@article {pmid39040687,
year = {2024},
author = {Liu, Z and Guo, Z and Zhou, J and Guo, X and Chen, Y},
title = {Biotic interactions and environmental modifications determine symbiotic microbial diversity and stability.},
journal = {Computational and structural biotechnology journal},
volume = {23},
number = {},
pages = {2717-2726},
pmid = {39040687},
issn = {2001-0370},
abstract = {Taking amphibians as island models, we examined the effects of interspecific interaction on the diversity and stability of microbial ecological. As skin area increased, the diversity and stability of skin microbes decreased, but the strength of negative interactions increased significantly. In contrast, as gut area increased, the diversity and stability of gut microbes increased, but the strength of interactions remained constant. These results indicate that microbial interactions are affected by habitat properties. When living in fluctuating environments without strong filtering, microorganisms can enhance their negative interactions with other taxa by changing the pH of their surroundings. In contrast, the pH of the gut is relatively stable, and colonized microorganisms cannot alter the gut pH and inhibit other colonizers. This study demonstrates that in the field of microbiology, diversity and stability are predominantly influenced by the intensity of interspecies interactions. The findings in this study deepen our understanding of microbial diversity and stability and provide a mechanistic link between species interactions, biodiversity, and stability in microbial ecosystems.},
}

@article {pmid39038530,
year = {2024},
author = {Makiura, T and Matsutani, M and Tseng, HC and Fujimoto, N and Ohnishi, A},
title = {Succinate-mediated symbiosis between Dialister hominis and an uncharacterized Segatella-like pectinophile.},
journal = {Anaerobe},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {102883},
doi = {10.1016/j.anaerobe.2024.102883},
pmid = {39038530},
issn = {1095-8274},
abstract = {OBJECTIVES: Syntrophy has been documented between pectinophiles and methanol-utilizing bacteria, along with instances of cross-feeding between pectinophiles and methanogens. However, studies on the ecology of pectinophiles in anaerobic digestion (AD) are lacking. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to elucidate the ecology of pectinophiles by isolating novel pectinophile forms and conducting a comprehensive analysis of their physiology and ecology.

METHODS: Complex microbial communities from AD systems were enriched in a pectin-containing medium; subsequently, specific strains were isolated using a pectinophile isolation method. The carbon source assimilation and growth ability of the isolates, along with their symbiotic relationships, were evaluated using batch tests.

RESULTS: Strain LPYR103-Pre exhibited 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity and average nucleotide identity values of 94.3% and 77.9%, respectively, compared to its closest related species, Segatella cerevisiae. Strain LPYR103-Pre demonstrated attenuated growth in the presence of eight common sugars but exhibited remarkably high growth in the presence of pectin, D-galacturonate, and D-glucuronate, with succinate being identified as a primary metabolite. Accumulation of succinate inhibited the growth of strain LPYR103-Pre. However, this growth impediment was alleviated by Dialister hominis LPYG114-Dih, whose growth required succinate.

CONCLUSIONS: Our results elucidate the specific carbon source requirements of the Segatella-like strain LPYR103-Pre and succinate-mediated symbiosis involving D. hominis. These findings provide new insights into the degradation of pectin and its degradation products during AD, contributing to the identification of unknown pectinophiles.},
}

@article {pmid39037262,
year = {2024},
author = {Jung, JM and Rahman, A and Schiffer, AM and Weisberg, AJ},
title = {Beav: a bacterial genome and mobile element annotation pipeline.},
journal = {mSphere},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e0020924},
doi = {10.1128/msphere.00209-24},
pmid = {39037262},
issn = {2379-5042},
abstract = {UNLABELLED: Comprehensive and accurate genome annotation is crucial for inferring the predicted functions of an organism. Numerous tools exist to annotate genes, gene clusters, mobile genetic elements, and other diverse features. However, these tools and pipelines can be difficult to install and run, be specialized for a particular element or feature, or lack annotations for larger elements that provide important genomic context. Integrating results across analyses is also important for understanding gene function. To address these challenges, we present the Beav annotation pipeline. Beav is a command-line tool that automates the annotation of bacterial genome sequences, mobile genetic elements, molecular systems and gene clusters, key regulatory features, and other elements. Beav uses existing tools in addition to custom models, scripts, and databases to annotate diverse elements, systems, and sequence features. Custom databases for plant-associated microbes are incorporated to improve annotation of key virulence and symbiosis genes in agriculturally important pathogens and mutualists. Beav includes an optional Agrobacterium-specific pipeline that identifies and classifies oncogenic plasmids and annotates plasmid-specific features. Following the completion of all analyses, annotations are consolidated to produce a single comprehensive output. Finally, Beav generates publication-quality genome and plasmid maps. Beav is on Bioconda and is available for download at https://github.com/weisberglab/beav.

IMPORTANCE: Annotation of genome features, such as the presence of genes and their predicted function, or larger loci encoding secretion systems or biosynthetic gene clusters, is necessary for understanding the functions encoded by an organism. Genomes can also host diverse mobile genetic elements, such as integrative and conjugative elements and/or phages, that are often not annotated by existing pipelines. These elements can horizontally mobilize genes encoding for virulence, antimicrobial resistance, or other adaptive functions and alter the phenotype of an organism. We developed a software pipeline, called Beav, that combines new and existing tools for the comprehensive annotation of these and other major features. Existing pipelines often misannotate loci important for virulence or mutualism in plant-associated bacteria. Beav includes custom databases and optional workflows for the improved annotation of plant-associated bacteria. Beav is designed to be easy to install and run, making comprehensive genome annotation broadly available to the research community.},
}

@article {pmid39036777,
year = {2024},
author = {Chen, Y and Chen, B and Liang, R and Wang, S and An, M and Zhang, J and Liang, J and Wang, Y and Gao, X and Liang, J},
title = {Four new species of Russulasubsect.Cyanoxanthinae from China (Russulales, Russulaceae).},
journal = {MycoKeys},
volume = {107},
number = {},
pages = {21-50},
pmid = {39036777},
issn = {1314-4049},
abstract = {Four new species of Russulasubsect.Cyanoxanthinae, viz. Russulaatrochermesina Y.L. Chen & J.F. Liang, R.lavandula Y.L. Chen, B. Chen & J.F. Liang, R.lilaceofusca Y.L. Chen & J.F. Liang and R.perviridis Y.L. Chen, B. Chen & J.F. Liang, from China are proposed, based on morphological and molecular evidence. Russulaatrochermesina can be distinguished by its violet pileus with tuberculate-striate margin, distant lamellae that stain greyish-yellow when bruised, basidiospores ornamented by isolated warts, wide hymenial cystidia on lamellae edges, cystidia content negative reaction in sulphovanillin and branched subterminal cells in pileipellis. Russulalavandula has a purplish-white to violet red pileus with a yellow centre, frequently present lamellulae and furcations, stipe often with pale yellow near the base, isolated basidiospores ornamentation and unbranched cuticular hyphal terminations, while R.lilaceofusca is characterised by its lilac brown to dark brown pileus, crowded lamellae with lamellulae and furcations, stipe often turning reddish-yellow when bruised, subreticulate basidiospores ornamentation and clavate hymenial cystidia often with capitate appendage whose contents that change to reddish-black in sulphovanillin. Russulaperviridis is characterised by its large basidiomata, smooth pileus surface, frequently present lamellulae and furcations, stipe with yellow-brown tinge, globose to broadly ellipsoid basidiospores with subreticulate ornamentation, long hymenial cystidia that turn greyish-black in sulphovanillin and symbiotic with Quercussemecarpifolia. Phylogenetic analyses, based on multi-gene ITS+LSU+mtSSU+rpb2, indicate that R.atrochermesina, R.lavandula, R.lilaceofusca and R.perviridis are closely related to R.pallidirosea and R.purpureorosea, R.banwatchanensis, R.lakhanpalii and R.nigrovirens, respectively.},
}

@article {pmid39035357,
year = {2024},
author = {Qadri, H and Shah, AH and Almilaibary, A and Mir, MA},
title = {Microbiota, natural products, and human health: exploring interactions for therapeutic insights.},
journal = {Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology},
volume = {14},
number = {},
pages = {1371312},
pmid = {39035357},
issn = {2235-2988},
mesh = {Humans ; *Biological Products/pharmacology/metabolism ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome/physiology ; Bacteria/metabolism/classification ; Animals ; Host Microbial Interactions ; Symbiosis ; },
abstract = {The symbiotic relationship between the human digestive system and its intricate microbiota is a captivating field of study that continues to unfold. Comprising predominantly anaerobic bacteria, this complex microbial ecosystem, teeming with trillions of organisms, plays a crucial role in various physiological processes. Beyond its primary function in breaking down indigestible dietary components, this microbial community significantly influences immune system modulation, central nervous system function, and disease prevention. Despite the strides made in microbiome research, the precise mechanisms underlying how bacterial effector functions impact mammalian and microbiome physiology remain elusive. Unlike the traditional DNA-RNA-protein paradigm, bacteria often communicate through small molecules, underscoring the imperative to identify compounds produced by human-associated bacteria. The gut microbiome emerges as a linchpin in the transformation of natural products, generating metabolites with distinct physiological functions. Unraveling these microbial transformations holds the key to understanding the pharmacological activities and metabolic mechanisms of natural products. Notably, the potential to leverage gut microorganisms for large-scale synthesis of bioactive compounds remains an underexplored frontier with promising implications. This review serves as a synthesis of current knowledge, shedding light on the dynamic interplay between natural products, bacteria, and human health. In doing so, it contributes to our evolving comprehension of microbiome dynamics, opening avenues for innovative applications in medicine and therapeutics. As we delve deeper into this intricate web of interactions, the prospect of harnessing the power of the gut microbiome for transformative medical interventions becomes increasingly tantalizing.},
}

Humans
*Biological Products/pharmacology/metabolism
*Gastrointestinal Microbiome/physiology
Bacteria/metabolism/classification
Animals
Host Microbial Interactions
Symbiosis

@article {pmid39034969,
year = {2024},
author = {Kotakadi, SM and Bangarupeta, MJ and Kandati, K and Borelli, DPR and Sayyed, JA and Shaik, MI and Nannepaga, JS},
title = {Biosynthesized MgONPs using Syzygium cumini seed extract: Characterization, In vitro anti-oxidant and anti-microbial activity.},
journal = {Biotechnology reports (Amsterdam, Netherlands)},
volume = {43},
number = {},
pages = {e00846},
pmid = {39034969},
issn = {2215-017X},
abstract = {The present study investigates S. cumini seed extracts which are considered as a promising and valuable source of bioactive compounds were prepared using different solvents such as methanol, ethanol, petroleum ether, acetone, chloroform, and diethyl ether. Among these solvents, methanol exhibited the highest extraction with a yield of 42 %. HPLC analysis revealed the highest concentration of quercetin flavonoids (49.62 mg/gm) in the methanolic S. cumini seed extract. Thus, the current work deals with the MgONPs synthesis through a biological approach using different S. cumini seed extracts. In vitro anti-oxidant properties were evaluated, which showed an IC50 value of 22.46 μg/mL for MgONPs synthesized from methanolic extract, surpassing the anti-oxidant potency of ascorbic acid by threefold. By leveraging the rich repository of bioactive compounds found within S. cumini seed extract, this study presents a novel approach to MgONPs synthesis. Exploring the symbiotic relationship between S. cumini seed extract and MgONPs, this research elucidates the pivotal role of bioactive compounds in guiding the formation and properties of nanostructures. Further anti-microbial studies on MgONPs from methanolic S. cumini seed extract were conducted against four different bacterial strains (Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, and S. typhimurium), revealing potent anti-microbial activity with 5.3 mm of inhibition for 100 µl against S. typhimurium. These findings suggest that S. cumini is a source of bioactive compounds responsible for the successful synthesis of MgONPs. Characterization studies of MgONPs were also carried out using UV-vis spectroscopy, FTIR, SEM, XRD, DSC and HPLC.},
}

@article {pmid39034691,
year = {2024},
author = {Nef, C and Pierella Karlusich, JJ and Bowler, C},
title = {From nets to networks: tools for deciphering phytoplankton metabolic interactions within communities and their global significance.},
journal = {Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences},
volume = {379},
number = {1909},
pages = {20230172},
doi = {10.1098/rstb.2023.0172},
pmid = {39034691},
issn = {1471-2970},
support = {//Université de Recherche Paris Sciences et Lettres/ ; //Horizon 2020 Framework Programme/ ; //Fonds Français pour l'Environnement Mondial/ ; //Simons Foundation/ ; //Agence Nationale de la Recherche/ ; //HORIZON EUROPE European Research Council/ ; },
mesh = {*Phytoplankton/metabolism/physiology ; *Food Chain ; Ecosystem ; },
abstract = {Our oceans are populated with a wide diversity of planktonic organisms that form complex dynamic communities at the base of marine trophic networks. Within such communities are phytoplankton, unicellular photosynthetic taxa that provide an estimated half of global primary production and support biogeochemical cycles, along with other essential ecosystem services. One of the major challenges for microbial ecologists has been to try to make sense of this complexity. While phytoplankton distributions can be well explained by abiotic factors such as temperature and nutrient availability, there is increasing evidence that their ecological roles are tightly linked to their metabolic interactions with other plankton members through complex mechanisms (e.g. competition and symbiosis). Therefore, unravelling phytoplankton metabolic interactions is the key for inferring their dependency on, or antagonism with, other taxa and better integrating them into the context of carbon and nutrient fluxes in marine trophic networks. In this review, we attempt to summarize the current knowledge brought by ecophysiology, organismal imaging, in silico predictions and co-occurrence networks using 'omics data, highlighting successful combinations of approaches that may be helpful for future investigations of phytoplankton metabolic interactions within their complex communities.This article is part of the theme issue 'Connected interactions: enriching food web research by spatial and social interactions'.},
}

*Phytoplankton/metabolism/physiology
*Food Chain
Ecosystem

@article {pmid39032279,
year = {2024},
author = {Zhang, H and Hao, Z and Zhang, R and Tong, J and Wang, X and Liu, J and Gao, Y and Wang, X and Su, Q and Wen, H and Fan, Y and Liu, F and Li, X and Tong, C and Wang, X},
title = {Artemisia argyi polyphenols Attenuates DSS-induced colitis in mice by regulating the structural composition of gut microbiota.},
journal = {Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology},
volume = {132},
number = {},
pages = {155897},
doi = {10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155897},
pmid = {39032279},
issn = {1618-095X},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Intestinal health is affected by heredity, lifestyle, and structure of gut microbiota. The imbalance of symbiotic and harmful bacteria in gut microbiota may increase the occurrence of colonic inflammation. Supplementary A. muciniphila can improve the survival rate of colitis mice, reduce colon tissue injury, and the expression of anti-inflammatory factors was upregulated. Artemisia argyi has been reported to have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, bactericidal, and immunomodulatory effects. However, its anti-inflammatory effect and mechanism, and its influence on gut microbiota and metabolites are still unclear yet.

PURPOSE: To explore whether Artemisia argyi Polyphenols(AAPs) can alleviate ulcerative colitis (UC) by changing gut microbiota.

METHODS: The therapeutic effect of AAPs on colitis was investigated by inducing ulcerative colitis in mice using dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) and administering different doses of AAPs orally to mice. Exploring the levels of inflammatory proteins, oxidative stress proteins, and barrier proteins using western blotting and immunofluorescence, and explored the structural changes of gut microbiota and its metabolites. Meanwhile, in order to explore whether the role of AAPs in alleviating colitis is based on the regulation of gut microbiota structure, we conducted fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT).

RESULTS: It showed that AAPs and FMT trial alleviated DSS-induced colonic injury, including clinical parameters and pathological injury of colon tissue, reduction in the expression of inflammatory proteins: IL-6, TNF-α, p-p65, p-IκBα, and increase in the expression of antioxidant proteins: Nrf2, NQO-1 and HO-1 and barrier proteins: Claudin-1, Occludin, ZO-1 and MUC2. AAPs and FMT promoted the content of beneficial bacteria, such as Butyricimonas and Lactobacillus, and the content of beneficial metabolites for instance acetic acid, butyric acid, and valeric acid has also increased.

CONCLUSION: These results suggested that AAPs might improve DSS-induced colonic injury by changing the structural of gut microbiota while promoting the synthesis of fatty acids in the intestine, thereby providing a theoretical basis for using AAPs to treat ulcerative colitis.},
}

@article {pmid39031969,
year = {2024},
author = {Peterson, BW and Tjakkes, GH and Renkema, AM and Manton, DJ and Ren, Y},
title = {The oral microbiota and periodontal health in orthodontic patients.},
journal = {Periodontology 2000},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/prd.12594},
pmid = {39031969},
issn = {1600-0757},
abstract = {The oral microbiota develops within the first 2 years of childhood and becomes distinct from the parents by 4 years-of-age. The oral microbiota plays an important role in the overall health/symbiosis of the individual. Deviations from the state of symbiosis leads to dysbiosis and an increased risk of pathogenicity. Deviations can occur not only from daily life activities but also from orthodontic interventions. Orthodontic appliances are formed from a variety of biomaterials. Once inserted, they serve as a breeding ground for microbial attachment, not only from new surface areas and crevices but also from material physicochemical interactions different than in the symbiotic state. Individuals undergoing orthodontic treatment show, compared with untreated people, qualitative and quantitative differences in activity within the oral microbiota, induced by increased retention of supra- and subgingival microbial plaque throughout the treatment period. These changes are at the root of the main undesirable effects, such as gingivitis, white spot lesions (WSL), and more severe caries lesions. Notably, the oral microbiota profile in the first weeks of orthodontic intervention might be a valuable indicator to predict and identify higher-risk individuals with respect to periodontal health and caries risk within an otherwise healthy population. Antimicrobial coatings have been used to dissuade microbes from adhering to the biomaterial; however, they disrupt the host microbiota, and several bacterial strains have become resistant. Smart biomaterials that can reduce the antimicrobial load preventing microbial adhesion to orthodontic appliances have shown promising results, but their complexity has kept many solutions from reaching the clinic. 3D printing technology provides opportunities for complex chemical syntheses to be performed uniformly, reducing the cost of producing smart biomaterials giving hope that they may reach the clinic in the near future. The purpose of this review is to emphasize the importance of the oral microbiota during orthodontic therapy and to use innovative technologies to better maintain its healthy balance during surgical procedures.},
}

@article {pmid39031570,
year = {2024},
author = {Majid, M and Wani, AH and Ganai, BA},
title = {Evaluating the Biocontrol Efficacy and Antioxidant Potential of Phellinus caribaeo-quercicola-A First Report Dual-Action Endophyte From Inula racemosa Hook. F.},
journal = {Journal of basic microbiology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e2400080},
doi = {10.1002/jobm.202400080},
pmid = {39031570},
issn = {1521-4028},
support = {//The authors received no specific funding for this work./ ; },
abstract = {Phellinus caribaeo-quercicola is a basidiomycetous fungus, isolated as an endophyte in this study from the healthy and symptomless leaves of Inula racemosa Hook. f., an important medicinal herb growing in Kashmir Himalaya. This study combines morphological, molecular and phylogenetic techniques to identify the fungal endophyte, using the ITS sequence of nrDNA. A detached leaf assay was conducted to assess the pathogenicity of the fungal endophyte suggesting its mutually symbiotic relationship with the host. The authors also investigated the antifungal potential of the isolated endophytic strain to ascertain its use as a biocontrol agent. The study shows that P. caribaeo-quercicola INL3-2 strain exhibits biocontrol activity against four key fungal phytopathogens that cause significant agronomic and economic losses: Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Fusarium solani, and Fusarium oxysporum. Notably, P. caribaeo-quercicola INL3-2 strain is highly effective against A. flavus, with an inhibition percentage of 57.63%. In addition, this study investigates the antioxidant activity of P. caribaeo-quercicola INL3-2 strain crude extracts using ethyl acetate and methanol as solvents. The results showed that the methanolic fraction of P. caribaeo-quercicola exhibits potential as an antioxidant agent, with an IC50 value of 171.90 ± 1.15 µg/mL. This investigation is first of its kind and marks the initial report of this fungal basidiomycete, P. caribaeo-quercicola, as an endophyte associated with a medicinal plant. The findings of this study highlight the potential of P. caribaeo-quercicola INL3-2 strain as a dual-action agent with both biocontrol and antioxidant properties consistent with the medicinal properties of Inula racemosa. This endophytic fungus could be a promising source of natural compounds for use in agriculture, medicine, and beyond.},
}

@article {pmid39030686,
year = {2024},
author = {Wallace, BA and Varona, NS and Hesketh-Best, PJ and Stiffler, AK and Silveira, CB},
title = {Globally distributed bacteriophage genomes reveal mechanisms of tripartite phage-bacteria-coral interactions.},
journal = {The ISME journal},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/ismejo/wrae132},
pmid = {39030686},
issn = {1751-7370},
abstract = {Reef-building corals depend on an intricate community of microorganisms for functioning and resilience. The infection of coral-associated bacteria by bacteriophages can modify bacteria-host interactions, yet very little is known about phage functions in the holobiont. This gap stems from methodological limitations that have prevented the recovery of high-quality viral genomes and bacterial host assignment from coral samples. Here, we introduce a size fractionation approach that increased bacterial and viral recovery in coral metagenomes by 9-fold and 2-fold, respectively, and enabled the assembly and binning of bacterial and viral genomes at relatively low sequencing coverage. We combined these viral genomes with those derived from 677 publicly available metagenomes, viromes, and bacterial isolates from stony corals to build a global coral virus database of over 20 000 viral genomic sequences spanning four viral realms. The tailed bacteriophage families Kyanoviridae and Autographiviridae were the most abundant, replacing groups formerly referred to as Myoviridae and Podoviridae, respectively. Prophage and CRISPR spacer linkages between these viruses and 626 bacterial metagenome-assembled genomes and bacterial isolates showed that most viruses infected Alphaproteobacteria, the most abundant class, and less abundant taxa like Halanaerobiia and Bacteroidia. A host-phage-gene network identified keystone viruses with the genomic capacity to modulate bacterial metabolic pathways and direct molecular interactions with eukaryotic cells. This study reveals the genomic basis of nested symbioses between bacteriophage, bacteria, and the coral host and its endosymbiotic algae.},
}

@article {pmid39030411,
year = {2024},
author = {Yang, Q and Yang, B and Yang, B and Zhang, W and Tang, X and Sun, H and Zhang, Y and Li, J and Ling, J and Dong, J},
title = {Alleviating Coral Thermal Stress via Inoculation with Quorum Quenching Bacteria.},
journal = {Marine biotechnology (New York, N.Y.)},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {39030411},
issn = {1436-2236},
support = {2021YFC3100500//National Key Research and Development Program of China/ ; 2022YFC3102003//National Key Research and Development Program of China/ ; 2022YFC3102004//National Key Research and Development Program of China/ ; 42106197//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 42276160//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 422QN440//Hainan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China, China/ ; ISEE2021ZD03//Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences/ ; ISEE2021ZD03//Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences/ ; 2021B1212050023//Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province, China/ ; },
abstract = {In the background of global warming, coral bleaching induced by elevated seawater temperature is the primary cause of coral reef degradation. Coral microbiome engineering using the beneficial microorganisms for corals (BMCs) has become a hot spot in the field of coral reef conservation and restoration. Investigating the potential of alleviating thermal stress by quorum quenching (QQ) bacteria may provide more tools for coral microbial engineering remediation. In this study, QQ bacteria strain Pseudoalteromonas piscicida SCSIO 43740 was screened among 75 coral-derived bacterial strains, and its quorum sensing inhibitor (QSI) compound was isolated and identified as 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol (2,4-DTBP). Then, the thermal stress alleviating potential of QQ bacteria on coral Pocillopora damicornis was tested by a 30-day controlled experiment with three different treatments: control group (Con: 29 °C), high temperature group (HT: 31 °C), and the group of high temperature with QQ bacteria inoculation (HTQQ: 31 °C + QQ bacteria). The results showed that QQ bacteria SCSIO 43740 inoculation can significantly mitigate the loss of symbiotic algae and impairment of photosynthesis efficiency of coral P. damicornis under thermal stress. Significant difference in superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) enzyme activities between HT and HTQQ was not observed. In addition, QQ bacteria inoculation suppressed the coral microbial community beta-dispersion and improved the stability of microbial co-occurrence network under thermal stress. It was suggested that QQ bacteria inoculation can alleviate coral thermal stress via reshaping microbial interaction and maintain community stability of coral microbiome. This study provided new evidence for the probiotic function of QQ bacteria in corals, which shedding light on the development of new microbiological tools for coral reef conservation.},
}

@article {pmid39030351,
year = {2024},
author = {Gong, S and Liang, J and Xu, L and Wang, Y and Li, J and Jin, X and Yu, K and Zhang, Y},
title = {Diel transcriptional responses of coral-Symbiodiniaceae holobiont to elevated temperature.},
journal = {Communications biology},
volume = {7},
number = {1},
pages = {882},
pmid = {39030351},
issn = {2399-3642},
mesh = {*Anthozoa/genetics/physiology ; Animals ; *Symbiosis ; Circadian Rhythm/genetics ; Transcription, Genetic ; Hot Temperature ; Dinoflagellida/genetics/physiology ; Temperature ; },
abstract = {Coral exhibits diel rhythms in behavior and gene transcription. However, the influence of elevated temperature, a key factor causing coral bleaching, on these rhythms remains poorly understood. To address this, we examined physiological, metabolic, and gene transcription oscillations in the Acropora tenuis-Cladocopium sp. holobiont under constant darkness (DD), light-dark cycle (LD), and LD with elevated temperature (HLD). Under LD, the values of photosystem II efficiency, reactive oxygen species leakage, and lipid peroxidation exhibited significant diel oscillations. These oscillations were further amplified during coral bleaching under HLD. Gene transcription analysis identified 24-hour rhythms for specific genes in both coral and Symbiodiniaceae under LD. Notably, these rhythms were disrupted in coral and shifted in Symbiodiniaceae under HLD. Importantly, we identified over 20 clock or clock-controlled genes in this holobiont. Specifically, we suggested CIPC (CLOCK-interacting pacemaker-like) gene as a core clock gene in coral. We observed that the transcription of two abundant rhythmic genes encoding glycoside hydrolases (CBM21) and heme-binding protein (SOUL) were dysregulated by elevated temperature. These findings indicate that elevated temperatures disrupt diel gene transcription rhythms in the coral-Symbiodiniaceae holobiont, affecting essential symbiosis processes, such as carbohydrate utilization and redox homeostasis. These disruptions may contribute to the thermal bleaching of coral.},
}

*Anthozoa/genetics/physiology
Animals
*Symbiosis
Circadian Rhythm/genetics
Transcription, Genetic
Hot Temperature
Dinoflagellida/genetics/physiology
Temperature

@article {pmid39029900,
year = {2024},
author = {Yue, T and Dong, Y and Huo, Q and Li, W and Wang, X and Zhang, S and Fan, H and Wu, X and He, X and Zhao, Y and Li, D},
title = {Nicotinamide riboside alleviates ionizing radiation-induced intestinal senescence by alleviating oxidative damage and regulating intestinal metabolism.},
journal = {Journal of advanced research},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.jare.2024.07.010},
pmid = {39029900},
issn = {2090-1224},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: The intestine, frequently subjected to pelvic or abdominal radiotherapy, is particularly vulnerable to delayed effects of acute radiation exposure (DEARE) owing to its high radiation sensitivity. Radiation-induced intestinal senescence, a result of DEARE, profoundly affects the well-being and quality of life of radiotherapy patients. However, targeted pharmaceutical interventions for radiation-induced senescence are currently scarce. Our findings showcase that nicotinamide riboside(NR) effectively alleviates radiation-induced intestinal senescence, offering crucial implications for utilizing NR as a pharmacological agent to combat intestinal DEARE.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to investigate the ability of NR to reduce radiation induced intestinal senescence and explore its related mechanisms.

METHODS: Male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into CON, IR, and IR + NR groups. The mice in the IR and IR + NR groups were subjected to a 6.0 Gy γ-ray total body exposure. After 8 weeks, the mice in the IR + NR group received NR via gavage at a dose of 400 mg/kg/d for 21 days. Then the mice were used for sample collection.

RESULTS: Our results demonstrate that NR can significantly mitigate radiation-induced intestinal senescence. Furthermore, our findings indicate that NR can mitigate oxidative damage, restore the normal function of intestinal stem cells, regulate the disruption of the intestinal symbiotic ecosystem and address metabolic abnormalities. In addition, the underlying mechanisms involve the activation of SIRT6, SIRT7 and the inhibition of the mTORC1 pathway by NR.

CONCLUSION: In conclusion, our results reveal the substantial inhibitory effects of NR on radiation-induced intestinal senescence. These findings offer valuable insights into the potential therapeutic use of NR as a pharmacological agent for alleviating intestinal DEARE.},
}

@article {pmid39029750,
year = {2024},
author = {Cao, X and Liu, J and Zhang, L and Mao, W and Li, M and Wang, H and Sun, W},
title = {Response of soil microbial ecological functions and biological characteristics to organic fertilizer combined with biochar in dry direct-seeded paddy fields.},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
volume = {948},
number = {},
pages = {174844},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174844},
pmid = {39029750},
issn = {1879-1026},
abstract = {Biochar and organic fertilizer are commonly used to maintain soil health and sustainable agroecosystems, and the alternate wet-dry management of soil moisture in dry direct-seeded paddy fields can complicate the effects of biochar and organic fertilizer on soil microhabitats. Therefore, this study used chicken manure organic fertilizer to replace some of the inorganic fertilizer and applied biochar to explore the ability of biochar and organic fertilizer to regulate the functions of the soil microhabitat in dry direct-seeded paddy fields. The coupling effect of organic fertilizer and biochar increased the diversity and richness of soil bacteria but had no significant effect on soil fungi. Biochar and organic fertilizer affected the distribution and composition of soil bacteria and fungi, and the total number of soil bacteria and fungi increased by 1365 and -71 (5 t/hm[2] biochar and no organic fertilizer), 660 and 79 (10 t/hm[2] biochar and no organic fertilizer), 3121 and 7 (no biochar and 20 % organic fertilizer substitution), 1873 and -72 (5 t/hm[2] biochar and 20 % organic fertilizer substitution), and -544 and -65 (10 t/hm[2] biochar and 20 % organic fertilizer substitution), respectively, compared with that of the control treatment. Compared with the application of biochar alone, the coupling effect of biochar and organic fertilizer increased the average degree (0.95 and 0.16), links (190 and 32), and ratio of fungal positive links (1.651 %), and decreased the modularity (0.034 and 0.052) and ratio of bacterial positive links (6.482 %) of bacterial and fungal networks. In addition, the coupling effect resulted in a more complex association between soil microbial diversity and richness and microbial ecological functions. Random forest predictions indicated that, organic fertilizer as a random factor, changes in the abundance of bacterial Bacteroidetes and Nitrospirae and fungal Monoblepharomycota were the main factors driving the differences in soil microbial ecological functions.},
}

@article {pmid39029396,
year = {2024},
author = {Fan, X and Kong, L and Wang, J and Tan, Y and Xu, X and Li, M and Zhu, L},
title = {Surface-programmed microbiome assembly in phycosphere to microplastics contamination.},
journal = {Water research},
volume = {262},
number = {},
pages = {122064},
doi = {10.1016/j.watres.2024.122064},
pmid = {39029396},
issn = {1879-2448},
abstract = {Recalcitrance in microplastics accounts for ubiquitous white pollution. Of special interest are the capabilities of microorganisms to accelerate their degradation sustainably. Compared to the well-studied pure cultures in degrading natural polymers, the algal-bacterial symbiotic system is considered as a promising candidate for microplastics removal, cascading bottom-up impacts on ecosystem-scale processes. This study selected and enriched the algae-associated microbial communities hosted by the indigenous isolation Desmodesmus sp. in wastewater treatment plants with micro-polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene, and polystyrene contamination. Results elaborated that multiple settled and specific affiliates were recruited by the uniform algae protagonist from the biosphere under manifold microplastic stress. Alteration of distinct chemical functionalities and deformation of polymers provide direct evidence of degradation in phycosphere under illumination. Microplastic-induced phycosphere-derived DOM created spatial gradients of aromatic protein, fulvic and humic acid-like and tryptophan components to expanded niche-width. Surface thermodynamic analysis was conducted to simulate the reciprocal and reversible interaction on algal-bacterial and phycosphere-microplastic interface, revealing the enhancement of transition to stable and irreversible aggregation for functional microbiota colonization and microplastics capture. Furthermore, pangenomic analysis disclosed the genes related to the chemotaxis and the proposed microplastics biodegradation pathway in enriched algal-bacterial microbiome, orchestrating the evidence for common synthetic polymer particles and ultimately to confirm the effectiveness and potential. The present study emphasizes the necessity for future endeavors aimed at fully leveraging the potential of algal-bacterial mutualistic systems within sustainable bioremediation strategies targeting the eradication of microplastic waste.},
}

@article {pmid39028839,
year = {2024},
author = {Chien, H and Kuo, TY and Yao, CH and Su, YR and Chang, YT and Guo, ZL and Chang, KC and Hsieh, YH and Yang, SY},
title = {Nuclear factors NF-YC3 and NF-YBs positively regulate arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis in tomato.},
journal = {Plant physiology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/plphys/kiae381},
pmid = {39028839},
issn = {1532-2548},
abstract = {The involvement of nuclear factor Y (NF-Y) in transcriptional reprogramming during arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis has been demonstrated in several plant species. However, a comprehensive picture is lacking. We showed that the spatial expression of NF-YC3 was observed in cortical cells containing arbuscules via the cis-regulatory element GCC boxes. Moreover, the NF-YC3 promoter was transactivated by the combination of CYCLOPS and autoactive calcium and calmodulin-dependent kinase (CCaMK) via GCC boxes. Knockdown of NF-YC3 significantly reduced the abundance of all intraradical fungal structures and affected arbuscule size. BCP1, SbtM1, and WRI5a, whose expression associated with NF-YC3 levels, might be downstream of NF-YC3. NF-YC3 interacted with NF-YB3a, NF-YB5c, or NF-YB3b, in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and in planta, and interacted with NF-YA3a in yeast. Spatial expression of three NF-YBs was observed in all cell layers of roots under both mock and mycorrhizal conditions. Simultaneous knockdown of three NF-YBs, but not individually, reduced the fungal colonization level, suggesting that there might be functional redundancy of NF-YBs to regulate AM symbiosis. Collectively, our data suggest that NF-YC3 and NF-YBs positively regulate AM symbiosis in tomato, and arbuscule-related NF-YC3 may be an important downstream gene of the common symbiosis signaling pathway.},
}

@article {pmid39027904,
year = {2024},
author = {Li, Y and Zhang, B and Jiang, L and Cheng, T and Cheng, H and Qian, P},
title = {Gut microbiota plays pivotal roles in benign and malignant hematopoiesis.},
journal = {Blood science (Baltimore, Md.)},
volume = {6},
number = {4},
pages = {e00200},
pmid = {39027904},
issn = {2543-6368},
abstract = {Accumulated evidence emerges that dynamic changes in human gut microbiota and microbial metabolites can alter the ecological balance of symbiotic hosts. The gut microbiota plays a role in various diseases through different mechanisms. More and more attention has been paid to the effects that human microbiota extends beyond the gut. This review summarized the current understanding of the roles that gut microbiota plays in hematopoietic regulation and the occurrence and development of benign and malignant hematologic diseases. The progress of the application of microbiota in treatment was discussed in order to provide new insights into clinical diagnosis and treatment in the future.},
}

@article {pmid39027456,
year = {2024},
author = {Sorrentino, GP and Guimaraes, R and Cornelio, A and Zanoletti, A and Valentim, B and Bontempi, E},
title = {Mitigating CO2 emissions through an industrial symbiosis approach: Leveraging cork ash carbonation.},
journal = {Heliyon},
volume = {10},
number = {12},
pages = {e32893},
pmid = {39027456},
issn = {2405-8440},
abstract = {This study explores for the first time the potential use of carbonation as a method for managing cork ash, a byproduct of biomass waste incineration. Additionally, the cork ash was combined with fly ash from municipal solid waste incineration to leverage the carbonation reaction's ability to stabilize heavy metals. The findings suggest that subjecting biomass ash to carbonation can lead to the formation of mineral carbonates, effectively capturing CO2 and reducing its release into the atmosphere. The combination of various alkaline wastes and the stabilization of leachable heavy metals through carbonation reactions also opens opportunities for synergies between different industrial sectors. Finally, the study proposes a route for the obtained materials valorisation via 'end of waste': the reuse of the resulting materials as substitutes for natural resources, particularly in applications like building materials and polymer composites, can further enhance carbon dioxide savings.},
}

@article {pmid39026795,
year = {2024},
author = {Uppal, S and Waterworth, SC and Nick, A and Vogel, H and Flórez, LV and Kaltenpoth, M and Kwan, JC},
title = {Repeated horizontal acquisition of lagriamide-producing symbionts in Lagriinae beetles.},
journal = {bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1101/2024.01.23.576914},
pmid = {39026795},
issn = {2692-8205},
abstract = {Microbial symbionts associate with multicellular organisms on a continuum from facultative associations to mutual codependency. In some of the oldest intracellular symbioses there is exclusive vertical symbiont transmission, and co-diversification of symbiotic partners over millions of years. Such symbionts often undergo genome reduction due to low effective population sizes, frequent population bottlenecks, and reduced purifying selection. Here, we describe multiple independent acquisition events of closely related defensive symbionts followed by genome erosion in a group of Lagriinae beetles. Previous work in Lagria villosa revealed the dominant genome-eroded symbiont of the genus Burkholderia produces the antifungal compound lagriamide and protects the beetle's eggs and larvae from antagonistic fungi. Here, we use metagenomics to assemble 11 additional genomes of lagriamide-producing symbionts from seven different host species within Lagriinae from five countries, to unravel the evolutionary history of this symbiotic relationship. In each host species, we detected one dominant genome-eroded Burkholderia symbiont encoding the lagriamide biosynthetic gene cluster (BGC). Surprisingly, however, we did not find evidence for host-symbiont co-diversification, or for a monophyly of the lagriamide-producing symbionts. Instead, our analyses support at least four independent acquisition events of lagriamide-encoding symbionts and subsequent genome erosion in each of these lineages. By contrast, a clade of plant-associated relatives retained large genomes but secondarily lost the lagriamide BGC. In conclusion, our results reveal a dynamic evolutionary history with multiple independent symbiont acquisitions characterized by high degree of specificity. They highlight the importance of the specialized metabolite lagriamide for the establishment and maintenance of this defensive symbiosis.},
}

@article {pmid39025984,
year = {2024},
author = {Sikorskaya, TV and Ermolenko, EV and Ginanova, TT and Boroda, AV and Efimova, KV and Bogdanov, M},
title = {Membrane vectorial lipidomic features of coral host cells' plasma membrane and lipid profiles of their endosymbionts Cladocopium.},
journal = {Communications biology},
volume = {7},
number = {1},
pages = {878},
pmid = {39025984},
issn = {2399-3642},
support = {R01GM121493-6//U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS)/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Anthozoa/metabolism/physiology/microbiology ; *Symbiosis ; *Cell Membrane/metabolism ; *Lipidomics ; *Dinoflagellida/metabolism/physiology ; Membrane Lipids/metabolism ; },
abstract = {The symbiotic relationships between coral animal host and autotrophic dinoflagellates are based on the mutual exchange and tight control of nutritional inputs supporting successful growth. The corals Sinularia heterospiculata and Acropora aspera were cultivated using a flow-through circulation system supplying seawater during cold and warm seasons of the year, then sorted into host cells and symbionts and subjected to phylogenetic, morphological, and advanced lipid analyses. Here we show, that the lipidomes of the dinoflagellates Cladocopium C1/C3 and acroporide-specific Cladocopium hosted by the corals, are determined by lipidomic features of different thermosensitivity and unique betaine- and phospholipid molecular species. Phosphatidylserines and ceramiaminoethylphosphonates are not detected in the symbionts and predominantly localized on the inner leaflet of the S. heterospiculata host plasma membrane. The transmembrane distribution of phosphatidylethanolamines of S. heterospiculata host changes during different seasons of the year, possibly contributing to mutualistic nutritional exchange across this membrane complex to provide the host with a secure adaptive mechanism and ecological benefits.},
}

Animals
*Anthozoa/metabolism/physiology/microbiology
*Symbiosis
*Cell Membrane/metabolism
*Lipidomics
*Dinoflagellida/metabolism/physiology
Membrane Lipids/metabolism

@article {pmid39025305,
year = {2024},
author = {Ahmad, A and Amin, KA and Ashraf, SS},
title = {Biological effects of culture medium on Tetraselmis chuii and Dunaliella tertiolecta: Implications for emerging pollutants degradation.},
journal = {Chemosphere},
volume = {363},
number = {},
pages = {142868},
doi = {10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142868},
pmid = {39025305},
issn = {1879-1298},
abstract = {In this study, laboratory-scale cultivation of T. chuii and D. tertiolecta was conducted using Conway, F/2, and TMRL media to evaluate their biochemical composition and economic costs. The highest cell density (30.36 × 10[6] cells/mL) and dry weight (0.65 g/L) for T. chuii were achieved with Conway medium. This medium also produced biomass with maximum lipid content (25.65%), proteins (27.84%), and total carbohydrates (8.45%) compared with F/2 and TMRL media. D. tertiolecta reached a maximum cell density of 17.50 × 10[6] cells/mL in F/2 medium, which was notably lower than that of T. chuii. Furthermore, the media cost varied from US$0.23 to US$0.74 for each 1 L of media, primarily due to the addition of Na3PO4, KNO3, and cyanocobalamin. Thus, biomass production rates varied between US$38.81 and US$128.80 per kg on a dry weight basis. These findings comprehensively compare laboratory conditions and the costs associated with biomass production in different media. Additionally, this study explored the potential of T. chuii and D. tertiolecta strains, as well as their consortia with bacteria, for the degradation of various emerging pollutants (EPs), including caffeine, salicylic acid, DEET, imidacloprid, MBT, cimetidine, venlafaxine, methylparaben, thiabendazole, and paracetamol. Both microalgal strains demonstrated effective degradation of EPs, with enhanced degradation observed in microalgae-bacterial consortia. These results suggest that the symbiotic relationship between microalgae and bacteria can be harnessed for the bioremediation of EPs, thereby offering valuable insights into the environmental applications of microalgal cultivation.},
}

@article {pmid39024451,
year = {2024},
author = {Wilde, J and Slack, E and Foster, KR},
title = {Host control of the microbiome: Mechanisms, evolution, and disease.},
journal = {Science (New York, N.Y.)},
volume = {385},
number = {6706},
pages = {eadi3338},
doi = {10.1126/science.adi3338},
pmid = {39024451},
issn = {1095-9203},
mesh = {Animals ; Humans ; *Biological Evolution ; Homeostasis ; *Host Microbial Interactions/genetics ; *Microbiota/genetics ; *Selection, Genetic ; *Symbiosis ; },
abstract = {Many species, including humans, host communities of symbiotic microbes. There is a vast literature on the ways these microbiomes affect hosts, but here we argue for an increased focus on how hosts affect their microbiomes. Hosts exert control over their symbionts through diverse mechanisms, including immunity, barrier function, physiological homeostasis, and transit. These mechanisms enable hosts to shape the ecology and evolution of microbiomes and generate natural selection for microbial traits that benefit the host. Our microbiomes result from a perpetual tension between host control and symbiont evolution, and we can leverage the host's evolved abilities to regulate the microbiota to prevent and treat disease. The study of host control will be central to our ability to both understand and manipulate microbiotas for better health.},
}

Animals
Humans
*Biological Evolution
Homeostasis
*Host Microbial Interactions/genetics
*Microbiota/genetics
*Selection, Genetic
*Symbiosis

@article {pmid39024445,
year = {2024},
author = {Soyano, T and Akamatsu, A and Takeda, N and Watahiki, MK and Goh, T and Okuma, N and Suganuma, N and Kojima, M and Takebayashi, Y and Sakakibara, H and Nakajima, K and Kawaguchi, M},
title = {Periodic cytokinin responses in Lotus japonicus rhizobium infection and nodule development.},
journal = {Science (New York, N.Y.)},
volume = {385},
number = {6706},
pages = {288-294},
doi = {10.1126/science.adk5589},
pmid = {39024445},
issn = {1095-9203},
mesh = {*Cytokinins/metabolism ; Gene Expression Profiling ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; *Lotus/genetics/growth & development/metabolism ; Mutation ; *Plant Root Nodulation ; *Root Nodules, Plant/growth & development/microbiology ; Signal Transduction ; *Symbiosis ; *Mesorhizobium/genetics/physiology ; *Host Microbial Interactions ; },
abstract = {Host plants benefit from legume root nodule symbiosis with nitrogen-fixing bacteria under nitrogen-limiting conditions. In this interaction, the hosts must regulate nodule numbers and distribution patterns to control the degree of symbiosis and maintain root growth functions. The host response to symbiotic bacteria occurs discontinuously but repeatedly at the region behind the tip of the growing roots. Here, live-imaging and transcriptome analyses revealed oscillating host gene expression with approximately 6-hour intervals upon bacterial inoculation. Cytokinin response also exhibited a similar oscillation pattern. Cytokinin signaling is crucial to maintaining the periodicity, as observed in cytokinin receptor mutants displaying altered infection foci distribution. This periodic regulation influences the size of the root region responsive to bacteria, as well as the nodulation process progression.},
}

*Cytokinins/metabolism
Gene Expression Profiling
*Gene Expression Regulation, Plant
*Lotus/genetics/growth & development/metabolism
Mutation
*Plant Root Nodulation
*Root Nodules, Plant/growth & development/microbiology
Signal Transduction
*Symbiosis
*Mesorhizobium/genetics/physiology
*Host Microbial Interactions

@article {pmid39023266,
year = {2024},
author = {Lyu, D and Duan, Q and Duan, R and Qin, S and Zheng, X and Lu, X and Bukai, A and Zhang, P and Han, H and He, Z and Sha, H and Wu, D and Xiao, M and Jing, H and Wang, X},
title = {Symbiosis of a lytic bacteriophage and Yersinia pestis and characteristics of plague in Marmota himalayana.},
journal = {Applied and environmental microbiology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e0099524},
doi = {10.1128/aem.00995-24},
pmid = {39023266},
issn = {1098-5336},
abstract = {Surveillance for animal plague was conducted in the Marmota himalayana plague focus of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau from 2020 to 2023. A 22.89% positive rate of serum F1 antibody was detected in live-caught marmots, alongside a 43.40% incidence of Yersinia pestis isolation from marmot carcasses. Marmot carcasses infected with plague exhibited a significantly higher spleen-somatic index (P < 0.05). Twenty-one Y. pestis-specific phages were isolated, among which one Y. pestis lytic phage (AKS2022HT87GU_phi) was isolated from the bone marrow of a marmot carcass (no. AKS2022HT87) and was found to be symbiotic with Y. pestis. Microscopy revealed the coexistence of lysed and non-lysed colonies of Y. pestis AKS2022HT87. Genome-wide analysis showed that certain strains of the Y. pestis AKS2022HT87 carried phage DNA fragments consistent with phage AKS2022HT87GU_phi. The rare symbiotic relationship between a lytic phage and Y. pestis observed in vitro was highlighted in this study, laying the basis for further exploring the relationship between Y. pestis and its bacteriophages.IMPORTANCEBacteriophages and host bacteria commonly coexist in vivo or in soil environments through complex and interdependent microbial interactions. However, recapitulating this symbiotic state remains challenging in vitro due to limited medium nutrients. In this work, the natural symbiosis between Yersinia pestis and specific phages has been discovered in a Marmota himalayana specimen. Epidemiological analysis presented the characteristics of the Y. pestis and specific phages in the area with a strong plague epidemic. Crucially, comparative genomics has been conducted to analyze the genetic changes in both the Y. pestis and phages over different periods, revealing the dynamic and evolving nature of their symbiosis. These are the critical steps to study the mechanism of the symbiosis.},
}

@article {pmid39023256,
year = {2024},
author = {Graebin, A and Amaral, KD and Lira, DC and Collares, LJ and Bernardes, RC and Turchen, LM and Della-Lucia, TMC and Guedes, RNC},
title = {Nasturtium leaf compounds, diphenyl disulfide and lyral, against Atta sexdens (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) and their symbiotic fungi.},
journal = {Journal of economic entomology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/jee/toae154},
pmid = {39023256},
issn = {1938-291X},
abstract = {Social insect pests, particularly leaf-cutting ants, present a considerable challenge in terms of control. Leaf-cutting ants are significant agricultural, forestry, and pasture pests, and understanding their behavior and defense mechanisms is essential for managing their colonies effectively. While toxic ant baits are a primary control method, the limited availability of effective insecticides and concerns over their hazardous nature has spurred the search for alternative solutions, particularly natural compounds, which aligns with the goals of forest certification groups. In the light of previous evidence demonstrating the efficacy of nasturtium leaves (Tropaeolum majus L. (Brassicales: Tropaeolaceae)) in suppressing leaf-cutting ant colonies, this study investigates 2 active components of nasturtium leaf extracts: diphenyl disulfide and lyral. We tested their impact on Atta sexdens (L.) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), the most prevalent leaf-cutter ant species in Brazil, and their symbiotic fungus, Leucoagaricus gongylophorus (Möller) Singer (Agaricales: Agaricaceae). We conducted experiments with increasing concentrations of diphenyl disulfide and lyral, assessing their effects on the symbiotic fungus and on forager workers and gardeners of A. sexdens colonies. Our findings revealed no fungicidal activity, and ant mortality was minimal in both topical and ingestion bioassays with the exception of gardeners topically exposed to diphenyl sulfide. Furthermore, the compounds did not affect leaf ingestion, but diphenyl disulfide did increase interactions among foragers. These results suggest that neither diphenyl disulfide nor lyral are the primary contributors to the suppression of leaf-cutting ant colonies by nasturtium leaves. However, they may enhance the formicidal activity of other compounds present in nasturtium leaves.},
}

@article {pmid39022956,
year = {2024},
author = {He, LL and Liu, YR and Liu, WR and Wang, JF and Yu, YH and Qian, FY},
title = {[Rapid Start-up of Continuous Autotrophic Nitrogen Removal Reactor by Hybrid-inoculating PN and PN/A Granular Sludges].},
journal = {Huan jing ke xue= Huanjing kexue},
volume = {45},
number = {7},
pages = {4082-4089},
doi = {10.13227/j.hjkx.202308176},
pmid = {39022956},
issn = {0250-3301},
mesh = {*Bioreactors/microbiology ; *Nitrogen/metabolism/isolation & purification ; *Waste Disposal, Fluid/methods ; *Sewage/microbiology ; *Autotrophic Processes ; Bacteria/metabolism/isolation & purification/genetics ; Wastewater/chemistry ; Ammonium Compounds/metabolism/isolation & purification ; },
abstract = {The rapid cultivation of partial nitritation/ANAMMOX （PN/A） granular sludge in a continuous-flow mode is one of the key technologies for efficient biological nitrogen removal in domestic wastewater treatment. Compared with that in PN/A granular sludge, PN granular sludge demonstrates a shorter incubation period and suitability for batch culture. It is also a good carrier for enriching ANAMMOX （AMX） bacteria. In this study, we established a continuous-flow autotrophic nitrogen removal process in three continuously stirred tank reactors （CSTR） （R1-R3） by hybrid-inoculating PN/A and PN granular sludge at the mass ratios of 3∶1, 1∶1, and 1∶3, respectively. By implementing high ammonium nitrogen loading and short hydraulic retention time, continuous autotrophic nitrogen removal processes were successfully started up in the three CSTRs. The results showed that compared with that of R1 and R2, R3 had a longer start-up time but a similar steady-state nitrogen removal performance. The total nitrogen removal load of R3 could be more than 2.6 kg·（m[3]·d）[-1]. Intriguingly, the inoculated PN granular sludge served as a precursor for PN/A granular sludge cultivation. This approach facilitated the enrichment of anaerobic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria （AMX） by introducing abundant ammonium-oxidizing bacteria （AOB） and nitrite nitrogen substrates into the CSTR. According to the results of high-throughput sequencing, the microbial abundance and diversity of the mature granules in R1-R3 were significantly higher than those of the inoculation sludge. AOB （genus Nitrosomonas）, AMX （genera Candidatus Kuenenia and Candidatus Brocadia）, and symbiotic heterotrophs, such as Chloroflexi, Bacteroidetes, and Chlorobi, drove the autotrophic nitrogen removal process and maintained the stability of the granular structure. In summary, a novel start-up strategy of hybrid-inoculating granular sludge was provided for a continuous-flow autotrophic nitrogen removal in engineering application.},
}

*Bioreactors/microbiology
*Nitrogen/metabolism/isolation & purification
*Waste Disposal, Fluid/methods
*Sewage/microbiology
*Autotrophic Processes
Bacteria/metabolism/isolation & purification/genetics
Wastewater/chemistry
Ammonium Compounds/metabolism/isolation & purification

@article {pmid39021943,
year = {2024},
author = {Idowu, AP and Yamamoto, K and Koizumi, T and Matsutani, M and Takada, K and Shiwa, Y and Asfaw, A and Matsumoto, R and Ouyabe, M and Pachakkil, B and Kikuno, H and Shiwachi, H},
title = {Changes in the rhizosphere and root-associated bacteria community of white Guinea yam (Dioscorea rotundata Poir.) impacted by genotype and nitrogen fertilization.},
journal = {Heliyon},
volume = {10},
number = {12},
pages = {e33169},
pmid = {39021943},
issn = {2405-8440},
abstract = {The bacterial diversity and composition of water yam (Dioscorea alata L. cv. A-19), which can grow without chemical fertilization, have recently been characterized with no significant differences compared with the use of chemical fertilization. However, the diversity and community structure of bacteria associated with the white Guinea yam (Dioscorea rotundata), the most cultivated and economically important yam in West Africa, have not yet been investigated. This study characterized the bacterial diversity and composition associated with bulk soil, rhizosphere, and plant roots in six white Guinea yam genotypes (S004, S020, S032, S042, S058, and S074) in field experiments in Ibadan, Nigeria under N-based chemical fertilizer application. The largest diversity of bacteria was found in the bulk soil, followed by the rhizosphere and roots. Based on the alpha diversity analysis, the bacterial diversity in both S020 and S042 increased with fertilizer application among the bulk soil samples. S058 grown under no-fertilizer conditions had the highest bacterial diversity among the rhizosphere samples. Beta diversity analysis highlighted the significant difference in the composition of bacteria associated with the genotypes and fertilizer treatments, and S032 had a unique bacterial composition compared to the other genotypes. The dominant phylum across all sample types was Proteobacteria. Actinobacteriota was the dominant phylum among bulk soil samples. At the genus level, Bacillus was the most abundant bacterial genus across both the control and treated samples. Pseudomonas was predominant across all rhizosphere samples. Chryseobacterium, Sphingobium, Delftia and Klebsiella associated with the rhizosphere were shown the altered relative abundance between the control and treated samples depending on genotypes. A genus related to symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria, the Allorhizobium-Neorhizobium-Pararhizobium-Rhizobium clade, showed higher relative abundance among all root samples, indicating that it is a core bacterial genus. Furthermore, the field application of chemical fertilizer had a significant impact on the relative abundances of two genera related to symbiotic nitrogen-fixers, Allorhizobium-Neorhizobium-Pararhizobium-Rhizobium clade and Bradyrhizobium in the rhizosphere and root. These results suggest that N-based chemical fertilizers and plant genotypes would influence the compositional arrangement of associated bacterial communities, including symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria.},
}

@article {pmid39021621,
year = {2024},
author = {Aihetanmu, S and Liang, Z and Zhang, X and Luo, B and Zhang, H and Huang, J and Tian, F and Sun, H and Ni, Y},
title = {Genetic specialization of key bifidobacterial phylotypes in multiple mother-infant dyad cohorts from geographically isolated populations.},
journal = {Frontiers in microbiology},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1399743},
pmid = {39021621},
issn = {1664-302X},
abstract = {Little has been known about symbiotic relationships and host specificity for symbionts in the human gut microbiome so far. Bifidobacteria are a paragon of the symbiotic bacteria biota in the human gut. In this study, we characterized the population genetic structure of three bifidobacteria species from 58 healthy mother-infant pairs of three ethnic groups in China, geographically isolated, by Rep-PCR, multi-locus sequence analysis (MLSA), and in vitro carbohydrate utilization. One hundred strains tested were incorporated into 50 sequence types (STs), of which 29 STs, 17 STs, and 4 STs belong to B. longum subsp. longum, B. breve, and B. animalis subsp. lactis, respectively. The conspecific strains from the same mother-child pair were genetically very similar, supporting the vertical transmission of Bifidobacterium phylotypes from mother to offspring. In particular, results based on allele profiles and phylogeny showed that B. longum subsp. longum and B. breve exhibited considerable intraspecies genetic heterogeneity across three ethnic groups, and strains were clustered into ethnicity-specific lineages. Yet almost all strains of B. animalis subsp. lactis were incorporated into the same phylogenetic clade, regardless of ethnic origin. Our findings support the hypothesis of co-evolution between human gut symbionts and their respective populations, which is closely linked to the lifestyle of specific bacterial lineages. Hence, the natural and evolutionary history of Bifidobacterium species would be an additional consideration when selecting bifidobacterial strains for industrial and therapeutic applications.},
}

@article {pmid39021394,
year = {2024},
author = {Nakhforoosh, A and Hallin, E and Karunakaran, C and Korbas, M and Stobbs, J and Kochian, L},
title = {Visualization and Quantitative Evaluation of Functional Structures of Soybean Root Nodules via Synchrotron X-ray Imaging.},
journal = {Plant phenomics (Washington, D.C.)},
volume = {6},
number = {},
pages = {0203},
pmid = {39021394},
issn = {2643-6515},
abstract = {The efficiency of N2-fixation in legume-rhizobia symbiosis is a function of root nodule activity. Nodules consist of 2 functionally important tissues: (a) a central infected zone (CIZ), colonized by rhizobia bacteria, which serves as the site of N2-fixation, and (b) vascular bundles (VBs), serving as conduits for the transport of water, nutrients, and fixed nitrogen compounds between the nodules and plant. A quantitative evaluation of these tissues is essential to unravel their functional importance in N2-fixation. Employing synchrotron-based x-ray microcomputed tomography (SR-μCT) at submicron resolutions, we obtained high-quality tomograms of fresh soybean root nodules in a non-invasive manner. A semi-automated segmentation algorithm was employed to generate 3-dimensional (3D) models of the internal root nodule structure of the CIZ and VBs, and their volumes were quantified based on the reconstructed 3D structures. Furthermore, synchrotron x-ray fluorescence imaging revealed a distinctive localization of Fe within CIZ tissue and Zn within VBs, allowing for their visualization in 2 dimensions. This study represents a pioneer application of the SR-μCT technique for volumetric quantification of CIZ and VB tissues in fresh, intact soybean root nodules. The proposed methods enable the exploitation of root nodule's anatomical features as novel traits in breeding, aiming to enhance N2-fixation through improved root nodule activity.},
}

@article {pmid39021362,
year = {2024},
author = {Li, C and Han, Y and Zou, X and Zhang, X and Ran, Q and Dong, C},
title = {A systematic discussion and comparison of the construction methods of synthetic microbial community.},
journal = {Synthetic and systems biotechnology},
volume = {9},
number = {4},
pages = {775-783},
pmid = {39021362},
issn = {2405-805X},
abstract = {Synthetic microbial community has widely concerned in the fields of agriculture, food and environment over the past few years. However, there is little consensus on the method to synthetic microbial community from construction to functional verification. Here, we review the concept, characteristics, history and applications of synthetic microbial community, summarizing several methods for synthetic microbial community construction, such as isolation culture, core microbiome mining, automated design, and gene editing. In addition, we also systematically summarized the design concepts, technological thresholds, and applicable scenarios of various construction methods, and highlighted their advantages and limitations. Ultimately, this review provides four efficient, detailed, easy-to-understand and -follow steps for synthetic microbial community construction, with major implications for agricultural practices, food production, and environmental governance.},
}

@article {pmid39021277,
year = {2024},
author = {Shah, I and Sarim, KM and Sikka, VK and Dudeja, SS and Gahlot, DK},
title = {Developed Rhizobium Strains Enhance Soil Fertility and Yield of Legume Crops in Haryana, India.},
journal = {Journal of basic microbiology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e2400327},
doi = {10.1002/jobm.202400327},
pmid = {39021277},
issn = {1521-4028},
support = {//This research was funded by the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) under the Emeritus Scientist Scheme (Agri.Edu/9/19/2016/ES/HRD-5298 C(b) MBBB-10-ICAR). Open Access funding was provided by Umeå University, Sweden./ ; },
abstract = {Three strains of Gram-negative bacterium, Rhizobium, were developed by gamma (γ)-irradiation random mutagenesis. The developed strains were evaluated for their augmented features for symbiotic association, nitrogen fixation, and crop yield of three leguminous plants-chickpea, field-pea, and lentil-in agricultural fields of the northern Indian state of Haryana. Crops treated with developed mutants exhibited significant improvement in plant features and the yield of crops when compared to the control-uninoculated crops and crops grown with indigenous or commercial crop-specific strains of Rhizobium. This improvement was attributed to generated mutants, MbPrRz1 (on chickpea), MbPrRz2 (on lentil), and MbPrRz3 (on field-pea). Additionally, the cocultured symbiotic response of MbPrRz1 and MbPrRz2 mutants was found to be more pronounced on all three crops. The statistical analysis using Pearson's correlation coefficients revealed that nodulation and plant biomass were the most related parameters of crop yield. Among the effectiveness of developed mutants, MbPrRz1 yielded the best results for all three tested crops. Moreover, the developed mutants enhanced macro- and micronutrients of the experimental fields when compared with fields harboring the indigenous rhizobial community. These developed mutants were further genetically characterized, predominantly expressing nitrogen fixation marker, nifH, and appeared to belong to Mesorhizobium ciceri (MbPrRz1) and Rhizobium leguminosarum (both MbPrRz2 and MbPrRz3). In summary, this study highlights the potential of developed Rhizobium mutants as effective biofertilizers for sustainable agriculture, showcasing their ability to enhance symbiotic relationships, crop yield, and soil fertility.},
}

@article {pmid39020961,
year = {2024},
author = {Adhikari, SK},
title = {Quasi-one- and quasi-two-dimensional symbiotic solitons bound by dipolar interaction.},
journal = {Physical review. E},
volume = {109},
number = {6-1},
pages = {064206},
doi = {10.1103/PhysRevE.109.064206},
pmid = {39020961},
issn = {2470-0053},
abstract = {We study the formation of quasi-one- (quasi-1D) and quasi-two-dimensional (quasi-2D) symbiotic solitons bound by an interspecies dipolar interaction in a binary dipolar Bose-Einstein condensate. These binary solitons have a repulsive intraspecies contact interaction stronger than the intraspecies dipolar interaction, so that they can not be bound in isolation in the absence of an interspecies dipolar interaction. These symbiotic solitons are bound in the presence of an interspecies dipolar interaction and zero interspecies contact interaction. The quasi-1D solitons are free to move along the polarization z direction of the dipolar atoms, whereas the quasi-2D solitons move in the x-z plane. To illustrate these, we consider a ^{164}E
r-^{166}E
r mixture with scattering lengths a(^{164}E
r)=81a_{0}
and a(^{166}E
r)=68a_{0}
and with dipolar lengths a_{dd}(
^{164}E
r)≈a_{dd}(
^{166}E
r)≈65a_{0},
where a_{0}
is the Bohr radius. In each of the two components a>a_{dd},
which stops the binding of solitons in each component in isolation, whereas a binary quasi-1D or a quasi-2D ^{164}E
r-^{166}E
r soliton is bound in the presence of an interspecies dipolar interaction. The stationary states were obtained by imaginary-time propagation of the underlying mean-field model; dynamical stability of the solitons was established by real-time propagation over a long period of time.},
}

@article {pmid39020319,
year = {2024},
author = {Fang, CC and Liu, YH and Huang, SH},
title = {The symbiotic experiences of residents with and without dementia co-living in Taiwan's long-term care facilities: a phenomenological study.},
journal = {BMC geriatrics},
volume = {24},
number = {1},
pages = {611},
pmid = {39020319},
issn = {1471-2318},
mesh = {Humans ; Taiwan/epidemiology ; *Dementia/psychology/epidemiology ; Male ; *Long-Term Care/psychology ; Female ; Aged ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Aged, 80 and over ; Nursing Homes ; Middle Aged ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: In Taiwan, residents with and without dementia mostly co-live in long-term care facilities. The behavioral and psychiatric symptoms of dementia residents often pose challenges for others living together. This study explored the symbiotic experiences of residents without dementia co-living with those with dementia in long-term care facilities in Taiwan to present their experiences of living together.

METHODS: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study with a phenomenological design. Semi-structured face-to-face interviews were conducted with 30 residents without dementia from three long-term care institutions in Taiwan. Colaizzi's data processing steps were used for analysis.

RESULTS: The analysis of interview transcripts revealed that the experiences of residents who lived with those with dementia were that of a "symbiosis." Three core themes were found: "the impact of co-living," "facing difficulties and coping," and "companionship and reciprocity." This study showed that residents without dementia may be affected by the behavioral and psychiatric symptoms of residents with dementia when co-living in long-term care facilities. However, there are also positive and mutually beneficial interactions between them. By helping people with dementia in their daily lives, residents without dementia feel happy and accomplished and their self-worth is enhanced. Furthermore, residents with dementia have more opportunities for social engagement and co-living interactions.

CONCLUSION: These results can guide long-term care facilities without special care dementia units to support residents without dementia, reduce the interference of the behavioral and psychiatric symptoms of residents with dementia, and promote mutual benefits. However, these findings warrant further investigation.},
}

Humans
Taiwan/epidemiology
*Dementia/psychology/epidemiology
Male
*Long-Term Care/psychology
Female
Aged
Cross-Sectional Studies
Aged, 80 and over
Nursing Homes
Middle Aged

@article {pmid39018775,
year = {2024},
author = {Ren, J and Cui, Z and Wang, Y and Ning, Q and Gao, Y},
title = {Transcriptomic insights into the potential impacts of flavonoids and nodule-specific cysteine-rich peptides on nitrogen fixation in Vicia villosa and Vicia sativa.},
journal = {Plant physiology and biochemistry : PPB},
volume = {214},
number = {},
pages = {108936},
doi = {10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108936},
pmid = {39018775},
issn = {1873-2690},
abstract = {Vicia villosa (VV) and Vicia sativa (VS) are legume forages highly valued for their excellent nitrogen fixation. However, no research has addressed the mechanisms underlying their differences in nitrogen fixation. This study employed physiological, cytological, and comparative transcriptomic approaches to elucidate the disparities in nitrogen fixation between them. Our results showed that the total amount of nitrogen fixed was 60.45% greater in VV than in VS, and the comprehensive nitrogen response performance was 94.19% greater, while the nitrogen fixation efficiency was the same. The infection zone and differentiated bacteroid proportion in mature VV root nodules were 33.76% and 19.35% greater, respectively, than those in VS. The size of the VV genome was 15.16% larger than that of the VS genome, consistent with its greater biomass. A significant enrichment of the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway was found only for VV-specific genes, among which chalcone-flavonone isomerase, caffeoyl-CoA-O-methyltransferase and stilbene synthase were extremely highly expressed. The VV-specific genes also exhibited significant enrichment in symbiotic nodulation; genes related to nodule-specific cysteine-rich peptides (NCRs) comprised 61.11% of the highly expressed genes. qRT‒PCR demonstrated that greater enrichment and expression of the dominant NCR (Unigene0004451) were associated with greater nodule bacteroid differentiation and greater nitrogen fixation in VV. Our findings suggest that the greater total nitrogen fixation of VV was attributed to its larger biomass, leading to a greater nitrogen demand and enhanced fixation physiology. This process is likely achieved by the synergistic effects of high bacteroid differentiation along with high expression of flavonoid and NCR genes.},
}

@article {pmid39018459,
year = {2024},
author = {Kho, K and Cheng, T and Buddelmeijer, N and Boneca, IG},
title = {When the Host Encounters the Cell Wall and Vice Versa.},
journal = {Annual review of microbiology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1146/annurev-micro-041522-094053},
pmid = {39018459},
issn = {1545-3251},
abstract = {Peptidoglycan (PGN) and associated surface structures such as secondary polymers and capsules have a central role in the physiology of bacteria. The exoskeletal PGN heteropolymer is the major determinant of cell shape and allows bacteria to withstand cytoplasmic turgor pressure. Thus, its assembly, expansion, and remodeling during cell growth and division need to be highly regulated to avoid compromising cell survival. Similarly, regulation of the assembly impacts bacterial cell shape; distinct shapes enhance fitness in different ecological niches, such as the host. Because bacterial cell wall components, in particular PGN, are exposed to the environment and unique to bacteria, these have been coopted during evolution by eukaryotes to detect bacteria. Furthermore, the essential role of the cell wall in bacterial survival has made PGN an important signaling molecule in the dialog between host and microbes and a target of many host responses. Millions of years of coevolution have resulted in a pivotal role for PGN fragments in shaping host physiology and in establishing a long-lasting symbiosis between microbes and the host. Thus, perturbations of this dialog can lead to pathologies such as chronic inflammatory diseases. Similarly, pathogens have devised sophisticated strategies to manipulate the system to enhance their survival and growth.},
}

@article {pmid39018411,
year = {2024},
author = {Shoham, S and Keren, R and Lavy, A and Polishchuk, I and Pokroy, B and Ilan, M},
title = {Out of the blue: Hyperaccumulation of molybdenum in the Indo-Pacific sponge Theonella conica.},
journal = {Science advances},
volume = {10},
number = {29},
pages = {eadn3923},
pmid = {39018411},
issn = {2375-2548},
mesh = {*Molybdenum/metabolism ; Animals ; *Porifera/metabolism ; Indian Ocean ; Pacific Ocean ; },
abstract = {Molybdenum is an essential micronutrient, but because of its toxicity at high concentrations, its accumulation in living organisms has not been widely demonstrated. In this study, we report that the marine sponge Theonella conica accumulates exceptionally high levels of molybdenum (46,793 micrograms per gram of dry weight) in a wide geographic distribution from the northern Red Sea to the reefs of Zanzibar, Indian Ocean. The element is found in various sponge body fractions and correlates to selenium. We further investigated the microbial composition of the sponge and compared it to its more studied congener, Theonella swinhoei. Our analysis illuminates the symbiotic bacterium Entotheonella sp. and its role in molybdenum accumulation. Through microscopic and analytical methods, we provide evidence of intracellular spheres within Entotheonella sp. that exhibit high molybdenum content, further unraveling the intricate mechanisms behind molybdenum accumulation in this sponge species and its significance in the broader context of molybdenum biogeochemical cycling.},
}

*Molybdenum/metabolism
Animals
*Porifera/metabolism
Indian Ocean
Pacific Ocean

@article {pmid39016123,
year = {2024},
author = {Scott, TJ and Queller, DC and Strassmann, JE},
title = {Complex third-party effects in the Dictyostelium-Paraburkholderia symbiosis: prey bacteria that are eaten, carried or left behind.},
journal = {Proceedings. Biological sciences},
volume = {291},
number = {2027},
pages = {20241111},
pmid = {39016123},
issn = {1471-2954},
support = {DEB-1753743, IOS-1656756, DEB-2237266//National Science Foundation/ ; },
mesh = {*Dictyostelium/physiology/microbiology ; *Symbiosis ; Burkholderiaceae/physiology ; },
abstract = {Symbiotic interactions may change depending on third parties like predators or prey. Third-party interactions with prey bacteria are central to the symbiosis between Dictyostelium discoideum social amoeba hosts and Paraburkholderia bacterial symbionts. Symbiosis with inedible Paraburkholderia allows host D. discoideum to carry prey bacteria through the dispersal stage where hosts aggregate and develop into fruiting bodies that disperse spores. Carrying prey bacteria benefits hosts when prey are scarce but harms hosts when prey bacteria are plentiful, possibly because hosts leave some prey bacteria behind while carrying. Thus, understanding benefits and costs in this symbiosis requires measuring how many prey bacteria are eaten, carried and left behind by infected hosts. We found that Paraburkholderia infection makes hosts leave behind both symbionts and prey bacteria. However, the number of prey bacteria left uneaten was too small to explain why infected hosts produced fewer spores than uninfected hosts. Turning to carried bacteria, we found that hosts carry prey bacteria more often after developing in prey-poor environments than in prey-rich ones. This suggests that carriage is actively modified to ensure hosts have prey in the harshest conditions. Our results show that multi-faceted interactions with third parties shape the evolution of symbioses in complex ways.},
}

*Dictyostelium/physiology/microbiology
*Symbiosis
Burkholderiaceae/physiology

@article {pmid39014094,
year = {2024},
author = {Duan, S and Feng, G and Limpens, E and Bonfante, P and Xie, X and Zhang, L},
title = {Cross-kingdom nutrient exchange in the plant-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus-bacterium continuum.},
journal = {Nature reviews. Microbiology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {39014094},
issn = {1740-1534},
abstract = {The association between plants and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) affects plant performance and ecosystem functioning. Recent studies have identified AMF-associated bacteria as cooperative partners that participate in AMF-plant symbiosis: specific endobacteria live inside AMF, and hyphospheric bacteria colonize the soil that surrounds the extraradical hyphae. In this Review, we describe the concept of a plant-AMF-bacterium continuum, summarize current advances and provide perspectives on soil microbiology. First, we review the top-down carbon flow and the bottom-up mineral flow (especially phosphorus and nitrogen) in this continuum, as well as how AMF-bacteria interactions influence the biogeochemical cycling of nutrients (for example, carbon, phosphorus and nitrogen). Second, we discuss how AMF interact with hyphospheric bacteria or endobacteria to regulate nutrient exchange between plants and AMF, and the possible molecular mechanisms that underpin this continuum. Finally, we explore future prospects for studies on the hyphosphere to facilitate the utilization of AMF and hyphospheric bacteria in sustainable agriculture.},
}

@article {pmid39013300,
year = {2024},
author = {Tewari, N and Dey, P},
title = {Navigating commensal dysbiosis: Gastrointestinal host-pathogen interplay orchestrating opportunistic infections.},
journal = {Microbiological research},
volume = {286},
number = {},
pages = {127832},
doi = {10.1016/j.micres.2024.127832},
pmid = {39013300},
issn = {1618-0623},
abstract = {The gut commensals, which are usually symbiotic or non-harmful bacteria that live in the gastrointestinal tract, have a positive impact on the health of the host. This review, however, specifically discuss distinct conditions where commensals aid in the development of pathogenic opportunistic infections. We discuss that the categorization of gut bacteria as either pathogens or non-pathogens depends on certain circumstances, which are significantly affected by the tissue microenvironment and the dynamic host-microbe interaction. Under favorable circumstances, commensals have the ability to transform into opportunistic pathobionts by undergoing overgrowth. These conditions include changes in the host's physiology, simultaneous infection with other pathogens, effective utilization of nutrients, interactions between different species of bacteria, the formation of protective biofilms, genetic mutations that enhance pathogenicity, acquisition of genes associated with virulence, and the ability to avoid the host's immune response. These processes allow commensals to both initiate infections themselves and aid other pathogens in populating the host. This review highlights the need of having a detailed and sophisticated knowledge of the two-sided nature of gut commensals. Although commensals mostly promote health, they may also become harmful in certain changes in the environment or the body's functioning. This highlights the need of acknowledging the intricate equilibrium in interactions between hosts and microbes, which is crucial for preserving intestinal homeostasis and averting diseases. Finally, we also emphasize the further need of research to better understand and anticipate the behavior of gut commensals in different situations, since they play a crucial and varied role in human health and disease.},
}

@article {pmid39013023,
year = {2024},
author = {Ni, H and Hou, X and Tian, S and Liu, C and Zhang, G and Peng, Y and Chen, L and Wang, J and Chen, Q and Xin, D},
title = {Insights into the Early Steps of the Symbiotic Interaction between Soybean (Glycine max) and Sinorhizobium fredii Symbiosis Using Transcriptome, Small RNA, and Degradome Sequencing.},
journal = {Journal of agricultural and food chemistry},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1021/acs.jafc.4c02312},
pmid = {39013023},
issn = {1520-5118},
abstract = {Symbiotic nitrogen fixation carried out by the soybean-rhizobia symbiosis increases soybean yield and reduces the amount of nitrogen fertilizer that has been applied. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are crucial in plant growth and development, prompting an investigation into their role in the symbiotic interaction of soybean with partner rhizobia. Through integrated small RNA, transcriptome, and degradome sequencing analysis, 1215 known miRNAs, 314 of them conserved, and 187 novel miRNAs were identified, with 44 differentially expressed miRNAs in soybean roots inoculated with Sinorhizobium fredii HH103 and a ttsI mutant. The study unveiled that the known miRNA gma-MIR398a-p5 was downregulated in the presence of the ttsI mutation, while the target gene of gma-MIR398a-p5, Glyma.06G007500, associated with nitrogen metabolism, was upregulated. The results of this study offer insights for breeding high-efficiency nitrogen-fixing soybean varieties, enhancing crop yield and quality.},
}

@article {pmid39012965,
year = {2024},
author = {Drapek, C and Rizza, A and Mohd-Radzman, NA and Schiessl, K and Dos Santos Barbosa, F and Wen, J and Oldroyd, GED and Jones, AM},
title = {GA dynamics governing nodulation revealed using GIBBERELLIN PERCEPTION SENSOR 2 in Medicago truncatula lateral organs.},
journal = {The Plant cell},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/plcell/koae201},
pmid = {39012965},
issn = {1532-298X},
abstract = {During nutrient scarcity, plants can adapt their developmental strategy to maximize their chance of survival. Such plasticity in development is underpinned by hormonal regulation, which mediates the relationship between environmental cues and developmental outputs. In legumes, endosymbiosis with nitrogen fixing bacteria (rhizobia) is a key adaptation for supplying the plant with nitrogen in the form of ammonium. Rhizobia are housed in lateral root-derived organs termed nodules that maintain an environment conducive to Nitrogenase in these bacteria. Several phytohormones are important for regulating the formation of nodules, with both positive and negative roles proposed for gibberellin (GA). In this study, we determine the cellular location and function of bioactive GA during nodule organogenesis using a genetically-encoded second generation GA biosensor, GIBBERELLIN PERCEPTION SENSOR 2 in Medicago truncatula. We find endogenous bioactive GA accumulates locally at the site of nodule primordia, increasing dramatically in the cortical cell layers, persisting through cell divisions and maintaining accumulation in the mature nodule meristem. We show, through mis-expression of GA catabolic enzymes that suppress GA accumulation, that GA acts as a positive regulator of nodule growth and development. Furthermore, increasing or decreasing GA through perturbation of biosynthesis gene expression can increase or decrease the size of nodules, respectively. This is unique from lateral root formation, a developmental program that shares common organogenesis regulators. We link GA to a wider gene regulatory program by showing that nodule-identity genes induce and sustain GA accumulation necessary for proper nodule formation.},
}

@article {pmid39012828,
year = {2024},
author = {Sgroi, M and Hoey, D and Medina Jimenez, K and Bowden, SL and Hope, M and Wallington, EJ and Schornack, S and Bravo, A and Paszkowski, U},
title = {The receptor-like kinase ARK controls symbiotic balance across land plants.},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
volume = {121},
number = {30},
pages = {e2318982121},
doi = {10.1073/pnas.2318982121},
pmid = {39012828},
issn = {1091-6490},
support = {BB/M011194/1//UKRI | Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC)/ ; BB/P003176/1//UKRI | Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC)/ ; BB/P003419/1//UKRI | Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC)/ ; BB/V002295/1//UKRI | Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC)/ ; },
mesh = {*Symbiosis/genetics ; *Mycorrhizae/physiology/genetics ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; *Embryophyta/genetics ; *Plant Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Marchantia/genetics/microbiology ; Phylogeny ; },
abstract = {The mutualistic arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis arose in land plants more than 450 million years ago and is still widely found in all major land plant lineages. Despite its broad taxonomic distribution, little is known about the molecular components underpinning symbiosis outside of flowering plants. The ARBUSCULAR RECEPTOR-LIKE KINASE (ARK) is required for sustaining AM symbiosis in distantly related angiosperms. Here, we demonstrate that ARK has an equivalent role in symbiosis maintenance in the bryophyte Marchantia paleacea and is part of a broad AM genetic program conserved among land plants. In addition, our comparative transcriptome analysis identified evolutionarily conserved expression patterns for several genes in the core symbiotic program required for presymbiotic signaling, intracellular colonization, and nutrient exchange. This study provides insights into the molecular pathways that consistently associate with AM symbiosis across land plants and identifies an ancestral role for ARK in governing symbiotic balance.},
}

*Symbiosis/genetics
*Mycorrhizae/physiology/genetics
*Gene Expression Regulation, Plant
*Embryophyta/genetics
*Plant Proteins/genetics/metabolism
Marchantia/genetics/microbiology
Phylogeny

@article {pmid39012539,
year = {2024},
author = {Zeb, A and Khan, Y and He, H and Zhang, D and Shen, S},
title = {Molecular identification of Halomonas AZ07 and its multifunctional enzymatic activities to degrade Pyropia yezoensis under high-temperature condition.},
journal = {Molecular biology reports},
volume = {51},
number = {1},
pages = {816},
pmid = {39012539},
issn = {1573-4978},
mesh = {*Halomonas/genetics/metabolism/enzymology ; *RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics ; Hot Temperature ; Rhodophyta/genetics ; Phylogeny ; Microbiota/genetics ; Seaweed/metabolism/microbiology ; Temperature ; Edible Seaweeds ; Porphyra ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Pyropia yezoensis a commercially important red seaweed species, is susceptible to various microorganisms infections, among which bacterial infections are the most prominent ones. Pyropia yezoensis is often affected by harmful bacterial communities under high temperatures that can lead to its degradation and economic losses. The current study aimed to explore Pyropia yezoensis-associated microbiota and further identify potential isolates, which can degrade Pyropia yezoensis under high-temperature conditions.

METHODS AND RESULTS: The 16S rRNA gene sequencing was used to identify the agarolytic bacterial species. The results showed that Chromohalobacter sp. strain AZ6, Pseudoalteromonas sp. strain AZ, Psychrobacter sp. strain AZ3, Vibrio sp. strain AZ, and Halomonas sp. strain AZ07 exhibited algicidal properties as these strains were more abundant at high temperature (25 °C). Among the five isolated strains, the potential isolate Halomonas sp. strain AZ07 showed high production of agarolytic enzymes, including lipase, protease, cellulase, and amylase. This study confirmed that the isolated strain could produce these four different enzymes. The strain Halomonas AZ07 was co-treated with Pyropia yezoensis cells under two different temperature environments, including 13 °C and 25 °C. The degradation of Pyropia yezoensis occurred at the optimum temperature of 25 °C and effectively degraded their cell wall, proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates.

CONCLUSION: The successful cultivation of Pyropia yezoensis in coastal farm environments is dependent on specific temperature and environmental factors, and lower temperatures have been observed to be particularly beneficial for the survival and growth of Pyropia yezoensis. The temperature below 13 °C was confirmed to be the best niche for the symbiotic relationship of microbiota associated with Pyropia yezoensis for its growth, development, and production.},
}

*Halomonas/genetics/metabolism/enzymology
*RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics
Hot Temperature
Rhodophyta/genetics
Phylogeny
Microbiota/genetics
Seaweed/metabolism/microbiology
Temperature
Edible Seaweeds
Porphyra

@article {pmid39012472,
year = {2024},
author = {Huang, J and Xu, J and Zhang, H and Liu, J and He, C},
title = {Combined Effects of Tetracycline and Copper Ion on Microorganisms During the Biological Phosphorus Removal.},
journal = {Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology},
volume = {113},
number = {2},
pages = {13},
pmid = {39012472},
issn = {1432-0800},
support = {2023t07010002//The Anhui Provincial Key Research and Development Project/ ; 2022AH010019//The Natural Science Project for Colleges of Anhui Province/ ; (DTR2023029)//The project for cultivating academic (or disciplinary) leaders/ ; (52300022)//The national Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; },
mesh = {*Phosphorus ; *Tetracycline/pharmacology ; *Copper/toxicity ; *Water Pollutants, Chemical ; *Wastewater/chemistry/microbiology ; Waste Disposal, Fluid/methods ; Bacteria/drug effects/metabolism ; },
abstract = {Tetracycline and copper ion are common pollutants in wastewater, and the effects of mixed pollutants on microorganisms in wastewater biological treatment have been less studied. In order to reveal the effects of mixed pollutants of tetracycline and copper ion on the microorganisms during the biological phosphorus removal, three ratios of tetracycline and copper ions were designed by the direct equipartition ray method. The relative abundance and diversity of microbial community were investigated, and the microbial interactions were revealed through microbiological methods. The results demonstrated that, for three different ratios, the inhibitory effect of specific phosphorus uptake rate became more significant with the increase of the tetracycline-copper ions concentration and the reaction time. The microbial community decreased with the increase of the proportion of tetracycline in different ratios. The relative abundance of Acinetobacter decreased with the increase of the proportion of tetracycline, while the relative abundance of Ca.Competibacter was higher under the conditions of low mixtures concentrations. Positive interactions and symbiotic relationships among microorganisms were predominant for three different ratios. However, as the proportion of tetracycline increased, the community structure of microorganisms shifted from phosphate-accumulating organisms to glycogen accumulating organisms and denitrifying bacteria. This study can provide a reference for the effect of mixed pollutants on microorganisms and the mechanism of wastewater treatment.},
}

*Phosphorus
*Tetracycline/pharmacology
*Copper/toxicity
*Water Pollutants, Chemical
*Wastewater/chemistry/microbiology
Waste Disposal, Fluid/methods
Bacteria/drug effects/metabolism

@article {pmid39011306,
year = {2024},
author = {Del-Canto, A and Sanz-Saez, A and Heath, KD and Grillo, MA and Heras, J and Lacuesta, M},
title = {Conventional management has a greater negative impact on Phaseolus vulgaris L. rhizobia diversity and abundance than water scarcity.},
journal = {Frontiers in plant science},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1408125},
pmid = {39011306},
issn = {1664-462X},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Drought is one of the biggest problems for crop production and also affects the survival and persistence of soil rhizobia, which limits the establishment of efficient symbiosis and endangers the productivity of legumes, the main source of plant protein worldwide.

AIM: Since the biodiversity can be altered by several factors including abiotic stresses or cultural practices, the objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of water availability, plant genotype and agricultural management on the presence, nodulation capacity and genotypic diversity of rhizobia.

METHOD: A field experiment was conducted with twelve common bean genotypes under irrigation and rain-fed conditions, both in conventional and organic management. Estimation of the number of viable rhizobia present in soils was performed before the crop establishment, whereas the crop yield, nodule number and the strain diversity of bacteria present in nodules were determined at postharvest.

RESULTS: Rainfed conditions reduced the number of nodules and of isolated bacteria and their genetic diversity, although to a lesser extent than the agrochemical inputs related to conventional management. In addition, the effect of water scarcity on the conventional management soil was greater than observed under organic conditions.

CONCLUSIONS: The preservation of diversity will be a key factor to maintain crop production in the future, as problems caused by drought will be exacerbated by climate change and organic management can help to maintain the biodiversity of soil microbiota, a fundamental aspect for soil health and quality.},
}

@article {pmid39010998,
year = {2024},
author = {Dagar, J and Maurya, S and Antil, S and Abraham, JS and Somasundaram, S and Lal, R and Makhija, S and Toteja, R},
title = {Symbionts of Ciliates and Ciliates as Symbionts.},
journal = {Indian journal of microbiology},
volume = {64},
number = {2},
pages = {304-317},
pmid = {39010998},
issn = {0046-8991},
abstract = {Endosymbiotic relationships between ciliates and others are critical for their ecological roles, physiological adaptations, and evolutionary implications. These can be obligate and facultative. Symbionts often provide essential nutrients, contribute to the ciliate's metabolism, aid in digestion, and offer protection against predators or environmental stressors. In turn, ciliates provide a protected environment and resources for their symbionts, facilitating their survival and proliferation. Ultrastructural and full-cycle rRNA approaches are utilized to identify these endosymbionts. Fluorescence in situ hybridization using "species- and group-specific probes" which are complementary to the genetic material (DNA or RNA) of a particular species or group of interest represent convenient tools for their detection directly in the environment. A systematic survey of these endosymbionts has been conducted using both traditional and metagenomic approaches. Ciliophora and other protists have a wide range of prokaryotic symbionts, which may contain potentially pathogenic bacteria. Ciliates can establish symbiotic relationships with a variety of hosts also, ranging from protists to metazoans. Understanding ciliate symbiosis can provide useful insights into the complex relationships that drive microbial communities and ecosystems in general.},
}

@article {pmid39010986,
year = {2024},
author = {Shinde, DB and Mahore, JG and Giram, PS and Singh, SL and Sharda, A and Choyan, D and Musale, S},
title = {Microbiota of Saliva: A Non-invasive Diagnostic Tool.},
journal = {Indian journal of microbiology},
volume = {64},
number = {2},
pages = {328-342},
pmid = {39010986},
issn = {0046-8991},
abstract = {Potential of salivary microbiota as a non-invasive diagnostic tool for various diseases are explained in the present review. Traditional diagnostic methods rely on blood, which has limitations in terms of collection and biomarker specificity. We discuss the concept of normal flora and how disruptions in oral microbiota can be indicative of diseases. Saliva, harboring a diverse microbial community, offers promise as a diagnostic biomarker source for oral and non-oral conditions. We delve into the role of microbial dysbiosis in disease pathogenesis and the prospects of using biological indicators like dysbiosis for diagnosis, prediction, and monitoring. This review also emphasizes the significance of saliva microbiota in advancing early disease detection and timely intervention. We addressed the following research question and objectives: Can the microbiota of saliva serve as a non-invasive diagnostic tool for the early detection and monitoring of both oral and non-oral diseases? To achieve this, we will explore the normal flora of microorganisms in the oral cavity, the impact of microbial dysbiosis, and the potential of using specific pathogenic microorganisms as biomarkers. Additionally, we will investigate the correlation between oral and non-oral diseases by analyzing total saliva or site-specific dental biofilms for signs of symbiosis or dysbiosis. This research seeks to contribute valuable insights into the development of a non-invasive diagnostic approach with broad applications in healthcare.},
}

@article {pmid39010257,
year = {2024},
author = {Zhao, B and Li, C and Hu, T and Gao, Y and Fan, L and Zhang, X},
title = {Robust {Pb10}-
Cluster-Based Metal-Organic Framework for Capturing and Converting CO2 into Cyclic Carbonates under Mild Conditions.},
journal = {Inorganic chemistry},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c02093},
pmid = {39010257},
issn = {1520-510X},
abstract = {Developing a highly active catalyst that can efficiently capture and convert carbon dioxide (CO2) into high-value-added energy materials remains a severe challenge, which inspires us to explore effective metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) with high chemical stability and high-density active sites. Herein, we report a robust 3D lead(II)-organic framework of {(Me2NH2)2[Pb5(PTTPA)2(H2O)3]·2DMF·3H2O}n
(NUC-111) with unreported [Pb10(COO)22(H2O)6] clusters (abbreviated as {Pb10})
as nodes (H6PTTPA = 4,4',4″-(pyridine-2,4,6-triyl)triisophthalic acid). After thermal activation, NUC-111a is functionalized by the multifarious symbiotic acid-base active sites of open Pb[2+] sites and uncoordinated pyridine groups on the inner surface of the void volume. Gas adsorption tests confirm that NUC-111a displays a higher separation performance for mixed gases of f CO2 and CH4 with the selectivity of CO2/CH4 at 273 K and 101 kPa being 31 (1:99, v/v), 23 (15:85, v/v), and 8 (50:50, v/v), respectively. When the temperature rises to 298 K, the selectivity of CO2/CH4 at 101 kPa is 26 (1:99, v/v), 22 (15:85, v/v), and 11 (50:50, v/v). Moreover, activated NUC-111a exhibited excellent catalytic performance, stability, and recyclability for the cycloaddition of CO2 with epoxides under mild conditions. Hence, this work provides valuable insight into designing MOFs with multifunctionality for CO2 capture, separation, and conversion.},
}

@article {pmid39009513,
year = {2024},
author = {Shoji, F},
title = {[The Role of Gut Microbiota in Lung Carcinogenesis and Cancer Immunotherapy].},
journal = {Gan to kagaku ryoho. Cancer & chemotherapy},
volume = {51},
number = {6},
pages = {597-602},
pmid = {39009513},
issn = {0385-0684},
mesh = {Humans ; *Lung Neoplasms/immunology/therapy/microbiology ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome/immunology ; *Immunotherapy/methods ; Animals ; Carcinogenesis/immunology ; Dysbiosis/immunology/therapy/microbiology ; },
abstract = {In recent years, the human microbiota, especially the gut microbiota, has been attracting attention in various fields, and it is one of the topics in the field of oncology. The human microbiota is known to act directly or indirectly on host immunity, and the gut and lung microbiota influence each other through the"gut-lung axis". It has been suggested that dysbiosis, a condition in which the symbiosis of the human microbiota is disrupted, induces lung inflammation and various respiratory diseases, and is also implicated in the immune microenvironment of lung cancer. It is also widely known that the gut microbiota modulates the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy, a major pillar of lung cancer treatment, and many clinical trials targeting the gut microbiota, such as fecal microbiome transplantation and biotics intervention, are currently being conducted. In the future, research on lung carcinogenesis mechanisms and lung cancer treatment focusing on the human microbiota will become increasingly active.},
}

Humans
*Lung Neoplasms/immunology/therapy/microbiology
*Gastrointestinal Microbiome/immunology
*Immunotherapy/methods
Animals
Carcinogenesis/immunology
Dysbiosis/immunology/therapy/microbiology

@article {pmid39008621,
year = {2024},
author = {Bonetto, M and Cofré, N and Calvo, F and Silvente, S},
title = {Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the rhizosphere of two olive (Olea europaea) varieties Arbequina and Barnea under water deficit conditions.},
journal = {Functional plant biology : FPB},
volume = {51},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1071/FP24108},
pmid = {39008621},
issn = {1445-4416},
mesh = {*Olea/microbiology ; *Mycorrhizae/physiology ; *Rhizosphere ; *Water/metabolism ; Droughts ; Proline/metabolism ; Symbiosis ; Plant Stomata/physiology ; Plant Stems/microbiology ; Plant Roots/microbiology ; Malondialdehyde/metabolism ; },
abstract = {One strategy to improve olive (Olea europaea) tree drought tolerance is through the symbiosis of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), which helps alleviate water deficit through a combination of morphophysiological effects. Cuttings of olive varieties Arbequina (A) and Barnea (B) were grown with (+AMF) or without (-AMF) inoculum in the olive grove rhizosphere soil. One year after establishment, pots were exposed to four different water regimes: (1) control (100% of crop evapotranspiration); (2) short-period drought (20days); (3) long-period drought (25days); and (4) rewatering (R). To evaluate the influence of AMF on tolerance to water stress, stem water potential, stomatal conductance and the biomarkers for water deficit malondialdehyde, proline, soluble sugars, phenols, and flavonoids were evaluated at the end of the irrigation regimes. Stem water potential showed higher values in A(+) and B(+) in all water conditions, and the opposite was true for stomatal conductance. For proline and soluble sugars, the stem water potential trend is repeated with some exceptions. AMF inoculum spore communities from A(+ and -) and B(+ and -) were characterised at the morphospecies level in terms of richness and abundance. Certain morphospecies were identified as potential drought indicators. These results highlight that the benefits of symbiotic relationships between olive and native AMF can help to mitigate the effects of abiotic stress in soils affected by drought.},
}

*Olea/microbiology
*Mycorrhizae/physiology
*Rhizosphere
*Water/metabolism
Droughts
Proline/metabolism
Symbiosis
Plant Stomata/physiology
Plant Stems/microbiology
Plant Roots/microbiology
Malondialdehyde/metabolism

@article {pmid39007421,
year = {2024},
author = {Sin, WC and Liu, J and Zhong, JY and Lam, HM and Lim, BL},
title = {Comparative proteomics analysis of root and nodule mitochondria of soybean.},
journal = {Plant, cell & environment},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/pce.15026},
pmid = {39007421},
issn = {1365-3040},
support = {//Innovation and Technology Fund/ ; AoE/M-403/16//Hong Kong Research Grants Council/ ; },
abstract = {Legumes perform symbiotic nitrogen fixation through rhizobial bacteroids housed in specialised root nodules. The biochemical process is energy-intensive and consumes a huge carbon source to generate sufficient reducing power. To maintain the symbiosis, malate is supplied by legume nodules to bacteroids as their major carbon and energy source in return for ammonium ions and nitrogenous compounds. To sustain the carbon supply to bacteroids, nodule cells undergo drastic reorganisation of carbon metabolism. Here, a comprehensive quantitative comparison of the mitochondrial proteomes between root nodules and uninoculated roots was performed using data-independent acquisition proteomics, revealing the modulations in nodule mitochondrial proteins and pathways in response to carbon reallocation. Corroborated our findings with that from the literature, we believe nodules preferably allocate cytosolic phosphoenolpyruvates towards malate synthesis in lieu of pyruvate synthesis, and nodule mitochondria prefer malate over pyruvate as the primary source of NADH for ATP production. Moreover, the differential regulation of respiratory chain-associated proteins suggests that nodule mitochondria could enhance the efficiencies of complexes I and IV for ATP synthesis. This study highlighted a quantitative proteomic view of the mitochondrial adaptation in soybean nodules.},
}

@article {pmid39005400,
year = {2024},
author = {Zhang, X and Luo, Z and Marand, AP and Yan, H and Jang, H and Bang, S and Mendieta, JP and Minow, MAA and Schmitz, RJ},
title = {A spatially resolved multiomic single-cell atlas of soybean development.},
journal = {bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1101/2024.07.03.601616},
pmid = {39005400},
issn = {2692-8205},
abstract = {Cis -regulatory elements (CREs) precisely control spatiotemporal gene expression in cells. Using a spatially resolved single-cell atlas of gene expression with chromatin accessibility across ten soybean tissues, we identified 103 distinct cell types and 303,199 accessible chromatin regions (ACRs). Nearly 40% of the ACRs showed cell-type-specific patterns and were enriched for transcription factor (TF) motifs defining diverse cell identities. We identified de novo enriched TF motifs and explored conservation of gene regulatory networks underpinning legume symbiotic nitrogen fixation. With comprehensive developmental trajectories for endosperm and embryo, we uncovered the functional transition of the three sub-cell types of endosperm, identified 13 sucrose transporters sharing the DOF11 motif that were co-up-regulated in late peripheral endosperm and identified key embryo cell-type specification regulators during embryogenesis, including a homeobox TF that promotes cotyledon parenchyma identity. This resource provides a valuable foundation for analyzing gene regulatory programs in soybean cell types across tissues and life stages.},
}

@article {pmid39005142,
year = {2024},
author = {Cabuslay, C and Wertz, JT and Béchade, B and Hu, Y and Braganza, S and Freeman, D and Pradhan, S and Mukhanova, M and Powell, S and Moreau, C and Russell, JA},
title = {Domestication and evolutionary histories of specialized gut symbionts across cephalotine ants.},
journal = {Molecular ecology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e17454},
doi = {10.1111/mec.17454},
pmid = {39005142},
issn = {1365-294X},
support = {1442144//Division of Environmental Biology/ ; 1442156//Division of Environmental Biology/ ; 1442256//Division of Environmental Biology/ ; 1900357//Division of Environmental Biology/ ; 2041772//National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship Program/ ; },
abstract = {The evolution of animals and their gut symbionts is a complex phenomenon, obscured by lability and diversity. In social organisms, transmission of symbionts among relatives may yield systems with more stable associations. Here, we study the history of a social insect symbiosis involving cephalotine ants and their extracellular gut bacteria, which come predominantly from host-specialized lineages. We perform multi-locus phylogenetics for symbionts from nine bacterial orders, and map prior amplicon sequence data to lineage-assigned symbiont genomes, studying distributions of rigorously defined symbionts across 20 host species. Based on monophyly and additional hypothesis testing, we estimate that these specialized gut bacteria belong to 18 distinct lineages, of which 15 have been successfully isolated and cultured. Several symbiont lineages showed evidence for domestication events that occurred later in cephalotine evolutionary history, and only one lineage was ubiquitously detected in all 20 host species and 48 colonies sampled with amplicon 16S rRNA sequencing. We found evidence for phylogenetically constrained distributions in four symbionts, suggesting historical or genetic impacts on community composition. Two lineages showed evidence for frequent intra-lineage co-infections, highlighting the potential for niche divergence after initial domestication. Nearly all symbionts showed evidence for occasional host switching, but four may, more often, co-diversify with their hosts. Through our further assessment of symbiont localization and genomic functional profiles, we demonstrate distinct niches for symbionts with shared evolutionary histories, prompting further questions on the forces underlying the evolution of hosts and their gut microbiomes.},
}

@article {pmid39003318,
year = {2024},
author = {Kodama, Y and Kitatani, A and Morita, Y},
title = {Characterization of Crystals in Ciliate Paramecium bursaria Harboring Endosymbiotic Chlorella variabilis.},
journal = {Current microbiology},
volume = {81},
number = {9},
pages = {265},
pmid = {39003318},
issn = {1432-0991},
support = {(Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C) (Grant No. 20K06768))//Japan Society for the Promotion of Science/ ; (Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B) (Grant No. 23H02529))//Japan Society for the Promotion of Science/ ; },
mesh = {*Chlorella/chemistry/metabolism ; *Paramecium/metabolism ; *Symbiosis ; Crystallization ; Cytoplasm/chemistry ; },
abstract = {Protists, including ciliates retain crystals in their cytoplasm. However, their functions and properties remain unclear. To comparatively analyze the crystals of Paramecium bursaria, a ciliate, associated with and without the endosymbiotic Chlorella variabilis, we investigated the isolated crystals using a light microscope and analyzed their length and solubility. A negligible number of crystals was found in P. bursaria cells harboring symbiotic algae. The average crystal length in alga-free and algae-reduced cells was about 6.8 μm and 14.4 μm, respectively. The crystals of alga-free cells were spherical, whereas those of algae-reduced cells were angular in shape. The crystals of alga-free cells immediately dissolved in acids and bases, but not in water or organic solvents, and were stable at - 20 °C for more than 3 weeks. This study, for the first time, reveals that the characteristics of crystals present in the cytoplasm of P. bursaria vary greatly depending on the amount of symbiotic algae.},
}

*Chlorella/chemistry/metabolism
*Paramecium/metabolism
*Symbiosis
Crystallization
Cytoplasm/chemistry

@article {pmid39003030,
year = {2024},
author = {Park, Y and Kim, W and Cha, Y and Kim, M and Park, W},
title = {Alleviation of H2O2 toxicity by extracellular catalases in the phycosphere of Microcystis aeruginosa.},
journal = {Harmful algae},
volume = {137},
number = {},
pages = {102680},
doi = {10.1016/j.hal.2024.102680},
pmid = {39003030},
issn = {1878-1470},
mesh = {*Hydrogen Peroxide/metabolism ; *Microcystis/genetics ; *Catalase/metabolism/genetics ; *Bacterial Proteins/metabolism/genetics ; },
abstract = {High levels of environmental H2O2 represent a threat to many freshwater bacterial species, including toxic-bloom-forming Microcystis aeruginosa, particularly under high-intensity light conditions. The highest extracellular catalase activity-possessing Pseudoduganella aquatica HC52 was chosen among 36 culturable symbiotic isolates from the phycosphere in freshly collected M. aeruginosa cells. A zymogram for catalase activity revealed the presence of only one extracellular catalase despite the four putative catalase genes (katA1, katA2, katE, and srpA) identified in the newly sequenced genome (∼6.8 Mb) of P. aquatica HC52. Analysis of secreted catalase using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was identified as KatA1, which lacks a typical signal peptide, although the underlying mechanism for its secretion is unknown. The expression of secreted KatA1 appeared to be induced in the presence of H2O2. Proteomic analysis also confirmed the presence of KatA1 inside the outer membrane vesicles secreted by P. aquatica HC52 following exposure to H2O2. High light intensities (> 100 µmol m[-2] s[-1]) are known to kill catalase-less axenic M. aeruginosa cells, but the present study found that the presence of P. aquatica cells supported the growth of M. aeruginosa, while the extracellular catalases in supernatant or purified form also sustained the growth of M. aeruginosa under the same conditions. Our results suggest that the extracellular catalase secreted by P. aquatica HC52 enhances the tolerance of M. aeruginosa to H2O2, thus promoting the formation of M. aeruginosa blooms under high light intensities.},
}

*Hydrogen Peroxide/metabolism
*Microcystis/genetics
*Catalase/metabolism/genetics
*Bacterial Proteins/metabolism/genetics

@article {pmid39003022,
year = {2024},
author = {Li, R and Deng, Y and Shang, L and Liu, Y and Tao, Z and Chai, Z and Tang, YZ},
title = {Evidence for the production of asexual resting cysts in a free-living species of Symbiodiniaceae (Dinophyceae).},
journal = {Harmful algae},
volume = {137},
number = {},
pages = {102658},
doi = {10.1016/j.hal.2024.102658},
pmid = {39003022},
issn = {1878-1470},
mesh = {*Dinoflagellida/physiology/genetics/classification ; Reproduction, Asexual ; Geologic Sediments ; Phylogeny ; Coral Reefs ; },
abstract = {Coral reef ecosystems are the most productive and biodiverse marine ecosystems, with their productivity levels highly dependent on the symbiotic dinoflagellates belonging to the family Symbiodiniaceae. As a unique life history strategy, resting cyst production is of great significance in the ecology of many dinoflagellate species, those HABs-causing species in particular, however, there has been no confirmative evidence for the resting cyst production in any species of the family Symbiodiniaceae. Based on morphological and life history observations of cultures in the laboratory and morpho-molecular detections of cysts from the marine sediments via fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), cyst photography, and subsequent singe-cyst PCR sequencing, here we provide evidences for the asexual production of resting cysts by Effrenium voratum, the free-living, red tide-forming, and the type species of the genus Effrenium in Symbiodiniaceae. The evidences from the marine sediments were obtained through a sequential detections: Firstly, E. voratum amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) were detected in the cyst assemblages that were concentrated with the sodium polytungstate (SPT) method from the sediments collected from different regions of China Seas by high-throughput next generation sequencing (NGS); Secondly, the presence of E. voratum in the sediments was detected by PCR using the species-specific primers for the DNA directly extracted from sediment; Thirdly, E. voratum cysts were confirmed by a combined approach of FISH using the species-specific probes, light microscopic (LM) photography of the FISH-positive cysts, and a subsequent single-cyst PCR sequencing for the FISH-positive and photographed cysts. The evidences from the laboratory-reared clonal cultures of E. voratum include that: 1) numerous cysts formed in the two clonal cultures and exhibited a spherical shape, a smooth surface, absence of ornaments, and a large red accumulation body; 2) cysts could maintain morphologically intact for a storage of two weeks to six months at 4 °C in darkness and of which 76-92 % successfully germinated through an internal development processes within a time period of 3-21 days after being transferred back to the normal culturing conditions; 3) two or four germlings were released from each cyst through the cryptopylic archeopyle in all cysts with continuous observations of germination processes; and 4) while neither sexual mating of gametes nor planozygote (cells with two longitudinal flagella) were observed, the haploidy of cysts was proven with flow cytometric measurements and direct LM measurements of fluorescence from cells stained with either propidium iodide (PI) or DAPI, which together suggest that the cysts were formed asexually. All evidences led to a conclusion that E. voratum is capable of producing asexual resting cysts, although its sexuality cannot be completely excluded, which guarantees a more intensive investigation. This work fills a gap in the knowledge about the life cycle, particularly the potential of resting cyst formation, of the species in Symbiodiniaceae, a group of dinoflagellates having unique life forms and vital significance in the ecology of coral reefs, and may provide novel insights into understanding the recovery mechanisms of coral reefs destructed by the global climate change and suggest various forms of resting cysts in the cyst assemblages of dinoflagellates observed in the field sediments, including HABs-causing species.},
}

*Dinoflagellida/physiology/genetics/classification
Reproduction, Asexual
Geologic Sediments
Phylogeny
Coral Reefs

@article {pmid39002459,
year = {2024},
author = {Yu, Q and Chen, J and Ye, M and Wei, Y and Zhang, C and Ge, Y},
title = {N-acyl homoserine lactones (AHLs) enhanced removal of cadmium and other pollutants by algae-bacteria consortia.},
journal = {Journal of environmental management},
volume = {366},
number = {},
pages = {121792},
doi = {10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.121792},
pmid = {39002459},
issn = {1095-8630},
abstract = {Signal transduction is an important mode of algae-bacteria interaction, in which bacterial quorum sensing (QS) may affect microalgal growth and metabolism. Currently, little is known whether acyl homoserine lactones (AHLs) released by bacteria can affect the pollutant removal by algae-bacteria consortia (ABC). In this study, we constructed ABC using Chlorella vulgaris (Cv) with two AHLs-producing bacteria and investigated their performance in the removal of multiple pollutants, including chemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen (TN), phosphorus (P), and cadmium (Cd). The AHLs-producing bacteria, namely Agrobacterium sp. (Ap) and Ensifer adherens (Ea), were capable of forming a symbiosis with C. vulgaris. Consortia of Cv and Ap with ratio of 2:1 (Cv2-Ap1) showed the optimal growth promotion and higher removal of Cd, COD, TN, and P compared to the C. vulgaris monoculture. Cv2-Ap1 ABC removed 36.1-47.5% of Cd, 94.5%-94.6% COD, 37.1%-56.0% TN, and 90.4%-93.5% P from the culture medium. In addition, increase of intracellular neutral lipids and extracellular protein, as well as the types of functional groups on cell surface contributed to Cd removal and tolerance in the Cv2-Ap1 ABC. Six AHLs were detected in the Cv2-Ap1 culture. Among these, 3OC8-HSL and 3OC12-HSL additions promoted the ABC growth and enhanced their Cd accumulation. These findings may contribute to further understanding of AHL-mediated communication between algae and bacteria and provide support bioremediation efforts of metal-containing wastewater.},
}

@article {pmid39006488,
year = {2020},
author = {Smith, J and Yeluripati, J and Smith, P and Nayak, DR},
title = {Potential yield challenges to scale-up of zero budget natural farming.},
journal = {Nature sustainability},
volume = {3},
number = {},
pages = {247-252},
pmid = {39006488},
issn = {2398-9629},
abstract = {Under current trends, 60% of India's population (>10% of people on Earth) will experience severe food deficiencies by 2050. Increased production is urgently needed, but high costs and volatile prices are driving farmers into debt. Zero budget natural farming (ZBNF) is a grassroots movement that aims to improve farm viability by reducing costs. In Andhra Pradesh alone, 523,000 farmers have converted 13% of productive agricultural area to ZBNF. However, sustainability of ZBNF is questioned because external nutrient inputs are limited, which could cause a crash in food production. Here, we show that ZBNF is likely to reduce soil degradation and could provide yield benefits for low-input farmers. Nitrogen fixation, either by free-living nitrogen fixers in soil or symbiotic nitrogen fixers in legumes, is likely to provide the major portion of nitrogen available to crops. However, even with maximum potential nitrogen fixation and release, only 52-80% of the national average nitrogen applied as fertilizer is expected to be supplied. Therefore, in higher-input systems, yield penalties are likely. Since biological fixation from the atmosphere is possible only with nitrogen, ZBNF could limit the supply of other nutrients. Further research is needed in higher-input systems to ensure that mass conversion to ZBNF does not limit India's capacity to feed itself.},
}

@article {pmid39001714,
year = {2024},
author = {Williams, TA and Davin, AA and Szánthó, LL and Stamatakis, A and Wahl, NA and Woodcroft, BJ and Soo, RM and Eme, L and Sheridan, PO and Gubry-Rangin, C and Spang, A and Hugenholtz, P and Szöllősi, GJ},
title = {Phylogenetic reconciliation: making the most of genomes to understand microbial ecology and evolution.},
journal = {The ISME journal},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/ismejo/wrae129},
pmid = {39001714},
issn = {1751-7370},
abstract = {In recent years, phylogenetic reconciliation has emerged as a promising approach for studying microbial ecology and evolution. The core idea is to model how gene trees evolve along a species tree, and to explain differences between them via evolutionary events including gene duplications, transfers, and losses. Here, we describe how phylogenetic reconciliation provides a natural framework for studying genome evolution, and highlight recent applications including ancestral gene content inference, the rooting of species trees, and the insights into metabolic evolution and ecological transitions they yield. Reconciliation analyses have elucidated the evolution of diverse microbial lineages, from Chlamydiae to Asgard archaea, shedding light on ecological adaptation, host-microbe interactions, and symbiotic relationships. However, there are many opportunities for broader application of the approach in microbiology. Continuing improvements to make reconciliation models more realistic and scalable, and integration of ecological metadata such as habitat, pH, temperature and oxygen use, offer enormous potential for understanding the rich tapestry of microbial life.},
}

@article {pmid39000497,
year = {2024},
author = {Kozlova, AP and Muntyan, VS and Vladimirova, ME and Saksaganskaia, AS and Kabilov, MR and Gorbunova, MK and Gorshkov, AN and Grudinin, MP and Simarov, BV and Roumiantseva, ML},
title = {Soil Giant Phage: Genome and Biological Characteristics of Sinorhizobium Jumbo Phage.},
journal = {International journal of molecular sciences},
volume = {25},
number = {13},
pages = {},
pmid = {39000497},
issn = {1422-0067},
support = {24-26-00274//RSF/ ; },
mesh = {*Genome, Viral ; *Bacteriophages/genetics/isolation & purification/classification/physiology ; *Phylogeny ; *Sinorhizobium/genetics/virology/physiology ; *Soil Microbiology ; Open Reading Frames ; },
abstract = {This paper presents the first in-depth research on the biological and genomic properties of lytic rhizobiophage AP-J-162 isolated from the soils of the mountainous region of Dagestan (North Caucasus), which belongs to the centers of origin of cultivated plants, according to Vavilov N.I. The rhizobiophage host strains are nitrogen-fixing bacteria of the genus Sinorhizobium spp., symbionts of leguminous forage grasses. The phage particles have a myovirus virion structure. The genome of rhizobiophage AP-J-162 is double-stranded DNA of 471.5 kb in length; 711 ORFs are annotated and 41 types of tRNAs are detected. The closest phylogenetic relative of phage AP-J-162 is Agrobacterium phage Atu-ph07, but no rhizobiophages are known. The replicative machinery, capsid, and baseplate proteins of phage AP-J-162 are structurally similar to those of Escherichia phage T4, but there is no similarity between their tail protein subunits. Amino acid sequence analysis shows that 339 of the ORFs encode hypothetical or functionally relevant products, while the remaining 304 ORFs are unique. Additionally, 153 ORFs are similar to those of Atu_ph07, with one-third of the ORFs encoding different enzymes. The biological properties and genomic characteristics of phage AP-J-162 distinguish it as a unique model for exploring phage-microbe interactions with nitrogen-fixing symbiotic microorganisms.},
}

*Genome, Viral
*Bacteriophages/genetics/isolation & purification/classification/physiology
*Phylogeny
*Sinorhizobium/genetics/virology/physiology
*Soil Microbiology
Open Reading Frames

@article {pmid39000176,
year = {2024},
author = {Daminova, AG and Leksin, IY and Khabibrakhmanova, VR and Gurjanov, OP and Galeeva, EI and Trifonova, TV and Khamatgalimov, AR and Beckett, RP and Minibayeva, FV},
title = {The Roles of the Anthraquinone Parietin in the Tolerance to Desiccation of the Lichen Xanthoria parietina: Physiology and Anatomy of the Pale and Bright-Orange Thalli.},
journal = {International journal of molecular sciences},
volume = {25},
number = {13},
pages = {},
pmid = {39000176},
issn = {1422-0067},
support = {23-14-00327//Russian Science Foundation/ ; },
mesh = {*Lichens/metabolism ; *Desiccation ; Emodin/analogs & derivatives/metabolism ; Anthraquinones/metabolism/chemistry ; },
abstract = {Lichens are symbiotic organisms that effectively survive in harsh environments, including arid regions. Maintaining viability with an almost complete loss of water and the rapid restoration of metabolism during rehydration distinguishes lichens from most eukaryotic organisms. The lichen Xanthoria parietina is known to have high stress tolerance, possessing diverse defense mechanisms, including the presence of the bright-orange pigment parietin. While several studies have demonstrated the photoprotective and antioxidant properties of this anthraquinone, the role of parietin in the tolerance of lichens to desiccation is not clear yet. Thalli, which are exposed to solar radiation and become bright orange, may require enhanced desiccation tolerance. Here, we showed differences in the anatomy of naturally pale and bright-orange thalli of X. parietina and visualized parietin crystals on the surface of the upper cortex. Parietin was extracted from bright-orange thalli by acetone rinsing and quantified using HPLC. Although acetone rinsing did not affect PSII activity, thalli without parietin had higher levels of lipid peroxidation and a lower membrane stability index in response to desiccation. Furthermore, highly pigmented thalli possess thicker cell walls and, according to thermogravimetric analysis, higher water-holding capacities than pale thalli. Thus, parietin may play a role in desiccation tolerance by stabilizing mycobiont membranes, providing an antioxidative defense, and changing the morphology of the upper cortex of X. parietina.},
}

*Lichens/metabolism
*Desiccation
Emodin/analogs & derivatives/metabolism
Anthraquinones/metabolism/chemistry

@article {pmid39000087,
year = {2024},
author = {Dong, M and He, J and Tang, X and Liu, S and Xing, J and Chen, X and Chen, L and Li, Y and Sun, H},
title = {Genome-Wide Identification of the Sulfate Transporters Gene Family in Blueberry (Vaccinium spp.) and Its Response to Ericoid Mycorrhizal Fungi.},
journal = {International journal of molecular sciences},
volume = {25},
number = {13},
pages = {},
pmid = {39000087},
issn = {1422-0067},
support = {20220508099RC//Jilin Province Science and Technology Department/ ; 2023C035-4//Jilin Province Development and Reform Commission/ ; 202205AF150029//Yunnan Province Science and Technology Talents and Platform Plan (Academician Expert Work-station)/ ; },
mesh = {*Mycorrhizae/genetics ; *Blueberry Plants/genetics/microbiology/metabolism ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; *Sulfate Transporters/genetics/metabolism ; *Plant Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; *Phylogeny ; Multigene Family ; Sulfates/metabolism ; Symbiosis/genetics ; Genome, Plant ; },
abstract = {Sulfur metabolism plays a major role in plant growth and development, environmental adaptation, and material synthesis, and the sulfate transporters are the beginning of sulfur metabolism. We identified 37 potential VcSULTR genes in the blueberry genome, encoding peptides with 534 to 766 amino acids. The genes were grouped into four subfamilies in an evolutionary analysis. The 37 putative VcSULTR proteins ranged in size from 60.03 to 83.87 kDa. These proteins were predicted to be hydrophobic and mostly localize to the plasma membrane. The VcSULTR genes were distributed on 30 chromosomes; VcSULTR3;5b and VcSULTR3;5c were the only tandemly repeated genes. The VcSULTR promoters contained cis-acting elements related to the fungal symbiosis and stress responses. The transcript levels of the VcSULTRs differed among blueberry organs and changed in response to ericoid mycorrhizal fungi and sulfate treatments. A subcellular localization analysis showed that VcSULTR2;1c localized to, and functioned in, the plasma membrane and chloroplast. The virus-induced gene knock-down of VcSULTR2;1c resulted in a significantly decreased endogenous sulfate content, and an up-regulation of genes encoding key enzymes in sulfur metabolism (VcATPS2 and VcSiR1). These findings enhance our understanding of mycorrhizal-fungi-mediated sulfate transport in blueberry, and lay the foundation for further research on blueberry-mycorrhizal symbiosis.},
}

*Mycorrhizae/genetics
*Blueberry Plants/genetics/microbiology/metabolism
*Gene Expression Regulation, Plant
*Sulfate Transporters/genetics/metabolism
*Plant Proteins/genetics/metabolism
*Phylogeny
Multigene Family
Sulfates/metabolism
Symbiosis/genetics
Genome, Plant

@article {pmid38999609,
year = {2024},
author = {Markova, O and Garipova, S and Chistoedova, A and Matyunina, V and Lubyanova, A and Lastochkina, O and Garipov, A and Shpirnaya, I and Pusenkova, L},
title = {Predicting Field Effectiveness of Endophytic Bacillus subtilis Inoculants for Common Bean Using Morphometric and Biochemical Markers.},
journal = {Plants (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {13},
number = {13},
pages = {},
pmid = {38999609},
issn = {2223-7747},
support = {23-24-00602//Russian Science Foundation/ ; },
abstract = {According to four field experiments, after the inoculation of Phaseolus vulgaris L. cultivar Ufimskaya with the commercial strain Bacillus subtilis 26D and the promising strain B. subtilis 10-4, it was found that inoculation with B. subtilis 10-4 improved seed productivity (SP) by 31-41% per plant, but only in dry years. In contrast, all 4 years of inoculation with B. subtilis 26D were ineffective or neutral. It was intended to determine the growing and biochemical characteristics of inoculated 7-day-old plants, which correlate with the field SP of bacterial preparations. The SP of inoculated plants (average of 4 years) correlated with root length (0.83), MDA content (-0.98), and catalase (CAT) activity in roots (-0.96) of week-old seedlings. High correlation coefficients between the H2O2 content in the roots and SP (0.89 and 0.77), as well as between the H2O2 content in shoots and SP (0.98 and 0.56), were observed only in two dry years, when the influence of bacteria was detected. These physiological indicators were identified as potential markers for predicting the effectiveness of the endophytic symbiosis between bean plants and B. subtilis strains. The findings may be used to develop effective microbial-based, eco-friendly technologies for bean production.},
}

@article {pmid38998667,
year = {2024},
author = {Morales, D and de la Fuente-Nieto, L and Marco, P and Tejedor-Calvo, E},
title = {Elaboration and Characterization of Novel Kombucha Drinks Based on Truffles (Tuber melanosporum and Tuber aestivum) with Interesting Aromatic and Compositional Profiles.},
journal = {Foods (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {13},
number = {13},
pages = {},
pmid = {38998667},
issn = {2304-8158},
support = {"Mejora de la Eficiencia de la Producción y la Innovación Agroalimentaria de la Trufa en la Pro-vincia de Zaragoza"//Diputación Provincial de Zaragoza (DPZ)/ ; JDC2022-048252-I//MICIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and European Union NextGenerationEU/PRTR/ ; },
abstract = {The organoleptic and bioactive properties of truffles place these fungi as interesting materials for use in the of design functional foods based on fruiting bodies outside commercial standards. Moreover, kombucha beverages have become more popular in the Western world, leading to novel drinks using alternative substrates instead of tea leaves. In this work, two truffle species (Tuber melanosporum, TMEL; Tuber aestivum, TAES) and three different symbiotic consortia of bacteria and yeasts (SCOBYs: SC1, SC2, and SC3) were tested. Fermentation (21 days) was monitored in terms of physicochemical (pH, viscosity), biochemical (total carbohydrates, alcohol, soluble proteins, phenolic compounds), and sensory attributes (volatile organic compounds, VOCs). The obtained pH ranges were adequate, alcohol levels were undetectable or very low, and sugar content was lower than in traditional kombuchas or other beverages. In most cases, the usual bottling time could be applied (7-10 days), although longer fermentations are recommended (14 days) to reach higher protein and phenolic compounds contents. Truffle kombuchas produced up to 51 volatile organic compounds (alcohols, acids, esters, ketones, and aldehydes, among others), with TMEL showing a more complex profile than TAES. During the first week, acidic compound production was observed, especially acetic acid. Similar behavior in the VOC profile was reported with different SCOBYs.},
}

@article {pmid38998500,
year = {2024},
author = {Wu, D and Hao, L and Liu, X and Li, X and Zhao, G},
title = {The Anti-Biofilm Properties of Phloretin and Its Analogs against Porphyromonas gingivalis and Its Complex Flora.},
journal = {Foods (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {13},
number = {13},
pages = {},
pmid = {38998500},
issn = {2304-8158},
support = {21978101//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 22278159//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; },
abstract = {Porphyromonas gingivalis is crucial for the pathogenesis of periodontitis. This research investigated the effects of the fruit-derived flavonoid phloretin and its analogs on the growth of pure P. gingivalis and the flora of P. gingivalis mixed with the symbiotic oral pathogens Fusobacterium nucleatum and Streptococcus mitis. The results showed that the tested flavonoids had little effect on the biofilm amount of pure P. gingivalis, but significantly reduced the biofilm amount of mixed flora to 83.6~89.1%. Biofilm viability decreased to 86.7~92.8% in both the pure- and mixed-bacterial groups after naringenin and phloretin treatments. SEM showed that phloretin and phlorizin displayed a similar and remarkable destructive effect on P. gingivalis and the mixed biofilms. Transcriptome analysis confirmed that biofilm formation was inhibited by these flavonoids, and phloretin significantly regulated the transcription of quorum sensing. Phlorizin and phloretin reduced AI-2 activity to 45.9% and 55.4%, respectively, independent of the regulation of related gene transcription. This research marks the first finding that these flavonoids possess anti-biofilm properties against P. gingivalis and its intricate bacterial community, and the observed performance variations, driven by structural differences, underscore the existence of intriguing structure-activity relationships.},
}

@article {pmid38997041,
year = {2024},
author = {Xu, C and Zhao, X and Duan, H and Gu, W and Zhang, D and Wang, R and Lu, X},
title = {Synergistic enzymatic mechanism of lepidolite leaching enhanced by a mixture of Bacillus mucilaginosus and Bacillus circulans.},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {174711},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174711},
pmid = {38997041},
issn = {1879-1026},
abstract = {Numerous studies have demonstrated that the co-leaching of ores by different silicate bacteria significantly improves the performance of bioleaching systems. Nevertheless, the mechanism of different silicate bacteria synergistically or complementarily enhanced the leaching process of lithium-containing silicate remains unclear. This study discussed the leaching impact of the combined presence of two metabolically distinct silicate bacteria on lepidolite, with the aim of comprehending the synergistic effect resulting from the presence of Bacillus mucilaginosus and Bacillus circulans in the leaching process. The results indicated that the polysaccharides and proteins secreted by bacteria-containing functional groups such as -OH and -COOH, which played an important role in the complex decomposition of ores. Organic acids played the role of acid etching and complexation. Bacillus mucilaginosus and Bacillus circulans exhibited low individual leaching efficiency, primarily due to their weak organic acid secretion. Moreover, the prolific polysaccharide production by Bacillus mucilaginosus led to bacterial aggregation, diminishing contact capability with minerals. Bacillus circulans decomposed the excessive polysaccharides produced by Bacillus mucilaginosus through enzymatic hydrolysis in the co-bioleaching process, providing later nutrient supply for both strains. The symbiosis of the two strains enhanced the synthesis and metabolic capabilities of both strains, resulting in increased organic acid secretion. In addition, protein and humic acid production by Bacillus mucilaginosus intensified, collectively enhancing the leaching efficiency. These findings suggested that the primary metabolic products secreted by different bacterial strains in the leaching process differ. The improvement in bioleaching efficiency during co-leaching was attributed to their effective synergistic metabolism. This work contributes to the construction of an efficient engineering microbial community to improve the efficiency of silicate mineral leaching, and reveals the feasibility of microbial co-culture to improve bioleaching.},
}

@article {pmid38996605,
year = {2024},
author = {Qian, F and Liu, Y and He, L and Dong, Z and Chen, M and Liu, W},
title = {Metagenomic insights into microbial metabolic mechanisms of a combined solid-phase denitrification and anammox process for nitrogen removal in mainstream wastewater treatment.},
journal = {Journal of environmental management},
volume = {366},
number = {},
pages = {121797},
doi = {10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.121797},
pmid = {38996605},
issn = {1095-8630},
abstract = {To overcome the significant challenges associated with nitrite supply and nitrate residues in mainstream anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox)-based processes, this study developed a combined solid-phase denitrification (SPD) and anammox process for low-strength nitrogen removal without the addition of nitrite. The SPD step was performed in a packed-bed reactor containing poly-3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hyroxyvelate (PHBV) prior to employing the anammox granular sludge reactor in the continuous-flow mode. The removal efficiency of total inorganic nitrogen reached 95.7 ± 1.2% under a nitrogen loading rate of 0.18 ± 0.01 kg N·m[3]·d[-1], and it required 1.02 mol of nitrate to remove 1 mol of ammonium nitrogen. The PHBV particles not only served as biofilm carriers for the symbiosis of hydrolytic bacteria (HB) and denitrifying bacteria (DB), but also carbon sources that facilitated the coupling of partial denitrification and anammox in the granules. Metagenomic sequencing analysis indicated that Burkholderiales was the most abundant HB genus in SPD. The metabolic correlations between DB (Betaproteobacteria, Rhodocyclaceae, and Anaerolineae) and anammox bacteria (Candidatus Brocadiac and Kuenenia) in the granules were confirmed through microbial co-occurrence networks analysis and functional gene annotations. Additionally, the genes encoding nitrate reductase (Nap) and nitrite reductase (Nir) in DB primarily facilitated nitrate reduction, thereby supplying nitric oxide to anammox bacteria for subsequent nitrogen removal with hydrazine synthase (Hzs) and hydrazine dehydrogenase (Hdh). The findings provide insights into microbial metabolism within combined SPD and anammox processes, thus advancing the development of mainstream anammox-based processes in engineering applications.},
}

@article {pmid38995042,
year = {2024},
author = {da Silva, AF and Machado, LC and da Silva, LMI and Dezordi, FZ and Wallau, GL},
title = {Highly divergent and diverse viral community infecting sylvatic mosquitoes from Northeast Brazil.},
journal = {Journal of virology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e0008324},
doi = {10.1128/jvi.00083-24},
pmid = {38995042},
issn = {1098-5514},
abstract = {UNLABELLED: Mosquitoes can transmit several pathogenic viruses to humans, but their natural viral community is also composed of a myriad of other viruses such as insect-specific viruses (ISVs) and those that infect symbiotic microorganisms. Besides a growing number of studies investigating the mosquito virome, the majority are focused on few urban species, and relatively little is known about the virome of sylvatic mosquitoes, particularly in high biodiverse biomes such as the Brazilian biomes. Here, we characterized the RNA virome of 10 sylvatic mosquito species from Atlantic forest remains at a sylvatic-urban interface in Northeast Brazil employing a metatranscriptomic approach. A total of 16 viral families were detected. The phylogenetic reconstructions of 14 viral families revealed that the majority of the sequences are putative ISVs. The phylogenetic positioning and, in most cases, the association with a high RNA-dependent RNA polymerase amino acid divergence from other known viruses suggests that the viruses characterized here represent at least 34 new viral species. Therefore, the sylvatic mosquito viral community is predominantly composed of highly divergent viruses highlighting the limited knowledge we still have about the natural virome of mosquitoes in general. Moreover, we found that none of the viruses recovered were shared between the species investigated, and only one showed high identity to a virus detected in a mosquito sampled in Peru, South America. These findings add further in-depth understanding about the interactions and coevolution between mosquitoes and viruses in natural environments.

IMPORTANCE: Mosquitoes are medically important insects as they transmit pathogenic viruses to humans and animals during blood feeding. However, their natural microbiota is also composed of a diverse set of viruses that cause no harm to the insect and other hosts, such as insect-specific viruses. In this study, we characterized the RNA virome of sylvatic mosquitoes from Northeast Brazil using unbiased metatranscriptomic sequencing and in-depth bioinformatic approaches. Our analysis revealed that these mosquitoes species harbor a diverse set of highly divergent viruses, and the majority comprises new viral species. Our findings revealed many new virus lineages characterized for the first time broadening our understanding about the natural interaction between mosquitoes and viruses. Finally, it also provided several complete genomes that warrant further assessment for mosquito and vertebrate host pathogenicity and their potential interference with pathogenic arboviruses.},
}

@article {pmid38995034,
year = {2024},
author = {Jandl, B and Dighe, S and Gasche, C and Makristathis, A and Muttenthaler, M},
title = {Intestinal biofilms: pathophysiological relevance, host defense, and therapeutic opportunities.},
journal = {Clinical microbiology reviews},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e0013323},
doi = {10.1128/cmr.00133-23},
pmid = {38995034},
issn = {1098-6618},
abstract = {SUMMARYThe human intestinal tract harbors a profound variety of microorganisms that live in symbiosis with the host and each other. It is a complex and highly dynamic environment whose homeostasis directly relates to human health. Dysbiosis of the gut microbiota and polymicrobial biofilms have been associated with gastrointestinal diseases, including irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel diseases, and colorectal cancers. This review covers the molecular composition and organization of intestinal biofilms, mechanistic aspects of biofilm signaling networks for bacterial communication and behavior, and synergistic effects in polymicrobial biofilms. It further describes the clinical relevance and diseases associated with gut biofilms, the role of biofilms in antimicrobial resistance, and the intestinal host defense system and therapeutic strategies counteracting biofilms. Taken together, this review summarizes the latest knowledge and research on intestinal biofilms and their role in gut disorders and provides directions toward the development of biofilm-specific treatments.},
}

@article {pmid38994934,
year = {2024},
author = {Almalla, A and Alzain, N and Elomaa, L and Richter, F and Scholz, J and Lindner, M and Siegmund, B and Weinhart, M},
title = {Hydrogel-Integrated Millifluidic Systems: Advancing the Fabrication of Mucus-Producing Human Intestinal Models.},
journal = {Cells},
volume = {13},
number = {13},
pages = {},
pmid = {38994934},
issn = {2073-4409},
support = {431232613//Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) for CRC 1449/ ; 375876048//DFG CRC-TRR 241-B01 and Z02/ ; 50474582//DFG CRU 5023/ ; 372486779//DFG CRC 1340-B06/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *Mucus/metabolism ; *Hydrogels/chemistry ; Tissue Scaffolds/chemistry ; Intestinal Mucosa/metabolism ; HT29 Cells ; Models, Biological ; Stem Cells/metabolism/cytology ; Cell Differentiation/drug effects ; Printing, Three-Dimensional ; Tissue Engineering/methods ; },
abstract = {The luminal surface of the intestinal epithelium is protected by a vital mucus layer, which is essential for lubrication, hydration, and fostering symbiotic bacterial relationships. Replicating and studying this complex mucus structure in vitro presents considerable challenges. To address this, we developed a hydrogel-integrated millifluidic tissue chamber capable of applying precise apical shear stress to intestinal models cultured on flat or 3D structured hydrogel scaffolds with adjustable stiffness. The chamber is designed to accommodate nine hydrogel scaffolds, 3D-printed as flat disks with a storage modulus matching the physiological range of intestinal tissue stiffness (~3.7 kPa) from bioactive decellularized and methacrylated small intestinal submucosa (dSIS-MA). Computational fluid dynamics simulations were conducted to confirm a laminar flow profile for both flat and 3D villi-comprising scaffolds in the physiologically relevant regime. The system was initially validated with HT29-MTX seeded hydrogel scaffolds, demonstrating accelerated differentiation, increased mucus production, and enhanced 3D organization under shear stress. These characteristic intestinal tissue features are essential for advanced in vitro models as they critically contribute to a functional barrier. Subsequently, the chamber was challenged with human intestinal stem cells (ISCs) from the terminal ileum. Our findings indicate that biomimicking hydrogel scaffolds, in combination with physiological shear stress, promote multi-lineage differentiation, as evidenced by a gene and protein expression analysis of basic markers and the 3D structural organization of ISCs in the absence of chemical differentiation triggers. The quantitative analysis of the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and secreted mucus demonstrates the functional differentiation of the cells into enterocyte and goblet cell lineages. The millifluidic system, which has been developed and optimized for performance and cost efficiency, enables the creation and modulation of advanced intestinal models under biomimicking conditions, including tunable matrix stiffness and varying fluid shear stresses. Moreover, the readily accessible and scalable mucus-producing cellular tissue models permit comprehensive mucus analysis and the investigation of pathogen interactions and penetration, thereby offering the potential to advance our understanding of intestinal mucus in health and disease.},
}

Humans
*Mucus/metabolism
*Hydrogels/chemistry
Tissue Scaffolds/chemistry
Intestinal Mucosa/metabolism
HT29 Cells
Models, Biological
Stem Cells/metabolism/cytology
Cell Differentiation/drug effects
Printing, Three-Dimensional
Tissue Engineering/methods

@article {pmid38994870,
year = {2024},
author = {Heidari, H and Lawrence, DA},
title = {An integrative exploration of environmental stressors on the microbiome-gut-brain axis and immune mechanisms promoting neurological disorders.},
journal = {Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Part B, Critical reviews},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-31},
doi = {10.1080/10937404.2024.2378406},
pmid = {38994870},
issn = {1521-6950},
abstract = {The microbiome-gut-brain axis is altered by environmental stressors such as heat, diet, and pollutants as well as microbes in the air, water, and soil. These stressors might alter the host's microbiome and symbiotic relationship by modifying the microbial composition or location. Compartmentalized mutualistic microbes promote the beneficial interactions in the host leading to circulating metabolites and hormones such as insulin and leptin that affect inter-organ functions. Inflammation and oxidative stress induced by environmental stressors may alter the composition, distribution, and activities of the microbes in the microbiomes such that the resultant metabolite and hormone changes are no longer beneficial. The microbiome-gut-brain axis and immune adverse changes that may accompany environmental stressors are reviewed for effects on innate and adaptive immune cells, which may make host immunity less responsive to pathogens and more reactive to self-antigens. Cardiovascular and fluid exchanges to organs might adversely alter organ functionality. Organs, especially the brain, need a consistent supply of nutrients and clearance of debris; disruption of these exchanges by stressors, and involvement of gut microbiome are discussed regarding neural dysfunctions with Alzheimer's disease, autistic spectrum disorders, viral infections, and autoimmune diseases. The focus of this review includes the manner in which environmental stressors may disrupt gut microbiota leading to adverse immune and hormonal influences on development of neuropathology related to hyperhomocysteinemia, inflammation, and oxidative stress, and how certain therapeutics may be beneficial. Strategies are explored to lessen detrimental effects of environmental stressors on central and peripheral health navigated toward (1) understanding neurological disorders and (2) promoting environmental and public health and well-being.},
}

@article {pmid38994865,
year = {2024},
author = {Zeghina, I and El Ouar, I and Tartouga, MA and Mokhtari, MB and Elieh-Ali-Komi, D and Gali, L and Bensouici, C},
title = {GC-MS Profiling and Pharmacological Potential of Physconia venusta (Ach.) Poelt.},
journal = {Turkish journal of pharmaceutical sciences},
volume = {21},
number = {3},
pages = {243-251},
doi = {10.4274/tjps.galenos.2023.91126},
pmid = {38994865},
issn = {2148-6247},
abstract = {OBJECTIVES: Lichens are complex symbiotic organisms that generate various bioactive compounds with significant therapeutic value. We investigated the chemical composition and bioactivity of the acetone extract of the Algerian lichen Physconia venusta (Ach.) poet.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Phytochemical screening was performed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The antibacterial activity was assessed against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella enteritidis, Salmonella typhi, Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, and Bacillus subtilis using an agar diffusion test with the determination of the minimal inhibition concentration (MIC), while the antioxidant activity was determined using different chemical methods (DPPH, ABTS, CUPRAC, reducing power, superoxide anion scavenging, β-carotene bleaching, and metal chelate). In addition, cytotoxic activity was tested using Artemia salina (Brine shrimp) bioassay.

RESULTS: The studied extract exhibited intense antibacterial activity against E. coli and S. aureus with inhibition diameters of 28 ± 0.01 and 22 ± 0.01 mm, respectively, with a MIC value of 6.25 mg/mL and a selectivity index of 2.8. The obtained extract showed different antioxidant trends depending on the selected assay. GC-MS analysis revealed many secondary metabolites.

CONCLUSION: P. venusta, a type of lichen, is a potential source of bioactive substances that could be used in pharmaceuticals.},
}

@article {pmid38992783,
year = {2024},
author = {Klimov, PB and Hubert, J and Erban, T and Alejandra Perotti, M and Braig, HR and Flynt, A and He, Q and Cui, Y},
title = {Genomic and metagenomic analyses of the domestic mite Tyrophagus putrescentiae identify it as a widespread environmental contaminant and a host of a basal, mite-specific Wolbachia lineage (supergroup Q).},
journal = {International journal for parasitology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.ijpara.2024.07.001},
pmid = {38992783},
issn = {1879-0135},
abstract = {Tyrophagus putrescentiae (mould mite) is a global, microscopic trophic generalist that commonly occurs in various human-created habitats, causing allergies and damaging stored food. Its ubiquity and extraordinary ability to penetrate research samples or cultures through air currents or by active walking through tights spaces (such as treads of screw caps) may lead to sample contamination and introduction of its DNA to research materials in the laboratory. This prompts a thorough investigation into potential sequence contamination in public genomic databases. The trophic success of T. putrescentiae is primarily attributed to the symbiotic bacteria housed in specialized internal mite structures, facilitating adaptation to varied nutritional niches. However, recent work suggests that horizontal transfer of bacterial/fungal genes related to nutritional functionality may also contribute to the mite's trophic versatility. This aspect requires independent confirmation. Additionally, T. putrescentiae harbors an uncharacterized and genetically divergent bacterium, Wolbachia, displaying blocking and microbiome-modifying effects. The phylogenomic position and supergroup assignment of this bacterium are unknown. Here, we sequenced and assembled the T. putrescentiae genome, analyzed its microbiome, and performed detailed phylogenomic analyses of the mite-specific Wolbachia. We show that T. putrescentiae DNA is a substantial source of contamination of research samples. Its DNA may inadvertently be co-extracted with the DNA of the target organism, eventually leading to sequence contamination in public databases. We identified a diversity of bacterial species associated with T. putrescentiae, including those capable of rapidly developing antibiotic resistance, such as Escherichia coli. Despite the presence of diverse bacterial communities in T. putrescentiae, we did not detect any recent horizontal gene transfers in this mite species and/or in astigmatid (domestic) mites in general. Our phylogenomic analysis of Wolbachia recovered a basal, mite-specific lineage (supergroup Q) represented by two Wolbachia spp. from the mould mite and a gall-inducing plant mite. Fluorescence in situ hybridization confirmed the presence of Wolbachia inside the mould mite. The discovery of an early derivative Wolbachia lineage (supergroup Q) in two phylogenetically unrelated and ecologically dissimilar mites suggests that this endosymbiotic bacterial lineage formed a long-term association with mites. This finding provides a unique insight into the early evolution and host associations of Wolbachia. Further discoveries of Wolbachia diversity in acariform mites are anticipated.},
}

@article {pmid38992387,
year = {2024},
author = {Shang, X and Liu, X and Ma, X and Ren, W and Lin, C and He, M and Ouyang, W},
title = {Roles of soil minerals in the degradation of chlorpyrifos and its intermediate by microwave activated peroxymonosulfate.},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {174654},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174654},
pmid = {38992387},
issn = {1879-1026},
abstract = {Soil mineral is one of the important factors that affecting oxidant decomposition and pollutants degradation in soil remediation. In this study, the effects of iron minerals, manganese minerals and clay minerals on the degradation of chlorpyrifos (CPF) and its intermediate product 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCP) by microwave (MW) activated peroxymonosulfate (PMS) were investigated. As a result, the addition of minerals had slight inhibitory effect on the degradation efficiency of CPF by MW/PMS, but the degradation efficiency of TCP was improved by the addition of some specific minerals, including ferrihydrite, birnessite, and random symbiotic mineral of pyrolusite and ramsdellite (Pyr-Ram). The stronger MW absorption ability of minerals is beneficial for PMS decomposition, but the MW absorption ability of minerals cannot be fully utilized because of the weaker MW radiation intensity under constant temperature conditions. Through electron spin resonance test, quenching experiment and electrochemical experiment, electron transfer, SO4[-] and OH, SO4[-] dominated TCP degradation by MW/PMS with the addition of birnessite, Pyr-Ram and ferrihydrite, respectively. Besides, the adsorption effect of ferrihydrite also enhanced the removal of TCP. The redox of Mn (III)/Mn (IV) or Fe (II)/Fe (III) in manganese/iron minerals participated in the generation of reactive species. In addition, the addition of minerals not only increased the variety of alkyl hydroxylation products of CPF, causing different degradation pathways from CPF to TCP, but also further degraded TCP to dechlorination or hydroxylation products. This study demonstrated the synergistic effect of minerals and MW for PMS activation, provided new insights for the effects of soil properties on soil remediation by MW activated PMS technology.},
}

@article {pmid38992368,
year = {2024},
author = {Zhang, L and Ali, A and Su, J and Huang, T and Wang, Z},
title = {Ammonium nitrogen and phosphorus removal by bacterial-algal symbiotic dynamic sponge bioremediation system in micropolluted water: Operational mechanism and transformation pathways.},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
volume = {947},
number = {},
pages = {174636},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174636},
pmid = {38992368},
issn = {1879-1026},
abstract = {Construct a bacteria-algae symbiotic dynamic sponge bioremediation system to simultaneously remove multiple pollutants under micro-pollution conditions. The average removal efficiencies of NH4[+]-N, PO4[3-]-P, total nitrogen (TN), and Ca[2+] were 98.35, 78.74, 95.64, and 84.92 %, respectively. Comparative studies with Auxenochlorella sp. sponge and bacterial sponge bioremediation system confirmed that NH4[+]-N and TN were mainly removed by bacterial heterotrophic nitrification - aerobic denitrification (HN-AD). PO4[3-]-P was removed by algal assimilation and the generation of Ca3(PO4)2 and Ca5(PO4)3OH, and Ca[2+] was removed by algal electron transfer formation of precipitates and microbially induced calcium precipitation (MICP) by bacteria. Algae provided an aerobic environment for the bacterial HN-AD process through photosynthesis, while respiration produced CO2 and adsorbed Ca[2+] to promote the formation of calcium precipitates. Immobilization of Ca[2+] with microalgae via bacterial MICP helped to lift microalgal photoinhibition. The bioremediation system provides theoretical support for research on micropolluted water treatment while increasing phosphorus recovery pathways.},
}

@article {pmid38992018,
year = {2024},
author = {Ma, C and Wang, J and Gao, Y and Dong, X and Feng, H and Yang, M and Yu, Y and Liu, C and Wu, X and Qi, Z and Mur, LAJ and Magne, K and Zou, J and Hu, Z and Tian, Z and Su, C and Ratet, P and Chen, Q and Xin, D},
title = {The type III effector NopL interacts with GmREM1a and GmNFR5 to promote symbiosis in soybean.},
journal = {Nature communications},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {5852},
pmid = {38992018},
issn = {2041-1723},
mesh = {*Glycine max/microbiology/metabolism ; *Symbiosis ; *Plant Proteins/metabolism/genetics ; *Sinorhizobium fredii/metabolism/genetics ; *Bacterial Proteins/metabolism/genetics ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Signal Transduction ; Plant Root Nodulation/genetics ; Plants, Genetically Modified ; },
abstract = {The establishment of symbiotic interactions between leguminous plants and rhizobia requires complex cellular programming activated by Rhizobium Nod factors (NFs) as well as type III effector (T3E)-mediated symbiotic signaling. However, the mechanisms by which different signals jointly affect symbiosis are still unclear. Here we describe the mechanisms mediating the cross-talk between the broad host range rhizobia Sinorhizobium fredii HH103 T3E Nodulation Outer Protein L (NopL) effector and NF signaling in soybean. NopL physically interacts with the Glycine max Remorin 1a (GmREM1a) and the NFs receptor NFR5 (GmNFR5) and promotes GmNFR5 recruitment by GmREM1a. Furthermore, NopL and NF influence the expression of GmRINRK1, a receptor-like kinase (LRR-RLK) ortholog of the Lotus RINRK1, that mediates NF signaling. Taken together, our work indicates that S. fredii NopL can interact with the NF signaling cascade components to promote the symbiotic interaction in soybean.},
}

*Glycine max/microbiology/metabolism
*Symbiosis
*Plant Proteins/metabolism/genetics
*Sinorhizobium fredii/metabolism/genetics
*Bacterial Proteins/metabolism/genetics
*Gene Expression Regulation, Plant
Signal Transduction
Plant Root Nodulation/genetics
Plants, Genetically Modified

@article {pmid38991926,
year = {2024},
author = {Serrano, K and Tedeschi, F and Andersen, SU and Scheller, HV},
title = {Unraveling plant-microbe symbioses using single-cell and spatial transcriptomics.},
journal = {Trends in plant science},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.tplants.2024.06.008},
pmid = {38991926},
issn = {1878-4372},
abstract = {Plant-microbe symbioses require intense interaction and genetic coordination to successfully establish in specific cell types of the host and symbiont. Traditional RNA-seq methodologies lack the cellular resolution to fully capture these complexities, but single-cell and spatial transcriptomics (ST) are now allowing scientists to probe symbiotic interactions at an unprecedented level of detail. Here, we discuss the advantages that novel spatial and single-cell transcriptomic technologies provide in studying plant-microbe endosymbioses and highlight key recent studies. Finally, we consider the remaining limitations of applying these approaches to symbiosis research, which are mainly related to the simultaneous capture of both plant and microbial transcripts within the same cells.},
}

@article {pmid38991755,
year = {2024},
author = {van Leeuwen, FWB and Buckle, T and van Oosterom, MN and Rietbergen, DDD},
title = {The Rise of Molecular Image-Guided Robotic Surgery.},
journal = {Journal of nuclear medicine : official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.2967/jnumed.124.267783},
pmid = {38991755},
issn = {1535-5667},
abstract = {Following early acceptance by urologists, the use of surgical robotic platforms is rapidly spreading to other surgical fields. This empowerment of surgical perception via robotic advances occurs in parallel to developments in intraoperative molecular imaging. Convergence of these efforts creates a logical incentive to advance the decades-old image-guided robotics paradigm. This yields new radioguided surgery strategies set to optimally exploit the symbiosis between the growing clinical translation of robotics and molecular imaging. These strategies intend to advance surgical precision by increasing dexterity and optimizing surgical decision-making. In this state-of-the-art review, topic-related developments in chemistry (tracer development) and engineering (medical device development) are discussed, and future scientific robotic growth markets for molecular imaging are presented.},
}

@article {pmid38990171,
year = {2024},
author = {Dar, MA and Xie, R and Zabed, HM and Pawar, KD and Dhole, NP and Sun, J},
title = {Current paradigms and future challenges in harnessing gut bacterial symbionts of insects for biodegradation of plastic wastes.},
journal = {Insect science},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/1744-7917.13417},
pmid = {38990171},
issn = {1744-7917},
support = {32250410285//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 2023YFC3403600//National Key R&D Program of China/ ; WGXZ2023020L//Foreign Expert Program, Ministry of Science and Technology (MoST) of China/ ; },
abstract = {The ubiquitous incorporation of plastics into daily life, coupled with inefficient recycling practices, has resulted in the accumulation of millions of metric tons of plastic waste, that poses a serious threat to the Earth's sustainability. Plastic pollution, a global problem, disrupts the ecological balance and endangers various life forms. Efforts to combat plastic pollution are underway, with a promising avenue being biological degradation facilitated by certain insects and their symbiotic gut microorganisms, particularly bacteria. This review consolidates existing knowledge on plastic degradation by insects and their influence on gut microbiota. Additionally, it delves into the potential mechanisms employed by insects in symbiosis with gut bacteria, exploring the bioconversion of waste plastics into value-added biodegradable polymers through mineralization. These insights hold significant promise for the bio-upcycling of plastic waste, opening new horizons for future biomanufacturing of high-value chemicals from plastic-derived compounds. Finally, we weigh the pros and cons of future research endeavors related to the bioprospection of plastic-degrading bacteria from underexplored insect species. We also underscore the importance of bioengineering depolymerases with novel characteristics, aiming for their application in the remediation and valorization of waste plastics.},
}

@article {pmid38989851,
year = {2024},
author = {Stahlhut, KN and Neupert, DG and Laing, JE and Witt, LJ and Bauer, JT},
title = {Measuring leaf and root functional traits uncovers multidimensionality of plant responses to arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi.},
journal = {American journal of botany},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e16369},
doi = {10.1002/ajb2.16369},
pmid = {38989851},
issn = {1537-2197},
abstract = {PREMISE: While many studies have measured the aboveground responses of plants to mycorrhizal fungi at a single time point, little is known about how plants respond belowground or across time to mycorrhizal symbiosis. By measuring belowground responses and growth over time in many plant species, we create a more complete picture of how mycorrhizal fungi benefit their hosts.

METHODS: We grew 26 prairie plant species with and without mycorrhizal fungi and measured 14 functional traits to assess above- and belowground tissue quality and quantity responses and changes in resource allocation. We used function-valued trait (FVT) modeling to characterize changes in species growth rate when colonized.

RESULTS: While aboveground biomass responses were positive, the response of traits belowground were much more variable. Changes in aboveground biomass accounted for 60.8% of the variation in mycorrhizal responses, supporting the use of aboveground biomass response as the primary response trait. Responses belowground were not associated with aboveground responses and accounted for 18.3% of the variation. Growth responses over time were highly variable across species. Interestingly, none of the measured responses were phylogenetically conserved.

CONCLUSIONS: Mycorrhizal fungi increase plant growth in most scenarios, but the effects of these fungi belowground and across time are more complicated. This study highlights how differences in plant allocation priorities might affect how they utilize the benefits from mycorrhizal fungi. Identifying and characterizing these differences is a key step to understanding the effects of mycorrhizal mutualisms on whole plant physiology.},
}

@article {pmid38988135,
year = {2024},
author = {Mashini, AG and Oakley, CA and Peng, L and Grossman, AR and Weis, VM and Davy, SK},
title = {Proteomes of native and non-native symbionts reveal responses underpinning host-symbiont specificity in the cnidarian-dinoflagellate symbiosis.},
journal = {The ISME journal},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/ismejo/wrae122},
pmid = {38988135},
issn = {1751-7370},
abstract = {Cellular mechanisms responsible for the regulation of nutrient exchange, immune responses, and symbiont population growth in the cnidarian-dinoflagellate symbiosis are poorly resolved, particularly with respect to the dinoflagellate symbiont. Here, we characterised proteomic changes in the native symbiont Breviolum minutum during colonisation of its host sea anemone Exaiptasia diaphana ("Aiptasia"). We also compared the proteome of this native symbiont in the established symbiotic state with that of a non-native symbiont, Durusdinium trenchii. The onset of symbiosis between Aiptasia and Branchioglossum minutum increased accumulation of symbiont proteins associated with acquisition of inorganic carbon and photosynthesis, nitrogen metabolism, micro- and macronutrient starvation, suppression of host immune responses, tolerance to low pH, and management of oxidative stress. Such responses are consistent with a functional, persistent symbiosis. In contrast, D. trenchii predominantly showed elevated levels of immunosuppressive proteins, consistent with the view that this symbiont is an opportunist that forms a less beneficial, less well-integrated symbiosis with this model anemone. By adding symbiont analysis to the already known responses of the host proteome, our results provide a more holistic view of cellular processes that determine host-symbiont specificity and how differences in symbiont partners (i.e., native versus non-native symbionts) may impact the fitness of the cnidarian-dinoflagellate symbiosis.},
}

@article {pmid38987492,
year = {2024},
author = {Ng, MS and Soon, N and Afiq-Rosli, L and Kunning, I and Mana, RR and Chang, Y and Wainwright, BJ},
title = {Highly Diverse Symbiodiniaceae Types Hosted by Corals in a Global Hotspot of Marine Biodiversity.},
journal = {Microbial ecology},
volume = {87},
number = {1},
pages = {92},
pmid = {38987492},
issn = {1432-184X},
mesh = {*Anthozoa/microbiology ; Animals ; *Biodiversity ; *Dinoflagellida/genetics/classification/physiology ; *Symbiosis ; *Coral Reefs ; Papua New Guinea ; Phylogeny ; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing ; },
abstract = {Symbiotic dinoflagellates in the genus Symbiodiniaceae play vital roles in promoting resilience and increasing stress tolerance in their coral hosts. While much of the world's coral succumb to the stresses associated with increasingly severe and frequent thermal bleaching events, live coral cover in Papua New Guinea (PNG) remains some of the highest reported globally despite the historically warm waters surrounding the country. Yet, in spite of the high coral cover in PNG and the acknowledged roles Symbiodiniaceae play within their hosts, these communities have not been characterized in this global biodiversity hotspot. Using high-throughput sequencing of the ITS2 rDNA gene, we profiled the endosymbionts of four coral species, Diploastrea heliopora, Pachyseris speciosa, Pocillopora acuta, and Porites lutea, across six sites in PNG. Our findings reveal patterns of Cladocopium and Durusdinium dominance similar to other reefs in the Coral Triangle, albeit with much greater intra- and intergenomic variation. Host- and site-specific variations in Symbiodiniaceae type profiles were observed across collection sites, appearing to be driven by environmental conditions. Notably, the extensive intra- and intergenomic variation, coupled with many previously unreported sequences, highlight PNG as a potential hotspot of symbiont diversity. This work represents the first characterization of the coral-symbiont community structure in the PNG marine biodiversity hotspot, serving as a baseline for future studies.},
}

*Anthozoa/microbiology
Animals
*Biodiversity
*Dinoflagellida/genetics/classification/physiology
*Symbiosis
*Coral Reefs
Papua New Guinea
Phylogeny
High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing

@article {pmid38986400,
year = {2024},
author = {Fernández-Pereira, C and Leiva, C and Luna-Galiano, Y and Vilches, LF and Arroyo, F},
title = {Improved recycling of a gasification fly ash: An integrated waste management approach within the framework of a Circular Economy.},
journal = {Waste management (New York, N.Y.)},
volume = {187},
number = {},
pages = {31-38},
doi = {10.1016/j.wasman.2024.06.029},
pmid = {38986400},
issn = {1879-2456},
abstract = {A Circular Waste Management alternative is considered in this paper in which a complete ash valorization process is proposed for an Integrated Gasification with Combined Cycle fly ash, trying to extract maximum value from this waste before it is discarded. In the paper, germanium, a scarce resource vital in our modern society, is first extracted from fly ash using water, with an extraction yield of 85%, and subsequently, the leached fly ash is used in the manufacture of fire-resistant boards containing 60% ash, thereby avoiding its disposal in a landfill. The potential environmental impact caused by the two stages of the process was analyzed, and the final effluent was considered to achieve a zero-discharge objective. This paper contributes to the development of a more sustainable management alternative for an industrial waste produced in increased amounts and provides the basis for a symbiotic coupling relationship among various industrial sectors.},
}

@article {pmid38985862,
year = {2024},
author = {Hoffmann, G and Lukarska, M and Clare, RH and Masters, EKG and Johnston, KL and Ford, L and Turner, JD and Ward, SA and Taylor, MJ and Jensen, MR and Palencia, A},
title = {Targeting a microbiota Wolbachian aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase to block its pathogenic host.},
journal = {Science advances},
volume = {10},
number = {28},
pages = {eado1453},
pmid = {38985862},
issn = {2375-2548},
mesh = {*Wolbachia/drug effects ; Humans ; *Microbiota ; Animals ; Leucine-tRNA Ligase/metabolism/antagonists & inhibitors ; Amino Acyl-tRNA Synthetases/metabolism/antagonists & inhibitors ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Boron Compounds/pharmacology/chemistry ; Symbiosis ; Models, Molecular ; },
abstract = {The interplay between humans and their microbiome is crucial for various physiological processes, including nutrient absorption, immune defense, and maintaining homeostasis. Microbiome alterations can directly contribute to diseases or heighten their likelihood. This relationship extends beyond humans; microbiota play vital roles in other organisms, including eukaryotic pathogens causing severe diseases. Notably, Wolbachia, a bacterial microbiota, is essential for parasitic worms responsible for lymphatic filariasis and onchocerciasis, devastating human illnesses. Given the lack of rapid cures for these infections and the limitations of current treatments, new drugs are imperative. Here, we disrupt Wolbachia's symbiosis with pathogens using boron-based compounds targeting an unprecedented Wolbachia enzyme, leucyl-tRNA synthetase (LeuRS), effectively inhibiting its growth. Through a compound demonstrating anti-Wolbachia efficacy in infected cells, we use biophysical experiments and x-ray crystallography to elucidate the mechanism behind Wolbachia LeuRS inhibition. We reveal that these compounds form adenosine-based adducts inhibiting protein synthesis. Overall, our study underscores the potential of disrupting key microbiota to control infections.},
}

*Wolbachia/drug effects
Humans
*Microbiota
Animals
Leucine-tRNA Ligase/metabolism/antagonists & inhibitors
Amino Acyl-tRNA Synthetases/metabolism/antagonists & inhibitors
Crystallography, X-Ray
Boron Compounds/pharmacology/chemistry
Symbiosis
Models, Molecular

@article {pmid38984200,
year = {2024},
author = {Yuan, S and Leng, P and Feng, Y and Jin, F and Zhang, H and Zhang, C and Huang, Y and Shan, Z and Yang, Z and Hao, Q and Chen, S and Chen, L and Cao, D and Guo, W and Yang, H and Chen, H and Zhou, X},
title = {Comparative genomic and transcriptomic analyses provide new insight into symbiotic host specificity.},
journal = {iScience},
volume = {27},
number = {7},
pages = {110207},
pmid = {38984200},
issn = {2589-0042},
abstract = {Host specificity plays important roles in expanding the host range of rhizobia, while the genetic information responsible for host specificity remains largely unexplored. In this report, the roots of four symbiotic systems with notable different symbiotic phenotypes and the control were studied at four different post-inoculation time points by RNA sequencning (RNA-seq). The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were divided into "found only in soybean or Lotus," "only expressed in soybean or Lotus," and "expressed in both hosts" according to the comparative genomic analysis. The distributions of enriched function ontology (GO) terms and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways vary significantly in different symbiotic systems. Host specific genes account for the majority of the DEGs involved in response to stimulus, associated with plant-pathogen interaction pathways, and encoding resistance (R) proteins, the symbiotic nitrogen fixation (SNF) proteins and the target proteins in the SNF-related modules. Our findings provided molecular candidates for better understanding the mechanisms of symbiotic host-specificity.},
}

@article {pmid38984156,
year = {2024},
author = {Jibran, R and Tahir, J and Andre, CM and Janssen, BJ and Drummond, RSM and Albert, NW and Zhou, Y and Davies, KM and Snowden, KC},
title = {DWARF27 and CAROTENOID CLEAVAGE DIOXYGENASE 7 genes regulate release, germination and growth of gemma in Marchantia polymorpha.},
journal = {Frontiers in plant science},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1358745},
pmid = {38984156},
issn = {1664-462X},
abstract = {Strigolactones (SLs), a class of carotenoid-derived hormones, play a crucial role in flowering plants by regulating underground communication with symbiotic arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AM) and controlling shoot and root architecture. While the functions of core SL genes have been characterized in many plants, their roles in non-tracheophyte plants like liverworts require further investigation. In this study, we employed the model liverwort species Marchantia polymorpha, which lacks detectable SL production and orthologs of key SL biosynthetic genes, including CAROTENOID CLEAVAGE DIOXYGENASE 8 (CCD8) and MORE AXILLARY GROWTH 1 (MAX1). However, it retains some SL pathway components, including DWARF27 (D27) and CCD7. To help elucidate the function of these remaining components in M. polymorpha, knockout mutants were generated for MpD27-1, MpD27-2 and MpCCD7. Phenotypic comparisons of these mutants with the wild-type control revealed a novel role for these genes in regulating the release of gemmae from the gemma cup and the germination and growth of gemmae in the dark. Mpd27-1, Mpd27-2, and Mpccd7 mutants showed lower transcript abundance of genes involved in photosynthesis, such as EARLY LIGHT INDUCED (ELI), and stress responses such as LATE EMBRYOGENESIS ABUNDANT (LEA) but exhibited higher transcript levels of ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTORS (ERFs) and SL and carotenoid related genes, such as TERPENE SYNTHASE (TS), CCD7 and LECITHIN-RETINAL ACYL TRANSFERASE (LRAT). Furthermore, the mutants of M. polymorpha in the SL pathway exhibited increased contents of carotenoid. This unveils a previously unrecognized role for MpD27-1, MpD27-2 and MpCCD7 in controlling release, germination, and growth of gemmae in response to varying light conditions. These discoveries enhance our comprehension of the regulatory functions of SL biosynthesis genes in non-flowering plants.},
}

@article {pmid38982749,
year = {2024},
author = {Schrecengost, A and Rotterová, J and Poláková, K and Čepička, I and Beinart, RA},
title = {Divergent marine anaerobic ciliates harbor closely related Methanocorpusculum endosymbionts.},
journal = {The ISME journal},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/ismejo/wrae125},
pmid = {38982749},
issn = {1751-7370},
abstract = {Ciliates are a diverse group of protists known for their ability to establish various partnerships and thrive in a wide variety of oxygen-depleted environments. Most anaerobic ciliates harbor methanogens, one of the few known archaea living intracellularly. These methanogens increase the metabolic efficiency of host fermentation via syntrophic use of host end-product in methanogenesis. Despite the ubiquity of these symbioses in anoxic habitats, patterns of symbiont specificity and fidelity are not well known. We surveyed two unrelated, commonly found groups of anaerobic ciliates, the Plagiopylea and Metopida, isolated from anoxic marine sediments. We sequenced host 18S rRNA and symbiont 16S rRNA marker genes as well as the symbiont ITS region from our cultured ciliates to identify hosts and their associated methanogenic symbionts. We found that marine ciliates from both of these co-occurring, divergent groups harbor closely related yet distinct intracellular archaea within the Methanocorpusculum genus. The symbionts appear to be stable at the host species level, but at higher taxonomic levels, there is evidence that symbiont replacements have occurred. Gaining insight into this unique association will deepen our understanding of the complex transmission modes of marine microbial symbionts, and the mutualistic microbial interactions occurring across domains of life.},
}

@article {pmid38982472,
year = {2024},
author = {Boanyah, GY and Koekemoer, LL and Herren, JK and Bukhari, T},
title = {Effect of Microsporidia MB infection on the development and fitness of Anopheles arabiensis under different diet regimes.},
journal = {Parasites & vectors},
volume = {17},
number = {1},
pages = {294},
pmid = {38982472},
issn = {1756-3305},
support = {SYMBIOVECTOR Track A//Open Philanthropy/ ; SYMBIOVECTOR Track A//Open Philanthropy/ ; SYMBIOVECTOR Track A//Open Philanthropy/ ; INV0225840//Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation/ ; INV0225840//Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation/ ; INV0225840//Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation/ ; Ref Numbers SRUG2203311457//National Research Foundation of South Africa/ ; SMBV-FFT//Children's Investment Fund Foundation/ ; SMBV-FFT//Children's Investment Fund Foundation/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Anopheles/microbiology/physiology/parasitology ; Female ; *Larva/microbiology/growth & development ; *Microsporidia/physiology ; *Diet ; Symbiosis ; Mosquito Vectors/microbiology/physiology ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Microsporidia MB (MB) is a naturally occurring symbiont of Anopheles and has recently been identified as having a potential to inhibit the transmission of Plasmodium in mosquitoes. MB intensity is high in mosquito gonads, with no fitness consequences for the mosquito, and is linked to horizontal (sexual) and vertical (transovarial) transmission from one mosquito to another. Maximising MB intensity and transmission is important for maintaining heavily infected mosquito colonies for experiments and ultimately for mosquito releases. We have investigated how diet affects the MB-Anopheles arabiensis symbiosis phenotypes, such as larval development and mortality, adult size and survival, as well as MB intensity in both larvae and adults.

METHODS: F1 larvae of G0 females confirmed to be An. arabiensis and infected with MB were either combined (group lines [GLs]) or reared separately (isofemale lines [IMLs]) depending on the specific experiment. Four diet regimes (all mg/larva/day) were tested on F1 GLs: Tetramin 0.07, Tetramin 0.3, Gocat 0.3 and Cerelac 0.3. GLs reared on Tetramin 0.3 mg/larva/day were then fed either a 1% or 6% glucose diet to determine adult survival. Larvae of IMLs were fed Tetramin 0.07 mg and Tetramin 0.3 mg for larval experiments. The mosquitoes in the adult experiments with IMLs were reared on 1% or 6% glucose.

RESULTS: Amongst the four larval diet regimes tested on An. arabiensis development in the presence of MB, the fastest larval development highest adult emergence, largest body size of mosquitoes, highest prevalence and highest density of MB occurred in those fed Tetramin 0.3 mg/larva/day. Although adult MB-positive mosquitoes fed on 6% glucose survived longer than MB-negative mosquitoes, there was no such effect for those fed on the 1% glucose diet. Development time, wing length and adult survival were not significantly different between MB-infected and uninfected An. arabiensis fed on the Tetramin 0.07 mg/larva/day diet, demonstrating that the MB-conferred fitness advantage was diet-dependent.

CONCLUSIONS: Microsporidia MB does not adversely impact the development and fitness of An. arabiensis, even under limited dietary conditions. The diet regime of Tetramin 0.3 mg/larva/day + 6% glucose for adults is the superior diet for the mass rearing of MB-infected An. arabiensis mosquitoes. These results are important for rearing MB-infected An. arabiensis in the laboratory for experiments and the mass rearing required for field releases.},
}

Animals
*Anopheles/microbiology/physiology/parasitology
Female
*Larva/microbiology/growth & development
*Microsporidia/physiology
*Diet
Symbiosis
Mosquito Vectors/microbiology/physiology

@article {pmid38981617,
year = {2024},
author = {Hamada, R and Yonezawa, A and Matsumoto, K and Mitani, T and Takagi, T and Muto, A and Igarashi, K and Naito, Y and Higashimura, Y},
title = {BTB and CNC homology 1 deficiency disrupts intestinal IgA secretion through regulation of polymeric immunoglobulin receptor expression.},
journal = {American journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1152/ajpgi.00215.2023},
pmid = {38981617},
issn = {1522-1547},
support = {21K05471//MEXT | Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS)/ ; 24K08812//MEXT | Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS)/ ; 20K08292//MEXT | Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS)/ ; JPJ009842//Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF)/ ; JPMJPF2210//MEXT | JST | Co-creation place formation support program (COI-NEXT)/ ; },
abstract = {Immunoglobulin A (IgA)-mediated mucosal immunity is important for the host because it contributes to reducing infection risk and to establishing host-microbe symbiosis. BTB and CNC homology 1 (Bach1) is a transcriptional repressor with physiological and pathophysiological functions that are of particular interest for their relation to gastrointestinal diseases. However, Bach1 effects on IgA-mediated mucosal immunity remain unknown. For this study using Bach1-deficient (Bach1[-/-]) mice, we investigated the function of Bach1 in IgA-mediated mucosal immunity. Intestinal mucosa, feces, and plasma IgA were examined using immunosorbent assay. After cell suspensions were prepared from Peyer's patches and colonic lamina propria, they were examined using flow cytometry. The expression level of polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR), which plays an important role in the transepithelial transport of IgA, was evaluated using Western blotting, quantitative real-time PCR, and immunohistochemistry. Although no changes in the proportions of IgA-producing cells were observed, the amounts of IgA in the intestinal mucosa were increased in Bach1[-/-] mice. Furthermore, plasma IgA was increased in Bach1[-/-] mice, but fecal IgA was decreased, indicating that Bach1[-/-] mice have abnormal secretion of IgA into the intestinal lumen. In fact, Bach1 deficiency reduced pIgR expression in colonic mucosa at both the protein and mRNA levels. In the human intestinal epithelial cell line LS174T, suppression of Bach1 reduced pIgR mRNA stability. In contrast, overexpression of Bach1 increased pIgR mRNA stability. These results demonstrate that Bach1 deficiency causes abnormal secretion of IgA into the intestinal lumen via suppression of pIgR expression.},
}

@article {pmid38981524,
year = {2024},
author = {Probst, RS and Longino, JT and Branstetter, MG},
title = {Evolutionary déjà vu? A case of convergent evolution in an ant-plant association.},
journal = {Proceedings. Biological sciences},
volume = {291},
number = {2026},
pages = {20241214},
doi = {10.1098/rspb.2024.1214},
pmid = {38981524},
issn = {1471-2954},
support = {//Society of Systematic Biologists/ ; //The Center for Latin American Studies at the University of Utah/ ; //The Linnaean Society of London/ ; //Division of Environmental Biology - National Science Foundation/ ; },
mesh = {*Ants/physiology/genetics ; *Symbiosis ; Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; *Phylogeny ; South America ; Central America ; Myrmecophytes ; },
abstract = {Obligatory ant-plant symbioses often appear to be single evolutionary shifts within particular ant lineages; however, convergence can be revealed once natural history observations are complemented with molecular phylogenetics. Here, we describe a remarkable example of convergent evolution in an ant-plant symbiotic system. Exclusively arboreal, Myrmelachista species can be generalized opportunists nesting in several plant species or obligately symbiotic, live-stem nesters of a narrow set of plant species. Instances of specialization within Myrmelachista are known from northern South America and throughout Middle America. In Middle America, a diverse radiation of specialists occupies understory treelets of lowland rainforests. The morphological and behavioural uniformity of specialists suggests that they form a monophyletic assemblage, diversifying after a single origin of specialization. Using ultraconserved element phylogenomics and ancestral state reconstructions, we show that shifts from opportunistic to obligately symbiotic evolved independently in South and Middle America. Furthermore, our analyses support a remarkable case of convergence within the Middle American radiation, with two independently evolved specialist clades, arising nearly simultaneously from putative opportunistic ancestors during the late Pliocene. This repeated evolution of a complex phenotype suggests similar mechanisms behind trait shifts from opportunists to specialists, generating further questions about the selective forces driving specialization.},
}

*Ants/physiology/genetics
*Symbiosis
Animals
*Biological Evolution
*Phylogeny
South America
Central America
Myrmecophytes

@article {pmid38980277,
year = {2024},
author = {Garschall, K and Pascual-Carreras, E and García-Pascual, B and Filimonova, D and Guse, A and Johnston, IG and Steinmetz, PRH},
title = {The cellular basis of feeding-dependent body size plasticity in sea anemones.},
journal = {Development (Cambridge, England)},
volume = {151},
number = {20},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1242/dev.202926},
pmid = {38980277},
issn = {1477-9129},
support = {234817//Norges Forskningsråd/ ; ALTF 406-2021//EMBO/ ; /ERC_/European Research Council/International ; 805046 (EvoConBiO)//Horizon 2020/ ; 724715//H2020 European Research Council/ ; //University of Bergen/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Sea Anemones/cytology/physiology ; *Body Size ; *Cell Proliferation ; Cell Cycle/physiology ; Feeding Behavior/physiology ; Signal Transduction ; Symbiosis ; TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism ; },
abstract = {Many animals share a lifelong capacity to adapt their growth rates and body sizes to changing environmental food supplies. However, the cellular and molecular basis underlying this plasticity remains only poorly understood. We therefore studied how the sea anemones Nematostella vectensis and Aiptasia (Exaiptasia pallida) respond to feeding and starvation. Combining quantifications of body size and cell numbers with mathematical modelling, we observed that growth and shrinkage rates in Nematostella are exponential, stereotypic and accompanied by dramatic changes in cell numbers. Notably, shrinkage rates, but not growth rates, are independent of body size. In the facultatively symbiotic Aiptasia, we show that growth and cell proliferation rates are dependent on the symbiotic state. On a cellular level, we found that >7% of all cells in Nematostella juveniles reversibly shift between S/G2/M and G1/G0 cell cycle phases when fed or starved, respectively. Furthermore, we demonstrate that polyp growth and cell proliferation are dependent on TOR signalling during feeding. Altogether, we provide a benchmark and resource for further investigating the nutritional regulation of body plasticity on multiple scales using the genetic toolkit available for Nematostella.},
}

Animals
*Sea Anemones/cytology/physiology
*Body Size
*Cell Proliferation
Cell Cycle/physiology
Feeding Behavior/physiology
Signal Transduction
Symbiosis
TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism

@article {pmid38979873,
year = {2024},
author = {Chávez-González, JD and Flores-Núñez, VM and Merino-Espinoza, IU and Partida-Martínez, LP},
title = {Desert plants, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and associated bacteria: Exploring the diversity and role of symbiosis under drought.},
journal = {Environmental microbiology reports},
volume = {16},
number = {4},
pages = {e13300},
pmid = {38979873},
issn = {1758-2229},
support = {//CONAHCYT (Consejo Nacional de Humanidades Ciencias y Tecnologias)/ ; A1-S-9889//Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología/ ; IDEAGTO/CONV/014/2022//IDEA GTO/ ; },
mesh = {*Mycorrhizae/physiology/classification/genetics ; *Symbiosis ; *Droughts ; *Desert Climate ; *Soil Microbiology ; *Bacteria/classification/genetics/isolation & purification/metabolism ; Agave/microbiology ; Biodiversity ; Plant Roots/microbiology ; },
abstract = {Desert plants, such as Agave tequilana, A. salmiana and Myrtillocactus geometrizans, can survive harsh environmental conditions partly due to their symbiotic relationships with microorganisms, including arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). Interestingly, some of these fungi also harbour endosymbiotic bacteria. Our research focused on investigating the diversity of these AMFs and their associated bacteria in these plants growing in arid soil. We found that agaves have a threefold higher AMF colonization than M. geometrizans. Metabarcoding techniques revealed that the composition of AMF communities was primarily influenced by the plant host, while the bacterial communities were more affected by the specific plant compartment or niche they inhabited. We identified both known and novel endofungal bacterial taxa, including Burkholderiales, and confirmed their presence within AMF spores using multiphoton microscopy. Our study also explored the effects of drought on the symbiosis between A. tequilana and AMF. We discovered that the severity of drought conditions could modulate the strength of this symbiosis and its outcomes for the plant holobiont. Severe drought conditions prevented the formation of this symbiosis, while moderate drought conditions promoted it, thereby conferring drought tolerance in A. tequilana. This research sheds light on the diversity of AMF and associated bacteria in Crassulacean Acid Metabolism (CAM) plants and underscores the crucial role of drought as a factor modulating the symbiosis between A. tequilana and AMF. Further research is needed to understand the role of endofungal bacteria in this response.},
}

*Mycorrhizae/physiology/classification/genetics
*Symbiosis
*Droughts
*Desert Climate
*Soil Microbiology
*Bacteria/classification/genetics/isolation & purification/metabolism
Agave/microbiology
Biodiversity
Plant Roots/microbiology

@article {pmid38979008,
year = {2024},
author = {Anderson, MD and Taylor, DL and Olson, K and Ruess, RW},
title = {Composition of soil Frankia assemblages across ecological drivers parallels that of nodule assemblages in Alnus incana ssp. tenuifolia in interior Alaska.},
journal = {Ecology and evolution},
volume = {14},
number = {7},
pages = {e11458},
pmid = {38979008},
issn = {2045-7758},
abstract = {In root nodule symbioses (RNS) between nitrogen (N)-fixing bacteria and plants, bacterial symbionts cycle between nodule-inhabiting and soil-inhabiting niches that exert differential selection pressures on bacterial traits. Little is known about how the resulting evolutionary tension between host plants and symbiotic bacteria structures naturally occurring bacterial assemblages in soils. We used DNA cloning to examine soil-dwelling assemblages of the actinorhizal symbiont Frankia in sites with long-term stable assemblages in Alnus incana ssp. tenuifolia nodules. We compared: (1) phylogenetic diversity of Frankia in soil versus nodules, (2) change in Frankia assemblages in soil versus nodules in response to environmental variation: both across succession, and in response to long-term fertilization with N and phosphorus, and (3) soil assemblages in the presence and absence of host plants. Phylogenetic diversity was much greater in soil-dwelling than nodule-dwelling assemblages and fell into two large clades not previously observed. The presence of host plants was associated with enhanced representation of genotypes specific to A. tenuifolia, and decreased representation of genotypes specific to a second Alnus species. The relative proportion of symbiotic sequence groups across a primary chronosequence was similar in both soil and nodule assemblages. Contrary to expectations, both N and P enhanced symbiotic genotypes relative to non-symbiotic ones. Our results provide a rare set of field observations against which predictions from theoretical and experimental work in the evolutionary ecology of RNS can be compared.},
}

@article {pmid38977968,
year = {2024},
author = {Li, X and Liu, Q and Gao, Y and Zang, P and Zheng, T},
title = {Effects of a co-bacterial agent on the growth, disease control, and quality of ginseng based on rhizosphere microbial diversity.},
journal = {BMC plant biology},
volume = {24},
number = {1},
pages = {647},
pmid = {38977968},
issn = {1471-2229},
support = {2022YFF1300503//National Key Research and Development Program of China/ ; 20220401110YY//Science and Technology Development Program of Jilin Province/ ; },
mesh = {*Panax/microbiology/growth & development/drug effects ; *Rhizosphere ; *Plant Diseases/microbiology/prevention & control ; *Paenibacillus polymyxa ; *Ginsenosides ; Bacillus cereus/drug effects/growth & development ; Soil Microbiology ; Endophytes/physiology/drug effects ; Microbiota/drug effects ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The ginseng endophyte Paenibacillus polymyxa Pp-7250 (Pp-7250) has multifaceted roles such as preventing ginseng diseases, promoting growth, increasing ginsenoside accumulation, and degrading pesticide residues, however, these effects still have room for improvements. Composite fungicides are an effective means to improve the biocontrol effect of fungicides, but the effect of Pp-7250 in combination with its symbiotic bacteria on ginseng needs to be further investigated, and its mechanism of action has not been elucidated. In this study, a series of experiments was conducted to elucidate the effect of Paenibacillus polymyxa and Bacillus cereus co-bacterial agent on the yield and quality of understory ginseng, and to investigate their mechanism of action.

RESULTS: The results indicated that P. polymyxa and B. cereus co-bacterial agent (PB) treatment improved ginseng yield, ginsenoside accumulation, disease prevention, and pesticide degradation. The mechanism is that PB treatment increased the abundance of beneficial microorganisms, including Rhodanobacter, Pseudolabrys, Gemmatimonas, Bacillus, Paenibacillus, Cortinarius, Russula, Paecilomyces, and Trechispora, and decreased the abundance of pathogenic microorganisms, including Ellin6067, Acidibacter, Fusarium, Tetracladium, Alternaria, and Ilyonectria in ginseng rhizosphere soil. PB co-bacterial agents enhanced the function of microbial metabolic pathways, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, biosynthesis of antibiotics, biosynthesis of amino acids, carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes, DNA replication, and terpenoid backbone biosynthesis, and decreased the function of microbial plant pathogens and animal pathogens.

CONCLUSION: The combination of P. polymyxa and B. cereus may be a potential biocontrol agent to promote the resistance of ginseng to disease and improve the yield, quality, and pesticide degradation.},
}

*Panax/microbiology/growth & development/drug effects
*Rhizosphere
*Plant Diseases/microbiology/prevention & control
*Paenibacillus polymyxa
*Ginsenosides
Bacillus cereus/drug effects/growth & development
Soil Microbiology
Endophytes/physiology/drug effects
Microbiota/drug effects

@article {pmid38977639,
year = {2024},
author = {Scheifler, M and Wilhelm, L and Visser, B},
title = {Lipid Metabolism in Parasitoids and Parasitized Hosts.},
journal = {Advances in experimental medicine and biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {38977639},
issn = {0065-2598},
abstract = {Parasitoids have an exceptional lifestyle where juvenile development is spent on or in a single host insect, but the adults are free-living. Unlike parasites, parasitoids kill the host. How parasitoids use such a limiting resource, particularly lipids, can affect chances to survive and reproduce. In part 1, we describe the parasitoid lifestyle, including typical developmental strategies. Lipid metabolism in parasitoids has been of interest to researchers since the 1960s and continues to fascinate ecologists, evolutionists, physiologists, and entomologists alike. One reason of this interest is that the majority of parasitoids do not accumulate triacylglycerols as adults. Early research revealed that some parasitoid larvae mimic the fatty acid composition of the host, which may result from a lack of de novo triacylglycerol synthesis. More recent work has focused on the evolution of lack of adult triacylglycerol accumulation and consequences for life history traits. In part 2 of this chapter, we discuss research efforts on lipid metabolism in parasitoids from the 1960s onwards. Parasitoids are also master manipulators of host physiology, including lipid metabolism, having evolved a range of mechanisms to affect the release, synthesis, transport, and take-up of lipids from the host. We lay out the effects of parasitism on host physiology in part 3 of this chapter.},
}

@article {pmid38977291,
year = {2024},
author = {Ogawa, M and Matsutani, M and Katayama, T and Takada, N and Noda, S and Takahashi, M and Kageyama, D and Hanaoka, N and Ebihara, H},
title = {Discovery of a novel spotted fever group Rickettsia, "Candidatus Rickettsia kedanie," in unfed larval chigger mites, Leptotrombidium scutellare.},
journal = {Microbiology and immunology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/1348-0421.13161},
pmid = {38977291},
issn = {1348-0421},
support = {//Ministry of Education and Science/ ; },
abstract = {Spotted fever group (SFG) rickettsia, the causative agent of SFG rickettsiosis, is predominantly carried by ticks, whereas Orientia tsutusgamushi, the causative agent of scrub typhus, is primarily transmitted by chigger mites in Japan. In this study, we attempted to isolate intracellular eubacteria from Leptotrombidium scutellare, a major vector of O. tsutsugamushi; moreover, we isolated an SFG rickettsia using a mosquito-derived cell line. Draft genome sequences of this unique isolate, by applying criteria for species delimitation, classified this isolate as a novel strain, proposed as "Rickettsia kedanie." Further genetic analysis identified conserved virulence factors, and the isolate successfully propagated in mammalian cells, suggesting its ability to cause diseases in humans. The presence of SFG rickettsia in unfed larvae implies potential dual-pathogen carriage and reflects a symbiotic relationship similar to that between the mites and O. tsutsugamushi, indicating possibility of its transovarial transmission from female adults. Furthermore, conserved genomic similarity of the novel isolate to known SFG rickettsia suggests potential multiple hosts, including chiggers and ticks. In the natural environment, ticks, chigger mites, and wild animals may carry new isolates, complicating the infection cycle and increasing the transmission risks to humans. This discovery challenges the conventional association of SFG rickettsia with ticks, emphasizing its implications for research and disease control. However, this study was confined to a particular species of chigger mites and geographic area, underscoring the necessity for additional studies to comprehend the ecological dynamics, host interactions, and health implications linked to this newly identified SFG rickettsia.},
}

@article {pmid38975756,
year = {2024},
author = {Schaus, SR and Vasconcelos Pereira, G and Luis, AS and Madlambayan, E and Terrapon, N and Ostrowski, MP and Jin, C and Henrissat, B and Hansson, GC and Martens, EC},
title = {Ruminococcus torques is a keystone degrader of intestinal mucin glycoprotein, releasing oligosaccharides used by Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron.},
journal = {mBio},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e0003924},
doi = {10.1128/mbio.00039-24},
pmid = {38975756},
issn = {2150-7511},
abstract = {Symbiotic interactions between humans and our communities of resident gut microbes (microbiota) play many roles in health and disease. Some gut bacteria utilize mucus as a nutrient source and can under certain conditions damage the protective barrier it forms, increasing disease susceptibility. We investigated how Ruminococcus torques-a known mucin degrader that has been implicated in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs)-degrades mucin glycoproteins or their component O-linked glycans to understand its effects on the availability of mucin-derived nutrients for other bacteria. We found that R. torques utilizes both mucin glycoproteins and released oligosaccharides from gastric and colonic mucins, degrading these substrates with a panoply of mostly constitutively expressed, secreted enzymes. Investigation of mucin oligosaccharide degradation by R. torques revealed strong α-L-fucosidase, sialidase and β1,4-galactosidase activities. There was a lack of detectable sulfatase and weak β1,3-galactosidase degradation, resulting in accumulation of glycans containing these structures on mucin polypeptides. While the Gram-negative symbiont, Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron grows poorly on mucin glycoproteins, we demonstrate a clear ability of R. torques to liberate products from mucins, making them accessible to B. thetaiotaomicron. This work underscores the diversity of mucin-degrading mechanisms in different bacterial species and the probability that some species are contingent on others for the ability to more fully access mucin-derived nutrients. The ability of R. torques to directly degrade a variety of mucin and mucin glycan structures and unlock released glycans for other species suggests that it is a keystone mucin degrader, which might contribute to its association with IBD.IMPORTANCEAn important facet of maintaining healthy symbiosis between host and intestinal microbes is the mucus layer, the first defense protecting the epithelium from lumenal bacteria. Some gut bacteria degrade the various components of intestinal mucins, but detailed mechanisms used by different species are still emerging. It is imperative to understand these mechanisms as they likely dictate interspecies interactions and may illuminate species associated with bacterial mucus damage and subsequent disease susceptibility. Ruminococcus torques is positively associated with IBD in multiple studies. We identified mucin glycan-degrading enzymes in R. torques and found that it shares mucin degradation products with another species of gut bacteria, Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron. Our findings underscore the importance of understanding mucin degradation mechanisms in different gut bacteria and their consequences on interspecies interactions, which may identify keystone bacteria that disproportionately affect mucus damage and could therefore be key players in effects that result from reductions in mucus integrity.},
}

@article {pmid38975469,
year = {2024},
author = {Kalani, M and Anjankar, A},
title = {Revolutionizing Neurology: The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Advancing Diagnosis and Treatment.},
journal = {Cureus},
volume = {16},
number = {6},
pages = {e61706},
pmid = {38975469},
issn = {2168-8184},
abstract = {Artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a powerful tool in the field of neurology, significantly impacting the diagnosis and treatment of neurological disorders. Recent technological breakthroughs have given us access to a plethora of information relevant to many aspects of neurology. Neuroscience and AI share a long history of collaboration. Along with great potential, we encounter obstacles relating to data quality, ethics, and inherent difficulty in applying data science in healthcare. Neurological disorders pose intricate challenges due to their complex manifestations and variability. Automating image interpretation tasks, AI algorithms accurately identify brain structures and detect abnormalities. This accelerates diagnosis and reduces the workload on medical professionals. Treatment optimization benefits from AI simulations that model different scenarios and predict outcomes. These AI systems can currently perform many of the sophisticated perceptual and cognitive capacities of biological systems, such as object identification and decision making. Furthermore, AI is rapidly being used as a tool in neuroscience research, altering our understanding of brain functioning. It has the ability to revolutionize healthcare as we know it into a system in which humans and robots collaborate to deliver better care for our patients. Image analysis activities such as recognizing particular brain regions, calculating changes in brain volume over time, and detecting abnormalities in brain scans can be automated by AI systems. This lessens the strain on radiologists and neurologists while improving diagnostic accuracy and efficiency. It is now obvious that cutting-edge artificial intelligence models combined with high-quality clinical data will lead to enhanced prognostic and diagnostic models in neurological illness, permitting expert-level clinical decision aids across healthcare settings. In conclusion, AI's integration into neurology has revolutionized diagnosis, treatment, and research. As AI technologies advance, they promise to unravel the complexities of neurological disorders further, leading to improved patient care and quality of life. The symbiosis of AI and neurology offers a glimpse into a future where innovation and compassion converge to reshape neurological healthcare. This abstract provides a concise overview of the role of AI in neurology and its transformative potential.},
}

@article {pmid38974980,
year = {2024},
author = {Guo, S and Xia, L and Xia, D and Li, M and Xu, W and Liu, L},
title = {Enhancing plant resilience: arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi's role in alleviating drought stress in vegetation concrete.},
journal = {Frontiers in plant science},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1401050},
pmid = {38974980},
issn = {1664-462X},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Drought stress usually inhibits plant growth, which may increase the difficulty of greening slopes.

METHODS: In this study, we systematically investigated the effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi on the growth and drought tolerance of two plant species, Festuca elata and Cassia glauca, in a vegetation concrete environment by exogenously inoculating AM fungi and setting three drought levels: well water, moderate drought and severe drought. The results showed that plant growth was significantly inhibited under drought stress; however, AM fungi inoculation significantly promoted plant height, root length, and above- and belowground biomass in these two plant species.

RESULTS: Compared with, those in the CK treatment, the greatest increases in the net photosynthesis rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate in the AM treatment group were 36.72%, 210.08%, and 66.41%, respectively. Moreover, inoculation with AM fungi increased plant superoxide dismutase and catalase activities by 4.70-150.73% and 9.10-95.70%, respectively, and reduced leaf malondialdehyde content by 2.79-55.01%, which alleviated the damage caused by oxidative stress. These effects alleviated the damage caused by oxidative stress and increased the content of soluble sugars and soluble proteins in plant leaves by 1.52-65.44% and 4.67-97.54%, respectively, which further increased the drought adaptability of plants. However, inoculation with AM fungi had different effects on different plants.

CONCLUSION: In summary, this study demonstrated that the inoculation of AM fungi in vegetation concrete environments can significantly increase plant growth and drought tolerance. The plants that formed a symbiotic structure with AM fungi had a larger root uptake area, greater water uptake capacity, and greater photosynthesis and gas exchange efficiency. In addition, AM fungi inoculation further increased the drought adaptability of the plants by increasing their antioxidant enzyme activity and regulating their metabolite content. These findings are highly important for promoting plant growth and increasing drought tolerance under drought conditions, especially for potential practical applications in areas such as slope protection, and provide useful references for future ecological engineering and sustainable development.},
}