@article {pmid41833046,
year = {2026},
author = {Baghel Chauhan, S and Jaitawat, DPS and Jain, C and Singh, I},
title = {Synergistic Neuroimmune Modulation by Cannabidiol and Probiotics for Therapeutic Advancement in CNS Disorders: A Systematic Review.},
journal = {CNS & neurological disorders drug targets},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.2174/0118715273411035251111055748},
pmid = {41833046},
issn = {1996-3181},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: The gut-brain axis (GBA) is a complex, bidirectional communication network connecting the gastrointestinal tract and central nervous system. Cannabidiol (CBD) and probiotics have shown promising neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory effects. However, the synergistic potential of these agents on the GBA has not been fully explored.

METHODS: A systematic review of recent preclinical and clinical studies was conducted using databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Science Direct, and Google Scholar. The review focused on the individual and combined effects of CBD and probiotics on gut microbiota composition, neuroinflammation, neurotransmitter modulation, and immune signalling. Mechanistic insights involving the endocannabinoid system and microbiome-derived metabolites were also analyzed.

RESULTS: Evidence suggests that both CBD and probiotics can enhance gut microbial diversity, regulate pro-inflammatory cytokines, and increase neuroactive metabolites like serotonin and short-chain fatty acids. These effects may improve vagus nerve activity and gut-brain communication, indicating therapeutic potential for managing anxiety, depression, and neurodegenerative conditions. However, human studies remain limited in scale and duration.

DISCUSSION: The observed benefits of CBD and probiotics suggest a synergistic mechanism through gut-brain axis modulation, addressing both neurological and immunological pathways. While animal studies are promising, translation to clinical practice requires further evidence.

CONCLUSION: CBD and probiotics represent a novel combinatorial approach for managing central nervous system disorders through GBA modulation. Future clinical trials should establish optimal dosing, long-term safety, and therapeutic efficacy to validate their use in neuroimmune conditions.},
}

@article {pmid41833200,
year = {2026},
author = {Roach, T and Stegner, M and Clara, D and Ametrano, CG and Compant, S and Gerna, D},
title = {Seed ageing increases the influence of native microorganisms on germination.},
journal = {Microbiological research},
volume = {308},
number = {},
pages = {128493},
doi = {10.1016/j.micres.2026.128493},
pmid = {41833200},
issn = {1618-0623},
abstract = {Improper seed storage conditions, such as elevated temperature and moisture, accelerate ageing and compromise seed quality. However, the impacts of ageing on the seed microbiome and the resulting consequences for germination performance remain poorly understood. Here, we characterised how ageing soybean (Glycine max) seeds at 45 °C and 75% RH affects seed fungal communities, metabolism relevant to microbial growth, and sensitivity of germination to fungal challenge. Additionally, we assessed a role for endophytic bacteria in controlling pathogenic fungi. Amplicon sequencing revealed that ageing decreased fungal richness and reshaped community structure and composition of dominant taxa in seeds. Fusarium and Rhizopus isolates inhibited germination of non-aged seeds, whereas Sarocladium, Plectosphaerella, and Cladosporium impaired germination of aged seeds only. During imbibition, ageing increased seed metabolite leakage, including pinitol, glucose, and fructose, which promoted fungal growth in vitro. Among 39 endophytic bacteria previously isolated from soybean seeds, Bacillus toyonensis C55 and B. pumilus AM26 antagonised fungal growth, consistent with genomic regions associated with antifungal activity. Ageing oxidised the seed cellular redox state, and fungi tolerated oxidative growth conditions better than bacteria. In two cultivars, seed inoculation with B. toyonensis C55 increased germination, supporting a role in regulating fungal infections, whereas B. pumilus AM26 impaired germination. Notably, neither Bacillus strain affected germination of high-vigour non-aged seeds. Fluorescence in situ hybridisation microscopy revealed that both strains recolonised the seed endosphere following ageing. We conclude that oxidation during seed ageing contributes to increased sensitivity to fungal pathogens, which can be modulated by certain bacteria.},
}

@article {pmid41833276,
year = {2026},
author = {Cao, J and He, K and Chen, X and Wang, J and Yin, Q and Ouyang, W and Wang, H and Lin, J and Fan, C},
title = {Multi-omics profiling complements physicochemical monitoring by revealing functional signatures of dissolved oxygen status in the Xijiang River.},
journal = {Water research},
volume = {297},
number = {},
pages = {125609},
doi = {10.1016/j.watres.2026.125609},
pmid = {41833276},
issn = {1879-2448},
abstract = {This study established a multi-level diagnostic framework for dissolved oxygen (DO) variation and associated degradation risk by integrating conventional water quality analysis, untargeted metabolomics, and microbiome profiling. This framework aims to identify DO-related functional degradation signals that are difficult to resolve using conventional indicators alone. The results show that, although nutrient concentrations were broadly comparable between high-DO waters (6.14 ± 0.9 mg/L) and low-DO waters (3.52 ± 0.6 mg/L), pronounced differences were observed in microbial community structure and metabolic profile composition. Among the 794 metabolites identified, 79 metabolites were significantly associated with DO variation, with nitrogen-containing organic compounds and short-chain fatty acids showing systematic enrichment under low-DO conditions, suggesting reduced efficiency of aerobic organic matter transformation. Further integration of differential analysis and correlation analysis enabled the construction of a DO-associated network consisting of six key microbial functional groups (|log2FC| = 0.58-2.53, |r| = 0.51-0.83) and 32 differential metabolites, which was primarily linked to aerobic transformation processes of steroids and xenobiotic organic compounds. At the pathway level, the arginine-proline metabolic axis exhibited a stable association with DO variation, and the intermediate metabolite N-carbamoylputrescine showed a significant positive correlation with DO concentration (|r| = 0.57), indicating its potential as a process-related indicator of oxygen consumption status. Overall, this study expands the scope of DO-oriented water quality diagnosis from molecular, microbial, and metabolic pathway perspectives, and provides multi-omics diagnostic clues that may inform the development of process-informed approaches for earlier detection and refined assessment of DO-related water-quality risks.},
}

@article {pmid41833509,
year = {2026},
author = {Brinker, P and Salles, JF and Beukeboom, LW and Fontaine, MC},
title = {Host-Associated Bacterial Community Changes After Laboratory Introduction Vary With Wolbachia Presence.},
journal = {Environmental microbiology},
volume = {28},
number = {3},
pages = {e70265},
pmid = {41833509},
issn = {1462-2920},
support = {//Adaptive Life scholarship of the University of Groningen, The Netherlands/ ; },
mesh = {*Wolbachia/physiology/genetics ; Animals ; *Wasps/microbiology ; *Bacteria/classification/genetics/isolation & purification ; Symbiosis ; *Microbiota ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics ; Female ; *Host Microbial Interactions ; },
abstract = {Translocating organisms from their natural habitats to laboratories can significantly alter their microbial communities, yet this impact is often overlooked. While common in research, the effects on microbiomes and how laboratory findings relate to natural field dynamics require further study. Symbionts may stabilise microbial communities or increase susceptibility to change, influencing results. This study investigates the effects of laboratory translocation on host-microbiome interactions using the parasitic wasp Asobara japonica and its endosymbiont Wolbachia. Three infected (asexual) and three uninfected (sexual) lines, each with seven iso-female lines, were introduced into the laboratory to track microbial community changes over four generations via 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Our results show laboratory translocation reduces bacterial diversity, with stochastic processes driving changes in the microbial community. Changes in bacterial composition differed between sexual and asexual lines. Over four generations, the asexual wasps' bacterial community became more similar, while sexual wasps exhibited greater diversity. Notably, changes in bacterial communities emerged over generations rather than in the first generation. Finally, Wolbachia abundance varied following laboratory introduction, likely impacting bacterial community structure and assembly over time. Overall, our research highlights how laboratory conditions can affect host-associated microbial communities in different ways, potentially impacting their functions and host interactions.},
}

*Wolbachia/physiology/genetics
Animals
*Wasps/microbiology
*Bacteria/classification/genetics/isolation & purification
Symbiosis
*Microbiota
RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics
Female
*Host Microbial Interactions

@article {pmid41833536,
year = {2026},
author = {Li, H and Cai, LQ and Mou, Q and Sun, YF and Yang, KY and Liang, YS and Li, HS and Pang, H},
title = {A free-living Serratia symbiotica strain enhances aphid development, potentially through alteration of host nutritional composition.},
journal = {Pest management science},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1002/ps.70719},
pmid = {41833536},
issn = {1526-4998},
support = {//Open Fund of Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Protection and Resource Utilization/ ; //National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; //National Key Research and Development Program of China/ ; JCYJ20250604175510013//the Shenzhen Science and Technology Program/ ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Aphids harbor diverse microbial communities that influence their development, reproduction, and stress tolerance. In our previous work, we identified a free-living strain of Serratia symbiotica, SsMj, which is highly abundant in the gut of Megoura crassicauda. However, the biological effects of SsMj on its aphid host remain largely unknown.

RESULTS: In this study, SsMj- M. crassicauda were generated by rearing newly hatched nymphs separately from their parthenogenetic SsMj+ parents. Absolute quantification of the microbiome revealed that, apart from the loss of SsMj, the overall bacterial abundance and diversity did not differ significantly between SsMj- and SsMj+ aphids. Nevertheless, SsMj- individuals exhibited slower development, smaller body size, reduced survival, and produced more offspring compared to their SsMj+ counterparts. Metabolomic analyses further showed that SsMj- aphids accumulated higher levels of several sugars but lower concentrations of multiple amino acids. Consistently, the insulin-like peptide (ILP) gene showed elevated expression across developmental stages in SsMj- aphids, which is likely to reflect a response to nutrient imbalance. RNA interference targeting ILP significantly delayed development, confirming its regulatory role in aphid growth. Comparative genomics showed that the SsMj genome contains a high number of genes involved in amino acid synthesis pathways than both obligate and facultative S. symbiotica strains, a pattern consistent with other free-living strains.

CONCLUSION: Our findings indicate that S. symbiotica plays an essential role in aphid nutrient metabolism, and is likely to be facilitating the conversion of dietary sugars into amino acids to support host development. The fitness benefits conferred by this free-living S. symbiotica strain suggest a close, mutualistic-like association with its aphid host, highlighting its ecological and physiological significance in insect-microbe interactions. © 2026 Society of Chemical Industry.},
}

@article {pmid41833558,
year = {2026},
author = {Karampela, AI and Druce, M},
title = {The Relationship Between Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) and Depression.},
journal = {Clinical endocrinology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/cen.70124},
pmid = {41833558},
issn = {1365-2265},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent endocrine disorder, frequently accompanied by psychological comorbidities including depression. The aim of this narrative review is to summarise the latest research regarding potential contributors to and underpinning mechanisms of this relationship.

DESIGN: A detailed search of the PubMed database was carried out beginning with systematic reviews and using the 'snowballing' method to identify further studies. The results yielded were assessed for quality using the GRADE framework. Depression in all studies was assessed using validated questionnaires.

RESULTS: The association of PCOS and depression is bidirectional and multifactorial. The role of biological factors such as hyperandrogenism, metabolic dysregulation, chronic low-grade inflammation, gut microbiome, and genetic and epigenetic factors are highlighted. Also, psychosocial contributors includingillness perception (obesity, acne and hirsutism), menstruation, infertility issues, and sexual dysfunction, as well as eating disorders have a prevalent role. The majority of the studies included were systematic reviews and cross-sectional original research studies.

CONCLUSION: Given the complex pathophysiology underpinning both diseases independently as well as in combination, despite evolving research, there is no single unifying link. However, this highlights the need for mental health risk stratification, addressing possible contributing factors, and offering the support required for patients with PCOS and depression.},
}

@article {pmid41833567,
year = {2026},
author = {De la Vega-Camarillo, E and Quattrone, AC and Okumoto, S and Rajan, N and Hernández-Rodríguez, C and Bernal, JS and Antony-Babu, S},
title = {Bridging the Cultivation Gap in Plant Microbiomes: A Comparative Study of Aerial Root Mucilage Microbiome Characterization by Conventional Isolation, Prospector High-Throughput Cultivation, and Molecular Profiling.},
journal = {MicrobiologyOpen},
volume = {15},
number = {2},
pages = {e70268},
doi = {10.1002/mbo3.70268},
pmid = {41833567},
issn = {2045-8827},
support = {13322389//USDA NIFA-AFRI/ ; 2208267//USDA NIFA-AFRI/ ; 20240945//SIP projects/ ; 20251163//SIP projects/ ; },
mesh = {*Microbiota/genetics ; *Bacteria/classification/genetics/isolation & purification ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics ; *Plant Roots/microbiology ; *Sorghum/microbiology ; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing ; Phylogeny ; DNA, Bacterial/genetics ; *Plant Mucilage ; },
abstract = {The "great plate count anomaly" represents a fundamental challenge in microbiome research, with vast microbial diversity remaining uncultivable. We systematically compared three methodological approaches for characterizing plant-associated bacterial communities: conventional plate cultivation, the high-throughput Prospector platform, and full-length 16S rRNA nanopore sequencing. Using mucilage-associated bacteria from teosinte and sorghum as model systems, we evaluated efficiency, taxonomic coverage, and inherent biases. The Prospector platform dramatically outperformed conventional cultivation, achieving 8x to 13.5x improvements in isolate recovery (342 vs. 43 isolates from sorghum; 379 vs. 28 from teosinte) and 1.5x to 1.8x improvements in genus-level detection. While metabarcoding detected 82 total genera, cultivation methods captured only 35.4% of this diversity, with Prospector recovering 16.9%-25.7% compared to 11.3%-14.3% for conventional methods. Each approach exhibited distinct taxonomic biases: conventional plating favored fast-growing taxa (Pseudomonas, Pantoea, Bacillus), Prospector accessed slower-growing bacteria (Sphingomonas, Curtobacterium), while metabarcoding exclusively detected 59-85 cultivation-resistant genera. We propose an integrated framework leveraging complementary strengths: metabarcoding for comprehensive profiling, Prospector for enhanced cultivation efficiency, and conventional isolation for targeted applications. Together, our findings establish quantitative benchmarks for method comparison and support an integrative framework that combines metabarcoding for comprehensive profiling, the Prospector platform for enhanced cultivation efficiency, and conventional isolation for targeted applications, highlighting how methodological choices fundamentally shape our understanding of microbial diversity.},
}

*Microbiota/genetics
*Bacteria/classification/genetics/isolation & purification
RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics
*Plant Roots/microbiology
*Sorghum/microbiology
High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing
Phylogeny
DNA, Bacterial/genetics
*Plant Mucilage

@article {pmid41833719,
year = {2026},
author = {Zheng, L and Huang, J and Ni, H and Kuang, X and Liao, J and Qu, Z and Liu, H and Huang, C and Yu, L and Dai, L and Leung, EL},
title = {Systematic profiling of human gut bacteria with cyclic di-AMP secretion to enhance anti-tumor immunity.},
journal = {Journal of advanced research},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.jare.2026.03.013},
pmid = {41833719},
issn = {2090-1224},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Gut microbiota-derived metabolites play pivotal roles in clinical tumor treatment and progression. Cyclic di-AMP serves as both a bacterial signaling molecule and an immune activator of the STING pathway. However, knowledge on cyclic di-AMP production by gut commensals remains limited, hindering the rational application of gut bacteria in cancer therapy.

OBJECTIVES: This study systematically characterizes the metabolic profiles and genotypes associated with cyclic di-AMP synthesis in human gut commensals. We further validate the immune-activating and anti-tumor effects of high cyclic di-AMP-producing probiotics in both in vitro and in vivo non-small cell lung cancer models.

METHODS: Cyclic di-AMP levels (intracellular and extracellular) were quantified via LC-MS in 51 representative gut bacterial species derived from 442 strains isolated from 119 human fecal samples. STING pathway activation was assessed by co-culturing THP-1 cells with supernatants from high cyclic di-AMP-producing gut probiotics. Anti-tumor efficacy was evaluated in a non-small cell lung cancer mouse model.

RESULTS: Screening of 51 gut bacterial species identified 24 high cyclic di-AMP producers, with 18 exhibiting robust secretion capacity. Bioinformatic annotation revealed genes governing cyclic di-AMP synthesis, degradation, and secretion. Two food-grade probiotics, Limosilactobacillus fermentum DA785 and Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus R7970, demonstrated efficient cyclic di-AMP secretion. Their supernatants significantly upregulated STING pathway-related gene expression and IFN-β secretion in THP-1 cells. Oral administration of these strains suppressed tumor growth in mice by activating immune responses within the tumor microenvironment. And Limosilactobacillus fermentum DA785 suppresses tumor growth via the STING pathway.

CONCLUSION: This study highlights the therapeutic potential of food-grade probiotics with high cyclic di-AMP production to augment anti-tumor immunity, offering a novel microbiome-based strategy for cancer treatment.},
}

@article {pmid41833797,
year = {2026},
author = {Pinos-Tamayo, EA and Domínguez-Borbor, C and Morales, I and Ramírez, M and Sonnenholzner, S and Rodríguez, J},
title = {Breaking paradigms: Reconsidering the role of harmless vibrios in shrimp health.},
journal = {Journal of invertebrate pathology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {108597},
doi = {10.1016/j.jip.2026.108597},
pmid = {41833797},
issn = {1096-0805},
abstract = {Vibriosis is a leading cause of economic losses in the shrimp industry worldwide, affecting both larvae and juveniles. Vibrio species (Vibrio spp.) are ubiquitous in marine and aquaculture environments, and their ability to thrive in warm, nutrient-rich conditions makes them omnipresent in shrimp microbiota. While pathogenic species such as Vibrio parahaemolyticus are responsible for acute hepatopancreatic necrosis (AHPND), there is increasing evidence on non-pathogenic Vibrio strains that can naturally limit the proliferation of pathogenic species. This review examines the environmental and ecological factors that help explain the predominance of Vibrio spp. in aquaculture systems and synthesizes the current knowledge on how microbial imbalance caused by pathogenic vibrios, particularly V. parahaemolyticus, affects shrimp health. We highlight the emerging evidence that beneficial Vibrio strains can improve microbiota stability, modulate immune responses, and competitively exclude pathogens. The focus is on Vibrio diabolicus (Ili strain) and its potential role in strengthening shrimp resilience against pathogenic Vibrio spp. Biosecurity considerations and challenges in incorporating beneficial Vibrio spp. into vibriosis management strategies are also addressed. By reframing vibrios as both threats and potential allies, this review proposes a new perspective for developing microbiome-based approaches for the sustainable control of vibriosis in shrimp aquaculture.},
}

@article {pmid41833938,
year = {2026},
author = {Li, D and Qu, ZS and Wang, C and Peng, ZH and Zhou, X and Cai, L},
title = {The Anna Karenina principle in the assembly of plant microbiome under pathogen stress.},
journal = {NPJ biofilms and microbiomes},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1038/s41522-026-00964-2},
pmid = {41833938},
issn = {2055-5008},
support = {U24A20343//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 32300009//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 32330002//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; XDB0810000//Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences/ ; },
abstract = {The Anna Karenina Principle (AKP) posits that healthy microbiomes converge toward similar compositional states, whereas dysbiotic microbiomes diverge into distinct and system-specific configurations. Despite its broad recognition in microbiome research, systematic evidence remains scarce as to whether pathogen stress drives plant microbiome assembly in accordance with AKP. To address this knowledge gap, we examined 1,410 samples from multiple compartments (bulk soil, rhizosphere soil, roots, stems, and seeds) across a continental-scale, comparing healthy and Fusarium stalk rot-infected maize using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, complemented with metagenomic sequencing of 93 selected rhizosphere and stem samples. By integrating variations of bacterial community diversity, beta dispersion, average variation degree, and a modified stochasticity ratio, we demonstrated that pathogen-induced microbiome shifts conform to AKP predictions. Notably, AKP-conforming stochastic assembly enriched oligotrophic taxa, resulting in microbial communities with higher GC content, smaller average genome size, and reduced 16S rRNA operon copy numbers. Moreover, the selective enrichment of specific functional traits (including peptidoglycan biosynthesis and degradation, chromatin structure and dynamics, and lipid transport and metabolism) was closely associated with AKP. Our findings support AKP as a useful framework for understanding plant microbiome assembly under pathogen pressure and provide new insights into plant-microbiome-pathogen interactions.},
}

@article {pmid41833944,
year = {2026},
author = {d'Haens, EJ and Debast, SB and Rossen, JWA and Visser, DH and Bergman, KA and Termote, JUM and Wolfs, TFW and Loeffen, YGT and Hutten, MC and Lorente Flores, C and Kornelisse, RF and Bekker, V and Nijholt, IM and Hemels, MAC},
title = {Short Antibiotic Treatment for Coagulase-negative Staphylococcal Sepsis in Premature Infants: A Multicenter Noninferiority Study.},
journal = {The Pediatric infectious disease journal},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1097/INF.0000000000005209},
pmid = {41833944},
issn = {1532-0987},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Optimizing antibiotic duration in neonatal intensive care units is essential for antimicrobial stewardship and microbiome preservation. However, the safety of short antibiotic courses for uncomplicated late-onset coagulase-negative staphylococcal (CoNS) sepsis remains uncertain.

AIM: To determine whether short (≤96 hours) antibiotic treatment of uncomplicated CoNS sepsis in premature infants admitted to a neonatal intensive care unit is noninferior to long treatment (>96 hours) by comparing relapse rates.

METHODS: This multicenter, observational cohort study reviewed all proven neonatal CoNS sepsis in premature births <32 weeks admitted to 8 neonatal intensive care units in the Netherlands between 2017 and 2020. Uncomplicated CoNS sepsis was defined as clinical recovery within 24-48 hours, no central venous line in place or removed after the onset of sepsis, no signs of necrotizing enterocolitis or infected thrombus, and no Staphylococcus lugdunensis bacteremia. Data on patient characteristics, antibiotic treatment and relapse rates were systematically collected. The incidence of relapse (<72 hours after discontinuation of treatment) was calculated as the proportion (%) of the total. The noninferiority margin was set at 2%. A Pnoninferiority value <0.025 was considered significant.

RESULTS: A total of 669 proven late-onset CoNS sepsis were identified. Of these, 390 were uncomplicated. Among uncomplicated cases, 172 were treated ≤96 hours and 218 >96 hours. Patient characteristics showed no significant differences. One relapse occurred in the short-treatment group (0.58%), none in the long-treatment group, with a significant Pnoninferiority value of 0.007.

CONCLUSIONS: The relapse rate in uncomplicated CoNS sepsis was extremely low (<1%), even with short-course treatment. In premature infants with uncomplicated CoNS sepsis, shorter antibiotic treatment is noninferior to longer treatment, confirming its safety and effectiveness.},
}

@article {pmid41834018,
year = {2026},
author = {Straub, D and Englert, T and Beller, A and Stadelmaier, J and Stahl, M and Kilian, J and Borzym, J and Rotermund, C and Akbuğa-Schön, T and Krakau, S and Czemmel, S and Weiler, S and Pettenkofer, M and Pettenkofer, J and Maser, U and Dammeier, S and Nieß, AM and Enderle, MD and Nahnsen, S},
title = {Resistance Training Reshapes the Gut Microbiome in a Longitudinal 8-Week Intervention in Sedentary Adults.},
journal = {Sports medicine - open},
volume = {12},
number = {1},
pages = {},
pmid = {41834018},
issn = {2199-1170},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The gut microbiome plays a critical role in metabolism, immunity, and aging. While endurance training has been shown to beneficially modulate the microbiome, the effects of resistance training remain less clear, with some studies reporting minimal changes. This project aims to investigate whether structured resistance training elicits significant changes in gut microbiome composition and diversity in sedentary, healthy adults. 150 participants (85 female, 63 male), between 24 and 61 years of age, completed an 8-week supervised resistance training program between May 2022 and July 2023 in the cities of Tübingen and Rottenburg, Germany. Session-level training data, including weights and repetitions, were recorded alongside metrics like load and compliance. Fecal samples were collected throughout the study period at designated timepoints for 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing to assess microbiome composition and for metabolomics analyses to evaluate microbial metabolic activity.

RESULTS: No differences in microbial diversity were observed, and there were no significant changes in microbial community composition or fecal metabolomics across all participants post-training. However, within-individual microbial community changes significantly correlated with strength improvement (Pearson correlation coefficient r = 0.167, p = 0.0004), and significantly stronger shifts in beta diversity were observed in participants with ≥ 33% average strength gains compared to those with ≤ 12.2% gains (Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test, p = 0.08). In these high responders, differential abundance analysis revealed time-dependent microbial changes, with 27 taxa enriched or depleted by week 8 of training (ANCOM-BC2, ≥ 2-fold change, p ≤ 0.05). Notably, Faecalibacterium and Roseburia hominis-both associated with a healthier, anti-inflammatory microbiome-were significantly enriched. Many differentially abundant taxa belonged to the Lachnospiraceae family.

CONCLUSIONS: Resistance training drives significant, time-dependent gut microbiome changes, particularly in those demonstrating greater improvements in strength. These shifts mirror endurance training effects and may reflect improved overall health.},
}

@article {pmid41834265,
year = {2026},
author = {Bradley, R and A Staab, C and E Jamieson, P and O Langley, B and O Metz, T and F Stevens, J},
title = {Safety and Tolerability of Xanthohumol in Adults With Crohn's Disease: Results of a Triple-Masked, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Phase 2 Trial.},
journal = {Molecular nutrition & food research},
volume = {70},
number = {6},
pages = {e70438},
pmid = {41834265},
issn = {1613-4133},
support = {R01HL146549/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States ; R01AT010271/AT/NCCIH NIH HHS/United States ; K24AT011568/AT/NCCIH NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *Propiophenones/adverse effects/therapeutic use ; *Crohn Disease/drug therapy ; Adult ; Male ; Female ; *Flavonoids/adverse effects/therapeutic use ; Middle Aged ; Double-Blind Method ; Young Adult ; gamma-Glutamyltransferase/blood ; Body Mass Index ; Humulus/chemistry ; },
abstract = {Xanthohumol (XN), a flavonoid from hops (Humulus lupulus), exhibits mucosal anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and microbiome-modulating effects, making it a candidate therapeutic for inflammatory bowel disease. We assessed the safety and tolerability of XN in adults with Crohn's disease (CD) over 8 weeks. In this randomized, triple-masked, placebo-controlled phase 2 trial, 20 adults with unremitted CD received either 24 mg/day XN or placebo for 8 weeks. Primary outcomes included clinical laboratory toxicology parameters, vital signs and adverse events (AEs). Disease activity was screened and assessed using the Crohn's Disease Activity Index (CDAI). XN was well tolerated, with adherence exceeding 95%. Neither halting nor stopping criteria were met, and all laboratory elevations were minor and transient in both groups. There were no attributable serious AEs in either group, and all moderate AEs were short-term and self-resolving. Between-group comparisons demonstrated differences for changes in BMI and gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), favoring XN: BMI: -0.67 (0.0, 1.3), p = 0.04 and GGT: -4.8 U/L, 95% CI 0.8-8.8, p = 0.02, which may reflect beneficial effects on hepatic and metabolic health in CD. XN at 24 mg/day was safe and well tolerated in adults with active CD, supporting further research in inflammatory bowel disease.},
}

Humans
*Propiophenones/adverse effects/therapeutic use
*Crohn Disease/drug therapy
Adult
Male
Female
*Flavonoids/adverse effects/therapeutic use
Middle Aged
Double-Blind Method
Young Adult
gamma-Glutamyltransferase/blood
Body Mass Index
Humulus/chemistry

@article {pmid41834313,
year = {2026},
author = {Giacomo Fassini, P and Rezzi, S},
title = {Omega-3 fatty acids and human health: why strong claims remain on fragile consensus.},
journal = {Current opinion in clinical nutrition and metabolic care},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1097/MCO.0000000000001224},
pmid = {41834313},
issn = {1473-6519},
abstract = {PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Omega-3 (ω-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) consumption remains widespread despite inconsistent reported health benefits. This review discusses multiple issues related to the efficiency of ω-3 PUFAs on human health including factors driving ω-3 PUFAs bioavailability and growing concerns about product quality.

RECENT FINDINGS: Recent clinical research reports ω-3 PUFAs benefits in various areas including cardiometabolic health, inflammation, cognitive protection, pregnancy outcomes, cancer and certain neuropsychiatric conditions. However, effects on healthy individuals and dietary recommendations need stronger clinical evidence. Heterogeneity in supplementation response involves genetic variability, microbiome, oxidative stress, diet and differences in supplementation protocols. Moreover, some of ω-3 PUFAs products are prone to significant oxidative degradation which can drastically reduce health benefits while possibly being detrimental. Yet ω-3 PUFAs oxidation status of products remains rarely reported and the effects of long-term consumption of oxidized lipids in humans still need to be established.

SUMMARY: Future clinical practices and research should shift toward biomarker-guided and personalized ω-3 PUFAs intervention strategies with mandatory prerequisite knowledge about product quality, e.g. dietary supplements and ω-3 PUFAs rich/fortified foods, and baseline blood-based ω-3 PUFAs nutritional status. Standardized reporting of formulation, oxidation status, and participant baseline characteristics is essential to clarify dose-response relationships and optimize therapeutic efficacy of ω-3 PUFAs.},
}

@article {pmid41834342,
year = {2026},
author = {Wade, SJ and Kumar, AA and Nitschke, SO and Joyce, P and Minaei, E and Reuter Lange, SE and Penney, C and Warren, H and Shepherd, R and Dinoro, JN and Wallace, GG and Dosseto, A and Ansar, S and Islam, N and Lochhead, A and Sharbeen, G and Phillips, PA and Aghmesheh, M and Hawthorne, WJ and Vine-Perrow, KL},
title = {Efficacy and Safety Assessment of 5-Fluorouracil, Irinotecan and Oxaliplatin-Loaded Implants in Mouse and Pig Models for Pancreatic Cancer Therapy.},
journal = {Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e22617},
doi = {10.1002/adma.202522617},
pmid = {41834342},
issn = {1521-4095},
support = {APP1165978//Pancare Foundation (administered by Cancer Australia)/ ; 2020/CDF1093//Cancer Institute NSW/ ; RSP-292-2024//Tour de Cure/ ; 2021/CBG0003//Sydney Partnership for Health, Education, Research and Enterprise/ ; },
abstract = {Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains highly resistant to treatment, with mortality rates largely unchanged despite advances in cancer therapies. For ∼80% of borderline, non-resectable, or metastatic cases, chemotherapy is predominantly palliative, underscoring the need for improved drug delivery approaches. This study presents the development, characterization and in vivo evaluation of a novel polymeric implant loaded with 5-fluorouracil, irinotecan, and oxaliplatin (FIRINOX). Scanning electron microscopy of FIRINOX implants showed internal microstructure was preserved upon drug loading, while micro-CT and X-ray imaging revealed valuable insights into the morphology and degradation of implants retrieved from in vivo experiments. In murine PDAC models, dose-escalation identified 4 × FIRINOX implants as the maximum tolerated dose, while 2 × implants achieved significant therapeutic efficacy at lower doses than IV administration, without compromising animal safety. In healthy pigs, 20 × FIRINOX implants were well-tolerated, as confirmed by histopathology and blood analysis. Finally, laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry imaging and microbiome analysis confirmed localized drug perfusion within tissues, and minimal off-target effects, including preservation of gut microbiota diversity. These findings support the potential of this implantable platform to improve outcomes in borderline or non-resectable PDAC and enhance tolerability of cytotoxic chemotherapy through localized, controlled delivery, addressing a key gap where current treatment options are limited.},
}

@article {pmid41834639,
year = {2026},
author = {Soliman, MS and Abbas, AM and Algebaly, HF and El-Kholy, AA and Soliman, NS},
title = {Metagenomics profiling of the lower respiratory tract microbiome and relevant respiratory pathogens in pediatric intensive care unit patients: a pilot exploratory study in Egypt.},
journal = {Acute and critical care},
volume = {41},
number = {1},
pages = {136-147},
pmid = {41834639},
issn = {2586-6060},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) are a leading cause of mortality in children. These infections disrupt the equilibrium of lower respiratory tract (LRT) microbiota, allowing respiratory pathogens to dominate. The conventional culture method has limitations in describing complex microbiomes and may fail in the detection of respiratory pathogens. In the present study, we sought to use the advanced technology of 16S metagenomics next-generation sequencing (16SmNGS) to characterize the LRT microbiome among children with LRTIs and to identify the underlying respiratory pathogens that commonly evade detection by traditional culture.

METHODS: Twenty LRT specimens from hospitalized children with LRTIs were analyzed using 16SmNGS, as well as standard microbiological culture.

RESULTS: The 16SmNGS taxonomical analysis revealed the highest relative abundances for Streptococcus (27.7%) and Escherichia (13.3%) genera, which belong to the phyla of Firmicutes (45.4%) and Proteobacteria (45.3%), respectively. Streptococcus pneumoniae (45%), Escherichia coli (45%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (15%), Staphylococcus aureus (10%), Acinetobacter baumannii (5%), and Haemophilus influenzae (5%) were the primary respiratory pathogens. Conventional culture failed to detect growth in 100%, 77.7%, and 55.5% of 16SmNGS-positive specimens for H. influenza, S. pneumoniae, and E. coli, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS: The 16SmNGS technique revealed a predominance of Streptococcus and Escherichia genera belonging to the phyla of Firmicutes and Proteobacteria in pediatric LRTIs. In this exploratory study, 16SmNGS was able to enhance the identification of significant respiratory pathogens, particularly those difficult to isolate in culture. However, to rule out contamination by flora, it is advisable not to interpret metagenomics results independently from culture, clinical, and radiological data. In addition, further clinical correlations are desired to reach appropriate clinical decisions.},
}

@article {pmid41834846,
year = {2025},
author = {Jiang, Y and Xiao, D and Zhou, J and Zhang, F and Xiong, Z and Shen, Q and Xiong, X},
title = {Role of probiotic supplementation in preventing ventilator-associated pneumonia among critically ill patients-a critical umbrella review of meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials.},
journal = {Frontiers in nutrition},
volume = {12},
number = {},
pages = {1719310},
pmid = {41834846},
issn = {2296-861X},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: In critically ill patients, gut microbiome balance is often disrupted by antibiotics and disease-related stress. Probiotics may strengthen gut barrier function and lower the risk of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), but their effectiveness in mechanically ventilated patients remains unclear. This umbrella review synthesizes evidence from systematic reviews on the association between probiotic therapy and VAP incidence.

METHODS: A comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, Scopus, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) for systematic reviews published from database inception to July 20, 2025. Data were extracted using a standardized form that had been pilot-tested prior to use. Data were synthesized using both narrative and quantitative approaches. The study protocol was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) (registration ID: CRD420251034247).

RESULTS: This umbrella review included 24 meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving 92,711 mechanically ventilated critically ill patients. Using a measurement tool to assess systematic reviews, version 2 (AMSTAR 2) tool, the methodological quality varied-a total of 4 were rated critically low, 12 were rated low, 1 was rated moderate, and 9 were rated high. Probiotic supplementation was associated with a reduced risk of VAP [odds ratio (OR) = 0.67, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.61-0.75; relative risk (RR) = 0.74, 95% CI: 0.69-0.80] and nosocomial infections (OR = 0.81, 95% CI: 0.73-0.90; RR = 0.84, 95% CI: 0.80-0.88). Probiotics showed modest reductions in intensive care unit (ICU) stay [weighted mean difference (WMD) = -1.30 days, 95% CI: -1.59 to-1.02], overall hospital stay (WMD = -1.29 days, 95% CI: -1.79 to -0.79), duration of mechanical ventilation (WMD = -1.64 days, 95% CI: -2.07 to -1.22), and antibiotic use (WMD = -1.26 days, 95% CI: -2.25 to -0.28). The risk of diarrhea decreased based on OR estimates (OR = 0.77, 95% CI: 0.67-0.88), whereas RR estimates did not show a statistically significant difference (RR = 0.98, 95% CI: 0.94-1.01). Probiotic use was associated with a statistically significant reduction in ICU mortality (OR = 0.86, 95% CI: 0.79-0.94; RR = 0.94, 95% CI: 0.90-0.98), whereas hospital mortality was reduced only in RR analyses (RR = 0.92, 95% CI: 0.88-0.97) and not in OR Analyses (OR = 0.92, 95% CI: 0.84-1.01).

CONCLUSION: Probiotics may offer potential benefits for mechanically ventilated, critically ill patients by reducing infections and improving certain clinical outcomes; however, the overall quality of the available evidence remains insufficient to support definitive conclusions.

https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD420251034247, CRD420251034247.},
}

@article {pmid41834861,
year = {2026},
author = {Zhang, Z and Hu, X and Ma, Y},
title = {Gut microbiota and ulcerative colitis: a bibliometric analysis of knowledge structure, research hotspots, and future directions.},
journal = {Frontiers in microbiology},
volume = {17},
number = {},
pages = {1765748},
pmid = {41834861},
issn = {1664-302X},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Ulcerative colitis (UC), a globally prevalent immune-mediated colonic disorder, is fundamentally linked to intestinal dysbiosis. Despite the exponential growth in related papers, systematic, data-driven bibliometric analyses including global productivity trends, international collaboration networks, citation impact distributions, and the temporal evolution of research topics remain lacking.

METHODS: We conducted a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of 5,879 articles and reviews sourced from the Web of Science Core Collection (WOSCC) and Dimensions (2004-2025). Publication outputs, international collaboration networks, institutional productivity, and keyword evolution were visualized using R-bibliometrix, VOSviewer, and CiteSpace. Lotka's law and Bradford's law were applied to assess author and journal productivity distributions, respectively. Burst detection algorithms identified emerging research frontiers.

RESULTS: Annual publications demonstrated exponential growth, escalating from 36 in 2004 to a projected 819 in 2024. Geographically, China dominated absolute output (n = 2,559), followed by the USA (n = 1,181), with these two nations collectively accounting for 63.6% of global publications, justifying their prominence as the two major hubs in this research field. Harvard Medical School exhibited the highest citation efficiency (296.6 citations per publication), contrasting with volume leaders like Zhejiang University (92 publications). Co-occurrence clustering revealed 18 distinct knowledge domains, converging on five accelerating frontiers: "fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT)," "short-chain fatty acids," "traditional Chinese medicine," "intestinal barrier mechanisms," and "nanoparticle-based microbiota modulation." Burst analysis confirmed these themes-initiated citation surges post-2017, with "nanoparticles" and "intestinal barrier" exhibiting the strongest recent momentum (2023-2025), indicating a paradigm shift from descriptive microbiome profiling to mechanistic, precision-targeted interventions.

CONCLUSION: The UC-microbiome research agenda has transitioned from correlative association studies to multi-layered therapeutic modulation. Future efforts should prioritize standardizing FMT protocols through randomized controlled trials, establishing multi-ethnic longitudinal cohorts to address population-specific microbiome signatures, elucidating dose-response relationships of microbial metabolites, and converging nanodelivery systems with microbiome engineering to optimize therapeutic precision and sustain remission.},
}

@article {pmid41834868,
year = {2026},
author = {Niu, M and Pan, J and Guo, Y and Zhang, F and Guan, H and Yang, X and Li, H and Xiong, H and Zhang, Y and Chen, Y},
title = {Neonatal jaundice and the infant gut microbiome: an integrated shotgun metagenomics and bidirectional Mendelian randomization study in Xinjiang.},
journal = {Frontiers in microbiology},
volume = {17},
number = {},
pages = {1761712},
pmid = {41834868},
issn = {1664-302X},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Neonatal jaundice is a common condition, yet inter-individual variation in its onset and severity cannot be fully explained by traditional clinical risk factors. Emerging evidence suggests that the infant gut microbiome may modulate bilirubin metabolism, but its compositional and functional signatures in jaundiced neonates remain incompletely defined. This study aimed to characterize the taxonomic and functional features of the gut microbiome in neonatal pathologic jaundice and to explore potential causal links using Mendelian randomization (MR).

METHODS: We conducted a case-control study of term infants with pathologic jaundice and matched healthy controls. Stool samples were subjected to shotgun metagenomic sequencing to assess microbial diversity, taxonomic composition, functional gene repertoires, and carbohydrate-active enzyme families, and publicly available genome-wide association study summary statistics were used to perform bidirectional MR between microbiome-related traits and neonatal jaundice.

RESULTS: Alpha diversity indices did not differ significantly between groups, whereas beta diversity based on Bray-Curtis dissimilarity showed clear separation of jaundiced and control infants, indicating a restructured microbial community rather than a simple loss of richness. Jaundiced neonates exhibited increased relative abundance of Gram-negative taxa, including Escherichia coli, and reduced levels of putatively beneficial genera such as Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus. Functionally, pathways involved in bile acid synthesis and metabolism, carbohydrate and energy metabolism, and cofactor and vitamin biosynthesis were enriched in the jaundiced group, accompanied by marked shifts in carbohydrate-active enzyme profiles. Forward MR suggested that several microbial metabolic pathways exert genetically predicted effects on jaundice risk, whereas reverse MR provided little evidence that genetic liability to jaundice substantially alters microbiome traits.

CONCLUSIONS: Neonatal pathologic jaundice is associated with distinctive compositional and functional alterations in the gut microbiome. Genetic evidence from MR supports a potential causal contribution of specific microbial pathways to jaundice risk, highlighting candidate targets for microbiome-based prevention or adjunctive therapy in early life.},
}

@article {pmid41834873,
year = {2026},
author = {Duan, Y and Zhang, H and He, C and Gao, G and Tang, Q},
title = {Effects of different rotation crops on soil physicochemical properties and microbial community structure in continuous cotton fields.},
journal = {Frontiers in microbiology},
volume = {17},
number = {},
pages = {1740768},
pmid = {41834873},
issn = {1664-302X},
abstract = {Cotton monoculture is widespread in the oasis cotton-growing region of Xinjiang. Long-term continuous cropping has led to declines in soil fertility and imbalances in microbial communities, constraining sustainable, green production. Crop rotation is an effective agronomic practice to mitigate the deleterious effects of continuous cropping; however, the selection of rotation crops and the regulatory mechanisms by which rotation reshapes the soil micro-ecology require systematic clarification. Using continuous cotton (CK) cropping as the control, we combined high-throughput amplicon sequencing with soil physicochemical analyses to evaluate the effects of four previous-crop schemes-cotton → peanut (CPC), cotton → soybean (CSC), cotton → rapeseed (CRC), and cotton → maize (CMC)-on soil properties and the microbial community structure. Relative to CK, the CPC, CSC, and CRC treatments led to significantly reductions in yield and gross output value ranging from 38.72 to 62.23% and 34.54 to 55.35%, respectively. Although the net profit under CPC treatment decreased by 36.27% relative to CK, the benefit-cost ratio showed no significant difference. CPC significantly increased soil organic matter, available phosphorus, NH4[+]-N, and NO3[-]-N, while decreasing the pH and electrical conductivity, demonstrating the best overall improvement in soil fertility. In the fungal community, under CPC, Basidiomycota and Mortierellomycota significantly increased by 17.15 and 52.37%, respectively, whereas Basidiomycota significantly increased under CSC and CRC (by 17.15 and 20.58%). Functional guild analysis indicated that all four rotation schemes significantly reduced the relative abundance of plant pathogen fungi, with the greatest decrease under CPC (36.80%), with statistically significant differences. In the bacterial community, CPC significantly increased Actinobacteriota, Gemmatimonadota, and Firmicutes by 16.20, 15.75, and 29.73%, respectively, while CRC rose substantially Bacteroidota by 28.58%. Bacterial metabolism constituted the major predicted functional category (79.27-79.68%), no significant differences between treatments. Redundancy analysis identified soil moisture and the N/P ratio as key drivers of the variation in the fungal community, while bacterial communities were regulated by N/P, pH, and organic matter. Overall, rotation alleviated continuous-cropping constraints by optimizing soil properties and the soil microbial structure. The results provide an empirical basis for improving soil microbiomes and designing sustainable planting strategies in oasis cotton systems.},
}

@article {pmid41834875,
year = {2026},
author = {Yang, L and Li, T and Liu, R and Zhang, Y and Ainiwaer, M and Wang, S and Liu, Z and Yang, K and Wang, C},
title = {Effects of letrozole supplementation on growth performance, blood indexes, ruminal fermentation parameters, and microbiome composition of hu lambs.},
journal = {Frontiers in microbiology},
volume = {17},
number = {},
pages = {1734219},
pmid = {41834875},
issn = {1664-302X},
abstract = {This study aimed to explore the effects of dietary letrozole (LE) supplementation on growth performance, rumen microbiota, fermentation profiles, and blood metabolites in Hu lambs, providing insights into its potential for enhancing animal production. Twenty-eight male Hu lambs (20.21 kg ± 0.56 kg, 70 days old) were randomly assigned to four groups, with seven replicates per group: a control group (CON), and three test groups (T1, T2, T3). Lambs in the CON group were fed a basal diet, while T1, T2, and T3 groups received 0.05, 0.1, and 0.2 mg/kg BW of LE, respectively, in addition to the basal diet. The experiment lasted for 46 days. The findings were as follows: (1) There were no significant differences among groups in Initial Body Weight (IBW), Final Body Weight (FBW), Average Daily Feed Intake (ADFI), Average Daily Gain (ADG), and feed conversion ratio throughout the entire trial (P > 0.05). (2) Compared with the CON group, plasma testosterone (T) concentrations in Groups T2 and T3 were significantly elevated at 0 h post-supplementation (P < 0.05). Compared with the control group, nitric oxide (NO) levels in Groups T1 and T2 were significantly reduced 4 h after LE supplementation (P < 0.05). (3)Nitric oxide (NO) levels in experimental groups exhibited a secondary change 4 h after supplementation (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in plasma Total Antioxidant Capacity (T-AOC), Catalase (CAT), Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), Glutathione Peroxidase (GSH-Px), or Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels between 0 h pre-supplementation and 4 h post-supplementation across all experimental groups (P > 0.05). At 0 h before and 4 h after supplementation, Total Protein (TP), Albumin (ALB), and Globulin (GLB) levels in all experimental groups showed no significant differences compared to the CON group (P > 0.05). (4) Ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) levels were extremely significantly higher in all test groups compared to the CON group (P < 0.05). Propionic acid and isovaleric acid concentrations in Group T3 were significantly higher than in the CON group (P < 0.01), while the ethyl-to-propyl ratio was significantly lower (P < 0.01). (5) At the phylum level, LE-treated groups showed a higher relative abundance of Firmicutes than the CON group (21.04%), with increases proportional to the LE dose: Group T3 (37.88%), Group T2 (32.74%), and Group T1 (30.66%). At the family level, the relative abundance of Prevotellaceae was significantly lower in all test groups compared to the CON group (P < 0.05), while Lachnospiraceae abundance was significantly higher in the test groups (P < 0.01). Under the experimental conditions, supplemental feeding of LE did not significantly affect the overall growth performance of lambs. but it did increase plasma testosterone concentration, elevated the relative abundance of Firmicutes in the rumen, reduced the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes, and altered the rumen fermentation pattern. This shift occurred by decreasing the acetate-to-propionate ratio, increasing isovaleric acid concentration, and promoting a propionic acid fermentation pattern, thereby improving feed utilization. Among all groups, the optimal supplemental feeding rate was determined to be 0.2 mg/kg BW.},
}

@article {pmid41834876,
year = {2026},
author = {Iqbal, M},
title = {Microbial biocontrol agents and the rhizosphere microbiome: integrating ecological function and climate resilience in sustainable agriculture.},
journal = {Frontiers in microbiology},
volume = {17},
number = {},
pages = {1771649},
pmid = {41834876},
issn = {1664-302X},
abstract = {The growing challenges of food insecurity, soil degradation, and climate-induced stresses are exposing the limitations of chemically intensive crop protection systems. In this context, the rhizosphere microbiome, comprising complex microbial networks that regulate plant growth, nutrient acquisition, and immune responses, has emerged as a promising focus for more sustainable agricultural practices. Microbial biocontrol agents (BCAs) are increasingly recognized not only for their pathogen-suppressive properties but also for their potential to modulate rhizosphere microbial communities and contribute to plant tolerance to abiotic stressors. This review synthesizes recent advances in understanding the ecological and mechanistic interplay between BCAs and the rhizosphere microbiome, highlighting how microbial inoculants can influence community assembly, functional processes, and microbiome resilience under biotic and abiotic stress conditions. Drawing on molecular and ecological evidence, the synthesis integrates current knowledge of BCA-mediated regulation of plant defense signalling, nutrient cycling, and stress-associated responses. Key knowledge gaps related to inoculant persistence, ecological compatibility, and microbiome-level trade-offs that limit field-scale effectiveness are also identified. To address these challenges, a microbiome-informed conceptual framework is proposed, emphasizing precision-designed synthetic microbial communities (SynComs), trait-based screening, host-microbiome co-optimization, and integration of BCAs into resilient Integrated Pest Management (IPM) strategies. In summary, this review provides a systems-level perspective on how rhizosphere microbiome dynamics can be leveraged to support sustainable climate-smart crop production.},
}

@article {pmid41834955,
year = {2026},
author = {Zhou, X},
title = {[The Oral Microecological Theory of Dental Caries].},
journal = {Sichuan da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Sichuan University. Medical science edition},
volume = {57},
number = {1},
pages = {1-7},
pmid = {41834955},
issn = {1672-173X},
mesh = {*Dental Caries/microbiology/prevention & control ; Humans ; *Microbiota/physiology ; *Mouth/microbiology ; Homeostasis ; Dysbiosis/microbiology ; Oral Health ; },
abstract = {The microecological theory represents the current understanding of dental caries etiology, emphasizing that the dynamic balance of the structure and function of the oral microbial community plays a central role in the initiation and progression of caries. This theory posits that dental caries is not caused by a single specific pathogen, but rather results from dysbiosis-an imbalance-of the entire oral microecosystem. By redefining caries from an "infectious disease" to an "ecological imbalance disorder," the microecological theory offers a novel perspective for caries prevention, early intervention, and precision treatment. It underscores that maintaining the homeostasis of the oral microecology is more critical than simply eradicating bacteria, and that ecological approaches represent a key strategy for population-level caries prevention. Homeostatic medicine emphasizes that the dynamic equilibrium of the body's internal environment is fundamental to health. As a major microbial habitat and immunological interface, the oral cavity plays a pivotal role in the body's overall homeostatic network. The stability of the oral microbiome is thus a crucial node in systemic homeostasis. Homeostatic medicine provides a systems-oriented framework for understanding dental caries, shifting the paradigm ofcaries management from "fighting pathogens "toward "preserving ecological balance". This integrative approach aims to achieve the broader goal of promoting systemic homeostasis through local oral health promotion.},
}

*Dental Caries/microbiology/prevention & control
Humans
*Microbiota/physiology
*Mouth/microbiology
Homeostasis
Dysbiosis/microbiology
Oral Health

@article {pmid41834958,
year = {2026},
author = {Wan, K and Yang, C and Chen, N and Chen, F},
title = {[The Impact of Oral Microecology on the Development of Inflammatory Bowel Disease].},
journal = {Sichuan da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Sichuan University. Medical science edition},
volume = {57},
number = {1},
pages = {30-36},
pmid = {41834958},
issn = {1672-173X},
mesh = {Humans ; *Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/microbiology/immunology ; *Mouth/microbiology ; *Dysbiosis/microbiology/complications ; *Microbiota ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; Fusobacterium nucleatum ; Porphyromonas gingivalis ; },
abstract = {This article systematically reviews the associations and mechanisms between the oral microbiome and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Relevant literature was retrieved from the PubMed database from January 2000 to October 2025, and 77 articles meeting the criteria for inductive analysis were selected. The results confirm a bidirectional causal relationship between oral dysbiosis and IBD: patients with IBD exhibit reduced oral microbial diversity, increased abundance of pathogenic bacteria (such as Fusobacterium nucleatum and Porphyromonas gingivalis), and a more active oral immune environment. Oral pathogens can migrate to the gut via the oral-gut axis, directly disrupting the intestinal barrier and microbial homeostasis or activating systemic and intestinal immune responses through pathways such as miRNAs carried by exosomes and immune cell migration, thereby exacerbating IBD. However, current studies have several limitations, including small sample sizes, high heterogeneity in conclusions, lack of longitudinal data, and insufficient technical compatibility. Future research should expand investigations into the roles of oral fungi and viruses and integrate multiomics technologies to advance the clinical translation of oral microbiota in IBD diagnosis and treatment.},
}

Humans
*Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/microbiology/immunology
*Mouth/microbiology
*Dysbiosis/microbiology/complications
*Microbiota
Gastrointestinal Microbiome
Fusobacterium nucleatum
Porphyromonas gingivalis

@article {pmid41834964,
year = {2026},
author = {Ma, T and Lian, B and Wu, Z and Zhao, J},
title = {[Differences in Oral and Gut Microbiome Composition Among Preschool Children in Urumqi During the Deciduous and Mixed Dentition Periods].},
journal = {Sichuan da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Sichuan University. Medical science edition},
volume = {57},
number = {1},
pages = {82-89},
pmid = {41834964},
issn = {1672-173X},
mesh = {Humans ; Child, Preschool ; *Tooth, Deciduous/growth & development/microbiology ; *Mouth/microbiology ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; *Dentition, Mixed ; Saliva/microbiology ; Male ; Female ; Feces/microbiology ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics ; China ; },
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To analyze the oral and gut microbial composition in preschool children during the deciduous and mixed dentition stages, and to investigate the characteristics of microbiota across different dentition stages.

METHODS: Using 16S rRNA gene-based third-generation sequencing, this study analyzed saliva and fecal samples collected from 10 children with deciduous dentition and 10 with mixed dentition. The composition and differences in oral and gut microbiota between the two groups were compared.

RESULTS: The differences in microbial richness (Chao1 index) and evenness (Shannon index) between the oral cavity and intestine were statistically significant (P = 0.001). Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Bacteroidetes were the three dominant phyla at both sites. At the genus level, Neisseria and Streptococcus were abundant in the oral cavity, while Bacteroides and Faecalibacterium predominated in the gut. o_Lactobacillus (LDA = 5.04, P < 0.001) was identified as a marker genus in the oral cavity during the deciduous dentition period, while g_Neisseria (LDA = 5.15, P < 0.001) served as an oral marker genus in children with mixed dentition. In the gut, marker genera during the deciduous dentition period included o_Bacteroides (LDA = 5.17, P < 0.001) and f_Lachnospiraceae (LDA = 5.16, P < 0.001), whereas f_Ruminococcus (LDA = 5.09, P < 0.001) and g_Faecalibacterium (LDA = 5.03, P < 0.001) were marker genera during the mixed dentition period. Upregulation of pathways including lactose degradation and nitrate reduction was observed in the oral microbiota, in contrast to the gut microbiota, where enhanced activity of the methanogenesis from acetate pathway was noted.

CONCLUSION: The composition of oral and gut microbiota varies among children at different dentition stages. As dentition changes, the structural diversity and metabolic functions of both oral and gut microbiota also change.},
}

Humans
Child, Preschool
*Tooth, Deciduous/growth & development/microbiology
*Mouth/microbiology
*Gastrointestinal Microbiome
*Dentition, Mixed
Saliva/microbiology
Male
Female
Feces/microbiology
RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics
China

@article {pmid41834973,
year = {2026},
author = {Zhang, S and Li, Y and Yang, Z and Huang, H and Pan, Y},
title = {[Recent Research Progress and Prospects on Periodontitis Affecting Systemic Comorbidities via the Oral-Gut Axis].},
journal = {Sichuan da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Sichuan University. Medical science edition},
volume = {57},
number = {1},
pages = {15-23},
pmid = {41834973},
issn = {1672-173X},
mesh = {Humans ; *Periodontitis/complications/microbiology ; Animals ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; Comorbidity ; *Mouth/microbiology ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid/epidemiology ; Cardiovascular Diseases/epidemiology/etiology ; Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiology/etiology ; Dysbiosis ; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/epidemiology/etiology ; Inflammation ; },
abstract = {Periodontitis is a prevalent chronic infectious and inflammatory disease worldwide, which imposes harms extending far beyond the oral cavity. A large body of research has demonstrated that periodontitis is closely associated with various systemic diseases, such as diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, inflammatory bowel disease, and rheumatoid arthritis. Serving as a crucial pathway connecting the oral cavity to the entire body, the oral-gut axis becomes the core mechanism through which periodontitis affects systemic health, primarily via the ectopic colonization of salivary microbiota, intestinal dysbiosis, intestinal barrier disruption, and systemic inflammation. This review summarizes recent studies focusing on how periodontitis influences systemic comorbidities via the oral-gut axis, encompassing clinical studies, animal experimental and in vitro research. We summarize the research progress regarding how periodontitis perturbs intestinal homeostasis through ectopic colonization of oral pathogenic bacteria, immunoinflammation, host factor regulation, and metabolic disorders, and eventually affects systemic diseases via the oral-gut axis. This review aims to provide a new perspective for the prevention and treatment of periodontitis-related systemic comorbidities.},
}

Humans
*Periodontitis/complications/microbiology
Animals
*Gastrointestinal Microbiome
Comorbidity
*Mouth/microbiology
Arthritis, Rheumatoid/epidemiology
Cardiovascular Diseases/epidemiology/etiology
Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiology/etiology
Dysbiosis
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/epidemiology/etiology
Inflammation

@article {pmid41834983,
year = {2026},
author = {Shang, X and Wang, Z and Ge, S},
title = {[Research Progress on Microbiome-Driven Mechanisms and Intervention Strategies for Oral Malodor].},
journal = {Sichuan da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Sichuan University. Medical science edition},
volume = {57},
number = {1},
pages = {37-43},
pmid = {41834983},
issn = {1672-173X},
mesh = {*Halitosis/microbiology/prevention & control/therapy ; Humans ; *Microbiota/physiology ; *Mouth/microbiology ; Probiotics/therapeutic use ; Porphyromonas gingivalis/metabolism ; Fusobacterium nucleatum/metabolism ; Antimicrobial Peptides/therapeutic use ; Periodontitis/microbiology ; },
abstract = {Oral malodor, a common oral symptom, is primarily caused by the metabolic activities of oral microorganisms. The characteristic odors mainly originate from volatile sulfur compounds produced and released by oral bacteria (such as Fusobacterium nucleatum and Porphyromonas gingivalis) through specific enzymatic systems that break down sulfur-containing amino acids in saliva, gingival crevicular fluid, and food debris. Research indicates that various factors, including periodontitis, fungal infections, smoking, and obesity, can worsen oral malodor by altering the oral microenvironment. For prevention and treatment, novel interventions such as plant extracts, antimicrobial peptides, and probiotics demonstrate superior microbiological safety compared to traditional antimicrobial drugs. These approaches specifically inhibit pathogenic bacteria, disrupt biofilm structures, and regulate oral microbial balance. This review summarizes relevant research advances to provide new theoretical foundations and practical directions for the precise prevention and treatment of oral malodor.},
}

*Halitosis/microbiology/prevention & control/therapy
Humans
*Microbiota/physiology
*Mouth/microbiology
Probiotics/therapeutic use
Porphyromonas gingivalis/metabolism
Fusobacterium nucleatum/metabolism
Antimicrobial Peptides/therapeutic use
Periodontitis/microbiology

@article {pmid41835006,
year = {2026},
author = {Ho, YS and Christidis, M},
title = {Commentary: Global research on the crosstalk between intestinal microbiome and colorectal cancer: a visualization analysis.},
journal = {Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology},
volume = {16},
number = {},
pages = {1779577},
pmid = {41835006},
issn = {2235-2988},
}

@article {pmid41835010,
year = {2026},
author = {Mei, S and Ye, J and Teng, Y and Chen, Y and Long, Y and Zhao, X and Cen, X and Zhang, X and Zhu, C},
title = {Longitudinal associations between PM2.5 with gestational diabetes mellitus mediated by gut microbiome and potential mechanism: based on a prospective pregnant women cohort in China.},
journal = {Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology},
volume = {16},
number = {},
pages = {1749504},
pmid = {41835010},
issn = {2235-2988},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; Pregnancy ; *Diabetes, Gestational/epidemiology/etiology/microbiology ; *Particulate Matter/adverse effects ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome/drug effects ; China/epidemiology ; Adult ; Feces/microbiology ; Prospective Studies ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics ; Air Pollutants/adverse effects ; Dysbiosis ; Bacteria/classification/genetics/isolation & purification ; Longitudinal Studies ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Exposure to particulate matter pollution with aerodynamic diameters < 2.5 μm (PM2.5) has been linked to gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and gut microbiota dysbiosis. However, few studies have illustrated the associations among PM2.5 exposure, gut microbiota, blood metabolites, circular RNAs (circRNAs) and GDM risk. This study aimed to explore the moderating effects of the gut microbiota on the association between PM2.5 exposure and GDM, and to analyze the interaction network of PM2.5 exposure, gut microbiota, blood metabolites and circRNAs.

METHODS: Participants (n = 1,248) were selected from the Pregnancy Metabolic Disease and Adverse Pregnancy Outcome (PMDAPO) cohort in Guangzhou, China. Demographic information, blood and fecal samples were collected from the participants. The fecal microbial composition and relative abundance were characterized using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, while blood differential metabolites and circRNAs of pregnant women with GDM were assessed using non-targeted metabolomics and RT-qPCR, respectively. Exposure levels of air pollutants were assessed using data from the nearest monitoring station. Spearman correlation and regression models were conducted to estimate the associations among PM2.5 exposure, gut microbiota, blood metabolites, circRNAs and GDM.

RESULTS: Elevated PM2.5 exposure levels were significantly associated with an increased risk of GDM, impaired glucose homeostasis and gut microbiota dysbiosis. Solobacterium and Escherichia_Shigella showed a positive effect modification on the association between PM2.5 exposure and fasting blood glucose, while Fusicatenibacter, Ruminococcaceae_UBA1819, Raoultibacter, Anaerofustis and Phascolarctobacterium showed a negative effect modification on the association between PM2.5 exposure and 2-h OGTT glucose. GDM-associated gut microbiota, including Catabacter, Angelakisella, Romboutsia and Fusicatenibacter, were associated with both GDM-associated metabolites (such as sphinganine-1-phosphate, sphingomyelin) and GDM-associated circRNAs (such as hsa_circ_0006732 and hsa_circ_0001439), which were involved in glycerophospholipid metabolism, sphingolipid metabolism and insulin signaling pathway.

CONCLUSIONS: The gut microbiota may moderate the associations between PM2.5 exposure and blood glucose levels, and both PM2.5 exposure and gut microbiota may be related to GDM, potentially involving pathways such as glycerophospholipid metabolism, sphingolipid metabolism and the insulin signaling pathway. However, lifestyle factors (diet and physical activity) and residential mobility were not measured, and the fecal microbiota was assessed at a single time point in mid-pregnancy. Thus, these limitations may contribute to residual confounding, exposure misclassification, and limited causal inference.},
}

Humans
Female
Pregnancy
*Diabetes, Gestational/epidemiology/etiology/microbiology
*Particulate Matter/adverse effects
*Gastrointestinal Microbiome/drug effects
China/epidemiology
Adult
Feces/microbiology
Prospective Studies
RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics
Air Pollutants/adverse effects
Dysbiosis
Bacteria/classification/genetics/isolation & purification
Longitudinal Studies

@article {pmid41835129,
year = {2026},
author = {Milke, F and Garcia, SL and Simon, M and Pacheco-Valenciana, A and Lennartz, ST},
title = {Microbial cohorts: bringing ecological meaning to the modularity concept of co-occurrence networks.},
journal = {ISME communications},
volume = {6},
number = {1},
pages = {ycag037},
pmid = {41835129},
issn = {2730-6151},
abstract = {Microbial communities are structured through complex interactions that are difficult to observe directly. Co-occurrence networks offer a way to infer community structure, revealing (not exclusively) potential biotic interactions. Such networks have been inferred for diverse biomes and repeatedly found to be modular, yet the ecological significance of this modularity remains underexplored. We tested whether clusters within co-occurrence networks ("cohorts"), are universal and ecologically meaningful units by assessing their ubiquity, stability, and environmental specificity across diverse ecosystems. Our meta-analysis spans 25 previously published 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing datasets (14 160 samples) and covers high environmental variability ranging from aquatic, terrestrial to anthropogenic environments. Microbial co-occurrence networks consistently exhibited high modularity across biomes. Inferred cohorts were ubiquitous and represented up to 90% of the community composition. Our findings demonstrate that modularity is a fundamental and generalizable feature of microbial community organization, indicating the existence of stable subcommunities. Highly similar cohorts were inferred even across different, unconnected environments and datasets, and showed consistent responses to environmental gradients, indicating that their composition is to a large degree deterministic and predictable. The overall cohort structure and environmental preferences were independent of the sample size and the inference algorithm, underlining the robustness and applicability of the results. Recognizing these microbial cohorts as a meaningful level of microbial organization will refine microbial community ecology, cultivation strategies, and predictive modelling of microbial dynamics.},
}

@article {pmid41835221,
year = {2026},
author = {Malykhina, AP},
title = {Shaping the future of abdominal and pelvic pain research with novel scientific and technological advances.},
journal = {Frontiers in pain research (Lausanne, Switzerland)},
volume = {7},
number = {},
pages = {1738762},
pmid = {41835221},
issn = {2673-561X},
abstract = {Abdominal and pelvic pain often originates from one or more visceral organs of the gastrointestinal, musculoskeletal (pelvic floor), urinary, or reproductive systems. Over the past decade, research efforts on abdominal and pelvic pain have advanced considerably, driven by the discovery of new molecular targets, signaling pathways, targeted genetic editing, the use of human tissues, and comprehensive multiomic analyses. Increasingly, the field prioritizes combinatorial and integrative studies that bridge human clinical research with relevant animal models to accelerate the development of novel therapies for affected patients. In addition to established areas of pain research-such as the modulatory role of the central nervous system in chronic pelvic pain (CPP), stress-induced visceral hypersensitivity, sex differences, brain-gut interactions, microbiome influences, comorbidities, and neuromodulation-new research directions continue to emerge. These include exploring the effects of inflammaging and immune regulation in transition from acute to CPP, applying microphysiological systems (MPS) in pain research studies, integrating multiomics analyses, and employing combined artificial intelligence (AI) approaches. This article presents current perspectives on cutting-edge scientific trends and technological innovations shaping the field of abdominal and pelvic pain research.},
}

@article {pmid41835234,
year = {2026},
author = {Mandolini, E and Szedlacsek, S and Abramczyk, B and Szucs, A and Staykova, A and Seybold, A and Knapp, M and Pawłowska, J and Ladurner, P and Peintner, U},
title = {Cryptocalciella - a new Mortierellaceae genus from Alpine glacier forefields.},
journal = {IMA fungus},
volume = {17},
number = {},
pages = {e177912},
pmid = {41835234},
issn = {2210-6340},
abstract = {Mortierellaceae are cosmopolitan, soil-inhabiting fungi that can be found in nearly all terrestrial habitat types and are therefore considered an essential part of the core soil microbiome. Many species of this family are known to endure harsh environments, including highly exposed and nutrient-depleted terrains such as glacier forefields. In these environments, microbial communities are taxonomically and functionally diverse, greatly contributing to nutrient cycling, soil organic matter formation, and plant establishment. However, there is growing understanding that Mortierellaceae diversity in these habitats remains largely undescribed. In this study, we isolated multiple fungal strains belonging to a previously unknown Mortierellaceae taxon from early stages of soil development in calcareous glacier forefields of the Alps and comprehensively characterized them using different tools: physiological tests, detection of associated bacteria, and microscopic observations (e.g., light, fluorescence, and scanning electron microscopy) to visualize their morphology and surface structure. Additionally, whole-genome sequencing and phylogenomics were used to determine their placement within Mortierellaceae. Our results show that the isolated strains represent a new species within a previously undescribed fungal genus. Due to the strains' origin in hidden, calcareous sediments of the earliest soil developmental stages at glacier forefields, we propose the name Cryptocalciella humilis Mandolini, Szedlacsek & Peintner for this fungus.},
}

@article {pmid41828642,
year = {2026},
author = {Sadurski, J and Ostrowska, M and Staniszewski, A and Waśko, A},
title = {Genomic Plasticity and Functional Reweighting Facilitate Microbial Adaptation During the Ripening of Artisanal Goat Cheese.},
journal = {International journal of molecular sciences},
volume = {27},
number = {5},
pages = {},
pmid = {41828642},
issn = {1422-0067},
mesh = {*Cheese/microbiology ; Animals ; Goats ; *Genome, Bacterial ; *Adaptation, Physiological/genetics ; Metagenomics/methods ; Metagenome ; Food Microbiology ; Phylogeny ; },
abstract = {This study presents a genome-resolved shotgun metagenomic analysis of artisanal raw-milk goat cheese from the Masurian region of Poland, addressing the limited understanding of strain-level diversification and functional restructuring during traditional cheese ripening. While microbial succession in cheese has been widely described, comprehensive genome-resolved analyses integrating strain-level genomic heterogeneity, pathway reweighting, and mobile genetic elements in artisanal goat cheese remain scarce. By combining taxonomic profiling with metagenome-assembled genome (MAG) reconstruction and pathway-level functional analysis, we characterised microbial succession and genome plasticity across ripening stages. Genome reconstruction yielded 37 MAGs during early ripening and 141 MAGs in mature cheese, revealing increased genome recoverability and pronounced strain-level heterogeneity within dominant taxa, including Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, Lacticaseibacillus paracasei, and Lactococcus lactis. Alpha diversity increased in mature samples, consistent with progressive community restructuring. Functional profiling demonstrated coordinated metabolic reweighting, particularly within carbohydrate metabolism, while amino acid and lipid metabolism remained proportionally stable. Genome-resolved analyses further identified tetracycline- and sulfonamide-associated resistance determinants and diverse bacteriophages targeting lactic acid bacteria, highlighting the role of mobile genetic elements in horizontal gene transfer and microevolutionary adaptation during ripening.},
}

*Cheese/microbiology
Animals
Goats
*Genome, Bacterial
*Adaptation, Physiological/genetics
Metagenomics/methods
Metagenome
Food Microbiology
Phylogeny

@article {pmid41828645,
year = {2026},
author = {Smolińska, K and Tomaszewska, E and Hułas-Stasiak, M and Muszyński, S and Szopa, A and Serefko, A and Dobrowolski, P},
title = {The Regulatory Role of FABP4 in Microbiome-Brain-Gut Communication Under High-Fat-Diet Conditions.},
journal = {International journal of molecular sciences},
volume = {27},
number = {5},
pages = {},
pmid = {41828645},
issn = {1422-0067},
mesh = {*Fatty Acid-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; Humans ; *Diet, High-Fat/adverse effects ; Animals ; *Brain/metabolism ; Dysbiosis/metabolism ; Inflammation/metabolism ; },
abstract = {High-fat diets (HFDs) are major environmental factors influencing metabolic homeostasis, immune regulation, and brain function, largely through their effects on gut microbiota and intestinal barrier integrity. Disruption of the microbiome-brain-gut axis has been increasingly implicated in systemic and neuroinflammatory processes; however, the molecular mediators that integrate dietary lipid signals with microbial and host responses remain incompletely defined. This review synthesizes the current evidence on the role of fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4) as an integrative node linking HFD-induced gut dysbiosis to systemic and central inflammatory signaling. We critically evaluated experimental and translational studies addressing HFD-driven alterations in gut microbiota composition, intestinal barrier function, and inflammatory pathways, with particular emphasis on FABP4-mediated mechanisms across epithelial, immune, and neural compartments. The available data indicate that FABP4 responds to dietary and microbiome-derived cues and contributes to coordinated metabolic and inflammatory responses, affecting both peripheral tissues and the central nervous system. These findings support a model in which FABP4 participates in diet-driven feedback loops that amplify gut barrier dysfunction, immune activation, and neuroinflammation. In conclusion, FABP4 emerges as a central molecular mediator within the microbiome-brain-gut axis under HFD conditions, highlighting its potential relevance in understanding the pathophysiology of metabolic and neuroinflammatory disorders and guiding future integrative research strategies.},
}

*Fatty Acid-Binding Proteins/metabolism
*Gastrointestinal Microbiome
Humans
*Diet, High-Fat/adverse effects
Animals
*Brain/metabolism
Dysbiosis/metabolism
Inflammation/metabolism

@article {pmid41828691,
year = {2026},
author = {Oršolić, N and Toljanić, B and Odeh, D and Čuljak, N and Šešelja, K and Baus Lončar, M and Đikić, D and Leboš Pavunc, A and Kos, B},
title = {Anti-Atherogenic Activities of Exopolysaccharides and Their Producing Strain Limosilactobacillus fermentum MC1 in Mice.},
journal = {International journal of molecular sciences},
volume = {27},
number = {5},
pages = {},
pmid = {41828691},
issn = {1422-0067},
support = {IP-2019-04-2237 and IP-2024-05-6548//The Croatian Science Foundation/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Limosilactobacillus fermentum/metabolism/chemistry ; Mice ; *Atherosclerosis/metabolism/prevention & control/drug therapy/pathology ; *Polysaccharides, Bacterial/pharmacology ; Male ; Biomarkers ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome/drug effects ; Lipid Metabolism/drug effects ; },
abstract = {Atherosclerosis, the leading cause of death worldwide, is a chronic inflammatory disease leading to the accumulation of lipid-rich plaques within the artery wall. Accumulating evidence indicates that intestinal microbiota plays an important regulatory role in atherosclerosis at all stages of the disease. Through numerous metabolites, the intestinal microbiota can regulate immune and inflammatory cells and their mediators, as well as lipid metabolism, thereby contributing to the development and progression of atherosclerosis. With these assumptions in mind, we investigated the possibility of using Limosilactobacillus fermentum MC1 (L. fermentum MC1) and its exopolysaccharides (EPSs) in the reduction of lipid and atherogenic parameters as a preventive strategy in preventing the occurrence of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). We investigated the effect of L. fermentum MC1 and its EPSs on the health status of mice by monitoring the following parameters: body weight, colon length and weight, relative weight of organs, hematological (Hgb, WBC, number of erythrocytes, MCHC, MCV, MCH), and biochemical blood parameters including glucose, serum enzymes (ALT, ALP, amylase), urea, creatinine and lipid profile (total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL, VLDL, LDL), different atherogenic parameters, blood biomarkers such as lymphocyte-to-monocyte (LMR) and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte (NLR) ratios, molecular inflammatory markers (IL1β, IL6, MCP1, IL1α, TLR4, TNFα, CD68, TGFβ), apoptosis markers (BCL2, AIFM1, IGF-1R), and endoplasmic reticulum stress markers (CHOP and GRP94) as well as oxidative stress (NOX2) markers in the colon. Furthermore, the level of lipid peroxidation, nitric oxide and glutathione concentrations in the liver, kidneys and spleen were measured. L. fermentum MC1 and its EPSs may prevent the development of atherosclerosis and the progression of CVD through antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory activities, and regulation of the gut microbiome and lipid metabolism. The observed reduction in lipid and atherogenic determinants suggests that L. fermentum MC1 and its EPSs may contribute to atheroprotection and confer multiple health benefits.},
}

Animals
*Limosilactobacillus fermentum/metabolism/chemistry
Mice
*Atherosclerosis/metabolism/prevention & control/drug therapy/pathology
*Polysaccharides, Bacterial/pharmacology
Male
Biomarkers
Gastrointestinal Microbiome/drug effects
Lipid Metabolism/drug effects

@article {pmid41828882,
year = {2026},
author = {Kurashov, EA and Krylova, JV and Chernova, AM and Bataeva, YV and Belyakov, EA and Lapirov, AG and Anikina, VV and Grebennikov, VA and Yavid, EY},
title = {Major Low-Molecular-Weight Metabolites from Freshwater Aquatic Macrophytes: Ecological Aspects.},
journal = {Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {31},
number = {5},
pages = {},
pmid = {41828882},
issn = {1420-3049},
support = {Scientific topic №: 124032100076-2//The topic of the state assignment of the Institute of Biology of Inland Waters of the Russian Academy of Sciences/ ; },
mesh = {*Fresh Water ; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry ; *Metabolome ; Molecular Weight ; Ecosystem ; Metabolomics/methods ; *Aquatic Organisms/metabolism ; },
abstract = {Freshwater macrophytes shape not only the morphological "architecture" of shallow-water ecosystems but also their chemical milieu via low-molecular-weight organic compounds (LMWOCs) that may regulate phytoplankton, periphyton, and the microbiome within the leaf/shoot diffusive boundary layer and the surrounding water column. In this study, GC-MS (gas chromatography-mass spectrometry) was used to identify major LMWOCs of the low-molecular-weight metabolome (LMWM) in 11 widely distributed macrophyte species (Myriophyllum spicatum L., Sparganium emersum Rehm., Sparganium gramineum Georgi, the hybrid Sparganium × foliosum A. A. Bobrov, Volkova, Mochalova et Chemeris, Persicaria amphibia (L.) Delarbre, Potamogeton perfoliatus L., Nuphar lutea (L.) Sibth. & Sm., Potamogeton pectinatus L., Potamogeton natans L., Lobelia dortmanna L., and Ceratophyllum demersum L.). Compounds contributing more than 1% to the total LMWOCs pool were considered major, increasing the ecological realism of interpretations by focusing on metabolites more likely to reach effective concentrations in the plant microenvironment. For interspecific comparisons, the maximum recorded values of relative abundance and concentrations were used to estimate species "potential". In total, 137 major LMWOCs were detected (four remained unidentified), and their numbers varied markedly among taxa (from 11 in N. lutea to 71 in P. perfoliatus). Similarity analyses (Jaccard, Sørensen-Czekanowski, Morisita-Horn) indicated that similarity based on compound lists and similarity based on dominance structure may diverge, reflecting differences between the "LMWOCs set" and the quantitative architecture of LMWOCs within the LMWM. Fatty acids formed the core of the major fraction in all species: they were among the top three compounds in all 11 macrophytes and ranked first or second in 10 of 11, highlighting the lipid module as a universal "structure-signaling-defense/allelopathy" hub in aquatic plants. Also, an analysis of the ecological-biochemical role of the main major LMWOCs in the studied aquatic macrophytes is presented. Overall, the data offer a comparable, ecologically oriented framework for interpreting chemical regulation of communities in macrophyte-dominated habitats and for selecting target compounds/species for subsequent bioassay and field studies.},
}

*Fresh Water
Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
*Metabolome
Molecular Weight
Ecosystem
Metabolomics/methods
*Aquatic Organisms/metabolism

@article {pmid41828913,
year = {2026},
author = {Tian, K and Zhu, J and Qi, R and Yang, Y and Li, J and Tian, W and Tan, Q and Hu, B and Jian, Y},
title = {Associations Between Fine Particulate Matter-Associated Bacteria and Respiratory Tract Microbiota in Pigs.},
journal = {Animals : an open access journal from MDPI},
volume = {16},
number = {5},
pages = {},
pmid = {41828913},
issn = {2076-2615},
support = {NCTIP-XD/B07//National Center of Technology Innovation for Pigs/ ; },
abstract = {Environmental health and biosecurity in pig farms and surroundings are increasingly threatened by pathogenic bacteria carried by fine particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 2.5 μm or less (PM2.5) in enclosed piggeries. However, limited attention has been given to these pathogens and their association with the respiratory microbiome of pigs. Using high-throughput sequencing, we investigated the overall and pathogenic bacterial communities attached to PM2.5 in pig houses, as well as those in the upper (URT) and lower respiratory tracts (LRT) of healthy fattening pigs. Concentrations of PM2.5, particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 10 μm or less (PM10), ammonia (NH3), total volatile organic compounds (TVOCs), and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) were significantly higher inside the piggery than in the surrounding environment. The composition of PM2.5-associated bacteria varied with sampling height and showed greater similarity to the microbiota of the URT, particularly the oropharynx, than to that of the LRT. Additionally, 140 core potential bacterial pathogens were identified via Venn analysis in both PM2.5 and respiratory tracts. Co-occurrence network analysis and community assembly patterns revealed that microbial communities in PM2.5 and the respiratory tract exhibit distinct interaction and assembly characteristics. These findings highlight the potential role of PM2.5 as a vector for respiratory pathogens and underscore the importance of air quality management in pig farming to safeguard environmental health.},
}

@article {pmid41828957,
year = {2026},
author = {Guan, X and Ma, H and Liu, R and Xu, Y and Gnagna, D and Yin, X and Zhang, Y and Li, Y},
title = {Impact of Exposure of Dairy Cow Feed to Polystyrene Microplastics on 24 h In Vitro Rumen Fermentation Responses, Microbiota Biodegradation Potential and Metabolic Pathways.},
journal = {Animals : an open access journal from MDPI},
volume = {16},
number = {5},
pages = {},
pmid = {41828957},
issn = {2076-2615},
support = {2023YFD2000700//National Key Research and Development Program of China/ ; ZL2024C018//the Joint key project of Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province/ ; },
abstract = {Microplastic pollution is increasingly serious worldwide, threatening human and animal health. The cow rumen is a key organ for nutrient digestion and absorption, and its fermentation is closely related to rumen microorganisms. Here, we investigated how polystyrene microplastics (PS-MPs) with varying particle sizes and concentrations affect rumen fermentation and the biodegradability of PS-MPs by rumen fermentation. The results reveal that exposure to PS-MPs lowered gas production and gas concentrations, as well as volatile fatty acid content, and these decreases were positively correlated with PS-MP concentration. However, higher PS-MP concentration and larger particle size increased the activity of carboxymethyl cellulose, β-glucosidase, and xylanase. Furthermore, PS-MP exposure reduced the abundance of certain rumen microorganisms and altered metabolic pathways and metabolites linked to PS-MP biodegradation. It was also found that PS-MP content decreased significantly after 24 h fermentation. Therefore, PS-MPs can inhibit rumen fermentation by affecting the rumen microbiome, and rumen microorganisms and their secreted enzymes can biodegrade PS-MPs to produce styrene and derivatives; such small molecules may further disrupt rumen homeostasis, thereby affecting lactation performance. In addition, rumen microbial degradation of PS-MPs provides a new idea to resolve future microplastic contamination challenges.},
}

@article {pmid41828960,
year = {2026},
author = {Yu, H and Dong, S and Wang, L and Liu, S},
title = {Integrated Gut Microbiome and Metabolome Analysis in Largemouth Bass (Micropterus salmoides) Following Viral Infection.},
journal = {Animals : an open access journal from MDPI},
volume = {16},
number = {5},
pages = {},
pmid = {41828960},
issn = {2076-2615},
abstract = {Largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) is an important aquaculture species increasingly threatened by viral diseases, particularly largemouth bass virus (LMBV), which can cause significant mortality. However, integrative analyses linking LMBV-induced gut microbiota dysbiosis to metabolomic dysfunction are limited. In this study, we profiled the intestinal microbiome and metabolome alterations in largemouth bass following LMBV infection and conducted an integrated analysis. Infected fish showed reduced alpha diversity and significant shifts in community structure, including increased relative abundances of Bacteroidota and Fusobacteriota and a decrease in Proteobacteria. Opportunistic taxa, such as Pseudomonas and Mycobacterium, were enriched after infection. Metabolomic profiling revealed differential metabolites primarily involved in amino acid and carbohydrate metabolism. Integrative correlation analyses further identified significant associations between opportunistic bacteria and putative harmful metabolites, suggesting that LMBV-induced dysbiosis disrupts host metabolic homeostasis and contributes to immune dysfunction. These findings may clarify the microbiota-metabolite landscape during LMBV infection.},
}

@article {pmid41828967,
year = {2026},
author = {Taylor, S and Tewson, C and Edmondson, V},
title = {Resolution of Chronic Diarrhoea Following Treatment of Periodontal Disease in a Cat.},
journal = {Animals : an open access journal from MDPI},
volume = {16},
number = {5},
pages = {},
pmid = {41828967},
issn = {2076-2615},
abstract = {An association between periodontal disease and comorbid disorders, including gastrointestinal signs, has been reported in cats and investigated in humans, where a bidirectional relationship between oral and gastrointestinal microbiomes exists. A 5-year-old neutered female domestic shorthair cat was presented with a 2-year history of small-bowel diarrhoea. The cat's appetite was reduced, and coat quality had deteriorated. On examination, the cat was found to have periodontal disease affecting multiple teeth and a matted coat. Biochemistry revealed mild hyperproteinaemia, haematology was unremarkable, cobalamin was normal, folate was elevated, and retroviral testing was negative. Abdominal ultrasound showed diffuse muscularis thickening without other abnormalities, and dental examination and radiography revealed missing teeth, a root remnant, stage 4 periodontal disease, and tooth resorption. Multiple extractions were performed, and multimodal analgesia was provided, including locoregional dental blocks. The cat's appetite, body condition, energy levels, and coat quality improved after the procedure, and the diarrhoea completely resolved within a month of the procedure without any changes in diet, physical, social environment, or the use of any medications, and did not recur during the following 7 months. This case illustrates the potential role of periodontal disease in the development of gastrointestinal disease and the benefits outside the oral cavity of managing dental disease in cats.},
}

@article {pmid41829039,
year = {2026},
author = {Luo, L and Li, J and Li, M},
title = {Intratumoral Staphylococcus pseudintermedius Promotes Proliferation and Migration of CMT-U27 Cells Through the TLR2/PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway.},
journal = {Animals : an open access journal from MDPI},
volume = {16},
number = {5},
pages = {},
pmid = {41829039},
issn = {2076-2615},
support = {32402964//Young Scientists Fund of the National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 840003//Jiangsu Qinglan Project/ ; 804127//Meng Li's Nanjing Agricultural University Research Start-up Fund/ ; },
abstract = {Increasing evidence suggests that intratumoral microorganisms and their metabolites can modulate cancer initiation and progression. However, the composition and functional role of intratumoral bacteria in canine mammary tumors (CMTs) remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the functional significance of tumor-derived Staphylococcus in CMTs, focusing on its effects on the proliferation and migration of CMT-U27 cells. 16S rRNA sequencing revealed reduced alpha diversity in CMT tissues, with Staphylococcus pseudintermedius identified as the most frequently isolated species. Functional assays, including CCK-8, wound healing, RT-qPCR, and Western blot analyses, demonstrated that intratumoral Staphylococcus pseudintermedius significantly enhanced cellular proliferation and migration. Mechanistically, Staphylococcus pseudintermedius significantly upregulated the expression of TLR2, as well as the phosphorylation levels of PI3K, Akt and P70S6K. The inhibition of TLR2 using C29 suppressed the mRNA expression of VEGF, MMP9, MMP2, and EGFR. Collectively, these findings indicate that intratumoral Staphylococcus pseudintermedius promotes the proliferation and migration of CMT-U27 cells through activation of the TLR2/PI3K/Akt pathway, highlighting a functional link between tumor-associated bacteria and cancer progression.},
}

@article {pmid41829048,
year = {2026},
author = {Liu, X and Ying, C and Ma, F and Yang, Y and Liu, K},
title = {Gut Microbiome Signatures Across Migratory, Sedentary, and Aquaculture Ecotypes of Coilia nasus.},
journal = {Animals : an open access journal from MDPI},
volume = {16},
number = {5},
pages = {},
pmid = {41829048},
issn = {2076-2615},
support = {2022YFF0608201//National Key R&D Program of China/ ; ZF2022-18-0399//Monitoring of aquatic resources in key waters of Anhui province/ ; NO.2023TD11//Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund, CAFS/ ; },
abstract = {Coilia nasus, a typical species with migratory-sedentary polymorphism, shows different intestinal microbiota characteristics among its different ecotypes. This is attributed to differences in feeding habits and habitat environments (such as water temperature, salinity, etc.). This study constructed a database of intestinal microbiota for three ecological types of C. nasus, namely migratory type (comprising marine populations and freshwater populations), sedentary type and aquaculture-reared type, through 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing technology. This study investigates the ecological mechanisms underlying microbiota differentiation, focusing on three key drivers: environmental selection, host nutritional metabolism requirements, and host life history strategies. The results showed that the core flora of C. nasus consisted of Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Actinobacteria. Both the depletion of microbial taxa and the enrichment of marine-adapted bacterial lineages-including Proteobacteria and Psychrobacter-are associated with elevated salinity in the migratory marine population of C. nasus. In contrast, the elevated relative abundance of Actinobacteria in aquaculture-reared C. nasus is likely attributable to dietary supplementation with protein- and lipid-rich artificial feed. Functional correlation analysis holds promise for partially predicting the microbiota's metabolic functional succession patterns. The dominance of Pseudomonas_E in the migratory freshwater population is consistent with its well-documented physiological versatility and adaptive capacity in dynamically fluctuating aquatic habitats. The elevated abundance of Cyanobacteria in the sedentary population C. nasus coincides with the water bloom in their habitat, suggesting that the structure of the microbiota may serve as a novel biomarker for indicating the ecosystem. In conclusion, this study identifies potential molecular markers for tracing genetic resources and distinguishing ecological types of C. nasus, while establishing a theoretical foundation for elucidating the co-evolutionary dynamics between fish hosts and their associated microbiota-and thereby informing both conservation strategies for wild populations and microbiota-informed aquaculture practices.},
}

@article {pmid41829053,
year = {2026},
author = {Nopparatmaitree, M and Loor, JJ and Arjin, C and Hwanhlem, N and Sudchamrong, P and Buapa, B and Intawicha, P and Incharoen, T},
title = {Phytosynbiotic Containing Double-Layer Microencapsulated Pediococcus acidilactici V202 and Tiliacora triandra Leaf Extract Improve Growth Performance and Gut Health in Broiler Chickens.},
journal = {Animals : an open access journal from MDPI},
volume = {16},
number = {5},
pages = {},
pmid = {41829053},
issn = {2076-2615},
support = {R2567B037//Naresuan University (NU) and the National Science, Research and Innovation Fund (NSRF)/ ; R2569A014//Reinventing University Program 2026, the Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Research and Innovation, Thailand/ ; R2569C002//Frontier Research and Innovation Cluster Fund, Naresuan University/ ; 2278//Fundamental Fund 2026, University of Phayao/ ; },
abstract = {This study investigated the effects of a novel phytosynbiotic feed supplement derived from double-layer microencapsulated Pediococcus acidilactici V202 and Tiliacora triandra leaf extract (DMP) on the growth performance, nutrient utilization, gut fermentation, intestinal morphology, and cecal microbiota of broiler chickens. A total of 250 one-day-old male Ross 308 broilers were randomly assigned to five dietary treatments: basal control diet, antibiotic growth promoter (AGP) with chlortetracycline at 0.07%, and DMP supplementation at 0.25, 0.50, or 1.00% (w/w) for 42 days. Compared with the control diet, feeding the DMP led to linear or quadratic responses (p < 0.05) on average daily gain, feed efficiency, productive index, and economic returns. Apparent digestibility of dry matter, crude protein, and apparent metabolizable energy was enhanced in DMP-fed broilers, indicating improved nutrient utilization efficiency. These performance responses were accompanied by pronounced alterations in cecal fermentation, characterized by increased lactic acid, total volatile fatty acids, and particularly acetic and butyric acid levels (p < 0.01). Microbiome analysis revealed that the DMP selectively enriched fermentative SCFA-producing bacterial orders, including Lachnospirales, Oscillospirales, and Lactobacillales. It also reduced the relative abundance of less desirable taxa. As evidenced by an increased villus height and surface area in the duodenum and jejunum, along with a higher villus height-to-crypt depth ratio in the ileum, feeding the DMP also enhanced small intestinal morphology. These coordinated morphological adaptations are indicative of enhanced epithelial maturation and reduced crypt hyperplasia, likely mediated by elevated microbial SCFA production in the gut. In conclusion, the DMP improved broiler growth performance by coordinating the modulation of the gut microbiota, SCFA levels, and intestinal morphology, resulting in enhanced nutrient digestibility and productivity. This phytosynbiotic strategy represents a sustainable plant-based alternative to antibiotic growth promoters for environmentally responsible poultry production.},
}

@article {pmid41829073,
year = {2026},
author = {Yuan, S and Tu, R and Shan, B and Liu, Y and Jiang, X and Zheng, M and Yang, L and Liu, H and Zhao, T and Yang, P and Zhai, Q and Mao, J and Liu, S and Liu, X},
title = {Turning-Modulated Vertical CO2 Gradients Drive Microbial Stratification and Amadori Product Accumulation in Winter Daqu.},
journal = {Foods (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {15},
number = {5},
pages = {},
pmid = {41829073},
issn = {2304-8158},
support = {22138004//the National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 2024YFFK0436//the Key Research and Development Program of Sichuan Province/ ; },
abstract = {High-temperature Daqu (HTD)'s quality determines the characteristics and yield of the Chinese sauce-aroma baijiu. However, winter production frequently encounters challenges such as fermentation instability and metabolic fluctuations, primarily stemming from complex, unmonitored microenvironmental changes within the HTD pile. This study established a closed-loop system linking the microenvironment, HTD quality, microbiome, and metabolome. Through continuous monitoring of the winter fermentation pile's microenvironmental conditions and integrating multi-omics analyses, we revealed that CO2 concentration within fermentation piles is the core factor causing quality variations in HTD. By breaking the respiratory bottleneck formed by carbon dioxide (CO2) accumulation through the turning anaerobic stress can be alleviated, thereby driving metabolic succession. The study found that vertical CO2 concentration heterogeneity severely restricts the enrichment of aerobic core functional microbial communities such as the Bacillus species. This directly blocks key metabolic pathways including amino acid metabolism and energy supply via ABC transporters. Moreover, the specific accumulation of Amadori products further confirms that this low-temperature environment under CO2 stress causes the Maillard reaction to stall at intermediate stages. Consequently, this study proposes a steady-state control strategy centered on oxygen and CO2 gas characteristics. By actively regulating the gaseous microenvironment to eliminate metabolic heterogeneity, it provides theoretical support for standardizing traditional fermentation processes.},
}

@article {pmid41829134,
year = {2026},
author = {Ma, M and He, W and Lin, X and Wang, Y and Jiang, S and Yang, L and Li, G and Gu, Y},
title = {Using Integrated Microbiome-Metabolome-Genome Axis Data to Elucidate the Mechanism by Which Polyphenol Content in the Extract from C. osmantha Leaves (PECOL) Regulates Broiler Flavor.},
journal = {Foods (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {15},
number = {5},
pages = {},
pmid = {41829134},
issn = {2304-8158},
support = {Guilin Scientific Research [2025KX] No.03//Guangxi Forestry Science and Technology Extension Project/ ; U25A20701//the Natural Scientific Foundation of China/ ; CARS-41-G06//the China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA/ ; R2024YJ-YB3004 and R2023PY-QY012//the Science and Technology Program of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/ ; 2024E04J0562//the Science and Technology Plan Project of Guangzhou/ ; 2023A1515111031//Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation/ ; },
abstract = {The quality and flavor of chicken meat are the key factors that influence consumers' purchase decisions. Recent studies have demonstrated that polyphenol can modulate meat quality. In this study, an integrated multi-omics approach was utilized to systematically identify the regulatory effect of dietary supplementation with polyphenols extracts of C. osmantha leaves (PECOL) on chicken flavor. It was found that dietary PECOL supplementation enhanced breast meat flavor and increased fatty acid ethyl ester compounds in the breast muscle. Moreover, PECOL supplementation reshaped the composition and proportions of gut microbiota across multiple taxonomic levels, with a notable enrichment of taxa within the phylum Firmicutes (e.g., g_Massilistercora). Furthermore, the addition of PECOL altered the contents of cecal metabolites related to lipid and glucose metabolism, such as PC (14:1(9Z)/21:0), PC (P-16:0/15:1(9Z)), LysoPE (20:4(8Z, 11Z, 14Z, 17Z)/0:0), and glycerol 3-phosphate. Notably, we found that g_Massilistercora was significantly correlated with the content of these metabolites related to lipid and glucose metabolism. Further analysis revealed that these metabolites might interact with GPAT4 to jointly regulate chicken flavor. These findings further clarify the regulatory role played by PECOL in shaping the flavor of broiler meat.},
}

@article {pmid41829711,
year = {2026},
author = {Liu, M and Liu, Y and Wang, H and Ruan, Y and Wang, X and Du, X and Zhou, M and Fu, Y and Tang, J and Zhang, J and Cao, L},
title = {GsEXPA8 Improves Alkaline Tolerance in Lupinus angustifolius by Modulating Root Architecture, Stress-Responsive Gene Expression, and Rhizosphere Microbiome.},
journal = {Plants (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {15},
number = {5},
pages = {},
pmid = {41829711},
issn = {2223-7747},
support = {32001505//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; LH2023C006//Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province/ ; },
abstract = {Lupinus angustifolius is an important leguminous ornamental species, but its productivity is often compromised by alkaline soil stress. GsEXPA8, an expansin gene identified in wild soybean (Glycine soja), has been implicated in alkali stress tolerance. In this study, we examined how heterologous expression of GsEXPA8 in lupinus affects its biochemical, molecular, and rhizospheric responses to alkali stress. Under NaHCO3-induced alkaline conditions, transgenic lines overexpressing GsEXPA8 displayed improved leaf vigor, greater root biomass and length, elevated activities of antioxidant enzymes (CAT and POD), increased proline accumulation, and reduced malondialdehyde levels compared to the wild type. Expression analysis revealed time-dependent up-regulation of several alkali-responsive genes (LaSOS1, LaNCED3, LaMYB39, LaNAC56, LaNHX6, and LaP5CS). Moreover, the rhizosphere microbial community was significantly restructured, with a marked increase in beneficial microbial taxa such as Pseudomonas and Lysobacter. We also found that the endogenous lupinus homolog LaEXPA8 is alkali-inducible. Overexpression of LaEXPA8 similarly enhanced alkaline tolerance, whereas CRISPR/Cas9 knockout lines showed no clear phenotypic alteration, suggesting potential functional redundancy within the expansin family. Notably, LaEXPA8 and GsEXPA8 differed in their temporal regulation of downstream genes, indicating both conserved and distinct regulatory roles. Our results demonstrate that GsEXPA8 improves alkali tolerance in lupinus through integrated mechanisms: promoting root growth, enhancing antioxidant and osmotic adjustment capacity, dynamically modulating stress-related gene expression, and enriching beneficial rhizosphere microbiota. This work provides the critical report of modifying alkali tolerance by manipulating an expansin gene alongside the associated rhizosphere microbiome, offering a combined strategy for breeding stress-resistant ornamentals.},
}

@article {pmid41829784,
year = {2026},
author = {Zhakypbek, Y and Kossalbayev, BD and Tursbekov, S and Tursbekova, G and Berdaliyeva, Z and Belkozhayev, AM},
title = {Application of Beneficial Bacteria to Enhance Plant Drought Resilience.},
journal = {Plants (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {15},
number = {5},
pages = {},
pmid = {41829784},
issn = {2223-7747},
support = {BR24993218//Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Republic of Kazakhstan/ ; },
abstract = {Drought stress is one of the most severe abiotic constraints limiting crop productivity worldwide, a challenge that is intensifying under ongoing climate change. In recent years, beneficial microorganisms have emerged as sustainable, nature-based tools to enhance plant drought tolerance and stabilize agricultural production under water-limited conditions. This review synthesizes current knowledge on the major groups of beneficial bacteria involved in drought stress mitigation, including plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), a functional subgroup of rhizosphere-associated microbes, endophytic bacteria, rhizosphere-associated microbes, and cyanobacteria, highlighting their primary physiological, biochemical, and soil-mediated mechanisms. These microorganisms enhance drought resilience through multiple complementary pathways, such as modulation of abscisic acid (ABA) and auxin (IAA) signaling, ACC deaminase activity, osmotic adjustment, antioxidant defense, improved nutrient acquisition, and enhancement of soil structure and water retention. The review further discusses practical application strategies, including seed inoculation, soil and root application, foliar spraying, the use of single strains versus microbial consortia, and advances in bioformulations and carrier materials that improve microbial survival and field efficacy. Emphasis is placed on recent experimental and field studies demonstrating the effectiveness of microbial inoculants under drought conditions. Collectively, the evidence highlights the potential of beneficial bacteria as key components of climate-resilient agriculture and underscores the need for integrated, formulation-driven approaches to translate laboratory success into consistent field performance.},
}

@article {pmid41829785,
year = {2026},
author = {Bao, S and Cai, Z and Li, F and Zhang, H and Fu, S and Lv, L and Liu, Q and Shi, J},
title = {Changes in Soil Nutrients and Bacterial Communities in Perennial Grass Mixtures in Alpine Ecological Zones After 20 Years of Establishment.},
journal = {Plants (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {15},
number = {5},
pages = {},
pmid = {41829785},
issn = {2223-7747},
abstract = {Monoculture and mixed sowing are common practices for restoring degraded alpine meadow grasslands. To investigate the effects of different sowing patterns on soil bacterial community characteristics in alpine artificial grasslands, this study examined a 20-year-old established artificial grassland, systematically analyzing plant community attributes, soil physicochemical properties, and the diversity and functional structure of soil bacterial communities under various monoculture and mixed-sowing treatments. The results showed that: (1) Mixed-sowing treatments significantly improved soil physicochemical properties and plant community characteristics. The P4 (Elymus nutans + Poa pratensis + Festuca sinensis + Poa crymophila) mixed-sowing treatment notably enhanced vegetation performance and soil conditions. Compared with the monoculture P1 (Elymus nutans) treatment, aboveground biomass (AGB) and soil organic matter (SOM) content increased by 57.23% and 68.25%, respectively, indicating that perennial grass mixtures improve soil water and nutrient retention, thereby promoting plant growth. (2) Microbiome analysis revealed that mixed sowing significantly optimized the structure of rhizosphere bacterial communities. Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs), which represent sequence-based taxonomic units and their abundance information, were most abundant in the P4 mixed-sowing treatment, reaching a total of 5685 OTUs. In terms of bacterial diversity indices, the OTU richness, Ace index, and Chao1 index in the P4 mixed-sowing treatment were 26.12%, 25.81%, and 24.34% higher, respectively, than those in the monoculture P1 treatment, with all differences being statistically significant (p < 0.05). (3) Mantel test and redundancy analysis (RDA) revealed that soil electrical conductivity (SEC) and pH were negatively correlated with bacterial diversity indices, while soil organic matter (SOM) was identified as the key environmental driver shaping bacterial community assembly. In summary, appropriate grass mixtures effectively enhance "plant-soil-microbe" interactions, leading to improved soil fertility and optimized bacterial communities, representing a viable strategy for long-term ecological restoration and sustainability of alpine artificial grassland ecosystems. The P4 treatment-comprising a four-species mixture of Elymus nutans, Poa pratensis, Poa crymophila, and Festuca sinensis-achieved the best overall performance.},
}

@article {pmid41829788,
year = {2026},
author = {Ortiz, J and Herrera, NB and Dias, NB and Vidal, C and Ruiz, A and Peña, OL and de Souza, BM and Palma, MS and de la Luz Mora, M and Arriagada-Escamilla, C and Soto, J},
title = {Beneficial Effects of a Root-Endophytic Bacterium with Quorum-Sensing Traits on Growth and Drought Tolerance in the Vulnerable Conifer Araucaria araucana.},
journal = {Plants (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {15},
number = {5},
pages = {},
pmid = {41829788},
issn = {2223-7747},
support = {FONDECYT Postdoctoral 323066//Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico/ ; },
abstract = {Climate change-induced drought threatens the persistence of Araucaria araucana, an endangered and endemic conifer of the Southern Andes. Beneficial plant-microbe interactions may contribute to drought resilience. Here, we evaluated the effects of a root-endophytic bacterium with the capacity to produce N-acyl homoserine lactones (AHLs) on the growth and drought tolerance of A. araucana. For this, a root endophytic bacterium was isolated from A. araucana and identified as Erwinia billingiae. It was characterized for plant growth-promoting traits, and inoculated into A. araucana seedlings under drought conditions). The bacteria produced N-butyryl-L-homoserine lactone (C4-HSL) under control conditions and C4-HSL and N-hexanoyl-L-homoserine lactone (C6-HSL) under drought stress. The strain also produces indoleacetic acid, ammonia, siderophores and solubilizes phosphate. Under drought stress, non-inoculated seedlings showed marked reductions in shoot and root biomass, chlorophyll content, relative water content (RWC), and soluble sugars. In contrast, inoculated seedlings under drought displayed significantly higher shoot and root biomass, reaching levels comparable to those of well-watered controls. Chlorophyll content increased from 5.42 to 9.35 mg L[-1], and RWC increased from 62% to 71% in inoculated plants under drought conditions. Soluble sugar content increased from 25.74 to 36.34 mg g[-1] fresh weight following inoculation. Drought-induced oxidative stress was significantly alleviated in inoculated seedlings, with lower malondialdehyde and proline accumulation compared to non-inoculated drought-stressed plants. Antioxidant responses were modulated, indicating improved redox balance under water limitation. These results demonstrate that a root-endophytic bacterium with AHL production can enhance drought tolerance in A. araucana seedlings. This study provides novel evidence supporting the role of beneficial endophytes in microbiome-based strategies for conserving native forest species under climate change.},
}

@article {pmid41829816,
year = {2026},
author = {Al-Sawa'eer, AS and Al-Samydai, A and Odeh, L and Haj Ahmad, F and Obekh, R and Elqader, YMA and Khaleel, A and Al-Athamneh, AM and Gabriele, M and Di Simone, SC and Ferrante, C and Menghini, L and Ali Agha, ASA},
title = {Early Plant Development as a Systems-Level Trait: Integrating Omics, Artificial Intelligence, and Emerging Biotechnologies.},
journal = {Plants (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {15},
number = {5},
pages = {},
pmid = {41829816},
issn = {2223-7747},
abstract = {Seed germination and early seedling development are critical determinants of crop establishment, stress tolerance, and yield stability, yet these stages remain insufficiently integrated into contemporary crop improvement strategies. Recent advances across genome editing, microbiome-assisted seed treatments, nanotechnology-enabled priming, and artificial intelligence-guided phenotyping have generated substantial but fragmented insights into early developmental regulation. This review synthesizes recent advances across early plant development research. It demonstrates that seemingly diverse technologies converge on a limited set of regulatory control nodes, including abscisic acid-gibberellin balance, redox homeostasis, and root system architectural plasticity. By integrating evidence from molecular, microbial, physicochemical, and computational studies, early plant ontogeny is presented as a tunable regulatory state governed by quantitative thresholds rather than as a strictly predetermined genetic process. Advances in deep learning, reinforcement learning, and high-throughput phenotyping further enable the modeling and optimization of early developmental trajectories across genotype by environment contexts. Together, these insights establish early development as a programmable target for crop improvement and provide a mechanistic foundation for designing integrated interventions that enhance developmental uniformity, stress resilience, and yield stability across diverse agroecological systems.},
}

@article {pmid41829833,
year = {2026},
author = {Kumar, D and Sattiraju, KS and Reddy, MS},
title = {A Systems Approach to Endophyte-Mediated Plant Holobiont and Microbiome Dynamics.},
journal = {Plants (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {15},
number = {5},
pages = {},
pmid = {41829833},
issn = {2223-7747},
abstract = {The plant holobiont comprises the host plant and its associated microbial communities functioning together as a single ecological and evolutionary unit that influences plant health, productivity, and environmental adaptability. Endophytes, formerly classified primarily as plant growth-promoting agents, are currently gaining traction as integral components of plant-associated microbiomes such as the rhizobiome and phytobiome. They can alter host-mediated root exudation patterns, microbial community structure, and nutrient dynamics within the rhizosphere. Endophytes play an important role in modulating host signaling pathways, thus influencing plant growth. Various mechanisms by which endophytes contribute to improved plant performance include soil microbiome dynamics, carbon sequestration, and strengthening the host's ability to tolerate abiotic stressors. Multi-omics, single-cell, and systems-level approaches integrated with CRISPR, metabolic engineering, and AI, together with systems biology, guided by in vitro and field studies, support predictive modeling and provide evidence for the evolution of system-driven strategies for developing effective bioinoculants. This review highlights the potential of endophytes to serve as a scalable and sustainable component of climate-resilient and regenerative agricultural systems, while acknowledging ecological variability and field-level constraints.},
}

@article {pmid41829863,
year = {2026},
author = {Thomaidis, G and Boutzikas, G and Alexopoulos, A and Zamioudis, C},
title = {Local and Systemic Transcriptional Responses of Tomato to a Growth-Promoting Streptomyces Consortium.},
journal = {Plants (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {15},
number = {5},
pages = {},
pmid = {41829863},
issn = {2223-7747},
support = {3082//Hellenic Foundation for Research and Innovation (H.F.R.I.) under the "2nd Call for H.F.R.I. Research Projects to support Faculty Members & Researchers/ ; },
abstract = {Members of the genus Streptomyces are prominent inhabitants of the plant rhizosphere and endosphere and are increasingly recognized for their roles in plant growth promotion and disease suppression. In this study, we isolated genetically distinct Streptomyces from the tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) rhizosphere, designated as TOM isolates, and assembled them into a defined 12-member TOM consortium. Application of the TOM consortium significantly promoted root and shoot growth in tomato. RNA-seq analysis revealed coordinated local and systemic transcriptional responses characterized by a predominance of down-regulated genes in both roots and leaves. In roots, differential gene expression reflected selective attenuation of defense- and cell wall-related processes, alongside increased expression of genes associated with phytoalexin biosynthesis, phosphate starvation responses, and hormonal regulation. In leaves, transcriptional reprogramming was dominated by reduced stress-related responses together with activation of metabolic and growth-associated functions. The TOM consortium also reduced disease severity caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici by approximately 60% compared to infected controls. To further characterize functional traits of individual consortium members, isolates were evaluated in vitro for antifungal activity and five strains displaying inhibition were selected for hybrid whole-genome sequencing. Genome analyses revealed diverse taxonomic affiliations and a rich repertoire of biosynthetic gene clusters, including clusters associated with known antimicrobial metabolites as well as numerous low-similarity clusters indicative of substantial unexplored biosynthetic potential. Collectively, this study provides new insights into plant interactions with beneficial Streptomyces, while revealing molecular signatures involved in Streptomyces-mediated plant growth promotion and pathogen suppression.},
}

@article {pmid41829888,
year = {2026},
author = {Kouraki, A and Franks, S and Vijay, A and Kurien, T and Taylor, MA and Smith, SL and Smith, B and Kelly, A and Valdes, AM},
title = {Effect of Prebiotic Supplementation With and Without Physiotherapy on Pain and Pain Sensitivity in People with Knee Osteoarthritis.},
journal = {Nutrients},
volume = {18},
number = {5},
pages = {},
pmid = {41829888},
issn = {2072-6643},
support = {MR/W026813/1//Advanced Pain Discovery Platform (APDP) and the Medical Research Council (MRC)/ ; 23139/VAC_/Versus Arthritis/United Kingdom ; },
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; Male ; *Prebiotics/administration & dosage ; Aged ; *Osteoarthritis, Knee/therapy/physiopathology ; *Inulin/administration & dosage ; Middle Aged ; *Dietary Supplements ; *Physical Therapy Modalities ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; Pain Measurement ; Treatment Outcome ; *Pain Management/methods ; Pain Threshold ; Glucagon-Like Peptide 1/blood ; Fatty Acids, Volatile/blood ; Hand Strength ; },
abstract = {Background: Emerging evidence links the gut microbiome to chronic pain processing. Inulin, a prebiotic fibre, modulates the gut microbiome, while physiotherapy-supported exercise (PSE) improves pain and function. We evaluated the effects of inulin supplementation with and without PSE on knee osteoarthritis (OA) pain. Methods: In a 2 × 2 factorial RCT, 117 community-dwelling adults with knee OA received 6 weeks of: (A) 20 g/day inulin, (B) digital PSE (Joint Academy™), (C) inulin +PSE, or (D) 10 g/day maltodextrin. Primary outcome: pain (Numerical Rating Scale). Secondary: 30 s sit-to-stand (30-CST), timed up and go (TUG), grip strength, and quantitative sensory testing. Serum short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) were measured. The study was not powered to detect synergistic interaction. Results: A total of 117 participants (58.1% female; mean ± SD age = 67.5 ± 9.4 years; BMI = 29.5 ± 5.3 kg/m[2]; NRS = 3.96 ± 2.67) completed the trial. Pain improved with inulin (baseline-adjusted between-group mean difference (Δ) = -1.11 [95%CI -2.18, -0.04], p = 0.045) and PSE (Δ = -1.55 [95%CI -2.52, -0.58], p = 0.002) compared to placebo, with no synergistic effect. PSE improved TUG (p = 0.02) and 30-CST (p = 0.0004), while inulin improved grip strength (p = 0.002), pressure pain thresholds (p = 0.009) and temporal summation (p = 0.025) compared to placebo and had significantly lower dropout rates (3.6%) compared with PSE (21% p < 0.01). Only inulin increased SCFA butyrate (p = 0.0248) and GLP-1 (p = 0.0109), and higher GLP-1 was associated with improved grip strength, suggesting a gut-muscle link. Conclusions: Inulin and PSE each produced meaningful pain reductions. Only inulin improved pain sensitivity and grip strength, the latter paralleled by increased GLP-1, and had much higher rates of retention compared to PSE.},
}

Humans
Female
Male
*Prebiotics/administration & dosage
Aged
*Osteoarthritis, Knee/therapy/physiopathology
*Inulin/administration & dosage
Middle Aged
*Dietary Supplements
*Physical Therapy Modalities
Gastrointestinal Microbiome
Pain Measurement
Treatment Outcome
*Pain Management/methods
Pain Threshold
Glucagon-Like Peptide 1/blood
Fatty Acids, Volatile/blood
Hand Strength

@article {pmid41829891,
year = {2026},
author = {Kozák, M and Sitku, T and Hodossy-Takács, R and Sápi, F and Várkonyi, I and Barta, Z},
title = {Migraine and the Gut-Brain Axis-The Role of Microbiome-Targeted Biotics.},
journal = {Nutrients},
volume = {18},
number = {5},
pages = {},
pmid = {41829891},
issn = {2072-6643},
mesh = {Humans ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome/physiology ; *Migraine Disorders/microbiology/physiopathology/therapy ; *Probiotics/therapeutic use/administration & dosage ; Prebiotics/administration & dosage ; Dysbiosis/complications ; *Brain/physiopathology ; *Brain-Gut Axis/physiology ; Synbiotics/administration & dosage ; },
abstract = {Background: Migraine is a highly prevalent and disabling primary headache disorder frequently accompanied by gastrointestinal symptoms and comorbid gastrointestinal diseases. Increasing evidence suggests that alterations in the gut microbiota and dysregulation of the microbiome-gut-brain axis may contribute to migraine pathophysiology through immune activation, oxidative stress, impaired intestinal barrier function, and neuroinflammatory signaling. Objectives: This narrative review aims to summarize current mechanistic and clinical evidence linking the gut-brain axis to migraine, with a particular focus on the potential roles of probiotics, prebiotics, and postbiotics as adjunctive strategies in migraine management. Methods: A narrative synthesis of experimental, translational, and clinical studies was performed, focusing on microbiome composition, gut barrier integrity, immune and oxidative pathways, and interventional trials evaluating probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, and microbiota-derived metabolites in adult and pediatric migraine populations. Results: Migraine has been associated with intestinal dysbiosis, increased gut permeability, and low-grade systemic inflammation. Probiotics, most commonly strains of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, may modulate inflammatory cytokine profiles, enhance tight junction integrity, reduce oxidative stress, and influence neurotransmitter-related pathways along the gut-brain axis. Clinical trials evaluating probiotic supplementation report heterogeneous but promising signals, including reductions in migraine frequency, severity, disability scores, and analgesic use, particularly in chronic migraine and pediatric populations. Emerging evidence also supports a potential role for prebiotics (e.g., inulin-type fructans) and microbiota-derived metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids, although direct clinical data remain limited. Conclusions: Modulation of the microbiome-gut-brain axis represents a biologically plausible adjunct approach in migraine management. While probiotics, prebiotics, and postbiotics show potential benefits with favorable safety profiles, current evidence of their strain-, formulation-, and population-specific characteristics is lacking. Well-powered, placebo-controlled trials with standardized migraine endpoints and integrated microbiome and metabolomic analyses are needed to define responders, optimal interventions, and clinical relevance.},
}

Humans
*Gastrointestinal Microbiome/physiology
*Migraine Disorders/microbiology/physiopathology/therapy
*Probiotics/therapeutic use/administration & dosage
Prebiotics/administration & dosage
Dysbiosis/complications
*Brain/physiopathology
*Brain-Gut Axis/physiology
Synbiotics/administration & dosage

@article {pmid41829907,
year = {2026},
author = {Fritz, R and Tóbiás, Z and Bere, Z and Fritz, P},
title = {Malnutrition, Skeletal Muscle Loss and Mucosal Toxicity in Head and Neck Cancer: Nutritional Targets Beyond Energy Replacement.},
journal = {Nutrients},
volume = {18},
number = {5},
pages = {},
pmid = {41829907},
issn = {2072-6643},
support = {8353//University of Szeged/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *Head and Neck Neoplasms/therapy/complications ; *Malnutrition/etiology/therapy ; *Muscle, Skeletal/physiopathology ; *Mucositis/etiology ; *Sarcopenia/etiology/therapy ; Nutritional Status ; Inflammation ; Body Composition ; },
abstract = {Head and neck cancer represents one of the most nutritionally vulnerable oncologic populations, driven by tumor-related functional impairment, treatment toxicities, and complex metabolic alterations. Malnutrition and skeletal muscle loss are highly prevalent at diagnosis and frequently worsen during therapy, impairing treatment tolerance, functional status, and clinical outcomes. This narrative review synthesizes clinical and mechanistic evidence on the interrelated roles of malnutrition, low skeletal muscle mass, mucosal toxicity, and systemic inflammation across the perioperative, definitive treatment, and post-acute recovery phases. Particular emphasis is placed on the limitations of body mass index-based assessment and the importance of integrating validated screening tools with context-appropriate phenotypic evaluation of muscle depletion. Beyond conventional energy replacement, we examine the evidence supporting perioperative immunonutrition, discuss the contextual limitations of immune-modulating strategies during chemoradiotherapy, and consider emerging adjunctive metabolic approaches. Mucositis is conceptualized not only as a local toxicity but also as a contributor to reduced intake and inflammation-driven catabolism. The post-treatment phase is highlighted as a critical period for continued monitoring of body composition and functional recovery. Collectively, the available evidence supports a shift from weight-centered nutritional paradigms toward an integrated, body composition-oriented and inflammation-aware framework for supportive care in head and neck oncology.},
}

Humans
*Head and Neck Neoplasms/therapy/complications
*Malnutrition/etiology/therapy
*Muscle, Skeletal/physiopathology
*Mucositis/etiology
*Sarcopenia/etiology/therapy
Nutritional Status
Inflammation
Body Composition

@article {pmid41829913,
year = {2026},
author = {Marano, G and d'Abate, C and Ianes, I and Sorrenti, G and Traversi, G and Esposito, R and Pavese, F and D'Angelo, T and Fuso, P and Franceschini, G and Paris, I and Mazza, M},
title = {The Gut Microbiota in Perimenopausal Anxiety: A Novel Therapeutic Pathway Through Diet.},
journal = {Nutrients},
volume = {18},
number = {5},
pages = {},
pmid = {41829913},
issn = {2072-6643},
mesh = {Humans ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome/physiology ; *Perimenopause/psychology ; Female ; *Anxiety/microbiology/diet therapy ; Prebiotics/administration & dosage ; Probiotics/administration & dosage ; *Diet ; },
abstract = {Background: Perimenopause is characterized by pronounced fluctuations in ovarian steroids, which are associated with an increase vulnerability to anxiety symptoms. Growing evidence indicates that declining estrogen levels influence gut microbiota composition and microbial metabolic activity, thereby modulating neuroimmune and neuroendocrine pathways involved in emotional regulation. This review explores gut microbiota alterations occurring during the menopausal transition and critically evaluates dietary strategies targeting microbiota-gut-brain mechanisms potentially relevant to perimenopausal anxiety. Methods: A structured literature search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science to identify clinical, translational, and preclinical studies addressing: (i) gut microbiota changes across perimenopause and menopause; (ii) microbiota-gut-brain pathways implicated in anxiety; and (iii) dietary patterns, nutrients, probiotics, and prebiotics with documented microbiota-modulating effects. The available evidence was synthesized narratively, with particular attention to biological plausibility and clinical relevance. Results: The perimenopause transition is associated with reduced microbial diversity, depletion of Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing taxa, and enrichment of pro-inflammatory microbial signatures. These alterations are linked to increased intestinal permeability, altered tryptophan-kynurenine metabolism, immune activation, and dysregulated hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity. Dietary interventions, including Mediterranean-style diets, fiber- and polyphenol-rich foods, fermented products, and selected probiotic and prebiotic formulations, have been shown to modulate gut microbial composition, enhance SCFA production, and attenuate inflammatory and neuroendocrine stress pathways. Preliminary evidence suggests potential anxiolytic benefits; however, randomized controlled trials specifically targeting perimenopausal populations remain limited. Conclusions: Gut microbiota dysbiosis may contribute to anxiety vulnerability in perimenopausal women through interconnected immune, metabolic, and neuroendocrine mechanisms. Dietary modulation of the intestinal microbiota represents a biologically plausible and low-risk complementary approach to support emotional well-being during this transitional period. Well-designed, perimenopause-specific clinical trials are needed to confirm efficacy and inform microbiome-based nutritional strategies.},
}

Humans
*Gastrointestinal Microbiome/physiology
*Perimenopause/psychology
Female
*Anxiety/microbiology/diet therapy
Prebiotics/administration & dosage
Probiotics/administration & dosage
*Diet

@article {pmid41829917,
year = {2026},
author = {Deng, W and Li, X and Hu, M and Gao, D and Huang, J},
title = {Exploring the Underlying Mechanisms of Aerobic Exercise-Improving Cardiovascular Function by Integrating Microbiome, Metabolome, and Proteome Analysis in a High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity Rat Model.},
journal = {Nutrients},
volume = {18},
number = {5},
pages = {},
pmid = {41829917},
issn = {2072-6643},
support = {2023ZDZX2033//Guangdong Scientific Research Platform and Projects for the Higher-educational Institution/ ; 2025WCXTD012//Guangdong Scientific Research Platform and Projects for the Higher-educational Institution/ ; 2025KQNCX035//Guangdong Scientific Research Platform and Projects for the Higher-educational Institution/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Diet, High-Fat/adverse effects ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome/physiology ; *Obesity/physiopathology/metabolism/therapy/etiology/microbiology ; *Physical Conditioning, Animal/physiology ; Male ; Rats ; *Proteome ; *Metabolome ; Disease Models, Animal ; Proteomics ; Metabolomics ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; },
abstract = {Objective: This study aimed to investigate the potential mechanisms by which moderate-intensity aerobic exercise improves cardiovascular dysfunction in high-fat diet-induced obese rats through integrated multi-omics analysis. Methods: Animals were assigned to three groups: normal diet, HFD, and HFD with exercise. Cardiovascular function was assessed by echocardiography and vascular tension measurement. Gut microbiota, serum metabolites, and protein expression were analyzed using 16S rRNA sequencing, untargeted metabolomics, and proteomics, respectively. Integrated multi-omics analysis was performed using Mantel tests and mediation effect analysis. Results: Eight weeks of aerobic exercise significantly improved cardiovascular function in obese rats, including enhanced acetylcholine-induced vasodilation and increased left ventricular ejection fraction. Furthermore, exercise also reshaped the gut microbiota composition, notably altering the relative abundances of Lactobacillus and Ruminiclostridium_9. Metabolomics revealed that exercise shifted the metabolic phenotype from high-fat diet-induced basal metabolic disorder toward beneficial pathways, including fatty acid biosynthesis and ubiquinone biosynthesis. Proteomics identified key differentially expressed proteins such as APOE, FN1, and Lap3. Integrated multi-omics analysis for the first time revealed a core regulatory axis: exercise may influence Lap3 expression, modulate the abundance of Lactobacillus, and thereby systematically regulate the level of palmitoyl lysophosphatidylcholine, ultimately improving cardiovascular function. Conclusions: Aerobic exercise counteracts HFD-induced cardiovascular dysfunction through systemic remodeling of the gut microbiota-host metabolism-protein network. The discovery of the Lap3-Lactobacillus-palmitoyl lysophosphatidylcholine axis provides new molecular insights into the exercise-mediated protective mechanisms of the gut-cardiovascular system axis.},
}

Animals
*Diet, High-Fat/adverse effects
*Gastrointestinal Microbiome/physiology
*Obesity/physiopathology/metabolism/therapy/etiology/microbiology
*Physical Conditioning, Animal/physiology
Male
Rats
*Proteome
*Metabolome
Disease Models, Animal
Proteomics
Metabolomics
Rats, Sprague-Dawley

@article {pmid41829938,
year = {2026},
author = {Kroplewski, B and Przybyłowicz, KE and Sawicki, T and Przemieniecki, SW},
title = {Supplementation with Animal- and Plant-Derived Proteins Modulates the Structure and Predicted Metabolic Potential of the Gut Microbiota in Elite Football Players.},
journal = {Nutrients},
volume = {18},
number = {5},
pages = {},
pmid = {41829938},
issn = {2072-6643},
support = {MEiN/2023/DPI/2862//Minister of Science Republic of Poland/ ; },
mesh = {*Gastrointestinal Microbiome/drug effects ; Humans ; *Dietary Supplements ; Male ; Whey Proteins/administration & dosage ; Young Adult ; Adult ; Pea Proteins/administration & dosage ; *Plant Proteins/administration & dosage ; Oryza ; Resistance Training ; *Soccer ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics ; Athletes ; *Animal Proteins, Dietary/administration & dosage ; Animals ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The primary outcome of this 8-week randomized, controlled, parallel trial was to assess longitudinal shifts in gut microbiota structure and predicted metabolic potential in 45 elite football players following protein supplementation.

METHODS: Participants combined resistance training with daily intake (30 g) of whey protein concentrate (WPC), pea protein isolate (PPI), rice protein isolate (RPI), or a plant-protein blend (MIX). For the acquisition of prokaryotic metataxonomic data, the V3-V8 region of the 16S rRNA gene was sequenced using Oxford Nanopore Technology (ONT). Functional potential was inferred through the MACADAM database and STAMP software. Strict dietary monitoring and gravimetric adherence checks were performed to isolate the intervention effect.

RESULTS: While microbial alpha-diversity indices (Chao1, Shannon, Simpson) remained stable across all groups, significant source-specific shifts in taxonomic structure and predicted metabolic activity were identified. Whey protein concentrate (WPC) was associated with an increase in Bacteroidetes abundance and greater balance within the microbial community structure, whereas pea protein isolate (PPI) and the MIX correlated with reduced fermentative bacteria and elevated taxa potentially involved in cadaverine biosynthesis. Rice protein isolate (RPI) supplementation was associated with a higher predicted representation of taxa involved in succinate-to-butyrate fermentation pathways. These functional markers and differential responses of selected bacterial groups to particular protein types were observed.

CONCLUSIONS: The data indicate complex interactions between supplement type, exposure duration, and microbiome response, underscoring the necessity for individualized dietary recommendations and supplementation strategies to optimize gut health and training adaptation in professional football players.},
}

*Gastrointestinal Microbiome/drug effects
Humans
*Dietary Supplements
Male
Whey Proteins/administration & dosage
Young Adult
Adult
Pea Proteins/administration & dosage
*Plant Proteins/administration & dosage
Oryza
Resistance Training
*Soccer
RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics
Athletes
*Animal Proteins, Dietary/administration & dosage
Animals

@article {pmid41829951,
year = {2026},
author = {Toderescu, CD and Parveen, M and Trifunschi, S and Oancea, A and Jurj, GCC and Cresneac, IG and Munteanu, MF and Ciopanoiu, I and Boru, C and Pogurschi, EN and Ionite, C and Stefanache, A and Lungu, II},
title = {Dietary Polyphenols as Modulators of Bifidobacterium in the Human Gut Microbiota.},
journal = {Nutrients},
volume = {18},
number = {5},
pages = {},
pmid = {41829951},
issn = {2072-6643},
mesh = {Humans ; *Polyphenols/pharmacology/administration & dosage ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome/drug effects ; *Bifidobacterium/drug effects ; *Diet ; Hydroxybenzoates/pharmacology ; Flavonoids/pharmacology ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Polyphenols-bioactive compounds abundant in plant-based foods-are increasingly recognised for their capacity to modulate the gut microbiota. As the gut microbiome plays a central role in metabolic regulation, immune function, and disease prevention, understanding how specific polyphenol subclasses influence microbial diversity and functionality remains essential. Despite growing evidence of their benefits, the precise effects of flavonoids, phenolic acids, and anthocyanins on gut microbial composition are not yet fully clarified.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of dietary polyphenols on gut microbiota composition and function, with a particular focus on the abundance of Bifidobacterium, a key beneficial genus associated with metabolic and immune health. It was hypothesised that polyphenol-rich interventions were associated with increases in Bifidobacterium abundance and enhance overall microbial diversity.

DESIGN: A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted following PRISMA guidelines. Human intervention studies published between January 2015 and February 2025 were retrieved from PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. A predefined PICO framework guided study selection. Twenty-two studies were synthesised using thematic analysis, and four of these were eligible for quantitative meta-analysis. The meta-analysis was performed in R (version 4.4.1) using the metafor and meta packages, calculating standardised mean differences (SMD) under a random-effects model to account for heterogeneity. Extracted data included study design, population characteristics, polyphenol subclass, intervention type, microbiome assessment method, and key outcomes.

RESULTS: Across the 22 reviewed studies, polyphenols-particularly flavonoids and phenolic acids from foods such as berries, grape pomace, and green tea-consistently increased beneficial microbial taxa including Bifidobacterium, Faecalibacterium, and Lactobacillus. These microbial shifts were associated with improved metabolic markers, reduced inflammation, and enhancements in gut barrier integrity. Polyphenol-rich dietary patterns also showed benefits in conditions such as NAFLD, prediabetes, and depression. However, findings were influenced by interindividual variability, short intervention durations, and inconsistent methodologies. The meta-analysis revealed a significant positive effect of polyphenol intake on Bifidobacterium abundance (SMD = 0.81; 95% CI: 0.18-1.44; p = 0.0114), corresponding to a moderate-to-large effect size. Substantial heterogeneity (I[2] = 77.4%) suggested considerable variation in intervention types, dosage, study design, and microbiome analysis methods.

CONCLUSIONS: Polyphenol-rich diets were associated with increased Bifidobacterium abundance and favourable modulation of gut microbiota composition, supporting their potential as a nutritional strategy to enhance gut and metabolic health. However, interstudy variability highlights the need for more standardised, long-term, and mechanistically focused human trials. Future research should incorporate multi-omics approaches, personalised nutrition frameworks, and consistent microbiome analysis methods to better understand the pathways linking polyphenol intake and host health outcomes.},
}

Humans
*Polyphenols/pharmacology/administration & dosage
*Gastrointestinal Microbiome/drug effects
*Bifidobacterium/drug effects
*Diet
Hydroxybenzoates/pharmacology
Flavonoids/pharmacology

@article {pmid41829987,
year = {2026},
author = {Menni, AE and Theodorou, H and Tzikos, G and Stavrou, G and Theodorou, IM and Semertzidou, E and Venieri, J and Ioannidis, A and Shrewsbury, AD and Kotzampassi, K},
title = {Neurocosmetics or Hype? Psychobiotic Potential of Strain-Specific Cosmeceuticals.},
journal = {Nutrients},
volume = {18},
number = {5},
pages = {},
pmid = {41829987},
issn = {2072-6643},
mesh = {Humans ; *Probiotics/pharmacology/administration & dosage ; *Cosmeceuticals/pharmacology ; *Skin/microbiology/drug effects ; Skin Aging/drug effects ; Microbiota/drug effects ; },
abstract = {Background: There is increasing interest in cosmeceuticals-cosmetic regimes incorporating a specific probiotic or postbiotic strain, fully characterized genetically and phenotypically-which, when topically applied, have the ability to modulate the skin microbiome, exhibit anti-inflammatory properties and improve the overall skin appearance by reducing signs of aging. In addition, claims have been made that emotional and psychological well-being can be improved by neuroactive substances released by the probiotics in cosmeceuticals, acting via the skin-brain axis. However, claims are somewhat generalized and imprecise, and we deemed it important to look more precisely at published research relating to cosmeceuticals. There have been very few research publications on these products, identified as neurocosmetics, and they immediately provoked strong reactions from dermatologists and psychiatrists, mainly with regard to the ethical and safety aspects of their use. Objectives/Method: The present strain-centered literature evaluation aimed to select from peer-reviewed publications referring to cosmeceuticals only those dealing with fully characterized, specific probiotic strains with documented beneficial skin properties. Eligible strains found were subsequently subjected to a secondary search to ascertain whether they also demonstrated clinical, or even experimental, evidence of strain-specific psychobiotic properties. Results: From 33 strain-specific cosmeceuticals identified, only three strains-Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris H61, Limosilactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938, and Weizmannia coagulans MTCC 5856-demonstrated reproducible evidence of psychobiotic potential. Conclusions: Current evidence does not support the notion that cosmeceuticals are likely to directly modulate emotional states through topical application, since the coexistence of cosmeceutical and psychobiotic properties within the same probiotic strain seems to be both uncommon and highly strain-specific and therefore of little practical, generalized use.},
}

Humans
*Probiotics/pharmacology/administration & dosage
*Cosmeceuticals/pharmacology
*Skin/microbiology/drug effects
Skin Aging/drug effects
Microbiota/drug effects

@article {pmid41830018,
year = {2026},
author = {Benslimane, FM and Alser, M and Elgamal, AM and Mohammed, LI and Zakaria, ZZ and Sokary, S and Sohail, MU and Hammad, AS and Abbasi, SA and Al-Asmakh, M},
title = {Structured Exercise Modulates Gut Microbiota Composition and Protects Against Diet-Induced Dysbiosis in a Rat Model.},
journal = {Nutrients},
volume = {18},
number = {5},
pages = {},
pmid = {41830018},
issn = {2072-6643},
support = {QUCP-CHS-2019-2//Qatar University/ ; QUST-1-CHS-2024-1813//Qatar University/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome/physiology ; *Dysbiosis/prevention & control/microbiology/etiology ; *Physical Conditioning, Animal/physiology ; Rats, Wistar ; *Diet, High-Fat/adverse effects ; Male ; Rats ; Feces/microbiology ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics ; Disease Models, Animal ; Bacteria/classification ; },
abstract = {Background/Objectives: Dietary composition and physical activity are major determinants of gut microbiome structure, and dysbiosis is strongly associated with metabolic disorders. While both diet and exercise independently influence the gut microbiome, their interactive effects-particularly across different exercise modalities-remain incompletely understood. This study investigated the combined effects of diet type (normal chow [NC] vs. high-fat diet [HFD]) and exercise modality (control [C], voluntary [V], and forced [F]) on gut microbiota composition in rats. Methods: Sixty-three Wistar rats were randomized into six groups according to diet and exercise status. Fecal samples were collected and analyzed using full-length 16S rRNA gene sequencing (Oxford Nanopore Technologies). Alpha and beta diversity metrics were calculated, and taxonomic composition was assessed at phylum and genus levels. Results: HFD groups exhibited significantly higher alpha diversity than NC groups (Shannon index: 3.47-3.63 vs. 2.76-2.94, p < 0.001), with forced exercise associated with a greater diversity than voluntary exercise. Beta-diversity analysis confirmed diet as the dominant factor influencing microbial structure (PERMANOVA p = 0.001), with exercise providing an additional modulatory effect. Firmicutes, Bacteroidota, Deferribacterota, and Proteobacteria predominated, with Firmicutes decreasing under HFD. Forced exercise significantly enriched beneficial genera, including Akkermansia (detected exclusively in exercised HFD groups; p = 0.03), Blautia, Coprococcus, and Roseburia. Akkermansia abundance correlated positively with exercise distance (p < 0.001) and negatively with body weight (p < 0.01). Conclusions: Structured exercise, particularly forced treadmill training, attenuates HFD-associated dysbiosis and promotes the beneficial gut bacteria that is associated with metabolic health. These findings highlight exercise modality as a critical factor in dietary strategies targeting gut microbiome modulations.},
}

Animals
*Gastrointestinal Microbiome/physiology
*Dysbiosis/prevention & control/microbiology/etiology
*Physical Conditioning, Animal/physiology
Rats, Wistar
*Diet, High-Fat/adverse effects
Male
Rats
Feces/microbiology
RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics
Disease Models, Animal
Bacteria/classification

@article {pmid41830102,
year = {2026},
author = {Guan, Y and You, C and Sun, T and Nong, C and Wu, Z and Xu, Y and Shen, Q and Wei, Z},
title = {Stillage-based reductive soil disinfestation with organic materials reshapes the microbiome of continuous tomato soil and suppresses Fusarium wilt.},
journal = {Pest management science},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1002/ps.70727},
pmid = {41830102},
issn = {1526-4998},
support = {//This work was supported by the Anhui Provincial Postdoctoral Research Project (2024A778), the Jiangsu Province Excellent Postdoctoral Program (2024ZB584), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32500093), the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2025M772497), and the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2024YFC3406003 and 2022YFC3501501)./ ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Reductive soil disinfestation (RSD) can suppress soil-borne diseases in continuous cropping systems, yet the effectiveness of stillage and distillers' grains and the soil mechanisms associated with their use in tomato remain unclear. Here, we tested stillage-based RSD with or without solid amendments (distillers' grains, corn straw or sheep manure) and assessed plant performance, soil properties, enzymes activities and microbial community responses.

RESULTS: All RSD treatments increased tomato biomass and reduced the disease index. RSD increased soil pH, ammonium nitrogen (NH4 [+]-N), available phosphorus (AP) and labile organic carbon, while decreasing nitrate nitrogen. Bacterial communities were strongly reshaped, with enrichment of Firmicutes, Bacteroidota, and anaerobic fermenters (e.g. Proteiniphilum, Azospira) and depletion of Nitrospira and Fusarium. NH4 [+]-N, AP and pH were associated with microbial community composition and plant performance. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) and Mantel tests indicated that these variables were among the soil properties most closely linked to microbial community patterns and tomato growth under RSD.

CONCLUSION: Our findings demonstrate that stillage-based RSD, when co-applied with distillers' grains, sheep manure, or corn straw, effectively mitigates tomato continuous-cropping obstacle and promotes the valorization of liquor by-products by reconstructing a beneficial soil microbe-plant-nitrogen network. © 2026 Society of Chemical Industry.},
}

@article {pmid41830215,
year = {2026},
author = {Halpin, AL and McDonald, LC},
title = {Uncovering the Hidden Impacts of Modern Medicine's Expanding Pharmacopeia on Clostridioides difficile Infection Risk.},
journal = {The Journal of infectious diseases},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/infdis/jiag011},
pmid = {41830215},
issn = {1537-6613},
}

@article {pmid41830216,
year = {2026},
author = {Brown, KA and Coburn, B and Hernandez, A and Langford, BJ and Leung, V and MacFadden, D and Rooney, AM and Schwartz, KL and Daneman, N},
title = {Antibiotic and Nonantibiotic Drugs Associated With Clostridioides difficile Infection Risk: a Pharmacopoeia-Wide Case-Cohort Study.},
journal = {The Journal of infectious diseases},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/infdis/jiag001},
pmid = {41830216},
issn = {1537-6613},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is principally precipitated by antibiotics, due to their disruption of gut commensal bacteria. The comparative role of nonantibiotic drugs is poorly characterized.

METHODS: We examined the contribution of antibiotic and nonantibiotic drugs to CDI risk among residents age >65 years old and not hospitalized in the prior 30 days, between 2018 and 2023. The study used a case-cohort study design, with logistic regression analysis. The case definition consisted of first incident CDI, identified using comprehensive C. difficile testing, hospitalization, and treatment data. Outpatient oral drug exposures were measured in a 1-90-day window prior to case and control days. Adjusted regression models included covariates for age, sex, year and quarter, region, comorbid conditions, healthcare exposures, and drug exposures.

RESULTS: Among 16 196 CDI case patients and 549 831 controls, 335 drugs were included. After adjustment, the antibiotics amoxicillin-clavulanate (odds ratio [OR], 6.05 [95% confidence interval (CI), 5.69-6.43]), clindamycin (16.83 [15.53-18.24]), ciprofloxacin (3.83 [3.59-4.09]), and cephalexin (3.05 [2.86-3.25]), were the largest contributors to CDI risk. Nonantibiotic drugs pantoprazole (OR, 1.33 [95% CI, 1.27-1.39]) and ferrous fumarate (1.71 [1.61-1.82]) were the next largest. Metformin had a protective association (OR, 0.67 [95% CI, .63-.72]). In a meta-regression on a subset of 182 drugs, in vitro anticommensal activity was positively associated with CDI risk (P < .001).

CONCLUSIONS: This study provides insights into CDI etiology and avenues for stewardship and drug repurposing to combat CDI and antimicrobial resistance.},
}

@article {pmid41830530,
year = {2026},
author = {Bahia, W and Soltani, I and Ferchichi, S and Almawi, WY},
title = {Mechanisms and Therapeutic Implications of Microbiome-Mediated Immune Dysregulation in Recurrent Pregnancy Loss and Implantation Failure.},
journal = {American journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989)},
volume = {95},
number = {3},
pages = {e70219},
pmid = {41830530},
issn = {1600-0897},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; *Abortion, Habitual/immunology/microbiology ; Pregnancy ; *Dysbiosis/immunology ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome/immunology ; Embryo Implantation/immunology ; Animals ; Immune Tolerance ; *Microbiota/immunology ; },
abstract = {PROBLEM: Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL), defined as two or more consecutive pregnancy losses before 20 weeks of gestation, affects 1%-5% of couples of reproductive age worldwide. Growing evidence indicates a role for the microbiome in reproductive health, particularly in unexplained RPL.

METHOD OF STUDY: Based on a review of literature from PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases from January 2020 to September 2025, this comprehensive overview explores the current understanding of the link between microbiome dysbiosis and RPL.

RESULTS: Microbiome dysbiosis, especially a reduction in Lactobacillus dominance and increased diversity, is strongly linked to RPL across multiple reproductive sites. RPL is associated with the loss of protective Lactobacillus crispatus and a higher presence of potentially harmful bacteria, including Gardnerella vaginalis and Atopobium vaginae. An altered gut microbiome, particularly with lipopolysaccharide-producing gram-negative bacteria, contributes to systemic inflammation and immune dysfunction by disrupting maternal-fetal immune tolerance. The microbiome-immune axis is essential for establishing maternal-fetal tolerance, with dysbiosis promoting pro-inflammatory Th1/Th17 responses while suppressing regulatory T cells. Multiple mechanisms connect microbiome dysbiosis to RPL, including local inflammation, systemic immune issues, disruption of maternal-fetal immune tolerance, molecular mimicry, and autoimmunity.

CONCLUSIONS: The microbiome is a promising new target for RPL treatment, with personalized microbial profiling and targeted therapies showing potential to improve pregnancy outcomes. Clinical implementation requires standardized protocols, larger randomized controlled trials, and validation of microbiome-targeted interventions.},
}

Humans
Female
*Abortion, Habitual/immunology/microbiology
Pregnancy
*Dysbiosis/immunology
*Gastrointestinal Microbiome/immunology
Embryo Implantation/immunology
Animals
Immune Tolerance
*Microbiota/immunology

@article {pmid41830551,
year = {2026},
author = {Wang, Y and Huang, B and Wei, X and Guan, Y and Li, L and Zheng, Y and Sun, W},
title = {Gut microbiota metabolic reprogramming drives the development of metabolic diseases in the host.},
journal = {Gut microbes},
volume = {18},
number = {1},
pages = {2644681},
doi = {10.1080/19490976.2026.2644681},
pmid = {41830551},
issn = {1949-0984},
mesh = {*Gastrointestinal Microbiome/physiology ; Humans ; *Metabolic Diseases/microbiology/metabolism ; Animals ; *Dysbiosis/microbiology/metabolism ; Bacteria/metabolism/genetics/classification ; Metabolic Networks and Pathways ; Lipid Metabolism ; Metabolic Reprogramming ; },
abstract = {Metabolic diseases pose a major global health challenge, the pathogenesis of which centers on "metabolic reprogramming"; that is, the adaptive or pathological rewiring of metabolic pathways. Emerging evidence indicates that gut microbiota dysbiosis triggers its metabolic reprogramming prior to host disease onset and plays a pivotal role in the development of metabolic disorders. However, unlike host metabolic reprogramming, which has been well characterized, the pathogenic mechanisms resulting from gut microbiota metabolic reprogramming remain poorly understood, creating a critical knowledge gap regarding its role in systemic metabolic diseases. To address this gap, this review introduces the concept of gut microbiota metabolic reprogramming and establishes its foundational role in systemic metabolic disease. We propose that gut microbiota metabolic reprogramming constitutes an early pathogenic event, preceding and potentially driving subsequent metabolic alterations in the host. Within this framework, we systematically reveal that an imbalance in the gut microbiota leads to its significant metabolic reprogramming, including lipid, glucose, amino acid, and uric acid metabolism, which in turn regulates host-wide metabolic and immune homeostasis and contributes to the development of metabolic diseases. By integrating these mechanisms into a coherent model, our work provides a novel paradigm for understanding metabolic regulation. This model refines the fundamental pathophysiology of metabolic disorders and highlights new possibilities for targeting the microbiome for the prevention and treatment of metabolic disorders.},
}

*Gastrointestinal Microbiome/physiology
Humans
*Metabolic Diseases/microbiology/metabolism
Animals
*Dysbiosis/microbiology/metabolism
Bacteria/metabolism/genetics/classification
Metabolic Networks and Pathways
Lipid Metabolism
Metabolic Reprogramming

@article {pmid41830747,
year = {2026},
author = {Li, Z and Yue, Z and Gu, J and Wang, S and Zhang, L and Yu, Z and Deng, R and Wang, J},
title = {Hidden acidification beneath soil-covered mine waste dumps: links to oxygen-limited sulfur oxidation.},
journal = {Journal of environmental management},
volume = {404},
number = {},
pages = {129292},
doi = {10.1016/j.jenvman.2026.129292},
pmid = {41830747},
issn = {1095-8630},
abstract = {Soil covering is widely applied in mine-site restoration to suppress sulfide oxidation by limiting oxygen diffusion and promoting the enrichment of sulfate-reducing bacteria. However, increasing evidence indicates that acidification can recur beneath soil covers, raising concerns about the long-term stability of restored mine sites. In this study, we combined geochemical profiling with microbial community and ecological assembly analyses to investigate the processes associated with subsurface acidification in soil-covered waste dumps. Our results show that, despite initial lime neutralization, strong acidity re-emerged in amended layers within two years (pH < 4), accompanied by elevated metal (loid) bioavailability and upward acid migration. These geochemical changes were associated with a restructuring of the microbial community toward acidophilic taxa, including Sulfobacillus and Acidithiobacillus, and an increased representation of sulfur-related metabolic potentials inferred from functional prediction. Null model and network analyses further revealed a shift toward more deterministic community assembly and tightly connected microbial networks under low-pH conditions. Together, these findings suggest that subsurface acidification beneath soil covers is sustained by coupled geochemical processes and a specialized acidophilic microbiome. This study provides insight into the mechanistic underlying soil-cover restoration failure and highlights the need for restoration strategies that integrate long-term geochemical control with microbial process management.},
}

@article {pmid41830789,
year = {2026},
author = {Zhang, Y and Wang, X and Feng, G and Zheng, J and Sang, A and Jiang, J and Wu, J},
title = {Longitudinal Characterization of Gingival Microbiota Following Periodontally Accelerated Osteogenic Orthodontics Surgery in Skeletal Class III Orthognathic Patients.},
journal = {International dental journal},
volume = {76},
number = {3},
pages = {109475},
doi = {10.1016/j.identj.2026.109475},
pmid = {41830789},
issn = {1875-595X},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Periodontally accelerated osteogenic orthodontics (PAOO) combines selective alveolar decortication with orthodontic force to accelerate tooth movement, but its influence on the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) microbiome and early periodontal condition remains unclear.

METHODS: In this repeated-measures, within-subject longitudinal study, 18 GCF samples were collected from 6 skeletal class III orthognathic patients at baseline (A0), 2 weeks after PAOO (A2), and 4 weeks post-PAOO coinciding with 2 weeks of active orthodontic force application (A4). Microbiota were profiled by 2bRAD-M sequencing, and periodontal indices (plaque index, bleeding index, probing depth, keratinized gingiva width) were recorded.

RESULTS: Periodontal indices remained stable with no significant increase in plaque, bleeding, or probing depth; notably, keratinized gingiva width increased significantly at A2 and A4. α-diversity showed stable richness but reduced evenness at A4. β-diversity demonstrated progressive shifts, with A2 as a transitional stage. Multi-level taxonomic analysis was performed to characterize temporal changes in microbial community structure during treatment progression. At the phylum level, Proteobacteria remained dominant throughout the study, followed by Firmicutes, Actinobacteriota, and Bacteroidota. Genus-level analysis revealed core genera including Neisseria, Streptococcus, and Prevotella, while species-level comparison showed that Haemophilus parainfluenzae and Actinomyces oris were present across timepoints with varying abundance. LEfSe analysis identified stage-specific microbial markers across A0/A2/A4. Functional prediction suggested potential involvement in lysine biosynthesis, necroptosis, β-lactam resistance, and immune signalling pathways.

CONCLUSIONS: In this pilot repeated-measures cohort, PAOO combined with early orthodontic force was associated with distinct temporal changes in the GCF microbiome while maintaining overall periodontal stability and increasing keratinized gingiva width. Predicted functional shifts may be relevant to host responses during early healing; however, mechanistic inferences require confirmation in larger longitudinal studies.},
}

@article {pmid41830828,
year = {2026},
author = {Chen, Y and Qi, Z and Yin, L and Chang, F and Ju, H and Jing, H and Diao, X},
title = {Multi-level holobiont dysregulation increases the ecological risk of combined ocean acidification and benzo[a]pyrene pollution to the reef-building coral Porites lutea.},
journal = {Journal of hazardous materials},
volume = {507},
number = {},
pages = {141743},
doi = {10.1016/j.jhazmat.2026.141743},
pmid = {41830828},
issn = {1873-3336},
abstract = {Reef-building corals are increasingly threatened by the combined effects of global climate change and localized organic pollutants. However, the holistic impacts of co-exposure to ocean acidification (OA) and benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) on coral holobionts remain poorly understood. Here, we investigated the multi-level responses of the reef-building coral Porites lutea to short-term (7-day) exposure to OA (pH 7.80), BaP (10 µg/L), and their combination, by integrating physiological measurements with microbiome profiling (ITS2 and 16S rRNA). We found that combined stress was associated with a dysregulated response in Symbiodiniaceae, characterized by a significant increase in cell density without a parallel rise in chlorophyll content, suggesting a possible compensatory but inefficient proliferation response. Despite this, the dominant symbiont Cladocopium C15 remained stable. The bacterial diversity increased (e.g., enrichment of Ruegeria and Acanthopleuribacter, decline of Endozoicomonas), which may suggest enhanced functional redundancy, while the archaeal community was significantly restructured, most notably a marked decline of the putative obligate Nanoarchaeota-Halobacterota symbiosis. At the host level, combined stress was associated with suppressed antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD/POD) but upregulated genes related to protein folding (Hsp90) and calcium homeostasis (NCX1, VAMP4). These findings suggest a complex holobiont reconfiguration under combined stress, involving a stabilized core symbiont, altered microbiomes, and a shifted host defense strategy. Our study suggests that the ecological risk of combined OA and organic pollution may not be extrapolated from single-stressor responses, indicating the need to incorporate multi-stressor frameworks into coral reef risk assessments.},
}

@article {pmid41830897,
year = {2026},
author = {Huang, J and Zhou, D and Sun, H and Hong, X and Huang, Y and Chen, W and Zhu, H and Wang, X and Yang, Y and Liu, C},
title = {Seasonal dynamics of host-associated microbiome and potential human pathogen in Crassostrea ariakensis and Perna viridis.},
journal = {Marine pollution bulletin},
volume = {228},
number = {},
pages = {119540},
doi = {10.1016/j.marpolbul.2026.119540},
pmid = {41830897},
issn = {1879-3363},
abstract = {The microbial communities and foodborne pathogenic bacteria in bivalves have long been topics of interest due to their fundamental economic and ecological roles. This study investigated the seasonal dynamics of microbial composition and foodborne pathogen loads in the gills and visceral mass of Crassostrea ariakensis and Perna viridis, cohabiting the same aquatic environment. Both bivalve species exhibited higher bacterial richness and diversity than the surrounding water. They shared 5682 ASVs, accounting for over 50% of total ASVs. Core microbiota in both species was dominated by Firmicutes and Proteobacteria, though P. viridis gills showed higher Spirochaetota abundance. At the family level, Lactobacillaceae and Acetobacteraceae were predominant in June but decreased markedly in other months. Spirochaetaceae relative abundance was consistently higher in P. viridis than in C. ariakensis. C. ariakensis exhibited a greater relative abundance of potential pathogens (up to 10.75%), primarily Escherichia-Shigella and Bacteroides, whereas P. viridis was dominated by Lactiplantibacillus and Escherichia-Shigella. Plate counting identified V. parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus as the dominant culturable foodborne bacteria, with higher abundances in March and December. The visceral mass often harbored higher bacterial levels than gills. Potential pathogen profiles from 16S rRNA data were influenced by temperature, pH, chlorophyll-a, ammonia nitrogen, and phosphate, whereas total culturable bacteria were affected by all measured factors except chlorophyll-a. Temperature and nitrate significantly influenced V. vulnificus abundance in both bivalves. This study highlights how host species, tissue type, season, and environmental factors interact to shape bivalve-associated microbiomes and pathogen prevalence, providing insights for seafood safety management.},
}

@article {pmid41830975,
year = {2026},
author = {Hesarooeyeh, ZG and Khalili, E and Michel, TM and Vafaee, MS},
title = {The pathogenic role of gut microbiota dysbiosis in Alzheimer's disease: a narrative review of neuroimaging evidence.},
journal = {Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996)},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {41830975},
issn = {1435-1463},
}

@article {pmid41831181,
year = {2026},
author = {Jankowski, WM and Fichna, J and Tarasiuk-Zawadzka, A},
title = {Can Nutrition Modulate the Progression of Alzheimer's Disease? A Narrative Review.},
journal = {Current nutrition reports},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {},
pmid = {41831181},
issn = {2161-3311},
support = {#503/1-156-04/503-11-001//Uniwersytet Medyczny w Lodzi/ ; },
}

@article {pmid41831243,
year = {2026},
author = {Wang, J and Zhao, W and Zhu, S and Huang, K and Zhang, Y and Cheng, H and Ma, Q and Song, D and Liu, J and Zhang, XH and Wang, X},
title = {Vertical distribution pattern, preferred life strategies and environmental response of prokaryotic microbiome in the eastern tropical indian ocean.},
journal = {Marine environmental research},
volume = {217},
number = {},
pages = {107979},
doi = {10.1016/j.marenvres.2026.107979},
pmid = {41831243},
issn = {1879-0291},
abstract = {The eastern tropical Indian Ocean (ETIO) features strong water stratification that forms typical oligotrophic conditions, making it an ideal region to study the environmental response of microbes. However, there is still a lack of understanding the vertical distribution patterns of prokaryotic microbiome with different lifestyles. In this study, we investigated the abundance, diversity, and distribution characteristics of free-living (FL) and particle-associated (PA) microorganisms along depth in the ETIO. Microbial abundance and alpha diversity indices decreased significantly with depth, dropping from 7.45 ± 1.20 to 6.35 ± 0.42 lg copies/L (FL) and from 5.72 ± 0.43 to 5.17 ± 0.43 lg copies/L (PA), respectively. The community composition and network complexity showed significantly vertical differentiation. Several bacteria become depth-specific microbial indicators, i.e., Cyanobacteria and Rhodospirillaceae in the mixed layer (<100m; SL), SAR324 clade and Salinisphaeraceae enriched in the mesopelagic zone (100-1,000m; mesopelagic zone, ML), whereas Acidobacteriota, Gemmatimonadota and Alteromonadaceae in the deep layer (>1,000m; bathypelagic layer, BL). The clustered patterns of microbes were mainly affected by temperature, salinity and dissolved oxygen (DO) in SL, and shifted toward dominance by stochastic processes with increasing depth. Our findings reveal strategies of microbes with different lifestyles to adapt to stratified marine environments through community restructuring, providing a theoretical basis for assessing their ecological roles in biogeochemical cycles.},
}

@article {pmid41831436,
year = {2026},
author = {Liang, S and Sun, Y and Miao, Z and Li, BY and Xing, Z and Xie, Y and Cai, E and Li, S and Liu, P and Yang, M and Shuai, M and Gou, W and Jiang, W and Wang, Y and Gao, H and Zhang, K and Yu, J and Cai, X and Wang, X and Zhu, Y and Chen, YM and Zheng, JS and Guo, T},
title = {Large-scale metaproteomics of human gut microbiota reveals microbial functions in metabolic diseases and aging.},
journal = {Cell metabolism},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.cmet.2026.02.012},
pmid = {41831436},
issn = {1932-7420},
abstract = {The protein-level functionalities of the human gut microbiota in large populations, and their associations with host factors, remain unexplored. This study reports a metaproteomic study of 1,967 fecal samples from 1,399 middle-aged and elderly Chinese individuals, identifying microbial functions linked to 44 phenotypes. We uncover aging-associated functional shifts in carbon metabolism and energy production driven by species within the Bacillota, Bacteroidota, Actinomycetota, and Pseudomonadota. Across metabolic diseases, we observe the consistent depletion of Bacillota species and their proteins involved in carbohydrate, energy, amino acid metabolism, and short-chain fatty acid production. We also identify medication-associated features across diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. Validated in an independent cohort, Megasphaera elsdenii emerged as a hub species in type 2 diabetes. Experimental validation indicates that M. elsdenii is promoted by antidiabetic drugs and may regulate glucose homeostasis through butyrate production. This study provides protein-level evidence of microbial functions in health and disease, highlighting potential therapeutic targets.},
}

@article {pmid41831475,
year = {2026},
author = {Figueroa, AG and Joshi, CN and Patel, MN},
title = {From clinical practice to mechanistic insights in ketogenic diets for epilepsy.},
journal = {The Lancet. Neurology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/S1474-4422(26)00008-6},
pmid = {41831475},
issn = {1474-4465},
abstract = {Ketogenic diet therapies, including the classic ketogenic diet, modified Atkins diet, and low glycaemic index treatment, have shown effectiveness in controlling seizures, in part by shifting metabolism from glucose to ketone bodies. They improve mitochondrial function, reduce neuroinflammation, and modulate neurotransmitters. Ketogenic diet therapies also affect the gut microbiome, potentially impacting neurotransmitter balance in ways that contribute to seizure control. A classic ketogenic diet is effective yet restrictive, whereas the modified Atkins diet and low glycaemic index treatment offer greater flexibility, tolerability, and ease of implementation, particularly in resource-limited settings. Cochrane reviews and meta-analyses rank the certainty of randomised controlled trial evidence for ketogenic diet therapies as limited. Early initiation of ketogenic diet therapies, particularly in children or patients with metabolic epilepsies, improves seizure outcomes, potentially preventing further mitochondrial and neuronal damage and reducing the risk of developing resistance to antiseizure medications. Research using rigorous, large-scale comparative effectiveness study designs that accounts for differences in age, epilepsy type, dietary therapy modality, sociodemographic background, care delivery contexts, and that minimises performance and observation bias is needed to resolve remaining uncertainties regarding the efficacy and real-world challenges of ketogenic diet therapies in epilepsy.},
}

@article {pmid41831535,
year = {2026},
author = {Chen, J and Xiao, C and Cao, M and Hu, Y and Yan, Y and Tong, J and Cheng, C and Huang, J},
title = {Association between gut virome and prenatal stress-induced changes in behavior and immune responses in male offspring.},
journal = {Brain, behavior, and immunity},
volume = {135},
number = {},
pages = {106532},
doi = {10.1016/j.bbi.2026.106532},
pmid = {41831535},
issn = {1090-2139},
abstract = {Maternal stress during gestation is associated with an increased risk of neurodevelopmental disorders in offspring. The gut-brain axis is considered a potential mediating pathway. As a key component of the gut microbiome, the bacteriophages can remodel bacterial community structure and function. However, whether gut viruses contribute to prenatal stress-induced behavioral alterations in offspring remains unclear. Here, we reported that prenatal stress induces anxiety-like behaviors and alters the gut virome and bacteriome specifically in male offspring. By comparing the gut virome and bacteriome between dams and their offspring, we found that the gut microbial profile of male offspring is more similar to that of their mothers than that of female offspring. To investigate whether changes in the gut virome are causally linked to stress-related behavioral or physiological outcomes, we transplanted gut viromes from control offspring into the offspring exposed to maternal prenatal stress. The results showed that transplantation of the gut virome from control offspring alleviated anxiety-like behaviors, restored the gut microbiome, and modulated immune responses in prenatally stressed offspring. Our findings highlight the critical role of gut bacteriophages in mediating prenatal stress-induced behavioral changes and demonstrate that fecal virome transplantation (FVT) can mitigate such alterations. Thus, we establish a causal link between prenatal stress, the gut virome, immune function, and behavior, pointing to FVT as a potential therapeutic strategy for certain neurodevelopment-related behavioral abnormalities.},
}

@article {pmid41831647,
year = {2026},
author = {Tashiguano, VM and Sierra, K and Black, T and Sirmon, M and Leeds, P and Jones, J and Doster, J and Smith, C and Jia, Z and Garner, L and Cho, S and Hanna, J and Trout, K and Almasri, M and Li, H and Morey, A},
title = {A Multidisciplinary Approach for Predicting the Microbiological Spoilage of Chicken Breast Fillets due to Cold-chain Disruption.},
journal = {Journal of food protection},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {100754},
doi = {10.1016/j.jfp.2026.100754},
pmid = {41831647},
issn = {1944-9097},
abstract = {Cold-chain disruptions during storage and distribution of raw poultry can significantly reduce product shelf-life and safety. This study evaluated the effects of short-term cyclic temperature abuse (TA) on the retail shelf-life of fresh chicken breast, using a multidisciplinary approach that combined food microbiology, machine learning (ML), metagenomics, and volatile compound (VC) analysis. Boneless, skinless chicken breast trays (n = 450) were obtained from a commercial poultry processor and transported under refrigeration (4°C) to Auburn University. In three independent trials, trays were randomly assigned to one of three treatments: (1) Control at 4°C for 24 h; (2) TA Cycle 1: alternating 30 min at 4°C and 1 h at 30°C; and (3) TA Cycle 2: alternating 30 min at 4°C and 1 h at 37°C. TA cycles lasted 7.5 h, after which all trays were stored at 4°C. Samples were analyzed on days 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 for aerobic, facultative anaerobic, and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) counts, and for VCs using an electronic nose. Rinsates from Trial 3 were stored at -80°C for metagenomic analysis. TA Cycle 2 resulted in the highest spoilage rates, followed by TA Cycle 1. A neural network model moderately predicted bacterial growth (R[2] = 0.65-0.75 for aerobic and facultative anaerobic microorganisms; lower for LAB). Metagenomics demonstrated a shift toward Pseudomonas spp. dominance under TA conditions, while control samples retained microbial diversity. These findings underscore that even short-term TA significantly alters the microbiome and accelerates spoilage in raw poultry, emphasizing the importance of cold-chain integrity. Practical Relevance. This study shows that short, high-temperature abuse events from refrigeration failure, handling delays, or other supply chain disruptions can accelerate spoilage in raw chicken. By combining rapid spoilage-detection tools with predictive models, poultry producers and retailers may better monitor these events, helping to maintain cold-chain integrity and reduce losses.},
}

@article {pmid41831719,
year = {2026},
author = {Shen, CL and Elmassry, MM and Kahathuduwa, C and Lee, J and Day, MR and Edwards, DS and Parmar, H and Wager, TD and Liu, X and Baccus, M and Hamood, A and Neugebauer, V},
title = {Influence of Ginger Root Extract Supplementation on the Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis in Individuals with Sciatica: Study Protocol for a Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Randomized Trial.},
journal = {Clinical nutrition ESPEN},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {103117},
doi = {10.1016/j.clnesp.2026.103117},
pmid = {41831719},
issn = {2405-4577},
abstract = {Neuropathic pain (NP) is caused by damage to the peripheral or central nervous system and is associated with adverse complex sensory and affective symptoms. There are few current treatment options for NP, and opioid analgesics have severe side effects which can lead to opioid abuse. Therefore, the development of innovative, effective, and safe alternatives is urgently needed. This study will assess the effects of ginger root extract's anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties on individuals with sciatica via the microbiome-gut-brain axis. Eighty participants (18-85 years) with chronic sciatica, classified as lean (n=40, BMI <25 kg/m[2]) or obese (n=40, BMI ≥30 kg/m[2]), will be stratified by age, sex, and BMI to receive 2,000 mg/day of ginger extract or placebo for eight weeks. Primary outcomes are pain-associated outcomes and brain neuroplasticity by assessing functional (resting state-fMRI) and structural (Diffusion Tensor Imaging) connectivity. Secondary outcomes include gut function (gut microbiota composition using 16S rRNA sequencing analysis, intestinal permeability assessing concentrations of plasma lipopolysaccharide binding protein and fecal zonulin, and fecal metabolites using LC-MS/MS analysis) and neuroinflammation: nCounter® Neuroinflammation Panel analysis. We will evaluate outcomes at baseline and end of study. We will employ intention-to-treat principle and per-protocol for data analysis. Hierarchical linear modeling is utilized to estimate ginger supplementation's effects while properly accounting for data dependency and identified covariates. This study was approved by the Bioethics Committee of the Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX. Participants will sign an informed consent form before enrolling in the study. Our team will actively disseminate the results from this trial through academic conference presentations and peer-reviewed journals. We are now actively recruiting subjects for this study. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT06817018.},
}

@article {pmid41831799,
year = {2026},
author = {Qi, H and Wu, R and Liao, J and Alvarez, PJJ and Yu, P},
title = {Longitudinal multi-omics reveal phase-dependent viral adaptive strategies and functional potential during formation of algal-bacterial granular sludge.},
journal = {Bioresource technology},
volume = {449},
number = {},
pages = {134410},
doi = {10.1016/j.biortech.2026.134410},
pmid = {41831799},
issn = {1873-2976},
abstract = {Virus-prokaryote interactions within microbial aggregates critically influence microbiome function and stability, yet the interactive dynamics during microbial aggregation remain largely unexplored. Here, longitudinal multi-omics revealed that prokaryotic host community diversity underwent decline and subsequent recovery during algal-bacterial granular sludge (ABGS) formation from activated sludge. Declined host diversity in the collapse phase enriched for lysogenic viruses and facilitated virus-host mutualistic symbiosis, during which the proportion of lysogenic metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) peaked at 84% (841,649 TPM), with auxiliary metabolic genes (AMGs) primarily involved in genetic information processing and amino acid metabolism. Moreover, low host diversity increased viral microdiversity by 1.97-fold and selected for virion structure genes that were conducive to viral fitness and replication. As host diversity recovered during the recovery phase, viruses and hosts engaged in an evolutionary arms race, with both host defense systems (DS) (Spearman's Rho = 0.68, P < 0.05) and viral anti-defense systems (ADS) (Spearman's Rho = 0.51, P < 0.05) enriched along with granule maturation. Furthermore, active lysogenic infections were accompanied by the dissemination of AMGs predominantly associated with the metabolism of cofactors, vitamins, terpenoids, and polyketides. Despite their phase-dependent functional profiles, lysogenic phages with AMGs putatively enhanced the structural and functional stability of the microbiome during ABGS formation. Overall, our study unveils a phase-dependent co-evolutionary interplay between viruses and prokaryotic hosts during ABGS formation, providing insights into virus-mediated microbial structural and functional resilience in engineered ecosystems.},
}

@article {pmid41831878,
year = {2026},
author = {Yang, S and Li, Y and Zong, C and Pan, X and Wang, H and Fang, Q and Shi, L and Dong, F and Cao, H},
title = {LDH-based avermectin nanopesticide modulates bioaccumulation, antioxidant responses, and microbiota stability in earthworms' gut.},
journal = {Pesticide biochemistry and physiology},
volume = {219},
number = {},
pages = {107010},
doi = {10.1016/j.pestbp.2026.107010},
pmid = {41831878},
issn = {1095-9939},
mesh = {Animals ; *Ivermectin/analogs & derivatives/toxicity/pharmacology/chemistry ; *Oligochaeta/drug effects/microbiology/metabolism ; *Antioxidants/metabolism ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome/drug effects ; Oxidative Stress/drug effects ; *Nanoparticles/chemistry ; *Pesticides/toxicity/chemistry/pharmacology ; *Insecticides/toxicity ; },
abstract = {Nanopesticides offer a promising route to improve the safety and environmental performance of conventional agrochemicals by leveraging their small size and structured surfaces to modify behavior within the earthworm gut. Here, a Mg/Al-LDH nanocarrier loaded with avermectin (LDHs-AVM) was synthesized and characterized by plate-like, hexagonal morphology with nanoscale dimensions (<100 nm). Earthworm bioaccumulation assays showed that LDHs-AVM, despite slightly lower peak tissue levels than AVM (0.13-0.17 and 0.15-0.20 mg/kg), persisted longer, indicating formulation-dependent enhancement of stability. Consistent with these kinetic profiles, histopathology revealed that AVM induced severe epidermal and intestinal lesions, whereas LDHs-AVM caused only mild structural disturbances, demonstrating substantial attenuation of tissue toxicity. Gut biomarker assays further showed reduced oxidative damage and enhanced antioxidant/detoxification responses under LDHs-AVM exposure, confirming mitigation of AVM-induced oxidative stress. Fluorescence imaging demonstrated strong intestinal enrichment of LDHs-AVM with limited systemic diffusion, supporting gut-targeted biodistribution (0.094 and 0.041 mg/kg). At the microbiome and transcriptome levels, NGS profiling showed that LDHs-AVM enhanced microbial diversity while AVM caused marked dysbiosis, and RNA-seq indicated far fewer DEGs with suppression of AVM-activated PI3K-AKT/MAPK stress pathways, together evidencing mitigation of AVM-induced molecular disruption. Collectively, these results demonstrated that LDHs-AVM reduces toxicity, preserves gut microbial homeostasis, and enhances intestinal protection in Eisenia fetida, establishing an integrated framework for nanopesticide safety assessment and highlighting LDH-based systems as promising platforms for sustainable and environmentally responsible agrochemical design.},
}

Animals
*Ivermectin/analogs & derivatives/toxicity/pharmacology/chemistry
*Oligochaeta/drug effects/microbiology/metabolism
*Antioxidants/metabolism
*Gastrointestinal Microbiome/drug effects
Oxidative Stress/drug effects
*Nanoparticles/chemistry
*Pesticides/toxicity/chemistry/pharmacology
*Insecticides/toxicity

@article {pmid41832088,
year = {2026},
author = {Schwalbe, M and Bosch, T and El Aidy, S},
title = {Gut motility as a driver of microbial community architecture and host-microbe evolution.},
journal = {Trends in microbiology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.tim.2025.12.016},
pmid = {41832088},
issn = {1878-4380},
abstract = {Digestive systems are dynamic, contractile ecosystems that continually shape the physical and chemical niches inhabited by gut microbes. Patterns of mixing and propulsion generate flow, shear, and nutrient gradients that select for microbial traits such as adhesion, biofilm formation, and metabolic timing. Microbial metabolites, in turn, influence smooth muscle excitability and enteric neural circuits, creating bidirectional feedback that structures microbial communities and affects host physiology. We argue that gastrointestinal motility, an ancient and nearly universal feature of metazoan digestive systems, functions as an evolutionary scaffold, linking microbial spatial organization with host neuromuscular diversification. Comparative evidence from cnidarians to mammals highlights how these interactions have shaped both microbial ecology and host adaptation, with relevance for understanding modern dysmotility-microbiome disorders.},
}

@article {pmid41832138,
year = {2026},
author = {Li, G and Liu, T and Chuai, H and Ma, H and Yang, Z and Xu, Y and Li, H and Shen, Q and Hu, F and Geisen, S and Jousset, A and Wei, Z and Hogle, S},
title = {Predator-driven microbial feedback loops promote plant health.},
journal = {Nature communications},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1038/s41467-026-70413-3},
pmid = {41832138},
issn = {2041-1723},
support = {42577332//National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China)/ ; },
abstract = {Top-down trophic interactions are major drivers of microbiome dynamics, yet their outcomes are difficult to predict and their consequences for pathogen control remain unclear. We combine synthetic bacterial communities of varying complexity with field studies and microcosm assays to test whether microbivorous nematodes reorganize microbiomes to suppress soilborne disease. Field studies show stronger nematode-microbe associations around healthy plants, and microcosm assays confirm that nematode presence produces stable suppression, whereas microbe-only communities collapse under pathogen invasion. Nematode predation depletes non-preferred bacterial taxa and enriches metabolically versatile taxa within Proteobacteria, increasing community-level antagonistic potential and promoting complementary resource-use interactions linked to pathogen inhibition, yielding suppression beyond individual or pairwise effects. A minimal four-component feedback loop linking a nematode predator, plant pathogens, and two plant-associated bacteria with complementary functions accounts for the emergent outcome. Together, these results reveal an animal-mediated pathway of microbiome assembly that enhances resistance to pathogen invasion and provide a trophically informed framework for designing stable, disease-suppressive microbiomes in agriculture.},
}

@article {pmid41832256,
year = {2026},
author = {Mendes, K and Gomes, ATPC and Resende, CMM and Ribeiro, IS and Oliveira, RMC and Rosa, N and Muniz, MTC and Correia, MJ},
title = {Standardizing oral microbiome sampling for qPCR: methodological and exploratory insights into nutritional status.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1038/s41598-026-43909-7},
pmid = {41832256},
issn = {2045-2322},
support = {CEECINST/00070/2021-CIIS-Júnior//Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia/ ; UID/04279/2025 and DOI identifier https://doi.org/10.54499/UID/04279/2025 - Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Saúde//Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia/ ; UID/04279/2025 and DOI identifier https://doi.org/10.54499/UID/04279/2025 - Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Saúde//Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia/ ; UID/04279/2025 and DOI identifier https://doi.org/10.54499/UID/04279/2025 - Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Saúde//Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia/ ; CAPES - Finance code 001//Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior/ ; },
abstract = {Standardization of oral sample collection methods is essential for accurate and reproducible microbiota quantification. This methodological study aimed to evaluate different oral collection methods to identify the most consistent approach for bacterial quantification by qPCR using samples from adolescent individuals. In addition, to assess the biological applicability of the best method, an exploratory analysis compared bacterial profiles between eutrophic and overweight/obese adolescents and explored associations between bacterial abundance and body composition parameters. Samples of unstimulated saliva, cheek swabs, and biofilm were collected from the same individuals, and qPCR was used to quantify total bacteria (16 S rRNA gene), Bacillota, and Bacteroidota phyla. Unstimulated saliva produced the lowest variability in bacterial quantification compared with other methods (p < 0.05). Moderate correlations were observed between saliva and biofilm, whereas saliva and cheek swab showed weak associations. Although bacterial copy numbers tended to be higher in overweight/obese individuals, these differences were not statistically significant. Correlation matrices suggested group-specific associations between bacterial taxa and body composition parameters, demonstrating the potential of saliva for microbiome assessment in studies of nutritional and metabolic health. This study validated unstimulated saliva as a reproducible, non-invasive, and cost-effective biofluid for oral microbiota quantification by qPCR. The method provides consistent results suitable for large-scale, translational, or point-of-care applications.},
}

@article {pmid41832285,
year = {2026},
author = {Islam, SMN and Iqbal, MM and Haider, MN and Chowdhury, MZH and Mim, MF and Sultana, R and Rahman, GM and Jahangir, MMR},
title = {Temporal variation of bacterial community structure and dynamics in urea-fertilized irrigated rice rhizosphere.},
journal = {Environmental science and pollution research international},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {41832285},
issn = {1614-7499},
abstract = {Due to a lack of understanding of plant-microbe-soil interaction, nitrogen (N) biogeochemistry in rice ecosystems remains a mystery. Specifically, data on temporal shifts in rhizospheric microbial communities under urea fertilization in irrigated rice systems are limited. This study investigated the temporal dynamics of bacterial community structure in the rhizosphere of urea-fertilized irrigated rice. The bacterial community exhibited higher species richness and evenness following the first and second dose of urea application but declined after the third dose. The results also revealed that soil N content had the most impact on the structures of the bacterial communities. The application of urea reduced bacterial families such as Sphingomonadaceae, Nocardioidaceae, and Kineosporiaceae, related to N fixation, organic matter decomposition, nutrient solubilization and methanogenesis, indicating their sensitivity to increased N levels. Conversely, Methylocystaceae, a methene oxidizing group, was increased after urea application suggesting their ability to proliferate under these conditions. Functional annotation using the KEGG pathway revealed elevated isoquinoline alkaloid biosynthesis after N applications. The findings of this study provide a basis for uncovering the bacterial community structure in the rice rhizosphere that is influenced by N fertilizer application.},
}

@article {pmid41832672,
year = {2026},
author = {Haddadi, A and Heidari, A and Rezaei, N},
title = {Alzheimer's Disease, Circadian Rhythms, and the Immune System: Potential Interconnections.},
journal = {Current pharmaceutical design},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.2174/0113816128433445251211165723},
pmid = {41832672},
issn = {1873-4286},
abstract = {Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder, marked by the accumulation of amyloid-β plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. Its incidence is rising as the global population ages. This narrative review explores the emerging interconnections among AD, circadian rhythms, and the immune system. The circadian system, governed by endogenous clocks, regulates key physiological processes and exhibits disruptions in the early stages of AD. Chronodisruption, disturbance of circadian rhythms, has been implicated in AD pathogenesis through its effects on metabolism, sleep, and neuroinflammation. The immune system also plays a central role in AD, with microglia and astrocytes contributing to disease progression. Immune function displays circadian variation, and disruptions in sleep and circadian timing may impair immune responses, promote inflammation, and compromise amyloid-β clearance. Therapeutic strategies targeting circadian regulation, including melatonin agonists and orexin receptor antagonists, may help mitigate cognitive decline. Additionally, the gut microbiome, modulated by circadian and sleep patterns, has emerged as a potential contributor to AD pathophysiology. This review also highlights interventions that support immune health, such as the Mediterranean diet, antiviral therapies, and physical activity, which may collectively attenuate AD risk. Finally, the bidirectional relationship between immune signaling and circadian rhythms, evidenced by immune modulation of clock genes, underscores a complex, integrated regulatory network. Understanding these interrelated systems may uncover novel approaches for prevention and treatment. By elucidating these interconnections, this review aims to shed light on novel therapeutic strategies and interventions that address multiple facets of the disease, offering potential avenues to improve outcomes for individuals with AD.},
}

@article {pmid41832741,
year = {2026},
author = {Fields, BC and Traweek, RS and Jiang, K and Witt, RG and Damania, A and Chiang, YJ and Ajami, N and Nassif-Haddad, E and Keung, EZ and Chelvanambi, M and Zhang, X and Peterson, CB and Wargo, JA and Daniel, CR and Roland, CL and Holder, AM},
title = {High dietary fiber is associated with improved outcomes in patients with melanoma and sarcoma treated with immunotherapy regardless of gut microbiome dysbiosis and social vulnerability.},
journal = {Cancer},
volume = {132},
number = {6},
pages = {e70335},
pmid = {41832741},
issn = {1097-0142},
support = {//Bristol-Myers Squibb/ ; T32 CA 009599/NH/NIH HHS/United States ; 1R01 CA219896-01A1/NH/NIH HHS/United States ; 1R01CA291965-01/NH/NIH HHS/United States ; P30-CA016672/NH/NIH HHS/United States ; //Andrew Sabin Family Foundation/ ; //University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center/ ; /MRA/Melanoma Research Alliance/United States ; //American Association for Cancer Research/ ; //Sarcoma Foundation of America/ ; //Society of Surgical Oncology/ ; //American College of Surgeons/ ; //Congressionally Directed Medical Research Programs/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *Dietary Fiber/administration & dosage ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome/drug effects ; *Melanoma/drug therapy/mortality/microbiology/therapy/immunology/pathology ; Female ; Male ; Middle Aged ; *Dysbiosis/microbiology ; *Sarcoma/drug therapy/mortality/microbiology/therapy/immunology ; Aged ; *Immunotherapy/methods ; *Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors/therapeutic use ; Prospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome ; Adult ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Social vulnerability, dietary fiber, and the gut microbiome have been individually implicated in clinical outcomes for melanoma and sarcoma patients. This study hypothesized that increasing social vulnerability is associated with insufficient dietary fiber intake and negatively associated with microbiome composition and clinical outcomes.

METHODS: Clinicopathologic data, baseline fiber intake, and gut microbiome profiles were assessed in 153 patients with melanoma or sarcoma treated with immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) and prospectively followed. Patients' social vulnerability index (SVI) and fiber intake were evaluated for associations with microbiome composition, treatment response, and overall survival (OS).

RESULTS: SVI percentile was 0.4 (interquartile ratio [IQR], 0.2-0.7), and median dietary fiber intake was 17 (IQR, 15-20) g/day. SVI was inversely correlated with dietary fiber intake (r, -0.18, p = .0398). Gut microbiome analyses revealed community and compositional differences by SVI, including inverse associations with α-diversity and the relative abundance of favorable bacteria such as Bifidobacterium longum (p < .001), contrasting the positive associations observed between fiber and these microbial markers. Increased dietary fiber intake was associated with measurable response to ICB. A difference in OS was not observed in more socially vulnerable patients (SVI, not reached vs. 81.7 months), however, a survival advantage was evident with higher dietary fiber intake (not reached, 58.9 months).

CONCLUSIONS: Increased social vulnerability was associated with a less favorable gut microbiome composition but not worse OS among melanoma and sarcoma patients treated with ICB. Consistent with prior findings, high dietary fiber intake emerged as a potentially modifiable pathway to improve outcomes in patients initiating ICB, particularly those with increased SVI.},
}

Humans
*Dietary Fiber/administration & dosage
*Gastrointestinal Microbiome/drug effects
*Melanoma/drug therapy/mortality/microbiology/therapy/immunology/pathology
Female
Male
Middle Aged
*Dysbiosis/microbiology
*Sarcoma/drug therapy/mortality/microbiology/therapy/immunology
Aged
*Immunotherapy/methods
*Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors/therapeutic use
Prospective Studies
Treatment Outcome
Adult

@article {pmid41832868,
year = {2026},
author = {Urku, R and Yilmaz, SS and Çakan, H},
title = {Profiling microbiome signatures on mobile phones for forensic insights.},
journal = {Forensic science international},
volume = {384},
number = {},
pages = {112915},
doi = {10.1016/j.forsciint.2026.112915},
pmid = {41832868},
issn = {1872-6283},
abstract = {The use of mobile phones is increasingly widespread in daily life. Microorganisms present on phone surfaces can act as trace bacterial evidence at crime scenes, with potential applications in forensic sciences. In this study, we aimed to assess the presence, diversity, and forensic relevance of bacterial microbiomes on mobile phones. Swab samples were collected from the personal mobile phones of 50 individuals, with both the front and back surfaces sampled. All these samples (n = 100) were then cultured using conventional microbiological methods, followed by standard phenotypic tests and MALDI-TOF MS for microbial identification. A total of 161 colonies corresponding to 18 microbial species were identified on mobile phone surfaces, including both common skin flora and less common organisms. The presence of fungal species and gram-negative bacteria, although in lower abundance, highlights the complexity of microbial communities on these devices. Variations in bacterial diversity were influenced by handwashing frequency, phone cleaning habits, use of protective accessories, and gender, demonstrating that microbial signatures are shaped by a combination of behavioral and environmental factors. These findings provide sufficient depth to characterize microbiota on mobile phones and illustrate their potential as distinctive microbial patterns for forensic analysis. Moreover, significant differences were observed in relation to socio-demographic characteristics, handwashing habits, and use of protective accessories (p < 0.05). These results indicate that bacterial communities on mobile phones vary between individuals and that distinctive microbial patterns may serve as supportive forensic indicators.},
}

@article {pmid41833034,
year = {2026},
author = {Goel, A and Das, S and Mazumder, A and Sinha, A},
title = {Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis: A Novel Paradigm in the Neurobiology of Anxiety.},
journal = {CNS & neurological disorders drug targets},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.2174/0118715273411443251201153434},
pmid = {41833034},
issn = {1996-3181},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: The gut microbiome and the central nervous system are intricately connected through a bidirectional communication system that plays a vital role in maintaining gut homeostasis and overall health. Disruptions in this interaction are linked to gastrointestinal and neuropsychiatric disorders, including anxiety. This review aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the gut microbiota's role in anxiety and evaluate the therapeutic potential of prebiotics.

METHODS: This review synthesizes recent literature from databases including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, focusing on the gut microbiota's role in anxiety and the therapeutic potential of prebiotics.

RESULTS: The microbiota-gut-brain axis communicates through multiple pathways, including the vagus nerve, immune signaling, microbial metabolites, and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Prebiotics modulate these pathways by enhancing beneficial microbial populations and influencing the production of neuroactive compounds. Key molecular targets implicated in this communication include brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), glucocorticoid receptors, and shortchain fatty acids, which modulate neurotransmitters such as GABA and serotonin, and influence neuroinflammatory pathways implicated in anxiety pathophysiology.

DISCUSSION: The findings highlight the immunological, neurochemical, and endocrine mechanisms through which the gut microbiota interacts with neurophysiological systems. These mechanisms underscore the pharmacological potential of prebiotics in the management of psychiatric illnesses.

CONCLUSION: The interplay between the gastrointestinal microbiota and neurophysiological systems provides key pharmacological insights into the potential of prebiotics as a therapeutic approach for managing psychiatric illnesses, detailing their mechanistic pathways and translational applications in clinical practice.},
}

@article {pmid41820450,
year = {2026},
author = {Kim, TM and Jeong, S and Choi, B and Kim, Y and Kim, E},
title = {Seed endophytic bacteria from invasive Lactuca serriola increase soil available phosphorus under phosphorus deficiency.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {16},
number = {1},
pages = {},
pmid = {41820450},
issn = {2045-2322},
support = {RS-2024-00456189, RS-2025-00558787//the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF)/ ; },
abstract = {UNLABELLED: Invasion by alien plant species can alter soil biogeochemical processes, including phosphorus (P) cycling. Plant litter and root exudates have been proposed to influence soil chemistry either directly through the release of diverse metabolites or indirectly by modifying the rhizosphere microbiome. Notably, some seed endophytic bacteria co-dispersed with seeds possess phosphate-solubilizing activity (PSA), suggesting their potential contribution to soil P dynamics. However, this possibility has rarely been tested. In this study, we conducted in vitro PSA assays on bacterial strains isolated from seeds of the invasive Lactuca serriola. To comprehensively assess their capacity, both individual isolates and their synthetic consortia were examined. Individual isolates exhibited variable PSA, and two isolates showed synergistic PSA when combined with other isolates. Based on these results, we constructed dual-strain consortia containing either of the synergistic strains with another isolate and inoculated them onto L. serriola seeds. Plants were then grown under P-deficient conditions, and both plant and soil traits were measured. Seed inoculation with specific dual-strain consortia significantly increased soil P, and these effects exceeded those of individual strains, indicating synergistic interactions between bacterial partners. The plant root-to-shoot ratio was negatively associated with soil P. Our results imply that plants harboring specific seed endophytic bacteria can enhance soil P under P-limiting conditions. In addition, they suggest the importance of bacterial interactions when evaluating the effects of bacteria on plant and soil traits.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1038/s41598-026-40933-5.},
}

@article {pmid41826382,
year = {2026},
author = {Slevin, MC and Houtz, JL and Vitousek, MN and Anderson, RC},
title = {Challenges associate with microbiome diversity, glucocorticoids, and condition in a wild songbird.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {16},
number = {1},
pages = {},
pmid = {41826382},
issn = {2045-2322},
abstract = {UNLABELLED: Wild animals experience daily fitness challenges, and the resulting stress responses can disrupt an animal’s gut microbiome. Given the links between health and microbiome composition, it is essential to understand how challenges affect microbial communities. We showed that a fitness challenge significantly alters the cloacal microbiome of free-living Northern cardinals (Cardinalis cardinalis), and these shifts covary with changes to the glucocorticoid stress response, condition, and beak ornamentation. Treatment significantly related to beta diversity, while it only influenced alpha diversity indirectly through interactions with health-related traits. Birds held for an extended time before release showed greater cloacal microbiome community changes 11 days later vs. birds administered a simulated territorial intrusion challenge, or control birds administered no challenge. We also detected relationships between beta diversity and change in body condition and beak ornamentation. Birds showing the greatest alpha diversity decrease and largest beta diversity between timepoints experienced the greatest corticosterone response to handling. Finally, several Amplicon Sequence Variants were differentially abundant in challenged birds compared to control birds. To our knowledge, this study is the first to demonstrate proximate effects of fitness challenges on the microbiome of an adult, free-living songbird, while simultaneously tracking changes in glucocorticoid levels, body condition, and ornamentation—providing a uniquely integrative perspective on how stress shapes host-microbe interactions in the wild.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1038/s41598-026-42507-x.},
}

@article {pmid41826507,
year = {2026},
author = {Drewnowska, JM and Lewandowska, W and Zieliński, P and Jadwiszczak, P and Jaroszewicz, B and Keczyński, A and Hummel, O and Majewski, P and Święcicka, I},
title = {Bacteria-soil-plant linkages underlie the mosaic structure of the soil bacterial communities in near-natural stands of Białowieża Primeval Forest.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1038/s41598-026-40694-1},
pmid = {41826507},
issn = {2045-2322},
abstract = {Primary temperate forests serve as a natural framework for studying linkages between vegetation, soil properties and microbial communities under minimal human disturbance. Here, we characterize how soil bacterial communities and functional potential vary across five dominant forest types of the Białowieża National Park, representing a natural mosaic of vegetation and edaphic conditions. Using full-length 16S rRNA Oxford Nanopore sequencing, functional profiling via BIOLOG EcoPlates, and applying multivariate analyses, we detected clear differences in bacterial composition and carbon-substrate utilization profile among forest types. Distance-based redundancy analysis (dbRDA) identified soil pH as the primary abiotic gradient shaping bacterial communities, while RLQ, fourth-corner and multiblock sPLS analyses consistently supported bacteria-soil-vegetation linkages. Three consistent ecological clusters emerged across the forest mosaic. Coniferous forests with acidophilic bacterial assemblages linked to strongly acidic soils and ericaceous understoreys, broadleaf forests with bacterial genera associated with moderately acidic, nutrient-depleted soils and shade-tolerant vegetation, and alder forests characterized by richer, more metabolically active microbial communities occurring in less acidic soils with tall-herb understoreys. Mixed forests displayed broad internal variability, reflecting their wide range of vegetation and soil conditions. Overall, environmental filtering structures distinct bacterial communities of this primary temperate forest, providing a valuable baseline for future plant-soil-microbiome studies.},
}

@article {pmid41826906,
year = {2026},
author = {Mosavat, SH and Sahraian, A and Kalani, M and Namjoyan, F and Ghasemi, Y},
title = {Effect of probiotic supplement on improvement of depressive symptoms in patients with substance-induced depressive disorder: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial.},
journal = {BMC psychiatry},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1186/s12888-026-07903-7},
pmid = {41826906},
issn = {1471-244X},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Substance-Induced Depressive Disorder (SIDD) accounts for a high health burden and requires new therapies. Bidirectional communications between the gut and the brain mediated by the microbiota point to a possible influence of probiotics as a tool for preserving mental health.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial on a sample of 40 patients with SIDD. Patients were then randomly assigned into probiotic and placebo arms and underwent interventions for four continuous weeks. The clinical assessment was done using BDI and HAM-A. Immunologic outcomes were measured through analysis of inflammatory markers, cytokines, and other immunological parameters. The trial was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, under the identifier NCT06790823 (18/1/2025).

RESULTS: The change in the intensity of depression and anxiety in both probiotic and placebo groups was statistically significant after intervention. No differences were also noted between the two groups. Immunologic results showed a suggestive changes in IL6 and INFG levels in the probiotic group as compared with placebo, which may indicate possible immune-modulating effects.

CONCLUSION: In this randomized, double‑blind, placebo‑controlled pilot trial, both probiotic and placebo groups showed significant improvements in depressive and anxiety symptoms over time, with no significant between‑group differences. Probiotic supplementation was associated with non‑significant trends in selected inflammatory markers, suggesting possible immunological effects that warrant further investigation. Larger, multicenter trials with comprehensive microbiome and immunologic assessments are needed to clarify the potential role of probiotics as an adjunctive strategy in substance‑induced depressive disorder.},
}

@article {pmid41826961,
year = {2026},
author = {Becker, HEF and Mohren, R and Le, NG and Derijks, LJJ and Jonkers, DMAE and Penders, J},
title = {6-mercaptopurine and tofacitinib alter microbial protein expression but not composition in fecal microbiota incubations from Crohn's disease patients.},
journal = {BMC biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1186/s12915-026-02569-9},
pmid = {41826961},
issn = {1741-7007},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Crohn's disease (CD) is a chronic, relapsing-remitting gastrointestinal inflammatory condition with a multifactorial etiology. At present, drug therapy is the most important treatment option. However, a substantial number of CD patients experience side effects and/or nonresponse to medical drugs. In part, this might be attributed to the interaction of the intestinal microbiome with xenobiotics, such as medical drugs. The aim of this study was to explore the effect of the common CD drugs budesonide, 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP), as well as tofacitinib on the CD patient's microbiome in vitro.

RESULTS: We performed 16S rRNA gene-based bacterial community profiling and metaproteomic analyses on anaerobic ex vivo incubations of CD patient-derived fecal microbiota (FM) that were exposed to CD drugs or control conditions. Both bacterial community profiling and metaproteomics revealed larger differences in 24-h FM incubations between the five donor-derived FM samples than between the various drug incubations. Incubation of the FM of one of the donors with 6-MP or tofacitinib resulted in a significant alteration in the metaproteome when compared to the control condition, whereas no effect could be observed upon incubation with budesonide. Considering only bacterial proteins detected in at least 80% of either the drug or control FM incubations, 33 proteins were consistently more abundant and 93 less abundant in all five donor-derived samples with 6-MP incubation, distinguishing 6-MP from control conditions. In contrast to metaproteomic analyses, bacterial community profiling only detected a significantly lower relative abundance of Colidextribacter in 15 µg/ml tofacitinib FM incubations. No alterations were detected in overall bacterial richness, diversity, or community structure in response to incubation with any of the drugs.

CONCLUSIONS: Tofacitinib and especially 6-MP significantly affect microbial function, but barely microbial composition in vitro. These drug-induced functional changes may subsequently influence host physiology and potentially inflammation in CD. Our findings emphasize the relevance to include functional microbial studies when investigating drug-microbiota interactions. Further research is needed to elucidate the impact of 6-MP-induced microbial alterations on intestinal physiology and inflammation in CD.},
}

@article {pmid41827072,
year = {2026},
author = {Takkar, B and Maddheshiya, A and Adhikary, P and Reddy, VA and Majumder, PP and Mukherjee, S and Das, T and , },
title = {Gut microbiome changes in people with diabetic retinopathy in India. DRMS-India report # 1: operational protocol and trends from first 100 participants.},
journal = {Gut pathogens},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1186/s13099-026-00821-9},
pmid = {41827072},
issn = {1757-4749},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a common microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus (DM), and the leading cause of vision impairment and blindness. India is among the top three countries in DM prevalence, and both DM and DR are projected to rise sharply in the future. There is no accepted strategy for the prevention of DR other than DM control. Recent studies suggest that DM is associated with alterations in a core group of gut microbiota, and progression to DR may be influenced by changes within this core group, highlighting a potential link between DR and gut microbiome. We studied these changes in a protocol-driven large case-control study, the Diabetic Retinopathy Microbiome Study-India (DRMS-India: CTRI/2024/02/062511), analysed the results of the first 100 individuals, and evaluated variations in gut microbiome in DR.

METHODS: The DRMS is designed to recruit 462 people aged ≥ 30 years into three cohorts: healthy controls (HCs), DM, and DR, at 17 independent sites in India. Shotgun metagenomic sequencing of first-pass morning fecal samples is performed at a centralized laboratory and correlated with disease status, lifestyle, dietary, and systemic factors.

RESULTS: The first 100 participants included 26 HC, 33 DM, and 41 DR. The trends showed the DR group had 1, 6, and 10 unique core phyla, genera, and species, respectively. Alpha diversity was highest in the DR group; Beta diversity plots showed separate clusters of HCs and DR, with DM overlapping both. Firmicutes (highest in DR), Proteobacteria (highest in DM), Bacteroidetes, and Actinobacteria (highest in HC) were common phyla. Segatella was the most common genus, and Segatella copri was the most common species across all groups to date. Most microbial gene families were annotated to Molecular Functions (MF), and the pathways attributed to carbohydrate, amino acid, lipid, and nucleotide metabolism, indicating distinct functional adaptations in their gut microbiome.

CONCLUSION: Trends from the first 100 individuals indicate that the gut microbiome of Indians with DR exhibits discriminatory features in microbial diversity and abundance, as well as in gene families and pathways that impact host gut metabolism. Data trends from DRMS-India indicate a region-specific non-invasive biomarker that may guide preventive therapy for DR.},
}

@article {pmid41827077,
year = {2026},
author = {Linz, C and Tsenova, K and Dettmer, K and Ellmann, L and Oefner, PJ and Gronwald, W and Farowski, F and Rüb, AM and Freedberg, DE and Koehler, P and Borrega, JG and Naendrup, JH and Vehreschild, MJGT and Böll, B},
title = {Integrating intestinal microbiome and urinary metabolome data to predict secondary infection in critically ill patients.},
journal = {Critical care (London, England)},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1186/s13054-025-05818-5},
pmid = {41827077},
issn = {1466-609X},
}

@article {pmid41827204,
year = {2026},
author = {Elbehiry, A and Marzouk, E and Alhumaydhi, FA and Abalkhail, A},
title = {Diabetes Mellitus as an Integrated Microbiome, Immune, and Metabolic Disorder with Clinical Implications for Multisystem Complications and Public Health.},
journal = {Journal of clinical medicine},
volume = {15},
number = {5},
pages = {},
pmid = {41827204},
issn = {2077-0383},
abstract = {Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common health problems worldwide; however, increased blood glucose alone cannot adequately explain its pathophysiology. Although high blood glucose is a defining feature, evidence increasingly proves that diabetes arises from systemic disturbances involving the gut microbiome, immune system, and metabolic control. From this perspective, diabetes can be viewed as a systemic condition shaped by the dynamic interactions between the gut microbiome, the immune system, and metabolic pathways. Alterations in gut microbiome composition and function can influence nutrient metabolism, microbial metabolite production, bile acid signaling, and intestinal barrier integrity. Any damage of the gut barrier allows movement of microbiome-derived molecules that activate innate immune pathways and provoke chronic low-grade inflammation. This inflammatory state interferes with insulin signaling, contributes to immune maladaptation, and exacerbates metabolic dysfunction. Over time, these processes contribute to the advance of multisystem complications, including cardiovascular disease, diabetic nephropathy, neuropathy with cognitive impairment, delayed wound healing, and increased susceptibility to infection. The review also integrates environmental and public health factors, demonstrating how diet, antibiotic exposure, circadian disruption, and social conditions shape the microbiome, immune function, metabolic regulation, and disease risk across the life course. By bringing together clinical, experimental, and population-based evidence, this review illustrates the limitations of care models that concentrate only on glucose. It also points out how integrated approaches targeting the microbiome, immune system, and metabolic pathways can improve diabetes prevention, management, and guide future research.},
}

@article {pmid41827267,
year = {2026},
author = {Oksuz, S and Kinikoglu, O and Ozkerim, U and Isik, D and Surmeli, H and Ay, S and Odabas, H and Turan, N},
title = {Impact of Peri-Immunotherapy Antibiotic Exposure on Survival Outcomes in Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Real-World IMDC Risk-Stratified Analysis.},
journal = {Journal of clinical medicine},
volume = {15},
number = {5},
pages = {},
pmid = {41827267},
issn = {2077-0383},
abstract = {Background: Antibiotic exposure has been shown to negatively affect immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) efficacy in several cancers, possibly by disrupting gut microbiota. It represents a potentially modifiable clinical factor that may influence immunotherapy efficacy in RCC. However, data on renal cell carcinoma (RCC) remain limited, especially regarding prognostic risk groups. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 120 RCC patients treated with ICIs between 2018 and 2024 at Kartal Dr. Lütfi Kırdar City Hospital. Patients were classified based on systemic antibiotic exposure within ±30 days of ICI start. Survival outcomes were compared using Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses. Subgroup analyses were performed according to the International Metastatic RCC Database Consortium (IMDC) risk classification. Results: Of the 120 patients, 38 (31.7%) received antibiotics during the peri-ICI period. Median progression-free survival (PFS) was significantly shorter in the antibiotic-exposed group (5.1 vs. 9.4 months; p = 0.004), as was overall survival (OS) (14.8 vs. 22.5 months; p = 0.03). Antibiotic use remained an independent predictor of both PFS (HR = 1.87; 95% CI: 1.21-2.89) and OS (HR = 1.64; 95% CI: 1.04-2.59). In subgroup analyses, intermediate-risk patients had worse OS with antibiotics (13.5 vs. 20.6 months; p = 0.035), as did poor-risk patients (8.1 vs. 13.9 months; p = 0.049). Conclusions: Antibiotic exposure during the peri-immunotherapy period is linked to significantly poorer outcomes in RCC patients, especially those with intermediate and poor IMDC risk scores. These findings emphasize the importance of antimicrobial stewardship and suggest a potential role for microbiome-informed patient management in RCC.},
}

@article {pmid41827462,
year = {2026},
author = {Jakubowska, Z and Wantoch-Rekowski, F and Małyszko, JS and Małyszko, J},
title = {IgA Nephropathy: Epidemiology, Outcomes, and Insights for Primary Glomerulonephritides.},
journal = {Journal of clinical medicine},
volume = {15},
number = {5},
pages = {},
pmid = {41827462},
issn = {2077-0383},
abstract = {According to the Global Burden of Disease 2019 analysis, there were 606,300 new cases of chronic kidney disease due to glomerulonephritis worldwide, with 17.3 million prevalent cases and 183,700 deaths More interestingly, between 1990 and 2019, the global burden of glomerulonephritis increased by 77% in incidence and 81% in prevalence, mainly due to demographic aging and population growth. Among primary glomerulopathies, IgA Nephropathy (IgAN), also known as Berger's disease, is the most common primary glomerulopathy worldwide, with significant geographic and ethnic variation in incidence, with the highest prevalence in Europe and Asia and the lowest in Africa. Its pathogenesis reflects a complex interaction between polygenic susceptibility and environmental modifiers, mucosal immune activation, infections of the upper respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts, dietary factors, and alterations in the gut microbiome. In addition, IgAN increasingly coexists with other chronic diseases, such as hypertension and diabetes, which complicates both diagnosis and treatment in aging societies. All these observations suggest that in the coming years, the epidemiology of IgAN will gradually transform from a description of "case counts" to a predictive tool that integrates genetic, environmental, and molecular biomarker data. In this sense, epidemiology is increasingly becoming the foundation of precision nephrology-allowing not only for disease risk prediction but also for the design of effective therapeutic strategies. The conceptual shift in IgAN-from a disease defined by biopsy prevalence to one understood through integrative epidemiology-illustrates the broader transition of GN research toward biomarker-based risk stratification and precision medicine. This review focuses on IgA nephropathy as the most prevalent primary glomerulonephritis and uses it as a reference disease to illustrate broader epidemiological patterns, outcome trajectories, and methodological limitations relevant to primary glomerulonephritides.},
}

@article {pmid41827759,
year = {2026},
author = {Haque, I and Kambhampati, S and Banerjee, SK},
title = {Converging Pathways in Cancer Biology: How Do the Microbiome, Angiogenesis, Senescence, Fibroblast Plasticity, and Immunotherapy Intertwine?.},
journal = {Cancers},
volume = {18},
number = {5},
pages = {},
pmid = {41827759},
issn = {2072-6694},
abstract = {Cancer continues to be a major cause of death, with an anticipated 2,114,850 new cases and almost 626,140 deaths from the disease in 2026 [...].},
}

@article {pmid41827785,
year = {2026},
author = {Cataldi, C and Karaoğlan, BB and Liotta, E and De Dosso, S},
title = {Decoding Immunotherapy Response in Colorectal Cancer: Translational Insights Beyond MSI.},
journal = {Cancers},
volume = {18},
number = {5},
pages = {},
pmid = {41827785},
issn = {2072-6694},
abstract = {Background/Objectives: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are among the transformative and manageable systemic therapies for several cancer types, including colorectal cancer (CRC). Nevertheless, their clinical benefit is limited to mismatch-deficient or microsatellite instability-high diseases, which represent only a small percentage of cases. Despite this initial major and stringent selection, primary and acquired resistance remain clinically relevant. Therefore, the identification of additional biomarkers is essential to refine patient selection and guide rational combinational strategies. This review aims to summarize the current evidence regarding established and emerging biomarkers of response and resistance to ICIs in CRC. Methods: This narrative review identified and synthesized relevant clinical trials, translational studies, and reviews through a literature search of emerging biomarkers of immunotherapy response in colorectal cancer. Results: Deficient mismatch repair/high microsatellite instability remains the most reliable predictive biomarker of ICI response, emphasized by high tumor mutational burden, POLE/POLD mutations, and specific tumor microenvironment features. Emerging indicators, including molecular alterations, antigen presentation machinery integrity, PD-L1-mediated signaling, microbiome connections, and circulating tumor DNA kinetics, have demonstrated significant potential as sources for therapeutic response prediction and have informed the development of innovative combination strategies in both MSI-H and MSS CRCs. Conclusions: Immunotherapy response in CRC is determined by a complex interplay between tumor-intrinsic, immune, microenvironmental, and systemic factors. Integrating multiple biomarkers may provide superior stratification and guide therapeutic strategies. Prospective validation and standardized biomarker assessment will be imperative to translate these insights into clinical practice.},
}