@article {pmid40111686,
year = {2025},
author = {Colombo, APV and Lourenço, TGB and de Oliveira, AM and da Costa, ALA},
title = {Link Between Oral and Gut Microbiomes: The Oral-Gut Axis.},
journal = {Advances in experimental medicine and biology},
volume = {1472},
number = {},
pages = {71-87},
pmid = {40111686},
issn = {0065-2598},
mesh = {Humans ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome/physiology ; *Mouth/microbiology ; *Dysbiosis/microbiology ; Animals ; Gastrointestinal Tract/microbiology ; },
abstract = {In the last decades, groundbreaking research on the human microbiome has changed our reductionist conception of the etiology and pathogenesis of several chronic diseases. As a result, we have come to appreciate the significance of a balanced microbiome in maintaining human health. In this context, the upper and lower gastrointestinal tracts (GITs) comprise the most abundant and diverse microbiotas of the human body. In addition to its diversity, functional redundancy, and temporal stability, a healthy GIT microbiome is characterized by its body site specificity. In fact, current evidence has indicated that the translocation of oral species to the gut environment through the oral-gut axis is increased in an array of illnesses, including chronic inflammatory and metabolic diseases, neurological disorders, and cancer. Oral pathogens have also been shown to promote gut dysbiosis and systemic inflammation in animal models. Yet, some level of overlapping between oral and gut microbiomes may occur without disruption of these microbial communities and loss of site specificity. The uniqueness of each host-microbiome entity may hinder our ability to define a "universal" normal GIT microbiome. Despite that, this chapter summarizes the predominant health-related taxa along the human GIT, as well as their role in the physiology and immunity of the digestive system. Some mechanisms that may lead to disturbances and relevant shifts in the oral and gut microbiomes of major inflammatory chronic diseases are also pointed out. Lastly, oral-fecal microbial signatures are presented as potential biomarkers for several oral and systemic disorders. The recognition of such symbiotic/dysbiotic microbial profiles may provide insights into the development of more accurate early diagnosis and therapeutic ecological approaches to restore the balance of the GIT microbiome.},
}
@article {pmid40111685,
year = {2025},
author = {Santonocito, S and Polizzi, A and Isola, G},
title = {The Impact of Diet and Nutrition on the Oral Microbiome.},
journal = {Advances in experimental medicine and biology},
volume = {1472},
number = {},
pages = {53-69},
pmid = {40111685},
issn = {0065-2598},
mesh = {Humans ; *Mouth/microbiology ; *Microbiota/physiology ; *Diet/history ; *Oral Health/history ; Nutritional Status ; },
abstract = {At present, it is well known that oral health is essential for the well-being of the body as a whole, thanks to the increasing awareness of how various oral diseases, including periodontal disease, oral carcinomas, and other conditions, have a close connection with various systemic disorders. In recent decades, studies on the oral microbiome have increasingly emphasized how the balance between the host and the microbial species that coexist there is essential for oral health at all stages of life. However, there are many factors capable of interfering with that balance, and diet is precisely one of them. The real influence of diet on the oral microbiota, and consequently on oral health, has been much debated. In this context, the observation of two key periods in human history, the Neolithic and the Industrial Revolution, has proved to be diriment. The foods and processing techniques that emerged in these two historical periods, in association with changes in customs and habits, significantly altered the central constituents of the human diet, including macronutrient proportions, glycemic load, fatty acid composition, sodium and potassium levels, micronutrient levels, dietary pH, and fiber content taken in by human beings. The introduction of these foods into the daily human routine has been linked to a decline in oral health and an increase of several other diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, inflammatory bowel disease, rheumatic diseases, many cancers, and obesity. The aim of this chapter is to update the current knowledge and further discuss the role of diet and nutrition on oral health.},
}
@article {pmid40111684,
year = {2025},
author = {de Barros Santos, HS and Pagnussatti, MEL and Arthur, RA},
title = {Symbiosis Between the Oral Microbiome and the Human Host: Microbial Homeostasis and Stability of the Host.},
journal = {Advances in experimental medicine and biology},
volume = {1472},
number = {},
pages = {31-51},
pmid = {40111684},
issn = {0065-2598},
mesh = {Humans ; *Symbiosis ; *Mouth/microbiology ; *Microbiota/physiology ; *Homeostasis ; *Host Microbial Interactions ; Bacteria/metabolism/genetics/classification ; Metagenomics/methods ; Oral Health ; },
abstract = {The oral cavity presents a highly diverse microbial composition. All the three domains of life, Bacteria, Eukarya, and Archaea, as well as viruses constitute the oral microbiome. Bacteria are among the most abundant microorganisms in the oral cavity, followed by viruses, fungi, and Archaea. These microorganisms tend to live in harmony with each other and with the host by preventing the colonization of oral sites by exogenous microorganisms. Interactions between the host and its microbiota are crucial for keeping ecological stability in the oral cavity and a condition compatible with oral health. This chapter focuses on describing the oral microbiota in healthy individuals based on both targeted and nontargeted genome sequencing methods and the functional activity played by those microorganisms based on metagenomic, metatranscriptomic, metaproteomic, and metabolomic analyses. Additionally, this chapter explores mutualistic and antagonistic microbe-microbe relationships. These interactions are mediated by complex mechanisms like cross-feeding networks, production of bacteriocins and secondary metabolites, synthesis of pH-buffering compounds, and the use of universal signaling molecules. At last, the role played by host-microbe interactions on colonization resistance and immune tolerance will help provide a better understanding about the harmonious and peaceful coexistence among host and microbial cells under oral health-related conditions.},
}
@article {pmid40111682,
year = {2025},
author = {Dame-Teixeira, N and Do, T and Deng, D},
title = {The Oral Microbiome and Us.},
journal = {Advances in experimental medicine and biology},
volume = {1472},
number = {},
pages = {3-9},
pmid = {40111682},
issn = {0065-2598},
mesh = {Humans ; *Mouth/microbiology ; *Microbiota/physiology ; *Dysbiosis/microbiology ; Periodontitis/microbiology ; Animals ; Oral Health ; },
abstract = {Oral and systemic human health depend on the symbiotic relationship between the human host and its microbiome. As the second most diverse site of the human microbiome, the oral cavity is instrumental in symbiotic relationships, transforming nutrients and acting as the human body's initial barrier against pathogens. However, under certain conditions, the typically beneficial oral microbiome can become harmful. Systemic inflammatory diseases can send signals through the oral-gut axis, such as cytokines and host defensins, altering gene expression and, consequently, the composition of the oral microbiome. These changes can be responsible for causing oral diseases, such as periodontitis and candidiasis. Evidence of metabolic syndrome, including obesity, hypertension, hyperglycemia, and dyslipidemia, exacerbates oral microbiome dysbiosis. On the other hand, the oral microbiota can also influence systemic health. Inflammatory processes in the gingival structures caused by a dysbiotic oral microbiome are linked to worsen glycemic levels in diabetics, premature birth, and rheumatoid arthritis, among others. The idea for this book emerged from the need to explore the multifaceted nature of this relationship in its various dimensions. We discuss multispecies characteristics from an ecological perspective, focusing on how the host affects the microbiome and vice versa. Understanding how the oral microbiome influences human health will guide tailored strategies for disease prevention and treatment, which is discussed in the last section of the book. Looking ahead, predictive health and disease models will enable personalized therapies centered on restoring the healthy human microbiome.},
}
@article {pmid40110628,
year = {2025},
author = {Thies, AB and Paul, MR and Wangpraseurt, D and Tresguerres, M},
title = {Co-option of immune and digestive cellular machinery to support photosymbiosis in amoebocytes of the upside-down jellyfish Cassiopea xamachana.},
journal = {The Journal of experimental biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1242/jeb.249849},
pmid = {40110628},
issn = {1477-9145},
support = {2019271478//National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship Program/ ; //Achievement Rewards for College Scientists Foundation/ ; 2023360321//National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship Program/ ; 2316391//Division of Biological Infrastructure/ ; },
abstract = {The upside-down jellyfish, Cassiopea spp., host their algal symbionts inside a subset of amoebocytes, phagocytic cells that also play innate immune functions akin to macrophages from vertebrate animals. Amoebocyte precursors phagocytose algae from the jellyfish gut and store them inside intracellular compartments called symbiosomes. Subsequently, the precursors migrate to the mesoglea, differentiate into symbiotic amoebocytes, and roam throughout the jellyfish body where the algae remain photosynthetically active and supply the jellyfish host with a significant portion of their organic carbon needs. Here, we show that the amoebocyte symbiosome membrane contains V-H+-ATPase (VHA), the proton pump that acidifies phagosomes and lysosomes in all eukaryotes. Many symbiotic amoebocytes also abundantly express a carbonic anhydrase (CA), an enzyme that reversibly hydrates CO2 into H+ and HCO3-. Moreover, we found that the symbiosome lumen is pronouncedly acidic and that pharmacological inhibition of VHA or CA activities significantly decreases photosynthetic oxygen production in live jellyfish. These results point to a carbon concentrating mechanism (CCM) that co-opts VHA and CA from the phago-lysosomal machinery that ubiquitously mediates food digestion and innate immune responses. Analogous VHA-dependent CCMs have been previously described in reef-building corals, anemones, and giant clams; however, these other two cnidarians host their dinoflagellate algae inside gastrodermal cells -not in amoebocytes- and the clam hosts theirs within the gut lumen. Thus, our study identifies an example of convergent evolution at the cellular level that might broadly apply to invertebrate-microbe photosymbioses while also providing evolutionary links with intra- and extracellular food digestion and the immune system.},
}
@article {pmid40110165,
year = {2025},
author = {Liu, C and Zhang, J and Li, Q and Zhang, Y and Zhang, S and Yu, Z and Li, J and Li, J},
title = {Horizontal transmission of symbiotic bacteria and host selective sweep in the giant clam Tridacna crocea.},
journal = {ISME communications},
volume = {5},
number = {1},
pages = {ycaf037},
pmid = {40110165},
issn = {2730-6151},
abstract = {Giant clams, with their significant ecological importance, depend on associated bacteria for their health and development, yet the transmission modes and succession of community dynamics of these bacteria remain poorly understood. This study employed 16S rRNA gene sequencing and microscopy to investigate the transmission and community dynamics of symbiotic bacteria in the giant clam Tridacna crocea during early developmental stages (fertilized eggs, blastocyst, D-larvae, and pediveliger larvae). Fluorescence in situ hybridization and transmission electron microscopy did not detect internal symbiotic bacteria in fertilized eggs and adult gonad gametes, but scanning electron microscopy revealed microbial structures on egg surface microvilli, suggesting their role as microbial carriers. 16S rRNA sequencing confirmed microbial presence in fertilized eggs, indicating bacterial acquisition via external vertical transmission (adherence to microvilli) or horizontal transmission. Given the lack of internalized bacteria in reproductive organs, we prefer to classify the symbiotic bacteria acquisition as horizontal transmission. Microbial community analysis showed that T. crocea acquired a significant portion of its microbiome from seawater throughout its development. Before reaching the pediveliger stage, the bacterial community composition closely resembled that of the surrounding seawater, primarily featuring the family Rhodobacteraceae. As T. crocea matured, the host's selective pressure increased (e.g. deterministic assembly), which simplified the microbial community and reduced diversity. During the pediveliger stage, the genus Endozoicomonas became dominant, forming a large proportion of the bacterial community within the gonads. This highlights the ecological significance of host-microbe interactions in maintaining biodiversity and driving ecosystem stability through dynamic community assembly processes.},
}
@article {pmid40108281,
year = {2025},
author = {Dong, J and Dai, W and Xu, J and Zhang, H and Li, Y and Xie, F},
title = {Impact and elastic modulus of coal mining on terrestrial ecosystems.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {9454},
pmid = {40108281},
issn = {2045-2322},
support = {CSC202306420029//China Scholarship Council/ ; Lumeidike (2022) No.14//Key Research Projects of Shandong Bureau of Coal Geology/ ; },
abstract = {The energy consumption structure is gradually evolving into a "diversified energy structure" against the backdrop of the global implementation of energy-saving and low-carbon policies. Coal, as the main energy source in China, is difficult to change in the short term, given the characteristics of China's energy and resource endowments, as well as the actual social and economic development at the present stage. Nevertheless, coal mining inevitably leads to a range of ecological issues. Identifying the impact of coal mining on terrestrial ecosystems and adopting resilient recovery measures are crucial prerequisites for advancing green coal mining efforts and attaining carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals. Using China's open-pit coal mining as a case study: (1) the research examines the fundamental attributes and evolving patterns of spatial distribution among these mines within the country. Furthermore, it delineates the life cycle stages and distinctive features of the five principal open-pit coal mines. The life cycle of a coal mining area is divided into four distinct development phases: the initial phase, the accelerated phase, the stable phase, and the declining phase. The spatial relationship between the life cycle stages of coal mining and ecosystem succession is elucidated by examining the evolutionary types of ecosystems within coal mine area. In the accelerated and stable development phase, the adverse effects of coal mining on the ecosystem are in a long-term increasing trend, causing the key elements of the ecosystem to gradually surpass their threshold values. The ecosystem is out of balance, severely damaged, and gradually undergoing degradation or extreme degradation. The types of ecological succession in coal mining areas can be categorized as follows: terrestrial succession leading to a new terrestrial ecosystem, terrestrial to aquatic ecosystem transitions, or the development of an amphibious symbiotic ecosystem. (2) The research quantitatively assessed the impact of surface coal mining on terrestrial ecosystems by utilizing remote sensing data in conjunction with coal production information. In 2022, the affected areas of the five major open-pit coal mines due to coal mining activities amounted to approximately 0.02% of China's total land area. Meanwhile, the nationwide affected areas of all open-pit coal mines combined reached to approximately 0.13% of China's land area. Open-pit coal mining activities have a significant impact on the surface. (3) By incorporating the ecological resilience theory, we establish a model for the ecosystem's elastic modulus in coal mining areas, taking into account landscape diversity, vegetation coverage, land type, and climate factors, which are based on the concepts of elastic strength and elastic limit. A conceptual model for recognizing ecological thresholds in coal mining areas is developed by incorporating the comprehensive integrity index of the ecosystem. The comprehensive integrity of the ecosystem within a coal mining area undergoes significant alterations as it crosses three distinct ecological thresholds: the elastic point, the yield point, and the mutational point. There should be a corresponding constant (or constant interval) at the three ecological thresholds of ecosystem resilience, the elastic point, the yield point, and the mutational point, which is closely related to the scale of mining operations, mining technology, and the service life in coal mining areas. The established models for identifying ecological thresholds and the resilience modulus degree serve as both theoretical references and practical bases for managing the progress and trends of ecosystem changes during coal resource extraction, making ecological restoration in coal mine areas more target-oriented and specific.},
}
@article {pmid40107962,
year = {2025},
author = {Dourmap, C and Fustec, J and Naudin, C and Carton, N and Tcherkez, G},
title = {White lupin: improving legume-based protein production via intercropping.},
journal = {Journal of experimental botany},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/jxb/eraf127},
pmid = {40107962},
issn = {1460-2431},
abstract = {Climate change, increased needs for food, industry and mitigation of environmental impacts are currently driving changes in agricultural practices. Moreover, increasing demand for plant-based protein in substitution to animal protein or to reduce soybean importations is driving cultivation of high-protein crops. Legumes are such crops that play a critical role in this process. Amongst them, white lupin is a so-called orphan species, i.e. associated with relatively little cultivated surface area worldwide and limited agronomic knowledge. Lupin is nevertheless very promising since seeds contain a high content of storage proteins with interesting nutritional properties. Also, it has low fertilisation requirements since it forms root clusters allowing efficient phosphorus (P) acquisition, along with symbiotic nitrogen (N) fixation by nodules. Nevertheless, lupin cultivation faces important challenges such as yield variability, slow vegetative development or susceptibility to weeds diseases and water stress, for example. Lupin has an enormous potential for resource-saving practices such as intercropping with non-legumes, because of niche complementarity for N acquisition and facilitation of P transfer to the associated species, which can in turn mitigate weeds and pests, and ensure yield stability. To overcome several bottlenecks associated with lupin cultivation (e.g. nutrient utilisation, drought resistance or limiting the impact of weeds), genetic, metabolic, and agronomic research is required in order to define ideotypes that are particularly well-fitted to sustainable agricultural practices such as intercropping, with optimal protein yield. This is one of the purposes of the trans-disciplinary research programme PULSAR, funded by France 2030, which aims to unlock several bottlenecks in lupin utilisation in agronomy.},
}
@article {pmid40107953,
year = {2025},
author = {Gould, AL and Osland, HK},
title = {Strain-level variation in microbial symbiosis: lessons from the Siphamia-Photobacterium mandapamensis system.},
journal = {Trends in microbiology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.tim.2025.02.010},
pmid = {40107953},
issn = {1878-4380},
abstract = {The Siphamia-Photobacterium mandapamensis symbiosis is a binary, gut-associated mutualism that serves as a powerful model for studying strain-level variation in host-microbe interactions. Its combination of high species-level specificity and significant strain diversity makes it ideal for exploring host selectivity, microbial diversity, and the broader mechanisms driving strain-level dynamics in microbial symbioses.},
}
@article {pmid40107097,
year = {2025},
author = {Chen, J and Zhang, Z and Shen, N and Yu, H and Yu, G and Qi, J and Liu, R and Hu, C and Qu, J},
title = {Bipartite trophic levels cannot resist the interference of microplastics: A case study of submerged macrophytes and snail.},
journal = {Journal of hazardous materials},
volume = {491},
number = {},
pages = {137898},
doi = {10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.137898},
pmid = {40107097},
issn = {1873-3336},
abstract = {Some studies frequently focus on the toxic effects of compound pollution formed by microplastics and other pollutants on individual organisms, but it is still unclear how multi-trophic level organisms in compound communities resist the stress of microplastics. Thus, this research used a dose-response experiment (0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1 mg L[-1]) to illustrate the influences that microplastics might have on two symbiotic freshwater organisms Vallisneria natans and Sinotaia quadrata. The results showed the reduction of V. natans biomass in 0.5 and 1 mg L[-1] groups (28-38 %), and disturbances on the photosynthetic system, reduced the chlorophyll content (15-85 %) and maximum quantum yields (10-31 %). In the case of S. quadrata, which subsisted by scraping leaf biofilms, there was a disruption in the functioning of the antioxidant system. Concurrently, the activities of digestive and neurotransmitter enzymes were affected, potentially leading to detrimental impacts on the organism's essential physiological processes. The introduction of microplastics significantly enhanced the relative abundance of specific microbial taxa, such as Proteobacteria within the biofilm of V. natans leaves and chloroflexi in the rhizosphere, thereby altering the microbial community assembly process. This means the potential ecological functions with microbes as the carrier was influenced. These results indicated that microplastic in aquatic environments can impact the metabolism, autotrophic, and heterotrophic behavior of double-end trophic organisms through symbiotic activities. Therefore, our study reveals how polystyrene microplastics affect the growth of submerged aquatic plants and snails, and from the perspective of community integrity and health, the introduction of these pollutants into freshwater environments may cause disruptive effects.},
}
@article {pmid40106994,
year = {2025},
author = {Lakshmikandan, M and Li, M},
title = {Advancements and hurdles in symbiotic microalgal co-cultivation strategies for wastewater treatment.},
journal = {Journal of environmental management},
volume = {380},
number = {},
pages = {125018},
doi = {10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.125018},
pmid = {40106994},
issn = {1095-8630},
abstract = {Microalgae offer significant potential in various industrial applications, such as biofuel production and wastewater treatment, but the economic barriers to their cultivation and harvesting have been a major obstacle. However, a promising strategy involving co-cultivating microalgae in wastewater treatment could overcome the limitations of monocultivation and open the possibility for increased integration of microalgae into various industrial processes. This symbiotic relationship between microalgae and other microbes can enhance nutrient removal efficiency, increase value-added bioproduct production, promote carbon capture, and decrease energy consumption. However, unresolved challenges, such as the competition between microalgae and other microbes within the wastewater treatment system, may result in imbalances and reduced efficiency. The complexity of managing multiple microbes in a co-cultivation system poses difficulties in achieving stability and consistency in bioproduct production. In response to these challenges, strategies such as optimizing nutrient ratios, manipulating environmental conditions, understanding the dynamics of microbial relationships, and employing genetic modification to enhance the metabolic capabilities of microalgae and improve their competitiveness are critical in transitioning to a more sustainable path. Hence, this review will provide an in-depth analysis of recent advancements in symbiotic microalgal co-cultivation for applications in wastewater treatment and CO2 utilization, as well as discuss approaches for improving microalgal strains through genetic modification. Furthermore, the review will explore the use of efficient bioreactors, advanced control systems, and advancements in biorefinery processes.},
}
@article {pmid40106558,
year = {2025},
author = {Maurya, AK and Kröninger, L and Ehret, G and Bäumers, M and Marson, M and Scheu, S and Nowack, ECM},
title = {A nucleus-encoded dynamin-like protein controls endosymbiont division in the trypanosomatid Angomonas deanei.},
journal = {Science advances},
volume = {11},
number = {12},
pages = {eadp8518},
doi = {10.1126/sciadv.adp8518},
pmid = {40106558},
issn = {2375-2548},
mesh = {*Symbiosis ; *Dynamins/metabolism/genetics ; *Trypanosomatina/genetics/metabolism/microbiology ; Protozoan Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; Cell Division ; Bacterial Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Cell Cycle/genetics ; },
abstract = {Angomonas deanei is a trypanosomatid of the Strigomonadinae. All members of this subfamily contain a single β-proteobacterial endosymbiont. Intriguingly, cell cycles of host and endosymbiont are synchronized. The molecular mechanisms underlying this notable level of integration are unknown. Previously, we identified a nucleus-encoded dynamin-like protein, called ETP9, that localizes at the endosymbiont division site of A. deanei. Here, we found by comparative genomics that endosymbionts throughout the Strigomonadinae lost the capacity to autonomously form a division septum. We describe the cell cycle-dependent subcellular localization of ETP9 that follows accumulation of the bacterium-encoded division protein FtsZ at the endosymbiont division site. Furthermore, we found that ETP9 is essential in symbiotic but dispensable in aposymbiotic A. deanei that lost the endosymbiont. In the symbiotic strain, ETP9 knockdowns resulted in filamentous, division-impaired endosymbionts. Our work unveiled that in A. deanei an endosymbiont division machinery of dual genetic origin evolved in which a neo-functionalized host protein compensates for losses of endosymbiont division genes.},
}
@article {pmid40105505,
year = {2025},
author = {Yang, J and Gao, F and Pan, H},
title = {Essential roles of nodule cysteine-rich peptides in maintaining the viability of terminally differentiated bacteroids in legume-rhizobia symbiosis.},
journal = {Journal of integrative plant biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/jipb.13891},
pmid = {40105505},
issn = {1744-7909},
support = {2024JJ2014//Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province/ ; 2024JJ6132//Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province/ ; 32070271//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 32161133006//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 32200201//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 32441035//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 32470255//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; },
abstract = {Investigations into the nitrogen-fixing symbiosis between legumes and rhizobia can yield innovative strategies for sustainable agriculture. Legume species of the Inverted Repeat-Lacking Clade (IRLC) and the Dalbergioids, can utilize nodule cysteine-rich (NCR) peptides, a diverse family of peptides characterized by four or six highly conserved cysteine residues, to communicate with their microbial symbionts. These peptides, many of which exhibit antimicrobial properties, induce profound differentiation of bacteroids (semi-autonomous forms of bacteria) within nodule cells. This terminal differentiation endows the bacteroids with the ability to fix nitrogen, at the expense of their reproductive capacity. Notably, a significant number of NCR peptides is expressed in the nodule fixation zone, where the bacteroids have already reached terminal differentiation. Recent discoveries, through forward genetics approaches, have revealed that the functions of NCR peptides extend beyond antimicrobial effects and the promotion of differentiation. They also play a critical role in sustaining the viability of terminally differentiated bacteroids within nodule cells. These findings underscore the multifaceted functions of NCR peptides and highlight the importance of these peptides in mediating communications between host cells and the terminally differentiated bacteroids.},
}
@article {pmid40103281,
year = {2025},
author = {Osmanović, D and Rabin, Y and Soen, Y},
title = {A Model of Epigenetic Inheritance Accounts for Unexpected Adaptation to Unforeseen Challenges.},
journal = {Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e2414297},
doi = {10.1002/advs.202414297},
pmid = {40103281},
issn = {2198-3844},
support = {40663//John Templeton Foundation/ ; 61122//John Templeton Foundation/ ; },
abstract = {Accumulated evidence of transgenerational inheritance of epigenetic and symbiotic changes raises fundamental questions about the possible types, significance and duration of impacts on the population, as well as whether, and under which conditions, the inheritance of non-genetic changes confers long-term advantage to the population. To address these questions, a population epigenetics model of individuals undergoing stochastic changes and/or induced responses that are transmitted to the offspringis introduced. Potentially adaptive and maladaptive responses are represented, respectively, by environmentally driven changes that reduce and increase the selective pressure. Analytic solutions in a simplified case of populations that are exposed to either periodic or progressively deteriorating environments shows that acquisition and transmission of non-genetic changes that alleviate the selective pressure confer long-term advantage and may facilitate escape from extinction. Systematic analysis of outcomes as a function of population properties further identifies a non-traditional regime of adaptation mediated by stochastic changes that are rapidly acquired within a lifetime. Contrasting model predictions with experimental findings shows that inheritance of dynamically acquired changes enables rapid adaptation to unforeseen challenges and can account for population dynamics that is either unexpected or beyond the scope of traditional models.},
}
@article {pmid40102781,
year = {2025},
author = {Yang, H and Gan, Y and Jiang, S and Zhu, X and Xia, Y and Gong, D and Xie, X and Gong, Y and Zhang, Y and Lei, Q and Wang, M and Li, J},
title = {Genomic alterations in Bacteroides fragilis favor adaptation in colorectal cancer microenvironment.},
journal = {BMC genomics},
volume = {26},
number = {1},
pages = {269},
pmid = {40102781},
issn = {1471-2164},
support = {Guizhou Education Technology [2024] No. 335//Natural Science Research Project of Guizhou Education Department in 2024/ ; (Zunyi City, Kehe HZ character (2024) No. 303)//Zunyi city Science and Technology Program project/ ; Guizhou Science and Technology Platform Talents [2021]1350-038//Zunyi Medical University 2021 Special Project for Academic New Seedling Cultivation and Innovative Exploration/ ; No. gzwjkj2019-1-123//Science and Technology Fund Project of Guizhou Health Care Commission/ ; No. [2011]57//Governor's Special Fund for Outstanding Scientific and Technological Education Talents in Guizhou Province/ ; QJJ [2023] 019//Scientific Research Program of Guizhou Provincial Department of Education/ ; },
mesh = {*Bacteroides fragilis/genetics/pathogenicity/isolation & purification ; Humans ; *Colorectal Neoplasms/microbiology/genetics/pathology ; *Tumor Microenvironment ; Genome, Bacterial ; Adaptation, Physiological/genetics ; Phylogeny ; Genomics ; Whole Genome Sequencing ; Virulence/genetics ; Enterotoxins/genetics/metabolism ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The occurrence and development of colorectal cancer (CRC) is an incredibly long process that involves continuous changes in the tumor microenvironment. These constant changes may ultimately result in genetic alterations and changes in the metabolic processes of some symbiotic bacteria as a way to adapt to the changing environment. Patients with CRC exhibit an altered abundance of Bacteroides fragilis (B. fragilis) as indicated by several studies. To better understand the genomic characteristics and virulence spectrum of B. fragilis strains in tumor tissues, B. fragilis strains were isolated from tumor and paracancerous tissues of CRC patients.<br><br>METHODS: The isolates were identified using 16&#xa0;S rRNA sequencing, morphological analysis, physiological and biochemical characterization and PCR, and they were then subjected to whole genome sequencing (WGS) analysis.<br><br>RESULTS: A strain of B. fragilis enterotoxin (BFT) bft1-producing ZY0302 and a non-enterotoxin-producing B. fragilis ZY0804 were isolated from cancerous and paraneoplastic tissues, respectively. Analysis based on the core and nonessential genes showed that the genomic profiles of the isolates, ZY0302 and ZY0804, differed from those of B. fragilis from other tissue sources. This core and the co-evolution of non-essential genes may be the result of their adaptation to fluctuations in the tumor microenvironment and enhancing their survival. In addition, the ZY0302 and ZY0804 genomes underwent extensive horizontal gene transfer and varying degrees of genomic rearrangements, inversions, insertions, and deletion events, which may favor the enhancement of bacteria's ability to adapt to environmental changes. For instance, the virulence factors, such as the capsular biosynthesis gene clusters and components of the type IV secretion system, acquired through horizontal gene transfer, may facilitated B. fragilis in evading immune responses and managing oxidative stress. Moreover, our analysis revealed that multiple virulence factors identified in the isolates were mainly involved in bacterial adhesion and colonization, oxidative stress, iron acquisition, and immune evasion. This observation is worth noting given that enzymes such as neuraminidase, lipase, hemolysin, protease, and phosphatase, along with genes responsible for LPS biosynthesis, which are recognized for their association with the virulence of B. fragilis, were prevalent among the isolates.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: In summary, it is our assertion that the alterations observed in both core and nonessential genes of B. fragilis, which have been isolated from tissues of colorectal cancer patients, along with significant instances of horizontal gene transfer to the genome, are likely intended to enhance adaptation to the evolving conditions of the tumor microenvironment. This study may provide new insights into the interaction between B. fragilis and the CRC microenvironment.},
}
@article {pmid40101943,
year = {2025},
author = {Lai, TV and Ryder, MH and Rathjen, JR and Riley, IT and Denton, MD},
title = {Seed-applied micronutrient toxicity to rhizobia and impaired legume nodulation.},
journal = {Journal of applied microbiology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/jambio/lxaf067},
pmid = {40101943},
issn = {1365-2672},
abstract = {AIMS: Micronutrients are sometimes mixed with rhizobial inoculants in liquid solutions to promote the growth and development of legume crops. The compatibility of rhizobia with micronutrients is poorly documented. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of some frequently used micronutrients on rhizobial inoculant survival, nodulation, nutrition of chickpea and field pea.<br><br>METHODS AND RESULTS: Four Australian commercial rhizobia (CC1192, SARDI969, WSM1455 and WU425) were assessed in vitro for their compatibility with plant micronutrients as used in a liquid mixture (4% MnSO4, 2% ZnSO4, 0.2% CuSO4 and 0.04% Na2MoO4). The impact of this mixture on nodulation and plant nutrition was tested on chickpea and field pea under glasshouse conditions. The micronutrient mixture was toxic to all tested rhizobia. While MnSO4 and Na2MoO4 were not inhibitory to rhizobia, individual CuSO4 (>20&#xa0;&#xb5;mol L-1 or 0.0005%) and ZnSO4 (>250&#xa0;&#xb5;mol L-1 or 0.007%) were lethal to rhizobia. Rhizobial survival was relatively low in a combination of 20&#xa0;&#xb5;mol L-1 CuSO4 and 250&#xa0;&#xb5;mol L-1 ZnSO4 due to their interactive effect. When rhizobial peat inoculants were suspended in the micronutrient mix, only 35% of rhizobia were recovered at sowing time (1&#xa0;h after preparation), resulting in poor nodulation of both legumes. Separation of rhizobia (inoculants on seeds) from the micronutrient mixture (applied in-furrow) reduced the risk of inadequate nodulation, while meeting plant nutritional requirements and symbiosis.},
}
@article {pmid40101773,
year = {2025},
author = {Ashey, J and Putnam, HM and McManus, MC},
title = {Guided by the northern star coral: a research synthesis and roadmap for Astrangia poculata.},
journal = {Biology letters},
volume = {21},
number = {3},
pages = {20240469},
doi = {10.1098/rsbl.2024.0469},
pmid = {40101773},
issn = {1744-957X},
support = {//National Science Foundation/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Symbiosis ; *Anthozoa/physiology ; Climate Change ; Ecosystem ; Microbiota ; Genomics ; Transcriptome ; },
abstract = {The northern star coral, Astrangia poculata, is a temperate, facultatively symbiotic, scleractinian coral spanning the coastal western Atlantic. This calcifying species is mixotrophic with a broad geographical range, and therefore has high utility in addressing questions related to community ecology, symbiosis, population genetics, biomineralization and resilience to environmental perturbations. Here, we review the current A. poculata peer-reviewed literature, which is primarily found in six focal areas: geographic range, habitat and ecology, symbiosis, life history, microbiome and genomics and transcriptomics. A cross-cutting theme of these studies emerges as the value of an experimental system that is facultatively symbiotic. Yet, the historic overgeneralization of symbiotic versus 'aposymbiotic' A. poculata has constrained the interpretation of the basic biology and generalizability of conclusions. Emergent from our review, and timely with respect to climate change, is the value that A. poculata brings as an experimental system with the potential to test questions on range adaptability and environmental resilience. We identify future avenues of research for A. poculata studies that include integration of population genetics with organismal-molecular-cellular biology across the geographical range, while leveraging the power of the facultative symbiosis context.},
}
@article {pmid40100432,
year = {2025},
author = {Brieuc, H and Eléonore, B and Bruno, H and Stéphane, D and Maryline, CS},
title = {Fungicide seed treatments delay arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi colonization of winter wheat in the greenhouse, but the effect is attenuated in the field.},
journal = {Mycorrhiza},
volume = {35},
number = {2},
pages = {22},
pmid = {40100432},
issn = {1432-1890},
support = {D31-1388-S1 and D65-1414//General Directorate for Agriculture, Natural Resources and Environment (DGO3) - Public Service of Wallonia/ ; Plan de d&#xe9;veloppement de la production biologique en Wallonie &#xe0; l'horizon 2030//La Wallonie/ ; },
mesh = {*Triticum/microbiology/growth &amp; development ; *Mycorrhizae/physiology/drug effects ; *Fungicides, Industrial/pharmacology ; *Seeds/microbiology/growth &amp; development/drug effects ; Plant Roots/microbiology ; Soil Microbiology ; Fungi ; },
abstract = {Seed-applied fungicides support agricultural production by controlling seed- or soil-borne diseases. However, they can impact non-target soil organisms. In this study, we investigated the effect of eight seed treatments (including two authorized for organic farming) on root colonization of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) by arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. One experiment was conducted in greenhouse conditions, on a sterile substrate inoculated with the AM fungus Rhizophagus irregularis MUCL 41833 and one in field conditions, where winter wheat was colonized by native soil AM fungi. In greenhouse conditions, the six conventional seed treatments reduced root colonization five weeks after sowing. No difference with the control treatment was measured thereafter for a product containing triazole alone. In contrast, seed treatments containing fludioxonil (fungicide molecule alone or formulated with the triazole difenoconazole), and prochloraz formulated with the triazole triticonazole significantly reduced root colonization until 11 weeks after sowing. Notably, when formulated with sedaxane, the adverse effect of fludioxonil was reduced. The negative effect of seed treatments on AM fungal root colonization in field was smaller than in the greenhouse and generally not significant, with disparate results from one timestep to another. This may be related to the dilution or the degradation of the active ingredients in the soil during the winter period or AM fungal species/strain involved in symbiosis. Overall, our results outline that the direct effect of seed treatment is highly variable depending on the modes of action, half-lives and interactions between active ingredients. By contributing to highlight the undesired effects of pesticides on AM fungi (i.e., by delaying root colonization), this study pleads for a reduction of pesticide applications to encourage the rapid and efficient establishment of functional mycorrhizal symbioses.},
}
@article {pmid40098940,
year = {2025},
author = {Lee, W and Kim, JS and Jo, S and Seo, CW and Lim, YW},
title = {Taxonomic Study of Sixteen Unrecorded and Five New Species of Hypocreales from the Korean Marine Environment.},
journal = {Mycobiology},
volume = {53},
number = {2},
pages = {144-167},
pmid = {40098940},
issn = {1229-8093},
abstract = {The order Hypocreales, which belongs to the Ascomycota class Sordariomycetes, has a large number of species and occupies a variety of ecological niches, including saprophytic, symbiotic, and parasitic fungi. While much research has focused on terrestrial Hypocrealean fungi, there remains a significant gap in our understanding of their diversity and ecological roles in marine environments. In this study, we isolated 47 fungal strains from various marine habitats in South Korea. Through the polyphasic study, including phylogenetic analysis using multi-genetic markers (ITS, LSU, TEF1, RPB2, TUB, and ACT) and morphological analysis, we identified 21 species previously undiscovered in Korea, including 5 new and 16 unrecorded species. Our findings illustrate the species diversity of marine Hypocreales, highlighting the need for additional research into their ecological functions and potential in biotechnology and medicine.},
}
@article {pmid40098416,
year = {2025},
author = {Tanfouri, N and Guerfali, MM and Asimakis, E and Mokhtar, NB and Apostolopoulou, G and Hamden, H and Charaabi, K and Fadhl, S and Stathopoulou, P and Cherif, A and Tsiamis, G},
title = {Characterization of the microbial communities in Tunisian wild populations of the Mediterranean fruit fly (Ceratitis capitata) and their implications for the future implementation of the sterile insect technique.},
journal = {Insect science},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/1744-7917.70016},
pmid = {40098416},
issn = {1744-7917},
support = {22662//International Atomic Energy Agency/ ; },
abstract = {Insects and their associated microbiota have developed a sustained and mutually beneficial relationship, characterized by the influence of the symbiotic microorganisms on the host's physiological processes and fitness parameters. The Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae), is one of the world's most ubiquitous, invasive, and harmful agricultural pests. In Tunisia, the medfly is widely distributed across all bioclimatic zones. However, in the absence of surveillance, infestations can escalate drastically, causing damage levels as high as 100%. Our study aimed to characterize the microbiome profile of Tunisian medfly populations from Zaghouan, Tozeur, Siliana, and Bizerte to understand the microbial dynamics implicated in the invasiveness and adaptability potential if SIT is applied. We conducted amplicon sequencing using MiSeq Illumina and a culture-dependent approach. Our findings revealed notable differences in symbiotic communities across regions. For instance, Serratia was prevalent in Tozeur populations, while Klebsiella showed high abundance in Bizerte. The composition of the bacterial communities within the medfly populations was influenced by several factors including the environmental conditions, geographical location, developmental stage, and the sex of the insects. Investigating the intricate relationship between insects and their microbiota is pivotal for understanding their biology and developing effective pest management strategies. Additionally, the isolation of bacteria from adult and larval medflies collected in the Bizerte region revealed the presence of bacterial species that could be utilized as attractants or supplements in larval artificial diets in the case of application of the SIT aiming at producing competitive sterile males.},
}
@article {pmid40097205,
year = {2025},
author = {Su, B and Li, H and Zhang, K and Li, H and Fan, C and Zhong, M and Zou, H and Li, R and Chen, L and Jin, JB and Huang, M and Liu, B and Kong, F and Sun, Z},
title = {Evening complex component ELF3 interacts with LUX proteins to repress soybean root nodulation.},
journal = {Plant biotechnology journal},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/pbi.70053},
pmid = {40097205},
issn = {1467-7652},
support = {2024ZD04079//Biological Breeding-National Science and Technology Major Project/ ; 32301822//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 2022B1515120045//Key Projects of Joint Foundation of Guangdong Provincial/ ; },
abstract = {Formation of root nodules is a unique hallmark of the symbiotic interaction between legume host plants and rhizobia and is governed by a complex regulatory framework that balances the appropriate orchestration of rhizobial infection and subsequent nodule organogenesis. In contrast to prominent model species such as Medicago truncatula and Lotus japonicus, research on symbiotic signal transduction in the staple-crop soybean Glycine max remains relatively insufficient. Here, we identified a soybean mutant with ~25% additional root nodules over wild-type, designated as increased number of nodules 1 (inn1). Through map-based cloning, INN1 encodes the EARLY FLOWERING 3a (ELF3a) protein component of the soybean Evening Complex, together with LUX1 and LUX2. INN1 is co-expressed with LUX1 and LUX2 in roots, and knockout of INN1 or knockdown of LUX1 and LUX2 enhances root nodulation. The function of INN1 in negatively regulating nodulation is genetically and biochemically dependent upon LUXs, as the INN1-LUX complex binds to the promoter of the downstream pro-nodulation target ENOD40, repressing its expression. ELF3a/INN1's repression of root-nodule formation extends beyond its established roles in diverse above-ground developmental and physiological processes and offers a theoretical basis for enhancing the biological-nitrogen fixation capacity of soybean.},
}
@article {pmid40096662,
year = {2025},
author = {Fei, DL and Wu, ZW and Zhang, K},
title = {Benefit Game 2.0: Alien Seaweed Swarms-Exploring the Interplay of Human Activity and Environmental Sustainability.},
journal = {Artificial life},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-17},
doi = {10.1162/artl_a_00468},
pmid = {40096662},
issn = {1530-9185},
abstract = {This article presents Benefit Game 2.0, a multiscreen Artificial Life gameplay installation. Saccharina latissima, a seaweed species economically beneficial to humans but threatened by overexploitation, motivates the creation of this artwork. Technically, the authors create an underwater virtual ecosystem consisting of a seaweed swarm and symbiotic fungi, created using procedural content generation via machine learning and rule-based methods. Moreover, the work features a unique cybernetic loop structure, incorporating audience observation and game token interactions. This virtual system is also symbolically influenced in real time by indoor carbon dioxide measurements, serving as an artistic metaphor for the broader impacts of climate change. This integration with the physical game machine underscores the fragile relationship between human activities and the environment under severe global climate change and immerses the audience in the challenging balance between sustainability and profit seeking in this context.},
}
@article {pmid40095689,
year = {2025},
author = {Xie, X and Fan, X},
title = {Fungal small RNA hijacking: a new layer of cross-kingdom communications in arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis.},
journal = {The New phytologist},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/nph.70085},
pmid = {40095689},
issn = {1469-8137},
}
@article {pmid40095637,
year = {2025},
author = {Ranner, JL and Stabl, G and Piller, A and Paries, M and Sharma, S and Zeng, T and Spaccasassi, A and Stark, TD and Gutjahr, C and Dawid, C},
title = {Untargeted metabolomics reveals novel metabolites in Lotus japonicus roots during arbuscular mycorrhiza symbiosis.},
journal = {The New phytologist},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/nph.70051},
pmid = {40095637},
issn = {1469-8137},
support = {170483403//Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft/ ; 401867691//Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft/ ; 759731//H2020 European Research Council/ ; },
abstract = {Arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) improves mineral nutrient supply, stress tolerance, and growth of host plants through re-programing of plant physiology. We investigated the effect of AM on the root secondary metabolome of the model legume Lotus japonicus using untargeted metabolomics. Acetonitrile extracts of AM and control roots were analysed using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-ion mobility-time-of-flight-mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-IM-ToF-MS). We characterized AM-regulated metabolites using co-chromatography with authentic standards or isolation and structure identification from L. japonicus roots using preparative high-performance liquid chromatography and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Arbuscular mycorrhiza triggered major changes in the root metabolome, with most features representing unknown compounds. We identified three novel polyphenols: 5,7-dihydroxy-4'-methoxycoumaronochromone (lotuschromone), 4-hydroxy-2-(2'-hydroxy-4'-methoxyphenyl)-6-methoxybenzofuran-3-carbaldehyde (lotusaldehyde), and 7-hydroxy-3,9-dimethoxypterocarp-6a-ene (lotuscarpene). Further AM-enhanced secondary metabolites included the previously known lupinalbin A and B, ayamenin D, biochanin A, vestitol, acacetin, coumestrol, and betulinic acid. Lupinalbin A, biochanin A, ayamenin D, liquiritigenin, isoliquiritigenin, lotuscarpene, medicarpin, daidzein, genistein, and 2'-hydroxygenistein inhibited Rhizophagus irregularis spore germination upon direct application. Our results show that AM enhances the production of polyphenols in L. japonicus roots and highlights a treasure trove of numerous unknown plant secondary metabolites awaiting structural identification and functional characterization.},
}
@article {pmid40095139,
year = {2025},
author = {Soliman, ERS and Abdelhameed, RE and Metwally, RA},
title = {Role of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in drought-resilient soybeans (Glycine max L.): unraveling the morphological, physio-biochemical traits, and expression of polyamine biosynthesis genes.},
journal = {Botanical studies},
volume = {66},
number = {1},
pages = {9},
pmid = {40095139},
issn = {1817-406X},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Drought stress is a catastrophic abiotic stressor that impedes the worldwide output of commodities and the development of plants. The Utilizing biological antioxidant stimulators, Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are one example increased the plants' ability to withstand the effects of drought. The symbiotic response of soybean (Glycine max L.) to AMF inoculation was assessed in the experiment presented herewith at different watering regimes (field capacity of 25, 50, and 90%). The vegetative, physio-biochemical traits, and regulation of genes involved in polyamine synthesis in G. max plants were evaluated.<br><br>RESULTS: The results obtained suggested that AMF inoculation has an advantage over plants that were non-inoculated in terms of their growth and all assessed criteria, which responded to drought stress by showing slower development. It is evident that the gas exchange parameters of the soybean plant were substantially reduced by 36.79 (photosynthetic rate; A), 60.59 (transpiration rate; E), and 53.50% (stomatal conductance gs), respectively, under severe stress of drought in comparison to control; non-stressed treatment. However, the AMF inoculation resulted in a 40.87, 29.89, and 33.65% increase in A, E, and gs levels, respectively, in extremely drought-stressful circumstances, when in contrast to non-AMF one that was grown under well-watered conditions. The drought level was inversely proportional to mycorrhizal colonization. The total antioxidant capacity, protein, and proline contents were all enhanced by AMF inoculation, while the malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide contents were decreased. Polyamine biosynthesis genes expression; Ornithine decarboxylase (ODC2), Spermidine synthase (SPDS) and Spermine synthase (SpS) were upregulated in drought and to even higher level in AMF's mild drought inoculated plants' shoots. This implies that AMF plays apart in the enhanced survival of soybean plants stressed by drought and reduced plant membranes damage by limiting the excessive production of oxidative stress generators; ROS.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: In summary, the present investigation demonstrates that inoculation of AMF may be a supportable and environmentally advantageous method for improving the physio-biochemical traits, plant growth, and polyamine biosynthesis genes of soybean plants in the incident of limited water availability.},
}
@article {pmid40094814,
year = {2025},
author = {Adu Oparah, I and Deaker, R and Hartley, JC and Gemell, G and Hartley, E and Sohail, MN and Kaiser, BN},
title = {Symbiotic Effectiveness, Rhizosphere Competence and Nodule Occupancy of Chickpea Root Nodule Bacteria from Soils in Kununurra Western Australia and Narrabri New South Wales Australia.},
journal = {Plants (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {14},
number = {5},
pages = {},
pmid = {40094814},
issn = {2223-7747},
abstract = {Root nodule bacterial isolates from field-grown chickpea were evaluated in glasshouse and field experiments based on infectivity, relative symbiotic effectiveness, nodule occupancy, plant yield and survivability in the soil rhizosphere for their use as inoculants to enhance chickpea production in Western Australia. Compared to the Australian commercial chickpea inoculant strain Mesorhizobium ciceri sv. ciceri CC1192, 10 new strains were 'fast' growers, averaging 72 h to grow in culture at 28 °C. The relative symbiotic effectiveness (RSE%) of the new strains in field experiments determined by shoot weight ranged from 77 to 111% in the Desi genotype (var. Kyabra) and 83 to 102% in Kabuli (var. Kimberley Large). Kyabra yielded greater output (2.4-3 t/ha) than Kimberley Large (1.2-1.8 t/ha), with mean 100 seed weights of 23 and 59 g, respectively. The rhizobial strains living in the rhizosphere presented a higher competitive ability for nodule occupancy than those in the bulk soil. Tukey's multiple comparisons test showed no significant differences between the nodule occupancy ability of the introduced strains (i.e., 3/4, 6/7, N5, N300, K66, K188 and CC1192) in either Kyabra or Kimberley Large (p = 0.7321), but the strain competitiveness with each cultivar differed (p < 0.0001) for some of the test strains. Strains N5, N300, K72 and 6/7 were the top contenders that matched or beat CC1192 in nitrogen fixation traits. These findings show that new rhizobial strains derived from naturalized soil populations exhibited better adaptability to local soil conditions than CC1192.},
}
@article {pmid40093759,
year = {2025},
author = {Yang, N and Shan, X and Wang, K and Lu, J and Zhu, Y and Regina, RS and Rodriguez, RJ and Yao, J and Martin, FM and Yuan, Z},
title = {A fusarioid fungus forms mutualistic interactions with poplar trees that resemble ectomycorrhizal symbiosis.},
journal = {IMA fungus},
volume = {16},
number = {},
pages = {e143240},
pmid = {40093759},
issn = {2210-6340},
abstract = {Fusarium species, recognised as global priority pathogens, frequently induce severe diseases in crops; however, certain species exhibit alternative symbiotic lifestyles and are either non-pathogenic or endophytic. In this study, we characterised the mutualistic relationship between the eFp isolate of F.pseudograminearum and five poplar species, resulting in formation root structures reminiscent of ectomycorrhizal (ECM) symbiosis. This functional symbiosis is evidenced by enhanced plant growth, reciprocal nutrient exchange, improved nitrogen and phosphorus uptake and upregulation of root sugar transporter gene expression (PtSweet1). Comparative and population genomics confirmed that eFp maintains a structurally similar genome, but exhibits significant divergence from ten conspecific pathogenic isolates. Notably, eFp enhanced the growth of diverse plant lineages (Oryza, Arabidopsis, Pinus and non-vascular liverworts), indicating a near-complete loss of virulence. Although this specialised symbiosis has only been established in vitro, it holds significant value in elucidating the evolutionary track from endophytic to mycorrhizal associations.},
}
@article {pmid40092220,
year = {2025},
author = {Bhatia, A and Sharma, D and Mehta, J and Kumarasamy, V and Begum, MY and Siddiqua, A and Sekar, M and Subramaniyan, V and Wong, LS and Mat Rani, NNI},
title = {Probiotics and Synbiotics: Applications, Benefits, and Mechanisms for the Improvement of Human and Ecological Health.},
journal = {Journal of multidisciplinary healthcare},
volume = {18},
number = {},
pages = {1493-1510},
pmid = {40092220},
issn = {1178-2390},
abstract = {This review explores the multifaceted roles and applications of probiotics, emphasizing their significance in maintaining and enhancing host health through microbial interactions. It includes the concept of holobionts and the symbiotic relationships between hosts and their microbiomes, illustrating how various microbiota can enhance immunity, support growth, and prevent diseases. It delves into the customization of probiotics using molecular and genomic techniques, focusing Enterococcus, Bifidobacterium, and Lactobacillus species. Furthermore, it discusses the symbiotic effects of symbiotics which aids in enhancing the survivability and beneficial effects of probiotics. The role beneficial microbes in gut is emphasized, noting its impact on preventing diseases and maintaining a stable microbial community. The potential therapeutic value of probiotics includes the ability to treat gastrointestinal diseases, as well as to strengthen the immune system and reduce the number of free radicals that are present in the body. Additionally, it explores secondary metabolites produced by bacteria in the gut, such as bacteriocins and exopolysaccharides, and their effect on the health of human, particularly in the gastrointestinal tract. The review concludes by addressing the use of probiotics in traditional medicine and their potential in novel therapeutic applications, including the treatment of endangered wildlife species and various human ailments.},
}
@article {pmid40091861,
year = {2025},
author = {Carrier, TJ and Elder, H and Macrander, J and Dimond, JL and Bingham, BL and Reitzel, AM},
title = {Symbiont-Mediated Metabolic Shift in the Sea Anemone Anthopleura elegantissima.},
journal = {Molecular ecology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e17722},
doi = {10.1111/mec.17722},
pmid = {40091861},
issn = {1365-294X},
support = {//National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship Program/ ; //University of North Carolina at Charlotte/ ; //Western Washington University/ ; },
abstract = {Coral reefs and their photosynthetic algae form one of the most ecologically and economically impactful symbioses in the animal kingdom. The stability of this nutritional mutualism and this ecosystem is, however, at risk due to increasing sea surface temperatures that cause corals to expel their symbionts. Symbioses with these microeukaryotes have independently evolved multiple times, and non-coral cnidarians (e.g., sea anemones) serve as a valuable and insightful comparative system due to their ease of husbandry in the laboratory and their ability to shuffle different strains of their photosymbionts to acclimate to thermal conditions. This breadth of symbiont shuffling is exemplified by the sea anemone Anthopleura elegantissima, which naturally occurs in symbiosis with the dinoflagellate Breviolum muscatinei (formerly Symbiodinium) or the chlorophyte Elliptochloris marina as well as being aposymbiotic. Here, we assembled a draft genome and used multi-omics to characterise multiple physiological levels of each phenotype. We find that A. elegantissima has symbiont-specific transcriptional and metabolomic signatures, but a similar bacterial community dominated by a single Sphingomonas species that is commonly found in the cnidarian microbiome. Symbiosis with either eukaryotic symbiont resulted in differential gene expression and metabolic abundance for diverse processes spanning metabolism and immunity to reproduction and development, with some of these processes being unique to either symbiont. The ability to culture A. elegantissima with its phylogenetically divergent photosymbionts and perform experimental manipulations makes A. elegantissima another tractable sea anemone system to decode the symbiotic conversations of coral reef ecosystems and aid in wider conservation efforts.},
}
@article {pmid40091613,
year = {2025},
author = {Cheng, C and Liu, F and Wu, Y and Li, P and Chen, W and Wu, C and Sun, J},
title = {Positive Linkage in Bacterial Microbiota at the Plant-Insect Interface Benefits an Invasive Bark Beetle.},
journal = {Plant, cell &amp; environment},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/pce.15470},
pmid = {40091613},
issn = {1365-3040},
support = {//This work is funded by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2021YFC2600100), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31702018, 32088102, 32061123002 and 32101537), and the Hebei Natural Science Foundation (C2023201034)./ ; },
abstract = {Symbiotic microbes facilitate rapid adaptation of invasive insects on novel plants via multifaceted function provisions, but little was known on the importance of cross linkages in symbiotic microbiota to insect invasiveness. Novel host pine Pinus tabuliformis is inherently unsuitable for invasive red turpentine beetle (RTB) in China; however, Novosphingobium and Erwinia/Serratia in gallery microbiota (at the interface between RTB larvae and pine phloem) have been discovered to help beetles via biodegrading pine detrimental compounds naringenin and pinitol, respectively. Here, we further revealed significant positive linkage of the two functions, with higher activity level conferring more growth benefit to RTB larvae. Abundance of Erwinia/Serratia was remarkably increased in response to pinitol, while naringenin-biodegrading Novosphingobium was unable to utilize this main phloem carbohydrate directly. High-activity bacterial microbiota produced nutritive metabolites (sucrose and hexadecanoic acid) from pinitol consumption that facilitated growth of both Novosphingobium and beetle larvae. Functional proteins of several bacterial taxa were enriched in high-activity microbiota that appeared to form a metabolic network collectively to regulate the nutrient production. Our results indicate that positive interaction between Erwinia/Serratia and Novosphingobium is critical for RTB invasion success, while Bacilli bacteria might restrict this linkage, providing new insights into symbiotic microbial interactions for insect herbivores.},
}
@article {pmid40090966,
year = {2025},
author = {Ngambia Freitas, FS and De Vooght, L and Njiokou, F and Abeele, JVD and Bossard, G and Tchicaya, B and Corrales, RM and Ravel, S and Geiger, A and Berthier-Teyssedre, D},
title = {Evaluation of two candidate molecules-TCTP and cecropin-on the establishment of Trypanosoma brucei gambiense into the gut of Glossina palpalis gambiensis.},
journal = {Insect science},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/1744-7917.70012},
pmid = {40090966},
issn = {1744-7917},
support = {//Institut&#xa0;de Recherche pour le D&#xe9;veloppement/ ; //Labex ParaFrap/ ; //Research Infrastructures for the control of vector-borne diseases/ ; 731060//European Union's Horizon 2020/ ; },
abstract = {Trypanosomiasis, transmitted by tsetse flies (Glossina spp.), poses a significant health threat in 36 sub-Saharan African countries. Current control methods targeting tsetse flies, while effective, allow reinfestation. This study investigates paratransgenesis, a novel strategy to engineer symbiotic bacteria in tsetse flies, Sodalis glossinidius, to deliver anti-trypanosome compounds. Disrupting the trypanosome life cycle within the fly and reducing parasite transmission could offer a sustainable solution for trypanosomiasis control. In this context, we tested the effect of cecropin, reported to be lethal for Trypanosoma cruzi (Chagas disease) and TbgTCTP (Translationally Controlled Tumor Protein from Trypanosoma brucei gambiense), previously reported to modulate the growth of bacteria isolated from the fly microbiome, to delay the first peak of parasitemia and the death of trypanosome-infected mice. We have successfully cloned and transfected the genes encoding the two proteins into Sodalis strains. These Sodalis recombinant strains (recSodalisTbgTCTP and recSodaliscecropin) have been then microinjected into the L3 larval stage of Glossina palpalis gambiensis flies. The stability of the cloned genes was checked up to the 20th day after microinjection of recSodalis. The rate of fly emergence from untreated pupae was 95%; it was reduced by nearly 50% due to the mechanical injury caused by microinjection. It decreased to nearly 7% when larvae were injected with recSodalisTbgTCTP, which suggests TCTP could have a lethal impact to larvae development. When challenged with T. brucei gambiense, a slightly lower, but statistically non-significant, infection rate was recorded in flies harboring recSodaliscecropin compared to control flies. The effect of recSodalisTbgTCTP could not be measured due to the very low rate of fly emergence after corresponding treatment of the larvae. The results do not allow to conclude on the effect of cecropin or TCTP, delivered by para-transgenesis into the fly's gut, on the fly infection by the trypanosome. Nevertheless, the results are encouraging insofar as the technical approach works on the couple G. p. gambiensis/T. brucei gambiense. The next step will be to optimize the system and test other targets chosen among the ESPs (Excreted-Secreted Proteins) of the trypanosome secretum, or the differentially expressed genes associated with the sensitivity/resistance of the fly to trypanosome infection.},
}
@article {pmid40090092,
year = {2025},
author = {Skalny, M and Czeremuga, J and Rokowska, A and Gajewska, M and Blachowski, A and Marzec, M and Sokołowski, K and Dziewit, L and Bajda, T},
title = {Engineered magnetic particles derived from steelmaking dust for phosphorus recovery and extracellular DNA removal from municipal wastewater.},
journal = {Journal of environmental management},
volume = {380},
number = {},
pages = {124830},
doi = {10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.124830},
pmid = {40090092},
issn = {1095-8630},
abstract = {Phosphorus (P) is a critical and finite raw material fundamental to various biological roles and industrial applications. Its limited availability can be managed through recovery from wastewater. However, wastewater often contains hazardous contaminants, including antibiotic resistance and virulence genes associated with extracellular DNA (exDNA), which may compromise the safety of recovered P products. To address this issue, magnetically separated electric arc furnace dust (ms-EAFD), a by-product of the steelmaking process, was functionalized using dissolution recrystallization protocol utilizing NaOH and Ca(OH)2 and applied as an adsorbent for P recovery and exDNA removal from municipal wastewater treatment plant effluent. Upon functionalization, ms-EAFD increases its specific surface area seven-fold and shifts zeta potential towards positive values. This causes an increase in phosphate removal efficiency from 7.1% to above 70% and adsorption capacity from 0.5 to above 4.5 mg/g (at 15 mg/L PO4[3-]). Ca-enriched material induce microprecipitation of CaP in P-rich wastewater, improving phosphorus removal efficiency. exDNA removal efficiency depends on its concentration and the composition of the water matrix regardless of the applied adsorbent. All materials demonstrate exDNA removal efficiency ranging from 75 to 100% in wastewater containing 0.5 PO4[3-] mg/L, which drops to approximately 20% when PO4[3-] concentration reaches 5 mg/L. The adsorbent regeneration with 0.5M NaOH (pH > 13) led to efficient phosphate desorption and complete degradation of exDNA in the eluate. The proposed approach may facilitate industrial symbiosis and repurpose EAFD into a valuable material for improving wastewater treatment efficiency.},
}
@article {pmid40090091,
year = {2025},
author = {Bai, Y and Wang, N and Xie, S and Zhang, J},
title = {Paradigm and efficiency of industrial waste resource utilization: Evidence from China.},
journal = {Journal of environmental management},
volume = {380},
number = {},
pages = {124922},
doi = {10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.124922},
pmid = {40090091},
issn = {1095-8630},
abstract = {Achieving industrial symbiosis and zero emissions requires integrated frameworks for optimizing industrial waste valorization. However, existing studies often overlook the synergy between operational paradigms and multidimensional efficiency. This study bridges this gap through a mixed-methods investigation of 48 Chinese industrial waste resource (IWR) utilization centers, combining qualitative analysis of 1.90 GB of textual case data with a Multi-Criteria Decision Making-Grey Relational Projection Method (MCDM-GRPM) quantitative analysis framework. Two key contributions emerge: (1) redefining industrial waste as IWRs and formulating a "technology-enterprise-policy" paradigm that integrates policy incentives, cross-sector collaboration, and technological innovation to facilitate closed-loop recycling; and (2) developing a multidimensional efficiency evaluation system incorporating technical, economic, and ecological criteria to assess IWR utilization performance. Findings demonstrate that the proposed paradigm operationalizes the 3R principles, transforming waste into high-value resources while fostering industrial symbiosis. Efficiency analysis reveals notable disparities among centers, with top performers (e.g., DMU25, DMU21) leveraging geographic advantages, waste-type characteristics, and industrial diversification. High efficiency in individual dimensions does not ensure overall performance, underscoring the need for balanced, multicriteria-driven strategies. By integrating qualitative and quantitative insights, this study provides a replicable framework for advancing circular economy transitions and promoting industrial symbiosis, aligning economic and environmental objectives.},
}
@article {pmid40089449,
year = {2025},
author = {Becks, L and Gaedke, U and Klauschies, T},
title = {Emergent feedback between symbiosis form and population dynamics.},
journal = {Trends in ecology &amp; evolution},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.tree.2025.02.006},
pmid = {40089449},
issn = {1872-8383},
abstract = {Symbiotic relationships represent prolonged physical interactions between different species and include various forms such as mutualism, commensalism, exploitation, and competition. Here, we show that the form of symbiosis may change with the densities of the symbiotic partners as they influence the costs and benefits each species experiences. In turn, the form of symbiosis is expected to influence species persistence, population dynamics, and ultimately ecosystem stability. Based on this, we introduce the theoretical concept of a density-symbiosis feedback, where population densities affect the form of symbiosis, and symbiosis form in return affects population dynamics. This dynamic interplay calls for a re-evaluation of traditional ecological concepts and a framework considering the flexibility in symbiosis forms.},
}
@article {pmid40087964,
year = {2025},
author = {Christophoridis, C and Touloupi, M and Bizani, EA and Iossifidis, D},
title = {Polyphenol extraction from industrial water by-products: a case study of the ULTIMATE project in the fruit processing industry.},
journal = {Water science and technology : a journal of the International Association on Water Pollution Research},
volume = {91},
number = {5},
pages = {540-553},
pmid = {40087964},
issn = {0273-1223},
support = {869318//HORIZON EUROPE Framework Programme/ ; },
mesh = {*Polyphenols/isolation &amp; purification/chemistry ; *Industrial Waste/analysis ; *Fruit/chemistry ; Wastewater/chemistry ; Food-Processing Industry ; Waste Disposal, Fluid/methods ; Water Pollutants, Chemical/isolation &amp; purification/chemistry ; },
abstract = {This study investigates the sustainable management and utilization of water resources in the fruit processing industry, focusing on a case study from the EU-funded ULTIMATE project. Conducted in a juice factory in Nafplio, Greece, the primary objective is to explore the recovery of polyphenols from water by-product streams generated during orange juice production. The research aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a mobile wastewater treatment unit in selectively adsorbing polyphenols onto a polymeric resin. The following three extraction methods are compared: conventional solvent extraction, subcritical water extraction (SWE), and supercritical CO2 extraction (SFE). To determine the most efficient extraction method, the polyphenol profiles of the extracts were analyzed using UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS/MS, identifying flavonoids, terpenes, coumarins, and anthocyanins. SFE not only was the most efficient method but provided the most diverse and abundant profile. The research highlights the potential of converting industrial by-products that would otherwise be treated as wastewater, into valuable resources that generate revenue, promote circular economy practices, and enhance sustainability in the fruit and vegetable processing sector. The economic viability of polyphenol extraction is also discussed, emphasizing its significance and impact on various industries. The findings support integrating advanced extraction technologies to maximize resource recovery and minimize environmental impact.},
}
@article {pmid40087963,
year = {2025},
author = {Perkis, A and Mansilla, WA and Glotzbach, R and Munaretto, S and Rubini, A and Gervasio, I and Argo, A and Venkataswamy Gowda, D},
title = {Stakeholder engagement to increase the impact of water technology case studies.},
journal = {Water science and technology : a journal of the International Association on Water Pollution Research},
volume = {91},
number = {5},
pages = {524-539},
doi = {10.2166/wst.2025.004},
pmid = {40087963},
issn = {0273-1223},
support = {grant agreement No 869318//Horizon 2020 Framework Programme/ ; },
mesh = {*Stakeholder Participation ; },
abstract = {Successful uptake and acceptance of technologies and strategies for symbiotic solutions require active engagement of relevant stakeholder groups. By exchanging knowledge, developing ideas, and learning together, stakeholders contribute to innovative and sustainable water management solutions within industrial symbiosis. ULTIMATE fosters such engagement across its nine case studies (CS) through three approaches: eXtended Reality technologies for Immersive Media Experiences (IMX), Communities of Practice (CoPs), and Water-Oriented Living Labs (WOLLs). The IMX leverages a Place by Design Playbook to co-create tailored installations that represent CS experiences, augmented by synthetic overlays and gamification via an augmented reality app. CoPs, maintained as social learning systems, bring together experts and stakeholders to co-develop and support solutions. Meanwhile, WOLLs offer real-world environments to refine and test innovations, ensuring their relevance and adoption. Together, these approaches create a framework for fostering collaboration, innovation, and sustainable practices in industrial symbiosis.},
}
@article {pmid40087962,
year = {2025},
author = {Chen, O and Mustafee, N and Evans, B and Khoury, M and Vamvakeridou-Lyroudia, L and Chen, AS and Djordjević, S and Savić, D},
title = {Supporting decision-making for industrial symbioses using a hybrid modelling approach and its application to wastewater treatment.},
journal = {Water science and technology : a journal of the International Association on Water Pollution Research},
volume = {91},
number = {5},
pages = {501-523},
pmid = {40087962},
issn = {0273-1223},
support = {GA 869318//Horizon 2020 Framework Programme/ ; },
mesh = {*Wastewater ; *Models, Theoretical ; *Waste Disposal, Fluid/methods ; Decision Making ; Water Purification/methods ; Industrial Waste ; Computer Simulation ; },
abstract = {Industrial Symbiosis (InSym) capitalises on the proximity of entities to gain a competitive advantage through collective strategies. Within the Circular Economy, this involves the circular exchange and reuse of water, energy, and resources among participating businesses, enhancing resource valorisation in manufacturing. However, as a distinct business model, InSym requires collaboration among multiple stakeholders working toward a shared goal, posing challenges in achieving mutually beneficial outcomes. Operations Research (OR) - particularly computer modelling and simulation techniques - can help mitigate risks in InSym implementation by enabling an experimental approach to decision-making. This paper presents a hybrid modelling framework to support InSym decision-making. The framework integrates four OR techniques: Agent-Based Simulation (ABS), Discrete-Event Simulation (DES), System Dynamics (SD), and Multiple Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) to develop a hybrid InSym model. ABS captures stakeholder behaviour, DES simulates operational processes, SD represents dynamic interactions, and MCDA incorporates stakeholder perspectives. The model evaluates collective treatment strategies for olive mill wastewater, addressing key challenges such as scattered small-scale olive mills, seasonal wastewater discharge, and high organic loading. This innovative framework addresses InSym decision-making at operational, tactical, and strategic levels, transforming the economy-environment dilemma into a win-win scenario for olive oil businesses and local authorities.},
}
@article {pmid40087188,
year = {2025},
author = {Liu, J and Cao, J and Su, R and Yan, L and Wang, K and Hu, H and Bao, Z},
title = {Variations in the N2 Fixation and CH4 Oxidation Activities of Type I Methanotrophs in the Rice Roots in Saline-Alkali Paddy Field Under Nitrogen Fertilization.},
journal = {Rice (New York, N.Y.)},
volume = {18},
number = {1},
pages = {17},
pmid = {40087188},
issn = {1939-8425},
support = {No: 42103078//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; No: 32160028//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; No. 2022YFHH0086//Major Science and Technology Projects in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region/ ; },
abstract = {The root-associated methanotrophs contribute to N2 fixation and CH4 oxidation in paddy fields under N-limited conditions. However, the impact of nitrogen inputs on N2 fixation and CH4 oxidation by methanotrophs is largely unknown, especially in saline-alkali paddy fields with higher nitrogen application. This study explored the impact of nitrogen fertilization on N2 fixation and CH4 oxidation by root-associated active diazotrophic and methanotrophic communities in a saline-alkali paddy field using [15]N-N2 and [13]C-CH4 isotope feeding experiments along with RNA-based sequencing. The [15]N and [13]C isotope feeding experiments showed that the CH4 oxidation-dependent nitrogen fixation rate of methanotrophs ([15]N and [13]C) in the roots of two rice cultivars was significantly higher than the CH4 oxidation-independent nitrogen fixation rate of heterotrophic diazotrophs (only [15]N) under nitrogen fertilization (SN) in a saline-alkali environment (P < 0.05). For Kongyu131 rice, the CH4 oxidation-dependent nitrogen fixation rate ranged from 1.17 to 4.15 μmol/h/g, while the CH4 oxidation-independent nitrogen fixation rate was determined to be 1.10 to 3.17 μmol/h/g. In J3 rice, these rates were 7.30 to 9.22 μmol/h/g and 5.76 to 4.85 μmol/h/g, respectively (P < 0.05). Moreover, both N2 fixation and CH4 oxidation rates of methanotrophs in the roots of salt-alkali tolerant J3 cultivar (9.22 μmol/h/g for N2 fixation; 0.09 μmol/h/g for CH4 oxidation) were significantly higher than those in the roots of the common rice cultivar Kongyu131 (4.15 μmol/h/g for N2 fixation; 0.03 μmol/h/g for CH4 oxidation) under nitrogen fertilization (P < 0.01). Thus, methanotrophs associated with J3 rice roots demonstrated improved N2 fixation and CH4 oxidation activities under saline-alkali stress in the presence of nitrogen fertilizer. Even heterotrophic diazotrophs in J3 rice roots showed enhanced N2 fixation with (SN) or without (LN) nitrogen inputs. The RNA-based amplicon sequencing showed that nitrogen fertilizer had a greater influence on diazotrophic and methanotrophic communities than the differences between rice cultivars. Further, active Methylomonas (type I methanotrophs) dominated the root-associated diazotrophic (9.8-20.9%) and methanotrophic (46.8-80.3%) communities. Within these, Methylomonas methanica (13.3 vs. 3.8%) and Methylomonas paludis (8.8 vs. 27.4%) were determined as the common genera in the diazotrophic and methanotrophic communities, respectively, with both proportions undergoing significant shifts under SN conditions. Whereas the LN condition led to high CH4 oxidation activity and a relatively high abundance of Methylocystis (26.0%) in the roots of Kongyu131 rice, which sharply decreased under the SN condition (0.3%). The findings revealed that CH4 oxidation-dependent N2 fixation and CH4 oxidation activities of root-associated type I methanotrophs were significantly affected under nitrogen fertilization, with a more pronounced effect in the salt-alkali tolerant J3 rice cultivar compared to Kongyu131. This study highlights the potential of aerobic diazotrophic methanotrophs in enhancing symbiotic diversity and environmental adaptability while contributing to CH4 emission reduction and bioavailable nitrogen accumulation in saline-alkali paddy fields.},
}
@article {pmid40086443,
year = {2025},
author = {Weiss, B and Rohkin Shalom, S and Dolgova, A and Teh, LS and Kaltenpoth, M and Dale, C and Chiel, E},
title = {Maternal symbiont transmission via envenomation in the parasitoid wasp Spalangia cameroni.},
journal = {Current biology : CB},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.cub.2025.02.035},
pmid = {40086443},
issn = {1879-0445},
abstract = {Microbial symbionts of multicellular hosts originate from free-living ancestors and often persist through vertical transmission, but their mechanisms of establishment are not well understood. Here, we studied acquisition and transmission routes in a nascent symbiosis involving the bacterium Sodalis praecaptivus subsp. spalangiae (Sodalis SC) and the parasitoid wasp Spalangia cameroni. Using fluorescence in situ hybridization, transmission electron microscopy, and experimental infections, we found that oocytes are devoid of Sodalis SC, but the female venom gland is densely colonized. Sodalis SC is injected with the venom into the fly host, subsequently acquired by larval progeny during feeding, invades through the larval gut epithelium into multiple host organs, and eventually localizes in the venom gland. Adult wasps can also acquire Sodalis SC by artificial feeding, but, in this case, the bacterium is not transmitted vertically. Additionally, Sodalis SC is localized in the testes of some males, transmitted paternally at low frequency, and females that inherit Sodalis SC paternally can subsequently transmit it via the venom. To assess the specificity of the symbiosis, we performed experiments with the closely related free-living species Sodalis praecaptivus subsp. praecaptivus (Sodalis PP), known to initiate symbiosis with other insects. Sodalis PP is readily acquired when supplied artificially to wasp larvae but not transmitted to wasp progeny, because it fails to proliferate in the parasitized host. Our results indicate that non-ovarian transmission routes of intracellular symbionts may be more common than currently appreciated and provide a scenario for the early steps in establishing persistent symbiotic associations in insects.},
}
@article {pmid40085982,
year = {2025},
author = {Zhou, Z and Yang, H and Li, S and Niu, H and Yuan, D and Zhao, H},
title = {Phosphorus addition mitigates the combined negative effects of high temperature and nitrogen stress on corals.},
journal = {Marine environmental research},
volume = {207},
number = {},
pages = {107075},
doi = {10.1016/j.marenvres.2025.107075},
pmid = {40085982},
issn = {1879-0291},
abstract = {Global warming and imbalances in nitrogen (N)-phosphorus (P) ratios due to increased human activity have had significant impacts on coral reef ecosystems. However, the underlying mechanisms of these impacts remain poorly understood. In this study, a controlled experiment was conducted on Acropora hyacinthus treated with different P concentrations at high temperature (30 °C) and high N level (9 μM nitrate), which was analyzed in terms of physical observations and physiological indices, as well as photosynthetic activity and fatty acid composition. The results indicated that nitrate enrichment significantly reduced Symbiodiniaceae density, total chlorophyll content, and photosynthetic efficiency, as well as notable coral bleaching. P addition alleviated some of these detrimental effects, enhancing symbiotic relationship and maintaining photosynthetic activity. Additionally, changes in fatty acid composition suggest that P supplementation may improve coral tolerance to the combined stress of heat stress and nitrate enrichment by enhancing coral heterotrophy. These findings underscore the importance of balanced nutrient ratio for corals and propose P supplementation as a potential strategy to mitigate the combined stress on coral reefs.},
}
@article {pmid40085484,
year = {2025},
author = {Shelomi, M},
title = {Scheffersomyces tanahashii sp. nov., isolated from the cocoon wall of the stag beetle Prosopocoilus astacoides blanchardi.},
journal = {International journal of systematic and evolutionary microbiology},
volume = {75},
number = {3},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1099/ijsem.0.006720},
pmid = {40085484},
issn = {1466-5034},
mesh = {Animals ; *Coleoptera/microbiology ; *Phylogeny ; *Sequence Analysis, DNA ; *Saccharomycetales/genetics/isolation &amp; purification/classification ; *DNA, Fungal/genetics ; Mycological Typing Techniques ; DNA, Ribosomal Spacer/genetics ; Symbiosis ; Larva/microbiology ; Xylose/metabolism ; },
abstract = {A previous investigation of symbiotic yeasts associated with the stag beetle Prosopocoilus astacoides blanchardi isolated strains of the genus Scheffersomyces from the cocoon walls, larval midgut, larval hindgut and larval tunnels. Phylogenetic analysis of the D1/D2 domains of the LSU rRNA gene sequences revealed identical sequences, indicating that they belonged to the same species, but suggested that the species was new. In this study, sequence analysis and physiological characterization identified a representative strain of these beetle-associated yeasts as a novel species in the genus Scheffersomyces. The sequence similarities of the concatenated LSU domains and internal transcribed spacer regions indicated that strain BCRC 23563[T] forms a well-supported and distinct species in the xylose-fermenting Scheffersomyces subclade, with the sequences for each gene differing in nt substitutions from those of previously described related species by at least 1.06% and 2.7% respectively. The physiological characteristics of the novel species were also distinct from those of the closely related described species, though it could still process xylose as is expected of stag beetle-associated Scheffersomyces symbionts. Based on the data, a novel yeast species, Scheffersomyces tanahashii sp. nov., is proposed to accommodate this strain. The holotype is BCRC 23563[T] (ex-type strains NBRC 116731 and NCYC 4470). The MycoBank accession number is 857608.},
}
@article {pmid40085131,
year = {2025},
author = {Deng, S and Yang, Y and Hu, CY and Xiao, S and Kuzyakov, Y and Liu, C and Ma, LQ},
title = {Arsenic Uptake and Metabolism in Mycorrhizal As-Hyperaccumulator Pteris vittata: Symbiotic P Transporters and As Reductases.},
journal = {Environmental science &amp; technology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1021/acs.est.4c11639},
pmid = {40085131},
issn = {1520-5851},
abstract = {Arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) often protect host plants from As accumulation under arsenic stress; however, the opposite is true for the As-hyperaccumulator Pteris vittata. With non-hyperaccumulator Pteris ensiformis as a comparison, the AM colonization, P and As uptake, and genes associated with As metabolism were investigated in P. vittata after growing 60-day with Rhizophagus irregularis inoculation under 0 (As0), 10 (As10), or 100 μM As (As100) treatments. Based on the As-induced increase in AM colonization (up to 21%), AM symbiosis promoted P. vittata growth by 24% and frond P content by 22% in the AM+As100 treatment than As100 treatment. These increases corresponded to 4.2- to 5.4-fold upregulation in symbiotic P transporter RiPT1/7 in AM fungi and PvPht1;6 in P. vittata roots, which probably supported 37% greater As accumulation at 4980 mg kg[-1] in the fronds. Besides total As, enhanced arsenate reduction was evidenced by 19% greater arsenite and 15-fold upregulation of fungal arsenate reductase RiArsC in mycorrhizal roots. Further, the 2.1-fold upregulation of arsenite antiporters PvACR3/3;3 contributed to greater arsenite translocation to and sequestration in the fronds. Unlike P. ensiformis symbiont, which suffers from As stress, the mycorrhiza-specific P transporters (RiPT1/7 and PvPht1;6), arsenate reductases (RiArsC and PvHAC2), and arsenite antiporters (PvACR3/3;3) all benefited AM symbiosis and As accumulation in P. vittata.},
}
@article {pmid40084497,
year = {2025},
author = {Ren, J and Mathew, A and Rodríguez-García, M and Regli, CC and Blacque, O and Spingler, B and Sieber, S and Eberl, L and Gademann, K},
title = {Valdiazen Derivatives for Chemoproteomic Studies in Burkholderia cenocepacia H111.},
journal = {Chembiochem : a European journal of chemical biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e202400945},
doi = {10.1002/cbic.202400945},
pmid = {40084497},
issn = {1439-7633},
abstract = {Quorum sensing allows bacteria to coordinate community-wide behaviours such as biofilm formation, virulence, and symbiosis. The diazeniumdiolate valdiazen has been identified in the opportunistic pathogen Burkholderia cenocepacia H111 as a novel quorum-sensing signal, yet its protein interactome has remained unexplored. In this study, we employed a chemoproteomic pulldown approach to identify potential valdiazen-binding proteins. For these pulldown experiments, a series of alkyne-linked and biotin-conjugated valdiazen probes were synthesised. Affinity-based pulldown experiments using biotin-valdiazen conjugates successfully identified several putative proteins including an ATP synthase subunit, a succinylglutamate desuccinylase/aspartoacylase, a granule-associated protein, an acetyl-CoA hydrolase, a serine protease and an OmpA/MotB precursor. Overall, this study provides insights into the valdiazen-protein interactome in Burkholderia cenocepacia H111, advancing our understanding of the role of valdiazen in bacterial quorum sensing.},
}
@article {pmid40084008,
year = {2025},
author = {Nourzadeh, N and Rahimi, A and Dadrasi, A},
title = {Comparative evaluation of bio-fertilizer replacement with chemical fertilizer in sesame (Sesamum indicum L) production under drought stress and normal irrigation condition.},
journal = {Heliyon},
volume = {11},
number = {4},
pages = {e42743},
pmid = {40084008},
issn = {2405-8440},
abstract = {Drought stress represents a considerable environmental challenge, exerting a deleterious effect on plant growth and productivity. In order to address this issue, the use of biostimulants, such as plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), has gained increasing attention in recent years. The present study, conducted in 2022, sought to evaluate the effects of biological and chemical fertilizers under drought-stress conditions on sesame yield and water-use efficiency. The research was conducted at two farms, Dashthouz and Sarkahnan, which are located approximately 80 km apart in Rodan city, Hormozgan province, Iran. The research was designed as a factorial experiment using a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The study examined two main factors: fertilizer application, with eight levels (bacteria (B), mycorrhizal fungi (MY), chemical fertilizer (NPK), bacteria + mycorrhizal fungi (B+MY), bacteria + chemical fertilizer (B+NPK), mycorrhizal fungi + chemical fertilizer (MY+NPK), bacteria + mycorrhizal fungi + chemical fertilizer (B+MY+NPK), and a control), and drought stress, with two levels (normal irrigation without drought stress and drought stress). The results indicated that the main effects of location, irrigation, fertilizer application, and their interactions significantly influenced the leaf area index (LAI), number of branches, number of capsules, number of seeds per capsule, seed yield, biological yield, harvest index, oil yield, meal yield, and water-use efficiency. However, there was no significant effect on thousand-seed weight. This indicates that all measured traits were influenced by the experimental factors. Regarding seed yield, the lowest value of 95.3 g/m[2] was recorded in the control treatment under normal irrigation conditions at Dachthouz, while the highest value of 325.5 g/m[2] was achieved in the control treatment under normal irrigation conditions at Sarkahnan. The findings revealed that the application of mycorrhizal fungi (MY) and bacteria (B) as substitutes for phosphorus and nitrogen, respectively, produced seed yields comparable to those achieved with NPK fertilizers under normal irrigation conditions. However, under drought stress conditions, water scarcity disrupted the symbiotic interactions between the microorganisms and the crop, reducing the effectiveness of MY and B treatments in enhancing crop growth and yield. These results contribute to advancing sustainable sesame production systems by minimizing the reliance on chemical fertilizers and enhancing crop resilience to drought stress. Further research and practical implementation of these strategies could lead to more efficient and environmentally sustainable sesame cultivation practices.},
}
@article {pmid40083779,
year = {2025},
author = {Liu, Y and Yan, D and Chen, R and Zhang, Y and Wang, C and Qian, G},
title = {Recent insights and advances in gut microbiota's influence on host antiviral immunity.},
journal = {Frontiers in microbiology},
volume = {16},
number = {},
pages = {1536778},
pmid = {40083779},
issn = {1664-302X},
abstract = {A diverse array of microbial organisms colonizes the human body, collectively known as symbiotic microbial communities. Among the various pathogen infections that hosts encounter, viral infections represent one of the most significant public health challenges worldwide. The gut microbiota is considered an important biological barrier against viral infections and may serve as a promising target for adjuvant antiviral therapy. However, the potential impact of symbiotic microbiota on viral infection remains relatively understudied. In this review, we discuss the specific regulatory mechanisms of gut microbiota in antiviral immunity, highlighting recent advances in how gut microbiota regulate the host immune response, produce immune-related molecules, and enhance the host's defense against viruses. Finally, we also discuss the antiviral potential of oral probiotics.},
}
@article {pmid40083395,
year = {2025},
author = {Nakkeeran, KP and Jitender, A and Thulasiraman, S and Krishnan, V and P L, M},
title = {Early cognizance of folic acid supplementation among pregnant women in the prevention of cleft lip and palate- a questionnaire study.},
journal = {Journal of oral biology and craniofacial research},
volume = {15},
number = {2},
pages = {421-427},
pmid = {40083395},
issn = {2212-4268},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The awareness of the symbiotic correlation between folic acid and its role in preventing orofacial clefts in pregnant mothers needs to be established during the early gestational period, proving that consumption in both dietary and supplementation forms has positive effects on the mother and the developing fetus.<br><br>AIM: The present study raises awareness of the benefits and use of folic acid supplementation in the early phases of gestation.<br><br>MATERIALS AND METHODS: A questionnaire survey was conducted over 9 months. It was designed with a total of 13 queries, and a sizable sample of 100 women were personally interviewed after obtaining verbal consent.<br><br>RESULTS: A total of 100 pregnant women of different age groups participated in the questionnaire study. Of these, only 11 of the respondents were found to be aware of the benefits of folic acid as a nutritional supplement, and 29 respondents were on folic acid supplementation. Almost 52 percent of those surveyed failed to take folate supplementation in the first two trimesters.<br><br>CONCLUSION: The survey highlights the urgent need for information access and awareness to understand the benefits of supplementary folic acid among pregnant mothers in the prevention of orofacial clefts and overall well-being.},
}
@article {pmid40082024,
year = {2025},
author = {Yin, F and Ge, T and Zalucki, MP and Xiao, Y and Peng, Z and Li, Z},
title = {Gut symbionts affect Plutella xylostella (L.) susceptibility to chlorantraniliprole.},
journal = {Pesticide biochemistry and physiology},
volume = {209},
number = {},
pages = {106327},
doi = {10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106327},
pmid = {40082024},
issn = {1095-9939},
mesh = {Animals ; *ortho-Aminobenzoates/pharmacology ; *Moths/drug effects/microbiology ; *Insecticides/pharmacology ; *Insecticide Resistance/genetics ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome/drug effects ; *Symbiosis ; Bacteria/drug effects/genetics/metabolism ; Larva/drug effects/microbiology ; },
abstract = {Plutella xylostella, a globally economically important pest of cruciferous crops, has varying degrees of resistance to almost all insecticides. Insect gut microbiotas have a variety of physiological functions, and recent studies have shown that they have some potential connection with insecticide resistance. Here, we use metagenomics to analyze the differences in gut microbiota among 5 different populations of P. xylostella resistant to chlorantraniliprole. Differential gene expression was enriched in various metabolic pathways including carbohydrate metabolism, amino acid metabolism, energy metabolism, metabolism of cofactors and vitamins, nucleotide metabolism and so on. Proteobacteria was the dominate phyla, and the relative abundance of common dominant genera in the treated group (CL, Bt, and BtCL) was higher than that in susceptible controls. We successfully isolated 15 species of bacteria, in which the Enterobacter hormaechei was associated with enhanced insecticide resistance. The population we isolated can metabolize chlorantraniliprole in vitro, with a metabolic rate of 34.8 % within 4 days. Our work advances understanding of the evolution of insecticide resistance and lays a foundation for the further exploration of symbiotic microbial associations of lepidopteran insects and their ecological consequences.},
}
@article {pmid40081791,
year = {2025},
author = {Stock, SP and Campos-Herrera, R and Shapiro-Ilan, D},
title = {The first 100 years in the history of entomopathogenic nematodes.},
journal = {Journal of invertebrate pathology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {108302},
doi = {10.1016/j.jip.2025.108302},
pmid = {40081791},
issn = {1096-0805},
abstract = {The field of entomopathogenic nematology has grown exponentially since the discovery of the first species, Steinernema kraussei (=Aplecatna kraussei), in 1923. Initially, entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN) were solely viewed as a curiosity. The discovery of the nematode-bacteria association in 1965 and the incipient research for mass production motivated their recognition as biological control agents for agricultural pests. Subsequent studies were focused on the discovery of new species and/or populations, the early studies to understand the biotic and abiotic factors that contribute to their performance in the field and success in insect pest management. However, as we entered the 21st century, and with the advent of molecular biology, research on these organisms took a fascinating turn, unraveling a deeper understanding of the complex symbiotic relationship EPN has with their bacterial symbionts and the insect host. Furthermore, because of their experimental tractability, EPNs have proven to be model organisms that are used among various biological sciences to gain further insights into host-symbiont, host-pathogen interactions, population dynamics, and as resources for pharmaceutical bioprospecting. This special issue commemorates the first 100 years of research in entomopathogenic nematology and summarizes the contributions of ten symposia and presentations at the 100th Anniversary of the First EPN Discovery Congress in Logroño, Spain (https://www.icvv.es/english/epn). This specific article focuses on the historical review of EPN, their bacterial partners and the numerous and diverse applications in disciplines in basic such as phylogeny, biogeography, symbiosis, and soil biology and ecology, or more applied venues such as formulation and mass production, application technology, commercialization and regulation, from 1923 to the present time.},
}
@article {pmid40081330,
year = {2025},
author = {Grigg, ME and Alves-Ferreira, EVC},
title = {It takes three: A cocktail of protists, bacterial sphingolipids and an inflammasome.},
journal = {Cell host &amp; microbe},
volume = {33},
number = {3},
pages = {322-324},
doi = {10.1016/j.chom.2025.02.013},
pmid = {40081330},
issn = {1934-6069},
mesh = {*Inflammasomes/metabolism ; *Sphingolipids/metabolism ; Humans ; Animals ; Symbiosis ; Colorectal Neoplasms/microbiology/metabolism ; Eukaryota/metabolism ; },
abstract = {Symbiotic relationships between mammalian hosts and their flora impact host immunity and disease. In this issue, Winsor and colleagues define a trans-kingdom interaction, which protects against colorectal cancer. Tritrichomonas protists initiate a Bacteroides bloom and sphingolipid release, which activates the NLRP6 inflammasome, enhancing protective mucus secretion by sentinel goblet cells.},
}
@article {pmid40081236,
year = {2025},
author = {Liu, Z and Chen, M and Zheng, W and Zhan, X and Sui, W and Huang, H and Jiang, Q and Zhao, W},
title = {Effect of gut symbiotic bacteria Akkermansia muciniphila on aging-related obesity.},
journal = {Biochemical and biophysical research communications},
volume = {756},
number = {},
pages = {151606},
doi = {10.1016/j.bbrc.2025.151606},
pmid = {40081236},
issn = {1090-2104},
abstract = {Recent studies have shown that Akkermansia muciniphila may play a role in regulating lipid metabolism and immune response in diet-induced obese mice. However, in contrast to diet-induced obesity, aging-related obesity is characterized by a gradual increase in body fat proportion over time. This type of obesity is thought to be caused by a combination of factors, including slow metabolism, unhealthy lifestyle choices, and chronic inflammation. Unlike diet-induced obesity, which can occur relatively quickly, aging-related obesity is a long-term and slow process. In this study, we administered Akkermansia muciniphila to aged mice and collected fecal samples to analyze the targeted metabolism of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs). The mice were then euthanized and their abdominal fat was weighed. hematoxylin-eosin (H&amp;E) staining was performed to examine tissue samples. quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was used to detect the expression of IL-6 and TNF-α. Flow cytometry was used to examine the proportion of lymphocytes. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) kits were used to measure the levels of inflammatory factors and aging-related indicators. The results indicate that following intragastric administration, the body weight of the aged mice decreased, along with a decrease in abdominal fat and a reduction in the size of fat cells. Additionally, there was a decrease in the mRNA level of inflammatory factors, a decrease in the total number of immune cells in abdominal fat, and a decrease in the proportion of CD8[+] CD4[-]cells. In addition, our findings showed that serum levels of IL-6, TNF-α, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were reduced, and catalase (CAT) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels were comparable to those of young mice. The findings revealed that Akkermansia muciniphila has the potential to enhance immune regulation in aged mice, alleviate persistent inflammation, and decrease obesity in this aged mice.},
}
@article {pmid40080223,
year = {2025},
author = {Dondero, L and De Negri Atanasio, G and Tardanico, F and Lertora, E and Boggia, R and Capra, V and Cometto, A and Costamagna, M and Fi L S E, and Feletti, M and Garibaldi, F and Grasso, F and Jenssen, M and Lanteri, L and Lian, K and Monti, M and Perucca, M and Pinto, C and Poncini, I and Robino, F and Rombi, JV and Ahsan, SS and Shirmohammadi, N and Tiso, M and Turrini, F and Zaccone, M and Zanotti-Russo, M and Demori, I and Ferrari, PF and Grasselli, E},
title = {Unlocking the Potential of Marine Sidestreams in the Blue Economy: Lessons Learned from the EcoeFISHent Project on Fish Collagen.},
journal = {Marine biotechnology (New York, N.Y.)},
volume = {27},
number = {2},
pages = {63},
pmid = {40080223},
issn = {1436-2236},
support = {EcoeFISHent-101036428//European Commission/ ; EcoeFISHent-101036428//European Commission/ ; EcoeFISHent-101036428//European Commission/ ; EcoeFISHent-101036428//European Commission/ ; EcoeFISHent-101036428//European Commission/ ; EcoeFISHent-101036428//European Commission/ ; EcoeFISHent-101036428//European Commission/ ; EcoeFISHent-101036428//European Commission/ ; EcoeFISHent-101036428//European Commission/ ; EcoeFISHent-101036428//European Commission/ ; EcoeFISHent-101036428//European Commission/ ; EcoeFISHent-101036428//European Commission/ ; EcoeFISHent-101036428//European Commission/ ; EcoeFISHent-101036428//European Commission/ ; EcoeFISHent-101036428//European Commission/ ; EcoeFISHent-101036428//European Commission/ ; EcoeFISHent-101036428//European Commission/ ; EcoeFISHent-101036428//European Commission/ ; EcoeFISHent-101036428//European Commission/ ; EcoeFISHent-101036428//European Commission/ ; EcoeFISHent-101036428//European Commission/ ; EcoeFISHent-101036428//European Commission/ ; EcoeFISHent-101036428//European Commission/ ; EcoeFISHent-101036428//European Commission/ ; EcoeFISHent-101036428//European Commission/ ; EcoeFISHent-101036428//European Commission/ ; EcoeFISHent-101036428//European Commission/ ; Research for Programma Operativo Nazionale (PON) Ricerca e Innovazione, FSE REACT-EU: D31B21008650007//Ministero dell'Universit&#xe0; e della Ricerca/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Collagen/chemistry ; *Fishes/metabolism ; *Fisheries/economics ; *Aquaculture ; },
abstract = {This review provides a general overview of collagen structure, biosynthesis, and biological properties, with a particular focus on marine collagen sources, especially fisheries discards and by-catches. Additionally, well-documented applications of collagen are presented, with special emphasis not only on its final use but also on the processes enabling sustainable and safe recovery from materials that would otherwise go to waste. Particular attention is given to the extraction process, highlighting key aspects essential for the industrialization of fish sidestreams, such as hygiene standards, adherence to good manufacturing practices, and ensuring minimal environmental impact. In this context, the EcoeFISHent projects have provided valuable insights, aiming to create replicable, systemic, and sustainable territorial clusters based on a multi-circular economy and industrial symbiosis. The main goal of this project is to increase the monetary income of certain categories, such as fishery and aquaculture activities, through the valorization of underutilized biomass.},
}
@article {pmid40079640,
year = {2025},
author = {Passos, GS and Pellegrinetti, TA and Fiore, MF},
title = {Metagenome-assembled bacterial genomes from long accurate reads associated with Capilliphycus salinus ALCB114379.},
journal = {Microbiology resource announcements},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e0080724},
doi = {10.1128/mra.00807-24},
pmid = {40079640},
issn = {2576-098X},
abstract = {We report the complete genome sequences of five bacteria associated with the marine cyanobacterium Capilliphycus salinus ALCB114379 of the phylum Pseudomonadota. This genetic diversity offers insights into the cyanosphere, shedding light on potential relationships between these microorganisms and their cyanobacterial hosts.},
}
@article {pmid40079134,
year = {2025},
author = {Fan, JW and Chen, M and Tian, F and Yao, R and Qin, NN and Wu, WH and Turner, NC and Li, FM and Du, YL},
title = {Root morphology, exudate patterns, and mycorrhizal symbiosis are determinants to improve phosphorus acquisition in alfalfa.},
journal = {Journal of experimental botany},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/jxb/eraf107},
pmid = {40079134},
issn = {1460-2431},
abstract = {Differences in phosphorus (P) utilisation efficiency (PUtE) and/or yield are closely linked to differences in root functional traits under low soil P availability. However, our understanding of how soil P availability mediates the intraspecific variation in root functional traits for breeding high-P efficiency genotypes to increase PUtE and yield remains limited. We investigated that plant growth parameters and pivotal root functional traits associated with P acquisition in 20 alfalfa genotypes with contrasting P efficiencies and supplied with low, medium or high levels of P. We observed that tradeoffs occurred in root functional traits among alfalfa genotypes under low-P stress. High-P efficiency genotypes displayed higher shoot biomass and PUtE by relying on thicker and more robust roots, elevated concentrations of carboxylate exudates and enhanced colonisation by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. In contrast, low-P efficiency genotypes exhibited a relatively high root-to-shoot ratio and primarily depended on higher tissue P concentrations but relatively slender roots along with comparatively high rhizosphere pH. Consequently, high PUtE and productivity under low-P conditions among alfalfa can be identified by screening for a phenotype with thick roots, increased exudate concentrations and mycorrhizal colonisation, opening up the potential for breeding for P-efficient lines in breeding programs.},
}
@article {pmid40078631,
year = {2025},
author = {Hami, A and El Attar, I and Mghazli, N and Ennajeh, S and Ait-Ouakrim, EH and Bennis, M and Oulghazi, S and Badaoui, B and Aurag, J and Sbabou, L and Taha, K},
title = {Enhancing drought tolerance in Pisum sativum and Vicia faba through interspecific interactions with a mixed inoculum of Rhizobium laguerreae and non-host beneficial rhizobacteria.},
journal = {Frontiers in plant science},
volume = {16},
number = {},
pages = {1528923},
pmid = {40078631},
issn = {1664-462X},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Harnessing plant growth-promoting rhizobia presents a sustainable and cost-effective method to enhance crop performance, particularly under drought stress. This study evaluates the variability of plant growth-promoting (PGP) traits among three strains of Rhizobium laguerreae LMR575, LMR571, and LMR655, and two native PGP strains Bacillus LMR698 and Enterobacter aerogenes LMR696. The primary objective was to assess the host range specificity of these strains and their effectiveness in improving drought tolerance in three legume species: Pisum sativum, Vicia faba, and Phaseolus vulgaris.<br><br>METHODS: In-vitro experiments were conducted to assess the PGP traits of the selected strains, including phosphate solubilization, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) production, and siderophore production. Greenhouse trials were also performed using a mixed inoculum of performing strains to evaluate their effects on plant physiological and biochemical traits under drought conditions.<br><br>RESULTS: Significant variability in PGP traits was observed among the strains. R. laguerreae LMR655 exhibited the highest phosphate solubilization (113.85 mg mL[-1] PO4 [2-]), while R. laguerreae LMR571 produced the highest IAA concentration (25.37 mg mL[-1]). E. aerogenes LMR696 demonstrated 82% siderophore production. Symbiotic interactions varied, with R. laguerreae LMR571 and LMR655 forming associations with P. sativum and V. faba, but none establishing compatibility with P. vulgaris. Greenhouse experiments showed that a mixed inoculum of R. laguerreae LMR571, LMR655, and E. aerogenes LMR696 significantly improved proline, total soluble sugars, proteins, and chlorophyll content under drought stress, with V. faba showing the strongest response.<br><br>DISCUSSION: These findings highlight the importance of strain selection based on host specificity and PGP potential. The enhanced drought tolerance observed suggests that tailored microbial inoculants can improve legume resilience in water-limited environments. This study provides valuable insights for optimizing bioinoculant formulations to enhance crop performance under drought stress.},
}
@article {pmid40078547,
year = {2025},
author = {Peng, T and Yang, T and Sha, J and Zhao, J and Shi, J},
title = {Dynamics of endophytic fungi composition in paris polyphylla var. chinensis (franch.) hara seeds during storage and growth, and responses of seedlings to phytohormones.},
journal = {Frontiers in microbiology},
volume = {16},
number = {},
pages = {1540651},
pmid = {40078547},
issn = {1664-302X},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Endophytic fungi exhibit diverse interactions with plants, from pathogenic to mutualistic symbiosis, and the community composition is regulated by phytohormones. Yet, the composition and dynamics of endophytic fungi in Paris polyphylla var. chinensis (Franch.) Hara (PPC) during fresh seed (FD), sand-stored seed (SSD), and seedling (SS) stages remain unclear. Similarly, the overall impact of phytohormones on the management of endophytic fungal communities is yet to be elucidated.<br><br>METHODS: We carried out a pot experiment to examine the effects of various stages of PPC seeds and the external addition of three phytohormones, namely, melatonin (MT), strigolactone (SL), and 24-epibrassinolide (BR) on the endophytic fungi of PPC seedlings. This was done through internal transcribed spacer (ITS) amplicon sequencing.<br><br>RESULTS: The study of the endophytic fungal microbiome in FD, SSD, and SS stages of PPC revealed an increased richness and diversity of fungi during the SS stage, with significant changes in community composition observed. We found that Sordariomycetes played a crucial role in this process, potentially contributing to the establishment and growth of PPC seedlings. Additionally, this study investigated the influence of phytohormones on the phenotypic and physiological characteristics of PPC and its endophytic fungal community. Our results demonstrated that MT and SL significantly increased PPC biomass by 69.32 and 15.23%, respectively, while 2 mg/L of BR hindered the growth of PPC roots. MT, SL, and BR not only induced significant changes in the composition and diversity of the endophytic fungal community in PPC but also affected biomass potentially through specific regulation of potential biomarkers. Furthermore, phytohormones were shown to indirectly modify the endophytic fungal community by altering antioxidant system in plants.<br><br>CONCLUSION: This study provides novel insights into the dynamic changes of microbial communities in the FD, SSD, and SS stages. Furthermore, the differences among various phytohormones ultimately enhance our predictive understanding of how to directly or indirectly manipulate the plant microbiome to improve plant health.},
}
@article {pmid40077886,
year = {2025},
author = {Dopffel, N and Mayers, K and Kedir, A and An-Stepec, BA and Beeder, J and Hoth, S},
title = {Exploring Microbiological Dynamics in a Salt Cavern for Potential Hydrogen Storage Use.},
journal = {Environmental microbiology reports},
volume = {17},
number = {2},
pages = {e70064},
pmid = {40077886},
issn = {1758-2229},
support = {//Equinor ASA/ ; },
mesh = {*Hydrogen/metabolism ; *Bacteria/genetics/classification/isolation &amp; purification/metabolism ; *Archaea/genetics/classification/metabolism/isolation &amp; purification ; *RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics ; Salts/chemistry/metabolism ; Phylogeny ; Microbiota ; },
abstract = {Hydrogen storage in salt caverns is important for supporting the energy transition. However, there is limited knowledge about microbial communities within these caverns and associated risks of hydrogen loss. In this study we characterised a salt-saturated brine from a salt cavern and found a high sulphate content (4.2 g/L) and low carbon content (84.9 mg/L inorganic, 7.61 mg/L organic). The brine contained both Bacteria and Archaea, and 16S rRNA gene analysis revealed a halophilic community with members of Acetohalobium, Thiohalorhabdus, Salinibacter and up to 40% of unknown sequences. Within the Archaea, Euryarchaeota and the symbiotic Nanohaloarcheaota were dominant. Growth experiments showed that some microbes are resistant to autoclaving and pass through 0.22 μm filters. Heyndrickxia-related colonies grew on aerobic plates up to 10% salt, indicating the presence of inactive spores. The highest anaerobic activity was observed at 30°C, including glucose- and yeast extract fermentation, hydrogen-oxidation, lactate-utilisation, methane- and acetate-formation and sulphate-reduction, which was observed up to 80°C. However, microbial activity was slow, with incubations taking up to 1 year to measure microbial products. This study indicates that artificial salt caverns are an extreme environment containing potential hydrogen-consuming microbes.},
}
@article {pmid40076705,
year = {2025},
author = {Song, F and Ji, C and Wang, T and Zhang, Z and Duan, Y and Yu, M and Song, X and Jiang, Y and He, L and Wang, Z and Ma, X and Zhang, Y and Pan, Z and Wu, L},
title = {Genome-Wide Identification, Expression, and Protein Interaction of GRAS Family Genes During Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbiosis in Poncirus trifoliata.},
journal = {International journal of molecular sciences},
volume = {26},
number = {5},
pages = {},
pmid = {40076705},
issn = {1422-0067},
support = {32102309//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 2024BBB085//Hubei Province Technology Innovation Plan Project/ ; 2024EBA005//Hubei Province Rural Revitalization Science and Technology Demonstration Project/ ; HBZY2023B00501//Hubei Province Supporting High Quality Development Fund Project for Seed Industry/ ; 2024-620-000-001-023//Hubei Provincial Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Fund/ ; 2024//Hubei Province Citrus Industry Chain Science and Technology Research Project/ ; },
mesh = {*Mycorrhizae/genetics/physiology ; *Poncirus/genetics/microbiology/metabolism ; *Symbiosis/genetics ; *Plant Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; *Multigene Family ; *Phylogeny ; Genome, Plant ; Genome-Wide Association Study ; },
abstract = {Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi establish mutualistic symbiosis with most land plants, facilitating mineral nutrient uptake in exchange for photosynthates. As one of the most commercially used rootstocks in citrus, Poncirus trifoliata heavily depends on AM fungi for nutrient absorption. The GRAS gene family plays essential roles in plant growth and development, signaling transduction, and responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. However, the identification and functional characterization of GRAS family genes in P. trifoliata remains largely unexplored. In this study, a comprehensive genome-wide analysis of PtGRAS family genes was conducted, including their identification, physicochemical properties, phylogenetic relationships, gene structures, conserved domains, chromosome localization, and collinear relationships. Additionally, the expression profiles and protein interaction of these genes under AM symbiosis were systematically investigated. As a result, 41 GRAS genes were identified in the P. trifoliata genome, and classified into nine distinct clades. Collinearity analysis revealed seven segmental duplications but no tandem duplications, suggesting that segmental duplication played a more important role in the expansion of the PtGRAS gene family compared to tandem duplication. Additionally, 18 PtGRAS genes were differentially expressed in response to AM symbiosis, including orthologs of RAD1, RAM1, and DELLA3 in P. trifoliata. Yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) screening further revealed that PtGRAS6 and PtGRAS20 interacted with both PtGRAS12 and PtGRAS18, respectively. The interactions were subsequently validated through bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) assays. These findings underscored the crucial role of GRAS genes in AM symbiosis in P. trifoliata, and provided valuable candidate genes for improving nutrient uptake and stress resistance in citrus rootstocks through molecular breeding approaches.},
}
@article {pmid40076650,
year = {2025},
author = {Charitos, IA and Scacco, S and Cotoia, A and Castellaneta, F and Castellana, G and Pasqualotto, F and Venneri, M and Ferrulli, A and Aliani, M and Santacroce, L and Carone, M},
title = {Intestinal Microbiota Dysbiosis Role and Bacterial Translocation as a Factor for Septic Risk.},
journal = {International journal of molecular sciences},
volume = {26},
number = {5},
pages = {},
pmid = {40076650},
issn = {1422-0067},
mesh = {Humans ; *Dysbiosis/microbiology ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; *Bacterial Translocation ; *Sepsis/microbiology ; Animals ; },
abstract = {The human immune system is closely linked to microbiota such as a complex symbiotic relationship during the coevolution of vertebrates and microorganisms. The transfer of microorganisms from the mother's microbiota to the newborn begins before birth during gestation and is considered the initial phase of the intestinal microbiota (IM). The gut is an important site where microorganisms can establish colonies. The IM contains polymicrobial communities, which show complex interactions with diet and host immunity. The tendency towards dysbiosis of the intestinal microbiota is influenced by local but also extra-intestinal factors such as inflammatory processes, infections, or a septic state that can aggravate it. Pathogens could trigger an immune response, such as proinflammatory responses. In addition, changes in the host immune system also influence the intestinal community and structure with additional translocation of pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacteria. Finally, local intestinal inflammation has been found to be an important factor in the growth of pathogenic microorganisms, particularly in its role in sepsis. The aim of this article is to be able to detect the current knowledge of the mechanisms that can lead to dysbiosis of the intestinal microbiota and that can cause bacterial translocation with a risk of infection or septic state and vice versa.},
}
@article {pmid40076548,
year = {2025},
author = {Ahmed, W and Wang, Y and Ji, W and Liu, S and Zhou, S and Pan, J and Li, Z and Wang, F and Wang, X},
title = {Unraveling the Mechanism of the Endophytic Bacterial Strain Pseudomonas oryzihabitans GDW1 in Enhancing Tomato Plant Growth Through Modulation of the Host Transcriptome and Bacteriome.},
journal = {International journal of molecular sciences},
volume = {26},
number = {5},
pages = {},
pmid = {40076548},
issn = {1422-0067},
support = {32350410423//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; },
mesh = {*Solanum lycopersicum/microbiology/growth &amp; development/genetics ; *Pseudomonas/genetics ; *Endophytes/genetics ; *Transcriptome ; Plant Growth Regulators/metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Plant Development/genetics ; Plant Roots/microbiology/growth &amp; development/genetics ; Gene Expression Profiling/methods ; },
abstract = {Endophytic Pseudomonas species from agricultural crops have been extensively studied for their plant-growth-promoting (PGP) potential, but little is known about their PGP potential when isolated from perennial trees. This study investigated the plant-growth-promoting (PGP) potential of an endophyte, Pseudomonas oryzihabitans GDW1, isolated from a healthy pine tree by taking tomato as a host plant. We employed multiomics approaches (transcriptome and bacteriome analyses) to elucidate the underlying PGP mechanisms of GDW1. The results of greenhouse experiments revealed that the application of GDW1 significantly improved tomato plant growth, increasing shoot length, root length, fresh weight, and biomass accumulation by up to 44%, 38%, 54%, and 59%, respectively, compared with control. Transcriptomic analysis revealed 1158 differentially expressed genes significantly enriched in the plant hormone signaling (auxin, gibberellin, and cytokinin) and stress response (plant-pathogen interaction, MAPK signaling pathway-plant, and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis) pathways. Protein-protein interaction network analysis revealed nine hub genes (MAPK10, ARF19-1, SlCKX1, GA2ox2, PAL5, SlWRKY37, GH3.6, XTH3, and NML1) related to stress tolerance, hormone control, and plant defense. Analysis of the tomato root bacteriome through 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing revealed that GDW1 inoculation dramatically altered the root bacterial community structure, enhancing the diversity and abundance of beneficial taxa (Proteobacteria and Bacteroidota). Co-occurrence network analysis showed a complex bacterial network in treated plants, suggesting increasingly intricate microbial relationships and improved nutrient absorption. Additionally, FAPROTAX and PICRUSt2 functional prediction analyses suggested the role of GDW1 in nitrogen cycling, organic matter degradation, plant growth promotion, and stress resistance. In conclusion, this study provides novel insights into the symbiotic relationship between P. oryzihabitans GDW1 and tomato plants, highlighting its potential as a biofertilizer for sustainable agriculture and a means of reducing the reliance on agrochemicals.},
}
@article {pmid40075352,
year = {2025},
author = {Liu, Y and Ran, L and Wang, Y and Xia, Y},
title = {The symbiotic effect of online searches and vaccine administration-a nonlinear correlation analysis of baidu index and vaccine administration data.},
journal = {BMC public health},
volume = {25},
number = {1},
pages = {975},
pmid = {40075352},
issn = {1471-2458},
support = {2023JSYJC20//Ministry of Public Security Technology Research Program/ ; 2023JSYJC20//Ministry of Public Security Technology Research Program/ ; 2023JSYJC20//Ministry of Public Security Technology Research Program/ ; 2023JSYJC20//Ministry of Public Security Technology Research Program/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *Internet ; Vaccines/administration &amp; dosage ; Vaccination/statistics &amp; numerical data ; Information Seeking Behavior ; Logistic Models ; Nonlinear Dynamics ; },
abstract = {This study primarily addresses the analytical problem of the mathematical mechanism underlying the associative impact between online searches and vaccine uptake, a relationship that has become increasingly relevant in the context of public health management. As internet search behaviors reflect public interest and sentiment, understanding their impact on vaccination trends is crucial for real-time health decision-making. A Logistic model is constructed to observe the fundamental evolutionary patterns between online searches and vaccine uptake. To explore their mutual influence, an impact function is defined, and the common structural factors with the highest fitness are determined through data fitting. Subsequently, a dynamic detection model of the associative impact between online data and societal objects, based on the mathematical mechanism, is established. Using this model, dynamic predictions are conducted to verify its predictive capability at certain stages. Through research, a symbiotic effect between online searches and vaccine uptake is identified, revealing a nonlinear correlation between the two. The model demonstrates the ability to predict vaccine uptake trends based on online search data, with certain prediction windows showing high accuracy. This research not only clarifies the mathematical mechanism underlying this relationship but also demonstrates the advantage of integrated analysis and prediction. It provides a new method for predicting online searches and vaccine uptake, offering theoretical and empirical support for public health and social science research.},
}
@article {pmid40074247,
year = {2025},
author = {Tong, CY and Tomita, H and Miyazaki, K and Derek, CJC and Honda, K},
title = {KEIO knockout collection reveals metabolomic crosstalk in Chlorella spp.-Escherichia coli co-cultures.},
journal = {Journal of phycology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/jpy.70001},
pmid = {40074247},
issn = {1529-8817},
support = {JPMJGX23B4//Japan Science and Technology Agency/ ; },
abstract = {The interdependence between microalgae and bacteria has sparked scientific interest over years, primarily driven by the practical applications of microalgal-bacteria consortia in wastewater treatment and algal biofuel production. Although adequate studies have focused on the broad interactions and general behavior between the two entities, there remains a scarcity of study on the metabolic role of symbiotic bacteria in promoting microalgal growth. Here, we use the KEIO Knockout Collection, an Escherichia coli gene knockout mutant library, to systematically screen for genes involved in the interdependence of Chlorella sorokiniana and E. coli. By co-cultivating C. sorokiniana and E. coli knockout mutants in 96-well microplates (200 μL medium per well) under white light at 25°C, 31 potential algal growth-promoting and 56 growth-inhibiting genes out of 3985 genes were identified that enhanced (≥1.25-fold) and diminished (≤0.8-fold) the production of algal chlorophyll-a content, respectively. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) mapping of these growth-regulating genes suggested a metabolic symbiosis involving bacteria-derived cobalamin (cobU, cobC), biotin (bioB, bioF, bioC, bioD, fabF, fabH), riboflavin (fbp, guaB, gnd, guaA, zwf, purA), and 2,3-butanediol (fumB, adhE, mdh, frdB, pta, sdhC). The effects of these metabolites were further validated by supplementing the agents into the axenic algal cultures; Dose-dependent trends were observed for each metabolite, with a maximum four-fold increase in algal biomass productivity over the control. The specific growth rate of algae was increased by ≥1.27-fold and doubling time was shortened by ≥22.5%. The present results, obtained through genome-wide analyses of interdependence between microalgae and bacteria, reveals multiple interactions between organisms via metabolites.},
}
@article {pmid40073737,
year = {2025},
author = {Shi, F and He, X and Cao, M and Wu, R and Zhang, B and Xu, T and Jiang, M and Song, F},
title = {Strategies for plant-microbe symbiosis: Mycorrhizal fungi and helper bacteria to improve cold tolerance in rice.},
journal = {Plant physiology and biochemistry : PPB},
volume = {222},
number = {},
pages = {109741},
doi = {10.1016/j.plaphy.2025.109741},
pmid = {40073737},
issn = {1873-2690},
abstract = {Cold stress is a limiting factor for rice yield. Empirical evidence has demonstrated that arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can bolster the cold resilience of plants. In barren environments, AMF can promote host plant growth and resistance. However, whether the addition of mycorrhizal helper bacteria (MHB) can further enhance AMF's ability to improve cold tolerance in plants remains unclear. In this study, we set up an uninoculated group, a separately inoculated group, and a compound inoculated group and incubated rice at 25 °C until the three-leaf stage, and then each group was equally divided into four portions for treatment at 25 °C, 12 °C, 8 °C, and 4 °C, respectively. The results showed that: (1) Under cold stress conditions, the biomass of rice plants inoculated with AMF was significantly higher than that of the non-inoculated group; (2) AMF and MHB effectively activated the antioxidant enzyme system in rice plants and improved their osmoregulatory capacity under cold stress; (3) The presence of AMF and MHB stimulated and modulated the upregulation of genes related to photosynthesis and cold tolerance in rice plants, thereby enhancing their resilience against cold stress. Our findings corroborate that MHB can further enhance the cold tolerance of rice by promoting the functions of AMF. This study lays the foundation for expanding rice cultivation areas, and ensuring food production security.},
}
@article {pmid40073500,
year = {2025},
author = {Favaretto, F and Matsumura, EE and Ferriol, I and Chitarra, W and Nerva, L},
title = {The four Ws of viruses: Where, Which, What and Why - A deep dive into viral evolution.},
journal = {Virology},
volume = {606},
number = {},
pages = {110476},
doi = {10.1016/j.virol.2025.110476},
pmid = {40073500},
issn = {1096-0341},
abstract = {For centuries, humanity has been captivated by evolution, seeking to unravel the origins of life and identify past patterns with future applications. Viruses, despite their obligate parasitic nature, are the most adaptable biological entities, surpassing cellular life in their variability and adaptability. While many theories about viral evolution exist, a consensus on their origins remains elusive. The quasispecies theory, however, has emerged as a leading framework for understanding viral evolution and, indirectly, their variability and adaptability. This theory illuminates how viruses regulate behaviours such as host range and their symbiotic or antagonistic interactions with hosts. This review delves into the most substantiated theories of viral evolution, addressing four fundamental questions relevant to virus ecology: Where did viruses originate? What factors drive viral evolution? What determines the virus host range? And why do viruses adopt pathogenic or mutualistic strategies? We will provide a comprehensive and up-to-date analysis that integrates diverse theoretical perspectives with empirical data, providing a holistic view of viral evolution and its implications for viral behaviour.},
}
@article {pmid40073061,
year = {2025},
author = {Dendene, S and Xue, S and Mohammedi, R and Vieillard, A and Nicoud, Q and Valette, O and Frascella, A and Bonnardel, A and Le Bars, R and Bourge, M and Mergaert, P and Brilli, M and Alunni, B and Biondi, EG},
title = {Sinorhizobium meliloti FcrX coordinates cell cycle and division during free-living growth and symbiosis by a ClpXP-dependent mechanism.},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
volume = {122},
number = {11},
pages = {e2412367122},
doi = {10.1073/pnas.2412367122},
pmid = {40073061},
issn = {1091-6490},
support = {ANR-21-CE20-0040//Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR)/ ; ANR-17-CE20-0011//Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR)/ ; ANR-10-INBS-04-01//Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR)/ ; ANR-17-EUR-0007//Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR)/ ; },
mesh = {*Sinorhizobium meliloti/metabolism/genetics/physiology ; *Symbiosis ; *Bacterial Proteins/metabolism/genetics ; *Cell Division ; *Cell Cycle ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial ; Cytoskeletal Proteins/metabolism/genetics ; Endopeptidase Clp/metabolism/genetics ; },
abstract = {Sinorhizobium meliloti is a soil bacterium that establishes a nitrogen-fixing symbiosis within root nodules of legumes. In this symbiosis, S. meliloti undergoes a drastic cellular change leading to a terminally differentiated form, called bacteroid, characterized by genome endoreduplication, increased cell size, and high membrane permeability. Bacterial cell cycle (mis)regulation is at the heart of this differentiation process. In free-living cells, the master regulator CtrA ensures the progression of cell cycle by activating cell division (controlled by FtsZ) and inhibiting DNA replication, while on the other hand the so far poorly unknown downregulation of CtrA and FtsZ is essential for bacteroid differentiation. Here, we combine cell biology, biochemistry, and bacterial genetics to understand the functions of FcrX, a factor that controls both CtrA and FtsZ in free-living growth and in symbiosis. Depletion of the essential gene fcrX led to abnormally high levels of FtsZ and CtrA and minicell formation. Using multiple complementary techniques, we showed that FcrX may interact with FtsZ and CtrA. Moreover, fcrX transcription is directly controlled by CtrA itself and the FcrX protein displays a cell cycle-dependent pattern. We showed further that FcrX also binds the degradosome complex ClpXP and its adaptors CpdR1 and RcdA, and that CtrA degradation efficiency depends on FcrX. We further showed that, despite weak homology with FliJ-like proteins, only FcrX proteins from closely related species are able to complement S. meliloti fcrX function. Finally, deregulation of FcrX showed abnormal symbiotic behaviors in plants suggesting a putative role of this factor during bacteroid differentiation.},
}
@article {pmid40072696,
year = {2025},
author = {Courty, PE and Fromentin, J and Martine, L and Durney, C and Martin Desbouis, C and Wipf, D and Acar, N and Gerbeau-Pissot, P},
title = {The C24-methyl/ethyl sterol ratio is increased by Rhizophagus irregularis colonization.},
journal = {Mycorrhiza},
volume = {35},
number = {2},
pages = {20},
pmid = {40072696},
issn = {1432-1890},
support = {BIOTOMIC N&#xb0; 1234//TRANSBIO Graduate School/ ; BIOTOMIC N&#xb0; 1234//TRANSBIO Graduate School/ ; BIOTOMIC N&#xb0; 1234//TRANSBIO Graduate School/ ; BIOTOMIC N&#xb0; 1234//TRANSBIO Graduate School/ ; BIOTOMIC N&#xb0; 1234//TRANSBIO Graduate School/ ; BIOTOMIC N&#xb0; 1234//TRANSBIO Graduate School/ ; },
mesh = {*Mycorrhizae/physiology ; *Sterols/metabolism/analysis ; Symbiosis ; Plant Roots/microbiology/metabolism ; Phylogeny ; Glomeromycota/physiology ; Fungi ; },
abstract = {Plant-microorganism interactions underlie many ecosystem roles, in particular the enhancement of plant nutrition through mutualistic relationships, such as the arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis that affects a large proportion of land plants. The establishment of this interaction induces a wide range of signaling pathways in which lipids, and particularly sterols, may play a central role. However, their supported functions are poorly known. We performed a study on eleven model plants (banana, barrelclover, flax, grapevine, maize, pea, poplar, potato, rice, sorghum and tomato) to measure the sterol content and characterize the sterol composition of roots that were either non-colonized or colonized by the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal model Rhizophagus irregularis DAOM197198. Our results reveal a systematic increase in the content of C24-methyl sterols in crude extracts of colonized roots as compared to non-colonized roots. In addition, the transcripts of SMT1 and SMT2 (which encode enzymes that produce C24-methyl and C24-ethyl sterols, respectively) were differentially accumulated in colonized plant roots. No common regulation pattern was observed among plants. The phylogenetic relationship of members of the SMT1 and SMT2 families in more than 100 fully sequenced genomes of plants, ferns, mosses, algae and fungi has allowed the identification of unambiguous clades. Our results therefore highlight a conserved arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis-dependent regulation of the root sterol composition in angiosperms, with some plant specificities.},
}
@article {pmid40069896,
year = {2025},
author = {Machado, RAR and Abolafia, J and Robles, MC and Ruiz-Cuenca, AN and Bhat, AH and Shokoohi, E and Půža, V and Zhang, X and Erb, M and Robert, CAM and Hibbard, B},
title = {Description of Heterorhabditis americana n. sp. (Rhabditida, Heterorhabditidae), a new entomopathogenic nematode species isolated in North America.},
journal = {Parasites &amp; vectors},
volume = {18},
number = {1},
pages = {101},
pmid = {40069896},
issn = {1756-3305},
support = {186094//Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F&#xf6;rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung/ ; 155781/SNSF_/Swiss National Science Foundation/Switzerland ; 155781/SNSF_/Swiss National Science Foundation/Switzerland ; 189071/SNSF_/Swiss National Science Foundation/Switzerland ; ERC-2019-STG949595/ERC_/European Research Council/International ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Phylogeny ; Male ; Female ; *Rhabditida/anatomy &amp; histology/classification/genetics/isolation &amp; purification ; *Symbiosis ; North America ; Soil/parasitology ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Heterorhabditis are important biological control agents in agriculture. Two Heterorhabditis populations, S8 and S10, were isolated from agricultural soils in the United States of America. Molecular analyses, based on mitochondrial and nuclear genes, showed that these populations are conspecific and represent a novel species of the "Bacteriophora" clade. This species was named Heterorhabditis americana n. sp. and is described in this study.<br><br>METHODS: To describe H. americana n. sp., we carried out phylogenetic reconstructions using multiple genes, characterized their morphology, conducted self-crossing and cross-hybridization experiments, and isolated and identified their symbiotic bacteria.<br><br>RESULTS: Heterorhabditis americana n. sp. is molecularly and morphologically similar to H. georgiana. Morphological differences between the males of H. americana n. sp. and H. georgiana include variations in the excretory pore position, the gubernaculum size, the gubernaculum-to-spicule length ratio, the tail length, and the body diameter. Infective juveniles (IJs) of H. americana n. sp. differ from H. georgiana IJs because H. americana n. sp. IJs have an invisible bacterial cell pouch posterior to the cardia and a small posterior phasmid, whereas H. georgiana IJs have a visible bacterial cell pouch and an inconspicuous phasmid. Hermaphrodites of H. americana n. sp. and H. georgiana are differentiated by the body length, the nerve ring distance from the anterior end, the excretory pore distance from the anterior end, the anal body diameter, and the c' ratio. Females of H. americana n. sp. can be differentiated from H. georgiana females by the anal body diameter and the c' ratio. Reproductive isolation was confirmed, as H. americana n. sp. does not produce viable offspring with any of the species of the "Bacteriophora" clade. Heterorhabditis americana n. sp. is associated with the symbiotic bacterium Photorhabdus kleinii.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Based on the observed morphological and morphometric differences, the distinct phylogenetic placement, and the reproductive isolation, the nematode isolates S8 and S10 represent a novel species, which we named Heterorhabditis americana n. sp. This study provides a detailed characterization of this novel species, contributing to enhancing our knowledge of species diversity and evolutionary relationships of the Heterorhabditis genus.},
}
@article {pmid40069476,
year = {2025},
author = {Murthy, MK},
title = {Environmental dynamics of pesticides: sources, impacts on amphibians, nanoparticles, and endophytic microorganism remediation.},
journal = {Environmental science and pollution research international},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {40069476},
issn = {1614-7499},
abstract = {Pesticides, which are widely used in agriculture, have elicited notable environmental concern because they persist and may be toxic. The environmental dynamics of pesticides were reviewed with a focus on their sources, impacts on amphibians, and imminent remediation options. Pesticides are directly applied in ecosystems, run off into water bodies, are deposited in the atmosphere, and often accumulate in the soil and water bodies. Pesticide exposure is particularly problematic for amphibians, which are sensitive indicators of the environment's health and suffer from physiological, behavioral, and developmental disruption that has "pushed them to the brink of extinction." Finally, this review discusses the nanoparticles that can be used to tackle pesticide pollution. However, nanoparticles with large surface areas and reactivity have the potential to degrade or adsorb pesticide residues during sustainable remediation processes. Symbiotic microbes living inside plants, known as endophytic microorganisms, can detoxify pesticides. Reducing pesticide bioavailability improves plant resilience by increasing the number of metabolizing microorganisms. Synergy between nanoparticle technology and endophytic microorganisms can mitigate pesticide contamination. Results show that Interdisciplinary research is necessary to improve the application of these strategies to minimize the ecological risk of pesticides. Eco-friendly remediation techniques that promote sustainable agricultural practices, while protecting amphibian populations and ecosystem health, have advanced our understanding of pesticide dynamics.},
}
@article {pmid40068937,
year = {2025},
author = {Da-Anoy, J and Toyama, K and Jasnos, O and Wong, A and Gilmore, TD and Davies, SW},
title = {Microbial Depletion is Associated with Slower Cnidarian Regeneration.},
journal = {Integrative and comparative biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/icb/icaf007},
pmid = {40068937},
issn = {1557-7023},
abstract = {Microbiomes play an important role in physiology and development in cnidarians, but how these communities influence tissue regeneration is poorly understood. Here, we examined the effects of antibiotic exposure on regeneration and microbial communities in two cnidarian models, the sea anemones Nematostella vectensis (non-symbiotic, hereafter, Nematostella) and Exaiptasia diaphana (symbiotic, hereafter, Aiptasia). Bisected animals were incubated in either sterile or antibiotic-treated artificial seawater for seven days and regeneration was monitored daily. After seven days, tentacle number and length were measured, and microbial communities were profiled using metabarcoding of the V4 region of the 16S rRNA. Microbiome disruption was observed under antibiotic treatment in both species, resulting in decreased microbial load and shifts in relative abundances of certain microbial taxa. Nematostella exhibited a greater reduction in microbial diversity and community shifts under antibiotic exposure, whereas Aiptasia showed only moderate changes in diversity. In both species, microbiome disruption was associated with slower regeneration rates and reduced tentacle number and length, suggesting a functional role for the microbiome in anemone regeneration. Our findings suggest that host-microbiome interactions in both symbiotic and aposymbiotic anemones are important for the maintenance of regenerative processes. These findings provide insight into how cnidarians and their microbiomes respond to environmental stressors, with implications for predicting cnidarian resilience in the context of emerging threats to the marine environment.},
}
@article {pmid40068607,
year = {2025},
author = {Chung, WS and Kurniawan, ND and Marshall, NJ and Cortesi, F},
title = {Blue-lined octopus Hapalochlaena fasciata males envenomate females to facilitate copulation.},
journal = {Current biology : CB},
volume = {35},
number = {5},
pages = {R169-R170},
doi = {10.1016/j.cub.2025.01.027},
pmid = {40068607},
issn = {1879-0445},
mesh = {Animals ; *Octopodiformes/physiology ; Male ; Female ; *Copulation ; *Tetrodotoxin/toxicity ; Predatory Behavior ; },
abstract = {A variety of phylogenetically distant taxa, including flatworms, mollusks, amphibians, and fishes, use the deadly neurotoxin tetrodotoxin (TTX) for predation and defense[1]. A well-known example is the blue-lined octopus, Hapalochlaena fasciata (Hoyle, 1886), which uses symbiotic bacteria to sequester TTX in its posterior salivary glands (PSG)[2]. When it bites, the TTX-laden saliva immobilizes large prey and has caused lethal envenomation in a few incidents involving humans[3]. Female blue-lined octopuses are about twice the size of males, which bears the risk of males being cannibalized during reproduction[4]. Surprisingly, we found that the PSG of males is roughly three times heavier than that of females. Using laboratory mating experiments, we show that males use a high-precision bite that targets the female's aorta to inject TTX at the start of copulation. Envenomating the females renders them immobile, enabling the males to mate successfully.},
}
@article {pmid40067963,
year = {2025},
author = {Zhu, Y and Cao, Y and Jiang, L and Wang, P and Cheng, G},
title = {Interactions Between Commensal Microbes and Mosquito-Borne Viruses.},
journal = {Annual review of virology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1146/annurev-virology-092623-101222},
pmid = {40067963},
issn = {2327-0578},
abstract = {Emerging and re-emerging mosquito-borne viruses pose a significant threat to global public health. Unfortunately, effective preventive and therapeutic measures are scarce. An in-depth understanding of the mechanisms regulating viral pathogenesis, vector competence, and viral transmission between mammalian hosts and vectors may lay the foundations for new preventive and therapeutic approaches. Here, we summarize the intricate interactions between commensal microbes and mosquito-borne viruses in mammalian hosts and mosquitoes, including how the host gut microbiota influences the pathogenesis of viral infection; how the host skin microbiota affects the attractiveness of hosts to mosquitoes and viral transmission; and how symbiotic microbes, including endosymbiotic bacteria, fungi, and insect-specific viruses in mosquitoes, regulate viral transmission through gut immune regulation and microbe-derived effectors. In addition, we discuss the potential of symbiotic microbe-based interventions to suppress the transmission of mosquito-borne viral diseases.},
}
@article {pmid40066981,
year = {2025},
author = {Velaz, M and Santesteban, LG and Torres, N},
title = {Mycorrhizae and grapevines: the known unknowns of their interaction for wine growers´ challenges.},
journal = {Journal of experimental botany},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/jxb/eraf081},
pmid = {40066981},
issn = {1460-2431},
abstract = {Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) play an important role in grapevine production systems. However, little is known about how this relationship is achieved in the nursery and how soil management might modify it and its derived benefits. Here, we review the current knowledge on the establishment of grapevine-AMF relationships from the nursery to the field, the main factors that affect the effectiveness of the symbiosis, the potential role of AMF as biostimulants in grapevine production systems, and the future perspectives of their use in the current context of climate change. The process of establishing mycorrhizal symbiosis is complex, and the molecular dialogue between the plant roots and the fungus is still not yet fully understood. During vine plant production, rooting occurs in nurseries, where spontaneous symbiosis can be generated. The effectiveness of mycorrhizal symbiosis appears to depend not only on the identity of the fungus but also the diversity of the vine material and soil management. Finally, the use of AMF as biostimulants might be an effective strategy to face the new climatic scenario, but further research dealing with the application of AMF inocula and the protection of native cohorts should be conducted.},
}
@article {pmid40066462,
year = {2025},
author = {Swain, SS and Nayak, S and Mishra, S and Ghana, M and Dash, D},
title = {Exploring the plant growth promoting attributes of pteridophyte-associated microbiome for agricultural sustainability.},
journal = {Physiology and molecular biology of plants : an international journal of functional plant biology},
volume = {31},
number = {2},
pages = {211-232},
pmid = {40066462},
issn = {0971-5894},
abstract = {Pteridophytes, encompassing ferns and fern allies, are integral components of terrestrial ecosystems worldwide. These vascular plants characterized by their spore-based reproduction, fulfil various ecological roles such as influencing biodiversity, soil stability, nutrient dynamics, and ecological succession. Similar to higher plants, pteridophytes too are known to have close symbiotic associations with a diverse array of microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes. Exploring the microbial diversity in pteridophytes has prospects both in pure and applied research. Research on pteridophyte microbial communities have revealed their role in plant growth promotion, nutrient acquisition and tolerance against stresses. Besides, it would be interesting to unravel the microbial diversity associated with pteridophytes, which are the first vascular plants. Further, study of pteridophytes-associated microbes would also help in conservation programmes of these rare and endangered group of plants. In spite of the immense potential of pteridophyte microbiome, only few studies have been undertaken in this area, thereby creating a huge research gap. Hence, this review compiles pteridophyte microbiome research, and explores its prospects in agricultural sustainability. Our literature survey sheds light on the tremendous potential of pteridophyte-associated microbes as plant growth promoters and biocontrol agents for sustainable agriculture, which is highly relevant in the era of climate change.},
}
@article {pmid40065791,
year = {2025},
author = {Boivin, S and Mahé, F and Debellé, F and Pervent, M and Tancelin, M and Tauzin, M and Wielbo, J and Mazurier, S and Young, P and Lepetit, M},
title = {Corrigendum: Genetic variation in host-specific competitiveness of the symbiont Rhizobium leguminosarum Symbiovar viciae.},
journal = {Frontiers in plant science},
volume = {16},
number = {},
pages = {1542763},
pmid = {40065791},
issn = {1664-462X},
abstract = {[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.719987.].},
}
@article {pmid40065498,
year = {2025},
author = {van Beveren, F and Boele, Y and Puginier, C and Bianconi, ME and Libourel, C and Bonhomme, M and Keller, J and Delaux, PM},
title = {Ectomycorrhizal symbiosis evolved independently and by convergent gene duplication in rosid lineages.},
journal = {The New phytologist},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/nph.70054},
pmid = {40065498},
issn = {1469-8137},
support = {101001675/ERC_/European Research Council/International ; OPP1172165//Enabling Nutrient Symbiosis in Agriculture/ ; ANR-10-LABX-41//Agence Nationale de la Recherche/ ; ANR-18-EURE-0019//Agence Nationale de la Recherche/ ; 101105838//HORIZON EUROPE Marie Sklodowska-Curie Actions/ ; },
}
@article {pmid40063882,
year = {2025},
author = {Ejaz, A and Ali, YA and Afzaal, M and Saeed, F and Ahmed, A and Waliat, S and Farooq, MU and Asghar, A and Ahmed, F and Khan, MR},
title = {Effect of co-encapsulation using white and red onion peel extract on the viability and stability of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus under stressful conditions.},
journal = {PloS one},
volume = {20},
number = {3},
pages = {e0311952},
pmid = {40063882},
issn = {1932-6203},
mesh = {*Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus ; *Onions ; *Plant Extracts/chemistry/pharmacology ; *Probiotics ; Microbial Viability/drug effects ; Alginates/chemistry/pharmacology ; Stress, Physiological/drug effects ; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared ; Capsules ; },
abstract = {The study aimed to probe the effect of white and red onion extract on the viability and stability of encapsulated probiotics under stressed conditions. Intentionally, white and red onion peel extract was obtained and used with wall materials to encapsulate the probiotic. Symbiotic microcapsules were characterized for their morphological, molecular, and in vitro attributes. Similarly, free and co-encapsulated probiotics cells were also subjected to a simulated gastrointestinal assay. The SEM images demonstrated the successful encapsulation of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus within sodium alginate, along with white and red onion extract. The FTIR spectra showed the intermolecular interaction between the components of microcapsules. The in vitro assay showed that co-encapsulated probiotics showed better survival compared to free cells. In a nutshell, the co-encapsulation with red and white onion extract is an effective approach to enhance the viability of probiotics under stressed conditions.},
}
@article {pmid40063589,
year = {2025},
author = {Thu, SW and Tegeder, M},
title = {Enhanced ureide partitioning improves soybean performance under drought stress.},
journal = {Journal of experimental botany},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/jxb/eraf099},
pmid = {40063589},
issn = {1460-2431},
abstract = {Soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) fixes atmospheric nitrogen through a symbiotic relationship with rhizobia in root nodules to produce allantoin and allantoic acid. These ureides serve as primary nitrogen transport compounds moved from nodules to shoot in support of physiological functions and organ growth. Nodule ureide permease 1 (UPS1) is important for this transport process. Drought stress inhibits nitrogen fixation and reduces productivity in soybean, which has been associated with the accumulation of ureides in both nodule and shoot tissues. In this study, it was hypothesized that changes in ureide nodule-to-leaf-to-sink partitioning through manipulation of UPS1 function would alter ureide tissue levels, ultimately influencing soybean responses to drought stress. Soybean plants overexpressing UPS1 (UPS1-OE) were exposed to moderate and severe drought conditions. Changes in organ and phloem ureide levels indicated enhanced nodule-to-shoot ureide transport and increased sink nitrogen supply in the transgenic versus control wild-type plants. We further uncovered improvements in carbon fixation, partitioning and availability for nitrogen fixation, resulting in increased nitrogen gains and better growth of the drought-stressed UPS1-OE lines. Overall, our findings demonstrate that enhanced ureide partitioning not only contributes to improved soybean performance under well-watered conditions, but also under drought stress.},
}
@article {pmid40063179,
year = {2025},
author = {Zhao, Z and Yang, L and Wang, Y and Qian, X and Ding, G and Jacquemyn, H and Xing, X},
title = {Unlocking germination: the role of mycorrhizal strain and seed provenance in driving seed germination of a widespread terrestrial orchid.},
journal = {Mycorrhiza},
volume = {35},
number = {2},
pages = {18},
pmid = {40063179},
issn = {1432-1890},
support = {32170013//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 2021-I2M-1-031//Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Initiative for Innovative Medicine/ ; XZ202201ZY0042G//Science and Technology Program of Xizang Autonomous Region/ ; 2023YFDZ0076//Science and Technology Program of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region/ ; },
mesh = {*Orchidaceae/microbiology/physiology ; *Mycorrhizae/physiology ; *Germination ; *Seeds/microbiology/growth &amp; development ; China ; Phylogeny ; Basidiomycota/physiology ; },
abstract = {Orchids represent an important component of biodiversity in many ecosystems worldwide, notwithstanding their seed germination and distribution may to a large extent be determined and influenced by mycorrhizal fungi. While it is commonly assumed that widespread orchids are mycorrhizal generalists, the degree to which mycorrhizal diversity supports seed germination remains relatively underexplored. In this study, we investigated the role of a variety of Ceratobasidium fungi in supporting seed germination of the widespread terrestrial orchid Gymnadenia conopsea across China. Twelve Ceratobasidium strains isolated from G. conopsea and other orchids were examined for their ability to support germination of G. conopsea seeds collected from twelve sites across China. Of the twelve tested strains, six were able to support seed germination, while the remaining six strains showed no activity. Compatible strains showed a broad phylogenetic breadth, indicating the G. conopsea is capable of initiating associations with a diverse array of Ceratobasidium fungi. However, the six compatible strains differed in their ability to support protocorm formation. Moreover, germination success of seeds collected from different sites differed among Ceratobasidium strains. Seeds from northern China had a significantly higher number of compatible strains (average 5.6) than seeds from southwestern China (average 3.5). Our results suggest that G. conopsea is not only a mycorrhizal generalist in the adult stage but also in the seed germination stage, at least towards Ceratobasidium fungi. However, the significant strain-provenance interactions indicate regional differences in orchid-fungus interactions. These findings are important for improving local population restoration programs and germplasm conservation of this widespread and endangered orchid species.},
}
@article {pmid40063086,
year = {2025},
author = {Herrmann, J and Netsch, C},
title = {[Conflicts of interest in scientific publications and possible consequences : A critical analysis using the example of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)].},
journal = {Urologie (Heidelberg, Germany)},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {40063086},
issn = {2731-7072},
abstract = {Technological advancements in endourology rely on close collaboration between medical expertise and industrial research. While this symbiosis is essential for medical progress, it also raises potential conflicts of interest. Using the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) as an example, this study examines various mechanisms through which industry influences scientific evidence. These include selective study design, industry-sponsored educational events, and direct financial ties between industry and medical professionals. Case studies of Aquablation (ProCePT BioRobotics, San Jose CA, USA), Rezum (Boston Scientific, Marborough, MA, USA), and UroLift® (UroLift, Pleasanton, CA, USA) illustrate how methodological peculiarities in study designs and selective endpoint choices can impact the quality of evidence. The analysis underscores the need to balance technological innovation with the preservation of scientific independence. Proposed solutions include strengthening independent research funding, systematically incorporating patient preferences, and ensuring structured follow-up of long-term outcomes.},
}
@article {pmid40062964,
year = {2025},
author = {Kaur, S and Hawkins, JP and Oresnik, IJ},
title = {Suppression of a Transketolase Mutation Leads to Only Partial Restoration of Symbiosis in Sinorhizobium meliloti.},
journal = {Molecular plant-microbe interactions : MPMI},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1094/MPMI-02-25-0017-R},
pmid = {40062964},
issn = {0894-0282},
abstract = {The interaction between Sinorhizobium meliloti and alfalfa is a well-studied model system for symbiotic establishment between rhizobia and legume plants. Proper utilization of carbon sources has been linked with effective symbiotic establishment in S. meliloti strain Rm1021. Previous work has shown that mutation of the gene tktA, which encodes a transketolase involved in the pentose phosphate pathway, resulted in a strain impaired in many biological functions, including the inability to establish a symbiosis with alfalfa. Work with this strain revealed the appearance of suppressor mutations which could partially revert the symbiotic phenotype associated with a tktA mutation. Characterization of these suppressor strains revealed that carbon phenotypes associated with a mutation in tktA were no longer present and that the production of succinoglycan was partially restored. Central carbon metabolite pools were observed to be different compared to the wildtype and tktA mutant strains. Multiple independent mutations were identified in the gene SMc02340, a Gnt-type negative regulator upon sequencing. RT-PCR suggests that SMc02340 acts as a negative regulator on an operon containing the gene tktB, which becomes upregulated when the suppressor mutation is present or SMc02340 is removed. Microscopic analysis revealed a unique symbiotic phenotype. The tktA mutant strain induced root hair curling but could not colonize the apoplastic space. Collectively the data suggests the upregulation of tktB can partially bypass some blocks associated with a lesion in tktA, including the colonization of the curled root hair, but cannot fully compensate for the loss of tktA.},
}
@article {pmid40061946,
year = {2025},
author = {Guan, Y and Cheng, H and Zhang, N and Cai, Y and Zhang, Q and Jiang, X and Wang, A and Zeng, H and Jia, B},
title = {The role of the esophageal and intestinal microbiome in gastroesophageal reflux disease: past, present, and future.},
journal = {Frontiers in immunology},
volume = {16},
number = {},
pages = {1558414},
pmid = {40061946},
issn = {1664-3224},
mesh = {Humans ; *Gastroesophageal Reflux/microbiology/immunology ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome/immunology ; *Dysbiosis/immunology ; *Esophagus/microbiology/immunology ; Animals ; },
abstract = {Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is one of the common diseases of the digestive system, and its incidence is increasing year by year, in addition to its typical symptoms of acid reflux and heartburn affecting the quality of patients' survival. The pathogenesis of GERD has not yet been clarified. With the development of detection technology, microbiome have been studied in depth. Normal microbiome are symbiotic with the host and can assist the host to fulfill the roles of digestion and absorption, and promote the development of the host. Dysbiosis of the microbiome forms a new internal environment, under which it may affect the development of GERD from the perspectives of molecular mechanisms: microbial activation of Toll-like receptors, microbial stimulation of cyclooxygenase-2 expression, microbial stimulation of inducible nitrous oxide synthase, and activation of the NLRP3 inflammatory vesicle; immune mechanisms; and impact on the dynamics of the lower gastrointestinal tract. This review will explore the esophageal microbiome and intestinal microbiome characteristics of GERD and the mechanisms by which dysbiotic microbiome induces GERD.},
}
@article {pmid40061032,
year = {2025},
author = {Li, Z and Ye, Y and Wang, X and Peng, S and Chen, B and Li, S and Chen, H and Yang, D and Jiang, F and Zhang, C and Li, M},
title = {Mycorrhizal fungus BJ1, a new species of Tulasnella sp.: its biological characteristics and promoting effect on seed germination of Bletilla striata.},
journal = {Frontiers in plant science},
volume = {16},
number = {},
pages = {1542585},
pmid = {40061032},
issn = {1664-462X},
abstract = {Mycorrhizal fungi have been shown to promote seed germination and seedling growth in Orchidaceae plants. In the present study, a mycorrhizal fungus designated as BJ1 was isolated from the roots of Bletilla striata (Thunb.) Reiehb.f. Fluorescence staining and morphological analysis revealed that this fungus exhibited characteristics highly similar to those of Tulasnella. Subsequently, the strain was confirmed as a new strain of Tulasnella through sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of four loci: the internal transcribed spacer region ITS1-ITS4 (ITS), ATP synthase (C14436), glutamate synthase (C4102), and ATP deconjugase (C3304). Additionally, we investigated the in vitro biological activity of strain BJ1 and its effects on germination and growth of B. striata seeds. The results indicated that BJ1 is capable of producing plant cell-degrading enzymes, including pectinase and protease. Furthermore, it demonstrates an ability to solubilize inorganic phosphorus and synthesize indoleacetic acid (IAA). Nevertheless, it does not exhibit laccase activity or possess the capacity to produce siderophores, nor can it solubilize organic phosphorus. Microscopic observations revealed that strain BJ1 mainly colonizes the base of the B. striata protocorm, thereby enhancing seed germination, growth, and expansion. Notably, by the fourth week of germination, 74.23% of seeds in the symbiotic group had developed to stage 5, a significantly higher proportion compared to 50.43% in the non-symbiotic group. Additionally, the length, width, and fresh weight of seeds in the symbiotic group were 2.2 times, 1.8 times, and 3.7 times greater than those in the non-symbiotic group, respectively. Furthermore, by adding L-tryptophan as a substrate during co-cultivation with BJ1, there was a significant enhancement in IAA synthesis capability; this also led to a marked acceleration in the symbiotic germination process of B. striata seeds. These results suggest that strain BJ1 holds significant potential for application in the artificial propagation of B. striata seedlings. It can enhance propagation efficiency and improve seedling quality, thereby playing a crucial role in the conservation and sustainable development of germplasm resources of endangered orchids.},
}
@article {pmid40060587,
year = {2025},
author = {Sanath-Kumar, R and Rahman, A and Ren, Z and Reynolds, IP and Augusta, L and Fuqua, C and Weisberg, AJ and Wang, X},
title = {Linear dicentric chromosomes in bacterial natural isolates reveal common constraints for replicon fusion.},
journal = {bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1101/2025.02.23.639760},
pmid = {40060587},
issn = {2692-8205},
abstract = {UNLABELLED: Multipartite bacterial genome organization can confer advantages including coordinated gene regulation and faster genome replication but is challenging to maintain. Agrobacterium tumefaciens lineages often contain a circular chromosome (Ch1), a linear chromosome (Ch2), and multiple plasmids. We previously observed that in some stocks of the lab model strain C58, Ch1 and Ch2 were fused into a linear dicentric chromosome. Here we analyzed Agrobacterium natural isolates from the French Collection for Plant-Associated Bacteria (CFBP) and identified two strains with fused chromosomes. Chromosome conformation capture identified integration junctions that were different from the C58 fusion strain. Genome-wide DNA replication profiling showed both replication origins remain active. Transposon sequencing revealed that partitioning systems of both chromosome centromeres are essential. Importantly, the site-specific recombinases XerCD are required for the survival of the strains containing the fusion chromosome. Our findings show that replicon fusion occurs in natural environments and that balanced replication arm sizes and proper resolution systems enable the survival of such strains.<br><br>IMPORTANCE: Most bacterial genomes are monopartite with a single, circular chromosome. But some species, like Agrobacterium tumefaciens, carry multiple chromosomes. Emergence of multipartite genomes is often related to adaptation to specific niches including pathogenesis or symbiosis. Multipartite genomes confer certain advantages, however, maintaining this complex structure can present significant challenges. We previously reported a laboratory-propagated lineage of A. tumefaciens strain C58 in which the circular and linear chromosomes fused to form a single dicentric chromosome. Here we discovered two environmental isolates of A. tumefaciens containing fused chromosomes derived from a different route, revealing the constraints and diversification of this process. We found that balanced replication arm sizes and the repurposing of multimer resolution systems enable the survival and stable maintenance of dicentric chromosomes. These findings help us better understand how multipartite genomes function across different bacterial species and the role of genomic plasticity in bacterial genetic diversification.},
}
@article {pmid40059228,
year = {2025},
author = {Thapa, A and Hasan, MR and Kabir, AH},
title = {Transcriptional reprogramming and microbiome dynamics in garden pea exposed to high pH stress during vegetative stage.},
journal = {Planta},
volume = {261},
number = {4},
pages = {83},
pmid = {40059228},
issn = {1432-2048},
support = {5SFAES-293007//College of Arts, Education, and Sciences, University of Louisiana Monroe/ ; },
mesh = {*Pisum sativum/microbiology/genetics/physiology ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; *Microbiota/genetics ; *Symbiosis ; Stress, Physiological/genetics ; Soil/chemistry ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Soil Microbiology ; Plant Roots/microbiology/genetics ; },
abstract = {High soil pH induces the upregulation of genes involved in oxidative stress and nutrient transport, while the enrichment of beneficial microbes (Variovorax, Chaetomium, and Pseudomonas) highlights their potential role in promoting stress adaptation. High soil pH severely impacts plant growth and productivity, yet the transcriptomic changes and microbial dynamics underlying stress adaptation in garden pea (Pisum sativum ssp. hortense) remain unclear. This study demonstrates that high soil pH leads to stunted growth, reduced biomass, impaired photosynthesis, and nutrient status in garden pea. Further, disruption in key nitrogen-fixing bacteria (Rhizobium indicum, R. leguminosarum, and R. redzepovicii), along with the downregulation of NifA and NifD genes and upregulation of NifH in nodules highlights the critical role of micronutrient balance in legume-microbe symbiosis and a compensatory response to maintain nitrogen status. RNA seq analysis revealed extensive transcriptional reprogramming in roots, characterized by the upregulation of oxidative stress response genes (e.g., oxidoreductase and glutathione transferase activities, metal ion transporters) and the downregulation of genes related to ammonia-lyase activity and ion binding, reflecting broader disruptions in nutrient homeostasis. KEGG pathway analysis identified enrichment of MAPK signaling pathway, likely interacting with other pathways associated with stress tolerance, metabolic adjustment, and structural reorganization as part of adaptive responses to high pH. Root microbiome analysis showed significant enrichment of Variovorax, Shinella, and Chaetomium, suggesting host-driven recruitment under high pH stress. Stable genera, such as Pseudomonas, Novosphingobium, Mycobacterium, Herbaspirillum, and Paecilomyces, displayed resilience to stress conditions, potentially forming core microbiome components for adaptation to high pH. In a targeted study, inoculation of plants with an enriched microbiome, particularly C. globosum, under high pH conditions improved growth parameters and increased the abundance of Stenotrophomonas and Pseudomonas in the roots. It suggests that these bacterial genera may act as helper microbes to C. globosum, collectively promoting stress resilience in pea plants suffering from high pH. These findings provide a foundation for microbiome-aided breeding programs and the development of microbial consortia to enhance the adaptation of pea plants to high pH conditions.},
}
@article {pmid40058438,
year = {2025},
author = {Cai, Z and Zhang, M and Zhou, L and Xiong, Y and Wang, H and Chen, Y and Yuan, JB},
title = {Kai-Xin-San polysaccharides exert therapeutic effects on D-gal and Aβ25-35-induced AD rats by regulating gut microbiota and metabolic profile.},
journal = {International journal of biological macromolecules},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {141850},
doi = {10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.141850},
pmid = {40058438},
issn = {1879-0003},
abstract = {Metabolic abnormalities and gut microbiota imbalance are intricately linked to the onset and progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Kai-Xin-San (KXS) is a traditional herbal formula known for its therapeutic effects on AD. Our previous research indicated that Kai-Xin-San polysaccharide (KXS-P) exhibits a significant therapeutic impact on AD, but the precise mechanisms remain incompletely understood. In this study, untargeted fecal metabolomics and 16S rRNA gene sequencing were used to investigate the potential mechanisms by which KXS-P acts against AD. Key metabolites and gut microbial species were identified using multivariate analysis and a comprehensive examination of intestinal microecology. Our findings revealed that KXS-P improves lipid metabolism in AD rats by modulating a series of lipid molecules and bile acid levels. Additionally, KXS-P regulated gut microbiota composition and restored the symbiotic relationships within the gut microbiome. Notably, the anti-inflammatory effect of KXS-P may be related to its regulation of specific lipotypes levels and the abundance of Romboutsia, Bifidobacterium and Alloprevotella. KXS-P demonstrates the ability to alleviate symptoms of AD rats through multiple mechanisms: ① Improving lipid metabolism and maintaining lipid homeostasis; ② Reducing neuronal and inflammatory damage; ③ Regulating the composition and symbiotic relationships of gut microbiota to preserve intestinal microecological balance.},
}
@article {pmid40057976,
year = {2025},
author = {Nikitashina, V and Bartels, B and Mansour, JS and LeKieffre, C and Decelle, J and Hertweck, C and Not, F and Pohnert, G},
title = {Metabolic interdependence and rewiring in Radiolaria-microalgae Photosymbioses.},
journal = {The ISME journal},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/ismejo/wraf047},
pmid = {40057976},
issn = {1751-7370},
abstract = {Marine planktonic Radiolaria harboring symbiotic microalgae are ubiquitous in the oceans and abundant in oligotrophic areas. In these low-nutrient environments, they are among the most important primary producers. Systematic studies of radiolarian biology are limited because Radiolaria are non-culturable and prone to damage during sampling. To obtain insight into the mechanistic basis of radiolarian photosymbiosis we address here the metabolic contributions of the partners to the performance of the holobiont. Therefore, we describe the metabolic inventory of two highly abundant photosymbiotic Radiolaria - colony-forming Collodaria and single-celled Acantharia and compare their metabolomes to metabolomes of respective free-living algae. Most of the metabolites detected in the symbiosis are not present in the free-living algae, suggesting a significant transformation of symbionts' metabolites by the host. The metabolites identified in both the holobiont and the free-living algae encompass molecules of primary metabolism and a number of osmolytes, including dimethylsulfoniopropionate. Mass spectrometry imaging revealed the presence of dimethylsulfoniopropionate in both the symbionts and host cells, indicating that the algae provide osmolytic protection to the host. Furthermore, our findings suggest a possible dependence of Collodaria on symbiotic vitamin B3. Distinctive differences in phospholipid composition between free-living and symbiotic stages indicate that the algal cell membrane may undergo rearrangement in the symbiosis. Our results demonstrate a strong interdependence and rewiring of the algal metabolism underlying Radiolaria-microalgae photosymbioses.},
}
@article {pmid40057927,
year = {2025},
author = {Sakhai, FS and Movahedi, Z and Ghabooli, M and Fard, EM},
title = {Positive Effect of Serendipita indica on Fenugreek and Its Tolerance Against Cadmium Stress.},
journal = {Current microbiology},
volume = {82},
number = {4},
pages = {182},
pmid = {40057927},
issn = {1432-0991},
mesh = {*Trigonella/drug effects/metabolism ; *Cadmium/toxicity/metabolism ; *Plant Roots/drug effects/metabolism ; *Plant Leaves/drug effects/metabolism ; Oxidative Stress/drug effects ; Hydrogen Peroxide/metabolism ; Stress, Physiological/drug effects ; Photosynthesis/drug effects ; Plant Shoots/drug effects/growth &amp; development/metabolism ; },
abstract = {This study examined the effects of Serendipita indica colonization and cadmium (Cd) exposure on the morphophysiological characteristics of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum). Our findings revealed that Cd stress significantly reduced plant and root height, root volume, fresh and dry weights of shoots and roots, leaf number, and the uptake of essential minerals. Cd exposure also diminished photosynthetic pigment levels while increasing certain biochemical properties and causing cadmium accumulation in plant tissues. However, the colonization of fenugreek by S. indica mitigated these adverse effects. This symbiotic association enhanced root volume, leaf number, calcium, phosphorus, and potassium uptake, as well as the dry weights of shoots and roots, photosynthetic pigment concentrations, and proline levels. Additionally, S. indica presence reduced electrolyte leakage, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) levels, and cadmium accumulation in leaves, effectively alleviating Cd-induced oxidative stress. In conclusion, our research highlights the potential of S. indica to counteract the detrimental impacts of Cd exposure in fenugreek plants, promoting resilience under environmental stress. Notably, S. indica restricted root-to-shoot Cd translocation, which is critical for mitigating Cd toxicity. Furthermore, its presence improved physiological parameters, including photosynthetic pigments, carbohydrate and proline content, and biomass production, under Cd-induced stress conditions.},
}
@article {pmid40057539,
year = {2025},
author = {Teikari, JE and Russo, DA and Heuser, M and Baumann, O and Zedler, JAZ and Liaimer, A and Dittmann, E},
title = {Competition and interdependence define interactions of Nostoc sp. and Agrobacterium sp. under inorganic carbon limitation.},
journal = {NPJ biofilms and microbiomes},
volume = {11},
number = {1},
pages = {42},
pmid = {40057539},
issn = {2055-5008},
support = {239748522- SFB 1127//Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (German Research Foundation)/ ; 239748522- SFB 1127//Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (German Research Foundation)/ ; 406260942//Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (German Research Foundation)/ ; 239748522- SFB 1127//Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (German Research Foundation)/ ; 332215//Academy of Finland (Suomen Akatemia)/ ; },
mesh = {*Nostoc/metabolism/genetics ; *Carbon/metabolism ; *Symbiosis ; Ribulose-Bisphosphate Carboxylase/metabolism/genetics ; Proteomics/methods ; Iron/metabolism ; Microbial Interactions ; Agrobacterium tumefaciens/genetics ; Bacterial Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Heterotrophic Processes ; },
abstract = {Cyanobacteria of the Nostoc genus are capable of forming symbiotic relationships with plants but also serve as a hub for heterotrophic bacteria. By comparing the axenic strain Nostoc punctiforme PCC 73102 and the xenic strains Nostoc sp. KVJ2 and KVJ3, we were able to demonstrate an almost obligate dependence of the cyanobacteria on the heterotrophic partners under carbon-limiting conditions. A detailed analysis of the intimate relationship between N. punctiforme and the isolate Agrobacterium tumefaciens Het4 using shotgun proteomics and microscopy uncovered a complex partnership characterized by competition for iron and facilitation for carbon. The prevalent extracarboxysomal localization of the carbon-fixing enzyme RubisCO suggests that a weak carbon-concentrating mechanism in N. punctiforme enforces a dependence on heterotrophic bacteria. Our study indicates a limited autonomy of symbiotic Nostoc strains, which may also explain its preference for symbiotic interactions.},
}
@article {pmid40057434,
year = {2025},
author = {Pang, L and Huang, Y and Huang-Gao, J and Chen, P},
title = {Protease regulation of tumor-immune cell symbiosis.},
journal = {Trends in cancer},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.trecan.2025.02.004},
pmid = {40057434},
issn = {2405-8025},
abstract = {Proteases play a crucial role in cancer progression and are traditionally known for their protumorigenic role by degrading the extracellular matrix (ECM). Emerging evidence indicates that proteases, such as caspases, cathepsins, and ubiquitin-specific proteases (USPs), regulate diverse immunomodulatory substrates or signals in the tumor microenvironment (TME), generating symbiotic interactions between cancer cells and immune cells. These interactions are critical for tumor progression and immunotherapy resistance across cancer types. In this review, we highlight recent insights into protease-mediated tumor-immune cell crosstalk, emphasizing how this symbiosis affects tumor progression and immunosuppression. Moreover, we discuss therapeutic strategies that exploit protease-mediated tumor-immune cell interactions to inhibit tumor progression and sensitize immunologically 'cold' tumors to immunotherapies, especially immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy.},
}
@article {pmid40056871,
year = {2025},
author = {Zhao, Z and Fernie, AR and Zhang, Y},
title = {Engineering nitrogen and carbon fixation for next-generation plants.},
journal = {Current opinion in plant biology},
volume = {85},
number = {},
pages = {102699},
doi = {10.1016/j.pbi.2025.102699},
pmid = {40056871},
issn = {1879-0356},
abstract = {Improving plant nitrogen (N) and carbon (C) acquisition and assimilation is a major challenge for global agriculture, food security, and ecological sustainability. Emerging synthetic biology techniques, including directed evolution, artificial intelligence (AI)-guided enzyme design, and metabolic engineering, have opened new avenues for optimizing nitrogenase to fix atmospheric N2 in plants, engineering Rhizobia or other nitrogen-fixing bacteria for symbiotic associations with both legume and nonlegume crops, and enhancing carbon fixation to improve photosynthetic efficiency and source-to-sink assimilate fluxes. Here, we discuss the potential for engineering nitrogen fixation and carbon fixation mechanisms in plants, from rational and AI-driven optimization of nitrogen and carbon fixation cycles. Furthermore, we discuss strategies for modifying source-to-sink relationships to promote robust growth in extreme conditions, such as arid deserts, saline-alkaline soils, or even extraterrestrial environments like Mars. The combined engineering of N and C pathways promises a new generation of crops with enhanced productivity, resource-use efficiency, and resilience. Finally, we explore future perspectives, focusing on the integration of enzyme engineering via directed evolution and computational design to accelerate metabolic innovation in plants.},
}
@article {pmid40056711,
year = {2025},
author = {Shang, Q and Wang, Z and Wang, S and Zhang, W and Wang, Q and Wang, R and Huang, D and Pan, X},
title = {Integrated transcriptomics and metabolomics elucidate how arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi alleviate drought stress in Juglans sigillata.},
journal = {Microbiological research},
volume = {296},
number = {},
pages = {128135},
doi = {10.1016/j.micres.2025.128135},
pmid = {40056711},
issn = {1618-0623},
abstract = {Walnut (Juglans sigillata), an economically significant ecotype of the Juglans genus in the Juglandaceae family, is cultivated mainly in southwest China, a region prone to seasonal drought. Drought significantly reduced both the yield and quality of walnuts in this area. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are symbiotic fungi that colonize plant roots and play crucial roles in enhancing plant drought resistance. This study investigated the effects of AMF on the alleviation of drought stress. Compared to non-inoculated drought-stressed plants, AMF inoculation improved plant growth, increased photosynthetic capacity, enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging ability, and significantly activities of superoxide Dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase were significantly increased by 19.90 %, 18.43 %, and 8.39 %, respectively. malondialdehyde, Superoxide anion, and Hydrogen peroxide levels decreased by 18.39 %, 20.75 %, and 21.44 %, respectively, and soluble sugar and proline concentrations also significantly increased (P < 0.05), helping to maintain the osmotic balance. In addition, transcriptome results showed that ATP-binding cassette transporter related to drought resistance were significantly enriched in plants inoculated with AMF, and genes related to growth, such as IAA and CKT synthesis, transcription factors (BZIP, WRKY, and GTE), and related antioxidant enzymes. The mitogen-activated protein kinases pathway-related genes were upregulated in the inoculated drought treatment group, whereas pinobanksin and homoeriodictyol were upregulated in the inoculated drought treatment group, both of which provide support for drought resistance. In summary, AMF alleviated drought stress and promoted Juglans sigillata growth by modulating key physiological, biochemical, and molecular mechanisms involved in drought resistance. This study offers important theoretical insights that support the application of AMF in sustainable agricultural practices.},
}
@article {pmid40056577,
year = {2025},
author = {Wang, W and Wang, R and Li, Y and Li, Y and Zhang, P and Gao, M and Cao, Y and Fohrer, N and Zhang, Y and Li, BL},
title = {Cross-sectional-dependent microbial assembly and network stability: Bacteria sensitivity response was higher than eukaryotes and fungi in the Danjiangkou Reservoir.},
journal = {Journal of environmental management},
volume = {379},
number = {},
pages = {124851},
doi = {10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.124851},
pmid = {40056577},
issn = {1095-8630},
abstract = {Water depth variation can lead to the vertical structure change of microbial communities in reservoirs, and then affect the relationship between the microbial communities along the depth gradient, profoundly affecting the stability of the aquatic ecosystems. However, the interspecific dynamics of microbial communities across different water layers in deep-water low-nutrient drinking water reservoirs remain not well understood. Thus, we assessed microbial communities' dynamic changes in different water layers in this study. The physical and chemical parameters and different planktonic microbial of the surface, middle, and bottom layers were studied from July 2022 to August 2023 in the Danjiangkou Reservoir, China. Based on high-throughput sequencing technology, model analysis and network analysis, the diversity of microbial communities in different water layers, community construction process and co-occurrence network differences were studied. The results showed that the diversity of bacterial communities in the Danjiangkou reservoir was significantly higher than that of fungi and eukaryotic microorganisms in different water depths. The dominant taxa of the bacterial communities in different water depths were Actinobacteriota, Bacteroidota, Proteobacteria and Cyanobacteria. The dominant phyla were Ascomycota, unclassified_k__Fungi and Chytridiomycota. The relative abundance of vertical dominant species in eukaryotic communities was slightly different, including Cryptophyta, Chlorophyta, Dinophyta and Metazoa. Different microbial communities shared the main dominant species on the vertical stratification. The neutral model showed that random processes significantly affected the assembly process of microbial communities in different water layers, and the mobility of fungal communities was much lower than that of bacteria and eukaryotes. The co-occurrence network analysis showed that the number of nodes and edges of the bacterial community was the highest, indicating that the network scale of the bacterial community was the largest. In addition, the map density and average clustering coefficient of bacterial and eukaryotic communities in surface water were the highest, indicating that the surface microbial species had a high degree of connectivity, can better transfer materials and exchange information, and Sensitive to changes in the external environment. In contrast, in fungal communities, microbial interactions were the most complex at the bottom. The interactions between microbial communities in different water depths were mainly positive, and the negative correlation of microbial communities in the middle and bottom water was greater than that in the surface water, indicating that the competition between species increased with the increase of depth. Correlation analysis showed that the key species of microbial community were significantly correlated with TP, PO4[3-]-P, NO3[-]-N and ORP. In summary, by analyzing water depth changes' impacts on the spatial distribution pattern, community assembly process and symbiotic network stability of microbial communities in the Danjiangkou Reservoir, we found that bacterial communities were more sensitive to water depth than eukaryotes and fungi. This study revealed the response mechanism of microbial communities to water depth in low-nutrient reservoirs, which is helpful to reflect aquatic ecological processes and provide a theoretical basis for the construction of subsequent reservoir ecological models.},
}
@article {pmid40056175,
year = {2025},
author = {de Fernandes, MG and Nascimento-Silva, G and Rozas, EE and Hardoim, CCP and Custódio, MR},
title = {From Sea to Freshwater: Shared and Unique Microbial Traits in Sponge Associated Prokaryotic Communities.},
journal = {Current microbiology},
volume = {82},
number = {4},
pages = {178},
pmid = {40056175},
issn = {1432-0991},
support = {88887465142/2019-00//Coordena&#xe7;&#xe3;o de Aperfei&#xe7;oamento de Pessoal de N&#xed;vel Superior/ ; 2016/17189-7//Funda&#xe7;&#xe3;o de Amparo &#xe0; Pesquisa do Estado de S&#xe3;o Paulo/ ; 2017/10157-5//Funda&#xe7;&#xe3;o de Amparo &#xe0; Pesquisa do Estado de S&#xe3;o Paulo/ ; },
mesh = {*Porifera/microbiology ; Animals ; *Microbiota ; *Fresh Water/microbiology ; *Bacteria/classification/genetics/isolation &amp; purification ; *RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics ; *Seawater/microbiology ; *Phylogeny ; Symbiosis ; Ecosystem ; Archaea/classification/genetics/isolation &amp; purification ; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing ; },
abstract = {Despite their ecological significance and biotechnological potential, freshwater sponges remain relatively understudied compared to their marine counterparts. In special, the prokaryotic communities of species from isolated yet highly diverse ecosystems, such as the Amazon Rainforest, remain unknown, leaving an important part of the Porifera microbiome underexplored. Using high-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene, we unraveled the structure of the microbiota associated to the freshwater sponges Heteromeyenia cristalina and Metania reticulata for the first time. Their microbiome was compared with that of the haplosclerid marine sponges Amphimedon viridis and Haliclona melana; and the tetractinellid Cinachyrella alloclada. Our findings reveal not only a shared core microbiome between the freshwater and marine environments but also indicate functional redundancy in their communities, suggesting that certain microbial metabolic functions are conserved across diverse habitats. Comparisons between ecosystems also revealed that microbiomes of freshwater sponges can be richer and more diverse than those of marine species. Moreover, we compared the microbiome of adults and asexual reproduction structures (buds and gemmules) of sponges from both habitats, revealing a remarkable similarity between adults and their respective offsprings, indicating an important role of vertical transmission in this mode of reproduction. Our observations emphasize the dynamic interactions and the adaptability of the sponge-associated microbiota, providing insights into how these symbiotic associations were affected during the colonization of freshwater environments and shedding light into how symbiotic relationships are maintained throughout generations.},
}
@article {pmid40056008,
year = {2025},
author = {Lust, B and Matthews, JL and Oakley, CA and Lewis, RE and Mendis, H and Peng, L and Grossman, AR and Weis, VM and Davy, SK},
title = {The Influence of Symbiont Identity on the Proteomic and Metabolomic Responses of the Model Cnidarian Aiptasia to Thermal Stress.},
journal = {Environmental microbiology},
volume = {27},
number = {3},
pages = {e70073},
pmid = {40056008},
issn = {1462-2920},
support = {VUW1602//The Marsden Fund of the Royal Society Te Ap&#x101;rangi/ ; },
mesh = {*Symbiosis ; Animals ; *Dinoflagellida/metabolism/physiology ; *Sea Anemones/microbiology ; Proteome ; Metabolome ; Proteomics ; Heat-Shock Response/physiology ; Hot Temperature ; Metabolomics ; Stress, Physiological ; },
abstract = {We examined the effects of symbiont identity and heat stress on the host metabolome and proteome in the cnidarian-dinoflagellate symbiosis. Exaiptasia diaphana ('Aiptasia') was inoculated with its homologous (i.e., native) symbiont Breviolum minutum or a heterologous (i.e., non-native) symbiont (Symbiodinium microadriaticum; Durusdinium trenchii) and thermally stressed. Integrated metabolome and proteome analyses characterised host thermal responses between symbioses, with clear evidence of enhanced nutritional deprivation and cellular stress in hosts harbouring heterologous symbionts following temperature stress. Host metabolomes were partially distinct at the control temperature; however, thermal stress caused metabolomes of anemones containing the two heterologous symbionts to become more alike and more distinct from those containing B. minutum. While these patterns could be partly explained by innate symbiont-specific differences, they may also reflect differences in symbiont density, as under control conditions D. trenchii attained 60% and S. microadriaticum 15% of the density attained by B. minutum, and at elevated temperature only D. trenchii-colonised anemones bleached (60% loss). Our findings add to a growing literature that highlights the physiological limits of partner switching as a means of adaptation to global warming. However, we also provide tentative evidence for improved metabolic functioning with a heterologous symbiont (D. trenchii) after sustained symbiosis.},
}
@article {pmid40054448,
year = {2025},
author = {Zhang, H and Sun, S and Liu, J and Guo, Q and Meng, L and Chen, J and Xiang, X and Zhou, Y and Zhang, N and Liu, H and Liu, Y and Yan, G and Ji, Q and He, L and Cai, S and Cai, C and Huang, X and Xu, S and Xiao, Y and Zhang, Y and Wang, K and Liu, Y and Chen, H and Yue, Z and He, S and Wang, J and Yang, H and Liu, X and Seim, I and Gu, Y and Li, Q and Zhang, G and Lee, SM and Kristiansen, K and Xu, X and Liu, S and Fan, G},
title = {The amphipod genome reveals population dynamics and adaptations to hadal environment.},
journal = {Cell},
volume = {188},
number = {5},
pages = {1378-1392.e18},
doi = {10.1016/j.cell.2025.01.030},
pmid = {40054448},
issn = {1097-4172},
mesh = {*Amphipoda/genetics ; Animals ; *Genome ; Adaptation, Physiological/genetics ; Population Dynamics ; Genetics, Population ; Whole Genome Sequencing ; Hydrostatic Pressure ; Phylogeny ; Symbiosis/genetics ; },
abstract = {The amphipod Hirondellea gigas is a dominant species inhabiting the deepest part of the ocean (∼6,800-11,000 m), but little is known about its genetic adaptation and population dynamics. Here, we present a chromosome-level genome of H. gigas, characterized by a large genome size of 13.92 Gb. Whole-genome sequencing of 510 individuals from the Mariana Trench indicates no population differentiation across depths, suggesting its capacity to tolerate hydrostatic pressure across wide ranges. H. gigas in the West Philippine Basin is genetically divergent from the Mariana and Yap Trenches, suggesting genetic isolation attributed to the geographic separation of hadal features. A drastic reduction in effective population size potentially reflects glacial-interglacial changes. By integrating multi-omics analysis, we propose host-symbiotic microbial interactions may be crucial in the adaptation of H. gigas to the extremely high-pressure and food-limited environment. Our findings provide clues for adaptation to the hadal zone and population genetics.},
}
@article {pmid40054396,
year = {2025},
author = {Chakravarthula, PN and Suffridge, JE and Wang, S},
title = {Gaze dynamics during natural scene memorization and recognition.},
journal = {Cognition},
volume = {259},
number = {},
pages = {106098},
doi = {10.1016/j.cognition.2025.106098},
pmid = {40054396},
issn = {1873-7838},
abstract = {Humans can rapidly memorize numerous images, which is surprising considering the limited visual sampling of each image. To enhance the probability of recognition, it is crucial to focus on previously sampled locations most likely to support memory. How does the visuomotor system achieve this? To study this, we analyzed the eye movements of a group of neurotypical observers while they performed a natural scene memorization task. Using comprehensive gaze analysis and computational modeling, we show that observers traded off visual exploration for exploiting information at the most memorable scene locations with repeated viewing. Furthermore, both the explore-exploit trade-off and gaze consistency predicted accurate recognition memory. Finally, false alarms were predicted by confusion of the incoming visual information at fixated locations with previously sampled information from other images. Together, our findings shed light on the symbiotic relationship between attention and memory in facilitating accurate natural scene memory.},
}
@article {pmid40054249,
year = {2025},
author = {Walling, LK and Gamache, MH and González-Pech, RA and Harwood, VJ and Ibrahim-Hashim, A and Jung, JH and Lewis, DB and Margres, MJ and McMinds, R and Rasheed, K and Reis, F and van Riemsdijk, I and Santiago-Alarcon, D and Sarmiento, C and Whelan, CJ and Zalamea, PC and Parkinson, JE and Richards, CL},
title = {Incorporating microbiome analyses can enhance conservation of threatened species and ecosystem functions.},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
volume = {970},
number = {},
pages = {178826},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.178826},
pmid = {40054249},
issn = {1879-1026},
abstract = {Conservation genomics is a rapidly growing subdiscipline of conservation biology that uses genome-wide information to inform management of biodiversity at all levels. Such efforts typically focus on species or systems of conservation interest, but rarely consider associated microbes. At least three major approaches have been used to study how microorganisms broadly contribute to conservation areas: (1) diversity surveys map out microbial species distribution patterns in a variety of hosts, natural environments or regions; (2) functional surveys associate microbial communities with factors of interest, such as host health, symbiotic interactions, environmental characteristics, ecosystem processes, and biological invasions; and (3) manipulative experiments examine the response of changes to microbial communities or determine the functional roles of specific microbes within hosts or communities by adding, removing, or genetically modifying microbes. In practice, multiple approaches are often applied simultaneously. The results from all three conservation genomics approaches can be used to help design practical interventions and improve management actions, some of which we highlight below. However, experimental manipulations allow for more robust causal inferences and should be the ultimate goal of future work. Here we discuss how further integration of microbial research of a host's microbiome and of free living microbes into conservation biology will be an essential advancement for conservation of charismatic organisms and ecosystem functions in light of ongoing global environmental change.},
}
@article {pmid40054197,
year = {2025},
author = {Jiang, S and He, L and Cao, L and Sun, R and Dai, Z and Liang, YQ and Ren, L and Sun, S and Li, C},
title = {Unraveling individual and combined toxicity of microplastics and tetracycline at environment-related concentrations to coral holobionts.},
journal = {Journal of hazardous materials},
volume = {490},
number = {},
pages = {137823},
doi = {10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.137823},
pmid = {40054197},
issn = {1873-3336},
abstract = {Coral holobionts constitute the foundational organisms of coral reef ecosystems. As an emerging pollutant, the projected accumulated levels of microplastics (MPs) are expected to continue increasing. Meanwhile, due to their properties, MPs can absorb multiple other marine pollutants, such as antibiotics (ATs). However, the co-toxicity mechanism of MPs and ATs to coral holobionts remains to be explored. Here, using Zoanthus sociatus as a model organism, we investigate the individual and combined toxicity of MPs and tetracycline (TC) at environment-related concentrations to coral holobionts. Microbiomics indicate that MPs and TC increase coral holobionts bacterial species richness while concurrently reducing the microbial community structure stability. The key metabolites and enzyme activity results demonstrated that the impacts of MPs and TC on corals encompassed antioxidant capacity, detoxification capability, immune function, and lipid metabolism. Transcriptomics shows that MPs and TC disrupt coral-algae relationships mainly through host nutrition limitation and inhibition of symbiotic algae carbon/nitrogen metabolism, respectively. A synergistic effect between MPs and TC has also been observed. In contrast, coral holobionts have shown adaptability through activating coral-symbiodiniaceae-bacteria interactions, mainly including: 1) enhancing the abundance of BMCs (beneficial microorganisms for corals); 2) enhancing host lipid accumulation; 3) immunoregulation; 4) symbiotic regulation. Overall, our findings provide new insights into the co-toxicity of MPs and TC, and highlight those MPs and TC at current environment concentration and predicted for most oceans in the coming decades, can ultimately cause coral bleaching.},
}
@article {pmid40054109,
year = {2025},
author = {Sarkar, A and Roy, A and Roy, S},
title = {Anabaena azollae - The cyanobacterial partner of Azolla filiculoides reciprocates variably to dose- and duration-dependent Bisphenol-A exposure.},
journal = {Plant physiology and biochemistry : PPB},
volume = {222},
number = {},
pages = {109727},
doi = {10.1016/j.plaphy.2025.109727},
pmid = {40054109},
issn = {1873-2690},
abstract = {Bisphenol A (BPA) is one of the most studied endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDC), for its large-scale production and disposal, and ubiquitous presence in the environment. It is also known to impart significant phytotoxic effects on almost all aquatic flora including cyanobacteria. Yet, there are limited studies on the responses of symbiotic cyanobacteria i.e. Anabaena azollae - residing inside Azolla filiculoides. In this context, this study aimed to investigate the response of A. azollae upon exposure to different doses and durations of BPA, which marks this as one of the first such studies. Morphological study reaffirmed the infiltration of BPA through the host's physical barrier and induced various anomalies like filament fragmentation, and cellular disruption especially heterocysts in the case of the higher doses of BPA (20, and 30 mg L[-1]). Additionally, exposure to higher doses further stimulated the antioxidative enzymes, secondary metabolites and stress/defence markers. However, the exaggerated ROS production (nearly 190%-230% O2[.-] and 557%-783% H2O2) at 30 mg L[-1] severely disrupted the membrane integrity, osmotic balance, and reduced essential biomolecules like sugars, proteins and lipid accumulation. Moreover, higher doses of BPA treatment compromised photosynthetic activity by reducing the photosynthetic pigments and phycobiliproteins (PBPs). Conversely, up to the dose of 10 mg L[-1], better cellular integrity, improved accumulation of biomolecules, pigments, and ROS detoxification denoted the neutral/positive effect on the symbionts. The lower doses (≥10 mg L[-1]) also showed positive indications like higher accumulation of biomolecules proteins (16%-30%), lipids (9%-49%), sugar (18%-52%), and pigments like phycobiliproteins (6%-97%), phycocyanins (6%-134%), which seemed to support the biomass of cyanobionts. Moreover, the said doses stimulated the accumulation of phenolics (98%-117%), flavonoids (159%-224%), and released polysaccharides (60%-183%) alongside stress markers like ascorbate and proline indicating the evocation of defense strategy against BPA stress.},
}
@article {pmid40053387,
year = {2025},
author = {He, Z and Gao, Y and Huang, Z and Zhan, M and Tian, S and Fang, F and Zhao, D and Li, Z and Meng, F and Tang, BZ and Luo, L},
title = {Tuning the Near-Infrared J-Aggregate of a Multicationic Photosensitizer through Molecular Coassembly for Symbiotic Photothermal Therapy and Chemotherapy.},
journal = {ACS nano},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1021/acsnano.4c17582},
pmid = {40053387},
issn = {1936-086X},
abstract = {Cationic photosensitizers (PSs) offer many intriguing advantages, in addition to generating heat or reactive oxygen species for cancer phototherapy. However, the preparation of cationic PSs with enhanced near-infrared (NIR) absorption remains a significant challenge. In this work, we have synthesized a PS TPBBT, which incorporates a strong electron-withdrawing unit, benzobisthiadiazole, and four terminal pyridinium groups. It self-assembles into a mixed H/J aggregated state with a maximal absorption peak at 620 nm but coassembles with negatively charged planar small molecules to form sole J-aggregates. Following this strategy, we coassemble TPBBT with rhein, a planar, anionic traditional Chinese medicine with an anticancer activity, which allows for a near 100 nm bathochromic shift of the maximal absorption of TPBBT and improves the photothermal conversion efficiency (PCE) of TPBBT from 6.4 to 60.4% under 808 nm laser irradiation. Additionally, coassembling with TPBBT significantly enhances the cellular uptake of rhein through the photothermal effect. The coassembly of TPBBT and rhein (TPBBTein) can completely eliminate 4T1 tumors on mouse models, validating that this facile strategy not only can tune the NIR J-aggregate of cationic PS through molecular coassembly but also promotes the efficient, symbiotic combination of photothermal therapy and chemotherapy.},
}
@article {pmid40052412,
year = {2025},
author = {Li, Y and Li, R and Liu, R and Shi, J and Qiu, X and Lei, J and Zhao, X and Wang, C and Ge, M and Xu, H and Miao, P and Li, Z and Yi, K and Liao, H and Zhong, Y},
title = {A simplified SynCom based on core-helper strain interactions enhances symbiotic nitrogen fixation in soybean.},
journal = {Journal of integrative plant biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/jipb.13881},
pmid = {40052412},
issn = {1744-7909},
support = {32402668//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; xjq202120//Outstanding Young Researchers Program of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University/ ; 2023M743822//China Postdoctoral Science Foundation/ ; 2021N0008//Science and Technology Project of Fujian Province, Key Program of Agricultural Orientation Project/ ; },
abstract = {Synthetic microbial communities (SynComs) are a promising tool for making full use of the beneficial functions imparted by whole bacterial consortia. However, the complexity of reconstructed SynComs often limits their application in sustainable agriculture. Furthermore, inter-strain interactions are often neglected during SynCom construction. Here, we propose a strategy for constructing a simplified and functional SynCom (sfSynCom) by using elite helper strains that significantly improve the beneficial functions of the core symbiotic strain, here Bradyrhizobium elkanii BXYD3, to sustain the growth of soybean (Glycine max). We first identified helper strains that significantly promote nodulation and nitrogen fixation in soybean mediated by BXYD3. Two of these helper strains assigned to the Pantoea taxon produce acyl homoserine lactones, which significantly enhanced the colonization and infection of soybean by BXYD3. Finally, we constructed a sfSynCom from these core and helper strains. This sfSynCom based on the core-helper strategy was more effective at promoting nodulation than inoculation with BXYD3 alone and achieved effects comparable to those of a complex elite SynCom previously constructed on the basis of potential beneficial functions between microbes and plants alone. Our results suggest that considering interactions between strains as well as those between strains and the host plant might allow construction of sfSynComs.},
}
@article {pmid40052218,
year = {2025},
author = {Huang, Y and Zhai, L and Zhou, Y and Lv, J and Liu, Y and Wu, T and Zhang, X and Han, Z and Wang, Y},
title = {MdPHR2 and MdARF6-4 synergistically regulate arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis and the transcription of MdPHT1;13, enhancing phosphorus uptake in apple rootstocks.},
journal = {The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology},
volume = {121},
number = {5},
pages = {e70070},
doi = {10.1111/tpj.70070},
pmid = {40052218},
issn = {1365-313X},
support = {2023YFD2301002//National Key R&amp;D Program of China/ ; 2115//the 2115 Talent Development Program of China Agricultural University/ ; CARS-27//the Earmarked Fund for China Agriculture Research System/ ; //the Key Laboratory of Beijing Municipality of Stress Physiology and Molecular Biology for Fruit Trees/ ; },
mesh = {*Mycorrhizae/physiology ; *Malus/genetics/microbiology/metabolism ; *Phosphorus/metabolism ; *Symbiosis ; *Plant Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; *Plant Roots/microbiology/genetics/metabolism ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Glomeromycota/physiology ; Transcription Factors/metabolism/genetics ; },
abstract = {Phosphorus in the soil is easily chelated into forms that are unavailable to plants, leading to phosphorus deficiency, which severely affects the growth, development, and fruit quality of apple trees. To address phosphorus deficiency, we used four different arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) to investigate their effects on the growth and development of apple rootstocks and phosphorus uptake in the soil. We identified Glomus mosseae (Gm) fungi as the most effective AMF for promoting growth and found that under phosphorus-deficient conditions, inoculating with Gm fungi promoted the growth of the above-ground parts of the plants and phosphorus absorption, while it inhibited root growth. After inoculating with Gm fungi, we found phosphorus starvation response factors (PHRs) and auxin response factors (ARFs) were upregulated. Knockdown of MdPHR2 or MdARF6-4 resulted in decreased root arbuscular structures, total mycorrhizal colonization rate, and root phosphorus content, indicating that MdPHR2 and MdARF6-4 positively regulate the symbiosis of Gm fungi and phosphorus absorption. In contrast, overexpressing MdARF6-4 led to reduced root development but increased root phosphorus content under Gm fungi inoculation, suggesting that MdARF6-4 is involved in Gm-mediated phosphorus absorption and root development. Moreover, both MdPHR2 and MdARF6-4 directly bound to the promoter area of the downstream phosphorus transporter MdPHT1;13, and these two transcription factors interacted with each other in vivo and in vitro. In summary, our study demonstrates that the interaction between MdPHR2 and MdARF6-4 synergistically regulates the Gm symbiosis and the transcription of MdPHT1;13, thereby promoting phosphorus absorption in apple rootstocks.},
}
@article {pmid40052075,
year = {2025},
author = {Tao, G and Ahrendt, S and Miyauchi, S and Zhu, X and Peng, H and Labutti, K and Clum, A and Hayes, R and Chain, PSG and Grigoriev, IV and Bonito, G and Martin, FM},
title = {Characterisation and comparative analysis of mitochondrial genomes of false, yellow, black and blushing morels provide insights on their structure and evolution.},
journal = {IMA fungus},
volume = {16},
number = {},
pages = {e138363},
pmid = {40052075},
issn = {2210-6340},
abstract = {Morchella species have considerable significance in terrestrial ecosystems, exhibiting a range of ecological lifestyles along the saprotrophism-to-symbiosis continuum. However, the mitochondrial genomes of these ascomycetous fungi have not been thoroughly studied, thereby impeding a comprehensive understanding of their genetic makeup and ecological role. In this study, we analysed the mitogenomes of 30 Morchellaceae species, including yellow, black, blushing and false morels. These mitogenomes are either circular or linear DNA molecules with lengths ranging from 217 to 565 kbp and GC content ranging from 38% to 48%. Fifteen core protein-coding genes, 28-37 tRNA genes and 3-8 rRNA genes were identified in these Morchellaceae mitogenomes. The gene order demonstrated a high level of conservation, with the cox1 gene consistently positioned adjacent to the rnS gene and cob gene flanked by apt genes. Some exceptions were observed, such as the rearrangement of atp6 and rps3 in Morchellaimportuna and the reversed order of atp6 and atp8 in certain morel mitogenomes. However, the arrangement of the tRNA genes remains conserved. We additionally investigated the distribution and phylogeny of homing endonuclease genes (HEGs) of the LAGLIDADG (LAGs) and GIY-YIG (GIYs) families. A total of 925 LAG and GIY sequences were detected, with individual species containing 19-48HEGs. These HEGs were primarily located in the cox1, cob, cox2 and nad5 introns and their presence and distribution displayed significant diversity amongst morel species. These elements significantly contribute to shaping their mitogenome diversity. Overall, this study provides novel insights into the phylogeny and evolution of the Morchellaceae.},
}
@article {pmid40050382,
year = {2025},
author = {Liu, C and Wang, H and Wang, Z and Liang, L and Li, Y and Liu, D and Lu, Q},
title = {Distinct assembly processes of intestinal and non-intestinal microbes of bark beetles from clues of metagenomic insights.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {7910},
pmid = {40050382},
issn = {2045-2322},
support = {32230071//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Metagenomics/methods ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome/genetics ; Coleoptera/microbiology/genetics ; Metagenome ; Bacteria/genetics/classification/metabolism ; Microbiota ; Symbiosis ; Weevils/microbiology/genetics ; Phylogeny ; },
abstract = {Ips (Curculionidae: Scolytinae) bark beetles (BBs) are ecologically and economically devastating coniferous pests in the Northern Hemisphere. Although the microbial diversity associated with these beetles has been well studied, mechanisms of community assembly and the functional roles of key microbes remain poorly understood. This study investigates the microbial community structures and functions in both intestinal and non-intestinal environments of five Ips BBs using a metagenomic approach. The findings reveal similar microbial community compositions, though the α-diversity of dominant taxa differs between intestinal and non-intestinal environments due to the variability in bark beetle species, host trees, and habitats. Intestinal microbial communities are predominantly shaped homogenizing dispersal (HD) and undominated processes (UP), whereas non-intestinal microbial communities are primarily driven by heterogeneous selection (HS). Functional analysis shows that genes and enzymes associated with steroid biosynthesis and oxidative phosphorylation are primarily found in non-intestinal fungal symbionts Ogataea, Wickerhamomyce, Ophiostoma, and Ceratocystis of Ips species. Genes and enzymes involved in degrading terpenoids, phenolic compounds, and polysaccharides are predominately found in the intestinal Acinetobacter, Erwinia, and Serratia. This study provides valuable and in-depth insights into the symbiotic relationships between Ips BBs and their microbial partners, enhancing our understanding of insect-microbe coevolution and suggesting new strategies for pest management.},
}
@article {pmid40049406,
year = {2025},
author = {Thibodeau, A and Reardon, P and Bartlett, B and Curtin, C},
title = {Changes in microbial community structure during adaptation of kombucha symbiotic culture of bacteria and yeast to fermentation of sweet and acid whey.},
journal = {Journal of dairy science},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3168/jds.2024-25859},
pmid = {40049406},
issn = {1525-3198},
abstract = {Whey is a liquid byproduct from the dairy industry that is not fully utilized and can be problematic to dispose of. Based on its composition, there is potential to upcycle whey into fermented beverages for human consumption. Most focus to date has been upon alcoholic fermentation to generate alcohol for distillation, or use of kefir grains to make acidic beverages. Kombucha fermentation is analogous to kefir, with a solid-state inoculum that is backslopped from one batch to the next, but yields a different profile of organic acids when applied to its typical substrate of tea sweetened with sucrose. Notably, some kombucha symbiotic cultures of bacteria and yeast (SCOBY) harbor a lactose-fermenting yeast species, Brettanomyces anomalus, rendering it possible that a SCOBY system could be adapted to lactose-containing whey substrates. The objective of this research was to apply a B. anomalus-containing kombucha SCOBY to the fermentation of sweet and acid whey. Sequential batch fermentations were performed to determine changes in microbial community structure and fermentation outcomes during adaptation to whey substrates. Metabarcoding targeting the fungal ITS2 region and the bacterial 16S V4-V5 domain was used to assess fungal and bacterial communities, respectively. We used [1]H nuclear magnetic resonance to determine the chemical composition of fermentations. The B. anomalus-containing kombucha SCOBY was able to perform repeat backslop-inoculated whey fermentation, with the major fermentation products being those characteristic to kombucha fermentation (acetic acid and ethanol). The whey-adapted SCOBY was characterized by replacement of the original main fungal taxa, Brettanomyces bruxellensis, by the lactose-fermenting B. anomalus, whereas the bacterial community remained more diverse.},
}
@article {pmid40048941,
year = {2025},
author = {Li, Y and Wu, S and Jin, Z and Li, J},
title = {Integrated physiological and anatomical analyses reveal the mycorrhizal symbiosis efficiency of Heptacodium miconioides under different nitrogen conditions.},
journal = {Plant physiology and biochemistry : PPB},
volume = {222},
number = {},
pages = {109725},
doi = {10.1016/j.plaphy.2025.109725},
pmid = {40048941},
issn = {1873-2690},
abstract = {Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) have been shown to play a role in protecting endangered plants from environmental stresses. However, the adaption mechanisms by which AMF symbiosis influences the physiological and anatomical traits of the endangered species Heptacodium miconioides under varying nitrogen (N) conditions remain unclear. Here, we examined the effects of three types of AMF inoculation treatments-Rhizophagus intraradices, Glomus versiforme, and a mixture of the two-on the growth, photosynthesis, antioxidant enzyme activity, and stem and leaf structure of H. miconioides seedlings under low nitrogen (LN) and normal nitrogen (NN) conditions. Findings indicated that LN conditions significantly restricted the growth, physiological and anatomical properties of non-inoculated seedlings. In contrast, AMF inoculation improved dry weight, net photosynthetic rate, chlorophyll content, catalase activity, and peroxidase activity in seedlings under LN. Under LN conditions, AMF colonization-particularly a combination of R. intraradices and G. versiforme-significantly increased stomatal size and aperture by 23.00%, 64.90%, respectively, while significantly reducing stomatal density by 25.00%. Furthermore, treatment with mixed AMFs resulted in substantially greater palisade tissue thickness, stem phloem, stem xylem, stem mean vessel diameter, and stem xylem/phloem ratio, which increased by 41.17%, 20.34%, 46.00%, 14.30%, and 21.62% respectively. These findings indicate that mixed AMF inoculation exhibits superior mycorrhizal efficiency for the host plant, enhancing photosynthetic efficiency, antioxidant enzyme activity, and improving stomatal traits, leaf assimilative tissues, and stem conductive tissues under LN conditions. The study also suggests the potential use of AMF in the cultivation and protection of H. miconioides under N-poor habitats.},
}
@article {pmid40048940,
year = {2025},
author = {Jiang, Z and Peng, F and Yu, J and Li, Q},
title = {Plant growth-promoting effects and possible mechanisms of a plant endophytic fungus Aureobasidium sp. JRF1.},
journal = {Plant physiology and biochemistry : PPB},
volume = {222},
number = {},
pages = {109724},
doi = {10.1016/j.plaphy.2025.109724},
pmid = {40048940},
issn = {1873-2690},
abstract = {Endophytic fungi can establish symbiosis with host plant and promote plant growth in a sustainable way. In this study, a previously-isolated plant growth-promoting endophytic fungus JRF1 was deeply studied. JRF1 could colonize Arabidopsis and tomato seedlings and promote their growth. Through sequencing the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and 18S rRNA gene, JRF1 was identified as an Aureobasidium sp. strain. Transcriptome analysis indicated that JRF1 treatment up-regulated a majority of genes related to calcium signal and genes annotated as peroxidase and glutathione S- transferase. In addition, treatment with JRF1 activated the Aux/IAA (auxin/indole acetic acid) and cytokinin signaling, while down-regulated genes involved in JA/ETH (jasmonic acid/ethylene) pathways. Split co-culture assay not only demonstrated that JRF1 significantly promoted the Arabidopsis growth by direct contacting the seedlings, but also suggested JRF1 could exhibit positive effects in a non-contact manner. Subsequently, metabolome analysis revealed that JRF1 produced many soluble metabolites which might be responsible for plant growth-promoting, and the releasing volatile organic compounds (VOCs) of JRF1 was also isolated and detected. Finally, we found that both cell-free supernatant (CFS) of JRF1 and its fermentation solution could outstandingly promote the plant growth, suggesting its possible role as a microbial fertilizer. Our results uncovered the interaction mode between JRF1 and host plant, proposing that the combined action of JRF1 with its metabolites resulted in the enhanced plant growth.},
}
@article {pmid40048810,
year = {2025},
author = {Vishal, CR and Gauns, MU and Pratihary, AK and Sadaiappan, B},
title = {Unprecedented warming impacts on phytoplankton and special emphasis on diatom-diazotroph associations in the oligotrophic waters of the Eastern Arabian sea.},
journal = {Marine environmental research},
volume = {207},
number = {},
pages = {107038},
doi = {10.1016/j.marenvres.2025.107038},
pmid = {40048810},
issn = {1879-0291},
abstract = {The impact of anomalous warming on the phytoplankton dynamics in the euphotic zone (0-60 m depth) of the eastern Arabian Sea (EAS) during the southwest monsoon (SWM-2020) was investigated along the 68°E transect from 8°N to 21°N. During SWM-2020, sea surface temperatures (SSTs) along the transect exceeded 28 °C, with temperatures of ∼29-30 °C recorded in the North of the Findlater Jet Axis (NFJA). The active Findlater Jet (FJ) modulated the thermocline, causing shallower thermocline in the North EAS (NEAS, 16-21°N) and deeper thermocline in the South EAS (SEAS, 8-15°N). The increased stratification due to warming reduced the vertical mixing and exacerbated the oligotrophic condition within the MLDs in the NEAS. High dissolved inorganic silicate and phosphorous with low nitrate concentrations favouring dinoflagellates and diatom-diazotroph associations (DDAs) within the MLDs, particularly in the NEAS. In the NEAS, heterocystous cyanobacteria Richelia was abundant as free-living and in endosymbiosis with Rhizosolenia and Hemiaulus, while coccoid cells of Crocosphaera, symbiotic with Climacodium sp., thrived in both SEAS and NEAS indicating a critical role of dissolved iron in distribution of DDAs. DDAs were abundant in subsurface waters (25-40 m) and rare or absent within the nutricline and subsurface chlorophyll maximum (SCM, 40-60 m depths). High dissolved ammonium concentration in the NEAS indicated that N2 fixed by DDAs could be supplied into N-limited waters. A high abundance of unhealthy and moribund host-symbiotic stages suggests extreme warming, and shallower nitracline could harm DDAs in the EAS. This study highlights the importance of DDAs in the EAS, which remains poorly understood, and whose underestimation in N2 and C fixation can impact the regional nitrogen and carbon budgets.},
}
@article {pmid40047399,
year = {2025},
author = {Liu, L and Guo, Q and Han, X and Yuan, F and Wei, C},
title = {Critical time of transovarial transmission of bacteriome-associated symbionts and related molecular mechanisms in cicada Hyalessa maculaticollis.},
journal = {Insect science},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/1744-7917.70014},
pmid = {40047399},
issn = {1744-7917},
support = {32070476//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 32270496//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; },
abstract = {Obligate endosymbionts of sap-sucking auchenorrhynchan insects of Hemiptera colonize the bacteriomes and are transmitted vertically through the ovaries to the offspring of host insects, but the critical time of symbiont transmission and molecular mechanisms underlying the process remain unknown. We used histological and transmission electron microscopy, 16S rDNA amplification sequencing and transcriptome analyses to explore the vertical transmission of bacteriome-associated symbionts in the cicada Hyalessa maculaticollis. We find that the symbiont Candidatus Karelsulcia muelleri (hereafter Karelsulcia) proliferates and changes shape after the adult cicadas emerged for 3 h, which is then extruded to the hemolymph from the basal membrane of bacteriome units. The yeast-like fungal symbiont (YLS) harbored in bacteriome sheath cells is released freely along with Karelsulcia. As ovaries mature, Karelsulcia and YLS infect oocytes of cicadas that had emerged for 60 h, and begin to gather at the posterior pole of oocytes, where they form a symbiont ball in each oocyte. Expressions of genes associated with cytoskeletal organization, endocytosis, amino acid transporter and lipid synthesis increase in the newly emerged adults, mediating the transport of substances during the transmission of symbionts. The amino acid-sensitive mechanistic target of the rapamycin pathway is one of the crucial pathways coordinating the vesicle-mediated symbiotic transmission. The insulin signaling pathway potentially together with insect hormones synergically regulate insect fertility and affect yolk deposition, which is closely related to the symbiont infection of ovaries. This study highlights the importance of signaling pathways in regulating the vertical transmission of symbionts in sap-feeding auchenorrhynchan insects.},
}
@article {pmid40046898,
year = {2025},
author = {Chen, A and Covitz, RM and Folsom, AA and Mu, X and Peck, RF and Noh, S},
title = {Symbiotic T6SS affects horizontal transmission of Paraburkholderia bonniea among Dictyostelium discoideum amoeba hosts.},
journal = {ISME communications},
volume = {5},
number = {1},
pages = {ycaf005},
pmid = {40046898},
issn = {2730-6151},
support = {P20 GM103423/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/United States ; },
abstract = {Three species of Paraburkholderia are able to form facultative symbiotic relationships with the amoeba, Dictyostelium discoideum. These symbiotic Paraburkholderia share a type VI secretion system (T6SS) that is absent in other close relatives. We tested the phenotypic and transcriptional effect of tssH ATPase gene disruption in P. bonniea on its symbiosis with D. discoideum. We hypothesized that the ∆tssH mutant would have a significantly reduced ability to affect host fitness or transmit itself from host to host. We found that the T6SS does not directly affect host fitness. Instead, wildtype P. bonniea had significantly higher rates of horizontal transmission compared to ∆tssH. In addition, we observed significant differences in the range of infection prevalence achieved by wildtype vs. ∆tssH symbionts over multiple host social stages in the absence of opportunities for environmental symbiont acquisition. Successful symbiont transmission significantly contributes to sustained symbiotic association. Therefore, the shared T6SS appears necessary for a long-term evolutionary relationship between D. discoideum and its Paraburkholderia symbionts. The lack of difference in host fitness outcomes was confirmed by indistinguishable host gene expression patterns between hosts infected by wildtype or ∆tssH P. bonniea in an RNA-seq time series. These data also provided insight into how Paraburkholderia symbionts may evade phagocytosis by its amoeba host. Most significantly, cellular oxidant detoxification and lysosomal hydrolase delivery appear to be subject to the push and pull of host-symbiont crosstalk.},
}
@article {pmid40046318,
year = {2025},
author = {Ma, Y and Xiao, C and Liu, J and Ren, G},
title = {Nutrient-dependent regulation of symbiotic nitrogen fixation in legumes.},
journal = {Horticulture research},
volume = {12},
number = {3},
pages = {uhae321},
pmid = {40046318},
issn = {2662-6810},
abstract = {Mineral nutrients are essential for plant growth and development, playing a critical role in the mutualistic symbiosis between legumes and rhizobia. Legumes have evolved intricate signaling pathways that respond to various mineral nutrients, selectively activating genes involved in nodulation and nutrient uptake during symbiotic nitrogen fixation (SNF). Key minerals, including nitrogen, calcium, and phosphorus, are vital throughout the SNF process, influencing signal recognition, nodule formation, the regulation of nodule numbers, and the prevention of nodule early senescence. Here, we review recent advancements in nutrient-dependent regulation of root nodule symbiosis, focusing on the systemic autoregulation of nodulation in nitrate-dependent symbiosis, the roles of nodule inception-like proteins, and the function of essential nutrients and their associated transporters in legume symbiosis. Additionally, we discuss several key research areas that require further exploration to deepen our understanding of nutrient-dependent mechanisms in SNF.},
}
@article {pmid40045656,
year = {2025},
author = {Zhang, M and Zhao, X and Ren, X},
title = {Research Progress on the Mechanisms of Algal-Microorganism Symbiosis in Enhancing Large-Scale Lipid Production.},
journal = {Journal of agricultural and food chemistry},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1021/acs.jafc.4c11580},
pmid = {40045656},
issn = {1520-5118},
abstract = {Microalgae, characterized by their exceptional lipid content, rapid growth, and robust adaptability, represent a promising biological resource. In natural and engineered ecosystems, microalgae engage in intricate symbiotic relationships with diverse microorganisms, a dynamic interplay essential for ecological resilience and metabolic optimization. This review examines the role of symbiotic microorganisms in microalgal growth and lipid accumulation, with particular emphasis on the biological regulatory mechanisms that govern these processes. These include nutrient exchange, phytohormone-mediated growth stimulation, cofactors, and quorum-sensing-driven community coordination. The review highlights how these microbial interactions facilitate optimal lipid production by enhancing metabolic pathways, thereby improving the efficiency of lipid accumulation in microalgae. Furthermore, the review investigates horizontal gene transfer as an evolutionary driver that fortifies algal-microbial consortia against environmental stressors, enabling robust performance in fluctuating conditions. The integration of these biological insights holds transformative potential for advancing next-generation bioenergy platforms, where algal-microbial systems could play a pivotal role in enhancing biofuel production, wastewater treatment, and sustainable agriculture.},
}
@article {pmid40044917,
year = {2025},
author = {Štůsková, K and Vavřiník, A and Hakalová, E and Čechová, J and Gramaje, D and Eichmeier, A},
title = {Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi strongly influence the endorhizosphere of grapevine rootstock with soil type as a key factor.},
journal = {Mycorrhiza},
volume = {35},
number = {2},
pages = {17},
pmid = {40044917},
issn = {1432-1890},
support = {CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_025/0007314//Ministerstvo &#x160;kolstv&#xed;, Ml&#xe1;de&#x17e;e a T&#x11b;lov&#xfd;chovy/ ; CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_025/0007314//Ministerstvo &#x160;kolstv&#xed;, Ml&#xe1;de&#x17e;e a T&#x11b;lov&#xfd;chovy/ ; CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_025/0007314//Ministerstvo &#x160;kolstv&#xed;, Ml&#xe1;de&#x17e;e a T&#x11b;lov&#xfd;chovy/ ; CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_025/0007314//Ministerstvo &#x160;kolstv&#xed;, Ml&#xe1;de&#x17e;e a T&#x11b;lov&#xfd;chovy/ ; IGA-ZF/2022-ST2-004//Internal Grant Agency, Mendel university in Brno/ ; IGA-ZF/2022-ST2-004//Internal Grant Agency, Mendel university in Brno/ ; },
mesh = {*Mycorrhizae/physiology ; *Vitis/microbiology ; *Soil Microbiology ; *Soil/chemistry ; Czech Republic ; Plant Roots/microbiology ; Mycobiome ; Basidiomycota/genetics/physiology ; Rhizosphere ; Phosphorus/metabolism/analysis ; },
abstract = {Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) play a crucial role in enhancing the health and productivity of host plants, including grapevine. By forming symbiotic relationships with plant roots, AMF significantly improve water uptake and nutrient absorption, particularly phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N). This study evaluated the microbiome composition and AMF colonization in the grapevine endorhizosphere across five wine-growing sub-regions in the Czech Republic. In all five sub-regions, in terms of composition of the fungal microbiome, the phyla Ascomycetes and Basidiomycetes were most numerous. Additionally, the study confirmed that LSU primers are more sensitive than ITS primers for AMF sequencing. While the representation of the phylum Glomeromycetes ranged from 0.07% to 5.65% in the ITS library, it was significantly higher, ranging from 83.74% to 98.71%, in the LSU library. The most significant difference compared to other sub-regions was observed in the Slovácko sub-region, where the soil had a low pH, a different texture (sandy loam), reduced micronutrient concentration, and low organic matter. The application of chemical plant protection products to grapevines also could have played a significant role, with 49 applications recorded in the Slovácko sub-region during the three years preceding sample collection. In other sub-regions, chemical treatments were conducted only 19-26 times. These factors resulted in only trace amounts of AMF being detected in Slovácko. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that AMF positively influenced the phosphorus concentration in the soil and reduced the presence of certain fungal pathogens.},
}
@article {pmid40042989,
year = {2025},
author = {da Silva, DMG and Marques, M and Couceiro, JF and Santos, E and Baylina, N and Costa, R and Keller-Costa, T},
title = {Endozoicomonas lisbonensis sp. nov., a novel marine bacterium isolated from the soft coral Litophyton sp. at Oceanário de Lisboa in Portugal.},
journal = {International journal of systematic and evolutionary microbiology},
volume = {75},
number = {3},
pages = {},
pmid = {40042989},
issn = {1466-5034},
mesh = {*RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics ; *Phylogeny ; *Anthozoa/microbiology ; *Base Composition ; Portugal ; *DNA, Bacterial/genetics ; Animals ; *Fatty Acids/chemistry/analysis ; *Bacterial Typing Techniques ; *Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Genome, Bacterial ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Seawater/microbiology ; Whole Genome Sequencing ; },
abstract = {This study describes a Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped, facultatively anaerobic bacterial species isolated from the octocoral Litophyton sp. inhabiting the live coral aquarium at Oceanário de Lisboa in Portugal. Four strains, NE35, NE40[T], NE41 and NE43, were classified into the genus Endozoicomonas by means of 16S rRNA gene and whole-genome sequence homologies. We then performed phylogenetic, phylogenomic and biochemical analyses to examine their novel species status within the Endozoicomonas genus, based on comparisons with the designated novel type strain NE40[T]. The closest 16S rRNA gene relatives to strain NE40[T] are Endozoicomonas montiporae CL-33[T] (98.2%), Endozoicomonas euniceicola EF212[T] (97.6%) and Endozoicomonas gorgoniicola PS125[T] (97.2%). The four strains show genome-wide average nucleotide identity scores above the species level cut-off (95%) with one another and below the cut-off with all Endozoicomonas type strains with publicly available genomes. Digital DNA-DNA hybridization further supported the classification of the strains as a novel species, showing values below 70% when compared with other Endozoicomonas type strains. The DNA G+C content of NE40[T] was 49.0 mol%, and its genome size was 5.45 Mb. Strain NE40[T] grows from 15 to 37 °C, with 1-5% (w/v) NaCl, and between pH 6.0 and 8.0 in marine broth and shows optimal growth at 28-32 °C, 2-3% NaCl and pH 7.0-8.0. The predominant cellular fatty acids are summed feature 3 (C16 : 1 ω6c and/or C16 : 1 ω7c), summed feature 8 (C18 : 1 ω6c and/or C18 : 1 ω7c), C16 :0 and C14 :0. Strain NE40[T] presents oxidase, catalase and β-galactosidase activities and can reduce nitrates to nitrites and degrade cellulose, chitin, agarose and xylan. Based on the polyphasic approach employed in this study, we propose the novel species name Endozoicomonas lisbonensis sp. nov. (type strain NE40[T]=DSM 118084[T]=UCCCB 212[T]).},
}
@article {pmid40042528,
year = {2025},
author = {Zaki, H and Hussein, MA and El-Dawy, EGAM},
title = {Diversity and Symbiotic Associations of Endophytic Fungi in Calotropis procera (Aiton) W.T. Aiton (Asclepiadaceae) Across Three Egyptian Regions: Phenotypic Characterization and Mitotic Activity.},
journal = {Microbial ecology},
volume = {88},
number = {1},
pages = {10},
pmid = {40042528},
issn = {1432-184X},
mesh = {*Endophytes/physiology/isolation &amp; purification/classification ; Egypt ; *Fungi/classification/physiology/isolation &amp; purification ; *Calotropis/microbiology ; *Biodiversity ; *Symbiosis ; Soil Microbiology ; Mitosis ; Phenotype ; },
abstract = {Endophytic fungi are essential contributors to fungal biodiversity, playing key roles in plant defense against pathogens, alleviation of abiotic stress, and promotion of growth. This study conducted a comprehensive survey of the phenotypic characterization of Calotropis procera and its associated endophytic fungi across three regions in Egypt: Qena-Safaga, Qena, and Qena-Kosseir. Positive and significant Pearson correlations among plant morphological traits suggest intrinsic connections. Fungal species diversity exhibited significant variation across the three regions examined. Particularly, the Qena-Kosseir region demonstrated the highest fungal species richness both in soil samples and endophytic fungi. Unique to this region, Allocanariomyces tritici, Aspergillus terreus, Chaetomium globosum, C. murorum, Cladosporium cladosporioides, C. sphaerospermum, Fusarium proliferatum, Penicillium crustosum, P. granulatum, P. spinuloseum, and Roussoella intermedia were identified as endophytes. Additionally, compared to other regions, the Qena-Kosseir area exhibited the presence of Aspergillus fumigatus, A. ochraceus, A. ornatus, A. sclerotiocabonarus, Drechslera halodes, Emericella echinulata, Fusarium oxysporum, and Macrophomina phaseolina in soil samples, underscoring its distinct fungal community composition. Furthermore, antimitotic assays using the Allium cepa test revealed distinct effects of endophytic extracts on various mitotic stages. Of the 33 treatments, 11 showed an increase in the mitotic index (MI), indicating a potential positive effect on plant growth and cell division. This study offers valuable insights into the diversity and functional roles of endophytic fungi associated with C. procera, highlighting their promising applications in sustainable agriculture and plant health management.},
}
@article {pmid40042419,
year = {2025},
author = {Zaura, E},
title = {[The microbiome and the first 1,000 days of life].},
journal = {Nederlands tijdschrift voor tandheelkunde},
volume = {132},
number = {3},
pages = {112-117},
doi = {10.5177/ntvt.2025.03.24064},
pmid = {40042419},
issn = {0028-2200},
mesh = {Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant ; *Microbiota/physiology ; Female ; Pregnancy ; },
abstract = {A healthy human being lives in symbiosis with his microbes or microbiome. The first 1,000 days of life are crucial for developing a healthy and diverse microbiome. The development of a healthy microbiome begins as early as in the womb, where the training of the fetal immune cells begins. Next, the child s microbiome is influenced by the method of delivery during the birthing process. The largest and most important phase is the postnatal period. In this last phase, the child s environment, the behaviour and lifestyle of its caregivers, and the child itself are the main determinants of developing and maintaining a healthy microbiome.},
}
@article {pmid40041502,
year = {2025},
author = {Hamprakorn, K and Maneewan, B and Jantasin, W and Lani, MN and Moonmanee, T and Panatuk, J},
title = {Effect of extracted phycocyanin by-products as a synbiotic supplement on the production performance and intestinal morphology of broilers.},
journal = {Veterinary world},
volume = {18},
number = {1},
pages = {52-59},
pmid = {40041502},
issn = {0972-8988},
abstract = {BACKGROUND AND AIM: The extracted phycocyanin by-products retain nutritional value, including proteins, polysaccharides, and bioactive compounds, which have the potential as feed supplements in broiler production. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of by-products acquired during phycocyanin extraction, which is used as a novel synbiotic supplement, on the production performance and intestinal health of broilers in a tropical climate.<br><br>MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 240 one-day-old male Ross 308 broilers were randomly distributed among five dietary treatment groups; they received a diet supplemented with a synbiotic product (probiotic [Lactobacillus johnsonii] at least 1.0 &#xd7; 10[8] colony-forming unit/mg with prebiotic [by-product of phycocyanin extraction]) at 0.000%, 0.025%, 0.050%, 0.075%, and 0.100%. We investigated the effects of dietary synbiotic supplements on the growth performance, meat quality, intestinal morphology, and cecal bacterial population of broiler chickens aged 35 days.<br><br>RESULTS: Synbiotics used as a dietary supplement did not affect the growth performance of broilers during any experimental period (p > 0.05); however, it significantly increased the redness of meat and decreased the levels of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances on days 3 and 7 of storage (p < 0.05). Moreover, synbiotics significantly improved the height and surface area of villi in the duodenum and jejunum (p < 0.05).<br><br>CONCLUSION: The study demonstrated that dietary supplementation with 0.1% synbiotics, incorporating a by-product of phycocyanin extraction, did not significantly influence the growth performance of broiler chickens. However, it positively affected meat quality by increasing redness and reducing lipid oxidation during storage. Additionally, synbiotic supplementation significantly enhanced intestinal health by improving the villi height and surface area in the duodenum and jejunum, highlighting its potential benefits for broiler intestinal morphology and meat quality in tropical climates. Further research is recommended to explore the mechanisms underlying these effects and their implications for long-term poultry health and productivity.},
}
@article {pmid40038092,
year = {2025},
author = {Million, WC and Voolstra, CR and Perna, G and Puntin, G and Rowe, K and Ziegler, M},
title = {Resolving Symbiodiniaceae Diversity Across Coral Microhabitats and Reef Niches.},
journal = {Environmental microbiology},
volume = {27},
number = {3},
pages = {e70065},
pmid = {40038092},
issn = {1462-2920},
support = {//German Academic Exchange Service/ ; 469364832//Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft/ ; SPP 2299/441832482//Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft/ ; //King Abdullah University of Science and Technology/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Coral Reefs ; *Anthozoa ; *Dinoflagellida/classification/genetics/physiology ; *Ecosystem ; *Symbiosis ; *Biodiversity ; Seawater/microbiology ; Phylogeny ; Indian Ocean ; },
abstract = {Dinoflagellates of the family Symbiodiniaceae are important symbionts of diverse marine animals and they also occupy different environmental niches on coral reefs. The link between diversity at ecosystem-scale to microhabitats of Symbiodiniaceae within the coral holobiont is largely unknown. Using ITS2-amplicon sequencing, we compared Symbiodiniaceae communities across four environments (seawater, near-reef vs. distant sediments and turf algae) and two coral microhabitats (tissue, mucus) on a coral reef in the Red Sea. We found that coral and environmental habitats were both dominated by the genera Symbiodinium, Cladocopium and Durusdinium, but environmental habitats additionally harboured Fugacium, Gerakladium and Halluxium. Each environmental habitat harboured a distinct Symbiodiniaceae community. Nonetheless, 17 ITS2 sequences were shared among coral and environmental habitats and were also part of nearly half of the ITS2 type profiles in coral-based communities. Tissues and mucus of 49 coral colonies from 17 genera had largely identical Symbiodiniaceae communities. Together with the large difference between environmental Symbiodiniaceae communities and those in the coral tissue and mucus, our results indicate a clear barrier between host-associated and environmental Symbiodiniaceae communities marked by only few shared complete type profiles. Monitoring coral colonies after mucus sampling confirmed its suitability for long-term monitoring of coral-associated Symbiodiniaceae communities.},
}
@article {pmid40037901,
year = {2025},
author = {Williamson, E and Hill, K and Hogendoorn, K and Eisenhofer, R},
title = {The bacterial community associated with the solitary resin bee Megachile tosticauda throughout its life cycle.},
journal = {FEMS microbiology ecology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/femsec/fiaf023},
pmid = {40037901},
issn = {1574-6941},
abstract = {Unlike in eusocial bees where the identity, acquisition and function of symbiotic microbes is well understood, little is known about the relationships formed between solitary bees and bacteria. Assessing the potential role of microbes in solitary bee health is important, especially in the face of global bee declines. Early evidence suggests solitary bee microbiomes differ between bee species and development stages, but the reported bacteria are often indistinguishable from environmental taxa. Here, we use metabarcoding of the 16S rRNA gene to characterise the bacterial communities associated with solitary resin bee Megachile tosticauda. We describe the microbiome at different lifecycle stages, and within pollen provisions, and investigate indirect inheritance from nesting substrate upon eclosion. The microbiome of adult M. tosticauda was consistent between samples, and the bacterial composition of larval pollen supplies changed with progressing larval development. In wild adults and pollen provisions, the genus Acinetobacter - a common nectar associate - dominated the communities. In prepupae and frass Tyzzerella dominated, a genus that has been found in a number of other immature bee systems. Intriguingly, while wild adults did not harbour Tyzzerella, all bees that had newly emerged from the nest did. The combined observations show that M. tosticauda acquire their bacterial community from the environment, and Tyzzerella may represent a beneficial symbiont for mature brood.},
}
@article {pmid40037293,
year = {2025},
author = {Delherbe, NA and Gomez, O and Plominsky, AM and Oliver, A and Manzanera, M and Kalyuzhnaya, MG},
title = {Atmospheric methane consumption in arid ecosystems acts as a reverse chimney and is accelerated by plant-methanotroph biomes.},
journal = {The ISME journal},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/ismejo/wraf026},
pmid = {40037293},
issn = {1751-7370},
abstract = {Drylands cover one-third of the Earth's surface and are one of the largest terrestrial sinks for methane. Understanding the structure-function interplay between members of arid biomes can provide critical insights into mechanisms of resilience toward anthropogenic and climate-change-driven environmental stressors-water scarcity, heatwaves, and increased atmospheric greenhouse gases. This study integrates in situ measurements with culture-independent and enrichment-based investigations of methane-consuming microbiomes inhabiting soil in the Anza-Borrego Desert, a model arid ecosystem in Southern California, United States. The atmospheric methane consumption ranged between 2.26 to 12.73 μmol m2 h-1, peaking during the daytime at vegetated sites. Metagenomic studies revealed similar soil-microbiome compositions at vegetated and unvegetated sites, with Methylocaldum being the major methanotrophic clade. Eighty-four metagenome-assembled genomes were recovered, six represented by methanotrophic bacteria (three Methylocaldum, two Methylobacter, and uncultivated Methylococcaceae). The prevalence of copper-containing methane monooxygenases in metagenomic datasets suggests a diverse potential for methane oxidation in canonical methanotrophs and uncultivated Gammaproteobacteria. Five pure cultures of methanotrophic bacteria were obtained, including four Methylocaldum. Genomic analysis of Methylocaldum isolates and metagenome-assembled genomes revealed the presence of multiple stand-alone methane monooxygenase subunit C paralogs, which may have functions beyond methane oxidation. Furthermore, these methanotrophs have genetic signatures typically linked to symbiotic interactions with plants, including tryptophan synthesis and indole-3-acetic acid production. Based on in situ fluxes and soil microbiome compositions, we propose the existence of arid-soil reverse chimneys, an empowered methane sink represented by yet-to-be-defined cooperation between desert vegetation and methane-consuming microbiomes.},
}
@article {pmid40036591,
year = {2025},
author = {Huang, YT and Abdrabo, KAE and Phang, GJ and Fan, YH and Wu, YT and Ou, JH and Hulcr, J},
title = {Genome diversification of symbiotic fungi in beetle-fungus mutualistic symbioses.},
journal = {The ISME journal},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/ismejo/wraf039},
pmid = {40036591},
issn = {1751-7370},
abstract = {Ambrosia beetles and their fungal symbionts represent a widespread and diverse insect-fungus mutualism. This study investigates the genomic adaptations associated with the evolution of the ambrosia lifestyle across multiple fungal lineages. We performed comparative genomic analyses on 70 fungal genomes from four families (Irpicaceae, Ceratocystidaceae, Nectriaceae, and Ophiostomataceae), including 24 ambrosia and 34 non-ambrosia lineages. Our phylogenomic analyses reveal multiple independent colonization of insect vectors by the fungi, spanning from the mid-Cretaceous (114.6 Ma) to the early Quaternary (1.9 Ma). Contrary to expectations for obligate symbionts, ambrosia fungi showed no significant genome-wide modification in size, gene count, or secreted protein repertoire compared to their non-symbiotic relatives. Instead, we observed conservation of most assessed genomic features; where genome traits differ between free-living relatives and ambrosia fungi, the changes are lineage-specific, not convergent. Key findings include lineage-specific expansions in carbohydrate-active enzyme families (AA4 in Nectriaceae, CE4 in Ophiostomataceae, and GH3 in Ophiostomataceae and Ceratocystidaceae), suggesting potential enhancement or loss of lignin modification, hemicellulose deacetylation, and cellulose degradation in different ambrosia lineages. Repeat-Induced Point mutation analysis revealed family-specific patterns rather than lifestyle-associated differences. These results highlight the diverse genomic strategies employed by ambrosia fungi, demonstrating that symbiont evolution can proceed through refined, lineage-specific changes rather than genome-wide, or convergent alterations. Our genomic analyses do not reveal patterns typically associated with domestication in these ambrosia fungi, suggesting they may represent free-living fungi that co-opted wood boring beetles as vectors through subtle, lineage-specific adaptations.},
}
@article {pmid40034670,
year = {2025},
author = {Adair, MG and Tolley, KA and van Vuuren, BJ and da Silva, JM},
title = {Anthropogenic reverberations on the gut microbiome of dwarf chameleons (Bradypodion).},
journal = {PeerJ},
volume = {13},
number = {},
pages = {e18811},
pmid = {40034670},
issn = {2167-8359},
mesh = {Animals ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome/genetics/physiology ; *RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics ; *Lizards/microbiology ; Feces/microbiology ; Ecosystem ; Bacteria/genetics/classification/isolation &amp; purification ; },
abstract = {Exploration of the microbiome has been referred to as a final frontier in biological research. This is due to its precedence for generating insights on the holistic functioning of organismal biology by exploring the interactions between hosts and their associated symbiotic organisms. The microbiomes of many vertebrate groups still require exploration to advance current knowledge and fill previous knowledge gaps. This study generated initial descriptions of the bacterial microbiomes of three species of dwarf chameleon (Bradypodion) from the 16S rRNA gene region targeting the V3 and V4 hypervariable regions. This led to the successful identification of 1,073 and 4,502 independent amplicon sequence variants from buccal swab and faecal material samples, respectively. This newly acquired information is intended as a baseline for future work incorporating holobiont information. The diversity of microbial taxa suggests that the total dwarf chameleon microbiome is similar to other squamates investigated to date, as well as chelonians (Testudines). Microbial frequency differences were noted in comparison to crocodilians (Archosauria) and mammalian groups. Furthermore, this study aimed to examine the influence of habitat transformation on the composition of the microbiome in dwarf chameleons as each of the study species occupy both urban and natural habitats. Given that most urban habitats are highly transformed, the expectation was that microbial assemblages of the gastro-intestinal tracts of all three Bradypodion species would show significant differences between populations (i.e., natural, or urban). It was found, however, that the level of effect was contingent on species: B. melanocephalum populations showed noticeable microbiome differences between urban and natural populations; B. thamnobates showed variations in microbial community dispersions between populations; and B. setaroi showed no significant microbiome differences based on diversity metrics although some frequency differences, in microbiome composition, were observed between populations. We suggest that the magnitude of difference between the habitats occupied by the populations is a factor, given the apparent disparity between the natural and urban habitats for B. melanocephalum as compared to the other two species.},
}
@article {pmid40034156,
year = {2025},
author = {Li, Z and Wei, J and Du, W and Huang, R and Song, L and Tian, Q and Zhou, X},
title = {Environmental response strategies for the spatial distribution of seed plants in Gansu.},
journal = {Frontiers in plant science},
volume = {16},
number = {},
pages = {1526269},
pmid = {40034156},
issn = {1664-462X},
abstract = {The interplay between plant diversity and environmental response strategies is crucial for ecosystem adaptability and stability. A central focus in modern ecology is elucidating how environmental factors shape plant diversity patterns and regulate species distributions across heterogeneous landscapes. This study employed Joint Species Distribution Model (JSDM) to quantitatively analyze the influence of environmental variables on plant spatial distributions in Gansu Province, China, while examining interspecies interactions under varying conditions. Results demonstrated that environmental factors explained 95.4% of the variance, highlighting their predominant role in determining plant distributions. Habitat type accounted for the largest share of variance (33.5%), followed by elevation (22.1%), mean annual temperature (20.3%), mean annual precipitation (15.1%), and solar radiation (4.4%). Species' responses to environmental covariates were predominantly independent, with weak phylogenetic correlation (posterior mean: 0.17), reflecting limited ecological niche conservatism at the family level. Geographically, regions such as the northern Qilian foothills, Lanzhou-Baiyin wilderness, Loess Plateau, and Gannan Plateau exhibited negative correlations with most plant families, functioning as critical limiting or driving factors in spatial variability. Additionally, 33.7% of seed plant families showed negative correlations with light intensity, underscoring its role as a major limiting factor. Provincially, competition does not primarily constrain seed plant coexistence in Gansu. Regionally, however, pronounced differences in environmental responses were observed. In the northwest, solar radiation (37%) and precipitation (25%) were dominant drivers of plant distribution, while in the southeast, solar radiation (36.3%) and elevation (34.7%) were predominant. These findings underscore that species co-occurrence patterns are scale-dependent and influenced by regional resource availability. In resource-abundant southeastern areas, plant families displayed positive co-occurrence patterns indicative of mutualistic or symbiotic interactions, whereas resource-scarce northwestern areas experienced intensified negative co-occurrences due to heightened interspecific competition. This study highlights the critical role of environmental gradients in structuring seed plant distributions in Gansu, providing insights into the interaction of ecological adaptation and evolutionary history in shaping plant diversity. By identifying the drivers of plant distribution across heterogeneous environments, this research offers significant implications for biodiversity conservation and plant resource management strategies in Gansu Province, while contributing to a broader understanding of plant-environment dynamics in complex ecosystems.},
}
@article {pmid40033450,
year = {2025},
author = {Liu, L and Chen, C and Li, S},
title = {Efficacy of cognitive behavioral group counseling in enhancing the psychological resilience and academic emotion of urban primary school students.},
journal = {BMC psychology},
volume = {13},
number = {1},
pages = {189},
pmid = {40033450},
issn = {2050-7283},
mesh = {Humans ; Male ; *Resilience, Psychological ; Female ; Child ; *Emotions ; China ; *Students/psychology/statistics &amp; numerical data ; *Counseling/methods ; *Schools ; *Cognitive Behavioral Therapy/methods ; Urban Population/statistics &amp; numerical data ; },
abstract = {This study explores the intricate relationship between psychological resilience and academic emotions in urban primary school students, highlighting the transformative effects of cognitive behavioral group counseling (CBGC) on enhancing resilience. Conducted in Huangshan City, Anhui Province, China, the research involved 575 students from five schools, utilizing questionnaires adapted from standard psychological instruments to assess their psychological resilience and academic emotions. Our findings reveal that robust psychological resilience significantly increases positive academic emotions (t = 0.374, 0.591, P < 0.01) and decreases negative ones (t= -0.541, -0.664, P < 0.01). Furthering our investigation, 36 students were selected and divided into experimental and control groups. The experimental group received a tailored CBGC program aimed at bolstering psychological resilience, while the control group engaged in after-school sports. The CBGC intervention, customized with culturally relevant content, age-appropriate language, and engaging activities, showed a significant post-intervention improvement in the experimental group's psychological resilience (t = 2.546, P < 0.05) and positive academic emotions (t = 2.546, 3.607, P < 0.01), alongside a notable reduction in negative emotions (t=-3.761,-2.038,P < 0.05).This study underscores the symbiotic relationship between psychological resilience and academic emotions among urban primary school students and demonstrates the efficacy of CBGC in fostering emotional balance and resilience. These insights have profound implications for educators and psychologists dedicated to nurturing a well-rounded and emotionally resilient student body.Trial Registration This study was registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR) on February 10, 2023, with registration number ChiCTR2300061594.},
}
@article {pmid40033186,
year = {2025},
author = {Yu, J and Liu, C and Wang, D and Wan, P and Cheng, L and Yan, X},
title = {Integrated microbiome and metabolome analysis reveals altered gut microbial communities and metabolite profiles in dairy cows with subclinical mastitis.},
journal = {BMC microbiology},
volume = {25},
number = {1},
pages = {115},
pmid = {40033186},
issn = {1471-2180},
support = {No.2023BBB058//Key Research and Development Program of Hubei Province/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; Cattle ; Female ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; *Mastitis, Bovine/microbiology ; *Metabolome ; *Feces/microbiology ; *Bacteria/classification/isolation &amp; purification/genetics/metabolism ; *RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics ; Dysbiosis/microbiology/veterinary ; Metabolomics/methods ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Dairy cow mastitis is a common and prevalent disease arose by various complicated pathogeny, which poses serious threat to the health of cows, safety of dairy product and economic benefits for pastures. Due to the high stealthiness and long incubation period, subclinical mastitis (SM) of cows causes enormous economic losses. Besides the infection by exogenous pathogenic microorganisms, previous studies demonstrated that gastrointestinal microbial dysbiosis is one of the crucial causes for occurrence and development of mastitis based on the theory of entero-mammary axis. Whereas, limited researches have been conducted on potential pathological metabolic mechanisms underlying the relationship between gut microbiota and SM in cows.<br><br>RESULTS: The differences in blood parameters, gut microbiome, plasma and fecal metabolome between healthy and SM cows were compared by performing 16&#xa0;S rDNA sequencing and non-targeted metabolomic analysis in the current study. The content of total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and activity of catalase (CAT), total antioxidant capacity(T-AOC) were significantly decreased, while malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration was dramatically increased in serum of SM cows in comparison with healthy cows. The gut of cows with SM harbored more abundant Cyanobacteria, Proteobacteria, Succinivibrio and Lactobacillus_iners. Moreover, the abundance of Paraprevotella, Coprococcus, Succiniclasticum, Desulfovibrio and Bifidobacterium_pseudolongum were observably reduced in the gut of SM cows. Furthermore, higher abundance of pro-inflammatory metabolites were observed in feces (9(S)-HPODE, 25-hydroxycholesterol, dodecanedioic acid, etc.) and plasma (9-hydroxy-10,12-octadecadienoic acid, 13,14-dihydro PGF1&#x3b1;, 5,6-dehydro arachidonic acid, myristic acid, histamine, etc.) of SM cows. The abundance of certain metabolites with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties (mandelic acid, gamma-tocotrienol, deoxycholic acid, etc.) were notably decreased in feces or plasma of cows with SM.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: The intestinal microbial composition and metabolic profiles of healthy and SM cows were significantly distinct, that were characterized by decreased abundance of intestinal symbiotic bacteria, potential probiotics and anti-inflammatory, antioxidant compounds, along with increased abundance of potential pro-inflammatory bacteria, lipid metabolites, and the occurrence of oxidative stress in cows suffered from SM. The results of this study further enriched our understanding of the correlations between gut microbiota and metabolic profiles and SM, which provided insight into the formulation of management strategies for SM in cows.},
}
@article {pmid40033103,
year = {2025},
author = {Santana-Molina, C and Williams, TA and Snel, B and Spang, A},
title = {Chimeric origins and dynamic evolution of central carbon metabolism in eukaryotes.},
journal = {Nature ecology &amp; evolution},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {40033103},
issn = {2397-334X},
support = {grant agreement No. 947317 (ASymbEL)//EC | EU Framework Programme for Research and Innovation H2020 | H2020 Priority Excellent Science | H2020 European Research Council (H2020 Excellent Science - European Research Council)/ ; 735929LPI//Simons Foundation/ ; GBMF9741//Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation (Gordon E. and Betty I. Moore Foundation)/ ; },
abstract = {The origin of eukaryotes was a key event in the history of life. Current leading hypotheses propose that a symbiosis between an asgardarchaeal host cell and an alphaproteobacterial endosymbiont represented a crucial step in eukaryotic origin and that metabolic cross-feeding between the partners provided the basis for their subsequent evolutionary integration. A major unanswered question is whether the metabolism of modern eukaryotes bears any vestige of this ancestral syntrophy. Here we systematically analyse the evolutionary origins of the eukaryotic gene repertoires mediating central carbon metabolism. Our phylogenetic and sequence analyses reveal that this gene repertoire is chimeric, with ancestral contributions from Asgardarchaeota and Alphaproteobacteria operating predominantly in glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid cycle, respectively. Our analyses also reveal the extent to which this ancestral metabolic interplay has been remodelled via gene loss, transfer and subcellular retargeting in the >2 billion years since the origin of eukaryotic cells, and we identify genetic contributions from other prokaryotic sources in addition to the asgardarchaeal host and alphaproteobacterial endosymbiont. Our work demonstrates that, in contrast to previous assumptions, modern eukaryotic metabolism preserves information about the nature of the original asgardarchaeal-alphaproteobacterial interactions and supports syntrophy scenarios for the origin of the eukaryotic cell.},
}
@article {pmid40033038,
year = {2025},
author = {Sakaguchi, K and Sugawara, K and Hosokawa, Y and Ito, J and Morita, Y and Mizuma, H and Watanabe, Y and Kimura, Y and Aburaya, S and Takahashi, M and Izumi, Y and Bamba, T and Komada, H and Yamada, T and Hirota, Y and Yoshida, M and Nogami, M and Murakami, T and Ogawa, W},
title = {Metformin-regulated glucose flux from the circulation to the intestinal lumen.},
journal = {Communications medicine},
volume = {5},
number = {1},
pages = {44},
pmid = {40033038},
issn = {2730-664X},
support = {22K18393//MEXT | Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS)/ ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Through a retrospective analysis of existing FDG PET-MRI images, we recently demonstrated that metformin increases the accumulation of FDG in the intestinal lumen, suggesting that metformin stimulates glucose excretion into the intestine. However, the details of this phenomenon remain unclear. We here investigate the detailed dynamics of intestinal glucose excretion, including the rate of excretion and the metabolism of excreted glucose, in both the presence and absence of metformin.<br><br>METHODS: We quantified intestinal glucose excretion using newly developed FDG PET-MRI-based bioimaging in individuals with type 2 diabetes, both treated and untreated with metformin. The metabolism of excreted glucose was analyzed through mass spectrometry of fecal samples from mice intravenously injected with [13]C-labeled glucose.<br><br>RESULTS: Continuous FDG PET/MRI image taking reveals that FDG is initially observed in the jejunum, suggesting its involvement in FDG excretion. Metformin-treated individuals excrete a significant amount of glucose (~1.65&#x2009;g&#x2009;h[-1] per body) into the intestinal lumen. In individuals not receiving metformin, a certain amount of glucose (~0.41&#x2009;g&#x2009;h[-1]per body) is also excreted into the intestinal lumen, indicating its physiological importance. Intravenous injection of [13]C-labeled glucose in mice increases the content of [13]C in short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) extracted from feces, and metformin increased the incorporation of [13]C into SCFAs.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: A previously unrecognized, substantial flux of glucose from the circulation to the intestinal lumen exists, which likely contributes to the symbiosis between gut microbiota and the host. This flux represents a potential target of metformin's action in humans.},
}
@article {pmid40032241,
year = {2025},
author = {Stock, SP and Hazir, S},
title = {The bacterial symbionts of Entomopathogenic nematodes and their role in symbiosis and pathogenesis.},
journal = {Journal of invertebrate pathology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {108295},
doi = {10.1016/j.jip.2025.108295},
pmid = {40032241},
issn = {1096-0805},
abstract = {Entomopathogenic bacteria in the genera Xenorhabdus and Photorhabdus are mutualistically associated with entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN) Steinernema and Heterorhabditis, respectively. Together they form an insecticidal partnership which has been shown to kill a wide range of insect species. The spectrum of dependence in this symbiotic partnership is diverse, ranging from a tight, obligate relationship to a facultative one. A body of evidence suggests that the reproductive fitness of the nematode-bacterium partnership is tightly associated and interdependent. Furthermore, maintenance of their virulence is also critical to the conversion of the insect host as a suitable environment where this partnership can be perpetuated. Disruption of the symbiotic partnership can have detrimental effects on the fitness of both partners. The nematode-bacterial symbiont-insect partnership represents a model system in ecology and evolutionary biology and amenable to investigate beneficial and antagonistic interactions between invertebrates and microbes. Furthermore, the EPN's bacterial symbionts are also viewed as a model system to study the biosynthesis, structure and function of various natural products. Their ability to produce up to 25 different natural product classes is outstanding among the Morganellaceae. These natural products show biological activity, most likely originating from important functions during the life cycle of both the nematodes and their symbionts. Tools and high throughput technologies have been developed to identify ubiquitous and rare molecules and study their function and assess their potential as novel biological activities. We herein summarize the symbiotic relationship between EPN and their bacterial symbionts, focusing on their fitness and their ability to successfully access and utilize an insect host. We also recapitulate the history of natural products research highlighting recent findings and the synthetic biology approaches that are currently implemented to identify non-natural derivatives from Xenorhabdus and Photorhabdus with improved biological activity.},
}
@article {pmid40031421,
year = {2025},
author = {Wang, B and Guo, Y and Li, X and Dong, C and Sha, H and Li, H and Zhao, Z and Li, T},
title = {Phytostabilization potential and microbial response to the reclamation of native Cynodon dactylon in spoil heaps from a multiple-metal mining site in Southwest China.},
journal = {Journal of environmental management},
volume = {378},
number = {},
pages = {124758},
doi = {10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.124758},
pmid = {40031421},
issn = {1095-8630},
abstract = {Phytocapping offers a sustainable approach for managing exposed tailings by mitigating pollutant spread and enhancing phytoremediation. This study investigates the potential of Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) as a pioneering plant for rehabilitating tailings from an open-pit lead-zinc mine in Southwest China. Our findings demonstrate that Bermudagrass significantly improved soil quality and multifunctionality compared to adjacent bare tailings. Soil improvements included increases in organic matter (107%), total and available nitrogen (50% and 110%, respectively), available phosphorus (170%), and soil enzyme activities, including β-glucosidase (170%), sucrase (1729%), alkaline phosphatase (3722%), and acid phosphatase (168%). The reclamation process also promoted microbial community succession, altering community composition, improving microbial diversity, and enhancing bacterial biomass from (0.89 ± 0.54) × 10[15] to (9.06 ± 3.25) × 10[15] copies/g in rhizosphere soils. Greenhouse experiments further confirmed Bermudagrass's resilience to cadmium (Cd), with both mining and non-mining ecotypes thriving in tailing soils and Cd[2+] hydroponic solutions (up to 44.5 μM) without evident phytotoxicity. Bermudagrass roots exhibited exceptional Cd accumulation (bioconcentration factor: 181-1006) while minimizing Cd translocation to shoots (translocation factor: <0.13). Inoculation with Funneliformis mosseae, a restored root-mutually symbiotic fungus, further mitigated Cd-induced phytotoxicity and enhanced plant growth. These findings highlight Bermudagrass as a promising pioneer species for phytostabilization in severely contaminated mining environments, with its rhizosphere microbiome playing a critical role in facilitating ecosystem restoration. Sustainable plant establishment in mine waste rock requires concurrent development of belowground fertility and healthy rhizospheric soil. Ultimately, successful revegetation depends on integrated above and belowground development to achieve long-term ecological restoration.},
}
@article {pmid40031102,
year = {2025},
author = {Pang, Q and Qu, D and Li, W and Zhou, J and Yang, Y and Wang, L and Zheng, D and Liu, Y and Zhang, R and Yang, L and Wu, F and Zhang, X and Su, H},
title = {Muti-omics insights the enhancement of drought tolerance in sweet cherry with dark septate endophyte S16.},
journal = {Plant physiology and biochemistry : PPB},
volume = {222},
number = {},
pages = {109716},
doi = {10.1016/j.plaphy.2025.109716},
pmid = {40031102},
issn = {1873-2690},
abstract = {Drought stress severely limits the growth and productivity of sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.). Dark septate endophytes (DSEs) are a group of root-associated fungi known to enhance plant stress tolerance. This study aimed to explore the role of DSE fungus S16 in improving drought tolerance in sweet cherry seedlings and to reveal the underlying molecular and microbial mechanisms through a multi-omics approach. Physiological analysis showed that S16 inoculation improved plant growth, increased relative water content, photosynthetic rate, and antioxidant enzyme activities, while reducing ion leakage and oxidative damage under drought conditions. Metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses identified key metabolic pathways, particularly flavonoid and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, as being significantly activated, with upregulation of genes such as PAL, 4CL and CHS, and increased accumulation of metabolites like cinnamic acid (CA) and flavonoid derivatives. Exogenous application of CA at 0.5 mM further enhanced drought resistance by reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, increasing proline accumulation, and boosting antioxidant enzyme activities. Rhizosphere microbiota analysis revealed that S16 symbiosis and CA treatment under drought conditions increased the abundance of beneficial bacteria, such as members of Sphingomonas, Stenotrophobacter and Parcubacteria, while promoting the dominance of Humicola and Fusarium fungi. These findings provide multi-omics evidence for the role of S16 in enhancing drought tolerance in sweet cherry, offering a theoretical basis for the application of DSE fungi in sustainable fruit tree production.},
}
@article {pmid40030960,
year = {2025},
author = {Wang, H and Yu, Z and Ren, Z and Zhang, Y and Liu, J and Wang, L and Guo, B},
title = {FingHV: Efficient Sharing and Fine-Grained Scheduling of Virtualized HPU Resources.},
journal = {IEEE transactions on cybernetics},
volume = {PP},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1109/TCYB.2024.3518569},
pmid = {40030960},
issn = {2168-2275},
abstract = {While artificial intelligence (AI) technology has advanced in real-world applications, there is a strong motivation to develop hybrid systems where AI algorithms and humans collaborate, promoting more human-centered approaches in AI system design. This has led to the emergence of a novel human-machine computing (HMC) paradigm, which combines human cognitive abilities with machine computational power to create a collaborative computing framework that meets the demands of large-scale, complex tasks and enables human-machine symbiosis. Human processing units (HPUs) are crucial computing resources in HMC-oriented systems, and efficient HPU resource provisioning is key to boosting system performance. However, existing schemes often fail to assign tasks to the most suitable HPUs and optimize HPU utility, as they either cannot quantitatively measure skills or overlook utility concerns during task assignment and scheduling. To address these challenges, this article proposes a fine-grained HPU virtualization (FingHV) approach, which leverages virtualization techniques to improve flexibility, fairness, and utility in the provisioning process. The core idea is to use a tree-based skill model to precisely measure the levels and correlations of multiple skills within individual HPUs, and to apply a mixed time/event-based scheduling policy to maximize HPU utility. Specifically, we begin by proposing a hierarchical multiskill tree to model HPU skills and their correlations. Next, we formulate the HPU virtualization problem and present a fine-grained virtualization method, which includes a quality-driven HPU assignment process and a mixed time/event-based scheduling policy to improve resource-sharing efficiency. Finally, we evaluate FingHV on a synthetic dataset with varying task sizes and a real-world case. The results demonstrate that FingHV improves global matching quality by up to 39.7% and increases HPU utility by 11.2% compared to the baselines.},
}
@article {pmid40028341,
year = {2025},
author = {Yang, H and Li, J and Niu, Y and Zhou, T and Zhang, P and Liu, Y and Li, Y},
title = {Interactions between the metabolic reprogramming of liver cancer and tumor microenvironment.},
journal = {Frontiers in immunology},
volume = {16},
number = {},
pages = {1494788},
pmid = {40028341},
issn = {1664-3224},
mesh = {Humans ; *Tumor Microenvironment/immunology ; *Liver Neoplasms/metabolism/immunology/pathology ; Animals ; Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts/metabolism/immunology ; Cellular Reprogramming ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/metabolism/immunology/pathology ; Energy Metabolism ; Hepatic Stellate Cells/metabolism ; Metabolic Reprogramming ; },
abstract = {Metabolic reprogramming is one of the major biological features of malignant tumors, playing a crucial role in the initiation and progression of cancer. The tumor microenvironment consists of various non-cancer cells, such as hepatic stellate cells, cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), immune cells, as well as extracellular matrix and soluble substances. In liver cancer, metabolic reprogramming not only affects its own growth and survival but also interacts with other non-cancer cells by influencing the expression and release of metabolites and cytokines (such as lactate, PGE2, arginine). This interaction leads to acidification of the microenvironment and restricts the uptake of nutrients by other non-cancer cells, resulting in metabolic competition and symbiosis. At the same time, metabolic reprogramming in neighboring cells during proliferation and differentiation processes also impacts tumor immunity. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the metabolic crosstalk between liver cancer cells and their tumor microenvironment, deepening our understanding of relevant findings and pathways. This contributes to further understanding the regulation of cancer development and immune evasion mechanisms while providing assistance in advancing personalized therapies targeting metabolic pathways for anti-cancer treatment.},
}
@article {pmid40027183,
year = {2025},
author = {Wang, H and Hu, J and Ma, Y and Abulimiti, Y and Zhou, Y},
title = {Lung commensal bacteria promote lung cancer progression through NK cell-mediated immunosuppressive microenvironment.},
journal = {International journal of medical sciences},
volume = {22},
number = {5},
pages = {1039-1051},
pmid = {40027183},
issn = {1449-1907},
mesh = {Humans ; *Lung Neoplasms/immunology/microbiology/pathology ; Animals ; *Killer Cells, Natural/immunology ; *Tumor Microenvironment/immunology ; Mice ; *Disease Progression ; Lung/immunology/microbiology/pathology ; Symbiosis/immunology ; Microbiota/immunology ; Adenocarcinoma of Lung/immunology/microbiology/pathology ; Interferon-gamma/immunology/metabolism ; Cell Proliferation ; Male ; Receptors, Immunologic/metabolism/immunology ; },
abstract = {Symbiotic microbiota pervades the majority of the human body's organs and tissues, functioning as crucial regulators of both health maintenance and disease progression. Pertinently, lung adenocarcinoma has been indisputably linked to chronic inflammation. However, the precipitators that instigate such inflammation, along with the particular immune mediators involved, remain enigmatic and warrant extensive exploration. This research revealed a significant variance exists in the commensal bacteria between lung cancer tissues and their normal counterparts. This holds true for both clinical patients and mice, where both the diversity and abundance of bacteria in tumor tissues significantly surpass those in normal tissues. It has been demonstrated that disturbances in pulmonary commensal bacteria can stimulate the proliferation of tumor cells. Mechanistically, we suggest that lung bacteria may promote the expression of the NK cell immunosuppressive molecule TIGIT along with the secretion of IL-2 and IFN-γ. This consequently mediates alterations in the immunosuppressive microenvironment, thereby fostering tumor proliferation.},
}
@article {pmid40025656,
year = {2025},
author = {Reyes-Pérez, PJ and Jiménez-Guerrero, I and Sánchez-Reina, A and Civantos, C and Castro, NM and Ollero, FJ and Gandullo, J and Bernal, P and Pérez-Montaño, F},
title = {The Type VI Secretion System of Sinorhizobium fredii USDA257 Is Required for Successful Nodulation With Glycine max cv Pekin.},
journal = {Microbial biotechnology},
volume = {18},
number = {3},
pages = {e70112},
pmid = {40025656},
issn = {1751-7915},
support = {IJC2020-045968-I//Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovaci&#xf3;n y Universidades/ ; PID2020-118279RA-I00//Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovaci&#xf3;n y Universidades/ ; PID2021-123000OB-I00//Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovaci&#xf3;n y Universidades/ ; RYC2019-026551-I//Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovaci&#xf3;n y Universidades/ ; //10.13039/501100011033-AgenciaEstataldeInvestigaci&#xf3;n/ ; //State Subprogram for Knowledge Generation from the Spanish Minister of Science, Innovation and Universities (MICIU), the Spanish State Research Agency (AEI)/ ; //MICIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033/ ; },
mesh = {*Sinorhizobium fredii/genetics/metabolism/physiology ; *Plant Root Nodulation ; *Symbiosis ; *Glycine max/microbiology ; *Type VI Secretion Systems/genetics/metabolism ; Plant Roots/microbiology ; Bacterial Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Root Nodules, Plant/microbiology ; },
abstract = {The symbiotic relationship between rhizobia and legumes is critical for sustainable agriculture and has important economic and environmental implications. In this intricate process, rhizobial bacteria colonise plant roots and induce the formation of specialised plant organs, the nodules. Within these structures, rhizobia fix environmental nitrogen into ammonia, significantly reducing the demand for synthetic fertilisers. Multiple bacterial secretion systems (TXSS, Type X Secretion System) are involved in establishing this symbiosis, with T3SS being the most studied. While the Type 6 Secretion System (T6SS) is known as a "nanoweapon" commonly used by diderm (formerly gram-negative) bacteria for inter-bacterial competition and potentially manipulating eukaryotic cells, its precise role in legume symbiosis remains unclear. Sinorhizobium fredii USDA257, a fast-growing rhizobial strain capable of nodulating diverse legume plants, possesses a single T6SS cluster containing genes encoding structural components and potential effectors that could target plant cells and/or act as effector-immunity pairs. Our research reveals that this T6SS can be induced in nutrient-limited conditions and, more importantly, is essential for successful nodulation and competitive colonisation of Glycine max cv Pekin. Although the system did not demonstrate effectiveness in eliminating competing bacteria in vitro, its active presence within root nodules suggests a sophisticated role in symbiotic interactions that extends beyond traditional interbacterial competition.},
}
@article {pmid40025068,
year = {2025},
author = {Hu, W and Gao, H and Cui, C and Wang, L and Wang, Y and Li, Y and Li, F and Zheng, Y and Xia, T and Wang, S},
title = {Harnessing engineered symbionts to combat concurrent malaria and arboviruses transmission.},
journal = {Nature communications},
volume = {16},
number = {1},
pages = {2104},
pmid = {40025068},
issn = {2041-1723},
support = {32021001 and 32370537//National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China)/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Symbiosis ; *Serratia/genetics/physiology ; *Mosquito Vectors/virology/microbiology/parasitology ; *Anopheles/parasitology/virology ; *Malaria/transmission ; *Aedes/virology/microbiology/parasitology ; Zika Virus/physiology/genetics ; Humans ; Zika Virus Infection/transmission/virology ; Arboviruses/physiology/genetics ; Arbovirus Infections/transmission ; Dengue/transmission/virology ; Dengue Virus/genetics/physiology ; Female ; Genetic Engineering ; Plasmodium/physiology/genetics ; },
abstract = {Concurrent malaria and arbovirus infections pose significant public health challenges in tropical and subtropical regions, demanding innovative control strategies. Here, we describe a strategy that employs multifunctional engineered symbiotic bacteria to suppress concurrent transmission of malaria parasites, dengue, and Zika viruses by various vector mosquitoes. The symbiotic bacterium Serratia AS1, which efficiently spreads through Anopheles and Aedes populations, is engineered to simultaneously produce anti-Plasmodium and anti-arbovirus effector proteins controlled by a selected blood-induced promoter. Laboratory and outdoor field-cage studies show that the multifunctional engineered symbiotic strains effectively inhibit Plasmodium infection in Anopheles mosquitoes and arbovirus infection in Aedes mosquitoes. Our findings provide the foundation for the use of engineered symbiotic bacteria as a powerful tool to combat the concurrent transmission of malaria and arbovirus diseases.},
}
@article {pmid40023108,
year = {2025},
author = {Zou, H and Huang, X and Xiao, W and He, H and Liu, S and Zeng, H},
title = {Recent advancements in bacterial anti-phage strategies and the underlying mechanisms altering susceptibility to antibiotics.},
journal = {Microbiological research},
volume = {295},
number = {},
pages = {128107},
doi = {10.1016/j.micres.2025.128107},
pmid = {40023108},
issn = {1618-0623},
abstract = {The rapid spread of multidrug-resistant bacteria and the challenges in developing new antibiotics have brought renewed international attention to phage therapy. However, in bacteria-phage co-evolution, the rapid development of bacterial resistance to phage has limited its clinical application. This review consolidates the latest advancements in research on anti-phage mechanisms, encompassing strategies such as systems associated with reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD[+]) to halt the propagation of the phage, symbiotic bacteria episymbiont-mediated modulation of gene expression in host bacteria to resist phage infection, and defence-related reverse transcriptase (DRT) encoded by bacteria to curb phage infections. We conduct an in-depth analysis of the underlying mechanisms by which bacteria undergo alterations in antibiotic susceptibility after developing phage resistance. We also discuss the remaining challenges and promising directions for phage-based therapy in the future.},
}
@article {pmid40022356,
year = {2025},
author = {Li, Y and Wu, Y and Chen, S and Zhao, Y and Li, C and Xiang, H and Wang, D and Wang, Y},
title = {Decoding the aroma landscape of fermented golden pompano: The interplay of ester compounds and symbiotic microbiota as revealed by metagenomics and two-dimensional flavoromics.},
journal = {Food research international (Ottawa, Ont.)},
volume = {203},
number = {},
pages = {115832},
doi = {10.1016/j.foodres.2025.115832},
pmid = {40022356},
issn = {1873-7145},
mesh = {*Metagenomics/methods ; *Fermentation ; *Volatile Organic Compounds/analysis/metabolism ; *Esters/metabolism/analysis ; *Microbiota ; Odorants/analysis ; Taste ; Seafood/microbiology ; Flavoring Agents/metabolism ; Animals ; Fermented Foods/microbiology ; Symbiosis ; },
abstract = {Fermented pompano (Trachinotus ovatus) is a traditionally popular fermented seafood throughout Asia. Its distinctive flavor profile is primarily attributed to the microbial metabolic conversion of nutrients, which produces specific volatile compounds. Two-dimensional flavoromics of mature pompano revealed that various volatile flavor compounds accumulate throughout fermentation, with fruity (predominantly esters) and oleogustus (primarily ketones) being key flavor markers. S-curve analysis further demonstrated synergistic and additive interactions between these compounds, which enhance flavor release. Metagenomics and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genome analysis revealed that amino acid metabolism was the pivotal pathway for ethyl ester synthesis, with Staphylococcus equorum being positively correlated with esters such as ethyl isobutyrate and ethyl enanthate. This study elucidated the interrelationship between flavor compounds and the microbial community in fermented pompano, which is expected to provide insights into flavor modulation and guide the selection of strains that produce key esters in fermented seafood products.},
}
@article {pmid40021818,
year = {2025},
author = {Tavares, GG and Santana, LR and da Silva, LN and Teixeira, MB and da Silva, AA and Cabral, JSR and Souchie, EL},
title = {Morpho-physiological traits of soybean plants in symbiosis with Gigaspora sp. and submitted to water restriction.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {7133},
pmid = {40021818},
issn = {2045-2322},
mesh = {*Glycine max/microbiology/physiology/growth &amp; development ; *Mycorrhizae/physiology ; *Water/metabolism ; *Symbiosis/physiology ; Photosynthesis ; Plant Roots/microbiology ; Glomeromycota/physiology ; Plant Leaves/microbiology/physiology ; Plant Transpiration/physiology ; },
abstract = {In agricultural production, periods in which there is a lack of water can affect the productivity of soybean crops. One alternative is the use of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), which maximize water absorption, biochemical regulation, leaf elasticity and transpiration, and water use regulation. The present study aimed to analyze the morphological and physiological traits of soybean plants associated with Gigaspora margarita and Gigaspora gigantea submitted to water restriction in nonsterilized soil. The soybean plants received 31 g of the AMF Gigaspora margarita or 46 g of Gigaspora gigantea separately at sowing and were cultivated in a greenhouse under natural light conditions with controlled relative humidity and temperature. Water restriction was imposed when the plants reached the V3 stage and were divided into three levels: irrigated (80%), moderate (60%), and severe (40%) field capacity (FC). The experimental design was completely randomized in a 3 × 3 factorial design (three inoculation treatments × three water restriction levels). Physiological and morphological parameters, photosynthetic pigments, electrolyte leakage, root colonization of soybean plants, and percentage of fungal spores were evaluated. The inoculation of Gigaspora gigantea promoted the adaptation of physiological (photosynthesis rate, transpiration, stomatal conductance, Ci/Ca ratio, and carboxylation) and morphological traits (plant height and stem diameter), with greater colonization of soybean roots under conditions of water restriction, and maximized the tolerance of plants to drought, mitigating the negative effects of these conditions regardless of the level of water restriction. Mycorrhizal inoculation promoted better functioning of the photosynthetic apparatus and growth of soybean plants.},
}
@article {pmid40020154,
year = {2025},
author = {Hincher, MR and Carleton, JP and Wheeler, SJ and DelCogliano, M and Mathis, K and Tabima, JF},
title = {Ubiquity and diversity of Basidiobolus across amphibian species inhabiting an urbanization gradient.},
journal = {Mycologia},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-13},
doi = {10.1080/00275514.2025.2455909},
pmid = {40020154},
issn = {1557-2536},
abstract = {The role of microfungal species in the environment is wide and well documented, especially in terms of symbiosis. Nonetheless, microfungal species are usually overseen and vastly understudied. One example of these understudied microfungal groups is the genus Basidiobolus, an ecologically diverse zoopagomycete genus found within vertebrate gastrointestinal systems, a saprobe across leaf litter, or as an opportunistic pathogen of immunocompromised humans. Studies of Basidiobolus diversity and distribution have been focused mostly on non-urbanized areas of subtropical regions, but there is a recent paucity of studies on this genus in temperate and densely human populated areas. Here, we present insights into the ubiquity and diversity of Basidiobolus species associated with amphibian species that live in the Worcester waterway system, a system of connecting streams and ponds that originate in pristine, protected wild management areas, and the highly urbanized downtown area of Worcester, Massachusetts. Our results show the ubiquitous presence of Basidiobolus across the gastrointestinal tract samples of amphibians spanning diverse species and habitats, including conservation areas, urban watersheds, and rural ecosystems. Our study reveals that multiple individuals and species of Basidiobolus coexist within a single host, suggesting complex interactions within amphibian gut microbiomes. Finally, we present possible novel diversity in the genus, indicating that further studies should be focused on understanding the species richness, genetic diversity, and ecological roles and associations of this interesting fungal group.},
}
@article {pmid40018897,
year = {2025},
author = {Khoury, M and Evans, B and Guleria, T and Van Der Broeke, J and Vamvakeridou-Lyroudia, L and Chen, O and Mustafee, N and Chen, A and Djordjevic, S and Savic, D},
title = {Towards the development of an online platform for an industry metabolic pathway.},
journal = {Water science and technology : a journal of the International Association on Water Pollution Research},
volume = {91},
number = {4},
pages = {382-399},
pmid = {40018897},
issn = {0273-1223},
support = {869318//Horizon 2020 Framework Programme/ ; },
mesh = {*Water Purification/methods ; Industrial Waste ; Metabolic Networks and Pathways ; Internet ; Waste Disposal, Fluid/methods ; Wastewater ; },
abstract = {This paper presents the design of a web-based decision co-creation platform to showcase water treatment technologies connected via industrial symbiosis for a circular economy approach. The platform is developed as part of the EU H2020-funded ULTIMATE project. This system initially investigates three case studies focusing respectively on: water and nutrient recovery in greenhouses, pre-treatment of wastewater from olive mills before integration into communal wastewater systems, and value-added compound recovery from wastewater in a juice factory. These cases are then merged into one abstract composite example showing all three aspects of the problem, connecting greenhouses, juice factories, and olive mills, describing a pioneering form of industrial 'metabolic network' of the circular economy. This work describes the modelling framework, the online platform and the interactive visualisations that allow users to explore the industrial symbiosis configurations enabled by the metabolic pathway. The platform thus serves as a decision support tool that merges circular economy and industrial symbiosis, as well as a pedagogical tool.},
}
@article {pmid40017177,
year = {2025},
author = {Palladini, A and Moyano, A and Díaz, V and Rasuk, MC and Giudice, A and Castillo, G and Abraham, S and Dib, J and Manzano, C and Rull, J},
title = {Ceratitis capitata microbiota and its effect on environmental stress tolerance: making flies stronger.},
journal = {Insect science},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/1744-7917.70010},
pmid = {40017177},
issn = {1744-7917},
support = {PICT 2018 number 03521//Fondo para la Investigaci&#xf3;n Cient&#xed;fica y Tecnol&#xf3;gica/ ; },
abstract = {Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) is a cosmopolitan pest of economic importance. It is controlled by using the Sterile Insect Technique (SIT), which involves rearing and release of sterile males destined to mate with wild females, causing generation-to-generation suppression. Medflies are colonized by microorganisms, primarily the Enterobacteriaceae, with the genera Klebsiella and Enterobacter being the most common. Such microbiota contributes to host fitness. During the SIT, diet with antibiotics and irradiation for sterility of adults alter microbiota. We aimed to determine the role of Medfly microbiota on resistance to abiotic stress conditions, evaluating its function under: (i) starvation, (ii) elevated temperatures, and (iii) dry environments. These conditions simulate challenges Medfly may encounter after release, which differ from controlled rearing environments. We compared adult survival between symbiotic and aposymbiotic individuals, under starvation, two thermal regimes (25 and 30 °C) or two humidity regimes (20%-25% and 80%-90% R.H.). Aposymbiotic individuals were obtained after providing them with water containing a mixture of antibiotics and methylparaben. Treatment with antimicrobials effectively reduced the gut microbiota. While starvation had no significant effect on survival, a higher proportion of aposymbiotic individuals died earlier at 30 °C and under dry humidity, with the effect being more pronounced after 48 h. Our results suggest that microbiota plays a role in adaptation of Medfly under environmental stress. We report for the presence of a culturable yeast in the digestive tract of C. capitata, Zygosaccharomyces rouxii. Providing a probiotic adult diet with bacteria and Z. rouxii prior to release could improve SIT outcomes under adverse conditions.},
}
@article {pmid40016887,
year = {2025},
author = {Yu, YH and Kurtenbach, J and Crosbie, D and Brachmann, A and Marín Arancibia, M},
title = {Pseudomonas Species Isolated From Lotus Nodules Are Genetically Diverse and Promote Plant Growth.},
journal = {Environmental microbiology},
volume = {27},
number = {3},
pages = {e70066},
pmid = {40016887},
issn = {1462-2920},
support = {MA 7269/2-2//Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft/ ; },
mesh = {*Lotus/microbiology/growth &amp; development ; *Pseudomonas/genetics/classification/isolation &amp; purification/growth &amp; development ; *Root Nodules, Plant/microbiology ; *Phylogeny ; *Genetic Variation ; Symbiosis ; Plant Roots/microbiology/growth &amp; development ; Genome, Bacterial ; Plant Development ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics ; },
abstract = {Nodules harbour microbial communities composed of rhizobia and other lower-abundance bacteria. These non-rhizobial bacteria can promote plant growth. However, their genomic diversity and how this relates to their plant growth-promoting traits remain poorly investigated. Here, we isolated 14 Pseudomonas strains from the nodules of Lotus plants, sequenced their genomes, analysed their genomic and phylogenetic diversity, and assessed their ability to promote plant growth. We identified five distinct species, including a novel species named Pseudomonas monachiensis sp. nov., with strain PLb12A[T], as the type strain. Genome analysis of these nodule-isolated Pseudomonas revealed an abundance of genes associated to plant growth-promoting traits, especially auxin-related genes, compared to closely related type strains. In accordance, most nodule-isolated Pseudomonas strains enhanced shoot growth of Lotus burttii, while only some promoted root growth or early onset of root hair proliferation. However, none of the strains significantly affected the ability to form nodules. Overall, our findings highlight the genotypic diversity and the plant growth-promoting potential of nodule-isolated Pseudomonas and underscore their possible applications in mixed inocula with rhizobia.},
}
@article {pmid40016206,
year = {2025},
author = {Das, D and Varshney, K and Ogawa, S and Torabi, S and Hüttl, R and Nelson, DC and Gutjahr, C},
title = {Ethylene promotes SMAX1 accumulation to inhibit arbuscular mycorrhiza symbiosis.},
journal = {Nature communications},
volume = {16},
number = {1},
pages = {2025},
pmid = {40016206},
issn = {2041-1723},
support = {Grant GU1423/1-2//Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (German Research Foundation)/ ; 57381412//Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst (German Academic Exchange Service)/ ; 22KJ3127//MEXT | Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS)/ ; },
mesh = {*Ethylenes/metabolism ; *Symbiosis ; *Mycorrhizae/physiology/drug effects ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Plant/drug effects ; *Lotus/microbiology/metabolism/genetics ; *Plant Growth Regulators/metabolism/pharmacology ; Lactones/metabolism/pharmacology ; Plant Roots/microbiology/metabolism ; Plant Proteins/metabolism/genetics ; Glomeromycota/physiology ; Signal Transduction/drug effects ; Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases/metabolism/genetics ; Pyrans/pharmacology/metabolism ; },
abstract = {Most land plants engage in arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) symbiosis with Glomeromycotina fungi for better access to mineral nutrients. The plant hormone ethylene suppresses AM development, but a molecular explanation for this phenomenon is lacking. Here we show that ethylene inhibits the expression of many genes required for AM formation in Lotus japonicus. These genes include strigolactone biosynthesis genes, which are needed for fungal activation, and Common Symbiosis genes, which are required for fungal entry into the root. Application of strigolactone analogs and ectopic expression of the Common Symbiosis gene Calcium Calmodulin-dependent Kinase (CCaMK) counteracts the effect of ethylene. Therefore, ethylene likely inhibits AM development by suppressing expression of these genes rather than by inducing defense responses. These same genes are regulated by SUPPRESSOR OF MAX2 1 (SMAX1), a transcriptional repressor that is proteolyzed during karrikin signaling. SMAX1 is required for suppression of AM by ethylene, and SMAX1 abundance in nuclei increases after ethylene application. We conclude that ethylene suppresses AM by promoting accumulation of SMAX1. SMAX1 emerges as a signaling hub that integrates karrikin and ethylene signaling, thereby orchestrating development of a major plant symbiosis with a plant's physiological state.},
}
@article {pmid40015991,
year = {2025},
author = {Chocarro-Calvo, A and Jociles-Ortega, M and García-Martinez, JM and Louphrasitthiphol, P and Carvalho-Marques, S and Vivas-García, Y and Ramírez-Sánchez, A and Chauhan, J and Fiuza, MC and Druan, M and Sánchez-Danés, A and Goding, CR and García-Jiménez, C},
title = {Fatty acid uptake activates an AXL-CAV1-β-catenin axis to drive melanoma progression.},
journal = {Genes &amp; development},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1101/gad.351985.124},
pmid = {40015991},
issn = {1549-5477},
abstract = {Interaction between the tumor microenvironment and cancer cell plasticity drives intratumor phenotypic heterogeneity and underpins disease progression and nongenetic therapy resistance. Phenotype-specific expression of the AXL receptor tyrosine kinase is a pivotal player in dormancy, invasion, and resistance to treatment. However, although the AXL ligand GAS6 is present within tumors, how AXL is activated in metastasizing cells remains unclear. Here, using melanoma as a model, we reveal that AXL is activated by exposure to human adipocytes and to oleic acid, a monounsaturated fatty acid abundant in lymph and in adipocytes. AXL activation triggers SRC-dependent formation and nuclear translocation of a β-catenin-CAV1 complex required for melanoma invasiveness. Remarkably, only undifferentiated AXL[High] melanoma cells engage in symbiosis with human adipocytes, in part by triggering WNT5a-mediated lipolysis, leading to AXL-dependent, but FATP-independent, fatty acid uptake and nuclear localization of the β-catenin-CAV1 complex. Significantly, human melanomas in the vicinity of adipocytes exhibit high levels of nuclear CAV1. The results unveil an AXL- and CAV1-dependent mechanism through which a nutritional input drives phenotype-specific activation of a prometastasis program. Given the key role of AXL in a broad range of cancers, the results offer major insights into the mechanisms of cancer cell dormancy and therapy resistance.},
}
@article {pmid40015875,
year = {2025},
author = {Zhong, Y and Wang, Q and Sun, F and Yu, X and Liu, Y and Shentu, X},
title = {Effects of tebuconazole on insecticidal activity and symbionts in brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Hemiptera: Delphacidae).},
journal = {Pesticide biochemistry and physiology},
volume = {208},
number = {},
pages = {106283},
doi = {10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106283},
pmid = {40015875},
issn = {1095-9939},
mesh = {Animals ; *Hemiptera/drug effects ; *Triazoles/pharmacology ; *Symbiosis ; *Fungicides, Industrial/pharmacology/toxicity ; *Insecticides/pharmacology ; },
abstract = {Harnessing symbionts as targets for pest management is an emerging and promising strategy that can contribute to sustainable agriculture and environmental protection. Brown planthopper (BPH), a major rice pest, significantly threatens crop yields and quality. In this study, we discovered that BPHs exhibited a significant increase in mortality after consuming the fungicide tebuconazole, indicating its direct toxic effect. Tebuconazole negatively impacts the body weight, digestive enzyme activity, and reproductive capacity in BPHs, and it also leads to a significant downregulation of the expression levels of the ecdysteroid biosynthetic genes. The number of symbionts and the expression level of Noda in the BPH treated with tebuconazole was significantly reduced. Sequencing results showed that tebuconazole had a significant effect on the richness of symbiotic fungi and bacteria in BPH. As a fungicide, tebuconazole can offer new approaches and insights for managing resistance and integrated pest control.},
}
@article {pmid40013383,
year = {2025},
author = {Pasinato, A and Singh, G},
title = {Lichens are a treasure chest of bioactive compounds: fact or fake?.},
journal = {The New phytologist},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/nph.70034},
pmid = {40013383},
issn = {1469-8137},
}
@article {pmid40012216,
year = {2025},
author = {Md-Zain, BM and Wan-Mustafa, WAS and Tingga, RCT and Gani, M and Mohd-Ridwan, AR},
title = {High-Throughput DNA Metabarcoding for the Gut Microbiome Assessment of Captive White-Handed Gibbon and Siamang.},
journal = {Journal of medical primatology},
volume = {54},
number = {2},
pages = {e70009},
doi = {10.1111/jmp.70009},
pmid = {40012216},
issn = {1600-0684},
support = {ST-2022-027//The National Conservation Trust Fund for Natural Resources (NCTF),/ ; ST-2021-017//Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome/genetics ; *DNA Barcoding, Taxonomic ; *Animals, Zoo/microbiology ; *Hylobates/microbiology ; *RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics ; *Bacteria/classification/genetics/isolation &amp; purification ; Feces/microbiology ; Malaysia ; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing/veterinary ; Hylobatidae/genetics/microbiology ; Male ; Female ; RNA, Bacterial/analysis/genetics ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The gut microbiota plays a vital role in primates' overall health and well-being, including small apes (Hylobatidae). The symbiotic relationships between bacteria and the gut aid food digestion, maintain host health, and help them adapt to their environment, including captive conditions. Despite being listed as endangered in the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) red list category, molecular studies on the small ape's gut microbiome are limited compared to other primates. This study aimed to characterize the gut microbiota of captive small apes at Zoo Taiping and Night Safari, Peninsular Malaysia, by evaluating their microbial communities.<br><br>METHODS: Seven fecal samples from Hylobatidae (white-handed gibbon and siamang) were collected, and the bacteria therein were successfully isolated and subjected to high-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene.<br><br>RESULTS: The acquired amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) were successfully classified into 17 phyla, 82 families, 164 genera, and 43 species of microbes. Each small ape exhibited a unique gut microbiota profile. The phyla Bacteroidota and Firmicutes were dominant in each individual. Environmental conditions and host genetics are among the factors that influence the small ape's gut microbiome composition.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: These findings provide valuable insights into the gut microbiota composition of small apes at Zoo Taiping and Night Safari, thus contributing to the health management and welfare efforts of small apes in captivity.},
}
@article {pmid40011773,
year = {2025},
author = {Oyarte Galvez, L and Bisot, C and Bourrianne, P and Cargill, R and Klein, M and van Son, M and van Krugten, J and Caldas, V and Clerc, T and Lin, KK and Kahane, F and van Staalduine, S and Stewart, JD and Terry, V and Turcu, B and van Otterdijk, S and Babu, A and Kamp, M and Seynen, M and Steenbeek, B and Zomerdijk, J and Tutucci, E and Sheldrake, M and Godin, C and Kokkoris, V and Stone, HA and Kiers, ET and Shimizu, TS},
title = {A travelling-wave strategy for plant-fungal trade.},
journal = {Nature},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {40011773},
issn = {1476-4687},
abstract = {For nearly 450 million years, mycorrhizal fungi have constructed networks to collect and trade nutrient resources with plant roots[1,2]. Owing to their dependence on host-derived carbon, these fungi face conflicting trade-offs in building networks that balance construction costs against geographical coverage and long-distance resource transport to and from roots[3]. How they navigate these design challenges is unclear[4]. Here, to monitor the construction of living trade networks, we built a custom-designed robot for high-throughput time-lapse imaging that could track over 500,000 fungal nodes simultaneously. We then measured around 100,000 cytoplasmic flow trajectories inside the networks. We found that mycorrhizal fungi build networks as self-regulating travelling waves-pulses of growing tips pull an expanding wave of nutrient-absorbing mycelium, the density of which is self-regulated by fusion. This design offers a solution to conflicting trade demands because relatively small carbon investments fuel fungal range expansions beyond nutrient-depletion zones, fostering exploration for plant partners and nutrients. Over time, networks maintained highly constant transport efficiencies back to roots, while simultaneously adding loops that shorten paths to potential new trade partners. Fungi further enhance transport flux by both widening hyphal tubes and driving faster flows along 'trunk routes' of the network[5]. Our findings provide evidence that symbiotic fungi control network-level structure and flows to meet trade demands, and illuminate the design principles of a symbiotic supply-chain network shaped by millions of years of natural selection.},
}
@article {pmid40011535,
year = {2025},
author = {Zhao, DX and Bai, Z and Yuan, YW and Li, SA and Wei, YL and Yuan, HS},
title = {Ectomycorrhizal fungal community varies across broadleaf species and developmental stages.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {6955},
pmid = {40011535},
issn = {2045-2322},
support = {32371732//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 32270017//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; U2102220//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; },
mesh = {*Mycorrhizae/genetics/physiology ; *Quercus/microbiology/growth &amp; development ; *Acer/microbiology/growth &amp; development ; China ; Forests ; Trees/microbiology/growth &amp; development ; Biodiversity ; Betula/microbiology/growth &amp; development ; Mycobiome ; Plant Roots/microbiology/growth &amp; development ; Ecosystem ; Symbiosis ; Fungi/classification/genetics ; Soil Microbiology ; },
abstract = {Ectomycorrhizal fungi (EMF) play pivotal roles in determining temperate forest ecosystem processes. We tracked root EMF community succession across saplings, juveniles, and adults of three temperate broadleaf trees (Acer mono, Betula platyphylla, and Quercus mongolica) in Northeast China. Adult stages showed higher alpha diversity but lower community dissimilarity compared to earlier stages. In particular, the EMF alpha diversity of Quercus mongolica marginally increased along with host developmental stages and ranked as sapling < juvenile < adult. Unlike those of Acer mono and Quercus mongolica, the EMF community composition of Betula platyphylla showed greater variation between the sapling and juvenile stages than between the sapling and adult stages. Cooccurrence networks revealed increasing interconnectivity with host maturity, dominated by positive correlations (> 99%). LEfSe was employed to identify stage- and/or host-specific EMF indicators. This study highlighted the assembly of EMF community during the development of broadleaf trees in temperate forests, thereby advancing understanding of the succession and coevolution of symbiotic relationships.},
}
@article {pmid40011474,
year = {2025},
author = {Kobayashi, Y and Kondo, Y and Kohda, M and Awata, S},
title = {Active provisioning of food to host sea anemones by anemonefish.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {4115},
pmid = {40011474},
issn = {2045-2322},
support = {23KJ1838//Japan Society for the Promotion of Science/ ; 22H02703//Japan Society for the Promotion of Science/ ; JPMJSP2139-RS22A027//Japan Science and Technology Agency/ ; 2021-4082//The Japan Science Society/ ; OCU-SRG2021_BR10//Osaka City University/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Sea Anemones/physiology ; *Symbiosis/physiology ; Feeding Behavior/physiology ; },
abstract = {In mutualistic symbiosis, organisms often provide food to their partners. However, the processes and significance of food provisioning to hosts remain poorly understood. The anemonefish Amphiprion clarkii, which prefers larger hosts, has been suggested to provide food to its host the sea anemone Entacmaea quadricolor. In the present study, we investigated food provisioning by anemonefish and its effects on the symbiotic relationships. When given foods of various sizes and types in the field, anemonefish selectively consumed small animal food (krill, clams, squid, and fish) and green macroalgae of small size, while providing larger pieces of animal food to their hosts. Additionally, the anemonefish avoided either eating or providing brown macroalgae and sponges to the host anemone, which appeared to be unsuitable as food for both anemonefish and sea anemones. When repeatedly provided small pieces of animal food, the anemonefish initially consumed the food themselves, but upon satiety, increased provisioning to the host. Food provisioning positively influenced the growth of host anemones. These findings suggest that anemonefish actively provide food to host anemones based on the situation, adding to our knowledge of the mutual benefits of symbiosis among partners.},
}
@article {pmid40011281,
year = {2025},
author = {Haider, K and Abbas, D and Galian, J and Ghafar, MA and Kabir, K and Ijaz, M and Hussain, M and Khan, KA and Ghramh, HA and Raza, A},
title = {The multifaceted roles of gut microbiota in insect physiology, metabolism, and environmental adaptation: implications for pest management strategies.},
journal = {World journal of microbiology &amp; biotechnology},
volume = {41},
number = {3},
pages = {75},
pmid = {40011281},
issn = {1573-0972},
mesh = {Animals ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome/physiology ; *Insecta/microbiology/physiology ; *Bacteria/classification/metabolism ; Symbiosis ; Adaptation, Physiological ; Pest Control/methods ; Insect Control/methods ; },
abstract = {Similar to many other organisms, insects like Drosophila melanogaster, Hypothenemus hampei, and Cockroaches harbor diverse bacterial communities in their gastrointestinal systems. These bacteria, along with other microorganisms like fungi and archaea, are essential to the physiology of their insect hosts, forming intricate symbiotic relationships. These gut-associated microorganisms contribute to various vital functions, including digestion, nutrient absorption, immune regulation, and behavioral modulation. Notably, gut microbiota facilitates the breakdown of complex plant materials, synthesizes essential vitamins and amino acids, and detoxifies harmful substances, including pesticides. Furthermore, these microorganisms are integral to modulating host immune responses and enhancing disease resistance. This review examines the multifaceted roles of gut microbiota in insect physiology, with particular emphasis on their contributions to digestion, detoxification, reproduction, and environmental adaptability. The potential applications of gut microbiota in integrated pest management (IPM) are also explored. Understanding the microbial dynamics within insect pest species opens new avenues for pest control, including developing microbial biocontrol agents, microbial modifications to reduce pesticide resistance, and implementing microbiome-based genetic strategies. In particular, manipulating gut microbiota presents a promising approach to pest management, offering a sustainable and eco-friendly alternative to conventional chemical pesticides.},
}
@article {pmid40009242,
year = {2025},
author = {Antunes, PM and Stürmer, SL and Bever, JD and Chagnon, PL and Chaudhary, VB and Deveautour, C and Fahey, C and Kokkoris, V and Lekberg, Y and Powell, JR and Aguilar-Trigueros, CA and Zhang, H},
title = {Enhancing consistency in arbuscular mycorrhizal trait-based research to improve predictions of function.},
journal = {Mycorrhiza},
volume = {35},
number = {2},
pages = {14},
pmid = {40009242},
issn = {1432-1890},
support = {RGPIN-2023-04103//Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada/ ; grant 403.711/2023-1 and Research Assistanship Process 306.676/2022-2//Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient&#xed;fico e Tecnol&#xf3;gico/ ; NSF DBI 2027458//U.S. National Science Foundation Division of Biological Infrastructure/ ; },
mesh = {*Mycorrhizae/physiology/genetics ; Soil Microbiology ; Plants/microbiology ; Symbiosis ; Ecosystem ; Glomeromycota/physiology/genetics ; },
abstract = {Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi (phylum Glomeromycota) are obligate symbionts with plants influencing plant health, soil a(biotic) processes, and ecosystem functioning. Despite advancements in molecular techniques, understanding the role of AM fungal communities on a(biotic) processes based on AM fungal taxonomy remains challenging. This review advocates for a standardized trait-based framework to elucidate the life-history traits of AM fungi, focusing on their roles in three dimensions: host plants, soil, and AM fungal ecology. We define morphological, physiological, and genetic key traits, explore their functional roles and propose methodologies for their consistent measurement, enabling cross-study comparisons towards improved predictability of ecological function. We aim for this review to lay the groundwork for establishing a baseline of AM fungal trait responses under varying environmental conditions. Furthermore, we emphasize the need to include underrepresented taxa in research and utilize advances in machine learning and microphotography for data standardization.},
}
@article {pmid40009197,
year = {2025},
author = {Kelleher, LA and Ramalho, MO},
title = {Impact of Species and Developmental Stage on the Bacterial Communities of Aphaenogaster Ants.},
journal = {Current microbiology},
volume = {82},
number = {4},
pages = {157},
pmid = {40009197},
issn = {1432-0991},
support = {7513312112//West Chester University/ ; },
mesh = {*Ants/microbiology ; Animals ; *Bacteria/classification/genetics/isolation &amp; purification ; *RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics ; *Microbiota ; Symbiosis ; DNA, Bacterial/genetics ; Pennsylvania ; Phylogeny ; Ecosystem ; Biodiversity ; },
abstract = {Ants are distributed across the globe and there are currently over 14,000 described species. Due to the high diversity between species, ants are considered vital keystone species to many ecosystems. They provide basic ecosystem services such as: seed dispersal, soil bioturbation, decomposition, and pest control. Within these ecosystems ants form complex symbiotic relationships with plants, fungi, and bacteria. Studying the interaction between ants and their bacteria is important because of the crucial role that microbes play in the overall health of ants. Aphaenogaster Mayr, 1853, which is a globally distributed ant genus, remains understudied in terms of their bacterial community. This study aims to determine the taxonomic composition and abundance of the Aphaenogaster bacterial community and to determine if development stage and species impact the bacterial community composition. For this study, ants from several colonies were collected from the Gordon Natural Area in West Chester, Pennsylvania, USA. DNA was then extracted from the ants in all stages of development and the 16S rRNA gene was amplified and sequencing following the NGS amplicon approach. The findings from this study reveal that species and development stage have a significant impact upon the bacterial community composition and abundance of Aphaenogaster ants, and Wolbachia is highly associated with these ants.},
}
@article {pmid40007963,
year = {2025},
author = {Zhang, J and Yang, X and Huo, C and Fan, X and Liu, Q and Liu, Z and Su, Y and Chen, Z},
title = {Eucalyptus grandis WRKY genes provide insight into the role of arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis in defense against Ralstonia solanacearum.},
journal = {Frontiers in plant science},
volume = {16},
number = {},
pages = {1510196},
pmid = {40007963},
issn = {1664-462X},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: WRKY transcription factors are essential for plant growth, health, and responses to biotic and abiotic stress.<br><br>METHODS: In this study, we performed a deep in silico characterization of the WRKY gene family in the genome of Eucalyptus grandis. We also analyzed the expression profiles of these genes upon colonization by the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF) Rhizophagus irregularis (Ri) and infection with the bacterial pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum (Rs).<br><br>RESULTS: A total of 117 EgWRKYs were identified. Phylogenetic analysis divided the EgWRKY proteins into three groups: group I (21 proteins, 17.95%), group II (65 proteins, 55.56%), and group III (24 proteins, 20.51%). Additionally, seven EgWRKY proteins (5.98%) were categorized into group IV due to the absence of the WRKY domain or zinc-finger structure. All EgWRKY genes are distributed irregularly across the 11 chromosomes, with 25 pairs identified as segmental duplicates and four as tandem duplicates. The promoter regions of 50% of members of each subfamily contain plant hormone-related cis-elements associated with defense responses, such as ABREs, TGACG motifs, and CGTCA motifs. All subfamilies (except for group IV-b and IV-c) contain AW-boxes, which are related to mycorrhizal induction. Furthermore, transcriptomic analysis revealed that 21 EgWRKYs were responsive to the AMF Ri, with 13 and 8 genes strongly up- and downregulated, respectively. Several genes (including EgWRKY116, EgWRKY62, and EgWRKY107) were significantly induced by Ri; these genes might enhance the defense of E. grandis against Rs.<br><br>DISCUSSION: Therefore, we identified E. grandis WRKY genes that are regulated by AMF colonization, some of which might improve the defense of E. grandis against R. solanacearum. These findings provide insights into E. grandis WRKY genes involved in interactions among the host plant, AMFs, and R. solanacearum.},
}
@article {pmid40007421,
year = {2025},
author = {Singh, G and Dal Grande, F and Martin, FM and Medema, MH},
title = {Breaking into nature's secret medicine cabinet: lichens - a biochemical goldmine ready for discovery.},
journal = {The New phytologist},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/nph.70003},
pmid = {40007421},
issn = {1469-8137},
support = {//NextGenerationEU (to GS)/ ; ANR-11-LABX-0002-01//Laboratory of Excellence ARBRE/ ; },
abstract = {Secondary metabolites are a crucial source of bioactive compounds playing a key role in the development of new pharmaceuticals. Recently, biosynthetic research has benefited significantly from progress on various fronts, including reduced sequencing costs, improved genome/metabolome mining strategies, and expanding tools/databases to compare and characterize chemical diversity. Steady advances in these fields are crucial for research on non-modal organisms such as lichen-forming fungi (LFF). Although most fungi produce bioactive metabolites, biosynthetic research on LFF (c. 21% of known fungi) lags behind, primarily due to experimental challenges. However, in recent years, several such challenges have been tackled, and, in parallel, a critical foundation of genomic data and pipelines has been established to accomplish the valorization of this potential. Integrating these concurrent advances to accelerate biochemical research in LFF provides a promising opportunity for new discoveries. This review summarizes the following: recent advances in fungal and LFF omics, and chemoinformatics research; studies on LFF biosynthesis, including chemical diversity and evolutionary/phylogenetic aspects; and experimental milestones in LFF biosynthetic gene functions. At the end, we outline a vision and strategy to combine the progress in these research areas to harness the biochemical potential of LFF for pharmaceutical development.},
}
@article {pmid40007156,
year = {2025},
author = {Zhang, X and Wen, J and Jia, S and He, Y and Yang, W and Chen, W and Li, D and Liu, R and Liu, Q and Cai, Y and Cheng, K and Zhang, X},
title = {Glutamine synthetase GhGLN1.5 regulates arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis and Verticillium wilt resistance in cotton by modulating inorganic nitrogen assimilation.},
journal = {The New phytologist},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/nph.70035},
pmid = {40007156},
issn = {1469-8137},
support = {32070262//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 32301768//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 242300420138//Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province/ ; 234400510004//Project of Zhongyuan Scholars Workstation/ ; },
abstract = {Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi play a crucial role in the nitrogen uptake and Verticillium wilt resistance of cotton. The absorbed inorganic nitrogen is converted into organic nitrogen through nitrogen assimilation mediated by glutamine synthetase (GS). However, the role of GS in AM symbiosis and Verticillium wilt resistance remains unclear. We identified an AM fungus-induced GS gene, GhGLN1.5, which participated in AM symbiosis. Both in vivo and in vitro analyses demonstrated that GhGLN1.5 exhibits catalytic activity of GS. The knockdown of GhGLN1.5 resulted in a reduction of AM colonization, nitrogen uptake capacity, and AM symbiosis-dependent resistance to Verticillium wilt. Heterologous expression of GhGLN1.5 enhanced AM symbiosis, increased GS activity, and promoted plant growth. The knockout of GhGLN1.5 in cotton inhibited AM symbiosis. Furthermore, we identified an AM fungus-induced ethylene response factor gene GhWRI3 through yeast one-hybrid library screening and found that GhWRI3 activates the expression of GhGLN1.5 via AW-box element. These findings provide valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms of GhGLN1.5 expression in AM symbiosis, nitrogen assimilation, and Verticillium wilt resistance in cotton, suggesting potential strategies for regulating AM symbiosis in cotton through the WRI3-GLN1.5 module.},
}
@article {pmid40006841,
year = {2025},
author = {Utge Perri, SY and Valerga Fernández, MV and Scotti, A and Colombo, RP and González, F and Valenzuela, L and Godeas, AM and Silvani, VA},
title = {Responses of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Plant Communities to Long-Term Mining and Passive Restoration.},
journal = {Plants (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {14},
number = {4},
pages = {},
pmid = {40006841},
issn = {2223-7747},
support = {UBACYT 20020170100142BA//University of Buenos Aires/ ; PIP 11220200102192CO//Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient&#xed;ficas y T&#xe9;cnicas/ ; PICT 2015-3474//Agencia Nacional de Promoci&#xf3;n de la Investigaci&#xf3;n, el Desarrollo Tecnol&#xf3;gico y la Innovaci&#xf3;n/ ; ATN RF-18951-RG//FONTAGRO/ ; },
abstract = {Mining activities cause strong soil alterations, such as heavy metal (HM) pollution, which decreases the diversity of plant communities and rhizospheric microorganisms, including arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. The polymetallic Paramillos de Uspallata mine in the Andes Mountains, the first mining exploitation in Argentina, provides a unique scenario to study AM fungal resilience after long-term disturbance following over 40 years of inactivity. This study aimed to analyze mycorrhizal status and AM fungal communities in the mine and a nearby unexploited area and to evaluate their associations with soil parameters to elucidate life history strategies. Long-term exposure to elevated Fe, Pb, Zn, and Ag concentrations and high electrical conductivity (EC, 5.46 mS/cm) led to the dominance of Entrophospora infrequens in association with Pappostipa speciosa, demonstrating that this AM species is a stress-tolerant strategist in symbiosis with a pioneer perennial plant, resilient in the most impacted mine areas. In contrast, the unexploited area, with an EC of 0.48 mS/cm and low HM contents, supported competitive and ruderal species, revealing distinct ecological strategies of AM fungi in disturbed versus undisturbed environments. These findings highlight the potential of E. infrequens for bioremediation and ecological restoration in post-mining landscapes.},
}
@article {pmid40006495,
year = {2025},
author = {Vassiliadis, S and Guthridge, KM and Reddy, P and Ludlow, EJ and Hettiarachchige, IK and Rochfort, SJ},
title = {Predicting Perennial Ryegrass Cultivars and the Presence of an Epichloë Endophyte in Seeds Using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS).},
journal = {Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {25},
number = {4},
pages = {},
pmid = {40006495},
issn = {1424-8220},
support = {na//Agriculture Victoria Research/ ; na//Dairy Australia/ ; na//Gardiner Foundation/ ; },
mesh = {*Lolium/microbiology ; *Seeds/microbiology ; *Endophytes/physiology ; *Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared/methods ; *Epichloe/physiology ; },
abstract = {Perennial ryegrass is an important temperate grass used for forage and turf worldwide. It forms symbiotic relationships with endophytic fungi (endophytes), conferring pasture persistence and resistance to herbivory. Endophyte performance can be influenced by the host genotype, as well as environmental factors such as seed storage conditions. It is therefore critical to confirm seed quality and purity before a seed is sown. DNA-based methods are often used for quality control purposes. Recently, near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) coupled with hyperspectral imaging was used to discriminate perennial ryegrass cultivars and endophyte presence in individual seeds. Here, a NIRS-based analysis of bulk seeds was used to develop models for discriminating perennial ryegrass cultivars (Alto, Maxsyn, Trojan and Bronsyn), each hosting a suite of eight to eleven different endophyte strains. Sub-sampling, six per bag of seed, was employed to minimize misclassification error. Using a nested PLS-DA approach, cultivars were classified with an overall accuracy of 94.1-98.6% of sub-samples, whilst endophyte presence or absence was discriminated with overall accuracies between 77.8% and 96.3% of sub-samples. Hierarchical classification models were developed to discriminate bulked seed samples quickly and easily with minimal misclassifications of cultivars (<8.9% of sub-samples) or endophyte status within each cultivar (<11.3% of sub-samples). In all cases, greater than four of the six sub-samples were correctly classified, indicating that innate variation within a bag of seeds can be overcome using this strategy. These models could benefit turf- and pasture-based industries by providing a tool that is easy, cost effective, and can quickly discriminate seed bulks based on cultivar and endophyte content.},
}
@article {pmid40005829,
year = {2025},
author = {Zhao, S and Xiang, J and Abedin, M and Wang, J and Zhang, Z and Zhang, Z and Wu, H and Xiao, J},
title = {Characterization and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Akkermansia muciniphila-Derived Extracellular Vesicles.},
journal = {Microorganisms},
volume = {13},
number = {2},
pages = {},
pmid = {40005829},
issn = {2076-2607},
support = {6212002//Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality&#xff0c;China/ ; },
abstract = {Bacterial extracellular vesicles (EVs) play a pivotal role in host-microbe communication. Akkermansia muciniphila, a symbiotic bacterium essential for intestinal health, is hypothesized to exert its effects via EVs. Here, we successfully isolated and characterized EVs derived from A. muciniphila (Am-EVs) using ultracentrifugation. Am-EVs exhibited a double-membrane structure, with an average diameter of 92.48 ± 0.28 nm and a proteomic profile comprising 850 proteins. In an in vitro model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation in human colorectal adenocarcinoma cells (Caco-2), treatment with both 25 and 50 μg/mL Am-EVs significantly reduced oxidative stress markers, including reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide (NO), and malondialdehyde (MDA), while restoring catalase activity (CAT). Am-EVs also suppressed the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), and interleukin-6 (IL-6). Subsequent transcriptomic sequencing and Western blot experiments revealed that Am-EVs attenuate the MAPK signaling pathway by downregulating TRIF, MyD88, p38 MAPK, and FOS while upregulating TGFBR2. These findings suggest that Am-EVs mediate anti-inflammatory effects through modulation of MAPK signaling, highlighting their potential as therapeutic agents in intestinal inflammation.},
}
@article {pmid40005707,
year = {2025},
author = {Pešić, M and Tošić Jojević, S and Sikirić, B and Mrvić, V and Jovković, M and Milinković, M and Andjelković, S and Stajković-Srbinović, O},
title = {The Plant Growth-Promoting Ability of Alfalfa Rhizobial Strains Under Nickel Stress.},
journal = {Microorganisms},
volume = {13},
number = {2},
pages = {},
pmid = {40005707},
issn = {2076-2607},
support = {GRANT No 7015//Science Fund of the Republic of Serbia/ ; 451-03-66/2024-03/200011//Ministry of Science, Technological Development and Innovations of the Republic of Serbia/ ; },
abstract = {The growth and nutrient balance of legumes can be disrupted in soils with increased nickel (Ni) concentrations. The inoculation of legumes with rhizobia, symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria, can be used for the alleviation of trace metal stress in plants. This study evaluated the Ni tolerance of alfalfa rhizobia isolates and some plant growth-promoting traits in the presence of Ni: indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) production, Ni biosorption potential, and the effect of rhizobia on alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) growth. The strains were characterized as Shinorhizobium meliloti, Sinorhizobium medicae, and Rhizobium tibeticum. In total, 70% of the tested strains tolerate up to 0.8 mM Ni, while 15% of the strains tolerate 1.2 mM Ni. The production of IAA was maintained in the presence of Ni until bacterial growth was stopped by raising the Ni concentration. Alfalfa seed germination is significantly reduced in the presence of 0.5 mM Ni, while a significant reduction in 10-day-old seedling length already occurs at a Ni concentration of 0.03 mM. In the plant experiment, when alfalfa was inoculated with rhizobial strains, nodulation was maintained up to 0.05 mM Ni, but a significant reduction in nodule number was detected at 0.01 mM Ni. At the concentration of 0.005 mM Ni, inoculation with 12 particular rhizobial strains significantly improved the number of nodules per plant, plant height, and root length, as well as plant shoot dry weight, compared to non-inoculated plants with Ni addition. However, higher concentrations caused a reduction in all of these plant growth parameters compared to the plants without Ni. The selected rhizobia strains showed a Ni biosorption capacity of 20% in the in vitro assay. The inoculation of alfalfa with effective rhizobial strains improves growth parameters compared to non-inoculated plants in the presence of certain concentrations of Ni.},
}
@article {pmid40005595,
year = {2025},
author = {Liu, L and Xing, Y and Li, S and Zhou, L and Li, B and Guo, S},
title = {Different Symbiotic Species of Armillaria Affect the Yield and Active Compound Contents of Polyporus umbellatus.},
journal = {Microorganisms},
volume = {13},
number = {2},
pages = {},
pmid = {40005595},
issn = {2076-2607},
support = {No. 2021-I2M-1-031, 2022-I2M-2-001, 2023-I2M-2-006//CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences/ ; },
abstract = {Polyporus umbellatus is a medicinal fungus primarily used for diuresis, with its sclerotium serving as the medicinal component. The growth and development of sclerotia are reliant on a symbiotic relationship with Armillaria. However, the impact of different Armillaria species on the yield and quality of sclerotia remains unclear. In this study, three Armillaria strains, A35, A541, and A19, were identified through TEF-1α sequence analysis and phylogenetic classification. These strains were classified into three distinct species: A35 as A. ostoyae, A541 as A. gallica, while the taxonomic status of A19 remains unresolved. After four years of co-cultivation with these Armillaria strains, three groups of P. umbellatus sclerotia were harvested and labeled as A35-P, A541-P, and A19-P, respectively. The yields of A35-P, A541-P, and A19-P exhibited significant variations, with A541-P achieving the highest yield (1221 ± 258 g·nest[-1]), followed by A35-P (979 ± 201 g·nest[-1]), and A19-P yielding the least (591 ± 54 g·nest[-1]). HPLC revealed significant differences in the levels of polyporusterone A and polyporusterone B among the groups. The total polysaccharide content, determined via the phenol-sulfuric acid method, also varied significantly, with A541-P recording the highest content (0.897 ± 0.042%), followed by A19-P (0.686 ± 0.058%), and A35-P showing the lowest value (0.511 ± 0.083%). PCA based on these data indicated clear distinctions among A35-P, A541-P, and A19-P, with the three groups forming separate clusters. This study, for the first time, demonstrates the effects of three different Armillaria species on the yield and active compound content of P. umbellatus. These findings provide valuable insights for selecting high-quality Armillaria strains and offer guidance for the artificial cultivation of P. umbellatus.},
}
@article {pmid40004472,
year = {2025},
author = {Díaz, V and Villalobos, M and Arriaza, K and Flores, K and Hernández-Saravia, LP and Velásquez, A},
title = {Decoding the Dialog Between Plants and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi: A Molecular Genetic Perspective.},
journal = {Genes},
volume = {16},
number = {2},
pages = {},
pmid = {40004472},
issn = {2073-4425},
mesh = {*Mycorrhizae/genetics/physiology ; *Symbiosis/genetics ; Plants/microbiology/genetics ; Plant Roots/microbiology/genetics/growth &amp; development ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Signal Transduction/genetics ; Transcription Factors/genetics/metabolism ; Plant Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; },
abstract = {Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis, a mutually beneficial interaction between plant roots and AM fungi, plays a key role in plant growth, nutrient acquisition, and stress tolerance, which make it a major focus for sustainable agricultural strategies. This intricate association involves extensive transcriptional reprogramming in host plant cells during the formation of arbuscules, which are specialized fungal structures for nutrient exchange. The symbiosis is initiated by molecular signaling pathways triggered by fungal chitooligosaccharides and strigolactones released by plant roots, which act as chemoattractants and signaling molecules to promote fungal spore germination, colonization, and arbuscule development. Calcium spiking, mediated by LysM domain receptor kinases, serves as a critical second messenger in coordinating fungal infection and intracellular accommodation. GRAS transcription factors are key components that regulate the transcriptional networks necessary for arbuscule development and maintenance, while small RNAs (sRNAs) from both plant and fungi, contribute to modifications in gene expression, including potential bidirectional sRNA exchange to modulate symbiosis. Understanding the molecular mechanisms related to AM symbiosis may provide valuable insights for implementation of strategies related to enhancing plant productivity and resilience.},
}
@article {pmid40004114,
year = {2025},
author = {Li, R and Gou, C and Zhang, K and He, M and Li, L and Kong, F and Sun, Z and Liu, H},
title = {Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analyses of Glycoside Hydrolase Family 18 Genes During Nodule Symbiosis in Glycine max.},
journal = {International journal of molecular sciences},
volume = {26},
number = {4},
pages = {},
pmid = {40004114},
issn = {1422-0067},
support = {2023A1515110630 and 2023A1515110560//Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation/ ; },
mesh = {*Glycine max/genetics/microbiology ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; *Phylogeny ; *Glycoside Hydrolases/genetics/metabolism ; *Symbiosis/genetics ; Multigene Family ; Plant Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Root Nodules, Plant/genetics/microbiology/metabolism ; Genome, Plant ; Chitinases/genetics/metabolism ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Amino Acid Sequence ; },
abstract = {Glycoside hydrolase family 18 (GH18) proteins can hydrolyze the β-1,4-glycosidic bonds of chitin, which is a common structure component of insect exoskeletons and fungal cell walls. In this study, 36 GH18 genes were identified and subjected to bioinformatic analysis based on the genomic data of Glycine max. They were distributed in 16 out of 20 tested soybean chromosomes. According to the amino acid sequences, they can be further divided into five subclades. Class III chitinases (22 members) and class V chitinases (6 members) are the major two subclades. The amino acid size of soybean GH18 proteins ranges from 173 amino acids (aa) to 820 aa and the molecular weight ranges from 19.46 kDa to 91.01 kDa. From an evolutionary perspective, soybean GH18 genes are closely related to Medicago (17 collinear loci with soybean) and Lotus (23 collinear loci with soybean). Promoter analysis revealed that GH18 genes could be induced by environmental stress, hormones, and embryo development. GmGH18-15, GmGH18-24, and GmGH18-33 were screened out due to their nodulation specific expression and further verified by RT-qPCR. These results provide an elaborate reference for the further characterization of specific GH18 genes, especially during nodule formation in soybean.},
}
@article {pmid40003831,
year = {2025},
author = {Banfi, D and Mastore, M and Bianchi, T and Brivio, MF},
title = {The Expression Levels of Heat Shock Protein 90 (HSP90) in Galleria mellonella Following Infection with the Entomopathogenic Nematode Steinernema carpocapsae and Its Symbiotic Bacteria Xenorhabdus nematophila.},
journal = {Insects},
volume = {16},
number = {2},
pages = {},
pmid = {40003831},
issn = {2075-4450},
abstract = {Heat shock proteins (HSPs), particularly HSP90, play a vital role in insect responses to environmental and biotic stresses by maintaining protein stability and supporting immune defenses. This study explores HSP90 regulation in Galleria mellonella larvae following exposure to the nematode Steinernema carpocapsae and its symbiotic bacterium Xenorhabdus nematophila. Exposure to live nematodes caused slight changes in HSP90 expression, while non-viable nematodes had no effect, suggesting that nematode secretions or symbiotic bacteria do not directly influence HSP90 levels. However, nematodes with altered surface properties significantly increased HSP90 expression. X. nematophila also moderately elevated HSP90 levels but this effect disappeared when weakly bound surface proteins were removed. Interestingly, under thermal stress, live nematodes reduced heat-induced HSP90 expression, whereas surface-treated nematodes enhanced it. These findings suggest that HSP90 modulation is influenced by biological control agents, highlighting a potential link between HSP90 and immune detection of invaders. This interaction may be crucial in adapting biological control strategies in response to climate change. Further research is needed to clarify HSP activation pathways, host immune interactions, and mechanisms of entomopathogen immune evasion, particularly under varying environmental temperatures, to enhance bioinsecticide efficacy.},
}
@article {pmid40003776,
year = {2025},
author = {Cheng, H and Yan, X and Lin, C and Chen, Y and Ma, L and Fu, L and Dong, X and Liu, C},
title = {Exploring Bacterial Communities and Functions in Phytophagous Halyomorpha halys and Predatory Arma chinensis.},
journal = {Insects},
volume = {16},
number = {2},
pages = {},
pmid = {40003776},
issn = {2075-4450},
support = {59-0212-9-001-F//Agricultural Research Service/ ; },
abstract = {The phytophagous Halyomorpha halys (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) is a global agricultural pest that damages many crops. Conversely, the predatory Arma chinensis (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) shows promise as a biological control agent against lepidopteran and coleopteran pests. Halyomorpha halys and A. chinensis are closely related species with different feeding habits, as confirmed via genomic and morphological analyses. However, no study investigating the implications of these differences has been reported. Herein, 16S rRNA sequencing technology was employed to analyze the microbiota diversity and function in different tissues (salivary glands, gut, sperm, and ovaries) of H. halys and A. chinensis to elucidate these differences from a microbial perspective. Additionally, the adult male-to-female ratio in A. chinensis organs was statistically similar, while that in H. halys was not. Based on the dominance of the symbionts in the two bug species, we inferred that Sodalis is involved in reproduction and digestion in A. chinensis, while Spiroplasma and Pantoea play essential roles in H. halys reproduction and digestion. We analyzed the data on the microbial diversity of two bug species, laying a foundation for further understanding microbial symbiosis in A. chinensis and H. halys, which may inform the development of biological control strategies.},
}
@article {pmid40003742,
year = {2025},
author = {Castillo, D and Abella, E and Sinpoo, C and Phokasem, P and Chantaphanwattana, T and Yongsawas, R and Cervancia, C and Baroga-Barbecho, J and Attasopa, K and Noirungsee, N and Disayathanoowat, T},
title = {Gut Microbiome Diversity in European Honeybees (Apis mellifera L.) from La Union, Northern Luzon, Philippines.},
journal = {Insects},
volume = {16},
number = {2},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/insects16020112},
pmid = {40003742},
issn = {2075-4450},
support = {2022//Mekong - Lancang Special Fund/ ; },
abstract = {Insects often rely on symbiotic bacteria and fungi for various physiological processes, developmental stages, and defenses against parasites and diseases. Despite their significance, the associations between bacterial and fungal symbionts in Apis mellifera are not well studied, particularly in the Philippines. In this study, we collected A. mellifera from two different sites in the Municipality of Bacnotan, La Union, Philippines. A gut microbiome analysis was conducted using next-generation sequencing with the Illumina MiSeq platform. Bacterial and fungal community compositions were assessed using 16S rRNA and ITS gene sequences, respectively. Our findings confirm that adult worker bees of A. mellifera from the two locations possess distinct but comparably proportioned bacterial and fungal microbiomes. Key bacterial symbionts, including Lactobacillus, Bombilactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, Gilliamella, Snodgrassella, and Frischella, were identified. The fungal community was dominated by the yeasts Zygosaccharomyces and Priceomyces. Using the ENZYME nomenclature database and PICRUSt2 software version 2.5.2, a predicted functional enzyme analysis revealed the presence of β-glucosidase, catalase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, glutathione transferase, and superoxide dismutase, which are involved in host defense, carbohydrate metabolism, and energy support. Additionally, we identified notable bacterial enzymes, including acetyl-CoA carboxylase and AMPs nucleosidase. Interestingly, the key bee symbionts were observed to have a negative correlation with other microbiota. These results provide a detailed characterization of the gut microbiota associated with A. mellifera in the Philippines and lay a foundation for further metagenomic studies of microbiomes in native or indigenous bee species in the region.},
}
@article {pmid40002351,
year = {2025},
author = {Papadopoulou, D and Chrysikopoulou, V and Rampaouni, A and Plakidis, C and Ofrydopoulou, A and Shiels, K and Saha, SK and Tsoupras, A},
title = {Antioxidant, Antithrombotic and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Amphiphilic Bioactives from Water Kefir Grains and Its Apple Pomace-Based Fermented Beverage.},
journal = {Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {14},
number = {2},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/antiox14020164},
pmid = {40002351},
issn = {2076-3921},
abstract = {Kefir-based fermentation products exhibit antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects against oxidative stress, inflammation, platelet activation and aggregation, and other related manifestations, thereby preventing the onset and development of several chronic diseases. Specifically, water kefir, a symbiotic culture of various microorganisms used for the production of several bio-functional fermented products, has been proposed for its health-promoting properties. Thus, water kefir grains and its apple pomace-based fermentation beverage were studied for bioactive amphiphilic and lipophilic lipid compounds with antioxidant, antithrombotic, and anti-inflammatory properties. Total lipids (TL) were extracted and further separated into their total amphiphilic (TAC) and total lipophilic content (TLC), in which the total phenolic and carotenoid contents (TPC and TCC, respectively) and the fatty acid content of the polar lipids (PL) were quantified, while the antioxidant activity of both TAC and TLC were assessed in vitro, by the ABTS, DPPH, and FRAP bioassays, along with the anti-inflammatory and antithrombotic activity of TAC against human platelet aggregation induced by the thrombo-inflammatory mediator, platelet-activating factor (PAF) or standard platelet agonists like ADP.ATR-FTIR spectra facilitated the detection of specific structural, functional groups of phenolic, flavonoid, and carotenoid antioxidants, while LC-MS analysis revealed the presence of specific anti-inflammatory and antithrombotic PL bioactives bearing unsaturated fatty acids in their structures, with favorable omega-6 (n-6)/omega-3 (n-3)polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), which further support the findings that the most potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antithrombotic bioactivities were observed in the TAC extracts, in both water kefir grains and beverage cases. The detection of such bioactive components in both the uncultured water kefir grains and in the cultured beverage further supports the contribution of water kefir microorganisms to the bioactivity and the bio-functionality of the final fermented product. Nevertheless, the extracts of the beverage showed much stronger antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antithrombotic activities, which further suggests that during the culture process for producing this beverage, not only was the presence of bioactive compounds produced by kefir microflora present, but biochemical alterations during fermentation of bioactive components derived from apple pomace also seemed to have taken place, contributing to the higher bio-functionality observed in the apple pomace-water kefir-based beverage, even when compared to the unfermented apple pomace. The overall findings support further studies on the use of water kefir and/or apple pomace as viable sources of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antithrombotic amphiphilic bioactive compounds for the production of novel health-promoting bio-functional fermented products.},
}
@article {pmid40001925,
year = {2025},
author = {Chen, C and Wang, Y and Dai, Q and Du, W and Zhao, Y and Song, Q},
title = {Screening of Bacteria Promoting Carbon Fixation in Chlorella vulgaris Under High Concentration CO2 Stress.},
journal = {Biology},
volume = {14},
number = {2},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/biology14020157},
pmid = {40001925},
issn = {2079-7737},
support = {U21A2016//the National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; XCH2022ZA-01//the Key Laboratory of Low-cost Rural Environmental Treatment Technology at Sichuan Univer-sity of Arts and Science, Education Department of Sichuan Province/ ; TSZW2011, TSZW2103//the Key Laboratory of Exploitation and Study of Distinctive Plants in Education Department of Sichuan Province/ ; },
abstract = {The cooperation between microalgae and bacteria can enhance the carbon fixation efficiency of microalgae. In this study, a microalgae-bacteria coexistence system under high-concentration CO2 stress was constructed, and the bacterial community structure of the entire system was analyzed using the 16S rDNA technique. Microbacterium sp., Bacillus sp., and Aeromonas sp. were screened and demonstrated to promote carbon fixation in Chlorella vulgaris HL 01 (C. vulgaris HL 01). Among them, the Aeromonas sp. + C. vulgaris HL 01 experimental group exhibited the most significant effect, with an increase of about 24% in the final biomass yield and a daily carbon fixation efficiency increase of about 245% (day 7) compared to the control group. Continuous cultivation of microalgae and bacterial symbiosis showed that bacteria could utilize the compounds secreted by microalgae for growth and could produce nutrients to maintain the vitality of microalgae. Detection of extracellular organic compounds of microorganisms in the culture broth by excitation-emission matrix spectral analysis revealed that bacteria utilized the aromatic proteinaceous compounds and others secreted by C. vulgaris HL 01 and produced new extracellular organic compounds required by C. vulgaris HL 01. The metabolic organic substances in the liquids of the experimental groups and the control group were analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, and it was found that 31 unique organic substances of C. vulgaris HL 01 were utilized by bacteria, and 136 new organic substances were produced. These differential compounds were mainly organic acids and their derivatives, benzene compounds, and organic heterocyclic compounds, etc. These results fully demonstrate that the carbon fixation ability and persistence of C. vulgaris HL 01 are improved through material exchange between microalgae and bacteria. This study establishes a method to screen carbon-fixing symbiotic bacteria and verifies that microalgae and bacteria can significantly improve the carbon fixation efficiency of microalgae for high-concentration CO2 through material exchange, providing a foundation for further research of microalgae-bacterial carbon fixation.},
}
@article {pmid40001916,
year = {2025},
author = {Dvoretsky, AG and Dvoretsky, VG},
title = {Symbionts of Red King Crab from the Sea of Okhotsk: A Review of Russian Studies.},
journal = {Biology},
volume = {14},
number = {2},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/biology14020148},
pmid = {40001916},
issn = {2079-7737},
support = {//Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation/ ; },
abstract = {The red king crab, Paralithodes camtscaticus, is a commercially significant crustacean that supports lucrative fisheries in Russia, the USA, and Norway. The western Kamchatka shelf, located in the Sea of Okhotsk, is home to one of the most important populations of the red king crab. In this study, we have conducted a review of the symbionts associated with P. camtscaticus in the waters off the Kamchatka Peninsula. A total of 42 symbiotic species belonging to 14 different phyla were identified in association with the red king crab. Out of these, 14 species were found to be parasitic to the red king crab, while the remaining 28 were either commensal or epibiont in nature. The taxa with the highest number of associated species included ciliates (11), crustaceans (8), and acanthocephalans (4). Our study found that red king crabs suffering from shell disease exhibited a more diverse symbiotic fauna and higher infestation indices as compared to healthy crabs, which were found to be free from parasites. Dangerous symbionts, such as dinoflagellates Hematodinium sp. and rhizocephalan barnacles Briarosaccus callosus, had low incidence rates, indicating that the red king crab population in the Sea of Okhotsk is in good condition with respect to population abundance, health, and recruitment and is not being adversely impacted by symbiotic organisms.},
}
@article {pmid40001319,
year = {2025},
author = {Risely, A},
title = {Feather mites selectively feed on specific bacteria and fungi on feathers with potential benefits to hosts.},
journal = {The Journal of animal ecology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/1365-2656.70021},
pmid = {40001319},
issn = {1365-2656},
abstract = {Invited Research Highlight: Matthews, A. E., Trevelline, B. K., Wijeratne, A. J., &amp; Boves, T. J. (2024). Picky eaters: Selective microbial diet of avian ectosymbionts. Journal of Animal Ecology. Trophic interactions such as herbivory and predation are crucial regulators of ecological communities, yet few examples exist for these processes within host-associated microbiomes. In a recent study, Matthews et al. (2024) looked for evidence of selective microbial predation of bacteria and fungi by microscopic mites on the feathers of wild Prothonotary warblers (Protonotaria citrea). The authors quantified the bacterial and fungal diet of commensal feather mites and compared this with the composition of microbial communities living directly on the feather. They found that, despite a large variety of microbes to choose from, mites strongly preferred to eat a small number of bacterial and fungal genera. Some of these selectively enriched taxa are known keratin-degraders, suggesting that mites may protect feathers by selectively consuming harmful microbes. This study presents a rare example of a trophic interaction within the microscopic ecosystem of the feather that may act as an important force shaping microbial communities in ways that benefit the host, providing an overlooked mechanism by which symbioses between birds and mites could evolve.},
}
@article {pmid40000815,
year = {2025},
author = {Smith, PMC and González-Guerrero, M},
title = {BRUTUS links iron with legume-rhizobia symbiosis.},
journal = {Nature plants},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {40000815},
issn = {2055-0278},
}
@article {pmid39999802,
year = {2025},
author = {Saier, MH},
title = {Cooperation and competition were primary driving forces for biological evolution.},
journal = {Microbial physiology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-25},
doi = {10.1159/000544890},
pmid = {39999802},
issn = {2673-1673},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: For many years, scientists have accepted Darwin's conclusion that "Survival of the Fittest" involves successful competition with other organisms for life-endowing molecules and conditions.<br><br>SUMMARY: Newly discovered "partial" organisms with minimal genomes that require symbiotic or parasitic relationships for growth and reproduction suggest that cooperation in addition to competition was and still is a primary driving force for survival. These two phenomena are not mutually exclusive, and both can confer a competitive advantage for survival. In fact, cooperation may have been more important in the early evolution for life on Earth before autonomous organisms developed, becoming large genome organisms.<br><br>KEY MESSAGES: This suggestion has tremendous consequences with respect to our conception of the early evolution of life on Earth as well as the appearance of intercellular interactions, multicellularity and the nature of interactions between humans and their societies (e.g., Social Darwinism).},
}
@article {pmid39999796,
year = {2025},
author = {Kim, S},
title = {Challenges and constraints to the sustainability of poultry farming in Republic of Korea.},
journal = {Animal bioscience},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.5713/ab.24.0641},
pmid = {39999796},
issn = {2765-0189},
abstract = {As of 2022, Republic of Korea accounted for 0.8% of global chicken meat production and 0.9% of global egg production. The country achieved self-sufficiency rates of 83.1% for chicken meat and 99.4% for eggs, demonstrating significant quantitative and qualitative growth to meet domestic demand. Although the industry is trending towards expansion and specialization, it faces several challenges in achieving sustainable poultry production. Key challenges in Korea include highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) and pest issues, climate change and the push for carbon neutrality, reliance on imported breeding stock, insufficient preparedness for expanding cage space per laying hen, post-settlement payment systems for egg sales and an oversupply of chicken meat, and the aging poultry farming population and the closure of farms unable to secure successors. Following strategies are proposed to overcome or mitigate challenges mentioned above: (1) enhancing farm biosecurity and implementing vaccination policies for disease control, (2) modernizing facilities and promoting carbon-neutral practices to adapt to climate change, (3) diversifying breeding stocks across multiple locations and developing domestic strains, (4) implementing policies and supporting farms based on a comprehensive readiness assessment of all farms regarding expanded cage space requirements, (5) improving market transparency for the egg industry and regulating supply and demand in the broiler industry, and (6) offering incentives for farm succession, attracting labor, and promoting coexistence between corporations, rural communities, and small farms. In conclusion, the sustainable development of Korea's poultry industry is not a simple task. It requires a comprehensive approach considering economic efficiency, animal welfare, environmental protection, food security, and the symbiosis with rural communities. This approach necessitates efficient cooperation among all stakeholders, including the government, farmers, integrators, retailers, and research institutions, along with a comprehensive, phased strategy for both short- and long-term goals.},
}
@article {pmid39999781,
year = {2025},
author = {Chrismas, N and Yahr, R},
title = {Genomics: A window into the molecular mystery box of lichen symbiosis.},
journal = {Current biology : CB},
volume = {35},
number = {4},
pages = {R139-R141},
doi = {10.1016/j.cub.2025.01.034},
pmid = {39999781},
issn = {1879-0445},
mesh = {*Lichens/genetics/physiology/microbiology ; *Symbiosis/genetics ; *Genomics ; Metagenomics ; },
abstract = {How is a symbiosis built? Lichen metagenomic and metatranscriptomic surveys comparing growth stages, experimental treatments and environmental settings identify a catalogue of candidate genes - and microbial partners - in a developing model system.},
}
@article {pmid39998668,
year = {2025},
author = {Kandalgaonkar, KN and Barvkar, VT},
title = {Intricate phytohormonal orchestration mediates mycorrhizal symbiosis and stress tolerance.},
journal = {Mycorrhiza},
volume = {35},
number = {2},
pages = {13},
pmid = {39998668},
issn = {1432-1890},
mesh = {*Mycorrhizae/physiology ; *Symbiosis ; *Stress, Physiological ; *Plant Growth Regulators/metabolism ; *Plants/microbiology ; },
abstract = {Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are an essential symbiotic partner colonizing more than 70% of land plants. In exchange for carbon sources, mycorrhizal association ameliorates plants' growth and yield and enhances stress tolerance and/or resistance. To achieve this symbiosis, plants mediate a series of biomolecular changes, including the regulation of phytohormones. This review focuses on the role of each phytohormone in establishing symbiosis. It encases phytohormone modulation, exogenous application of the hormones, and mutant studies. The review also comments on the plausible phytohormone cross-talk essential for maintaining balanced mycorrhization and preventing fungal parasitism. Finally, we briefly discuss AMF-mediated stress regulation and contribution of phytohormone modulation in plants. We must examine their interplay to understand how phytohormones act species-specific or concentration-dependent manner. The review summarizes the gaps in these studies to improve our understanding of processes underlying plant-AMF symbiosis.},
}
@article {pmid39998220,
year = {2025},
author = {Kwak, Y and Argandona, JA and Miao, S and Son, TJ and Hansen, AK},
title = {A dual insect symbiont and plant pathogen improves insect host fitness under arginine limitation.},
journal = {mBio},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e0358824},
doi = {10.1128/mbio.03588-24},
pmid = {39998220},
issn = {2150-7511},
abstract = {Some facultative bacterial symbionts are known to benefit insects, but nutritional advantages are rare among these non-obligate symbionts. Here, we demonstrate that the facultative symbiont Candidatus Liberibacter psyllaurous enhances the fitness of its psyllid insect host, Bactericera cockerelli, by providing nutritional benefits. L. psyllaurous, an unculturable pathogen of solanaceous crops, also establishes a close relationship with its insect vector, B. cockerelli, increasing in titer during insect development, vertically transmitting through eggs, and colonizing various tissues, including the bacteriome, which houses the obligate nutritional symbiont, Carsonella. Carsonella supplies essential amino acids to its insect host but has gaps in some of its essential amino acid pathways that the psyllid complements with its own genes, many of which have been acquired through horizontal gene transfer (HGT) from bacteria. Our findings reveal that L. psyllaurous increases psyllid fitness on plants by reducing developmental time and increasing adult weight. In addition, through metagenomic sequencing, we reveal that L. psyllaurous maintains complete pathways for synthesizing the essential amino acids arginine, lysine, and threonine, unlike the psyllid's other resident microbiota, Carsonella, and two co-occurring Wolbachia strains. RNA sequencing reveals the downregulation of a HGT collaborative psyllid gene (ASL), which indicates a reduced demand for arginine supplied by Carsonella when the psyllid is infected with L. psyllaurous. Notably, artificial diet assays show that L. psyllaurous enhances psyllid fitness on an arginine-deplete diet. These results corroborate the role of L. psyllaurous as a beneficial insect symbiont, contributing to the nutrition of its insect host.IMPORTANCEUnlike obligate symbionts that are permanently associated with their hosts, facultative symbionts rarely show direct nutritional contributions, especially under nutrient-limited conditions. This study demonstrates, for the first time, that Candidatus Liberibacter psyllaurous, a facultative symbiont and a plant pathogen, enhances the fitness of its Bactericera cockerelli host by supplying an essential nutrient arginine that is lacking in the plant sap diet. Our findings reveal how facultative symbionts can play a vital role in helping their insect hosts adapt to nutrient-limited environments. This work provides new insights into the dynamic interactions between insect hosts, their symbiotic microbes, and their shared ecological niches, broadening our understanding of symbiosis and its role in shaping adaptation and survival.},
}
@article {pmid39998180,
year = {2025},
author = {Lachnit, T and Ulrich, L and Willmer, FM and Hasenbein, T and Steiner, LX and Wolters, M and Herbst, EM and Deines, P},
title = {Nutrition-induced changes in the microbiota can cause dysbiosis and disease development.},
journal = {mBio},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e0384324},
doi = {10.1128/mbio.03843-24},
pmid = {39998180},
issn = {2150-7511},
abstract = {Eukaryotic organisms are associated with complex microbial communities. Changes within these communities have been implicated in disease development. Nonetheless, it remains unclear whether these changes are a cause or a consequence of disease. Here, we report a causal link between environment-induced shifts in the microbiota and disease development. Using the model organism Hydra, we observed changes in microbial composition when transferring laboratory-grown Hydra to natural lake environments. These shifts were caused not only by new colonizers, through the process of community coalescence (merging of previously separate microbial communities), but also by lake water nutrients. Moreover, selective manipulation of the nutrient environment induced compound-specific shifts in the microbiota followed by disease development. Finally, L-arginine supplementation alone caused a transition in Pseudomonas from symbiotic to pathogenic, leading to an upregulation of immune response genes, tissue degradation, and host death. These findings challenge the notion that the host-associated microbiota is exclusively controlled by the host, highlighting the dynamic interplay between host epithelial environment, microbial colonizer pool, and nutrient conditions of the surrounding water. Furthermore, our results show that overfeeding of the microbiota allows for uncontrolled microbial growth and versatile interactions with the host. Environmental conditions may thus render symbionts a potential hazard to their hosts, blurring the divide between pathogenic and non-pathogenic microbes.IMPORTANCEThis study highlights the critical need to understand the dynamic interplay between host-associated microbiota and environmental factors to obtain a holistic view on organismal health. Our results demonstrate that ecosystem-wide microbial trafficking (community coalescence) and environmental nutrient conditions reshape microbial communities with profound implications for host health. By exploring nutrient-driven changes in microbial composition, our research finds experimental support for the "overfeeding hypothesis," which states that overfeeding alters the functionality of the host microbiota such that an overabundance in nutrients can facilitate disease development, transforming non-pathogenic microbes into pathogens. These findings emphasize the critical role of metabolic interactions driving microbial pathogenicity. Furthermore, our research provides empirical evidence for the "pathogenic potential" concept, challenging traditional distinctions between pathogenic and non-pathogenic microbes and supporting the idea that any microbe can become pathogenic under certain conditions.},
}
@article {pmid39997813,
year = {2025},
author = {Meng, G and Huang, Z and Tao, L and Zhuang, Z and Zhang, Q and Chen, Q and Yang, H and Zhao, H and Ye, C and Wang, Y and Zhang, J and Chen, W and Du, S and Chen, Y and Wang, D and Jin, H and Lei, Y},
title = {Atomic symbiotic- catalyst for low-temperature zinc-air battery.},
journal = {Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e202501649},
doi = {10.1002/anie.202501649},
pmid = {39997813},
issn = {1521-3773},
abstract = {Atomic-level designed electrocatalysts, including single-/dual-atom catalysts, have attracted extensive interests due to their maximized atom utilization efficiency and increased activity. Herein, a new electrocatalyst system termed as "atomic symbiotic-catalyst", that marries the advantages of typical single-/dual-atom catalysts while addressing their respective weaknesses, was proposed. In atomic symbiotic-catalyst, single-atom MNx and local carbon defects formed under a specific thermodynamic condition, act synergistically to achieve high electrocatalytic activity and battery efficiency. This symbiotic-catalyst shows greater structural precision and preparation accessibility than those of dual-atom catalysts owing to its reduced complexity in chemical space. Meanwhile, it outperforms the intrinsic activities of conventional single-atom catalysts due to multi-active-sites synergistic effect. As a proof-of-concept study, an atomic symbiotic-catalyst comprising single-atom MnN4 moieties and abundant sp3-hybridized carbon defects was constructed for low-temperature zinc-air battery, which exhibited a high peak power density of 76 mW cm-2 with long-term stability at -40 ℃, representing a top-level performance of such batteries.},
}
@article {pmid39996506,
year = {2025},
author = {Timmins-Schiffman, EB and Khanna, R and Brown, T and Dilworth, J and MacLean, BX and Mudge, MC and White, SJ and Kenkel, CD and Rodrigues, LJ and Nunn, BL and Padilla-Gamiño, JL},
title = {Proteomic Plasticity in the Coral Montipora capitata Gamete Bundles after Parent Thermal Bleaching.},
journal = {Journal of proteome research},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1021/acs.jproteome.4c00946},
pmid = {39996506},
issn = {1535-3907},
abstract = {Coral reefs are vital to marine biodiversity and human livelihoods, but they face significant threats from climate change. Increased ocean temperatures drive massive "bleaching" events, during which corals lose their symbiotic algae and the important metabolic resources those algae provide. Proteomics is a crucial tool for understanding coral function and tolerance to thermal stress, as proteins drive physiological processes and accurately represent cell functional phenotypes. We examined the physiological condition of coral (Montipora capitata) gametes from parents that either experienced thermal bleaching or were nonbleached controls by comparing data dependent (DDA) and data independent (DIA) acquisition methods and peptide quantification (spectral counting and area-under-the-curve, AUC) strategies. For DDA, AUC captured a broader dynamic range than spectral counting. DIA yielded better coverage of low abundance proteins than DDA and a higher number of proteins, making it the more suitable method for detecting subtle, yet biologically significant, shifts in protein abundance in gamete bundles. Gametes from bleached corals showed a broadscale decrease in metabolic proteins involved in carbohydrate metabolism, citric acid cycle, and protein translation. This metabolic plasticity could reveal how organisms and their offspring acclimatize and adapt to future environmental stress, ultimately shaping the resilience and dynamics of coral populations.},
}
@article {pmid39994923,
year = {2025},
author = {Salgueiro, J and Nussenbaum, AL and Marchesini, MI and Garbalena, MS and Brambilla, S and Belliard, S and Cuadros, F and Núñez, M and Yáñez, C and Juárez, ML and Vera, MT and Lanzavecchia, SB and Tsiamis, G and Segura, DF},
title = {Culturable bacteria associated with Anastrepha fraterculus sp. 1: in search of nitrogen-fixing symbionts with biotechnological potential.},
journal = {Insect science},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/1744-7917.70004},
pmid = {39994923},
issn = {1744-7917},
support = {RC 22515//International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)/ ; PICT-2019-04141//Ministry of Science Argentina/ ; PIP-CONICET 0039//Ministry of Science Argentina/ ; PI USAL 2022- 80020210100018//UNIVERSIDAD DEL SALVADOR/ ; },
abstract = {Anastrepha fraterculus is a significant fruit fly pest in Argentina and other South American countries. Previous studies showed the key role of gut bacteria in the protection and nutrient assimilation of fruit flies, particularly the importance of the biological fixation of nitrogen (diazotrophy). The presence of diazotrophic bacteria in A. fraterculus sp. 1 has been demonstrated through molecular, culture-independent methods. This study is aimed to characterize the composition and diversity of culturable gut bacteria of A. fraterculus sp. 1 males from different origins, and explore their metabolic roles, focusing on diazotrophic bacteria. Three male groups were studied: wild-caught (WW), lab-reared from wild larvae (WL), and lab-colony raised (LL). Gut bacteria were collected and characterized via 16S rRNA gene sequencing, with potential diazotrophs screened using selective media (SIL and NFb). Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene mapped potential diazotrophs across the bacterial collection, while biochemical profiling and ARDRA (Amplified rDNA Restriction Analysis) were used to quickly differentiate diazotrophic bacteria. PCR testing for the nifH gene, associated with nitrogen fixation, was also performed. Bacterial diversity was highest in WW, followed by WL, and lowest in LL. In LL and WL, Enterobacter was the most frequent genus, while Klebsiella dominated in WW. Among the 20 SIL+ isolates identified, 10 came from WW, 9 from WL, and 1 from LL. One of these isolates (Enterobacter sp.) was tested as a supplement to the adult diet, without showing a beneficial effect on males pheromone calling behavior. Three isolates were also NFb+; two had the nifH gene. ARDRA was effective for rapid diazotroph discrimination. These findings highlight the potential of gut symbiotic bacteria in eco-friendly pest management strategies like the sterile insect technique (SIT). By using diazotrophic bacteria, protein requirements in artificial diets could be reduced, cutting costs and improving the affordability of SIT programs.},
}
@article {pmid39994514,
year = {2025},
author = {Sendi, H and Klimov, PB and Kolesnikov, VB and Káčerová, J and Bonino, E and Azar, D and Robin, N},
title = {The oldest continuous association between astigmatid mites and termites preserved in Cretaceous amber reveals the evolutionary significance of phoresy.},
journal = {BMC ecology and evolution},
volume = {25},
number = {1},
pages = {16},
pmid = {39994514},
issn = {2730-7182},
support = {09I03-03-V04-00439//EU NextGenerationEU through the Recovery and Resilience Plan for Slovakia/ ; 09I03-03-V04-00439//EU NextGenerationEU through the Recovery and Resilience Plan for Slovakia/ ; 075-15-2021-1345//Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation within the framework of the Federal Scientific and Technical Program for the Development of Genetic Technologies/ ; 075-15-2021-1345//Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation within the framework of the Federal Scientific and Technical Program for the Development of Genetic Technologies/ ; 075-15-2021-1345//Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation within the framework of the Federal Scientific and Technical Program for the Development of Genetic Technologies/ ; B2/202/P1/PARADI2S//BELSPO BRAIN-be federal Belgian grant/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Isoptera/parasitology ; *Mites/genetics/physiology/classification ; *Biological Evolution ; *Fossils ; *Amber ; Symbiosis ; Nymph/growth &amp; development/physiology ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Among minute-sized and wingless arthropods, astigmatid mites stand out for their diverse range of symbiotic associations (parasitic, neutral and mutualistic), with both invertebrate and vertebrate hosts. When inhabiting discontinuous and ephemeral environments, astigmatid mites adapt their life cycle to produce a phoretic heteromorphic nymph. When feeding resources are depleted, phoretic nymphs disperse to new habitats through phoresy, attaching to a larger animal which transports them to new locations. This dispersal strategy is crucial for accessing patchy resources, otherwise beyond the reach of these minute arthropods. In Astigmata, the phoretic nymph is highly specialized for dispersal, equipped with an attachment organ and lacking a mouth and pharynx. Despite the common occurrence of phoretic associations in modern mites, their evolutionary origins remain poorly understood. Among Astigmata, the family Schizoglyphidae represents an early derivative lineage with phoretic tritonymphs; however, our knowledge of this family is limited to a single observation.<br><br>RESULTS: Here, we report the oldest biotic association of arthropods fossilised in amber (~&#x2009;130&#xa0;Ma, Lebanon): an alate termite with 16 phoretic tritonymphs of Schizoglyphidae (Plesioglyphus lebanotermi gen. et sp. n.). The mites are primarily attached to the membranes of the host's hindwings, using their attachment organs, pretarsal claws and tarsal setae. Additionally, we report new modern phoretic tritonymphs of this same family, on one of the earliest lineages of termites. These data collectively indicate that schizoglyphid-termite associations represent the oldest continuous mite-host associations. Notably, phoretic schizoglyphids retain a distinct mouth and pharynx, whereas these structures are absent in the modern phoretic stages of non-schizoglyphid Astigmata.<br><br>CONCLUSION: The discovery of Schizoglyphidae mites in Lebanese amber represents the oldest known continuous association between acariform mites and their hosts. This finding demonstrates the long-term evolutionary significance of phoresy in Astigmata, evidencing a relationship sustained for over 130&#xa0;Ma. It indicates that these early mites lived inside termite nests as inquilines and used alate termites for dispersal. This ancient association offers key insights into the coevolution of both mites and termites, highlighting a potential for the future discoveries of similar mites. This fossil -a stem-group Astigmata- is important for the accurate calibration of acariform mite phylogenies, advancing our understanding of these mites evolutionary history.},
}
@article {pmid39994115,
year = {2025},
author = {Prado, A and Pineda-Solis, S and Garibay-Orijel, R and Windsor, D and Boevé, JL},
title = {Fungal alkaloids mediate defense against bruchid beetles in field populations of an arborescent ipomoea.},
journal = {Journal of chemical ecology},
volume = {51},
number = {2},
pages = {26},
pmid = {39994115},
issn = {1573-1561},
support = {PAPIIT IA205121//Universidad Nacional Aut&#xf3;noma de M&#xe9;xico/ ; PAPIIT IA209323//Universidad Nacional Aut&#xf3;noma de M&#xe9;xico/ ; NA//Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Ipomoea/chemistry/metabolism ; *Coleoptera/physiology ; *Alkaloids/metabolism/analysis/chemistry ; *Seeds/chemistry/microbiology/metabolism ; *Plant Leaves/chemistry/metabolism ; Endophytes/physiology/chemistry ; Sesquiterpenes/analysis/metabolism/chemistry ; Swainsonine/metabolism ; },
abstract = {Several Convolvulaceae species harbor heritable fungal endophytes from which alkaloids are translocated to reproductive tissues of the plant host. Evidence for the distribution and ecological role of these fungal alkaloids, however, is lacking or incomplete for many host species and growth forms. Here we report on the identity of the fungal endophytes and quantities of alkaloids present in the leaves and seeds of the arborescent morning glory, Ipomoea murucoides (Convolvulaceae). Young folded leaf samples taken from the wild, harbored mycelium of one of two fungal taxa wrapped around the leaves' glandular trichomes. Most trees harbored the swainsonine producing Ceramothyrium (Chaetothyriales) fungi while a few trees were found to harbor a Truncatella (Xylariales) species, suggesting endophyte replacement. Seeds had higher concentrations of the indolizidine alkaloid swainsonine than leaves. Additionally, seeds from trees harboring Ceramothyrium fungi exhibited less bruchid damage and had higher concentrations of swainsonine than seeds from trees harboring Truncatella fungi. Five sesquiterpenes were detected in the leaf trichomes in both Ceramothyrium and Truncatella colonized trees. The seed content of the tropane alkaloids, tropine and tropinone, did not differ significantly among the two fungal symbionts. It is likely that the host allocates the defensive chemicals from leaves to seeds, protecting them from seed predators such as bruchid beetles. Overall, our field data show that Ipomoea species provides an interesting opportunity to study vertical and horizontal fungal symbiont transmissions.},
}
@article {pmid39994074,
year = {2025},
author = {Grobbelaar, A and Osthoff, G and Deacon, F and Cason, ED},
title = {The Faecal Microbiome Analysed from Healthy, Free-Roaming Giraffes (Giraffa camelopardalis).},
journal = {Current microbiology},
volume = {82},
number = {4},
pages = {151},
pmid = {39994074},
issn = {1432-0991},
support = {RA201126576714//National Research Foundation/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Feces/microbiology ; *Bacteria/classification/genetics/isolation &amp; purification ; *Giraffes/microbiology ; South Africa ; Male ; Female ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; Microbiota ; },
abstract = {Similar to other herbivores, healthy giraffes (Giraffa camelopardalis) rely on a variety of symbiotic microorganisms in their digestive systems to break down cellulose and hemicellulose. In this study, we investigate the impact that external stimuli might have on the faecal prokaryote composition of healthy, free-roaming giraffes. Faecal samples were collected from six male and seven female giraffe individuals, over a 2-year period, during the wet and dry seasons, from six locations within the Free State Province, South Africa. Giraffe populations were exposed to one of two feeding practices which included provision of supplemental feed or only naturally available vegetation. Seventeen (17) different prokaryotic phyla, consisting of 8370 amplicon sequence variants (ASVs), were identified from the 13 healthy, adult, free-roaming giraffes included in the study. Overall, the bacterial phyla with the largest relative abundance included Fusobacteria (22%), followed by Lentisphaera (17%) and Cyanobacteria (16%), which included 21 dominant prokaryotic ASVs. The relative abundance of Ruminococcaceae UCG 014 and Treponema 2 were found to be significantly (P < 0.05) higher and Escherichia / Shigella, Romboutsia and Ruminococcus 1 significantly lower for giraffes receiving supplemental feed compared to natural available vegetation. This is the first study to investigate the composition of the faecal prokaryotic communities of healthy, free-roaming giraffes. The analysis of faecal prokaryotes contributes to the development of non-invasive methods for assessing the nutritional status and identifying health issues in giraffe populations. Ultimately, such advances are beneficial towards the larger-scale conservation, determining nutritional needs and management of other sensitive wildlife species, as well.},
}
@article {pmid39993925,
year = {2025},
author = {Sajid, S and Xiao, B and Zhang, G and Zhang, Z and Chen, L and Fang, JK and Lu, Y and Cai, L},
title = {Increased sulfate-reducing bacteria can drive microbial dysbiosis in bleached corals.},
journal = {Journal of applied microbiology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/jambio/lxaf043},
pmid = {39993925},
issn = {1365-2672},
abstract = {AIMS: Coral bleaching occurs when coral colonies lose their Symbiodiniaceae partner and turn pale or white. Although this event is generally temperature-induced, there is also the possibility of holobiont microbial infection and dysbiosis. To address this issue, this study was conducted to investigate the diversity and composition of Symbiodiniaceae and bacteria in healthy and bleached colonies of Porites lutea collected from eastern Shenzhen.<br><br>METHODS AND RESULTS: Internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) and 16S amplicon sequencing analysis were used to explore the diversity and composition of Symbiodiniaceae and bacteria in healthy and bleached colonies of P. lutea. Bacterial diversity and richness were significantly higher in bleached colonies than in healthy colonies (P&#xa0;<&#xa0;0.05), whereas the diversity and richness of Symbiodiniaceae showed no significant changes. The bleaching event exerted a more significant impact on Symbiodiniaceae composition, which differed between healthy and bleached colonies (PERMANOVA, F&#xa0;=&#xa0;8.246, P&#xa0;<&#xa0;0.05). In terms of composition, Clade C (Cladocopium) was the predominant Symbiodiniaceae, whereas subclade C116 and C2r were significantly less abundant in bleached colonies than in healthy colonies (P&#xa0;<&#xa0;0.05). The phyla Bacteroidetes, Acidobacteria, and Actinobacteria were significantly more abundant in bleached colonies than in healthy colonies (P&#xa0;<&#xa0;0.05). The sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) Desulfobulbus and Desulfobacter at the genus level and Desulfobacterales and Desulfuromonadales at the order level were significantly more abundant in bleached colonies than in healthy colonies (P&#xa0;<&#xa0;0.05). The co-occurrence patterns of Symbiodiniaceae and bacteria revealed a negative correlation of Desulfofaba, Desulfovibrio, Desulfarculus, and Desulfobulbus with Endozoicomonas, a very common symbiotic bacterial genus found in corals.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Coral bleaching may be associated with significant shifts in microbial communities, including increased SRB abundance, which may disrupt microbial balance and contribute to bleaching.},
}
@article {pmid39992146,
year = {2025},
author = {Mou, A and Li, X and Li, Z and Qu, L and Dong, Y and Wang, Z and Zhang, X and Xu, Q},
title = {Comparative analysis of esophageal gland microbes between two body sizes of Gigantopelta aegis, a hydrothermal snail from the Southwest Indian Ridge.},
journal = {Microbiology spectrum},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e0295924},
doi = {10.1128/spectrum.02959-24},
pmid = {39992146},
issn = {2165-0497},
abstract = {Microbial communities within animals provide nutritional foundation and energy supply for the hydrothermal ecosystem. The peltospirid snail Gigantopelta aegis forms large aggregation in the Longqi vent field on the Southwest Indian Ridge. This endemic species is characterized by a changeable diet and morphology, especially reflected in internal organs such as remarkably enlarged esophageal glands. Here, 16S full-length rRNA gene analysis was performed to compare the variations in esophageal gland microbiota between two body size groups (small and large) of G. aegis. Phyla Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes were the dominant featured bacteria contributing to the microbial community. No significant differences between the small and large groups were revealed by the diversity index and principal component analysis (PCA) clustering. The differences were in the relative abundance of bacteria. Compared with small-sized snails, the larger ones housed more Thiogranum (9.94% to 34.86%) and fewer Sediminibacterium (29.38% to 4.54%). Functional prediction for all of the microbiota showed that the pathways related to metabolism appeared highly abundant in smaller G. aegis. However, for the larger ones, the most distinctive pathways were those of environmental information processing. Facultative symbiotic Sulfurovum was marked as a core node in the co-occurrence network and suggested an influence on habitat selection of G. aegis in hydrothermal fields. In summary, variations in bacteria composition and potential functions possibly reflected changes in the anatomical structure and dietary habits of G. aegis. These dominant bacteria shared capabilities in nutritional supplementation and ecological niche expansion in the host, potentially a key adaptation for hydrothermal survival.IMPORTANCEDominant in the Longqi hydrothermal vent Southwest Indian Ridge, Gigantopelta aegis was observed to undergo unique and significant morphological changes and diet shifts known as cryptometamorphosis. During this process, G. aegis developed a specialized bacteria-housing organ, the esophageal gland, in the later life stages. Our research discovered variations in esophageal gland microbes between different body size groups of snails. These bacteria were closely related to the development and health of G. aegis. Full-length 16S rRNA gene analysis revealed more Thiogranum and fewer Sediminibacterium, suggesting a potential association with environmental adaptation. In the small-sized group, the potential functions were enriched in metabolism, while in larger G. aegis individuals, predictions indicated adaptive functions such as environmental information processing. Also, symbiotic Sulfurovum could be one of the factors influencing the habitat selection of G. aegis. Understanding the complex relationship between benthic macrofauna and microbes helps us describe the mechanisms of survival in extreme environments.},
}
@article {pmid39991579,
year = {2025},
author = {Meng, K and Song, J and Qi, F and Li, J and Fang, Z and Song, L and Shi, S},
title = {The mutualistic relationship between M2c macrophages of TGFβ1 induction and gastric cancer cells: the correlation between protective mechanisms in the tumor microenvironment and polarization of subtypes of cells.},
journal = {Journal of Cancer},
volume = {16},
number = {5},
pages = {1598-1617},
pmid = {39991579},
issn = {1837-9664},
abstract = {Background: Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common malignant tumors worldwide, with fast metastasis and high mortality rate. GC cells and tumor immune microenvironment exhibit high heterogeneity. Multiple pieces of evidence suggest that TGFβ1 intervenes in the tumor microenvironment, immune cells and GC prognosis. The aim of this study is to comprehensively investigate the functional intervention of macrophage polarization subtypes on gastric cancer cell lines in the GC tumor microenvironment, providing valuable insights into tumor microenvironment research and potential targets for treatment strategies. Methods: TCGA database and multiple GEO datasets were used to validate the role of TGFβ1 in cancer prognosis, immune infiltration and subtype macrophage polarization. Construct different subtypes of macrophages and establish cell co culture systems using Transwell chambers. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), western blotting (WB) and reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) were used to verify the changes in the metastatic function and defense mechanism of gastric cancer cells (Hgc27 and MKN45) in different co culture systems. Further analyze the effect of gastric cancer cell metabolites on macrophage subtype polarization. Results: TGFβ1 was highly expressed in GC tissues, highly expressed TGFβ1 could reduce the survival time of GC patients. The GC immune infiltration results confirmed the correlation between TGFβ1 and M2 macrophages. The GEO dataset results of gastric cancer at different stages showed that some M2 macrophage markers showed consistent changes with TGFβ1. The WB, ELISA and RT-qPCR have identified TGFβ1-induced polarization of M2c macrophages, most biomarkers are associated with M2c. M2c macrophages can enhance cell migration and function, can inhibit ferroptosis in gastric cancer cells, endowing them with stronger special environmental resistance. Gastric cancer cells tend to polarize towards M2 macrophages, with M2c being the main M2 subtype of macrophages. Conclusion: In conclusion, our study reveals a mutually beneficial symbiotic relationship between M2c macrophages and cancer cells in the microenvironment of gastric cancer tumors. TGFβ1 promotes the production of M2c macrophages, which enhance the function and ferroptosis resistance of gastric cancer cells. Gastric cancer cells provide the material basis for M2c macrophage polarization. This new evidence may provide new insights into developing more effective targeted therapies for gastric cancer to combat the formation of immune escape and metastasis in gastric cancer.},
}
@article {pmid39991448,
year = {2025},
author = {Chen, ML and Huang, YH and Cai, LQ and Qin, XM and Meng, XY and Li, HS and Pang, H},
title = {Influence of Host Species, Location, and Aphid Prey on Microbial Diversity and Community Dynamics of Aphidophagous Ladybird Beetles in Guangxi, China.},
journal = {Ecology and evolution},
volume = {15},
number = {2},
pages = {e71036},
pmid = {39991448},
issn = {2045-7758},
abstract = {Host species, locations, and diet can significantly impact microbial diversity and community in insects. Several ladybird beetles are known as key predators and potential biological control agents for aphids. However, there is limited understanding of how host species, locations, and aphid prey influence the microbial diversity and community of aphidophagous ladybird beetles in natural environments. In this study, we collected 74 samples of ladybirds and their aphid prey from various locations in Guangxi, China, and sequenced the 16S amplicons to investigate differences in their microbiomes. The dominant genera in the ladybird samples, Bacteroides and Alistipes, were rarely reported as predominant in other ladybird populations, indicating a unique genus-level microbial community pattern in Guangxi. Alpha diversity indices and Bray-Curtis distances varied significantly among ladybird species. Abundance analysis revealed that the relative abundance of dominant bacteria in aphidophagous ladybirds differed significantly among different ladybird species and locations. Although the primary and facultative aphid symbionts differed among aphid samples from various populations and locations, they had minimal direct impact on the microbial community of the aphidophagous ladybirds, being sporadically detected in the corresponding predator samples. Our findings provide insights into the microbial communities of ladybirds and aphids in sympatric and distinct field environments, highlighting the plasticity of microbial abundance in aphidophagous ladybirds across different ladybird species and locations, as well as the low retention rate of specific aphid symbionts in ladybird predators.},
}
@article {pmid39991014,
year = {2025},
author = {Mohammadi, A and Dalimi, A and Ghaffarifar, F and Pirestani, M and Akbari, M},
title = {Detection of Acanthamoeba Harboring Campylobacter jejuni Endosymbionts in Hospital Environments of Markazi Province, Iran.},
journal = {Journal of parasitology research},
volume = {2025},
number = {},
pages = {6626888},
pmid = {39991014},
issn = {2090-0023},
abstract = {Most Acanthamoebas contain endosymbionts such as viruses, yeasts, protists, and bacteria, some of which are potential human pathogens, including Campylobacter jejuni which often causes gastroenteritis and septicemia in humans. Amoebae have been shown to be resistant to chlorination and apparently protect ingested bacteria such as C. jejuni from free chlorine. Such resistance can have health implications, especially for drinking water treatment. The aim of this study is to identify Acanthamoeba in hospital samples in Markazi province, to determine the identity of C. jejuni endosymbiont in positive samples of Acanthamoeba in natural and laboratory conditions, and to determine the relationship between the two. The main aim of this study was to determine the identity of C. jejuni endosymbiont in Acanthamoeba-positive samples in natural and laboratory conditions. In this study, 134 samples including water, soil, and dust were collected from hospital environments. After molecular detection, the identity of the symbiotic Campylobacter jejuni in Acanthamoeba was determined by microscopic and PCR methods. Then, the ability of bacteria to infect the parasite was examined by cocultivation in vitro using real-time PCR. Finally, their relationship was examined based on statistical tests. The rate of contamination of hospital samples with Acanthamoeba was 44.7% on average. Out of 42 Acanthamoeba PCR-positive samples, seven isolates (16.67%) were found to be positive in terms of C. jejuni endosymbiont according to sampling location. The results showed that Helicobacter is able to penetrate and enter the Acanthamoeba parasite. In conclusion, our results showed that C. jejuni is able to contaminate Acanthamoeba in natural and laboratory conditions. The presence of pathogenic Acanthamoeba in various hospital environments and the hiding of Helicobacter as an endosymbiont inside it can pose a serious threat to the health of hospitalized patients.},
}
@article {pmid39990851,
year = {2024},
author = {Liang, L and Chen, X and Zhuang, W and Liu, Y and Zhao, W},
title = {[Research Progress on Drug Intervention to Inhibit Dental Plaque Biofilm Formation by Streptococcus mutans Based on the Concept of Ecological Prevention of Dental Caries].},
journal = {Sichuan da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Sichuan University. Medical science edition},
volume = {55},
number = {6},
pages = {1597-1603},
pmid = {39990851},
issn = {1672-173X},
mesh = {*Biofilms/drug effects ; *Streptococcus mutans/drug effects ; *Dental Plaque/microbiology/prevention &amp; control ; *Dental Caries/prevention &amp; control/microbiology ; Humans ; *Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology ; },
abstract = {Dental caries is the local destruction of hard tooth tissue caused by acidic byproducts generated by cariogenic bacteria, primarily Streptococcus mutans, which ferment free sugars in the presence of host factors, dietary components, and environmental conditions. A main feature of dental caries is the formation of dental plaque biofilm, which significantly improves the resistance of bacteria to drugs and host immunity. Traditional anti-caries drugs mainly exert anti-biofilm functions indirectly through antibacterial activities. However, they tend to interfere with the symbiotic microbiota while inhibiting cariogenic bacteria, which may cause imbalance within the oral microbial system. With increasing attention paid to the homeostasis of oral microbiota, new types of anti-caries drugs have been developed, such as natural extracts, artificially synthesized small molecules, and oligonucleotides. They act on key targets to inhibit the formation of biofilm substrates or regulate the interactions between oral microorganisms, thereby efficiently inhibiting biofilm formation. These drugs do not have bactericidal effects. Nevertheless, they exert indirect antimicrobial effects by interfering with biofilm substrate formation or microbial interactions. The optimization of delivery carriers, combination drug therapy, and biomimetic design further enhance the efficacy of these new types of anti-caries drugs. This article provides a review of the prevention and treatment principles and key targets of dental plaque biofilm. We also discussed the types, mechanisms of action, and development trends of relevant drugs.},
}
@article {pmid39987861,
year = {2025},
author = {Peña, G},
title = {Wildfire impacts on Spanish municipal population.},
journal = {Journal of environmental management},
volume = {377},
number = {},
pages = {124504},
doi = {10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.124504},
pmid = {39987861},
issn = {1095-8630},
abstract = {This paper analyzes the impact that different kinds of wildfires exert on population size of Spanish municipalities covering the 1986-2015 period, using recent developments in difference-in-differences estimation methods. The goal of the methodology is dealing with different wildfire events on several municipalities by considering as the initial time the first wildfire for all of them. Qualitative and quantitative effects are analyzed. Severity is measured as qualitative indicator by two ways. First, as major agricultural areas affected by dividing the sample in four quartiles according to the extension of the burned agricultural area. Second, as the highest proportion of total burned areas over total municipal area as measure of the rising closeness to the urban nuclei. The repetition of wildfires is used as a quantitative measurement by adding the number of all different wildfires officially recognized occurring during the studied period. The results show that higher severity and repetition lead to less population and a later possible recovery. There are around 260 less inhabitants on average after at least one severe wildfire (around 10-510 less residents with 95% confidence interval). This finding suggests that, as it is also the case of other types of shocks, the effects of wildfires on the urban structure are permanent when they are large enough. Policy implications include a better education and sensitization on the environmental care, not building in wildfire-prone areas and improved alert systems. A better human-nature symbiosis is needed (for instance, employing extensive animal farms for cleaning the grass) for preventing fires.},
}
@article {pmid39986160,
year = {2025},
author = {Ren, T and Yan, D and Zhang, Y and Li, X and Chen, J and Wang, C and Wang, C and Li, P and Wang, L and Zeng, Q and Cai, X},
title = {Biomass moulding fuel for zero-emission agricultural waste management: A case study of tobacco curing in China.},
journal = {Journal of environmental management},
volume = {377},
number = {},
pages = {124612},
doi = {10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.124612},
pmid = {39986160},
issn = {1095-8630},
abstract = {This study explores the application of Biomass Moulding Fuel (BMF), including biomass briquette fuel (BBF) and biomass pellet fuel (BPF), as a renewable and environmentally sustainable alternative to coal in tobacco curing systems. Traditional coal-based curing methods contribute significantly to greenhouse gas emissions, including CO2, SO2, and NOx, while posing challenges for environmental sustainability and tobacco quality. Addressing these issues, this study evaluates the technical, environmental, and economic performance of BMF-based curing systems using a self-designed gasification and combustion framework. Comparative experiments were conducted in bulk curing barns under controlled conditions to assess temperature control, emissions, curing costs, and tobacco quality. Results demonstrate that BMF-fired barns significantly outperform coal-fired systems, achieving a 90% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions, 82.06 and 67.48 times lower SO2 and NOx emissions, and curing cost reductions of 19.80% (BBF) and 15.90% (BPF). Furthermore, precise temperature control (-0.04 to 0.34 °C deviation in BPF-fired barns) enhanced the sensory and physical quality of tobacco leaves, including improved aroma and oil content. By utilizing agricultural residues such as tobacco stalks, BMF supports circular economy principles, transforming waste into energy and promoting resource efficiency in eco-industrial systems. These findings underscore the feasibility and scalability of integrating BMF into sustainable agricultural practices, advancing carbon neutrality and zero-emission goals. Future research should address lifecycle assessments, regional scalability, and supply chain optimization to overcome logistical and regulatory challenges, enabling broader adoption of BMF in agricultural and industrial processes.},
}
@article {pmid39985998,
year = {2025},
author = {Tang, CH and Lin, CY and Li, HH},
title = {Coral incorporating microplastics leads to a health-risking immunometabolic shift.},
journal = {Chemosphere},
volume = {374},
number = {},
pages = {144245},
doi = {10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144245},
pmid = {39985998},
issn = {1879-1298},
abstract = {Microplastic pollution has been associated with coral susceptibility to disease, yet the underlying mechanism is unclear. An untargeted lipidomic profiling was therefore performed to gain an insight into the effect of microplastics on a vulnerable coral (Turbinaria mesenterina) of actively reacting to suspended particles. Expending storage lipids on actions such as increasing 20:4-possessing ether membrane lipids and mitochondrial β-oxidation for immunoactivation was observed in coral hosts. A molecular realignment of symbiotic communication was correspondingly observed from symbiotic algae activating anti-inflammatory actions, which employed the 22:6-deriving effects that expended storage lipids as well, by, for example, increasing 22:6-possessing membrane lipids. Symbiotic algae reacting against the heightened host immunity also led to a metabolic compromise that lowered photoprotective capacity. Worryingly, increasing these polyunsaturated membrane lipids potentially sensitize the cells to oxidative stress-induced cell death that was simultaneously indicated by a sphingolipid profile as lipid peroxidation preliminarily increased in coral. Microplastic accumulation thus potentially increase coral susceptibility to environmental factors being able to elevating the oxidative stress, such as light-heat stress. In this manner, microplastic pollution in the ocean would chronically impair coral health, being highlighted by this study.},
}
@article {pmid39985754,
year = {2025},
author = {Farrokhzadeh, H and Jaronski, ST and Rashed, A},
title = {Reduced survivorship, host preference, and feeding damage by Helicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on cotton plants colonized by the endophyte Beauveria bassiana (Ascomycota: Hypocreales).},
journal = {Journal of economic entomology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/jee/toae302},
pmid = {39985754},
issn = {1938-291X},
abstract = {The GHA strain of Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin (Ascomycota: Hypocreales) is known to establish symbiotic relationships with some plant species. The present study was developed to determine whether the foliar application of B. bassiana-GHA and B. bassiana ANT-03, another commercial B. bassiana, results in the successful colonization of cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., and examine whether the endophyte can influence the survivorship and feeding damage by the corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea Boddie (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Using polymerase chain reaction, colonization success by B. bassiana-GHA, 3, 7, 14, and 21 days after inoculation was estimated at 83.3%, 100%, 91.7%, and 83.3%, respectively. The colonization success based on the mycelial outgrowth method was 41.7%, 66.7%, 58.3%, and 50%, 3, 7, 14, and 21 days after inoculation, respectively. Beauveria bassiana ANT-03 did not colonize cotton. Corn earworms preferred untreated plants over the neonicotinoid and B. bassiana-GHA treatments. The B. bassiana ANT-03-treated plants and controls were not distinguished from one another by the corn earworms. The corn earworm survivorship was higher on the control plants, compared to plants treated with B. bassiana ANT-03, B. bassiana-GHA, and the neonicotinoid insecticide. The neonicotinoid insecticide, B. bassiana-GHA, and B. bassiana ANT-03 reduced corn earworm damage compared to the untreated controls. Our results demonstrated the potential for B. bassiana-GHA to be used as a biological control agent against H. zea in cotton.},
}
@article {pmid39985565,
year = {2025},
author = {Chiurazzi, M and Frugis, G and Navazio, L},
title = {Symbiotic nitrogen fixation: a launchpad for investigating old and new challenges.},
journal = {Journal of experimental botany},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/jxb/erae510},
pmid = {39985565},
issn = {1460-2431},
}
@article {pmid39985359,
year = {2025},
author = {Chekhun, V},
title = {Modern Landscape of Innovative Technologies in Optimizing the Quality of Life of Cancer Patients.},
journal = {Experimental oncology},
volume = {46},
number = {4},
pages = {281-288},
doi = {10.15407/exp-oncology.2024.04.281},
pmid = {39985359},
issn = {2312-8852},
mesh = {Humans ; *Quality of Life ; *Neoplasms/therapy/psychology ; *Precision Medicine/methods ; },
abstract = {In the era of the intensive development of post-genomic technologies, it is reasonable to review the modern strategy for solving the problems of cancer patients. The current trend of the new paradigm is based on the knowledge and possibilities of correcting molecular genetic processes based on the principles of precision medicine. The key role in implementing such an approach belongs to modern innovative technologies, among which omics technologies occupy a special place. The genesis of the symbiosis of medical-biological and cybernetic technologies aimed at processing information databases becomes the subject of learning the functioning of complex biological systems. Today, for the dynamic development of the implementation of precision medicine based on innovative technologies, it is worth concentrating the efforts on the deep consolidation of transdisciplinary approaches that can form an algorithm of a new market of medical services aimed at improving the quality of life.},
}
@article {pmid39985282,
year = {2025},
author = {Ren, J and Wang, Q and Zhang, X and Cao, Y and Wu, J and Tian, J and Yu, Y and Gong, Q and Kong, Z},
title = {Control of Rhizobia Endosymbiosis by Coupling ER Expansion with Enhanced UPR.},
journal = {Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e2414519},
doi = {10.1002/advs.202414519},
pmid = {39985282},
issn = {2198-3844},
support = {31925003//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 32230007//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; YSBR-011//CAS Project for Young Scientists in Basic Research/ ; },
abstract = {Legumes establish symbiosis with rhizobia by forming a symbiotic interface that enables cross-kingdom exchanges of signaling molecules and nutrients. However, how host organelles interact with symbiosomes at the symbiotic interface remains elusive during rhizobia endosymbiosis. Here, symbiotic cells are reconstructed using 3D scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and uncover that the host endoplasmic reticulum (ER) undergoes dynamic expansion to gradually enwrap symbiosomes, facilitating their compartmentalization and endosymbiosis. Consistently, altering ER lamellar expansion by overexpressing MtRTNLBs, the reticulons responsible for ER tubulation, impairs rhizobia accommodation and symbiosome development. Intriguingly, unfolded protein response (UPR)-marker genes, bZIP60 and IRE1A/B, show continuously activated expression during nodule development, and the two UPR-deficient mutants, ire1b, and bzip60, exhibit compromised ER biogenesis and defective symbiosome development. Collectively, the findings underpin ER expansion and UPR activation as two key events in rhizobia accommodation and reveal an intrinsic coupling of ER morphology with proper UPR during root nodule symbiosis.},
}
@article {pmid39985228,
year = {2025},
author = {Song, MJ and Freund, F and Tribble, CM and Toffelmier, E and Miller, C and Bradley Shaffer, H and Li, FW and Rothfels, CJ},
title = {The nitrogen-fixing fern Azolla has a complex microbiome characterized by varying degrees of cophylogenetic signal.},
journal = {American journal of botany},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e70010},
doi = {10.1002/ajb2.70010},
pmid = {39985228},
issn = {1537-2197},
support = {//California Conservation Genomics Project, with funding provided to the University of California by the State of California, State Budget Act of 2019 [UC Award ID RSI-19-690224]./ ; },
abstract = {PREMISE: Azolla is a genus of floating ferns that has closely evolved with a vertically transmitted obligate cyanobacterium endosymbiont-Anabaena azollae-that fixes nitrogen. There are also other lesser-known Azolla symbionts whose role and mode of transmission are unknown.<br><br>METHODS: We sequenced 112 Azolla specimens collected across the state of California and characterized their metagenomes to identify the common bacterial endosymbionts and assess their patterns of interaction.<br><br>RESULTS: Four genera were found across all samples, establishing that multiple Azolla endosymbionts were consistently present. We found varying degrees of cophylogenetic signal across these taxa as well as varying degrees of isolation by distance and of pseudogenation, which demonstrates that multiple processes underlie how this endosymbiotic community is constituted. We also characterized the entire Azolla leaf pocket microbiome.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: These results show that the Azolla symbiotic community is complex and features members at potentially different stages of symbiosis evolution, further supporting the utility of the Azolla microcosm as a system for studying the evolution of symbioses.},
}
@article {pmid39982014,
year = {2025},
author = {Kawamura, K and Sekida, S and Nishitsuji, K and Satoh, N},
title = {The property of larval cells of the scleractinian coral, Acropora tenuis, deduced from in vitro cultured cells.},
journal = {Development, growth &amp; differentiation},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/dgd.70000},
pmid = {39982014},
issn = {1440-169X},
support = {23K25048//JSPS KAKENHI/ ; },
abstract = {In previous studies, we have established approximately 15 cultured cell-lines derived from planula larvae of Acropora tenuis. Based on their morphology and behavior, these cells were classified into three types, flattened amorphous cells (FAmCs), vacuolated adherent cells (VAdCs), and small smooth cells (SSmCs). FAmCs include fibroblast-like cells and spherical, brilliant brown cells (BBrCs), which are transformable to each other. To examine the larval origin of the three cell types, we raised antibodies: anti-AtMLRP2 that appears to recognize FAmC, anti-AtAHNAK for BBrC, anti-AtSOMP5 and anti-AtEndoG for SSmC, and anti-AtGal and anti-AtFat4 for VAdC, respectively. Anti-AtMLRP2 antibody stained in vivo stomodeum and neuroblast-like cells embedded in larval ectoderm around the aboral pole. Anti-AtAHNAK antibody stained neuron-like and neuroblast-like cells, both of which were also stained with neuron-specific tubulin β-3 antibody. These results suggest that in vitro BBrCs and in vivo neuroblast-like cells share neuronal properties in common. Two antibodies for SSmCs, anti-AtSOMP5 and anti-AtEndoG, stained larval ectoderm cells, suggesting that SSmCs have larval ectoderm properties. Two antibodies for VAdCs, anti-AtGal and anti-AtFat4, stained larval endoderm cells, suggesting that VAdCs have larval endoderm properties. Therefore, the in vitro cell lines appear to retain properties of the stomodeum, neuroblast, ectoderm, or endoderm. Each of them may be used in future investigations to reveal cellular and molecular properties of cell types of coral larvae, such as the potential for symbiosis.},
}
@article {pmid39981748,
year = {2025},
author = {Martinez, G and Leander, BS and Park, E},
title = {Morphology and Molecular Phylogeny of Endosymbiotic Ciliates (Peritrichia, Mobilida) of Marine Invertebrates with Descriptions of Two Novel Species Urceolaria clepsydra n. sp. and Urceolaria bratalia n. sp.},
journal = {The Journal of eukaryotic microbiology},
volume = {72},
number = {2},
pages = {e70003},
pmid = {39981748},
issn = {1550-7408},
support = {NSERC 2019-03986//Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada/ ; //Tula Foundation/ ; //UBC Biodiversity Research Center/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Phylogeny ; *Symbiosis ; *Invertebrates ; Pacific Ocean ; DNA, Protozoan/genetics ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Sea Cucumbers/parasitology ; DNA, Ribosomal/genetics ; RNA, Ribosomal, 18S/genetics ; Oligohymenophorea/classification/genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Aquatic Organisms/genetics ; },
abstract = {Mobilid ciliates are a morphologically distinct group of protists that form a wide range of symbiotic relationships with aquatic animals and includes three subgroups: Trichodinidae, Urceolariidae, and Polycyclidae. Trichodinids are best known for infecting fishes, whereas urceolariids infect diverse marine invertebrates. Polycyclidae was established for mobilid ciliates infecting sea cucumbers; however, molecular data have been unavailable for this group. In this study, we discovered and characterized two novel mobilid species, one infecting two species of sea cucumbers (Eupentacta quinquesemita and Cucumaria miniata) and one infecting brachiopods or lamp shells (Terebratalia transversa) collected from the Northeast Pacific Ocean. These new mobilid species were characterized at the morphological level using light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). We also inferred the molecular phylogenetic positions of these species using small subunit (SSU) rDNA sequences. Based on combined morphological and molecular data, we demonstrate that the two new species belong to Urceolaria, U. clepsydra n. sp. and U. bratalia n. sp., and support synonymization of Polycycla with Urceolaria. By providing the first molecular data from new species of mobilids infecting sea cucumbers and brachiopods, we expand the host range and improve our knowledge of this diverse but poorly understood group of symbionts.},
}
@article {pmid39979693,
year = {2025},
author = {Luttenschlager, H and Noël, G and Carpentier, J and Glacet, L and Ravelomanana, A and Rakotonirina, JC and Rajaonera, T and Francis, F},
title = {Diversity and Implication of Symbiotic Bacteria in Aphids-Ants Relationships in Madagascar.},
journal = {Neotropical entomology},
volume = {54},
number = {1},
pages = {40},
pmid = {39979693},
issn = {1678-8052},
mesh = {Animals ; *Aphids/microbiology/physiology ; *Symbiosis ; *Ants/microbiology ; *Rickettsia ; Madagascar ; Spiroplasma/physiology ; Serratia/physiology ; Bacteria/classification ; },
abstract = {Facultative bacteria in aphids provide their hosts with various physiological and ecological adaptations, such as resistance to thermal stress, parasitoids and entomopathogenic fungi. Furthermore, these symbionts possess the capacity to modulate the composition of honeydew, a substance that is particularly favored by numerous ant species. That's why we were interested in determining whether the presence of facultative bacteria in myrmecophilic aphids influences their relationship with mutualistic ants. In the vicinity of Antananarivo (Madagascar), the objectives of the study were to (i) determine the diversity of ants, aphids and symbionts and to (ii) assess the impacts of the identified symbiont on behavioural interactions of ants and aphids. We identified a total of four species (Serratia symbiotica, Rickettsia, Spiroplasma, Hamiltonella defensa) of facultative symbionts present in the three ant species (Camponotus maculate, Monomorium madecassum, Nylanderia gracilis) we tested and a total of six facultative symbionts (Serratia symbiotica, Rickettsia, Spiroplasma, Hamiltonella defensa, Regiella insecticola, Rickettsiella) among three of the five aphid species (Aphis citricidus, Aphis fabae, Aphis spiraecola, Macrosiphum euphorbiae, Rhopalosiphum maidis) we tested. Although our results did not show the involvement of symbionts on ant behaviour or their association with aphids, our study showed that the number of ants increases with the number of interactions, that Nylanderia gracilis are the ants with the most interactions and finally that ants observed on pesticide-treated plots have fewer interactions with aphids.},
}
@article {pmid39978162,
year = {2025},
author = {Bourland, W and Čepička, I},
title = {The enigmatic genus Malacophrys Kahl, 1926 (Ciliophora: Intramacronucleata) belongs to the class Oligohymenophorea.},
journal = {Protist},
volume = {176},
number = {},
pages = {126089},
doi = {10.1016/j.protis.2025.126089},
pmid = {39978162},
issn = {1618-0941},
abstract = {The ciliate genus Malacophrys has been incertae sedis for more than 50 years in what is now subphylum Intramacronucleata, provisionally assigned to three different classes by various authors. Of the three species included in the genus, M. sphagni and the type species, Malacophrys rotans, have not been studied by modern methods and M. viridis, although morphologically well-described, lacks molecular characterization. We identified two freshwater ciliates as morphologically consistent with two members of Malacophrys, namely M. rotans and M. viridis. We studied one population of M. rotans, using in vivo observation and silver carbonate and silver nitrate impregnation, and two populations of M. viridis, using in vivo observation, silver carbonate impregnation, and 18S rRNA gene sequencing. Phylogenetic analyses strongly support the position of M. viridis in the class Oligohymenophorea. Morphologic features suggest Malacophrys rotans belongs to order Tetrahymenida, but a confident phylogenetic assignment awaits its molecular sequencing. Differences between their oral structures and silverline patterns indicate that M. rotans and M. viridis likely belong to different genera. A formal separation at the genus level awaits molecular characterization of the type species, M. rotans.},
}
@article {pmid39977582,
year = {2025},
author = {Yang, L and Zhang, J and Chen, Z and Chen, Y and Wang, C and Yu, H and Zuo, F and Huang, W},
title = {Probiotic-Enzyme Synergy Regulates Fermentation of Distiller's Grains by Modifying Microbiome Structures and Symbiotic Relationships.},
journal = {Journal of agricultural and food chemistry},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1021/acs.jafc.4c11539},
pmid = {39977582},
issn = {1520-5118},
abstract = {The high fiber content and low rumen digestibility prevent the efficient use of distiller's grains (DGS) in ruminant feeds. This study investigated the effects of probiotics (Lactiplantibacillus plantarum and Bacillus subtilis) and enzymes (β-glucanase, xylanase, β-mannanase, and cellulase) on DGS nutrient content, ruminal degradability, and microbial communities under anaerobic storage for 30 days. Groups included control (C), probiotics (B), enzymes (E), and their mixture (EB). As compared to groups C, B, and E, neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), hemicellulose, and cellulose contents were significantly decreased and the ruminal degradability of NDF and ADF at 48 h was significantly increased in group EB (p < 0.05). Enzyme activities significantly affected bacterial abundance, and the contents of these enzymes were negatively correlated with the content of fibrous components. The abundances of Bacillus and Rummeliibacillus were negatively correlated with fiber content but positively correlated with the activities of these enzymes. The symbiotic relationship between Bacillus and Anaerocolumna in the EB group sustained the synergistic effects of probiotics and enzymes. Co-fermentation of probiotics and enzyme additives enhanced the nutritional value of DGS, which was associated not only with probiotic-enzyme synergy but also variations in dominant microbes and microbiome commensal relationships.},
}
@article {pmid39976643,
year = {2025},
author = {Nakajima, M and Motouchi, S and Tanaka, N and Masaike, T},
title = {Enzymes that catalyze cyclization of β-1,2-glucans.},
journal = {Applied microbiology and biotechnology},
volume = {109},
number = {1},
pages = {49},
pmid = {39976643},
issn = {1432-0614},
support = {23K05041//JSPS KAKENHI/ ; },
mesh = {Cyclization ; *beta-Glucans/metabolism/chemistry ; *Glucosyltransferases/metabolism/chemistry ; Glycoside Hydrolases/metabolism/chemistry ; Catalysis ; },
abstract = {β-1,2-Glucans are physiologically important polymers for interactions such as symbiosis and pathogenesis between organisms and adaptation to environmental changes. However, rarity of β-1,2-glucans in nature limits exploration of related enzymes. Recently, many β-1,2-glucan-degrading enzymes have been found after identification of a novel phosphorylase acting on β-1,2-glucooligosaccharides. The expansion of the repertoire has reached revelation of the cyclization mechanism of cyclic β-1,2-glucan synthase and led to finding of new enzymes catalyzing cyclization of β-1,2-glucans in a manner different from cyclic β-1,2-glucan synthase. In this review, we mainly focus on newly found enzymes that catalyze cyclization of β-1,2-glucans along with existence of β-1,2-glucan-associated carbohydrates in nature and introduction of the repertoire of β-1,2-glucan-degrading enzymes. KEY POINTS: • Newly found domain which cyclizes β-1,2-glucan created a new glycoside hydrolase family. • Cyclization is performed with a unique mechanism. • α-1,6-Cyclized β-1,2-glucan is produced by an enzyme in another newly found family.},
}
@article {pmid39976461,
year = {2025},
author = {Kirichek, EA and Afonin, AM and Kusakin, PG and Tsyganov, VE},
title = {Complete genome sequence of the unique Rhizobium johnstonii strain NaPi.},
journal = {Microbiology resource announcements},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e0120224},
doi = {10.1128/mra.01202-24},
pmid = {39976461},
issn = {2576-098X},
abstract = {In contrast to Rhizobium johnstonii strain 3841, R. johnstonii strain NaPi is able to form large pink nodules on the roots of pea (Pisum sativum L.) mutants in the gene Sym40. The genetic determinants underlying such efficiency have not been discovered yet. In this study, we report the complete genome sequence of the strain NaPi.},
}
@article {pmid39975474,
year = {2025},
author = {Prieto, SV and Orrù, B and Gonella, E and Alma, A},
title = {Effect of symbiont-targeted control of Halyomorpha halys on the co-occurring pentatomid community.},
journal = {Frontiers in insect science},
volume = {5},
number = {},
pages = {1520065},
pmid = {39975474},
issn = {2673-8600},
abstract = {Several native species in the family Pentatomidae are recorded in north-western Italy, associated with different crops. The arrival of Halyomorpha halys led to a reorganization of the role of other pentatomids, some of them becoming secondary pests. Symbiont-targeted control strategies, which disrupt beneficial interactions in stink bugs, have so far been applied to H. halys. However, this approach could also be useful for controlling other pentatomid pests. Additionally, the effects of this strategy on non-target stink bug species need further investigation to assess its potential impact on agroecosystems. Here the effect of symbiont disruption was assessed for stink bugs that share host crops (e.g., hazelnut, wheat, soybean) or the environment (especially wild areas adjacent to crops) with H. halys in north-western Italy (Carpocoris purpureipennis, Dolycoris baccarum, Graphosoma italicum, Palomena prasina and Rhaphigaster nebulosa). Their symbionts were identified as allied to the genus Pantoea through 16S rRNA gene sequencing and also other bacteria were detected in the V4 ventricle of the midgut. Strikingly, variable symbiont infection was found across species. Laboratory tests were conducted assessing the consequences of symbiont deprivation during the first nymphal instar. Egg masses treatment with an anti-symbiont formulation affected hatching rates in D. baccarum and G. italicum, while the mortality rates during the first instar increased in C. purpureipennis and G. italicum. A correspondence between mortality induction and the alteration of symbiont infection rates was observed, with species showing the highest infection drop being the most affected by treatments. These results provide new insights into pentatomid symbionts and reveal significant variability in the response to symbiosis disruption, likely due to species-specific intensity of symbiotic interactions. The consequences of this variability are discussed.},
}
@article {pmid39972643,
year = {2025},
author = {Gaši, E and Likar, M and Arbona, V and González-Guzmán, M and Hančević, K and Balestrini, R and Čarija, M and Regvar, M and Gambino, G and Sillo, F and Radić, T},
title = {Hormonal changes associated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi indicate defense-like alterations in virus-stressed grapevine.},
journal = {Physiologia plantarum},
volume = {177},
number = {1},
pages = {e70136},
doi = {10.1111/ppl.70136},
pmid = {39972643},
issn = {1399-3054},
support = {DOK-2021-02-2381//Hrvatska Zaklada za Znanost/ ; IP-2020-02-8397//Hrvatska Zaklada za Znanost/ ; },
mesh = {*Vitis/virology/microbiology ; *Mycorrhizae/physiology ; *Plant Diseases/virology/microbiology ; *Plant Growth Regulators/metabolism ; *Salicylic Acid/metabolism ; *Abscisic Acid/metabolism ; Glomeromycota/physiology ; Symbiosis ; Plant Viruses/physiology/pathogenicity ; Stress, Physiological ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Fungi ; },
abstract = {Grapevine is an economically important crop, affected by major production losses due to high virus prevalence. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can reduce the impact of plant biotic stresses. However, hormonal response to the simultaneous presence of viruses and AMF remains largely unknown. In this study, we explored the potential of AMF to modify the grapevine's defense response to compatible virus infections. We used GRSPaV, GLRaV-3, and GPGV as infectious viral agents, separately or in different combinations. Two AMF inoculums were tested for their bioprotective abilities, RHIZ (Rhizophagus irregularis) and MIX (R. irregularis, Funneliformis mosseae, F. caledonium). Generally, MIX induced stronger physiological responses than RHIZ inoculum, especially during the earlier phase of symbiosis. The main findings were connected to the hormonal profile of the grapevine infected by all three viruses and inoculated with MIX. In particular, salicylic acid (SA) and abscisic acid (ABA) concentrations were induced five and fifteen months post AMF inoculation, respectively. Expressions of VvNCED1 and VvBG1 were up-regulated in uninoculated grapevines, indicating slower induction of stress response mechanisms. Parameters related to plant vigour and growth were induced in grapevine at both time points, regardless of the virus combination. In conclusion, the defense-like response induced by AMF in grapevines infected with multiple viruses is characterized by the induction of ABA and SA, accompanied by a consistent enhancement of vigor parameters. This study confirms AMF symbiosis as a potentially promising additional tool for combating viral diseases in vineyards.},
}
@article {pmid39971081,
year = {2025},
author = {Ma, Z and Gao, J and Wang, G and Zhao, M and Xing, D and Zhao, T and Zhang, H},
title = {Effects of Wolbachia on mitochondrial DNA variation in Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae).},
journal = {Acta tropica},
volume = {263},
number = {},
pages = {107561},
doi = {10.1016/j.actatropica.2025.107561},
pmid = {39971081},
issn = {1873-6254},
abstract = {Wolbachia species are symbiotic bacteria that are commonly found in arthropods and nematodes and live inside their cells. In nature, endosymbiont-host interactions and dynamics are complex, often depending on environmental conditions and evolutionary history. Both Wolbachia and mitochondrial DNA are maternally inherited in cells, and after a long period of coexistence, the presence of Wolbachia may have an impact on mitochondrial sequence diversity, thereby confounding mtDNA-based host phylogeny. The universal and typing primers for the wsp gene were used for PCR amplification, the number of positive samples was counted, and the infection pattern was analysed. The mitochondrial DNA diversity of four groups (Wolbachia-infected and uninfected samples, as well as between singly and double infected samples.) was analysed. PACo and ParaFitGlobal tests were used to explore evolutionary associations. The overall prevalence of Wolbachia in the 22 natural populations was 94.2 %, with Type A, Type B and A × B mixed infections detected in Aedes albopictus and coinfection between wAlbA and wAlbB prevalent. The mitochondrial DNA haplotype associated with Wolbachia (Hap1) became the dominant haplotype and was the most abundant and widely distributed in the population. The linkage map showed the predominant haplotype, Hap1, was more closely associated with wAlbA than with wAlbB. Neutral evolution deviated significantly from zero. The diversity of mtDNA COI genes associated with Wolbachia infection was reduced. Wolbachia infection may lead to the selective sweep of mitochondrial DNA in Ae. albopictus.},
}
@article {pmid39970784,
year = {2025},
author = {Zhang, Y and Liu, X and Feng, J and Xie, S and Lv, J},
title = {Ca[2+] enhanced the wastewater treatment performance of microalgal-bacterial consortia: Response of extracellular polymeric substances and bacterial communities.},
journal = {Water research},
volume = {277},
number = {},
pages = {123298},
doi = {10.1016/j.watres.2025.123298},
pmid = {39970784},
issn = {1879-2448},
abstract = {The technology of microalgae-bacteria consortia (MBC) for wastewater treatment is currently facing a variety of challenges. One of the main issues is the construction of structurally and functionally stable symbiont. Ca[2+] may be involved in this process, but the underlying mechanism is not well understood. Here the response of MBC to the regulation of Ca[2+] was systematically explored from the perspectives of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and bacterial communities. The results showed that the exogenous addition of Ca[2+] (10-50 mM) not only promoted the production of extracellular polysaccharides and proteins of MBC, but also increased the proportion of some functional groups and components of EPS, such as CO and α-helix. The change of EPS characteristics was conducive to provide more sites for bining Ca[2+], which in turn favored the formation of compact MBC via overcoming electrostatic repulsive effect. Besides, the supplementation of Ca[2+] favored the recruitment of more EPS-producing bacteria (such as Rhodobacter, Pedobacter, Rhizorhapis, and Sphingopyxis) and indole acetic acid producing bacteria (such as Hydrogenophaga and Agromyces). The enrichment of these functional bacteria not only promoted the adhesion between bacteria and microalgae, but also promoted the growth of symbiotic microalgae, which contributed to the formation of stable large-sized MBC. The change in structure and function of MBC was ultimately reflected in the improved performance in treating municipal wastewater. The findings of this study provided insights into the mechanism underlying the enhanced performance of MBC for wastewater treatment under the influence of Ca[2+].},
}
@article {pmid39969492,
year = {2025},
author = {Yang, SL and Bi, XX and Huang, B and Xia, TY and Deng, LJ and Luo, XQ and Zhong, Y and Zhang, YP and Qian, YY and Yin, M and Ren, Z},
title = {Screening and transcriptomic profiling of tobacco growth-promoting arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi.},
journal = {Plant signaling &amp; behavior},
volume = {20},
number = {1},
pages = {2467935},
pmid = {39969492},
issn = {1559-2324},
mesh = {*Mycorrhizae/physiology ; *Nicotiana/microbiology/genetics/growth &amp; development ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Symbiosis/genetics ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Transcriptome/genetics ; Plant Roots/microbiology/metabolism/growth &amp; development/genetics ; },
abstract = {Tobacco is a significant economic crop cultivated in various regions of China. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can establish a symbiotic relationship with tobacco and regulate its growth. However, the influences of indigenous AMF on the growth and development of tobacco and their symbiotic mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, a pot inoculation experiment was conducted, revealing that six inoculants - Acaulospora bireticulata(Ab), Septoglomus viscosum(Sv), Funneliformis mosseae(Fm), Claroideoglomus etunicatum(Ce), Rhizophagus intraradices(Ri), and the mixed inoculant (H) - all formed stable symbiotic relationships with tobacco. These inoculants were found to enhance the activities of SOD, POD, PPO, and PAL in tobacco leaves, increase chlorophyll content, IAA content， CTK content， soluble sugars, and proline levels while reducing malondialdehyde content. Notably, among these inoculants, Fm exhibited significantly higher mycorrhizal infection density, arbuscular abundance, and soil spore density in the root systems of tobacco plants compared to other treatments. Membership function analysis confirmed that Fm had the most pronounced growth-promoting effect on tobacco. The transcriptome analysis results of different treatments of CK and inoculation with Fm revealed that 3,903 genes were upregulated and 4,196 genes were downregulated in the roots and stems of tobacco. Enrichment analysis indicated that the majority of these genes were annotated in related pathways such as biological processes, molecular functions, and metabolism. Furthermore, differentially expressed genes associated with auxin, cytokinin, antioxidant enzymes, and carotenoids were significantly enriched in their respective pathways, potentially indirectly influencing the regulation of tobacco plant growth. This study provides a theoretical foundation for the development and application of AMF inoculants to enhance tobacco growth.},
}
@article {pmid39969186,
year = {2025},
author = {Gómez-Fernández, GO and van Velzen, R and Mun, JH and Cook, DR and Kohlen, W and Larrainzar, E},
title = {Ethylene biosynthesis in legumes: gene identification and expression during early symbiotic stages.},
journal = {Journal of experimental botany},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/jxb/eraf069},
pmid = {39969186},
issn = {1460-2431},
abstract = {The final steps of ethylene biosynthesis involve the consecutive activity of two enzymes, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase (ACS) and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase (ACO). These enzymes are encoded by small gene families, which, in the case of legumes, have not been systematically characterized at the level of gene family membership or phylogenetic relationships. Moreover, the absence of consensus nomenclature complicates comparisons within the scientific literature, where authors are addressing the roles of these genes in planta. In this study, we provide a framework in which the ACS and ACO family members of several legume species, including the two model legumes Medicago truncatula and Lotus japonicus, were systematically annotated, named, and analyzed relative to genes from other dicot and monocot model species. A combination of phylogenetic and reciprocal BLAST analyses was used to identify evolutionary relationships among genes, including the identification of orthologous relationships that can inform hypotheses about function. Given the role of ethylene as a negative regulator of the legume-rhizobium symbiosis, we queried publicly available RNA-seq expression datasets to obtain an overview of the expression profiles of these genes in the interaction between M. truncatula and its nitrogen-fixing microsymbiont. The resulting evolutionary framework, as well as structural and expression analyses, are intended to facilitate ongoing functional studies in legumes.},
}
@article {pmid39968046,
year = {2024},
author = {Battie-Laclau, P and Taudière, A and Bernard, M and Bodénan, L and Duchemin, M and de Roman, Y and Yol, A and Barry-Etienne, D},
title = {Terroir and farming practices drive arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal communities in French vineyards.},
journal = {Frontiers in microbiology},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1463326},
pmid = {39968046},
issn = {1664-302X},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Nature-based management of vineyards is at the heart of a sustainable development for the next decades. Although much is known about grapevine benefits from Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF), little is known about the influence of vineyard terroir and farming practices on AMF communities.<br><br>METHODS: We examined the relative effect of wine terroir and agricultural practices (organic, conversion, and conventional) on AMF abundance and diversity across 75 vineyards distributed over 14 wine terroirs in 6 winegrowing regions in France. We estimate AMF abundance by measuring spore density and root mycorrhization rates, and characterize AMF communities composition using metabarcoding by sampling both root and spore compartments for each vineyard.<br><br>RESULTS: Organic farming slightly increases AMF abundance (spore density and mycorrhization rate). Vineyards under conversion and using organic practices display a higher AMF diversity than conventional ones. Terroirs vary widely in terms of AMF abundance and diversity, with the median of OTUs count per sample ranging from 9 (C&#xf4;te des Blancs) to 35 (Gigondas). The composition of AMF communities is structured mainly by terroir and in a lesser extent by practice. The effect of terroir on AMF communities is partially explained by distance decay and soil properties, but the majority of variation is still explained only by the terroir identity. Organic practices improve both abundance and diversity of AMF in vineyards, possibly leading to more productivity and resilience of grapevines.<br><br>CONCLUSION: This large-scale study highlights the importance of terroir in our understanding of vineyard microbiome and paves the way to incorporation of AMF in microbial terroir studies and applications.},
}
@article {pmid39967692,
year = {2025},
author = {Zhang, S and You, M and Shen, Y and Zhao, X and He, X and Liu, J and Ma, N},
title = {Improving fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome in laying hens through gut microbiota and oxylipin metabolism by Bacteroides fragilis: A potential involvement of arachidonic acid.},
journal = {Animal nutrition (Zhongguo xu mu shou yi xue hui)},
volume = {20},
number = {},
pages = {182-199},
pmid = {39967692},
issn = {2405-6383},
abstract = {Bacteroides fragilis (B. fragilis), a crucial commensal bacterium within the gut, has shown connections with hepatic lipid metabolism and inflammation regulation. Nonetheless, the role of B. fragilis in the progression of fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome (FLHS) remains unknown. This study aims to explore the ameliorative effects of B. fragilis on FLHS in laying hens, as well as its underlying mechanisms. This is the first study to employ a chicken FLHS model, combining microbiomics and oxylipin metabolomics to investigate the mechanism of action of intestinal symbiotic bacteria. Exp. 1: 40 laying hens at 25 weeks old were randomly divided into five treatment groups (eight replicates per group and one hen per replicate), including the control group (basal diet), the high-energy and low-protein (HELP) group, and the HELP group with three different levels (10[8], 10[9], and 10[10] CFU) of B. fragilis. Exp. 2: 18 chickens at 25 weeks old were randomly divided into three treatment groups (six replicates per group and one hen per replicate) including the control group (basal diet), the model group (HELP diet), and the arachidonic acid (AA) group (HELP diet with 0.3% AA). The experiment period of Exp. 1 and Exp. 2 were 8 weeks. B. fragilis significantly improved body weight of seventh week (P = 0.006), liver lipid degeneration, blood lipid levels (triglycerides, cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; P < 0.05), and liver function (alanine aminotransferase and aminotransferase; P < 0.05) in laying hens. B. fragilis downregulated the expression of lipid synthesis-related genes fatty acid synthase, acetyl-CoA carboxylase, and liver X receptor α, and inflammation-related genes tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 in the liver of FLHS-affected hens (P < 0.05), while upregulating the expression of lipid oxidation-related genes carnitine palmitoyl transferase-1, peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR) α, and PPARγ (P < 0.05). The in-depth analysis indicated alterations in oxylipin pathways triggered by B. fragilis, as evidenced by changes in the expression of pivotal genes arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase, arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase (P < 0.05), subsequently causing modifications in relevant metabolites. This included a decrease in pro-inflammatory substances such as 15-oxoETE (P = 0.004), accompanied by an increase in AA (P = 0.008). B. fragilis regulated the homeostasis of intestinal flora by increasing the abundance of Bacteroides and decreasing the abundance of Succinatimonas and Faecalicoccus (P < 0.05). The integrated analysis revealed a robust positive correlation between Bacteroides abundance and AA levels (P = 0.007). This relationship was corroborated through in vitro experiments. Subsequently, the beneficial effect of AA in mitigating FLHS was confirmed in laying hens with FLHS, further supported by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis demonstrating gene expression patterns akin to B. fragilis intervention. This study demonstrated that B. fragilis exerts an anti-FLHS effect through modulation of oxylipin metabolism and gut microbiota stability, with a pivotal role played by AA.},
}
@article {pmid39966475,
year = {2025},
author = {Gu, Y and Wang, H and Yang, Y and Chen, H and Chen, C and Cheng, W},
title = {Metabonomics reveals the mechanism of stress resistance in Vetiveria zizanioides inoculated with AMF under copper stress.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {6005},
pmid = {39966475},
issn = {2045-2322},
support = {31500451//The National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 31500451//The National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 31500451//The National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 31500451//The National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; Qiankehe Support Letter [2020] 1Y046//the Science and Technology Plan of Guizhou Province/ ; Qiankehe Support Letter [2020] 1Y046//the Science and Technology Plan of Guizhou Province/ ; Qiankehe Support Letter [2020] 1Y046//the Science and Technology Plan of Guizhou Province/ ; },
mesh = {*Copper/metabolism ; *Chrysopogon/metabolism ; *Metabolomics/methods ; *Stress, Physiological ; *Mycorrhizae/physiology/drug effects ; Plant Roots/metabolism/microbiology/drug effects ; },
abstract = {Vetiveria zizanioides, renowned for its robust stability and exceptional capacity to sequester heavy metals, has garnered widespread application in tailings ecological restoration efforts. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), which are capable of forming symbiotic relationships with more than 80% of terrestrial plant roots, play a pivotal role in enhancing plant nutrient uptake and bolstering resilience. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive investigation into the physiological and biochemical responses of Vetiveria zizanioides subjected to varying levels of copper stress (with copper concentrations ranging from 0 mg/kg to 400 mg/kg), with or without AMF inoculation. Additionally, we performed nontargeted metabonomic analyses to gain deeper insights into the metabolic changes that occur in vetiver grass under AMF inoculation and copper stress. Our findings revealed that Vetiveria zizanioides inoculated with AMF consistently demonstrated superior growth performance across all copper stress levels compared with noninoculated counterparts. Using nontargeted metabonomic analyses, inoculation with AMF affects the metabolism of phenylalanine and related pathways in vetiver as well as contributing to the promotion of the formation of phytochelatins (PCs) from glutamate, thereby alleviating copper stress. The results highlight the potential of AMF-inoculated Vetiveria zizanioides as a promising bioremediation tool capable of effectively mitigating the adverse effects of heavy metal pollution.},
}
@article {pmid39966403,
year = {2025},
author = {Tamayo, E and López-Lorca, VM and Shim, C and López-Castillo, O and Castillo, AG and Requena, N and Benz, JP and Ferrol, N},
title = {The Rhizophagus irregularis permease RiFTR1 functions without a ferroxidase partner for reductive iron transport.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {5840},
pmid = {39966403},
issn = {2045-2322},
mesh = {*Iron/metabolism ; *Ceruloplasmin/metabolism/genetics ; *Medicago truncatula/genetics/metabolism/microbiology ; *Mycorrhizae/metabolism ; *Fungal Proteins/metabolism/genetics ; Membrane Transport Proteins/metabolism/genetics ; Plant Roots/metabolism/microbiology/genetics ; Biological Transport ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Symbiosis ; Fungi ; },
abstract = {The contribution of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AM fungi) to plant iron (Fe) acquisition has been demonstrated in several studies. A previous investigation revealed that the AM fungus Rhizophagus irregularis utilizes a high-affinity reductive pathway for Fe uptake, mediated by the Fe transporter RiFTR1. In this study, we used a genome-wide approach in R. irregularis to find genes encoding ferroxidases of the multicopper oxidase (MCO) gene family in an attempt to identify the ferroxidase partner of RiFTR1. Nine genes putatively encoding MCOs (RiMCO1-9) were identified. Yeast complementation assays demonstrated that RiMCO1 and RiMCO3 can function as ferroxidases, suggesting their involvement in the reductive Fe uptake pathway. Surprisingly, RiFTR1 was capable of transporting Fe in yeast without a ferroxidase partner, resembling the Fe transport mechanism of plant IRT1-like systems. RiFTR1 exhibited increase expression in arbuscules. Overexpression of RiFTR1 in Medicago truncatula roots led to enhanced mycorrhizal colonization and arbuscule abundance, highlighting the significance of Fe for AM symbiosis.},
}
@article {pmid39965474,
year = {2025},
author = {Yang, X and Yao, M and Li, P and van der Hoek, JP and Zhang, L and Liu, G},
title = {Mutual symbiosis of electroactive bacteria and denitrifiers for improved refractory carbon utilization and nitrate reduction.},
journal = {Environment international},
volume = {197},
number = {},
pages = {109330},
doi = {10.1016/j.envint.2025.109330},
pmid = {39965474},
issn = {1873-6750},
abstract = {Mutual symbiosis of electroactive bacteria (EAB) and denitrifier may be the key for solving the refractory carbon and residual nitrogen in wastewater treatment plant effluent. However, its application is hampered by unclear co-metabolic model and uncertain electron transfer. Here, we achieved 3-5 times increase in refractory carbon degradation, 40 % improvement in denitrification, and 36.0 % decrease in N2O emission by co-culturing P. aeruginosa strain GWP-1 and G. sulfurreducens. Such an enhancement is obtained by both refractory carbon co-metabolism and interspecies electron transfer (IET) between GWP-1 and G. sulfurreducens. Importantly, IET was quantified via isotopic approach, which revealed that G. sulfureducens supplies more electrons to GWP-1 when the system was fed with cellulose (0.071 mM) than glucose (0.012 mM). This study demonstrates that the residual refractory carbon and nitrogen in treated wastewater could be further converted by mutual symbiosis of EAB and denitrifiers, which paves a synergic way for pollution and carbon reduction.},
}
@article {pmid39964876,
year = {2025},
author = {Stankiewicz, KH and Guiglielmoni, N and Kitchen, SA and Flot, JF and Barott, KL and Davies, SW and Finnerty, JR and Grace, SP and Kaufman, LS and Putnam, HM and Rotjan, RD and Sharp, KH and Peters, EC and Baums, IB},
title = {Genomic comparison of the temperate coral Astrangia poculata with tropical corals yields insights into winter quiescence, innate immunity, and sexual reproduction.},
journal = {G3 (Bethesda, Md.)},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/g3journal/jkaf033},
pmid = {39964876},
issn = {2160-1836},
abstract = {Facultatively symbiotic corals provide important experimental models to explore the establishment, maintenance, and breakdown of the mutualism between corals and members of the algal family Symbiodiniaceae. Here, we report the de novo chromosome-scale genome assembly and annotation of the facultatively symbiotic, temperate coral Astrangia poculata. Though widespread segmental/tandem duplications of genomic regions were detected, we did not find strong evidence of a whole genome duplication (WGD) event. Comparison of the gene arrangement between A. poculata and the tropical coral Acropora millepora revealed considerable conserved colinearity despite ∼415 million years of divergence. Gene families related to sperm hyperactivation and innate immunity, including lectins, were found to contain more genes in A. millepora relative to A. poculata. Sperm hyperactivation in A. millepora is expected given the extreme requirements of gamete competition during mass spawning events in tropical corals, while lectins are important in the establishment of coral-algal symbiosis. By contrast, gene families involved in sleep promotion, feeding suppression, and circadian sleep/wake cycle processes were expanded in A. poculata. These expanded gene families may play a role in A. poculata's ability to enter a dormancy-like state ("winter quiescence") to survive freezing temperatures at the northern edges of the species' range.},
}
@article {pmid39964711,
year = {2025},
author = {Wang, S and Ye, H and Yang, C and Zhang, Y and Pu, J and Ren, Y and Xie, K and Wang, L and Zeng, D and He, H and Ji, H and Herrera-Estrella, LR and Xu, G and Chen, A},
title = {OsNLP3 and OsPHR2 orchestrate direct and mycorrhizal pathways for nitrate uptake by regulating NAR2.1-NRT2s complexes in rice.},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
volume = {122},
number = {8},
pages = {e2416345122},
doi = {10.1073/pnas.2416345122},
pmid = {39964711},
issn = {1091-6490},
support = {2021YFF1000400//MOST | National Key Research and Development Program of China (NKPs)/ ; 32172670//National Natural Science Foundation of China-Guangdong Joint Fund (NSFC)/ ; YDZX2024019//Fundamental Reserach Fund for the Cenbtral Universities/ ; BK20230992//Basic Research Program of Jiangsu province in China/ ; },
mesh = {*Mycorrhizae/metabolism/physiology ; *Oryza/metabolism/microbiology/genetics ; *Nitrates/metabolism ; *Plant Proteins/metabolism/genetics ; *Symbiosis/physiology ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Anion Transport Proteins/metabolism/genetics ; Plant Roots/metabolism/microbiology ; Nitrate Transporters/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; },
abstract = {Nitrogen (N) is the most important essential nutrient required by plants. Most land plants have evolved two N uptake pathways, a direct root pathway and a symbiotic pathway, via association with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. However, the interaction between the two pathways is ambiguous. Here, we report that OsNAR2.1-OsNRT2s, the nitrate (NO3[-]) transporter complexes with crucial roles in direct NO3[-] uptake, are also recruited for symbiotic NO3[-] uptake. OsNAR2.1 and OsNRT2.1/2.2 are coregulated by NIN-like protein 3 (OsNLP3), a key regulator in NO3[-] signaling, and OsPHR2, a major regulator of phosphate starvation responses. More importantly, AM symbiosis induces expression of OsNAR2.1-OsNRT2s, OsNLP3, and OsSPX4, encoding an intracellular Pi sensor, in arbuscular-containing cells, but weakens their expression in the epidermis. OsNAR2.1 and OsNLP3 can activate both mycorrhizal NO3[-] uptake and mycorrhization efficiency. Overall, we demonstrate that OsNLP3 and OsPHR2 orchestrate the direct and mycorrhizal NO3[-] uptake pathways by regulating the NAR2.1-NRT2s complexes in rice.},
}
@article {pmid39964074,
year = {2025},
author = {Wu, T and Rodrigues, AA and Fayle, TM and Henry, LM},
title = {Defensive Symbiont Genotype Distributions Are Linked to Parasitoid Attack Networks.},
journal = {Ecology letters},
volume = {28},
number = {2},
pages = {e70082},
pmid = {39964074},
issn = {1461-0248},
support = {RPG-2020-211//Leverhulme Trust/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Aphids/parasitology/physiology ; *Symbiosis ; *Genotype ; *Wasps/physiology/genetics ; *Host-Parasite Interactions ; Enterobacteriaceae/genetics/physiology ; },
abstract = {Facultative symbionts are widespread in arthropods and can provide important services such as protection from natural enemies. Yet what shapes associations with defensive symbionts in nature remains unclear. Two hypotheses suggest that interactions with either antagonists or host plants explain the prevalence of symbionts through shared selective pressures or vectors of symbiont transmission. Here we investigate the factors determining similarities in the Hamiltonella defensa symbiosis shared amongst field-collected aphid species. After accounting for host species relatedness, we find that Hamiltonella's genotype distribution aligns with sharing the same parasitoids, rather than host plants, highlighting parasitoids and hosts as key selective agents shaping the symbiosis across aphid species. Our data indicates parasitoid host specificity drives the prevalence of specific aphid-Hamiltonella associations, suggesting defensive symbioses are maintained by the selective pressure imposed by dominant parasitoids and their aphid hosts. These findings underscore the importance of interactions with natural enemies in explaining patterns of defensive symbiosis in nature.},
}
@article {pmid39963532,
year = {2025},
author = {Bucher, M and Genre, A and Kameoka, H and Lanfranco, L and Paszkowski, U and Xue, L},
title = {Editorial: Highlights of iMMM2023 - International Molecular Mycorrhiza Meeting.},
journal = {Frontiers in plant science},
volume = {16},
number = {},
pages = {1559814},
pmid = {39963532},
issn = {1664-462X},
}
@article {pmid39963528,
year = {2025},
author = {Liu, H and Zhang, Y and Zhang, L and Liu, Y and Chen, Y and Shi, Y},
title = {Nano-selenium strengthens potato resistance to potato scab induced by Streptomyces spp., increases yield, and elevates tuber quality by influencing rhizosphere microbiomes.},
journal = {Frontiers in plant science},
volume = {16},
number = {},
pages = {1523174},
pmid = {39963528},
issn = {1664-462X},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: The application of selenium could directly or indirectly modulate the activity of antioxidant enzymes in crops, thereby mitigating the detrimental effects of abiotic and biotic stresses on crop health. However, there are few studies on the effects of nano-selenium fertilizer on potato scab caused by Streptomyces spp., potato yield and tuber quality.<br><br>METHODS: We aimed to elucidate the impact of nano-selenium fertilizer on potato disease resistance, yield, tuber quality, antioxidant enzyme activity and rhizosphere soil bacterial communities, and to determine the optimal frequency and growth stages of nano-selenium fertilizer spraying.<br><br>RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: The application of nano-selenium fertilizer twice during the seedling stage significantly reduced the disease index of potato scab, enhanced potato yield, tuber quality (dry matter, Vitamin C, crude protein, and selenium content), and antioxidant enzyme activity (glutathione peroxidase, peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase, superoxide dismutase, and phenylalanine ammonia lyase). The diversity of the rhizosphere bacterial community of potatoes subjected to selenium fertilizer spraying at the seedling stage increased significantly, and concurrently, the symbiotic network of rhizosphere bacterial microbiome grew more complex. Beneficial microorganisms such as bacteria of the genus Bacillus were enriched in the rhizosphere soil. The current study provided theoretical support for the exploration of a potato selenium-enriched technology system and supplies scientific guidance for the utilization of nano-selenium.},
}
@article {pmid39963284,
year = {2025},
author = {Zhang, H and Zhao, R and Wang, X and Qi, Y and Sandai, D and Wang, W and Song, Z and Liang, Q},
title = {Interruption of mitochondrial symbiosis is associated with the development of osteoporosis.},
journal = {Frontiers in endocrinology},
volume = {16},
number = {},
pages = {1488489},
pmid = {39963284},
issn = {1664-2392},
mesh = {*Osteoporosis/metabolism/etiology/pathology ; Humans ; *Symbiosis ; *Mitochondria/metabolism ; Animals ; Osteoblasts/metabolism ; Osteoclasts/metabolism ; },
abstract = {Mitochondria maintain bacterial traits because of their endosymbiotic origins, yet the host cell recognizes them as non-threatening since the organelles are compartmentalized. Nevertheless, the controlled release of mitochondrial components into the cytoplasm can initiate cell death, activate innate immunity, and provoke inflammation. This selective interruption of endosymbiosis as early as 2 billion years ago allowed mitochondria to become intracellular signaling hubs. Recent studies have found that the interruption of mitochondrial symbiosis may be closely related to the occurrence of various diseases, especially osteoporosis (OP). OP is a systemic bone disease characterized by reduced bone mass, impaired bone microstructure, elevated bone fragility, and susceptibility to fracture. The interruption of intra-mitochondrial symbiosis affects the energy metabolism of bone cells, leads to the imbalance of bone formation and bone absorption, and promotes the occurrence of osteoporosis. In this paper, we reviewed the mechanism of mitochondrial intersymbiosis interruption in OP, discussed the relationship between mitochondrial intersymbiosis interruption and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, osteoblasts and osteoclasts, as well as the inheritance and adaptation in the evolutionary process, and prospected the future research direction to provide new ideas for clinical treatment.},
}
@article {pmid39962733,
year = {2025},
author = {Chen, N and Liu, L and Wang, J and Mao, D and Lu, H and Shishido, TK and Zhi, S and Chen, H and He, S},
title = {Novel Gene Clusters for Secondary Metabolite Synthesis in Mesophotic Sponge-Associated Bacteria.},
journal = {Microbial biotechnology},
volume = {18},
number = {2},
pages = {e70107},
pmid = {39962733},
issn = {1751-7915},
support = {422010882//Startup Foundation of Ningbo University/ ; 422110473//Startup Foundation of Ningbo University/ ; 422207513//Startup Foundation of Ningbo University/ ; 31600016//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 41776168//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 2021Z04//Ningbo Natural Science Foundation/ ; D16013//National 111 Project of China/ ; NNF22OC0080109//Novo Nordisk Fonden/ ; },
mesh = {*Multigene Family ; *Porifera/microbiology ; *Secondary Metabolism/genetics ; *Bacteria/genetics/metabolism/classification ; Animals ; Polyketide Synthases/genetics/metabolism ; Biosynthetic Pathways/genetics ; Metagenome ; Peptide Synthases/genetics/metabolism ; Terpenes/metabolism ; Phylogeny ; },
abstract = {Mesophotic coral ecosystems (MCEs) host a diverse array of sponge species, which represent a promising source of bioactive compounds. Increasing evidence suggests that sponge-associated bacteria may be the primary producers of these compounds. However, cultivating these bacteria under laboratory conditions remains a significant challenge. To investigate the rich resource of bioactive compounds synthesised by mesophotic sponge-associated bacteria, we retrieved 429 metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) from 15 mesophotic sponges, revealing a strong correlation between bacterial diversity and sponge species. Furthermore, we identified 1637 secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) within these MAGs. Among the identified BGCs, terpenes were the most abundant (495), followed by 369 polyketide synthases (PKSs), 293 ribosomally synthesised and post-translationally modified peptides (RiPPs) and 135 nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs). The BGCs were classified into 1086 gene cluster families (GCFs) based on sequence similarity. Notably, only five GCFs included experimentally validated reference BGCs from the Minimum Information about a Biosynthetic Gene cluster database (MIBiG). Additionally, an unusual abundance of BGCs was detected in Entotheonella sp. (s191209.Bin93) from the Tectomicrobia phylum. In contrast, members of Proteobacteria and Acidobacteriota harboured fewer BGCs (6-7 on average), yet their high abundance in MCE sponges suggests a potentially rich reservoir of BGCs. Analysis of the BGC distribution patterns revealed that a subset of BGCs, including terpene GCFs (FAM_00447 and FAM_01046), PKS GCF (FAM_00235), and RiPPs GCF (FAM_01143), were widespread across mesophotic sponges. Furthermore, 32 GCFs were consistently present in the same MAGs across different sponges, highlighting their potential key biological roles and capacity to yield novel bioactive compounds. This study not only underscores the untapped potential of mesophotic sponge-associated bacteria as a source of bioactive compounds but also provides valuable insights into the intricate interactions between sponges and their symbiotic microbial communities.},
}
@article {pmid39961027,
year = {2025},
author = {Ling, L and Camuel, A and Wang, S and Wang, X and Liao, T and Tao, J and Lin, X and Nouwen, N and Giraud, E and Luo, H},
title = {Correlating phylogenetic and functional diversity of the nod-free but nodulating Bradyrhizobium phylogroup.},
journal = {The ISME journal},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/ismejo/wraf030},
pmid = {39961027},
issn = {1751-7370},
abstract = {Bradyrhizobium is a main rhizobial lineage of which most members nodulate legume plants using Nod factors synthetized by the nod genes. However, members of the Photosynthetic supergroup (phylogroup) within Bradyrhizobium are nod-free, but still capable of establishing nitrogen-fixing nodules with some tropical legumes of the Aeschynomene genus. These unusual findings are based on the genomic sequences of only 13 Photosynthetic Bradyrhizobium strains, and almost all were isolated from Aeschynomene nodules. Here, we report that Photosynthetic Bradyrhizobium supergroup members are more abundantly associated with rice root (endosphere and rhizosphere) compared to grassland, forest, and maize samples based on rpoB amplicon sequence analyses. We sequenced 263 new isolates of this supergroup mostly from two main subspecies of cultivated rice (Oryza sativa L. spp. indica and japonica). The extended supergroup comprises three major clades with their diversity broadly covering the natural community of this supergroup: a basal clade with significant expansion of its diversity, a clade composed by two phylogenetically diverse strains including one newly isolated, and a new clade exclusively represented by our new strains. Although this supergroup members universally lack the canonical nod genes, all 28 assayed strains covering the broad diversity induced nodules on Aeschynomene indica. The three clades displayed important differences in the efficiency of symbiosis, aligning well with their phylogenetic divergence. With this expanded ecological, phylogenetic, and functional diversity, we conclude that the nod factor-independent nodulation of Aeschynomene is a common trait of this supergroup, in contrast to the photosynthetic trait originally thought of as its unifying feature.},
}
@article {pmid39960031,
year = {2025},
author = {Guillierme, E and Gevaert, K and Goormachtig, S and Struk, S},
title = {About How Nitrate Controls Nodulation: Will Soybean Spill the Bean?.},
journal = {Plant, cell &amp; environment},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/pce.15430},
pmid = {39960031},
issn = {1365-3040},
support = {//This work was funded by the Research Foundation Flanders (FWO) (1168425N to E.G., 1280424N to S.S.)./ ; },
abstract = {Legumes have the beneficial capacity to establish symbiotic interactions with rhizobia, which provide their host plants with fixed nitrogen. However, in the presence of nitrogen, this process is rapidly repressed to avoid unnecessary investments of carbon in the symbiosis. Several players involved in regulating nodulation in response to nitrate availability have been identified, including peptide hormones, microRNAs and transcription factors. Nevertheless, how these molecular players are linked to each other and what underlying molecular mechanisms are at play to inhibit nodulation remain unresolved. Nitrate-mediated control of nodulation seems to differ between model legumes, such as Medicago and Lotus, compared to legume crops such as soybean. A deeper understanding of these regulatory processes, particularly in soybean, is expected to contribute to establishing increased nodulation efficiency in modern agricultural systems, hence improving sustainability by reducing the need for environmentally hazardous nitrogen fertilizers. This review describes the state of the art of nitrate-regulated nodulation in soybean, while drawing parallels with molecular mechanisms described in other legumes and addressing knowledge gaps that require future study.},
}
@article {pmid39959470,
year = {2025},
author = {Kridler, MR and Howe, A and Legins, JA and Guerrero, C and Bartelme, RP and Taylor, B and Carini, P},
title = {High-quality PacBio draft genome sequences of 17 free-living Bradyrhizobium and four related Nitrobacteraceae strains isolated from arid soils in the Santa Catalina Mountains of Southern Arizona.},
journal = {Access microbiology},
volume = {7},
number = {2},
pages = {},
pmid = {39959470},
issn = {2516-8290},
abstract = {Non-symbiotic Bradyrhizobium are among the most abundant and ubiquitous microbes in bulk soils globally. Despite this, most available genomic resources for Bradyrhizobium are derived from plant-associated strains. We present high-quality draft genomes for 17 Bradyrhizobium and four Nitrobacteraceae cultures isolated from bulk semiarid soils in Arizona, USA. The genome sizes range from 5.99 to 10.4 Mbp. Phylogenomic analysis of the 21 genomes indicates they fall into four clades. Two of the clades are nested within the Bradyrhizobium genus. The other two clades were associated with Nitrobacteraceae outgroups basal to Bradyrhizobium. All genomes lack genes coding for molybdenum or vanadium nitrogenases, and nod genes that code for proteins involved in nodulation, suggesting these isolates are free-living, non-symbiotic and do not fix dinitrogen gas. These genomes offer new resources for investigating free-living Bradyrhizobium lineages.},
}
@article {pmid39954089,
year = {2025},
author = {Liu, K and Deng, S and Zhou, Y and Xu, B and Zhang, Y and Li, W and Liu, X and Yao, X},
title = {Crosstalk Between the Skin Environment and Microbial Community in Immune-Related Skin Diseases.},
journal = {Clinical reviews in allergy &amp; immunology},
volume = {68},
number = {1},
pages = {16},
pmid = {39954089},
issn = {1559-0267},
support = {82373489//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 82373489//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 82373489//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 82373489//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 82373489//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 82373489//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 82373489//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 82373489//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 2021-I2M-1-059//CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences/ ; 2021-I2M-1-059//CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences/ ; 2021-I2M-1-059//CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences/ ; 2021-I2M-1-059//CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences/ ; 2021-I2M-1-059//CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences/ ; 2021-I2M-1-059//CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences/ ; 2021-I2M-1-059//CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences/ ; 2021-I2M-1-059//CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *Microbiota/immunology ; *Skin/microbiology/immunology ; *Skin Diseases/immunology/etiology/microbiology ; Animals ; Disease Susceptibility ; Cellular Microenvironment/immunology ; },
abstract = {The skin surface hosts diverse skin microbiota, including bacteria, fungi, and viruses. Intricate interactions between the skin microenvironment and microbial community are crucial for maintaining cutaneous homeostasis. This review explores the bidirectional relationship between the skin ecosystem and its microbiota. The skin microenvironment is shaped by a combination of intrinsic factors, dominated by sweat glands and pilosebaceous units, and external factors, such as UV radiation and personal care products, which create distinct niches that influence microbial colonization patterns across different skin regions. The skin microbiome, in turn, modulates the physical, chemical, immunological, and microbial barriers of the skin. We also discuss the alterations in this crosstalk in various immune-related skin conditions such as atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, rosacea, hidradenitis suppurativa, skin cancer, and aging. Understanding these interactions is vital for developing targeted microbiome-based therapies for various skin disorders. Further researches are needed to deepen insights into the microbial roles and their therapeutic potentials in skin health and disease.},
}
@article {pmid39953951,
year = {2025},
author = {Ametrano, CG and Jensen, J and Lumbsch, HT and Grewe, F},
title = {UnFATE: A Comprehensive Probe Set and Bioinformatics Pipeline for Phylogeny Reconstruction and Multilocus Barcoding of Filamentous Ascomycetes (Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina).},
journal = {Systematic biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/sysbio/syaf011},
pmid = {39953951},
issn = {1076-836X},
abstract = {The subphylum Pezizomycotina (filamentous ascomycetes) is the largest clade within Ascomycota. Despite the importance of this group of fungi, our understanding of their evolution is still limited due to insufficient taxon sampling. Although next-generation sequencing technology allows us to obtain complete genomes for phylogenetic analyses, generating complete genomes of fungal species can be challenging, especially when fungi occur in symbiotic relationships or when the DNA of rare herbarium specimens is degraded or contaminated. Additionally, assembly, annotation, and gene extraction of whole-genome sequencing data require bioinformatics skills and computational power, resulting in a substantial data burden. To overcome these obstacles, we designed a universal target enrichment probe set to reconstruct the phylogenetic relationships of filamentous ascomycetes at different phylogenetic levels. From a pool of single-copy orthologous genes extracted from available Pezizomycotina genomes, we identified the smallest subset of genetic markers that can reliably reconstruct a robust phylogeny. We used a clustering approach to identify a sequence set that could provide an optimal trade-off between potential missing data and probe set cost. We incorporated this probe set into a user-friendly wrapper script named UnFATE (https://github.com/claudioametrano/UnFATE) that allows phylogenomic inferences without requiring expert bioinformatics knowledge. In addition to phylogenetic results, the software provides a powerful multilocus alternative to ITS-based barcoding. Phylogeny and barcoding approaches can be complemented by an integrated, pre-processed, and periodically updated database of all publicly available Pezizomycotina genomes. The UnFATE pipeline, using the 195 selected marker genes, consistently performed well across various phylogenetic depths, generating trees consistent with the reference phylogenomic inferences. The topological distance between the reference trees from literature and the best tree produced by UnFATE ranged between 0.10 and 0.14 (nRF) for phylogenies from family to subphylum level. We also tested the in vitro success of the universal baits set in a target capture approach on 25 herbarium specimens from ten representative classes in Pezizomycotina, which recovered a topology congruent with recent phylogenomic inferences for this group of fungi. The discriminating power of our gene set was also assessed by the multilocus barcoding approach, which outperformed the barcoding approach based on ITS. With these tools, we aim to provide a framework for a collaborative approach to build robust, conclusive phylogenies of this important fungal clade.},
}
@article {pmid39953546,
year = {2025},
author = {Roux, N and Delannoy, C and Yu, SY and Miura, S and Carlu, L and Besseau, L and Nakagawa, T and Sato, C and Kitajima, K and Guerardel, Y and Laudet, V},
title = {Anemonefish use sialic acid metabolism as Trojan horse to avoid giant sea anemone stinging.},
journal = {BMC biology},
volume = {23},
number = {1},
pages = {39},
pmid = {39953546},
issn = {1741-7007},
support = {FY2023//J-GlycoNet Joint Research Program/ ; Shinka Grant//Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Sea Anemones/physiology/metabolism ; *N-Acetylneuraminic Acid/metabolism ; Symbiosis ; Perciformes/physiology/metabolism ; Mucus/metabolism ; Nematocyst/metabolism ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Anemonefish association with sea anemones is a prime example of mutualistic symbiosis. These fish live inside the sea anemone, benefitting from the protection of its toxic nematocysts, and in return, protect the anemone from its own predators. How anemonefish manage to avoid their host toxic stings remains unclear. One hypothesis suggests that low levels of sialic acids in anemonefish mucus prevent nematocyst discharge.<br><br>RESULTS: This study verified four predictions: (i) anemonefish mucus has lower sialic acid levels than non-symbiotic damselfish; (ii) this reduction is specific to mucus; (iii) during development, sialic acid levels inversely correlate with protection; (iv) sea anemone mucus has minimal sialic acids.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that anemonefish regulates the level of sialic acids in their mucus to avoid nematocyst discharge. We also highlight several genes implicated in sialic acid removal that could explain the protection mechanisms in place. This mechanism, potentially used by Dascyllus trimaculatus juveniles, suggests a convergent strategy for mutualistic associations with sea anemones.},
}
@article {pmid39951998,
year = {2025},
author = {Li, S and Xiang, N and Shu, C and Xu, F},
title = {Unveiling the industrial synergy optimization pathways in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration based on water-energy-carbon nexus.},
journal = {Journal of environmental management},
volume = {376},
number = {},
pages = {124528},
doi = {10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.124528},
pmid = {39951998},
issn = {1095-8630},
abstract = {Urban agglomerations play an increasingly important role in bolstering regional economic growth; meanwhile bring with substantial water and energy consumption and carbon emissions. Its sustainable development needs synergistic management of water-energy-carbon (WEC), which is vitally linked by industrial activities. Taken Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) urban agglomeration in China, this study adopts material flow analysis to clarify WEC nexus footprint patterns of the urban agglomeration, initially develops a multi-regional dynamic synergistic development model to explore industrial optimization pathways for WEC system management from 2020 to 2035. The complex model is constructed and simulated by integrating input-output modeling, system dynamics, and multi-objective programming. Simulation results revealed that optimal industrial restructuring with regional corporation, including equipment manufacturing are in a leading position, whereas conventional manufacturing that achieve cross-regional synergy can still release locational advantages without adverse environmental impacts. Through above industrial roadmap, a symbiotic industrial chain among urban agglomerations could be formed; the integrated optimization of resource efficiency improvement and emission sinks could be achieved coherently, with eco-efficiency increasing by 24.4%, 21.8%, and 42.4% for water, energy, and carbon; moreover, key sectors for industrial transfer within the urban agglomeration (e.g., water- and energy-intensive, high emission sectors) will be critical areas for coordinated management (contributing over 68% of resource consumption and CO2 emissions). In addition to industrial structure optimization, the marginal potential for carbon reduction through energy structure optimization is more prominent than energy efficiency gains. The findings offer policymakers valuable insights into integrated resource management within industrial collaboration for urban agglomerations, providing guidance in formulating effective environmental policies and economic strategies aligned with sustainable development goals.},
}
@article {pmid39950727,
year = {2025},
author = {Szelag, B and Ciuccoli, N and González-Camejo, J and Giansanti, C and Kiczko, A and Eusebi, AL and Palermo, C and Fatone, F},
title = {Seawater intrusion and infiltration modelling coupled to digital tools to avoid high saline concentrations in reclaimed water: application in coastal central Italy.},
journal = {Water science and technology : a journal of the International Association on Water Pollution Research},
volume = {91},
number = {3},
pages = {280-294},
pmid = {39950727},
issn = {0273-1223},
support = {869318//Horizon 2020 Framework Programme/ ; },
mesh = {*Seawater/chemistry ; Italy ; *Models, Theoretical ; Salinity ; Wastewater/chemistry ; Waste Disposal, Fluid/methods ; Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis ; Sodium Chloride/chemistry/analysis ; },
abstract = {Industrial symbiosis approach was established between an industrial company and a water utility to prioritize the reuse of urban wastewater for industrial purposes. This requires low-salinity water, but this area is frequently affected by saline intrusion, thus creating water-related conflicts between the different economic activities. This study proposes a digital solution that combines dynamic simulation model (that predicts seawater intrusion and runoff) with digital tools, i.e., smart equalization (control algorithm) and matchmaking platform (decision support system). The models aim to predict the periods where significant peaks of salinity occurs, whereas the tools aim to distribute the wastewater and reclaimed water streams to diverse applications (industrial, agricultural) and/or treatments (conventional treatment, reverse osmosis) to maximize the amount of wastewater reused in efficient and sustainable way. During the 2D simulated period, wastewater conductivity was in range of 2100-2700 µS·cm[-1]. Although this conductivity was over the limit required for industrial reuse, the digital solution implemented in this study enabled to recover 71% of the total wastewater produced for industrial purposes and 10% for irrigation, only discharging 19% of the total. The approach implemented in this study would be very useful to be replicated in coastal areas where saline intrusion is relevant.},
}
@article {pmid39950511,
year = {2025},
author = {Dou, R and Wang, L and Zhang, J and Cai, X and Tang, J and Liu, X and Hu, Y and Chen, J},
title = {Reversing Photodynamic Therapy-Induced Tumor Metabolic Symbiosis and Immune Evasion Delivers a Two-Punch Attack on Tumors.},
journal = {Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e2409052},
doi = {10.1002/smll.202409052},
pmid = {39950511},
issn = {1613-6829},
support = {2022A1515140073//Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation/ ; 7212212//Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation/ ; 11875269//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 21574136//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 2022-PUMCH-E-004//National High Level Hospital Clinical Research Funding/ ; },
abstract = {Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an attractive approach for tumor treatment because of its precision, potent cytotoxic effect, and low risk of resistance compared to conventional cancer treatments. However, PDT consumes oxygen. The oxygen depletion effects in PDT-treated tumor cells can elevate lactic acid production and efflux, promoting the progression of surrounding tumor cells through tumor metabolic symbiosis and promoting macrophages to M2-type polarization for supporting tumor progression. Herein, a multifunctional nanosystem is developed for the intracellular co-delivery of the photosensitizer (ICG), the nanozyme (iron oxide nanoparticles, MNPs), and siMCT4 (siRNA for monocarboxylate transporter 4). In tumor cells undergoing PDT, siMCT4 inhibits lactate efflux, thereby limiting extracellular lactate-associated malignancy and immune evasion. Meanwhile, both the reduction of extracellular lactate levels and the presence of MNPs in the tumor microenvironment promote the M1-type polarization to enhance the antitumor activity of macrophages. Furthermore, the intracellular lactic acid accumulation and M1-type macrophage-secreted H2O2 facilitate the MNPs-mediated chemodynamic therapy (CDT). Therefore, the intelligent nanosystem, IM@iPPAE@siMCT4, can regulate the intra/extracellular lactate levels and the M1-type macrophage polarization to deliver a two-punch attack on tumor cells. This nanosystem circumvents the problems arising from antitumor PDT.},
}
@article {pmid39950409,
year = {2025},
author = {DeMontigny, W and Bachvaroff, T},
title = {The Nuclear and Mitochondrial Genomes of Amoebophrya sp. ex Karlodinium veneficum.},
journal = {G3 (Bethesda, Md.)},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/g3journal/jkaf030},
pmid = {39950409},
issn = {2160-1836},
abstract = {Dinoflagellates are a diverse group of microplankton that include free-living, symbiotic, and parasitic species. Amoebophrya, a basal lineage of parasitic dinoflagellates, infects a variety of marine microorganisms, including harmful-bloom-forming algae. Although there are currently three published Amoebophrya genomes, this genus has considerable genomic diversity. We add to the growing genomic data for Amoebophrya with an annotated genome assembly for Amoebophrya sp. ex Karlodinium veneficum. This species appears to translate all three canonical stop codons contextually. Stop codons are present in the open reading frames of about half of the predicted gene models, including genes essential for cellular function. The in-frame stop codons are likely translated by suppressor tRNAs that were identified in the assembly. We also assembled the mitochondrial genome, which has remained elusive in the previous Amoebophrya genome assemblies. The mitochondrial genome assembly consists of many fragments with high sequence identity in the genes but low sequence identity in intergenic regions. Nuclear and mitochondrially-encoded proteins indicate that Amoebophrya sp. ex K. veneficum does not have a bipartite electron transport chain, unlike previously analyzed Amoebophrya species. This study highlights the importance of analyzing multiple genomes from highly diverse genera such as Amoebophrya.},
}
@article {pmid39950092,
year = {2025},
author = {Bock, B and Curry, L and Gehring, C},
title = {Better utilization of inorganic nitrogen compared to organic nitrogen by a plant symbiotic fungal isolate of Alternaria alternata.},
journal = {microPublication biology},
volume = {2025},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {39950092},
issn = {2578-9430},
abstract = {Alternaria alternata , a fungus that causes plant diseases, is also a Dark Septate Endophyte (DSE) that can enhance host plant growth by improving access to soil nutrients like nitrogen. To test the environmental factors influencing this relationship, we explored whether A. alternata can utilize both organic and inorganic nitrogen. Our results showed that an A. alternata isolate grew 133% larger in an inorganic nitrogen medium than in an organic nitrogen medium. These findings suggest the need for further research on other DSE taxa and nitrogen forms to better understand fungal nitrogen use.},
}
@article {pmid39949674,
year = {2024},
author = {Mithradas, N and Sudhakar, U and Shanmugapriya, K and Jeddy, N and Ram, S},
title = {The oral-lung microbiome dysbiosis: Unravelling its role in implications for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) pathogenesis.},
journal = {Journal of oral and maxillofacial pathology : JOMFP},
volume = {28},
number = {4},
pages = {619-625},
pmid = {39949674},
issn = {0973-029X},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The impact of the oral flora on the composition of the microbiome in the lungs is substantial in both healthy and diseased conditions, contributing significantly to its intricacy. There is mounting evidence from microbiological research that suggests a major ecological relationship between periodontitis, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), and oral microecosystems. An association has been established between respiratory diseases and disruptions in the symbiotic equilibrium of the oral microbiome. This study aims to explore the intricate connections between oral health and lung microflora, particularly about the pathogenesis of COPD, and to highlight the implications for future research and clinical practice.<br><br>MATERIALS AND METHODS: Subgingival Plaque samples were collected from a total of 120 participants with 30 healthy Control (H group),30 Periodontitis with no COPD (P group), 30 COPD with periodontally healthy (COPD) and 30 individuals with COPD and Periodontitis (COPD+ P). All participants underwent evaluation of periodontal measurements like Pocket Depth (PD), Clinical loss of Attachment (CAL), Gingival Index (GI), and Plaque Index (PI) Bacterial DNA was extracted and quantified using Real-time polymerase chain reaction. Using the One-dimensional Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and post-analysis test for multiple comparisons, the mean values of all the clinical parameters were analyzed among the four participant groups. Using the Pearson Correlation coefficient, the parameters were correlated.<br><br>RESULTS: Statistical relevant relation was shown among Probing Depth (PD), Clinical Loss of Attachment (CAL), Plaque Index (PI) and Gingival Index (GI) in the COPD+P group. Increased prevalence of Pa (Pseudomonas aeroginosa) seen among P group and COPD+P. A substantial inverse relationship was seen between the absolute levels of Pa, CAL, PI, and lung function measures (Fev1, Fev1/FVC).<br><br>CONCLUSION: The importance of maintaining dental health in the prevention and treatment of respiratory disorders is highlighted by the relationships that exist between the oral microecosystem, oral hygiene, and respiratory pathologies. There is substantial potential to decrease the occurrence of respiratory illnesses by practicing good oral care and strategically managing the balance of the oral microbial flora. Therefore, future research efforts should prioritize the characterization of the precise impact of the oral microbiota on pulmonary health and use this knowledge towards developing innovative preventive and treatment measures targeted at combating respiratory infections and related diseases.},
}
@article {pmid39949627,
year = {2025},
author = {Napo, M and Kock, A and Alayande, KA and Sulyok, M and Ezekiel, CN and Uehling, J and Pawlowska, TE and Adeleke, RA},
title = {Tomato rot by Rhizopus microsporus alters native fungal community composition and secondary metabolite production.},
journal = {Frontiers in microbiology},
volume = {16},
number = {},
pages = {1508519},
pmid = {39949627},
issn = {1664-302X},
abstract = {Rhizopus rot is considered one of the most common diseases influencing global production and yield of horticulture commodities. However, the factors contributing to this pattern of prevalence are uncertain. Here, we focused on R. microsporus, which is known to rely on its endosymbiotic bacterium, Mycetohabitans, to produce toxins that interfere with plant development and inhibit the growth of other fungi. We assessed the impact of the symbiotic R. microsporus harboring its endosymbiont as well as the fungus cured of it on: (1) the magnitude of spoilage in tomato fruits, as evaluated by Koch's postulate for pathogenicity, (2) the shifts in native communities of endophytic fungi inhabiting these fruits, as examined by ITS rRNA gene metabarcoding and (3) secondary metabolites generated by these communities, as analyzed using multi-analyte LC-MS/MS. The pathogenicity test showed that the symbiotic endobacterium-containing R. microsporus W2-50 was able to cause tomato fruit spoilage. This was accompanied by decreased relative abundance of Alternaria spp. and an increase in the relative abundance of Penicillium spp. that may have facilitated the observed spoilage. In conclusion, symbiotic W2-50 appeared to facilitate fruit spoilage, possibly through successful colonization or toxin production by its endosymbiont.},
}
@article {pmid39948007,
year = {2025},
author = {Wang, M and Sun, X and Ye, D and Duan, Y and Li, D and Guo, Y and Wang, M and Huang, Y and Chen, F and Feng, H and Dong, X and Cheng, S and Yu, Y and Xu, S and Zhu, Z},
title = {Corrigendum to "Glycine betaine enhances heavy metal phytoremediation via rhizosphere modulation and nitrogen metabolism in king grass-Serratia marcescens strain S27 symbiosis" [J Hazard Mater 487 (2025) 137153].},
journal = {Journal of hazardous materials},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {137555},
doi = {10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.137555},
pmid = {39948007},
issn = {1873-3336},
}
@article {pmid39947842,
year = {2025},
author = {Lodeiro, AR},
title = {Symbiotic nitrogen-fixing rhizobia as a potential source of nitrous oxide emissions.},
journal = {Revista Argentina de microbiologia},
volume = {57},
number = {1},
pages = {1-2},
doi = {10.1016/j.ram.2025.01.003},
pmid = {39947842},
issn = {0325-7541},
}
@article {pmid39947132,
year = {2025},
author = {Wittmers, F and Poirier, C and Bachy, C and Eckmann, C and Matantseva, O and Carlson, CA and Giovannoni, SJ and Goodenough, U and Worden, AZ},
title = {Symbionts of predatory protists are widespread in the oceans and related to animal pathogens.},
journal = {Cell host &amp; microbe},
volume = {33},
number = {2},
pages = {182-199.e7},
doi = {10.1016/j.chom.2025.01.009},
pmid = {39947132},
issn = {1934-6069},
mesh = {*Symbiosis ; Animals ; *Choanoflagellata/physiology ; *Oceans and Seas ; *Phylogeny ; Humans ; Bacteria/genetics/classification ; Gene Transfer, Horizontal ; Genome, Bacterial ; Fishes/microbiology ; Eukaryota/physiology/genetics ; Microbiota ; },
abstract = {Protists are major predators of ocean microbial life, with an ancient history of entanglements with prokaryotes, but their delicate cell structures and recalcitrance to culturing hinder exploration of marine symbioses. We report that tiny oceanic protistan predators, specifically choanoflagellates-the closest living unicellular relatives of animals-and uncultivated MAST-3 form symbioses with four bacterial lineages related to animal symbionts. By targeting living phagotrophs on ship expeditions, we recovered genomes from physically associated uncultivated Legionellales and Rickettsiales. The evolutionary trajectories of Marinicoxiellaceae, Cosmosymbacterales, Simplirickettsiaceae, and previously named Gamibacteraceae vary, including host-engagement mechanisms unknown in marine bacteria, horizontally transferred genes that mediate pathogen-microbiome interactions, and nutritional pathways. These symbionts and hosts occur throughout subtropical and tropical oceans. Related bacteria were detected in public data from freshwater, fish, and human samples. Symbiont associations with animal-related protists, alongside relationships to animal pathogens, suggest an unexpectedly long history of shifting associations and possibilities for host expansion as environments change.},
}
@article {pmid39947128,
year = {2025},
author = {Rahimi-Midani, A and Iatsenko, I},
title = {Colonization island directs L. plantarum to its niche.},
journal = {Cell host &amp; microbe},
volume = {33},
number = {2},
pages = {168-170},
doi = {10.1016/j.chom.2025.01.005},
pmid = {39947128},
issn = {1934-6069},
mesh = {Animals ; *Symbiosis ; *Drosophila melanogaster/microbiology ; *Lactobacillus plantarum/physiology/genetics/metabolism ; Adhesins, Bacterial/metabolism/genetics ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome/physiology ; Genomic Islands ; },
abstract = {Symbiotic gut bacteria have evolved mechanisms to selectively recognize and colonize an appropriate host. In a recent issue of Science, Gutiérrez-García et al. reported a colonization island that encodes sugar-binding adhesins used by Lactiplantibacillus plantarum to colonize its symbiotic niche in the foregut of its host, Drosophila melanogaster.},
}
@article {pmid39946910,
year = {2025},
author = {Shirdel, M and Eshghi, S and Shahsavandi, F and Fallahi, E},
title = {Arbuscular mycorrhiza inoculation mitigates the adverse effects of heat stress on yield and physiological responses in strawberry plants.},
journal = {Plant physiology and biochemistry : PPB},
volume = {221},
number = {},
pages = {109629},
doi = {10.1016/j.plaphy.2025.109629},
pmid = {39946910},
issn = {1873-2690},
abstract = {Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) form a beneficial symbiotic relationship with plant roots, providing them with ample water and nutrients, especially under stressful conditions. It is inevitable to experience heat stress (HS) due to climate changes. The objective of this study was to investigate the possible role of AMF (with AMF = +AMF and without AMF = -AMF) on the strawberry cvs. ('Paros' and 'Queen Eliza')-resilience to HS at temperatures (control (23), 30, 35, 40, and 45 °C). The experiment was completely randomised and designed as a factorial arrangement with four replicates. The findings indicated that as the temperature increased, there was an increase in electrolyte leakage, proline, soluble carbohydrate contents and the activity of antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and peroxidase (POX). The presence of AMF at high temperatures improved the relative water content (RWC), maximum quantum efficiency yield of photosystem II (Fv/Fm), chlorophyll a, b, and total chlorophyll compared to the -AMF. AMF promoted root colonization and the content of phosphorus and potassium, which was more in the cv. 'Paros' than the cv. 'Queen Eliza'. Primary and secondary fruit weights and plant yield were reduced by HS; however, the AMF effectively increased average fruit weight and yield in comparison to plants without AMF. Yield was positively correlated with RWC and Fv/Fm, and root colonization was positively associated with phosphorus concentration. Adding AMF to rhizosphere improved plant growth and nutrient uptake and increased strawberry-resilience to HS. They have achieved this by increasing antioxidative activity, proline, soluble carbohydrates, and RWC. The symbiotic relationship with AMF greatly enhanced the strawberry's ability to tolerate HS.},
}
@article {pmid39946893,
year = {2025},
author = {Poitrimol, C and Thiébaut, &#xc9; and Boulart, C and Cathalot, C and Rouxel, O and Jollivet, D and Hourdez, S and Matabos, M},
title = {Alpha and beta diversities of hydrothermal vent macrofaunal communities along the southwestern Pacific back-arc basins.},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
volume = {967},
number = {},
pages = {178694},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.178694},
pmid = {39946893},
issn = {1879-1026},
abstract = {Ecosystems face various pressures, often leading to loss of biodiversity. Understanding how biodiversity is spatially structured, what are the driving factors, and the ecological and evolutionary processes involved is essential to assess communities' resilience to disturbances and guide efficient conservation measures. Hydrothermal vents from national waters of the West Pacific are targeted by mining industries for their mineral resources that include metals used in high-tech equipment. Although exploitation has not yet started, such activity could significantly affect ecosystem biodiversity and functioning. Here, we describe the distribution of hydrothermal biodiversity in the Southwest Pacific back-arc basins and the Futuna Volcanic Arc at different spatial scales in relation to environmental conditions and geography. We focused on three assemblages dominated by symbiotic megafauna: snails (Alviniconcha spp. and Ifremeria nautilei) and mussels (Bathymodiolus spp.). Faunal assemblages exhibit strong spatial structuring: between habitats along the dilution gradient of the hydrothermal fluid, and between geographic basins, with a faunal split between the Western and the Eastern basins of this region, and to a lesser extent, between fields in a basin. Species replacement along the chemical gradient drives faunal changes between Ifremeria and Bathymodiolus assemblages, while a drop in the number of species is noted when making this comparison with the Alviniconcha assemblage. While these local changes may result from environmental filtering along the diffuse flow gradient, geological settings and current geographic barriers, which drive colonization and speciation at larger scales, are likely shaping the vent community changes between the Eastern and Western basins. This result has significant implications for biodiversity conservation, especially in this mineral-rich setting. The Manus Basin is isolated and displays the highest proportion of endemism while the Woodlark Basin represents an important stepping-stone between the Eastern basins and Manus Basin, making them potentially highly vulnerable to mining with a risk of biodiversity loss.},
}
@article {pmid39946845,
year = {2025},
author = {Cheng, D and Yang, Z and Chen, G and Xu, H and Luwei, L and Chen, W},
title = {Design and implementation of an independent-drive bionic dragonfly robot.},
journal = {Bioinspiration &amp; biomimetics},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1088/1748-3190/adb5e4},
pmid = {39946845},
issn = {1748-3190},
abstract = {Bionic flapping wing robots achieve flight by imitating animal flapping wings, which are safe, flexible, and efficient. Their practicality and human-machine symbiosis in narrow and complex environments are better than those of traditional fixed-wing or multirotor drones, which shows a broader application prospect. By systematic and biomimetic methods, a bionic dragonfly robot with four independent drive flapping wings, called DFly-I, was designed. First of all, the mechanical structure of the robot was introduced, especially the fluttering structure and the wing structure. Then, a new motion controller based on multi-channel field-oriented control (FOC) is proposed for its motion mechanism, which relies on four sets of brushless DC motors (BLDCs) based on FOC control and four sets of servos to achieve independent control of the flapping speed, rhythm, and angle of four flapping wings. In addition, the system model is analyzed, and on this basis, the robot motion and posture control are realized by an proportional-integral-derivative and active disturbance rejection (PID-ADRC) based controller. Lastly, a physical prototype was made, and the system was feasible through flight experiments in indoor venues.},
}
@article {pmid39945306,
year = {2025},
author = {Tian, C and Tang, J and Zhu, Q and Guo, X and Shu, Q and Gu, Z and Li, F and Li, B},
title = {A novel detoxification strategy of Bombyx mori (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae) to dimethoate based on gut microbiota research.},
journal = {Journal of economic entomology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/jee/toaf028},
pmid = {39945306},
issn = {1938-291X},
support = {32172795//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 2022GXCSSC26//Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Sericulture and Silk/ ; SNG2023016//Science and Technology Support Program of Suzhou/ ; //Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions/ ; },
abstract = {Bombyx mori (L.) (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae) is an important economic insect, and Exorista sorbillans (W.) (Diptera: Tachinidae) is an endoparasitic pest of larval B. mori. Dimethoate is less toxic to B. mori than E. sorbillans and is used in sericulture to controlling E. sorbillans. To investigate the effects of dimethoate treatment on the gut microorganisms and physiological functions of B. mori, 16S rRNA sequencing was used to analyzed the composition and structure of the gut microbiota. This study investigated their role in enhancing silkworm resistance by screening dominant populations after dimethoate treatment. The results indicated that dimethoate did not alter the composition of the dominant gut bacterial groups in silkworm; however, it significantly increased the abundance of the gut bacteria Methylobacterium and Aureimonas, and decreased the abundance of Enterobacterales, Bifidobacterium, Blautia, Collinsella, Faecalibacterium, and Prevotella. Eleven strains of dimethoate-resistant bacteria were selected through in vitro culture, all of which were unable to grow when dimethoate was used as a carbon source. Additionally, a germ-free silkworm model was established to assess detoxifying enzyme activity in the midgut. The results revealed that the gut symbiotic microbiota can enhance dimethoate resistance by increasing detoxification enzyme activity. This study identifies a novel pathway for silkworm resistance to dimethoate based on gut microbiota, providing new insights into the role of symbiotic gut bacteria in insecticide metabolism.},
}
@article {pmid39943019,
year = {2025},
author = {Liu, S and Zhang, Y and Yu, X and Cui, M and Jiang, L and Zhang, T and Gao, Y},
title = {Labile Carbon Input Mitigates the Negative Legacy Effects of Nitrogen Addition on Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbiosis in a Temperate Grassland.},
journal = {Plants (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {14},
number = {3},
pages = {},
pmid = {39943019},
issn = {2223-7747},
support = {2023E01008//Regional Collaborative Innovation Project of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region/ ; 32271579//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 32160312//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; },
abstract = {Nitrogen (N) deposition and carbon (C) addition significantly influence the dynamics of plant-microbe interactions, particularly altering the symbiotic relationship between plants and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). However, the effects and underlying mechanisms of labile C input on the relationship between AMF and various plant species in a nitrogen-enriched environment remain a knowledge gap. A seven-year field experiment was conducted to examine how six levels of N and three levels of labile C addition impact AMF colonization in four key plant species: Leymus chinensis (Trin. ex Bunge) Tzvelev, Stipa baicalensis Roshev., Thermopsis lanceolata R. Br. and Potentilla bifurca Linn. Our results showed that N and C additions exert significantly different effects on the relationship between AMF and various plant species. Labile C addition mitigated historical N negative effects, particularly for S. baicalensis, enhancing AMF infection and promoting nutrient exchange under high-N and low-C conditions. The relationship between AMF and both L. chinensis and T. lanceolata changed to weak mutualism under low-N and high-C conditions, with significant decreases in vesicular and arbuscular abundance. Plant root stoichiometry plays a critical role in modulating AMF symbiosis, particularly under high-N and -C conditions, as reflected in the increased AMF infection observed in T. lanceolata and P. bifurca. Our findings emphasize the species-specific and nutrient-dependent AMF symbiosis, revealing that targeted C input can mitigate the legacy effects of N enrichment. Effective nutrient management is of crucial importance for ecological restoration efforts in temperate grasslands affected by long-term N enrichment.},
}
@article {pmid39942989,
year = {2025},
author = {Sulima, AS and Zhuravlev, IY and Alexeeva, EA and Kliukova, MS and Zorin, EA and Rakova, VA and Gordon, ML and Kulaeva, OA and Romanyuk, DA and Akhtemova, GA and Zhernakov, AI and Semenova, EV and Vishnyakova, MA and Tikhonovich, IA and Zhukov, VA},
title = {The Genomic and Phenotypic Characterization of the Sym2[A] Introgression Line A33.18 of Pea (Pisum sativum L.) with the Increased Specificity of Root Nodule Symbiosis.},
journal = {Plants (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {14},
number = {3},
pages = {},
pmid = {39942989},
issn = {2223-7747},
support = {agreement &#x2116; 075-15-2022-320, dated 20 April 2022//Ministry of Science and Higher Education of Russian Federation/ ; },
abstract = {In pea (Pisum sativum L.), alleles of the Sym2 gene determine the specificity of the interaction with nodule bacteria (rhizobia). The Sym2[A] allele present in landraces from Afghanistan provides higher selectiveness toward rhizobia than the Sym2[E] allele present in European cultivars. Rhizobial strains possessing the nodX gene can interact with both Sym2[A] and Sym2[E] peas, while strains lacking nodX can interact only with Sym2[E] peas. Here, we studied the previously obtained introgression line A33.18 bearing Sym2[A] in a homozygous state in the genome of the European pea cultivar 'Rondo'. A33.18 has proved its high selectiveness in pot experiments. Genome sequencing has shown that A33.18 possesses an 18.2 Mb region inherited from Afghanistan pea with 63 genes, including 5 receptor kinase genes, among which was the Sym2 candidate gene LykX. In a field experiment, under inoculation with the nodX[+] strain TOM, over 95% of nodules of A33.18 contained TOM, as opposed to less than 8% of nodules containing TOM in the parental European cultivar 'Rondo'. Thus, introgression of Sym2[A] enabled peas to interact specifically with the nodX[+] strain, favoring the formation of nodules by the strain from the inoculum and protecting peas from the indigenous soil microbiota.},
}
@article {pmid39942979,
year = {2025},
author = {Chertov, O and Frolov, P and Shanin, V and Priputina, I and Bykhovets, S and Geraskina, A},
title = {A Model of the Ectomycorrhizal Contribution to Forest Soil C and N Dynamics and Tree N Supply Within the EFIMOD3 Model System.},
journal = {Plants (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {14},
number = {3},
pages = {},
pmid = {39942979},
issn = {2223-7747},
support = {123030300031-6//Russian Academy of Sciences/ ; },
abstract = {Mycorrhizal symbiosis has been the focus of research for more than a century due to the positive effect of fungi on the growth of the majority of woody plants. The extramatrical mycelium (EMM) of ectomycorrhiza (EMR) accounts for up to one-third of the total soil microbial biomass, whereas litter from this short-living pool accounts for 60% of the total litterfall mass in forest ecosystems. The functioning of EMR improves the nitrogen (N) nutrition of trees and thus contributes to the carbon (C) balance of forest soils. The model presented here is an attempt to describe these EMR functions quantitatively. It calculates the growth of EMM and the subsequent "mining" of additional nitrogen from recalcitrant soil organic matter (SOM) for EMR growth, with the associated formation of "dissolved soil carbon". The decomposition of EMM litter is carried out by all organisms in the soil food webs, forming available NH4+ in the first phase and then solid-phase by-products (excretes) as a new labile SOM pool. These substances are the feedback that determines the positive role of EMR symbiosis for forest vegetation. A sensitivity analysis revealed a leading role of the C:N ratio of biotic components in the dynamics of EMM. The model validation showed a satisfactory agreement between simulated and observed data in relation to EMM respiration in larch forest plantations of different ages. Model testing within the EFIMOD3 model system allowed a quantitative assessment of the contribution of different components to forest soil and ecosystem respiration. The validation and testing of this model demonstrated the adequacy of the theoretical background used in this model, with a fast EMM decomposition cycle by all soil biota of the food webs and without direct resource exchange between plants and fungi.},
}
@article {pmid39942939,
year = {2025},
author = {Mamaeva, A and Makeeva, A and Ganaeva, D},
title = {The Small Key to the Treasure Chest: Endogenous Plant Peptides Involved in Symbiotic Interactions.},
journal = {Plants (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {14},
number = {3},
pages = {},
pmid = {39942939},
issn = {2223-7747},
support = {23-66-10013//Russian Science Foundation/ ; },
abstract = {Plant growth and development are inextricably connected with rhizosphere organisms. Plants have to balance between strong defenses against pathogens while modulating their immune responses to recruit beneficial organisms such as bacteria and fungi. In recent years, there has been increasing evidence that regulatory peptides are essential in establishing these symbiotic relationships, orchestrating processes that include nutrient acquisition, root architecture modification, and immune modulation. In this review, we provide a comprehensive summary of the peptide families that facilitate beneficial relationships between plants and rhizosphere organisms.},
}
@article {pmid39942538,
year = {2025},
author = {Michailidu, J and Maťátková, O and Čejková, A and Masák, J},
title = {Chemical Conversations.},
journal = {Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {30},
number = {3},
pages = {},
pmid = {39942538},
issn = {1420-3049},
mesh = {Animals ; *Plants/chemistry/metabolism ; Humans ; Signal Transduction ; Symbiosis ; },
abstract = {Among living organisms, higher animals primarily use a combination of vocal and non-verbal cues for communication. In other species, however, chemical signaling holds a central role. The chemical and biological activity of the molecules produced by the organisms themselves and the existence of receptors/targeting sites that allow recognition of such molecules leads to various forms of responses by the producer and recipient organisms and is a fundamental principle of such communication. Chemical language can be used to coordinate processes within one species or between species. Chemical signals are thus information for other organisms, potentially inducing modification of their behavior. Additionally, this conversation is influenced by the external environment in which organisms are found. This review presents examples of chemical communication among microorganisms, between microorganisms and plants, and between microorganisms and animals. The mechanisms and physiological importance of this communication are described. Chemical interactions can be both cooperative and antagonistic. Microbial chemical signals usually ensure the formation of the most advantageous population phenotype or the disadvantage of a competitive species in the environment. Between microorganisms and plants, we find symbiotic (e.g., in the root system) and parasitic relationships. Similarly, mutually beneficial relationships are established between microorganisms and animals (e.g., gastrointestinal tract), but microorganisms also invade and disrupt the immune and nervous systems of animals.},
}
@article {pmid39941954,
year = {2025},
author = {Yi, W and Zhou, J and Xiao, Q and Zhong, W and Xu, X},
title = {Arginine-Enhanced Termitomyces Mycelia: Improvement in Growth and Lignocellulose Degradation Capabilities.},
journal = {Foods (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {14},
number = {3},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/foods14030361},
pmid = {39941954},
issn = {2304-8158},
support = {grant no 2018A030313011; grant no 2018B020206001//the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province;Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province/ ; 2024E04J1234//Science and Technology Projects in Guangzhou/ ; },
abstract = {Termitomyces mushrooms, known for their symbiotic relationship with termites and their high nutritional and medicinal value, are challenging to cultivate artificially due to their specific growth requirements. This study investigates the impact of arginine on the mycelial growth, development, and lignocellulolytic capabilities of Termitomyces. We found that arginine significantly promoted conidia formation, altered mycelial morphology, and enhanced biomass and polysaccharide content. The addition of arginine also upregulated the expression of the enzymes related to lignocellulose decomposition, leading to increased activities of cellulase, hemicellulase, and laccase, which accelerated the decomposition and utilization of corn straw. A transcriptome analysis revealed differential expression patterns of carbohydrate-active enzyme genes in arginine-supplemented Termitomyces mycelia, providing insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying these enhancements. The GO enrichment analysis and KEGG pathway analysis highlighted the role of arginine in transmembrane transport, fatty acid oxidation, and carbohydrate metabolism. This study offers a molecular basis for the observed phenotypic changes and valuable insights for developing optimal culture strategies for Termitomyces, potentially enhancing its artificial cultivation and application in the bioconversion of lignocellulosic waste.},
}
@article {pmid39940887,
year = {2025},
author = {Ventura, G and Bianco, M and Losito, I and Cataldi, TRI and Calvano, CD},
title = {Complete Polar Lipid Profile of Kefir Beverage by Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography with HRMS and Tandem Mass Spectrometry.},
journal = {International journal of molecular sciences},
volume = {26},
number = {3},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/ijms26031120},
pmid = {39940887},
issn = {1422-0067},
support = {LSH-Puglia, T4-AN-01 H93C22000560003//Regione Puglia/ ; 2023-UNBACLE-0241870-Lipid7//University of Bari Aldo Moro/ ; },
mesh = {*Kefir/microbiology/analysis ; *Tandem Mass Spectrometry/methods ; Chromatography, Liquid/methods ; *Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions ; Lipids/chemistry/analysis ; Phospholipids/analysis/chemistry ; },
abstract = {Kefir, a fermented milk product produced using kefir grains, is a symbiotic consortium of bacteria and yeasts responsible for driving the fermentation process. In this study, an in-depth analysis of kefir's lipid profile was conducted, with a focus on its phospholipid (PL) content, employing liquid chromatography with high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS). Nearly 300 distinct polar lipids were identified through hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) coupled with electrospray ionization (ESI) and Fourier-transform orbital-trap MS and linear ion-trap tandem MS/MS. The identified lipids included phosphatidylcholines (PCs), lyso-phosphatidylcholines (LPCs), phosphatidylethanolamines (PEs) and lyso-phosphatidylethanolamines (LPEs), phosphatidylserines (PSs), phosphatidylglycerols (PGs), and phosphatidylinositols (PIs). The presence of lysyl-phosphatidylglycerols (LyPGs) was identified as a key finding, marking a lipid class characteristic of Gram-positive bacterial membranes. This discovery highlights the role of viable bacteria in kefir and underscores its probiotic potential. The structural details of minor glycolipids (GLs) and glycosphingolipids (GSLs) were further elucidated, enriching the understanding of kefir's lipid complexity. Fatty acyl (FA) composition was characterized using reversed-phase LC coupled with tandem MS. A mild epoxidation reaction with meta-chloroperoxybenzoic acid (m-CPBA) was performed to pinpoint double-bond positions in FAs. The dominant fatty acids were identified as C18:3, C18:2, C18:1, C18:0 (stearic acid), C16:0 (palmitic acid), and significant levels of C14:0 (myristic acid). Additionally, two isomers of FA 18:1 were distinguished: ∆9-cis (oleic acid) and ∆11-trans (vaccenic acid). These isomers were identified using diagnostic ion pairs, retention times, and accurate m/z values. This study provides an unprecedented level of detail on the lipid profile of kefir, shedding light on its complex composition and potential nutritional benefits.},
}
@article {pmid39940650,
year = {2025},
author = {Zhang, H and He, L and Li, H and Tao, N and Chang, T and Wang, D and Lu, Y and Li, Z and Mai, C and Zhao, X and Niu, B and Ma, J and Wang, L},
title = {Role of GmFRI-1 in Regulating Soybean Nodule Formation Under Cold Stress.},
journal = {International journal of molecular sciences},
volume = {26},
number = {3},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/ijms26030879},
pmid = {39940650},
issn = {1422-0067},
support = {2023ZD040350103//Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China/ ; 32241046, 32241045//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; },
mesh = {*Glycine max/genetics/microbiology/metabolism ; *Root Nodules, Plant/metabolism/microbiology/genetics ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; *Cold-Shock Response ; *Plant Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Plant Root Nodulation/genetics ; Rhizobium/physiology ; Nitrogen Fixation/genetics ; Symbiosis/genetics ; Gene Expression Profiling ; },
abstract = {Symbiotic nitrogen fixation, recognized as the most efficient nitrogen assimilation system in ecosystems, is essential for soybean growth, as nodulation provides critical nitrogen to host cells. Soybeans thrive in warm and moist environments. However, they are highly susceptible to low temperatures, which impede the formation and development of root nodules. The genetic basis and molecular mechanism underlying the inhibition of nodulation induced by low temperatures remain unclear. In this study, we conducted a comparative transcriptomic analysis of soybean roots inoculated with rhizobium at 1 DPI (Day Post Inoculation) under normal or cold treatments. We identified 39 up-regulated and 35 down-regulated genes associated with nodulation and nitrogen fixation. Notably, cold-responsive genes including three FRI (Frigida) family genes were identified among differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Further expression pattern analysis of GmFRI-1 demonstrated it being significantly responsive to rhizobium inoculation and its highest expression in nodules. Further investigation revealed that overexpression of GmFRI-1 led to an increase in the nodule number, while RNA interference (RNAi)-mediated gene editing of GmFRI-1 suppressed nodule formation. Additionally, GmFRI-1 overexpression may regulate soybean nodulation by modulating the expression of GmNIN (NODULE INCEPTION), GmNSP1 (nodulation signaling pathway 1), and GmHAP2-2 (histone- or haem-associated protein domain) in the nod factor signaling pathway. This study offers new insights into the genetic basis of nodulation regulation under cold stress in legumes and indicates that GmFRI-1 may serve as a key regulator of nodule formation under cold stress.},
}
@article {pmid39939598,
year = {2025},
author = {Layton, E and Goldsworthy, S and Yang, E and Ong, WY and Sutherland, TE and Bancroft, AJ and Thompson, S and Au, VB and Griffiths-Jones, S and Grencis, RK and Fairhurst, AM and Roberts, IS},
title = {An optimised faecal microRNA sequencing pipeline reveals fibrosis in Trichuris muris infection.},
journal = {Nature communications},
volume = {16},
number = {1},
pages = {1589},
pmid = {39939598},
issn = {2041-1723},
mesh = {Animals ; *MicroRNAs/genetics/metabolism ; *Trichuris ; *Trichuriasis/parasitology/immunology ; *Feces/parasitology/microbiology ; *Fibrosis ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Female ; Intestines/parasitology/pathology ; Sequence Analysis, RNA/methods ; },
abstract = {The intestine is a site of diverse functions including digestion, nutrient absorption, immune surveillance, and microbial symbiosis. Intestinal microRNAs (miRNAs) are detectable in faeces and regulate barrier integrity, host-microbe interactions and the immune response, potentially offering valuable non-invasive tools to study intestinal health. However, current experimental methods are suboptimal and heterogeneity in study design limits the utility of faecal miRNA data. Here, we develop an optimised protocol for faecal miRNA detection and report a reproducible murine faecal miRNA profile in healthy mice. We use this pipeline to study faecal miRNAs during infection with the gastrointestinal helminth, Trichuris muris, revealing roles for miRNAs in fibrosis and wound healing. Intestinal fibrosis was confirmed in vivo using Hyperion® imaging mass cytometry, demonstrating the efficacy of this approach. Further applications of this optimised pipeline to study host-microbe interactions and intestinal disease will enable the generation of hypotheses and therapeutic strategies in diverse contexts.},
}
@article {pmid39938947,
year = {2025},
author = {Rogowska-van der Molen, MA and Manzano-Marín, A and Postma, JL and Coolen, S and van Alen, T and Jansen, RS and Welte, CU},
title = {From Eggs to Guts: Symbiotic Association of Sodalis nezarae sp. nov. with the Southern Green Shield Bug Nezara viridula.},
journal = {FEMS microbiology ecology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/femsec/fiaf017},
pmid = {39938947},
issn = {1574-6941},
abstract = {Phytophagous insects engage in symbiotic relationships with bacteria that contribute to digestion, nutrient supplementation, and development of the host. The analysis of shield bug microbiomes has been mainly focused on the gut intestinal tract predominantly colonized by Pantoea symbionts, and other microbial community members in the gut or other organs have hardly been investigated. In this study, we reveal that the Southern green shield bug Nezara viridula harbours a Sodalis symbiont in several organs, with a notable prevalence in salivary glands, and anterior regions of the midgut. Removing external egg microbiota via sterilization profoundly impacted insect viability but did not disrupt the vertical transmission of Sodalis and Pantoea symbionts. Based on the dominance of Sodalis in testes, we deduce that N. viridula males could be involved in symbiont vertical transmission. Genomic analyses comparing Sodalis species revealed that Sodalis sp. Nvir shares characteristics with both free-living and obligate insect-associated Sodalis spp. Sodalis sp. Nvir also displays genome instability typical of endosymbiont lineages, which suggests ongoing speciation to an obligate endosymbiont. Together, our study reveals that shield bugs harbour unrecognized symbionts that might be paternally transmitted.},
}
@article {pmid39938596,
year = {2025},
author = {Zhou, J and Li, S and Luo, X and Sun, L and Chen, J and Cheng, B and Li, X},
title = {SYMRK significantly affected AMF symbiosis and plant growth in maize.},
journal = {Plant science : an international journal of experimental plant biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {112427},
doi = {10.1016/j.plantsci.2025.112427},
pmid = {39938596},
issn = {1873-2259},
abstract = {Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are important symbiotic microorganisms in the soil that form reciprocal relationships with most plants to enhance their ability to absorb nutrients from the soil. The establishment of symbiosis between plants and AMF involves complex molecular mechanisms, and the SYMRK (Symbiosis receptor-like kinase) plays a pivotal role in the establishment of symbiosis. Maize (Zea mays) is a globally significant crop and one of the hosts for AMF, but research on AMF symbiosis-related genes in maize is limited. In this study, we identified a symbiosis receptor kinase in maize, named ZmSYMRK, which corresponds to the ortholog gene OsSYMRK in rice. ZmSYMRK encodes a cell membrane-localized protein kinase that is crucial for AMF colonization. We demonstrated that ZmSYMRK deletion resulted in severe defects in maize symbiosis with AMF. The colonization rates of zmsymrk mutants were significantly reduced at three different time points, and the colonization defects did not recover with prolonged colonization time. Furthermore, the deletion of the ZmSYMRK gene severely affected plant growth under low phosphorus conditions, and the growth defects of the mutants were even more pronounced after symbiosis. We conclude that ZmSYMRK plays a crucial role in both plant growth and the establishment of symbiotic relationships with AMF.},
}
@article {pmid39938376,
year = {2025},
author = {Zhang, Y and Li, S and Jiao, Y and Ji, X and Li, Y and Chen, Q and Zhang, X and Zhang, G},
title = {Efficient removal of enrofloxacin in swine wastewater using eukaryotic-bacterial symbiotic membraneless bioelectrochemical system.},
journal = {Journal of hazardous materials},
volume = {489},
number = {},
pages = {137513},
doi = {10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.137513},
pmid = {39938376},
issn = {1873-3336},
abstract = {A eukaryotic-bacterial symbiotic membraneless bioelectrochemical system (EBES) reactor with eukaryotic-bacteria symbiotic cathode was developed to treat swine wastewater containing enrofloxacin (ENR), which had high performance at ENR tolerance and operational stability. With ENR concentrations shifting from 2 to 50 mg/L, the removal efficiencies of ENR, chemical oxygen demand (COD) and NH4[+]-N always were higher than 95 %, and the maximum power output (≥343 mW/m[3]) could be achieved. At 20 mg/L ENR, the removal efficiencies of ENR, COD and NH4[+]-N respectively reached to 99.4 ± 0.1 %, 98.5 % ± 0.1 %, and 96.3 % ± 0.5 %, corresponding to the open circuit voltage and maximum power density (Pmax) of EBES were 851 mV and 455 mW/m[3]. The community analyses showed that bacteria (Comamonas, Rhodobacter, Rhodococcus, and Vermiphilaceae et al.), algae (Chlorella) and fungi (Rozellomycota, Trebouxiophyceae, Exophiala, and Aspergillus et al.) at genus level were the dominate populations in the EBES, and their abundance increased with ENR concentration, suggesting they played key roles to remove ENR and another nutrient element. The low relative abundances (1.9 ×10[-7] to 1.1 ×10[-5] copies/g) of aac (6')-ib-cr, qnrA, qnrD, qnrS, and gyrA in effluent revealed that the present EBES reactor had superior capabilities in controlling antibiotic-resistance genes and antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Our trial experiments provided a novel way for antibiotic livestock wastewater treatment.},
}
@article {pmid39938136,
year = {2025},
author = {Segura, J and Gómez, M},
title = {Replication-transcription symbiosis in the mammalian nucleus: The art of living together.},
journal = {Current opinion in cell biology},
volume = {93},
number = {},
pages = {102479},
doi = {10.1016/j.ceb.2025.102479},
pmid = {39938136},
issn = {1879-0410},
abstract = {Similarly to life in our planet, where thousands of species inhabit the same ecosystem, the cell nucleus hosts different essential processes that share the same territory, making the interaction between them unavoidable. DNA replication and transcription are essential processes that copy and decode the information contained in our genomes, sharing -and competing for- the same chromatin template. Both activities are executed by large macromolecular machines with similar requirements to access the DNA, remodel the nucleosomes ahead of them and reassemble the chromatin make-up behind. Mechanistically, both processes cannot simultaneously act on the same DNA sequence, but emerging evidence shows that they frequently interact. Here we revise recent data on how transcription and replication occur in chromatin highlighting the symbiotic relationship between both processes, which might help explain how their activities contribute to shape the structure and function of the mammalian genome.},
}
@article {pmid39937913,
year = {2025},
author = {Chen, CC and Xie, QY and Chuang, PS and Darnajoux, R and Chien, YY and Wang, WH and Tian, X and Tu, CH and Chen, BC and Tang, SL and Chen, KH},
title = {A thallus-forming N-fixing fungus-cyanobacterium symbiosis from subtropical forests.},
journal = {Science advances},
volume = {11},
number = {7},
pages = {eadt4093},
pmid = {39937913},
issn = {2375-2548},
mesh = {*Symbiosis ; *Cyanobacteria/genetics/physiology ; *Phylogeny ; *Forests ; *Lichens/microbiology/physiology ; Nitrogen Fixation ; Fungi/physiology ; },
abstract = {Fungi engage in diverse symbiotic relationships with phototrophs. Lichens, symbiotic complexes involving fungi and either cyanobacteria, green algae, or both, have fungi forming the external layer and much of the interior. We found an erect thallus resembling a lichen yet with an unexpected thallus structure composed of interwoven cyanobacterial filaments with numerous fungal hyphae inserted within individual cyanobacterial sheaths, contrasting with typical lichen structure. Phylogenetics identified the fungus as a previously undescribed species, Serendipita cyanobacteriicola, closely related to endophytes, and the cyanobacterium belongs to the family Coleofasciculaceae, representing a genus and species not yet classified, Symbiothallus taiwanensis. These thalli exhibit nitrogen-fixing activity similar to mosses but lower than cyanolichens. Both symbiotic partners are distinct from known lichen-forming symbionts, uncovering a phylogenetically and morphologically unprecedented thallus-forming fungus-cyanobacterium symbiosis. We propose the name "phyllosymbia" for these thalli to underscore their unique symbiotic nature and leaf-like appearance. This finding marks a previously unknown instance of fungi solely residing within structures generated by cyanobacteria.},
}
@article {pmid39937867,
year = {2025},
author = {Zhang, E and Wang, Y and Crowther, TW and Sun, W and Chen, S and Zhou, D and Shangguan, Z and Huang, J and He, JS and Wang, Y and Sheng, J and Tang, L and Li, X and Dong, M and Wu, Y and Hu, S and Bai, Y and Yu, G},
title = {Mycorrhiza increases plant diversity and soil carbon storage in grasslands.},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
volume = {122},
number = {7},
pages = {e2412556122},
doi = {10.1073/pnas.2412556122},
pmid = {39937867},
issn = {1091-6490},
support = {332192464//MOST | National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)/ ; 2023YFF1304105//MOST | National Key Research and Development Program of China (NKPs)/ ; },
mesh = {*Mycorrhizae/physiology ; *Grassland ; *Soil/chemistry ; *Carbon/metabolism/analysis ; *Biodiversity ; China ; Symbiosis ; Soil Microbiology ; Plants/microbiology ; Biomass ; },
abstract = {Experimental studies have shown that symbiotic relationships between arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and host plants can regulate soil organic carbon (SOC) storage. Although the impacts of mycorrhiza are highly context-dependent, it remains unclear how these effects vary across broad spatial scales. Based on data from 2296 field sites across grassland ecosystems of China, here we show that mycorrhizal fungi symbiosis enhances SOC storage in the topsoil and subsoil through increasing plant diversity and elevating biomass allocation to belowground. SOC storage is significantly higher in both the topsoil and subsoil in systems dominated by obligate mycorrhizal (OM) and facultative mycorrhizal (FM) plants than those dominated by nonmycorrhizal (NM) plants. Also, the relative abundance of OM plants increases at the expense of FM plants as temperature and precipitation increase. These findings provide valuable insights into the potential mechanisms by which mycorrhizal fungi may influence grassland plant diversity and SOC storage in the context of global change.},
}
@article {pmid39937681,
year = {2025},
author = {Andrews, M and Zhang, J},
title = {Definition of the rhizobial symbiovars caraganae, robiniae and sophorae within Mesorhizobium and albiziae within Neomesorhizobium.},
journal = {International journal of systematic and evolutionary microbiology},
volume = {75},
number = {2},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1099/ijsem.0.006678},
pmid = {39937681},
issn = {1466-5034},
}
@article {pmid39937680,
year = {2025},
author = {Boudreau, V and Larson, BT and Gerbich, TM and Fadero, T and Yan, V and Lucas-DeMott, A and Yung, J and Moulin, SLY and Descovich, CP and Slabodnick, MM and Burlacot, A and Wang, JR and Niyogi, KK and Marshall, WF},
title = {The cell biology and genome of Stentor pyriformis, a giant cell that embeds symbiotic algae in a microtubule meshwork.},
journal = {Molecular biology of the cell},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {mbcE24120571},
doi = {10.1091/mbc.E24-12-0571},
pmid = {39937680},
issn = {1939-4586},
abstract = {Endosymbiotic events in which an endosymbiont is retained within a cell that remains capable of phagocytosis, a situation known as mixotrophy, provide potentially important clues about the eukaryotic evolution. Here we describe the cell biology and genome of the giant mixotrophic ciliate Stentor pyriformis. We show that S. pyriformis contains Chlorella variabilis as an endosymbiont that retains the ability to live outside the host. Within the host, the Chlorella cells surrounded by microtubule "baskets" near the cell surface. Photosynthetic efficiency of the Chlorella is reduced inside the Stentor cell compared to outside the host, due to increased non-photochemical quenching. S. pyriformis displays positive phototaxis via directed swimming that requires the presence of the Chlorella, implying a potential flow of information from the symbiont to direct the orientation and swimming of the host cell. We sequenced the S. pyriformis genome and found that it employs a standard genetic code, similar to other Stentor species but different from most other ciliates. We propose that S. pyriformis will serve as a useful model system for studying endosymbiosis, with unique advantages in terms of size and regenerative ability as well as distinct cellular and genomic features compared with other mixotrophic ciliate models. [Media: see text] [Media: see text] [Media: see text] [Media: see text].},
}
@article {pmid39936470,
year = {2025},
author = {Oboli, VN},
title = {Mentorship: A gifted symbiosis.},
journal = {Academic emergency medicine : official journal of the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine},
volume = {32},
number = {2},
pages = {190-191},
doi = {10.1111/acem.15085},
pmid = {39936470},
issn = {1553-2712},
}
@article {pmid39934578,
year = {2025},
author = {Ma, W and Song, M and Ji, Z and Liu, Y and Na, P and Li, Y and Nie, Z},
title = {Rapid metabolic profiling and authentication of Cordyceps using ambient ionization mass spectrometry and machine learning.},
journal = {Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {39934578},
issn = {1618-2650},
support = {2023AAC03013//Natural Science Foundation of Ningxia Province/ ; 2020BDE03016//Key Research and Development Plan Project of Ningxia Province/ ; 22334007//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; },
abstract = {Cordyceps sinensis, a symbiotic organism formed between a fungus and an insect, is celebrated for its substantial medicinal benefits and economic significance in traditional Chinese medicine. However, the market for Cordyceps sinensis is rife with counterfeits, where numerous types of Cordyceps frequently pose as the genuine species, leading to financial losses for consumers. Here, we developed an ambient ionization mass spectrometry for the metabolic analysis of four kinds of Cordyceps. We tentatively identified a total of 81 metabolites, revealing significant differences between wild-type Cordyceps sinensis and its counterfeit counterparts. The heterogeneous distribution of metabolites was also examined. Notably, ergothioneine, an antioxidant, and its precursor hercynine were found to be more abundant in the stroma compared to other sections. Then, a neural network was employed to distinguish between different Cordyceps, achieving an average classification accuracy of 90.3% in blind tests. We demonstrate the potential for on-site detection of Cordyceps using a handheld nano-electrospray ionization source in conjunction with a miniature mass spectrometer, yielding mass spectral profiles comparable to those obtained with a benchtop system.},
}
@article {pmid39934476,
year = {2025},
author = {Muema, EK and van Lill, M and Venter, SN and Chan, WY and Claassens, R and Steenkamp, ET},
title = {Mesorhizobium salmacidum sp. nov. and Mesorhizobium argentiipisi sp. nov. are symbionts of the dry-land forage legumes Lessertia diffusa and Calobota sericea.},
journal = {Antonie van Leeuwenhoek},
volume = {118},
number = {3},
pages = {54},
pmid = {39934476},
issn = {1572-9699},
mesh = {*Phylogeny ; *Mesorhizobium/genetics/classification/isolation &amp; purification/physiology ; *Fabaceae/microbiology ; *RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics ; *Symbiosis ; South Africa ; Root Nodules, Plant/microbiology ; DNA, Bacterial/genetics ; Nitrogen Fixation ; Soil Microbiology ; Bacterial Proteins/genetics ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; },
abstract = {Legumes Lessertia diffusa and Calobota sericea, indigenous to South Africa, are commonly used as fodder crops with potential for sustainable livestock pasture production. Rhizobia were isolated from their root nodules grown in their respective soils from the Succulent Karoo biome (SKB) in South Africa, identified and characterized using a polyphasic approach. Sequence analysis of the 16S rRNA gene confirmed all isolates as Mesorhizobium members, which were categorized into two distinct lineages using five housekeeping protein-coding genes. Lineage I included 14 strains from both legumes, while Lineage II comprised a single isolate from C. sericea. Differences in phenotypic traits were observed between the lineages and corroborated by average nucleotide identity analyses. While all strains nodulated their original hosts, strains from C. sericea failed to effectively nodulate L. diffusa and vice versa. Phylogenetic analyses of nitrogen fixation (nifH) and nodulation (nodA, nodC) loci grouped all strains in a single clade, suggesting that unique symbiotic loci determine nodulation of these legumes. We designated Lineage I and II as Mesorhizobium salmacidum sp. nov. (Ld1326[Ts]; GCA_037179605.1[Ts]) and Mesorhizobium argentiipisi sp. nov. (Cs1330R2N1[Ts]; GCA_037179585.1[Ts]), using genome sequences as nomenclatural types according to the Nomenclatural Code for Prokaryotes using Sequence Data, thus avoiding complications with South Africa's biodiversity regulations. Identifying effective microsymbionts of L. diffusa and C. sericea is essential for conservation of Succulent Karoo Biome, where indigenous invasive species like Vachellia karroo and non-native Australian acacia species are present. Furthermore, targeted management practices using effective symbionts of the studied legumes can sustain the biome's socio-economic contribution through fodder provision.},
}
@article {pmid39933580,
year = {2025},
author = {Kaur, R and Bordenstein, SR},
title = {Cytoplasmic incompatibility factor proteins from Wolbachia prophage are costly to sperm development in Drosophila melanogaster.},
journal = {Proceedings. Biological sciences},
volume = {292},
number = {2040},
pages = {20243016},
pmid = {39933580},
issn = {1471-2954},
support = {/NH/NIH HHS/United States ; //Penn State/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Wolbachia/physiology ; *Drosophila melanogaster/physiology/microbiology ; Male ; *Spermatozoa/physiology ; *Prophages/physiology/genetics ; Symbiosis ; Female ; Cytoplasm/metabolism ; },
abstract = {The symbiosis between arthropods and Wolbachia bacteria is globally widespread, largely due to selfish-drive systems that favour the fitness of symbiont-transmitting females. The most common drive, cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI), is central to arboviral control efforts. In Drosophila melanogaster carrying wMel Wolbachia deployed in mosquito control, two prophage genes in Wolbachia, cifA and cifB, cause CI that results in a paternal-effect lethality of embryos in crosses between Wolbachia-bearing males and aposymbiotic females. While the CI mechanism by which Cif proteins alter sperm development has recently been elucidated in D. melanogaster and Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, the Cifs' extended impact on male reproductive fitness such as sperm morphology and quantity remains unclear. Here, using cytochemical, microscopic and transgenic assays in D. melanogaster, we demonstrate that both CifA and CifB cause a significant portion of defects in elongating spermatids, culminating in malformed mature sperm nuclei. Males expressing Cifs have reduced spermatid bundles and sperm counts, and transgenic expression of Cifs can occasionally result in no mature sperm formation. We reflect on Cifs' varied functional impacts on the Host Modification model of CI as well as host evolution, behaviour and vector control strategies.},
}
@article {pmid39933515,
year = {2025},
author = {Schär, S and Talavera, G and Dapporto, L and Bruschini, C and Dincă, V and Beza-Beza, C and Wiegmann, BM and Taheri, A and Pape, T and Vila, R},
title = {Blow fly larvae socially integrate termite nests through morphological and chemical mimicry.},
journal = {Current biology : CB},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.cub.2025.01.007},
pmid = {39933515},
issn = {1879-0445},
abstract = {Nests of ecosystem-dominant eusocial insects like ants and termites offer stable, nutrient-rich, and protected habitats that may be exploited by other organisms. Several arthropod lineages managed to breach nest defenses and become inquilines, mutualists, predators, parasitoids, or social parasites.[1][,][2][,][3][,][4] However, achieving social integration requires extreme morphological, behavioral, and physiological adaptations.[5] Among flies, only scuttle flies (Phoridae) are well-known social parasites,[2] although interactions with termites (predation, scavenging, and putative parasitism) have also been mentioned in anecdotal reports for blow flies (Rhiniinae[6][,][7][,][8][,][9][,][10] and Bengaliinae[11][,][12][,][13]) and flesh flies (Miltogramminae[14][,][15][,][16]). Here, we report a fly larva found to be socially integrated within nests of the termite Anacanthotermes ochraceus (Burmeister) in Morocco. Behavioral, chemical, and morphological analyses show that colony integration, including communication and grooming, is achieved through unique adaptations. The chemical profiles of the fly larvae perfectly match those of the termites at the colony level. Notably, the posterior part of the larvae mimics a termite's head, and the long papillae that imitate the termites' antennae surround the entire body. Based on phylogenomics, we show that the larvae belong to the blow fly genus Rhyncomya (Calliphoridae: Rhiniinae). Our results support the hypothesis that the enigmatic blow fly subfamily Prosthetosomatinae (only known from larvae observed in termite nests[17][,][18][,][19][,][20]) is Rhiniinae. Thus, we demonstrate that the diverse schizophoran flies evolved social integration independently from the 150-million-year-diverged Phoridae radiation. This discovery sheds light on the repeated evolution of termitophily within the order Diptera.},
}
@article {pmid39931814,
year = {2025},
author = {Lintnerova, E and Shaw, C and Keys, M and Brownlee, C and Modepalli, V},
title = {Plant-like heliotropism in a photosymbiotic animal.},
journal = {The Journal of experimental biology},
volume = {228},
number = {3},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1242/jeb.247651},
pmid = {39931814},
issn = {1477-9145},
support = {//Marine Biological Association/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Symbiosis ; *Sea Anemones/physiology ; *Photosynthesis ; Phototropism/physiology ; Sunlight ; },
abstract = {As in plants, photosynthesis also represents a key energy source in photosymbiotic cnidarians bearing microalgae. We observed that the cnidarian sea anemone Anemonia viridis, commonly known as the snakelocks anemone, displayed heliotropism or solar tracking in their natural habitats. When exposed to sunlight, A. viridis point their tentacles towards the sun while remaining sessile, facing east at dawn and west at dusk as they track the sun's relative position through the day. This phenomenon was previously only observed in plants. Solar tracking movements in A. viridis are driven by peak wavelengths that prompt photosynthesis in their endosymbionts. The heliotropic response was absent in both bleached (aposymbiotic) A. viridis and in symbiotic A. viridis with chemically inhibited photosynthesis. We revealed a direct correlation between heliotropism and symbiont oxygen production in A. viridis and showed how photosymbiotic A. viridis utilises this mechanism to modulate exposure to solar irradiation. Our study exemplifies how photosynthetic organisms such as plants and symbiotic sea anemones, display similar behaviour in response to similar environmental pressures.},
}
@article {pmid39931676,
year = {2025},
author = {Dutkiewicz, Z and Singleton, CM and Sereika, M and Villada, JC and Mussig, AJ and Chuvochina, M and Albertsen, M and Schulz, F and Woyke, T and Nielsen, PH and Hugenholtz, P and Rinke, C},
title = {Proposal of Patescibacterium danicum gen. nov., sp. nov. in the ubiquitous bacterial phylum Patescibacteriota phyl. nov.},
journal = {ISME communications},
volume = {5},
number = {1},
pages = {ycae147},
pmid = {39931676},
issn = {2730-6151},
abstract = {Candidatus Patescibacteria is a diverse bacterial phylum that is notable for members with ultrasmall cell size, reduced genomes, limited metabolic capabilities, and dependence on other prokaryotic hosts. Despite the prevalence of the name Ca. Patescibacteria in the scientific literature, it is not officially recognized under the International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes and lacks a nomenclatural type. Here, we rectify this situation by describing two closely related circular metagenome-assembled genomes and by proposing one of them (ABY1[TS]) to serve as the nomenclatural type for the species Patescibacterium danicum [TS] gen. nov., sp. nov. according to the rules of the SeqCode. Rank-normalized phylogenomic inference confirmed the stable placement of P. danicum [TS] in the Ca. Patescibacteria class ABY1. Based on these results, we propose Patescibacterium gen. nov. to serve as the type genus for associated higher taxa, including the phylum Patescibacteriota phyl. nov. We complement our proposal with a genomic characterization, metabolic reconstruction, and biogeographical analysis of Patescibacterium. Our results confirm small genome sizes (<1 Mbp), low GC content (>36%), and the occurrence of long gene coding insertions in the 23S rRNA sequences, along with reduced metabolic potential, inferred symbiotic lifestyle, and a global distribution. In summary, our proposal will provide nomenclatural stability to the fourth-largest phylum in the bacterial domain.},
}
@article {pmid39931481,
year = {2025},
author = {Gupta, A and Chandra Pandey, B and Yaseen, M and Kushwaha, R and Shukla, M and Chaudhary, P and Manna, PP and Singh, A and Tiwari, I and Nath, G and Kumari, N},
title = {Exploring anticancer, antioxidant, and antimicrobial potential of Aspergillus flavus, a fungal endophyte isolated from Dillenia indica leaf callus.},
journal = {Heliyon},
volume = {11},
number = {3},
pages = {e42142},
pmid = {39931481},
issn = {2405-8440},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Endophytic fungi represent a compelling assemblage of microorganisms that inhabit plant tissues without inflicting any discernible detriment to the host organism. They foster a symbiotic association with their host plants, frequently conferring advantages such as augmented growth, enhanced resilience to stressors, and safeguarding against pathogens.<br><br>STUDY DESIGN: Dillenia indica is a medicinal tree of Dilleniaceae. This study aims to isolate and identify the fungi growing as a contaminant in leaf callus. For the identification, both morphological observation and molecular methods were used. The presence of secondary metabolites in different fungal extracts were observed by FTIR and High-resolution accurate mass spectroscopy (HRAMS) methods. Different biological activities (antioxidant, antibacterial and antitumor) of fungal extracts were assessed.<br><br>METHODS: For callus initiation, leaf tissues of Dillenia indica were inoculated on Murashige and Skoog's medium supplemented with BAP (1mgl-1) and NAA (1mgl-1) plant growth regulators. To raise pure cultures of endophyte, fungal hyphae were isolated from the contaminated cultures and were grown on Potato Dextrose Agar medium. For molecular identification, genomic DNA (gDNA) was isolated from fungal mycelia. Internal transcribed spacers (ITS1 and ITS4) were used to amplify the conserved ITS region of the fungal gDNA. Previously deposited sequences in the Gene bank were used for the identification and making of phylogenetic tree. Antioxidant, antibacterial and anticancer potential of fungal extracts were studied.<br><br>RESULTS: The endophyte was identified as Aspergillus flavus. FTIR study showed the presence of diverse types of secondary metabolites in fungal extract. A significant presence of phenolics, flavonoids, terpenes, steroids, etc. was observed by High-resolution accurate mass spectroscopy analysis (HRAMS) of fungal extract. Endophyte extract prepared in chloroform showed both antioxidant (IC50 430.23) and antibacterial (maximum inhibition of E. coli:15&#xa0;&#xb1;&#xa0;0.62&#xa0;mm) potential compared to other solvents. Cell viability decreased at high concentrations of endophyte extract prepared in chloroform and ethyl acetate solvents. Fungal extract prepared in ethyl acetate showed considerable cytotoxicity and growth inhibition of DL tumor cells.<br><br>CONCLUSION: In the present study, isolated endophyte of Dillenia indica showed high occurrence of secondary metabolites. Fungal extracts showed antioxidant, antibacterial and antitumor activities. As, endophytes are remarkable source of active constituents, there is a great need to explore such endophytes. Their extensive studies are required to develop an alternative of plant less production of valuable compounds.},
}
@article {pmid39930789,
year = {2025},
author = {Jiang, H and Lv, M and He, T and Xie, M and Zhao, Z and He, J and Luo, S and Guo, Y and Chen, J},
title = {Effects of ex situ conservation on commensal bacteria of crocodile lizard and conservation implications.},
journal = {The veterinary quarterly},
volume = {45},
number = {1},
pages = {1-14},
doi = {10.1080/01652176.2025.2463704},
pmid = {39930789},
issn = {1875-5941},
mesh = {Animals ; *Lizards/microbiology ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Skin/microbiology ; *Microbiota ; Bacteria/classification/isolation &amp; purification/genetics ; Endangered Species ; Symbiosis ; },
abstract = {Ex situ conservation is an important wildlife conservation strategy, but endangered wildlife in captivity often exhibit high disease rates. Commensal microorganisms are vital for homeostasis, immunity, and linked to diseases. This study analyzed the structure, assembly, variations of the symbiotic microbiota of the endangered crocodile lizard, and their relationship with environment, as well as the effects of captivity on them, to explore why captive reptiles face high dermatosis rates. Results showed that the reptile's microbiota significantly differ from that of its habitat, demonstrating niche specificity. While species richness among organs showed no significant differences, microbial diversity varied considerably. Skin microbiota showed no site-specific clustering. The assembly of skin, oral, and intestinal bacterial communities was dominated by homogeneous selection. The gut and oral bacterial networks were resilient to disturbances, while the skin bacterial network was sensitive. Captivity primarily affected the skin microbiota, reducing its diversity and stability, thereby increasing disease risk, and these effects were not solely attributable to environmental changes. These findings suggested that skin microbial changes in captive reptiles may be responsible for their increased susceptibility to dermatosis in ex situ conservation. This study underscored the importance of understanding reptile-associated microbes for effective conservation strategies and offers potential solutions.},
}
@article {pmid39930233,
year = {2025},
author = {Etchegaray, JI and Ravichandran, K},
title = {Role of RPE Phagocytosis in the Retina Metabolic Ecosystem.},
journal = {Advances in experimental medicine and biology},
volume = {1468},
number = {},
pages = {429-433},
pmid = {39930233},
issn = {0065-2598},
mesh = {*Phagocytosis/physiology ; *Retinal Pigment Epithelium/metabolism/physiology ; Humans ; Animals ; Glycolysis/physiology ; Retinal Photoreceptor Cell Outer Segment/metabolism/physiology ; Glucose/metabolism ; Energy Metabolism ; Retina/metabolism/physiology ; },
abstract = {Photoreceptors are the most glycolytically active cells in the body. Vital to glucose homeostasis is the metabolic relationship between the photoreceptors and the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). The photoreceptors and RPE are in metabolic symbiosis, wherein the RPE takes up glucose from circulation and passes it on to the photoreceptors to fuel glycolysis. In turn, the photoreceptors produce energy substrates that are taken up by the RPE to support their metabolism. One of the main roles of the RPE is to phagocytose "used" photoreceptor outer segments (POS), a process that occurs to mitigate damage accrued by light. This mini-review explores the role that POS phagocytosis has in supporting the metabolic ecosystem linking photoreceptors and the RPE.},
}
@article {pmid39929927,
year = {2025},
author = {Chen, L and He, Z and Zhang, D and Zhao, F and Zhang, Y and Ding, R},
title = {The role of gut microbiota at different developmental stages in the adaptation of the Etiella zinckenella to a plant host.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {4971},
pmid = {39929927},
issn = {2045-2322},
support = {31860619,31560611//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 31860619,31560611//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 31860619,31560611//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 31860619,31560611//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 31860619,31560611//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 31860619,31560611//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 2021AAC02009//Natural Science Foundation of Ningxia Province/ ; 2021AAC02009//Natural Science Foundation of Ningxia Province/ ; 2021AAC02009//Natural Science Foundation of Ningxia Province/ ; 2021AAC02009//Natural Science Foundation of Ningxia Province/ ; 2021AAC02009//Natural Science Foundation of Ningxia Province/ ; 2021AAC02009//Natural Science Foundation of Ningxia Province/ ; },
mesh = {*Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; Animals ; *Larva/microbiology/growth &amp; development ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics ; Adaptation, Physiological ; Symbiosis ; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing ; Pupa/microbiology/growth &amp; development ; },
abstract = {Insect gut symbiotic microbiota play a crucial role in the nutritional, physiological, and behavioral aspects of their hosts, providing valuable insights for investigating the co-evolution of insects and plants. Sophora alopecuroides L. serves as an important windbreak plant, while Etiella zinckenella is a major pest that infests its seeds. However, the structure of the gut microbiota community in E. zinckenella remains poorly understood. In this study, we analyzed the gut microbiota of E. zinckenella across different developmental stages-larvae (1st-5th instars), pupae, and adults-infesting S. alopecuroides using 16 S rRNA high-throughput sequencing. The results revealed that the dominant phyla throughout the development of E. zinckenella were Proteobacteria and Bacteroidota, although the dominant genera varied significantly across stages. Diversity analysis of gut microbiota at different developmental stages indicated that microbial diversity was significantly higher in the larval stage compared to the pupal and adult stages. Functional predictions further highlighted the richness of metabolic pathways within the gut microbiota of E. zinckenella. Notably, carbohydrate metabolism functions were significantly more abundant during the larval stage, while lipid metabolism functions were substantially lower. Our findings demonstrate dynamic changes in the composition and diversity of the gut microbiota across the developmental stages of E. zinckenella, underscoring the critical roles of these bacteria during specific stages of the insect's life cycle. This study lays the groundwork for future strategies aimed at controlling E. zinckenella through modulation of its gut microbiota, offering significant theoretical implications.},
}
@article {pmid39929034,
year = {2025},
author = {Coots, NL and Jasso-Selles, DE and Swichtenberg, KL and Aguilar, SG and Nguyen, L and Sidles, PG and Woo, C and Smith, HM and Bresee, BJ and Abboud, AA and Abd Al Rahman, T and Anand, R and Avalle, SR and Batra, A and Brown, MA and Camacho Ruelas, H and Fajardo Chavez, A and Gallegos, CN and Grambs, A and Hernández, DA and Singh Johal, A and Jones, SA and McAnally, KB and McNamara, M and Munigala, L and Nguyen, HL and Salas Perez, K and Shah, R and Sharma, NK and Thomas, MK and Vega Beltran, E and Verne, NM and De Martini, F and Gile, GH},
title = {The protist symbionts of Reticulitermes tibialis: Unexpected diversity enables a new taxonomic framework.},
journal = {Protist},
volume = {176},
number = {},
pages = {126087},
doi = {10.1016/j.protis.2025.126087},
pmid = {39929034},
issn = {1618-0941},
abstract = {Wood-feeding termites harbor specialized protists in their hindguts in a classic nutritional mutualism. The protists are vertically inherited, which has generated a broad-scale pattern of codiversification over ∼150 million years, but there are many incongruences due to lineage-specific loss and transfer of symbionts. Despite the evolutionary and economic importance of this symbiosis, the symbiont communities of most termite species are incompletely characterized or entirely unstudied. Here, we have investigated the protist symbiont community of Reticulitermes tibialis, using single-cell PCR to link morphology to 18S rRNA gene sequences. The protists belong to at least 41 species in 3 major lineages within Metamonada: Spirotrichonymphida, Pyrsonymphidae, and Trichonympha. The Spirotrichonymphida symbionts belong to 6 genera, including Pseudospironympha, which has not been found in Reticulitermes until now, and Dexiohelix, a new genus. Pyrsonymphidae traditionally include just Pyrsonympha and Dinenympha, but our morphology-linked 18S phylogeny indicates that both genera are polyphyletic. We accordingly restrict the definitions of Pyrsonympha and Dinenympha to the clades that include their type species, and we propose 5 new genera to accommodate the remaining clades. Short-read 18S amplicon sequencing revealed considerable variation in community composition across R. tibialis colonies in Arizona, suggestive of a symbiont metacommunity. Symbiont species varied in their prevalence across colonies, with a core set of about 12 highly prevalent symbiont species, 11 species with intermediate prevalence, and 18 rare species. This pattern contrasts with the traditional paradigm of consistent symbiont community composition across colonies of a termite species.},
}
@article {pmid39928903,
year = {2025},
author = {Baba, T and Hagiuda, R and Matsumae, H and Hirose, D},
title = {Does the genome of Sarcoleotia globosa encode a rich carbohydrate-active enzyme gene repertoire?.},
journal = {Mycologia},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-6},
doi = {10.1080/00275514.2025.2452305},
pmid = {39928903},
issn = {1557-2536},
abstract = {The lifestyles of the order Geoglossales (Geoglossomycetes, Ascomycota) remain largely unknown. Recent observations support ericoid mycorrhizal lifestyles, especially in cultured Sarcoleotia-related species. However, the currently known genomes of geoglossoid fungi encode fewer carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) in Pezizomycotina, in contrast to the abundant CAZyme repertoires found in well-known ericoid mycorrhizal fungi. The absence of assembled genomes for cultured geoglossoid fungi hinders our understanding of the genomic features related to their lifestyles. We hypothesize that the genome of Sarcoleotia globosa, a putative ericoid mycorrhizal fungus, encodes abundant CAZymes, consistent with its culturability. General features, such as smaller genome size and smaller number of genes, are shared between the genome of S. globosa strain NBRC 116039 and other geoglossalean genomes. However, the former had the most extensive CAZyme repertoire, with several enzyme families involved in plant cell wall degradation. Some of these CAZymes are not found in Geoglossales and closely related lineages. Nonetheless, the number of CAZymes from S. globosa was notably smaller than that previously reported in ericoid mycorrhizal fungi. This inconsistency may highlight not only ecophysiological variation among ericoid root mycobionts but also the specific evolution of lifestyles in Geoglossales.},
}
@article {pmid39928520,
year = {2025},
author = {Lin, YT and Peng, YB and Chen, C and Xu, T and Qiu, JW},
title = {Integrative morphological, mitogenomic and phylogenetic analyses reveal new vent-dwelling scallop species.},
journal = {Invertebrate systematics},
volume = {39},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1071/IS24091},
pmid = {39928520},
issn = {1447-2600},
mesh = {*Phylogeny ; Animals ; *Pectinidae/genetics/anatomy &amp; histology/classification ; Hydrothermal Vents ; Species Specificity ; Genome, Mitochondrial/genetics ; Japan ; },
abstract = {Delectopecten is a small genus of the family Pectinidae (Bivalvia: Pectinida) that remains poorly studied in terms of both morphology and phylogeny. Here, we describe the first member of this genus from deep-sea hydrothermal vent ecosystems, D. thermus sp. nov., based on morphological investigations and molecular analyses of a specimen collected from the Higashi-Ensei vent field (962-m depth) in the northern Okinawa Trough. Morphologically, this new species resembles D. vancouverensis and D. gelatinosus in shell size, shape, auricle size and sculpture. However, D. thermus sp. nov. can be distinguished from its congeneric species (including 9 extant and 12 fossil species) by its unequal auricles (the anterior one being larger than the posterior), inwardly recurved anterior auricle of the left valve and a large byssal notch angle of ~90°. Comparisons of genetic sequences from three mitochondrial and three nuclear gene fragments supported the placement of the new species in the genus Delectopecten . Further phylogenetic analyses using these gene markers support that Delectopecten is monophyletic and positioned as an early diverging clade of the family Pectinidae. Additionally, the mitogenome of D. thermus sp. nov. was assembled and annotated, a first for its genus - revealing significant divergences in gene order compared to other pectinids. The 16S rRNA amplicon analysis of the gill tissue indicated that this vent-dwelling scallop does not exhibit symbiosis with chemosynthetic bacteria. A key to all known species of Delectopecten is provided to aid the identification of species in this understudied genus. ZooBank: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:D3D5D4AD-EE39-49F0-9782-12A5D6752A67.},
}
@article {pmid39928396,
year = {2025},
author = {Nakajima, M and Nakai, R and Hirakata, Y and Kubota, K and Satoh, H and Nobu, MK and Narihiro, T and Kuroda, K},
title = {Minisyncoccus archaeiphilus gen. nov., sp. nov., a mesophilic, obligate parasitic bacterium and proposal of Minisyncoccaceae fam. nov., Minisyncoccales ord. nov., Minisyncoccia class. nov. and Minisyncoccota phyl. nov. formerly referred to as Candidatus Patescibacteria or candidate phyla radiation.},
journal = {International journal of systematic and evolutionary microbiology},
volume = {75},
number = {2},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1099/ijsem.0.006668},
pmid = {39928396},
issn = {1466-5034},
mesh = {*Phylogeny ; *RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics ; *DNA, Bacterial/genetics ; *Sequence Analysis, DNA ; *Base Composition ; Bacterial Typing Techniques ; Fatty Acids ; Symbiosis ; DNA, Archaeal/genetics ; },
abstract = {In the domain Bacteria, one of the largest, most diverse and environmentally ubiquitous phylogenetic groups, Candidatus Patescibacteria (also known as candidate phyla radiation/CPR), remains poorly characterized, leaving a major knowledge gap in microbial ecology. We recently discovered a novel cross-domain symbiosis between Ca. Patescibacteria and Archaea in highly purified enrichment cultures and proposed Candidatus taxa for the characterized species, including Ca. Minisyncoccus archaeophilus and the corresponding family Ca. Minisyncoccaceae. In this study, we report the isolation of this bacterium, designated strain PMX.108[T], in a two-strain co-culture with a host archaeon, Methanospirillum hungatei strain DSM 864[T] (JF-1[T]), and hereby describe it as the first representative species of Ca. Patescibacteria. Strain PMX.108[T] was isolated from mesophilic methanogenic sludge in an anaerobic laboratory-scale bioreactor treating synthetic purified terephthalate- and dimethyl terephthalate-manufacturing wastewater. The strain could not grow axenically and is obligately anaerobic and parasitic, strictly depending on M. hungatei as a host. The genome was comparatively large (1.54 Mbp) compared to other members of the clade, lacked some genes involved in the biosynthesis pathway and encoded type IV pili-related genes associated with the parasitic lifestyle of ultrasmall microbes. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 36.6 mol%. Here, we report the phenotypic and genomic properties of strain PMX.108[T]; we propose Minisyncoccus archaeiphilus gen. nov., sp. nov. to accommodate this strain. The type strain of the species is PMX.108[T] (=JCM 39522[T]). We also propose the associated family, order, class and phylum as Minisyncoccaceae fam. nov. Minisyncoccales nov., Minisyncoccia class. nov. and Minisyncoccota phyl. nov. within the bacterial kingdom Bacillati.},
}
@article {pmid39925102,
year = {2025},
author = {Li, B and Liu, F and He, X and Liu, Y and Liu, X and Lu, M},
title = {Leaf Beetle Symbiotic Bacteria Degrade Chlorogenic Acid of Poplar Induced by Egg Deposition to Enhance Larval Survival.},
journal = {Plant, cell &amp; environment},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/pce.15427},
pmid = {39925102},
issn = {1365-3040},
support = {//This research was supported by the Hubei University National talent project (1070017364) and National Natural Science Foundation of China (32301593)./ ; },
abstract = {Insect symbiotic microbiota acting as a third-party force of plant-insect interactions, play a significant role in insect hosts tolerance to phytochemical defences. However, it remains unknown whether insect symbiotic bacteria can assist the host in degrading phytochemical defences induced by egg deposition. Plagiodera versicolora is a worldwide forest pest. Our study showed that P. versicolora egg deposition on Populus davidiana × Populus bolleana induced significant changes in the transcriptome and metabolome of leaves. Combined qRT-PCR and LC-MS quantitative analysis of metabolic pathways showed that the contents of chlorogenic acid and rutin were significantly increased upon egg deposition in poplar. Bioassays indicated that the high concentration of chlorogenic acid induced by egg deposition could significantly reduce the performance of germ-free larvae. Six symbiotic bacterial strains with potential ability to degrade chlorogenic acid were isolated and identified. Their degradation products did not affect larval survival either. In vivo inoculation assays showed that four of those symbiotic bacteria could assist in the degradation of high concentration of chlorogenic acid induced by egg deposition and improve the larval survival. Our study provides clear evidence that the insect symbiotic bacteria can mediate the tolerance of herbivorous insects against plant toxins induced by egg deposition.},
}
@article {pmid39922539,
year = {2025},
author = {Zhao, W and Su, X and Zhao, W and Yan, P and Zhou, Y},
title = {Experimental study on the mechanism of biological hydrogen sulfide generation from organic sulfur-rich coal.},
journal = {Journal of biotechnology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.jbiotec.2025.02.002},
pmid = {39922539},
issn = {1873-4863},
abstract = {Whether of primary or secondary origin, the presence of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in coalbed methane (CBM) is commonly attributed to sulfate reduction facilitated by sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB). However, the sulfate content in high-sulfur coal is exceptionally low, insufficient to function as a substrate for sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB). In this study, an anaerobic digestion experiment was conducted with high-organic-sulfur coal collected from the Late Permian Longtan Formation in Guangxi Province as both the carbon and sulfur sources. The formation mechanism of H2S is revealed from the evolution rules of gas components, liquid organic matter, and microbial communities during the anaerobic digestion process. The findings indicate three distinct mechanisms contributing to the biological formation of H2S in coal seams: firstly, the degradation of readily degradable organic sulfur in coal by microorganisms possessing denitrification capabilities, primarily attributed to the activity of the bacteria Wolinella; secondly, The symbiotic system between SRB and Pseudomonas and denitrifying bacteria（Thiobacillus） to metabolize SO4[2-] and produce H2S; thirdly, Methylotrophic methanogens employ the methyl groups of organic sulfides to produce CH4 and H2S simultaneously. Therefore, biological H2S can be generated under the presence of a sulfur source, appropriate temperature, and conducive environmental conditions. This comprehension will contribute valuable insights to the discourse on the generation and enrichment patterns of H2S in natural coalbed methane. Additionally, it can offer practical avenues for the prevention and control of H2S through technological approaches.},
}
@article {pmid39921876,
year = {2025},
author = {Lidoy, J and Rivero, J and Ramšak, &#x17d; and Petek, M and Križnik, M and Flors, V and Lopez-Raez, JA and Martinez-Medina, A and Gruden, K and Pozo, MJ},
title = {Ethylene signaling is essential for mycorrhiza-induced resistance against chewing herbivores in tomato.},
journal = {Journal of experimental botany},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/jxb/eraf053},
pmid = {39921876},
issn = {1460-2431},
abstract = {Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis can prime plant defenses, leading to mycorrhiza-induced resistance (MIR) against different attackers, including insect herbivores. Still, our knowledge of the complex molecular regulation leading to MIR is very limited. Here, we show that the AM fungus Funneliformis mosseae protects tomato plants against two different chewing herbivores, Spodoptera exigua and Manduca sexta. We explore the underlying molecular mechanism through genome-wide transcriptional profiling, bioinformatics network analyses, and functional bioassays. Herbivore-triggered JA-regulated defenses were primed in leaves of mycorrhizal plants, while ET biosynthesis and signaling were also higher both before and after herbivory. We hypothesized that fine-tuned ET signaling is required for the primed defensive response leading to MIR. ET is a complex regulator of plant responses to stress and is generally considered a negative regulator of plant defenses against herbivory. However, ET-deficient or insensitive lines did not show AM-primed JA biosynthesis or defense response, and were unable to develop MIR against any of the herbivores. Thus, we demonstrate that hormone crosstalk is central to the priming of plant immunity by beneficial microbes, with ET fine-tuning being essential for the primed JA biosynthesis and boosted defenses leading to MIR in tomato.},
}
@article {pmid39921668,
year = {2025},
author = {Duan, S and Jin, Z and Zhang, L and Declerck, S},
title = {Mechanisms of cooperation in the plants-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi-bacteria continuum.},
journal = {The ISME journal},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/ismejo/wraf023},
pmid = {39921668},
issn = {1751-7370},
abstract = {In nature, cooperation is an essential way for species, whether they belong to the same kingdom or to different kingdoms, to overcome the scarcity of resources and improve their fitness. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi are symbiotic microorganisms whose origin date back 400 million years. They form symbiotic associations with the vast majority of terrestrial plants, helping them to obtain nutrients from the soil in exchange for carbon. At the more complex level, soil bacteria participate in the symbiosis between arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and plants: they obtain carbon from the exudation of hyphae connected to the roots and compensate for the limited saprophytic capacity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi by mineralizing organic compounds. Therefore, plants, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and soil bacteria constitute a continuum that may be accompanied by multiple forms of cooperation. In this review, we first analyzed the functional complementarities and differences between plants and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis. Secondly, we discussed the resource exchange relationship between plants and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi from the perspective of biological market theory and "surplus carbon" hypothesis. Finally, on the basis of mechanisms for maintaining cooperation, direct and indirect reciprocity in the hyphosphere, induced by the availability of external resource and species fitness, were examined. Exploring these reciprocal cooperations will provide a better understanding of the intricate ecological relationships between plants, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and soil bacteria as well as their evolutionary implications.},
}
@article {pmid39918275,
year = {2025},
author = {Rodrigues, CS and Gaifem, J and Pereira, MS and Alves, MF and Silva, M and Padrão, N and Cavadas, B and Moreira-Barbosa, C and Alves, I and Marcos-Pinto, R and Torres, J and Lavelle, A and Colombel, JF and Sokol, H and Pinho, SS},
title = {Alterations in mucosa branched N-glycans lead to dysbiosis and downregulation of ILC3: a key driver of intestinal inflammation.},
journal = {Gut microbes},
volume = {17},
number = {1},
pages = {2461210},
pmid = {39918275},
issn = {1949-0984},
mesh = {Animals ; *Dysbiosis/microbiology/immunology ; *Polysaccharides/metabolism ; Mice ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; *Intestinal Mucosa/immunology/microbiology/metabolism ; Humans ; *Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/immunology/microbiology ; Down-Regulation ; Lymphocytes/immunology ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Inflammation/immunology/metabolism ; Bacteria/classification/isolation &amp; purification ; Glycosylation ; Immunity, Innate ; Female ; Nod2 Signaling Adaptor Protein/metabolism/genetics ; Male ; },
abstract = {The perturbation of the symbiotic relationship between microbes and intestinal immune system contributes to gut inflammation and Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) development. The host mucosa glycans (glycocalyx) creates a major biological interface between gut microorganisms and host immunity that remains ill-defined. Glycans are essential players in IBD immunopathogenesis, even years before disease onset. However, how changes in mucosa glycosylation shape microbiome and how this impact gut immune response and inflammation remains to be clarified. Here, we revealed that alterations in the expression of complex branched N-glycans at gut mucosa surface, modeled in glycoengineered mice, resulted in dysbiosis, with a deficiency in Firmicutes bacteria. Concomitantly, this mucosa N-glycan switch was associated with a downregulation of type 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3)-mediated immune response, leading to the transition of ILC3 toward an ILC1 proinflammatory phenotype and increased TNFα production. In addition, we demonstrated that the mucosa glycosylation remodeling through prophylactic supplementation with glycans at steady state was able to restore microbial-derived short-chain fatty acids and microbial sensing (by NOD2 expression) alongside the rescue of the expression of ILC3 module, suppressing intestinal inflammation and controlling disease onset. In a complementary approach, we further showed that IBD patients, often displaying dysbiosis, exhibited a tendency of decreased MGAT5 expression at epithelial cells that was accompanied by reduced ILC3 expression in gut mucosa. Altogether, these results unlock the effects of alterations in mucosa glycome composition in the regulation of the bidirectional crosstalk between microbiota and gut immune response, revealing host branched N-glycans/microbiota/ILC3 axis as an essential pathway in gut homeostasis and in preventing health to intestinal inflammation transition.},
}
@article {pmid39916863,
year = {2025},
author = {Wang, H and Kohler, A and Martin, FM},
title = {Biology, genetics, and ecology of the cosmopolitan ectomycorrhizal ascomycete Cenococcum geophilum.},
journal = {Frontiers in microbiology},
volume = {16},
number = {},
pages = {1502977},
pmid = {39916863},
issn = {1664-302X},
abstract = {The ascomycete Cenococcum geophilum is a cosmopolitan and ecologically significant ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungus that forms symbiotic associations with diverse host plants worldwide. As the only known ECM species within the large class Dothideomycetes, C. geophilum exhibits several characteristics that distinguish it from other ECM fungi. This fungus significantly contributes to ecosystem stability and development as an early colonizer of primary forest succession. The capacity of this symbiont to rapidly colonize disturbed or newly formed environments promotes the development of conditions that support the growth of other plant species, thus playing a crucial role in the ecological progression and restoration of ecosystems. Several C. geophilum isolates are known to enhance the drought resistance of host plants, a trait that is becoming increasingly important in the context of climate change and frequent drought events. In this review, we examined genetic studies that have assessed the phylogenetic structure of C. geophilum populations and identified the genes associated with adaptation to environmental stress and symbiosis. The high genetic diversity of C. geophilum is particularly noteworthy, considering its putative asexual reproductive mode. Population genomic analyses have suggested that C. geophilum is not a single species but rather a species complex comprising multiple cryptic lineages. This genetic variability may contribute to its adaptability and extensive distribution across habitats from circumpolar to tropical biomes. These lineages exhibit potential host preferences, suggesting a degree of specialization within the complex. The nuclear genome of C. geophilum has been sequenced, providing valuable insights into the symbiont genetic traits. Notably, this genome encodes a large set of repeated sequences and effector-like small secreted proteins. Transcriptomics has been used to identify candidate genes related to symbiosis and adaptation to environmental stress. Additionally, we briefly discuss how C. geophilum offers potential for sustainable forestry practices by improving resilience to stress.},
}
@article {pmid39915884,
year = {2025},
author = {He, R and Qi, P and Shu, L and Ding, Y and Zeng, P and Wen, G and Xiong, Y and Deng, H},
title = {Dysbiosis and extraintestinal cancers.},
journal = {Journal of experimental &amp; clinical cancer research : CR},
volume = {44},
number = {1},
pages = {44},
pmid = {39915884},
issn = {1756-9966},
support = {82160546//National Science Foundation of China/ ; 82460116//National Science Foundation of China/ ; 20202BBG73027//Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province/ ; 20242BAB26116//Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province/ ; JXSQ2023201020//Foundation of Jiangxi Province for Distinguished Scholars/ ; 20183021//Science and Technology Plan Fund of Jiangxi Health Commission/ ; 20202ACBL206017//Science and Technology Department of Jiangxi Province/ ; GJJ210185//Education Department of Jiangxi Province/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *Dysbiosis/microbiology ; *Neoplasms/microbiology/pathology ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; Animals ; },
abstract = {The gut microbiota plays a crucial role in safeguarding host health and driving the progression of intestinal diseases. Despite recent advances in the remarkable correlation between dysbiosis and extraintestinal cancers, the underlying mechanisms are yet to be fully elucidated. Pathogenic microbiota, along with their metabolites, can undermine the integrity of the gut barrier through inflammatory or metabolic pathways, leading to increased permeability and the translocation of pathogens. The dissemination of pathogens through the circulation may contribute to the establishment of an immune-suppressive environment that promotes carcinogenesis in extraintestinal organs either directly or indirectly. The oncogenic cascade always engages in the disruption of hormonal regulation and inflammatory responses, the induction of genomic instability and mutations, and the dysregulation of adult stem cell proliferation. This review aims to comprehensively summarize the existing evidence that points to the potential role of dysbiosis in the malignant transformation of extraintestinal organs such as the liver, breast, lung, and pancreas. Additionally, we delve into the limitations inherent in current methodologies, particularly the challenges associated with differentiating low loads gut-derived microbiome within tumors from potential sample contamination or symbiotic microorganisms. Although still controversial, an understanding of the contribution of translocated intestinal microbiota and their metabolites to the pathological continuum from chronic inflammation to tumors could offer a novel foundation for the development of targeted therapeutics.},
}
@article {pmid39925835,
year = {2024},
author = {Tavakolinasab, F and Taherpour, K and Rostamzad, A},
title = {Comparative effects of herbal additive, symbiotic and antibiotic on growth performance, blood constituents, gut microbiota, and immune response in broiler chickens.},
journal = {Iranian journal of veterinary research},
volume = {25},
number = {3},
pages = {242-249},
pmid = {39925835},
issn = {1728-1997},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Using medicinal plants in broiler diets has been gaining attention as an alternative to synthetic additives due to their potential health benefits and lower risk of residue accumulation.<br><br>AIMS: The present study primarily aimed to evaluate and compare the effects of herbal additives, specifically barberry (Berberis vulgaris), sumac (Rhus coriaria, L), symbiotic, and antibiotic on broiler chickens.<br><br>METHODS: A total of 384 one-day-old broiler chicks (Ross 308) were assigned to eight different dietary treatments, with six replicates per treatment. Experimental diets included control diet (CON), and other experimental groups were supplemented with 0.2 g/kg virginiamycin (VM), symbiotic (SS), 1 g/kg (B1) and 2 g/kg (B2) barberry seed powder, 1 g/kg (S1) and 2 g/kg (S2) sumac seed powder and 1 g/kg sumac seed powder + 1 g/kg barberry seed powder (B1 + S1).<br><br>RESULTS: The study results indicated that body weight increased in birds fed with VM and SS-supplemented diets (P<0.05) during 1 to 42 days of age. All dietary treatments except CON increased the count of Lactobacillus spp. and decreased the number of coliforms versus at the end of the experiment (P<0.05). Antibody titers against Gambaro disease were higher in birds fed diets B2 and B1 + S1 (P<0.05). The results also indicated that the heterophil to lymphocyte ratio was significantly lower in the SS and B1 + S1 groups as compared with the control group.<br><br>CONCLUSION: A mix of sumac and barberry (1%) powdered seeds has the potential to improve performance, and disease responsiveness and intestinal microbiota in broiler.},
}
@article {pmid39914205,
year = {2025},
author = {Chandel, SS and Lavakumar, A and Randhawa, NS and Singh, PK},
title = {Unique hot stage modification technique to enhance cementitious properties of electric arc furnace steel slag.},
journal = {Journal of environmental management},
volume = {376},
number = {},
pages = {124398},
doi = {10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.124398},
pmid = {39914205},
issn = {1095-8630},
abstract = {Decarburization is a major concern for global industries, particularly the steel and cement sectors, which together contribute nearly 15% of total carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. One approach to reducing CO2 emissions is re-utilizing industrial waste, such as slag, to produce cementitious materials. While ironmaking slag from blast furnaces is conventionally recycled as ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) cement, this technology is not directly applicable to electric arc furnace (EAF) slag, a byproduct of the steelmaking process. This study investigated the potential of direct reduced iron-electric arc furnace (DRI-EAF) steel slag as a supplementary cementitious material (SCM) using a hot-stage modification technique. The experimental sequence follows remelting, modifying, and cooling DRI-EAF slag from a molten state at 1600 °C. Key aspects such as mineralogy, phase transformations, chemical compositions, and cooling conditions were analyzed using experimental data and thermodynamic simulations. The results indicate that adding lime and coke as modifying agents, smelting the slag for 40 min at 1600 °C, and water quenching can produce slag with up to 86% amorphous content. The primary phases precipitated at room temperature were calcium silicates (C2S and C3S). Additionally, the total iron content in the modified slag was reduced to 2 wt%, meeting the requirements for SCM use according to Indian standards. Energy consumption and CO2 emissions associated with recycling DRI-EAF slag as an SCM were compared with data from conventional cement production. This study highlights the potential of upcycling DRI-EAF slag into SCMs while recovering iron nuggets as secondary resources for steelmaking, contributing to decarburization in both industries.},
}
@article {pmid39910670,
year = {2025},
author = {Vidkjær, NH and Schmidt, S and Davie-Martin, CL and Silué, KS and Koné, NA and Rinnan, R and Poulsen, M},
title = {Volatile Organic Compounds of Diverse Origins and Their Changes Associated With Cultivar Decay in a Fungus-Farming Termite.},
journal = {Environmental microbiology},
volume = {27},
number = {2},
pages = {e70049},
pmid = {39910670},
issn = {1462-2920},
support = {ERC-CoG 771349/ERC_/European Research Council/International ; DNRF168//The Danish National Research Foundation/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Volatile Organic Compounds/metabolism ; *Isoptera/microbiology ; Termitomyces/metabolism ; Terpenes/metabolism ; },
abstract = {Fungus-farming termites cultivate a Termitomyces fungus monoculture in enclosed gardens (combs) free of other fungi, except during colony declines, where Pseudoxylaria spp. stowaway fungi appear and take over combs. Here, we determined Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) of healthy Macrotermes bellicosus nests in nature and VOC changes associated with comb decay during Pseudoxylaria takeover. We identified 443 VOCs and unique volatilomes across samples and nest volatilomes that were mainly composed of fungus comb VOCs with termite contributions. Few comb VOCs were linked to chemical changes during decay, but longipinocarvone and longiverbenone were only emitted during comb decay. These terpenes may be involved in Termitomyces defence against antagonistic fungi or in fungus-termite signalling of comb state. Both comb and Pseudoxylaria biomass volatilomes contained many VOCs with antimicrobial activity that may serve in maintaining healthy Termitomyces monocultures or aid in the antagonistic takeover by Pseudoxylaria during colony decline. We further observed a series of oxylipins with known functions in the regulation of fungus germination, growth, and secondary metabolite production. Our volatilome map of the fungus-farming termite symbiosis provides new insights into the chemistry regulating complex interactions and serves as a valuable guide for future work on the roles of VOCs in symbioses.},
}
@article {pmid39909191,
year = {2025},
author = {Weitzman, CL and Brown, GP and Day, K and Shilton, CM and Gibb, K and Christian, K},
title = {Protection against anuran lungworm infection may be mediated by innate defenses rather than their microbiome.},
journal = {International journal for parasitology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.ijpara.2025.01.010},
pmid = {39909191},
issn = {1879-0135},
abstract = {Host-associated microbiomes provide protection against disease in diverse systems, through both direct and indirect interactions with invaders, although these interactions are less understood in the context of non-gut helminth infections in wildlife. Here, we used a widespread, invasive host-parasite system to better understand helminth-amphibian-microbiome dynamics. We focus on cane toads and their lungworm parasites, which invade the host through the skin, to study the interactions between lungworm infection abundance and skin and gut (colon) bacterial microbiomes. Through two experiments, first reducing skin bacterial loads, and second reducing bacterial diversity, we found no evidence of protection by skin bacteria against infection. We also did not find divergent gut communities dependent on lungworm infection, signifying little to no immune modulation from infection causing changes to gut communities, at least in the first month after initial parasite exposure. In light of previous work in the system, these results underscore the contribution of toads' innate susceptibility (including possible protection provided by skin secretions) rather than skin microbes in determining the chance of infection by these macroparasites.},
}
@article {pmid39908254,
year = {2025},
author = {Hung, TC and Minh, BV and Nguyen, TN and Voznak, M},
title = {Power beacon-assisted energy harvesting symbiotic radio networks: Outage performance.},
journal = {PloS one},
volume = {20},
number = {2},
pages = {e0313981},
pmid = {39908254},
issn = {1932-6203},
mesh = {*Wireless Technology/instrumentation ; Models, Theoretical ; Radio Waves ; Computer Communication Networks ; Internet of Things ; },
abstract = {The evolution of next-generation Internet-of-Things (IoT) in recent years exhibits a unique segment that wireless communication paradigms are oriented towards not only improved spectral efficiency transmission but also energy efficiency. This paper addresses these critical issues by proposing a novel communication model, namely power beacon-assisted energy-harvesting symbiotic radio. In particular, the limited energy primary IoT source communicates with its destination by first harvesting energy from a dedicated power beacon and then performing information exchange, while the backscatter device communicates by exploiting the available radio frequency emitted by the primary IoT source. The destination uses successive interference cancellation mechanisms to decode both its received signals. To assess the performance quality of the proposed communication model, we theoretically derive the coexistence outage probability (COP) in terms of highly accurate expressions and upper-bound and lower-bound approximations. Subsequently, we carry out a series of numerical results to verify the developed theory frameworks on the one hand, and on the other hand, analyze the COP performance against the variations of system key parameters (transmit signal-to-noise ratio, the time-splitting coefficient, the energy conversion efficiency factor, the reflection coefficient, and the coexistent decoding threshold). Our numerical results demonstrate that the proposed communication model can potentially work well in practices with reliable communication over 90% (COP is less than 0.1). Additionally, it also demonstrates that optimizing the reflection coefficient at the backscatter device can facilitate achieving minimal COP performance.},
}
@article {pmid39907951,
year = {2025},
author = {Anwar, MA and Sayed, GA and Hal, DM and Hafeez, MSAE and Shatat, AS and Salman, A and Eisa, NM and Ramadan, A and El-Shiekh, RA and Hatem, S and Aly, SH},
title = {Herbal remedies for oral and dental health: a comprehensive review of their multifaceted mechanisms including antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant pathways.},
journal = {Inflammopharmacology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {39907951},
issn = {1568-5608},
abstract = {Across diverse cultures, herbal remedies have been used to alleviate oral discomfort and maintain dental hygiene. This review presents studies on herbal remedies with remarkable antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, anticaries, analgesic, and healing properties. The manuscripts demonstrate the depth of scientific inquiry into herbal remedies used for the management of various oral and dental health conditions. These include gingivitis, oral ulcers, mucositis, periodontitis, oral pathogens, carcinoma, xerostomia, and dental caries. Researchers have investigated the phytochemical and pharmacological properties of plant-derived compounds and their extracts evaluated their interactions with oral pathogens and inflammatory processes. The convergence of traditional knowledge and rigorous scientific investigation offers a compelling narrative, fostering a deeper understanding of herbal remedies as viable alternatives to conventional dental interventions. This work has the potential to provide patients with access to gentle, yet effective solutions, and simultaneously offer dental health professionals the opportunity to enrich their knowledge, and ability to provide personalized, holistic care. This review highlights the symbiotic relationship between herbal medicine and scientific understanding, emphasizing the importance of disseminating this knowledge to benefit both practitioners and patients, enabling evidence-based decision-making in dental care. The exploration of herbal remedies offers a promising alternative, potentially mitigating some of these side effects while promoting oral health in a more natural and holistic manner.},
}
@article {pmid39907460,
year = {2025},
author = {Rous, C and Cadiou, J and Yazbek, H and Monzel, E and Desai, MS and Doré, J and van de Guchte, M and Mondot, S},
title = {Temporary dietary fiber depletion prompts rapid and lasting gut microbiota restructuring in mice.},
journal = {Microbiology spectrum},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e0151724},
doi = {10.1128/spectrum.01517-24},
pmid = {39907460},
issn = {2165-0497},
abstract = {UNLABELLED: Long-term alterations of the gut microbiota and host symbiosis after a dietary perturbation remain insufficiently understood and characterized. In this study, we investigate the impact of temporary dietary fiber depletion in mice that received a diet with reduced fiber content (RFD) for 3 weeks followed by a return to a standard chow diet for 6 weeks, compared to mice that only received a chow diet. Fiber deprivation was accompanied by a reduction of microbiota diversity and an increase in mucolytic and sulfate-reducing bacteria. The activities of enzymes targeting glycans from the host mucus were increased accordingly, while those targeting plant fibers were decreased. On the host side, we report transiently higher quantities of host DNA in feces during the RFD suggesting an impaired gut barrier function. Six weeks after the return to the chow diet, lasting changes in microbiota composition were observed, as exemplified by the replacement of durably depleted amplicon sequence variants close to Duncaniella dubosii by other members of the Muribaculaceae family. The observation of two distinct gut microbial communities in mice under identical environmental and alimentary conditions at the end of the experiment suggests the existence of alternative stable microbiota states.<br><br>IMPORTANCE: In this article, the authors explore the impact of a diet with reduced fiber content on the gut microbiota-host symbiosis in a mouse model. More importantly, they examine the resilience of the intestinal symbiosis after the return to a standard (chow) diet. Some of the measured parameters (intestinal barrier impairment and bacterial glycan-degrading enzymatic activities) returned to control values. However, this was not the case for bacterial richness-the number of different bacteria observed-which remained durably reduced. Among related bacteria, some groups receded and remained undetected until 6 weeks after the return to the chow diet while others saw their abundance increase in replacement. The authors find that a temporary fiber deprivation lasting as little as 3 weeks can cause a transition to an alternative stable microbiota state, i.e., a lasting change in intestinal microbiota composition.},
}
@article {pmid39906587,
year = {2025},
author = {Singh, P and Bruijning, M and Carver, GD and Donia, MS and Metcalf, CJE},
title = {Characterizing the evolution of defense in a tripartite marine symbiosis using adaptive dynamics.},
journal = {Evolution letters},
volume = {9},
number = {1},
pages = {105-114},
pmid = {39906587},
issn = {2056-3744},
abstract = {The evolution and maintenance of symbiotic systems remains a fascinating puzzle. While the coevolutionary dynamics of bipartite (host-symbiont) systems are well-studied, the dynamics of more complex systems have only recently garnered attention with increasing technological advances. We model a tripartite system inspired by the marine symbiotic relationship between the alga Bryopsis sp., its intracellular defensive bacterial symbiont "Candidatus Endobryopsis kahalalidifaciens," which produces a toxin that protects the alga against fish herbivores, and the sea-slug Elysia rufescens (Zan et al., 2019), which is not deterred by the toxin. We disentangle the role of selection on different actors within this system by investigating evolutionary scenarios where defense evolves as (i) a host-controlled trait that reduces algal reproductive ability; (ii) a symbiont-controlled trait that impacts symbiont transmission; and (iii) a trait jointly controlled by both host and symbiont. Optimal investment in defensive toxins varies based on the characteristics of the host, symbiont, and sea slug; and evolutionary trajectories are modulated by trade-off shape, i.e., a strongly decelerating trade-off between defense and symbiont transmission can drive symbiont diversification via evolutionary branching. Increasing slug herbivory reduces host investment in defense to favor reproduction, while symbiont investment in defense first declines and then increases as host density declines to the degree that horizontal symbiont transmission is no longer beneficial. Increasing vertical transmission selects for reduced defense by the host when it evolves as a jointly controlled trait, as a result of investment by the symbiont. Our theoretical exploration of the evolution of defensive symbiosis in scenarios involving interactions with multiple herbivores provides a first window into the origin and maintenance of the Bryopsis sp. system, and adds another piece to the puzzle of the evolution of symbiotic systems.},
}
@article {pmid39905670,
year = {2025},
author = {Wang, J and Fu, M and Luo, Z and Liu, J and Xie, F},
title = {Distinct domain regions of NIN and NLP1 mediate symbiotic and nitrate signaling in Medicago truncatula.},
journal = {Journal of experimental botany},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/jxb/eraf037},
pmid = {39905670},
issn = {1460-2431},
abstract = {Nodule Inception (NIN) and NIN-like protein 1 (NLP1), both belonging to the RWP-RK type transcription factors, play critical roles in plant development. Specifically, NIN is pivotal in facilitating root nodule symbiosis in nitrogen-starved conditions, while NLP1 coordinates nodulation in response to nitrate level. In this study, we conducted domain swapping experiments between NIN and NLP1 in Medicago truncatula to elucidate the functional significance of their respective domains. The findings reveal that the C-terminal regions, including the RWP-RK and PB1 domains of NIN, can substitute for those of NLP1, whereas reciprocal substitution do not yield equivalent outcomes. Moreover, our data emphasize the critical role of PB1-mediated interactions for NLP1's activity, a feature not essential for NIN. Additionally, the N-terminal segment, conserved in NLPs but containing deletions or mutations in NIN, is essential for the proper functioning of both NIN and NLP1. Collectively, our research suggests the evolutionary divergence of NIN from ancestral NLPs, indicating specific adaptations that have enabled NIN as a central regulator in root nodulation processes.},
}
@article {pmid39904552,
year = {2025},
author = {Saad, EB and Friedrich, A and Fischer, F and Courot, O and Schacherer, J and Bleykasten, C},
title = {Comprehensive survey of kombucha microbial communities of diverse origins and fermentation practices.},
journal = {FEMS yeast research},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/femsyr/foaf005},
pmid = {39904552},
issn = {1567-1364},
abstract = {Kombucha is a unique, naturally fermented sweetened tea produced for thousands of years, relying on a symbiotic microbiota in a floating biofilm, used for successive fermentations. The microbial communities consist of yeast and bacteria species, distributed across two phases: the liquid and the biofilm fractions. In the fermentation of kombucha, various starters of different shapes and origins are used and there are multiple brewing practices. By metabarcoding, we explored here the consortia and their evolution from a collection of 23 starters coming from various origins summarizing the diversity of kombucha fermentation processes. A core microbiota of yeast and bacteria has been identified in these diverse kombucha symbiotic consortia, revealing consistent core taxa across SCOBYs from different starters. The common core consists of five taxa: two yeast species from the Brettanomyces genus (B. bruxellensis and B. anomalus), and bacterial taxa Komagataeibacter, Lactobacillus, Acetobacteraceae, including the Acetobacter genus. The distribution of yeast and bacteria core taxa differs between the liquid and biofilm fractions, as well as between the 'mother' and 'daughter' biofilms used in successive fermentations. In terms of microbial composition, the diversity is relatively low, with only a few accessory taxa identified. Overall, our study provides a deeper understanding of the core and accessory taxa involved in kombucha fermentation.},
}
@article {pmid39903999,
year = {2025},
author = {Mondal, A and Parvez, SS and Majumder, A and Sharma, K and Das, B and Bakshi, U and Alam, M and Banik, A},
title = {Co-inoculation of Trichoderma and tea root-associated bacteria enhance flavonoid production and abundance of mycorrhizal colonization in tea (Camellia sinensis).},
journal = {Microbiological research},
volume = {293},
number = {},
pages = {128084},
doi = {10.1016/j.micres.2025.128084},
pmid = {39903999},
issn = {1618-0623},
abstract = {Tea is one of the most popular nonalcoholic beverages, that contains several medicinally important flavonoids. Due to seasonal variation and various environmental stresses, the overall consistency of tea flavonoids affects the tea quality. To combat stress, plants stimulate symbiotic relationships with root-associated beneficial microbiomes that sustain nutrient allocation. Therefore, a study has been designed to understand the role of the tea root microbiome in sustaining tea leaf flavonoid production. To enumerate the microbiome, tea root and rhizoplane soil were collected from 3 years of healthy plants from Jalpaiguri district, West Bengal, India. A culture-independent approach was adopted to identify root and rhizosphere microbial diversity (BioSample: SAMN31404869; SRA: SRS15503027 [rhizosphere soil metagenome] BioSample: SAMN31404868;SRA:SRS15503030 [root metagenome]. In addition to diverse microbes, four mycorrhiza fungi, i.e., Glomus intraradices, Glomus irregulare, Paraglomus occultum and Scutellospora heterogama were predominant in collected root samples. A culture-dependent approach was also adopted to isolate several plant growth-promoting bacteria [Bacillus sp. D56, Bacillus sp. D42, Bacillus sp. DR15, Rhizobium sp. DR23 (NCBI Accession: OR821747-OR821750)] and one fungal [Trichoderma sp. AM6 (NCBI Accession:OM915414)] strain. A pot experiment was designed to assess the impact of that isolated microbiome on tea seedlings. After six months of microbiome inoculation, tea plants' physicochemical and transcriptional parameters were evaluated. The results confer that the microbiome-treated treatments [(T1-without any microbial inoculation; NCBI Accession: SAMN33591153), Trichoderma sp. AM6 (T2; NCBI Accession: SAMN33591155) and Trichoderma sp. AM6 +VAM containing tea root+synthetic microbial consortia (T5; NCBI Accession: SAMN33591154)] could enhance the total flavonoid content in tea seedlings by upregulating certain transcripts associated with the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway of tea.},
}
@article {pmid39902926,
year = {2025},
author = {Rahman, R and Fouhse, JM and Ju, T and Fan, Y and Bhardwaj, T and Brook, RK and Nosach, R and Harding, J and Willing, BP},
title = {The impact of wild-boar-derived microbiota transplantation on piglet microbiota, metabolite profile, and gut proinflammatory cytokine production differs from sow-derived microbiota.},
journal = {Applied and environmental microbiology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e0226524},
doi = {10.1128/aem.02265-24},
pmid = {39902926},
issn = {1098-5336},
abstract = {Colonization of co-evolved, species-specific microbes in early life plays a crucial role in gastrointestinal development and immune function. This study hypothesized that modern pig production practices have resulted in the loss of co-evolved species and critical symbiotic host-microbe interactions. To test this, we reintroduced microbes from wild boars (WB) into conventional piglets to explore their colonization dynamics and effects on gut microbial communities, metabolite profiles, and immune responses. At postnatal day (PND) 21, 48 piglets were assigned to four treatment groups: (i) WB-derived mixed microbial community (MMC), (ii) sow-derived MMC, (iii) a combination of WB and sow MMC (Mix), or (iv) Control (PBS). Post-transplantation analyses at PND 48 revealed distinct microbial communities in WB-inoculated piglets compared with Controls, with trends toward differentiation from Sow but not Mix groups. WB-derived microbes were more successful in colonizing piglets, particularly in the Mix group, where they competed with Sow-derived microbes. WB group cecal digesta enriched with Lactobacillus helveticus, Lactobacillus mucosae, and Lactobacillus pontis. Cecal metabolite analysis showed that WB piglets were enriched in histamine, acetyl-ornithine, ornithine, citrulline, and other metabolites, with higher histamine levels linked to Lactobacillus abundance. WB piglets exhibited lower cecal IL-1β and IL-6 levels compared with Control and Sow groups, whereas the Mix group showed reduced IFN-γ, IL-2, and IL-6 compared with the Sow group. No differences in weight gain, fecal scores, or plasma cytokines were observed, indicating no adverse effects. These findings support that missing WB microbes effectively colonize domestic piglets and may positively impact metabolite production and immune responses.IMPORTANCEThis study addresses the growing concern over losing co-evolved, species-specific microbes in modern agricultural practices, particularly in pig production. The implementation of strict biosecurity measures and widespread antibiotic use in conventional farming systems may disrupt crucial host-microbe interactions that are essential for gastrointestinal development and immune function. Our research demonstrates that by reintroducing wild boar-derived microbes into domestic piglets, these microbes can successfully colonize the gut, influence microbial community composition, and alter metabolite profiles and immune responses without causing adverse effects. These findings also suggest that these native microbes can fill an intestinal niche, positively impacting immune activation. This research lays the groundwork for future strategies to enhance livestock health and performance by restoring natural microbial populations that produce immune-modulating metabolites.},
}
@article {pmid39902384,
year = {2024},
author = {Murphy, R and Strube, ML and Schmidt, S and Silué, KS and Koné, NA and Rosendahl, S and Poulsen, M},
title = {Non-ribosomal peptide synthase profiles remain structurally similar despite minimally shared features across fungus-farming termite microbiomes.},
journal = {ISME communications},
volume = {4},
number = {1},
pages = {ycae094},
pmid = {39902384},
issn = {2730-6151},
abstract = {Fungus-farming termites (Macrotermitinae) engage in an obligate mutualism with members of the fungal genus Termitomyces, which they maintain as a monoculture on specialized comb structures. Both these comb structures and the guts of the termites host diverse bacterial communities that are believed to assist in sustaining monoculture farming through antagonist suppression. Among candidate bacteria-derived compounds serving this function are non-ribosomal peptides (NRPs), which are a highly bioactive class of specialized metabolites, frequently produced by symbionts within eukaryotic hosts. However, our understanding of specialized metabolites in termite-associated microbiomes is limited. Here we use amplicon sequencing to characterize both bacterial composition and NRP potential. We show that bacterial and NRP diversity are correlated and that the former varies more than the latter across termite host and gut and comb samples. Compositions of the two are governed by host species and sample type, with topological similarity indicating a diverse set of biosynthetic potential that is consistent with the long evolutionary history of the Macrotermitinae. The structure of both bacterial and NRP compositional networks varied similarly between guts and combs across the Macrotermitinae albeit with auxiliary termite genus-specific patterns. We observed minimal termite species-specific cores, with essentially no Macrotermitinae-wide core and an abundance of putatively novel biosynthetic gene clusters, suggesting that there is likely no single solution to antagonist suppression via specialized NRP metabolites. Our findings contribute to an improved understanding of the distribution of NRP potential in the farming termite symbiosis and will help guide targeted exploration of specialized metabolite production.},
}
@article {pmid39901714,
year = {2025},
author = {He, XL and Liang, ZH and Huang, ZH and Wu, Y and Liu, J and Huang, T and Liu, JB and Pi, JS and Zhang, H},
title = {Effects of stocking densities on growth, organ index, serum biochemistry, gut morphology and microbiota of young ducks in a rice-duck-crayfish coculture system.},
journal = {Animal bioscience},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.5713/ab.24.0488},
pmid = {39901714},
issn = {2765-0189},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: The rice-duck-crayfish (RDC) coculture system, an ecologically efficient breeding method, supports ducks' natural habits and enhances duck welfare. However, the optimal stocking density and its influence on duck health in this system remains undetermined. The study examined the effects of stocking densities on growth, organ index, serum biochemistry, gut morphology and microbiota of ducks in RDC system.<br><br>METHODS: A total of five hundred and forty 20-day-old Nonghu No. 2 ducks were randomly divided into low-density (8 birds/666.67 m2, LD), medium-density (12 birds/666.67 m2, MD) and high-density (16 birds/666.67 m2, HD) groups, with three replicates in each group, and the symbiosis period was up to 40 days until rice tasselling.<br><br>RESULTS: There were no significant differences in final body weight, average daily gain, or feed:gain ratio between groups (p>0.05); the liver and spleen indices of ducks in HD group were significantly greater than in LD group (p<0.05); the serum albumin concentration in HD group decreased, whereas creatine kinase activity increased (p<0.05); the ileal crypt depth significantly increased; and the ileal villus height and villus/crypt ratio significantly decreased in ducks in MD and HD groups than in LD group (p<0.05). Additionally, the abundance of cecal Deferribacterota and Spirochaetota increased significantly (p<0.05), while the abundance of Firmicutes decreased significantly (p<0.05) with increasing stocking density. Moreover, the increase in stocking density significantly decreased the abundance of some beneficial bacteria (Faecalibacterium and Fournierella) and increased the abundance of some harmful bacteria (Mucispirillum and Brachyspira) (p<0.05).<br><br>CONCLUSION: These preliminary results suggest that moderately high-density breeding doesn't significantly affect duck growth, but increased stocking density led to changes in cecal microbiota and dysbiosis. Reducing stocking density positively affects immune parameters and ileum morphology.However, due to the limited number of total replicates of the study, further research is needed to validate the reliability of the results.},
}
@article {pmid39901445,
year = {2025},
author = {Yao, Y and Yao, J and Xiong, S and Sun, Y and Lai, L and He, C and Jiang, S and Elsayad, K and Peng, H and Wu, A and Yang, F},
title = {Borrow Strength to Exert: Low-Crystallinity Prussian Blue for Reduction Overload Enhanced Photothermal Therapy.},
journal = {Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e2406145},
doi = {10.1002/smll.202406145},
pmid = {39901445},
issn = {1613-6829},
support = {32025021//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 31971292//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; //Youth Innovation Promotion Association/ ; 2022301//Chinese Academy of Sciences/ ; 2018-05-G//Ningbo 3315 Innovative Talent Project/ ; Z25C100007//Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang province/ ; 2024H006//International Cooperation Project of Ningbo City/ ; },
abstract = {The strategy "Borrow strength to exert" in Sun Tzu's Art of War refers to borrowing external forces to withstand the enemy. Inspired by this, applying this thought to cancer treatment can achieve a more efficient therapeutic effect. Therefore, a fulcrum to borrow the force is vital and significant. Compared with normal cells, tumor cells are more sensitive to redox stress owing to their abnormal redox metabolism. Herein, a regulatory protocol based on chloroauric acid (HAuCl4) is proposed to prepare small-size and low-crystallinity Prussian blue nanoparticles (LcPB NPs). Notably, LcPB NPs possess higher superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like enzyme activity to induce reduction overload and destroy metabolic processes and organelle functions, which leverages the redox status defect in tumors as the fulcrum. Due to the down-regulation of heat shock proteins (HSPs) mediated by redox imbalance, the inherent photothermal therapy (PTT) mode of LcPB NPs effectively inhibits tumor growth and disrupts calcium homeostasis. Additionally, LcPB NPs can improve the anticancer effect by inhibiting symbiotic bacteria. Meanwhile, their magnetic and optical response performance empowers magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and photoacoustic imaging (PAI) for tumor diagnosis. Therefore, this work executing the strategy "Borrowing strength to exert" by disturbing the redox balance represents a new antineoplastic paradigm.},
}
@article {pmid39900829,
year = {2025},
author = {Ren, Z and Zhang, L and Li, H and Yang, M and Wu, X and Hu, R and Lu, J and Wang, H and Wu, X and Wang, Z and Li, X},
title = {The BRUTUS iron sensor and E3 ligase facilitates soybean root nodulation by monoubiquitination of NSP1.},
journal = {Nature plants},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {39900829},
issn = {2055-0278},
support = {32330078//National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China)/ ; 3247150855//National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China)/ ; },
abstract = {Legumes form root nodules with symbiotic nitrogen-fixing rhizobacteria, which require ample iron to ensure symbiosis establishment and efficient nitrogen fixation. The functions and mechanisms of iron in nitrogen-fixing nodules are well established. However, the role of iron and the mechanisms by which legumes sense iron and incorporate this cue into nodulation signalling pathways remain unclear. Here we show that iron is a key driver of nodulation because symbiotic nodules cannot form without iron, even under conditions of sufficient light and low nitrogen. We further identify an iron optimum for soybean nodulation and the iron sensor BRUTUS A (BTSa) which acts as a hub for integrating iron and nodulation cues. BTSa is induced by rhizobia, binds to and is stabilized by iron. In turn, BTSa stabilizes and enhances the transcriptional activation activity of pro-nodulation transcription factor NSP1a by monoubiquitination from its RING domain and consequently activates nodulation signalling. Monoubiquitination of NSP1 by BTS is conserved in legumes to trigger nodulation under iron sufficiency. Thus, iron status is an essential cue to trigger nodulation and BTSa integrates cues from rhizobial infection and iron status to orchestrate host responses towards establishing symbiotic nitrogen fixation.},
}
@article {pmid39899217,
year = {2025},
author = {Maehara, S and Kumamoto, M and Nakajima, S and Hieda, Y and Watashi, K and Hata, T},
title = {Potent SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease inhibitor (+)-eupenoxide-3,6-diketone (IC50: 0.048 μM) was synthesized based on (+)-eupenoxide; lead from (+)-eupenoxide analogs study by endophytic fermentation.},
journal = {Journal of natural medicines},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {39899217},
issn = {1861-0293},
support = {JPMJSC15H1//Japan Science and Technology Corporation/ ; JPMJSC15H1//Japan Science and Technology Corporation/ ; JPMJMI22G1//JST-Mirai Program/ ; 23K06189//Japan Society for the Promotion of Science/ ; 24K02290//Japan Society for the Promotion of Science/ ; JP23fk0108590//Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development/ ; },
abstract = {Since the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak, research has been conducted on treatment and countermeasures against the causative severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). However, the development of new seeds is urgently needed because viruses have the characteristic of becoming resistant through mutation. We hypothesize that endophytes produce antiviral substances to combat foreign viruses in host plants. According to this hypothesis, the seeds of therapeutic agents for infectious diseases could be obtained from endophytes by culture experiments. This report found that Aspergillus sp. endophyte isolated from Catharanthus roseus produced (+)-eupenoxide and its 3-ketone form with anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity. In addition, (+)-eupenoxide-3,6-diketon was discovered as a new compound with potent 3C-like protease inhibitory activity (IC50: 0.048 μM) by synthesis based on (+)-eupenoxide. This finding could be an important evidence that endophytic fungi symbiosis with medicinal plants is useful as antiviral producers.},
}
@article {pmid39898265,
year = {2024},
author = {Boorboori, MR and Lackóová, L},
title = {Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and salinity stress mitigation in plants.},
journal = {Frontiers in plant science},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1504970},
pmid = {39898265},
issn = {1664-462X},
abstract = {In recent decades, climate change has caused a decrease in rainfall, increasing sea levels, temperatures rising, and as a result, an expansion in salt marshes across the globe. An increase in water and soil salinity has led to a decline in the cultivated areas in different areas, and consequently, a substantial decrease in crop production. Therefore, it has forced scientists to find cheap, effective and environmentally friendly methods to minimize salinity's impact on crops. One of the best strategies is to use beneficial soil microbes, including arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, in order to increase plant tolerance to salt. The findings of this review showed that salinity can severely impact the morphological, physiological, and biochemical structures of plants, lowering their productivity. Although plants have natural capabilities to deal with salinity, these capacities are limited depending on plant type, and variety, as well as salinity levels, and other environmental factors. Furthermore, result of the present review indicates that arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi have a significant effect on increasing plant resistance in saline soils by improving the soil structure, as well as stimulating various plant factors including photosynthesis, antioxidant defense system, secondary metabolites, absorption of water and nutrients.},
}
@article {pmid39897492,
year = {2025},
author = {Keleher, JG and Strope, TA and Estrada, NE and Griggs Mathis, AM and Easson, CG and Fiore, C},
title = {Freshwater sponges in the southeastern U.S. harbor unique microbiomes that are influenced by host and environmental factors.},
journal = {PeerJ},
volume = {13},
number = {},
pages = {e18807},
pmid = {39897492},
issn = {2167-8359},
mesh = {*Porifera/microbiology ; *Microbiota ; Animals ; *Fresh Water/microbiology ; North Carolina ; *Symbiosis ; Bacteria/classification/genetics/isolation &amp; purification ; },
abstract = {Marine, and more recently, freshwater sponges are known to harbor unique microbial symbiotic communities relative to the surrounding water; however, our understanding of the microbial ecology and diversity of freshwater sponges is vastly limited compared to those of marine sponges. Here we analyzed the microbiomes of three freshwater sponge species: Radiospongilla crateriformis, Eunapius fragilis, and Trochospongilla horrida, across four sites in western North Carolina, U.S.A. Our results support recent work indicating that freshwater sponges indeed harbor a distinct microbiome composition compared to the surrounding water and that these varied across sampling site indicating both environmental and host factors in shaping this distinct community. We also sampled sponges at one site over 3 months and observed that divergence in the microbial community between sponge and water occurs at least several weeks after sponges emerge for the growing season and that sponges maintain a distinct community from the water as the sponge tissue degrades. Bacterial taxa within the Gammproteobacteria, Alphproteobacteria, Bacteroidota (Flavobacteriia in particular), and Verrucomicrobia, were notable as enriched in the sponge relative to the surrounding water across sponge individuals with diverging microbial communities from the water. These results add novel information on the assembly and maintenance of microbial communities in an ancient metazoan host and is one of few published studies on freshwater sponge microbial symbiont communities.},
}
@article {pmid39895926,
year = {2025},
author = {Jeon, MJ and Park, S and Jeong, JC and Lim, J and Han, Y and Chi, WJ and Kim, S},
title = {Eight Fungal Species Associated with Ambrosia Beetles in Korea.},
journal = {Mycobiology},
volume = {53},
number = {1},
pages = {1-17},
pmid = {39895926},
issn = {1229-8093},
abstract = {Ambrosia fungi are well-known for their symbiotic interactions with ambrosia beetles, acting as a sole food source of larvae and adult beetles. As a first step to reveal these interactions, extensive survey on the fungal symbionts of ambrosia beetles dwelling in Korea. Eight fungal species isolated from 15 ambrosia beetle species were not known for their presence in Korea. Seven of these belonged to two orders of Ascomycota; Microascales (Ambrosiella beaveri, A. catenulate, and A. roeperi) and Ophiostomatales (Leptographium verrucosum, Raffaelea cyclorhipidii, R. subfusca, and Sporothrix eucastaneae) and one to Polyporales of Basidiomycota (Irpex subulatus). This is the first report of these species in Korea with taxonomic descriptions.},
}
@article {pmid39893978,
year = {2025},
author = {Hu, B and Hu, S and You, L and Chen, Z},
title = {Understanding arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi's contribution to hexabromocyclododecane metabolism: Pathways and ecological implications in contaminated environments.},
journal = {Journal of hazardous materials},
volume = {488},
number = {},
pages = {137396},
doi = {10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.137396},
pmid = {39893978},
issn = {1873-3336},
abstract = {This study investigates the role of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in the metabolism of hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) and its ecological effects in contaminated environments. We focused on the symbiotic relationships between Iris pseudacorus L. and AMF (Rhizophagus irregularis) under HBCD exposure. Our results show that HBCD induces oxidative damage, which hinders plant growth. However, AMF significantly enhance the plant's antioxidant defenses, reducing oxidative damage and supporting better growth of I. pseudacorus. HBCD biodegradation patterns showed β- > γ- > α-HBCD, with AMF playing a key role in stabilizing rhizosphere microbial communities, particularly promoting Proteobacteria and potential bacterial degraders like Aeromonas and Trichococcus, which contributed to HBCD removal. Additionally, AMF appear to upregulate genes such as cypD_E, GST, dehH, dehA, dehM, Em3.8.1.2, and ligB, which are involved in debromination and hydroxylation reactions. This research highlights AMF's potential to enhance the phytoremediation of HBCD, providing valuable insights for environmental remediation strategies.},
}
@article {pmid39893977,
year = {2025},
author = {Zhou, Y and Liu, F and Yuan, M and Liu, X and Li, Q and Zhao, H},
title = {Herbicide prometryn aggravates the detrimental effects of heat stress on the potential for mutualism of Symbiodiniaceae.},
journal = {Journal of hazardous materials},
volume = {488},
number = {},
pages = {137389},
doi = {10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.137389},
pmid = {39893977},
issn = {1873-3336},
abstract = {Ocean warming threatens the health of corals globally, and superimposed coastal environmental pollution can result in severe and irreversible coral bleaching. However, the responses of the coral symbiont Symbiodiniaceae to multiple stresses remain largely unknown. This study investigated the response of the coral symbiotic algae Cladocopium sp. to short-term exposure (4 days) to an environmentally relevant concentration (1 μg L[-1]) of the photosystem II (PSII) herbicide prometryn under heat stress (32 ℃) through physiological and omic analyses. These results showed that co-stress affected the photosynthetic efficiency of Cladocopium sp. negatively. Overproduction of reactive oxygen species and subsequent oxidative stress under co-stress activated distinct regulatory pathways in Cladocopium sp. Transcriptomic and proteomic analyses revealed that prometryn exacerbated heat stress-induced photosystem damage and reduced the regulatory capacity of Cladocopium sp. Moreover, co-stress disrupted energy metabolism, and further impaired nitrogen assimilation and nutrient transfer processes, potentially compromising the symbiotic potential between corals and Symbiodiniaceae. In summary, this study offers a valuable insight into understanding the molecular responses of Symbiodiniaceae to thermal and prometryn co-stress. It helps uncover the potential toxicity mechanisms induced by herbicide on coral symbionts in the context of climate change.},
}
@article {pmid39893934,
year = {2025},
author = {Zeng, S and Mo, S and Wu, X and Meng, C and Peng, P and Kashif, M and Li, J and He, S and Jiang, C},
title = {Microbial-mediated carbon metabolism in the subtropical marine mangroves affected by shrimp pond discharge.},
journal = {Marine environmental research},
volume = {205},
number = {},
pages = {106980},
doi = {10.1016/j.marenvres.2025.106980},
pmid = {39893934},
issn = {1879-0291},
abstract = {Mangrove ecosystems exhibit high efficiency in carbon (C) sequestering within the global ecosystem. However, the rapid expansion of the shrimp farming industry poses a significant threat to these delicate ecosystems. The microbial mechanisms driving C metabolism in shrimp-affected sediments remain poorly understood. This study investigates the spatiotemporal dynamics of C metabolism-related microbial communities in shrimp pond and natural mangrove sediments in a subtropical region. Shrimp pond discharge altered soil properties, microbial diversity, and microbial stability, driven by factors such as salinity, sulfide, and total organic C (TOC). Metagenomic analyses reveals shifts in C degradation and oxidation, with a reduction in genes for cellulose and hemicellulose degradation. Microbial markers like Prolixibacteraceae and Nitrosopumilaceae reflect these changes. Co-occurrence network analysis indicates higher connectivity within shrimp pond groups, suggesting nutrient-driven changes in symbiotic relationships. PLS-PM analysis further confirms the interplay between microbial composition, nutrient levels, and C metabolism, with higher 16S rRNA operon copy numbers linked to increased C fixation. These findings demonstrate how shrimp pond discharge alters microbial networks and C metabolism, with implications for ecosystem resilience.},
}
@article {pmid39891802,
year = {2025},
author = {Horikawa, A and Okubo, R and Hishikura, N and Watanabe, R and Kurashima-Ito, K and Sayeesh, PM and Inomata, K and Mishima, M and Koteishi, H and Sawai, H and Shiro, Y and Ikeya, T and Ito, Y},
title = {Backbone and side‑chain [1]H, [13]C and [15]N resonance assignments and secondary structure determination of the rhizobial FixJ.},
journal = {Biomolecular NMR assignments},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {39891802},
issn = {1874-270X},
abstract = {The symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacterium Bradyrhizobium japonicum (B.japonicum) enables high soybean yields with little or no nitrogen fertiliser. A two component regulatory system comprising FixL, a histidine kinase with O2-sensing activity, and FixJ, a response regulator, controls the expression of genes involved in nitrogen fixation, such as fixK and nifA. Only under anaerobic conditions, the monophosphate group is transferred from FixL to the N-terminal receiver domain of FixJ (FixJN), which eventually promote the association of the C-terminal effector domain (FixJC) to the promoter regions of the nitrogen-fixation-related genes. Structural biological analyses carried out so far for rhizobial FixJ molecules have proposed a solution structure for FixJ that differs from the crystal structures, in which the two domains are extended. To understand the FixJ activation caused by phosphorylation of the N-terminal domain, which presumably regulates through the interactions between FixJN and FixJC, here we have performed backbone and sidechain resonance assignments of the unphosphorylated state of B. japonicum FixJ.},
}
@article {pmid39891198,
year = {2025},
author = {Berdeja, MP and Reynolds, NK and Pawlowska, T and Heuvel, JEV},
title = {Commercial bioinoculants improve colonization but do not alter the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal community of greenhouse-grown grapevine roots.},
journal = {Environmental microbiome},
volume = {20},
number = {1},
pages = {15},
pmid = {39891198},
issn = {2524-6372},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are beneficial root symbionts contributing to improved plant growth and development and resistance to abiotic and biotic stresses. Commercial bioinoculants containing AMF are widely considered as an alternative to agrochemicals in vineyards. However, their effects on grapevine plants grown in soil containing native communities of AMF are still poorly understood. In a greenhouse experiment, we evaluated the influence of five different bioinoculants on the composition of native AMF communities of young Cabernet Sauvignon vines grown in a non-sterile soil. Root colonization, leaf nitrogen concentration, plant biomass and root morphology were assessed, and AMF communities of inoculated and non-inoculated grapevine roots were profiled using high-throughput sequencing.<br><br>RESULTS: Contrary to our predictions, no differences in the microbiome of plants exposed to native AMF communities versus commercial AMF bioinoculants&#x2009;+&#x2009;native AMF communities were detected in roots. However, inoculation induced positive changes in root traits as well as increased AMF colonization, plant biomass, and leaf nitrogen. Most of these desirable functional traits were positively correlated with the relative abundance of operational taxonomic units identified as Glomus, Rhizophagus and Claroideoglomus genera.<br><br>CONCLUSION: These results suggest synergistic interactions between commercial AMF bioinoculants and native AMF communities of roots to promote grapevine growth. Long-term studies with further genomics, metabolomics and physiological research are needed to provide a deeper understanding of the symbiotic interaction among grapevine roots, bioinoculants and natural AMF communities and their role to promote plant adaptation to current environmental concerns.},
}
@article {pmid39891167,
year = {2025},
author = {Marangon, E and Rädecker, N and Li, JYQ and Terzin, M and Buerger, P and Webster, NS and Bourne, DG and Laffy, PW},
title = {Destabilization of mutualistic interactions shapes the early heat stress response of the coral holobiont.},
journal = {Microbiome},
volume = {13},
number = {1},
pages = {31},
pmid = {39891167},
issn = {2049-2618},
mesh = {*Anthozoa/microbiology/physiology ; *Symbiosis ; Animals ; *Heat-Shock Response/physiology ; *Dinoflagellida/physiology/genetics ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics ; Coral Reefs ; Microbiota/physiology ; Hot Temperature ; Bacteria/classification/genetics/metabolism ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The stability of the symbiotic relationship between coral and their dinoflagellate algae (Symbiodiniaceae) is disrupted by ocean warming. Although the coral thermal response depends on the complex interactions between host, Symbiodiniaceae and prokaryotes, the mechanisms underlying the initial destabilization of these symbioses are poorly understood.<br><br>RESULTS: In a 2-month manipulative experiment, we exposed the coral Porites lutea to gradually increasing temperatures corresponding to 0-8 degree heating weeks (DHW) and assessed the response of the coral holobiont using coral and Symbiodiniaceae transcriptomics, microbial 16S rRNA gene sequencing and physiological measurements. From early stages of heat stress (<&#x2009;1 DHW), the increase in metabolic turnover shifted the holobiont to a net heterotrophic state in which algal-derived nutrients were insufficient to meet host energy demands, resulting in reduced holobiont performance at 1 DHW. We postulate the altered nutrient cycling also affected the coral-associated microbial community, with the relative abundance of Endozoicomonas bacteria declining under increasing heat stress. Integration of holobiont stress responses correlated this decline to an increase in expression of a host ADP-ribosylation factor, suggesting that Symbiodiniaceae and Endozoicomonas may underlie similar endosymbiotic regulatory processes.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: The thermotolerance of coral holobionts therefore is influenced by the nutritional status of its members and their interactions, and this identified metabolic interdependency highlights the importance of applying an integrative approach to guide coral reef conservation efforts. Video Abstract.},
}
@article {pmid39889985,
year = {2025},
author = {Zuo, X and Xu, Y and Jiang, GRD and Liu, C},
title = {Licorice endophytes activate glycyrrhizin synthesis metabolic flux through feedback of β-glucuronidase conversion activity.},
journal = {International journal of biological macromolecules},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {140484},
doi = {10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.140484},
pmid = {39889985},
issn = {1879-0003},
abstract = {Terpenoids are widely distributed in plants and are often used as defense molecules in plant-microbe interactions. However, endophytic microorganisms usually establish a better symbiotic relationship with their hosts by secreting enzymes to avoid defense plant metabolites. This study evaluated the in vitro biotransformation activity of licorice endophytic fungi on glycyrrhizin and further explored the molecular regulation of their in vivo colonization on the licorice growth and metabolism. The results indicated that licorice endophytic fungi generally possessed the ability to bio-transform glycyrrhizin, with Z6 and Z15 exhibiting glycyrrhizin-induced β-glucuronidase activity. The Z6GH2 and Z15GH2 proteins were identified to hydrolyze glycyrrhizin in different ways by prokaryotic and eukaryotic experiments. In vivo re-infestation of licorice by Z6 and Z15 revealed significant promotion of glycyrrhizin biosynthesis and accumulation by regulating the expression levels of genes involved in glycolysis and glycyrrhizin biosynthesis pathway in licorice. These findings were further validated in J3, which has glycyrrhizin biotransformation properties. In summary, this study reveals the molecular mechanism by which endophytic fungi with glycyrrhizin β-glucuronidase activity promote glycyrrhizin biosynthesis and accumulation in licorice through feedback regulation of its metabolic flux. These finding highlight the importance of endophytic fungi in regulating the accumulation of active ingredients in medicinal plants.},
}
@article {pmid39889806,
year = {2025},
author = {Zang, J and Yin, F and Liu, Z and Li, F and Zhang, Y},
title = {Bacteria-tumor symbiosis destructible novel nanocatalysis drug delivery systems for effective tumor therapy.},
journal = {Nanomedicine (London, England)},
volume = {20},
number = {3},
pages = {305-318},
doi = {10.1080/17435889.2024.2443388},
pmid = {39889806},
issn = {1748-6963},
mesh = {Humans ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome/drug effects ; *Colorectal Neoplasms/drug therapy/microbiology/pathology ; *Fusobacterium nucleatum/drug effects ; Animals ; Symbiosis ; Drug Delivery Systems/methods ; Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology/administration &amp; dosage ; Nanostructures/chemistry ; },
abstract = {Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a significant threat to human health. The dynamic equilibrium between probiotics and pathogenic bacteria within the gut microbiota is crucial in mitigating the risk of CRC. An overgrowth of harmful microorganisms in the gastrointestinal tract can result in an excessive accumulation of bacterial toxins and carcinogenic metabolites, thereby disrupting the delicate balance of the microbiota. This disruption may lead to alterations in microbial composition, impairment of mucosal barrier function, potential promotion of abnormal cell proliferation, and ultimately contribute to the progression of CRC. Recently, research has indicated that intestinal presence of Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn) significantly influences the onset, progression, and metastasis of CRC. Consequently, disrupting the interaction between CRC cells and Fn presents a promising strategy against CRC. Nanomaterials have been extensively utilized in cancer therapy and bacterial infection control, demonstrating substantial potential in treating bacteria-associated tumors. This review begins by elucidating the mechanisms of gut microbiota and the occurrence and progression of CRC, with a particular emphasis on clarifying the intricate relationship between Fn and CRC. Subsequently, we highlight strategies that utilize nanomaterials to disrupt the association between Fn and CRC. Overall, this review offers valuable insight and guidance for leveraging nanomaterials in CRC therapy.},
}
@article {pmid39889699,
year = {2025},
author = {Tagirdzhanova, G and Scharnagl, K and Sahu, N and Yan, X and Bucknell, A and Bentham, AR and Jégousse, C and Ament-Velásquez, SL and Onuț-Brännström, I and Johannesson, H and MacLean, D and Talbot, NJ},
title = {Complexity of the lichen symbiosis revealed by metagenome and transcriptome analysis of Xanthoria parietina.},
journal = {Current biology : CB},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.cub.2024.12.041},
pmid = {39889699},
issn = {1879-0445},
abstract = {Lichens are composite, symbiotic associations of fungi, algae, and bacteria that result in large, anatomically complex organisms adapted to many of the world's most challenging environments. How such intricate, self-replicating lichen architectures develop from simple microbial components remains unknown because of their recalcitrance to experimental manipulation. Here, we report a metagenomic and metatranscriptomic analysis of the lichen Xanthoria parietina at different developmental stages. We identified 168 genomes of symbionts and lichen-associated microbes across the sampled thalli, including representatives of green algae, three different classes of fungi, and 14 bacterial phyla. By analyzing the occurrence of individual species across lichen thalli from diverse environments, we defined both substrate-specific and core microbial components of the lichen. Metatranscriptomic analysis of the principal fungal symbiont from three different developmental stages of a lichen, compared with axenically grown fungus, revealed differential gene expression profiles indicative of lichen-specific transporter functions, specific cell signaling, transcriptional regulation, and secondary metabolic capacity. Putative immunity-related proteins and lichen-specific structurally conserved secreted proteins resembling fungal pathogen effectors were also identified, consistent with a role for immunity modulation in lichen morphogenesis.},
}
@article {pmid39887637,
year = {2025},
author = {Cagatay, NS and Akhoundi, M and Izri, A and Brun, S and Hurst, GDD},
title = {Prevalence of Heritable Symbionts in Parisian Bedbugs (Hemiptera: Cimicidae).},
journal = {Environmental microbiology reports},
volume = {17},
number = {1},
pages = {e70054},
pmid = {39887637},
issn = {1758-2229},
support = {//T&#xdc;B&#x130;TAK [The Scientific and Technological Research Council of T&#xfc;rkiye]/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Symbiosis ; *Bedbugs/microbiology/genetics ; *Wolbachia/genetics/isolation &amp; purification/classification ; Paris ; DNA, Mitochondrial/genetics ; Haplotypes ; Prevalence ; },
abstract = {Like many insects, the biology of bedbugs is impacted by a range of partner heritable microbes. Three maternally inherited symbionts are recognised: Wolbachia (an obligate partner), Symbiopectobacterium purcellii strain SyClec, and Candidatus Tisiphia sp. (facultative symbionts typically present in some but not all individuals). Past work had examined the presence of these heritable microbes from established laboratory lines, but not from broader field samples. We therefore deployed targeted endpoint PCR assays to determine the symbiont infection status for 50 bedbugs collected from 10 districts of Paris during the 2023 outbreak. All three symbionts were found to be broadly present across Cimex lectularius samples, with the Symbiopectobacterium-Candidatus Tisiphia-Wolbachia triple infection most commonly observed. A minority of individuals lacked either one or both facultative symbionts. Five mtDNA haplotypes were observed across the COI barcode region, and triple infections were found in all mtDNA haplotypes, indicating that symbiont infection is not a recent invasion event. We conclude that the Parisian bedbug outbreak was one in which the host's secondary symbionts were present at high-frequency coinfections, and facultative symbionts are an important but uncharacterised component of bedbug populations.},
}
@article {pmid39886864,
year = {2025},
author = {Herrera-Cardoso, ED and Tapia-Cervantes, KA and Cepeda-Negrete, J and Gutiérrez-Vargas, S and León-Galván, MF},
title = {Isolation and identification of Lactobacillus species from gut microbiota of Aegiale hesperiaris (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae) larvae.},
journal = {FEMS microbiology letters},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/femsle/fnaf015},
pmid = {39886864},
issn = {1574-6968},
abstract = {Entomophagy, the practice of consuming insects, is a global tradition. In Mexico, one of the most notable and widely consumed insects is the larva of Aegiale hesperiaris. This insect feeds on the leaves of various Agave species with high polysaccharide content, suggesting their potential role as prebiotics for the intestinal microbiota, particularly lactic acid bacteria (LAB). LAB are recognized for their use as probiotics in foods due to their health-promoting capabilities. In this study, LAB from the intestinal microbiota of A. hesperiaris larvae were isolated and characterized, utilizing 16S rRNA gene identification. The analysis revealed three bacterial species from the Lactobacillaceae family, indicating a close symbiotic relationship with the insect. This suggests a significant impact on carbohydrate and protein metabolism, vitamin synthesis, and amino acid production, contributing to the high nutritional value of this edible insect. The study provides insights into the bacteria within the digestive tract of A. hesperiaris larvae and their role in enhancing the nutritional value of this edible insect. Additionally, it establishes a foundation for future research on the ecological roles and potential biotechnological benefits of these bacteria in the food industry and the development of therapies for various conditions and diseases.},
}
@article {pmid39886814,
year = {2025},
author = {Junker, AD and Chen, JZ and DuBose, JG and Gerardo, NM},
title = {Dynamic reciprocal morphological changes in insect hosts and bacterial symbionts.},
journal = {The Journal of experimental biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1242/jeb.249474},
pmid = {39886814},
issn = {1477-9145},
support = {2023-67012-40012//National Institute of Food and Agriculture/ ; 2019-67013-29371//National Institute of Food and Agriculture/ ; },
abstract = {Symbiotic interactions, central to most life on Earth, are interwoven associations that vary in intimacy and duration. Some of the most well-known examples of symbioses occur between animals and gut bacteria. These associations lead to physiological integration of host and symbionts. The diversity of microbes within animal hosts can make studying them technically challenging. Thus, most science heavily focuses on the animal side of symbioses, limiting study of the microbial symbionts to characterization of their genetic and functional diversity. These limitations are minimized in Heteropteran insects that have specialized midguts that separately house single symbiont species away from ingested food. These insect-bacteria associations allow us to address fundamental questions as to how both hosts and symbionts change to establish a cooperative relationship. In this study, through ex vivo and in vivo observations of cellular behaviors, we explore concurrent structural and cellular dynamics in both the squash bug host (Anasa tristis) and its Caballeronia zhejiangensis symbionts during the initiation of symbiosis. We elucidate how C. zhejiangensis is sequestered within a specialized symbiotic organ within the A. tristis midgut, how the symbiont uses active motility to reach the symbiotic organ, how symbionts colonize host crypts within the organ and how host crypt morphogenesis progresses during the initiation of symbiotic interactions. Our findings provide insight into how dynamic cellular activity and morphological development reciprocally change in both host and symbiont as they establish symbiotic interactions.},
}
@article {pmid39886690,
year = {2024},
author = {Yang, M and Lei, C and Ma, C and Hou, X and Yao, M and Mi, L and Liu, E and Xu, L and Wang, S and Liu, C and Chen, Q and Xin, D and Xu, C and Wang, J},
title = {GmWRKY33a is a hub gene responsive to brassinosteroid signaling that suppresses nodulation in soybean (Glycine max).},
journal = {Frontiers in plant science},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1507307},
pmid = {39886690},
issn = {1664-462X},
abstract = {Brassinosteroids (BRs) are key phytohormones influencing soybean development, yet their role in symbiosis remains unclear. Here, the RNA-Seq was used to identify important gene associated with BRs and symbiotic nitrogen fixation, and the function of candidate gene was verified by transgenic hairy roots. The result shows that the RNA-Seq analysis was conducted in which BR signaling was found to suppress nodule formation and many DEGs enriched in immunity-related pathways. WGCNA analyses led to the identification of GmWRKY33a as being responsive to BR signaling in the context of symbiosis establishment. Transgenic hairy roots analyses indicated that GmWRKY33a served as a negative regulator of the establishment of symbiosis. The qRT-PCR analysis confirmed that BR signaling upregulates GmWRKY33a, leading to nodulation suppression and activation of soybean immune responses. In summary, our research revealed that BR suppresses root nodule formation by modulating the immune signaling pathway in soybean roots. We further identified that GmWRKY33a, a crucial transcription factor in BR signaling, plays a negative role in the symbiotic establishment.},
}
@article {pmid39885562,
year = {2025},
author = {Grieves, LA and Gloor, GB},
title = {Uropygial gland microbiota of nearctic-neotropical migrants vary with season and migration distance.},
journal = {Animal microbiome},
volume = {7},
number = {1},
pages = {11},
pmid = {39885562},
issn = {2524-4671},
abstract = {Symbiotic microbiota are important drivers of host behaviour, health, and fitness. While most studies focus on humans, model organisms, and domestic or economically important species, research investigating the role of host microbiota in wild populations is rapidly accumulating. Most studies focus on the gut microbiota; however, skin and other glandular microbiota also play an important role in shaping traits that may impact host fitness. The uropygial gland is an important source of chemical cues and harbours diverse microbes that could mediate chemical communication in birds, so determining the factors most important in shaping host microbiota should improve our understanding of microbially-mediated chemical communication. Hypothesizing that temporal, geographic, and taxonomic effects influence host microbiota, we evaluated the effects of season, migration distance, and taxonomy on the uropygial gland microbiota of 18 passerine species from 11 families. By sampling 473 birds at a single stopover location during spring and fall migration and using 16S rRNA sequencing, we demonstrate that season, followed by migration distance, had the strongest influence on uropygial gland microbial community composition. While statistically significant, taxonomic family and species had only weak effects on gland microbiota. Given that temporal effects on gland microbiota were nearly ubiquitous among the species we tested, determining the consequences of and mechanisms driving this seasonal variation are important next steps.},
}
@article {pmid39884621,
year = {2025},
author = {Dhayalan, A and P D, KJ and Manoharan, S and Nadeem, A and Govindasamy, B and Pachiappan, P and Vasudhevan, P},
title = {Fish gut symbiotic bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis: RSM optimization for its extracellular lipase enzyme production, lipase-protein purification, characterization, and docking analysis.},
journal = {International journal of biological macromolecules},
volume = {301},
number = {},
pages = {140428},
doi = {10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.140428},
pmid = {39884621},
issn = {1879-0003},
abstract = {Lipase enzymes play a vital role in digestion and nutrient metabolism in host organisms, with symbiotic bacteria producing abundant enzymes, carbohydrates, vitamins, and other nutrients. This study aimed to isolate, identify, and screen lipase-producing bacteria from the gut of Systomus sarana, optimize enzyme production using Response Surface Methodology (RSM), and characterize the extracted lipase protein. A total of 11 bacterial strains were isolated and identified through 16S rRNA sequencing. Among these, Bacillus thuringiensis (SS5) exhibited the highest enzyme index (5.46 mm) and crude enzyme activity (109 U/mL). Using RSM optimization, growth conditions were refined to pH 7.5, temperature 35 °C, incubation time 30 h, with 2.3 % peptone and 2.34 % lactose, resulting in enhanced lipase production of 210 U/mL. The partially purified protein (~30 kDa) was characterized by SDS-PAGE and FTIR spectroscopy, revealed functional groups such as acids, aliphatic amines, and aromatics. MALDI-TOF/MS analysis identified eight peptides, with one major peptide sequence (IYVYYSDIMHVMNTMGQR). The modelled protein structure based on 259 amino acids was validated through homology modeling. Molecular docking studies demonstrated strong binding affinities (-7.36 to -8.95 kcal/mol) between the lipase protein and fatty acids (linoleic acid, linolenic acid, oleic acid, palmitic acid) as well as tripalmitin. These findings highlight the potential of fish gut-derived Bacillus thuringiensis as a valuable source of lipase enzymes for industrial applications such as bioremediation and biodiesel production. Further exploration of these bacterial enzymes within their native ecosystems is recommended to expand their biotechnological utility.},
}
@article {pmid39883607,
year = {2025},
author = {Hemmler, KS and Camara, B and Buerkert, A},
title = {Social ecology of artisanal sand mining in the Niger River around Bamako, Mali.},
journal = {PloS one},
volume = {20},
number = {1},
pages = {e0318029},
pmid = {39883607},
issn = {1932-6203},
mesh = {Mali ; *Mining ; *Rivers ; *Sand ; Humans ; Female ; Male ; },
abstract = {Sand, shaping both natural waterways and urban infrastructure, has recently seen a major surge in extraction, particularly in rapidly urbanizing regions like West Africa. To assess the organization, quantification, and socio-ecological implications of sand mining around Mali's capital Bamako, we employed a mixed methods approach including structured and unstructured interviews, truck counts, turbidity analyses, and river depth measurements. Our study identified five artisanal systems for mining sand and gravel from the Niger River, using tied-up pirogues, single pirogues, carts, tractors, and trucks. Recent increases in extracted quantities, workforce size, and sand prices were observed, resulting in an estimated annual extraction of 4.86 million m3 in 2022, mainly sourced from upstream of Bamako. With extraction rates surpassing natural replenishment, the riverbed in the study communities of Gouni and Usine Toch has reportedly lowered by 1.4 m and 1.8 m during the last 50 years. Mining activities are highly informal, characterized by self-organization, low and irregular salaries, and unsafe working conditions, particularly for women. Economically, sand mining activities have created symbiotic relationships rather than conflicts with local farming, fishing and other livelihoods. Sand mining operations did not significantly affect the Niger River's water turbidity, which varied primarily with seasonal rainfall fluctuations. Recent developments suggest that mining activities are accelerating, with mechanized practices likely to replace current artisanal methods and underlying social structures.},
}
@article {pmid39883363,
year = {2024},
author = {Cecchini, P and Nitta, T and Sena, E and Du, ZY},
title = {Saving coral reefs: significance and biotechnological approaches for coral conservation.},
journal = {Advanced biotechnology},
volume = {2},
number = {4},
pages = {42},
pmid = {39883363},
issn = {2948-2801},
support = {2020-38500-32559//U.S. Department of Agriculture/ ; 2022-38500-38099//U.S. Department of Agriculture/ ; },
abstract = {Coral reefs are highly productive ecosystems that provide valuable services to coastal communities worldwide. However, both local and global anthropogenic stressors, threaten the coral-algal symbiosis that enables reef formation. This breakdown of the symbiotic relationship, known as bleaching, is often triggered by cumulative cell damage. UV and heat stress are commonly implicated in bleaching, but other anthropogenic factors may also play a role. To address coral loss, active restoration is already underway in many critical regions. Additionally, coral researchers are exploring assisted evolution methods for greater coral resilience to projected climate change. This review provides an overview of the symbiotic relationship, the mechanisms underlying coral bleaching in response to stressors, and the strategies being pursued to address coral loss. Despite the necessity of ongoing research in all aspects of this field, action on global climate change remains crucial for the long-term survival of coral reefs.},
}
@article {pmid39883080,
year = {2025},
author = {Liang, SM and Abeer, H and Elsayed, FAA and Wu, QS},
title = {Transcriptomic analysis reveals potential roles of polyamine and proline metabolism in waterlogged peach roots inoculated with Funneliformis mosseae and Serendipita indica.},
journal = {Tree physiology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/treephys/tpaf013},
pmid = {39883080},
issn = {1758-4469},
abstract = {Root-associated endophytic fungi can create symbiotic relationships with trees to enhance stress tolerance, but the underlying mechanisms, especially with regard to waterlogging tolerance, remain unclear. This study aimed to elucidate the effects of Funneliformis mosseae and Serendipita indica on the growth, root cross-section structure, and root transcriptional responses of peach under waterlogging stress, with a focus on polyamine and proline metabolism. Genes and transcription factors associated with secondary cell wall biosynthesis were selected, and their expression profiles were analyzed. F. mosseae significantly increased the height, stem diameter, and leaf number of peach seedlings subjected to two weeks of waterlogging stress, whereas S. indica only significantly improved stem diameter. Both fungal species substantially increased root diameter, stele diameter, the number of late metaxylem inside the stele, and late metaxylem diameter, thus improving aeration within inoculated roots under waterlogging stress. Transcriptomic analysis of waterlogged roots identified 5425 and 5646 differentially expressed genes following inoculation with F. mosseae and S. indica, respectively. The arginine and proline metabolism and arginine biosynthesis pathways were enriched following fungal inoculations. Both fungi reduced the conversion of glutamate and ornithine for proline synthesis. However, S. indica promoted peptide-to-proline conversion by up-regulating the expression of PIPs. Although both fungi promoted the expression of genes involved in arginine and ornithine synthesis pathway, only F. mosseae led to increased levels of arginine and ornithine. Additionally, F. mosseae promoted the accumulation of putrescine and maintained polyamine homeostasis by down-regulating PAO2 and SAMDC. Moreover, F. mosseae facilitated the metabolism of cadaverine. In conclusion, both F. mosseae and S. indica formed symbiotic relationships with peach, with F. mosseae primarily improving polyamine accumulation and S. indica predominantly facilitating proline accumulation for enhanced waterlogging resistance.},
}
@article {pmid39881995,
year = {2024},
author = {Sodhi, GK and Wijesekara, T and Kumawat, KC and Adhikari, P and Joshi, K and Singh, S and Farda, B and Djebaili, R and Sabbi, E and Ramila, F and Sillu, D and Santoyo, G and de Los Santos-Villalobos, S and Kumar, A and Pellegrini, M and Mitra, D},
title = {Nanomaterials-plants-microbes interaction: plant growth promotion and stress mitigation.},
journal = {Frontiers in microbiology},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1516794},
pmid = {39881995},
issn = {1664-302X},
abstract = {Soil salinization, extreme climate conditions, and phytopathogens are abiotic and biotic stressors that remarkably reduce agricultural productivity. Recently, nanomaterials have gained attention as effective agents for agricultural applications to mitigate such stresses. This review aims to critically appraise the available literature on interactions involving nanomaterials, plants, and microorganisms. This review explores the role of nanomaterials in enhancing plant growth and mitigating biotic and abiotic stresses. These materials can be synthesized by microbes, plants, and algae, and they can be applied as fertilizers and stress amelioration agents. Nanomaterials facilitate nutrient uptake, improve water retention, and enhance the efficiency of active ingredient delivery. Nanomaterials strengthen plant antioxidant systems, regulate photosynthesis, and stabilize hormonal pathways. Concurrently, their antimicrobial and protective properties provide resilience against biotic stressors, including pathogens and pests, by promoting plant immune responses and optimizing microbial-plant symbiosis. The synergistic interactions of nanomaterials with beneficial microorganisms optimize plant growth under stress conditions. These materials also serve as carriers of nutrients, growth regulators, and pesticides, thus acting like "smart fertilizers. While nanotechnology offers great promise, addressing potential environmental and ecotoxicological risks associated with their use is necessary. This review outlines pathways for leveraging nanotechnology to achieve resilient, sustainable, and climate-smart agricultural systems by integrating molecular insights and practical applications.},
}
@article {pmid39881990,
year = {2024},
author = {Xiao, J and He, Z and He, X and Lin, Y and Kong, X},
title = {Tracing microbial community across endophyte-to-saprotroph continuum of Cinnamomum camphora (L.) Presl leaves considering priority effect of endophyte on litter decomposition.},
journal = {Frontiers in microbiology},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1518569},
pmid = {39881990},
issn = {1664-302X},
abstract = {Endophytes typically coexist with plants in symbiosis and transition into the saprobic system as plant tissues senesce, participating in the decomposition process of litter. However, the dynamic changes of endophytic communities during this process and their role in litter decomposition remain unclear. This study tracked the microbial composition across the transition from live leaves to litter in Cinnamomum camphora (L.) Presl (C. camphora), evaluating the contribution of endophytes to litter decomposition by examining microbial diversity, community assembly, and co-occurrence networks along the endophyte-to-saprotroph spectrum. The results revealed increasing bacterial diversity but stable fungal diversity, and the diversity of endogenous microbes is mirrored this in the saprophytic phase. Bacterial community assembly was characterized by deterministic processes during the symbiotic phase, shifted to stochastic processes during the saprophytic phase. In contrast, fungal community assembly was predominantly driven by stochastic processes throughout the continuum. Out of the 49 keystone taxa identified, only Pseudorhodoplanes sinuspersici demonstrated a significant positive correlation with community assembly. All identified bacterial keystone taxa during the saprophytic phase originated from endophytic sources, and around 80% of the fungal keystone taxa in the initial stages of decomposition were similarly endophytic in origin. Additionally, 60% of the dominant bacterial taxa and 28% of the dominant fungal taxa at the commencement of decomposition were of endophytic descent. This suggests that endogenous microbes possess the potential to evolve into both keystone and dominant taxa during the saprophytic phase. Endogenous keystone and dominant microbes both exhibited significant correlations with microbial network, indicating their substantial ecological presence in microbial community. Both endogenous keystone and dominant taxa exerted significant potential influences on litter decomposition. Overall, during the saprophytic phase, endophytes are likely to influence the assemblage of microbial communities, the network structure, and decomposition-related functions. Specifically, it appears that bacterial endophytes may possess a greater adaptability to the decomposition processes of leaf litter compared to their fungal counterparts.},
}
@article {pmid39881987,
year = {2024},
author = {Yan, S and Zhang, Q and Jia, S and Guo, M and Zhang, Q and Gu, P},
title = {Endophytic strategies decoded by genome and transcriptome analysis of Fusarium nematophilum strain NQ8GII4.},
journal = {Frontiers in microbiology},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1487022},
pmid = {39881987},
issn = {1664-302X},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Fusarium nematophilum strain NQ8GII4 is an endophytic fungus with significant potential for improving growth and disease resistance of alfalfa. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the symbiotic relationship between NQ8GII4 and alfalfa roots remain poorly understood.<br><br>METHODS: In this study, we conducted (1) a comparative genomic analysis of selected saprophytic, pathogenic, and endophytic fungi, including molecular phylogeny analysis, whole-genome alignment, and divergence date estimation positioning, and (2) transcriptomic profiling of alfalfa roots infected with NQ8GII4.<br><br>RESULTS: Our findings reveal that NQ8GII4 is genetically closely related to F. solani, suggesting it diverged from Fusarium phytopathogens. During the early stages of symbiosis establishment, genes encoding glycosyltransferases (GTs), fungal cell wall-degrading enzymes (FCWDEs), and steroid-14&#x3b1;-demethylase (CYP51) were significantly downregulated, potentially suppressing hyphal growth of the fungus. Once symbiosis was established, NQ8GII4 secreted effectors that activated plant immunity, which in turn could slow growth of the fungus. Moreover, genes involved in secondary metabolite biosynthesis, such as type I polyketide synthases (T1PKS) and non-ribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs), were significantly downregulated. Homologs of autophagy-related genes, including ATG1, ATG2, ATG11, and others, were also downregulated, suggesting that reduced phytotoxin production and autophagy inhibition is a consequence of NQ8GII4's symbiosis.<br><br>DISCUSSION: This study investigated the comprehensive molecular and genetic mechanisms governing the interaction between NQ8GII4 and alfalfa roots. Beyond the NQ8GII4-alfalfa system, these findings also provide a valuable molecular framework for understanding the mechanism of interactions between endophytic fungi and their host plants.},
}
@article {pmid39881730,
year = {2024},
author = {Delpiano, CA and Rios, RS and Barraza-Zepeda, CE and Pozo, MJ and Aguilera, LE and Loayza, AP},
title = {Arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization defines root ecological strategies in an extreme arid environment.},
journal = {Frontiers in plant science},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1488383},
pmid = {39881730},
issn = {1664-462X},
abstract = {The symbiosis between mycorrhizae fungi and plant roots is essential for plant establishment in nearly all terrestrial ecosystems. However, the role of mycorrhizal colonization (colM) in shaping root ecological strategies remains poorly understood. Emerging research identifies colM as a key trait influencing the multidimensional covariation of root traits within the Root Economic Space (RES), where a 'collaboration gradient' is proposed. At one end of this gradient, species with larger root diameters (RD) rely on colM for resource acquisition through an 'outsourcing' strategy, while at the other end, species with finer roots and greater exploration capacity employ a 'do it yourself' strategy to acquire resources independently. Although the RES framework has improved our understanding of root strategies, the relationship between colM and root traits in desert ecosystems remains underexplored, particularly in hyper-arid environments, where limited resources can constrain both plant and mycorrhizal survival. In this study, we examine the root ecological strategies of 32 dominant shrub species in Chile's Coastal Atacama Desert, focusing on the link between specific root traits and colM. We found that larger RD correlated with higher levels of colM, supporting the 'outsourcing' strategy within the 'collaboration gradient' hypothesis of the RES. Additionally, RD and colM emerged as playing key roles in defining both dimensions of root ecological strategies. Moreover, we identified colM as a central hub trait in the root phenotypic network, underscoring its role in survival strategies under hyper-arid conditions. These findings emphasize the critical importance of colM in modulating plant ecological strategies and highlight the need to further investigate how AM enhances root lifespan and optimizes resource uptake in extreme environments.},
}
@article {pmid39881025,
year = {2025},
author = {Haider, K and Sufian, M and Abbas, D and Kabir, K and Ali, MS and Kausar, Y and Ghafar, MA},
title = {The Role of Gut Microbiota in Shaping Immune Responses in Tephritidae Fruit Fly and Prospective Implications for Management.},
journal = {Neotropical entomology},
volume = {54},
number = {1},
pages = {34},
pmid = {39881025},
issn = {1678-8052},
mesh = {*Tephritidae/immunology/microbiology ; Animals ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; Symbiosis ; Pest Control, Biological ; },
abstract = {The interaction of microbial communities with host immunity has become one of the most explored research areas with significant implications for pest control strategies. It has been found that the gut microbiota plays substantial roles in immune response regulation and host-gut microbiome symbiosis, as well as in pathogen resistance and overall fitness in Tephritidae fruit flies that are major pests of agricultural importance. In this review, we discuss the modulation of immune responses of Tephritidae fruit flies by the gut microbiota with particular emphasis on the general interactions between microbiota and the immune system. These interactions help to unravel new horizons of pest management. Regulating gut microbiota modifies the performance of biological control agents and SIT and allows the creation of microbial therapies that affect the vital physiological functions of fruit flies. Besides, deploying microbes that can modulate the immune response and using microbial-derived signals provide an eco-friendly and more sustainable way of eradicating chemical pesticides and making farming systems less susceptible to climatic variability. This paper reviews various aspects of the possibility of using gut microbiota for changing the approach to Integrated Pest Management (IPM) programs that would improve methods of controlling Tephritidae fruit fly populations more ecologically.},
}
@article {pmid39880954,
year = {2025},
author = {Huang, Y and Igarashi, K and Liu, L and Mayumi, D and Ujiie, T and Fu, L and Yang, M and Lu, Y and Cheng, L and Kato, S and Nobu, MK},
title = {Methanol transfer supports metabolic syntrophy between bacteria and archaea.},
journal = {Nature},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {39880954},
issn = {1476-4687},
abstract = {In subsurface methanogenic ecosystems, the ubiquity of methylated-compound-using archaea-methylotrophic methanogens[1-4]-implies that methylated compounds have an important role in the ecology and carbon cycling of such habitats. However, the origin of these chemicals remains unclear[5,6] as there are no known energy metabolisms that generate methylated compounds de novo as a major product. Here we identified an energy metabolism in the subsurface-derived thermophilic anaerobe Zhaonella formicivorans[7] that catalyses the conversion of formate to methanol, thereby producing methanol without requiring methylated compounds as an input. Cultivation experiments showed that formate-driven methanologenesis is inhibited by the accumulation of methanol. However, this limitation can be overcome through methanol consumption by a methylotrophic partner methanogen, Methermicoccus shengliensis. This symbiosis represents a fourth mode of mutualistic cross-feeding driven by thermodynamic necessity (syntrophy), previously thought to rely on transfer of hydrogen, formate or electrons[8-10]. The unusual metabolism and syntrophy provide insights into the enigmatic presence of methylated compounds in subsurface methanogenic ecosystems and demonstrate how organisms survive at the thermodynamic limit through metabolic symbiosis.},
}
@article {pmid39880798,
year = {2025},
author = {Chaib De Mares, M and Arciniegas Castro, E and Ulloa, MA and Torres, JM and Sierra, MA and Butler, DJ and Mason, CE and Zambrano, MM and Moncada, B and Reyes Muñoz, A},
title = {Distinct bacteria display genus and species-specific associations with mycobionts in paramo lichens in Colombia.},
journal = {FEMS microbiology ecology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/femsec/fiaf010},
pmid = {39880798},
issn = {1574-6941},
abstract = {Lichens are complex symbiotic systems where fungi interact with an extracellular arrangement of one or more photosynthetic partners and an indeterminate number of other microbes. Recently, specific lichen-microbial community associations have been proposed. In this study, we aimed to characterize the differences in bacteria associated with closely related lichens, under a defined set of environmental conditions in Colombian paramos. Our goal was to determine if there is a correlation between microbiota and host divergence in lichen species belonging to the genus Sticta. We found that specific microbiota are defined by their mycobiont at the genus level. Further, distinct bacterial families show differences among the three studied genera, and specific amplicon sequence variants further discriminate among lichen species within each genus. A geographic component also determines the composition of these microbial communities among lichen species. Our functional analysis revealed that fungal partners play a key role in synthesizing complex polysaccharides, while bacterial-derived antioxidants and photoprotective mechanisms contribute to desiccation tolerance in lichens. These insights highlight the complex interactions within lichen symbioses that could be relevant in environments such as the paramo ecosystem.},
}
@article {pmid39880116,
year = {2025},
author = {Runchu, W and Zhigang, T and Sha, W and Risen, Y and Hanbo, Y and Jing, C and Jingyi, J and Jianhong, J and Zhe, K and Yanxiao, W and Elsayed Ali, EA and Hong, C},
title = {Enhancing single-stage partial nitritation-anammox process with airlift inner-circulation and oxygen partition: a novel strategy for treating high-strength ammonium wastewater.},
journal = {Environmental research},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {120968},
doi = {10.1016/j.envres.2025.120968},
pmid = {39880116},
issn = {1096-0953},
abstract = {In the single-stage partial nitritation-anammox process for high-ammonium wastewater treatment, the presence of sufficient biomass with high activity is essential. This study developed an innovative airlift inner-circulation partition bioreactor (AIPBR) with a dual-cylinder structure. During the 362 days' operation, the AIPBR exhibited robust and stable nitrogen removal performance under diverse influent ammonium spanning from 300 to 1800 mg N/L. Notably, when the influent ammonium was 1820 ± 34 mg N/L, the nitrogen removal rate reached 3.194 ± 0.074 kg N/m[3]/d, accompanied by removal efficiency of 87.6 ± 1.5%. The unique design of the reactor enabled the formation of dissolved oxygen gradient, which improved the synergy of functional microorganisms by facilitating mass transfer within the sludge. Additionally, it maintained appropriate hydraulic shear in the inner cylinder to support granule formation and simultaneously reduced excessive flow in the outer cylinder to prevent sludge loss. Through the cyclic granulation, the system fostered a symbiotic consortium of flocculent and granular sludge with particle size predominantly distributed within the range of 200-400 μm, which enhanced the activity of microorganisms. These findings highlight the potential of AIPBR as a novel and effective strategy for high-ammonium wastewater treatment.},
}
@article {pmid39880115,
year = {2025},
author = {Sun, K and Yang, R and Liu, J and Zhao, W and Li, X and Wang, Y and Song, S},
title = {Precipitation changes reshape desert soil microbial community assembly and potential functions.},
journal = {Environmental research},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {120958},
doi = {10.1016/j.envres.2025.120958},
pmid = {39880115},
issn = {1096-0953},
abstract = {Understanding the responses of desert microbial communities to escalating precipitation changes is a significant knowledge gap in predicting future soil health and ecological function. Through a five-year precipitation manipulation experiment, we investigated the contrasting eco-evolutionary processes of desert bacteria and fungi that manifested in changes to the assembly and potential functions of the soil microbiome. Elevated precipitation increased the alpha diversity and network complexity of bacteria and fungi, proportion of non-dominant phyla, and abundance of carbon- and nitrogen-fixing bacteria and saprophytic, symbiotic, and pathogenic fungi. Conversely, decreased precipitation reduced the alpha diversity and network complexity of bacteria and fungi while increasing the proportion of non-dominant phyla, stability of the network, and abundance of functional genes related to carbon and nitrogen degradation, nitrification, and ammonification. This suggests that soil microbes may attenuate the negative effects of reduced precipitation by streamlining communities, enhancing carbon and nitrogen acquisition, and promoting nitrogen cycling. Furthermore, we revealed that soil properties and vegetation attributes explained approximately 27.86%-37.75% and 17.76%-22.84% of the variation in bacterial and fungal communities, respectively. Finally, we demonstrated that precipitation-driven soil nutrient content and vegetation attributes are the potentially critical factors in shaping the soil microbial assembly and functions. These findings provide a foundation for understanding the response of desert soil microbes to escalating climate change.},
}
@article {pmid39879950,
year = {2025},
author = {Miao, C and Zeller, V},
title = {Nutrient circularity from waste to fertilizer: A perspective from LCA studies.},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
volume = {965},
number = {},
pages = {178623},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.178623},
pmid = {39879950},
issn = {1879-1026},
abstract = {Nutrient circularity, an exemplification of circular economy (CE), is situated in the waste/wastewater-agriculture nexus. Recycling nutrient elements from waste streams to fertilizer products amplify the sustainable management of resources and intersect technical and biological loops, a concept developed for CE. Such a complex system needs to be directed by robust assessment methods such as life cycle assessment (LCA) to identify trade-offs and potentials. This review aims to provide a comprehensive outlook of the current state of nutrient circularity and a critical analysis on the applicability of LCA to nutrient CE pathways. Our worked has summarized CE pathways including direct land application, traditionally integrated processes in wastewater treatment plants, and targeted nutrient recycling technologies. Despite the restrictions on inputs streams, recycling technologies demonstrated a relative low selectivity. LCA is a powerful instrument to guide nutrient circularity; however, system modeling settings can confine the applicability of LCA for CE pathways. Given that LCA studies can only partially capture the CE characteristics, a deliberate methodological selection of functional unit, allocation method and impact indicators is required for the specific CE aspect under investigation. Lower data scale limits the LCA ability to assess CE practices that requires systemic analyses. Hence, full scale assessment is of necessity since it incorporates potential gains and drawbacks from the material upscaling, process efficiency changes and possible industrial symbiosis. The findings of this review lay a robust groundwork for future research, pinpointing areas of focus in LCA modeling within nutrient circularity. This is particularly vital for the Global South to ensure knowledge transfer and prompt action.},
}
@article {pmid39879929,
year = {2025},
author = {Lera, M and Ferrer, JF and Borrás, L and Martí, N and Serralta, J and Seco, A},
title = {Mesophilic anaerobic digestion of mixed sludge in CSTR and AnMBR systems: A perspective on microplastics fate.},
journal = {Journal of environmental management},
volume = {375},
number = {},
pages = {124250},
doi = {10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.124250},
pmid = {39879929},
issn = {1095-8630},
abstract = {Most microplastics (MPs) end up in the biosolids produced in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and can pose contamination risks when the biosolids are applied to agriculture. This study evaluated the impact of mesophilic anaerobic digestion on the fate of MPs in WWTP sludge. For this, two laboratory-scale anaerobic digesters were operated in parallel, consisting of a continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) and a membrane bioreactor (AnMBR) equipped with an ultrafiltration membrane to decouple the hydraulic and sludge retention times. Both digesters were continuously fed with mixed sludge from a municipal WWTP. The results showed a significant reduction in the MP concentration, with the AnMBR having the higher MP removal efficiency (88.6% vs. 62.1%) and obtaining a higher percentage of biomethanisation (58.3% vs. 43.7%). Polypropylene (PP) and polyacrylonitrile were the main polymers in the mixed sludge, while PP and polyethylene were the dominant polymers in the digested samples. The MP particles in all the samples were predominantly in the 500-104 μm size range. Microbiological analysis indicates a greater species diversity in the microbial community of the AnMBR, the results also revealed a symbiotic relationship between the Firmicutes and Patescibacteria phyla in this digester.},
}
@article {pmid39878511,
year = {2025},
author = {Chaddad, Z and Bouhnik, O and Lamrabet, M and Alami, S and Missbah El Idrissi, M},
title = {Complete genome sequence of Bradyrhizobium lupini LLZ14, a nitrogen-fixing and plant growth-promoting bacterium.},
journal = {Microbiology resource announcements},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e0093524},
doi = {10.1128/mra.00935-24},
pmid = {39878511},
issn = {2576-098X},
abstract = {In this study, we present the complete genome of Bradyrhizobium lupini LLZ14, a nodule-forming bacterium isolated from Lupinus luteus root nodules with high plant growth-promoting abilities. This genome contains genes predicted to be involved in plant stress tolerance and growth promotion, including auxin production, phosphatase, and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase.},
}
@article {pmid39878491,
year = {2025},
author = {Guo, M and Jiang, L and Zhou, G and Lian, J and Yu, X and Huang, H},
title = {Diversity and dynamics of multiple symbionts contribute to early development of broadcast spawning reef-building coral Dipsastraea veroni.},
journal = {Applied and environmental microbiology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e0235924},
doi = {10.1128/aem.02359-24},
pmid = {39878491},
issn = {1098-5336},
abstract = {Sexual reproduction and recruitment enhance the genetic diversity and evolution of reef-building corals for population recovery and coral reef conservation under climate change. However, new recruits are vulnerable to physical changes and the mechanisms of symbiosis establishment remain poorly understood. Here, Dipsastraea veroni, a broadcast spawning hermaphrodite reef-building coral, was subjected to settlement and juvenile growth in flow-through in situ seawater at 27.93 ± 0.96°C. Symbiosis of Symbiodiniaceae, bacteria, and/or archaea by horizontal acquisition and/or hypothetical vertical transmission through the mucus with symbionts from the parent appears to be a heritable process of selection and adaptation in D. veroni at the egg, larva, juvenile (5 days post settlement, d p.s. and 32 d p.s.) stages. Symbiodiniaceae was dominated by the genera Cladocopium, Durusdinium, Symbiodinium, with increasing relative abundance of Durusdinium at 5 d p.s. and Symbiodinium at 32 d p.s. Mixed acquisition of the dominant phyla Pseudomonadota, Bacteroidota, Cyanobacteriota, Bacillota, Planctomycetota, and Actinomycetota in egg, larva, and/or juvenile showed a winnowing and regulated bacterial diversity and dynamics, resulting in stage-abundant orders Pseudomonadales and Bacillales in egg and Rhodobacterales, Rhodospirillales, Cyanobacteria, and Cyanobacteriales in larva and/or juvenile. The photoautotrophic Chloroflexales, Cyanobacteriales, and Chlorobiales were abundant in adults. The stable archaeal community contained predominant Crenarchaeota, Halobacterota, Nanoarchaeia Thermoplasmatota, and eight rare phyla, with increased relative abundance of the genera Bathyarchaeota, Candidatus_Nitrosopumilus, Candidatus_Nitrocosmicus, Nitrosarchaeum, Candidatus_Nitrosotenuis, Candidatus_Nitrosopelagicus, Cenarchaeum, Haladaptatus, Halogranum, Halolamina, and Woesearchaeales and GW2011-AR15 in juveniles. All results revealed flexible symbiotic mechanisms in D. veroni during early ontogeny for coral survival and evolution.IMPORTANCEFlexible symbioses of Symbiodiniaceae, bacteria, and archaea appear to be a heritable process of selection and adaptation in Dipsastraea veroni in the field, benefiting early coral development and facilitating coral population recovery and reef conversation.},
}
@article {pmid39878466,
year = {2025},
author = {Fung, BL and Visick, KL},
title = {LitR and its quorum-sensing regulators modulate biofilm formation by Vibrio fischeri.},
journal = {Journal of bacteriology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e0047624},
doi = {10.1128/jb.00476-24},
pmid = {39878466},
issn = {1098-5530},
abstract = {Quorum sensing controls numerous processes ranging from the production of virulence factors to biofilm formation. Biofilms, communities of bacteria that are attached to one another and/or a surface, are common in nature, and when they form, they can produce a quorum of bacteria. One model system to study biofilms is the bacterium Vibrio fischeri, which forms a biofilm that promotes the colonization of its symbiotic host. Many factors promote V. fischeri biofilm formation in vitro, including the symbiosis polysaccharide (SYP) and cellulose, but the role of quorum sensing is currently understudied. Recently, a quorum-sensing-dependent transcription factor, LitR, was shown to negatively influence V. fischeri biofilm formation in the context of a biofilm-overproducing strain. To better understand the importance of LitR, we identified conditions in which the impact of LitR on biofilm formation could be observed in an otherwise wild-type strain and then investigated its role and the roles of upstream quorum regulators in biofilm phenotypes. In static conditions, LitR and its upstream quorum regulators, including autoinducer synthases LuxS and AinS, contributed to control over biofilms that were both SYP and cellulose dependent. In shaking liquid conditions, LitR and AinS contributed to control over biofilms that were primarily cellulose dependent. LitR modestly inhibited cellulose transcription in a manner that depended on the transcription factor VpsR. These findings expand our understanding of LitR and the quorum-sensing pathway in the physiology of V. fischeri and illuminate negative control mechanisms that prevent robust biofilm formation by wild-type V. fischeri under laboratory conditions.IMPORTANCEQuorum sensing is a key regulatory mechanism that controls diverse phenotypes in numerous bacteria, including Vibrio fischeri. In many microbes, quorum sensing has been shown to control biofilm formation, yet in V. fischeri, the link between quorum sensing and biofilm formation has been understudied. This study fills that knowledge gap by identifying roles for the quorum sensing-controlled transcription factor, LitR, and its upstream quorum-sensing regulators, including the autoinducer synthases AinS and LuxS, in inhibiting biofilm formation under specific conditions. It also determined that LitR inhibits the transcription of genes required for cellulose biosynthesis. This work thus expands our understanding of the complex control over biofilm regulation.},
}
@article {pmid39877724,
year = {2025},
author = {Lipnicky, A and Subramanian, P and El Atrouni, W},
title = {A case of W. chitiniclastica bacteremia in a 38-year-old homeless male originating from a maggot-infested amputated foot.},
journal = {IDCases},
volume = {39},
number = {},
pages = {e02146},
pmid = {39877724},
issn = {2214-2509},
abstract = {Wohlfahrtiimonas (W.) chitiniclastica was first isolated from the larval stage of the fly vector Wohlfahrtia magnifica. It is a gram-negative, non-motile, strictly aerobic rod that thrives in temperatures between 28º C and 37º C. Its strong chitinase activity aids in metamorphosis, which suggests a symbiotic relationship with the fly. Although rare, W. chitiniclastica has been implicated in human infections, like bacteremia and osteomyelitis, typically transmitted through fly larvae in skin wounds. Over the past decade, there have been 12 documented human infections, including five confirmed cases of bacteremia. We present a case involving a 38-year-old homeless male with W. chitiniclastica bacteremia secondary to maggot-infested wounds. The patient had a medical history of late latent syphilis and previous frostbite requiring right transmetatarsal amputation and presented with a stump infection on the right foot, featuring maggots. He was afebrile with stable signs and blood cultures revealed W. chitiniclastica. The pathogen was susceptible to various antibiotics, including cefepime, piperacillin/tazobactam, meropenem, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and levofloxacin. The patient was treated with piperacillin/tazobactam and later transitioned to oral trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole but left against medical advice. This case underscores the intersection of infectious diseases and social inequalities, highlighting the need for clinicians to consider W. chitiniclastica in patients with poor hygiene, alcoholism, peripheral vascular disease, and open wounds. It also emphasizes the dual role of maggots in wound care, capable of both cleaning necrotic tissue and introducing pathogenic bacteria.},
}
@article {pmid39877627,
year = {2025},
author = {Mahdavifard, S and Malekzadeh, HR},
title = {Symbiotic anti-oxidant, anti-glycation, and anti-inflammatory qualities of a combination of thiamine and niacin protected type-2 diabetic male rats against both macro and micro-vascular complications.},
journal = {Iranian journal of basic medical sciences},
volume = {28},
number = {1},
pages = {98-104},
pmid = {39877627},
issn = {2008-3866},
abstract = {OBJECTIVES: Increased nuclear factor (NF-kβ) and carbonyl stress due to decreased glyoxalase-1 activity (Glo-I) contribute significantly to insulin resistance and vascular complications. Therefore, we aimed to study the impact of the combination of thiamine and niacin on hepatic NF-kβ signaling, metabolic profile, and Glo-I activity in male rats with type-2 diabetes (T2DM).<br><br>MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty male rats were divided equally into five groups: control, diabetic, diabetic treated with thiamine (180 mg/l in drinking water), niacin (180 mg/l), and a combination of both. The treated groups received the treatments daily in drinking water for two months. T2DM was induced using a combination of nicotinamide and alloxan. Metabolic profile and renal dysfunction parameters were assessed. Additionally, various glycation, oxidative stress, and inflammatory markers were measured.<br><br>RESULTS: The treated group with both vitamins showed the lowest blood sugar and insulin resistance indices, cardiovascular indices, renal dysfunction parameters, hepatic NF-k&#x3b2; expression, oxidative stress, inflammatory and glycation markers, and the highest anti-oxidant and anti-glycation markers, &#x3b2; cell activity, and insulin sensitivity. Thiamine exhibited more anti-inflammatory activity than niacin in diabetic rats, while niacin demonstrated stronger anti-oxidant activity (P<0.001).<br><br>CONCLUSION: The combined use of vitamins had a more beneficial impact on macro and microvascular complications in diabetes than each alone, attributed to their higher anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-glycation characteristics. The vitamins also had a more corrective effect on glucose-lipid metabolism, insulin sensitivity, and renal function through a stronger lowering effect on hepatic NF-k&#x3b2; expression.},
}
@article {pmid39875095,
year = {2025},
author = {Moeller, AH},
title = {Partner fidelity, not geography, drives co-diversification of gut microbiota with hominids.},
journal = {Biology letters},
volume = {21},
number = {1},
pages = {20240454},
pmid = {39875095},
issn = {1744-957X},
support = {/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; *Phylogeny ; Hominidae/microbiology ; Bacteria/classification/genetics/isolation &amp; purification ; Genome, Bacterial ; Geography ; },
abstract = {Bacterial strains that inhabit the gastrointestinal tracts of hominids have diversified in parallel (co-diversified) with their host species. The extent to which co-diversification has been mediated by partner fidelity between strains and hosts or by geographical distance between hosts is not clear due to a lack of strain-level data from clades of hosts with unconfounded phylogenetic relationships and geographical distributions. Here, I tested these competing hypotheses through meta-analyses of 7121 gut bacterial genomes assembled from wild-living ape species and subspecies sampled throughout their ranges in equatorial Africa. Across the gut bacterial phylogeny, strain diversification was more strongly associated with host phylogeny than with geography. In total, approximately 14% of the branch length of the gut bacterial phylogeny showed significant evidence of co-diversification independent of geography, whereas only approximately 4% showed significant evidence of diversification associated with geography independent of host phylogeny. Geographically co-occurring heterospecific hosts (Pan and Gorilla) universally maintained distinct co-diversified bacterial strains. Strains whose diversification was associated with geography independent of host phylogeny included clades of Proteobacteria known to adopt free-living lifestyles (e.g. Escherichia). These results show that co-diversification of gut bacterial strains with hominids has been driven primarily by fidelity of strains to host lineages rather than geography.},
}
@article {pmid39874245,
year = {2025},
author = {Milbrath, LR and Biazzo, J and van Zoeren, J},
title = {Flight phenology and influence of region and habitat on the abundance of Xylosandrus germanus and Anisandrus maiche (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) in New York.},
journal = {Environmental entomology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/ee/nvaf010},
pmid = {39874245},
issn = {1938-2936},
support = {#8062-22410-007-000D//USDA/ ; //Agricultural Research Service/ ; },
abstract = {The non-native wood-boring and symbiotic fungus-culturing Xylosandrus germanus (Blandford) was first reported in New York apple orchards in 2013. Trapping surveys have been conducted annually since to assist growers in timely applications of preventative control measures. In 2021, a similar-looking introduced species, Anisandrus maiche (Kurentsov), was identified in traps in west central New York. Anisandrus maiche was first recorded in 2005 in Pennsylvania but its history in New York was unclear due to potential misidentification. We collected and identified ambrosia beetles using ethanol-baited bottle traps in 2022 and 2023 in New York at 2 commercial apple orchards near Lake Ontario and 2 cider apple orchards in the lower Finger Lakes district. Traps were placed in a forest interior, the forest edge, and the orchard edge at each site. Xylosandrus germanus was trapped from mid-April into early October; it was abundant in the Lake Ontario region but less so in the Finger Lakes. In contrast, counts of A. maiche were very high in the Finger Lakes but extremely low near Lake Ontario. It was trapped from late-May to mid-September. Most other bark and ambrosia beetle species were uncommon. Captures of X. germanus and A. maiche were generally highest in the forest interior and declined toward the orchard edge, but each species was usually present in traps across habitats at the same time. Thus, the practice of trapping at forest edges should continue. Both species can potentially infest stressed trees, including in orchards, throughout the growing season.},
}
@article {pmid39872724,
year = {2025},
author = {Zhang, S and Jurgensen, L and Harrison, MJ},
title = {Utilizing FRET-based Biosensors to Measure Cellular Phosphate Levels in Mycorrhizal Roots of Brachypodium distachyon.},
journal = {Bio-protocol},
volume = {15},
number = {2},
pages = {e5158},
pmid = {39872724},
issn = {2331-8325},
abstract = {Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi engage in symbiotic relationships with plants, influencing their phosphate (Pi) uptake pathways, metabolism, and root cell physiology. Despite the significant role of Pi, its distribution and response dynamics in mycorrhizal roots remain largely unexplored. While traditional techniques for Pi measurement have shed some light on this, real-time cellular-level monitoring has been a challenge. With the evolution of quantitative imaging with confocal microscopy, particularly the use of genetically encoded fluorescent sensors, live imaging of intracellular Pi concentrations is now achievable. Among these sensors, fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based biosensors stand out for their accuracy. In this study, we employ the Pi-specific biosensor (cpFLIPPi-5.3m) targeted to the cytosol or plastids of Brachypodium distachyon plants, enabling us to monitor intracellular Pi dynamics during AM symbiosis. A complementary control sensor, cpFLIPPi-Null, is introduced to monitor non-Pi-specific changes. Leveraging a semi-automated ImageJ macro for sensitized FRET analysis, this method provides a precise and efficient way to determine relative intracellular Pi levels at the level of individual cells or organelles. Key features • This protocol describes the use of FRET biosensors for in vivo visualization of spatiotemporal phosphate levels with cellular and subcellular resolution in Brachypodium distachyon. • An optimized growth system can allow tracing of Pi transfer between AM fungi and host root. This protocol is used in: New Phytol (2022), DOI: 10.1111/nph.18081.},
}
@article {pmid39872723,
year = {2025},
author = {Galvis, J and Guyon, J and Daubon, T and Nikolski, M},
title = {Using DIMet for Differential Analysis of Labeled Metabolomics Data: A Step-by-step Guide Showcasing the Glioblastoma Metabolism.},
journal = {Bio-protocol},
volume = {15},
number = {2},
pages = {e5168},
pmid = {39872723},
issn = {2331-8325},
abstract = {Stable-isotope resolved metabolomics (SIRM) is a powerful approach for characterizing metabolic states in cells and organisms. By incorporating isotopes, such as [13]C, into substrates, researchers can trace reaction rates across specific metabolic pathways. Integrating metabolomics data with gene expression profiles further enriches the analysis, as we demonstrated in our prior study on glioblastoma metabolic symbiosis. However, the bioinformatics tools for analyzing tracer metabolomics data have been limited. In this protocol, we encourage the researchers to use SIRM and transcriptomics data and to perform the downstream analysis using our software tool DIMet. Indeed, DIMet is the first comprehensive tool designed for the differential analysis of tracer metabolomics data, alongside its integration with transcriptomics data. DIMet facilitates the analysis of stable-isotope labeling and metabolic abundances, offering a streamlined approach to infer metabolic changes without requiring complex flux analysis. Its pathway-based "metabologram" visualizations effectively integrate metabolomics and transcriptomics data, offering a versatile platform capable of analyzing corrected tracer datasets across diverse systems, organisms, and isotopes. We provide detailed steps for sample preparation and data analysis using DIMet through its intuitive, web-based Galaxy interface. To showcase DIMet's capabilities, we analyzed LDHA/B knockout glioblastoma cell lines compared to controls. Accessible to all researchers through Galaxy, DIMet is free, user-friendly, and open source, making it a valuable resource for advancing metabolic research. Key features • Glioblastoma tumor spheroids in vitro replicate tumors' three-dimensional structure and natural nutrient, metabolite, and gas gradients, providing a more realistic model of tumor biology. • Joint analysis of tracer metabolomics and transcriptomics datasets provides deeper insights into the metabolic states of cells. • DIMet is a web-based tool for differential analysis and seamless integration of metabolomics and transcriptomics data, making it accessible and user-friendly. • DIMet enables researchers to infer metabolic changes, offering intuitive and visually appealing "metabologram" outputs, surpassing conventional visual representations commonly used in the field.},
}
@article {pmid39871894,
year = {2024},
author = {Ren, Y and Chen, M and Wang, Z and Han, JJ},
title = {Oral microbiota in aging and diseases.},
journal = {Life medicine},
volume = {3},
number = {3},
pages = {lnae024},
pmid = {39871894},
issn = {2755-1733},
abstract = {Human microbiomes are microbial populations that form a symbiotic relationship with humans. There are up to 1000 species on the surface of human skin and mucosal system, among which gut microbiota attracts the most interest. As the beginning of the digestive tract, oral cavity is also an important microbial habitat in the human body which is the first line of defense against pathogens entering the body. Many studies have revealed that oral microbial dysbiosis could not only contribute to oral diseases but also whole-body systemic diseases and health status. Oral microorganisms can enter the gastrointestinal tract with saliva and food, or enter the blood circulation through mouth breakage, thus causing systemic inflammation and aging-related diseases including some causal links to Alzheimer's disease. A series of changes take place in oral microbial composition during development, with different age stages marked by different dominant microbial species. Despite a lack of comprehensive studies on aging oral microbiota, through systemic inflammation, oral pathogenic microbes are likely to contribute inflammatory aging. As inflammaging is a key signature and one of the causes for accelerated aging, improving the structure of oral microbiome may be not only a new strategy for disease prevention and treatment, but also for aging intervention.},
}
@article {pmid39870251,
year = {2025},
author = {Oubohssaine, M and Rabeh, K and Hnini, M},
title = {Symbiosis vs Pathogenesis in Plants: Reflections and Perspectives.},
journal = {Microbial pathogenesis},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {107333},
doi = {10.1016/j.micpath.2025.107333},
pmid = {39870251},
issn = {1096-1208},
abstract = {Plant-microbe partnerships constitute a complex and intricately woven network of connections that have evolved over countless centuries, involving both cooperation and antagonism. In various contexts, plants and microorganisms engage in mutually beneficial partnerships that enhance crop health and maintain balance in ecosystems. However, these associations also render plants susceptible to a range of pathogens. Understanding the fundamental molecular mechanisms governing these associations is crucial, given the notable susceptibility of plants to external environmental influences. Based on quorum sensing signals, phytohormone, and volatile organic carbon (VOC) production and others molecules, microorganisms influence plant growth, health, and defense responses. This review explores the multifaceted relationships between plants and their associated microorganisms, encompassing mutualism, commensalism, and antagonism. The molecular mechanisms of symbiotic and pathogenic interactions share similarities but lead to different outcomes. While symbiosis benefits both parties, pathogenesis harms the host. Genetic adaptations optimize these interactions, involving coevolution driving process. Environmental factors influence outcomes, emphasizing the need for understanding and manipulation of microbial communities for beneficial results. Research directions include employing multi-omics techniques, functional studies, investigating environmental factors, understanding evolutionary trajectories, and harnessing knowledge to engineer synthetic microbial consortia for sustainable agriculture and disease management.},
}
@article {pmid39869923,
year = {2025},
author = {Kausar Sk, M and Mandal, A and Chattopadhyay, J},
title = {Tipping events in a fear-affected symbiotic ecological system with adaptive hunting strategy.},
journal = {Chaos (Woodbury, N.Y.)},
volume = {35},
number = {1},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1063/5.0241236},
pmid = {39869923},
issn = {1089-7682},
mesh = {Animals ; *Predatory Behavior/physiology ; *Fear/physiology ; *Symbiosis/physiology ; *Models, Biological ; Ecosystem ; Adaptation, Physiological/physiology ; Food Chain ; },
abstract = {Experimental observations and field data demonstrated that predators adapt their hunting strategies in response to prey abundance. While previous studies explored the impact of predation risk on predator-prey interactions, the impact of symbiotic relationships between fear-affected prey and non-prey species on system dynamics remains unexplored. This study uses a mathematical approach to investigate how different symbiotic relationships govern system dynamics when predators adapt to prey availability. Our study illustrates that the mutualistic relationship between prey and partners extends predator survivability. However, the fear-affected symbiotic system may undergo regime shifts, which can be catastrophic or non-catastrophic, depending on symbiotic interaction patterns. The study demonstrates a hump-shaped relationship between the predator's optimal search rate and biomass and identifies an intermediate range of search rates where the system exhibits a "bubbling"phenomenon. Overall, our findings provide new insights into symbiotic relationships in community ecology, highlighting the complex interplay among predators, prey, and non-prey species.},
}
@article {pmid39869587,
year = {2025},
author = {Kumari, Y and Gunathilaka, N and Amarasinghe, D},
title = {A comprehensive review of biological and genetic control approaches for leishmaniasis vector sand flies; emphasis towards promoting tools for integrated vector management.},
journal = {PLoS neglected tropical diseases},
volume = {19},
number = {1},
pages = {e0012795},
pmid = {39869587},
issn = {1935-2735},
mesh = {Animals ; *Psychodidae/genetics/parasitology ; *Leishmaniasis/prevention &amp; control/transmission ; *Insect Vectors/genetics/parasitology ; Insect Control/methods ; Humans ; Gene Editing/methods ; Leishmania/genetics ; CRISPR-Cas Systems ; Pest Control, Biological/methods ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Leishmaniasis is a health problem in many regions with poor health and poor life resources. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), an estimated 700,000-1 million new cases arise annually. Effective control of sand fly vector populations is crucial for reducing the transmission of this disease. Therefore, this review aims to comprehensively examine and evaluate the current methods for controlling sand fly populations, focusing on biological and gene drive techniques.<br><br>METHODS AND FINDINGS: A detailed, comprehensive literature search was carried out using databases including Google Scholar, PubMed, ScienceDirect, and the National Library of Medicine (NIH). These searches were done using specific keywords related to the field of study. This current review identified several promising methods, including genetically modified sand flies, using transgenic approaches by taking advanced gene editing tools like Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR/Cas9) and genetic modification of symbiotic microorganisms for controlling sand fly populations, which appeared to be proven under laboratory and field settings.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Genetic control approaches have many benefits over chemical control, including long-lasting effects on targets, high specificity, and less environmental impact. Advances in genetic engineering technologies, particularly CRISPR/Cas9, sterile insect techniques, and gene drive insect modification, offer new avenues for precise and efficient sand fly management. Future research should prioritize optimizing rearing and sterilization techniques, conducting controlled field trials, and fostering collaboration across disciplines to realize the potential of genetic control strategies in combating leishmaniasis.},
}
@article {pmid39869214,
year = {2025},
author = {Shen, Y and Yang, J and Ma, Z and Li, Y and Dong, W and Duan, T},
title = {AM fungus plant colonization rather than an Epichloë endophyte attracts fall armyworm feeding.},
journal = {Mycorrhiza},
volume = {35},
number = {1},
pages = {7},
pmid = {39869214},
issn = {1432-1890},
support = {CARS-22 Green Manure//China Modern Agriculture Research System/ ; CARS-22 Green Manure//China Modern Agriculture Research System/ ; CARS-22 Green Manure//China Modern Agriculture Research System/ ; CARS-22 Green Manure//China Modern Agriculture Research System/ ; CARS-22 Green Manure//China Modern Agriculture Research System/ ; CARS-22 Green Manure//China Modern Agriculture Research System/ ; 32071879//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 32071879//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 32071879//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 32071879//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 32071879//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 32071879//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Epichloe/physiology ; *Spodoptera/physiology/microbiology ; *Endophytes/physiology ; *Mycorrhizae/physiology ; *Larva/microbiology/physiology/growth &amp; development ; *Lolium/microbiology/physiology ; Herbivory ; Symbiosis ; },
abstract = {Most cold-season grasses can be colonized by belowground arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and foliar grass endophytes (Epichloë) simultaneously while also be attacked by insect herbivores. The colonization of AM fungi or the presence of grass endophytes is associated with increased resistance by the host plant. However, studies on how these two symbionts affect host plants and mitigate insect pest attack are currently lacking. In a glasshouse study we investigated the effects of an AM fungus (Acaulospora delicata), a foliar grass endophyte (Epichloë), and the insect pest Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm, FAW) on plant growth, defense enzyme activity, and hormone concentrations of the important pasture grass Lolium perenne. Additionally, we assessed the selective behavior of FAW larvae in response to these interactions using olfactometer tests. Our results showed that the AM fungus and its co-colonization with Epichloë endophytes increased aboveground biomass, while Epichloë endophytes alone had no significant impact on ryegrass aboveground biomass. In contrast, FAW reduced aboveground biomass. The Epichloë endophytes and FAW significantly decreased the mycorrhizal colonization rate by 21.67% and 30.16%, respectively. Interestingly, compared to non-mycorrhizal plants, AM fungus colonized plants were more attractive to FAW larvae feeding, and the defense enzyme activity was not discernibly affected by any experimental treatments. The interactions of the AM fungus and Epichloë endophyte increased the jasmonic acid concentrations by 24.29% and decreased trasylol activity by 11.75% in the host plants under FAW attack. Neither the AM fungus nor Epichloë endophyte influenced the relative growth rate (RGR) of FAW. Overall, the AM fungus had a greater positive effect on plant growth than the Epichloë endophyte, regardless of FAW larvae infestation.},
}
@article {pmid39868786,
year = {2025},
author = {Engelhart, MJ and Brock, OD and Till, JM and Glowacki, RWP and Cantwell, JW and Clarke, DJ and Wesener, DA and Ahern, PP},
title = {BT1549 coordinates the in vitro IL-10 inducing activity of Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron.},
journal = {Microbiology spectrum},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e0166924},
doi = {10.1128/spectrum.01669-24},
pmid = {39868786},
issn = {2165-0497},
abstract = {UNLABELLED: The intestine is home to a complex immune system that is engaged in mutualistic interactions with the microbiome that maintain intestinal homeostasis. A variety of immune-derived anti-inflammatory mediators have been uncovered and shown to be critical for maintaining these beneficial immune-microbiome relationships. Notably, the gut microbiome actively invokes the induction of anti-inflammatory pathways that limit the development of microbiome-targeted inflammatory immune responses. Despite the importance of this microbiome-driven immunomodulation, detailed knowledge of the microbial factors that promote these responses remains limited. We have previously established that the gut symbiont Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron stimulates the production of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 via soluble factors in a Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2)-MyD88-dependent manner. Here, using TLR2 activity reporter cell lines, we show that the capacity of B. thetaiotaomicron to stimulate TLR2 activity was not critically dependent on either of the canonical heterodimeric forms of TLR2, TLR2/TLR1, or TLR2/TLR6, that typically mediate its function. Furthermore, biochemical manipulation of B. thetaiotaomicron-conditioned media suggests that IL-10 induction is mediated by a protease-resistant or non-proteogenic factor. We next uncovered that deletion of gene BT1549, a predicted secreted lipoprotein, significantly impaired the capacity of B. thetaiotaomicron to induce IL-10, while complementation in trans restored IL-10 induction, suggesting a role for BT1549 in the immunomodulatory function of B. thetaiotaomicron. Collectively, these data provide molecular insight into the pathways through which B. thetaiotaomicron operates to promote intestinal immune tolerance and symbiosis.<br><br>IMPORTANCE: Intestinal homeostasis requires the establishment of peaceful interactions between the gut microbiome and the intestinal immune system. Members of the gut microbiome, like the symbiont Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, actively induce anti-inflammatory immune responses to maintain mutualistic relationships with the host. Despite the importance of such interactions, the specific microbial factors responsible remain largely unknown. Here, we show that B. thetaiotaomicron, which stimulates Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) to drive IL-10 production, can stimulate TLR2 independently of TLR1 or TLR6, the two known TLR that can form heterodimers with TLR2 to mediate TLR2-dependent responses. Furthermore, we show that IL-10 induction is likely mediated by a protease-resistant or non-proteogenic factor, and that this requires gene BT1549, a predicted secreted lipoprotein and peptidase. Collectively, our work provides insight into the molecular dialog through which B. thetaiotaomicron coordinates anti-inflammatory immune responses. This knowledge may facilitate future strategies to promote such responses for therapeutic purposes.},
}
@article {pmid39868566,
year = {2025},
author = {Jiménez-Leiva, A and Juárez-Martos, RA and Cabrera, JJ and Torres, MJ and Mesa, S and Delgado, MJ},
title = {Dual Oxygen-Responsive Control by RegSR of Nitric Oxide Reduction in the Soybean Endosymbiont Bradyrhizobium diazoefficiens.},
journal = {Antioxidants &amp; redox signaling},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1089/ars.2024.0710},
pmid = {39868566},
issn = {1557-7716},
abstract = {Aims: To investigate the role of the RegSR-NifA regulatory cascade in the oxygen control of nitric oxide (NO) reduction in the soybean endosymbiont Bradyrhizobium diazoefficiens. Results: We have performed an integrated study of norCBQD expression and NO reductase activity in regR, regS1, regS2, regS1/2, and nifA mutants in response to microoxia (2% O2) or anoxia. An activating role of RegR and NifA was observed under anoxia. In contrast, under microaerobic conditions, RegR acts as a repressor by binding to a RegR box located between the -10 and -35 regions within the norCBQD promoter. In addition, both RegS1 and RegS2 sensors cooperated with RegR in repressing norCBQD genes. Innovation: NO is a reactive gas that, at high levels, acts as a potent inhibitor of symbiotic nitrogen fixation. In this paper, we report new insights into the regulation of NO reductase, the major enzyme involved in NO removal in rhizobia. This knowledge will be crucial for the development of new strategies and management practices in agriculture, in particular, for improving legume production. Conclusion: Our results demonstrate, for the first time, a dual control of the RegSR two-component regulatory system on norCBQD genes control in response to oxygen levels. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 00, 000-000.},
}
@article {pmid39868164,
year = {2025},
author = {Galloway, A and Hofstede, BT and Walsh, AJ},
title = {Fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy for metabolic analysis of LDHB inhibition in triple negative breast cancer.},
journal = {bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1101/2025.01.13.632864},
pmid = {39868164},
issn = {2692-8205},
abstract = {Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive subtype of breast cancer with no targeted treatments currently available. TNBC cells participate in metabolic symbiosis, a process that optimizes tumor growth by balancing metabolic processes between glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation through increased activity by the enzyme lactate dehydrogenase B (LDHB). Metabolic symbiosis allows oxidative cancer cells to function at a similar rate as glycolytic cancer cells, increasing overall metabolic activity and proliferation. Here, fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) is used to analyze the metabolism of TNBC cells with inhibition of LDHB using a multiphoton microscope to measure the fluorescent lifetimes of two metabolic coenzymes, NAD(P)H and FAD. LDHB is inhibited via an indole derivative known as AXKO-0046 in varying concentrations. Understanding how TNBC cell metabolism changes due to LDHB inhibition will provide further insight into metabolic symbiosis and potential new TNBC treatment options.},
}
@article {pmid39868027,
year = {2024},
author = {Stockdale, C and Avdikos, V},
title = {Transformative social innovation and rural collaborative workspaces: assembling community economies in Austria and Greece.},
journal = {Open research Europe},
volume = {4},
number = {},
pages = {205},
pmid = {39868027},
issn = {2732-5121},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Collaborative Workspaces are rapidly growing and evolving across the world. Traditionally understood as an urban phenomenon, most research understands them as either 'entrepreneurial-led', as profit-driven and commercial spaces such as business incubators and accelerators, or 'community-led' as being bottom-up, not-for-profit ventures aimed at catering for the needs of their community. Recent years however have seen their diffusion beyond large urban agglomerations to small towns and villages, with their functions assumed to be more community-orientated. At the same time, social innovation, or social innovation processes have been gaining prominence in academia, policy, and practice, as they address societal problems and hold potential for new forms of social relations. This paper attempts to provide a novel framework towards understanding the transformative potential of rural collaborative workspaces, as they engage in processes of social innovation, by drawing from diverse and community economies literature and assemblage thinking.<br><br>METHODS: The paper uses international case study comparison between rural Austria and Greece (One case from each country). Methods applied were: semi-structured interviews (N=28), participant observation and focus groups (2).<br><br>RESULTS: Community-led rural collaborative workspaces hold transformative potential from i) their ability to assist rural actors with their capacities and realizing their desires and ii) changing individual subjectivities towards collective. Through changing social relations in praxis and perceptions, we examine how social innovation processes through collaborative workspaces can be understood as a means of opening new economic subjectivities towards creating community economies as their transformative potential.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Although rural collaborative workspaces hold potential for societal transformation, they require further institutionalization and support to move beyond the interstitial and symbiotic stages of transformation.},
}
@article {pmid39865396,
year = {2025},
author = {Haskett, TL and Cooke, L and Green, P and Poole, PS},
title = {Regulation of Rhizobial Nodulation Genes by Flavonoid-Independent NodD Supports Nitrogen-Fixing Symbioses With Legumes.},
journal = {Environmental microbiology},
volume = {27},
number = {1},
pages = {e70014},
pmid = {39865396},
issn = {1462-2920},
support = {RF-2019-100238//Royal Commission for the Exhibition of 1851/ ; BB/T006722/1/BB_/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom ; },
mesh = {*Symbiosis/genetics ; *Nitrogen Fixation/genetics ; *Flavonoids/metabolism/biosynthesis ; *Bacterial Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial ; *Plant Root Nodulation/genetics ; Medicago truncatula/microbiology/genetics ; Root Nodules, Plant/microbiology ; Fabaceae/microbiology ; Pisum sativum/microbiology ; Rhizobium/genetics/metabolism ; },
abstract = {Rhizobia and legumes form a symbiotic relationship resulting in the formation of root structures known as nodules, where bacteria fix nitrogen. Legumes release flavonoids that are detected by the rhizobial nodulation (Nod) protein NodD, initiating the transcriptional activation of nod genes and subsequent synthesis of Nod Factors (NFs). NFs then induce various legume responses essential for this symbiosis. Although evidence suggests differential regulation of nodD expression and NF biosynthesis during symbiosis, the necessity of this regulation for the formation of nitrogen-fixing nodules remains uncertain. Here, we demonstrate that deletion of the Rlv3841 NodD regulatory domain results in a constitutively active protein (NodDFI) capable of activating NF biosynthesis gene expression without the presence of flavonoids. Optimised constitutive expression of nodDFI or nodD3 in nodD null mutants led to wild-type levels of nodulation and nitrogen fixation in pea and M. truncatula, respectively, indicating that flavonoid-regulated nodD expression is not essential for supporting symbiosis. These findings illustrate that transcriptional control of flavonoid-independent NodD regulators can be employed to drive NF biosynthesis, which holds potential for engineering symbiosis between rhizobia and cereals equipped with reconstituted NF receptors.},
}
@article {pmid39864254,
year = {2025},
author = {Iida, H},
title = {Cytoplasmic streaming of symbiotic algae in the ciliate Stentor pyriformis.},
journal = {Protist},
volume = {176},
number = {},
pages = {126086},
doi = {10.1016/j.protis.2025.126086},
pmid = {39864254},
issn = {1618-0941},
abstract = {Stentor pyriformis is a unicellular organism whose inherent green-algal symbionts can be utilized in evolutionary and cytological studies. The cytoplasm contains symbiotic algae and starch granules, which are in constant motion. The habitats of the ciliate S. pyriformis are restricted to a few oligotrophic ponds in Japan. This study aimed to develop a culture medium for long-term incubation based on pond water quality data and to investigate the cytoplasmic streaming of symbiotic algae and starch granules in S. pyriformis. In addition, the involvement of the cytoskeleton and motor proteins in cytoplasmic streaming was examined using microtubule polymerization and dynein ATPase inhibitors. The results indicated that the cytoplasmic streaming in S. pyriformis is associated with the microtubule system. Immunofluorescence and transmission electron microscopy revealed the presence of KM-fibers, bundles of microtubules running longitudinally along the cell surface. These findings suggest a possible link between microtubules and cytoplasmic streaming in S. pyriformis.},
}
@article {pmid39863222,
year = {2025},
author = {Liu, W and Yu, Q and Nasir, M and Zhu, X and Iqbal, MS and Elumalai, P and Wang, L and Zhang, K and Li, D and Ji, J and Luo, J and Cui, J and Gao, X},
title = {The Cry2Aa protein is not enough to pose a threat to Pardosa astrigera.},
journal = {International journal of biological macromolecules},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {140241},
doi = {10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.140241},
pmid = {39863222},
issn = {1879-0003},
abstract = {The widespread commercialization of genetically modified (GM) crops makes it important to assess the potential impact of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) on non-target organisms. Pardosa astrigera is an important predator in agroforestry ecosystems, and female and male spiders may react differently to Bt toxins due to their different activity habits and nutritional requirements. In this study, we found that exposure to Cry2Aa protein did not affect the survival and body weight of P. astrigera during growth and development. However, according to 16S rRNA sequencing results of the P. astrigera adults, Cry2Aa protein not only changed the diversity of symbiont bacteria, but also changed its symbiont composition. During feeding on prey without Bt artificial feed, the dominant communities in female and male adults were Actinobacteria and Corynebacterium-1, respectively. Feeding on prey containing Cry2Aa protein, Firmicutes were the dominant phyla. At the genus level, Cry2Aa protein significantly increased the relative abundance of Enterococcus and became the dominant genus in females only. In addition, Bacillus, Weissella and other symbiotic bacteria had significant changes in females. In terms of species composition, sex differences resulted in the absence of different types of symbiotic bacteria. Functional analysis of enrichment pathways showed significant changes in various metabolic pathways such as "Carbohydrate metabolism" and "Nucleotide metabolism", and there are differences between the sexes. These findings provide new data information and support for revealing the different strategies of spiders to cope with Cry2Aa protein based on sex differences, and also provide new data information and support for environmental safety assessment of GM crops.},
}
@article {pmid39862964,
year = {2025},
author = {Brown, JA and Bashir, H and Zeng, MY},
title = {Lifelong partners: Gut microbiota-immune cell interactions from infancy to old age.},
journal = {Mucosal immunology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.mucimm.2025.01.006},
pmid = {39862964},
issn = {1935-3456},
abstract = {Our immune system and gut microbiota are intricately coupled from birth, both going through maturation during early life and senescence during aging almost in a synchronized fashion. The symbiotic relationship between the human host and microbiota is critically dependent on a healthy immune system to keep our microbiota in check, while the microbiota provides essential functions to promote the development and fitness of our immune system. The partnership between our immune system and microbiota is particularly important during early life, when microbial ligands and metabolites shape the development of the immune cells and immune tolerance; during aging, having sufficient beneficial gut bacteria is critical for the maintenance of intact mucosal barriers, immune metabolic fitness, and strong immunity against pathogens. The immune system during childhood is programmed, with the support of the microbiota, to develop robust immune tolerance, and limit autoimmunity and metabolic dysregulation, which are prevalent during aging. This review comprehensively explores the mechanistic underpinnings of gut microbiota-immune cell interactions during infancy and old age, with the goal to gain a better understanding of potential strategies to leverage the gut microbiota to combat age-related immune decline.},
}
@article {pmid39859177,
year = {2025},
author = {Frolov, A and Shumilina, J and Etemadi Afshar, S and Mashkina, V and Rhomanovskaya, E and Lukasheva, E and Tsarev, A and Sulima, AS and Shtark, OY and Ihling, C and Soboleva, A and Tikhonovich, IA and Zhukov, VA},
title = {Responsivity of Two Pea Genotypes to the Symbiosis with Rhizobia and Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Fungi-A Proteomics Aspect of the "Efficiency of Interactions with Beneficial Soil Microorganisms" Trait.},
journal = {International journal of molecular sciences},
volume = {26},
number = {2},
pages = {},
pmid = {39859177},
issn = {1422-0067},
support = {22-16-00109//Russian science foundation/ ; 20-16-00086//Russian Science Foundation/ ; },
mesh = {*Mycorrhizae/physiology/metabolism ; *Symbiosis/genetics ; *Pisum sativum/microbiology/genetics/metabolism ; *Soil Microbiology ; *Proteomics/methods ; *Genotype ; Proteome/metabolism ; Plant Roots/microbiology/metabolism/genetics ; Plant Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Rhizobium/physiology/genetics/metabolism ; Nitrogen Fixation/genetics ; },
abstract = {It is well known that individual pea (Pisum sativum L.) cultivars differ in their symbiotic responsivity. This trait is typically manifested with an increase in seed weights, due to inoculation with rhizobial bacteria and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. The aim of this study was to characterize alterations in the root proteome of highly responsive pea genotype k-8274 plants and low responsive genotype k-3358 ones grown in non-sterile soil, which were associated with root colonization with rhizobial bacteria and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (in comparison to proteome shifts caused by soil supplementation with mineral nitrogen salts). Our results clearly indicate that supplementation of the soil with mineral nitrogen-containing salts switched the root proteome of both genotypes to assimilation of the available nitrogen, whereas the processes associated with nitrogen fixation were suppressed. Surprisingly, inoculation with rhizobial bacteria had only a minor effect on the root proteomes of both genotypes. The most pronounced response was observed for the highly responsive k-8274 genotype inoculated simultaneously with rhizobial bacteria and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. This response involved activation of the proteins related to redox metabolism and suppression of excessive nodule formation. In turn, the low responsive genotype k-3358 demonstrated a pronounced inoculation-induced suppression of protein metabolism and enhanced diverse defense reactions in pea roots under the same soil conditions. The results of the study shed light on the molecular basis of differential symbiotic responsivity in different pea cultivars. The raw data are available in the PRIDE repository under the project accession number PXD058701 and project DOI 10.6019/PXD058701.},
}
@article {pmid39858957,
year = {2025},
author = {Ge, D and Yin, C and Jing, J and Li, Z and Liu, L},
title = {Relationship Between the Host Plant Range of Insects and Symbiont Bacteria.},
journal = {Microorganisms},
volume = {13},
number = {1},
pages = {},
pmid = {39858957},
issn = {2076-2607},
support = {2022YFC2601500//National Key Research and Development Projects/ ; },
abstract = {The evolution of phytophagous insects has resulted in the development of feeding specializations that are unique to this group. The majority of current research on insect palatability has concentrated on aspects of ecology and biology, with relatively little attention paid to the role of insect gut symbiotic bacteria. Symbiont bacteria have a close relationship with their insect hosts and perform a range of functions. This research aimed to investigate the relationship between insect host plant range and gut symbiotic bacteria. A synthesis of the extant literature on the intestinal commensal bacteria of monophagous, oligophagous, and polyphagous tephritids revealed no evidence of a positive correlation between the plant host range and the diversity of larval intestinal microbial species. The gut symbionts of same species were observed to exhibit discrepancies between different literature sources, which were attributed to variations in multiple environmental factors. However, following beta diversity analysis, monophagy demonstrated the lowest level of variation in intestinal commensal bacteria, while polyphagous tephritids exhibited the greatest variation in intestinal commensal bacteria community variation. In light of these findings, this study proposes the hypothesis that exclusive or closely related plant hosts provide monophagy and oligophagy with a stable core colony over long evolutionary periods. The core flora is closely associated with host adaptations in monophagous and oligophagous tephritids, including nutritional and detoxification functions. This is in contrast to polyphagy, whose dominant colony varies in different environments. Our hypothesis requires further refinement of the data on the gut commensal bacteria of monophagy and oligophagy as the number of species and samples is currently limited.},
}
@article {pmid39858809,
year = {2024},
author = {Zhu, F and Kamiya, T and Fujiwara, T and Hashimoto, M and Gong, S and Wu, J and Nakanishi, H and Fujimoto, M},
title = {A Comparison of Rice Root Microbial Dynamics in Organic and Conventional Paddy Fields.},
journal = {Microorganisms},
volume = {13},
number = {1},
pages = {},
pmid = {39858809},
issn = {2076-2607},
support = {JPMJSP2108//Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST) SPRING/ ; 23KJ0514//Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) KAKENHI/ ; 20H00418//Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) KAKENHI/ ; 24H00509//Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) KAKENHI/ ; 19KT0033//Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) KAKENHI/ ; 20K05955//Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) KAKENHI/ ; 23K18023//Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) KAKENHI/ ; 24K01892//Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) KAKENHI/ ; },
abstract = {The assembly of plant root microbiomes is a dynamic process. Understanding the roles of root-associated microbiomes in rice development requires dissecting their assembly throughout the rice life cycle under diverse environments and exploring correlations with soil properties and rice physiology. In this study, we performed amplicon sequencing targeting fungal ITS and the bacterial 16S rRNA gene to characterize and compare bacterial and fungal community dynamics of the rice root endosphere and soil in organic and conventional paddy fields. Our analysis revealed that root microbial diversity and composition was significantly influenced by agricultural practices and rice developmental stages (p < 0.05). The root microbiome in the organic paddy field showed greater temporal variability, with typical methane-oxidizing bacteria accumulating during the tillering stage and the amount of symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria increasing dramatically at the early ripening stage. Redundancy analysis identified ammonium nitrogen, iron, and soil organic matter as key drivers of microbial composition. Furthermore, correlation analysis between developmental stage-enriched bacterial biomarkers in rice roots and leaf mineral nutrients showed that highly mobile macronutrient concentrations positively correlated with early-stage biomarkers and negatively correlated with later-stage biomarkers in both paddy fields. Notably, later-stage biomarkers in the conventional paddy field tended to show stronger correlations with low-mobility nutrients. These findings suggest potential strategies for optimizing microbiome management to enhance productivity and sustainability.},
}
@article {pmid39858605,
year = {2025},
author = {Jin, F and Ke, D and Lu, L and Hu, Q and Zhang, C and Li, C and Liang, W and Yuan, S and Chen, H},
title = {Suppression of Nodule Formation by RNAi Knock-Down of Bax inhibitor-1a in Lotus japonicus.},
journal = {Genes},
volume = {16},
number = {1},
pages = {},
pmid = {39858605},
issn = {2073-4425},
mesh = {*Lotus/genetics/microbiology/metabolism ; *Plant Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; *RNA Interference ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; *Root Nodules, Plant/genetics/metabolism/microbiology ; *Phylogeny ; *Symbiosis/genetics ; Gene Knockdown Techniques ; Plant Root Nodulation/genetics ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The balanced regulation of innate immunity plays essential roles in rhizobial infection and the establishment and maintenance of symbiosis. The evolutionarily conserved cell death suppressor Bax inhibitor-1 plays dual roles in nodule symbiosis, providing a valuable clue in balancing immunity and symbiosis, while it remains largely unexplored in the legume Lotus japonicus.<br><br>METHODS/RESULTS: In the present report, the BI-1 gene family of L. japonicus was identified and characterized. We identified 6 BI-1 genes that translate into peptides containing 240-255 amino acids with different structural characteristics and isoelectric points. We performed phylogenetic analyses and detected evolutionary conservation and divergence among BI-1 proteins from L. japonicus, Glycine max, Medicago truncatula, Arabidopsis thaliana, and Oryza sativa. Expression profiles among different roots indicated that the inoculation of MAFF303099 significantly increased the expression of most of the L. japonicus BI-1 family genes. We down-regulated the transcripts of LjBI-1a by RNA interference and observed that LjBI-1a promotes nodulation and nodule formation.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: These discoveries shed light on the functions of BI-1 genes in L. japonicus, and simultaneously emphasize the potential application of LjBI-1a in enhancing the symbiotic nitrogen fixation ability of legumes.},
}
@article {pmid39858512,
year = {2025},
author = {Yeremko, L and Czopek, K and Staniak, M and Marenych, M and Hanhur, V},
title = {Role of Environmental Factors in Legume-Rhizobium Symbiosis: A Review.},
journal = {Biomolecules},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {},
pmid = {39858512},
issn = {2218-273X},
mesh = {*Symbiosis ; *Rhizobium/metabolism/physiology ; *Fabaceae/microbiology/metabolism/growth &amp; development/physiology ; *Nitrogen Fixation ; Soil/chemistry ; Soil Microbiology ; Salinity ; Nitrogen/metabolism ; },
abstract = {Legumes play a pivotal role in addressing global challenges of food and nutrition security by offering a sustainable source of protein and bioactive compounds. The capacity of legumes to establish symbiotic relationships with rhizobia bacteria enables biological nitrogen fixation (BNF), reducing the dependence on chemical fertilizers while enhancing soil health. However, the efficiency of this symbiosis is significantly influenced by environmental factors, such as soil acidity, salinity, temperature, moisture content, light intensity, and nutrient availability. These factors affect key processes, including rhizobia survival, nodule formation, and nitrogenase activity, ultimately determining the growth and productivity of legumes. This review summarizes current knowledge on legume-rhizobia interactions under varying abiotic conditions. It highlights the impact of salinity and acidity in limiting nodule development, soil temperature in regulating microbial community dynamics, and moisture availability in modulating metabolic and hormonal responses during drought and waterlogging. Moreover, the role of essential nutrients, including nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and trace elements such as iron, molybdenum, and boron, in optimizing symbiosis is critically analyzed.},
}
@article {pmid39857318,
year = {2025},
author = {Kashchenko, G and Taldaev, A and Adonin, L and Smutin, D},
title = {Investigating Aerobic Hive Microflora: Role of Surface Microbiome of Apis Mellifera.},
journal = {Biology},
volume = {14},
number = {1},
pages = {},
pmid = {39857318},
issn = {2079-7737},
support = {No 075-15-2022-305//Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation within the framework of state support for the creation and development of World-Class Research Centers 'Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare'./ ; },
abstract = {This study investigated the surface microbiome of the honeybee (Apis mellifera), focusing on the diversity and functional roles of its associated microbial communities. While the significance of the microbiome to insect health and behavior is increasingly recognized, research on invertebrate surface microbiota lags behind that of vertebrates. A combined metagenomic and cultivation-based approach was employed to characterize the bacterial communities inhabiting the honeybee exoskeleton. Our findings reveal a complex and diverse microbiota exhibiting significant spatial and environmental heterogeneity. The identification of antimicrobial compound producers, validated through both culture and metagenomic analyses, including potentially novel Actinobacteria species, underscores the potential impact of these microbial communities on honeybee health, behavior, and hive dynamics. This research contributes to a more profound ecological understanding of the honeybee microbiome, particularly in its winter configuration.},
}
@article {pmid39856179,
year = {2025},
author = {Lynch, SC and Reyes-Gonzalez, E and Bossard, EL and Alarcon, KS and Love, NLR and Hollander, AD and Nobua-Behrmann, BE and Gilbert, GS},
title = {A phylogenetic epidemiology approach to predicting the establishment of multi-host plant pests.},
journal = {Communications biology},
volume = {8},
number = {1},
pages = {117},
pmid = {39856179},
issn = {2399-3642},
support = {17-01-NCC//California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW)/ ; CDFASCB16051//California Department of Food and Agriculture (CDFA)/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Phylogeny ; *Coleoptera/genetics/physiology ; California/epidemiology ; Plant Diseases/parasitology ; Trees/parasitology ; Introduced Species ; Models, Biological ; },
abstract = {Forecasting emergent pest spread is paramount to mitigating their impacts. For host-specialized pests, epidemiological models of spread through a single host population are well developed. However, most pests attack multiple host species; the challenge is predicting which communities are most vulnerable to infestation. Here, we develop a phylogenetically-informed approach to predict establishment of emergent multi-host pests across heterogeneous landscapes. We model a beetle-pathogen symbiotic complex on trees, introduced from Southeast Asia to California. The phyloEpi model for likelihood of establishment was predicted from the phylogenetic composition of woody species in the invaded community and the influence of temperature on beetle reproduction. Plant communities dominated by close relatives of known epidemiologically critical hosts were four times more likely to become infested than communities with more distantly related species. Where microclimate favored beetle reproduction, pest establishment was greater than expected based only on species composition. We applied this phyloEpi model to predict infestation risk in California using weather data and complete tree inventories from 9262 1-km[2] grids in 170 cities. Regions in the state predicted with low likelihood of infestation were confirmed by independent monitoring. Analysts can adapt these phylogenetic ecology tools to predict spread of any multi-host pest in novel habitats.},
}
@article {pmid39855200,
year = {2025},
author = {Tan, X and Wang, D and Zhang, X and Zheng, S and Jia, X and Liu, H and Liu, Z and Yang, H and Dai, H and Chen, X and Qian, Z and Wang, R and Ma, M and Zhang, P and Yu, N and Wang, E},
title = {A pair of LysM receptors mediates symbiosis and immunity discrimination in Marchantia.},
journal = {Cell},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.cell.2024.12.024},
pmid = {39855200},
issn = {1097-4172},
abstract = {Most land plants form symbioses with microbes to acquire nutrients but also must restrict infection by pathogens. Here, we show that a single pair of lysin-motif-containing receptor-like kinases, MpaLYR and MpaCERK1, mediates both immunity and symbiosis in the liverwort Marchantia paleacea. MpaLYR has a higher affinity for long-chain (CO7) versus short-chain chitin oligomers (CO4). Although both CO7 and CO4 can activate symbiosis-related genes, CO7 triggers stronger immune responses than CO4 in a dosage-dependent manner. CO4 can inhibit CO7-induced strong immune responses, recapitulating the early response to inoculation with the symbiont arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. We show that phosphate starvation of plants increases their production of strigolactone, which stimulates CO4/CO5 secretion from mycorrhizal fungi, thereby prioritizing symbiosis over immunity. Thus, a single pair of LysM receptors mediates dosage-dependent perception of different chitin oligomers to discern symbiotic and pathogenic microbes in M. paleacea, which may facilitate terrestrialization.},
}
@article {pmid39854864,
year = {2025},
author = {Wan, S and Wang, S and Li, Y and Xie, Y and Li, Q and Fang, Y and Yin, Z and Wang, S and Zhai, Y and Tang, B},
title = {Megoura crassicauda promote the ability of Vicia faba L. to remediate cadmium pollution of water and soil.},
journal = {Ecotoxicology and environmental safety},
volume = {290},
number = {},
pages = {117777},
doi = {10.1016/j.ecoenv.2025.117777},
pmid = {39854864},
issn = {1090-2414},
abstract = {With the increasing severity of heavy metal pollution in soil and water, phytoremediation is becoming increasingly popular because of its low cost, high returns, and environmental friendliness. The use of leguminous plants such as the broad bean for heavy metal remediation is becoming a research hotspot because of their symbiotic relationship with rhizobia. This study investigated the cadmium (Cd) remediation ability of fava beans by M. crassicauda feeding on or not using both hydroponic and soil cultures containing varying concentrations of Cd. Under hydroponic conditions, the Cd content in fava beans increased significantly following aphid invasion. while the Cd content decreased after aphid infestation under soil cultivation conditions. Aphid infestation significantly decreased the Cd content in both soil and hydroponic solution. However, there were no significant changes in germination rate and phenotype. We also found that prolonged Cd treatment increased the activities of stress-related antioxidant enzymes in fava beans, including superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and malondialdehyde. After consumption by M. crassicauda, the levels of total sugar content underwent varying changes. These results demonstrate that fava beans not only exhibit high Cd tolerance but can also effectively absorb Cd ions from soil and water. Moreover, pest infestation can enhance broad bean remediation efficiency, making them potential targets for use in the phytoremediation of heavy metal pollution.},
}
@article {pmid39853059,
year = {2025},
author = {Guo, D and Liu, C and Zhu, H and Cheng, Y and Huo, X and Guo, Y and Qian, H},
title = {Food-Induced Adverse Reactions: A Review of Physiological Food Quality Control, Mucosal Defense Mechanisms, and Gastrointestinal Physiology.},
journal = {Toxics},
volume = {13},
number = {1},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/toxics13010061},
pmid = {39853059},
issn = {2305-6304},
abstract = {Although food is essential for the survival of organisms, it can also trigger a variety of adverse reactions, ranging from nutrient intolerances to celiac disease and food allergies. Food not only contains essential nutrients but also includes numerous substances that may have positive or negative effects on the consuming organism. To protect against potentially harmful components, all animals have evolved defense mechanisms, which are similar to antimicrobial defenses but often come at the cost of the organism's health. When these defensive responses are exaggerated or misdirected, they can lead to adverse food reactions, where the costs outweigh the benefits. Furthermore, due to the persistent toxicity of harmful food components, the failure of defense mechanisms can also result in pathological effects triggered by food. This article review presents a food quality control framework that aims to clarify how these reactions relate to normal physiological processes. Organisms utilize several systems to coexist with symbiotic microbes, regulate them, and concurrently avoid, expel, or neutralize harmful pathogens. Similarly, food quality control systems allow organisms to absorb necessary nutrients while defending against low-quality or harmful components in food. Although many microbes are lethal in the absence of antimicrobial defenses, diseases related to microbiome dysregulation, such as inflammatory bowel disease, have significantly increased. Antitoxin defenses also come with costs and may fail due to insufficiencies, exaggerations, or misdirected actions, ultimately leading to adverse food reactions. With the changes in human diet and lifestyle, the failure of defense mechanisms has contributed to the rising incidence of food intolerances. This review explores the mechanisms of antitoxin defenses and analyzes how their failure can lead to adverse food reactions, emphasizing the importance of a comprehensive understanding of food quality control mechanisms for developing more effective treatments for food-triggered diseases.},
}
@article {pmid39852539,
year = {2025},
author = {Svetashev, VI},
title = {Fatty Acids in Cnidaria: Distribution and Specific Functions.},
journal = {Marine drugs},
volume = {23},
number = {1},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/md23010037},
pmid = {39852539},
issn = {1660-3397},
mesh = {Animals ; *Cnidaria/metabolism/chemistry ; *Fatty Acids/metabolism ; Aquatic Organisms ; },
abstract = {The phylum Cnidaria comprises five main classes-Hydrozoa, Scyphozoa, Hexacorallia, Octocorallia and Cubozoa-that include such widely distributed and well-known animals as hard and soft corals, sea anemones, sea pens, gorgonians, hydroids, and jellyfish. Cnidarians play a very important role in marine ecosystems. The composition of their fatty acids (FAs) depends on food (plankton and particulate organic matter), symbiotic photosynthetic dinoflagellates and bacteria, and de novo biosynthesis in host tissues. In cnidarian lipids, besides the common FA characteristics of marine organisms, numerous new and rare FAs are also found. All Octocorallia species and some Scyphozoa jellyfish contain polyunsaturated FAs (PUFAs) with 24 and 26 carbon atoms. The coral families can be distinguished by specific FA profiles: the presence of uncommon FAs or high/low levels of common fatty acids. Many of the families have characteristic FAs: Acroporidae are characterized by 18:3n6, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) 20:5n3, 22:4n6, and 22:5n3; Pocilloporidae by 20:3n6, 20:4n3, and docosahexaenoic acid 22:6n3 (DHA); and Poritidae by arachidonic acid (AA) and DHA. The species of Faviidae show elevated concentrations of 18:3n6 and 22:5n3 acids. Dendrophylliidae, being azooxanthellate corals, have such dominant acids as EPA and 22:5n3 and a low content of DHA, which is the major PUFA in hermatypic corals. The major and characteristic PUFAs for Milleporidae (class Hydrozoa) are DHA and 22:5n6, though in scleractinian corals, the latter acid is found only in trace amounts.},
}
@article {pmid39852482,
year = {2025},
author = {Filippou, C and Coutts, RHA and Kotta-Loizou, I and El-Kamand, S and Papanicolaou, A},
title = {Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals Molecular Mechanisms Underpinning Mycovirus-Mediated Hypervirulence in Beauveria bassiana Infecting Tenebrio molitor.},
journal = {Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {11},
number = {1},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/jof11010063},
pmid = {39852482},
issn = {2309-608X},
abstract = {Mycoviral infection can either be asymptomatic or have marked effects on fungal hosts, influencing them either positively or negatively. To fully understand the effects of mycovirus infection on the fungal host, transcriptomic profiling of four Beauveria bassiana isolates, including EABb 92/11-Dm that harbors mycoviruses, was performed 48 h following infection of Tenebrio molitor via topical application or injection. Genes that participate in carbohydrate assimilation and transportation, and those essential for fungal survival and oxidative stress tolerance, calcium uptake, and iron uptake, were found to be overexpressed in the virus-infected isolate during the mid-infection stage. Mycotoxin genes encoding bassianolide and oosporein were switched off in all isolates. However, beauvericin, a mycotoxin capable of inducing oxidative stress at the molecular level, was expressed in all four isolates, indicating an important contribution to virulence against T. molitor. These observations suggest that detoxification of immune-related (oxidative) defenses and nutrient scouting, as mediated by these genes, occurs in mid-infection during the internal growth phase. Consequently, we observe a symbiotic relationship between mycovirus and fungus that does not afflict the host; on the contrary, it enhances the expression of key genes leading to a mycovirus-mediated hypervirulence effect.},
}
@article {pmid39852469,
year = {2025},
author = {Chacón-Fuentes, M and León-Finalé, G and Lizama, M and Gutiérrez-Gamboa, G and Martínez-Cisterna, D and Quiroz, A and Bardehle, L},
title = {Induced Defense in Ryegrass-Epichloë Symbiosis Against Listronotus bonariensis: Impact on Peramine Levels and Pest Performance.},
journal = {Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {11},
number = {1},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/jof11010050},
pmid = {39852469},
issn = {2309-608X},
support = {11240860//FONDECYT INICIACI&#xd3;N/ ; 11130715//FONDECYT INICIACI&#xd3;N/ ; },
abstract = {The Argentine stem weevil (ASW), a major pest in ryegrass pastures, causes significant agricultural losses. Ryegrass can establish a symbiotic association with Epichloë endophytic fungi, which supply chemical defenses, including peramine. This symbiosis helps protect ryegrass by providing peramine, which acts as a primary defense. In addition, ryegrass can activate induced defense mechanisms, with peramine remaining the central agent in response to herbivorous insect attacks. Therefore, this study assessed the feeding of the ASW on ryegrass carrying endophytic fungus and peramine levels in aerial organs and its effects on pest performance. Argentine stem weevil adults and larvae were placed on ryegrass leaves and stems to assess feeding. Two treatments were used: endophyte-free plants and endophyte-colonized plants. After ASW feeding damage, insect consumption was measured by the leaf area consumed. To evaluate peramine production and its increase in response to ASW attack, peramine levels in leaves were analyzed using liquid chromatography. Damaged E+ ryegrass plants showed significant increases in peramine, with adult and larval herbivory raising levels by 291% and 216% in stems and by 135% and 85% in leaves, respectively, compared to controls. Endophyte-free (E-) plants experienced more ASW damage, as insects preferred feeding on them, showing reduced activity as peramine levels rose in endophyte-infected (E+) plants. An oviposition assay confirmed insect preference for endophyte-free (E-) plants. Additionally, larvae reared on endophyte-infected (E+) plants had lower survival rates, correlating negatively with peramine levels. These results emphasize peramine's role in strengthening ryegrass defenses against ASW, impacting both feeding and larval development.},
}
@article {pmid39852449,
year = {2025},
author = {Wang, X and Zhang, Y and Li, J and Ding, Y and Ma, X and Zhang, P and Liu, H and Wei, J and Bao, Y},
title = {Diversity and Functional Insights into Endophytic Fungi in Halophytes from West Ordos Desert Ecosystems.},
journal = {Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {11},
number = {1},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/jof11010030},
pmid = {39852449},
issn = {2309-608X},
support = {2023YFF1306004//National Key Research and Development Program of China/ ; 30960309//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; },
abstract = {Arid desert regions are among the harshest ecological environments on Earth. Halophytes, with their unique physiological characteristics and adaptability, have become the dominant vegetation in these areas. Currently, research on halophytes in this region is relatively limited, particularly concerning studies related to their root endophytic fungi, which have been rarely reported on. Therefore, investigating the diversity and composition of endophytic fungi in halophytes is crucial for maintaining ecological balance in such an arid environment. This study focuses on eight representative angiosperm halophytes from the West Ordos Desert in China (including Nitraria tangutorum, Salsola passerina, Suaeda glauca, Reaumuria trigyna, Reaumuria kaschgarica, Limonium aureum, Apocynum venetum, and Tripolium vulgare), utilizing Illumina MiSeq high-throughput sequencing technology combined with soil physicochemical factor data to analyze the diversity, composition, and ecological functions of their root-associated fungal communities. Ascomycota dominated the fungal composition in most halophytes, particularly among the recretohalophytes, where it accounted for an average of 88.45%, while Basidiomycota was predominant in Suaeda glauca. A Circos analysis of the top 10 most abundant genera revealed Fusarium, Dipodascus, Curvularia, Penicillium, and other dominant genera. Co-occurrence network analysis showed significant differences in fungal networks across halophyte types, with the most complex network observed in excreting halophytes, characterized by the highest number of nodes and connections, indicating tighter fungal symbiotic relationships. In contrast, fungal networks in pseudohalophytes were relatively simple, reflecting lower community cohesiveness. Redundancy analysis (RDA) and Mantel tests demonstrated that soil factors such as organic matter, available sulfur, and urease significantly influenced fungal diversity, richness, and evenness, suggesting that soil physicochemical properties play a critical role in regulating fungal-plant symbiosis. Functional predictions indicated that endophytic fungi play important roles in metabolic pathways such as nucleotide biosynthesis, carbohydrate degradation, and lipid metabolism, which may enhance plant survival in saline-alkaline and arid environments. Furthermore, the high abundance of plant pathogens and saprotrophs in some fungal communities suggests their potential roles in plant defense and organic matter decomposition. The results of this study provide a reference for advancing the development and utilization of halophyte endophytic fungal resources, with applications in desert ecosystem restoration and halophyte cultivation.},
}
@article {pmid39852446,
year = {2025},
author = {Wang, Z and Liu, C and Tie, Y and Song, X and Wang, H and Lu, Q},
title = {Ophiostomatalean Fungi (Ascomycota, Ophiostomatales) Associated with Three Beetles from Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica in Heilongjiang, China.},
journal = {Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {11},
number = {1},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/jof11010027},
pmid = {39852446},
issn = {2309-608X},
support = {32230071//the National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 2023YFC2604801-4//the National Key R&amp;D Program of China/ ; },
abstract = {Globally, forest decline and tree mortality are rising due to climate change. As one of the important afforestation trees in northeast China, Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica is suffering from forest decline and the accompanying pests. Certain fungi from the ophiostomatalean contribute to forest pest outbreaks and can be pathogenic to pine trees. However, only a limited number of ophiostomatalean fungi associated with beetles infesting Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica have been identified. In this study, 293 ophiostomatalean fungi were isolated from Acanthocinus griseus, Ips chinensis, and Pissodes nitidus infesting Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica in Heilongjiang Province, including Graphilbum griseum sp. nov., Gra. nitidum sp. nov., Graphilbum sp., and Ophiostoma ips. Ophiostoma ips was the dominant species, followed by Graphilbum sp., Graphilbum griseum, and Gra. nitidum, which accounted for 73.38, 17.41, 7.17, and 2.05% of the isolated ophiostomatalean fungi, respectively. Fungi associated with different beetles are diverse, even within the same host. This study deepens our understanding of the pest-associated fungi of P. sylvestris var. mongolica and provides a basis for exploring the causes of forest decline.},
}
@article {pmid39852430,
year = {2024},
author = {Dovana, F and Para, R and Moreno, G and Scali, E and Garbelotto, M and Lechner, BE and Forte, L},
title = {Description of the New Species Laccaria albifolia (Hydnangiaceae, Basidiomycota) and a Reassessment of Laccaria affinis Based on Morphological and Phylogenetic Analyses.},
journal = {Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {11},
number = {1},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/jof11010011},
pmid = {39852430},
issn = {2309-608X},
abstract = {Laccaria is a diverse and widespread genus of ectomycorrhizal fungi that form symbiotic associations with various trees and shrubs, playing a significant role in forest ecosystems. Approximately 85 Laccaria species are formally recognised, but recent studies indicate this number may be an underestimation, highlighting the need for further taxonomic studies to improve our understanding of species boundaries. This manuscript focuses on Laccaria affinis, originally described by Singer in 1967 as Laccaria laccata var. affinis, and details a comprehensive study of its morphological and molecular characteristics, including the examination of its holotype and recent collections from Italy and the United Kingdom. Our findings reveal significant micromorphological traits that enhance the original description. Phylogenetic analyses indicate that L. affinis occupies a distinct clade within Northern Hemisphere Laccaria species, although minimal genetic differences challenge its independence from L. macrocystidiata. Consequently, we propose that these two taxa be considered synonymous. This study not only contributes to the understanding of Laccaria diversity but also proposes the formal designation of an epitype for L. affinis, thereby providing a foundation for future research on this ecologically significant genus. Furthermore, a new species named Laccaria albifolia belonging to the "/Laccaria bicolor complex clade" is described here on the base of six collections from Italy and Spain.},
}
@article {pmid39852253,
year = {2025},
author = {Penchev, H and Ivanova, G and Hubenov, V and Boyadzieva, I and Budurova, D and Ublekov, F and Gigova, A and Stoyanova, A},
title = {Supercapacitor Cell Performance with Bacterial Nanocellulose and Bacterial Nanocellulose/Polybenzimidazole Impregnated Membranes as Separator.},
journal = {Membranes},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/membranes15010012},
pmid = {39852253},
issn = {2077-0375},
abstract = {Supercapacitors are advanced energy storage devices renowned for their rapid energy delivery and long operational lifespan, making them indispensable across various industries. Their relevance has grown in recent years due to the adoption of environmentally friendly materials. One such material is bacterial nanocellulose (BNC), produced entirely from microbial sources, offering sustainability and a bioprocess-driven synthesis. In this study, BNC was synthesized using a symbiotic microbial community. After production and purification, pristine BNC membranes, with an average thickness of 80 microns, were impregnated with an alkali-alcohol meta-polybenzimidazole (PBI) solution. This process yielded hybrid BNC/PBI membranes with improved ion-transport properties. The BNC membranes were then doped with a 6 M KOH solution, to enhance OH[-] conductivity, and characterized using optical microscopy, ATR FT-IR, XRD, CVT, BET analysis, and impedance spectroscopy. Both BNC and BNC/PBI membranes were tested as separators in laboratory-scale symmetric supercapacitor cells, with performance compared to a commercial Viledon[®] separator. The supercapacitors employing BNC membranes exhibited high specific capacitance and excellent cycling stability, retaining performance over 10,000 charge/discharge cycles. These findings underscore the potential of BNC/KOH membranes for next-generation supercapacitor applications.},
}
@article {pmid39850652,
year = {2025},
author = {Xu, C and Zhang, J and Li, W and Guo, J},
title = {The role of Exo70s in plant defense against pathogens and insect pests and their application for crop breeding.},
journal = {Molecular breeding : new strategies in plant improvement},
volume = {45},
number = {2},
pages = {17},
pmid = {39850652},
issn = {1572-9788},
abstract = {Plant diseases caused by pathogens and pests lead to crop losses, posing a threat to global food security. The secretory pathway is an integral component of plant defense. The exocyst complex regulates the final step of the secretory pathway and is thus essential for secretory defense. In the last decades, several subunits of the exocyst complex have been reported to be involved in plant defense, especially Exo70s. This comprehensive review focuses on the functions of the exocyst Exo70s in plant immunity, particularly in recognizing pathogen and pest signatures. We discussed Exo70's interactions with immune receptors and other immune-related proteins, its symbiotic relationships with microbes, and its role in non-host resistance. Finally, we discussed the future engineering breeding of crops with resistance to pathogens and pests based on our current understanding of Exo70s.},
}
@article {pmid39850136,
year = {2024},
author = {Chadha, S and Menendez, E and Montes, N},
title = {Editorial: Women in microbe and virus interactions with plants: 2022/2023.},
journal = {Frontiers in microbiology},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1532112},
pmid = {39850136},
issn = {1664-302X},
}
@article {pmid39847448,
year = {2025},
author = {Wang, S and Luo, H},
title = {Dating the bacterial tree of life based on ancient symbiosis.},
journal = {Systematic biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/sysbio/syae071},
pmid = {39847448},
issn = {1076-836X},
abstract = {Obtaining a timescale for bacterial evolution is crucial to understand early life evolution but is difficult owing to the scarcity of bacterial fossils. Here, we introduce multiple new time constraints to calibrate bacterial evolution based on ancient symbiosis. This idea is implemented using a bacterial tree constructed with genes found in the mitochondrial lineages phylogenetically embedded within Proteobacteria. The expanded mitochondria-bacterial tree allows the node age constraints of eukaryotes established by their abundant fossils to be propagated to ancient co-evolving bacterial symbionts and across the bacterial tree of life. Importantly, we formulate a new probabilistic framework that considers uncertainty in inference of the ancestral lifestyle of modern symbionts to apply 19 relative time constraints (RTC) each informed by host-symbiont association to constrain bacterial symbionts no older than their eukaryotic host. Moreover, we develop an approach to incorporating substitution mixture models that better accommodate substitutional saturation and compositional heterogeneity for dating deep phylogenies. Our analysis estimates that the last bacterial common ancestor (LBCA) occurred approximately 4.0-3.5 billion years ago (Ga), followed by rapid divergence of major bacterial clades. It is generally robust to alternative root ages, root positions, tree topologies, fossil ages, ancestral lifestyle reconstruction, gene sets, among other factors. The obtained timetree serves as a foundation for testing hypotheses regarding bacterial diversification and its correlation with geobiological events across different timescales.},
}
@article {pmid39847340,
year = {2025},
author = {Ganley, JG and Seyedsayamdost, MR},
title = {Iron limitation triggers roseoceramide biosynthesis and membrane remodeling in marine roseobacter.},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
volume = {122},
number = {4},
pages = {e2414434122},
doi = {10.1073/pnas.2414434122},
pmid = {39847340},
issn = {1091-6490},
support = {Postdoctoral Fellowship in Marine Microbial Ecology//Simons Foundation (SF)/ ; R35 GM152049/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {*Roseobacter/metabolism ; *Iron/metabolism ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Seaweed/metabolism ; Symbiosis/physiology ; },
abstract = {Chemical communication between marine bacteria and their algal hosts drives population dynamics and ultimately determines the fate of major biogeochemical cycles in the ocean. To gain deeper insights into this small molecule exchange, we screened niche-specific metabolites as potential modulators of the secondary metabolome of the roseobacter, Roseovarius tolerans. Metabolomic analysis led to the identification of a group of cryptic lipids that we have termed roseoceramides. The roseoceramides are elicited by iron-binding algal flavonoids, which are produced by macroalgae that Roseovarius species associate with. Investigations into the mechanism of elicitation show that iron limitation in R. tolerans initiates a stress response that results in lowered oxidative phosphorylation, increased import and catabolism of algal exudates, and reconfiguration of lipid ynthesis to prioritize production of roseoceramides over phospholipids, likely to fortify membrane integrity as well as promote a sessile and symbiotic lifestyle. Our findings add new small molecule words and their "meanings" to the algal-bacterial lexicon and have implications for the initiation of these interactions.},
}
@article {pmid39847211,
year = {2025},
author = {de Araújo, TGF and Rodrigues, EP and Hungria, M and Barcellos, FG},
title = {Soil and climatic conditions determine the rhizobia in association with Phaseolus vulgaris in southern Brazil.},
journal = {Brazilian journal of microbiology : [publication of the Brazilian Society for Microbiology]},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {39847211},
issn = {1678-4405},
support = {465133/2014-4//Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient&#xed;fico e Tecnol&#xf3;gico/ ; },
abstract = {The common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) plays a significant economic and social role in Brazil. However, the national average yield remains relatively low, largely because most bean cultivation is undertaken by small-scale farmers. In this context, biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) is an effective strategy for improving crop yield. Therefore, it is important to identify novel rhizobial strains well suited to local climatic conditions. This study used Phaseolus vulgaris as a trap plant in soils from three distinct conservation areas (Ponta Grossa, Ortigueira, and Londrina) within Paraná State, Brazil. The soil chemical analysis revealed that the pH values in the Ponta Grossa and Ortigueira regions were low, whereas the Ortigueira region exhibited elevated aluminum levels. A total of 94 strains were obtained from the nodules of plants and subjected to analysis for their morphological and genetic properties. No nodules were observed in the Ortigueira region. In the Ponta Grossa region, most of the strains were identified as belonging to the genus Paraburkholderia, whereas all strains from Londrina were identified as Rhizobium. The 16S rRNA gene phylogenetic analysis revealed a high degree of genetic similarity between the Paraburkholderia and Rhizobium strains. These findings indicate that soil chemical properties (pH and aluminum level) and climate conditions may have a significant impact on the symbiotic association between rhizobia and common bean.},
}
@article {pmid39847210,
year = {2025},
author = {Moura, FT and Delai, CV and Klepa, MS and Ribeiro, RA and Nogueira, MA and Hungria, M},
title = {Unveiling remarkable bacterial diversity trapped by cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) nodules inoculated with soils from indigenous lands in Central-Western Brazil.},
journal = {Brazilian journal of microbiology : [publication of the Brazilian Society for Microbiology]},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {39847210},
issn = {1678-4405},
support = {CNPq 465133/2014-4, Funda&#xe7;&#xe3;o Arauc&#xe1;ria-STI 043/2019, CAPES//INCT - Plant Growth Promoting Microorganisms for Agricultural Sustainability and Environmental Responsibility/ ; },
abstract = {Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) is recognized as a promiscuous legume in its symbiotic relationships with rhizobia, capable of forming associations with a wide range of bacterial species. Our study focused on assessing the diversity of bacterial strains present in cowpea nodules when inoculated with soils from six indigenous lands of Mato Grosso do Sul state, Central-Western Brazil, comprising the Cerrado and the Pantanal biomes, which are known for their rich diversity. The DNA profiles (BOX-PCR) of 89 strains indicated great genetic diversity, with 20 groups and 23 strains occupying single positions, and all strains grouped at a final similarity level of only 25%. Further characterization using 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed a diverse array of bacterial genera associated with the cowpea nodules. The strains (number in parenthesis) were classified into ten genera: Agrobacterium (47), Ancylobacter (2), Burkholderia (12), Ensifer (1), Enterobacter (1), Mesorhizobium (1), Microbacterium (1), Paraburkholderia (1), Rhizobium (22), and Stenotrophomonas (1), split into four different classes. Notably, only Ensifer, Mesorhizobium, Rhizobium, and Paraburkholderia are classified as rhizobia. Phylogenetic analysis was conducted based on the classes of the identified genera and the type strains of the closest species. Our integrated analyses, combining phenotypic, genotypic, and phylogenetic approaches, highlighted the significant promiscuity of cowpea in associating with a diverse array of bacteria within nodules, showcasing the Brazilian soils as a hotspot of bacterial diversity.},
}
@article {pmid39846764,
year = {2025},
author = {Welmillage, SU and James, EK and Tak, N and Shedge, S and Huang, L and Muszyński, A and Azadi, P and Gyaneshwar, P},
title = {A rhamnose-rich O-antigen of Paraburkholderia phymatum MP20 is required for symbiosis with Mimosa pudica.},
journal = {Journal of bacteriology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e0042224},
doi = {10.1128/jb.00422-24},
pmid = {39846764},
issn = {1098-5530},
abstract = {Paraburkholderia phymatum, a β-proteobacterium, forms a nitrogen-fixing symbiosis with many species of the large legume genus Mimosa as well as with common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Paraburkholderia are considered to have evolved nodulation independently from the well-studied α-proteobacteria symbionts of legumes. However, the detailed mechanisms important for β-rhizobia-legume symbiosis have not yet been determined. In this manuscript, we have sequenced the genome of P. phymatum MP20, a strain isolated from Mimosa pudica nodules, and utilized transposon mutagenesis to identify a mutant that showed delayed and ineffective nodulation of M. pudica. Further analysis revealed that the mutant strain produced an altered lipopolysaccharide lacking rhamnose containing O-antigen. Complementation with the wild-type gene restored the symbiosis. Microscopic analysis of the ineffective nodules showed that the mutant strain did not infect the cortical cells but was restricted to the endodermis. The results suggest that the O-antigen of P. phymatum is important for the bacterial infection of cortical cells and for nodule maturation. Further research will unveil the specific involvement of the glycosyltransferase gene in LPS biosynthesis and its impact on successful nodule formation by P. phymatum.IMPORTANCEThe nitrogen-fixing symbiosis between legumes and rhizobia is important for agricultural and environmental sustainability. The mechanisms of the symbiotic interactions are extensively studied using α-rhizobia. In contrast, mechanisms of symbiotic interactions important for β-rhizobia and their Caesalpinioid (mimosoid) legume hosts are not well known. Here, we describe the genome sequence of P. phymatum MP20, a β-rhizobia isolated from the nodules of M. pudica, and isolation and characterization of a transposon mutant defective in symbiosis. We demonstrate that the O-antigen of the LPS is required for nodulation and symbiotic nitrogen fixation. This study broadens our knowledge of symbiotic interactions in β-rhizobia and will lead to a better understanding of the wider rhizobial-legume symbiosis apart from the α-rhizobia.},
}
@article {pmid39846424,
year = {2025},
author = {Zhu, C and Wang, E and Li, Z and Ouyang, H},
title = {Advances in Symbiotic Bioabsorbable Devices.},
journal = {Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e2410289},
doi = {10.1002/advs.202410289},
pmid = {39846424},
issn = {2198-3844},
support = {2023YFC2411901//National Key Research and Development Program of China/ ; 2023176//Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS/ ; 7232347//Beijing Natural Science Foundation/ ; L212010//Beijing Natural Science Foundation/ ; 2024047//Beijing Nova Program/ ; E0EG6802&#xd7;2//Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities/ ; E2E45101&#xd7;2//Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities/ ; 62004010//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 52373256//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; T2125003//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; },
abstract = {Symbiotic bioabsorbable devices are ideal for temporary treatment. This eliminates the boundaries between the device and organism and develops a symbiotic relationship by degrading nutrients that directly enter the cells, tissues, and body to avoid the hazards of device retention. Symbiotic bioresorbable electronics show great promise for sensing, diagnostics, therapy, and rehabilitation, as underpinned by innovations in materials, devices, and systems. This review focuses on recent advances in bioabsorbable devices. Innovation is focused on the material, device, and system levels. Significant advances in biomedical applications are reviewed, including integrated diagnostics, tissue repair, cardiac pacing, and neurostimulation. In addition to the material, device, and system issues, the challenges and trends in symbiotic bioresorbable electronics are discussed.},
}
@article {pmid39845493,
year = {2024},
author = {Safavi-Rizi, V and Friedlein, H and Safavi-Rizi, S and Krajinski-Barth, F},
title = {The impact of arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization on flooding response of Medicago truncatula.},
journal = {Frontiers in plant science},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1512350},
pmid = {39845493},
issn = {1664-462X},
abstract = {Climate change is expected to lead to an increase in precipitation and flooding. Consequently, plants that are adapted to dry conditions have to adjust to frequent flooding periods. In this study, we investigate the flooding response of Medicago truncatula, a Mediterranean plant adapted to warm and dry conditions. Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis plays a key role in enhancing plant growth and stress tolerance, yet its interactions with environmental stressors such as flooding remain poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the effects of mycorrhizal colonization and flooding stress on the growth, physiological and molecular responses of M. truncatula wild-type (WT) and ha1-2 mutant lines. ha1-2 mutant plants are unable to form a functional symbiosis with AM fungi as they are impaired in the proton pump required for phosphate transport from AM fungus to the plant. Over a six-week period, WT and ha1-2 plants were cultivated in the presence of Rhizophagus irregularis and subsequently subjected to a 10-day waterlogging treatment. Our results indicated that under control and also flooding conditions, WT mycorrhizal plants exhibited increased dry biomass compared to non-mycorrhizal WT plants. In contrast, the ha1-2 mutant plants did not show the enhanced biomass gain associated with AM symbiosis. The decline in biomass in response to flooding was more pronounced in mycorrhizal plants compared to the non-mycorrhizal plants. In mycorrhizal plants, flooding suppressed the transcript levels of MtPt4 gene in both WT, although not significantly, and ha1-2 mutant lines. Gene expression analysis showed modulation in genes related to nitrogen metabolism and hypoxic response. A strong upregulation of the MtGNS1 transcript (~3000-fold) was observed in WT, however, this upregulation was milder in the ha1-2 plants. Our findings suggest that while AMF symbiosis positively affects plant biomass under control conditions, its beneficial effects were attenuated under flooding stress. Future research will focus on understanding the molecular mechanisms behind AMF modulation of flooding stress responses, including nutrient uptake and metabolism, stress tolerance, and recovery post-flooding. These results will facilitate the enhancement of AMF-based strategies to improve plant resilience against climate change-induced flooding events.},
}
@article {pmid39845035,
year = {2024},
author = {Zhou, H and Yu, K and Nie, L and Liu, L and Zhou, J and Wu, K and Ye, H and Wu, Z},
title = {Effects of biological agents on rhizosphere microecological environment and nutrient availability for rice.},
journal = {Frontiers in microbiology},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1447527},
pmid = {39845035},
issn = {1664-302X},
abstract = {As the world's population grows, pursuing sustainable agricultural production techniques to increase crop yields is critical to ensuring global food security. The development and application of biological agents is of great significance in promoting the sustainable development of agriculture. This study aimed to investigate the role of JZ (compound microbial agent) and MZ (biological agent made from plant materials) in improving the rhizosphere microecological environment and nutrient availability for rice. This study found that JZ enriched Cyanobacteria with biological nitrogen fixation functions; spraying MZ can enrich some beneficial microbiota, such as Bradyrhizobium, playing a role in symbiotic nitrogen fixation. Meanwhile, JZ and MZ were found to affect rhizosphere soil metabolism and improve potassium and nitrogen availability. JZ may promote the degradation of fungicides in the rhizosphere soil environment. Overall, applying biological agents through optimizing rice growing environment to improve yield showed great potential.},
}
@article {pmid39844274,
year = {2025},
author = {Camper, BT and Kanes, AS and Laughlin, ZT and Manuel, RT and Bewick, SA},
title = {Transgressive hybrids as hopeful holobionts.},
journal = {Microbiome},
volume = {13},
number = {1},
pages = {19},
pmid = {39844274},
issn = {2049-2618},
mesh = {*Hybridization, Genetic ; *Symbiosis ; *Microbiota ; Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Bacteria/genetics/classification ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Hybridization between evolutionary lineages has profound impacts on the fitness and ecology of hybrid progeny. In extreme cases, the effects of hybridization can transcend ecological timescales by introducing trait novelty upon which evolution can act. Indeed, hybridization can even have macroevolutionary consequences, for example, as a driver of adaptive radiations and evolutionary innovations. Accordingly, hybridization is now recognized as a motor for macrobial evolution. By contrast, there has been substantially less progress made towards understanding the positive eco-evolutionary consequences of hybridization on holobionts. Rather, the emerging paradigm in holobiont literature is that hybridization disrupts symbiosis between a host lineage and its microbiome, leaving hybrids at a fitness deficit. These conclusions, however, have been drawn based on results from predominantly low-fitness hybrid organisms. Studying "dead-end" hybrids all but guarantees finding that hybridization is detrimental. This is the pitfall that Dobzhansky fell into over 80 years ago when he used hybrid sterility and inviability to conclude that hybridization hinders evolution. Goldschmidt, however, argued that rare saltational successes-so-called hopeful monsters-disproportionately drive positive evolutionary outcomes. Goldschmidt's view is now becoming a widely accepted explanation for the prevalence of historical hybridization in extant macrobial lineages. Aligning holobiont research with this broader evolutionary perspective requires recognizing the importance of similar patterns in host-microbiome systems. That is, rare and successful "hopeful holobionts" (i.e., hopeful monsters at the holobiont scale) might be disproportionately responsible for holobiont evolution. If true, then it is these successful systems that we should be studying to assess impacts of hybridization on the macroevolutionary trajectories of host-microbiome symbioses.<br><br>RESULTS: In this paper, we explore the effects of hybridization on the gut (cloacal) and skin microbiota in an ecologically successful hybrid lizard, Aspidoscelis neomexicanus. Specifically, we test the hypothesis that hybrid lizards have host-associated (HA) microbiota traits strongly differentiated from their progenitor species. Across numerous hybrid microbiota phenotypes, we find widespread evidence of transgressive segregation. Further, microbiota restructuring broadly correlates with niche restructuring during hybridization. This suggests a relationship between HA microbiota traits and ecological success.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Transgressive segregation of HA microbiota traits is&#xa0;not only limited to hybrids at a fitness deficit but also occurs in ecologically successful hybrids. This suggests that hybridization may be a mechanism for generating novel and potentially beneficial holobiont phenotypes. Supporting such a conclusion, the correlations that we find between hybrid microbiota and the hybrid niche indicate that hybridization might change host microbiota in ways that promote a shift or an expansion in host niche space. If true, hybrid microbiota restructuring may underly ecological release from progenitors. This, in turn, could drive evolutionary diversification. Using our system as an example, we elaborate on the evolutionary implications of host hybridization within the context of holobiont theory and then outline the next steps for understanding the role of hybridization in holobiont research. Video Abstract.},
}
@article {pmid39842377,
year = {2025},
author = {Sun, L and Wang, D and Liu, X and Zhou, Y and Wang, S and Guan, X and Huang, W and Wang, C and Gong, B and Xie, Z},
title = {The GlnE protein of Azorhizobium caulinodans ORS571 plays a crucial role in the nodulation process of the legume host Sesbania rostrata.},
journal = {Microbiological research},
volume = {293},
number = {},
pages = {128072},
doi = {10.1016/j.micres.2025.128072},
pmid = {39842377},
issn = {1618-0623},
abstract = {The GlnE enzyme, functioning as an adenylyltransferase/adenylyl-removing enzyme, plays a crucial role in reversible adenylylation of glutamine synthetase (GS), which in turn regulates bacterial nitrogen assimilation. Genomic analysis of Azorhizobium caulinodans ORS571 revealed an open reading frame encoding a GlnE protein, whose function in the free-living and symbiotic states remains to be elucidated. A glnE deletion mutant retained high GS activity even under nitrogen-rich conditions. However, a reduction in growth was observed for the mutant strain at lower NH4[+] concentrations than for the wild-type strain. Furthermore, the ΔglnE mutant strain showed reduced motility on ammonium-containing media. Inactivation of GlnE led to an increase in root adhesion, biofilm formation, and nodulation on Sesbania rostrata. Nevertheless, the nodules induced by the glnE mutant strain were ineffective. In addition, A. caulinodans GlnE played a significant role in enhancing resistance against environmental stresses, such as heat, heavy metals, and cumene hydroperoxide. This study demonstrates that GlnE plays multiple regulatory roles in A. caulinodans beyond nitrogen metabolism and is essential for establishing symbiotic relationships with host plants.},
}
@article {pmid39839660,
year = {2025},
author = {Mitcov, A and Ko, D and Ko, K and Kim, J and Oh, NH and Kim, HS and Choe, H and Chung, H},
title = {Composition of soil fungal communities and microbial activity along an elevational gradient in Mt. Jiri, Republic of Korea.},
journal = {PeerJ},
volume = {13},
number = {},
pages = {e18762},
pmid = {39839660},
issn = {2167-8359},
mesh = {*Soil Microbiology ; *Altitude ; Republic of Korea ; *Fungi/enzymology/isolation &amp; purification ; *Soil/chemistry ; Biomass ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Ecosystem ; Mycobiome ; Climate Change ; },
abstract = {Approximately 64% of the Republic of Korea comprises mountainous areas, which as cold and high-altitude regions are gravely affected by climate change. Within the mountainous and the alpine-subalpine ecosystems, microbial communities play a pivotal role in biogeochemical cycling and partly regulate climate change through such cycles. We investigated the composition and function of microbial communities, with a focus on fungal communities, in Republic of Korea's second tallest mountain, Mt. Jiri, along a four-point-altitude gradient: 600-, 1,000-, 1,200-, and 1,400-m. Soil pH and elevation were negatively correlated, with soils becoming more acidic at higher altitude. Of the five soil enzyme activities analyzed, cellobiohydrolase, β-1,4-glucosidase, and β-1,4-xylosidase activity showed differences among the elevation levels, with lower activity at 600 m than that at 1,400 m. Soil microbial biomass correlated positively with increasing elevation and soil water content. The decrease in β-1,4-N-acetylglucosaminidase suggests a reduction in fungal biomass with increasing altitude, while factors other than elevation may influence the increase in activity of the cellobiohydrolase, β-1,4-glucosidase and β-1,4-xylosidase. Fungal alpha diversity did not exhibit an elevational trend, whereas beta diversity formed two clusters (600-1,000 m and 1,200-1,400 m). Community composition was similar among the elevations, with Basidiomycota being the most predominant phylum, followed by Ascomycota. Conversely, among the fungal communities at 1,000 m, Ascomycota was the most dominant, possibly due to increased pathotroph percentage. Elevational gradients induce changes in soil properties, vegetation, and climate factors such as temperature and precipitation, all of which impact soil microbial communities and altogether create a mutually reinforcing system. Hence, inspection of elevation-based microbial communities can aid in inferring ecosystem properties, specifically those related to nutrient cycling, and can partly help assess the oncoming direct and indirect effects of climate change.},
}
@article {pmid39838803,
year = {2025},
author = {Chan, WY and Sakamoto, R and Doering, T and Narayana, VK and De Souza, DP and McConville, MJ and van Oppen, MJH},
title = {Heat-Evolved Microalgae (Symbiodiniaceae) Are Stable Symbionts and Influence Thermal Tolerance of the Sea Anemone Exaiptasia diaphana.},
journal = {Environmental microbiology},
volume = {27},
number = {1},
pages = {e70011},
pmid = {39838803},
issn = {1462-2920},
support = {DE240100317//Australian Research Council/ ; FL180100036//Australian Research Council/ ; APP1154540//National Health and Medical Research Council/ ; //Westpac Research Fellowship/ ; },
mesh = {*Sea Anemones/physiology ; *Symbiosis ; Animals ; *Thermotolerance ; *Hot Temperature ; Microalgae/metabolism ; Dinoflagellida/physiology ; },
abstract = {Symbiotic cnidarians, such as sea anemones and corals, rely on their mutualistic microalgal partners (Symbiodiniaceae) for survival. Marine heatwaves can disrupt this partnership, and it has been proposed that introducing experimentally evolved, heat-tolerant algal symbionts could enhance host thermotolerance. To test this hypothesis, the sea anemone Exaiptasia diaphana (a coral model) was inoculated with either the heterologous wild type or heat-evolved algal symbiont, Cladocopium proliferum, and homologous wild-type Breviolum minutum. The novel symbioses persisted for 1.5 years and determined holobiont thermotolerance during a simulated summer heatwave. Anemones hosting SS8, one of the six heat-evolved strains tested, exhibited the highest thermotolerance. Notably, anemones hosting the wild-type C. proliferum (WT10) were the second most thermally tolerant group, whereas anemones hosting the heat-evolved SS5 or SS9 strains were among the most thermosensitive. Elevated temperatures led to an increase in the levels of many amino acids and a decrease in tricarboxylic acid (TCA) metabolites in all anemone hosts, potentially indicating an increase in autophagy and a reduction in energy and storage production. Some consistent differences were observed in changes in metabolite levels between anemone groups in response to elevated temperature, suggesting that the algal symbiont influenced host metabolome and nutritional budget.},
}
@article {pmid39837882,
year = {2025},
author = {Zhao, X and Shao, B and Su, J and Tian, N},
title = {Exploring synergistic evolution of carbon emissions and air pollutants and spatiotemporal heterogeneity of influencing factors in Chinese cities.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {2657},
pmid = {39837882},
issn = {2045-2322},
support = {No. 62072363//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; No.21YJZH138//the General Program of Humanities and Social Sciences Research, Ministry of Education/ ; },
abstract = {The acceleration of urbanization has significantly exacerbated climate change due to excessive anthropogenic carbon emissions and air pollutants. Based on data from 281 prefecture-level cities in China between 2015 and 2021. The spatiotemporal co-evolution of urban carbon emissions and air pollutants was analyzed through map visualization and kernel density estimation, revealing non-equilibrium and heterogeneity. Extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) multiscale geographically weighted regression models(MGWR) and SHAP theory from game theory were employed to deeply investigate the disparities in relevance, spatial heterogeneity, and multiscale fluctuations of carbon emissions and air pollution. The main results are summarized as follows: (1) Between 2015 and 2018, CO2 emissions exhibited significant fluctuations, while SO2 and PM2.5 concentrations decreased markedly. (2) The XGBoost-SHAP model identified seven key driving factors, demonstrating high precision, the SHAP model is used to explain the model and reveal the influence of driving factors on carbon emissions. (3) The concentrations of CO2, SO2, and PM2.5 were positively correlated, the influence of each factor exhibited significant spatiotemporal differences, with varying directions of fluctuation across different regions. Thus, the symbiotic relationship between carbon emissions and air pollutants can inform decision-making for regional planning and sustainable urban development.},
}
@article {pmid39836459,
year = {2025},
author = {Li, J and King, K},
title = {Microbial Primer: Microbiome and thermal tolerance - a new frontier in climate resilience?.},
journal = {Microbiology (Reading, England)},
volume = {171},
number = {1},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1099/mic.0.001523},
pmid = {39836459},
issn = {1465-2080},
mesh = {*Microbiota/physiology ; Animals ; *Climate Change ; *Symbiosis ; Thermotolerance ; Bacteria/genetics/classification ; Host Microbial Interactions/physiology ; Temperature ; },
abstract = {Microbiome-animal host symbioses are ubiquitous in nature. Animal-associated microbiomes can play a crucial role in host physiology, health and resilience to environmental stressors. As climate change drives rising global temperatures and increases the frequency of thermal extremes, microbiomes are emerging as a new frontier in buffering vulnerable animals against temperature fluctuations. In this primer, we briefly introduce key concepts of microbiome-host symbiosis and microbial responses to temperature shifts. We then summarize the current evidence and understanding of how microbes can buffer the thermal stress faced by their hosts. We identify key challenges for future research. Finally, we emphasize the potential of harnessing microbiomes to improve conservation strategies in a rapidly changing climate, offering a concise overview of this evolving field.},
}
@article {pmid39836170,
year = {2025},
author = {Prakash, S and Kumar, A},
title = {Life in the dead shell: utilization of dead Pinna shells by the blenny fish Petroscirtes variabilis Cantor, 1849 (Blennidae).},
journal = {Die Naturwissenschaften},
volume = {112},
number = {1},
pages = {9},
pmid = {39836170},
issn = {1432-1904},
mesh = {Animals ; *Phylogeny ; India ; Animal Shells/anatomy &amp; histology ; Fishes/classification/physiology/anatomy &amp; histology ; Ecosystem ; },
abstract = {The seagrass ecosystem supports a diverse range of marine life, including fish, crabs, and seahorses. It plays a vital role in providing essential services such as habitat creation, nutrient cycling, and shoreline stabilization. In the present study, we conducted line intercept transects to assess the abundance of Pinna shells in seagrass meadows of the Sangumal region in the Palk Bay, India. Among the 30 transects surveyed, we observed a total of 33 Pinna shells. Ten shells were found to be empty, while 6 hosted blenny fish. The fish were identified as saber-tooth blenny Petroscirtes variabilis Cantor, 1849, via integrative taxonomy (morphology + cytochrome oxidase subunit I gene phylogeny). The phylogenetic tree based on the maximum likelihood inference method indicated that P. variabilis clustered together with other sequences of P. variabilis available in the NCBI GenBank. We also revealed the importance of empty Pinna shells acting as refugia for blenny fish, which was evident from the presence of eggs attached to the shells.},
}
@article {pmid39836086,
year = {2025},
author = {Xia, R and Yin, X and Balcazar, JL and Huang, D and Liao, J and Wang, D and Alvarez, PJJ and Yu, P},
title = {Bacterium-Phage Symbiosis Facilitates the Enrichment of Bacterial Pathogens and Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria in the Plastisphere.},
journal = {Environmental science &amp; technology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1021/acs.est.4c08265},
pmid = {39836086},
issn = {1520-5851},
abstract = {The plastisphere, defined as the ecological niche for microbial colonization of plastic debris, has been recognized as a hotspot of pathogenic and antibiotic-resistant bacteria. However, the interactions between bacteria and phages facilitated by the plastisphere, as well as their impact on microbial risks to public health, remain unclear. Here, we analyzed public metagenomic data from 180 plastisphere and environmental samples, stemming from four different habitats and two plastic types (biodegradable and nonbiodegradable plastics) and obtained 611 nonredundant metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) and 4061 nonredundant phage contigs. The plastisphere phage community exhibited decreased diversity and virulent proportion compared to those found in environments. Indexes of phage-host interaction networks indicated significant associations of phages with pathogenic and antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB), particularly for biodegradable plastics. Known phage-encoded auxiliary metabolic genes (AMGs) were involved in nutrient metabolism, antibiotic production, quorum sensing, and biofilm formation in the plastisphere, which contributed to enhanced competition and survival of pathogens and ARB hosts. Phages also carried transcriptionally active virulence factor genes (VFGs) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), and could mediate their horizontal transfer in microbial communities. Overall, these discoveries suggest that plastisphere phages form symbiotic relationships with their hosts, and that phages encoding AMGs and mediating horizontal gene transfer (HGT) could increase the source of pathogens and antibiotic resistance from the plastisphere.},
}
@article {pmid39836041,
year = {2025},
author = {Wang, G and Zeng, Y and Bu, Y and Yuan, X and Peng, M and Zhao, Q and Wang, Y},
title = {Draft genome sequence of Armillaria calvescens strain YAFA0618 associated with Gastrodia elata.},
journal = {Microbiology resource announcements},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e0085824},
doi = {10.1128/mra.00858-24},
pmid = {39836041},
issn = {2576-098X},
abstract = {Armillaria calvescens is a symbiotic fungus of Gastrodia elata. Here, we present a draft genome sequence of A. calvescens strain YAFA0618. The genome resource will support subsequent research into the relationship between A. calvescens and G. elata.},
}
@article {pmid39835397,
year = {2025},
author = {Motta, MCM and Camelo, TM and Cerdeira, CMC and Gonçalves, CS and Borghesan, TC and Villalba-Alemán, E and de Souza, W and Teixeira, MMG and de Camargo, EFP},
title = {Phylogenetic and structural characterization of Kentomonas inusitatus n. sp.: Unique insect trypanosomatid of the Strigomonadinae subfamily naturally lacking bacterial endosymbiont.},
journal = {The Journal of eukaryotic microbiology},
volume = {72},
number = {1},
pages = {e13083},
doi = {10.1111/jeu.13083},
pmid = {39835397},
issn = {1550-7408},
support = {E-26/201.011/2021//Funda&#xe7;&#xe3;o Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo &#xe0; Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro/ ; 2016/07487-0//Funda&#xe7;&#xe3;o de Amparo &#xe0; Pesquisa do Estado de S&#xe3;o Paulo/ ; 305299/2022-0//Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient&#xed;fico e Tecnol&#xf3;gico/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Trypanosomatina/classification/genetics/isolation &amp; purification/ultrastructure ; *Phylogeny ; *Symbiosis ; Brazil ; Uganda ; DNA, Protozoan/genetics ; DNA, Bacterial/genetics ; },
abstract = {All insect trypanosomatids of the subfamily Strigomonadinae harbor a proteobacterial symbiont in their cytoplasm and unique ultrastructural cell organization. Here, we report an unexpected finding within the Strigomonadinae subfamily: the identification of a new species lacking bacterial symbiont, represented by two isolates obtained from Calliphoridae flies in Brazil and Uganda. This species is hereby designated as Kentomonas inusitatus n. sp. Molecular investigations targeting symbiont DNA, cell proliferation, and ultrastructural analyses agreed with the absence of bacterial symbionts in cultured flagellates. PCR-screening specifically targeting symbiont DNA corroborated the absence of symbionts in K. inusitatus present in the intestine of the respective host flies. K. inusitatus exhibited forms varying in size and shape. While displaying overall ultrastructural features of the Strigomonadinae, the novel species showed mitochondrial branches juxtaposed to the plasma membrane in locations both without and notable, with subpellicular microtubules. The discovery of the first Strigomonadinae species naturally lacking a symbiont and closely related to K. sorsogonicus, suggests a unique evolutionary history for the genus Kentomonas. Our findings provide novel insights into the complex relationships between trypanosomatids and their symbionts.},
}
@article {pmid39834927,
year = {2024},
author = {Liu, Y and Liao, J and Tang, S and Zhou, C and Tan, Z and Salem, AZM},
title = {Physicochemical profiles of mixed ruminal microbes in response to surface tension and specific surface area.},
journal = {Frontiers in veterinary science},
volume = {11},
number = {},
pages = {1514952},
pmid = {39834927},
issn = {2297-1769},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: In ruminants, a symbiotic rumen microbiota is responsible for supporting the digestion of dietary fiber and contributes to health traits closely associated with meat and milk quality. A holistic view of the physicochemical profiles of mixed rumen microbiota (MRM) is not well-illustrated.<br><br>METHODS: The experiment was performed with a 3 &#xd7; 4 factorial arrangement of the specific surface area (SSA: 3.37, 3.73, and 4.44 m[2]/g) of NDF extracted from rice straw and the surface tension (ST: 54, 46, 43, and 36 dyn/cm) of a fermented medium in a fermentation time series of 6, 12, 24, 48 h with three experimental units. Here, we used three rumen-fistulated adult Liuyang black goats as the rumen liquid donors for this experiment.<br><br>RESULTS: It was found that increasing SSA decreased the average acetate/propionate ratio (A/P, p < 0.05) and increased the molarity of propionate (p < 0.05). Increasing ST decreased total volatile fatty acid (tVFA) concentration (p < 0.01). Greater SSA increased (p < 0.01) MRM hydrophobicity, whereas increasing ST increased MRM cell membrane permeability (p < 0.01). The neutral detergent fiber digestibility (NDFD, r = 0.937) and tVFA (r = 0.809) were positively correlated with the membrane permeability of MRM.<br><br>DISCUSSION: The surface tension of the artificial medium and substrate-specific surface area had a significant influence on MRM's fermentation profiles, hydrophobicity, and permeability. The results suggest that physical environmental properties are key in regulating rumen fermentation function and homeostasis in the gastrointestinal tract ecosystem.},
}
@article {pmid39834362,
year = {2024},
author = {Li, T and Gao, Z and Zhou, P and Huang, M and Wang, G and Xu, J and Deng, W and Wang, M},
title = {Structures and determinants of soil microbiomes along a steep elevation gradient in Southwest China.},
journal = {Frontiers in microbiology},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1504134},
pmid = {39834362},
issn = {1664-302X},
abstract = {Soil microbial communities play a vital role in accelerating nutrient cycling and stabilizing ecosystem functions in forests. However, the diversity of soil microbiome and the mechanisms driving their distribution patterns along elevational gradients in montane areas remain largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the soil microbial diversity along an elevational gradient from 650 m to 3,800 m above sea level in southeast Tibet, China, through DNA metabarcode sequencing of both the bacterial and fungal communities. Our results showed that the dominant bacterial phyla across elevations were Proteobacteria, Acidobacteriota and Actinobacteriota, and the dominant fungal phyla were Ascomycota and Basidiomycota. The Simpson indices of both soil bacteria and fungi demonstrated a hollow trend along the elevational gradient, with an abrupt decrease in bacterial and fungal diversity at 2,600 m a.s.l. in coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forests (CBM). Soil bacterial chemoheterotrophy was the dominant lifestyle and was predicted to decrease with increasing elevation. In terms of fungal lifestyles, saprophytic and symbiotic fungi were the dominant functional communities but their relative abundance was negatively correlated with increasing elevation. Environmental factors including vegetation type (VEG), altitude (ALT), soil pH, total phosphorus (TP), nitrate nitrogen (NO3 [-]-N), and polyphenol oxidase (ppo) all exhibited significant influence on the bacterial community structure, whereas VEG, ALT, and the carbon to nitrogen ratio (C/N) were significantly associated with the fungal community structure. The VPA results indicated that edaphic factors explained 37% of the bacterial community variations, while C/N, ALT, and VEG explained 49% of the total fungal community variations. Our study contributes significantly to our understanding of forest ecosystems in mountainous regions with large elevation changes, highlighting the crucial role of soil environmental factors in shaping soil microbial communities and their variations in specific forest ecosystems.},
}
@article {pmid39832421,
year = {2025},
author = {Cubillos, VM and Montory, JA and Chaparro, OR and Cruces, E and Segura, CJ and Ramírez-Kuschel, EF and Mardones, DA and Valdivia, N and Paredes-Molina, FJ and Echeverría-Pérez, I and Salas-Yanquin, LP and Büchner-Miranda, JA},
title = {Leaving the incubation chamber: Cellular and physiological challenges of the juvenile stage of the sea anemone Anthopleura hermaphroditica (Carlgren, 1899) to cope with fluctuating environmental stressors in the Quempillén estuary, southern Chile.},
journal = {Marine environmental research},
volume = {204},
number = {},
pages = {106962},
doi = {10.1016/j.marenvres.2025.106962},
pmid = {39832421},
issn = {1879-0291},
abstract = {Environmental stress on early life stages has severe consequences for individual performance and population dynamics. The internal incubation process of the symbiotic intertidal anemone Anthopleura hermaphroditica ends when the juveniles leave the gastrovascular cavity of the adult, at which moment they are exposed to a highly stressful environment due to tidal changes and environmental radiation in the Quempillén estuary. To determine the cellular and physiological tolerance capabilities of juvenile anemones to changes in salinity and environmental radiation resulting from the abandonment of the gastrovascular cavity, an experiment with an orthogonal design was performed on individuals exposed to four levels of salinity (30.0, 22.5, 15.0 and 7.5 psu) and two of solar radiation (P/<400-700 nm; PAB/<280-700 nm). The cellular response was evaluated by estimation of peroxidative damage and total antioxidant capacity. In addition, the effects of salinity and radiation on the photosynthetic process (with and without inhibition of the photosynthetic process by the addition of 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea (DCMU)) and on the oxygen consumption rate were determined. Finally, the mean maximum effective concentration (EC50) was determined for each of the experimental conditions. Overall, salinity, radiation and photosynthetic condition (and their interaction) influence the level of lipid peroxidation and total antioxidant capacity of juvenile A. hermaphroditica. Thus, levels of oxidative damage and antioxidant response increase with decreasing salinity and are exacerbated at salinities of 7.5 psu combined with UV-R radiation (PAB treatment). Photosynthesis by the zooxanthellae of the symbiont complex not only increases cell damage and antioxidant response, but also generates elevated oxygen levels higher than those utilized by the anemone through oxygen consumption rate. In this context, salinities ≤15 and ≤ 22.5 psu reduce oxygen production/consumption by the symbiont complex under P and PAB conditions, respectively. Consequently, juveniles photosynthesizing in the presence of PAB generate narrower physiological tolerance ranges to hyposaline conditions (EC50 = 23 psu) than non-photosynthetic organisms exposed to P radiation treatment alone (EC50 = 18 psu). Future studies are needed to determine the effect of radiation on the release of juvenile A. hermaphroditica from the gastrovascular cavity of adult anemones. Therefore, symbiotic photosynthetic activity mediates the interdependent effects of salinity and radiation on juveniles' cellular responses and physiological capabilities.},
}
@article {pmid39832384,
year = {2025},
author = {Wang, Y and Du, Y},
title = {Hypothesis for Molecular Evolution in the Pre-Cellular Stage of the Origin of Life.},
journal = {Wiley interdisciplinary reviews. RNA},
volume = {16},
number = {1},
pages = {e70001},
doi = {10.1002/wrna.70001},
pmid = {39832384},
issn = {1757-7012},
support = {42376149//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; ZDSYS20230626091459009//Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Marine Ecology/ ; },
mesh = {*Origin of Life ; *Evolution, Molecular ; Ribosomes/metabolism/genetics ; },
abstract = {Life was originated from inorganic world and had experienced a long period of evolution in about 3.8 billion years. The time for emergence of the pioneer creations on Earth is debatable nowadays, and how the scenario for the prebiotic molecular interactions is still mysterious. Before the spreading of cellular organisms, chemical evolution was perhaps prevailing for millions of years, in which inorganic biosynthesis was ultimately replaced by biochemical reactions. Understanding the major molecular players and their interactions toward cellular life is fundamental for current medical science and extraterrestrial life exploration. In this review, we propose a road map for the primordial molecular evolution in early Earth, which probably occurred adjacent to hydrothermal vents with a strong gradient of organic molecules, temperature, and metal contents. Natural selection of the macromolecules with strong secondary structures and catalytic centers is associated with decreasing of overall entropy of the biopolymers. Our review may shed lights into the important selection of gene-coding RNA with secondary structures from large amounts of random biopolymers and formation of ancient ribosomes with biological machines supporting the basic life processes. Integration of the free environmental ribosomes by the early cellular life as symbiotic molecular machines is probably the earliest symbiosis on Earth.},
}
@article {pmid39830700,
year = {2025},
author = {Yamawo, A and Hagiwara, T and Yoshida, S and Ohno, M and Nakajima, R and Mori, Y and Hayashi, T and Yamagishi, H and Shiojiri, K},
title = {Interspecific Variations in Interplant Communication and Ecological Characteristics in Trees.},
journal = {Ecology and evolution},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {e70876},
pmid = {39830700},
issn = {2045-7758},
abstract = {Plants evolve diverse communication systems in adapting to complex and variable environments. Here, we examined the relationship between plant architecture, population density and inter-plant communication within tree species. We tested the hypothesis that trees of species with complex architecture or high population density (high population density: HPD) communicate among conspecifics via volatiles. In addition, we hypothesize that states of mycorrhizal symbiosis (arbuscular mycorrhizal or ectomycorrhiza) which relation to population density can predict the development of interplant communication in trees. We tested induced defense as an indicator of communication in saplings of nine tree species with various complexities of architecture (number of leaves per shoot) and either low (low population density: LPD) or HPD, either exposed for 10 days to volatiles from a damaged conspecific or not exposed. We evaluated the number of insect-damaged leaves and the area of leaf damage on these trees after 1 and 2 months in the field. Most exposed HPD trees had less leaf damage than controls. However, LPD trees did not differ in leaf damage between treatments. These results are partially supported by plant hormone analysis. In addition, the presence of inter-plant communication was positively correlated with both the number of leaves per shoot (complexity of plant architecture) and population density. The analysis which combined results of previous studies suggests that states of mycorrhizal symbiosis predict the development of interplant communication; interplant communication is common in ectomycorrhiza species. These results suggest the importance of plant architecture and population density as well as state of mycorrhizal symbiosis in the development of interplant communications within tree species.},
}
@article {pmid39830096,
year = {2025},
author = {Fei, C and Booker, A and Klass, S and Vidyarathna, NK and Ahn, SH and Mohamed, AR and Arshad, M and Glibert, PM and Heil, CA and Martínez Martínez, J and Amin, SA},
title = {Friends and foes: symbiotic and algicidal bacterial influence on Karenia brevis blooms.},
journal = {ISME communications},
volume = {5},
number = {1},
pages = {ycae164},
pmid = {39830096},
issn = {2730-6151},
abstract = {Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs) of the toxigenic dinoflagellate Karenia brevis (KB) are pivotal in structuring the ecosystem of the Gulf of Mexico (GoM), decimating coastal ecology, local economies, and human health. Bacterial communities associated with toxigenic phytoplankton species play an important role in influencing toxin production in the laboratory, supplying essential factors to phytoplankton and even killing blooming species. However, our knowledge of the prevalence of these mechanisms during HAB events is limited, especially for KB blooms. Here, we introduced native microbial communities from the GoM, collected during two phases of a Karenia bloom, into KB laboratory cultures. Using bacterial isolation, physiological experiments, and shotgun metagenomic sequencing, we identified both putative enhancers and mitigators of KB blooms. Metagenome-assembled genomes from the Roseobacter clade showed strong correlations with KB populations during HABs, akin to symbionts. A bacterial isolate from this group of metagenome-assembled genomes, Mameliella alba, alleviated vitamin limitations of KB by providing it with vitamins B1, B7 and B12. Conversely, bacterial isolates belonging to Bacteroidetes and Gammaproteobacteria, Croceibacter atlanticus, and Pseudoalteromonas spongiae, respectively, exhibited strong algicidal properties against KB. We identified a serine protease homolog in P. spongiae that putatively drives the algicidal activity in this isolate. While the algicidal mechanism in C. atlanticus is unknown, we demonstrated the efficiency of C. atlanticus to mitigate KB growth in blooms from the GoM. Our results highlight the importance of specific bacteria in influencing the dynamics of HABs and suggest strategies for future HAB management.},
}
@article {pmid39829398,
year = {2024},
author = {Abdizadeh, T and Rezaei, S and Emadi, Z and Sadeghi, R and Saffari-Chaleshtori, J and Sadeghi, M},
title = {Investigation of bioremediation for glyphosate and its metabolite in soil using arbuscular mycorrhizal GmHsp60 protein: a molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations approach.},
journal = {Journal of biomolecular structure &amp; dynamics},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-25},
doi = {10.1080/07391102.2024.2445767},
pmid = {39829398},
issn = {1538-0254},
abstract = {The widespread use of glyphosate and the high dependence of the agricultural industry on this herbicide cause environmental pollution and pose a threat to living organisms. One of the appropriate solutions in sustainable agriculture to deal with pollution caused by glyphosate and its metabolites is creating a symbiotic relationship between plants and mycorrhizal fungi. Glomalin-related soil protein is a key protein for the bioremediation of glyphosate and its metabolite aminomethyl phosphonic acid in soil. This study uses homology modeling, molecular docking, and molecular dynamic simulation approaches to investigate the binding mechanism of glomalin-related soil protein from arbuscular mycorrhiza (GmHsp60) with glyphosate and its metabolite and the role of soil protein in the removal and sequestering of common agricultural soil pollutants. GmHsp60 protein structure was predicted by homology modeling, and the quality of the generated model was assessed. Then, the interaction between glyphosate and aminomethyl phosphonic acid and the modeled GmHsp60 protein was explored by molecular docking. Based on docking results, GmHsp60 has an efficient role in the bioremediation of glyphosate and aminomethyl phosphonic acid (-6.03 and -5.34 kcal/mol). Glyphosate forms three hydrogen bonds with Lys258, Gly262, and Glu58 of GmHsp60, and aminomethyl phosphonic acid forms three hydrogen bonds with Lys258, Gly261, and Gly262 of GmHsp60. In addition, the glyphosate's and its metabolite's stability was confirmed by molecular docking simulations and binding free energy calculations using MM/PBSA analysis. This study provides a molecular-level understanding of GmHsp60 expression and function for glyphosate bioremediation.},
}
@article {pmid39828985,
year = {2025},
author = {Hu, JP and Deng, SJ and Gu, L and Li, L and Tu, L and Li, JL and Tang, JX and Zhu, GD},
title = {Fungi on the cuticle surface increase the resistance of Aedes albopictus to deltamethrin.},
journal = {Insect science},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/1744-7917.13503},
pmid = {39828985},
issn = {1744-7917},
support = {2023YFA1801004//National Key Research and Development Program of China/ ; 82261128002//National Natural Science Foundation of China and the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation joint program/ ; 2022YFML1003//National Natural Science Foundation of China and the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation joint program/ ; },
abstract = {Aedes albopictus (Ae. albopictus) is widely distributed and can transmit many infectious diseases, and insecticide-based interventions play an important role in vector control. However, increased insecticide resistance has become a severe public health problem, and the clarification of its detailed mechanism is a matter of urgence. This study found that target-site resistance and metabolic resistance could not fully explain insecticide resistance in field Ae. albopictus, and there were likely other resistance mechanisms involved. The 16S and internal transcribed spacer sequencing revealed significant differences in the species compositions of the cuticle surface symbiotic bacteria and fungi between deltamethrin (DM)-resistant (DR) and DM-susceptible (DS) Ae. albopictus. Additionally, the abundances of Serratia spp. and Candida spp. significantly increased after DM treatment. Furthermore, 2 fungi (Rhodotorula mucilaginosa and Candida melibiosica) and 3 bacteria (Serratia marcescens, Klebsiella aerogenes, and Serratia sp.) isolated from DR Ae. albopictus can use DM as their sole carbon source. After reinoculation onto the cuticle surface of DS Ae. albopictus, R. mucilaginosa and C. melibiosica significantly enhanced the DM resistance of Ae. albopictus. Moreover, transcriptome sequencing of the surviving Ae. albopictus after DM exposure revealed that the gene expression of cytochrome P450 enzymes and glutathione-S-transferases increased, suggesting that besides the direct degradation, the candidate degrading microbes could also cause insecticide resistance via indirect enhancement of mosquito gene expression. In conclusion, we demonstrated that the cuticle surface symbiotic microbes were involved in the development of insecticide resistance in Ae. albopictus, providing novel and supplementary insights into insecticide resistance mechanisms.},
}
@article {pmid39828947,
year = {2025},
author = {Alperovitz, CH and Ben David, N and Ramot, Y and Gross, A and Mizrahi, B},
title = {Living Microneedles for Intradermal Delivery of Beneficial Bacteria.},
journal = {ACS biomaterials science &amp; engineering},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1021/acsbiomaterials.4c02230},
pmid = {39828947},
issn = {2373-9878},
abstract = {The skin, our first line of defense against external threats, combines a physical barrier and a rich microbial community. Disruptions of this community, for example, due to infectious injury, have been linked to a decrease in bacteria diversity and to mild to severe pathological conditions. Although some progress has been made in the field, possibilities/procedures for restoring the skin microbiome are still far from ideal. The objective of this study was to design and evaluate a dissolvable poly(vinyl alcohol)/polyvinylpyrrolidone microneedle (MN) patch containing live Bacillus subtilis. According to the plan, bacteria were distributed equally throughout the patch without compromising the morphology and mechanical properties of the needles. B. subtilis was successfully released from the MNs, reaching a logarithmic growth phase after 5 h. These MNs demonstrated remarkable antibacterial activity against the Gram-positive pathogenic S. pyogenes, S. aureus, and C. acnes, while the empty control MNs showed no such activity. Finally, mice were inserted with a single MN patch loaded with GFP-B. subtilis presented significantly higher total radiance efficiency (TRE) values compared to the empty-MN mice throughout the entire experiment. This concept of incorporating live, secreting bacteria within a supportive MN patch shows great promise as a bacterial delivery system, offering a potential shift from conventional pharmacological approaches to more sustainable and symbiotic therapies.},
}
@article {pmid39828533,
year = {2025},
author = {Andrew, N and Trofe, A and Laws, E and Pathiraja, G and Kalkar, S and Ignatova, T and Rathnayake, H},
title = {Charge Capacitive Signatures at the Interface of E. coli/MOF Biohybrids to Create a Live Cell Biocapacitor.},
journal = {Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e2411472},
doi = {10.1002/smll.202411472},
pmid = {39828533},
issn = {1613-6829},
support = {ECCS-1542174//NSF/ ; W911NF1910522//US Department of Defense, DoD HBCU/MSI/ ; W911NF2310290//DoD HBCU/MSI Research and Educational Program/ ; 2021-70410-35292//USDA NIFA Equipment grant program/ ; W911QY2220006//Department of Defense DEVCOM Centers/ ; NIFA EGP 2021-70410-35292//National Institute of Food and Agriculture/ ; W911QY2220006//U.S. Department of Defense/ ; },
abstract = {The chemistry of the extracellular electron transfer (EET) process in microorganisms can be understood by interfacing them with abiotic materials that act as external redox mediators. These mediators capture and transfer extracellular electrons through redox reactions, bridging the microorganism and the electrode surface. Understanding this charge transfer process is essential for designing biocapacitors capable of modulating and storing charge signatures as capacitance at the electrode interface. Herein, a novel biointerfacial strategy is presented to investigate directional charge injection from a non-exoelectrogenic living microbe to an electrode surface using the porous metal-organic framework (MOF), MIL-88B. The biohybrid, formed by interfacing Escherichia coli (E. coli) with MIL-88B, demonstrates symbiotic interactions between the biotic and abiotic components, facilitating EET from E. coli to the electrode via the MOF. Acting as a redox mediator, the MOF catalyzes E. coli's exoelectrogenic activity, generating distinct charge capacitive signatures at the E. coli-MOF interface. This system integrates the capacitive signatures resulting from the EET process with the MOF's intrinsic pseudocapacitive properties and surface-controlled capacitive effects, functioning as a highly efficient biocapacitor. Furthermore, this approach of converting the biochemical energy of a non-exoelectrogenic microorganism into capacitive signatures opens a new pathway for translating biological signals into functional outputs, paving the way for autonomous biosensing platforms.},
}
@article {pmid39827948,
year = {2025},
author = {Chammakhi, C and Pacoud, M and Boscari, A and Berger, A and Mhadhbi, H and Gharbi, I and Brouquisse, R},
title = {Differential regulation of the "phytoglobin-nitric oxide respiration" in Medicago truncatula roots and nodules submitted to flooding.},
journal = {Plant science : an international journal of experimental plant biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {112393},
doi = {10.1016/j.plantsci.2025.112393},
pmid = {39827948},
issn = {1873-2259},
abstract = {Flooding induces hypoxia in plant tissues, impacting various physiological and biochemical processes. This study investigates the adaptive response of the roots and nitrogen-fixing nodules of Medicago truncatula in symbiosis with Sinorhizobium meliloti under short-term hypoxia caused by flooding. Four-week-old plants were subjected to flooding for 1 to 4 days. Physiological parameters as well as the expression of the senescence marker gene MtCP6 remained unchanged after 4 days of flooding, indicating no senescence onset. Hypoxia was evident from the first day, as indicated by the upregulation of hypoxia marker genes (MtADH, MtPDC, MtAlaAT, MtERF73). Nitrogen-fixing capacity was unaffected after 1 day but markedly decreased after 4 days, while energy state (ATP/ADP ratio) significantly decreased from 1 day and was more affected in nodules than in roots. Nitric oxide (NO) production increased in roots but decreased in nodules after prolonged flooding. Nitrate reductase (NR) activity and expression of genes associated with Phytoglobin-NO (Pgb-NO) respiration (MtNR1, MtNR2, MtPgb1.1) were upregulated, suggesting a role in maintaining energy metabolism under hypoxia, but the use of M. truncatula nr1 and nr2 mutants, impaired in nitrite production, indicated the involvement of these two genes in ATP regeneration during initial flooding response. The addition of sodium nitroprusside or tungstate revealed that Pgb-NO respiration contributes significantly to ATP regeneration in both roots and nodules under flooding. Altogether, these results highlight the importance of NR1 and Pgb1.1 in the hypoxic response of legume root systems and show that nodules are more sensitive than roots to hypoxia.},
}
@article {pmid39826554,
year = {2025},
author = {Kirsch, R and Okamura, Y and García-Lozano, M and Weiss, B and Keller, J and Vogel, H and Fukumori, K and Fukatsu, T and Konstantinov, AS and Montagna, M and Moseyko, AG and Riley, EG and Slipinski, A and Vencl, FV and Windsor, DM and Salem, H and Kaltenpoth, M and Pauchet, Y},
title = {Symbiosis and horizontal gene transfer promote herbivory in the megadiverse leaf beetles.},
journal = {Current biology : CB},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.cub.2024.12.028},
pmid = {39826554},
issn = {1879-0445},
abstract = {Beetles that feed on the nutritionally depauperate and recalcitrant tissues provided by the leaves, stems, and roots of living plants comprise one-quarter of herbivorous insect species. Among the key adaptations for herbivory are plant cell wall-degrading enzymes (PCWDEs) that break down the fastidious polymers in the cell wall and grant access to the nutritious cell content. While largely absent from the non-herbivorous ancestors of beetles, such PCWDEs were occasionally acquired via horizontal gene transfer (HGT) or by the uptake of digestive symbionts. However, the macroevolutionary dynamics of PCWDEs and their impact on evolutionary transitions in herbivorous insects remained poorly understood. Through genomic and transcriptomic analyses of 74 leaf beetle species and 50 symbionts, we show that multiple independent events of microbe-to-beetle HGT and specialized symbioses drove convergent evolutionary innovations in approximately 21,000 and 13,500 leaf beetle species, respectively. Enzymatic assays indicate that these events significantly expanded the beetles' digestive repertoires and thereby contributed to their adaptation and diversification. Our results exemplify how recurring HGT and symbiont acquisition catalyzed digestive and nutritional adaptations to herbivory and thereby contributed to the evolutionary success of a megadiverse insect taxon.},
}
@article {pmid39826408,
year = {2025},
author = {Xie, K and Chen, Y and Wang, X and Zhou, X and Cheng, Y and Yu, X and Wang, J and Sun, M and Li, Y and He, C},
title = {Physiological and multi-omics analysis revealed the mechanism of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi to cadmium toxicity in green onion.},
journal = {Ecotoxicology and environmental safety},
volume = {290},
number = {},
pages = {117754},
doi = {10.1016/j.ecoenv.2025.117754},
pmid = {39826408},
issn = {1090-2414},
abstract = {Cadmium (Cd) is a highly toxic agricultural pollutant that inhibits the growth and development of plants. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can enhance plant tolerance to Cd, but the regulatory mechanisms in Allium fistulosum (green onion) are unclear. This study used a Cd treatment concentration of 1.5 mg·kg[-1], which corresponds to the risk control threshold for soil pollution in Chinese agricultural land, to examine the effects and molecular mechanisms of AMF inoculation on the growth and physiology of green onion under Cd stress. AMF formed an effective symbiotic relationship with green onion roots under Cd stress, increased plant biomass, improved root structure and enhanced root vitality. AMF-colonized green onion had reduced Cd content in roots and leaves by 63.00 % and 46.50 %, respectively, with Cd content being higher in the roots than in the leaves. The ameliorative effect of AMF on Cd toxicity was mainly due to a reduction in malondialdehyde content in leaves (30.12 %) and an enhancement of antioxidant enzyme activities (peroxidase, catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione reductase and reduced glutathione) that mitigated damage from excessive reactive oxygen species. In addition, AMF induced secretion of easily extractable glomalin soil protein and total glomalin-related soil protein and inhibited the translocation of Cd to the shoots. Transcriptomic and metabolomic correlation analyses revealed that differentially expressed genes and metabolites in AMF-inoculated green onion under Cd stress were predominantly enriched in the "phenylpropanoid biosynthesis" and "phenylalanine metabolism" pathways, upregulated the expression of the HCT, PRDX6, HPD, MIF, and HMA3 genes, and accumulation of the phenylalanine, L-tyrosine, and 1-O-sinapoyl-β-glucose metabolites. Thus, AMF enhance Cd tolerance in green onions by sequestering Cd in roots, restricting its translocation, modulating antioxidant defenses and inducing the expression of genes involved in the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and phenylalanine metabolism pathways. Collectedly, we for the first time revealed the mechanism of AMF alleviating the toxicity of Cd to green onion, providing a theoretical foundation for the safe production and sustainable cultivation of green onion in Cd-contaminated soils.},
}
@article {pmid39825495,
year = {2025},
author = {Wall, CB and Kajihara, K and Rodriguez, FE and Vilonen, L and Yogi, D and Swift, SOI and Hynson, NA},
title = {Symbiotic fungi alter plant resource allocation independent of water availability.},
journal = {American journal of botany},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e16459},
doi = {10.1002/ajb2.16459},
pmid = {39825495},
issn = {1537-2197},
abstract = {PREMISE: The ability of plants to adapt or acclimate to climate change is inherently linked to their interactions with symbiotic microbes, notably fungi. However, it is unclear whether fungal symbionts from different climates have different impacts on the outcome of plant-fungal interactions, especially under environmental stress.<br><br>METHODS: We tested three provenances of fungal inoculum (originating from dry, moderate or wet environments) with one host plant genotype exposed to three soil moisture regimes (low, moderate and high). Inoculated and uninoculated plants were grown in controlled conditions for 151 days, then shoot and root biomass were weighed and fungal diversity and community composition determined via amplicon sequencing.<br><br>RESULTS: The source of inoculum and water regime elicited significant changes in plant resource allocation to shoots versus roots, but only specific inocula affected total plant biomass. Shoot biomass increased in the high water treatment but was negatively impacted by all inoculum treatments relative to the controls. The opposite was true for roots, where the low water treatment led to greater proportional root biomass, and plants inoculated with wet site fungi allocated significantly more resources to root growth than dry- or moderate-site inoculated plants and the controls. Fungal communities of shoots and roots partitioned by inoculum source, water treatment, and the interaction of the two.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: The provenance of fungi can significantly affect total plant biomass and resource allocation above- and belowground, with fungi derived from more extreme environments eliciting the strongest plant responses.},
}
@article {pmid39824487,
year = {2025},
author = {Lind, N and Hansson, H and Emanuelson, U and Lagerkvist, CJ},
title = {Healthy Cows, Happy Farmers? Exploring the Dynamics of Mastitis and Farmer Well-Being.},
journal = {Journal of dairy science},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3168/jds.2024-25506},
pmid = {39824487},
issn = {1525-3198},
abstract = {Clinical mastitis, a prevalent production disease in the dairy industry, causes significant pain and swelling in dairy cows' udders. While previous research highlights a symbiotic relationship between humans and animals, particularly in terms of health, this study investigates how animal health, specifically clinical mastitis, influences farmers' well-being. Acknowledging farmers' pivotal role in mitigating animal health problems, we examined the human-animal relationship by exploring how dairy cow health relates to the psychological well-being of dairy farmers. This was performed by investigating the connection between animal and farmer health and whether it is mediated by farmers' perceptions of mastitis as a production disease and their sense of control over the situation. For the current study, we combined and matched data from a large questionnaire study covering dairy farmer's well-being (n = 356) with data on dairy cow herd health. For statistical analyses we used the PROCESS macro for serial multiple mediator analysis, an analysis that allows for the estimation of the effect of multiple mediators in a causal chain. We found that farmers' well-being is indirectly related to animal health though their illness perception (P < 0.05) and perceived self-efficacy (P < 0.001), underscoring the importance of cultivating awareness and control over mastitis occurrences. For these estimations, we controlled for the effect of farm size, expected income from dairy production, marital status, and cohabitation status of the farmer, as well as age and gender. Our results indicate that maintaining healthy animals with minimal mastitis incidents, coupled with farmers' perceived self-efficacy, is positively related with farmer well-being.},
}
@article {pmid39824485,
year = {2025},
author = {McAllister, TA and Thomas, KD and Gruninger, RJ and Elshahed, M and Li, Y and Cheng, Y},
title = {INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON RUMINANT PHYSIOLOGY: Rumen fungi, archaea and their interactions.},
journal = {Journal of dairy science},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3168/jds.2024-25713},
pmid = {39824485},
issn = {1525-3198},
abstract = {Anaerobic gut fungi (AGF) were the last phylum to be identified within the rumen microbiome and account for 7-9% of microbial biomass. They produce potent lignocellulases that degrade recalcitrant plant cell walls, and rhizoids that can penetrate the cuticle of plant cells, exposing internal components to other microbiota. Interspecies H2 transfer between AGF and rumen methanogenic archaea is an essential metabolic process in the rumen that occurs during the reduction of CO2 to CH4 by methanogens. This symbiotic relationship is bolstered by hydrogensomes, fungal organelles that generate H2 and formate. Interspecies H2 transfer prevents the accumulation of reducing equivalents that would otherwise impede fermentation. The extent to which hydrogenosomes serve as a conduit for H2 flow to methanogens is unknown, but it is likely greater with low quality forages. Strategies that alter the production of CH4 could also have implications for H2 transfer by anaerobic fungi. Understanding the factors that drive these interactions and H2 flow could provide insight into the effect of reducing CH4 production on the activity of ruminal fungi and the digestion of low-quality feeds.},
}
@article {pmid39824395,
year = {2025},
author = {Tong, Y and Chen, R and Lu, X and Chen, C and Sun, G and Yu, X and Lyu, S and Feng, M and Long, Y and Gong, L and Chen, L},
title = {A nanobody-enzyme fusion protein targeting PD-L1 and sialic acid exerts anti-tumor effects by C-type lectin pathway-mediated tumor associated macrophages repolarizing.},
journal = {International journal of biological macromolecules},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {139953},
doi = {10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.139953},
pmid = {39824395},
issn = {1879-0003},
abstract = {Aberrant sialylated glycosylation in the tumor microenvironment is a novel immune suppression pathway, which has garnered significant attention as a targetable glycoimmune checkpoint for cancer immunotherapy to address the dilemma of existing therapies. However, rational drug design and in-depth mechanistic studies are urgently required for tumor sialic acid to become valuable glycoimmune targets. In this study, we explored the positive correlation of PD-L1 and sialyltransferase expression in clinical colorectal cancer tissues and identified their mutual regulation effects in macrophages. Subsequently, we characterized a new sialidase with excellent properties from human oral symbiotic bacteria and then developed a novel nanobody-enzyme fusion protein, designated as Nb16-Sia, to concurrently target the PD-L1 and sialic acid. Results from syngeneic colon tumor models reveal superior efficacy of Nb16-Sia over monotherapy and combinations, which could remodel the tumor immune microenvironment. Mechanistically, Nb16-Sia, which could repolarize macrophages from the tumor-promoting M2 to anti-tumor M1 phenotype via the C-type lectin pathway, exerted its antitumor efficacy mainly by regulating tumor-associated macrophages. Our strategy of nanobody-enzyme fusion protein effectively enables the delivery of sialidase, allows the collaboration between anti-PD-L1 nanobody and sialidase in combating tumors, and holds considerable promise for further development.},
}
@article {pmid39824332,
year = {2025},
author = {Zhang, T and Yan, L and Qi, J and Su, R and Li, X and Sun, S and Song, Y and Wei, M and Zhang, D},
title = {Antibiotic resistance genes in the coastal atmosphere under varied weather conditions: distribution, influencing factors, and transmission mechanisms.},
journal = {Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {125695},
doi = {10.1016/j.envpol.2025.125695},
pmid = {39824332},
issn = {1873-6424},
abstract = {Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) have escalated to levels of concern worldwide as emerging environmental pollutants. Increasing evidence suggests that non-antibiotic antimicrobial substances expedite the spread of ARGs. However, the drivers and mechanisms involved in the generation and spread of ARGs in the atmosphere remain inadequately elucidated. Co-occurrence networks, mantel test analysis, and partial least squares path modeling were used to analyze the symbiotic relationships of ARGs with meteorological conditions, atmospheric pollutants, water-soluble inorganic ions, bacteria, mobile genetic elements (MGEs), antibacterial biocide and metal resistance genes, and to identify the direct drivers of ARGs. The types and abundance of ARGs exhibited different seasonal distribution. Specifically, the types exhibited a strong alignment with the diversity of air masses terrestrial sources, while the abundance displayed a significant positive correlation with both biocide resistance genes (BRGs) and metal resistance genes (MRGs). The contribution of bacterial communities and MGEs to the generation and spread of ARGs was constrained by the low levels of antibiotics in the atmosphere and the existence of "viral intermediates". Conversely, antibacterial biocides and metals influenced mutation rates, cellular SOS responses, and oxidative stress of bacteria, consequently facilitating the generation and spread of ARGs. Moreover, the co-selection among their derivatives, resistance genes, ensured a stable presence of ARGs. The research highlighted the significant impact of residual antimicrobial substances on both the generation and spread of ARGs. Elucidating the sources of aerosols and the co-selection mechanism linking with ARGs, BRGs, and MRGs were crucial for preserving the stability of ARGs in the atmosphere.},
}
@article {pmid39824320,
year = {2025},
author = {Liu, S and Liang, D and Wang, Y and He, W and Feng, Y},
title = {Impact of carrier capacitance on Geobacter enrichment and direct interspecies electron transfer under anaerobic conditions.},
journal = {Bioresource technology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {132079},
doi = {10.1016/j.biortech.2025.132079},
pmid = {39824320},
issn = {1873-2976},
abstract = {Direct interspecies electron transfer (DIET) enhances anaerobic digestion by facilitating electron exchange between electroactive bacteria and methanogenic archaea. While Geobacter species are recognized for donating electrons to methanogens via DIET, they are rarely detected in mixed microbial communities. This study examined various non-electrode biological carriers (zeolite, carbon cloth, activated carbon and biochar) to promote Geobacter cultivation under anaerobic conditions and identify pivotal factors influencing their symbiosis with methanogens. Capacitive materials, such as activated carbon and biochar, significantly enriched Geobacter populations and strengthened DIET-based mutualism with Methanosarcina, both in the presence and absence of electric fields Partial least-squares path modeling revealed that the porous structure and functional groups of materials positively and directly influenced the abundance of Geobacter and Methanosarcina. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of critical properties of capacitive materials for screening functional microorganisms and guiding the design of electroactive materials to augment anaerobic treatment processes.},
}
@article {pmid39823489,
year = {2025},
author = {Yang, G and Juncang, T and Zhi, W},
title = {Composition and functional diversity of soil and water microbial communities in the rice-crab symbiosis system.},
journal = {PloS one},
volume = {20},
number = {1},
pages = {e0316815},
pmid = {39823489},
issn = {1932-6203},
mesh = {*Oryza/microbiology ; *Soil Microbiology ; *Water Microbiology ; *Symbiosis ; Bacteria/genetics/classification/metabolism ; Microbiota ; Fungi/genetics/classification ; Biodiversity ; },
abstract = {Rice-crab co-culture is an environmentally friendly agricultural and aquaculture technology with high economic and ecological value. In order to clarify the structure and function of soil and water microbial communities in the rice-crab symbiosis system, the standard rice-crab field with a ring groove was used as the research object. High-throughput sequencing was performed with rice field water samples to analyze the species and abundance differences of soil bacteria and fungi. The results showed that the OTU richness and community diversity in soil were significantly higher than those in water, while there were significant differences in soil microbial diversity and OTU richness in water sediments. The dominant species at the bacterial phylum level were Amoebacteria, Cyanobacteria, Actinomycetes, Synechococcus and Greenbacteria, and at the genus level the dominant species were norank_f_norank_o_Chloroplast, unclassified_f_Rhodobacteraceae, LD29, Cyanobium_PCC-6307, and norank_f_MWH-UniP1_aquatic_group. The dominant species at the fungal phylum level are unclassified_k_Fungi, Ascomycota, Rozellomycota, Phaeomycota and Stenotrophomonas, and at the genus level the dominant species are unclassified_k_Fungi, unclassified_p_Rozellomycota, Metschnikowia, Cladosporium, unclassified_p_Chytridiomycota. The dominant phylum may rely on mechanisms such as organic matter catabolism, secretion of secondary metabolites and phototrophic autotrophy, as predicted by functional gene analysis. The main functional genes are related to metabolic functions, including secondary product metabolism, energy metabolism, and amino acid metabolism.},
}
@article {pmid39821486,
year = {2025},
author = {Rogivue, A and Leempoel, K and Guillaume, AS and Choudhury, RR and Felber, F and Kasser, M and Joost, S and Parisod, C and Gugerli, F},
title = {Locally Specific Genome-Wide Signatures of Adaptation to Environmental Variation at High Resolution in an Alpine Plant.},
journal = {Molecular ecology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e17646},
doi = {10.1111/mec.17646},
pmid = {39821486},
issn = {1365-294X},
support = {2014.0821//Bundesbeh&#xf6;rden der Schweizerischen Eidgenossenschaft/ ; CR32I3_149741//Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F&#xf6;rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung/ ; },
abstract = {Microevolutionary processes shape adaptive responses to heterogeneous environments, where these effects vary both among and within species. However, it remains largely unknown to which degree signatures of adaptation to environmental drivers can be detected based on the choice of spatial scale and genomic marker. We studied signatures of local adaptation across two levels of spatial extents, investigating complementary types of genomic variants-single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and polymorphic transposable elements (TEs)-in populations of the alpine model plant species Arabis alpina . We coupled environmental factors, derived from remote sensed digital elevation models (DEMs) at very high resolution (0.5 m), with whole-genome sequencing data of 304 individuals across four populations. By comparing putatively adaptive loci detected between each local population versus a regional assessment including all populations simultaneously, we demonstrate that responses of A. alpina to similar amounts of abiotic variation are largely governed by local evolutionary processes. Furthermore, we find minimally overlapping signatures of local adaptation between SNPs and polymorphic TEs. Notably, functional annotations of candidate genes for adaptation revealed several symbiosis-related genes associated with the abiotic factors studied, which could represent selective pressures from biotic agents. Our results highlight the importance of considering different spatial extents and types of genomic polymorphisms when searching for signatures of adaptation to environmental variation. Such insights provide key information on microevolutionary processes and could guide management decisions to mitigate negative impacts of climate change on alpine plant populations.},
}
@article {pmid39819563,
year = {2025},
author = {Vasistha, P and Singh, PP and Srivastava, D and Johny, L and Shukla, S},
title = {Effector proteins of Funneliformis mosseae BR221: unravelling plant-fungal interactions through reference-based transcriptome analysis, in vitro validation, and protein‒protein docking studies.},
journal = {BMC genomics},
volume = {26},
number = {1},
pages = {42},
pmid = {39819563},
issn = {1471-2164},
mesh = {*Fungal Proteins/metabolism/genetics/chemistry ; *Molecular Docking Simulation ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Mycorrhizae/physiology ; Plant Proteins/genetics/metabolism/chemistry ; Glomeromycota/physiology ; Transcriptome ; Host-Pathogen Interactions/genetics ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi form a highly adaptable and versatile group of fungi found in natural and man-managed ecosystems. Effector secreted by AM fungi influence symbiotic relationship by modifying host cells, suppressing host defense and promoting infection to derive nutrients from the host. Here, we conducted a reference-based transcriptome sequencing of Funneliformis mosseae BR221 to enhance understanding on the molecular machinery involved in the establishment of interaction between host and AM fungi.<br><br>RESULTS: A total of 163 effector proteins were identified in F. mosseae isolate BR221, of these, 79.14% are extracellular effectors and 5.5% are predicted cytoplasmic effectors. In silico prediction using a pathogen-host interaction database suggested four of the 163 effectors could be crucial in establishing AM fungi-host interactions. Protein-protein docking analysis revealed interactions between these potential effectors and plant proteins known to be differentially expressed during mycorrhizal association, such as defensins, aquaporins, and PTO proteins. These interactions are multifaceted in modulating host physiological and defense mechanisms, including immune suppression, hydration, nutrient uptake, and oxidative stress modulation.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: These findings of the current study provide a foundational understanding of fungal-host molecular interactions and open avenues for exploring pathways influenced by these effectors. By deepening our knowledge of these mechanisms, the use of AM fungi in biofertilizer formulations can be refined by selecting strains with specific effectors that enhance nutrient uptake, improve drought and disease resistance, and tailor the fungi's symbiotic efficiency to different crops or environmental conditions, thus contributing to more targeted and sustainable agricultural practices.},
}
@article {pmid39818942,
year = {2025},
author = {Vincent, M and Boubakri, H and Fournier, P and Parisot, N and Pétriacq, P and Cassan, C and Flandin, A and Miotello, G and Armengaud, J and Hay, AE and Herrera-Belaroussi, A},
title = {Phytophthora alni Infection Reinforces the Defense Reactions in Alnus glutinosa - Frankia Roots to the Detriment of Nodules.},
journal = {Molecular plant-microbe interactions : MPMI},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1094/MPMI-12-24-0160-R},
pmid = {39818942},
issn = {0894-0282},
abstract = {Alnus glutinosa, able to establish symbiosis with mutualistic bacteria of the genus Frankia, is one of the main species in European riparian environments, where it performs numerous biological and socio-economic functions. However, riparian ecosystems face a growing threat from Phytophthora alni, a highly aggressive waterborne pathogen causing severe dieback in A. glutinosa. To date, the tripartite interaction between the host plant, the symbiont Frankia and the pathogen remains unexplored but is critical for understanding how pathogen-induced stress influences the nodule molecular machinery and so on the host-symbiont metabolism. In the present study, we aimed to explore for the first time how P. alni affects the overall molecular processes of Alnus glutinosa - Frankia nodules, with a special focus on unraveling the spatial expression of defense mechanisms within these tissues. We conducted a laboratory experiment based on P. alni infection of young A. glutinosa seedlings nodulated with Frankia alni ACN14a, non-infected or infected with the pathogen P. alni. Multi-omics analyses were carried out on nodules (N) and associated roots (AR) of the same plant in order to underline the impact on the nodule molecular processes (i.e. N/AR markers) when the host plant is infected compared to non-infected plants. Our results revealed that P. alni infection modified the molecular nodule processes and induced reprograming of defense-related markers by a shift in associated roots to the detriment of nodules. These findings suggest that A. glutinosa reinforces locally its immune responses in roots but moderates this activation in nodule to preserve its Frankia symbiont.},
}
@article {pmid39816909,
year = {2025},
author = {Oliveira, BPN and Padeniya, U and Bledsoe, JW and Davis, DA and Liles, MR and Hussain, AS and Wells, DE and Bruce, TJ},
title = {Evaluation of Probiotic Effects on the Growth Performance and Microbiome of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in a High-Density Biofloc System.},
journal = {Aquaculture nutrition},
volume = {2025},
number = {},
pages = {5868806},
pmid = {39816909},
issn = {1365-2095},
abstract = {Biofloc technology is an aquaculture production system that has gained popularity with tilapia production. Probiotics provide benefits for the host and/or aquatic environments by both regulating and modulating microbial communities and their metabolites. When a probiotic feed is combined with a biofloc system, the production amount may be improved through better fish growth, disease resistance, and/or improved water quality by reducing organic matter and stabilizing metrics such as pH and components of the nitrogen cycle. Two research trials measured Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) growth performance and composition of the microbial communities in the water and within the fish fecal material, following feeding with top-coated probiotic treatments. Trial A incorporated tilapia (71.4 ± 4.4 g), and a commercial diet (Control) that was top coated with either Bacillus velenzensis AP193 (AP193; 1 × 10[7] CFU g[1]) and BiOWiSH Feedbuilder Syn3 (BW; 3.6 × 10[4] CFU g[-1]). In Trial B, juvenile tilapia (5.34 ± 0.42 g) were fed treatment diets top coated with two different concentrations of BiOWiSH Feedbuilder Syn3 at final concentrations of 3.6 × 10[4] CFU g[-1] (BWx1) and 7.2 × 10[4] CFU g[-1] (BWx2). Tilapia were offered commercial feed (38% protein floating tilapia feed) as a control diet for both trials. Results from both growth trials indicated no differences in growth performance due to the probiotic additions, except for feed conversion ratio (FCR) in Trial B. Both BWx1 and BWx2 showed improved survival, water quality, solids management, and bacterial composition of water and fecal matter. Even though growth performance results presented no significant differences, results could differ based on the probiotic concentration, the route of probiotic administration, or their impact on the microbial community of the biofloc system culture water. Trial results indicated that testing on a larger scale with varied probiotic doses may be necessary to achieve an effective dosage for improving tilapia growth performance.},
}
@article {pmid39815312,
year = {2025},
author = {Cui, H and Cheng, Q and Jing, T and Chen, Y and Li, X and Zhang, M and Qi, D and Feng, J and Vafadar, F and Wei, Y and Li, K and Zhao, Y and Zhou, D and Xie, J},
title = {Trichoderma virens XZ11-1 producing siderophores inhibits the infection of Fusarium oxysporum and promotes plant growth in banana plants.},
journal = {Microbial cell factories},
volume = {24},
number = {1},
pages = {22},
pmid = {39815312},
issn = {1475-2859},
support = {CATASCXTD202312//Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences for Science and Technology Innovation Team of National Tropical Agricultural Science Center/ ; CARS-31//China Agriculture Research System/ ; 321RC1094, 322QN417//Natural Science Foundation of Hainan/ ; NO.1630092022002//Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund for Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences/ ; 32360706//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; No. NKLTCB202311//Project of National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding (No. NKLTCB202311)./ ; },
mesh = {*Fusarium/metabolism/growth &amp; development ; *Siderophores/metabolism/biosynthesis ; *Musa/microbiology/growth &amp; development ; *Plant Diseases/microbiology/prevention &amp; control ; Hypocreales/metabolism ; Phylogeny ; Plant Roots/microbiology ; Soil Microbiology ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Banana Fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense is a soil-borne fungal disease. Especially, tropical Race 4 (Foc TR4) can infect almost Cavendish subgroup and has a fatal threat to banana industry. Use of antagonistic microbes to manage soil-borne pathogen is viewed as a promising strategy.<br><br>RESULTS: Strain XZ11-1 isolated from tropical rainforest has the production ability of high siderophore. By the analysis of physiological and biochemical profiles, construction of phylogenetic tree, and comparative results from the NR database, strain XZ11-1 was identified as Trichoderma virens. A relative content of 79.45% siderophores was produced in the optimized fermentation solution, including hydroxamate and carboxylate-type siderophores. Siderophores were key for inhibiting the growth of Foc TR4 by competing for environmental iron. Similarly, T. virens XZ11-1 also had antagonistic activities against 10 phytopathogenic fungi. Pot experiments demonstrated that T. virens XZ11-1 could colonize in the root system of banana plants. The symbiotic interaction not only improve plant resistance to Foc TR4, but also enhance iron absorption of roots to promote plant growth by secreting siderophores.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: T. virens XZ11-1 with the high-yield siderophores was isolated and identified. The strain could effectively inhibit the infection of Foc TR4 in banana roots and promote plant growth. It is a promising biocontrol agent for controlling fungal disease.},
}
@article {pmid39814887,
year = {2025},
author = {Cook, NM and Gobbato, G and Jacott, CN and Marchal, C and Hsieh, CY and Lam, AHC and Simmonds, J and Del Cerro, P and Gomez, PN and Rodney, C and Cruz-Mireles, N and Uauy, C and Haerty, W and Lawson, DM and Charpentier, M},
title = {Autoactive CNGC15 enhances root endosymbiosis in legume and wheat.},
journal = {Nature},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {39814887},
issn = {1476-4687},
abstract = {Nutrient acquisition is crucial for sustaining life. Plants develop beneficial intracellular partnerships with arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) and nitrogen-fixing bacteria to surmount the scarcity of soil nutrients and tap into atmospheric dinitrogen, respectively[1,2]. Initiation of these root endosymbioses requires symbiont-induced oscillations in nuclear calcium (Ca[2+]) concentrations in root cells[3]. How the nuclear-localized ion channels, cyclic nucleotide-gated channel (CNGC) 15 and DOESN'T MAKE INFECTIONS1 (DMI1)[4] are coordinated to specify symbiotic-induced nuclear Ca[2+] oscillations remains unknown. Here we discovered an autoactive CNGC15 mutant that generates spontaneous low-frequency Ca[2+] oscillations. While CNGC15 produces nuclear Ca[2+] oscillations via a gating mechanism involving its helix 1, DMI1 acts as a pacemaker to specify the frequency of the oscillations. We demonstrate that the specificity of symbiotic-induced nuclear Ca[2+] oscillations is encoded in its frequency. A high frequency activates endosymbiosis programmes, whereas a low frequency modulates phenylpropanoid pathways. Consequently, the autoactive cngc15 mutant, which is capable of generating both frequencies, has increased flavonoids that enhance AM, root nodule symbiosis and nutrient acquisition. We transferred this trait to wheat, resulting in field-grown wheat with increased AM colonization and nutrient acquisition. Our findings reveal a new strategy to boost endosymbiosis in the field and reduce inorganic fertilizer use while sustaining plant growth.},
}
@article {pmid39814757,
year = {2025},
author = {Heim, S and Teav, T and Cortesi, F and Gallart-Ayala, H and Ivanisevic, J and Salamin, N},
title = {N-acetylated sugars in clownfish and damselfish skin mucus as messengers involved in chemical recognition by anemone host.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {2048},
pmid = {39814757},
issn = {2045-2322},
support = {310030_185223//Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F&#xf6;rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung/ ; 310030_185223//Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F&#xf6;rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung/ ; DE200100620//Australian Research Council Discovery Early Career Research/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Sea Anemones/metabolism/physiology ; *Skin/metabolism ; *Mucus/metabolism ; *N-Acetylneuraminic Acid/metabolism ; *Symbiosis/physiology ; Perciformes/metabolism ; Sugars/metabolism ; Acetylation ; },
abstract = {The clownfish - sea anemone system is a great example of symbiotic mutualism where host «toxicity» does not impact its symbiont partner, although the underlying protection mechanism remains unclear. The regulation of nematocyst discharge in cnidarians involves N-acetylated sugars like sialic acid, that bind chemoreceptors on the tentacles of sea anemones, leading to the release of stings. It has been suggested that clownfish could be deprived of sialic acid on their skin surface, sparing them from being stung and facilitating mutualism with sea anemones. In this study, we sampled the skin mucus of two anemone symbionts, the clownfish Amphiprion akindynos and the juvenile damselfish Dascyllus trimaculatus, as well as two non-symbiotic adult damselfish Pomacentrus moluccensis and P. pavo. The free and total sialic acid content, including its conjugated form, and three other intermediates of this pathway were quantified using a stable isotope dilution mass spectrometry approach. We found significantly higher levels of sialic acid and its precursor in the non-symbiotic damselfishes. Concentrations of total sialic acid in anemone symbionts ranged between 13 µM and 16 µM, whereas the non-symbiotic damselfishes ranged between 21 µM and 30 µM. The presence of this metabolite and its precursors, as triggers of nematocyst discharge, in anemone symbionts, suggests that this is not the direct mechanism of protection or that the trigger is concentration dependent. This experiment demonstrates that anemone symbionts are not spared by nematocysts because of a lack of N-acetylated sugars, as previously thought, rather the biochemical mechanisms involving N-acetylated sugars are more complex than just a presence/absence of these molecules.},
}
@article {pmid39813926,
year = {2025},
author = {Qu, C and Tang, J and Liu, J and Wang, W and Song, F and Cheng, S and Tang, X and Tang, CJ},
title = {Quorum sensing-enhanced electron transfer in anammox consortia: A mechanism for improved resistance to variable-valence heavy metals.},
journal = {Journal of hazardous materials},
volume = {487},
number = {},
pages = {137130},
doi = {10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.137130},
pmid = {39813926},
issn = {1873-3336},
abstract = {Quorum sensing (QS) is recognized for enhancing bacterial resistance against heavy metals by regulating the production of extracellular substances that hinder metal penetration into the intracellular environment. However, it remains unclear whether QS contributes to resistance by regulating electron transfer, thereby transforming metals from more toxic to less toxic forms. This study investigated the regulatory mechanism of acyl-homoserine lactone (AHL)-mediated QS on electron transfer under As(III) and Cr(VI) stress. Metagenomic binning results revealed that Candidatus Brocadia sinica serves as a major contributor to AHL production for regulating heavy metal resistance, while other symbiotic bacteria offer complementary resistance pathways. In these bacteria, the AHL synthesis gene htdS plays a pivotal role in QS regulation of electron transfer and heavy metal resistance. Experimental findings demonstrated that AHL increased the electron transport system activity by 19.8 %, and upregulated electron transfer gene expression by 1.1- to 6.9-fold. The enhanced electron transfer facilitated a 28.7 % increase in the transformation of As(III) to less toxic As(V) and monomethylarsonic acid, ultimately achieving efficient nitrogen removal under As(III) stress. This study expands our understanding of how QS strengthens bacterial resistance to heavy metals, offering novel strategies for enhancing nitrogen removal of anammox in heavy metal-contaminated environments.},
}
@article {pmid39812995,
year = {2025},
author = {Chen, CN and Yong, TC and Wang, JT},
title = {Activation of endogenous tolerance to bleaching stress by high salinity in cloned endosymbiotic dinoflagellates from corals.},
journal = {Botanical studies},
volume = {66},
number = {1},
pages = {3},
pmid = {39812995},
issn = {1817-406X},
support = {110-2621-B-110-002-MY2//Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan/ ; MOST 109-2621-B-110-001-MY2//Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan/ ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Large-scale coral bleaching events have become increasingly frequent in recent years. This process occurs when corals are exposed to high temperatures and intense light stress, leading to an overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by their endosymbiotic dinoflagellates. The ROS buildup prompts corals to expel these symbiotic microalgae, resulting in the corals' discoloration. Reducing ROS production and enhancing detoxification processes in these microalgae are crucial to prevent the collapse of coral reef ecosystems. However, research into the cell physiology and genetics of coral symbiotic dinoflagellates has been hindered by challenges associated with cloning these microalgae.<br><br>RESULTS: A procedure for cloning coral symbiotic dinoflagellates was developed in this study. Several species of coral symbionts were successfully cloned, with two of them further characterized. Experiments with the two species isolated from Turbinaria sp. showed that damage from light intensity at 340&#xa0;&#x3bc;mol photons/m[2]/s was more severe than from high temperature at 36&#xa0;&#xb0;C. Additionally, preincubation in high salinity conditions activated their endogenous tolerance to bleaching stress. Pretreatment at 50 ppt salinity reduced the percentage of cells stained for ROS by 59% and 64% in the two species under bleaching stress compared to those incubated at 30 ppt. Furthermore, their Fv'/Fm' during the recovery period showed a significant improvement compared to the controls.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that intense light plays a more important role than high temperatures in coral bleaching by enhancing ROS generation in the symbiotic dinoflagellates. The findings also suggest the genomes of coral symbiotic dinoflagellates have undergone evolutionary processes to develop mechanisms, regulated by gene expression, to mitigate damages caused by high temperature and high light stress. Understanding this gene expression regulation could contribute to strengthening corals' resilience against the impact of global climate change.},
}
@article {pmid39812981,
year = {2025},
author = {Deda, O and Gika, HG and Theodoridis, G},
title = {Rat Fecal Metabolomics-Based Analysis.},
journal = {Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)},
volume = {2891},
number = {},
pages = {153-163},
pmid = {39812981},
issn = {1940-6029},
mesh = {*Feces/chemistry ; *Metabolomics/methods ; Animals ; Rats ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; Metabolome ; Chromatography, Liquid/methods ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy/methods ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry/methods ; },
abstract = {The gut's symbiome, a hidden metabolic organ, has gained scientific interest for its crucial role in human health. Acting as a biochemical factory, the gut microbiome produces numerous small molecules that significantly impact host metabolism. Metabolic profiling facilitates the exploration of its influence on human health and disease through the symbiotic relationship. Fecal metabolomics-based analysis is an indisputably valuable tool for elucidating the biochemistry of digestion and absorption in the gastrointestinal system, serving as the most suitable specimen to study the symbiotic relationship between the host and the intestinal microbiota. It is well-established that the balance of the intestinal microbiota changes in response to various stimuli, both physiological, such as gender, age, diet, and exercise, and pathological, such as gastrointestinal and hepatic diseases. Fecal samples have been analyzed using widely adopted analytical techniques, including NMR spectroscopy, GC-MS, and LC-MS/MS. Rat fecal samples are frequently used and particularly useful substrates for metabolomics-based studies in related fields.The complexity and diversity of fecal samples necessitate careful and skillful handling to extract metabolites, while avoiding their deterioration, effectively and quantitatively. Several determinative factors, such as the fecal sample weight to extraction solvent solution volume, the nature and pH value of the extraction solvent, and the homogenization process, play crucial roles in achieving optimal extraction for obtaining high-quality metabolic fingerprints, whether for untargeted or targeted metabolomics.},
}
@article {pmid39810864,
year = {2024},
author = {Imanbayev, N and Iztleuov, Y and Bekmukhambetov, Y and Abdelazim, IA and Donayeva, A and Amanzholkyzy, A and Aigul, Z and Aigerim, I and Aslan, Y},
title = {Colorectal cancer and microbiota: systematic review.},
journal = {Przeglad gastroenterologiczny},
volume = {16},
number = {4},
pages = {380-396},
pmid = {39810864},
issn = {1895-5770},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: The gut microbiome maintains the mucus membrane barrier's integrity, and it is modulated by the host's immune system.<br><br>AIM: To detect the effect of microbiota modulation using probiotics, prebiotics, symbiotics, and natural changes on colorectal cancers (CRCs).<br><br>METHODS: A PubMed search was conducted to retrieve the original and in vivo articles published in English language from 2010 until 2021 containing the following keywords: 1) CRCs, 2) CRCs treatment (i.e. surgical, chemotherapy, radiotherapy and/or immunotherapy), and 3) microbiota probiotic(s), prebiotic(s), symbiotic(s), dysbiosis and/or nutritional treatment. A total of 198 PubMed records/articles were initially identified. 108 articles were excluded at the initial screening, and another 29 articles were excluded after reviewing the abstracts, and finally 61 studies were analysed for this systematic review.<br><br>RESULTS: The gut microbiota metabolites and (SCFAs) short-chain fatty acids (i.e. acetate and butyrate) have a protective effect against CRCs. SCFAs reduce the inflammatory cytokines, inhibit colonocyte proliferation, and promote malignant cell apoptosis. Butyrate maintains the integrity of the mucus membrane barrier and reduces intestinal mucosal inflammation. Reduced butyric acid level and increased inflammatory cytokines were observed after reduced Bacteroides fragilis and Bacteroides vulgatus species in the colon. Akkermansia muciniphila bacterium decreased in patients with CRCs.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Prebiotics (i.e. inulin and resistant starch, SCFAs producers) and consumption of unprocessed plant products are useful for developing and maintaining healthy gut microbiota. The pro-, pre- and/or symbiotics may be useful when carefully selected for CRC patients, to restore beneficial gut microbiota and support treatment efficacy.},
}
@article {pmid39810455,
year = {2025},
author = {Mooney, R and Rodgers, K and Carnicelli, S and Carnevale, ME and Farias, ME and Henriquez, FL},
title = {Isolation of Acanthamoeba Species and Bacterial Symbiont Variability in Puna Salt Plains, Argentina.},
journal = {Environmental microbiology reports},
volume = {17},
number = {1},
pages = {e70059},
pmid = {39810455},
issn = {1758-2229},
support = {//Global Challenges Research Fund/ ; //Scottish Funding Council/ ; },
mesh = {Argentina ; *Acanthamoeba/microbiology/genetics/isolation &amp; purification/classification ; *Symbiosis ; *RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics ; Microbiota ; Bacteria/classification/genetics/isolation &amp; purification ; Phylogeny ; Pseudomonas/genetics/isolation &amp; purification/classification/physiology ; },
abstract = {Acanthamoeba spp. are widespread protists that feed on bacteria via phagocytosis. This predation pressure has led many bacteria to evolve strategies to resist and survive inside these protists. The impact of this is not well understood, but it may limit detection and allow survival in extreme environments. Three sites in the Puna salt plains, Catamarca province, Argentina, were sampled for Acanthamoeba spp., verified using PCR and Sanger sequencing. The intracellular microbiome was analysed with 16S rRNA gene sequencing and compared to the overall site microbiome. Acanthamoeba were found at all locations, and their intracellular microbiome was similar across samples but differed from the overall site microbiome. Pseudomonas spp., a clinically relevant genus, was most abundant in all isolates. This study suggests Acanthamoeba can protect bacteria, aiding their detection avoidance and survival in harsh conditions.},
}
@article {pmid39810102,
year = {2025},
author = {Manullang, C and Hanahara, N and Tarigan, AI and Abe, Y and Furukawa, M and Morita, M},
title = {Slight thermal stress exerts genetic diversity selection at coral (Acropora digitifera) larval stages.},
journal = {BMC genomics},
volume = {26},
number = {1},
pages = {36},
pmid = {39810102},
issn = {1471-2164},
support = {17K07414//Japan Society for the Promotion of Science/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Anthozoa/genetics/physiology/growth &amp; development ; *Larva/genetics ; *Genetic Variation ; *Selection, Genetic ; *Heat-Shock Response/genetics ; Coral Reefs ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Rising seawater temperatures increasingly threaten coral reefs. The ability of coral larvae to withstand heat is crucial for maintaining reef ecosystems. Although several studies have investigated coral larvae's genetic responses to thermal stress, most relied on pooled sample sequencing, which provides population-level insights but may mask individual genotype variability. This study uses individual larval sequencing to investigate genotype-specific responses to heat stress and the selective pressures shaping their genomes, offering finer resolution and deeper insights.<br><br>RESULTS: This study investigates the larval response to heat stress before acquiring symbiotic algae, aiming to elucidate the relationship between coral genetic diversity and heat stress. Larvae sourced from eight Acropora digitifera colonies were subjected to ambient temperature (28&#xa0;&#xb0;C) and heat conditions (31&#xa0;&#xb0;C). The impact of heat stress on larval genetic diversity was assessed through sequencing. While overall genetic diversity, represented by &#x3c0;, did not significantly differ between the control and heat-exposed groups, Tajima's D differed, indicating different selective pressures in each group. The genomic regions under higher and lower Tajima's D were not broadly shared among control and head conditions, implying that selective pressures operated in distinctive manners. Many larval protein-coding sequences were identified in this genomic region, and the codon evolution of many of these genes showed signs of positive selection. These results highlight the complex selective pressures on coral larvae under different temperatures. The genes showing signs of positive selection in response to heat stress may have also been influenced by historical temperature fluctuations, as suggested by their association with loci identified during Acroporid speciation. These loci under codon-level positive selection during speciation highlight the potential role of genetic diversity in shaping adaptation to environmental changes over evolutionary timescales.<br><br>CONCLUSION: These findings underscore the significance of genetic diversity in coral reproduction for maintaining reef ecosystems. They also indicate that even minor heat stress can exert significant selective pressure, potentially leading to profound implications for coral reef ecosystems. This research is crucial for understanding the impact of rising seawater temperatures on coral reefs.},
}
@article {pmid39810029,
year = {2025},
author = {de Freitas Neto, LL and Santos, RFB and da Silva, MA and de Souza Bezerra, R and Saldanha-Corrêa, F and Espósito, BP},
title = {Zinc speciation promotes distinct effects on dinoflagellate growth and coral trypsin-like enzyme activity.},
journal = {Biometals : an international journal on the role of metal ions in biology, biochemistry, and medicine},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {39810029},
issn = {1572-8773},
support = {2021/07153-3//Funda&#xe7;&#xe3;o de Amparo &#xe0; Pesquisa do Estado de S&#xe3;o Paulo/ ; 2021/10894-5//Funda&#xe7;&#xe3;o de Amparo &#xe0; Pesquisa do Estado de S&#xe3;o Paulo/ ; 372742/2022-0//Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient&#xed;fico e Tecnol&#xf3;gico/ ; },
abstract = {Zinc is an essential metal to living organisms, including corals and their symbiotic microalgae (Symbiodiniaceae). Both Zn(II) deprivation and overload are capable of leading to dysfunctional metabolism, coral bleaching, and even organism death. The present work investigated the effects of chemically defined Zn species (free Zn, ZnO nanoparticles, and the complexes Zn-histidinate and Zn-EDTA) over the growth of the dinoflagellates Symbiodinium microadriaticum, Breviolum minutum, and Effrenium voratum, and on the trypsin-like proteolytic activity of the hydrocoral Millepora alcicornis. B. minutum was the most sensitive strain to any form of added Zn. For the other strains, the complex [Zn(His)2] better translated metal load into growth. This complex was the only tested compound that did not interfere with the trypsin-like activity of Millepora alcicornis extracts. Also, histidine was able to recover the activity of the enzyme inhibited by zinc. [Zn(His)2] is a potential biocarrier of zinc for microalgae or coral cultivation. These findings suggest that the control of chemical speciation of an essential metal could lead to useful compounds that assist autotrophy, while not affecting heterotrophy, in the coral holobiont.},
}
@article {pmid39810012,
year = {2025},
author = {Cahyaningtyas, HAA and Renaldi, G and Fibriana, F and Mulyani, WE},
title = {Cost-effective production of kombucha bacterial cellulose by evaluating nutrient sources, quality assessment, and dyeing methods.},
journal = {Environmental science and pollution research international},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {39810012},
issn = {1614-7499},
abstract = {Kombucha is a popular fermented beverage that involves fermentation using a symbiotic culture of bacteria and yeast (SCOBY) and produces bacterial cellulose (BC). Carbon and nitrogen sources are essential in kombucha processing and BC production. However, studies on cost-effective BC production as an alternative source of leather have remained scarce. This study aimed to assess the effects of various nitrogen and carbon sources on the production of kombucha BC, investigate the qualities, and dye the product using natural colorant. Different nitrogen sources (such as black tea, white tea, and green tea) and carbon sources (honey, sugar cane, palm sugar, and brown sugar) were used to produce kombucha BC, as well as to appraise the product qualities, which were dyed using three distinct natural dyes (coffee, ginger, and sappan wood). The results revealed that different nitrogen and carbon sources produced different BC with different properties. Green tea (N-source) and palm sugar (C-source) containing medium produced a BC thickness of 0.194 ± 0.04 mm with the highest tensile strength (24.42 ± 3.90 g). Different dyes also result in the fabric having different colors: brownish yellow (coffee), yellowish orange (ginger), and red (sappan wood). All BC products showed color stability after 8 months of storing at room temperature. In conclusion, effective BC production could use green tea and palm sugar as the best nitrogen and carbon sources, respectively. Dyed BC showed good visual quality and is promising for its eco-friendly and sustainable application in fashion products.},
}
@article {pmid39809323,
year = {2025},
author = {Boast, AP and Wood, JR and Cooper, J and Bolstridge, N and Perry, GLW and Wilmshurst, JM},
title = {DNA and spores from coprolites reveal that colourful truffle-like fungi endemic to New Zealand were consumed by extinct moa (Dinornithiformes).},
journal = {Biology letters},
volume = {21},
number = {1},
pages = {20240440},
pmid = {39809323},
issn = {1744-957X},
support = {//University of Auckland/ ; //Linnean Society of NSW/ ; //Ornithological Society of New Zealand/ ; //Royal Society Te Ap&#x101;rangi/ ; //New Zealand Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment's Science and Innovation Group/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; New Zealand ; *Spores, Fungal ; DNA, Fungal/genetics ; Extinction, Biological ; Feces/microbiology ; Ascomycota/genetics/physiology ; },
abstract = {Mycovores (animals that consume fungi) are important for fungal spore dispersal, including ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi symbiotic with forest-forming trees. As such, fungi and their symbionts may be impacted by mycovore extinction. New Zealand (NZ) has a diversity of unusual, colourful, endemic sequestrate (truffle-like) fungi, most of which are ECM. As NZ lacks native land mammals (except bats), and sequestrate fungi are typically drab and mammal-dispersed, NZ's sequestrate fungi are hypothesized to be adapted for bird dispersal. However, there is little direct evidence for this hypothesis, as 41% of NZ's native land bird species became extinct since initial human settlement in the thirteenth century. Here, we report ancient DNA and spores from the inside of two coprolites of NZ's extinct, endemic upland moa (Megalapteryx didinus) that reveal consumption and likely dispersal of ECM fungi, including at least one colourful sequestrate species. Contemporary data from NZ show that birds rarely consume fungi and that the introduced mammals preferentially consume exotic fungi. NZ's endemic sequestrate fungi could therefore be dispersal limited compared with fungi that co-evolved with mammalian dispersers. NZ's fungal communities may thus be undergoing a gradual species turnover following avian mycovore extinction and the establishment of mammalian mycovores, potentially affecting forest resilience and facilitating invasion by exotic tree taxa.},
}
@article {pmid39807089,
year = {2025},
author = {Iqbal, N and Brien, C and Jewell, N and Berger, B and Zhou, Y and Denison, RF and Denton, MD},
title = {Chickpea displays a temporal growth response to Mesorhizobium strains under well-watered and drought conditions.},
journal = {Physiologia plantarum},
volume = {177},
number = {1},
pages = {e70041},
pmid = {39807089},
issn = {1399-3054},
mesh = {*Cicer/microbiology/growth &amp; development/physiology/genetics ; *Mesorhizobium/physiology ; *Droughts ; *Water/metabolism ; Biomass ; Symbiosis/physiology ; Root Nodules, Plant/microbiology/growth &amp; development ; Plant Shoots/growth &amp; development ; Nitrogen/metabolism ; Plant Root Nodulation/physiology ; },
abstract = {The relative performance of rhizobial strains could depend on their resource allocation, environmental conditions, and host genotype. Here, we used a high-throughput shoot phenotyping to investigate the effects of Mesorhizobium strain on the growth dynamics, nodulation and bacteroid traits with four chickpea (Cicer arietinum) varieties grown under different water regimes in an experiment including four nitrogen sources (two Mesorhizobium strains, and two uninoculated controls: nitrogen fertilised and unfertilised) under well-watered and drought conditions. We asked three questions. Does the impact of rhizobial strains on chickpea growth change with well-watered versus drought conditions? Do Mesorhizobium strains differ in their ability to influence biomass and nodule traits of chickpea varieties under well-watered and drought conditions? Are bacteroid size and amount of polyhydroxybutyrate modified by Mesorhizobium strain, chickpea variety, water availability and their interactions? Under well-watered conditions, chickpea inoculated with CC1192 showed higher shoot growth rates than M075 and accumulated high plant biomass at harvest. Under drought conditions, however, the shoot growth rate was comparable between CC1192 and M075, with no significant difference in plant biomass and symbiotic effectiveness at harvest. Across sources of variation, plant biomass varied 3.0-fold, nodules per plant 3.9-fold, nodule dry weight 3.0-fold, symbiotic effectiveness 1.5-fold, bacteroid size 1.4-fold and bacteroid polyhydroxybutyrate 1.4-fold. Plant biomass was negatively correlated with both bacteroid size and allocation to polyhydroxybutyrate under well-watered conditions, suggesting a trade-off between plant and rhizobial fitness. This study demonstrates the need to reassess rhizobial strain effectiveness across diverse environments, recognising the dynamic nature of their interaction with host plants.},
}
@article {pmid39806046,
year = {2025},
author = {Sun, L and Liu, X and Zhou, L and Wang, H and Lian, C and Zhong, Z and Wang, M and Chen, H and Li, C},
title = {Shallow-water mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) adapt to deep-sea environment through transcriptomic and metagenomic insights.},
journal = {Communications biology},
volume = {8},
number = {1},
pages = {46},
pmid = {39806046},
issn = {2399-3642},
support = {42276153, 42106134, 42106100, 42030407//National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China)/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Mytilus/microbiology/genetics/immunology ; *Transcriptome ; *Microbiota ; Metagenomics ; Symbiosis/genetics ; Adaptation, Physiological/genetics ; Seawater/microbiology ; Metagenome ; },
abstract = {Recent studies have unveiled the deep sea as a rich biosphere, populated by species descended from shallow-water ancestors post-mass extinctions. Research on genomic evolution and microbial symbiosis has shed light on how these species thrive in extreme deep-sea conditions. However, early adaptation stages, particularly the roles of conserved genes and symbiotic microbes, remain inadequately understood. This study examined transcriptomic and microbiome changes in shallow-water mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis exposed to deep-sea conditions at the Site-F cold seep in the South China Sea. Results reveal complex gene expression adjustments in stress response, immune defense, homeostasis, and energy metabolism pathways during adaptation. After 10 days of deep-sea exposure, shallow-water mussels and their microbial communities closely resembled those of native deep-sea mussels, demonstrating host and microbiome convergence in response to adaptive shifts. Notably, methanotrophic bacteria, key symbionts in native deep-sea mussels, emerged as a dominant group in the exposed mussels. Host genes involved in immune recognition and endocytosis correlated significantly with the abundance of these bacteria. Overall, our analyses provide insights into adaptive transcriptional regulation and microbiome dynamics of mussels in deep-sea environments, highlighting the roles of conserved genes and microbial community shifts in adapting to extreme environments.},
}
@article {pmid39805197,
year = {2025},
author = {Chen, G and Huang, T and Dai, Y and Huo, X and Xu, X},
title = {Effects of POPs-induced SIRT6 alteration on intestinal mucosal barrier function: A comprehensive review.},
journal = {Ecotoxicology and environmental safety},
volume = {289},
number = {},
pages = {117705},
doi = {10.1016/j.ecoenv.2025.117705},
pmid = {39805197},
issn = {1090-2414},
abstract = {Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are pervasive organic chemicals with significant environmental and ecological ramifications, extending to adverse human health effects due to their toxicity and persistence. The intestinal mucosal barrier, a sophisticated defense mechanism comprising the epithelial layer, mucosal chemistry, and cellular immunity, shields the host from external threats and fosters a symbiotic relationship with intestinal bacteria. Sirtuin 6 (SIRT6), a sirtuin family member, is pivotal in genome and telomere stability, inflammation regulation, and metabolic processes. Result shows POPs have been implicated in the intestinal diseases, particularly in intestinal barrier dysfunction, through mechanisms such as cellular damage, epigenetic alterations, inflammation, microbiota changes, and metabolic disruptions. While the impact of SIRT6 expression changes on intestinal barrier functions has been reviewed, the mechanisms linking POPs to SIRT6 remain elusive. This review summarized the latest research results on the effects of POPs on intestinal barrier, discussed the role of SIRT6 from multiple mechanism perspectives, proposed new research directions on POPs, SIRT6 and intestinal health, and explored the therapeutic potential of SIRT6.},
}
@article {pmid39805025,
year = {2025},
author = {Galvão Ferrarini, M and Ribeiro Lopes, M and Rebollo, R},
title = {Cooperation between symbiotic partners through protein trafficking.},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
volume = {122},
number = {3},
pages = {e2424789122},
doi = {10.1073/pnas.2424789122},
pmid = {39805025},
issn = {1091-6490},
}
@article {pmid39803554,
year = {2025},
author = {Forti, AM and Jones, MA and Elbeyli, DN and Butler, ND and Kunjapur, AM},
title = {Design of an exclusive obligate symbiosis for organism-based biological containment.},
journal = {bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1101/2025.01.05.631398},
pmid = {39803554},
issn = {2692-8205},
abstract = {Biological containment is a critical safeguard for genetically engineered microbes prior to their environmental release to prevent proliferation in unintended regions. However, few biocontainment strategies can support the longer-term microbial survival that may be desired in a target environment without repeated human intervention. Here, we introduce the concept of an orthogonal obligate commensalism for the autonomous creation of environments that are permissive for survival of a biocontained microbe. We engineer one microbe to produce a non-standard amino acid (nsAA), and we engineer synthetic auxotrophy in a second microbe via reliance on this nsAA for growth. We show that this obligate commensalism is highly effective, with the survival of our commensal organism during co-culture dependent on the presence of our producer strain. We also show that this commensalism is orthogonal to a small microbial consortium isolated from maize roots, with survival of the synthetic auxotroph conditional upon the presence of the nsAA-producing strain in the consortium. Overall, our study demonstrates a transition from a chemical to a biological dependence for biocontained organisms that could lay the groundwork for biocontained synthetic ecologies.},
}
@article {pmid39803200,
year = {2025},
author = {Olivares-Cordero, D and Timmons, C and Kenkel, CD and Quigley, KM},
title = {Symbiont Community Changes Confer Fitness Benefits for Larvae in a Vertically Transmitting Coral.},
journal = {Ecology and evolution},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {e70839},
pmid = {39803200},
issn = {2045-7758},
abstract = {Coral reefs worldwide are threatened by increasing ocean temperatures because of the sensitivity of the coral-algal symbiosis to thermal stress. Reef-building corals form symbiotic relationships with dinoflagellates (family Symbiodiniaceae), including those species which acquire their initial symbiont complement predominately from their parents. Changes in the composition of symbiont communities, through the mechanisms of symbiont shuffling or switching, can modulate the host's thermal limits. However, the role of shuffling in coral acclimatization to heat is understudied in coral offspring and to date has largely focused on the adults. To quantify potential fitness benefits and consequences of changes in symbiont communities under a simulated heatwave in coral early life-history stages, we exposed larvae and juveniles of the widespread, vertically transmitting coral, Montipora digitata, to heat stress (32°C) and tracked changes in their growth, survival, photosynthetic efficiency, and symbiont community composition over time relative to controls. We found negative impacts from warming in all fitness-related traits, which varied significantly among larval families and across life-history stages. Larvae that survived heat exposure exhibited changes in symbiont communities that favored symbionts that are canonically more stress tolerant. Compared to larvae, juveniles showed more rapid mortality under heat stress and their symbiont communities were largely fixed regardless of temperature treatment, suggesting an inability to alter their symbiont community as an acclimatory response to heat stress. Taken together, these findings suggest that capacity for symbiont shuffling may be modified through ontogeny, and that the juvenile life stage may be less flexible and more at risk from climate warming in this species.},
}
@article {pmid39800293,
year = {2025},
author = {Xie, YX and Cheng, WC and Xue, ZF and Wang, L and Rahman, MM},
title = {Degradation of naphthalene in aqueous solution using a microbial symbiotic system founded by degrading and ureolytic bacteria.},
journal = {Environmental research},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {120800},
doi = {10.1016/j.envres.2025.120800},
pmid = {39800293},
issn = {1096-0953},
abstract = {Although single bacteria have been applied to the Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) remediation, its efficacy is severely restricted by long degradation periods and low efficacy. A microbial symbiotic system founded by two or more bacterial strains may be an alternative to traditional remediation approaches. Its construction is, however, hampered by antagonistic interactions and remains challenging. The present work proposed a microbial symbiotic system consisting of the naphthalene degrading bacteria and the non-PAHs degrading bacteria and improved their interspecies interactions by using sequential inoculation. The non-PAHs degrading bacteria were inoculated after the inoculation of the naphthalene degrading bacteria. The sequential inoculation not only promoted the non-PAHs degrading bacteria to use the metabolites of the naphthalene degrading bacteria as an energy source but developed a resistance of the two bacterial strains to naphthalene. Vaterite and aragonite were identified following urea hydrolysis by the non-PAHs degrading bacteria. The faster precipitation rate in naphthalene degradation by the symbiotic system elevated the proportion of vaterite, allowing more naphthalene and its metabolites to be wrapped in or attached to minerals with the bacteria through the physisorption (Van der Waals force) and chemisorption (Ca-π interaction with aromatic rings) and promoting the formation of aggregates. The formation of aggregates further reduced the mobility of naphthalene. Results indicate that 40% of naphthalene in the non-inoculated sterile control group was quickly released into the atmosphere, causing serious public concerns regarding health safety. According to the thermogravimetry-gas chromatography mass spectrometry (TG-GC/MS) analysis, no trace of naphthalene was found in the samples, indicating that the degrading bacteria fully degraded naphthalene after its adsorption. As a result, the degradation efficiency of 100% was attained using the symbiotic system even at 200 mg/L naphthalene. The findings underscore the relative merits of the symbiotic system applied to the remediation of naphthalene in an aqueous solution.},
}
@article {pmid39797518,
year = {2025},
author = {Castelli, M and Gammuto, L and Podushkina, D and Vecchi, M and Altiero, T and Clementi, E and Guidetti, R and Rebecchi, L and Sassera, D},
title = {Hepatincolaceae (Alphaproteobacteria) are Distinct From Holosporales and Independently Evolved to Associate With Ecdysozoa.},
journal = {Environmental microbiology},
volume = {27},
number = {1},
pages = {e70028},
pmid = {39797518},
issn = {1462-2920},
support = {Italian NRPP Mission 4 Component 2 Investment 1.4//European Union-NextGenerationEU/ ; },
mesh = {*Phylogeny ; *Genome, Bacterial ; Animals ; Arthropods/microbiology/classification ; Symbiosis ; Evolution, Molecular ; Biological Evolution ; },
abstract = {The Hepatincolaceae (Alphaproteobacteria) are a group of bacteria that inhabit the gut of arthropods and other ecdysozoans, associating extracellularly with microvilli. Previous phylogenetic studies, primarily single-gene analyses, suggested their relationship to the Holosporales, which includes intracellular bacteria in protist hosts. However, the genomics of Hepatincolaceae is still in its early stages. In this study, the number of available Hepatincolaceae genomes was increased to examine their evolutionary and functional characteristics. It was found that the previous phylogenetic grouping with Holosporales was incorrect due to sequence compositional biases and that Hepatincolaceae form an independent branch within the Hepatincolaceae. This led to a reinterpretation of their features, proposing a new evolutionary scenario that involves an independent adaptation to host association compared to the Holosporales, with distinct specificities. The Hepatincolaceae exhibit greater nutritional flexibility, utilising various molecules available in the host gut and thriving in anaerobic conditions. However, they have a less complex mechanism for modulating host interactions, which are likely less direct than those of intracellular bacteria. In addition, representatives of Hepatincolaceae show several lineage-specific traits related to differences in host species and life conditions.},
}
@article {pmid39796496,
year = {2024},
author = {Czerwińska-Ledwig, O and Nowak-Zaleska, A and Żychowska, M and Meyza, K and Pałka, T and Dzidek, A and Szlachetka, A and Jurczyszyn, A and Piotrowska, A},
title = {The Positive Effects of Training and Time-Restricted Eating in Gut Microbiota Biodiversity in Patients with Multiple Myeloma.},
journal = {Nutrients},
volume = {17},
number = {1},
pages = {},
pmid = {39796496},
issn = {2072-6643},
support = {022/RID/2018/19//Ministry of Science and Higher Education (Poland)/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; *Multiple Myeloma/microbiology ; Middle Aged ; Aged ; Male ; Female ; *Biodiversity ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics ; Walking ; Bacteria/classification/genetics/isolation &amp; purification ; Feces/microbiology ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The physical activity of different groups of individuals results in the rearrangement of microbiota composition toward a symbiotic microbiota profile. This applies to both healthy and diseased individuals. Multiple myeloma (MM), one of the more common hematological malignancies, predominantly affects older adults. Identifying an appropriate form of physical activity for this patient group remains a challenge. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of a 6-week Nordic walking (NW) training program combined with a 10/14 time-restricted eating regimen on the gut microbiota composition of multiple myeloma patients.<br><br>METHODS: This study included healthy individuals as the control group (n = 16; mean age: 62.19 &#xb1; 5.4) and patients with multiple myeloma in remission (MM group; n = 16; mean age: 65.00 &#xb1; 5.13; mean disease duration: 57 months). The training intervention was applied to the patient group and consisted of three moderate-intensity sessions per week, individually tailored to the estimated physical capacity of each participant. The taxonomic composition was determined via 16S rRNA sequencing (V3-V9 regions). The microbiota composition was compared between the patient group and the control group.<br><br>RESULTS: The alpha and beta diversity metrics for species and genus levels differed significantly between the control and patient groups before the implementation of the NW program. In contrast, no differences were observed between the control and patient groups after the training cycle, indicating that the patients' microbiota changed toward the pattern of the control group. This is confirmed by the lowest values of average dissimilarity between the MMB groups and the control at all taxonomic levels, as well as the highest one between the control group and the MMA patient group. The gut microbiota of the patients was predominantly represented by the phyla Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Verrucomicrobia, Proteobacteria, and Bacteroidetes.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: The training, combined with time-restricted eating, stimulated an increase in the biodiversity and taxonomic rearrangement of the gut microbiota species.},
}
@article {pmid39795275,
year = {2024},
author = {Preisler, AC and do Carmo, GC and da Silva, RC and Simões, ALO and Izidoro, JC and Pieretti, JC and Dos Reis, RA and Jacob, ALF and Seabra, AB and Oliveira, HC},
title = {Improving Soybean Germination and Nodule Development with Nitric Oxide-Releasing Polymeric Nanoparticles.},
journal = {Plants (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {14},
number = {1},
pages = {},
pmid = {39795275},
issn = {2223-7747},
support = {001//Coordena&#xe7;&#xe3;o de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de N&#xed;vel Superior/ ; 2024/12112-2, 2020/03646-2, 2022/03914-2, 2023/16363-7//Funda&#xe7;&#xe3;o de Amparo &#xe0; Pesquisa do Estado de S&#xe3;o Paulo/ ; 313117/2019-5, 405908/2022-9, 308382/2023-4//National Council for Scientific and Technological Development/ ; CNPq 405924/2022-4, CAPES, FAPESP//INCT Nanotechnology for Sustainable Agriculture/ ; },
abstract = {Nitric oxide (NO) is a multifunctional signaling molecule in plants, playing key roles in germination, microbial symbiosis, and nodule formation. However, its instability requires innovative approaches, such as using nanoencapsulated NO donors, to prolong its effects. This study evaluated the impact of treating soybean (Glycine max) seeds with the NO donor S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO), encapsulated in polymeric nanoparticles, on the germination, nodulation, and plant growth. Seeds were treated with free GSNO, chitosan nanoparticles with/without NO (NP CS-GSNO/NP CS-GSH, where GSH is glutathione, the NO donor precursor), and alginate nanoparticles with/without NO (NP Al-GSNO/NP Al-GSH). Chitosan nanoparticles (positive zeta potential) were smaller and released NO faster compared with alginate nanoparticles (negative zeta potential). The seed treatment with NP CS-GSNO (1 mM, related to GSNO concentration) significantly improved germination percentage, root length, number of secondary roots, and dry root mass of soybean compared with the control. Conversely, NP CS-GSH resulted in decreased root and shoot length. NP Al-GSNO enhanced shoot dry mass and increased the number of secondary roots by approximately threefold at the highest concentrations. NP CS-GSNO, NP Al-GSNO, and NP Al-GSH increased S-nitrosothiol levels in the roots by approximately fourfold compared with the control. However, NP CS-GSNO was the only treatment that increased the nodule dry mass of soybean plants. Therefore, our results indicate the potential of chitosan nanoparticles to improve the application of NO donors in soybean seeds.},
}
@article {pmid39795246,
year = {2025},
author = {Sorita, GD and Caicedo Chacon, WD and Strieder, MM and Rodriguez-García, C and Fritz, AM and Verruck, S and Ayala Valencia, G and Mendiola, JA},
title = {Biorefining Brazilian Green Propolis: An Eco-Friendly Approach Based on a Sequential High-Pressure Extraction for Recovering High-Added-Value Compounds.},
journal = {Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {30},
number = {1},
pages = {},
pmid = {39795246},
issn = {1420-3049},
support = {PID2020-113050RB-I00//Agencia Estatal de Investigaci&#xf3;n/ ; CP 48/2021, FAPESC, Brazil//Funda&#xe7;&#xe3;o de Amparo &#xe0; Pesquisa e Inova&#xe7;&#xe3;o de Santa Catarina/ ; 88887.877048/2023-00 and 88887.877143/2023-00, CAPES PRINT, Brazil//Coordena&#xe7;&#xe3;o de Aperfei&#xe7;oamento de Pessoal de N&#xed;vel Superior/ ; 2023/05722-6//Funda&#xe7;&#xe3;o de Amparo &#xe0; Pesquisa do Estado de S&#xe3;o Paulo - FAPESP/ ; Red de cooperaci&#xf3;n Biorrefiner&#xed;as desde la docencia, la extensi&#xf3;n y la investigaci&#xf3;n (BioR-DEI), code Hermes 57909//Universidad Nacional de Colombia/ ; },
mesh = {*Propolis/chemistry ; Brazil ; *Antioxidants/chemistry/pharmacology/isolation &amp; purification ; *Chromatography, Supercritical Fluid/methods ; Phenols/chemistry/isolation &amp; purification ; Pressure ; Green Chemistry Technology ; Lipoxygenase Inhibitors/pharmacology/chemistry/isolation &amp; purification ; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry ; },
abstract = {Propolis is a valuable natural resource for extracting various beneficial compounds. This study explores a sustainable extraction approach for Brazilian green propolis. First, supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) process parameters were optimized (co-solvent: 21.11% v/v CPME, and temperature: 60 °C) to maximize yield, total phenolic content (TPC), antioxidant capacity, and LOX (lipoxygenase) inhibitory activity. GC-MS analysis identified 40 metabolites in SFE extracts, including fatty acids, terpenoids, phenolics, and sterols. After selecting the optimum SFE process parameters, a sequential high-pressure extraction (HPE) approach was developed, comprising SFE, pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) with EtOH/H2O, and subcritical water extraction (SWE). This process was compared to a similar sequential extraction using low-pressure extractions (LPE) with a Soxhlet extractor. The HPE process achieved a significantly higher overall yield (80.86%) than LPE (71.43%). SFE showed higher selectivity, resulting in a lower carbohydrate content in the non-polar fraction, and PLE extracted nearly twice the protein amount of LPE-2. Despite the HPE selectivity, LPE extracts exhibited better acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), and LOX inhibition, demonstrating that the neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory activity of the extracts may be associated with a symbiosis of a set of compounds. Finally, a comprehensive greenness assessment revealed that the HPE process proved more sustainable and aligned with green chemistry principles than the LPE method.},
}
@article {pmid39792271,
year = {2025},
author = {Harzli, I and Özdener Kömpe, Y},
title = {Impact of Fungal Symbionts of Co-occurring Orchids on the Seed Germination of Serapias orientalis and Spiranthes spiralis.},
journal = {Current microbiology},
volume = {82},
number = {2},
pages = {79},
pmid = {39792271},
issn = {1432-0991},
mesh = {*Orchidaceae/microbiology/growth &amp; development ; *Seeds/microbiology/growth &amp; development ; *Germination ; *Symbiosis ; *Mycorrhizae/physiology ; Phylogeny ; Basidiomycota/physiology/growth &amp; development ; },
abstract = {Interactions with mycorrhizal fungi are increasingly recognized as crucial ecological factors influencing orchids' distribution and local abundance. While some orchid species interact with multiple fungal partners, others show selectivity in their mycorrhizal associations. Additionally, orchids that share the same habitat often form relationships with different fungal partners, possibly to reduce competition and ensure stable coexistence. However, the direct impact of variations in mycorrhizal partners on seed germination remains largely unknown. We examined how fungal associates' specific identity and origin affect seed germination in Spiranthes spiralis and Serapias orientalis through in situ symbiotic germination experiments. A total of four fungal isolates, Tulasnellaceae and Ceratobasidiaceae were successfully isolated and cultured from S. spiralis and S. orientalis and two additional orchid species found in the same habitat: Neotinea tridentata and Orchis provincialis. While all fungal strains facilitated the swelling of seed embryos, only the fungal associate, a member of the Ceratobasidiaceae family isolated from N. tridentata, (NT2) was capable of inducing protocorm formation and subsequent seedling growth of S. spiralis seeds. Another fungal associate belonging to the Tulasnellaceae family and isolated from O. provincialis (OP3) supported seed germination up to the seedling stage of S. orientalis seeds. However, the remaining two fungal strains did not support seed germination. We conclude that fungal associates of co-occurring orchids can promote seed germination and seedling growth in S. spiralis and S. orientalis.},
}
@article {pmid39791884,
year = {2025},
author = {Sterrett, JD and Quinn, KD and Doenges, KA and Nusbacher, NM and Levens, CL and Armstrong, ML and Reisdorph, RM and Smith, H and Saba, LM and Kuhn, KA and Lozupone, CA and Reisdorph, NA},
title = {Appearance of green tea compounds in plasma following acute green tea consumption is modulated by the gut microbiome in mice.},
journal = {Microbiology spectrum},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e0179924},
doi = {10.1128/spectrum.01799-24},
pmid = {39791884},
issn = {2165-0497},
abstract = {UNLABELLED: Studies have suggested that phytochemicals in green tea have systemic anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects. However, the mechanisms behind these effects are poorly understood, possibly due to the differential metabolism of phytochemicals resulting from variations in gut microbiome composition. To unravel this complex relationship, our team utilized a novel combined microbiome analysis and metabolomics approach applied to low complexity microbiome (LCM) and human colonized (HU) gnotobiotic mice treated with an acute dose of powdered matcha green tea. A total of 20 LCM mice received 10 distinct human fecal slurries for an n = 2 mice per human gut microbiome; 9 LCM mice remained un-colonized with human slurries throughout the experiment. We performed untargeted metabolomics on green tea and plasma to identify green tea compounds that were found in the plasma of LCM and HU mice that had consumed green tea. 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing was performed on feces of all mice at study end to assess microbiome composition. We found multiple green tea compounds in plasma associated with microbiome presence and diversity (including acetylagmatine, lactiflorin, and aspartic acid negatively associated with diversity). Additionally, we detected strong associations between bioactive green tea compounds in plasma and specific gut bacteria, including associations between spiramycin and Gemmiger and between wildforlide and Anaerorhabdus. Notably, some of the physiologically relevant green tea compounds are likely derived from plant-associated microbes, highlighting the importance of considering foods and food products as meta-organisms. Overall, we describe a novel workflow for discovering relationships between individual food compounds and the composition of the gut microbiome.<br><br>IMPORTANCE: Foods contain thousands of unique and biologically important compounds beyond the macro- and micro-nutrients listed on nutrition facts labels. In mammals, many of these compounds are metabolized or co-metabolized by the community of microbes in the colon. These microbes may impact the thousands of biologically important compounds we consume; therefore, understanding microbial metabolism of food compounds will be important for understanding how foods impact health. We used metabolomics to track green tea compounds in plasma of mice with and without complex microbiomes. From this, we can start to recognize certain groups of green tea-derived compounds that are impacted by mammalian microbiomes. This research presents a novel technique for understanding microbial metabolism of food-derived compounds in the gut, which can be applied to other foods.},
}
@article {pmid39791879,
year = {2025},
author = {Kohlmeier, MG and O'Hara, GW and Ramsay, JP and Terpolilli, JJ},
title = {Closed genomes of commercial inoculant rhizobia provide a blueprint for management of legume inoculation.},
journal = {Applied and environmental microbiology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e0221324},
doi = {10.1128/aem.02213-24},
pmid = {39791879},
issn = {1098-5336},
abstract = {UNLABELLED: Rhizobia are soil bacteria capable of establishing symbiosis within legume root nodules, where they reduce atmospheric N2 into ammonia and supply it to the plant for growth. Australian soils often lack rhizobia compatible with introduced agricultural legumes, so inoculation with exotic strains has become a common practice for over 50 years. While extensive research has assessed the N2-fixing capabilities of these inoculants, their genomics, taxonomy, and core and accessory gene phylogeny are poorly characterized. Furthermore, in some cases, inoculant strains have been developed from isolations made in Australia. It is unknown whether these strains represent naturalized exotic organisms, native rhizobia with a capacity to nodulate introduced legumes, or recombinant strains arising from horizontal transfer between introduced and native bacteria. Here, we describe the complete, closed genome sequences of 42 Australian commercial rhizobia. These strains span the genera, Bradyrhizobium, Mesorhizobium, Methylobacterium, Rhizobium, and Sinorhizobium, and only 23 strains were identified to species level. Within inoculant strain genomes, replicon structure and location of symbiosis genes were consistent with those of model strains for each genus, except for Rhizobium sp. SRDI969, where the symbiosis genes are chromosomally encoded. Genomic analysis of the strains isolated from Australia showed they were related to exotic strains, suggesting that they may have colonized Australian soils following undocumented introductions. These genome sequences provide the basis for accurate strain identification to manage inoculation and identify the prevalence and impact of horizontal gene transfer (HGT) on legume productivity.<br><br>IMPORTANCE: Inoculation of cultivated legumes with exotic rhizobia is integral to Australian agriculture in soils lacking compatible rhizobia. The Australian inoculant program supplies phenotypically characterized high-performing strains for farmers but in most cases, little is known about the genomes of these rhizobia. Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) of symbiosis genes from inoculant strains to native non-symbiotic rhizobia frequently occurs in Australian soils and can impact the long-term stability and efficacy of legume inoculation. Here, we present the analysis of reference-quality genomes for 42 Australian commercial rhizobial inoculants. We verify and classify the genetics, genome architecture, and taxonomy of these organisms. Importantly, these genome sequences will facilitate the accurate strain identification and monitoring of inoculants in soils and plant nodules, as well as enable detection of horizontal gene transfer to native rhizobia, thus ensuring the efficacy and integrity of Australia's legume inoculation program.},
}
@article {pmid39791180,
year = {2025},
author = {Shakya, R and Sivakumar, PM and Prabhakar, PK},
title = {Gut Microbiota and Diabetes: Pioneering New Treatment Frontiers.},
journal = {Endocrine, metabolic &amp; immune disorders drug targets},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.2174/0118715303342579241119155225},
pmid = {39791180},
issn = {2212-3873},
abstract = {Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a complex metabolic disorder characterized by chronic hyperglycemia and poses significant global health challenges. Conventional treatments, such as insulin therapy and lifestyle modifications, have shown limited efficacy in addressing the multifactorial nature of DM. Emerging evidence suggests that gut microbiota, a diverse community of microorganisms critical for metabolism and immune function, plays a pivotal role in metabolic health. Dysbiosis, an imbalance in gut microbiota composition, has been linked to insulin resistance, obesity, and DM. Gut microbiota influences glucose metabolism through mechanisms, including short-chain fatty acid production, gut permeability regulation, and immune system interactions, indicating a bidirectional relationship between microbial health and metabolism. Clinical and experimental studies demonstrate that modulating gut microbiota through dietary interventions (prebiotics, probiotics, synbiotics) improves glycemic control and insulin sensitivity in DM patients. Fecal Microbiota Transplantation (FMT) has also shown promise in restoring healthy gut microbiota and alleviating DM-related metabolic disturbances. However, challenges remain, including the need for personalized treatments due to individual microbiota variability and the unknown long-term effects of these interventions. Future research should focus on elucidating the mechanisms by which gut microbiota influences metabolism and refining personalized approaches to enhance DM management.},
}
@article {pmid39791000,
year = {2024},
author = {Gairin, E and Miura, S and Takamiyagi, H and Herrera, M and Laudet, V},
title = {The genome of the sapphire damselfish Chrysiptera cyanea: a new resource to support further investigation of the evolution of Pomacentrids.},
journal = {GigaByte (Hong Kong, China)},
volume = {2024},
number = {},
pages = {gigabyte144},
pmid = {39791000},
issn = {2709-4715},
abstract = {The number of high-quality genomes is rapidly increasing across taxa. However, it remains limited for coral reef fish of the Pomacentrid family, with most research focused on anemonefish. Here, we present the first assembly for a Pomacentrid of the genus Chrysiptera. Using PacBio long-read sequencing with 94.5× coverage, the genome of the Sapphire Devil, Chrysiptera cyanea, was assembled and annotated. The final assembly comprises 896 Mb pairs across 91 contigs, with a BUSCO completeness of 97.6%, and 28,173 genes. Comparative analyses with chromosome-scale assemblies of related species identified contig-chromosome correspondences. This genome will be useful as a comparison to study specific adaptations linked to the symbiotic life of closely related anemonefish. Furthermore, C. cyanea is found in most tropical coastal areas of the Indo-West Pacific and could become a model for environmental monitoring. This work will expand coral reef research efforts, highlighting the power of long-read assemblies to retrieve high quality genomes.},
}
@article {pmid39789791,
year = {2025},
author = {Zhou, M and Wang, J and Yang, R and Xu, X and Lian, D and Xu, Y and Shen, H and Zhang, H and Xu, J and Liang, M},
title = {Stenotrophomonas sp. SI-NJAU-1 and Its Mutant Strain with Excretion-Ammonium Capability Promote Plant Growth through Biological Nitrogen Fixation.},
journal = {Journal of agricultural and food chemistry},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1021/acs.jafc.4c08697},
pmid = {39789791},
issn = {1520-5118},
abstract = {Legumes are well-known for symbiotic nitrogen fixation, whereas associative nitrogen fixation for nonlegume plants needs more attention. Most associative nitrogen-fixing bacteria are applied in their original plant species and need further study for broad adaptation. Additionally, if isolated nitrogen-fixing bacteria could function under fertilizer conditions, it is often ignored. Here, among 21 nitrogen-fixing bacteria isolated from barrenness-tolerance Jerusalem artichoke (JA), Stenotrophomonas sp. SI-NJAU-1 excelled in nitrogen fixation and boosted the growth of JA, wheat, barley, and rice. Additionally, SI-NJAU-1 was proven to decrease the application of compound fertilizers by 30%. To further promote plant growth, Gln K and gln B of SI-NJAU-1, which are crucial for bacterial ammonium assimilation, were mutated. Deletion of gln K but not gln B in SI-NJAU-1 reduced the activity of glutamine synthetase (GS) and the unadenylylated GS and the content of glutamine, which led to ammonium secretion outside and significantly increased the biomass of barley. This work expands the scope of associative nitrogen-fixing endophytes, affirming their potential for plant growth promotion.},
}
@article {pmid39789691,
year = {2025},
author = {Lin, Y and He, C and Li, Z and Sun, Y and Tong, L and Chen, X and Zeng, R and Su, Z and Song, Y},
title = {sly-miR408b Targets a Plastocyanin-Like Protein to Regulate Mycorrhizal Symbiosis in Tomato.},
journal = {Plant, cell &amp; environment},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/pce.15363},
pmid = {39789691},
issn = {1365-3040},
support = {//The study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. U2005208, 32170350, 32271617, and 32371588) and Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province (20210302122005)./ ; },
abstract = {Symbiosis between arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and plants plays a crucial role in nutrient acquisition and stress resistance for terrestrial plants. microRNAs have been reported to participate in the regulation of mycorrhizal symbiosis by controlling the expression of their target genes. Herein, we found that sly-miR408b was significantly downregulated in response to mycorrhizal colonisation. Overexpression of sly-miR408b compromised mycorrhizal colonisation by Rhizophagus irregularis in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) roots. A basic blue protein gene (SlBBP) was then identified as the new target gene of miR408b in tomato. The expression of membrane-located SlBBP was induced in a copper-dependent manner. Importantly, the loss function of SlBBP decreased the root mycorrhizal colonisation. Overexpression of SlBBP decreased SOD activity, which may interfere with the process of scavenging excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS). Mutation of RBOH1, which encodes ROS-producing enzymes NADPH oxidases, obviously reduced the arbuscule abundance in the mutant roots. Overall, our results provide evidence that sly-miR408b and its target gene SlBBP regulate mycorrhizal symbiosis in tomato through mediating ROS production.},
}
@article {pmid39788854,
year = {2025},
author = {Yu, YH and Crosbie, DB and Marín Arancibia, M},
title = {Pseudomonas in the spotlight: emerging roles in the nodule microbiome.},
journal = {Trends in plant science},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.tplants.2024.12.002},
pmid = {39788854},
issn = {1878-4372},
abstract = {While rhizobia have long been recognised as the primary colonisers of legume nodules, microbiome studies have revealed the presence of other bacteria in these organs. This opinion delves into the factors shaping the nodule microbiome and explores the potential roles of non-rhizobial endophytes, focusing particularly on Pseudomonas as prominent players. We explore the mechanisms by which Pseudomonas colonise nodules, their interactions with rhizobia, and their remarkable potential to promote plant growth and protect against pathogens. Furthermore, we discuss the promising prospects of using Pseudomonas as inoculants alongside rhizobia to enhance crop growth and promote sustainable agricultural practices.},
}
@article {pmid39788097,
year = {2025},
author = {Jia, D and Chen, S},
title = {Commensal fungi, a force to be reckoned with.},
journal = {Cell host &amp; microbe},
volume = {33},
number = {1},
pages = {6-8},
doi = {10.1016/j.chom.2024.12.012},
pmid = {39788097},
issn = {1934-6069},
mesh = {*Symbiosis ; Animals ; Mice ; *Homeostasis ; Hypocreales/physiology/pathogenicity ; Humans ; Fungi/immunology/pathogenicity/physiology ; Mucus/microbiology/metabolism ; },
abstract = {Fungal symbionts play a key role in maintaining host homeostasis. In a recent issue of Nature, Liao et al. show that Kazachstania pintolopesii, a symbiotic fungus in mice, is shielded from the host immune system during homeostasis but induces type 2 immunity during mucus fluctuations.},
}
@article {pmid39787926,
year = {2025},
author = {Wang, M and Sun, X and Ye, D and Duan, Y and Li, D and Guo, Y and Wang, M and Huang, Y and Chen, F and Feng, H and Dong, X and Cheng, S and Yu, Y and Xu, S and Zhu, Z},
title = {Glycine betaine enhances heavy metal phytoremediation via rhizosphere modulation and nitrogen metabolism in king grass-Serratia marcescens strain S27 symbiosis.},
journal = {Journal of hazardous materials},
volume = {487},
number = {},
pages = {137153},
doi = {10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.137153},
pmid = {39787926},
issn = {1873-3336},
abstract = {Microbe-Assisted Phytoremediation (MAP) is an eco-friendly method for remediating soil contaminated with heavy metals such as cadmium (Cd) and chromium (Cr). This study demonstrates the potential of a king grass-Serratia marcescens strain S27 (KS) co-symbiotic system to enhance heavy metal remediation. The KS symbiosis increased the biomass of king grass by 48 % and enhanced the accumulation of Cd and Cr in the whole plant by 2.75-fold and 1.82-fold, respectively. Root exudates like γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), glycine betaine (GB), and allantoin (Alla) were tested for enhancing the KS symbiotic, with 0.75 mM GB (GB3X-KS) showing the highest removal efficiencies at 15.1 % for Cd and 14.2 % for Cr. Correlation analysis indicated a link between this enhancement and increased soil nitrogen content. Mechanistic studies revealed GB treatment altered the rhizosphere microbial community, promoting denitrifying bacteria and upregulating nitrogen transformation genes (nrfA) by over 7-fold. GB also enhanced nitrogen assimilation enzymes and antioxidant defenses in king grass, facilitating Cd and Cr transport and sequestration. X-ray fluorescence imaging and two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy showed GB promoted Cd and Cr accumulation in the xylem and phloem of king grass, with phenols and alcohols as key functional groups. The study highlights the potential of the GB-KS symbiotic system for effective soil remediation.},
}
@article {pmid39786593,
year = {2025},
author = {Xu, Y and Liang, J and Qin, L and Niu, T and Liang, Z and Li, Z and Chen, B and Zhou, J and Yu, K},
title = {The Dynamics of Symbiodiniaceae and Photosynthetic Bacteria Under High-Temperature Conditions.},
journal = {Microbial ecology},
volume = {87},
number = {1},
pages = {169},
pmid = {39786593},
issn = {1432-184X},
support = {42090041//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 42090041//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 42090041//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 42090041//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 42090041//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 42090041//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 42090041//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 2018GXNSFAA281328//Guangxi scientific projects/ ; 2018GXNSFAA281328//Guangxi scientific projects/ ; 2018GXNSFAA281328//Guangxi scientific projects/ ; 2018GXNSFAA281328//Guangxi scientific projects/ ; 2018GXNSFAA281328//Guangxi scientific projects/ ; 2018GXNSFAA281328//Guangxi scientific projects/ ; },
mesh = {*Photosynthesis ; *Symbiosis ; *Anthozoa/microbiology/physiology ; China ; *Hot Temperature ; *Dinoflagellida/physiology ; Animals ; *Seasons ; Bacteria/classification/metabolism/genetics ; Cyanobacteria/physiology ; Chlorophyll A/metabolism ; },
abstract = {Coral thermal tolerance is intimately linked to their symbiotic relationships with photosynthetic microorganisms. However, the potential compensatory role of symbiotic photosynthetic bacteria in supporting Symbiodiniaceae photosynthesis under extreme summer temperatures remains largely unexplored. Here, we examined the seasonal variations in Symbiodiniaceae and photosynthetic bacterial community structures in Pavona decussata corals from Weizhou Island, Beibu Gulf, China, with particular emphasis on the role of photosynthetic bacteria under elevated temperature conditions. Our results revealed that Symbiodiniaceae density and Chlorophyll a concentration were lowest during the summer and highest in the winter. Notably, the summer bacterial community was predominately composed of the proteorhodopsin bacterium BD 1-7 _clade, alongside a significant increase in Cyanobacteria, particularly Synechococcus_CC9902 and Cyanobium_PCC-6307, which represented 61.85% and 31.48% of the total Cyanobacterial community, respectively. In vitro experiments demonstrated that Cyanobacteria significantly enhanced Symbiodiniaceae photosynthetic efficiency under high-temperature conditions. These findings suggest that the increased abundance of photosynthetic bacteria during summer may mitigate the adverse physiological effects of reduced Symbiodiniaceae density, thereby contributing to coral stability. Our study highlights a potential synergistic interaction between Symbiodiniaceae and photosynthetic bacteria, emphasizing the importance of understanding these dynamic interactions in sustaining coral resilience against environmental stress, although further research is necessary to establish their role in preventing coral bleaching.},
}
@article {pmid39781500,
year = {2025},
author = {Zhang, H and Han, J and Hayes, RD and LaButti, K and Shabalov, I and Lipzen, A and Barry, K and Grigoriev, IV and Zhang, Q and Cao, Q and Li, H and Martin, FM},
title = {Draft genomes and assemblies of the ectomycorrhizal basidiomycetes Scleroderma citrinum hr and S. yunnanense jo associated with chestnut trees.},
journal = {Journal of genomics},
volume = {13},
number = {},
pages = {6-9},
pmid = {39781500},
issn = {1839-9940},
abstract = {The earthball Scleroderma, an ectomycorrhizal basidiomycete belonging to the Sclerodermataceae family, serves as a significant mutualistic tree symbiont globally. Originally, two genetically sequenced strains of this genus were obtained from fruiting bodies collected under chestnut trees (Castanea mollissima). These strains were utilized to establish in vitro ectomycorrhizal roots of chestnut seedlings. The genome sequences of these strains share characteristics with those of other ectomycorrhizal species in Boletales order, including a restricted set of genes encoding carbohydrate-active enzymes. The genome sequences presented here will aid in further exploring the factors contributing to the establishment of ectomycorrhizal symbiosis in chestnut trees.},
}
@article {pmid39779143,
year = {2025},
author = {Liang, J and Wang, Y and Wang, T and Chu, C and Yi, J and Liu, Z},
title = {Enhancing fermented vegetable flavor with Lactobacillus plantarum and Rhodotorula mucilaginosa.},
journal = {Food research international (Ottawa, Ont.)},
volume = {200},
number = {},
pages = {115500},
doi = {10.1016/j.foodres.2024.115500},
pmid = {39779143},
issn = {1873-7145},
mesh = {*Lactobacillus plantarum/metabolism/genetics ; *Rhodotorula/metabolism/genetics ; *Fermentation ; *Brassica/microbiology ; Taste ; Vegetables/microbiology ; Food Microbiology ; Fermented Foods/microbiology ; Lactic Acid/metabolism ; Flavoring Agents/metabolism ; Quorum Sensing ; },
abstract = {The formation of flavor in fermented vegetables is directly associated with the interactions among the resident microbial strains. This study explored the cooperative dynamics between Lactobacillus plantarum and Rhodotorula mucilaginosa in a simulated cabbage juice system. The obtained results indicated that the co-cultivation of these strains accelerated fermentation kinetics and enhanced lactic acid production. The strains achieved a balanced consumption of substrates within the co-fermentation system through the exchange of metabolites. Additionally, co-fermentation facilitated the synthesis of characteristic flavor compounds while reducing the levels of undesirable flavors. Growth monitoring and transcriptomic analysis revealed that L. plantarum, as the dominant strain, perceived the surrounding environment through quorum sensing signals and upregulated genes related to the synthesizing of key compounds, enhancing product yields and forming biofilms to adapt to the symbiotic environment. Conversely, R. mucilaginosa responded to the stress induced by L. plantarum via upregulating transporters of metabolites, genes related to antioxidant stress, and longevity regulating, ultimately achieving coexistence with L. plantarum. This research provides a comprehensive understanding of the interplay between microbial strains in modulating fermentation processes and flavor profiles in vegetable fermentation.},
}
@article {pmid39778056,
year = {2025},
author = {Silva, JK and Hervé, V and Mies, US and Platt, K and Brune, A},
title = {A Novel Lineage of Endosymbiotic Actinomycetales: Genome Reduction and Acquisition of New Functions in Bifidobacteriaceae Associated With Termite Gut Flagellates.},
journal = {Environmental microbiology},
volume = {27},
number = {1},
pages = {e70010},
pmid = {39778056},
issn = {1462-2920},
support = {//Max-Planck-Gesellschaft/ ; },
mesh = {*Symbiosis ; Animals ; *Isoptera/microbiology ; *Genome, Bacterial ; *RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics ; *Phylogeny ; *Actinomycetales/genetics/metabolism ; Gene Transfer, Horizontal ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; Gastrointestinal Tract/microbiology/parasitology ; Metagenome ; },
abstract = {Cellulolytic flagellates are essential for the symbiotic digestion of lignocellulose in the gut of lower termites. Most species are associated with host-specific consortia of bacterial symbionts from various phyla. 16S rRNA-based diversity studies and taxon-specific fluorescence in situ hybridization revealed a termite-specific clade of Actinomycetales that colonise the cytoplasm of Trichonympha spp. and other gut flagellates, representing the only known case of intracellular Actinomycetota in protists. Comparative analysis of eleven metagenome-assembled genomes from lower termites allowed us to describe them as new genera of Bifidobacteriaceae. Like the previously investigated Candidatus Ancillula trichonymphae, they ferment sugars via the bifidobacterium shunt but, unlike their free-living relatives, experienced significant genome erosion. Additionally, they acquired new functions by horizontal gene transfer from other gut bacteria, including the capacity to produce hydrogen. Members of the genus Ancillula (average genome size 1.56 ± 0.2 Mbp) retained most pathways for the synthesis of amino acids, including a threonine/serine exporter, providing concrete evidence for the basis of the mutualistic relationship with their host. By contrast, Opitulatrix species (1.23 ± 0.1 Mbp) lost most of their biosynthetic capacities, indicating that an originally mutualistic symbiosis is on the decline.},
}
@article {pmid39777245,
year = {2025},
author = {Shahid, Y and Emman, B and Abid, S},
title = {Liver parasites: A global endemic and journey from infestation to intervention.},
journal = {World journal of gastroenterology},
volume = {31},
number = {1},
pages = {101360},
pmid = {39777245},
issn = {2219-2840},
mesh = {Humans ; Animals ; *Liver Diseases, Parasitic/epidemiology/parasitology/diagnosis/therapy ; Liver/parasitology ; Endemic Diseases/statistics &amp; numerical data/prevention &amp; control ; Global Health ; },
abstract = {Parasites have coexisted with humans throughout history, forming either symbiotic relationships or causing significant morbidity and mortality. The liver is particularly vulnerable to parasitic infections, which can reside in, pass through, or be transported to the liver, leading to severe damage. This editorial explores various parasites that infect the liver, their clinical implications, and diagnostic considerations, as discussed in the article "Parasites of the liver: A global problem?". Parasites reach the liver primarily through oral ingestion, mucosal penetration, or the bloodstream, with some larvae even penetrating the skin. Hepatic parasites such as cestodes (Echinococcus), trematodes (Clonorchis, Opisthorchis), nematodes (Ascaris), and protozoa (Entamoeba histolytica) can also cause systemic infections like visceral leishmaniasis, malaria, cryptosporidiosis, and toxoplasmosis. Chronic infections like clonorchiasis and opisthorchiasis are linked to persistent hepatobiliary inflammation, potentially progressing to cholangiocarcinoma, a fatal bile duct cancer, particularly prevalent in Southeast Asia. The global nature of liver parasite infestations is alarming, with hundreds of millions affected worldwide. However, control over treatment quality remains suboptimal. Given the significant public health threat posed by these parasites, international medical organizations must prioritize improved diagnosis, treatment, and preventive measures. Strengthening educational efforts and enhancing healthcare provider training are critical steps toward mitigating the global impact of parasitic liver diseases.},
}
@article {pmid39774486,
year = {2025},
author = {Escobedo, C and Brolo, AG},
title = {Synergizing microfluidics and plasmonics: advances, applications, and future directions.},
journal = {Lab on a chip},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1039/d4lc00572d},
pmid = {39774486},
issn = {1473-0189},
abstract = {In the past decade, interest in nanoplasmonic structures has experienced significant growth, owing to rapid advancements in materials science and the evolution of novel nanofabrication techniques. The activities in the area are not only leading to remarkable progress in specific applications in photonics, but also permeating to and synergizing with other fields. This review delves into the symbiosis between nanoplasmonics and microfluidics, elucidating fundamental principles on nanophotonics centered on surface plasmon-polaritons, and key achievements arising from the intricate interplay between light and fluids at small scales. This review underscores the unparalleled capabilities of subwavelength plasmonic structures to manipulate light beyond the diffraction limit, concurrently serving as fluidic entities or synergistically combining with micro- and nanofluidic structures. Noteworthy phenomena, techniques and applications arising from this synergy are explored, including the manipulation of fluids at nanoscopic dimensions, the trapping of individual nanoscopic entities like molecules or nanoparticles, and the harnessing of light within a fluidic environment. Additionally, it discusses light-driven fabrication methodologies for microfluidic platforms and, contrariwise, the use of microfluidics in the fabrication of plasmonic nanostructures. Pondering future prospects, this review offers insights into potential future developments, particularly focusing on the integration of two-dimensional materials endowed with exceptional optical, structural and electrical properties, such as goldene and borophene, which enable higher carrier densities and higher plasmonic frequencies. Such advancements could catalyze innovations in diverse applications, including energy harvesting, advanced photothermal cancer therapies, and catalytic processes for hydrogen generation and CO2 conversion.},
}
@article {pmid39773047,
year = {2025},
author = {Wang, Z and Wang, P and He, G and Cheng, L and Li, T and Wang, Y and Li, H},
title = {Identification of the Metabolic Characteristic of Organ Fibrosis Using Microbial Analysis on RNA-seq Data.},
journal = {Current gene therapy},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.2174/0115665232257596231011110813},
pmid = {39773047},
issn = {1875-5631},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Fibrosis refers to abnormal deposition of extracellular matrix, which leads to organ dysfunction. Metabolic alterations, especially enhanced glycolysis and suppressed fatty acid oxidation, are recognized as an essential pathogenic process of fibrosis. Recently, several reports indicate that the changes in microbiota composition are associated with metabolic disorders, suggesting microbes may contribute to organ fibrosis by regulating metabolic processes.<br><br>METHOD: In this study, microbial reannotation was carried out on the RNA-seq data of fibrotic organs. Then, the microbial composition differences among healthy and fibrotic organ samples were determined by alpha and beta diversity analysis. Common and specific microbial markers of fibrosis were also identified by LEfSe. After that, the correlation analysis of the characteristic microbe-- gene-functional pathway was conducted to confirm the effects of microbes on host metabolism.<br><br>RESULT: The results showed that the microbial composition significantly differed between healthy and diseased organs. Besides, the common characteristic microbes interacted closely with each other and contributed to fibrosis through symbiosis or inhibition. The largest proportion in fibrosis organs was Proteobacteria, which was the main source of pathogenic microbes.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Further study found that the metabolic alteration driven by common and special characteristic microbes in fibrotic organs focused on the processes related to glycolysis and fatty acid metabolism.},
}
@article {pmid39772785,
year = {2025},
author = {Huang, Y and He, J and Wang, Y and Li, L and Lin, S},
title = {Nitrogen source type modulates heat stress response in coral symbiont (Cladocopium goreaui).},
journal = {Applied and environmental microbiology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e0059124},
doi = {10.1128/aem.00591-24},
pmid = {39772785},
issn = {1098-5336},
abstract = {Ocean warming due to climate change endangers coral reefs, and regional nitrogen overloading exacerbates the vulnerability of reef-building corals as the dual stress disrupts coral-Symbiodiniaceae mutualism. Different forms of nitrogen may create different interactive effects with thermal stress, but the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. To address the gap, we measured and compared the physiological and transcriptional responses of the Symbiodiniaceae Cladocopium goreaui to heat stress (31°C) when supplied with different types of nitrogen (nitrate, ammonium, or urea). Under heat stress (HS), cell proliferation and photosynthesis of C. goreaui declined, while cell size, lipid storage, and total antioxidant capacity increased, both to varied extents depending on the nitrogen type. Nitrate-cultured cells exhibited the most robust acclimation to HS, as evidenced by the fewest differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and less ROS accumulation, possibly due to activated nitrate reduction and enhanced ascorbate biogenesis. Ammonium-grown cultures exhibited higher algal proliferation and ROS scavenging capacity due to enhanced carotenoid and ascorbate quenching, but potentially reduced host recognizability due to the downregulation of N-glycan biosynthesis genes. Urea utilization led to the greatest ROS accumulation as genes involved in photorespiration, plant respiratory burst oxidase (RBOH), and protein refolding were markedly upregulated, but the greatest cutdown in photosynthate potentially available to corals as evidenced by photoinhibition and selfish lipid storage, indicating detrimental effects of urea overloading. The differential warming nitrogen-type interactive effects documented here has significant implication in coral-Symbiodiniaceae mutualism, which requires further research.IMPORTANCERegional nitrogen pollution exacerbates coral vulnerability to globally rising sea-surface temperature, with different nitrogen types exerting different interactive effects. How this occurs is poorly understood and understudied. This study explored the underlying mechanism by comparing physiological and transcriptional responses of a coral symbiont to heat stress under different nitrogen supplies (nitrate, ammonium, and urea). The results showed some common, significant responses to heat stress as well as some unique, N-source dependent responses. These findings underscore that nitrogen eutrophication is not all the same, the form of nitrogen pollution should be considered in coral conservation, and special attention should be given to urea pollution.},
}
@article {pmid39772705,
year = {2025},
author = {Zhou, J and Liu, Z and Wang, S and Li, J and Zhang, L and Liao, Z},
title = {A novel framework unveiling the importance of heterogeneous selection and drift on the community structure of symbiotic microbial indicator taxa across altitudinal gradients in amphibians.},
journal = {Microbiology spectrum},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e0419223},
doi = {10.1128/spectrum.04192-23},
pmid = {39772705},
issn = {2165-0497},
abstract = {UNLABELLED: Existing analytical frameworks for community assembly have a noticeable knowledge gap, lacking a comprehensive assessment of the relative contributions of individual or grouped microbial distinct sampling units (DSUs) and distinct taxonomic units (DTUs) to each mechanism. Here, we propose a comprehensive framework for identifying DTUs/DSUs that remarkably contribute to the various mechanisms sustaining microbial community structure. Amphibian symbiotic microbes along an altitudinal gradient from Sichuan Province, China, were employed to examine the proposed statistical framework. In different altitude groups, we found that heterogeneous selection governed the community structure of symbiotic microbes across DSUs, while stochastic processes tended to increase with altitude. For DTUs at phylum and family levels, drift emerged as the dominant mechanism driving the community structure in the most symbiotic microbial taxa, while heterogeneous selection governs the most dominant or indicator taxa. Notably, the relative contribution of heterogeneous selection was significantly positively correlated with the relative abundance and niche breadth of taxa, and negatively correlated with drift. We also detected that community assembly processes remarkably regulate the structure of symbiotic microbial communities and their correlation with environmental variables. Altogether, our modeling framework is a robust and valuable tool that further enlarges our insight into microbiota community assembly.<br><br>IMPORTANCE: Distinguishing the drivers regulating microbial community assembly is essential in microbial ecology. We propose a novel modeling framework to partition the relative contributions of each individual or group of microbial DSUs and DTUs into different underpinning mechanisms. An empirical study on amphibian symbiotic microbes notably enlarges insight into community assembly patterns in the herpetological symbiotic ecosystem and demonstrates that the proposed statistical framework is an informative and sturdy tool to quantify microbial assembly processes at both levels of DSUs and DTUs. More importantly, our proposed modeling framework can provide in-depth insights into microbiota community assembly within the intricate tripartite host-environment-microbe relationship.},
}
@article {pmid39770907,
year = {2024},
author = {Pedrosa, LF and de Vos, P and Fabi, JP},
title = {From Structure to Function: How Prebiotic Diversity Shapes Gut Integrity and Immune Balance.},
journal = {Nutrients},
volume = {16},
number = {24},
pages = {},
pmid = {39770907},
issn = {2072-6643},
support = {2020/08063-5 2022/12253-0 2013/07914-8 2022/12834-2//Funda&#xe7;&#xe3;o de Amparo &#xe0; Pesquisa do Estado de S&#xe3;o Paulo/ ; 307842/2022-3//National Council for Scientific and Technological Development/ ; },
mesh = {*Prebiotics ; Humans ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; *Dysbiosis ; Inflammation ; Intestinal Mucosa/immunology/metabolism ; Animals ; Homeostasis ; },
abstract = {The microbiota stability, diversity, and composition are pillars for an efficient and beneficial symbiotic relationship between its host and itself. Microbial dysbiosis, a condition where a homeostatic bacterial community is disturbed by acute or chronic events, is a predisposition for many diseases, including local and systemic inflammation that leads to metabolic syndrome, diabetes, and some types of cancers. Classical dysbiosis occurs in the large intestine. During this period, pathogenic strains can multiply, taking advantage of the compromised environment. This overgrowth triggers an exaggerated inflammatory response from the human immune system due to the weakened integrity of the intestinal barrier. Such inflammation can also directly influence higher polyp formation and/or tumorigenesis. Prebiotics can be instrumental in preventing or correcting dysbiosis. Prebiotics are molecules capable of serving as substrates for fermentation processes by gut microorganisms. This can promote returning the intestinal environment to homeostasis. Effective prebiotics are generally specific oligo- and polysaccharides, such as FOS or inulin. However, the direct effects of prebiotics on intestinal epithelial and immune cells must also be taken into consideration. This interaction happens with diverse prebiotic nondigestible carbohydrates, and they can inhibit or decrease the inflammatory response. The present work aims to elucidate and describe the different types of prebiotics, their influence, and their functionalities for health, primarily focusing on their ability to reduce and control inflammation in the intestinal epithelial barrier, gut, and systemic environments.},
}
@article {pmid39770790,
year = {2024},
author = {Lugo, MA and Negritto, MA and Crespo, EM and Iriarte, HJ and Núñez, S and Espinosa, LF and Pagano, MC},
title = {Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi as a Salt Bioaccumulation Mechanism for the Establishment of a Neotropical Halophytic Fern in Saline Soils.},
journal = {Microorganisms},
volume = {12},
number = {12},
pages = {},
pmid = {39770790},
issn = {2076-2607},
abstract = {Acrostichum aureum is a halophytic pantropical invasive fern growing in mangroves and swamps. Its association with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) has been reported in Asia. AMF and their symbiosis (AM) commonly colonise the absorption organs of terrestrial plants worldwide. Furthermore, AMF/AM are well known for their capacity to bioaccumulate toxic elements and to alleviate biotic and abiotic stress (e.g., salinity stress) in their hosts. However, the mechanisms underlying AMF involvement in the halophytism of A. aureum and the structures where NaCl accumulates remain unknown. This study shows that A. aureum forms AM in margins of natural thermal ponds in Neotropical wetlands. All mature sporophytes were colonised by AMF, with high percentages for root length (ca. 57%), arbuscules (23), and hyphae (25) and low values for vesicles (2%). In A. aureum-AMF symbiosis, NaCl accumulated in AMF vesicles, and CaSO4 precipitated in colonised roots. Therefore, AM can contribute to the halophytic nature of this fern, allowing it to thrive in saline and thermal environments by capturing NaCl from fern tissues, compartmentalising it inside its vesicles, and precipitating CaSO4.},
}
@article {pmid39770740,
year = {2024},
author = {Kodama, Y and Fujishima, M},
title = {Effects of the Symbiotic Chlorella variabilis on the Host Ciliate Paramecium bursaria Phenotypes.},
journal = {Microorganisms},
volume = {12},
number = {12},
pages = {},
pmid = {39770740},
issn = {2076-2607},
support = {20K06768//Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C) from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS)/ ; 23H02529//Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C) from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS)/ ; SDGs Research Project//Shimane University/ ; },
abstract = {Paramecium bursaria, a ciliated protist, forms a symbiotic relationship with the green alga Chlorella variabilis. This endosymbiotic association is a model system for studying the establishment of secondary symbiosis and interactions between the symbiont and its host organisms. Symbiotic algae reside in specialized compartments called perialgal vacuoles (PVs) within the host cytoplasm, which protect them from digestion by host lysosomal fusion. The relationship between P. bursaria and symbiotic Chlorella spp. is characterized by mutualism, in which both organisms benefit from this association. Furthermore, symbiotic algae also influence their host phenotypes, and algae-free P. bursaria can be obtained through various methods and reassociated with symbiotic algae, making it a valuable tool for studying secondary endosymbiosis. Recent advancements in genomic and transcriptomic studies on both hosts and symbionts have further enhanced the utility of this model system. This review summarizes the infection process of the symbiotic alga C. variabilis and its effects on the algal infection on number of host trichocysts, mitochondria, cytoplasmic crystals, total protein amount, stress responses, photoaccumulation, and circadian rhythms of the host P. bursaria.},
}
@article {pmid39770729,
year = {2024},
author = {García, G and Soto, J and Netherland, M and Hasan, NA and Buchaca, E and Martínez, D and Carlin, M and de Jesus Cano, R},
title = {Evaluating the Effects of Sugar Shift[®] Symbiotic on Microbiome Composition and LPS Regulation: A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study.},
journal = {Microorganisms},
volume = {12},
number = {12},
pages = {},
pmid = {39770729},
issn = {2076-2607},
support = {No Grant Number//The BioCollective Foundation/ ; },
abstract = {(1) Background: This study evaluated the effects of BiotiQuest[®] Sugar Shift[®], a novel probiotic formulation, for its impact on gut microbiome composition and metabolic health in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). T2D is characterized by chronic inflammation and gut microbiome imbalances, yet the therapeutic potential of targeted probiotics remains underexplored. (2) Methods: In a 12-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 64 adults with T2D received either Sugar Shift or placebo capsules twice daily. Each dose provided 18 billion CFU of eight GRAS-certified bacterial strains and prebiotics. Clinical samples were analyzed for metabolic markers, and microbiome changes were assessed using 16S rRNA sequencing and metagenomics. (3) Results: Sugar Shift significantly reduced serum lipopolysaccharide (LPS) levels, improved insulin sensitivity (lower HOMA-IR scores), and increased short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing genera, including Bifidobacterium, Faecalibacterium, Fusicatenibacter, and Roseburia. Pro-inflammatory taxa like Enterobacteriaceae decreased, with reduced LPS biosynthesis genes and increased SCFA production genes. The Lachnospiraceae:Enterobactericeae ratio emerged as a biomarker of reduced inflammation. (4) Conclusions: These findings demonstrate the potential of Sugar Shift to restore gut homeostasis, reduce inflammation, and improve metabolic health in T2D. Further studies are warranted to explore its long-term efficacy and broader application in metabolic disease management.},
}
@article {pmid39770695,
year = {2024},
author = {You, M and Yang, W},
title = {Environmental Changes Driving Shifts in the Structure and Functional Properties of the Symbiotic Microbiota of Daphnia.},
journal = {Microorganisms},
volume = {12},
number = {12},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/microorganisms12122492},
pmid = {39770695},
issn = {2076-2607},
abstract = {Symbiotic microbiota significantly influence the development, physiology, and behavior of their hosts, and therefore, they are widely studied. However, very few studies have investigated the changes in symbiotic microbiota across generations. Daphnia magna originating from the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau were cultured through seven generations in our laboratory, and the symbiotic microbiota of D. magna were sequenced using a 16S rRNA amplicon to analyze changes in the structure and functional properties of the symbiotic microbiota of D. magna from a harsh environment to an ideal environment. We detected substantial changes in the symbiotic microbiota of D. magna across generations. For example, the genus Nevskia, a member of the gamma-subclass Proteobacteria, had the highest abundance in the first generation (G1), followed by a decrease in abundance in the fourth (G4) and seventh (G7) generations. The gene functions of the microbiota in different generations of D. magna also changed significantly. The fourth generation was mainly rich in fatty acyl-CoA synthase, acetyl-CoA acyltransferase, phosphoglycerol phosphatase, etc. The seventh generation was mainly rich in osmotic enzyme protein and ATP-binding protein of the ABC transport system. This study confirms that the alterations in the structure and functional properties of the symbiotic microbiota of D. magna under changing environments are typical responses of D. magna to environmental changes.},
}
@article {pmid39770691,
year = {2024},
author = {Quinteros-Urquieta, C and Francois, JP and Aguilar-Muñoz, P and Molina, V},
title = {Soil Microbial Communities Changes Along Depth and Contrasting Facing Slopes at the Parque Nacional La Campana, Chile.},
journal = {Microorganisms},
volume = {12},
number = {12},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/microorganisms12122487},
pmid = {39770691},
issn = {2076-2607},
support = {11170566//FONDECYT/ ; 1211977//FONDECYT/ ; 21221130//Beca Doctorado Nacional ANID 2022/ ; },
abstract = {The Parque Nacional La Campana (PNLC) was recently recognized for its high soil surface microbial richness. Here, we explored the microbial community structure in soil profiles from contrasting facing slopes where sclerophyllous forest (SF) and xerophytic shrubland (XS) develop. Soil physicochemical conditions (dry density, pH, and organic matter C and N isotopic soil signatures) were determined at three depths (5, 10, and 15 cm depths). Amplicon sequencing (16S rRNA and ITS1-5F) and specific quantification (qPCR bacteria, archaea and ammonia-oxidizing archaea, fungi) were used to profile the microbial community. Our results indicate that opposite slopes, with different vegetation types and soil conditions studied potentially explained the spatial variability of the microbial community composition, especially between sites than through soil depth. Discriminative taxa were observed to vary between sites, such as, C. nitrososphaera (ammonia-oxidizing archaea) and Sphingomonas, and bacteria associated with Actinobacteria and Bacteroidetes were predominant in SF and XS, respectively. Fungi affiliated with Humicola and Preussia were more abundant in SF, while Cladosporium and Alternaria were in XS. Higher ASV richness was observed in SF compared to XS, for both prokaryotes and fungi. Furthermore, SF showed a higher number of shared ASVs, while XS showed a decrease in unique ASVs in deeper soil layers. In XS, the genus DA101 (Verrucomicrobia) increases with soil depth, reaching higher levels in SF, while Kaistobacter shows the opposite trend. PNLC soils were a reservoir of redundant microbial functions related to biogeochemical cycles, including symbiotic and phytopathogenic fungi. In conclusion, as with the predominant vegetation, the structure and potential function of microbial life in soil profiles were associated with the contrasting the effect of facing slopes as toposequence effects.},
}
@article {pmid39770651,
year = {2024},
author = {Nie, W and He, Q and Guo, H and Zhang, W and Ma, L and Li, J and Wen, D},
title = {Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi: Boosting Crop Resilience to Environmental Stresses.},
journal = {Microorganisms},
volume = {12},
number = {12},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/microorganisms12122448},
pmid = {39770651},
issn = {2076-2607},
support = {2019BHLC005//the Shandong Province "Bohai Grain Silo" Science and Technology Demon-stration Project/ ; },
abstract = {Amid escalating challenges from global climate change and increasing environmental degradation, agricultural systems worldwide face a multitude of abiotic stresses, including drought, salinity, elevated temperatures, heavy metal pollution, and flooding. These factors critically impair crop productivity and yield. Simultaneously, biotic pressures such as pathogen invasions intensify the vulnerability of agricultural outputs. At the heart of mitigating these challenges, Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AM fungi) form a crucial symbiotic relationship with most terrestrial plants, significantly enhancing their stress resilience. AM fungi improve nutrient uptake, particularly that of nitrogen and phosphorus, through their extensive mycelial networks. Additionally, they enhance soil structure, increase water use efficiency, and strengthen antioxidant defense mechanisms, particularly in environments stressed by drought, salinity, extreme temperatures, heavy metal contamination, and flooding. Beyond mitigating abiotic stress, AM fungi bolster plant defenses against pathogens and pests by competing for colonization sites and enhancing plant immune responses. They also facilitate plant adaptation to extreme environmental conditions by altering root morphology, modulating gene expression, and promoting the accumulation of osmotic adjustment compounds. This review discusses the role of AM fungi in enhancing plant growth and performance under environmental stress.},
}
@article {pmid39770631,
year = {2024},
author = {Coban, HS and Olgun, D and Temur, &#x130; and Durak, MZ},
title = {Determination of Technological Properties and CRISPR Profiles of Streptococcus thermophilus Isolates Obtained from Local Yogurt Samples.},
journal = {Microorganisms},
volume = {12},
number = {12},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/microorganisms12122428},
pmid = {39770631},
issn = {2076-2607},
support = {Project No: FDK-2022-4649//This research was financially supported by Research Fund of the Y&#x131;ld&#x131;z Teknik University/ ; },
abstract = {The aim of this study was to obtain data on Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) profiles of Streptococcus thermophilus (S. thermophilus) isolates resulting from acquired immune memory in addition to their technological starter properties for the selection of potential starter cultures from local yogurt samples. A total of 24 S. thermophilus isolates were collected from six local yogurt samples including Afyon/Dinar, Uşak, Konya/Karapınar, and Tokat provinces of Türkiye. Strain-specific CRISPR I-II-III and IV primers were used to determine the CRISPR profiles of the isolates. The isolates commonly had CRISPR II and IV profiles, while only one isolate had a CRISPR III profile. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based and culture-based analyses were also carried out to obtain data on the technological properties of the isolates. The PCR analyses were performed for the prtS gene for protease activity, the ureC gene for urease enzyme, the gdh gene for glutamate dehydrogenase, the cox gene for competence frequency, the csp gene involved in heat-shock stress resistance of the isolates with specific primers. Culture-based analyses including antimicrobial activity and acid-production ability of the isolates were completed, and proteolytic and lipolytic properties were also screened. Native spacer sequences resulting from acquired immune memory were obtained for CRISPR IV profiles of yogurt samples from the Konya-Karapınar and Tokat provinces and CRISPR III profiles of yogurt samples from the Uşak province. In conclusion, our study results suggest that it is possible to select the isolates with the desired level of technological characteristics, prioritizing the ones with the most diverse CRISPR profiles and with native spacers for potential industrial application as starter cultures. We believe that this study provides data for further biological studies on the impact of centuries of human domestication on evolutionary adaptations and how these microorganisms manage survival and symbiosis.},
}
@article {pmid39769075,
year = {2024},
author = {Meng, Y and Wang, N and Wang, X and Qiu, Z and Kuang, H and Guan, Y},
title = {GmbZIP4a/b Positively Regulate Nodule Number by Affecting Cytokinin Biosynthesis in Glycine max.},
journal = {International journal of molecular sciences},
volume = {25},
number = {24},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/ijms252413311},
pmid = {39769075},
issn = {1422-0067},
support = {2024A03J0010//Guangzhou Science Grant/ ; 32300213//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; },
mesh = {*Cytokinins/metabolism ; *Root Nodules, Plant/metabolism/genetics/microbiology ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; *Plant Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; *Glycine max/genetics/metabolism/microbiology ; Nitrogen Fixation/genetics ; Symbiosis/genetics ; Mutation ; Plant Root Nodulation/genetics ; Rhizobium/genetics/metabolism ; },
abstract = {Legumes have the capability to form nodules that facilitate symbiotic nitrogen fixation (SNF) with rhizobia. Given the substantial energy consumption during the process of SNF, legumes need to optimize nodule number in response to everchanging environmental scenarios. The TGACG BINDING FACTOR1/4 (TGA1/4) are key players in the basal immune response of plants. In this study, both β-glucuronidase staining and quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) demonstrated that both GmbZIP4a and GmbZIP4b are inducible upon rhizobial inoculation. To investigate their roles further, we constructed gmbzip4a/b double mutants using CRISPR/Cas9 system. Nodulation assessments revealed that these double mutants displayed a reduction in the number of infection threads, which subsequently resulted in a decreased nodule number. However, the processes associated with nodule development including nodule fresh weight, structural characteristics, and nitrogenase activity, remained unaffected in the double mutants. Subsequent transcriptome analyses revealed that zeatin biosynthesis was downregulated in gmbzip4a/b mutants post rhizobial inoculation. Supporting these findings, genes associated with cytokinin (CTK) signaling pathway were upregulated in Williams 82 (Wm82), but this upregulation was not observed in the double mutants after rhizobial treatment. These results suggest that GmbZIP4a/b positively influences nodule formation by promoting the activation of the CTK signaling pathway during the early stages of nodule formation.},
}
@article {pmid39765881,
year = {2024},
author = {González, MC and Roitsch, T and Pandey, C},
title = {Antioxidant Responses and Redox Regulation Within Plant-Beneficial Microbe Interaction.},
journal = {Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {13},
number = {12},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/antiox13121553},
pmid = {39765881},
issn = {2076-3921},
abstract = {The increase in extreme climate events associated with global warming is a great menace to crop productivity nowadays. In addition to abiotic stresses, warmer conditions favor the spread of infectious diseases affecting plant performance. Within this context, beneficial microbes constitute a sustainable alternative for the mitigation of the effects of climate change on plant growth and productivity. Used as biostimulants to improve plant growth, they also increase plant resistance to abiotic and biotic stresses through the generation of a primed status in the plant, leading to a better and faster response to stress. In this review, we have focused on the importance of a balanced redox status for the adequate performance of the plant and revisited the different antioxidant mechanisms supporting the biocontrol effect of beneficial microbes through the adjustment of the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In addition, the different tools for the analysis of antioxidant responses and redox regulation have been evaluated. The importance of redox regulation in the activation of the immune responses through different mechanisms, such as transcriptional regulation, retrograde signaling, and post-translational modification of proteins, emerges as an important research goal for understanding the biocontrol activity of the beneficial microbes.},
}
@article {pmid39765711,
year = {2024},
author = {El Amrani, B},
title = {Insights into the Biotic Factors Shaping Ectomycorrhizal Associations.},
journal = {Biology},
volume = {13},
number = {12},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/biology13121044},
pmid = {39765711},
issn = {2079-7737},
abstract = {Ectomycorrhizal (EM) associations are essential symbiotic relationships that contribute significantly to the health and functioning of forest ecosystems. This review examines the biotic factors that influence EM associations, focusing on plant and fungal diversity, host specificity, and microbial interactions. Firstly, the diversity of host plants and ectomycorrhizal fungi (EMF) is discussed, highlighting how the richness of these organisms affects the formation and success of EM symbioses. Next, host specificity is explored, with a focus on the complex relationships between EMF and their host plants. Microbial interactions are examined in depth, with sections on both positive and negative influences of bacteria and different fungal groups on EM formation. Overall, this review provides a comprehensive overview of the biotic factors that shape EM associations, offering insights into the mechanisms that underpin these critical ecological interactions and their broader implications for ecosystem management and restoration.},
}
@article {pmid39764960,
year = {2025},
author = {Yan, Z and Cao, X and Su, H and Li, C and Lin, J and Tang, K and Zhang, J and Fan, H and Chen, Q and Tang, J and Zhou, Z},
title = {Coral-Symbiodiniaceae symbiotic associations under antibiotic stress: Accumulation patterns and potential physiological effects in a natural reef.},
journal = {Journal of hazardous materials},
volume = {486},
number = {},
pages = {137039},
doi = {10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.137039},
pmid = {39764960},
issn = {1873-3336},
abstract = {Antibiotics threaten scleractinian corals, but their accumulation patterns and physiological effects on corals in natural reefs remain unclear. This study investigated antibiotic occurrence in seawater and two coral species, Galaxea fascicularis and Pocillopora damicornis, and explored the physiological effects of bioaccumulated antibiotics in a fringing reef of the South China Sea. Nineteen antibiotic components were detected in seawater, with total antibiotic concentrations (ΣABs) ranging from 17.69 to 44.22 ng L[-1] . Eleven antibiotic components were accumulated in the coral hosts, and five components were observed in their algal symbionts. Higher ΣABs were significantly associated with increased total antioxidant capacity in the coral hosts of P. damicornis, while G. fascicularis exhibited a significant increase in algal symbiont density. Furthermore, ofloxacin was linked to increased algal symbiont density of G. fascicularis, while several antibiotic components, including tilmicosin, sulfapyridine, ofloxacin, and lincomycin hydrochloride, were observed to reduce antioxidant levels in the algal symbionts of G. fascicularis. No significant correlations between antibiotic components and physiological activities were detected in P. damicornis. These results highlight species-specific bioaccumulation patterns and physiological responses to antibiotics, suggesting that prolonged contaminations could destabilize coral-Symbiodiniaceae symbiosis. The findings improve understanding of the ecological risks of antibiotic pollution in reefs.},
}
@article {pmid39764484,
year = {2025},
author = {Rejili, M and Bouznif, B and Adam, NI},
title = {The alien Acacia salicina invasive does not infiltrate the native soil rhizobial symbiosis networks.},
journal = {Communicative &amp; integrative biology},
volume = {18},
number = {1},
pages = {2443644},
pmid = {39764484},
issn = {1942-0889},
abstract = {Using Lotus creticus-rhizobia-A. salicina interaction networks, we address first the soil invasion success of A. salicina, and second, we report either A. salicina-rhizobia partnership should form an isolated module within the symbiosis interaction network. Different indexes were used to determine A. salicina model invasion success and the network topology. Our results indicated that A. salicina invasion decreased soil microbial biomass, basal respiration, and enzymatic activities. Housekeeping gene-based phylogeny showed that the invasive A. salicina is exclusively associated with a novel putative nodulating Paraburkholderia sp. not considered, up to now, as a natural symbiont of this species, and the native legume L. creticus nodulating strains, belonged to three new putative undescribed distinct chromosomal lineages within the Rhizobium, Allomesorhizobium, and Mesorhizobium genera. Analysis using nodC gene identified one symbiovar for A. salicina Paraburkholderia symbiont (sv. tropicalis) and three symbiovars for L. creticus endosynbionts (sv. viciae, sv hedysari and sv. loti). Moreover, L. creticus-rhizobia-A. salicina interaction networks are significantly modular with high levels of specialization. Network topology remained consistent over the invasion gradient, whereas native legume-associated rhizobia underwent significant change as acacias took over more the landscape. The absence of mutual overlapping networks emphasizes the importance of the simultaneous invasion of rhizobia-acacia species complexes in successful acacia invasion, suggesting unique interactions that often arise and evolve.},
}
@article {pmid39764008,
year = {2024},
author = {Zarate, D and Isenberg, RY and Pavelsky, M and Speare, L and Jackson, A and Mandel, MJ and Septer, AN},
title = {The conserved global regulator H-NS has a strain-specific impact on biofilm formation in Vibrio fischeri symbionts.},
journal = {bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1101/2024.12.19.629378},
pmid = {39764008},
issn = {2692-8205},
abstract = {UNLABELLED: Strain-level variation among host-associated bacteria often determines host range and the extent to which colonization is beneficial, benign, or pathogenic. Vibrio fischeri is a beneficial symbiont of the light organs of fish and squid with known strain-specific differences that impact host specificity, colonization efficiency, and interbacterial competition. Here, we describe how the conserved global regulator, H-NS, has a strain-specific impact on a critical colonization behavior: biofilm formation. We isolated a mutant of the fish symbiont V. fischeri MJ11 with a transposon insertion in the hns gene. This mutant formed sticky, moderately wrinkled colonies on LBS plates, a condition not known to induce biofilm in this species. A reconstructed hns mutant displayed the same wrinkled colony, which became smooth when hns was complemented in trans , indicating the hns disruption is causal for biofilm formation in MJ11. Transcriptomes revealed differential expression for the syp biofilm locus in the hns mutant, relative to the parent, suggesting biofilm may in part involve SYP polysaccharide. However, enhanced biofilm in the MJ11 hns mutant was not sufficient to allow colonization of a non-native squid host. Finally, moving the hns mutation into other V. fischeri strains, including the squid symbionts ES114 and ES401, and seawater isolate PP3, revealed strain-specific biofilm phenotypes: ES114 and ES401 hns mutants displayed minimal biofilm phenotypes while PP3 hns mutant colonies were more wrinkled than the MJ11 hns mutant. These findings together define H-NS as a novel regulator of V. fischeri symbiotic biofilm and demonstrate key strain specificity in that role.<br><br>IMPORTANCE: This work, which shows how H-NS has strain-specific impacts on biofilm in Vibrio fischeri , underscores the importance of studying multiple strains, even when examining highly conserved genes and functions. Our observation that knocking out a conserved regulator can result in a wide range of biofilm phenotypes, depending on the isolate, serves as a powerful reminder that strain-level variation is common and worthy of exploration. Indeed, uncovering the mechanisms of strain-specific phenotypic differences is essential to understand drivers of niche differentiation and bacterial evolution. Thus, it is important to carefully match the number and type of strains used in a study with the research question to accurately interpret and extrapolate the results beyond a single genotype. The additional work required for multi-strain studies is often worth the investment of time and resources, as it provides a broader view of the complexity of within-species diversity in microbial systems.},
}
@article {pmid39763704,
year = {2025},
author = {Kruse, E and Brown, KT and Barott, KL},
title = {Coral histology reveals consistent declines in tissue integrity during a marine heatwave despite differences in bleaching severity.},
journal = {PeerJ},
volume = {13},
number = {},
pages = {e18654},
pmid = {39763704},
issn = {2167-8359},
mesh = {Animals ; *Anthozoa/physiology ; Hawaii ; *Coral Reefs ; Extreme Heat/adverse effects ; },
abstract = {Marine heatwaves are starting to occur several times a decade, yet we do not understand the effect this has on corals across biological scales. This study combines tissue-, organism-, and community-level analyses to investigate the effects of a marine heatwave on reef-building corals. Adjacent conspecific pairs of coral colonies of Montipora capitata and Porites compressa that showed contrasting phenotypic responses (i.e., bleached vs. not bleached) were first identified during a marine heatwave that occurred in 2015 in Kāne'ohe Bay, Hawai' i. These conspecific pairs of bleaching-resistant and bleaching-susceptible colonies were sampled for histology and photographed before, during, and after a subsequent marine heatwave that occurred in 2019. Histology samples were quantified for: (i) abundance of mesenterial filaments, (ii) tissue structural integrity, (iii) clarity of epidermis, and (iv) cellular integrity (lack of necrosis/granulation) on a 1-5 scale and averaged for an overall tissue integrity score. Tissue integrity scores revealed a significant decline in overall tissue health during the 2019 heatwave relative to the months prior to the heatwave for individuals of both species, regardless of past bleaching history in 2015 or bleaching severity during the 2019 heatwave. Coral tissue integrity scores were then compared to concurrent colony bleaching severity, which revealed that tissue integrity was significantly correlated with colony bleaching severity and suggests that the stability of the symbiosis is related to host tissue health. Colony partial mortality was also quantified as the cumulative proportion of each colony that appeared dead 2.5 years following the 2019 bleaching event, and tissue integrity during the heatwave was found to be strongly predictive of the extent of partial mortality following the heatwave for M. capitata but not P. compressa, the latter of which suffered little to no mortality. Surprisingly, bleaching severity and partial mortality were not significantly correlated for either species, suggesting that tissue integrity was a better predictor of mortality than bleaching severity in M. capitata. Despite negative effects of heat stress at the tissue- and colony-level, no significant changes in coral cover were detected, indicating resilience at the community level. However, declines in tissue integrity in response to heat stress that are not accompanied by a visible bleaching response may still have long-term consequences for fitness, and this is an important area of future investigation as heat stress is commonly associated with long-term decreases in coral fecundity and growth. Our results suggest that histology is a valuable tool for revealing the harmful effects of marine heatwaves on corals before they are visually evident as bleaching, and may thus improve the predictability of ecosystem changes following climate change-driven heat stress by providing a more comprehensive assessment of coral health.},
}
@article {pmid39762949,
year = {2025},
author = {Ferreira, C and Burgsdorf, I and Perez, T and Ramírez, G and Lalzar, M and Huchon, D and Steindler, L},
title = {Comparative genomics analyses of Actinobacteriota identify Golgi phosphoprotein 3 (GPP34) as a widespread ancient protein family associated with sponge symbiosis.},
journal = {Microbiome},
volume = {13},
number = {1},
pages = {4},
pmid = {39762949},
issn = {2049-2618},
support = {GBMF9352//Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation/ ; 933/23//Israel Science Foundation/ ; },
mesh = {*Symbiosis ; *Porifera/microbiology ; *Phylogeny ; Animals ; *Genomics ; Bacterial Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Phosphoproteins/genetics ; Multigene Family ; Genome, Bacterial ; Actinobacteria/genetics/classification ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Sponges harbor microbial communities that play crucial roles in host health and ecology. However, the genetic adaptations that enable these symbiotic microorganisms to thrive within the sponge environment are still being elucidated. To understand these genetic adaptations, we conducted a comparative genomics analysis on 350 genomes of Actinobacteriota, a phylum commonly associated with sponges.<br><br>RESULTS: Our analysis uncovered several differences between symbiotic and free-living bacteria, including an increased abundance of genes encoding prokaryotic defense systems (PDSs) and eukaryotic-like proteins (ELPs) in symbionts. Furthermore, we identified GPP34 as a novel symbiosis-related gene family, found in two symbiotic Actinobacteriota clades, but not in their closely related free-living relatives. Analyses of a broader set of microbes showed that members of the GPP34 family are also found in sponge symbionts across 16 additional bacterial phyla. While GPP34 proteins were thought to be restricted to eukaryotes, our phylogenetic analysis shows that the GPP34 domain is found in all three domains of life, suggesting its ancient origin. We also show that the GPP34 family includes genes with two main structures: a short form that includes only the GPP34 domain and a long form that encompasses a GPP34 domain coupled with a cytochrome P450 domain, which is exclusive to sponge symbiotic bacteria.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Given previous studies showing that GPP34 is a phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate (PI4P)-binding protein in eukaryotes and that other PI4P-binding proteins from bacterial pathogens can interfere with phagolysosome maturation, we propose that symbionts employ GPP34 to modulate phagocytosis to colonize and persist within sponge hosts. Video Abstract.},
}
@article {pmid39762613,
year = {2025},
author = {Li, Y and Chen, H and Kong, X and Yin, Y and Li, J and Wu, K and Zeng, S and Fang, L},
title = {Excessive accumulation of auxin inhibits protocorm development during germination of Paphiopedilum spicerianum.},
journal = {Plant cell reports},
volume = {44},
number = {1},
pages = {23},
pmid = {39762613},
issn = {1432-203X},
support = {2024A1515012952//Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation/ ; },
mesh = {*Indoleacetic Acids/metabolism ; *Germination/drug effects ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Plant/drug effects ; Meristem/genetics/drug effects ; Plant Growth Regulators/metabolism/pharmacology ; Plant Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Seedlings/growth &amp; development/genetics/drug effects ; },
abstract = {Excessive auxin accumulation inhibits protocorm development during germination of Paphiopedilum spicerianum, delaying shoot meristem formation by downregulating boundary genes (CUC1, CUC2, CLV3) and promoting fungal colonization, essential for seedling establishment. Paphiopedilum, possess high horticultural and conservational value. Asymbiotic germination is a common propagation method, but high rates of protocorm developmental arrest hinder seedling establishment. Our study found that the key difference between normally developing protocorm (NDP) and arrested developmental protocorm (ADP) is their capability for continuous cell differentiation. In ADP, cells divide without differentiating, with indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) levels being 20 times higher than that in NDP. This suggests that auxin level plays a role in protocorm cell fate determination. Exogenous application of NAA demonstrated that elevated auxin level can delay the formation of the shoot apical meristem (SAM) inside the protocorm. Gene expression analysis revealed that elevated auxin can inhibit or even halt the SAM formation through down-regulation of SAM-related genes such as CLV3, CUC1 and CUC2. High auxin levels also led to reduced cell wall rigidity by up-regulation of cell wall expanding protein (EXPB15), thereby creating ideal conditions for fungi entry. Inoculation with a compatible orchid mycorrhizal fungus (OMF) resulted in successful cell differentiation of ADP and eventually triggered the conversion of ADP to NDP. Since the protocorm is a distinct structure that facilitates the establishment of symbiotic associations with compatible OMF, we propose that the excessive auxin accumulation inside Paphiopedilum protocorm can pause the further development of protocorm and soften the cell wall. This strategy likely serves to enhance the attraction and colonization by OMFs in the native habitat of Paphiopedilum, facilitating essential symbiotic relationships necessary for their survival and growth.},
}
@article {pmid39762597,
year = {2025},
author = {Amirian, V and Russel, M and Yusof, ZNB and Chen, JE and Movafeghi, A and Kosari-Nasab, M and Zhang, D and Szpyrka, E},
title = {Algae- and bacteria-based biodegradation of phthalic acid esters towards the sustainable green solution.},
journal = {World journal of microbiology &amp; biotechnology},
volume = {41},
number = {2},
pages = {24},
pmid = {39762597},
issn = {1573-0972},
mesh = {*Bacteria/genetics/metabolism ; *Biodegradation, Environmental ; *Coculture Techniques ; Dibutyl Phthalate/metabolism ; Esters/metabolism/chemistry ; *Phthalic Acids/metabolism ; Plasticizers/metabolism ; Wastewater/microbiology/chemistry ; Water Pollutants, Chemical/metabolism ; },
abstract = {Phthalic acid esters are widely used worldwide as plasticizers. The high consumption of phthalates in China makes it the world's largest plasticizer market. The lack of phthalic acid ester's chemical bonding with the polymer matrix facilitates their detachment from plastic products and subsequent release into the environment and causes serious threats to the health of living organisms. Thus, environmentally friendly and sustainable solutions for their removal are urgently needed. In this context, both natural and engineered bacterial and algal communities have played a crucial role in the degradation of various phthalic acid esters present in water and soil. When algae-bacteria co-culture is compared to a singular algae or bacteria system, this symbiotic system shows superior performance in the removal of dibutyl phthalates and diethyl phthalates from synthetic wastewater. This review provides an optimistic outlook for co-culture systems by in-depth examining single microorganisms, namely bacteria and algae, as well as algae-bacterial consortiums for phthalates degradation, which will draw attention to species co-existence for the removal of various pollutants from the environment. In addition, further development and research, particularly on the mechanisms, genes involved in the degradation of phthalic acid esters, and interactions between bacterial and algal species, will lead to the discovery of more adaptable species as well as the production of targeted species to address the environmental pollution crisis and provide a green, efficient, and sustainable approach to environmental protection. Discrepancies in knowledge and potential avenues for exploration will enhance the existing body of literature, enabling researchers to investigate this field more comprehensively.},
}
@article {pmid39762364,
year = {2025},
author = {Liu-Xu, L and Vicedo, B and Papadopoulou, KK and Camañes, G and Llorens, E},
title = {Isolation and characterization of a new Leptobacillium species promoting tomato plant growth.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {930},
pmid = {39762364},
issn = {2045-2322},
support = {FPU18/02891//Spanish Ministry of Universities/ ; GV/2019/028//Generalitat Valenciana/ ; UJI-B2022-30//Universitat Jaume I/ ; },
mesh = {*Solanum lycopersicum/microbiology/growth &amp; development ; Symbiosis ; Endophytes/genetics ; Plant Roots/microbiology/growth &amp; development ; Chlorophyll/metabolism ; Genotype ; Lycopene/metabolism ; Phylogeny ; Fruit/microbiology/growth &amp; development ; },
abstract = {Endophytes can be a promising alternative for sustainable agronomic practices. In this study, we report for the first time a root-colonizing fungal strain (Sl27) of the genus Leptobacillium as a tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) endophyte, with no clear homology to any known species. Performed analyses and assays, including morphological and physiological characterization of the fungal isolate, provided insights into the ecological niche and potential agronomical and industrial applications of the fungal isolate. The ability of Sl27 to establish a symbiotic relationship with the host plant was assessed through experiments under controlled conditions in the growth chamber and greenhouse. Seed-inoculation showed no detrimental effects in the three tomato genotypes studied (TH-30, ADX2, MO-10). The influence of Sl27 on growth parameters of the host plant was dependent on the tomato genotype, with TH-30 showing the most prominent improved phenotype. Moreover, chlorophyll and lycopene content in fruits were enhanced. These findings provide a basis for further studies on the potential application of this new isolate for improving crop performance.},
}
@article {pmid39760657,
year = {2025},
author = {Singhal, A and Zhao, X and Wall, P and So, E and Calderini, G and Partin, A and Koussa, N and Vasanthakumari, P and Narykov, O and Zhu, Y and Jones, SE and Abbas-Aghababazadeh, F and Kadambat Nair, S and Bélisle-Pipon, JC and Jayaram, A and Parker, BA and Yeung, KT and Griffiths, JI and Weil, R and Nath, A and Haibe-Kains, B and Ideker, T},
title = {The Hallmarks of Predictive Oncology.},
journal = {Cancer discovery},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {OF1-OF15},
doi = {10.1158/2159-8290.CD-24-0760},
pmid = {39760657},
issn = {2159-8290},
support = {CA274502//National Cancer Institute (NCI)/ ; //Schmidt Family Foundation (SFF)/ ; 75N91019F00134//Cancer Moonshot (Misi&#xf3;n contra el C&#xe1;ncer)/ ; 75N91019D00024/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States ; DE-AC02-06-CH11357//Argonne National Laboratory (ANL)/ ; IRG-19-230-48//American Cancer Society (ACS)/ ; OD032742/NH/NIH HHS/United States ; },
abstract = {As the field of artificial intelligence evolves rapidly, these hallmarks are intended to capture fundamental, complementary concepts necessary for the progress and timely adoption of predictive modeling in precision oncology. Through these hallmarks, we hope to establish standards and guidelines that enable the symbiotic development of artificial intelligence and precision oncology.},
}
@article {pmid39759402,
year = {2025},
author = {Steinberg, M and Zhang, L and Mukherjee, R},
title = {Platform capitalisms and platform cultures.},
journal = {International journal of cultural studies},
volume = {28},
number = {1},
pages = {21-29},
pmid = {39759402},
issn = {1460-356X},
abstract = {This article argues for a pluralization of the "platform capitalism" framework, suggesting we should think instead in terms of "platform capitalisms." This pluralization opens the way to a better account of how platforms work in different geocultural contexts, with our focus being on China, India and Japan. The article first outlines several roles the state has taken on in mediating platform capitalisms. We then signal three main axes around which to consider the implications of platform capitalisms for cultural production: state-platform symbiosis; platform precarity; and the informal-formal relation in cultural production. This short provocation, we hope, will help foreground the crucial role of the state in platform capitalisms, such that the state-culture-capitalism nexus might be better acknowledged in research on platforms and cultural production now and into the future. This is particularly important as states themselves increasingly become platform operators.},
}
@article {pmid39759309,
year = {2024},
author = {Leng, Q and Sun, Y and Cao, J and Li, D and Geng, M and Guo, Z and Cao, W and Zhu, Q},
title = {Split application of phosphorus fertilizer in Chinese milk vetch-rice rotation enhanced rice yield by reshaping soil diazotrophic community.},
journal = {Heliyon},
volume = {10},
number = {24},
pages = {e41060},
pmid = {39759309},
issn = {2405-8440},
abstract = {Chinese milk vetch (CMV) is widely recognized as the leading leguminous green manure utilized in the rice-green manure rotation system throughout southern China. While bacteria that form symbiotic relationships with CMV are responsible for fixing a significant portion of nitrogen (N) within agroecosystems. diazotrophic organisms play an essential role in the N cycle and enhance the pool of N readily accessible to plants. The goals of the current study were to investigate the effects of shifting partial phosphorus (P) fertilizer application from the rice season to the CMV season within a CMV-rice rotation system on soil nutrient levels, activity of soil enzymes and stoichiometric ratios, as well as diazotrophic community structure. The treatments consisted of a control group, a winter fallow-rice rotation without fertilizer application, and the treatments P0, P1, P2, and P3, representing 0, 1/3, 2/3, and the full dose, respectively, of phosphorus fertilizer (60 kg ha[-1] P2O5) added in a single rotation system during the CMV season, while combined with 60 % of regular N application rate during the rice season. In comparison to P0, the application of treatments P1, P2, and P3 resulted in higher CMV dry biomass and rice production across the seasons from 2018 to 2021 and the P2 treatment significantly increased the contents of total N (TN), soil organic matter (OM), and available P (AP) by 49 %, 48 %, and 110 %, respectively. The activities of alkaline phosphatase and L-leucine aminopeptidase showed a significant decrease when subjected to the P1 and P2 treatments. The P2 treatment enhanced the relative abundance of Frankia and Skermanella by 2.6 % and 1.6 %, respectively, comparing with P0 treatment. Furthermore, correlation analysis revealed a positive relationship between Skermanella and Mesorhizobium with the contents of TN, OM, AP, ammonium-N, and nitrate-N. In conclusion, the application of 1/3 to 2/3 of the full dose P fertilizer in CMV season reshaped soil diazotrophic community, improved soil N content, and thereby increased rice yield with 40 % N fertilizer reduction.},
}
@article {pmid39759284,
year = {2024},
author = {Al Shammari, L},
title = {Phytochemical diversity, therapeutic potential, and ecological roles of the Cecropia genus.},
journal = {Heliyon},
volume = {10},
number = {24},
pages = {e40375},
pmid = {39759284},
issn = {2405-8440},
abstract = {The genus Cecropia, a pivotal component of Neotropical flora, is renowned for its integration of traditional medicinal uses with significant ecological functions. This review aims to highlight the phytochemical diversity and pharmacological activities of the Cecropia genus, with a particular focus on well-documented species such as C. angustifolia, C. glaziovii, and C. pachystachya. Through a comprehensive review of the literature and current studies, this review identifies critical phytochemicals, including flavonoids, phenolic acids, and terpenoids, and correlates these compounds with biological activities such as anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antioxidant effects. Notably, the review delves into the pharmacological potential of less than ten out of the sixty-six accepted Cecropia species, revealing a significant research opportunity within the genus. The findings advocate for intensified drug discovery initiatives involving advanced phytochemical analyses, bioactivity assessments, and the integration of conservation strategies. These efforts are crucial for the sustainable utilization of new therapeutic agents for Cecropia species. Additionally, this review discusses the ecological roles of Cecropia, particularly its contributions to forest regeneration and its symbiotic relationships with ants and proposes future research directions aimed at bridging current knowledge gaps and enhancing conservation measures for this valuable genus.},
}
@article {pmid39759225,
year = {2024},
author = {Lin, P and Wang, J and Chen, P and Fu, Z and Luo, K and Li, Y and Pu, T and Wang, X and Yong, T and Yang, W},
title = {Relay intercropped soybean promotes nodules development and nitrogen fixation by root exudates deposition.},
journal = {Frontiers in plant science},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1447447},
pmid = {39759225},
issn = {1664-462X},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Legumes, in the initial event of symbiosis, secrete flavonoids into the rhizosphere to attract rhizobia. This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between crop root exudates and soybean nodule development under intercropping patterns.<br><br>METHOD: A two years field experiments was carried out and combined with pot experiments to quantify the effects of planting mode, i.e., relay intercropping and monocropping, and genotypes, i.e., supernodulating NTS1007(NTS), Nandou-12(ND) and Guixia-3(GX) on root exudates, rhizobium community structure, nodule development and nitrogen fixation ability.<br><br>RESULT: The result demonstrated that, maize-soybean relay strip intercropping not only promoted daidzein and genistein exudates of soybean root to soil but also reshaped the community structure and diversity of nodule endophytic rhizobia. Compared with monocropping, the nodule number significantly decreased in relay strip intercropping soybean, and NTS achieved 97% at soybean five trifoliolate stage. At soybean full bloom stage, despite the nodulation capacity of relay strip intercropping soybean was unrestored, the nodule number, nodule dry weight, nodule diameter and root dry weight were the highest in ND under relay strip intercropping. Compared with monocropping, the nodule average diameters of ND and GX in relay strip intercropping significantly increased 26.30% and 21.11%, respectively, the single nodule nitrogenase activity and nifH gene was increased up to the higher level of 3.16-fold and 1.96-fold, 70.8% and 107.6%, respectively. Combined with pot experiments, the nodule number of ND and NTS in maize root maize root exudates (RE) treatment increased with growth period, the GX reached its maximum at full bloom stage. And the nodule diameter of ND under RE treatment showed the best response. At R2 stage, compared with distilled water (DW) treatment, the nodule average diameter of ND and GX in RE treatment was significantly higher, and the GmEXPB2 gene was significantly up-regulated 3.99-fold and 1.02-fold, respectively.<br><br>CONCLUSION: In brief, the maize-soybean relay strip intercropping enhanced the soybean root exudates nodulation signaling molecules, meanwhile, maize root exudates caused increased nodule diameter, and enhanced nodule nitrogen fixation, but had little effect on supernodulation varieties.},
}
@article {pmid39758348,
year = {2024},
author = {Tu, W and Xu, F and Li, J and Tian, X and Cao, L and Wang, L and Qu, Y},
title = {Studying targeted oxidation in diabetic cognitive dysfunction based on scientometrics analysis: research progress of natural product approaches.},
journal = {Frontiers in endocrinology},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1445750},
pmid = {39758348},
issn = {1664-2392},
mesh = {Humans ; *Cognitive Dysfunction/drug therapy/metabolism ; *Oxidative Stress/drug effects ; *Biological Products/therapeutic use/pharmacology ; *Antioxidants/therapeutic use/pharmacology ; Bibliometrics ; Diabetes Complications/drug therapy/metabolism ; Animals ; },
abstract = {PURPOSE: The aim is to provide new insights for researchers studying the pathogenesis of diabetic cognitive dysfunction and promoting the wider use of natural products in their treatment.<br><br>METHOD: First, the Web of Science Core Collection was selected as the data source for a computerized literature search on oxidative stress and diabetic cognitive dysfunction (DCD). Next, Biblimetrix and VOSviewer performed statistical analysis focusing on publication countries, institutions, authors, research hotspots, and emerging directions in the field. Then, through the analysis of keywords and key articles, the forefront of the field is identified. Finally, we discussed the pathogenesis of DCD, the influence of oxidative stress on DCD and the antioxidant effect of natural products on DCD.<br><br>RESULT: 293 valid papers were obtained. Bibliometrics showed that oxidative stress, diabetes, Alzheimer's disease (AD), cognitive decline, insulin resistance and quercetin were the key words of the symbiotic network.<br><br>CONCLUSION: The antioxidant effects of natural products in improving DCD have been extensively studied in preclinical studies, providing potential for their treatment in DCD, but their evaluation in clinical trials is currently uncommon.},
}
@article {pmid39755777,
year = {2025},
author = {Li, R and Leiva, C and Lemer, S and Kirkendale, L and Li, J},
title = {Photosymbiosis shaped animal genome architecture and gene evolution as revealed in giant clams.},
journal = {Communications biology},
volume = {8},
number = {1},
pages = {7},
pmid = {39755777},
issn = {2399-3642},
mesh = {Animals ; *Symbiosis/genetics ; *Bivalvia/genetics ; *Genome ; *Evolution, Molecular ; Dinoflagellida/genetics/physiology ; Phylogeny ; },
abstract = {Symbioses are major drivers of organismal diversification and phenotypic innovation. However, how long-term symbioses shape whole genome evolution in metazoans is still underexplored. Here, we use a giant clam (Tridacna maxima) genome to demonstrate how symbiosis has left complex signatures in an animal's genome. Giant clams thrive in oligotrophic waters by forming a remarkable association with photosymbiotic dinoflagellate algae. Genome-based demographic inferences uncover a tight correlation between T. maxima global population change and major paleoclimate and habitat shifts, revealing how abiotic and biotic factors may dictate T. maxima microevolution. Comparative analyses reveal genomic features that may be symbiosis-driven, including expansion and contraction of immunity-related gene families and a large proportion of lineage-specific genes. Strikingly, about 70% of the genome is composed of repetitive elements, especially transposable elements, most likely resulting from a symbiosis-adapted immune system. This work greatly enhances our understanding of genomic drivers of symbiosis that underlie metazoan evolution and diversification.},
}
@article {pmid39755198,
year = {2025},
author = {Liang, J and Niu, T and Zhang, L and Yang, Y and Li, Z and Liang, Z and Yu, K and Gong, S},
title = {Polystyrene microplastics exhibit toxic effects on the widespread coral symbiotic Cladocopium goreaui.},
journal = {Environmental research},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {120750},
doi = {10.1016/j.envres.2025.120750},
pmid = {39755198},
issn = {1096-0953},
abstract = {Within the coral reef habitat, members of the Symbiodiniaceae family stand as pivotal symbionts for reef-building corals. However, the physiological response of Symbiodiniaceae on microplastics are still poorly understood. Research conducted in this investigation assessed the harmful impact of polystyrene microparticles (PS-MPs) on Cladocopium goreaui, a Symbiodiniaceae species with a broad distribution. The results showed that micrometre-sized PS-MPs had a greater toxic effect on C. goreaui than nanometre-sized PS-MPs, and the growth inhibition rate of a concentration of 20 mg/L with 10 μm-sized PS-MPs on C. goreaui was as high as 62.9%-86%, which almost completely inhibited cell proliferation. Exposure to 10 μm PS-MPs significantly increased cell damage, for instance, the concentration of extracellular polymeric substance and malondialdehyde have increased by 161.6%-184.4% and 261.8%-896% on days 10 to 20 respectively. Furthermore, When PS-MPs inhibited the photosynthesis of C. goreaui, it could ensure their typical photosynthetic activity maintained by increasing their chlorophyll levels, and the increase in chlorophyll concentration is proportional to the level of inhibition experienced. However, Exposure to 10 μm PS-MPs could damage the chloroplasts of C. goreaui, leading to a decrease in the ability to synthesize photosynthetic pigments and subsequently resulting in a reduction in photosynthetic capacity. The morphology and genetic activity of C. goreaui suggest that PS-MPs primarily induce cellular shrinkage and distortion, as well as the disintegration and impairment of nuclear and chloroplastic structures, concurrently eliciting a greater number of suppressed genes, predominantly those associated with the function of succinate dehydrogenase, the attachment to tetrapyrroles, the binding of haem, and the handling of iron ions, including activities related to oxidoreduction. The investigation examined the adverse impacts of PS-MPs on a crucial coral symbiont (Symbiodiniaceae) and the beneficial reaction of these algal organisms, enhancing comprehension of how microplastic pollution affects the coral reef ecosystem.},
}
@article {pmid39755179,
year = {2025},
author = {Eivazian Kary, N and Sharifi Azar, Z and Mohammadi, D},
title = {Comparative pathogenicity of entomopathogenic nematodes symbiotic bacteria- distinct intra- and inter-species variation.},
journal = {Microbial pathogenesis},
volume = {199},
number = {},
pages = {107276},
doi = {10.1016/j.micpath.2025.107276},
pmid = {39755179},
issn = {1096-1208},
abstract = {This study aimed to achieve two main objectives: first, to determine whether the virulence factors of symbiotic bacteria of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) against insect hosts are cell-associated or secreted, and to shed light on the underlying mechanisms of pathogenicity; and second, to identify and evaluate the standalone pathogenicity of symbiotic bacteria associated with entomopathogenic nematodes against Tenebrio molitor. Three bacterial species, Xenorhabdus nematophila (A41, SC, A18 and SF), Photorhabdus kayaii, and P. thracensis, were isolated and characterized via phylogenetic analysis of 16S-rRNA and gyrB genes. Bioassays involved injecting T. molitor larvae with bacterial suspensions, cell-free supernatants, immersing them in bacterial suspensions, and incorporating various bacterial treatments into their diet. Lethal concentrations (LC50) and lethal times (LT50) were determined based on observed mortality trends within specified periods. No mortality was recorded in T. molitor larvae when they were immersed in bacterial suspensions or fed diets incorporating various bacterial treatments. Among injection-based trials, X. nematophila strains A41, SC, and SF demonstrated remarkable virulence through low LC50 values in bacterial suspension tests, whereas X. nematophila A18 stood out in intracellular suspension trials. Interestingly, P. thracensis triggered mortality exclusively during extracellular suspension testing. However, no discernible effects emerged when employing non-invasive techniques such as soaking or spiking the insect's diet. Overall, our investigation highlights significant intra-species/inter-species variation in the pathogenicity profiles of nematode-associated bacteria towards T. molitor across diverse application modes, emphasizing the importance of tailored implementation approaches in utilizing microbials as effective biocontrol agents. The variation in susceptibility of host to cell suspension, cellular extract, and cell-free suspension of the studied bacteria indicates that the existence of living bacteria or intercellular secretions may be essential for certain isolates to establish a successful infection. In order to optimize the use of symbiotic bacteria as a biocontrol agent, it is important for future research to focus on identifying genes that encode for intercellularly secreted proteins and exploring alternate delivery methods. This will help in realizing the full potential of these beneficial bacteria in IPM programs.},
}
@article {pmid39754326,
year = {2025},
author = {Pozzi, ACM and Shaw, RG and May, G},
title = {The geographic scale of population-level variation in growth and nodulation differs for two species of prairie clover.},
journal = {American journal of botany},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e16450},
doi = {10.1002/ajb2.16450},
pmid = {39754326},
issn = {1537-2197},
abstract = {PREMISE: Prairies are among the most threatened biomes due to changing patterns of climate and land use, yet information on genetic variation in key species that would inform conservation is often limited. We assessed evidence for the geographic scale of population-level variation in growth of two species of prairie clover and of their symbiotic associations with nitrogen-fixing bacteria.<br><br>METHODS: Seed representing two species, Dalea candida and D. purpurea, from the same five source populations were planted into an experimental site in Minnesota. We assessed variation within and among source populations in plant growth and in numbers of nodules and evaluated the relationship of growth and nodulation levels.<br><br>RESULTS: Plant growth varied among source populations, with greater differences among populations of D. purpurea than of D. candida. We did not detect a relationship between plant growth and distance of source populations from the experimental site. Populations of both species were equally likely to develop nodules at the experimental site, but the numbers of nodules were lowest for the most distantly sourced populations. Plant growth was positively correlated with the number of nodules, and this relationship varied considerably within and among populations.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Environmental heterogeneity at local and regional scales maintains substantial levels of genetic variation in plant populations within remnant prairie preserves. Further, association with rhizobia at a restoration site can improve growth of widely sourced plant populations. The in situ maintenance of plant genetic variation and species diversity provides resources for conservation and maintenance of prairie biomes.},
}
@article {pmid39754287,
year = {2025},
author = {Epstein, HE and Brown, T and Akinrinade, AO and McMinds, R and Pollock, FJ and Sonett, D and Smith, S and Bourne, DG and Carpenter, CS and Knight, R and Willis, BL and Medina, M and Lamb, JB and Thurber, RV and Zaneveld, JR},
title = {Evidence for microbially-mediated tradeoffs between growth and defense throughout coral evolution.},
journal = {Animal microbiome},
volume = {7},
number = {1},
pages = {1},
pmid = {39754287},
issn = {2524-4671},
support = {2006244//National Science Foundation/ ; 1442306//National Science Foundation/ ; 1942647//National Science Foundation/ ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Evolutionary tradeoffs between life-history strategies are important in animal evolution. Because microbes can influence multiple aspects of host physiology, including growth rate and susceptibility to disease or stress, changes in animal-microbial symbioses have the potential to mediate life-history tradeoffs. Scleractinian corals provide a biodiverse, data-rich, and ecologically-relevant host system to explore this idea.<br><br>RESULTS: Using a comparative approach, we tested if coral microbiomes correlate with disease susceptibility across 425&#xa0;million years of coral evolution by conducting a cross-species coral microbiome survey (the "Global Coral Microbiome Project") and combining the results with long-term global disease prevalence and coral trait data. Interpreting these data in their phylogenetic context, we show that microbial dominance predicts disease susceptibility, and traced this dominance-disease association to a single putatively beneficial symbiont genus, Endozoicomonas. Endozoicomonas relative abundance in coral tissue explained 30% of variation in disease susceptibility and 60% of variation in microbiome dominance across 40 coral genera, while also correlating strongly with high growth rates.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrate that the evolution of Endozoicomonas symbiosis in corals correlates with both disease prevalence and growth rate, and suggest a mediating role. Exploration of the mechanistic basis for these findings will be important for our understanding of how microbial symbioses influence animal life-history tradeoffs.},
}
@article {pmid39754061,
year = {2025},
author = {Xu, L and Li, Y and Dai, X and Jin, X and Zhao, Q and Tian, B and Zhou, Y},
title = {Symbiotic fungal inoculation promotes the growth of Pinus tabuliformis seedlings in relation to the applied nitrogen form.},
journal = {BMC plant biology},
volume = {25},
number = {1},
pages = {10},
pmid = {39754061},
issn = {1471-2229},
support = {32001112//the National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; C2023204238//Science Foundation of Hebei Province/ ; ZD201728//the Starting Scientific Research Foundation for the introduced talents of Hebei Agricultural University/ ; },
mesh = {*Symbiosis ; *Nitrogen/metabolism ; *Seedlings/growth &amp; development/microbiology ; *Pinus/microbiology/growth &amp; development/metabolism ; Plant Roots/microbiology/growth &amp; development/metabolism ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Nitrogen (N) deposition has become a major driving factor affecting the balance of terrestrial ecosystems, changing the soil environment, element balance and species coexistence relationships, driving changes in biodiversity and ecosystem structure and function. Human-induced nitrogen input leads to a high NH4[+]/ NO3[-] ratio in soil. However, relatively few studies have investigated the effects of different nitrogen sources on forest plant-microbial symbionts. In this study, the effects of four nitrogen sources, N free, NH4Cl, L-glutamic acid, and Na(NO3)2 (N-, NH4[+]-N, Org-N, and NO3[-]-N) on four fungal species, Suillus granulatus (Sg), Pisolithus tinctorius (Pt), Pleotrichocladium opacum (Po), and Pseudopyrenochaeta sp. (Ps), which were isolated from the roots of Pinus tabulaeformis, were studied in vitro. The effects of inoculation with the four fungi on the growth performance, nutrient uptake and nitrogen metabolism-related enzymes of Pinus tabuliformis under different nitrogen source conditions were subsequently studied.<br><br>RESULTS: The biomass and N concentration of the Sg and Po strains were the highest under the NO3[-]-N treatment, while the biomass and N concentration of the Pt and Ps strains were significantly greater under the NH4[+]-N and NO3[-]-N treatments than under the Org-N and N- treatments. All four fungi could effectively colonize the roots of P. tabuliformis and formed a symbiotic relationship with it. Under all nitrogen conditions, the inoculation of the four fungi had positive effects on the growth, root development and nutrient concentration of the P. tabuliformis seedlings. Under the Org-N and NO3[-]-N treatments, the nitrate reductase (NR) activity of the inoculated plants was significantly greater than that of the noninoculated control (CK) plants. Under all nitrogen conditions, the glutamine synthetase (GS) activity of the inoculated plants was significantly greater than that of the CK plants.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: The four fungi can establish good symbiotic relationships with P. tabuliformis seedlings and promote their growth and development under different nitrogen source treatments.},
}
@article {pmid39754034,
year = {2025},
author = {Wen, Z and Manninen, MJ and Asiegbu, FO},
title = {Beneficial mutualistic fungus Suillus luteus provided excellent buffering insurance in Scots pine defense responses under pathogen challenge at transcriptome level.},
journal = {BMC plant biology},
volume = {25},
number = {1},
pages = {12},
pmid = {39754034},
issn = {1471-2229},
support = {353365//Research Council of Finland/ ; 353365//Research Council of Finland/ ; 353365//Research Council of Finland/ ; 4400T-2002//Maa- ja Mets&#xe4;talousministeri&#xd6;/ ; 4400T-2002//Maa- ja Mets&#xe4;talousministeri&#xd6;/ ; 4400T-2002//Maa- ja Mets&#xe4;talousministeri&#xd6;/ ; },
mesh = {*Pinus sylvestris/microbiology/genetics ; *Symbiosis ; *Plant Diseases/microbiology/genetics/immunology ; *Transcriptome ; *Basidiomycota/physiology ; *Disease Resistance/genetics ; Mycorrhizae/physiology ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Gene Expression Profiling ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Mutualistic mycorrhiza fungi that live in symbiosis with plants facilitates nutrient and water acquisition, improving tree growth and performance. In this study, we evaluated the potential of mutualistic fungal inoculation to improve the growth and disease resistance of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) against the forest pathogen Heterobasidion annosum.<br><br>RESULTS: In co-inoculation experiment, Scots pine seedlings were pre-inoculated with mutualistic beneficial fungus (Suillus luteus) prior to H. annosum infection. The result revealed that inoculation with beneficial fungus promoted plant root growth. Transcriptome analyses revealed that co-inoculated plants and plants inoculated with beneficial fungus shared some similarities in defense gene responses. However, pathogen infection alone had unique sets of genes encoding pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins, phenylpropanoid pathway/lignin biosynthesis, flavonoid biosynthesis, chalcone/stilbene biosynthesis, ethylene signaling pathway, JA signaling pathway, cell remodeling and growth, transporters, and fungal recognition. On the other hand, beneficial fungus inoculation repressed the expression of PR proteins, and other defense-related genes such as laccases, chalcone/stilbene synthases, terpene synthases, cytochrome P450s. The co-inoculated plants did not equally enhance the induction of PR genes, chalcone/stilbene biosynthesis, however genes related to cell wall growth, water and nutrient transporters, phenylpropanoid/lignin biosynthesis/flavonoid biosynthesis, and hormone signaling were induced.<br><br>CONCLUSION: S. luteus promoted mutualistic interaction by suppressing plant defense responses. Pre-inoculation of Scots pine seedlings with beneficial fungus S. luteus prior to pathogen challenge promoted primary root growth, as well as had a balancing buffering role in plant defense responses and cell growth at transcriptome level.},
}
@article {pmid39752954,
year = {2025},
author = {Liu, X and Kong, L and Tong, L and Zackariah, GSK and Zhu, R and Li, Z and Lv, Y},
title = {Inoculation with effective microorganisms agent enhanced fungal diversity in the secondary fermentation process.},
journal = {Journal of environmental management},
volume = {373},
number = {},
pages = {123985},
doi = {10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.123985},
pmid = {39752954},
issn = {1095-8630},
abstract = {Microbial inoculations have emerged as a key approach to address the low natural microbial activity of traditional composting technologies. It is crucial for successfully promoting manure composting to understand the influences of microbial inoculations on fungal communities and its mechanisms. To investigate the effects of microbial inoculation on diversity characteristics, tropic mode, and co-occurrence network of fungal communities during composting, an aerobic composting experiment of chicken manure inoculated with microbial agents was performed. The results showed that microbial inoculations enhanced fungal richness and diversity during the secondary fermentation, promoted beneficial fungi, and restrained pathogenic microbes. Microbial inoculation facilitated saprophytic fungi and symbiotic fungi, augmented fungal network complexity and cooperation during the first fermentation, concurrently impeding fungal network complexity and cooperation during the secondary fermentation. These results provide technical guidance for composting process optimization and compost product quality improving, which was beneficial to promote soil quality and mitigating agricultural non-point source pollution.},
}
@article {pmid39752923,
year = {2024},
author = {Chen, K and Cao, J and Gu, J and Cai, T and Liang, Y and Zhou, H and Peng, J and Na, P and Huang, W and Dang, Z and Yang, C},
title = {The community dynamic alterations mechanisms of traveling plastics in the Pearl River estuary with the salinity influence.},
journal = {Water research},
volume = {274},
number = {},
pages = {123057},
doi = {10.1016/j.watres.2024.123057},
pmid = {39752923},
issn = {1879-2448},
abstract = {Most ocean plastics originate from terrestrial emissions, and the plastisphere on the plastics would alter during the traveling due to the significant differences in biological communities between freshwater and marine ecosystems. Microorganisms are influenced by the increasing salinity during traveling. To understand the contribution of plastic on the alteration in biological communities of plastisphere during traveling, this study investigated the alterations in microbial communities on plastics during the migration from freshwater to brackish water and saltwater. The results revealed that the migrated plastics can form unique microhabitats with high bacterial and eukaryotic diversity. Compared with the natural carrier (stone), the communities in plastisphere had fewer variations with salinity, indicating that plastisphere can offer stronger protection for freshwater organisms. The hydrophobicity of plastics promoted algal colonization, providing a stable nutrient source for the community during salinity fluctuations. This reduced material exchange between the plastisphere and the surrounding high-salinity environment, facilitating greater community stability. Additionally, the abundant Ochrophyta and Bryozoa of eukaryotes on migrated plastics can facilitate further colonization and promote species diversity. Plastisphere microbial networks revealed that the reduction of salt-intolerant organisms during traveling had fewer effects on the abundance of associated organisms. A more stable community on migrated plastics led to the proliferation of pathogens and carbon cycle-degrading microorganisms. And the increasing relative abundance of carbon cycling functions indicated that the traveling plastics could pose higher environmental risks and exhibit enhanced carbon metabolic capabilities. The study highlighted the biofilms on migrated plastics as a unique ecological niche in estuarine environments, offering a crucial reference for evaluating the ecological risks linked to plastic travel from rivers to the ocean.},
}
@article {pmid39752916,
year = {2025},
author = {Kuang, Q and Wu, Y and Gao, Y and An, T and Liu, S and Liang, L and Xu, B and Zhang, S and Yu, M and Shabala, S and Chen, Y},
title = {Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi mitigate cadmium stress in maize.},
journal = {Ecotoxicology and environmental safety},
volume = {289},
number = {},
pages = {117600},
doi = {10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.117600},
pmid = {39752916},
issn = {1090-2414},
abstract = {Soil cadmium (Cd) pollution poses a significant environmental threat, impacting global food security and human health. Recent studies have highlighted the potential of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi to protect crops from various heavy metal stresses, including Cd toxicity. To elucidate the tolerance mechanisms of maize in response to Cd toxicity under AM symbiosis, this study used two maize genotypes with contrasting Cd tolerance: Zhengdan958 (Cd-tolerant) and Zhongke11 (Cd-sensitive). Rhizobox experiments were conducted with and without AM inoculation, alongside Cd treatment. The results revealed that Cd stress severely impaired growth and root development in both genotypes. However, AM symbiosis significantly improved plant height, stem diameter, biomass, root morphology, photosynthetic capacity, nutrient uptake, antioxidant enzyme activity, root Cd content, and concentration, while also reducing lipid peroxidation and shoot Cd accumulation in both genotypes. Notably, AM symbiosis had a more pronounced effect on stem diameter (increased 55 %), root dry weight (118 %), root superoxide dismutase (42 %), and peroxidase activity (209 %), as well as shoot translocation factor (77 %) in Zhongke11 compared to Zhengdan958. Overall, AM symbiosis alleviated Cd toxicity in maize through multiple mechanisms, including enhanced photosynthesis, nutrient uptake, antioxidant defenses, and modulation of Cd transport and accumulation. This study provides valuable insights into the potential application of Cd-tolerant maize genotypes and AM symbiosis for managing Cd-contaminated soils.},
}
@article {pmid39751936,
year = {2025},
author = {Moon, YL and Kim, KH and Park, JS},
title = {Correction: Chengkuizengella axinellae sp. nov., a symbiotic bacterium isolated from a marine sponge of the genus Axinella.},
journal = {Antonie van Leeuwenhoek},
volume = {118},
number = {2},
pages = {48},
doi = {10.1007/s10482-024-02058-5},
pmid = {39751936},
issn = {1572-9699},
}
@article {pmid39748826,
year = {2024},
author = {Taheri, P and Dastogeer, KMG and Ratu, STN and Agyekum, DVA and Yasuda, M and Fujii, Y and Okazaki, S},
title = {Diversity and plant growth promotion potential of endophytic fungi isolated from hairy vetch in Japan.},
journal = {Frontiers in plant science},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1476200},
pmid = {39748826},
issn = {1664-462X},
abstract = {Hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth), a leguminous plant with nitrogen-fixing ability, is used as a cover crop and has the potential to suppress weeds and plant diseases. The microbial composition, particularly fungal endophytes, which may be related to the beneficial functions of this crop, has not been previously studied. In this study, we analyzed the diversity and function of culturable fungal endophytes associated with hairy vetch from eight locations across Japan. Using the fungal culture method, a total of 2,186 isolates were recovered and assigned to 80 distinct internal transcribed spacer (ITS) genotypes, spanning 28 genera. The results demonstrated that geographic location and soil physicochemical properties significantly influence the community composition of the hairy vetch fungal endophytes. Soil pH showed a significant positive correlation with the abundance of Penicillium, which was the most dominant genus in all the sampling locations and tissues. The majority of the isolates promoted plant growth and colonized hairy vetch and soybean roots, significantly promoting the growth of hairy vetch and/or soybean plants. Among the isolates, Penicillium griseofulvum AKL25 and Trichoderma koningii AKR15 significantly enhanced both hairy vetch and soybean growth, respectively. Meanwhile, Alternaria alternata OGL80 significantly increased soybean growth, but it did not affect hairy vetch growth, indicating host specificity of the fungal endophytes. In conclusion, this study showed that soil properties and geographic location play a critical role in shaping the community composition and structure of endophytic fungi associated with hairy vetch. Additionally, the isolated fungi promoted hairy vetch and soybean growth, with a host preference. Furthermore, this study revealed that a novel endophytic fungus, P. griseofulvum AKL25, which has high growth-promoting activity, can be utilized as a microbial inoculant to promote hairy vetch and soybean growth in sustainable agriculture.},
}
@article {pmid39748268,
year = {2025},
author = {Gorgia, P and Tsikou, D},
title = {Tripartite Symbiosis Between Legumes, Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Nitrogen Fixing Rhizobia: Interactions and Regulation.},
journal = {Plant, cell &amp; environment},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/pce.15341},
pmid = {39748268},
issn = {1365-3040},
support = {//The research project is implemented in the framework of H.F.R.I call "Basic research Financing (Horizontal support of all Sciences)" under the National Recovery and Resilience Plan "Greece 2.0" funded by the European Union -NextGenerationEU (H.F.R.I. Project Number: 16231). The publication of the article in OA mode was financially supported by HEAL-Link./ ; },
abstract = {Legume plants can interact with nitrogen-fixing rhizobia bacteria and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) simultaneously, forming a tripartite symbiotic association. Co-inoculation studies performed on a variety of legumes have shown that rhizobia and AMF influence each other when they co-occur in tripartite association and affect host plant nutrition and performance. Although single plant-microbe interactions have been extensively studied, our understanding in the field of tripartite interactions is insufficient and current knowledge cannot predict the symbiotic outcome, which appears to depend on many parameters. In this review we examine the current state of research on the legume-rhizobium-AMF tripartite symbiosis. We investigate the dynamic interaction between the two microsymbionts and the effect of one microbe on the other, both at the physiological and the molecular levels, and the result of dual inoculation on host plant growth, fitness and response to stresses. Rhizobia and AMF interact both extraradically and intraradically, effects on microbe and host plant gene expression levels are observed, AMF positively regulates nodulation, while rhizobia can affect AMF root colonisation either positively or negatively. Factors observed to regulate the establishment and function of the tripartite symbiosis, such as the rhizobia-AMF combination, host plant identity and environmental conditions are discussed.},
}
@article {pmid39748068,
year = {2025},
author = {Li, S and Ma, X and Mei, H and Chang, X and He, P and Sun, L and Xiao, H and Wang, S and Li, R},
title = {Association between gut microbiota and short-chain fatty acids in children with obesity.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {483},
pmid = {39748068},
issn = {2045-2322},
support = {2019ZYYD051//the Special Projects for the Central Government to Guide the Development of Local Science and Technology/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; Child ; Male ; *Fatty Acids, Volatile/metabolism/blood ; Female ; Adolescent ; *Pediatric Obesity/microbiology/metabolism/blood ; Case-Control Studies ; Feces/microbiology ; Metabolome ; Metagenomics/methods ; Body Mass Index ; },
abstract = {The gut microbiome and its metabolites may be important role in regulating the pathogenesis of obesity. This study aimed to characterize the gut microbiome and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) metabolome in obese children. This case-control study recruited children aged 7‒14 years and divided them into a normal group (NG) and an obese group (OG) based on their body mass index. Whole-genome shotgun metagenomic analysis was performed on fecal samples from the OG and NG groups to characterize the signatures and functional potential of the gut microbiota. Serum metabolite profiles were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS). The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS, version 26) and R software were used for data analysis. A total of 99 children were recruited, with 49 in the OG and 50 in the NG. At the phylum level, Proteobacteria were significantly more abundant in children in the OG than those in the NG. At the genus level, Oscillibacter and Alistipes were significantly lower in children in the OG than those in the NG. Caproate levels significantly increased, whereas butyrate and isobutyrate levels decreased in children in the OG than those in the NG. Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) functional analysis revealed 28 enriched KEGG pathways, of which/with the phosphotransferase system (PTS) and enhanced biofilm formation by Escherichia coli were particularly significant in the OG. Spearman's correlation analysis indicated that the genus Oscillibacter and species Clostridium_sp._CAG:302 connect serum metabolites and the gut microbiota in childhood obesity. Childhood obesity is correlated with the symbiotic status of the gut microbiota. The microbiota influences human metabolism via specific pathways, particularly butyrate, caproate, and the genus Oscillibacter, all closely associated with obesity.},
}
@article {pmid39747267,
year = {2025},
author = {Zhang, X and Yu, X and Hu, X},
title = {Evaluating the impact of smart city construction on sewage treatment in China from a synergistic perspective.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {260},
pmid = {39747267},
issn = {2045-2322},
support = {22CZZ024//National Social Science Foundation of China/ ; GD23YGL32//Social Science Foundation of Guangdong province/ ; },
abstract = {Urbanization exacerbates the prevalence of urban diseases such as water pollution. Smart city construction (SCC), a prevailing global trend in urban development, has the potential to catalyze the symbiotic development of the urban economy, society, and environment. This study utilized a difference-in-differences (DID) model with panel data from 150 prefecture-level cities in China during the period of 2011-2017 to evaluate the impact of SCC on urban sewage treatment. The results revealed a statistically significant increase in the sewage treatment level, which remained robust even after rigorous tests were performed. The mechanism analysis revealed that SCC can improve the level of sewage treatment through increasing the fiscal self-sufficiency rate (FSR) and industrial upgrading (IU). Furthermore, heterogeneity analysis revealed that in cities with a high level of financial development and public environmental attention (PEA), coupled with a low level of environmental attention from higher-level government, the advancement of the sewage treatment level can be more effectively facilitated through SCC. In conclusion, the promotional effect of SCC on the sewage treatment level is influenced by a combination of technological, economic, political, and social factors. Therefore, SCC should prioritize the synergistic integration of technological innovations and non-technological factors.},
}
@article {pmid39747016,
year = {2025},
author = {Rüttiger, AS and Ryan, D and Spiga, L and Lamm-Schmidt, V and Prezza, G and Reichardt, S and Langford, M and Barquist, L and Faber, F and Zhu, W and Westermann, AJ},
title = {The global RNA-binding protein RbpB is a regulator of polysaccharide utilization in Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron.},
journal = {Nature communications},
volume = {16},
number = {1},
pages = {208},
pmid = {39747016},
issn = {2041-1723},
support = {We6689/1-1//Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (German Research Foundation)/ ; #101040214//EC | EU Framework Programme for Research and Innovation H2020 | H2020 Priority Excellent Science | H2020 European Research Council (H2020 Excellent Science - European Research Council)/ ; },
mesh = {*Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron/metabolism/genetics ; *RNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism/genetics ; Animals ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial ; Mice ; *Bacterial Proteins/metabolism/genetics ; *Polysaccharides/metabolism ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Humans ; RNA, Bacterial/genetics/metabolism ; RNA, Small Untranslated/metabolism/genetics ; },
abstract = {Paramount to human health, symbiotic bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract rely on the breakdown of complex polysaccharides to thrive in this sugar-deprived environment. Gut Bacteroides are metabolic generalists and deploy dozens of polysaccharide utilization loci (PULs) to forage diverse dietary and host-derived glycans. The expression of the multi-protein PUL complexes is tightly regulated at the transcriptional level. However, how PULs are orchestrated at translational level in response to the fluctuating levels of their cognate substrates is unknown. Here, we identify the RNA-binding protein RbpB and a family of noncoding RNAs as key players in post-transcriptional PUL regulation. We demonstrate that RbpB interacts with numerous cellular transcripts, including a paralogous noncoding RNA family comprised of 14 members, the FopS (family of paralogous sRNAs). Through a series of in-vitro and in-vivo assays, we reveal that FopS sRNAs repress the translation of SusC-like glycan transporters when substrates are limited-an effect antagonized by RbpB. Ablation of RbpB in Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron compromises colonization in the mouse gut in a diet-dependent manner. Together, this study adds to our understanding of RNA-coordinated metabolic control as an important factor contributing to the in-vivo fitness of predominant microbiota species in dynamic nutrient landscapes.},
}
@article {pmid39746718,
year = {2025},
author = {Stimson, CE},
title = {Exploring cultural imaginaries of robots with children with brittle bone disease: a participatory design study.},
journal = {Medical humanities},
volume = {50},
number = {4},
pages = {705-714},
doi = {10.1136/medhum-2024-013039},
pmid = {39746718},
issn = {1473-4265},
mesh = {Humans ; *Robotics ; Child ; *Osteogenesis Imperfecta ; Female ; Imagination ; Self-Help Devices ; Male ; Narration ; Culture ; Empowerment ; Research Design ; },
abstract = {A symbiotic relationship exists between narrative imaginaries of and real-life advancements in technology. Such cultural imaginings have a powerful influence on our understanding of the potential that technology has to affect our lives; as a result, narrative-based approaches to participatory design (PD) of technology are an active area of investigation.In this ongoing study, the following research questions are addressed: how can PD be optimised for the fields of robotics and assistive technology, particularly with regard to fostering empowerment and eliciting how people imagine the role of technology in their own futures? How can the symbiotic relationship between (popular) cultural imaginaries and real-life technological advancements be acknowledged within the PD process?The study synthesises fictional inquiry and science fiction prototyping methodologies and processes over multiple workshops. Its aim is to explore and develop conceptions of robotics and assistive technology of children with osteogenesis imperfecta (OI, commonly known as brittle bone disease) and their families, as these populations are under-represented in collaborative research and stand to benefit from future robotics development. Narrative-based approaches are complemented by participants' direct interaction with contemporary robots during each workshop and a 'robot home visit' to unite experiential understandings of robots and their current capabilities with possible futures, as well as foster mutual learning between stakeholders and designers. The study deploys a mixed methods research design with a critical posthumanist theoretical lens.This inclusive co-designed methodology should establish a rich, nuanced picture of how people currently imagine robots in their future and facilitate all involved to deepen these conceptions. It is anticipated that everyone taking part will empower themselves to imagine fully the range of possibilities in their own personal futures in our increasingly technologised world.},
}
@article {pmid39745522,
year = {2025},
author = {Sabaneyeva, E and Kursacheva, E and Vizichkanich, G and Lebedev, D and Lebedeva, N},
title = {Rhodotorula mucilaginosa: a new potential human pathogen found in the ciliate Paramecium bursaria.},
journal = {Protoplasma},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {39745522},
issn = {1615-6102},
support = {103972122//Saint Petersburg State University/ ; },
abstract = {Ciliates often form symbiotic associations with other microorganisms, both prokaryotic and eukaryotic. We are now starting to rediscover the symbiotic systems recorded before molecular analysis became available. Here, we provide a morphological and molecular characterization of a symbiotic association between the ciliate Paramecium tritobursaria and the yeast Rhodotorula mucilaginosa (syn. Rhodotorula rubra) isolated from a natural population. This symbiotic system demonstrates certain similarities with the symbiotic system formed by P. bursaria and its conventional endosymbionts, the zoochlorellae. Experimental infections of the endosymbiont-free P. tritobursaria and Paramecium deuterobursaria cell lines with R. mucilaginosa demonstrated that the yeast infectivity is concentration-dependent, with ciliates digesting part of the yeast cells. The endosymbiotic yeast may serve as a food reserve, providing starvation stress tolerance to the host. Since R. mucilaginosa is currently regarded as a pathogen causing opportunistic infections in immunocompromised humans, our finding gives further support to the vision that ciliates can harbor potential human pathogens and can be a vector for their dissemination.},
}
@article {pmid39745096,
year = {2025},
author = {Zhang, YC and Hou, M and Liu, HX and Cao, H and Deng, L and Zhu, YF and Li, YJ and Wang, ZB and Xiao, Y},
title = {Phase evolutions of sodium layered oxide cathodes during thermal fluctuations.},
journal = {Chemical communications (Cambridge, England)},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1039/d4cc05901h},
pmid = {39745096},
issn = {1364-548X},
abstract = {Layered transition metal oxide (NaxTMO2) cathodes are considered highly appropriate for the practical applications of sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) owing to their facile synthesis and high theoretical capacity. Generally, the phase evolution behaviors of NaxTMO2 during solid-state reactions at high temperature closely related to their carbon footprint, prime cost, and the eventual electrochemical properties, while the thermal stability in various desodiated states associated with wide temperature fluctuations are extremely prominent to the electrochemical properties and safety of SIB devices. Therefore, in this review, the influences of sintering conditions such as pyrolysis temperature, soaking time, and cooling rates on the phase formation patterns of NaxTMO2 are summarized. The competition between thermodynamics and kinetics during phase growth is extensively discussed. An overview on thermal stability enhancement strategies, such as elemental composition modulations, surface reconstructions, and polyphase symbiosis reported in previous works is provided. Furthermore, phase transition behaviors together with alterations in battery system temperatures under various electro-/chemical environments are discussed. Finally, we prospect the highly efficient preparations and high-heat-resistance designs of NaxTMO2 layered oxides.},
}
@article {pmid39744910,
year = {2024},
author = {de Moura Barbosa Leite, D and de Paula, TS and Hajdu, E},
title = {The complete mitochondrial genome of the deep-sea methanotrophic sponges Hymedesmia methanophila and Iophon methanophila: leveraging 'waste' in metagenomic data.},
journal = {Journal of genetics},
volume = {103},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {39744910},
issn = {0973-7731},
mesh = {*Genome, Mitochondrial ; Animals ; *Porifera/microbiology/genetics ; *Phylogeny ; *Metagenomics/methods ; Methane/metabolism ; Metagenome ; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing ; DNA, Mitochondrial/genetics ; RNA, Transfer/genetics ; },
abstract = {A significant proportion of next-generation sequencing (NGS) data ends up not being used since they comprise information out-of-scope of the primary studies. This 'waste' of potential can be harnessed to explore organellar genomes, such as the mitochondrial DNA, and be used for evolutionary, conservation and biodiversity research. We present the complete mitochondrial genomes of the deep-sea methanotrophic sponges Hymedesmia methanophila and Iophon methanophila (Demospongiae, Poecilosclerida) retrieved from previously published whole metagenome sequencing data. The predicted mitogenome of H. methanophila (18,657 bp) and I. methanophila (18,718 bp) present the characteristic arrangement observed among Poecilosclerida sponges. These mtDNAs encode the usual set of 14 proteins, two ribosomal RNA, and 24 or 23 transfer RNA genes, respectively, with intergenic regions amounting ~5% of their total length. The overall similarity of these mitogenomes to those of phylogenetic relatives, both in organization and divergence, suggests that neither their extremophilic habitat in asphalt seeps within the deep sea nor their symbiotic association with methaneoxidizing bacteria imposed a major influence on the evolution of their mitochondrial genome. This research shows how metagenomic data can be leveraged to extract additional genetic knowledge from primary metagenome sources, and by exploiting previously unexplored sequencing data, valuable information can be unlocked to shed light on the evolutionary dynamics of diverse organisms inhabiting extreme environments.},
}
@article {pmid39744476,
year = {2025},
author = {Aboulmira, A and Hrimech, H and Lachgar, M and Hanine, M and Garcia, CO and Mezquita, GM and Ashraf, I},
title = {Hybrid Model with Wavelet Decomposition and EfficientNet for Accurate Skin Cancer Classification.},
journal = {Journal of Cancer},
volume = {16},
number = {2},
pages = {506-520},
pmid = {39744476},
issn = {1837-9664},
abstract = {Faced with anomalies in medical images, Deep learning is facing major challenges in detecting, diagnosing, and classifying the various pathologies that can be treated via medical imaging. The main challenges encountered are mainly due to the imbalance and variability of the data, as well as its complexity. The detection and classification of skin diseases is one such challenge that researchers are trying to overcome, as these anomalies present great variability in terms of appearance, texture, color, and localization, which sometimes makes them difficult to identify accurately and quickly, particularly by doctors, or by the various Deep Learning techniques on offer. In this study, an innovative and robust hybrid architecture is unveiled, underscoring the symbiotic potential of wavelet decomposition in conjunction with EfficientNet models. This approach integrates wavelet transformations with an EfficientNet backbone and incorporates advanced data augmentation, loss function, and optimization strategies. The model tested on the publicly accessible HAM10000 and ISIC2017 datasets has achieved an accuracy rate of 94.7%, and 92.2% respectively.},
}
@article {pmid39744153,
year = {2024},
author = {Dinda, SK and Hazra, S and De, A and Datta, A and Das, L and Pattanayak, S and Kumar, K and Dey, MD and Basu, A and Manna, D},
title = {Amoebae: beyond pathogens- exploring their benefits and future potential.},
journal = {Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology},
volume = {14},
number = {},
pages = {1518925},
pmid = {39744153},
issn = {2235-2988},
mesh = {Humans ; *Amoeba/physiology ; Amebiasis/parasitology ; Animals ; Naegleria fowleri/pathogenicity/physiology ; Balamuthia mandrillaris/pathogenicity/physiology ; Entamoeba histolytica/pathogenicity/physiology ; },
abstract = {Amoebae, fascinatingly diverse protists, showcase a dual nature that positions them as both friends and foes in our world. These organisms, defined by their distinctive pseudopodia, span a spectrum from harmful to helpful. On the darker side, species like Entamoeba histolytica pose serious health risks, causing intestinal and liver diseases, while the infamous "brain-eating" Naegleria fowleri leads to fatal primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM), with a daunting 97% mortality rate. Other free-living amoebae, including Acanthamoeba castellanii and Balamuthia mandrillaris, also threaten the human central nervous system. Yet, beyond these dangers, amoebae play critical ecological roles. They function as nature's recyclers, decomposing organic material and nourishing aquatic ecosystems, while also serving as food for various organisms. Moreover, certain amoebae help control plant pathogens and offer insight into human disease, proving valuable as model organisms in biomedical research. This review sheds light on the complex, multifaceted world of amoebae, highlighting their dual role as pathogens and as key contributors to vital ecological processes, as well as their significant impact on research and their promising potential for enhancing human well-being.},
}
@article {pmid39742806,
year = {2024},
author = {Zhang, X and Luo, Z and Marand, AP and Yan, H and Jang, H and Bang, S and Mendieta, JP and Minow, MAA and Schmitz, RJ},
title = {A spatially resolved multi-omic single-cell atlas of soybean development.},
journal = {Cell},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.cell.2024.10.050},
pmid = {39742806},
issn = {1097-4172},
abstract = {Cis-regulatory elements (CREs) precisely control spatiotemporal gene expression in cells. Using a spatially resolved single-cell atlas of gene expression with chromatin accessibility across ten soybean tissues, we identified 103 distinct cell types and 303,199 accessible chromatin regions (ACRs). Nearly 40% of the ACRs showed cell-type-specific patterns and were enriched for transcription factor (TF) motifs defining diverse cell identities. We identified de novo enriched TF motifs and explored the conservation of gene regulatory networks underpinning legume symbiotic nitrogen fixation. With comprehensive developmental trajectories for endosperm and embryo, we uncovered the functional transition of the three sub-cell types of endosperm, identified 13 sucrose transporters sharing the DNA binding with one finger 11 (DOF11) motif that were co-upregulated in late peripheral endosperm, and identified key embryo cell-type specification regulators during embryogenesis, including a homeobox TF that promotes cotyledon parenchyma identity. This resource provides a valuable foundation for analyzing gene regulatory programs in soybean cell types across tissues and life stages.},
}
@article {pmid39742771,
year = {2024},
author = {Zhou, J and Wang, P and Wei, L and Zhang, J and Li, X and Huang, N and Liu, G and Zou, K and Fan, R and Liu, L and Ma, X and Huang, T and Sun, F},
title = {Grazing increases the complexity of networks and ecological stochastic processes of mycorrhizal fungi.},
journal = {Journal of environmental management},
volume = {373},
number = {},
pages = {123933},
doi = {10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.123933},
pmid = {39742771},
issn = {1095-8630},
abstract = {Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) form extensive symbiotic relationships with plants, which are critical for plant-driven biogeochemical cycles and ecosystem functions. Grazing and mowing, which are common grassland utilization patterns globally, significantly alter plant community characteristics as well as soil nutrients and structure, thereby potentially influencing AMF communities. However, the effects of these grassland managements on AMF community structure and ecological processes remain unclear. Here, we investigated AMF communities in cattle grazing, sheep grazing, and mowing grasslands. We examined AMF community diversity, composition, assembly processes, and network interactions. Our results revealed distinct AMF compositions across different grassland managements. In cattle and sheep grazing grasslands, the AMF community assembly processes were determined by dispersal limitation and drift, with increased importance of stochasticity. Although AMF abundance did not alter by grassland managements, AMF diversity decreased under sheep grazing, associated with reduced pH levels compared to cattle grazing or mowing. AMF formed more complex (higher average degree and graph density) and integrated (lower modularity) networks in grazing grasslands than mowing grasslands. The AMF network in cattle grazing grasslands showed the highest stability, associated with a broader habitat niche, balanced interspecies competition, and higher soil AP and MBN. Meanwhile, some species with high adaptability to grazing became key nodes in the AMF network, such as Funneliformis. Our findings highlight significant AMF responses to grazing, including increased network complexity and ecological stochasticity, providing new insights into how grassland managements influence the composition and assembly patterns of soil symbiotic microbial communities.},
}
@article {pmid39742388,
year = {2025},
author = {Wendlandt, CE and Basu, S and Montoya, AP and Roberts, P and Stewart, JD and Coffin, AB and Crowder, DW and Kiers, ET and Porter, SS},
title = {Managing Friends and Foes: Sanctioning Mutualists in Mixed-Infection Nodules Trades off With Defense Against Antagonists.},
journal = {Evolutionary applications},
volume = {18},
number = {1},
pages = {e70064},
pmid = {39742388},
issn = {1752-4571},
abstract = {Successful plant growth requires plants to minimize harm from antagonists and maximize benefit from mutualists. However, these outcomes may be difficult to achieve simultaneously, since plant defenses activated in response to antagonists can compromise mutualism function, and plant resources allocated to defense may trade off with resources allocated to managing mutualists. Here, we investigate how antagonist attack affects plant ability to manage mutualists with sanctions, in which a plant rewards cooperative mutualists and/or punishes uncooperative mutualists. We studied interactions among wild and domesticated pea plants, pea aphids, an aphid-vectored virus (Pea Enation Mosaic Virus, PEMV), and mutualistic rhizobial bacteria that fix nitrogen in root nodules. Using isogenic rhizobial strains that differ in their ability to fix nitrogen and express contrasting fluorescent proteins, we found that peas demonstrated sanctions in both singly-infected nodules and mixed-infection nodules containing both strains. However, the plant's ability to manage mutualists in mixed-infection nodules traded off with its ability to defend against antagonists: when plants were attacked by aphids, they stopped sanctioning within mixed-infection nodules, and plants that exerted stricter sanctions within nodules during aphid attack accumulated higher levels of the aphid-vectored virus, PEMV. Our findings suggest that plants engaged in defense against antagonists suffer a reduced ability to select for the most beneficial symbionts in mixed-infection tissues. Mixed-infection tissues may be relatively common in this mutualism, and reduced plant sanctions in these tissues could provide a refuge for uncooperative mutualists and compromise the benefit that plants obtain from mutualistic symbionts during antagonist attack. Understanding the conflicting selective pressures plants face in complex biotic environments will be crucial for breeding crop varieties that can maximize benefits from mutualists even when they encounter antagonists.},
}
@article {pmid39741673,
year = {2024},
author = {Alquichire-Rojas, S and Escobar, E and Bascuñán-Godoy, L and González-Teuber, M},
title = {Corrigendum: Root symbiotic fungi improve nitrogen transfer and morpho-physiological performance in Chenopodium quinoa.},
journal = {Frontiers in plant science},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1513724},
doi = {10.3389/fpls.2024.1513724},
pmid = {39741673},
issn = {1664-462X},
abstract = {[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1386234.].},
}
@article {pmid39741417,
year = {2024},
author = {Ye, Q and Zhou, C and Lin, H and Luo, D and Jain, D and Chai, M and Lu, Z and Liu, Z and Roy, S and Dong, J and Wang, ZY and Wang, T},
title = {Medicago2035: Genomes, Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding.},
journal = {Molecular plant},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.molp.2024.12.015},
pmid = {39741417},
issn = {1752-9867},
abstract = {Medicago, a member of the Leguminosae or Fabaceae family, encompasses the most significant forage crops globally, notably alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). Its close diploid relative, Medicago truncatula, serves as an exemplary model plant for investigating leguminous growth and development, as well as its symbiosis with rhizobia. Over the past decade, advancements in Medicago genomics have significantly progressed our understanding of the molecular regulatory mechanisms underlying various traits. In this review, we comprehensively summarize the progress made in the fields of genomics research, growth and development (comprising compound leaf development, shoot branching, flowering time regulation, inflorescence development, floral organ development, and seed dormancy), resistance to abiotic and biotic stresses, symbiotic nitrogen fixation with rhizobia, as well as molecular breeding. Furthermore, we propose avenues for future research endeavors in Medicago molecular biology for the upcoming decade, highlighting those areas that have yet to be untapped or remain ambiguous.},
}
@article {pmid39740726,
year = {2024},
author = {Bhattacharyya, J and Roelke, DL},
title = {Wolbachia-Based Mosquito Control: Environmental Perspectives on Population Suppression and Replacement Strategies.},
journal = {Acta tropica},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {107517},
doi = {10.1016/j.actatropica.2024.107517},
pmid = {39740726},
issn = {1873-6254},
abstract = {Mosquito-borne diseases pose a significant threat to global health, and traditional mosquito control methods often fall short of effectiveness. A promising alternative is the biological control strategy of transinfecting mosquitoes with Wolbachia, a bacterium capable of outcompeting harmful pathogens and reducing the ability of mosquitoes to transmit diseases. However, Wolbachia infections are sensitive to abiotic environmental factors such as temperature and humidity, which can affect their densities in mosquitoes and, consequently, their ability to block pathogens. This review evaluates the effectiveness of different Wolbachia strains transinfected into mosquitoes in reducing mosquito-borne diseases. It explores how Wolbachia contributes to mosquito population control and pathogen interference, highlighting the importance of mathematical models in understanding Wolbachia transmission dynamics. Additionally, the review addresses the potential impact on arboviral transmission and the challenges posed by environmental fluctuations in mosquito control programs.},
}
@article {pmid39740723,
year = {2024},
author = {Duan, Q and Zhang, Y and Li, Z and Xu, Y and Xu, Y and Yang, D and Yang, Y},
title = {Targeted elimination of cariogenic Streptococcus mutans biofilms via Cu,Fe-doped chitosan nanozyme.},
journal = {International journal of biological macromolecules},
volume = {292},
number = {},
pages = {139352},
doi = {10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.139352},
pmid = {39740723},
issn = {1879-0003},
abstract = {Human dental caries is an intractable biofilm-associated disease caused by the symbiotic cariogenic bacteria, but how to target effectively eliminate cariogenic bacterial and their biofilms without affecting normal bacteria still remains great challenges. To address this issue, we reported Cu,Fe-doped chitosan-based nanozyme (i.e. CS@Cu,Fe) that exhibits well peroxidase-like activity at acidic environment of caries, and kill S. mutans and S. sanguinis without impacting the normal S. oralis. The synergistic interaction between Cu and Fe could effectively enhance the efficiency of electron transfer, promoting the production of hydroxyl radicals (·OH) and superoxide radical (·O2[-]) to selectively destroy the biofilm of S. mutans. Compared to curcumin and hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) (control), the chitosan on the surface of CS@Cu,Fe not only showed the synergistic antibacterial activity, but also enabled the selectively eradication of S. mutans biofilm without affecting S. sanguinis and S. oralis biofilms. Furthermore, CS@Cu,Fe also exhibited excellent selective anti-symbiotic caries bacteria and targeted anti-biofilm properties to hybrid biofilm model of these co-existing bacteria under the same oral environment. Therefore, the CS@Cu,Fe nanozyme not only has potential for the treatment of dental biofilms, but also can offer new insights for the design of highly selective antibacterial and antibiofilm nanozyme.},
}
@article {pmid39740085,
year = {2024},
author = {Imhof, D and Vaidya, SM and Rathod, DC and Ramoji, A and Neugebauer, U},
title = {MOLECULAR INSIGHTS INTO THE HEME-BINDING POTENTIAL OF PLANT NCR247-DERIVED PEPTIDES.},
journal = {Chembiochem : a European journal of chemical biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e202400920},
doi = {10.1002/cbic.202400920},
pmid = {39740085},
issn = {1439-7633},
abstract = {Heme is involved in many critical processes in pathogenic bacteria as iron acquisition by these microorganisms is achieved by either direct uptake of heme or use of heme-binding proteins called hemophores. Exploring the underlying mechanisms on a molecular level can open new avenues in understanding the host-pathogen interactions. Any imbalance of the heme concentration has a direct impact on the bacterial growth and survival. Thus, heme-regulated proteins that are involved in heme homeostasis poise to be promising targets for research. Similarly, naturally occurring compounds, including cysteine-rich peptides from either plant secondary metabolites or venom toxins from vertebrates and invertebrates, have been studied for their therapeutic potential. NCR247 is such a cysteine-rich peptide, known to be crucial for nitrogenase activity in M. truncatula and its symbiotic relation with S. meliloti. NCR247-derived peptides were suggested to serve as high-affinity heme-binding molecules with remarkable heme-capturing properties. A comprehensive biochemical and computational analysis of NCR247-derived peptides, however, redefines their heme-binding capacity and consequently their potential therapeutic role.},
}
@article {pmid39739802,
year = {2025},
author = {Vernié, T and Rich, M and Pellen, T and Teyssier, E and Garrigues, V and Chauderon, L and Medioni, L and van Beveren, F and Libourel, C and Keller, J and Girou, C and Lefort, C and Le Ru, A and Martinez, Y and Reinhardt, D and Kodama, K and Shimazaki, S and Morel, P and Kyozuka, J and Mbengue, M and Vandenbussche, M and Delaux, PM},
title = {Conservation of symbiotic signaling since the most recent common ancestor of land plants.},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
volume = {122},
number = {1},
pages = {e2408539121},
doi = {10.1073/pnas.2408539121},
pmid = {39739802},
issn = {1091-6490},
support = {101001675//EC | European Research Council (ERC)/ ; ANR-10-LABX-41//Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR)/ ; ANR-18-EURE-0019//Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR)/ ; },
mesh = {*Symbiosis/genetics ; *Mycorrhizae/genetics/physiology ; *Marchantia/genetics ; Signal Transduction/genetics ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Embryophyta/genetics ; Biological Evolution ; Transcriptome ; Plant Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; },
abstract = {Plants have colonized lands 450 million years ago. This terrestrialization was facilitated by developmental and functional innovations. Recent evo-devo approaches have demonstrated that one of these innovations was the mutualistic arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis (AMS). The genetic pathways that have been involved in the establishment and functioning of AMS since its evolution remain poorly described. Here, we found that intracellular colonization by AM fungi induces a transcriptional reporter of the common symbiosis pathway, well-described in angiosperms, in the liverwort Marchantia paleacea. Mutants of either of the three main genes of this pathway, SYMRK, CCaMK, and CYCLOPS, disrupt the ability of M. paleacea to associate with AM fungi. Finally, overexpressing gain-of-function CCaMK or CYCLOPS leads to convergent transcriptomic signatures that partially overlap with AMS. Altogether, our data indicate that plants have maintained three genes of the common symbiotic pathway to support symbiotic interactions since their most recent common ancestor.},
}
@article {pmid39739329,
year = {2024},
author = {Nguyen, VT and Le, TN and Huynh, DD and Le, VA and Do, QH and Vo, TD},
title = {Maximizing nutrient removal: unveiling the influence of biomass retention time in revolving algae biofilm reactor.},
journal = {Environmental technology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-11},
doi = {10.1080/09593330.2024.2445325},
pmid = {39739329},
issn = {1479-487X},
abstract = {This study introduces a novel Revolving Algae Biofilm reactor for synthetic wastewater treatment, examining the influence of various biomass retention times (BRTs) on nutrient removal performance. The study reveals complex interactions between microalgae and bacteria, emphasizing their symbiotic functions in oxygen provision, nutrient absorption, and floc creation. This research contributes to the advancement of sustainable wastewater treatment methods, showing promise for large-scale nutrient removal in industrial settings. The biomass retention time of 3 days (BRT-3) emerges as the most suitable condition for efficient nutrient removal. Specifically, in the BRT-3 period, the reactor can remove up to 97% of NH4-N, 94% of total phosphorus, and 92% of COD. NH4-N was also effectively assimilated to NO2-N and NO3-N, underscoring the efficiency of the nitrification process. While BRT-7 exhibits a noteworthy algae growth rate when it reaches the maximum rate of 3 mg/L.day. Continual investigation into the interplay between microalgae and bacteria is essential for enhancing system efficiency in future wastewater treatment applications.},
}
@article {pmid39739081,
year = {2024},
author = {Pramparo, RDP and Vezza, ME and Wevar Oller, AL and Talano, MA and Agostini, E},
title = {Assessing the impact of arsenic on symbiotic and free-living PGPB: plant growth promoting traits, bacterial compatibility and adhesion on soybean seed.},
journal = {World journal of microbiology &amp; biotechnology},
volume = {41},
number = {1},
pages = {20},
pmid = {39739081},
issn = {1573-0972},
support = {PICT 2143/17//Agencia Nacional de Promoci&#xf3;n Cient&#xed;fica y Tecnol&#xf3;gica/ ; PICT 2143/17//Agencia Nacional de Promoci&#xf3;n Cient&#xed;fica y Tecnol&#xf3;gica/ ; PICT 2143/17//Agencia Nacional de Promoci&#xf3;n Cient&#xed;fica y Tecnol&#xf3;gica/ ; PICT 2143/17//Agencia Nacional de Promoci&#xf3;n Cient&#xed;fica y Tecnol&#xf3;gica/ ; PICT 2143/17//Agencia Nacional de Promoci&#xf3;n Cient&#xed;fica y Tecnol&#xf3;gica/ ; },
mesh = {*Glycine max/microbiology/growth &amp; development ; *Arsenic/metabolism ; *Seeds/microbiology/growth &amp; development ; *Symbiosis ; *Bradyrhizobium/physiology/metabolism ; *Nitrogen Fixation ; *Soil Microbiology ; Bacillus/physiology/metabolism ; Bacterial Adhesion ; Pseudomonas ; Soil Pollutants/metabolism ; Argentina ; Phosphates/metabolism ; Indoleacetic Acids/metabolism ; Plant Root Nodulation ; },
abstract = {Arsenic (As) contamination in agricultural groundwater and soil is a significant economic and health problem worldwide. It inhibits soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) nodulation and biological nitrogen fixation in symbiosis with Bradyrhizobium japonicum E109 (E109), a commonly used rhizobial strain for commercial biofertiliser formulation in Argentina. In the context of sustainable and climate-smart agriculture promoted by FAO, co-inoculating legumes with As-tolerant plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) is suggested as a superior alternative to single inoculation. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of As on plant growth-promoting (PGP) traits -siderophore and indole acetic acid production, phosphate solubilisation, diazotrophic activity and hydrolytic enzymes activity- in E109 and three other PGPB strains: Pseudomonas sp. AW4 (AW4), Bacillus pumilus SF5 (SF5) and Bacillus toyonensis SFC 500-1E (Bt). In addition, bacterial compatibility and adhesion on soybean seed were evaluated. Arsenic significantly reduced PGP traits of E109 even at low concentrations, AW4's traits remained unchanged, while those of SF5 and Bt traits were affected (positively or negatively) only at the highest concentrations tested (500 µM arsenate, 250 µM arsenite). All PGPB strains were compatible with E109 under both control and As-stress conditions. Soybean seed adhesion was reduced for E109, only under As stress. Findings suggest that the effect of As on PGP traits is highly strain-dependent and influenced by As concentration and speciation. AW4, SF5, and Bt strains show promise for co-inoculation with E109 in soybean cultivation.},
}
@article {pmid39738700,
year = {2024},
author = {Rejili, M and Bouznif, B and Benabderrahim, MA and Mars, M},
title = {Multilocus sequencing analysis of the rhizobial symbionts isolated from Acacia salicina (Lindl.) grown in different regions in Tunisia reveals putative novel Bradyrhizobium species.},
journal = {World journal of microbiology &amp; biotechnology},
volume = {41},
number = {1},
pages = {22},
pmid = {39738700},
issn = {1573-0972},
support = {IMSIU-RP23006//Deanship of Scientific Research at Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University/ ; },
mesh = {*Acacia/microbiology ; *Bradyrhizobium/genetics/classification/isolation &amp; purification ; *Phylogeny ; *Symbiosis ; Tunisia ; *Multilocus Sequence Typing ; *DNA, Bacterial/genetics ; Bacterial Proteins/genetics ; Genes, Essential/genetics ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics ; Genes, Bacterial/genetics ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Root Nodules, Plant/microbiology ; Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Technique ; },
abstract = {In this study, we investigated various chromosomal and symbiotic markers in 40 bacterial strains that nodulate an invasive alien plant, Acacia salicina Lindl. in Tunisia. Our findings showed that the native rhizobia associated to A. salicina are grouped into eight distinct RAPD electrophoretic types (RETs) (genotypes). Sequence analyses of rrs gene and three housekeeping genes (recA, rpoB and glnII) assigned sixteen isolates to three putative new lineages within the genus Bradyrhizobium. Seven strains clustered with B. rifense CTAW71[T] with a 91% bootstrap support, five strains grouped with B. niftali CNPSo3448[T] with a very low bootstrap support (60%), and four strains formed a group phylogenetically related with B. shewense ERR11[T] and B. centrosematis A9[T]. Based on nodC phylogeny and cross inoculation tests, the 16 strains are clustered within symbiovar retamae (six strains) and cyanophyllae (ten strains). Moreover, we showed by the first time in this work that the type strains B. diversitatis CNPSo4019[T] and B. xenonodulans 14AB[T], which nodulated soybean and A. dealbata respectively, belong to the symbiovar cyanophyllae according to the results of the nodC gene analysis.},
}
@article {pmid39738473,
year = {2024},
author = {Lem, M and Rh, H and Dg, B and Barkhouse, A and Miller, DW and Raun, N and Sa, A},
title = {The caterpillar Manduca sexta brain shows changes in gene expression and protein abundance correlating with parasitic manipulation of behaviour.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {14},
number = {1},
pages = {31773},
pmid = {39738473},
issn = {2045-2322},
support = {RGPIN-2024-03847//Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada/ ; RGPIN-2024-03847//Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada/ ; RGPIN-2024-03847//Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada/ ; RGPIN-2024-03847//Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada/ ; RGPIN-2024-03847//Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada/ ; RGPIN-2024-03847//Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Manduca/virology ; *Wasps/virology/physiology ; *Brain/metabolism/virology ; Female ; Behavior, Animal ; Host-Parasite Interactions/genetics ; Insect Proteins/metabolism/genetics ; Polydnaviridae/genetics/metabolism ; Transcriptome ; Proteomics/methods ; Gene Expression Regulation ; },
abstract = {The parasitic wasp, Cotesia congregata, manipulates the behaviour of its host, the caterpillar Manduca sexta. The female wasp injects her eggs and a symbiotic virus (i.e. bracovirus, CcBV) into the body of its host. The host's behaviour remains unchanged until the wasps exit the caterpillar, and then the caterpillar becomes a non-feeding "bodyguard" for the wasp cocoons. Using proteomic, transcriptomic and qPCR studies, we discovered an increase in antimicrobial peptide gene expression and protein abundance in the host central nervous system at the time of wasp emergence, correlating with the change in host behaviour. These results support the hypothesis that the wasps hyperactivate an immune-neural connection to help create the change in behaviour. At the time of wasp emergence, there was also an increase in bracoviral gene expression and proteins in the host brain, suggesting that the bracovirus may also be involved in altering host behaviour. Other changes in gene expression and protein abundance suggest that synaptic transmission may be altered after wasp emergence, and a reduction in descending neural activity from the host's brain provides indirect support for this hypothesis.},
}
@article {pmid39738179,
year = {2024},
author = {Liu, X and Rao, Z and Han, R and Jin, L and Cao, L},
title = {Genes involved in DMSO-mediated yield increase of entomopathogenic nematodes.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {14},
number = {1},
pages = {31670},
pmid = {39738179},
issn = {2045-2322},
support = {2020B020224002//Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province&#xff1b;/ ; 2020B020224002//Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province&#xff1b;/ ; 2020B020224002//Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province&#xff1b;/ ; 202206010120//Guangzhou Science and Technology Project/ ; 202206010120//Guangzhou Science and Technology Project/ ; 202206010120//Guangzhou Science and Technology Project/ ; (2022GDASZH-2022010101//GDAS Special Project of Science and Technology Development/ ; (2022GDASZH-2022010101//GDAS Special Project of Science and Technology Development/ ; (2022GDASZH-2022010101//GDAS Special Project of Science and Technology Development/ ; 110202001034 (LS-03)//Science &amp; Technology Project of Yunnan Tobacco Company/ ; 110202001034 (LS-03)//Science &amp; Technology Project of Yunnan Tobacco Company/ ; 2020530000241010//China Tobacco (Yunnan) Company Limited/ ; 2020530000241010//China Tobacco (Yunnan) Company Limited/ ; Qiankehezhongyindi [2024] 007//the Central Government Guides Local Science and Technology Development Fund Projects/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Dimethyl Sulfoxide/pharmacology ; RNA Interference ; Transcriptome ; Rhabditoidea/genetics ; Helminth Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Rhabditida/genetics ; Gene Expression Profiling/methods ; },
abstract = {Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) associated with their symbiotic bacteria can effectively kill insect pests, in agriculture, forestry and floriculture. Industrial-scale production techniques for EPNs have been established, including solid and liquid monoculture systems. It is found that supplement of 0.01% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) to the culture medium significantly enhances the recovery and infective juvenile yield of these nematodes. However, the specific nematode genes responding to DMSO is not yet clear. This study identified differentially expressed genes and associated enriched pathways by analyzing the transcriptomic response of Heterorhabditis bacteriophora H06 in the liquid medium containing 0.01% DMSO, and validated the function of the selected genes using RNA interference (RNAi). 11 upregulated and 295 downregulated genes were detected in the hermaphrodites of H. bacteriophora H06 at 3 days beforee egg formation, following DMSO treatment. The biological processes involved included regulation of biological processes, metabolism, binding, signal transduction, post-transcriptional modifications, metabolism, and protein folding. By using RNAi, knockdown of three genes, Hint module, PAN domain protein, and Dpy-13, significantly regulated the egg load (at least a 17% increase in eggs per hermaphroditic adult) and the yield of infective juveniles (at least a 48% increase), in an optimized 96-well plates containing the medium with 1.6% nutrient broth, 1% corn oil and 1.2% agar, without DMSO. qRT-PCR results confirmed that the expression levels of the knockdown genes decreased significantly, compared to the control. These results demonstrate that DMSO regulates nematode gravidity by suppressing at least three selected genes, thereby enhancing IJ yield, providing molecular cues for understanding how DMSO regulates the EPN yield, and a new technology for enhancing nematode commercial production.},
}
@article {pmid39738126,
year = {2024},
author = {Zhang, S and Song, W and Marinos, G and Waschina, S and Zimmermann, J and Kaleta, C and Thomas, T},
title = {Genome-scale metabolic modelling reveals interactions and key roles of symbiont clades in a sponge holobiont.},
journal = {Nature communications},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {10858},
pmid = {39738126},
issn = {2041-1723},
mesh = {*Symbiosis ; *Porifera/microbiology/metabolism ; Animals ; *Microbiota/genetics ; *Metabolic Networks and Pathways/genetics ; Bacteria/metabolism/genetics/classification ; Phylogeny ; Genome ; Genome, Bacterial ; Models, Biological ; Metagenomics/methods ; },
abstract = {Sponges harbour complex microbiomes and as ancient metazoans and important ecosystem players are emerging as powerful models to understand the evolution and ecology of symbiotic interactions. Metagenomic studies have previously described the functional features of sponge symbionts, however, little is known about the metabolic interactions and processes that occur under different environmental conditions. To address this issue, we construct here constraint-based, genome-scale metabolic networks for the microbiome of the sponge Stylissa sp. Our models define the importance of sponge-derived nutrients for microbiome stability and discover how different organic inputs can result in net heterotrophy or autotrophy of the symbiont community. The analysis further reveals the key role that a newly discovered bacterial taxon has in cross-feeding activities and how it dynamically adjusts with nutrient inputs. Our study reveals insights into the functioning of a sponge microbiome and provides a framework to further explore and define metabolic interactions in holobionts.},
}
@article {pmid39738104,
year = {2024},
author = {Aphaiso, B and Piromyou, P and Boonchuen, P and Songwattana, P and Wongdee, J and Greetatorn, T and Teamtisong, K and Camuel, A and Tittabutr, P and Boonkerd, N and Giraud, E and Teaumroong, N},
title = {A new type III effector from Bradyrhizobium sp. DOA9 encoding a putative SUMO-protease blocks nodulation in Arachis hypogaea L.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {14},
number = {1},
pages = {31646},
pmid = {39738104},
issn = {2045-2322},
support = {N11A670769//JSPS-NRCT by National Research Council of Thailand/ ; N11A670769//JSPS-NRCT by National Research Council of Thailand/ ; N11A670769//JSPS-NRCT by National Research Council of Thailand/ ; N11A670769//JSPS-NRCT by National Research Council of Thailand/ ; N11A670769//JSPS-NRCT by National Research Council of Thailand/ ; N11A670769//JSPS-NRCT by National Research Council of Thailand/ ; B16F640113//The NSRF via the Program Management Unit for Human Resources &amp; Institutional Development, Research and Innovation/ ; B16F640113//The NSRF via the Program Management Unit for Human Resources &amp; Institutional Development, Research and Innovation/ ; B16F640113//The NSRF via the Program Management Unit for Human Resources &amp; Institutional Development, Research and Innovation/ ; B16F640113//The NSRF via the Program Management Unit for Human Resources &amp; Institutional Development, Research and Innovation/ ; B16F640113//The NSRF via the Program Management Unit for Human Resources &amp; Institutional Development, Research and Innovation/ ; B16F640113//The NSRF via the Program Management Unit for Human Resources &amp; Institutional Development, Research and Innovation/ ; ANR-20-CE20-0012//French National Research Agency/ ; ANR-20-CE20-0012//French National Research Agency/ ; },
mesh = {*Bradyrhizobium/metabolism/physiology/genetics ; *Arachis/microbiology/metabolism ; *Symbiosis ; *Plant Root Nodulation ; *Bacterial Proteins/metabolism/genetics ; Type III Secretion Systems/metabolism/genetics ; Oxylipins/metabolism ; Cyclopentanes/metabolism ; Mutation ; },
abstract = {Effector proteins secreted via the type III secretion system (T3SS) of nitrogen-fixing rhizobia are key determinants of symbiotic compatibility in legumes. Previous report revealed that the T3SS of Bradyrhizobium sp. DOA9 plays negative effects on Arachis hypogaea symbiosis. In this study, we characterized the symbiotic role of 4 effector proteins (p0490, p0871, SkP48, and p0903) containing the small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) protease domain identified in DOA9 during symbiosis. While the DOA9 strain and the two mutants of SUMO-proteases, p0490 and p0871, induced inefficient nodulation in A. hypogaea, the mutation of SUMO-proteases SkP48 or p0903 promoted efficient symbiosis comparable to the type strain Bradyrhizobium arachidis CCBAU051107. Complementation study of ∆p0903 with various mutated forms of p0903 highlighted importance of ubiquitin-like protein (ULP) domain in restriction of nodulation in A. hypogaea. We observed the accumulation of jasmonic acid (JA) and upregulation of several defence genes involved in the JA/ethylene (ET) signalling pathway at the early stage of infection in roots inoculated with DOA9 strain compared with those inoculated with the DOA9-∆p0903 strain. Our data highlight the importance of SUMO-protease effectors during the symbiotic interaction between bradyrhizobia and A. hypogaea, which could be useful for the development of high-performance inocula to improve its growth.},
}
@article {pmid39736847,
year = {2024},
author = {Sher, AW and Tournay, RJ and Gomez-Rivas, E and Doty, SL},
title = {Bacterial synergies amplify nitrogenase activity in diverse systems.},
journal = {ISME communications},
volume = {4},
number = {1},
pages = {ycae158},
pmid = {39736847},
issn = {2730-6151},
abstract = {Endophytes are microbes living within plant tissue, with some having the capacity to fix atmospheric nitrogen in both a free-living state and within their plant host. They are part of a diverse microbial community whose interactions sometimes result in a more productive symbiosis with the host plant. Here, we report the co-isolation of diazotrophic endophytes with synergistic partners sourced from two separate nutrient-limited sites. In the presence of these synergistic strains, the nitrogen-fixing activity of the diazotroph is amplified. One such partnership was co-isolated from extracts of plants from a nutrient-limited Hawaiian lava field and another from the roots of Populus trees on a nutrient-limited gravel bar in the Pacific Northwest. The synergistic strains were capable of increasing the nitrogenase activity of different diazotrophic species from other environments, perhaps indicating that these endophytic microbial interactions are common to environments where nutrients are particularly limited. Multiple overlapping mechanisms seem to be involved in this interaction. Though synergistic strains are likely capable of protecting nitrogenase from oxygen, another mechanism seems evident in both environments. The synergies do not depend exclusively on physical contact, indicating a secreted compound may be involved. This work offers insights into beneficial microbial interactions, providing potential avenues for optimizing inocula for use in agriculture.},
}
@article {pmid39736489,
year = {2024},
author = {Agathokleous, E and Calabrese, EJ and Veresoglou, SD},
title = {The microbiome orchestrates contaminant low-dose phytostimulation.},
journal = {Trends in plant science},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.tplants.2024.11.019},
pmid = {39736489},
issn = {1878-4372},
abstract = {Our understanding of the physiological mechanisms of the plant hormetic response to countless environmental contaminants is rapidly advancing. However, the microbiome is a critical determinant of plant responses to stressors, thus possibly influencing hormetic responses. Here, we review the otherwise neglected role of microbes in shaping plant stimulation by subtoxic concentrations of contaminants and vice versa. Numerous contaminants at subtoxic levels enhance microorganisms and proliferate symbionts, such as mycorrhizae and other plant beneficial microbes, leading to both direct and indirect improvements in plant physiological performance. Microbial symbiosis facilitates nutrient uptake by plants, indicating an important contribution of symbionts to phytostimulation under subtoxic contamination. We also discuss the mechanisms and implications of the stimulation of plant-microbe systems by subtoxic contaminants.},
}
@article {pmid39736427,
year = {2024},
author = {Liu, J and Yang, B and Chen, X and Zhang, T and Zhang, H and Du, Y and Zhao, Q and Zhang, Z and Cai, D and Liu, J and Chen, H and Zhao, L},
title = {ZmL75 is required for colonization by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and for saline-alkali tolerance in maize.},
journal = {Journal of genetics and genomics = Yi chuan xue bao},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.jgg.2024.12.015},
pmid = {39736427},
issn = {1673-8527},
abstract = {Saline-alkali soil severely reduces the productivity of crops, including maize (Zea mays). Although several genes associated with saline-alkali tolerance have been identified in maize, the underlying regulatory mechanism remains elusive. Here, we report a direct link between colonization by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and saline-alkali tolerance in maize. We identify s75, a natural maize mutant that cannot survive under moderate saline-alkali soil conditions or establish AM symbioses. The saline-alkali hypersensitive phenotype of s75 is caused by a 1,340-bp deletion in Zm00001d033915, designated as ZmL75. This gene encodes a glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase localized in the endoplasmic reticulum, and is responsible for AMF colonization. ZmL75 expression levels in roots correspond with the root length colonization (RLC) rate during early vegetative development. Notably, the s75 mutant line shows a complete loss of AMF colonization, along with alterations in the diversity and structure of its root fungal microbiota. Conversely, overexpression of ZmL75 increases the RLC rate and enhances tolerance to saline-alkali soil conditions. These results suggest that ZmL75 is required for symbiosis with AMF, which directly improves saline-alkali tolerance. Our findings provide insights into maize-AMF interactions and offer a potential strategy for maize improvement.},
}
@article {pmid39735190,
year = {2024},
author = {Gao, M and Yuan, X and Ji, Z and Yang, B and Li, H and Zhang, B},
title = {Great diverse rhizobial community nodulating Astragalus mongholicus in the northeastern region of China.},
journal = {Frontiers in microbiology},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1507637},
pmid = {39735190},
issn = {1664-302X},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Astragalus mongholicus Bunge is an important medicinal legume species widely cultivated in northeastern China (NEC) and northwestern China (NWC) and can establish a symbiotic relationship with nitrogen-fixing rhizobial strains. However, there are limited reports comparing the genetic diversity, differentiation, and gene flow of rhizobial strains associated with this plant in different geographic regions.<br><br>METHODS: We used multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) to investigate the phylogeny and genetic diversity of rhizobia and to estimate their intra- and inter-regional gene flow and genetic differentiation based on the analysis of concatenated core genes (recA, atpD, and glnII) and the critical symbiotic gene nodC.<br><br>RESULTS: We isolated eight known and three novel genospecies representing four genera, among which Rhizobium yanglingense was the most predominant microsymbiont. Phylogenetic analysis revealed a highly diverse rhizobial community nodulating Astragalus mongholicus in NEC, consisting of the four genera Rhizobium, Bradyrhizobium, Sinorhizobium, and Mesorhizobium. This community differed markedly from the rhizobial community found in NWC. Various rhizobial genospecies with different symbiotic gene nodC sequences were capable of nodulating A. mongholicus in NEC. Therefore, A. mongholicus exhibits promiscuity in its association with symbionts in the natural environment, showing no strong preference for either the species-defining core genes or the symbiotic genes of rhizobia. We also found that the Glyco_tranf_GTA_type superfamily (Glycosyltransferase family A) is the most highly conserved and essential domain in the NodC protein, which is encoded by the symbiotic nodC gene, across nodulating rhizobia. In addition, we found independent genetic differentiation among rhizobial communities geographically, and the frequency of gene flow among microsymbionts between NEC and NWC was low. We speculate that the formation of the highly diverse rhizobial community in NEC resulted from the independent evolution of each ancestral lineage. This diversity likely arose from intraregional genetic differentiation driven by mutations rather than recombination.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Ecogeographical isolation between NEC and NWC restricted inter-regional genetic drift and gene flow. Therefore, intraregional genetic differentiation is the major evolutionary force underlying the genetic diversity of rhizobia.},
}
@article {pmid39735181,
year = {2024},
author = {Trefault, N},
title = {Editorial: Impact of anthropogenic stressors on marine sponge holobiomes.},
journal = {Frontiers in microbiology},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1533416},
pmid = {39735181},
issn = {1664-302X},
}
@article {pmid39734744,
year = {2024},
author = {Li, M and Li, W and Wang, C and Ji, L and Han, K and Gong, J and Dong, S and Wang, H and Zhu, X and Du, B and Liu, K and Jiang, J and Wang, C},
title = {Growth-promoting effects of self-selected microbial community on wheat seedlings in saline-alkali soil environments.},
journal = {Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology},
volume = {12},
number = {},
pages = {1464195},
pmid = {39734744},
issn = {2296-4185},
abstract = {Saline-alkali land is a type of soil environment that causes poor crop growth and low yields. Its management and utilization are, therefore of great significance for increasing arable land resources, ensuring food security, and enhancing agricultural production capacity. The application of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) is an effective way to promote the establishment of symbiotic relationships between plants and the rhizosphere microenvironment, plant growth and development, and plant resistance to saline-alkali stress. In this study, multiple saline-alkali-resistant bacteria were screened from a saline-alkali land environment and some of them were found to have significantly promotive effects on the growth of wheat seedlings under saline-alkali stress. Using these PGPR, a compound microbial community was selectively obtained from the root-zone soil environment of wheat seedlings, and the metagenomic sequencing analysis of wheat root-zone soil microbiomes was performed. As a result, a compound microbial agent with a Kocuria dechangensis 5-33:Rossellomorea aquimaris S-3:Bacillus subtilis BJYX:Bacillus velezensis G51-1 ratio of 275:63:5:1 was obtained through the self-selection of wheat seedlings. The synthetic compound microbial agent significantly improved the growth of wheat seedlings in saline-alkali soil, as the physiological plant height, aboveground and underground fresh weights, and aboveground and underground dry weights of 21-day-old wheat seedlings were increased by 27.39% (p < 0.01), 147.33% (p < 0.01), 282.98% (p < 0.01), 194.86% (p < 0.01), and 218.60% (p < 0.01), respectively. The promoting effect of this compound microbial agent was also greater than that of each strain on the growth of wheat seedlings. This microbial agent could also regulate some enzyme activities of wheat seedlings and the saline-alkali soil, thereby, promoting the growth of these seedlings. In this study, we analyze an efficient microbial agent and the theoretical basis for promoting the growth of wheat seedlings under saline-alkali stress, thereby, suggesting an important solution for the management and utilization of saline-alkali land.},
}
@article {pmid39733528,
year = {2024},
author = {Su, Y and Gao, L and Xu, EG and Peng, L and Diao, X and Zhang, Y and Bao, R},
title = {When microplastics meet microalgae: Unveiling the dynamic formation of aggregates and their impact on toxicity and environmental health.},
journal = {Water research},
volume = {273},
number = {},
pages = {123008},
doi = {10.1016/j.watres.2024.123008},
pmid = {39733528},
issn = {1879-2448},
abstract = {Microplastics (MPs) commonly coexist with microalgae in aquatic environments, can heteroaggregate during their interaction, and potentially affect the migration and impacts of MPs in aquatic environments. The hetero-aggregation may also influence the fate of other pollutants through MPs' adsorption or alter their aquatic toxicity. Here, we explored the hetero-aggregation process and its key driving mechanism that occurred between green microalga Chlorella vulgaris (with a cell size of 2-10 μm) and two types of MPs (polystyrene and polylactide, 613 μm). Furthermore, we investigated the environmental impacts of the microplastics-microalgae aggregates (MPs-microalgae aggregates) by comparing their adsorption of Cu(II) with that of pristine MPs and evaluating the effects of hetero-aggregation on MPs aging and their toxicity to microalgae. Our results indicated that microalgal colonization occurred on the surface of MPs, possibly through electrostatic interactions, hole-filling, hydrophilic interactions, and algae-bacteria symbiosis. The hetero-aggregation led to a stronger Cu(II) adsorption by MPs-microalgae aggregates than pristine MPs due to electrostatic interactions, coordination, complexation, and ion exchange. Exposure to either MPs (pristine or aged) or Cu(II) inhibited the cell growth of C. vulgaris, while the integrated biomarker response (IBR) showed more pronounced inhibitory effects resulting from aged MPs compared to pristine MPs and an antagonistic effect on microalgae was caused by the co-exposure to MPs and Cu(II). These findings suggest that the hetero-aggregation of MPs and microalgae may alter their environmental fates and co-pollutant toxicity.},
}
@article {pmid39733447,
year = {2024},
author = {Schütz, JT and Kleyböcker, A and Larsen, SB and Kristensen, M and Remy, C and Miehe, U},
title = {Modelling and set-point definition for the development of a joint control system of two interconnected wastewater treatment plants and its application in practice.},
journal = {Water science and technology : a journal of the International Association on Water Pollution Research},
volume = {90},
number = {12},
pages = {3149-3165},
pmid = {39733447},
issn = {0273-1223},
mesh = {*Waste Disposal, Fluid/methods ; *Models, Theoretical ; Wastewater ; Sewage ; Water Purification/methods ; Nitrogen ; },
abstract = {The use of activated sludge models (ASMs) is a common way in the field of wastewater engineering in terms of plant design, development, optimization, and testing of stand-alone treatment plants. The focus of this study was the development of a joint control system (JCS) for a municipal wastewater treatment plant (mWWTP) and an upstream industrial wastewater treatment plant (iWWTP) to create synergies for saving aeration energy. Therefore, an ASM3 + BioP model of the mWWTP was developed to test different scenarios and to find the best set-points for the novel JCS. A predictive equation for the total nitrogen load (TN) coming from the iWWTP was developed based on real-time data. The predictive TN equation together with an optimized aeration strategy, based on the modelling results, was implemented as JCS. First results of the implementation of the JCS in the real environment showed an increase in energy efficiency for TN removal.},
}
@article {pmid39732694,
year = {2024},
author = {Zalzala, SHA and Al-Hashimi, BAS and Zalzala, ZHA and Fahad, KS},
title = {Effects of specific symbiotic supplements on anthropometric measurements, glycaemic control, and lipid profiles among individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus in two teaching hospitals in Baghdad/Iraq: a double-blinded, randomised placebo-controlled trial.},
journal = {BMC nutrition},
volume = {10},
number = {1},
pages = {165},
pmid = {39732694},
issn = {2055-0928},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Experimental and clinical studies have suggested that symbiotics might effectively manage type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) by modulating the intestinal microbiota. However, these studies' limited sources, small sample sizes, and varied study designs have led to inconsistent outcomes regarding glycaemic control. This study aimed to investigate the effects of symbiotics on the anthropometric measures, glycaemic control, and lipid profiles of patients with T2DM.<br><br>METHODS: A double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel clinical trial was conducted at two diabetes outpatient clinics. The main researcher and participants were blinded to the capsule content throughout the study. Sixty-six patients with T2DM aged 30-75 years were randomly allocated, using even and odd numbers, into two equal groups. These groups received either symbiotic capsules containing 200 million colony-forming units plus fructo-oligosaccharide or a placebo for 12 weeks. The primary objective was a decrement in glycated haemoglobin [HbA1c]. The patients' anthropometric measures, fasting blood sugar, high-density lipoprotein [HDL], low-density lipoprotein [LDL], total serum cholesterol and serum triglyceride levels were also assessed at baseline and after 12&#xa0;weeks of intervention. Non-parametric tests were used for statistical analyses.<br><br>RESULTS: Within-group analysis revealed significant decreases in body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (P&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.005 and 0.023, respectively) and a significant increase in HDL levels in the symbiotic group (P&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.04). HbA1c levels significantly increased in the placebo group (P&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.016) but were not significantly reduced in the symbiotic group. The between-group analysis revealed significantly lower fasting blood sugar (FBS) levels in the symbiotic group, and higher in the placebo group (P&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.02). No significant changes existed in total serum cholesterol, LDL, and triglyceride levels in either the symbiotic or placebo group.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Symbiotics improve BMI, waist circumference, HDL, and FBS levels and prevent the worsening of HbA1c levels in patients with T2DM. Our preliminary results indicate the potential benefits of symbiotics in patients with T2DM, which may lead to better diabetes control. However, this evidence requires further assessment in larger trials.<br><br>TRIAL REGISTRATION: The trial was registered retrospectively at the International Standard Registered Clinical/Social Study Number Registry (ISRCTN34652973) on 05/01/2024.},
}
@article {pmid39732661,
year = {2024},
author = {Liu, B and Yu, T and Ren, R and Wu, N and Xing, N and Wang, J and Wu, W and Cao, X and Zhang, J},
title = {Onco-mNGS facilitates rapid and precise identification of the etiology of fever of unknown origin: a single-centre prospective study in North China.},
journal = {BMC infectious diseases},
volume = {24},
number = {1},
pages = {1475},
pmid = {39732661},
issn = {1471-2334},
mesh = {Humans ; *Fever of Unknown Origin/etiology/diagnosis ; Prospective Studies ; Female ; Male ; China/epidemiology ; Middle Aged ; Adult ; Aged ; Neoplasms/complications/genetics ; Young Adult ; },
abstract = {OBJECTIVES: Delayed diagnosis of patients with Fever of Unknown Origin has long been a daunting clinical challenge. Onco-mNGS, which can accurately diagnose infectious agents and identify suspected tumor signatures by analyzing host chromosome copy number changes, has been widely used to assist identifying complex etiologies. However, the application of Onco-mNGS to improve FUO etiological screening has never been studied before.<br><br>METHODS: In this single-centre prospective study, we included 65 patients with classic FUO, who were randomly divided into control group (sample cultivation) and mNGS group (cultivation&#x2009;+&#x2009;Onco-mNGS). We analyzed the infectious agents and symbiotic microbiological, tumor and clinical data of both groups.<br><br>RESULTS: Infection-related pathogenic detection efficiency rose from 25% (control group) to 48.48% (experimental group). Seven patients with chromosome copy number changes had later been confirmed tumors, indicating a 100% of clinical concordance rate of Onco-mNGS for tumors. In addition, the time frame for diagnosing or ruling out infection/tumor with Onco-mNGS had greatly reduced to approximately 2&#xa0;days, which was 7.34&#xa0;days earlier than that in the control group.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Onco-mNGS is an ideal rapid diagnostic aid to assist improving the early diagnostic efficiency of FUO-associated diseases.},
}
@article {pmid39732435,
year = {2024},
author = {Costa, MAC and Silva Duarte, VD and Fraiz, GM and Cardoso, RR and da Silva, A and Martino, HSD and Santos D'Almeida, CTD and Ferreira, MSL and Corich, V and Hamaker, BR and Giacomini, A and Bressan, J and Barros, FAR},
title = {Regular Consumption of Black Tea Kombucha Modulates the Gut Microbiota in Individuals with and Without Obesity.},
journal = {The Journal of nutrition},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.12.013},
pmid = {39732435},
issn = {1541-6100},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Kombucha, a fermented beverage obtained from a Symbiotic Culture of Bacteria and Yeast (SCOBY), has shown potential in modulating gut microbiota, although no clinical trials have been done.<br><br>OBJECTIVE: We aimed to evaluate the effects of regular black tea kombucha consumption on intestinal health in individuals with and without obesity.<br><br>METHODS: A pre-post clinical intervention study was conducted lasting eight weeks. Forty-six participants were allocated into two groups: normal weight + black tea kombucha (n=23); and obese + black tea kombucha (n=23). Blood, urine, and stool samples were collected at baseline (T0) and after 8 weeks of intervention (T8).<br><br>RESULTS: A total of 145 phenolic compounds were identified in the kombucha, primarily flavonoids (81%) and phenolic acids (19%). Kombucha favored commensal bacteria such as Bacteroidota and Akkermanciaceae, especially in the obese group. Subdoligranulum, a butyrate producer, also increased in the obese group after kombucha consumption (p=0.031). Obesity-associated genera Ruminococcus and Dorea were elevated in the obese group at baseline (p<0.05) and reduced after kombucha consumption, becoming similar to the normal weight group (Ruminococcus: obese T8 x normal weight T8: p=0.27; Dorea: obese T8 x normal weight T0: p=0.57; obese T8 x normal weight T8: p=0.32). Fungal diversity increased, with a greater abundance of Saccharomyces in both groups and reductions in Exophiala and Rhodotorula, particularly in the obese group. Pichia and Dekkera, key microorganisms in kombucha, were identified as biomarkers after the intervention.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Regular kombucha consumption positively influenced gut microbiota in both normal and obese groups, with more pronounced effects in the obese group, suggesting that it may be especially beneficial for those individuals.<br><br>REGISTRATION ID AND URL: This study is registered on the Brazilian Clinical Trial Registry - ReBEC (UTN code U1111-1263-9550); available at <https://ensaiosclinicos.gov.br/rg/RBR-9832wsx>.<br><br>CLINICAL TRIAL STATEMENT: This study was conducted according to the guidelines established in the Declaration of Helsinki and the procedures were approved by the National Research Ethics Committee - CONEP/Brazil (registration no. 3.948.033). Written informed consent was obtained from all subjects. This study is registered on the Brazilian Clinical Trial Registry (ReBEC), available at <https://ensaiosclinicos.gov.br/rg/RBR-9832wsx> (UTN code U1111-1263-9550).},
}
@article {pmid39731654,
year = {2024},
author = {Rahimlou, S and Hosseyni Moghadam, MS and Gazis, R and Karlsen-Ayala, E and Bahram, M and James, TY and Tedersoo, L},
title = {Unveiling root nodulation in Tribulus terrestris and Roystonea regia via metagenomics analysis.},
journal = {Molecular genetics and genomics : MGG},
volume = {300},
number = {1},
pages = {9},
pmid = {39731654},
issn = {1617-4623},
support = {1399PUT//Estonian Research Council/ ; 635PRG//Estonian Research Council/ ; },
mesh = {*Symbiosis/genetics ; *Metagenomics/methods ; *Phylogeny ; *Tribulus/genetics ; Plant Root Nodulation/genetics ; Nitrogen Fixation/genetics ; Root Nodules, Plant/microbiology/genetics ; Metagenome/genetics ; Plant Roots/microbiology/genetics ; Endophytes/genetics/isolation &amp; purification ; Bacteria/genetics/classification/isolation &amp; purification ; },
abstract = {Root nodule symbiosis is traditionally recognized in the Fabales, Fagales, Cucurbitales, and Rosales orders within the Rosid I clade of angiosperms. However, ambiguous root nodule formation has been reported in Zygophyllaceae and Roystonea regia (Arecaceae), although a detailed analysis has yet to be conducted. We aimed to perform morphological analyses of root structures in these plants and utilize metagenomic techniques to identify and characterize the bacterial populations within the nodule-like structures. We collected root samples of Tribulus terrestris (Zygophyllaceae) and Roystonea regia from West Asia and the Caribbean, respectively. We conducted detailed morphological analyses of nodule-like structures, isolated and genome-sequenced the endophytes, and employed metagenomic techniques to identify the bacterial populations within these formations. We observed nodule-like structures in both plant species. Symbiosomes, which are hallmark structures of nodulating plants, were not detected. Metagenome sequence data analysis revealed potential nodulating and nitrogen-fixing bacteria in the nodule-like structures of both species. Canonical nodulation and nitrogen-fixation genes were identified in microbes associated with the nodules. However, the phylogenomic analysis showed that the bacteria isolated from T. terrestris and R. regia are within Gammaproteobacteria and Bacilli, which are not typically known as nodulating bacteria. The observed structures differ significantly from traditional nodules found in legumes and actinorhizal plants, suggesting unique characteristics with hosting nitrogen-fixing bacteria. Although bacteria identified through in silico analysis or culture are well-known nitrogen-fixers, their specific role in root nodule formation remains to be investigated.},
}
@article {pmid39730742,
year = {2024},
author = {Bellés-Sancho, P and Golaz, D and Paszti, S and Vitale, A and Liu, Y and Bailly, A and Eberl, L and James, EK and Pessi, G},
title = {Tn-seq profiling reveals that NodS of the beta-rhizobium Paraburkholderia phymatum is detrimental for nodulating soybean.},
journal = {Communications biology},
volume = {7},
number = {1},
pages = {1706},
pmid = {39730742},
issn = {2399-3642},
mesh = {*Glycine max/genetics/microbiology ; *Plant Root Nodulation/genetics ; DNA Transposable Elements/genetics ; Symbiosis/genetics ; Rhizobium/genetics/physiology ; Phaseolus/microbiology/genetics ; Bacterial Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; },
abstract = {The beta-rhizobial strain Paraburkholderia phymatum STM815[T] is noteworthy for its wide host range in nodulating legumes, primarily mimosoids (over 50 different species) but also some papilionoids. It cannot, however, nodulate soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.), one of the world's most important crops. Here, we constructed a highly saturated genome-wide transposon library of a P. phymatum strain and employed a transposon sequencing (Tn-seq) approach to investigate the underlying genetic mechanisms of symbiotic incompatibility between P. phymatum and soybean. Soybean seedlings inoculated with the P. phymatum Tn-seq library display nodules on the roots that are mainly occupied by different mutants in a gene, nodS, coding for a methyltransferase involved in the biosynthesis of nodulation factors. The construction of a nodS deletion strain and a complemented mutant confirms that nodS is responsible for the nodulation-incompatibility of P. phymatum with soybean. Moreover, infection tests with different host plants reveal that NodS is necessary for optimal nodulation of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), but it is not required for nodulation of its natural host Mimosa pudica. In conclusion, our results suggest that NodS is involved in determining nodulation specificity of P. phymatum.},
}
@article {pmid39729906,
year = {2024},
author = {Abdelghany, S and Simancas-Giraldo, SM and Zayed, A and Farag, MA},
title = {How does the coral microbiome mediate its natural host fitness under climate stress conditions? Physiological, molecular, and biochemical mechanisms.},
journal = {Marine environmental research},
volume = {204},
number = {},
pages = {106920},
doi = {10.1016/j.marenvres.2024.106920},
pmid = {39729906},
issn = {1879-0291},
abstract = {Although the symbiotic partnership between corals and algal endosymbionts has been extensively explored, interactions between corals, their algal endosymbionts and microbial associates are still less understood. Screening the response of natural microbial consortiums inside corals can aid in exploiting them as markers for dysbiosis interactions inside the coral holobiont. The coral microbiome includes archaea, bacteria, fungi, and viruses hypothesized to play a pivotal vital role in coral health and tolerance to heat stress condition via different physiological, biochemical, and molecular mechanisms. The dynamic behaviour of microbial associates could denote their potential role in coral adaptation to future climate change, with microbiome shifts occurring independently as a response to thermal stress or as a response to host stress response. Associated adaptations include regulation of coral-algal-microbial interactions, expression of heat shock proteins, microbial composition changes, and accumulation of secondary metabolites to aid in sustaining the coral's overall homeostasis under ocean warming scenarios.},
}
@article {pmid39729158,
year = {2024},
author = {Nogueira, PTS and Freitas, EFS and Silva, JAR and Kasuya, MCM and Pereira, OL},
title = {Efficiency of mycorrhizal fungi for seed germination and protocorms development of commercial Cattleya species (Orchidaceae).},
journal = {Brazilian journal of microbiology : [publication of the Brazilian Society for Microbiology]},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {39729158},
issn = {1678-4405},
support = {Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient&#xed;fico e Tecnol&#xf3;gico//Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient&#xed;fico e Tecnol&#xf3;gico/ ; Funda&#xe7;&#xe3;o de Amparo &#xe0; Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais//Funda&#xe7;&#xe3;o de Amparo &#xe0; Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais/ ; Coordena&#xe7;&#xe3;o de Aperfei&#xe7;oamento de Pessoal de N&#xed;vel Superior//Coordena&#xe7;&#xe3;o de Aperfei&#xe7;oamento de Pessoal de N&#xed;vel Superior/ ; },
abstract = {Orchidaceae is one of the largest plant families and stands out for its wide variety of flowers with ornamental and environmental importance. Cattleya is one of the main commercial genera, presenting a great diversity of species and hybrids that attract the attention of collectors, orchid enthusiasts, and consumers. In their natural environment, orchids associate with mycorrhizal fungi, which are responsible for providing carbon and other nutrients during seed germination. This study investigated the potential of mycorrhizal fungi isolated from the genus Cattleya for in vitro symbiotic germination of seeds from three contrasting Cattleya species, comparing them with non-symbiotic germination in a commercially used culture medium for orchid propagation. The isolated fungi were molecularly identified through phylogenetic analyses of DNA sequences using the ITS (Internal Transcribed Spacer) region. Three isolates obtained were identified as Tulasnella amonilioides, and through microscopic evaluations, the formation of monilioid cells was observed, a morphological characteristic previously unknown for this species. The T. amonilioides isolates were efficient in promoting seed germination of Cattleya bicolor, Cattleya walkeriana and Cattleya jongheana and accelerated the germination process when compared with the non-symbiotic commercial medium, showing to be promised for commercial seed production of these orchids species.},
}
@article {pmid39728385,
year = {2024},
author = {Wei, C and Liu, M and Meng, G and Wang, M and Zhou, X and Xu, J and Hu, J and Zhang, L and Dong, C},
title = {Characterization of Endofungal Bacteria and Their Role in the Ectomycorrhizal Fungus Helvella bachu.},
journal = {Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {10},
number = {12},
pages = {},
pmid = {39728385},
issn = {2309-608X},
support = {2022xjkk0200//the Third Xinjiang Scientific Expedition Program/ ; TDBSCX202110//the Project for Scientific Research and Innovation for Postgraduates at Tarim University/ ; },
abstract = {Helvella bachu, an ectomycorrhizal fungus, forms a symbiotic relationship with Populus euphratica, a rare and endangered species crucial to desert riparian ecosystems. In this study, endofungal bacteria (EFBs) within the fruiting bodies of H. bachu were confirmed by a polyphasic approach, including genomic sequencing, real-time quantitative PCR targeting the 16S rRNA gene, full-length and next-generation sequencing (NGS) of the 16S rRNA gene, and culture methods. The genera Stenotrophomonas, Variovorax, Acidovorax, and Pedobacter were abundant in the EFBs of fruiting bodies associated with three Populus hosts and were consistently present across different developmental stages. Notably, S. maltophilia and V. paradoxus were detected in high abundance, as revealed by full-length 16S rRNA sequencing, with S. maltophilia also isolated by culture methods. KO-pathway analysis indicated that pathways related to primary, secondary, and energy metabolism were predominantly enriched, suggesting these bacteria may promote H. bachu growth by producing essential compounds, including sugars, proteins, and vitamins, and secondary metabolites. This study confirmed the presence of EFBs in H. bachu and provided the first comprehensive overview of their structure, functional potential, and dynamic changes throughout fruiting body maturation, offering valuable insights for advancing the artificial domestication of this species.},
}
@article {pmid39728365,
year = {2024},
author = {Rissi, DV and Ijaz, M and Baschien, C},
title = {Comparative Genomics of Different Lifestyle Fungi in Helotiales (Leotiomycetes) Reveals Temperature and Ecosystem Adaptations.},
journal = {Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {10},
number = {12},
pages = {},
pmid = {39728365},
issn = {2309-608X},
support = {447009466/BA 3924//Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft/ ; },
abstract = {Helotiales, a diverse fungal order within Leotiomycetes (Ascomycota), comprises over 6000 species occupying varied ecological niches, from plant pathogens to saprobes and symbionts. Despite their importance, their genetic adaptations to temperature and environmental conditions are understudied. This study investigates temperature adaptations in infection genes and substrate degradation genes through a comparative genomics analysis of 129 Helotiales species, using the newly sequenced genomes of Gyoerffyella rotula and Anguillospora crassa. Key gene families such as cytochrome P450 enzymes, virulence factors, effector proteins, and carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) were analyzed to understand their roles in temperature and lifestyle adaptations, uncovering possible alternative lifestyle mechanisms. Our findings reveal that Helotiales fungi possess genes associated with nutrient acquisition, pathogenicity, and symbiotic relationships strongly adapted to cold environments that might be impacted by global warming. On the other hand, some species demonstrate potential for adaptation to warmer climates, suggesting increased activity in response to global warming. This study reveals the adaptive mechanisms enabling Helotiales fungi to thrive in both cold and warm environments. These findings provide valuable insights into their ecological success and evolutionary resilience, which may facilitate their ability to transition between pathogenic, symbiotic, and saprobic phases in response to changing environmental conditions.},
}
@article {pmid39728329,
year = {2024},
author = {Yu, M and Chen, S and Shi, J and Chen, W and Qiu, Y and Lan, J and Qu, S and Feng, J and Wang, R and Lin, F and Huang, G and Zheng, C},
title = {Structures and Biological Activities of Secondary Metabolites from Daldinia spp.},
journal = {Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {10},
number = {12},
pages = {},
pmid = {39728329},
issn = {2309-608X},
support = {Nos. 32160108 and 2217702//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; },
abstract = {The genus Daldinia have long been recognized as a source of structural novel, pharmaceutically relevant natural products. We reviewed the structures and activities of secondary metabolites isolated from the genus of Daldinia from January 1995 to June 2024, and 280 compounds, including six major categories-terpenoids, alkaloids, polyketides, polyphenols, steroids, and other classes-are presented in this review. Among these metabolites, 196 were identified as new structures. Remarkably, 112 compounds exhibited a range of biological activities, including cytotoxic, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antifungal, anti-virus, and enzyme-inhibitory activities. This review highlights the bioactive metabolites discovered in the past three decades from the genus of Daldinia while also exploring the potential of these symbiotic fungi as rich sources of novel and diverse natural products. The varying bioactivities of these metabolites offer a vast array of promising lead compounds and also could significantly contribute to the development of new medicines.},
}
@article {pmid39728318,
year = {2024},
author = {Wu, N and Li, Z and Wu, F and Tan, J},
title = {Effects of ECMF Isolated from Mining Areas on Water Status, Photosynthesis Capacity, and Lead Ion Transport of Populus alba Under Pb Stress.},
journal = {Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {10},
number = {12},
pages = {},
pmid = {39728318},
issn = {2309-608X},
support = {20210302124247//Basic Research Program of Shanxi Province/ ; 2021L373//Scienti&#xfb01;c and Technological Innovation Project of Shanxi Province/ ; 2021L376//Scienti&#xfb01;c and Technological Innovation Project of Shanxi Province/ ; 31901227//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; },
abstract = {Native ectomycorrhizal fungi (ECMF) are generally more effective than non-native ECMF in facilitating the phytoremediation of heavy metal (HM) ions from contaminated soils. This study aimed to investigate the contributions of four ECMF species-Suillus luteus, Suillus flavidus, Suillus variegatus, and Gomphidius glutinosus-that were isolated from mining areas to the growth, water status, photosynthesis, and metallothionein gene expression of Populus alba exposed to varying concentrations of lead (Pb). The experiment lasted two months and involved P. alba cuttings subjected to Pb concentrations of 0, 200, and 400 mg kg[-1], representing no Pb stress, moderate Pb stress, and severe Pb stress, respectively. Results indicated that S. flavidus significantly enhanced the growth, water status, photosynthesis parameters, and metallothionein gene expression of P. alba under Pb stress, whereas S. luteus only exhibited positive effects under severe Pb stress. S. variegatus negatively affected the growth, water status, photosynthesis, and metallothionein gene expression of P. alba under Pb stress, while no significant difference was observed between the control treatment and G. glutinosus symbiosis. Therefore, S. flavidus and S. luteus are promising ECMF species for ecological restoration in mining areas, especially in P. alba woodlands.},
}
@article {pmid39713442,
year = {2024},
author = {Njogu, AK and Logozzo, F and Conner, WR and Shropshire, JD},
title = {Counting rare Wolbachia endosymbionts using digital droplet PCR.},
journal = {bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {39713442},
issn = {2692-8205},
abstract = {Wolbachia is the most widespread animal-associated intracellular microbe, living within the cells of over half of insect species. Since they can suppress pathogen replication and spread rapidly through insect populations, Wolbachia is at the vanguard of public health initiatives to control mosquito-borne diseases. Wolbachia's abilities to block pathogens and spread quickly are closely linked to their abundance in host tissues. The most common method for counting Wolbachia is quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), yet qPCR can be insufficient to count rare Wolbachia, necessitating tissue pooling and consequently compromising individual-level resolution of Wolbachia dynamics. Digital droplet PCR (ddPCR) offers superior sensitivity, enabling the detection of rare targets and eliminating the need for sample pooling. Here, we report three ddPCR assays to measure total Wolbachia abundance, Wolbachia abundance adjusted for DNA extraction efficiency, and Wolbachia density relative to host genome copies. Using Drosophila melanogaster with wMel Wolbachia as a model, we show these ddPCR assays can reliably detect as few as 7 to 12 Wolbachia gene copies in a 20 μL reaction. The designed oligos are homologous to sequences from at least 106 Wolbachia strains across Supergroup A and 53 host species from the Drosophila, Scaptomyza, and Zaprionus genera, suggesting broad utility. These highly sensitive ddPCR assays are expected to significantly advance Wolbachia-host interactions research by enabling the collection of molecular data from individual insect tissues. Their ability to detect rare Wolbachia will be especially valuable in applied and natural field settings where pooling samples could obscure important variation.},
}
@article {pmid39726965,
year = {2024},
author = {Contarini, PE and Emboule, E and Jean-Louis, P and Woyke, T and Date, SV and Gros, O and Volland, JM},
title = {A novel open-source cultivation system helps establish the first full cycle chemosynthetic symbiosis model system involving the giant ciliate Zoothamnium niveum.},
journal = {Frontiers in microbiology},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1491485},
pmid = {39726965},
issn = {1664-302X},
abstract = {Symbiotic interactions drive species evolution, with nutritional symbioses playing vital roles across ecosystems. Chemosynthetic symbioses are globally distributed and ecologically significant, yet the lack of model systems has hindered research progress. The giant ciliate Zoothamnium niveum and its sulfur-oxidizing symbionts represent the only known chemosynthetic symbiosis with a short life span that has been transiently cultivated in the laboratory. While it is experimentally tractable and presents a promising model system, it currently lacks an open-source, simple, and standardized cultivation setup. Following the FABricated Ecosystems (EcoFABs) model, we leveraged 3D printing and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) casting to develop simple flow-through cultivation chambers that can be produced and adopted by any laboratory. The streamlined manufacturing process reduces production time by 86% and cuts cost by tenfold compared to the previous system. Benchmarking using previously established optimal growth conditions, the new open-source cultivation system proves stable, efficient, more autonomous, and promotes a more prolific growth of the symbiosis. For the first time, starting from single cells, we successfully cultivated the symbiosis in flow-through chambers for 20 days, spanning multiple generations of colonies that remained symbiotic. They were transferred from chamber to chamber enabling long-term cultivation and eliminating the need for continuous field sampling. The chambers, optimized for live imaging, allowed detailed observation of the synchronized growth between the host and symbiont. Highlighting the benefit of this new system, we here describe a new step in the first hours of development where the host pauses growth, expels a coat, before resuming growth, hinting at a putative symbiont selection mechanism early in the colony life cycle. With this simple, open-source, cultivation setup, Z. niveum holds promises for comparative studies, standardization of research and wide adoption by the symbiosis research community.},
}
@article {pmid39726956,
year = {2024},
author = {Nazir, A and Puthuveettil, AR and Hussain, FHN and Hamed, KE and Munawar, N},
title = {Endophytic fungi: nature's solution for antimicrobial resistance and sustainable agriculture.},
journal = {Frontiers in microbiology},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1461504},
pmid = {39726956},
issn = {1664-302X},
abstract = {The growing threat of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has underlined the need for a sustained supply of novel antimicrobial agents. Endophyte microorganism that reside within plant tissues as symbionts have been the source of potential antimicrobial substances. However, many novel and potent antimicrobials are yet to be discovered from these endophytes. The present study investigates the potential of endophytic fungi as a source of novel bioactive chemicals with antibacterial capabilities. These fungi synthesize secondary metabolites such as polyketides and peptides via polyketide synthase (PKS) and nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) pathways. Notable substances, like prenylated indole alkaloids and fumaric acid, have shown promising antibacterial and antifungal properties against multidrug-resistant infectious agents. This review also emphasizes the symbiotic link between endophytes and their host plants, which is critical for secondary metabolite production. The study focuses on the significance of isolation methods for endophytes and proposes their use in for sustainable agriculture, bioremediation, and medicine. Future research combining endophytic biodiversity analysis with next-generation sequencing (NGS) and nanotechnology could provide novel techniques for combating AMR and contributing to sustainability across multiple industries.},
}
@article {pmid39724811,
year = {2024},
author = {Rodrigues, DADS and da Cunha, CCRF and Pereira, AR and Espírito Santo, DRD and Silva, SQ and Starling, MCVM and Santiago, ADF and Afonso, RJCF},
title = {Biodegradation of trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole in secondary effluent by microalgae-bacteria consortium.},
journal = {International journal of hygiene and environmental health},
volume = {264},
number = {},
pages = {114517},
doi = {10.1016/j.ijheh.2024.114517},
pmid = {39724811},
issn = {1618-131X},
abstract = {Trimethoprim (TMP) and sulfamethoxazole (SMX) are bacteriostatic agents, which are co-administered to patients during infection treatment due to their synergetic effects. Once consumed, TMP and SMX end up in wastewater and are directed to municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) which fail to remove these contaminants from municipal wastewater. The discharge of WWTP effluents containing antibiotics in the environment is a major concern for public health as it contributes to the spread of antimicrobial resistance. Improving treatment applied in WWTPs is one of the measures to tackle this issue. In this study, a natural microalgae-bacteria consortium cultivated under low intensity LED irradiation was used as a quaternary treatment to assess the removal of TMP alone (50 μg L[-1]) and also mixed with SMX (TMP/SMX; 50 μg L[-1] of each) from real WWTP secondary effluents from anaerobic treatment systems. The removal of the sulfonamide resistance gene, sul1, was also evaluated. This is the first study assessed the removal of TMP alone and TMP associated with SMX in real effluent using microalgae-bacteria consortium without nutrient enrichment. Biodegradation experiments were conducted for 7 days, residual amount of antibiotics were assessed by low-temperature partitioning extraction (LTPE) followed by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS/MS) and sul1 was analyzed by quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR). Results showed that SMX removal (48.34%) was higher than TMP (24.58%) in the mixture. The presence of both antibiotics at 50 μg L[-1] did not inhibit microalgae-bacteria consortium growth. After 7 days, there was a slight increase in the absolute abundance of sul1 and 16S rRNA. The main removal mechanism for both antibiotics might be attributed to symbiotic biodegradation as bioadsorption, bioaccumulation and abiotic factors were very low or insignificant. While the application of a microalgae-bacteria consortium as a quaternary treatment seems to be a promising alternative, further research to improve degradation rate aiming at a global removal >80% as required in the Swiss and European directives is encouraged.},
}
@article {pmid39724798,
year = {2024},
author = {Simon, SA and Aschmann, V and Behrendt, A and Hügler, M and Engl, LM and Pohlner, M and Rolfes, S and Brinkhoff, T and Engelen, B and Könneke, M and Rodriguez-R, LM and Bornemann, TLV and Nuy, JK and Rothe, L and Stach, TL and Beblo-Vranesevic, K and Leuko, S and Runzheimer, K and Möller, R and Conrady, M and Huth, M and Trabold, T and Herkendell, K and Probst, AJ},
title = {Earth's most needed uncultivated aquatic prokaryotes.},
journal = {Water research},
volume = {273},
number = {},
pages = {122928},
doi = {10.1016/j.watres.2024.122928},
pmid = {39724798},
issn = {1879-2448},
abstract = {Aquatic ecosystems house a significant fraction of Earth's biosphere, yet most prokaryotes inhabiting these environments remain uncultivated. While recently developed genome-resolved metagenomics and single-cell genomics techniques have underscored the immense genetic breadth and metabolic potential residing in uncultivated Bacteria and Archaea, cultivation of these microorganisms is required to study their physiology via genetic systems, confirm predicted biochemical pathways, exploit biotechnological potential, and accurately appraise nutrient turnover. Over the past two decades, the limitations of culture-independent investigations highlighted the importance of cultivation in bridging this vast knowledge gap. Here, we collected more than 80 highly sought-after uncultivated lineages of aquatic Bacteria and Archaea with global ecological impact. In addition to fulfilling critical roles in global carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur cycling, many of these organisms are thought to partake in key symbiotic relationships. This review highlights the vital contributions of uncultured microbes in aquatic ecosystems, from lakes and groundwater to the surfaces and depths of the oceans and will guide current and future initiatives tasked with cultivating our planet's most elusive, yet highly consequential aquatic microflora.},
}
@article {pmid39723137,
year = {2024},
author = {Ramos-Alvelo, M and Molinero-Rosales, N and Tamayo-Navarrete, MI and Ćavar Zeljković, S and Tarkowski, P and García-Garrido, JM and Ho-Plágaro, T},
title = {The SlDLK2 receptor, involved in the control of arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis, regulates hormonal balance in roots.},
journal = {Frontiers in microbiology},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1472449},
pmid = {39723137},
issn = {1664-302X},
abstract = {Arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) represents a symbiotic mutualistic association between most land plants and Glomeromycota fungi. AM fungi develops specialized intraradical and highly branched structures, called arbuscules, where bidirectional exchange of nutrients between plant and fungi partners occurs, improving plant growth and fitness. Transcriptional reprogramming and hormonal regulation are necessary for the formation of the arbuscules. SlDLK2, a member of the third clade from the DWARF14 family of α, β-hydrolases closely related to the strigolactone receptor D14, is a negative regulator of arbuscule branching in tomato, but the underlying mechanisms are unknown. We explored the possible role of SlDLK2 on the regulation of hormonal balance. RNA-seq analysis was performed on roots from composite tomato plants overexpressing SlDLK2 and in control plants transformed with the empty vector. Analysis of transcriptomic data predicted that significantly repressed genes were enriched for genes related to hormone biosynthesis pathways, with a special relevance of carotenoid/apocarotenoid biosynthesis genes. Stable transgenic SlDLK2 overexpressing (OE) tomato lines were obtained, and hormone contents were analyzed in their roots and leaves. Interesting significant hormonal changes were found in roots of SlDLK2 OE lines with respect to the control lines, with a strong decrease on jasmonic acid and ABA. In addition, SlDLK2 OE roots showed a slight reduction in auxin contents and in one of the major strigolactones in tomato, solanacol. Overall, our results suggest that the negative regulation of AM symbiosis by SlDLK2 is associated with the repression of genes involved in the biosynthesis of AM-promoting hormones.},
}
@article {pmid39722877,
year = {2024},
author = {Chaulagain, D and Schnabel, E and Kappes, M and Lin, EX and Müller, LM and Frugoli, JA},
title = {TML1 and TML2 synergistically regulate nodulation and affect arbuscular mycorrhiza in Medicago truncatula.},
journal = {Frontiers in plant science},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1504404},
pmid = {39722877},
issn = {1664-462X},
abstract = {Two symbiotic processes, nodulation and arbuscular mycorrhiza, are primarily controlled by the plant's need for nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P), respectively. Autoregulation of nodulation (AON) and autoregulation of mycorrhizal symbiosis (AOM) both negatively regulate their respective processes and share multiple components-plants that make too many nodules usually have higher arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) fungal root colonization. The protein TML (TOO MUCH LOVE) was shown to function in roots to maintain susceptibly to rhizobial infection under low N conditions and control nodule number through AON in Lotus japonicus. Medicago truncatula has two sequence homologs: MtTML1 and MtTML2. We report the generation of stable single and double mutants harboring multiple allelic variations in MtTML1 and MtTML2 using CRISPR-Cas9 targeted mutagenesis and screening of a transposon mutagenesis library. Plants containing single mutations in MtTML1 or MtTML2 produced two to three times the nodules of wild-type plants, whereas plants containing mutations in both genes displayed a synergistic effect, forming 20× more nodules compared to wild-type plants. Examination of expression and heterozygote effects suggests that genetic compensation may play a role in the observed synergy. Plants with mutations in both TMLs only showed mild increases in AM fungal root colonization at later timepoints in our experiments, suggesting that these genes may also play a minor role in AM symbiosis regulation. The mutants created will be useful tools to dissect the mechanism of synergistic action of MtTML1 and MtTML2 in M. truncatula symbiosis with beneficial microbes.},
}
@article {pmid39722864,
year = {2024},
author = {Rezaei, F and Burg, V and Pfister, S and Hellweg, S and Roshandel, R},
title = {Spatial optimization of industrial symbiosis for heat supply of agricultural greenhouses.},
journal = {Journal of industrial ecology},
volume = {28},
number = {6},
pages = {1507-1523},
pmid = {39722864},
issn = {1088-1980},
abstract = {Despite the many benefits of greenhouses, it is challenging to meet their heating demand, as greenhouses belong to the most energy-intensive production systems in the agriculture sector. Industrial symbiosis can bring an effective solution by utilizing waste heat from other industries to meet the greenhouse heat demand. This study proposes an optimization framework by which optimum symbiotic relationships can be identified. For this aim, the spatial analysis is integrated into an optimization model, in which geographical, technical, and economic parameters are considered simultaneously to identify the optimal location for developing new agricultural greenhouses. The objective function is to minimize the heating costs, that is, the investment cost of piping and electricity cost for pumping heat-carrying fluid from supplier to demand. The model is applied to the case study of Switzerland, and currently existing municipal solid waste incinerators, cement production plants, and biogas plants are considered potential waste heat sources. Results show that the import of tomato, cucumber, and lettuce to Switzerland can theoretically be replaced by vegetable production in new waste-heat supplied greenhouses (zero import scenarios). Accounting for the economy of scale for pipeline investment costs leads to selecting large-scale greenhouses with a cost reduction of 37%. The optimization results suggest that 10% of the greenhouses needed to satisfy the total domestic demand for lettuce, tomato, and cucumber could be placed on a suitable land plot in the direct vicinity of a waste heat source, with low costs of waste heat supply.},
}
@article {pmid39722237,
year = {2024},
author = {Hdedeh, O and Mercier, C and Poitout, A and Martinière, A and Zelazny, E},
title = {Membrane nanodomains to shape plant cellular functions and signaling.},
journal = {The New phytologist},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/nph.20367},
pmid = {39722237},
issn = {1469-8137},
support = {//I-Site Montpellier University/ ; ANR-19-CE20-0008-01//Agence Nationale de Recherches/ ; ANR-23-CE20-0022//Agence Nationale de Recherches/ ; },
abstract = {Plasma membrane (PM) nanodomains have emerged as pivotal elements in the regulation of plant cellular functions and signal transduction. These nanoscale membrane regions, enriched in specific lipids and proteins, behave as regulatory/signaling hubs spatially and temporally coordinating critical cellular functions. In this review, we first examine the mechanisms underlying the formation and maintenance of PM nanodomains in plant cells, highlighting the roles of PM lipid composition, protein oligomerization and interactions with cytoskeletal and cell wall components. Then, we discuss how nanodomains act as organizing centers by mediating protein-protein interactions that orchestrate essential processes such as symbiosis, defense against pathogens, ion transport or hormonal and reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling. Finally, we introduce the concept of nanoenvironments, where localized physicochemical variations are generated in the very close proximity of PM nanodomains, in response to stimuli. After decoding by a dedicated machinery likely localized in the vicinity of nanodomains, this enrichment of secondary messengers, such as ROS or Ca[2+], would allow specific downstream cellular responses. This review provides insights into the dynamic nature of nanodomains and proposes future research to better understand their contribution to the intricate signaling networks that govern plant development and stress responses.},
}
@article {pmid39721982,
year = {2024},
author = {Nasfi, S and Shahbazi, S and Bitterlich, K and Šečić, E and Kogel, KH and Steinbrenner, J},
title = {A pipeline for validation of Serendipita indica effector-like sRNA suggests cross-kingdom communication in the symbiosis with Arabidopsis.},
journal = {Journal of experimental botany},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/jxb/erae515},
pmid = {39721982},
issn = {1460-2431},
abstract = {Bidirectional communication between pathogenic microbes and their plant hosts via small (s)RNA-mediated cross-kingdom RNA interference (ckRNAi) is a key element for successful host colonisation. Whether mutualistic fungi of the Serendipitaceae family, known for their extremely broad host range, use sRNAs to colonize plant roots is still under debate. To address this question, we developed a pipeline to validate the accumulation, translocation, and activity of fungal sRNAs in post-transcriptional silencing of Arabidopsis thaliana genes. Using stem-loop RT-qPCR, we detected the expression of a specific set of Serendipita indica (Si)sRNAs, targeting host genes involved in cell wall organization, hormonal signalling regulation, immunity, and gene regulation. To confirm the gene silencing activity of these sRNAs in plant cells, SisRNAs were transiently expressed in protoplasts. Stem-loop PCR confirmed sRNAs expression and accumulation, while qPCR validated post-transcriptional gene silencing of their predicted target genes. Furthermore, Arabidopsis ARGONAUTE 1 immunoprecipitation (AtAGO1-IP) revealed the loading of fungal SisRNAs into the plant RNAi machinery, suggesting the translocation of SisRNA from the fungus into root cells. In conclusion, this study provides a blueprint for rapid selection and analysis of sRNA effectors and further supports the model of cross-kingdom communication in the Sebacinoid symbiosis.},
}
@article {pmid39721427,
year = {2024},
author = {Zhu, Y and Wu, Y and Li, X and Li, Y and Zheng, Z and Gao, Q and Ding, W and He, H and Qiu, L and Li, Y},
title = {Cadmium exposure increases insecticide sensitivity of Sogatella furcifera (Horváth) by decrease the diversity of symbiotic bacteria.},
journal = {Ecotoxicology and environmental safety},
volume = {290},
number = {},
pages = {117597},
doi = {10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.117597},
pmid = {39721427},
issn = {1090-2414},
abstract = {Cadmium (Cd) is a prevalent environmental pollutant in agricultural ecosystems, particularly within paddy ecosystems, is readily absorbed by rice and enter herbivorous insects through the food chain, thereby influencing the implementation of integrated pest management strategies. However, the effect and mechanisms of Cd exposure on the sensitivity of pests in paddy to insecticides remain unclear. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of Cd exposure on the fitness, insecticide sensitivity and symbiotic bacteria of Sogatella furcifera (Horváth) (white-backed planthopper, WBPH). Cd exposure did not affect the population growth of WBPH but significantly increased the sensitivity to three insecticides, nitenpyram, dinotefuran and etofenprox. Furthermore, Cd exposure reduced the diversity of symbiotic bacteria in WBPH, particularly decreasing the relative abundance of Acinetobacter, Klebsiella, Chryseobacterium and Pantoea, which were positively correlated with the survival rate of WBPH after Cd exposure and pesticide treatment. This indicates that Cd exposure may enhance insecticide sensitivity by disrupting the symbiotic bacteria equilibrium within WBPH. This study provides new insights into the symbiotic bacteria mediated increase in insecticide sensitivity due to heavy metal exposure, providing a foundation for utilizing compounds that disturb symbiotic bacteria balance in pest for pest control.},
}
@article {pmid39720994,
year = {2024},
author = {Khoso, AG and Li, Y and Liu, D},
title = {The arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Claroideoglomus etunicatum (Glomerales: Claroideoglomeraceae) inoculated wheat plants mediated responses of Sitobion avenae (Fabricius) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) to water deficit.},
journal = {Journal of economic entomology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/jee/toae293},
pmid = {39720994},
issn = {1938-291X},
support = {31971431//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; },
abstract = {Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi may promote growth and stress resilience of plants, particularly under water-deficit conditions. However, interactions among mycorrhizal fungi, wheat plants, and aphids like the English grain aphid Sitobion avenae (Hemiptera: Aphididae) under water-deficit stress are still not well understood. Here, we examined the colonization of the fungus Claroideoglomus etunicatum (Glomerales: Claroideoglomeraceae) on wheat, and its effects on development and behavior of S. avenae under different water regimes. The symbiosis between C. etunicatum and wheat tended to increase the total developmental times of S. avenae nymphs under water deficit, but decreased adult lifespans. Irrespective of water conditions or wheat cultivars (Xinong-979 and Chang-6794), this symbiosis tended to cause higher adult weights and fecundities of S. avenae. These findings suggested that inoculation of this fungus could induce some life history trait trade-offs for S. avenae. Inoculation of C. etunicatum caused significant increases in contents of total amino acids in Xinong-979, and contents of some individual amino acids (e.g., glutamine) in both cultivars. This aphid preferred settling on symbiotic plants, with alate individuals attracted to well-watered Xinong-979 from 4 and Chang-6794 from 24 h postrelease. Increased phloem feeding and reduced pathway phase time for S. avenae were found in symbiotic plants. The fungus C. etunicatum also significantly enhanced wheat growth, especially under water deficit, and increased contents of nonessential and essential amino acids in Xinong-979. Our results highlight complex interactions among fungus symbiosis, wheat cultivars, and water conditions, emphasizing the potential to boost wheat crop resilience in the context of global climate change.},
}
@article {pmid39720072,
year = {2024},
author = {Kedves, A and Yavuz, &#xc7; and Kedves, O and Haspel, H and Kónya, Z},
title = {The response to shock loads of Ni-MOF and NiO NPs on aerobic granular sludge and algal-bacterial aerobic granular sludge.},
journal = {Heliyon},
volume = {10},
number = {24},
pages = {e40796},
pmid = {39720072},
issn = {2405-8440},
abstract = {Currently, the increasing use of nickel metal-organic frameworks (Ni-MOF) and nickel oxide nanoparticles (NiO NPs) has raised concerns regarding their potential environmental impact on wastewater treatment systems. Herein, the responses of aerobic granular sludge (AGS) and algal-bacterial aerobic granular sludge (AB-AGS) to Ni-MOF and NiO NPs were investigated. The results showed that Ni-MOF concentrations of 50, 100, and 200 mg/L significantly reduced nutrient removal in both systems, particularly affecting ammonia, nitrite, and phosphorus removal, while denitrification processes remained stable. AB-AGS exhibited greater tolerance to nickel than AGS, likely due to its higher content of extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs), in which the algae were embedded, indicating a robust bacterial-algal symbiotic system. Conversely, NiO NPs had no adverse effects on bioreactor performance, likely due to their insolubility and integration into the sludge matrix. This research provides valuable insights into the potential future applications of AGS and AB-AGS technologies for treating wastewater contaminated with nickel and other heavy metals, highlighting the superior resilience of AB-AGS to nickel exposure.},
}
@article {pmid39719775,
year = {2024},
author = {Routray, D and Petijová, L and Sabovljević, M and Lang, I and Afjehi-Sadat, L and Demko, V and Goga, M},
title = {Allelopathic influence of usnic acid on Physcomitrium patens: A proteomics approach.},
journal = {Plant physiology and biochemistry : PPB},
volume = {219},
number = {},
pages = {109400},
doi = {10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.109400},
pmid = {39719775},
issn = {1873-2690},
abstract = {Allelopathy, the chemical interaction of plants by their secondary metabolites with surrounding organisms, profoundly influences their functional features. Lichens, symbiotic associations of fungi and algae and/or cyanobacteria, produce diverse secondary metabolites, among other usnic acid, which express to have potent biological activities. Mosses, i.e. Physcomitrium patens, share the habitat with other organisms including lichens, experiencing the allelopathic effects of their metabolites. In this study, we investigated the interference of usnic acid on P. patens as inferred by proteomics, shedding light on the physiological response of this moss. Our results revealed spreading inhibition of of P. patens, under usnic acid treatment (reduction of protonemal patches and enhanced gametophore growth), along with significant alterations in the moss proteome. The results showed that structural proteins and those involved in vital life function are stable or even increased under the treatments. Thus, proteins associated with photosynthesis, stress response, and defense mechanisms were up-regulated, while those involved in energy metabolism and protein biosynthesis were down-regulated. These findings enhance our understanding of moss responses to allelopathic stress and lay the groundwork for future investigations into the functional significance of specific proteins in moss adaptation to environmental challenges.},
}
@article {pmid39718283,
year = {2024},
author = {Shang, P and Zheng, R and Li, Y and Han, S and Tang, S and Wu, J and Duan, T},
title = {Effect of AM fungi on the growth and powdery mildew development of Astragalus sinicus L. under water stress.},
journal = {Plant physiology and biochemistry : PPB},
volume = {219},
number = {},
pages = {109422},
doi = {10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.109422},
pmid = {39718283},
issn = {1873-2690},
abstract = {Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are widely existing soil microorganisms that form symbiotic relationships with most terrestrial plants. They are important for enhancing adversity resistance, including resistance to disease and water stresses. Nevertheless, it is not clear whether the benefits can be maintained in regulating the occurrence of plant diseases under drought, flooding stress and during water restoration. In this study, we investigated the effect of AM fungus (Glomus versiforme) on the development of powdery mildew in Chinese milk vetch (Astragalus sinicus) under drought, flooding, and water recovery. The results showed that AM fungal symbiosis promoted the growth of Chinese milk vetch under water stress conditions. It increased the accumulation of ethylene (ET) and jasmonic acid (JA), enhanced the activities of antioxidant enzymes, and decreased the accumulation of salicylic acid (SA) and abscisic acid (ABA). The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) obtained from transcriptome sequencing under each stress were subjected to weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), and a total of 12 gene co-expression modules were obtained. The analysis of the relationship between the co-expressed genes in the 12 modules and plant physiological traits showed that the magent, grey60 and darkturquoise modules were significantly associated with ET, SA, JA, ABA, plant defence enzyme activities, malondialdehyde (MDA) and H2O2 content. Water stress and disease were related with the up-regulated expression of genes in the flavonoid biosynthesis and oxidative phosphorylation, plant hormone signal transduction and plant-pathogen interaction pathways. Importantly, inoculation with AM fungus reduced the incidence of powdery mildew under drought stress by 16.54%. In summary, the results of this study showed that inoculation with AM had a positive effect on powdery mildew development tolerance in Chinese milk vetch under drought and flooding stresses and stress recovery. This provides a good basis for field management and sustainable growth of green manure crop Chinese milk vetch.},
}
@article {pmid39717715,
year = {2024},
author = {Lai, CT and Hsiao, YT and Wu, LH},
title = {Evidence of horizontal transmission of Wolbachia wCcep in rice moths parasitized by Trichogramma chilonis and its persistence across generations.},
journal = {Frontiers in insect science},
volume = {4},
number = {},
pages = {1519986},
pmid = {39717715},
issn = {2673-8600},
abstract = {The horizontal transmission of endosymbionts between hosts and parasitoids plays a crucial role in biological control, yet its mechanisms remain poorly understood. This study investigates the dynamics of horizontal transfer of Wolbachia (wCcep) from the rice moth, Corcyra cephalonica, to its parasitoid, Trichogramma chilonis. Through PCR detection and phylogenetic analysis, we demonstrated the presence of identical wCcep strains in both host and parasitoid populations, providing evidence for natural horizontal transmission. To investigate thoroughly, Wolbachia-free colonies were acquired through tetracycline treatment, and the initial density of wCcep in host eggs significantly influences transmission efficiency. High-density wCcep infections led to rapid transmission, with F1 parasitoid titers increasing by as much as 100-fold, while low-density infections exhibited more gradual increases. Additionally, without continuous exposure to infected hosts, wCcep density in T. chilonis diminished over generations. These findings enhance our understanding of Wolbachia's transfer dynamics and have important implications for developing effective and sustainable biological control strategies using parasitoid wasps, particularly in managing Wolbachia-related pest populations in agricultural systems.},
}
@article {pmid39716953,
year = {2024},
author = {Lin, Y and Chen, C and Chen, W and Liu, H and Xiao, R and Ji, H and Li, X},
title = {A Comprehensive Transcriptome Atlas Reveals the Crucial Role of LncRNAs in Maintaining Nodulation Homeostasis in Soybean.},
journal = {Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e2412104},
doi = {10.1002/advs.202412104},
pmid = {39716953},
issn = {2198-3844},
support = {2021YFF1001201//National Key Research and Development Program of China/ ; 2023YFD12006000//National Key Research and Development Program of China/ ; 32330078//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; },
abstract = {Symbiotic nitrogen fixation (SNF) provides nitrogen for soybean. A primary challenge in enhancing yield through efficient SNF lies in striking a balance between its high energy consumption and plant growth. However, the systemic transcriptional reprogramming during nodulation remains limited. Here, this work conducts a comprehensive RNA-seq of the roots, cotyledons and leaves of inoculated-soybean. This work finds 88,814 mRNAs and 6,156 noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) across various organs. Notably, this work identifies 6,679 nodulation-regulated mRNAs (NR-mRNAs), 1,681 long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) (NR-lncRNAs), and 59 miRNAs (NR-miRNAs). The majority of these NR-RNAs are associated with plant-microbial interaction and exhibit high organ specificity. Roots display the highest abundance of NR-ncRNAs and the most dynamic crosstalk between NR-lncRNAs and NR-miRNAs in a GmNARK-dependent manner. This indicates that while each tissue responds uniquely, GmNARK serves as a primary regulator of the transcriptional control of nodulated-plants. Furthermore, this work proves that lnc-NNR6788 and lnc-NNR7059 promote nodulation by regulating their target genes. This work also shows that the nodulation- and GmNARK-regulated (NNR) lnc-NNR4481 negatively regulates nodulation through miR172c within a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network. The spatial organ-type transcriptomic atlas establishes a benchmark and provides a valuable resource for integrative analyses of the mechanism underlying of nodulation and plant growth balance.},
}
@article {pmid39716839,
year = {2024},
author = {Alberts, J and Ahlqvist-Björkroth, S and Lehtonen, L and Montirosso, R},
title = {Interventions to foster connections and interactions.},
journal = {Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992)},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/apa.17553},
pmid = {39716839},
issn = {1651-2227},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The Special Issue articles describe six systems of parental interventions and developmental care several differences among each of the approaches. Nevertheless, on a deeper level there are profound similarities shared across the six systems. These similarities are at the heart of developmental care in general and parental interventions in particular.<br><br>AIM: The aim of this paper is to highlight the commonalities of these systems of developmental processes and parental interventions.<br><br>MATERIALS AND METHODS: We discuss the concept of symbiosis as a theoretical framework for entering into a new understanding of mother-infant and family systems biology based on perspectives that share themes of interconnection and mutualism.<br><br>RESULTS: There are many rigorous, empirical studies of co-regulation, mutualism and interdependence in the human parent-offspring system that is moving us forward into this new territory. Perspectives that emphasize interconnection and interpenetration, reciprocity and mutualism, and integration over reduction are expanding to fill the spaces needed to answer today's questions.<br><br>DISCUSSION: Recent contributions of perspectives on neurocognitive development have buttressed the symbiosis view with constructs of prenatal origins, such as 'co-embodiment' and 'co-homeostasis', that illuminate maternal-fetal reciprocities seen to underlie initiation and maintenance of developmental trajectories essential to support fetuses born prematurely into a NICU environment.<br><br>CONCLUSION: The six systems of parental intervention and developmental care presented in this Special Issue represent foundational approaches to developmental care for prematurely born infants. All these approaches recognize forms of reciprocity and mutualism on many levels, always including the infants as active parts of multiple regulatory systems.},
}
@article {pmid39716505,
year = {2024},
author = {Jia, X and Li, Y and Chen, L and Xiao, Y and Yang, N and Luo, H and Guan, J and Xu, D},
title = {Identification and comparative genomic analysis of endophytic fungi in Bletilla striata and its potential for promoting militarine bioaccumulation.},
journal = {Fitoterapia},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {106356},
doi = {10.1016/j.fitote.2024.106356},
pmid = {39716505},
issn = {1873-6971},
abstract = {Bletilla striata (Thunb.) Reichb.f is renowned for its traditional medicinal applications and a spectrum of pharmacological activities, which is intricately linked to militarine. Addressing sustainable production of B. striata and militarine necessitates innovative strategies. Endophytic fungi, residing within plant tissues and establishing symbiotic relationships, act as secondary genomes of plants, co-regulating plant growth and secondary metabolite synthesis. Despite their potential, the genetic and metabolic diversity, functional activity, and regulatory interactions of endophytic fungi with B. striata remain unexplored. This study aims to bridge this gap by investigating endophytic fungi that could enhance B. striata growth and militarine biosynthesis. The study revealed that endophytic fungi from pseudobulbs, roots, and stems were co-cultured with callus tissue of B. striata, and it was discovered that Serendipita indica from the Serendipita genus can enhance militarine accumulation. Subsequently, key genes, core enzymes, and regulatory factors related to militarine biosynthesis in the S. indica genome were analyzed. By employing advanced biotechnological and comparative genomic approaches, we elucidated the composition and distribution of regulatory factors across different endophytic fungal genomes associated with B. striata. This research not only advances our understanding of the symbiotic relationship between B. striata and its endophytic fungi but also provides a foundational blueprint for the sustainable exploitation and enhancement of militarine production.},
}
@article {pmid39715861,
year = {2024},
author = {Lin, Y and Cai, C and Li, L},
title = {Research on perceived brand characteristics of marathon participants.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {14},
number = {1},
pages = {30621},
doi = {10.1038/s41598-024-81564-y},
pmid = {39715861},
issn = {2045-2322},
mesh = {Humans ; *Marathon Running/physiology ; Male ; Female ; Adult ; Middle Aged ; Perception ; Cities ; Running/psychology ; Young Adult ; },
abstract = {Leveraging sporting events to drive urban development has been proven effective. However, the influence of city image on the perceived experience of branded marathon events, as an embodied practice within urban spaces, remains underexplored. This study considers marathon races as significant activities integrated into urban environments and specifically investigates how city image affects the perceived experience of branded marathon events. The objective of the research is to evaluate how city functions, governance, characteristics, and event culture and services influence marathon participants' perceptions of branded events. An empirical analysis using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was conducted with a sample of 422 participants from the 2022 Xiamen International Marathon to examine the relationships among these variables. This investigation aims to explore and quantify the impact of city characteristics on participants' perceptions, providing actionable insights for enhancing city branding through sporting events. The findings indicate that: (1) City functions are essential foundational conditions influencing participants' perceptions of branded marathon events. (2) City governance significantly impacts participants' perceptions of these events. (3) City characteristics are important sources that shape participants' perceptions of branded marathon events. (4) Event culture and services are decisive factors influencing participants' perceptions of branded marathon events. The results highlight the critical interplay between urban management and the successful development of branded marathon events, enhancing the understanding of the symbiotic relationship between city governance and event success, and offering strategic guidance for event organizers and urban planners.},
}
@article {pmid39714211,
year = {2024},
author = {Facimoto, CT and Clements, KD and White, WL and Handley, KM},
title = {Hindguts of Kyphosus sydneyanus harbor phylogenetically and genomically distinct Alistipes capable of degrading algal polysaccharides and diazotrophy.},
journal = {mSystems},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e0100724},
doi = {10.1128/msystems.01007-24},
pmid = {39714211},
issn = {2379-5077},
abstract = {The genus Alistipes (Bacteroidota) is most often associated with human clinical samples and livestock. However, Alistipes are also prevalent in the hindgut of the marine herbivorous fish Kyphosus sydneyanus (Silver Drummer), and analysis of their carbohydrate-active enzyme (CAZyme) encoding gene repertoires suggests Alistipes degrade macroalgal biomass to support fish nutrition. To further explore host-associated traits unique to K. sydneyanus-derived Alistipes, we compared 445 high-quality genomes of Alistipes available in public databases (e.g., human and ruminant associated) with 99 metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) from the K. sydneyanus gut. Analyses showed that Alistipes from K. sydneyanus are phylogenetically distinct from other hosts and comprise 26 species based on genomic average nucleotide identity (ANI) analyses. Ruminant- and fish-derived Alistipes had significantly smaller genomes than human-derived strains, and lower GC contents, possibly reflecting a symbiotic relationship with their hosts. The fish-derived Alistipes were further delineated by their genetic capacity to fix nitrogen, biosynthesize cobalamin (vitamin B12), and utilize marine polysaccharides (e.g., alginate and carrageenan). The distribution of CAZymes encoded by Alistipes from K. sydneyanus was not phylogenetically conserved. Distinct CAZyme gene compositions were observed between closely related species. Conversely, CAZyme gene clusters (operons) targeting the same substrates were found across diverse species. Nonetheless, transcriptional data suggest that closely related Alistipes target specific groups of substrates within the fish hindgut. Results highlight host-specific adaptations among Alistipes in the fish hindgut that likely contribute to K. sydneyanus digesting their seaweed diet, and diverse and redundant carbohydrate-degrading capabilities across these Alistipes species.IMPORTANCEDespite numerous reports of the Alistipes genus in humans and ruminants, its diversity and function remain understudied, and there is no clear consensus on whether it positively or negatively impacts host health. Given the symbiotic role of gut communities in the Kyphosus sydneyanus hindgut, where Alistipes are prevalent, and the diversity of carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) encoded that likely contribute to the breakdown of important substrates in the host diet, it is likely that this genus provides essential services to the fish host. Therefore, considering its metabolism in various contexts and hosts is crucial for understanding the ecology of the genus. Our study highlights the distinct genetic traits of Alistipes based on host association, and the potential of fish-associated Alistipes to transform macroalgae biomass into nutraceuticals (alginate oligosaccharides, β-glucans, sulfated galactans, and sulfated fucans).},
}
@article {pmid39714151,
year = {2024},
author = {Domingo-Serrano, L and Sanchis-López, C and Alejandre, C and Soldek, J and Palacios, JM and Albareda, M},
title = {A microaerobically induced small heat shock protein contributes to Rhizobium leguminosarum/Pisum sativum symbiosis and interacts with a wide range of bacteroid proteins.},
journal = {Applied and environmental microbiology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e0138524},
doi = {10.1128/aem.01385-24},
pmid = {39714151},
issn = {1098-5336},
abstract = {During the establishment of the symbiosis with legume plants, rhizobia are exposed to hostile physical and chemical microenvironments to which adaptations are required. Stress response proteins including small heat shock proteins (sHSPs) were previously shown to be differentially regulated in bacteroids induced by Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae UPM791 in different hosts. In this work, we undertook a functional analysis of the host-dependent sHSP RLV_1399. A rlv_1399-deleted mutant strain was impaired in the symbiotic performance with peas but not with lentil plants. Expression of rlv_1399 gene was induced under microaerobic conditions in a FnrN-dependent manner consistent with the presence of an anaerobox in its regulatory region. Overexpression of this sHSP improves the viability of bacterial cultures following exposure to hydrogen peroxide and to cationic nodule-specific cysteine-rich (NCR) antimicrobial peptides. Co-purification experiments have identified proteins related to nitrogenase synthesis, stress response, carbon and nitrogen metabolism, and to other relevant cellular functions as potential substrates for RLV_1399 in pea bacteroids. These results, along with the presence of unusually high number of copies of shsp genes in rhizobial genomes, indicate that sHSPs might play a relevant role in the adaptation of the bacteria against stress conditions inside their host.IMPORTANCEThe identification and analysis of the mechanisms involved in host-dependent bacterial stress response is important to develop optimal Rhizobium/legume combinations to maximize nitrogen fixation for inoculant development and might have also applications to extend nitrogen fixation to other crops. The data presented in this work indicate that sHSP RLV_1399 is part of the bacterial stress response to face specific stress conditions offered by each legume host. The identification of a wide diversity of sHSP potential targets reveals the potential of this protein to protect essential bacteroid functions. The finding that nitrogenase is the most abundant RLV_1399 substrate suggests that this protein is required to obtain an optimal nitrogen-fixing symbiosis.},
}
@article {pmid39713446,
year = {2024},
author = {Gaddy, KE and Septer, AN and Mruk, K and Milton, ME},
title = {A mutualistic model bacterium is lethal to non-symbiotic hosts via the type VI secretion system.},
journal = {bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1101/2024.12.13.628426},
pmid = {39713446},
issn = {2692-8205},
abstract = {What makes a bacterium pathogenic? Since the early days of germ theory, researchers have categorized bacteria as pathogens or non-pathogens, those that cause harm and those that do not, but this binary view is not always accurate. Vibrio fischeri is an exclusive mutualistic symbiont found within the light organs of Hawaiian bobtail squid. This symbiotic interaction requires V. fischeri to utilize a range of behaviors and produce molecules that are often associated with pathogenicity. This juxtaposition of employing "pathogenic" behaviors for a symbiotic relationship led the field to focus on how V. fischeri establishes a beneficial association with its host. In this study, we observe that V. fischeri induces mortality in zebrafish embryos and Artemia nauplii. Non-lethal doses of V. fischeri leads to zebrafish growth delays and phenotypes indicative of disease. Our data also provide evidence that the conserved type VI secretion system on chromosome I (T6SS1) plays a role in the V. fischeri -induced mortality of zebrafish embryos and Artemia nauplii. These results support the hypothesis that the V. fischeri T6SS1 is involved in eukaryotic cell interactions. Despite its traditional view as a beneficial symbiont, we provide evidence that V. fischeri is capable of harming aquatic organisms, indicating its potential to be pathogenic toward non-symbiotic hosts.},
}
@article {pmid39713146,
year = {2024},
author = {He, S and Gao, L and Zhang, Z and Ming, Z and Gao, F and Ma, S and Zou, M},
title = {Diversity analysis of microorganisms on the surface of four summer fruit varieties in Baotou, Inner Mongolia, China.},
journal = {PeerJ},
volume = {12},
number = {},
pages = {e18752},
pmid = {39713146},
issn = {2167-8359},
mesh = {*Fruit/microbiology ; China ; *RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics ; Microbiota/genetics ; Malus/microbiology ; Prunus domestica/microbiology ; Bacteria/genetics/classification/isolation &amp; purification ; Fungi/classification/genetics/isolation &amp; purification ; Proteobacteria/genetics/isolation &amp; purification ; Firmicutes/genetics/isolation &amp; purification ; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing ; Bacteroidetes/genetics/isolation &amp; purification/classification ; Biodiversity ; },
abstract = {Improper storage of post-harvest fruits leads to significant losses, especially due to microbial-induced decay. Understanding the naturally occurring microbial communities on fruit surfaces and their functions is the first step in the development of new strategies for controlling post-harvest fruit decay. These new strategies could generate significant economic value by improving fruit preservation and extending the shelf-life of fruit. In the present study, 16S rRNA and ITS high-throughput sequencing technologies were used to analyze the diversity and composition of microorganisms on the surfaces of four different fruit varieties: three plum varieties and one apple variety, all from the same orchard in Donghe District, Baotou City, China. The results displayed no notable difference in bacterial diversity on the surfaces of the four varieties of fruits (P > 0.05), but there were significant differences in fungal diversity (P < 0.05). The most abundant bacterial phyla detected on the fruit surfaces were Proteobacteria, Bacteroidota, and Firmicutes; the most abundant fungal phyla were Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, and Mortierellomycota. Though microbial compositions on the fruit surfaces differed between the fruits, the surface microbial community structure of the three plum varieties exhibited higher similarity, indicating that fruit type is a key factor influencing the composition of surface microorganisms. There were also differences in the epidermal microbial community composition between the fruits involved in this study and fruits of the same species reported from other regions, suggesting that geographical factors also play a critical role in microbial composition. The correlation analysis revealed significant associations between the microorganisms with the highest abundance on the surface of the fruits, suggesting the existence of symbiotic and mutualistic relationships between these microorganisms, but the specific mechanisms behind these relationships need to be further explored. This study provides a basis for the establishment of post-harvest fruit preservation strategies.},
}
@article {pmid39713078,
year = {2024},
author = {Maiti, A and Mondal, S and Choudhury, S and Bandopadhyay, A and Mukherjee, S and Sikdar, N},
title = {Oncometabolites in pancreatic cancer: Strategies and its implications.},
journal = {World journal of experimental medicine},
volume = {14},
number = {4},
pages = {96005},
pmid = {39713078},
issn = {2220-315X},
abstract = {Pancreatic cancer (PanCa) is a catastrophic disease, being third lethal in both the genders around the globe. The possible reasons are extreme disease invasiveness, highly fibrotic and desmoplastic stroma, dearth of confirmatory diagnostic approaches and resistance to chemotherapeutics. This inimitable tumor microenvironment (TME) or desmoplasia with excessive extracellular matrix accumulation, create an extremely hypovascular, hypoxic and nutrient-deficient zone inside the tumor. To survive, grow and proliferate in such tough TME, pancreatic tumor and stromal cells transform their metabolism. Transformed glucose, glutamine, fat, nucleotide metabolism and inter-metabolite communication between tumor and TME in synergism, impart therapy resistance, and immunosuppression in PanCa. Thus, a finer knowledge of altered metabolism would uncover its metabolic susceptibilities. These unique metabolic targets may help to device novel diagnostic/prognostic markers and therapeutic strategies for better management of PanCa. In this review, we sum up reshaped metabolic pathways in PanCa to formulate detection and remedial strategies of this devastating disease.},
}
@article {pmid39712641,
year = {2024},
author = {Shalini, TS and Prathiviraj, R and Senthilraja, P},
title = {Metagenomic analysis and bioactive profiling of kombucha fermentation: antioxidant, antibacterial activities, and molecular docking insights into gastric cancer therapeutics.},
journal = {Toxicology research},
volume = {13},
number = {6},
pages = {tfae224},
pmid = {39712641},
issn = {2045-452X},
abstract = {Kombucha is fermented and produced with a biofilm called a symbiotic culture of bacteria and yeast, which is drunk all over the world for its beneficial effects on human health and energy levels. The metagenomic study of kombucha frequently detected microorganisms in proteobacteria, firmicutes, and actinobacteria. And also, yeast and fungi are Ascomycota and Basidiomycota is present in green leaf and sugarcane juice fermented kombucha. The kombucha extracts' biological activities were assessed using pH, total phenolic content, antioxidant, antibacterial, and anticancer activity. Fermentation may enhance biological activity and the generation of bioactive substances. These results showed the pH -3.1 ± 0.2 and TPC -0.721 μg/mL of gallic acid equivalent. The antioxidant radicals scavenging activity of kombucha was evaluated by DPPH, ABTS, H2O2 and TAC. The bioactive chemicals identified by FT-IR and HR-LC/MS analysis of Kombucha totaled 45 components. The identified compounds were further move on to perform molecular docking study against gastric cancer target proteins 4H9M, 2DQ7 and 1TVO are binding with Nequinate compounds showing best LibDock scores 105.12, 114.49, and 108.97. So, this study suggests that knowledge can potentially active bioactive compounds are present in kombucha and it's stimulated the mechanism of gastrointestinal transit. Additionally, the metagenomic analysis gives strength to understand the bacterial and fungal distribution and its molecular mechanism from Kombucha.},
}
@article {pmid39710945,
year = {2025},
author = {Keller, V and Calchera, A and Otte, J and Schmitt, I},
title = {Genomic features of lichen-associated black fungi.},
journal = {IUBMB life},
volume = {77},
number = {1},
pages = {e2934},
pmid = {39710945},
issn = {1521-6551},
mesh = {*Lichens/genetics/microbiology ; *Genome, Fungal ; *Phylogeny ; *Ascomycota/genetics ; Symbiosis/genetics ; Genomics ; },
abstract = {Lichens are mutualistic associations consisting of a primary fungal host, and one to few primary phototrophic symbiont(s), usually a green alga and/or a cyanobacterium. They form complex thallus structures, which provide unique and stable habitats for many other microorganisms. Frequently isolated from lichens are the so-called black fungi, or black yeasts, which are mainly characterized by melanized cell walls and extremophilic lifestyles. It is presently unclear in which ways these fungi interact with other members of the lichen symbiosis. Genomic resources of lichen-associated black fungi are needed to better understand the physiological potential of these fungi and shed light on the complexity of the lichen consortium. Here, we present high-quality genomes of 14 black fungal lineages, isolated from lichens of the rock-dwelling genus Umbilicaria. Nine of the lineages belong to the Eurotiomycetes (Chaetothyriales), four to the Dothideomycetes, and one to the Arthoniomycetes, representing the first genome of a black fungus in this class. The PacBio-based assemblies are highly contiguous (5-42 contigs per genome, mean coverage of 79-502, N50 of 1.0-7.3 mega-base-pair (Mb), Benchmarking Universal Single-Copy Orthologs (BUSCO) completeness generally ≥95.4%). Most contigs are flanked by a telomere sequence, suggesting we achieved near chromosome-level assemblies. Genome sizes range between 26 and 44 Mb. Transcriptome-based annotations yielded ~11,000-18,000 genes per genome. We analyzed genome content with respect to repetitive elements, biosynthetic genes, and effector genes. Each genome contained a polyketide synthase gene related to the dihydroxynaphthalene-melanin pathway. This research provides insights into genome content and metabolic potential of these relatively unknown, but frequently encountered lichen associates.},
}
@article {pmid39710701,
year = {2024},
author = {Ardpairin, J and Subkrasae, C and Dumidae, A and Pansri, S and Homkaew, C and Meesil, W and Kumchantuek, T and Phoungpetchara, I and Dillman, AR and Pavesi, C and Bode, HB and Tandhavanant, S and Thanwisai, A and Vitta, A},
title = {Symbiotic bacteria associated with entomopathogenic nematodes showed molluscicidal activity against Biomphalaria glabrata, an intermediate host of Schistosoma mansoni.},
journal = {Parasites &amp; vectors},
volume = {17},
number = {1},
pages = {529},
pmid = {39710701},
issn = {1756-3305},
support = {PHD / 0086/2561//the National Research Council of Thailand/ ; R2567B034//Naresuan University (NU) and the National Science, Research and Innovation Fund (NSRF)/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Biomphalaria/microbiology/parasitology ; *Molluscacides/pharmacology ; *Symbiosis ; Photorhabdus/genetics/physiology ; Xenorhabdus/genetics/physiology ; Schistosoma mansoni/physiology/drug effects ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Biomphalaria glabrata acts as the intermediate host of schistosomes that causes human schistosomiasis. Symbiotic bacteria, Xenorhabdus and Photorhabdus associated with Steinernema and Heterorhabditis, produce secondary metabolites with several biological activities. Controlling B. glabrata is a potential strategy to limit the transmission of schistosomiasis. The aims of this study were to identify Xenorhabdus and Photorhabdus bacteria based on recA sequencing and evaluate their molluscicidal activity against B. glabrata snail.<br><br>RESULTS: A total of 31 bacterial isolates belonging to Xenorhabdus (n&#x2009;=&#x2009;19) and Photorhabdus (n&#x2009;=&#x2009;12) (X.&#xa0;ehlersii, X.&#xa0;stockiae, X.&#xa0;indica, X.&#xa0;griffinae, P.&#xa0;luminescens, P.&#xa0;akhurstii, and P.&#xa0;laumondii subsp. laumondii were molecularly identified based on recA sequencing. Five isolates of bacterial extracts showed potential molluscicide, with 100% snail mortality. P.&#xa0;laumondii subsp. laumondii (bALN19.5_TH) showed the highest effectiveness with lethal concentration (LC) values of 54.52&#xa0;&#xb5;g/mL and 89.58&#xa0;&#xb5;g/mL for LC50 and LC90, respectively. Histopathological changes of the snail were observed in the head-foot region, which showed ruptures of the epithelium covering the foot and deformation of the muscle fiber. A hemocyte of the treated snails was observed in the digestive tubules of the digestive glands. The hermaphrodite glands of treated snails showed a reduction in the number of spermatozoa, degeneration of oocytes, and deformation and destruction in the hermaphrodite gland. In addition, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) of three symbiotic bacteria contained compounds such as GameXPeptide, Xenofuranone, and Rhabdopeptide.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Five bacterial extracts showed good activity against B.&#xa0;glabrata, especially P.&#xa0;laumondii subsp. laumondii and X.&#xa0;stockiae, which produced virulent secondary metabolites resulting in the death of the snails. They also caused histopathological alterations in the foot, digestive glands, and hermaphrodite glands of the snails. This study suggests that extracts from these bacteria show promise as molluscicides for the control of B.&#xa0;glabrata.},
}
@article {pmid39710632,
year = {2024},
author = {Krueger, CB and Costa Netto, JR and Arifuzzaman, M and Fritschi, FB},
title = {Characterization of genetic diversity and identification of genetic loci associated with carbon allocation in N2 fixing soybean.},
journal = {BMC genomics},
volume = {25},
number = {1},
pages = {1233},
pmid = {39710632},
issn = {1471-2164},
support = {2120-172-0142 and 2220-172-0149//United Soybean Board/ ; 2120-172-0142 and 2220-172-0149//United Soybean Board/ ; 2120-172-0142 and 2220-172-0149//United Soybean Board/ ; 2120-172-0142 and 2220-172-0149//United Soybean Board/ ; },
mesh = {*Glycine max/genetics/metabolism/growth &amp; development ; *Quantitative Trait Loci ; *Genetic Variation ; *Nitrogen Fixation/genetics ; *Carbon/metabolism ; Phenotype ; Genotype ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Plant Roots/genetics/metabolism/growth &amp; development ; Biomass ; Chromosome Mapping ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Efficient capture and use of resources is critical for optimal plant growth and productivity. Both shoot and root growth are essential for resource acquisition, namely light and CO2 by the shoot and water and mineral nutrients by roots. Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], one of the most valuable crops world-wide, uses an additional strategy, symbiotic N fixation (SNF), for N acquisition. SNF relies on development of specialized root organs known as nodules, which represent a distinct C sink. The genetic diversity of C partitioning in N fixing soybean to shoots, roots, and nodules has not been previously investigated but is valuable to better understand consequences of differential C allocation and to develop genetic resources, including identification of quantitative trait loci (QTLs).<br><br>RESULTS: A diversity panel of 402 soybean genotypes was phenotyped outdoors in a deep-tube system without addition of mineral N to measure allocation of biomass to the shoot, root, and nodules, as well as to determine nodule number, mean nodule biomass, and total shoot N accumulation. Wide ranges in phenotypes were observed for each of these traits, demonstrating extensive natural diversity in C partitioning and SNF in soybean. Using a set of 35,647 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers, we identified 121 SNPs tagging 103 QTLs that include both 84 novel and 19 previously identified QTLs for the eight examined traits. A candidate gene search identified 79 promising gene models in the vicinity of these QTLs. Favorable alleles of QTLs identified here may be used in breeding programs to develop elite cultivars with altered C partitioning.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: This study provides novel insights into the diversity of biomass allocation in soybean and illustrates that the traits measured here are heritable and quantitative. QTLs identified in this study can be used in genomic prediction models as well as for further investigation of candidate genes and their roles in determining partitioning of fixed C. Enhancing our understanding of C partitioning in plants may lead to elite cultivars with optimized resource use efficiencies.},
}
@article {pmid39709880,
year = {2024},
author = {Jiang, S and Lu, H and Xie, Y and Zhou, T and Dai, Z and Sun, R and He, L and Li, C},
title = {Toxicity of microplastics and nano-plastics to coral-symbiotic alga (Dinophyceae Symbiodinium): Evidence from alga physiology, ultrastructure, OJIP kinetics and multi-omics.},
journal = {Water research},
volume = {273},
number = {},
pages = {123002},
doi = {10.1016/j.watres.2024.123002},
pmid = {39709880},
issn = {1879-2448},
abstract = {Corals are representative of typical symbiotic organisms. The coral-algal (Symbiodinium spp.) symbiosis drives the productivity of entire coral reefs. In recent years, microplastics (MPs) and nano-plastics (NPs) have been shown to disrupt this symbiosis, leading to coral bleaching. However, how MPs/NPs affect the Symbiodinium spp. is less thoroughly explored. In this work, Dinophyceae Symbiodinium was employed as a model to study the toxicity effects of MPs and NPs with different concentrations (covering environment-related concentration) toward algae in terms of cellular responses, ultrastructure, OJIP kinetics curve and multi-omics. MPs and NPs caused adverse effects on algae growth throughout whole growing phase, with only slight differences observed in the maximal inhibition ratio. In addition to cell surface shrinkage, holes and plate sutures shedding of algae, the presence of distorted thylakoids, plasmolysis and expanded vesicle volume were observed due to the oxidative stress and physical damage caused by MPs/NPs. The results of OJIP kinetics and JIP-test revealed that MPs/NPs-induced deactivation of oxygen-releasing complex (OEC) centers, reduced electron transfer (photosystem II, PSII), and inefficient energy conversion of antenna proteins were the primary factors for photosynthesis reduction. Weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA) showed that the impairment of photosynthesis further induces metabolic disturbances, including reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and nucleotide metabolism dysregulation, thereby exacerbating DNA damage in the algae. Proteomics further validate the accuracy of our results and underscore the significance of the phosphatidylinositol (PI) signaling system in algae responding to MP/NPs acclimation. Collectively, our findings provide comprehensive insights into the ecotoxicity of NPs/MPs on symbiotic algae.},
}
@article {pmid39709662,
year = {2024},
author = {Cao, L and Wang, L and Qi, Y and Yang, S and Gao, J and Liu, Q and Song, L and Hu, R and Wang, Z and Zhang, H},
title = {Enhanced effect of ferrous sulfate on nitrogen retention and PBAT degradation during co-composting by combing with biochar-loaded FN1 bacterial composites.},
journal = {Journal of environmental management},
volume = {373},
number = {},
pages = {123749},
doi = {10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.123749},
pmid = {39709662},
issn = {1095-8630},
abstract = {The treatment of biodegradable plastics through composting has garnered increasing attention. This study aimed to investigate the effects of Biochar FN1 bacteria and ferrous sulfate on nitrogen retention, greenhouse gas emissions, and degradable plastics during composting and to elucidate their synergistic mechanisms on microbial communities. Compared with the control, applying biochar-loaded FN1 bacteria composites combined with Ferrous sulfate (SGC) markedly accelerated organic matter degradation and reduced cumulative CO2 and NH3 emissions. The synergistic interaction between the composites and Ferrous sulfate significantly enhanced NH4[+]-N levels in the thermophilic phase and NO3[-]-N levels in the cooling phase, ultimately decreasing nitrogen loss by 14.9% (P < 0.05) and increasing the seed germination index (GI) by 22.5% (P < 0.05). Additionally, PBAT plastic degradation was improved by 31.6% (P < 0.05). The SGC treatment also altered the richness and diversity of the bacterial community in both the compost and the PBAT plastic sphere, particularly affecting Sphingobacterium, Pseudomonas, and Flavobacterium at the genus level. Symbiotic network analysis and Redundancy Analysis revealed that these functional degradation bacteria were significantly positively correlated with NO3[-]-N levels and PBAT degradation. Furthermore, structural equation modelling indicated a positive relationship between PBAT degradation rate and composting temperature (r = 0.69, p < 0.05). The findings suggested that Fe[2+] not only enhanced the FN1 activity but also promoted PBAT degradation by increasing ·OH content on the PBAT plastic sphere. Overall, the combined use of biochar-loaded FN1 bacteria and Ferrous sulfate effectively supports nitrogen retention and plastic degradation during composting.},
}
@article {pmid39709489,
year = {2024},
author = {Chen, S and Qi, H and Zhu, X and Liu, T and Fan, Y and Su, Q and Gong, Q and Jia, C and Liu, T},
title = {Screening and identification of antimicrobial peptides from the gut microbiome of cockroach Blattella germanica.},
journal = {Microbiome},
volume = {12},
number = {1},
pages = {272},
pmid = {39709489},
issn = {2049-2618},
mesh = {Animals ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome/drug effects ; *Antimicrobial Peptides/pharmacology ; Mice ; *Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Bacteria/drug effects/classification/isolation &amp; purification ; Humans ; Blattellidae/microbiology ; Cockroaches/microbiology ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The overuse of antibiotics has led to lethal multi-antibiotic-resistant microorganisms around the globe, with restricted availability of novel antibiotics. Compared to conventional antibiotics, evolutionarily originated antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are promising alternatives to address these issues. The gut microbiome of Blattella germanica represents a previously untapped resource of naturally evolving AMPs for developing antimicrobial agents.<br><br>RESULTS: Using the in-house designed tool "AMPidentifier," AMP candidates were mined from the gut microbiome of B. germanica, and their activities were validated both in vitro and in vivo. Among filtered candidates, AMP1, derived from the symbiotic microorganism Blattabacterium cuenoti, demonstrated broad-spectrum antibacterial activity, low cytotoxicity towards mammalian cells, and a lack of hemolytic effects. Mechanistic studies revealed that AMP1 rapidly permeates the bacterial cell and accumulates intracellularly, resulting in a gradual and mild depolarization of the cell membrane during the initial incubation period, suggesting minimal direct impact on membrane integrity. Furthermore, observations from fluorescence microscopy and scanning electron microscopy indicated abnormalities in bacterial binary fission and compromised cell structure. These findings led to the hypothesis that AMP1 may inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis. Furthermore, AMP1 showed potent antibacterial and wound healing effects in mice, with comparable performances of vancomycin.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: This study exemplifies an interdisciplinary approach to screening safe and effective AMPs from natural biological tissues, and our identified AMP 1 holds promising potential for clinical application.},
}
@article {pmid39709001,
year = {2024},
author = {Mao, B and Wang, YY and Li, SY and Fu, Y and Xiao, YL and Wang, YF},
title = {A potential role for the interaction of Wolbachia surface proteins with the Drosophila microtubulin in maintenance of endosymbiosis and affecting spermiogenesis.},
journal = {Journal of insect physiology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {104743},
doi = {10.1016/j.jinsphys.2024.104743},
pmid = {39709001},
issn = {1879-1611},
abstract = {Wolbachia, as a widely infected intracellular symbiotic bacterium in Arthropoda, is able to manipulate the reproduction of insect hosts for facilitating their own transmission. Cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI) is the most common phenotype that Wolbachia induced in insect hosts where they resulted in the failure of uninfected egg hatch when fertilized with the sperm derived from Wolbachia-infected males, suggesting that the sperm are modified by Wolbachia during spermatogenesis. Although the molecular mechanisms of CI are beginning to be understood, the effects of Wolbachia on the symbiotic relationship and the proper dynamics of spermatogenesis have not yet been fully investigated. We report here that Wolbachia infection induced a significant upregulation of betaTub85D in the testis of Drosophila melanogaster. Knockdown of betaTub85D in fly testes resulted in significant decrease in the copy number of Wolbachia surface protein gene (wsp), indicating a notable reduction of Wolbachia density. Pull-down analyses revealed that WSP interacted with the betaTub85D of D. melanogaster. Wolbachia infection altered the interactome between betaTub85D and other proteins in the testes, and may thus change the protein synthesis and metabolic pathways. Wolbachia infection induced not only an interaction of betaTub85D with Mst77F but also increase in phosphorylated Mst77F. These results suggest that Wolbachia WSP protein might play important roles in anchoring the endosymbiont to the host's cytoskeleton and consequently interfere the interactions among key proteins involved in spermatogenesis in the insect host testes, resulting in modified sperm.},
}
@article {pmid39708146,
year = {2024},
author = {Zhao, L and Zhang, S and Li, J and Zhang, C and Xiao, R and Bai, X and Xu, H and Zhang, F},
title = {Unveiling Diversity and Function: Venom-Associated Microbes in Two Spiders, Heteropoda venatoria and Chilobrachys guangxiensis.},
journal = {Microbial ecology},
volume = {87},
number = {1},
pages = {156},
pmid = {39708146},
issn = {1432-184X},
mesh = {Animals ; *Spiders/microbiology/physiology ; *Spider Venoms ; *Bacteria/genetics/classification/drug effects/isolation &amp; purification ; Apoptosis ; Symbiosis ; Humans ; Cell Line, Tumor ; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacology ; },
abstract = {Spiders are natural predators of agricultural pests, primarily due to the potent venom in their venom glands. Spider venom is compositionally complex and holds research value. This study analyzes the diversity of symbiotic bacteria in spider venom glands and venom, as well as the biological activity of culturable symbiotic bacteria. Focusing on the venom glands and venom of Heteropoda venatoria and Chilobrachys guangxiensis, we identified a diverse array of microorganisms. High-throughput sequencing detected 2151 amplicon sequence variants (ASVs), spanning 31 phyla, 75 classes, and 617 genera. A total of 125 strains of cultivable bacteria were isolated. Using the Oxford cup method, crude extracts from 46 of these strains exhibited inhibitory effects against at least one indicator bacterium. MTT (Thiazolyl blue) assays revealed that the crude extracts from 43 strains had inhibitory effects on tumor cell line MGC-803 growth. Additionally, DAPI (4',6-diamidino-2'-phenylindole) staining and flow cytometry were employed to detect cell apoptosis. The anti-inflammatory activity of nine bacterial strains was assessed using a NO assay kit and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). This study further investigated the biological activity of venom, exploring the relationship between the venom and the functional activity of venom-associated bacteria.},
}
@article {pmid39707587,
year = {2024},
author = {Corrêa, JD and Carlos, PPS and Faria, GA and Pacheco, LCR and da Costa, VS and Mendes, IRR and de Oliveira, AB and Colombo, APV},
title = {The Healthy Oral Microbiome: A Changing Ecosystem throughout the Human Lifespan.},
journal = {Journal of dental research},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {220345241297583},
doi = {10.1177/00220345241297583},
pmid = {39707587},
issn = {1544-0591},
abstract = {Microorganisms have co-evolved with a variety of plants and animals, developing complex symbiotic relationships with their hosts and the environment. The diversity of symbionts acquired over time help their hosts to adapt, survive, and evolve more rapidly and efficiently, improving fitness across the lifespan. Understanding these synergistic relationships between humans and their endogenous microbiota may provide valuable information on human physiology and on potential mechanisms associated with the onset of diseases. This review summarizes current data on the composition and functionality of the predominant taxa of the healthy oral microbiome across different ages and habitats within the oral cavity, critically pointing out the inconsistency of methodologies for microbiological analysis and what still needs to be validated. We discuss how early acquisition and establishment of the oral microbiome are influenced by factors such as delivery type and feeding practices, and how adolescence marks a phase of significant shifts in the oral taxa due to hormonal and behavioral transitions. During adulthood, the healthy oral microbiome may acquire multistable signatures, shaped by genetic and environmental factors, while minor changes in core microorganisms are observed in the healthy aging populations. Overall, evidence shows that the oral microbiome is a complex ecosystem, continuously modulated by several factors, since its early acquisition through adulthood and into old age. Fluctuations do happen, but a resilient core community will persist over time in most humans to maintain homeostasis. Future challenges of microbiome research will rely on our ability to define multiple age-related healthy oral microbiomes across populations, so that oral dysbiosis can be detected and managed in advance. In this context, standardization of data acquisition and analysis, as well as improvements in multidisciplinary clinical diagnosis of oral health, must be pursued for a better comprehension of the balanced host-microbiome interaction.},
}
@article {pmid39707568,
year = {2024},
author = {Yang, X and Yuan, R and Yang, S and Dai, Z and Di, N and Yang, H and He, Z and Wei, M},
title = {A salt-tolerant growth-promoting phyllosphere microbial combination from mangrove plants and its mechanism for promoting salt tolerance in rice.},
journal = {Microbiome},
volume = {12},
number = {1},
pages = {270},
pmid = {39707568},
issn = {2049-2618},
mesh = {*Oryza/microbiology/growth &amp; development ; *Salt Tolerance ; *Plant Leaves/microbiology ; Microbiota ; Rhizosphere ; Pantoea/genetics ; Soil Microbiology ; Bacillus/genetics/isolation &amp; purification/physiology ; Bacteria/genetics/classification/isolation &amp; purification ; Wetlands ; Rhizophoraceae/microbiology ; Quorum Sensing ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Mangrove plants growing in the high salt environment of coastal intertidal zones colonize a variety of microorganisms in the phyllosphere, which have potential salt-tolerant and growth-promoting effects. However, the characteristics of microbial communities in the phyllosphere of mangrove species with and without salt glands and the differences between them remain unknown, and the exploration and the agricultural utilization of functional microbial resources from the leaves of mangrove plants are insufficient.<br><br>RESULTS: In this study, we examined six typical mangrove species to unravel the differences in the diversity and structure of phyllosphere microbial communities between mangrove species with or without salt glands. Our results showed that a combination of salt-tolerant growth-promoting strains of Pantoea stewartii A and Bacillus marisflavi Y25 (A&#x2009;+&#x2009;Y25) was constructed from the phyllosphere of mangrove plants, which demonstrated an ability to modulate osmotic substances in rice and regulate the expression of salt-resistance-associated genes. Further metagenomic analysis revealed that exogenous inoculation with A&#x2009;+&#x2009;Y25 increased the rice rhizosphere's specific microbial taxon Chloroflexi, thereby elevating microbial community quorum sensing and ultimately enhancing ionic balance and overall microbial community function to aid salt resistance in rice.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: This study advances our understanding of the mutualistic and symbiotic relationships between mangrove species and their phyllosphere microbial communities. It offers a paradigm for exploring agricultural beneficial microbial resources from mangrove leaves and providing the potential for applying the salt-tolerant bacterial consortium to enhance crop adaptability in saline-alkaline land. Video Abstract.},
}
@article {pmid39706716,
year = {2024},
author = {Elizondo, A and Williams, R and Anderson, S and Cresswell, K},
title = {Implementing integrated care infrastructure: A longitudinal study on the interplay of policies, interorganizational arrangements and interoperability in NHS England.},
journal = {Health policy (Amsterdam, Netherlands)},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {105237},
doi = {10.1016/j.healthpol.2024.105237},
pmid = {39706716},
issn = {1872-6054},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: New models of care that integrate health and social care provision around the patient require a supportive infrastructure, including interorganizational arrangements and information systems. While public policies have been designed to facilitate visions of integrated care, these often neglect the implementation of effective and efficient delivery mechanisms.<br><br>METHOD: This study examines a decade of attempts to move from fragmented health and care delivery to integrated care at scale in NHS England by developing and implementing a support infrastructure. We undertook a longitudinal qualitative investigation -encompassing interviews and documentary analysis- of the implementation of interorganizational and digital interoperability infrastructures intended to support integrated care policies.<br><br>FINDINGS: Our findings underscore the long-term symbiotic relationship between institutional interorganizational frameworks and the construction of interoperability infrastructures, emphasizing how they mutually reinforce each other to support their ongoing evolution. Iterative, flexible, and experimental approaches to implementation provide opportunities to adapt to local realities while learning in the making.<br><br>CONCLUSION: This study underlines the importance of adaptable, locally-informed implementation strategies in supporting the vision of integrated care, and the need to understand such development as a long-term, ongoing process of construction and learning.},
}
@article {pmid39706307,
year = {2024},
author = {Zhang, B and Liu, J and Cai, C and Zhou, Y},
title = {Membrane photobioreactor for biogas capture and conversion - Enhanced microbial interaction in biofilm.},
journal = {Bioresource technology},
volume = {418},
number = {},
pages = {131999},
doi = {10.1016/j.biortech.2024.131999},
pmid = {39706307},
issn = {1873-2976},
abstract = {The urgency to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions has driven interest in sustainable biogas utilization. This study investigates a 1 L enclosed membrane photobioreactor (MPBR) using a microalgae-methanotroph coculture for biogas capture. Operating with a hydraulic and solid retention time of 7 days and a biogas loading rate of 2.7 L /day, the introduction of gas membrane module increased CO2-C and CH4-C uptake rates by 12 % and 50 %, respectively. Biofilm formation on the membrane surface enhanced system performance, with imaging analyses revealing methanotroph predominantly located near the membrane surface and photosynthetic microorganisms distributed throughout. Metagenomic analysis showed shifts in key metabolic pathways, including increased abundance of soluble methane monooxygenase genes and enhanced vitamin B synthesis in the biofilm. These findings highlight the spatial organization and metabolic interactions in methanotroph-microalgae coculture system, providing insights into the role of membrane-induced biofilms in improving MPBR performance for sustainable biogas utilization.},
}
@article {pmid39703707,
year = {2024},
author = {Ma, M and Xue, H and Zhu, X and Wang, L and Niu, L and Luo, J and Cui, J and Gao, X},
title = {Symbiotic microbial population composition of Apolygus lucorum under temperature and pesticide pressures.},
journal = {Frontiers in microbiology},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1485708},
pmid = {39703707},
issn = {1664-302X},
abstract = {Insect population control using pesticides faces new challenges as global temperatures change. Symbiotic bacteria of insects play a key role in insect resistance to pesticides, and these symbiotic bacteria themselves are sensitive to the effects of temperature changes. Apolygus lucorum, a sucking pest, survives in a wide range of temperatures (15°C-35°C), and is presently controlled predominantly using the pesticide imidacloprid. Here, we investigated the effects of temperature and imidacloprid on A. lucorum microbial population composition using 16S rRNA sequencing. We found that the application of imidacloprid in high-temperature environments led to an increase in the species diversity of bacteria in the body of A. lucorum. High temperatures may disrupt the symbiotic relationship between certain bacteria and A. lucorum, such as Cedecea neteri. High temperatures led to a decrease in the abundance of Cedecea neteri. Agathobaculum butyriciproducens, Advenella migardefenensis, and Akkermansia muciniphila were very sensitive to temperature and were strongly affected by temperature changes. Microorganisms that were greatly affected by the concentration of imidacloprid in the community include Aeromonas caviae and Akkermansia muciniphila. The aim of this study is to reveal the dynamics and diversity of symbiotic bacteria of A. lucorum treated with imidacloprid at a range of temperatures. These results provide insight into new strategies for pest control in a changing climate.},
}
@article {pmid39702992,
year = {2024},
author = {Gamba, AG and Oakley, CA and Ashley, IA and Grossman, AR and Weis, VM and Suggett, DJ and Davy, SK},
title = {Oxylipin Receptors and Their Role in Inter-Partner Signalling in a Model Cnidarian-Dinoflagellate Symbiosis.},
journal = {Environmental microbiology},
volume = {26},
number = {12},
pages = {e70015},
doi = {10.1111/1462-2920.70015},
pmid = {39702992},
issn = {1462-2920},
support = {19-VUW-086//Marsden Fund of the Royal Society Te Ap&#x101;rangi/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Symbiosis ; *Sea Anemones/physiology ; *Signal Transduction ; *Dinoflagellida/physiology/metabolism ; *Oxylipins/metabolism ; },
abstract = {Oxylipin signalling is central in biology, mediating processes such as cellular homeostasis, inflammation and molecular signalling. It may also facilitate inter-partner communication in the cnidarian-dinoflagellate symbiosis, though this aspect remains understudied. In this study, four oxylipin receptors were characterised using immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting in the sea anemone Exaiptasia diaphana ('Aiptasia'): Prostaglandin E2 receptor 2 (EP2) and 4 (EP4), Transient Receptor Potential cation channel A1 (TRPA1) and Glutamate Receptor Ionotropic, Kainate 2 (GRIK2). Receptor abundance and localisation were compared between aposymbiotic anemones and symbiotic anemones hosting either native Breviolum minutum or non-native Durusdinium trenchii. All receptors were localised to the putative symbiosome of freshly isolated symbionts, suggesting a role in host-symbiont crosstalk. EP2, EP4 and TRPA1 abundance decreased in the gastrodermis of anemones hosting B. minutum, indicating potential downregulation of pathways mediated by these receptors. In contrast, GRIK2 abundance increased in anemones hosting D. trenchii in both the epidermis and gastrodermis; GRIK2 acts as a chemosensor of potential pathogens in other systems and could play a similar role here given D. trenchii's reputation as a sub-optimal partner for Aiptasia. This study contributes to the understanding of oxylipin signalling in the cnidarian-dinoflagellate symbiosis and supports further exploration of host-symbiont molecular signalling.},
}
@article {pmid39702246,
year = {2024},
author = {Song, X and Ju, Y and Chen, L and Zhang, W},
title = {Strategies and tools to construct stable and efficient artificial coculture systems as biosynthetic platforms for biomass conversion.},
journal = {Biotechnology for biofuels and bioproducts},
volume = {17},
number = {1},
pages = {148},
pmid = {39702246},
issn = {2731-3654},
support = {2019YFA0904600//National Key Research and Development Program of China/ ; 2019YFA0904600//National Key Research and Development Program of China/ ; 2019YFA0904600//National Key Research and Development Program of China/ ; 2019YFA0904600//National Key Research and Development Program of China/ ; },
abstract = {Inspired by the natural symbiotic relationships between diverse microbial members, researchers recently focused on modifying microbial chassis to create artificial coculture systems using synthetic biology tools. An increasing number of scientists are now exploring these systems as innovative biosynthetic platforms for biomass conversion. While significant advancements have been achieved, challenges remain in maintaining the stability and productivity of these systems. Sustaining an optimal population ratio over a long time period and balancing anabolism and catabolism during cultivation have proven difficult. Key issues, such as competitive or antagonistic relationships between microbial members, as well as metabolic imbalances and maladaptation, are critical factors affecting the stability and productivity of artificial coculture systems. In this article, we critically review current strategies and methods for improving the stability and productivity of these systems, with a focus on recent progress in biomass conversion. We also provide insights into future research directions, laying the groundwork for further development of artificial coculture biosynthetic platforms.},
}
@article {pmid39699583,
year = {2024},
author = {Galanti, D and Jung, JH and Müller, C and Bossdorf, O},
title = {Discarded sequencing reads uncover natural variation in pest resistance in Thlaspi arvense.},
journal = {eLife},
volume = {13},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {39699583},
issn = {2050-084X},
support = {764965//Horizon 2020 Framework Programme/ ; 401829393//Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Aphids/genetics ; *Plant Diseases/genetics/parasitology/microbiology ; Disease Resistance/genetics ; Genome-Wide Association Study ; Genetic Variation ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/genetics ; Genome, Plant/genetics ; },
abstract = {Understanding the genomic basis of natural variation in plant pest resistance is an important goal in plant science, but it usually requires large and labor-intensive phenotyping experiments. Here, we explored the possibility that non-target reads from plant DNA sequencing can serve as phenotyping proxies for addressing such questions. We used data from a whole-genome and -epigenome sequencing study of 207 natural lines of field pennycress (Thlaspi arvense) that were grown in a common environment and spontaneously colonized by aphids, mildew, and other microbes. We found that the numbers of non-target reads assigned to the pest species differed between populations, had significant SNP-based heritability, and were associated with climate of origin and baseline glucosinolate contents. Specifically, pennycress lines from cold and thermally fluctuating habitats, presumably less favorable to aphids, showed higher aphid DNA load, i.e., decreased aphid resistance. Genome-wide association analyses identified genetic variants at known defense genes but also novel genomic regions associated with variation in aphid and mildew DNA load. Moreover, we found several differentially methylated regions associated with pathogen loads, in particular differential methylation at transposons and hypomethylation in the promoter of a gene involved in stomatal closure, likely induced by pathogens. Our study provides first insights into the defense mechanisms of Thlaspi arvense, a rising crop and model species, and demonstrates that non-target whole-genome sequencing reads, usually discarded, can be leveraged to estimate intensities of plant biotic interactions. With rapidly increasing numbers of large sequencing datasets worldwide, this approach should have broad application in fundamental and applied research.},
}
@article {pmid39699123,
year = {2024},
author = {Wang, S and Wang, T and Gao, L and Du, H and Wang, D and Ma, M and Rennenberg, H},
title = {Iron addition promotes mercury removal from soil by Robinia pseudoacacia-rhizobia symbiosis.},
journal = {Tree physiology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/treephys/tpae166},
pmid = {39699123},
issn = {1758-4469},
abstract = {Iron plaques on the root surface can promote or inhibit the absorption and accumulation of heavy metals by plants. However, the mechanism by which iron regulates the response of Robinia pseudoacacia to mercury (Hg) have not been elucidated which hinders its application in divalent Hg (Hg2+) removal from Hg-contaminated soil. In this study, association analyses between transcriptome and metabolome were used to investigate effects of iron on the rhizosphere microenvironment and performance of R. pseudoacacia to assess its potential for Hg2+ removal. The results showed that the addition of 10 mg kg-1 iron significantly increased the development of iron plaques on root surface, and reduced the secretion of low-molecular-weight organic acids by roots, thereby changing rhizosphere soil characteristics and decreasing total Hg in roots. In addition, the secretion of choline supported signal transduction and enhanced the interaction between R. pseudoacacia and rhizobia, thereby inducing resistance to Hg2+. Anti-oxidative enzyme activities were increased and Hg2+ exposure of plants was reduced. Enhanced Hg2+ resistance was indicated by improved photosynthesis and growth despite promoted xylem loading and transport of Hg2+, resulting in its accumulation in aboveground tissues that is essential for Hg2+ removal. These results indicate that iron addition has a great potential to improve the growth of R. pseudoacacia in Hg-contaminated soil and promote the accumulation of Hg2+ in aboveground tissues for phytoremediation approaches.},
}
@article {pmid39697845,
year = {2024},
author = {Singkronart, K and Sun, JA and Shamsuddin, SR and Lee, KY},
title = {Upgrading Mixed Plastic Waste through Industrial Symbiosis: Pseudoductile Regenerated Cellulose Fiber-Reinforced Shredder Residue Composites.},
journal = {ACS applied polymer materials},
volume = {6},
number = {23},
pages = {14598-14607},
pmid = {39697845},
issn = {2637-6105},
abstract = {The mechanical performance of mixed plastic waste from shredder residue is hindered by brittleness and catastrophic failure, limiting its potential applications. In this study, the mechanical properties of mixed plastic is enhanced by reinforcement with rayon fibers through a wet powder impregnation process to leverage the fiber's ductility and entanglement. However, mixed plastic remains poorly dispersed in water during the composite manufacturing, resulting in poorly consolidated composite, which further deteriorates the mechanical properties of mixed plastic from 1.5% strain-at-break to 0.7%. To address this issue, the addition of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) surfactant is explored, where the optimal concentration is found beyond the critical micelle concentration at 10 mM. Lowering the surface tension of water and the adsorption of the SDS on the mixed plastic powder surface facilitated homogeneous dispersion of mixed plastic particles, resulting in well-consolidated rayon fiber-reinforced composites. The 30 wt % rayon fiber-reinforced mixed plastic composite prepared with SDS demonstrated a progressive failure behavior, exhibiting a strain-at-break of 8% and a remarkable 350% increase in impact strength compared to unreinforced mixed plastic. This approach provides a platform to overcome the inherent limitations of mixed plastic waste, offering waste-derived plastic alternatives and reducing the need for fossil-derived virgin materials for a wide range of noncritical applications.},
}
@article {pmid39695619,
year = {2024},
author = {Cao, J and Zhou, Y and Tian, T and Ji, J and Deng, Y and Guan, Y and Qi, Y and Wang, L and Wang, L and Huang, Y and Fan, Q and Duanmu, D},
title = {Type-B response regulator RRB12 regulates nodule formation in Lotus japonicus.},
journal = {BMC biology},
volume = {22},
number = {1},
pages = {293},
pmid = {39695619},
issn = {1741-7007},
support = {31870220//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; },
mesh = {*Lotus/genetics/microbiology ; *Plant Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; *Root Nodules, Plant/microbiology/metabolism/growth &amp; development/genetics ; *Cytokinins/metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Symbiosis ; Plant Root Nodulation/genetics ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The mutualistic beneficial relationship between legume plants and rhizobia enables the growth of plants in nitrogen-limiting conditions. Rhizobia infect legumes through root hairs and trigger nodule organogenesis in the cortex. The plant hormone cytokinin plays a pivotal role in regulating both rhizobial infection and the initiation of nodule development. However, the mechanism used by the cytokinin output module to control symbiosis remains poorly documented.<br><br>RESULTS: In this study, we identified a cytokinin signaling output component encoded by the Type-B RESPONSE REGULATOR (RRB) gene, LjRRB12, which is expressed in Lotus japonicus nodule primordia and young nodules. Disruption of LjRRB12 leads to a reduction in nodulation and to an increase in the number of infection threads. Overexpression of LjRRB12[D76E], an active form of the LjRRB12 protein, induces nodule-like structures in wild type and hit1 (hyperinfected 1/lotus histidine kinase 1) mutants but not in nin2 (nodule inception 2) mutants. Additionally, we utilized nCUT&amp;Tag and EMSA to demonstrate that LjRRB12 can bind a CE (cytokinin response element) from the LjNIN promoter.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Our results provide a deeper understanding of nodule organogenesis by establishing a link between the cytokinin signal and the transcriptional regulation of LjNIN.},
}
@article {pmid39695182,
year = {2024},
author = {Bell, CJ and Sena, JA and Fajardo, DA and Lavelle, EM and Costa, MA and Herman, B and Davin, LB and Lewis, NG and Berry, AM},
title = {A root nodule microbiome sequencing data set from red alder (Alnus rubra Bong.).},
journal = {Scientific data},
volume = {11},
number = {1},
pages = {1343},
pmid = {39695182},
issn = {2052-4463},
support = {1547842//National Science Foundation (NSF)/ ; 1547842//National Science Foundation (NSF)/ ; 1547842//National Science Foundation (NSF)/ ; 1547842//National Science Foundation (NSF)/ ; 1547842//National Science Foundation (NSF)/ ; 1547842//National Science Foundation (NSF)/ ; 1547842//National Science Foundation (NSF)/ ; 1547842//National Science Foundation (NSF)/ ; },
mesh = {*Microbiota ; *Root Nodules, Plant/microbiology ; *Alnus/microbiology ; *High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing ; *Symbiosis ; Frankia/genetics ; },
abstract = {There have been frequent reports of more than one strain of the nitrogen-fixing symbiont, Frankia, in the same root nodule of plants in the genus Alnus, but quantitative assessments of their relative contributions have not been made to date. Neither has the diversity of other microbes, having potential functional roles in symbiosis, been systematically evaluated. Alnus rubra root nodule microbiota were studied using Illumina short read sequencing and kmer-based read classification. Single end 76 bp sequencing was done to a median depth of 96 million reads per sample. Reads were assigned to taxa using KrakenUniq, with taxon abundances being estimated using its companion program Bracken. This was the first high resolution study of Alnus root nodules using next generation sequencing (NGS), quantifying multiple Cluster 1 A Frankia strains in single nodules, and in some cases, a Cluster 4 strain. Root nodules were found to contain diverse bacteria, including several genera containing species known to have growth-promoting effects. Evidence was found for partitioning of some bacterial strains in older versus younger lobes.},
}
@article {pmid39695176,
year = {2024},
author = {Hargadon, AC and Viliunas, JW and Koehler, S and Thies, AB and Chen, GY and Ladinsky, MS and Kuwabara, J and Avila-Magana, V and Ruby, EG and Tresguerres, M and McFall-Ngai, MJ},
title = {An acidic microenvironment produced by the V-type ATPase of Euprymna scolopes promotes specificity during Vibrio fischeri recruitment.},
journal = {Communications biology},
volume = {7},
number = {1},
pages = {1642},
pmid = {39695176},
issn = {2399-3642},
support = {R37 AI50661//U.S. Department of Health &amp; Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)/ ; R37-AI50661//U.S. Department of Health &amp; Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)/ ; R01 GM135254/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/United States ; R01-GM135254//U.S. Department of Health &amp; Human Services | NIH | National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS)/ ; GRFP 1842402//National Science Foundation (NSF)/ ; GRFP//National Science Foundation (NSF)/ ; },
mesh = {*Aliivibrio fischeri/genetics/physiology/enzymology ; Animals ; *Decapodiformes/microbiology ; *Symbiosis ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Vacuolar Proton-Translocating ATPases/metabolism/genetics ; },
abstract = {Animals often acquire their microbial symbionts from the environment, but the mechanisms underlying how specificity of the association is achieved are poorly understood. We demonstrate that the conserved proton pump, V-type ATPase (VHA), plays a key role in the establishment of the model light-organ symbiosis between the squid Euprymna scolopes and its bacterial partner, Vibrio fischeri. Recruitment of V. fischeri from the surrounding seawater is mediated by juvenile-specific ciliated fields on the organ's surface. These epithelia produce acidic mucus containing antimicrobials with low-pH optima, creating a chemical environment fostering specific recruitment of V. fischeri. We provide evidence that this critical acidic landscape is created by activity of VHA. VHA inhibition abolished epithelial-cell acidity, resulting in increased mucus pH and inefficient symbiont colonization. Thus, VHA provides a mechanistic link between host modulation of microenvironmental acidity, immune function, and selection of microbial symbionts, a strategy for specificity that may govern other symbioses.},
}
@article {pmid39693975,
year = {2024},
author = {Bharti, S and Raj, A and Saratale, GD and Romanholo Ferreira, LF and Lucena de Souza, R and Mulla, SI and Bharagava, RN},
title = {A critical review on the symbiotic effect of bacteria and microalgae on treatment of sewage with biofertilizer production.},
journal = {Journal of environmental management},
volume = {373},
number = {},
pages = {123704},
doi = {10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.123704},
pmid = {39693975},
issn = {1095-8630},
abstract = {Wastes like sewage, kitchen and industrial are the major sources of environmental pollution and health hazards. Sewage contains 99.9% water and 0.1% solid waste including urinal waste and faecal matter alongwith large amounts of nitrate, nitrite, ammonium and phosphate ions. Sewage may also contain a variety of harmful contaminants like analgesics, antihypertensive drugs, antibiotics, dioxin, furans, polychlorinated biphenyls, chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticides, chlorine derivatives and plasticizers etc. making it more harmfull to environment and public health. Hence, sewage must be adequately treated by an effective process before its final discharge into the environment. Biological treatment of sewage is an emerging idea in recent years, which has diverse economic and environmental advantages. Sewage treatment by bacteria and microalgae has numerous advantages as it removes various excessive nutrients from waste with large biomass production and also prevents the utilization of toxic chemicals in conventional treatment process. Microalgae-bacterial biomass have potential to be used as biofertilizers, bio-stimulants and bio-seed primers in agricultural field as these contain various biologically active substances like polysaccharides, carotenoids, free fatty acids, phenols, and terpenoids. This review paper mainly discussing the sewage characteristics and different kinds of organic and inorganic pollutants it contained alongwith its harmfull impacts on environment and public health. It also deals the different conventional as well as emerging treatment technologies and different factors affecting the treatment efficiency. In addition, the utilization of developed microalgal and bacterial biomass as biofertilizer and its effects on crop plant alongwith future prospects has been also discussed in detail.},
}
@article {pmid39691195,
year = {2024},
author = {Banda, MF and Matabane, DL and Munyengabe, A},
title = {A phytoremediation approach for the restoration of coal fly ash polluted sites: A review.},
journal = {Heliyon},
volume = {10},
number = {23},
pages = {e40741},
pmid = {39691195},
issn = {2405-8440},
abstract = {Coal fly ash (CFA) is a predominant waste by-product of coal combustion which is disposed of in open ash dams that utilize large pieces of land. This waste material is classified as a hazardous substance in South Africa as well as in other countries due to its fine particles that are easily blown to the atmosphere and the unacceptable levels of heavy metals and persistent organic pollutants. Contaminants in CFA can pollute surface and ground water, agricultural sites, soil and therefore pose risks to the health of humans and the environment. More than 500 million tons of CFA is produced yearly and over 200 million tons remain unused globally. The production will continue due to high consumer energy demands, especially in countries with heavy reliance on coal for power generation. Despite a significant progress made on the application of phytoremediation approach for decontamination of polluted sites, there is very limited evidence for its potential in the rehabilitation of CFA dumps. Low organic carbon, microbial activities and availability of nutrients including nitrogen contribute to restricted plant growth in CFA, and therefore converting ash dumps to barren lands devoid of vegetation. Leguminous plant species can fix atmospheric nitrogen through symbiotic association with bacteria. Therefore, their intercropping mixture development can improve the chemistry of the substrate and facilitate nutrients availability to the companion plants. This approach can enhance the performance of phytoremediation and promote sustainable practices. The paper provides an overview of the ongoing burden of CFA disposal and discusses the ecological and economic benefits of using legumes, aromatic and bioenergy plants. We identify knowledge gaps to establishing vegetation in ash dumping sites, and provide insights to encourage continued research that will enhance the applicability of phytoremediation in restoration programs.},
}
@article {pmid39690891,
year = {2024},
author = {Fan, W and Liu, K and Xu, Y and Chi, Z},
title = {Solid-state fermentation of corn wet distiller grains and wheat bran with Trichoderma reesei and Candida utilis for improving feed value.},
journal = {Journal of the science of food and agriculture},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1002/jsfa.14079},
pmid = {39690891},
issn = {1097-0010},
support = {41861124004//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; LJ212410152036//Basic Scientific Research Project of Colleges and Universities of Liaoning Provincial Department of Education/ ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Solid-state fermentation is one of the most effective methods for the high-value utilization of agro-industrial by-products. Co-fermentation of wet distiller grains and agricultural waste is an effective way to mitigate the feed shortage caused by corn consumption for bioethanol. It is still challenging to convert wet distiller grains and wheat bran to easily accessible carbon sources and adjust the balanced proportion of amino acids together by fermentation.<br><br>RESULTS: Fermentation time, strain ratio, and the addition of ammonium sulfate have been verified to be the important factors influencing the symbiosis of Trichoderma reesei (T. reesei) and Candida utilis (C. utilis) in a mixed system of wet distiller grains and wheat bran. The optimum conditions were fermentation for 8&#x2009;days, 2:1 (T. reesei: C. utilis) strain ratio, and addition of 4% ammonium sulfate. After fermentation, the cellulose degradation proportion reached 39.1%, and the hemicellulose degradation proportion was 13.1%. The protein content improved by 29.6%. The lysine content increased by 126%, reaching 11.3&#x2009;g&#xb7;kg[-1]. The threonine content increased from 6.10 to 10.3&#x2009;g&#xb7;kg[-1]. The phytate content was decreased to 3.97&#x2009;g&#xb7;kg[-1]. The in vitro digestibility of dry matter and protein increased to 62.8% and 76.1%, respectively.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: These results indicated the feasibility of improving the feeding value of wet distiller grains and wheat bran by the symbiosis of T. reesei and C. utilis. &#xa9; 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.},
}
@article {pmid39690548,
year = {2024},
author = {Rusakova, MI and Manzhurova, MI and Zakaryan, AN and Lopatina, SL and Frolova, EF and Raevskiy, KP},
title = {[The gut microbiota in bipolar disorder].},
journal = {Zhurnal nevrologii i psikhiatrii imeni S.S. Korsakova},
volume = {124},
number = {11},
pages = {28-33},
doi = {10.17116/jnevro202412411128},
pmid = {39690548},
issn = {1997-7298},
mesh = {Humans ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome/physiology ; *Bipolar Disorder/microbiology ; *Brain-Gut Axis/physiology ; Brain/microbiology ; Gastrointestinal Tract/microbiology ; Probiotics/therapeutic use ; },
abstract = {The gut microbiota is a community of microorganisms that live in the digestive tract of living beings and form bidirectional symbiotic relationships with them. It is known that gut bacteria play an important role in maintaining the functioning of the host organism, and disruption in the normal composition of the gut microbiota can contribute to the development of many diseases. The study of microbiota has been gaining popularity in recent years, and its influence on the course of various pathological conditions is becoming more and more undeniable. Due to the growing evidence supporting the connection between the gastrointestinal tract, microbiota and brain, the term «microbiota-gut-brain axis» has appeared. It regulates the functions of the central nervous system, affecting the mood, behavior of the host and, therefore, is involved in the pathogenesis of various mental disorders. Bipolar disorder, a long-known affective mental illness of an endogenous origin, is no exception. The review analyzes the evidence on the relationship between gut microbiota and bipolar disorder, as well as an overview of additional treatments for this disease that affect the microflora of the human body.},
}
@article {pmid39690524,
year = {2024},
author = {Groover, A and Holbrook, NM and Polle, A and Sala, A and Medlyn, B and Brodersen, C and Pittermann, J and Gersony, J and Sokołowska, K and Bogar, L and McDowell, N and Spicer, R and David-Schwartz, R and Keller, S and Tschaplinski, TJ and Preisler, Y},
title = {Tree drought physiology: critical research questions and strategies for mitigating climate change effects on forests.},
journal = {The New phytologist},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/nph.20326},
pmid = {39690524},
issn = {1469-8137},
support = {89243022SSC0000//Biological and Environmental Research/ ; //Northern Research Station/ ; 1856450//NSF-IOS/ ; 1029588//USDA NIFA/ ; //New Phytologist Trust/ ; //US Forest Service/ ; //National Science Foundation and the Department of Energy's Next Generation Ecosystem Experiment-Tropics/ ; ERKP886//Center for Bioenergy Innovation (CBI), US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Biological and Environmental Research Program/ ; 2222348//NSF ORCC/ ; },
abstract = {Droughts of increasing severity and frequency are a primary cause of forest mortality associated with climate change. Yet, fundamental knowledge gaps regarding the complex physiology of trees limit the development of more effective management strategies to mitigate drought effects on forests. Here, we highlight some of the basic research needed to better understand tree drought physiology and how new technologies and interdisciplinary approaches can be used to address them. Our discussion focuses on how trees change wood development to mitigate water stress, hormonal responses to drought, genetic variation underlying adaptive drought phenotypes, how trees 'remember' prior stress exposure, and how symbiotic soil microbes affect drought response. Next, we identify opportunities for using research findings to enhance or develop new strategies for managing drought effects on forests, ranging from matching genotypes to environments, to enhancing seedling resilience through nursery treatments, to landscape-scale monitoring and predictions. We conclude with a discussion of the need for co-producing research with land managers and extending research to forests in critical ecological regions beyond the temperate zone.},
}
@article {pmid39690016,
year = {2024},
author = {Guerra-Garcia, FJ and Sankari, S},
title = {NCR peptides in plant-bacterial symbiosis: applications and importance.},
journal = {Trends in microbiology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.tim.2024.11.012},
pmid = {39690016},
issn = {1878-4380},
abstract = {While establishing symbiotic relationships with nitrogen-fixing soil bacteria certain legumes produce nodule-specific cysteine rich peptides. These peptides turn the bacteria into terminally differentiated non-replicative bacteroids. Here, we discuss the properties, essentiality, emerging clinical and agricultural applications, and the need to study the detailed mechanism of action of these peptides.},
}
@article {pmid39689471,
year = {2024},
author = {Li, M and Chen, H and Wang, M and Zhong, Z and Lian, C and Zhou, L and Zhang, H and Wang, H and Cao, L and Li, C},
title = {Phenotypic plasticity of symbiotic organ highlight deep-sea mussel as model species in monitoring fluid extinction of deep-sea methane hydrate.},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
volume = {958},
number = {},
pages = {178048},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.178048},
pmid = {39689471},
issn = {1879-1026},
abstract = {Methane hydrates stored in cold seeps are an important source of energy and carbon for both the endemic chemosynthetic community and humanity. However, the methane fluids may cease and even stop naturally or anthropogenically, calling for a thorough evaluation of its potential impact on the endemic species and local chemosynthetic ecosystems. As one dominant megafauna in cold seeps, some of the deep-sea mussels rely on methanotrophic endosymbionts for nutrition and therefore could serve as a promising model in monitoring the dynamic changes of methane hydrate. However, knowledge on the long-term responses of deep-sea mussels to environmental stresses induced by methane reduction and deprivation, is still lacking. Here, we set up a laboratory system and cultivated methanotrophic deep-sea mussel Gigantidas platifrons without methane supply to survey the phenotypic changes after methane deprivation. While the mussels managed to survive for >10 months after the methane deprivation, drastic changes in the metabolism, function, and development of gill tissue, and in the association with methanotrophic symbionts were observed. In detail, the mussel digested all methanotrophic endosymbionts shortly after methane deprivation for nutrition and remodeled the global metabolism of gill to conserve energy. As the methane deprivation continued, the mussel replaced its bacteriocytes with ciliated cells to support filter-feeding, which is an atavistic trait in non-symbiotic mussels. During the long-term methane deprivation assay, the mussel also retained the generation of new cells to support the phenotypic changes of gill and even promoted the activity after being transplanted back to deep-sea, showing the potential resilience after long-term methane deprivation. Evidences further highlighted the participation of symbiont sterol metabolism in regulating these processes. These results collectively show the phenotypic plasticity of deep-sea mussels and their dynamic responses to methane deprivation, providing essential information in assessing the long-term influence of methane hydrate extinction.},
}
@article {pmid39688607,
year = {2024},
author = {Liapis, CC},
title = {["Pseudoneurotransmission" and gut microbiome - brain communication in neuropsychiatric disorders].},
journal = {Psychiatrike = Psychiatriki},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.22365/jpsych.2024.024},
pmid = {39688607},
issn = {1105-2333},
abstract = {The gut microbiome, which comprises symbiotic bacteria colonizing the human digestive tract, undergoes dynamic changes during the lifespan, as evidenced by the fact that the number of species and the diversity of their composition decrease significantly with age. The aim of this review is to illuminate bilateral neuroimmunological pathways that determine the role of gut microbiome dysbiosis, not only as a cause but also as a byproduct of many neurodegenerative diseases of the CNS, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD), but also in the frame of several behavioral and psychiatric pathological conditions such as depressive and anxiety disorders, schizophrenia, and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Dysbiosis, in particular, reveals a model of "deceptive" mimicry of host molecules that might cause abnormal folding ("misfolding") and pathological aggregation of Aβ-peptide, leading to its dispersion through the gut-brain axis, precipitating microglia cell activation. By controlling myelination at the prefrontal cortex (PFC), a crucial area for multifaceted cognitive behavior, forecasting, and decision-making, the gut/microbiome-brain axis influences mood and social behavior, since major depressive disorder is correlated to white matter disturbance in the PFC, due to disregulations in the expression of myelin-related mRNA in this area. The gut microbiome is altered in psychosis compared to healthy controls, while medication with antipsychotics may result in reduced microbial community diversity. The vagus nerve, as a key element of the parasympathetic nervous system, regulating immune responses, may "detect" gut microbiome metabolites and transfer this intestinal information to the CNS, through its afferents, as in a "pseudo-neurotransmission" process. Scientific interest towards microbiome-based therapies increases as psychobiotics (which are strains of probiotics/prebiotics with specific properties to influence the gut-brain axis) appear to be able to exercise a beneficial effect in many CNS disorders. Lifestyle modifications, such as dietary interventions via psychobiotics intake that might enhance the gut microbiome's ability to produce beneficial metabolites that exert therapeutic effects on intestinal permeability, cognitive function, and immunity, may reveal new research pathways and therapeutic directions leading to a radical change of the "epistemology paradigm" as far as prevention and treatment of major neuro-psychiatric disorders is concerned.},
}
@article {pmid39686544,
year = {2024},
author = {Stott, C and Diop, A and Raymann, K and Bobay, LM},
title = {Co-evolution and Gene Transfers Drive Speciation Patterns in Host-Associated Bacteria.},
journal = {Molecular biology and evolution},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/molbev/msae256},
pmid = {39686544},
issn = {1537-1719},
abstract = {Microbial communities that maintain symbiotic relationships with animals evolve by adapting to the specific environmental niche provided by their host, yet understanding their patterns of speciation remains challenging. Whether bacterial speciation occurs primarily through allopatric or sympatric processes remains an open question. In addition, patterns of DNA transfers, which are pervasive in bacteria, are more constrained in a closed host-gut system. Eusocial bees have co-evolved with their specialized microbiota for over 85 million years, constituting a simple and valuable system to study the complex dynamics of host-associated microbial interactions. Here we studied the patterns of speciation and evolution of seven specialized gut bacteria from three clades of eusocial bee species: western honey bees, eastern honey bees and bumblebees. We conducted genomic analyses to infer species delineation relative to the patterns of homologous recombination (HR), and horizontal gene transfer (HGT). The studied bacteria presented various modes of evolution and speciation relative to their hosts, but some trends were consistent across all of them. We observed a clear interruption of homologous recombination between bacteria inhabiting different bee hosts, which is consistent with a mechanism of allopatric speciation, but we also identified interruptions of homologous recombination within hosts, suggesting recent or ongoing sympatric speciation. In contrast to HR, we observed that HGT events were not constrained by species borders. Overall, our findings show that in host-associated bacterial populations, patterns of HR and HGT have different impacts on speciation patterns, which are driven by both allopatric and sympatric speciation processes.},
}
@article {pmid39684904,
year = {2024},
author = {Kameli, N and Becker, HEF and Jonkers, DM and Penders, J and Savelkoul, P and Stassen, F},
title = {Investigating the Immunomodulatory Impact of Fecal Bacterial Membrane Vesicles and Their IgA Coating Patterns in Crohn's Disease Patients.},
journal = {International journal of molecular sciences},
volume = {25},
number = {23},
pages = {},
pmid = {39684904},
issn = {1422-0067},
mesh = {Humans ; *Crohn Disease/immunology/microbiology/pathology/metabolism ; *Immunoglobulin A/immunology/metabolism ; *Feces/microbiology ; Adult ; Male ; Female ; Extracellular Vesicles/immunology/metabolism ; THP-1 Cells ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism ; Bacteria/immunology ; Middle Aged ; Immunomodulation ; Interleukin-10/metabolism ; },
abstract = {The human intestinal tract contains trillions of bacteria that coexist in a symbiotic relationship with human cells. Imbalances in this interaction can lead to disorders such as Crohn's disease (CD). Bacteria membrane vesicles (MVs), which are released by almost all bacteria, have been demonstrated to play a crucial role in bacteria-host interactions. In this study, we assessed the physical characterizations, immunomodulatory effects, and IgA interactions of MVs derived from fecal samples of CD patients and healthy controls (HCs). MVs were isolated from the frozen fecal samples using a combination of ultrafiltration and size-exclusion chromatography. Using nanoparticle tracking analysis, we found that the MVs of the CD patients showed a significantly lower concentration compared to those of the HCs. Cryo-transmission electron microscopy revealed the larger size of the MVs in active CD (Ac-CD) compared to the MVs of remission CD (Re-CD) and HCs. Differentiated monocyte THP-1 cells released more TNF-a when exposed to MVs from the HCs compared to the CD patients. On the other hand, the MVs from the HCs and Re-CD patients but not the Ac-CD patients induced more anti-inflammatory IL-10. Intriguingly, bead-based flow cytometry analysis showed that the MVs of the HCs and Re-CD patients were more coated with IgA compared to those of the Ac-CD patients. These results suggest the potential role of MVs in the immunomodulatory impact on the pathophysiology of CD. Moreover, IgA seems to regulate these effects by direct binding, which was not the case for the Ac-CD patients. Finally, the IgA coating patterns of the MVs could be used as an additional disease biomarker, as they can clearly identify the exacerbation status of CD.},
}
@article {pmid39684404,
year = {2024},
author = {Kisiel, A and Miller, T and Łobodzińska, A and Rybak, K},
title = {Biosynthesis of Phenolic Compounds of Medicago truncatula After Inoculation with Selected PGPR Strains.},
journal = {International journal of molecular sciences},
volume = {25},
number = {23},
pages = {},
pmid = {39684404},
issn = {1422-0067},
support = {RID/SP/0045/2024/01//Minister of Science Poland, "Regional Excellence Initiative"/ ; },
mesh = {*Medicago truncatula/microbiology/metabolism/genetics ; *Phenols/metabolism ; *Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase/metabolism/genetics ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Pseudomonas/metabolism/genetics ; Plant Roots/metabolism/microbiology ; Symbiosis ; Plant Leaves/metabolism/microbiology ; Plant Proteins/metabolism/genetics ; Sinorhizobium meliloti/metabolism/genetics ; },
abstract = {The phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway is involved in the response of plants to stress factors, including microorganisms. This paper presents how free-living strains of rhizobacteria Pseudomonas brassicacearum KK5, P. corrugata KK7, Paenibacillus borealis KK4, and the symbiotic strain Sinorhizobium meliloti KK13 affect the expression of genes encoding phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), the activity of this enzyme, and the production of phenolic compounds in Medicago truncatula. Seedlings were inoculated with rhizobacteria, then at T0, T24, T72, and T168 after inoculation, the leaves and roots were analyzed for gene expression, enzyme activity, and the content of phenolic compounds. All bacteria affected PAL gene expression, in particular, MtPAL2, MtPAL3, and MtPAL4. Pseudomonas strains had the greatest impact on gene expression. The inoculation affected PAL activity causing it to increase or decrease. The most stimulating effect on enzyme activity was observed 168 h after inoculation. A varied effect was also observed in the case of the content of phenolic compounds. The greatest changes were observed 24 h after inoculation, especially with the KK7 strain. The influence of the studied rhizobacteria on the biosynthesis of phenolic compounds at the molecular level (expression of MtPAL genes) and biochemical level (PAL activity and content of phenolic compounds) was confirmed. The MtPAL3 gene underwent the most significant changes after inoculation and can be used as a marker to assess the interaction between M. truncatula and rhizobacteria. The Pseudomonas strains had the greatest influence on the biosynthesis pathway of phenolic compounds.},
}
@article {pmid39683232,
year = {2024},
author = {Gorshkov, AP and Kusakin, PG and Vorobiev, MG and Tsyganova, AV and Tsyganov, VE},
title = {Effect of Insecticides Imidacloprid and Alpha-Cypermethrin on the Development of Pea (Pisum sativum L.) Nodules.},
journal = {Plants (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {13},
number = {23},
pages = {},
pmid = {39683232},
issn = {2223-7747},
support = {&#x2116; 075-15-2022-320 date 20 April 2022//the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation/ ; },
abstract = {Insecticides are used commonly in agricultural production to defend plants, including legumes, from insect pests. It is a known fact that insecticides can have a harmful effect on the legume-rhizobial symbiosis. In this study, the effects of systemic seed treatment insecticide Imidor Pro (imidacloprid) and foliar insecticide Faskord (alpha-cypermethrin) on the structural organization of pea (Pisum sativum L.) nodules and their transcriptomic activity were investigated. The plants were treated as recommended by the manufacturer (10 mg/mL for Imidor Pro and 50 µg/mL for Faskord) and twofold concentrations were used for both insecticides. Insecticides had no visible effect on the growth of pea plants. The nodules also showed no visible changes, except for the variant treated with twofold concentration of Imidor Pro. However, the dry weight of shoots and roots differed significantly in insecticide-treated plants compared to untreated plants in almost all treatments. The number of nodules decreased in variants with Imidor Pro treatment. At the ultrastructural level, both insecticides caused cell wall deformation, poly-β-hydroxybutyrate accumulation in bacteroids, expansion of the peribacteroid space in symbiosomes, and inclusions in vacuoles. Treatment with Faskord caused chromatin condensation in nucleus. Imidor Pro treatment caused hypertrophy of infection droplets by increasing the amount of matrix, as confirmed by immunofluorescence analysis of extensins. Transcriptome analysis revealed upregulation of expression of a number of extensin-like protein-coding genes in nodules after the Imidor Pro treatment. Overall, both insecticides caused some minor changes in the legume-rhizobial system when used at recommended doses, but Faskord, an enteric contact insecticide, has fewer negative effects on symbiotic nodules and legume plants; of these two insecticides, it is preferred in pea agricultural production.},
}
@article {pmid39683100,
year = {2024},
author = {Luo, Z and Han, H and Yao, H and Yan, G and Bai, J and Shi, L and Pei, X and Li, J and Li, Q},
title = {Effects of Artificially Modified Microbial Communities on the Root Growth and Development of Tall Fescue in Nutrient-Poor Rubble Soil.},
journal = {Plants (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {13},
number = {23},
pages = {},
pmid = {39683100},
issn = {2223-7747},
support = {2021YFB2301605-4//Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China, National Key R&amp;D Programme/ ; },
abstract = {The granite rubble soil produced through excavation during construction is nutrient-poor and has a simplified microbial community, making it difficult for plants to grow and increasing the challenges of ecological restoration. Recent studies have demonstrated that microbial inoculants significantly promote plant growth and are considered a potential factor influencing root development. Microorganisms influence root development either directly or indirectly, forming beneficial symbiotic relationships with plant roots. However, the mechanisms by which microorganisms affect root development and root anatomy, as well as the dynamics of soil microbial communities following the artificial application of microbial inoculants, remain unclear. This experiment utilized granite rubble soil from construction excavation in a pot trial, implementing five different treatment methods. After the fast-growing grass species tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) was planted, four growth-promoting microbial inoculants-Bacillus subtilis (K), Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (JD), Aspergillus niger (H), and Trichoderma harzianum (HC)-were applied to the soil in the pots. These treatments were compared with a control group (CK) that received no microbial inoculant. At 120 days of plant growth, the composition of the soil microbial community, biomass, root structure, and root anatomy were measured for each treatment group. This analysis aimed to explore the effects of different microbial treatments on the microbial communities and root development of Festuca arundinacea root soil. The study found that the addition of microbial inoculants reduced the number of microbial operational taxonomic units (OTUs) of bacteria and fungi in the soil, affecting both the marker species and their abundance at the phylum level. Additionally, microbial inoculants promoted the development of the tall fescue root structure, increasing metrics such as the total root length, root surface area, root volume, and root-to-shoot ratio per plant. Redundancy analysis (RDA) revealed that the area ratios of various components in the root anatomy of tall fescue's primary roots, such as the root cortex area, stele area, and the number of lateral roots, were influenced by Proteobacteria. Mortierellomycota was found to affect the root epidermis area.},
}
@article {pmid39683068,
year = {2024},
author = {Qiu, C and Jin, X and Zhao, Y and Kuai, P and Lou, Y},
title = {A Nucleotide-Binding Domain Leucine-Rich Repeat Gene Regulates Plant Growth and Defense Against Chewing Herbivores.},
journal = {Plants (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {13},
number = {23},
pages = {},
pmid = {39683068},
issn = {2223-7747},
support = {2023A0200904//Major Science and Technology project of Xinjiang/ ; },
abstract = {Plant nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat immune receptor genes (NLRs) play an important role in plant defenses against pathogens, pathogenic nematodes, and piercing-sucking herbivores. However, little is known about their functions in plant defenses against chewing herbivores. Here, we identified a plasma membrane-localized coiled-coil-type NLR protein, OsPik-2-like, whose transcript levels were induced by the infestation of rice leaf folder (LF, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis) larvae, and by treatment with mechanical wounding. Knocking out OsPik-2-like in rice increased the LF-induced levels of jasmonic acid (JA) and jasmonoyl-isoleucine (JA-Ile), the activity of trypsin protease inhibitors (TrypPIs), and the basal levels of some flavonoids, which in turn decreased the performance of LF larvae. Moreover, knocking out OsPik-2-like reduced plant growth. These findings demonstrate that OsPik-2-like regulates the symbiosis between rice and LF by balancing plant growth and defense.},
}
@article {pmid39683062,
year = {2024},
author = {Danso Ofori, A and Su, W and Zheng, T and Datsomor, O and Titriku, JK and Xiang, X and Kandhro, AG and Ahmed, MI and Mawuli, EW and Awuah, RT and Zheng, A},
title = {Roles of Phyllosphere Microbes in Rice Health and Productivity.},
journal = {Plants (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {13},
number = {23},
pages = {},
pmid = {39683062},
issn = {2223-7747},
support = {2019YFN0010, 2020YFH0161, and 22GJHZ0024//Project of the Science and Technology Department of Sichuan Province/ ; 2021-YF05-02326-SN//Chengdu Science and Technology Bureau/ ; },
abstract = {The phyllosphere, comprising the aerial portions of plants, is a vibrant ecosystem teeming with diverse microorganisms crucial for plant health and productivity. This review examines the functional roles of phyllosphere microorganisms in rice (Oryza sativa), focusing on their importance in nutrient uptake, disease resistance, and growth promotion. The molecular mechanisms underlying these interactions are explored along with their potential applications in enhancing sustainable rice production. The symbiotic relationships between rice plants and their associated microorganisms are highlighted, offering insights into improved agricultural practices. Furthermore, this review addresses the challenges and future developments in translating laboratory findings into practical applications. By synthesizing current research, this comprehensive analysis serves as a valuable resource for leveraging phyllosphere microbes in rice farming and related fields.},
}
@article {pmid39682733,
year = {2024},
author = {Starke, MD and Kapusta, M and Płachno, BJ and Bohdanowicz, J},
title = {Immunolocalization of Extensin and Pectin Epitopes in Liparis loeselii Protocorm and Protocorm-like Bodies.},
journal = {Cells},
volume = {13},
number = {23},
pages = {},
pmid = {39682733},
issn = {2073-4409},
support = {539-D030-B951-22, 531-D230-D847-24, and the Priority Research Area under the Strategic Programme Excellence Initiative at Jagiellonian University.//University of Gda&#x144;sk and Jagiellonian University./ ; },
mesh = {*Pectins/metabolism ; *Epitopes/immunology/metabolism ; *Orchidaceae/metabolism/immunology ; Plant Proteins/metabolism ; Cell Wall/metabolism ; Glycoproteins/metabolism ; },
abstract = {Liparis loeselii (L.) Rich, an endangered member of the Orchidaceae family, is found in alkaline fens. With the declining populations of L. loeselii, there is a pressing need to reintroduce this species in Central Europe. As in vitro germination is a crucial tool for obtaining plants for introduction into the environment, we looked at the morphological changes occurring during the early stages of L. loeselii development in vitro. As the early stages of orchid development, especially the protocorm stage, are thought to be responsible for SAM formation and the initiation of symbiotic association, we focused on cell wall elements whose epitopes have been found in similar processes in other species: the extensin and pectin rhamnogalacturonan I (RG-I) side chain epitopes. We addressed the following questions: Does the cell wall of L. loeselii change its composition during the early stages of development, as noted in other species? Are there noticeable similarities in the cell wall to organs of different species whose function is to contact microorganisms? Are there regularities that allow the recognition of individual structures on this basis? Immunolocalization revealed changes in the distribution of certain extensins (JIM11 and JIM20) and RG-I (LM5 and LM6) side chain epitopes. Extensins, a type of cell wall protein, were observed during the initial stages of the formation of PLB and the shoot apical meristem of protocorms and PLBs. RG-I, on the other hand, was found to play a significant role in the development of the protocorm and PLB. In pseudobulbs, which appeared on the protocorms, extensins occurred in their storage part. However, RG-I side chains (1→4)-β-galactans (LM5), and (1→5)-α-L-arabinans (LM6) were not found in pseudobulbs. We revealed that a common feature of protocorms and PLBs was an increased amount of extensins, which were detected with the JIM11 antibody, and pectins, which were detected with the LM5 antibody, that were present together, which may prove helpful in determining the identity of the induced structures and distinguishing them from pseudobulbs. Thus, our study unveiled the role of extensins and RG-I during the growth of protocorms and PLBs. We suggest that PLBs may mimic the wall remodelling that occurs in protocorms, which indicates that using cell wall components is an invitation to be colonised by a fungal partner. However, this needs to be tested in future research. The findings of this research can help interpret future studies on the propagation, acclimatisation, and introduction of L. loeselii into the natural environment.},
}
@article {pmid39681770,
year = {2024},
author = {Lin, X and Wang, M and Xie, F and Cheng, Y and Yang, L and Gao, J and Li, W and Zhang, X and Tang, T},
title = {Endophytic Bacteria Enterobacter cloacae PN7 Promotes Biosynthesis and Accumulation of Saponins in Panax notoginseng.},
journal = {Current microbiology},
volume = {82},
number = {1},
pages = {41},
pmid = {39681770},
issn = {1432-0991},
mesh = {*Saponins/biosynthesis/metabolism ; *Panax notoginseng/microbiology ; *Endophytes/metabolism/genetics ; *Enterobacter cloacae/metabolism/genetics ; Plant Roots/microbiology ; Biosynthetic Pathways/genetics ; Symbiosis ; Seedlings/microbiology ; Plant Growth Regulators/metabolism ; },
abstract = {Panax notoginseng is an important Chinese medicinal plant. Saponins are the major bioactive secondary metabolites with a wide range of medicinal and commercial value in P. notoginseng, so it is crucial to develop environmentally friendly methods to increase their production. The symbiotic relationship between endophytic bacteria and host plants offers a sustainable approach to enhance secondary metabolite biosynthesis. In this study, it was reported that the co-cultivation of an endophytic bacterium Enterobacter cloacae PN7, isolated from P. notoginseng and its host plant could greatly promote saponin accumulation in the root of seedlings. After six days of PN7 treatment, the total saponin concentration reached 21.64 mg/g, representing a 2.01-fold increase over the control. Transcriptome sequencing revealed that PN7 induction upregulated key genes in the saponin biosynthetic pathway (including DXS, HMGR, PMK, DS, CYP450, and GTs), modulated 253 plant hormone signaling genes (such as those related to JA, ETH, and ABA), and affected 284 transcription factor genes and 47 ABC transporter genes. Co-expression network analysis identified DEGs related to plant hormone signaling, transcription factors, and ABC transporters in saponin biosynthesis and distribution. The results suggested that JA signaling, mediated by transcription factors, such as bHLH and MYBs, and its interaction with ETH, played crucial roles in saponin biosynthesis. Additionally, potential ABC transporter candidates involved in saponin transport were identified. This study highlights the role of endophytic bacteria in enhancing saponin production in P. notoginseng and opens avenues for further research on microbial-plant interactions in secondary metabolite production.},
}
@article {pmid39681734,
year = {2024},
author = {Rajendran, D and Vinayagam, S and Sekar, K and Bhowmick, IP and Sattu, K},
title = {Symbiotic Bacteria: Wolbachia, Midgut Microbiota in Mosquitoes and Their Importance for Vector Prevention Strategies.},
journal = {Microbial ecology},
volume = {87},
number = {1},
pages = {154},
pmid = {39681734},
issn = {1432-184X},
mesh = {*Wolbachia/physiology ; Animals ; *Symbiosis ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; *Mosquito Vectors/microbiology ; Culicidae/microbiology ; Mosquito Control/methods ; },
abstract = {Mosquito-borne illnesses pose a significant threat to eradication under existing vector management measures. Chemo-based vector control strategies (use of insecticides) raise a complication of resistance and environmental pollution. Biological control methods are an alternative approach to overcoming this complication arising from insecticides. The mosquito gut microbiome is essential to supporting the factors that involve metabolic regulation and metamorphic development (from juvenile to adult), as well as the induction of an immune response. The induced immune response includes the JAK-STAT, IMD, and Toll pathways due to the microbial interaction with the midgut cells (MG cells) that prevent disease transmission to humans. The aforementioned sequel to the review provides information about endosymbiont Wolbachia, which contaminates insect cells, including germline and somatic cytoplasm, and inhibits disease-causing pathogen development and transmission by competing for resources within the cell. Moreover, it reduces the host population via cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI), feminization, male killing, and parthenogenesis. Furthermore, the Cif factor in Wolbachia is responsible for CI induction that produces inviable cells with the translocating systems and the embryonic defect-causing protein factor, WalE1 (WD0830), which manipulates the host actin. This potential of Wolbachia can be used to design a paratransgenic system to control vectors in the field. An extracellular symbiotic bacterium such as Asaia, which is grown in the growth medium, is used to transfer lethal genes within itself. Besides, the genetically transferred symbiotic bacteria infect the wild mosquito population and are easily manifold. So, it might be suitable for vector control strategies in the future.},
}
@article {pmid39680902,
year = {2024},
author = {Lipowska, MM and Sadowska, ET and Kohl, KD and Koteja, P},
title = {Experimental Evolution of a Mammalian Holobiont? Genetic and Maternal Effects on the Cecal Microbiome in Bank Voles Selectively Bred for Herbivorous Capability.},
journal = {Ecological and evolutionary physiology},
volume = {97},
number = {5},
pages = {274-291},
doi = {10.1086/732781},
pmid = {39680902},
issn = {2993-7973},
mesh = {Animals ; *Arvicolinae/microbiology/genetics ; *Herbivory ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome/genetics ; Female ; Cecum/microbiology ; Biological Evolution ; Maternal Inheritance/genetics ; Selective Breeding/genetics ; Male ; Diet/veterinary ; },
abstract = {AbstractMammalian herbivory represents a complex adaptation requiring evolutionary changes across all levels of biological organization, from molecules to morphology to behavior. Explaining the evolution of such complex traits represents a major challenge in biology, as it is simultaneously muddled and enlightened by a growing awareness of the crucial role of symbiotic associations in shaping organismal adaptations. The concept of hologenomic evolution includes the partnered unit of the holobiont, the host with its microbiome, as a selection unit that may undergo adaptation. Here, we test some of the assumptions underlying the concept of hologenomic evolution using a unique experimental evolution model: lines of the bank vole (Myodes [=Clethrionomys] glareolus) selected for increased ability to cope with a low-quality herbivorous diet and unselected control lines. Results from a complex nature-nurture design, in which we combined cross-fostering between the selected and control lines with dietary treatment, showed that the herbivorous voles harbored a cecal microbiome with altered membership and structure and changed abundances of several phyla and genera regardless of the origin of their foster mothers. Although the differences were small, they were statistically significant and partially robust to changes in diet and housing conditions. Microbial characteristics also correlated with selection-related traits at the level of individual variation. Thus, the results support the hypothesis that selection on a host performance trait leads to genetic changes in the host that promote the maintenance of a beneficial microbiome. Such a result is consistent with some of the assumptions underlying the concept of hologenomic evolution.},
}
@article {pmid39680761,
year = {2024},
author = {Yang, J and Tan, S and Ge, S and Yang, M and Liu, H and Liu, W and Zhang, K and Zhang, Z and Wang, ZH and Shi, J and Liu, J},
title = {Cyanobacteria-probiotics symbionts for modulation of intestinal inflammation and microbiome dysregulation in colitis.},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
volume = {121},
number = {52},
pages = {e2403417121},
doi = {10.1073/pnas.2403417121},
pmid = {39680761},
issn = {1091-6490},
support = {Nos. 82172762 82373287 21904119 82073395//| National Natural Science Foundation of China-Henan Joint Fund (-)/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Colitis/microbiology/chemically induced/therapy ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; Mice ; *Probiotics/pharmacology/therapeutic use/administration &amp; dosage ; *Symbiosis ; Inflammation/metabolism ; Bacillus subtilis ; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/microbiology/therapy ; Disease Models, Animal ; Synechocystis/metabolism ; Cyanobacteria/metabolism ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; },
abstract = {Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is often associated with excessive inflammatory response and highly dysregulated gut microbiota. Traditional treatments utilize drugs to manage inflammation, potentially with probiotic therapy as an adjuvant. However, current standard practices often suffer from detrimental side effects, low bioavailability, and unsatisfactory therapeutic outcomes. Microbial complexes characterized by mutually beneficial symbiosis hold great promise for IBD therapy. Here, we aggregated Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 (Sp) with Bacillus subtilis (BS) by biomimetic mineralization to form cyanobacteria-probiotics symbionts (ASp@BS), which reshaped a healthy immune system and gut microbiota in a murine model of acute colitis. The symbionts exhibited excellent tolerance to the harsh environment of the gastrointestinal tract. Importantly, probiotics within the symbionts created a local anaerobic environment to activate the [NiFe]-hydrogenase enzyme of cyanobacteria, facilitating the production of hydrogen gas (H2) to persistently scavenge elevated reactive oxygen species and alleviate inflammatory factors. The resulting reduced inflammation improves the viability of the probiotics to efficiently regulate the gut microbiota and reshape the intestinal barrier functions. Our research elucidates that ASp@BS leverages the synergistic interaction between Sp and BS to create a therapeutic platform that addresses multiple aspects of IBD, offering a promising and comprehensive solution for IBD treatment.},
}
@article {pmid39680257,
year = {2024},
author = {Alam, A and Gabriel-Neumann, E},
title = {Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi travel the world with harvested underground crops.},
journal = {Mycorrhiza},
volume = {35},
number = {1},
pages = {4},
pmid = {39680257},
issn = {1432-1890},
mesh = {*Mycorrhizae/physiology ; *Crops, Agricultural/microbiology ; *Soil Microbiology ; *Sorghum/microbiology ; United Arab Emirates ; Symbiosis ; },
abstract = {In recent years, the dispersal of potentially invasive plants, animals, and pathogens via international trading routes for fresh agricultural goods has been the subject of intensive research and risk assessment. Comparatively little is known about the potential impact of global food trade on the spreading of symbiotic soil microorganisms, such as arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. The present study thus assessed whether internationally traded underground crop harvest products carry AM fungal propagules. Twenty batches of tubers, corms or bulbs originating from eight different countries were sampled and used to inoculate Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench plants grown in a heat-sterilized, sandy dune soil from the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Results revealed that most of the underground crop harvest products contained AM fungal propagules able to establish AM symbioses in a pot experiment under greenhouse conditions. Though it is likely that most AM fungal propagules attached to harvest products will ultimately be eliminated in the waste or sewage stream, it is well possible that a certain portion would find its way into agricultural or natural ecosystems, e.g., via organic waste disposal or use of kitchen greywater for irrigation. Given the large volumes of underground crops traded worldwide, their impact on AM fungal dispersal and distribution deserves further investigation and assessment of associated risks of adulteration of soil microbial communities.},
}
@article {pmid39680049,
year = {2024},
author = {Martinez, K and Stillson, PT and Ravenscraft, A},
title = {Inferior Caballeronia symbiont lacks conserved symbiosis genes.},
journal = {Microbial genomics},
volume = {10},
number = {12},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1099/mgen.0.001333},
pmid = {39680049},
issn = {2057-5858},
mesh = {*Symbiosis/genetics ; Animals ; *Phylogeny ; Heteroptera/microbiology/genetics ; Burkholderiaceae/genetics/classification ; Genome, Bacterial ; Burkholderia/genetics/classification ; },
abstract = {Pentatomomorphan bugs can form symbiotic associations with bacteria belonging to the supergenus Burkholderia sensu lato. This relationship has become a model for understanding environmental symbiont acquisition. Host insects can utilize various symbiont strains from across Burkholderia sensu lato; however, host colonization success and benefits conferred vary by bacterial clade. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis aimed at identifying candidate genes that underpin beneficial symbioses within this system. We scanned the entire Burkholderiaceae family for the presence of 17 colonization-associated genes, as well as 88 candidate genes that are differentially expressed during symbiosis. There was no difference in the distribution of the 17 colonization-associated genes between symbiotic (Caballeronia and insect-associated plant beneficial and environmental clade) and non-symbiotic lineages; however, there was a higher prevalence of the 88 candidate genes in the insect symbiont lineages. We subsequently analysed the genomes of nine symbiotic Caballeronia species that confer varying fitness benefits to their insect hosts. One symbiont species was significantly worse, one was significantly better and the remaining seven were intermediate in terms of conferred host fitness benefits. We found that species possessing a higher number of the candidate genes conferred faster host development time. Furthermore, we identified two candidate genes that were missing in the least beneficial species but present in the other eight, suggesting that these genes may be important in modulating symbiont quality. Our study suggests that the mechanisms required for host colonization are broadly distributed across Burkholderiaceae, but the genes that determine symbiont quality are more prevalent in insect-associated species. This work helps to identify genes that influence this highly specialized yet diverse symbiosis between Pentatomomorphan insects and Burkholderiaceae bacteria.},
}
@article {pmid39678913,
year = {2024},
author = {Wang, K and Liu, X and Huang, H and Suo, M and Wang, J and Liu, X and Zhang, J and Chen, X and Li, Z},
title = {A new target for treating intervertebral disk degeneration: gut microbes.},
journal = {Frontiers in microbiology},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1452774},
pmid = {39678913},
issn = {1664-302X},
abstract = {Intervertebral disk degeneration (IDD) is a common clinical spinal disease and one of the main causes of low back pain (LBP). Generally speaking, IDD is considered a natural degenerative process with age. However, with the deepening of research, people have discovered that IDD is not only related to age, but also has many factors that can induce and accelerate its progression. In addition, the pathogenesis of IDD remains unclear, resulting in limited traditional treatment methods that cannot effectively prevent and treat IDD. Conservative treatment may lead to patients' dependence on drugs, and the pain relief effect is not obvious. Similarly, surgical treatment is highly invasive, with a longer recovery time and a higher recurrence rate. With the deepening of exploration, people have discovered that intestinal microorganisms are an important symbiotic microbial community in the human body and are closely related to the occurrence and development of various diseases. Changes in intestinal microorganisms and their metabolites may affect the body's inflammatory response, immune regulation, and metabolic processes, thereby affecting the health of the intervertebral disk. In this context, the gut microbiota has received considerable attention as a potential target for delaying or treating IDD. This article first introduces the impact of gut microbes on common distal organs, and then focuses on three potential mechanisms by which gut microbes and their metabolites influence IDD. Finally, we also summarized the methods of delaying or treating IDD by interfering with intestinal microorganisms and their metabolites. Further understanding of the potential mechanisms between intestinal microorganisms and IDD will help to formulate reasonable IDD treatment strategies to achieve ideal therapeutic effects.},
}
@article {pmid39678792,
year = {2024},
author = {Cui, JY and Ma, J and Gao, XX and Sheng, ZM and Pan, ZX and Shi, LH and Zhang, BG},
title = {Unraveling the role of cancer-associated fibroblasts in colorectal cancer.},
journal = {World journal of gastrointestinal oncology},
volume = {16},
number = {12},
pages = {4565-4578},
pmid = {39678792},
issn = {1948-5204},
abstract = {Within the intricate milieu of colorectal cancer (CRC) tissues, cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) act as pivotal orchestrators, wielding considerable influence over tumor progression. This review endeavors to dissect the multifaceted functions of CAFs within the realm of CRC, thereby highlighting their indispensability in fostering CRC malignant microenvironment and indicating the development of CAFs-targeted therapeutic interventions. Through a comprehensive synthesis of current knowledge, this review delineates insights into CAFs-mediated modulation of cancer cell proliferation, invasiveness, immune evasion, and neovascularization, elucidating the intricate web of interactions that sustain the pro-tumor metabolism and secretion of multiple factors. Additionally, recognizing the high level of heterogeneity within CAFs is crucial, as they encompass a range of subtypes, including myofibroblastic CAFs, inflammatory CAFs, antigen-presenting CAFs, and vessel-associated CAFs. Innovatively, the symbiotic relationship between CAFs and the intestinal microbiota is explored, shedding light on a novel dimension of CRC pathogenesis. Despite remarkable progress, the orchestrated dynamic functions of CAFs remain incompletely deciphered, underscoring the need for continued research endeavors for therapeutic advancements in CRC management.},
}
@article {pmid39676474,
year = {2024},
author = {Huang, H and Wang, Q and Yang, Y and Zhong, W and He, F and Li, J},
title = {The mycobiome as integral part of the gut microbiome: crucial role of symbiotic fungi in health and disease.},
journal = {Gut microbes},
volume = {16},
number = {1},
pages = {2440111},
doi = {10.1080/19490976.2024.2440111},
pmid = {39676474},
issn = {1949-0984},
mesh = {Humans ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; *Mycobiome ; *Fungi/physiology/classification ; *Symbiosis ; Animals ; *Dysbiosis/microbiology ; Bacteria/classification/isolation &amp; purification/genetics ; },
abstract = {The gut mycobiome significantly affects host health and immunity. However, most studies have focused on symbiotic bacteria in the gut microbiome, whereas less attention has been given to symbiotic fungi. Although fungi constitute only 0.01%-0.1% of the gut microbiome, their larger size and unique immunoregulatory functions make them significant. Factors like diet, antimicrobials use, and age can disrupt the fungal community, leading to dysbiosis. Fungal-bacterial-host immune interactions are critical in maintaining gut homeostasis, with fungi playing a role in mediating immune responses such as Th17 cell activation. This review highlights methods for studying gut fungi, the composition and influencing factors of the gut mycobiome, and its potential in therapeutic interventions for intestinal and hepatic diseases. We aim to provide new insights into the underexplored role of gut fungi in human health.},
}
@article {pmid39675287,
year = {2024},
author = {Yan, G and Luo, X and Huang, B and Wang, H and Xing, Y and Wang, Q},
title = {Imbalance in nitrogen and phosphorus allocation between tree roots and leaves induced by nitrogen addition.},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
volume = {958},
number = {},
pages = {177925},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.177925},
pmid = {39675287},
issn = {1879-1026},
abstract = {The allocation of limiting elements, such as nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P), in plant organs is essential for nutrient cycling between soil and plants (soil-plant nutrient cycling) and functional optimization in plant communities. Unprecedented inputs of anthropogenic N have caused drastic N and P imbalances in terrestrial ecosystems. However, the effects of N addition on the allocation strategies of N and P between plant organs remain unclear. In this study, we conducted a long-term, multilevel N addition experiment to investigate the allocation strategies for N and P in plant leaves and fine roots. We found that N addition significantly increased leaf N concentration, leaf P concentration, and leaf N:P ratios, while significantly decreasing fine root N concentration, fine root P concentration, and fine root N:P ratios. Additionally, we demonstrated a higher proportional increase of N in leaves and a lower proportional decrease of P in fine roots with N addition. Furthermore, our analyses revealed that N addition influenced the allocation of N and P between plant leaves and fine roots through changes in plant growth patterns and nutrient distribution strategies. These changes were driven by a significant increase in soil inorganic N concentration, a decrease in soil N cycling and a reduction in mycorrhizal symbiosis. Our findings suggest that N addition will likely lead to an imbalance between the N and P cycles in temperate forest ecosystems, due to the unequal allocation of N and P between tree roots and leaves. This imbalance may, in turn, have negative implications for the provision of ecosystem services.},
}
@article {pmid39674502,
year = {2024},
author = {Liu, Y and Han, Q and Zhang, J and Zhang, X and Chen, Y and Li, M and Hao, Y and Hong, Y and Tang, R and Ferguson, BJ and Gresshoff, PM and Kuai, J and Zhou, G and Li, X and Ji, H},
title = {Soybean nodulation shapes the rhizosphere microbiome to increase rapeseed yield.},
journal = {Journal of advanced research},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.jare.2024.11.034},
pmid = {39674502},
issn = {2090-1224},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Crop rotation, a crucial agricultural practice that enhances soil health and crop productivity, is widely used in agriculture worldwide. Soybeans play a crucial role in crop rotation owing to their nitrogen-fixing ability, which is facilitated by symbiotic bacteria in their root systems. The soybean-rapeseed rotation is an effective agricultural practice in the Yangtze River Basin of China. However, the mechanism underlying the effectiveness of this system remains unknown.<br><br>OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to decipher the mechanisms by which previous soybean cultivation enhances the growth of subsequent rapeseed.<br><br>METHODS: Soybeans with three distinct nodulation genotypes were rotated with rapeseed, and the impact of previous soybean cultivation on subsequent rapeseed growth was evaluated by examining the soybean root secretome and soil rhizosphere microbiome.<br><br>RESULTS: Soybean-rapeseed rotation significantly enhanced subsequent rapeseed growth and yield, especially when supernodulating soybean plants were used, which released the most nitrogen into the soil rhizosphere. The differences in soybean nodulation capability led to variations in root exudation, which in turn influenced the bacterial communities in the rhizosphere. Notably, the supernodulating soybean plants promoted Sphingomonadaceae family of bacteria growth by secreting oleic acid and cis-4-hydroxy-D-proline, and further attracted them through cis-4-hydroxy-D-proline. Furthermore, the exogenous application of Sphingomonadaceae bacteria, either alone or in combination with rhizobia, significantly enhanced the growth of rapeseed.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Our data definitively demonstrated the crucial role of previous soybean cultivation in enhancing the yield of rapeseed, with the assistance of Sphingomonadaceae bacteria and rhizobia. This study elucidates the role of soybean nodulation in rhizosphere bacterial dynamics, highlighting its importance in sustainable agricultural practices.},
}
@article {pmid39674485,
year = {2024},
author = {Ni, Z and Chen, L and Qian, X and Yong, Y and Wu, M and Yihao, L and Li, J and Wang, Y and Li, L and Shao, Y and Chen, A},
title = {Preliminary characterization of Ramaria botrytoides polysaccharide RB-P1-1 and analysis of its hypoglycemic effects by altering the gut microbiota and metabolites in mice with type 2 diabetes mellitus.},
journal = {International journal of biological macromolecules},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {138774},
doi = {10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.138774},
pmid = {39674485},
issn = {1879-0003},
abstract = {Gut microbiota has a symbiotic relationship with the host and is closely linked to the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Polysaccharides are natural bioactive compounds with beneficial effects on T2DM; however, the mechanisms underlying their effects remain unclear. This study investigated the hypoglycemic effects of a purified polysaccharide, RB-P1-1, from Ramaria botrytoides and assessed its association with gut microbiota and metabolite changes using 16S rDNA sequencing and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, respectively. Hypoglycemic effects were evaluated after microbial community restoration via fecal microbiota transplantation. RB-P1-1 significantly improved hyperglycemia profiles and reshaped gut microbiota, increasing the abundance of Alistipes, Bacteroides, Ruminococcus, Odoribacter, Akkermansia, and Turicibacter. RB-P1-1 modulated microbiota metabolites associated with hypoglycemic effects, including pyridoxamine, L-histidine, quercetin, 3-phosphonopropionic acid, oleoylethanolamide, 3-ketocholanic acid, 4-phenylbutyric acid, LysoPC(P-16:0/0:0), LysoPC(18:2), and short-chain fatty acids, and altered various metabolic pathways involved in T2DM development. Gut microbiota that showed altered abundance were correlated with metabolites that showed altered concentration. Gut microbiota isolated from the RB-P1-1-treated group alleviated the symptoms associated with T2DM. These results suggest RB-P1-1 is an effective active ingredient in the treatment of T2DM by modulating gut microbiota and metabolites.},
}
@article {pmid39674249,
year = {2024},
author = {Bai, X and Li, J and Jiang, H and Cai, R and He, C and Ren, X and Jiang, B},
title = {Effects of multiple temperature variations on nitrogen removal and microbial community structure in tidal flow constructed wetlands.},
journal = {Environmental research},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {120616},
doi = {10.1016/j.envres.2024.120616},
pmid = {39674249},
issn = {1096-0953},
abstract = {Tidal-flow constructed wetlands (TFCWs) provide distinct advantages for nitrogen removal by enhancing microbial activity through dynamic water level fluctuations. However, effects of temperature on nitrogen transformation processes and microbial community dynamics in TFCWs remain unclear. We analyzed the effects of TFCWs on nitrogen transformation and microbial community structure under different temperature conditions (23, 16, 12, and 8 °C) through 140 days of temperature-controlled experiments. The nitrogen removal efficiency was considerably enhanced at 23 °C, with transformation rates for ammonia nitrogen (NH4[+]-N) and total nitrogen (TN) reaching 9.28 ± 0.06 g/m[3]/day and 8.35 ± 0.08 g/m[3]/day, respectively. Conversely, at 8 °C, the nitrogen removal efficiency declined, with NH4[+]-N and TN transformation rates decreasing to 7.38 ± 0.05 g/m[3]/day and 6.78 ± 0.05 g/m[3]/day, respectively. Temperature markedly influenced the microbial diversity and community structure, as evidenced by the considerably higher Shannon diversity indices for bacterial communities at 23 °C (5.12 ± 0.21) compared with those at 8 °C (4.52 ± 0.40). Positive microbial interactions were more prevalent at lower temperatures (12 and 8 °C), leading to stronger symbiotic relationships, although the network complexity diminished. The microbial community composition of taxa such as Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Thaumarchaeota exhibited greater resilience at lower temperatures. Changes in dissolved oxygen levels also drove changes in bacterial and archaeal communities. These findings underscore the pivotal role of temperature in regulating ecological function and nitrogen removal efficiency of TFCWs and highlight the importance of accounting for temperature variations in the design and management of wastewater treatment systems.},
}
@article {pmid39673195,
year = {2024},
author = {Heredia-Velásquez, AM and Sarkar, S and Thomas, FW and Baza, AC and Garcia-Pichel, F},
title = {Urea-based mutualistic transfer of nitrogen in biological soil crusts.},
journal = {The ISME journal},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/ismejo/wrae246},
pmid = {39673195},
issn = {1751-7370},
abstract = {Foundational to establishment and recovery of biocrusts is a mutualistic exchange of carbon for nitrogen between pioneer cyanobacteria, including the widespread Microcoleus vaginatus, and heterotrophic diazotrophs in its "cyanosphere". In other such mutualisms, nitrogen is transferred as amino acids or ammonium, preventing losses through specialized structures, cell apposition or intracellularity. Yet, in the biocrust symbiosis relative proximity achieved through chemotaxis optimizes the exchange. We posited that further partner specificity may stem from using an unusual nitrogen vehicle, urea. We show that representative mutualist M. vaginatus PCC 9802 possesses genes for urea uptake, two ureolytic systems, and the urea cycle, overexpressing only uptake and the rare urea carboxylase/allophanate hydrolase (uc/ah) when in co-culture with mutualist Massilia sp. METH4. In turn, it overexpresses urea biosynthesis, but neither urease nor urea uptake when in co-culture. On nitrogen-free medium, three cyanosphere isolates release urea in co-culture with M. vaginatus but not in monoculture. Conversely, M. vaginatus PCC 9802 grows on urea down to the low micromolar range. In natural biocrusts, urea is at low and stable concentrations that do not support the growth of most local bacteria, but aggregates of mutualists constitute dynamic microscale urea hotspots, and the cyanobacterium responds chemotactically to urea. The coordinated gene co-regulation, physiology of cultured mutualists, distribution of urea pools in nature, and responses of native microbial populations, all suggest that low-concentration urea is likely the main vehicle for interspecies N transfer, helping attain partner specificity, for which the rare high-affinity uc/ah system of Microcoleus. vaginatus is likely central.},
}
@article {pmid39672237,
year = {2024},
author = {Pham, MD and Bui, XT and Vo, TK and Dao, TS and Le, LT and Vo, TD and Huynh, KP and Nguyen, TB and Lin, C and Visvanathan, C},
title = {Microalgae - bacteria based wastewater treatment systems: Granulation, influence factors and pollutants removal.},
journal = {Bioresource technology},
volume = {418},
number = {},
pages = {131973},
doi = {10.1016/j.biortech.2024.131973},
pmid = {39672237},
issn = {1873-2976},
abstract = {Wastewater treatment based on microalgae and bacteria symbiosis is an environmentally friendly, sustainable technology that has attracted attention recently because of its high efficiency in treating pollutants, saving energy, and short-term biomass recovery. Among them, the granular microalgae and bacteria combination emerges with the advantages of rapid gravity settling, good resistance to adverse environmental conditions, outstanding wastewater treatment performance, and easy biomass recovery. This review aims to clarify the microalgal-bacterial granule (MBG) - based process for wastewater treatment. In particular, MBG characteristics, granulation mechanism, and influence factors on the process are also discussed. The review contributes to the knowledge system related to MBG research in recent years, thereby pointing out research gaps that need to be filled in the future.},
}
@article {pmid39671865,
year = {2024},
author = {Wang, J and Gao, Y and Liu, Z and Han, Y and Li, W and Lu, X and Dong, K and Zhen, G},
title = {Enhanced propionate degradation and CO2 electromethanogenesis in an up-flow dual-chamber electrocatalytic anaerobic bioreactor (UF-DC-EAB): Leveraging DIET-mediated syntrophy for microbial stability.},
journal = {Water research},
volume = {272},
number = {},
pages = {122927},
doi = {10.1016/j.watres.2024.122927},
pmid = {39671865},
issn = {1879-2448},
abstract = {Anaerobic digestion faces numerous challenges, including high CO2 content in biogas and volatile fatty acids (such as propionate) accumulation in digestate. To address these issues, an up-flow dual-chamber electrocatalytic anaerobic bioreactor (UF-DC-EAB) was developed to enhance propionate degradation through microbial symbiosis while improving biogas quality via CO2 electromethanogenesis. Under the extreme conditions with propionate as the primary carbon source at 6-h HRT, the UF-DC-EAB achieved a propionate removal efficiency of 72.1 ± 9.4 % and a faradaic efficiency of 25.5 ± 5.1 %. Microbial community analysis revealed an enrichment of acetoclastic methanogens (Methanosarcinales, 5.4 %) and syntrophic propionate-oxidizing bacteria (Syntrophobacterales, 13.9 %) in the anode, which facilitated propionate degradation. In the cathode, hydrogenotrophic methanogens (Methanobacterium, 13.6 %) and electroactive bacteria (Geobacter, 6.2 %) were predominant, further promoting CO2 electromethanogenesis and biogas upgrading. Co-occurrence network and structural equation modeling indicated that the electrocatalytic regulation roused the intrinsic capability of the microbial community to oxidize propionate and provoked the occurrence of direct interspecies electron transfer (DIET) among the enriched functional microorganisms, by regulating the synthesis of key molecules like F420 and cytochrome c in response to propionate-induced changes. The DIET-mediated syntropy increased the net energy output by 212.5 %. This study presents a novel electrochemical system combining CO2 electromethanogenesis with propionate-rich digestate degradation, offering an efficient approach for anaerobic post-treatment.},
}
@article {pmid39671445,
year = {2024},
author = {Ndeko, AB and Diedhiou, AG and Founoune-Mboup, H and Chuma, GB and Mugumaarhahama, Y and Diouf, D and Fall, S and Mushagalusa, GN and Kane, A},
title = {Site climate more than soil properties and topography shape the natural arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis in maize and spore density within rainfed maize (Zea mays L.) cropland in the eastern DR Congo.},
journal = {PloS one},
volume = {19},
number = {12},
pages = {e0312581},
pmid = {39671445},
issn = {1932-6203},
mesh = {*Zea mays/microbiology/growth &amp; development ; *Mycorrhizae/physiology ; *Soil Microbiology ; *Soil/chemistry ; *Spores, Fungal ; *Symbiosis ; Climate ; Plant Roots/microbiology ; Democratic Republic of the Congo ; Crops, Agricultural/microbiology/growth &amp; development ; Rhizosphere ; },
abstract = {Rhizosphere microorganisms, particularly arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), play a vital role in enhancing sustainable maize production. However, uncertainty persist regarding the influence of climate variables and soil properties on mycorrhizal colonization (MC) of maize and the abundance of AM fungal spores in the field. This study aimed to explore the environmental factors such as site climate variables, soil physicochemical properties and topography and vegetation variable, affecting the natural MC of maize and the density of AMF spores. The study hypothesizes that natural maize mycorrhizal colonization and AMF spore density vary significantly across different sites and agroecological zones. It further posits that climatic and edaphic variables predominantly explain the observed variation in mycorrhizal parameters. To assess the impact of these factors, a field study was conducted in 32 sites across three territories in the province of South Kivu, namely Kabare, Walungu, and Uvira. Rhizospheric soil and maize roots were collected from different sites. Maize MC varied significantly among sites, with Kabare and Walungu showing high colonization rates (52.1% and 44.7%, respectively) compared to Uvira (26.40%). Meanwhile, spore density was significantly higher in Uvira (1331.7 spores g-1 soil) than in Kabare (518.9 spores g-1 soil) and Walungu (468.58 spores g-1 soil). Correlation analysis indicated that maize MC was influenced by site climate and soil properties. The PLS-SEM model demonstrated that 76.5% (R2) of the total variance in maize root MC was explained by climatic variables and soil chemical properties. Compared to soil chemical properties, climate characteristics had a more pronounced impact on maize MC. Maize MC was inversely correlated with temperature, C and available P content, while being directly and positively correlated with altitude, rainfall, and base saturation rate. Furthermore, 68.5% (R2) of the spore density variability of AMF was explained by climatic variables and soil physical properties. Spore density was inversely correlated with sand and clay content, field capacity, rainfall, and altitude, while being positively correlated with temperature. The results of this study indicate that climatic conditions exert a more pronounced influence on the mycorrhizal colonization of maize and the density of AMF spores than soil characteristics.},
}
@article {pmid39671023,
year = {2024},
author = {Yan, H and Wang, E and Xu, X and Wei, GS and Zhang, B},
title = {Dissemination patterns and functional role of a symbiotic bacteria Stenotrophomonas maltophilia in Phytoseiulus persimilis.},
journal = {Experimental &amp; applied acarology},
volume = {94},
number = {1},
pages = {11},
pmid = {39671023},
issn = {1572-9702},
support = {Grant No. 6222052//Beijing Natural Science Foundation/ ; Grant No. 32070402//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; },
mesh = {*Stenotrophomonas maltophilia/physiology ; Animals ; *Mites/physiology/microbiology ; *Symbiosis ; Female ; Male ; Pest Control, Biological ; Predatory Behavior ; },
abstract = {Symbiotic bacteria play a crucial role in various facets of host biology and physiology. The development and utilization of symbiotic bacteria in insects show promising potential for enhancing their reproduction, temperature tolerance, resistances to pathogens and insecticides. However, limited research has been conducted on symbiotic bacteria in predatory mites. In Phytoseiulus persimilis, we successfully cultivated a strain of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, which has been noted for its significant contributions to pathogen control, pesticide and toxin resistance, and nutrition provision in some insect species. To explore the effect of S. maltophilia and its potential application on predatory mites, we fed S. maltophilia to P. persimilis and evaluated the transmission dynamics within mite generations. We examined its impacts on predator fitness and resistances to pesticides, pathogens, and starvation. The results showed that the S. maltophilia content in the offspring increased by 12.91 times when gravid mites were fed with the bacterial solution. P. persimilis that consumed prey treated with S. maltophilia showed a 25.20-fold increase in microbial content. Mating with treated males did not affect microbial levels in females. Moreover, S. maltophilia did not cause any discernible effect on the fitness of P. persimilis, including survival, developmental duration, fecundity, and longevity. Notably, it was found to improve P. persimilis survival following exposure to the pathogen Acaricomes phytoseiuli, resulting in a reduction of mortality by 20% compared to the control. This study serves as a foundational step for further utilization of beneficial microbes to improve the efficacy of predatory mite biological control.},
}
@article {pmid39671006,
year = {2024},
author = {Hakalehto, E and Jääskeläinen, A},
title = {Production of Novel Energy Gases in Bioprocesses Using Undefined Mixed Cultures.},
journal = {Advances in biochemical engineering/biotechnology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {39671006},
issn = {0724-6145},
abstract = {Three phases of matter intermingle in various environments. The phenomena behind these fluctuations provide microbial cultures with beneficial interphase on the borderlines. Correspondingly, a bioreactor broth usually consists of a liquid phase but also contains solid particles, gas bubbles, technical surfaces, and other niches, both on a visible scale and microscopically. The diffusion limitation in the suspension is a remarkable hindrance to the reaction sequence during production. It must be overcome technically. Gas flow into the reactor could serve this purpose, and the outgoing stream or bubbling contains volatile products. The various mixing elements or gas flows should be moderated if shear forces disturb the cell growth, biochemical production, enzymatic activity, or any other crucial biological or physicochemical parameters. The focus is to optimize energy production in the form of liberated gases or their mixtures. Many combustible flows need to get purified, depending on their purpose, for example, for various engines. They provide novel sources for traffic in the air, streets, roads, and waterways, not forgetting space technology dimensions.On the other hand, industrial fuels are often used as mixtures of gases or gases with other substances. This approach may facilitate the utilization of side streams. Also, municipal energy needs can be fulfilled by microbial gases. Microbial mixed cultures could play an essential role in the big picture of sustainable industries, living and agriculture, exhibiting an excessive total effect on societies' multifactorial development. The gas phase is the key to realizing their potential.Gaseous emissions are inherent part of all forms of microbial metabolism, both aerobic and anoxic ones. Carbon dioxide is liberated both in respiration and fermentation, but the microbiota also binds volatile carbon compounds. CO2 is also a raw material for plant cultivation, e.g., in greenhouses or in algal pools which both represent the first steps of food chains. Additionally, they produce biomass to produce energy, biochemicals, nutrition, and soil improvement. Gaseous products of the mixed microbial cultures are valuable sources for energy production as purified gases (e.g., biomethane, biohydrogen) or as mixtures (e.g., bio-hythane, volatiles). These relatively simple molecules also serve as supplies for other hydrocarbons (e.g., methanol). Also, many microbial metabolites serve as fuel sources (e.g., bio-oil) and substrates for further biosynthesis. This versatility of potential technological options in energy making and for industrial processes could offer huge opportunities for green energies and sustainable industries, transportation, or municipalities. In the agriculture sector, the complete recycling also includes the consideration of gas phase. This aspect provides increasing sources for clean food production. Moreover, the chemoautotrophic bacteria, including the archaeal strains, could emanate novel streams of biobased products for human use.The bioprocess always consists of a biological component and a reactor or vessel solution, plus its control and adjustment means. Some project examples are taken up introducing the combinations of these two technological mainstreams, which should be in "symbiosis" for the best results. This novel approach could lead the human activities in industries, agriculture, and municipalities into "no waste" situations. At the same time, new global resources for economically feasible and sustainable raw material sources and processes thereof will emerge. In this novel technological ecosystem, connectivity to biosphere will return and remain our societies on healthy foundations, thanks to the microbes and their communities. This chapter introduces some of the potentials.},
}
@article {pmid39670798,
year = {2024},
author = {Baur, P and Comba, P},
title = {Copper coordination chemistry of the patellamides - cyanobactins in the ascidian-Prochloron symbiosis.},
journal = {Dalton transactions (Cambridge, England : 2003)},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1039/d4dt03002h},
pmid = {39670798},
issn = {1477-9234},
abstract = {Prochloron didemni, an obligate symbiont of certain ascidians (sea squirts found in tropical areas), produces various cyclic pseudo-octapeptides in large quantities. These secondary metabolites have attracted the attention of medicinal chemists and, due to their four azol(in)e and four amide donor groups, coordination chemists have become interested in these molecules. The structures of the metal-free macrocycles and their dinuclear copper(II) complexes are known, and solution equilibria, spectroscopic properties and a range of biologically relevant reactions have been studied in detail. However, until recently, the properties of the patellamides and structures of the copper(II) complexes in living systems have not been known unambiguously. These are reviewed in the present Perspective and, as a result, it now is possible to discuss possible biological functions of these species.},
}
@article {pmid39670408,
year = {2025},
author = {Arighi, C and Kim, JD and Lu, Z and Rinaldi, F},
title = {Opportunities and Pitfalls with Large Language Models for Biomedical Annotation.},
journal = {Pacific Symposium on Biocomputing. Pacific Symposium on Biocomputing},
volume = {30},
number = {},
pages = {706-710},
pmid = {39670408},
issn = {2335-6936},
mesh = {*Computational Biology ; Humans ; Data Curation/statistics &amp; numerical data ; Natural Language Processing ; Programming Languages ; Biomedical Research/statistics &amp; numerical data ; },
abstract = {Large language models (LLMs) and biomedical annotations have a symbiotic relationship. LLMs rely on high-quality annotations for training and/or fine-tuning for specific biomedical tasks. These annotations are traditionally generated through expensive and time-consuming human curation. Meanwhile LLMs can also be used to accelerate the process of curation, thus simplifying the process, and potentially creating a virtuous feedback loop. However, their use also introduces new limitations and risks, which are as important to consider as the opportunities they offer. In this workshop, we will review the process that has led to the current rise of LLMs in several fields, and in particular in biomedicine, and discuss specifically the opportunities and pitfalls when they are applied to biomedical annotation and curation.},
}
@article {pmid39669778,
year = {2024},
author = {Niaz, K and Rauf, M and Arif, M and Hamayun, M and Gul, H and Hashem, A and Abd Allah, EF and Wu, QS},
title = {Drought-tolerant fungal microbes, Aspergillus oryzae and Aspergillus fumigatus, elevate physiohormonal and antioxidant responses of maize under drought stress.},
journal = {Frontiers in microbiology},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1488639},
pmid = {39669778},
issn = {1664-302X},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Temporary and extended drought stress accelerates phytohormones and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in plants, however, the fate of the plants under stress is mostly determined by the metabolic and molecular reprogramming, which can be modulated by the application of habitat-adapted fungi that triggers resistance to stress upon symbiotic association.<br><br>METHODS: The present research exhibited the exploitation of the newly isolated, drought habitat-adapted fungal endophytic consortium of SAB (Aspergillus oryzae) and CBW (Aspergillus fumigatus), on maize under drought stress. SAB and CBW primarily hosted the root tissues of Conyza bonariensis L., which have not been reported earlier, and sufficiently produced growth-promoting metabolites and antioxidants.<br><br>RESULTS: SAB and CBW adeptly inhabited the maize roots. They promoted biomass, primary metabolites, osmolytes (protein, sugar, lipids, proline, phenolics, flavonoids), and IAA production while reducing tannins, ABA, and H2O2 contents and increasing antioxidant enzyme activities. In addition, the enhanced adventitious root development at the root/stem interface, and elongated main root development optimum stomatal activity of SAB- and CBW-inoculated maize plants were observed under drought stress. SAB and CBW modulated the expression of the ZmBSK1, ZmAPX, and ZmCAT1 genes in the maize shoot and root tissues under drought stress vs. control, signifying an essential regulatory function for SAB/CBW-induced drought stress tolerance via phytohormonal signaling pathway leading to the antioxidant upregulation.<br><br>DISCUSSION: These findings imply that the exogenous administration of the SAB/CBW consortium might be a rather efficient strategy that contributes to optimizing the physio-hormonal attributes and antioxidant potential to alleviate the drought stress in maize.},
}
@article {pmid39669148,
year = {2024},
author = {Olanrewaju, OS and Glick, BR and Babalola, OO},
title = {Beyond correlation: Understanding the causal link between microbiome and plant health.},
journal = {Heliyon},
volume = {10},
number = {23},
pages = {e40517},
pmid = {39669148},
issn = {2405-8440},
abstract = {Understanding the causal link between the microbiome and plant health is crucial for the future of crop production. Established studies have shown a symbiotic relationship between microbes and plants, reshaping our knowledge of plant microbiomes' role in health and disease. Addressing confounding factors in microbiome study is essential, as standardization enables precise identification of microbiome features that influence outcomes. The microbiome significantly impacts plant development, necessitating holistic investigation for maintaining plant health. Mechanistic studies have deepened our understanding of microbiome structure and function related to plant health, though much research still needs to be carried out. This review, therefore, discusses current challenges and proposes advancing studies from correlation to causation and translation. We explore current knowledge on the microbiome and plant health, emphasizing multi-omics approaches and hypothesis-driven research. Future studies should focus on developing translational research for producing probiotics and prebiotics from biomarkers that regulate the microbiome-plant health connection, promoting sustainable crop production through microbiome applications.},
}
@article {pmid39656753,
year = {2024},
author = {Mykhailenko, A and Zieliński, P and Bednarz, A and Schlyter, F and Andersson, MN and Antunes, B and Borowski, Z and Krokene, P and Melin, M and Morales-García, J and Müller, J and Nowak, Z and Schebeck, M and Stauffer, C and Viiri, H and Zaborowska, J and Babik, W and Nadachowska-Brzyska, K},
title = {Complex genomic landscape of inversion polymorphism in Europe's most destructive forest pest.},
journal = {Genome biology and evolution},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/gbe/evae263},
pmid = {39656753},
issn = {1759-6653},
abstract = {In many species, polymorphic genomic inversions underlie complex phenotypic polymorphisms and facilitate local adaptation in the face of gene flow. Multiple polymorphic inversions can co-occur in a genome, but the prevalence, evolutionary significance, and limits to complexity of genomic inversion landscapes remain poorly understood. Here, we examine genome-wide genetic variation in one of Europe's most destructive forest pests, the spruce bark beetle Ips typographus, scan for polymorphic inversions, and test whether inversions are associated with key traits in this species. We analyzed 240 individuals from 18 populations across the species' European range and, using a whole-genome resequencing approach, identified 27 polymorphic inversions covering approximately 28% of the genome. The inversions vary in size and in levels of intra-inversion recombination, are highly polymorphic across the species range, and often overlap, forming a complex genomic architecture. We found no support for mechanisms such as directional selection, overdominance and associative overdominance that are often invoked to explain the presence of large inversion polymorphisms in the genome. This suggests that inversions are either neutral or maintained by the combined action of multiple evolutionary forces. We also found that inversions are enriched in odorant receptor genes encoding elements of recognition pathways for host plants, mates, and symbiotic fungi. Our results indicate that the genome of this major forest pest of growing social, political, and economic importance harbors one of the most complex inversion landscapes described to date and raise questions about the limits of intraspecific genomic architecture complexity.},
}
@article {pmid39656643,
year = {2024},
author = {Yanagibashi, T and Ikutani, M and Nagai, T and Arita, M and Watanabe, Y and Nagai, Y and Takatsu, K},
title = {IL-5-producing group 2 innate lymphoid cells promote T cell-independent IgA production in cooperation with eosinophils.},
journal = {International immunology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/intimm/dxae070},
pmid = {39656643},
issn = {1460-2377},
abstract = {Intestinal bacteria play a critical role in the regulation of the host immune system and an imbalance in intestinal bacterial composition induces various host diseases. Therefore, maintaining a balance in the intestinal bacterial composition is crucial for health. Immunoglobulin A (IgA), produced through T cell-dependent and T cell-independent (TI) pathways, is essential for host defense against pathogen invasion and maintaining the balance of intestinal symbiotic bacteria. Interleukin (IL)-5 is constitutively produced by group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) and plays a critical role in the survival and proliferation of B cells and eosinophils. Here, we show that the role of IL-5-producing ILC2s in intestinal TI IgA production at steady state using TCRα deficient mice. In this mouse model, ILC2s increased fecal TI IgA levels in a non-inflammatory state in an IL-5-dependent manner. The administration of recombinant IL-33 (rIL-33) increased the amount of TI IgA production, accompanied by an increase in the number of IL-5-producing ILC2s in the large intestine. In addition, rIL-33 treatment increased IL-5-dependent IgA+ cells in isolated lymphoid follicles, the site of TI IgA production. Furthermore, eosinophils recruited by ILC2s were required for the maximal production of IgA in the TI pathway. Moreover, IL-5 increased the frequency of TI IgA-binding intestinal bacteria and was involved in the maintenance of intestinal bacterial composition. These findings indicate that IL-5-producing ILC2s together with eosinophils contribute to TI IgA production. In addition to their role in TI IgA production, IL-5-producing ILC2s may contribute to the homeostasis of intestinal commensal bacteria.},
}
@article {pmid39657034,
year = {2024},
author = {Wang, Z and Zhang, S and Liang, J and Chen, H and Jiang, Z and Hu, W and Tang, M},
title = {Rhizophagus irregularis regulates RiCPSI and RiCARI expression to influence plant drought tolerance.},
journal = {Plant physiology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/plphys/kiae645},
pmid = {39657034},
issn = {1532-2548},
abstract = {Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can transfer inorganic nitrogen (N) from the soil to host plants to cope with drought stress, with arginine synthesis and NH4+ transport being pivotal processes. However, the regulatory mechanism underlying these processes remains unclear. Here, we found that drought stress upregulated expression of genes involved in the N transfer pathway and putrescine and glutathione synthesis in the mycorrhizal structures of Rhizophagus irregularis within alfalfa (Medicago sativa) roots, i.e., carbamoyl-phosphate synthase (RiCPSI), arginase (RiCARI), urease (RiURE), ornithine decarboxylase (RiODC), and glutamate-cysteine ligase (RiGCL). Furthermore, we confirmed that RiCPSI is a carbamoyl phosphate synthase. Silencing RiCARI via host-induced gene silencing inhibited arbuscule formation, suppressed putrescine and glutathione synthesis, and altered arginine metabolism within R. irregularis-plant symbiosis, leading to a substantial reduction in the drought tolerance of M. sativa. Conversely, silencing RiCPSI decreased arginine, putrescine, and glutathione synthesis in R. irregularis but did not adversely affect NH4+ transfer from fungi to the host plant and drought tolerance of M. sativa. Interestingly, overexpressing RiCPSI via our host-induced gene overexpressing system enhanced arginine, putrescine, and glutathione synthesis in R. irregularis, reduced arbuscule abundance, and improved drought tolerance of M. sativa. Our findings demonstrate that, under drought stress, R. irregularis-plant symbiosis facilitates improved NH4+ transfer from AMF to the host plant. This is accompanied by increased arginine, putrescine, and glutathione synthesis within R. irregularis, driven by the upregulation of RiCPSI and RiCARI expression in mycorrhizal structures within the roots. These molecular adjustments collectively contribute to enhanced drought tolerance in R. irregularis-plant symbiosis.},
}
@article {pmid39656674,
year = {2024},
author = {Reid, TE and Gifford, ML},
title = {Trichoderma gets by with a little help from Streptomyces: fungal-bacterial symbiosis in plant growth promotion.},
journal = {Journal of experimental botany},
volume = {75},
number = {22},
pages = {6893-6897},
doi = {10.1093/jxb/erae439},
pmid = {39656674},
issn = {1460-2431},
}
@article {pmid39668214,
year = {2024},
author = {Mendoza-Suárez, M and Akyol, TY and Nadzieja, M and Andersen, SU},
title = {Increased diversity of beneficial rhizobia enhances faba bean growth.},
journal = {Nature communications},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {10673},
pmid = {39668214},
issn = {2041-1723},
support = {2071-00012B//Innovationsfonden (Innovation Fund Denmark)/ ; NNF23OC0081220//Novo Nordisk Fonden (Novo Nordisk Foundation)/ ; 771134//EC | Horizon 2020 Framework Programme (EU Framework Programme for Research and Innovation H2020)/ ; },
mesh = {*Vicia faba/microbiology/growth &amp; development ; *Symbiosis ; *Rhizobium leguminosarum/genetics/physiology/growth &amp; development/metabolism ; *Nitrogen Fixation ; Root Nodules, Plant/microbiology ; Genotype ; Plant Root Nodulation ; Rhizobium/physiology/genetics ; },
abstract = {Legume-rhizobium symbiosis provides a sustainable nitrogen source for agriculture. Nitrogen fixation efficiency depends on both legume and rhizobium genotypes, but the implications of their interactions for plant performance in environments with many competing rhizobium strains remain unclear. Here, we let 399 Rhizobium leguminosarum complex sv. viciae strains compete for nodulation of 212 faba bean genotypes. We find that the strains can be categorised by their nodule occupancy profiles into groups that show distinct competitive interactions and plant growth-promoting effects. Further, we show that the diversity of strains occupying root nodules affects plant growth and is under plant genetic control. These insights provide a basis for re-designing rhizobium inoculation and plant breeding strategies to enhance symbiotic nitrogen fixation in agriculture.},
}
@article {pmid39667341,
year = {2024},
author = {Bonfante, P},
title = {Fungal-bacterial endosymbiosis: Recreating an ancient symbiotic relationship.},
journal = {Cell host &amp; microbe},
volume = {32},
number = {12},
pages = {2037-2038},
doi = {10.1016/j.chom.2024.10.018},
pmid = {39667341},
issn = {1934-6069},
mesh = {*Symbiosis ; Fungi/physiology ; Bacteria/genetics/classification ; },
abstract = {Fungal-bacterial endosymbioses, the most intimate typology of symbioses, have been described in different taxa of Mucoromycota, an early diverging group of Fungi. In a recent issue of Nature, Giger and colleagues describe how they implanted a Burkolderia-related microbe inside a Mucoromycota fungus, giving rise to a functional and stable endosymbiosis.},
}
@article {pmid39665174,
year = {2024},
author = {Ayala-García, P and Herrero-Gómez, I and Jiménez-Guerrero, I and Otto, V and Moreno-de Castro, N and Müsken, M and Jänsch, L and van Ham, M and Vinardell, JM and López-Baena, FJ and Ollero, FJ and Pérez-Montaño, F and Borrero-de Acuña, JM},
title = {Extracellular Vesicle-Driven Crosstalk between Legume Plants and Rhizobia: The Peribacteroid Space of Symbiosomes as a Protein Trafficking Interface.},
journal = {Journal of proteome research},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1021/acs.jproteome.4c00444},
pmid = {39665174},
issn = {1535-3907},
abstract = {Prokaryotes and eukaryotes secrete extracellular vesicles (EVs) into the surrounding milieu to preserve and transport elevated concentrations of biomolecules across long distances. EVs encapsulate metabolites, DNA, RNA, and proteins, whose abundance and composition fluctuate depending on environmental cues. EVs are involved in eukaryote-to-prokaryote communication owing to their ability to navigate different ecological niches and exchange molecular cargo between the two domains. Among the different bacterium-host relationships, rhizobium-legume symbiosis is one of the closest known to nature. A crucial developmental stage of symbiosis is the formation of N2-fixing root nodules by the plant. These nodules contain endocytosed rhizobia─called bacteroids─confined by plant-derived peribacteroid membranes. The unrestricted interface between the bacterial external membrane and the peribacteroid membrane is the peribacteroid space. Many molecular aspects of symbiosis have been studied, but the interbacterial and interdomain molecule trafficking by EVs in the peribacteroid space has not been questioned yet. Here, we unveil intensive EV trafficking within the symbiosome interface of several rhizobium-legume dual systems by developing a robust EV isolation procedure. We analyze the EV-encased proteomes from the peribacteroid space of each bacterium-host partnership, uncovering both conserved and differential traits of every symbiotic system. This study opens the gates for designing EV-based biotechnological tools for sustainable agriculture.},
}
@article {pmid39664063,
year = {2024},
author = {Li, L and Cai, F and Guo, C and Liu, Z and Qin, J and Huang, J},
title = {Gut microbiome and NAFLD: impact and therapeutic potential.},
journal = {Frontiers in microbiology},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1500453},
pmid = {39664063},
issn = {1664-302X},
abstract = {Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) affects approximately 32.4% of the global population and poses a significant health concern. Emerging evidence underscores the pivotal role of the gut microbiota-including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites-in the development and progression of NAFLD. Dysbiosis among gut bacteria alters key biological pathways that contribute to liver fat accumulation and inflammation. The gut virome, comprising bacteriophages and eukaryotic viruses, significantly shapes microbial community dynamics and impacts host metabolism through complex interactions. Similarly, gut fungi maintain a symbiotic relationship with bacteria; the relationship between gut fungi and bacteria is crucial for overall host health, with certain fungal species such as Candida in NAFLD patients showing detrimental associations with metabolic markers and liver function. Additionally, the "hygiene hypothesis" suggests that reduced exposure to gut parasites may affect immune regulation and metabolic processes, potentially influencing conditions like obesity and insulin resistance. This review synthesizes current knowledge on the intricate interactions within the gut microbiota and their associations with NAFLD. We highlight the therapeutic potential of targeting these microbial communities through interventions such as probiotics, prebiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation. Addressing the complexities of NAFLD requires comprehensive strategies that consider the multifaceted roles of gut microorganisms in disease pathology.},
}
@article {pmid39663708,
year = {2024},
author = {Liu, H and Mei, H and Jiang, H and Jiang, L and Lin, K and Jiang, M and Ding, N and Li, X and Gao, Z and Liu, B and Lin, W and Li, J and Zhou, J},
title = {Bioprinted Symbiotic Dressings: A Lichen-Inspired Approach to Diabetic Wound Healing with Enhanced Bioactivity and Structural Integrity.},
journal = {Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e2407105},
doi = {10.1002/smll.202407105},
pmid = {39663708},
issn = {1613-6829},
support = {//Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities/ ; 32271364//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 31971240//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; RD-03-202305//Research and Develop Program, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University/ ; 2024NSFSC0242//Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province/ ; 25NSFSC2494//Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province/ ; },
abstract = {Providing oxygen and preventing infection at wound sites are effective ways to heal diabetic chronic wounds. Inspired by natural lichens, a bioprinted biogenic hydrogel (BBH) containing microalgae and probiotics is developed for diabetic chronic wound therapeutics, which offers prolonged biogenetic oxygen supply by microalgae and infection inhibition by probiotics. The rational design of symbiotic BBH with customizable structure and microorganism composition enhances wound resilience against elevated glucose levels and hypoxia, leading to the increased migration ability of fibroblasts and the angiogenic potential of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Notably, BBH-treated diabetic wounds exhibit dense vascular distribution, reduced hypoxia levels and inflammatory responses, and enhanced epithelial differentiation and keratinization abilities. Consequently, the BBH achieves rapid tissue repairing within 3 d and restores approximately 90% of the whole skin structure within 12 d. This work presents an engineered platform for regulating biological microenvironment of diabetic wounds and provides insights for developing bioprinted hybrid microorganism systems.},
}
@article {pmid39662840,
year = {2024},
author = {Wang, B and Zhang, L and Lian, L and Zhang, X and Qi, Y},
title = {Treatment of Compound Pollution in Simulated Livestock and Poultry Wastewater by Algae-bacteria Symbiosis System.},
journal = {Chemosphere},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {143927},
doi = {10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143927},
pmid = {39662840},
issn = {1879-1298},
abstract = {Livestock and poultry breeding wastewater contains a large number of heavy metals and antibiotics; the volume is huge, and it is difficult to treat, which causes serious pollution of the environment. Some studies have shown that symbiotic systems can effectively improve the efficiency of sewage treatment, but there is still a lack of research on the treatment of livestock and poultry wastewater. This experiment not only provides a more in-depth discussion of previous studies, but also demonstrates the feasibility of symbiotic treatment of livestock and poultry wastewater and explores the survival mode and operation mechanism of algal and bacterial symbiosis. The results show that the presence of bacteria greatly promoted the growth of microalgae, with production of 0.50-0.59 g/L biomass and 17.5% lipid content. Lipid levels in the algae from the symbiotic system were 1.3 times higher than for the system of pure algae, which is attributed to the bacteria releasing extracellular substances to promote their own growth and providing small molecules of organic matter and other essential elements which can be used by microalgae. In addition, during the removal of complex pollutants in the symbiotic system we found that the main contributor to the removal of heavy metal ions was the adsorption by Chlorella, while the decomposition of antibiotics mainly originated from bacteria. Furthermore, in the context of this experiment was obtained the highest removal rate of SM2 reached 28.8%, while the removal rate of Cu(II) reached 60.6% -66.7%. The technology of symbiotic treatment of wastewater from livestock and poultry breeding fills a gap and lays a theoretical foundation for the improvement of wastewater treatment.},
}
@article {pmid39662569,
year = {2024},
author = {Meng, D and Long, W and Sun, J and Li, H and Wang, Z and Gu, X and Zhang, S},
title = {Eco-friendly fabrication of a delignified wood‑calcium alginate aerogel with improved mechanical properties for efficient thermal insulation and flame retardancy.},
journal = {International journal of biological macromolecules},
volume = {287},
number = {},
pages = {138561},
doi = {10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.138561},
pmid = {39662569},
issn = {1879-0003},
abstract = {Wood based composites with low density and great flame retardancy are increasingly required as sustainable and low-carbon building materials for energy conservation. In this work, the symbiosis between bio-based calcium alginate (CaA) and delignified wood was fabricated to form delignified wood-CaA aerogel composites. The density of the delignified wood@CaA sample was dropped to only 89 kg/m[3] from 120 kg/m[3] of the control wood. In addition, its tensile strength, elongation at break, and bending strength reached 16.9 MPa, 4.6 %, and 40.2 MPa, which was increased by 128.4 %, 109.1 %, and 31.8 %, respectively compared to that of control wood. During either heating or cooling, the delignified wood@CaA sample always showed better thermal insulation than the control wood, moreover, it can be developed as an infrared stealthy material. Furthermore, the delignified wood@CaA aerogel reached the limiting oxygen index of 59.2 %, and it was self-extinguished immediately after leaving ignitor in the vertical burning test. In the cone calorimeter test, the total heat release and total smoke production of delignified wood@CaA aerogel decreased by 27.6 % and 71.4 % compared to that of the control wood, respectively. In summary, the light-weighted delignified wood@CaA aerogel composite with superior performance is an ideal material used in sustainable and low-carbon building.},
}
@article {pmid39662506,
year = {2024},
author = {Gribonika, I and Band, VI and Chi, L and Perez-Chaparro, PJ and Link, VM and Ansaldo, E and Oguz, C and Bousbaine, D and Fischbach, MA and Belkaid, Y},
title = {Skin autonomous antibody production regulates host-microbiota interactions.},
journal = {Nature},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08376-y},
pmid = {39662506},
issn = {1476-4687},
abstract = {The microbiota colonizes each barrier site and broadly controls host physiology[1]. However, when uncontrolled, microbial colonists can also promote inflammation and induce systemic infection[2]. The unique strategies employed at each barrier tissue to control the coexistence of the host with its microbiota remain largely elusive. Here we uncover that, within the skin, host-microbiota symbiosis depends on the remarkable ability of the skin to act as an autonomous lymphoid organ. Notably, an encounter with a new skin commensal promotes two parallel responses, both under the control of Langerhans cells. On one hand, skin commensals induce the formation of classical germinal centers within the lymph node associated with IgG1 and IgG3 antibody responses. On the other hand, microbial colonization also leads to the development of tertiary lymphoid organs within the skin that can locally sustain IgG2b and IgG2c responses. These phenomena are supported by the ability of regulatory T cells to convert into T follicular helper cells. Skin autonomous production of antibodies is sufficient to control local microbial biomass, as well as subsequent systemic infection with the same microbe. Collectively, these results reveal a striking compartmentalization of humoral responses to the microbiota allowing for control of both microbial symbiosis and potential pathogenesis.},
}
@article {pmid39660940,
year = {2024},
author = {Yurchenko, OV and Chernyshev, AV},
title = {Spermatozoa and Spermatogenesis in the Ribbon Worm Asteronemertes gibsoni (Hoplonemertea, Oerstediidae), a Symbiont of Sea Stars.},
journal = {Journal of morphology},
volume = {285},
number = {12},
pages = {e70014},
doi = {10.1002/jmor.70014},
pmid = {39660940},
issn = {1097-4687},
mesh = {Animals ; *Spermatogenesis/physiology ; Male ; *Spermatozoa/ultrastructure ; *Symbiosis ; Starfish/ultrastructure/physiology ; Invertebrates/ultrastructure/physiology/anatomy &amp; histology ; Acrosome/ultrastructure ; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission ; },
abstract = {In the phylum Nemertea, the class Hoplonemertea (former Enopla) comprises the largest number of studied species with complex spermatozoa. Asteronemertes gibsoni Chernyshev, 1991, a nemertean species having a symbiotic relationship with sea stars, is characterized by complex filiform spermatozoa. Here, spermatogenesis and spermatozoon structure in A. gibsoni have been examined using light and electron microscopy. Numerous proacrosomal vesicles of two kinds have been found in early spermatogenic cells. In spermatozoa, the elongated acrosomal complex consists of two components: a core, which is a spindle-shaped electron-dense acrosomal vesicle with a long anterior end, and its casing of moderate electron density that covers the acrosomal vesicle completely. The acrosomal complex is located laterally relative to the elongated nucleus. The acrosomal casing bears two rows of small, short channels between the nucleus and the electron-dense acrosomal core. In late spermatids, the elongations of the acrosomal complex and the nucleus occur simultaneously and are mediated by numerous microtubules that disappear during the latest stages of spermiogenesis. The flagellum in spermatogenic cells and spermatozoa contains an axoneme with the usual 9 × 2 + 2 microtubular organization and is posteriorly oriented in spermatozoa. As known to date, A. gibsoni has the most modified spermatozoa among investigated Nemertea, and the complex structure of its sperm is suggested to be associated with the reproductive biology, in particular, with fertilization. Additionally, a number of similar ultrastructural features in spermatozoon organization have been found in A. gibsoni and Kurilonemertes phyllospadicola whose phylogenetic relationship was previously proven.},
}
@article {pmid39659839,
year = {2024},
author = {Fan, X and Su, Z and Zhang, W and Huang, H and He, C and Wu, Z and Zhang, P},
title = {An advanced chitosan based sponges dressing system with antioxidative, immunoregulation, angiogenesis and neurogenesis for promoting diabetic wound healing.},
journal = {Materials today. Bio},
volume = {29},
number = {},
pages = {101361},
pmid = {39659839},
issn = {2590-0064},
abstract = {Promoting wound nerve regeneration and synchronously initiating angiogenesis are critical factors in the healing process of diabetic wounds. However, existing research on diabetic wounds mainly focuses on angiogenesis, bacterial infection and reactive oxygen species, often failing to coordinate neurogenesis and angiogenesis. To coordinate the symbiosis of nerves and blood vessels in the diabetic wounds, we successfully designed a multifunctional chitosan (CS)-based sponges by regulating the structure of CS specifically for diabetic wound healing. This sponge, which facilitates effective exudate transfer and modulates the wound microenvironment, was constructed using hydroxybutyl CS grafted with thioctic acid (TA), named as HCT sponge. When applied in a humid environment, the hydrophobic side chains of the HCT sponge interact with self-assembled hydrophobic domains, forming gel-sponge composite. Experimental results showed that the adhesion strength of the HCT sponge to wet porcine skin was 70.3 kPa. Additionally, the sponge exhibited favorable degradability, cytocompatibility and antioxidant properties. As it is shown in the experiments in vitro, sponge can not only promote cell proliferation, migration, and blood vessel formation, but also promote M2 macrophage polarization. Moreover, the rat liver and femoral artery injury model validated that the HCT sponge can effectively treat heavy bleeding from wounds efficacy through quickly sealing wounds and the formation of multiple hemostatic dams. In vivo studies indicated that the HCT sponge significantly accelerated the diabetic wound healing process compared to the recombinant bovine basic fibroblast growth factor gel, achieving a better recovery from the HCT sponge after 15 days. Pathological results show that the designed novel sponge holds considerable promise for treating diabetic wound, allowing regenerative neurogenesis and angiogenesis at the wound site, which provides a significant potential for further improving clinical applications.},
}
@article {pmid39659293,
year = {2024},
author = {Gasser, MT and Liu, A and Altamia, MA and Brensinger, BR and Brewer, SL and Flatau, R and Hancock, ER and Preheim, SP and Filone, CM and Distel, DL},
title = {Membrane Vesicles Can Contribute to Cellulose Degradation by Teredinibacter turnerae, a Cultivable Intracellular Endosymbiont of Shipworms.},
journal = {Microbial biotechnology},
volume = {17},
number = {12},
pages = {e70064},
pmid = {39659293},
issn = {1751-7915},
support = {//Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory/ ; NA19OAR0110303//National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration/ ; 1R01AI162943-01A1:10062083-NE/NH/NIH HHS/United States ; GBMF9339//Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation/ ; DBI1722553//National Science Foundation/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Symbiosis ; *Cellulose/metabolism ; *Bivalvia/microbiology ; Gammaproteobacteria/metabolism/genetics ; Chromatography, Liquid ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry ; Bacterial Proteins/metabolism/genetics ; Polysaccharides/metabolism ; Carboxymethylcellulose Sodium/metabolism ; },
abstract = {Teredinibacter turnerae is a cultivable cellulolytic Gammaproteobacterium (Cellvibrionaceae) that commonly occurs as an intracellular endosymbiont in the gills of wood-eating bivalves of the family Teredinidae (shipworms). The genome of T. turnerae encodes a broad range of enzymes that deconstruct cellulose, hemicellulose and pectin and contribute to wood (lignocellulose) digestion in the shipworm gut. However, the mechanisms by which T. turnerae secretes lignocellulolytic enzymes are incompletely understood. Here, we show that T. turnerae cultures grown on carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) produce membrane vesicles (MVs) that include a variety of proteins identified by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) as carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) with predicted activities against cellulose, hemicellulose and pectin. Reducing sugar assays and zymography confirm that these MVs exhibit cellulolytic activity, as evidenced by the hydrolysis of CMC. Additionally, these MVs were enriched with TonB-dependent receptors, which are essential to carbohydrate and iron acquisition by free-living bacteria. These observations indicate a potential role for MVs in lignocellulose utilisation by T. turnerae in the free-living state, suggest possible mechanisms for host-symbiont interaction and may be informative for commercial applications such as enzyme production and lignocellulosic biomass conversion.},
}
@article {pmid39659200,
year = {2024},
author = {Wendlandt, CE and Avelar-Barragan, J and Zomorrodian, AJ and Al-Moussawi, K and Porter, SS and Sachs, JL},
title = {Host control by Acmispon strigosus constrains fitness gains of ineffective Bradyrhizobium symbionts in mixed infections.},
journal = {Journal of evolutionary biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/jeb/voae151},
pmid = {39659200},
issn = {1420-9101},
abstract = {Plant hosts can gain significant growth benefits from symbiosis with microbes, but these benefits could be threatened by divergent fitness interests among partners. Here, we measured fitness outcomes in symbiosis, by varying the genotypes of both microbes and hosts, to examine scenarios that might favor uncooperative symbionts. We studied associations between Acmispon strigosus, an annual legume native to California, and its nitrogen fixing symbionts in the genus Bradyrhizobium. Bradyrhizobium symbionts form root nodules on compatible hosts, with strains varying from effective, fixing substantial nitrogen for the host, to ineffective strains that do not fix nitrogen and provide no benefit to host growth. We co-inoculated four A. strigosus plant lines with nine combinations of effective and ineffective Bradyrhizobium strains and measured the relative fitness of ineffective strains within individual nodules, as hosts must select against uncooperative symbionts to maintain benefits. In mixed infections, ineffective strains always had lower relative fitness in nodules compared to beneficial strains, consistent with efficient punishment of nonfixing rhizobia. However, ineffective strains exhibited genotypic variation in their fitness in nodules within individual nodules co-infected with a beneficial strain, suggesting a role for symbiont competitiveness in shaping this joint phenotype. Variation in symbiont fitness during co-inoculations did not measurably affect plant performance, suggesting that predicted conflict over the joint phenotype of rhizobia fitness has negligible effect on the host.},
}
@article {pmid39658651,
year = {2024},
author = {Garces, KR and Hanley, TC and Deckert, R and Noble, A and Richards, C and Gehring, C and Hughes, AR},
title = {Bacterial and fungal root endophytes alter survival, growth, and resistance to grazing in a foundation plant species.},
journal = {Oecologia},
volume = {207},
number = {1},
pages = {9},
pmid = {39658651},
issn = {1432-1939},
support = {IOS-1556738//National Science Foundation/ ; IOS-1556820//National Science Foundation/ ; IOS-1556087//National Science Foundation/ ; },
mesh = {*Endophytes/physiology ; *Plant Roots/microbiology ; *Herbivory ; Symbiosis ; Fungi/physiology ; Bacteria ; },
abstract = {Plants host an array of microbial symbionts, including both bacterial and fungal endophytes located within their roots. While bacterial and fungal endophytes independently alter host plant growth, response to stress and susceptibility to disease, their combined effects on host plants are poorly studied. To tease apart interactions between co-occurring endophytes on plant growth, morphology, physiology, and survival we conducted a greenhouse experiment. Different genotypes of Spartina alterniflora, a foundational salt marsh species, were inoculated with one bacterial endophyte, Kosakonia oryzae, one fungal endophyte, Magnaporthales sp., or co-inoculated. Within the greenhouse, an unplanned herbivory event occurred which allowed insight into the ways bacteria, fungi, and co-inoculation of both endophytic microbes alters plant defense chemicals and changes herbivory. Broadly, the individual inoculation of the bacterial endophyte increased survival, whereas the fungal endophyte increased plant growth traits. Following the herbivory event, the proportion of stems grazed was reduced when plants were inoculated with the individual endophytes and further reduced when both endophytes were present. Across genotypes, anti-herbivore defense chemicals varied by individual and co-inoculation of endophytes. Bacterial inoculation and genotype interactively affected above:below-ground biomass and S. alterniflora survival of ungrazed plants. Overall, our results highlight the variable outcomes of endophyte inoculation on Spartina growth, morphology, phenolics, and survival. This study furthers our understanding of the combined effects of symbionts and plant multitrophic interactions. Further, exploring intra and inter specific effects of plant--microbe symbiosis may be key in better predicting ecosystem level outcomes, particularly in response to global change.},
}
@article {pmid39561350,
year = {2024},
author = {Fajardo, J and Harrison, B and Hervet, VAD and Bakker, MG},
title = {Microbiome profiling suggests novel endosymbiont associations of insect pests of stored grain.},
journal = {Canadian journal of microbiology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1139/cjm-2024-0095},
pmid = {39561350},
issn = {1480-3275},
abstract = {Many arthropods, including economically important pests of stored grains, host intracellular bacterial symbionts. These symbionts can have diverse impacts on host morphology, stress tolerance, and reproductive success. The ability to rapidly determine the infection status of host insects and the identity of intracellular symbionts, if present, is vital to understanding the biology and ecology of these organisms. We used a microbiome profiling method based on amplicon sequencing to rapidly screen 35 captive insect colonies. This method effectively revealed single and mixed infections by intracellular bacterial symbionts, as well as the presence or absence of a dominant symbiont, when that was the case. Because no a priori decisions are required about probable host-symbiont pairing, this method is able to quickly identify novel associations. This work highlights the frequency of endosymbionts, indicates some unexpected pairings that should be investigated further, such as dominant bacterial taxa that are not among the canonical genera of endosymbionts, and reveals different colonies of the same host insect species that differ in the presence and identity of endosymbiotic bacteria.},
}
@article {pmid39658308,
year = {2024},
author = {Taylor, BN},
title = {Symbiotic nitrogen fixation in trees: Patterns, controls, and ecosystem consequences.},
journal = {Tree physiology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/treephys/tpae159},
pmid = {39658308},
issn = {1758-4469},
abstract = {Symbiotic nitrogen fixation (SNF) represents the largest natural input of bioavailable nitrogen into the biosphere, impacting key processes spanning from local community dynamics to global patterns of nutrient limitation and primary productivity. While research on SNF historically focused largely on herbaceous and agricultural species, the past two decades have seen major advances in our understanding of SNF by tree species in forest and savanna communities. This has included important developments in the mathematical theory of SNF in forest ecosystems, experimental work on the regulators of tree SNF, broad observational analyses of tree N-fixer abundance patterns, and increasingly process-based incorporation of tree SNF into ecosystem models. This review synthesizes recent work on the local and global patterns, environmental drivers, and community and ecosystem effects of nitrogen-fixing trees in natural ecosystems. By better understanding the drivers and consequences of SNF in forests, this review aims to shed light on the future of this critical process and its role in forest functioning under changing climate, nutrient cycling, and land use.},
}
@article {pmid39658219,
year = {2024},
author = {Juéry, C and Auladell, A and Füssy, Z and Chevalier, F and Yee, DP and Pelletier, E and Corre, E and Allen, AE and Richter, DJ and Decelle, J},
title = {Transportome remodeling of a symbiotic microalga inside a planktonic host.},
journal = {The ISME journal},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/ismejo/wrae239},
pmid = {39658219},
issn = {1751-7370},
abstract = {Metabolic exchange is one of the foundations of symbiotic associations between organisms and is a driving force in evolution. In the ocean, photosymbiosis between heterotrophic hosts and microalgae is powered by photosynthesis and relies on the transfer of organic carbon to the host (e.g. sugars). Yet, the identity of transferred carbohydrates as well as the molecular mechanisms that drive this exchange remain largely unknown, especially in unicellular photosymbioses that are widespread in the open ocean. Combining genomics, single-holobiont transcriptomics, and environmental metatranscriptomics, we revealed the transportome of the marine microalga Phaeocystis in symbiosis within acantharia, with a focus on sugar transporters. At the genomic level, the sugar transportome of Phaeocystis is comparable to non-symbiotic haptophytes. By contrast, we found significant remodeling of the expression of the transportome in symbiotic microalgae compared to the free-living stage. More particularly, 36% of sugar transporter genes were differentially expressed. Several of them, such as GLUTs, TPTs, and aquaporins, with glucose, triose-phosphate sugars, and glycerol as potential substrates, were upregulated at the holobiont and community level. We also showed that algal sugar transporter genes exhibit distinct temporal expression patterns during the day. This reprogrammed transportome indicates that symbiosis has a major impact on sugar fluxes within and outside the algal cell, and highlights the complexity and the dynamics of metabolic exchanges between partners. This study improves our understanding of the molecular players of the metabolic connectivity underlying the ecological success of planktonic photosymbiosis and paves the way for more studies on transporters across photosymbiotic models.},
}
@article {pmid39658194,
year = {2024},
author = {Takagi, H and Nakamura, Y and Schmidt, C and Kucera, M and Saito, H and Moriya, K},
title = {Two waves of photosymbiosis acquisition in extant planktonic foraminifera explained by ecological incumbency.},
journal = {The ISME journal},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/ismejo/wrae244},
pmid = {39658194},
issn = {1751-7370},
abstract = {Photosymbiosis, a mode of mixotrophy by algal endosymbiosis, provides key advantage to pelagic life in oligotrophic oceans. Despite its ecological importance, mechanisms underlying its emergence and association with the evolutionary success of photosymbiotic lineages remain unclear. We used planktonic foraminifera, a group of pelagic test-forming protists with an excellent fossil record, to reveal the history of symbiont acquisition among their three main extant clades. We used single-cell 18S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing to reveal symbiont identity and mapped the symbiosis on a phylogeny time-calibrated by fossil data. We show that the highly specific symbiotic interaction with dinoflagellates emerged in the wake of a major extinction of symbiont-bearing taxa at the end of the Eocene. In contrast, less specific and low-light adapted symbioses with pelagophytes emerged 20 million years later, in multiple independent lineages in the Late Neogene, at a time when the vertical structure of pelagic ecosystems was transformed by global cooling. We infer that in foraminifera, photosymbiosis can evolve easily and that its establishment leads to diversification and ecological dominance to such extent, that the proliferation of new symbioses is prevented by the incumbent lineages.},
}
@article {pmid39657996,
year = {2024},
author = {Sakioka, R and Yoneyama, K},
title = {Nitrogen deficiency influences strigolactone levels in basal parts of shoots and shoot branching phenotype in Arabidopsis thaliana.},
journal = {Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/bbb/zbae185},
pmid = {39657996},
issn = {1347-6947},
abstract = {Strigolactones (SLs) are allelochemicals attracting both symbiotic arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and root parasitic plants and a novel class of phytohormones inhibiting lateral shoot branching. In general, nutrient deficiency significantly promotes SL production in roots and exudation into the rhizosphere, and also induces suppressed shoot branching phenotype in host plants of AM fungi including rice, tomato, maize, etc. Nutrient deficiencies also inhibit the shoot branching in Arabidopsis thaliana (hereafter Arabidopsis), a non-host of AM fungi, while the level of carlactone, a non-canonical SL and the SL precursor for the other SLs, was reported to be unaffected. Because Arabidopsis SLs including CL and methyl carlactonoate,, are highly unstable, relationships between SL levels and shoot branching in Arabidopsis remain elusive. Herein, we demonstrate that nitrogen deficiency increases SL levels in the basal part of shoots in Arabidopsis and lateral shoot branching appears to be strongly regulated by these SLs.},
}
@article {pmid39657810,
year = {2024},
author = {Baine, Q and Hughes, DWW and Casares, EE and Martinson, EO and Martinson, VG},
title = {External insect gall morphology influences the functional guilds of natural enemy communities.},
journal = {Proceedings. Biological sciences},
volume = {291},
number = {2036},
pages = {20242424},
pmid = {39657810},
issn = {1471-2954},
support = {//UNM Graduate and Professional Student Association/ ; //University of New Mexico/ ; //UNM Biology Graduate Student Association/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Plant Tumors/parasitology ; *Host-Parasite Interactions ; *Larva/physiology/growth &amp; development/anatomy &amp; histology ; Insecta/physiology ; Biological Evolution ; Wasps/physiology/anatomy &amp; histology ; Symbiosis ; },
abstract = {The evolution of diverse and novel morphological traits is poorly understood, especially how symbiotic interactions can drive these adaptations. The extreme diversity of external traits in insect-induced galls is currently explained by the Enemy Hypothesis, in which these traits have selective advantage in deterring parasitism. While previous tests of this hypothesis used only taxonomic identity, we argue that ecologically functional traits of enemies (i.e. mode of parasitism, larval development strategy) are a crucial addition. Here, we characterize parasitoid guild composition across four disparate gall systems and find consistent patterns of association between enemy guild and gall morphology. Specifically, galls with a longer average larva-to-surface distance host a significantly higher proportion of enemies with a distinct combination of functional traits (i.e. ectoparasitic, idiobiont, elongate ovipositor). Our results support the Enemy Hypothesis and highlight the importance of species ecology in examining insect communities and the evolution of novel defensive characters.},
}
@article {pmid39657584,
year = {2024},
author = {O'Donnell, RP and Wong, DCJ and Phillips, RD and Peakall, R and Linde, CC},
title = {Discordance Down Under: Combining phylogenomics &amp; fungal symbioses to detangle difficult nodes in a diverse tribe of Australian terrestrial orchids.},
journal = {Systematic biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/sysbio/syae070},
pmid = {39657584},
issn = {1076-836X},
abstract = {Orchid mycorrhizal fungi (OMF) associations in the Orchidaceae are thought to have been a major driver of diversification in the family. In the terrestrial orchid tribe Diurideae, it has long been hypothesised that OMF symbiont associations may reflect evolutionary relationships among orchid hosts. Given that recent phylogenomic efforts have been unable to fully resolve relationships among subtribes in the Diurideae, we sought to ascertain whether orchid OMF preferences may lend support to certain phylogenetic hypotheses. First, we used phylogenomic methods and Bayesian divergence time estimation to produce a genus-level tree for the Diurideae. Next, we synthesised decades of published fungal sequences and morphological/germination data to identify dominant fungal partners at the genus scale and perform ancestral state reconstruction to estimate the evolutionary trajectory of fungal symbiont shifts. Across the tribe, we found phylogenomic discordance stemming from incomplete lineage sorting. However, our results also revealed unprecedented phylogenetic niche conservatism of fungal symbionts within the tribe: entire genera, subtribes, and even groups of related subtribes associate with only a single fungal family, suggesting that fungal symbiont preferences in the Diurideae do indeed reflect phylogenetic relationships among orchid hosts. Moreover, we show that these relationships have evolved directionally from generalist associations with multiple fungal families towards more specific partnerships with only one fungal family. Orchid symbiont preferences here provide new insights into the placement of several groups with longstanding phylogenetic uncertainty. In spite of complex evolutionary histories, host-symbiont relationships can be used to help detangle alternative phylogenetic hypotheses.},
}
@article {pmid39656243,
year = {2024},
author = {Basiru, S and Ait Si Mhand, K and Elfermi, R and Khatour, I and Errafii, K and Legeay, J and Hijri, M},
title = {Enhancing chickpea growth through arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus inoculation: facilitating nutrient uptake and shifting potential pathogenic fungal communities.},
journal = {Mycorrhiza},
volume = {35},
number = {1},
pages = {1},
pmid = {39656243},
issn = {1432-1890},
support = {AS-85//OCP Group/ ; },
mesh = {*Mycorrhizae/physiology ; *Cicer/microbiology/growth &amp; development ; *Soil Microbiology ; Mycobiome ; Glomeromycota/physiology ; Plant Roots/microbiology ; Nutrients/metabolism ; Rhizosphere ; Fungi ; },
abstract = {Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are the most widespread plant symbionts associated with plant roots, and theyperform numerous functions that contribute to plants' health and physiology. However, there are many knowledge gaps in how the interactions between AMF and root mycobiomes influence the performance of the host plants. To this end, we inoculated a local chickpea cultivar grown in agricultural soil under semi-controlled conditions with Rhizophagus irregularis. In addition to examining mycorrhizal colonization, plant biomass, and mineral nutrition, we sequenced the ITS region of the rDNA to assess the chickpea mycobiome and identify key fungal taxa potentially responding to R. irregularis inoculation. Our results showed that inoculation had a positive effect on chickpea biomass and mineral nutrition, especially the total aboveground phosphorus, potassium and sodium contents. Fusarium, Sporomia, Alternaria, and unknown Pleosporales were the most abundant taxa in the roots, while Stachybotris, Penicillum, Fusarium, Ascobolus, an unknown Pleosporales and Acrophialophora were the most abundant in the rhizosphere. Among the ASVs that either were enriched or depleted in the rhizosphere and roots are potential plant pathogens from the genera Didymella, Fusarium, Neocosmospora, and Stagonosporopsis. This study highlights the relevance of AMF inoculation not only for enhancing chickpea growth and mineral nutrition in semi-arid conditions but also for influencing the composition of the plants' fungal community which contributes to improved plant performance and resilience against biotic and abiotic stress.},
}
@article {pmid39656210,
year = {2024},
author = {Ling, X and Guo, H and Di, J and Xie, L and Zhu-Salzman, K and Ge, F and Zhao, Z and Sun, Y},
title = {A complete DNA repair system assembled by two endosymbionts restores heat tolerance of the insect host.},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
volume = {121},
number = {51},
pages = {e2415651121},
doi = {10.1073/pnas.2415651121},
pmid = {39656210},
issn = {1091-6490},
support = {2023YFD1400800//National Key R&amp;D Program of China/ ; no. 32250002//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; no. 2023IOZ0307//Initiative Scientific Research of Program, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Symbiosis ; *Bacterial Proteins/metabolism/genetics ; *DNA Repair ; Buchnera/genetics/metabolism ; Aphids/microbiology/genetics ; Serratia/genetics/metabolism/physiology ; Thermotolerance/genetics ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Heat-Shock Response ; },
abstract = {DNA repair systems are essential to maintain genome integrity and stability. Some obligate endosymbionts that experience long-term symbiosis with the insect hosts, however, have lost their key components for DNA repair. It is largely unexplored how the bacterial endosymbionts cope with the increased demand for mismatch repairs under heat stresses. Here, we showed that ibpA, a small heat shock protein encoded by Buchnera aphidicola, directly interacted with the cytoskeletal actin to prevent its aggregation in bacteriocytes, thus reinforcing the stability of bacteriocytes. However, the succession of 11 adenines in the promoter of ibpA is extremely prone to mismatching error, e.g., a single adenine deletion, which impairs the induction of ibpA under heat stress. Coinfection with a facultative endosymbiont Serratia symbiotica remarkably reduced the mutagenesis rate in the Buchnera genome and potentially prevented a single adenine deletion in ibpA promoter, thereby alleviating the heat vulnerability of aphid bacteriocytes. Furthermore, Serratia encoded mutH, a conserved core protein of prokaryotic DNA mismatch repair (MMR), accessed to Buchnera cells, which complemented Buchnera mutL and mutS in constituting an active MMR. Our findings imply that a full complement of a prokaryotic MMR system assembled by two bacterial endosymbionts contributes significantly to the thermostability of aphid bacteriocytes in an ibpA-dependent manner, furnishing a distinct molecular link among tripartite symbioses in shaping resilience and adaptation of their insect hosts to occupy other ecological niches.},
}
@article {pmid39656008,
year = {2024},
author = {Ishizaka, A and Tamura, A and Koga, M and Mizutani, T and Yamayoshi, S and Iwatsuki-Horimoto, K and Yasuhara, A and Yamamoto, S and Nagai, H and Adachi, E and Suzuki, Y and Kawaoka, Y and Yotsuyanagi, H},
title = {Dysbiosis of gut microbiota in COVID-19 is associated with intestinal DNA phage dynamics of lysogenic and lytic infection.},
journal = {Microbiology spectrum},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e0099824},
doi = {10.1128/spectrum.00998-24},
pmid = {39656008},
issn = {2165-0497},
abstract = {This study compared intestinal DNA phage dynamics and gut microbiota changes observed at the onset of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The study participants included 19 healthy individuals and 19 patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection. Significant differences were observed in the diversity of the intestinal DNA virome after the onset of COVID-19 compared with that in healthy individuals. Classification by their tail morphology resulted in the order Caudovirales, a double-stranded DNA phage, accounting for >95% of all participants. In classifying phages based on host bacteria, a decreased number of phages infecting mainly the Clostridia class was observed immediately after the onset of COVID-19 and recovered over time. After the onset of COVID-19, two distinct movement patterns of intestinal phages and their host bacteria were observed: phage- and bacteria-predominant. The abundance of obligate anaerobes, such as Clostridium_sense_strict_1, Fusicatenibacter, and Romboutsia, and the phages hosting these bacteria decreased immediately after the onset of COVID-19, and faster phage recovery was observed compared with bacterial recovery. In contrast, the genus Staphylococcus, a facultative anaerobic bacterium, increased immediately after the onset of COVID-19, whereas the phages infecting Staphylococcus decreased. Furthermore, immediately after the onset of COVID-19, the percentage of lytic phages increased, whereas that of temperate phages decreased. These observations suggest that the gut microbiota dysbiosis observed immediately after the onset of COVID-19 may be linked to phage dynamics that control gut microbiota and may also affect the recovery from dysbiosis.IMPORTANCEBacteriophages infect and replicate with bacteria and archaea and are closely associated with intestinal bacteria. The symbiotic relationship between gut microbiota and bacteriophages is of interest, but it is challenging to study their dynamics in the human body over time. SARS-CoV-2 infection has been reported to alter the gut microbiota, which is involved in gut immune regulation and pathophysiology, although changes in the intestinal phages of patients with SARS-CoV-2 and their dynamic relationship with the gut microbiota remain unclear. SARS-CoV-2 infection, which follows a transient pathological course from disease onset to cure, may provide a reliable model to investigate these interactions in the gut environment. Therefore, this study aimed to elucidate the correlation between gut microbiota and intestinal DNA virome dynamics in COVID-19 pathogenesis. This study found that the dysbiosis observed in SARS-CoV-2 infection involves a growth strategy that depends on the phage or bacterial dominance.},
}
@article {pmid39655940,
year = {2024},
author = {Zhang, H and Wang, W and Honnas, L and Mazzola, M and Somera, T},
title = {Evaluating the stability of nursery-established arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal associations in apple rootstocks.},
journal = {Applied and environmental microbiology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e0193724},
doi = {10.1128/aem.01937-24},
pmid = {39655940},
issn = {1098-5336},
abstract = {Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are promoted as commercial bioinoculants for sustainable agriculture. Little is known, however, about the survival of AMF inoculants in soil and their impacts on native or pre-established AMF communities in root tissue. The current study was designed to assess the stability of pre-existing/nursery-derived AMF in apple rootstocks after being planted into soil containing a known community of AMF with a limited number of species. Root-associated endophytic communities (bacteria and fungi) are known to differ depending on apple rootstock genotype. Thus, an additional aim of this study was to explore the effect of apple rootstock genotype on AMF community structure. A greenhouse experiment was conducted in which a variety of apple rootstock genotypes (G.890, G.935, M.26, and M.7) were inoculated with a commercially available, multi-species AMF consortium. Nursery-derived AMF communities were sequenced, and changes to AMF community structure following cultivation in pasteurized soil (inoculated and non-inoculated) were assessed using a Glomeromycota-specific phylogenetic tree, which included 91 different AMF species from 24 genera. Results show that inoculant colonization potential was limited and that apple rootstocks serve as a significant source of inoculum from the nursery where they are produced. Rootstocks established relationships with introduced AMF in a genotype-specific manner. Regardless of colonization success, however, the inoculant caused alterations to the resident AMF communities of both Geneva and Malling rootstocks, particularly low abundance taxa. In addition, phylogeny-based analysis revealed a unique, well-supported clade of unknown taxonomy, highlighting the importance of using phylogenetic-based classification for accurate characterization of AMF communities.IMPORTANCEUnderstanding the impacts of introduced AMF on residential AMF communities is essential to improving plant productivity in nursery and orchard systems. In general, there is a dearth of data on the interactions of commercial AMF inoculants with pre-established AMF communities living in symbiosis with the host plant. The interplay between apple rootstock genotype and the endophytic root microbiome is also an area where more research is needed. This study demonstrates the potential for nursery-established AMF associations to be maintained when transplanted into the field. In addition to providing insight into rootstock/AMF associations, our study calls attention to the current issues attendant with relying on web-based databases for determining AMF identity. The use of phylogenetic tools represents one possible solution and may be of value to industry practitioners in terms of improving product composition and consistency.},
}
@article {pmid39655922,
year = {2024},
author = {Gasser, MT and Liu, A and Flatau, R and Altamia, MA and Filone, CM and Distel, DL},
title = {Closing the genome of Teredinibacter turnerae T7902 by long-read nanopore sequencing.},
journal = {Microbiology resource announcements},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e0048424},
doi = {10.1128/mra.00484-24},
pmid = {39655922},
issn = {2576-098X},
abstract = {We present the complete closed circular genome sequence derived from the Oxford Nanopore sequencing of the shipworm endosymbiont, Teredinibacter turnerae T7902 (DSM 15152, ATCC 39867), originally isolated from the shipworm, Lyrodus pedicellatus (1). This sequence will aid in the comparative genomics of shipworm endosymbionts and the understanding of the host-symbiont evolution.},
}
@article {pmid39655918,
year = {2024},
author = {Farrell, MV and Aljaber, AM and Amoruso, M and Chan, WF and Dael, JR and De Tomas, ML and Delavega, EG and Eslava, JM and Holdbrook-Smith, BJ and Lee, P and Mai, V and Michael, LR and Moreno, SV and Quevedo, JF and Roberts, AG and Villanueva, J and Westin, C and Zazueta, DM and Shikuma, NJ},
title = {Draft genome sequences of Flagellimonas sp. MMG031 and Marinobacter sp. MMG032 isolated from the dinoflagellate Symbiodinium pilosum.},
journal = {Microbiology resource announcements},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e0091324},
doi = {10.1128/mra.00913-24},
pmid = {39655918},
issn = {2576-098X},
abstract = {Here, we report the draft genome sequences of Flagellimonas sp. MMG031 and Marinobacter sp. MMG032, isolated from coral-associated dinoflagellate Symbiodinium pilosum, assembled and analyzed by undergraduate students participating in a Marine Microbial Genomics (MMG) course. A genomic comparison suggests MMG031 and MMG032 are novel species and a resource for restoration and biotechnology.},
}
@article {pmid39655670,
year = {2024},
author = {Dong, R and Wang, W and Luo, N and Li, H and Liu, J and Wang, Y and Ye, Y and Zhu, H and Li, F and Yu, H and Cao, Y},
title = {MtNAD1 associates with the autophagy complex to contribute to the degradation of immunity-related proteins in Medicago truncatula nodules.},
journal = {The New phytologist},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/nph.20336},
pmid = {39655670},
issn = {1469-8137},
support = {32090063//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 31970307//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 32000191//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 2019YFA0904700//National Key R&amp;D Program of China/ ; AML2023B01//National Key Lab of Agricultural Microbiology/ ; 2022A1515011483//Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province/ ; 2021A1515011036//Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province/ ; },
abstract = {Plant immunity is suppressed in the symbiotic nodule cells, thereby facilitating rhizobial infection. Medicago truncatula NODULES WITH ACTIVATED DEFENSE1 (MtNAD1) is crucial for suppressing immunity in nodules; however, its molecular function is unclear. We explored the molecular basis of the role of MtNAD1 in suppressing innate immunity in M. truncatula nodules. Medicago truncatula mutants lacking MtATG7 produced defective nodules, sharing some similarities with the Mtnad1 mutant nodules. Furthermore, MtNAD1 interacted with several immunity-related proteins, including BAX-inhibitor1a (MtBI-1a), two Lysin-motif proteins (MtLYM1/2), Pathogenesis-related10 (MtPR10c/d), MtMPK3/6, and two Lysin-motif receptor kinases (MtLYK8/9). In addition, MtNAD1 and the autophagy pathway contributed to the reduction of MtBI-1, MtPR10c/d, and MtLYM1/2 protein levels in planta. Knocking out either the MtBI-1 or MtLYM1/2 gene in the M. truncatula nad1 mutant can partially restore the defective nodules of the nad1 mutant. Our results demonstrate that MtNAD1 associates with the autophagy pathway by interacting with MtATG8, contributing to the degradation of several immunity-related proteins in M. truncatula nodules during rhizobial colonization and thereby supporting the development of a successful symbiosis.},
}
@article {pmid39654066,
year = {2024},
author = {Salari, H and Amooaghaie, R and Mozafari, H and Ghorbanpour, M and Sedaghati, E},
title = {Impact of two arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi species on arsenic tolerance and accumulation in safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.).},
journal = {BMC plant biology},
volume = {24},
number = {1},
pages = {1174},
pmid = {39654066},
issn = {1471-2229},
mesh = {*Mycorrhizae/physiology ; *Carthamus tinctorius/microbiology/metabolism/drug effects ; *Glomeromycota/physiology ; *Arsenic/metabolism/toxicity ; *Soil Pollutants/metabolism/toxicity ; *Biodegradation, Environmental ; Symbiosis ; Plant Roots/microbiology/metabolism/growth &amp; development ; Chlorophyll/metabolism ; Phosphorus/metabolism ; Fungi ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can regulate metal(loid) tolerance in plants and their capacity for phytoremediation. These effects can vary depending on the host plant and the AMF species. The impact of different AMF species on the ability of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) for arsenic (As) phytoremediation is still largely unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the effect of two AMF species, Rhizophagus irregularis, and Funneliformis mosseae, on the tolerance and accumulation of As in safflower in soils spiked with varying arsenate concentrations (0, 25, 50, and 100 mg kg[-1]).<br><br>RESULTS: The results indicated that both AMF species established effective symbiotic relationships with safflower. However, plants inoculated with R. irregularis exhibited higher mycorrhizal dependency and root colonization, especially under 100&#xa0;mg&#xa0;kg[-1] As. Both AMF species significantly improved plant growth parameters, chlorophyll content, and phosphorus (P) nutrition, which resulted in increased P/As ratio and enhanced tolerance index in safflower plants. In addition, AMF inoculation reduced As-induced lipid peroxidation by enhancing catalase and peroxidase activity in leaves and roots. While the mycorrhizal symbiosis didn't affect As availability in soils, it significantly reduced shoot As concentration and the translocation factor under all As levels. Furthermore, mycorrhizal inoculation, especially with R. irregularis, increased As concentration and modified-bioconcentration factor in the roots and enhanced total As uptake per plant.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Based on the results and multivariate analyses, both AMF species, particularly R. irregularis, enhanced safflower's As tolerance by retaining As in roots, improving phosphorus nutrition, and increasing antioxidant enzyme activity, showcasing their potential to enhance phytostabilization in safflower plants.},
}
@article {pmid39653531,
year = {2024},
author = {Wang, W and Wang, FR and Guo, Y and Zhang, HB and Jiang, FF},
title = {[Characteristics of airway microbiome co-occurrence network in patients with type 2 and non-type 2 asthma].},
journal = {Zhonghua jie he he hu xi za zhi = Zhonghua jiehe he huxi zazhi = Chinese journal of tuberculosis and respiratory diseases},
volume = {47},
number = {12},
pages = {1121-1129},
doi = {10.3760/cma.j.cn112147-20241015-00611},
pmid = {39653531},
issn = {1001-0939},
mesh = {Humans ; *Asthma/microbiology/metabolism ; Female ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Adult ; Prospective Studies ; *Microbiota ; *Nitric Oxide/metabolism ; Sputum/microbiology ; Case-Control Studies ; Respiratory System/microbiology/metabolism ; Breath Tests ; },
abstract = {Objective: To study the characteristics of the airway microbiome co-occurrence network in patients with type 2 and non-type 2 asthma. Methods: In a prospective study based on a cohort of asthma patients, respiratory induced sputum samples were collected from 55 asthma patients [25 males and 30 females, with a median age of 47.7 years (age range 34.3-63.0 years)] admitted to the Department of Respiratory and Critical Care, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University and 12 healthy controls from the Physical Examination Centre of Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, from May 2021 to May 2022. According to the level of exhaled breath nitric oxide (FeNO), the asthma patients were divided into 22 cases in the high FeNO group (FeNO≥40 ppb, i.e., type 2 asthma group) and 33 cases in the low FeNO group (FeNO<40 ppb, i.e., non-type 2 asthma group). All induced sputum samples were subjected to second-generation macrogenomic sequencing and bioinformatic analyses of microbial community diversity, compositional characteristics, symbiotic network characteristics and metabolic function prediction. The Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test was used for between-group comparisons, and the linear discriminant analysis (LEfSe) method was used to compare the differences in flora composition between groups. The R language was used for microbial network analysis. In addition, PICRUSt was used to predict the metabolic-functional characteristics of the microbial communities. Results: The microbial communities in the healthy control group had a lower proportion of p_Firmicutes and p_Proteobacteria than asthma patients, 29% and 21%, respectively; 37% and 33% in the low FeNO group and 42% and 26% in the high FeNO group. The microbial network in the low FeNO group had 64 pairs of edges forming 16 communities, and about 75% of the nodes had eigenvector centrality values between 0 and 0.05, and 25% of the nodes had eigenvector centrality values between 0.10 and 0.45. There were four layers of κ-nucleosynthesis, and about 42% of the vertices were in the centre of the two layers. The microbial network of the high-FeNO group had 80 pairs of edges forming 18 clusters, and 81% of the nodes had eigenvector centrality values between 0 and 0.05, and 19% of the nodes had eigenvector centrality values between 0.10 and 0.35. The κ-nucleus decomposition had eight layers, and 21% of the vertices were located in the centre's two layers. The main functional differences between the low and high FeNO groups were shown in metabolic pathways (including sugar, lipid, amino acid, and energy metabolism), drug resistance, biofilm transport, signalling, intercellular communication, and cellular repair. Conclusions: Compared with non-type 2 asthmatics, type 2 asthmatics had a higher alpha diversity of respiratory microbiota, lower levels of microorganisms in the p_Proteobacteria, and a more aggregated microbial network. There was a significant difference in the predicted metabolic function of the two endotypes of asthmatics.},
}
@article {pmid39653482,
year = {2024},
author = {Newsham, KK and Foot, GW and Sands, CJ and Goodall-Copestake, WP},
title = {A cosmopolitan Serendipita forms mycothalli with sub-Antarctic leafy liverworts.},
journal = {Fungal biology},
volume = {128},
number = {8 Pt B},
pages = {2355-2364},
doi = {10.1016/j.funbio.2023.11.006},
pmid = {39653482},
issn = {1878-6146},
mesh = {*Hepatophyta/microbiology ; *Phylogeny ; *DNA, Fungal/genetics ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Antarctic Regions ; Symbiosis ; DNA, Ribosomal Spacer/genetics/chemistry ; DNA, Ribosomal/genetics/chemistry ; Ascomycota/genetics/classification/isolation &amp; purification/cytology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Microscopy ; },
abstract = {The occurrence of mycothalli, symbioses between liverworts and fungi, is poorly documented in sub-Antarctica, and biogeographical patterns in Serendipita, the main fungal genus forming the symbiosis, remain understudied. Here, 83 specimens of 16 leafy liverwort species were sampled from sub-Antarctic South Georgia and were examined for mycothalli. Microscopy was used to enumerate fungal structures in liverwort tissues, and sequencing of fungal ribosomal DNA was used to determine the taxonomic and biogeographical affinities of the fungi. Stained hyphal coils, a defining feature of the symbiosis, were found to be frequent (>40% of stem length colonised) in Barbilophozia hatcheri, Cephaloziella varians and Lophoziopsis excisa. A single species of Serendipita, based on a 3% cut-off for ITS2 region sequence divergence, was a frequent colonist of these liverworts. A further 18 basidiomycete and ascomycete taxa colonised other liverwort species. The presence of the Serendipita species was positively associated with the occurrence of stained hyphal coils in stem epidermal cells. Phylogenetic analyses, incorporating worldwide accessions from leafy liverwort-associated Serendipita, showed that the same species, which also occurs in Chile, mainland Europe and on Svalbard, is apparently the sole symbiont of sub- and maritime Antarctic leafy liverworts, and indicated much higher species richness of the genus outside Antarctica.},
}
@article {pmid39653175,
year = {2024},
author = {Wei, Y and Xia, W and Qian, Y and Rong, C and Ye, M and Yujie, C and Kikuchi, J and Li, YY},
title = {Revealing microbial compatibility of partial nitritation/Anammox biofilm from sidestream to mainstream applications: Origins, dynamics, and interrelationships.},
journal = {Bioresource technology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {131963},
doi = {10.1016/j.biortech.2024.131963},
pmid = {39653175},
issn = {1873-2976},
abstract = {Biofilms offer a solution to the challenge of low biomass retention faced in mainstream partial nitritation/Anammox (PN/A) applications. In this study, a one-stage PN/A reactor derived from initial granular sludge was successfully transformed into a biofilm system using shedding carriers. Environmental stressors, such as ammonium nitrogen concentration and organic matter, significantly affected the competitive dynamics and dominant species composition between Ca. Kuenenia and Ca. Brocadia. Under approximately 500 mg/L NH4[+]-N, Ca. Brocadia emerged as the dominant anammox bacteria species, but was subsequently replaced by Ca. Kuenenia in the presence of approximately 54 mg COD/L CH3COONa. Moreover, Chloroflexi species on the original biofilm exhibited an associated relationship with the growth of Ca. Kuenenia in new biofilm. The biofilm assembly and microbial community migration uniquely reveal the microbial niche dynamics. This study provides valuable insights for PN/A biofilm applications facing diverse challenges of environmental stresses in the transition from sidestream to mainstream.},
}
@article {pmid39653007,
year = {2024},
author = {Xia, Z and Xue, C and Liu, R and Hui, Q and Hu, B and Rennenberg, H},
title = {Lead accumulation and concomitant reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging in Robinia pseudoacacia are dependent on nitrogen nutrition.},
journal = {Plant physiology and biochemistry : PPB},
volume = {219},
number = {},
pages = {109388},
doi = {10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.109388},
pmid = {39653007},
issn = {1873-2690},
abstract = {Heavy metal pollution combined with nitrogen (N) limitation is a major factor preventing revegetation of contaminated land. Woody N2-fixing legumes are a natural choice for phytoremediation. However, the physiological responses of woody legumes to lead (Pb) with low N exposure are currently unknown. In the present study, a common Robinia cultivar from Northeast China, inoculated and non-inoculated with rhizobia, was exposed to -Pb or + Pb at moderate (norN) or low N application (lowN). Our results showed that without inoculation, independent of N application, Pb taken up by the roots was allocated to the shoot and inhibited photosynthesis and biomass production. In non-inoculated Robinia, Pb-mediated oxidative stress resulted in reduced H2O2 scavenging as indicated by increased ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity in the leaves and proline contents in the roots, independent of N application. Combined lowN∗Pb exposure significantly increased malondialdehyde (MDA) contents in roots and leaves and enhanced APX and dehydroascorbate reductase activities in leaves compared to individual Pb exposure. Rhizobia inoculation raised the abundance of nodules and promoted Pb uptake by roots. Under Pb exposure, inoculation with rhizobia reduced MDA contents, increased proline contents in leaves and roots and enhanced activity of nitrate reductase in the leaves, independent of N application. Under Pb exposure, nitrogenase activity of inoculated Robinia under low- and norN application were similar indicating that enhanced of N2-fixation at lowN was counteracted by Pb exposure. These results show that inoculation of Robinia with rhizobia can alleviate Pb toxicity at combined lowN and Pb exposure by reducing oxidative stress.},
}
@article {pmid39652712,
year = {2024},
author = {Shen, Z and Li, X and Zeng, Y and Zhang, X},
title = {Influence of Noncovalent Interaction on the Nucleophilicity and Electrophilicity of Metal Centers in [M[II](S2CNEt2)2] (M = Ni, Pd, Pt).},
journal = {The journal of physical chemistry. A},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1021/acs.jpca.4c05706},
pmid = {39652712},
issn = {1520-5215},
abstract = {A systematic theoretical study was performed on the electrophilic and nucleophilic properties of Group 10 square-planar metal compounds [M[II](S2CNEt2)2] (M = Ni 1, Pd 2, and Pt 3) and their complexes. The nucleophilic metal center and coordinated sulfur atom in [M(S2CNEt2)2] facilitate the formation of metal-involving and conventional noncovalent bonds. The presence a heavier metal center results in a more negative electrostatic potential and a larger nucleophilicity, which in turn leads to the formation of stronger metal-involving noncovalent bonds than those formed by a lighter metal center. The Ni[II] center was observed to display electrophilic-nucleophilic dualism with regard to noncovalent interactions, forming both a metal-involving halogen bond (Ni···I) with iodine chloride (ICl) and a semicoordination bond (Ni···N) with N-bases. The nucleophilicity and electrophilicity of the Ni[II] center are enhanced in the ternary complexes LB···1···XCl (X = H, I; LB = NH3, NHCH2, pyridine) due to the push-pull mechanism. The N···Ni semicoordination bond exerts a push effect on the dz[2] orbital of the Ni[II] center, while the Ni···X noncovalent bond provides a symbiotic pull effect on this orbital. Furthermore, the formation of metal-involving noncovalent bonds may enhance the electrophilic ability of the Pd[II] and Pt[II] center, resulting in the formation of stable ternary complexes Py···2/3···XCl (X = H, I), which are characterized by M···N and M···X interactions.},
}
@article {pmid39651901,
year = {2024},
author = {Nazem-Bokaee, H and Hom, EFY and Mathews, S and Gueidan, C},
title = {Analyzing sorbitol biosynthesis using a metabolic network flux model of a lichenized strain of the green microalga Diplosphaera chodatii.},
journal = {Microbiology spectrum},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e0366023},
doi = {10.1128/spectrum.03660-23},
pmid = {39651901},
issn = {2165-0497},
abstract = {Diplosphaera chodatii, a unicellular terrestrial microalga found either free-living or in association with lichenized fungi, protects itself from desiccation by synthesizing and accumulating low-molecular-weight carbohydrates such as sorbitol. The metabolism of this algal species and the interplay of sorbitol biosynthesis with its growth, light absorption, and carbon dioxide fixation are poorly understood. Here, we used a recently available genome assembly for D. chodatii to develop a metabolic flux model and analyze the alga's metabolic capabilities, particularly, for sorbitol biosynthesis. The model contains 151 genes, 155 metabolites, and 194 unique metabolic reactions participating in 12 core metabolic pathways and five compartments. Both photoautotrophic and mixotrophic growths of D. chodatii were supported by the metabolic model. In the presence of glucose, mixotrophy led to higher biomass and sorbitol yields. Additionally, the model predicted increased starch biosynthesis at high light intensities during photoautotrophic growth, an indication that the "overflow hypothesis-stress-driven metabolic flux redistribution" could be applied to D. chodatii. Furthermore, the newly developed metabolic model of D. chodatii, iDco_core, captures both linear and cyclic electron flow schemes characterized in photosynthetic microorganisms and suggests a possible adaptation to fluctuating water availability during periods of desiccation. This work provides important new insights into the predicted metabolic capabilities of D. chodatii, including a potential biotechnological opportunity for industrial sorbitol biosynthesis.IMPORTANCELichenized green microalgae are vital components for the survival and growth of lichens in extreme environmental conditions. However, little is known about the metabolism and growth characteristics of these algae as individual microbes. This study aims to provide insights into some of the metabolic capabilities of Diplosphaera chodatii, a lichenized green microalgae, using a recently assembled and annotated genome of the alga. For that, a metabolic flux model was developed simulating the metabolism of this algal species and allowing for studying the algal growth, light absorption, and carbon dioxide fixation during both photoautotrophic and mixotrophic growth, in silico. An important capability of the new metabolic model of D. chodatii is capturing both linear and cyclic electron flow mechanisms characterized in several other microalgae. Moreover, the model predicts limits of the metabolic interplay between sorbitol biosynthesis and algal growth, which has potential applications in assisting the design of bio-based sorbitol production processes.},
}
@article {pmid39651872,
year = {2024},
author = {Marques, M and da Silva, DM and Santos, E and Baylina, N and Peixoto, R and Kyrpides, NC and Woyke, T and Whitman, WB and Keller-Costa, T and Costa, R},
title = {Genome sequences of four novel Endozoicomonas strains associated with a tropical octocoral in a long-term aquarium facility.},
journal = {Microbiology resource announcements},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e0083324},
doi = {10.1128/mra.00833-24},
pmid = {39651872},
issn = {2576-098X},
abstract = {We report the genome sequences of four Endozoicomonas sp. strains isolated from the octocoral Litophyton maintained long term at an aquarium facility. Our analysis reveals the coding potential for versatile polysaccharide metabolism; Type II, III, IV, and VI secretion systems; and the biosynthesis of novel ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptides.},
}
@article {pmid39651235,
year = {2024},
author = {Grossman, AS and Lei, L and Botting, JM and Liu, J and Nahar, N and Souza, JGS and Liu, J and McLean, JS and He, X and Bor, B},
title = {Saccharibacteria deploy two distinct Type IV pili, driving episymbiosis, host competition, and twitching motility.},
journal = {bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1101/2024.11.25.624915},
pmid = {39651235},
issn = {2692-8205},
abstract = {All cultivated Patescibacteria, or CPR, exist as obligate episymbionts on other microbes. Despite being ubiquitous in mammals and environmentally, molecular mechanisms of host identification and binding amongst ultrasmall bacterial episymbionts are largely unknown. Type 4 pili (T4P) are well conserved in this group and predicted to facilitate symbiotic interactions. To test this, we targeted T4P pilin genes in Saccharibacteria Nanosynbacter lyticus strain TM7x to assess their essentiality and roles in symbiosis. Our results revealed that N. lyticus assembles two distinct T4P, a non-essential thin pili that has the smallest diameter of any T4P and contributes to host-binding, episymbiont growth, and competitive fitness relative to other Saccharibacteria, and an essential thick pili whose functions include twitching motility. Identification of lectin-like minor pilins and modification of host cell walls suggest glycan binding mechanisms. Collectively our findings demonstrate that Saccharibacteria encode unique extracellular pili that are vital mediators of their underexplored episymbiotic lifestyle.},
}
@article {pmid39646675,
year = {2024},
author = {Titus, BM and Bennett-Smith, MF and Chiodo, T and Rodríguez, E},
title = {The clownfish-hosting sea anemones (Anthozoa: Actiniaria): updated nomenclature, biogeography, and practical field guide.},
journal = {Zootaxa},
volume = {5506},
number = {1},
pages = {1-34},
doi = {10.11646/zootaxa.5506.1.1},
pmid = {39646675},
issn = {1175-5334},
mesh = {Animals ; *Sea Anemones/classification/anatomy &amp; histology ; Animal Distribution ; Anthozoa/classification ; Coral Reefs ; Symbiosis ; Terminology as Topic ; },
abstract = {Ten described species of sea anemones (Anthozoa: Hexacorallia: Actiniaria) serve as hosts to charismatic clownfishes (or anemonefishes) on coral reefs throughout the tropical Indo-West Pacific. Although not diverse in number, the clownfish-hosting sea anemones have large biogeographic ranges, exhibit extensive intraspecific phenotypic appearances, and have been surrounded by a great deal of historical and contemporary taxonomic and nomenclatural confusion. We believe these factors have created challenges for field scientists making real-time species-level identifications of host sea anemones. Subsequently, a surprising amount of peer-reviewed clownfish literature never accounts for the host sea anemone, omitting critical data for understanding the symbiosis ecologically and evolutionarily. Here, we leverage the revolution that has taken place in the realm of digital underwater photography over the past 30 years to provide an updated, practical field guide for the clownfish-hosting sea anemones. First however, we review and revise the nomenclature for each species to better reflect valid changes that were made in the historical literature but never broadly adopted. Next, we demonstrate that machine learning algorithms may be of limited use for automating sea anemone species IDs from digital photographs alone-highlighting the importance of organismal expertise for identifying these animals. Finally, we present high-resolution digital photographs that encompass much of the intraspecific phenotypic variation encountered underwater, discuss important characteristics useful for field IDs, and provide updated range maps for each species to better reflect the known biogeographic range of each host anemone. We hope the increased confidence in field identification provided by this guide will result in more papers incorporating the sea anemone host data into research frameworks and subsequent publications.},
}
@article {pmid39646457,
year = {2024},
author = {Fransen, CHJM},
title = {Platypontonia ngae sp. nov., a new symbiotic shrimp (Decapoda: Palaemonidae) living inside a boring gastrochaenid bivalve mollusk from the Philippines.},
journal = {Zootaxa},
volume = {5476},
number = {1},
pages = {89-98},
doi = {10.11646/zootaxa.5476.1.11},
pmid = {39646457},
issn = {1175-5334},
mesh = {Animals ; Philippines ; Female ; Male ; *Palaemonidae/anatomy &amp; histology/classification ; *Bivalvia ; *Animal Distribution ; *Body Size ; Symbiosis ; Organ Size ; Animal Structures/anatomy &amp; histology/growth &amp; development ; },
abstract = {A new symbiotic palaemonid shrimp Platypontonia ngae sp. nov., is described based on a male-female pair found inside the mantle cavity of a gastrochaenid bivalve mollusk collected on a coral slope on the island Panglao, Philippines. The new species constitutes the third member of the genus Platypontonia Bruce, 1968. The new species is described, figured and compared with its congeners.},
}
@article {pmid39646438,
year = {2024},
author = {Sun, YL and Jiang, W and Sha, ZL},
title = {Shallow-water Trapezioidea (Decapoda: Brachyura) from the South China Sea, including two new records, and notes on Tetralia glaberrima Herbst, 1790.},
journal = {Zootaxa},
volume = {5476},
number = {1},
pages = {393-423},
doi = {10.11646/zootaxa.5476.1.30},
pmid = {39646438},
issn = {1175-5334},
mesh = {Animals ; *Brachyura/classification/anatomy &amp; histology ; China ; Male ; Female ; *Animal Distribution ; Body Size ; Organ Size ; Animal Structures/anatomy &amp; histology/growth &amp; development ; Electron Transport Complex IV/genetics ; Oceans and Seas ; Phylogeny ; },
abstract = {A collection of coral symbiotic crabs (Trapezioidea) from the South China Sea reports a total of 24 species, including 12 species of Trapeziidae (including one new record: Trapezia plana Ward, 1941), four species of Domeciidae, and eight species of Tetraliidae (including one new record: Tetralia brengelae Trautwein, 2007). Live color and mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (COI) sequence data of all species are provided.},
}
@article {pmid39646244,
year = {2024},
author = {Mayén-Estrada, R and Dávila, S and Dias, RJP},
title = {Ciliate symbionts of bivalves with notes on their worldwide geographic distribution.},
journal = {Zootaxa},
volume = {5448},
number = {4},
pages = {451-481},
doi = {10.11646/zootaxa.5448.4.1},
pmid = {39646244},
issn = {1175-5334},
mesh = {Animals ; *Symbiosis ; *Bivalvia/parasitology ; *Ciliophora/physiology/classification ; *Animal Distribution ; Ecosystem ; Biodiversity ; },
abstract = {The shells, mantle cavities and various organs of mollusks serve as suitable habitats for symbiotic ciliates, as commensal, epibiotic and parasitic. With about 80,000 species, molluscans are distributed in freshwater, marine and terrestrial habitats; symbiotic ciliates have been recorded in bivalves, gastropods and polyplacophorans; however these records have not been integrated in comprehensive revisions. The goal of this work is to provide an updated checklist of the ciliates involved as symbionts of bivalve molluscs worldwide. Available records of symbiotic species of ciliates were compiled and checked, along with their molluscan hosts and localities. We obtained data for 165 species of ciliates as symbionts of 158 bivalve hosts, distributed in 31 countries, regions and seas. This is the first comprehensive study to review the biodiversity of ciliates associated with bivalves and show that only a small fraction of this class of molluscs has been studied in terms of their symbiotic relationships with ciliates.},
}
@article {pmid39646189,
year = {2024},
author = {Scioli, JA and Robles, R and Felder, DL},
title = {New species and records of the symbiotic shrimp genus Leptalpheus Williams, 1965, with notes on Fenneralpheus Felder &amp; Manning, 1986, and preliminary molecular analysis of phylogenetic relationships (Crustacea: Decapoda: Alpheidae).},
journal = {Zootaxa},
volume = {5466},
number = {1},
pages = {1-72},
doi = {10.11646/zootaxa.5466.1.1},
pmid = {39646189},
issn = {1175-5334},
mesh = {Animals ; Male ; *Phylogeny ; Female ; *Decapoda/classification/anatomy &amp; histology/genetics ; *Animal Distribution ; Symbiosis ; Body Size ; Ecosystem ; Animal Structures/anatomy &amp; histology/growth &amp; development ; Organ Size ; },
abstract = {The shrimp genera Leptalpheus Williams, 1965 and Fenneralpheus Felder &amp; Manning, 1986 are composed entirely of symbiotic species that co-inhabit burrows of infaunal macrocrustaceans. We report extensive collections of these genera from western Atlantic, eastern Pacific and Indo-West Pacific regions. Integrative taxonomy methods, including morphological comparisons and analysis of three mitochondrial genetic markers, are used to test species hypotheses and evolutionary relationships among members of these genera. Our molecular analysis failed to recover Leptalpheus or Fenneralpheus as monophyletic groups. Our results strongly supported the monophyly of three clades composed of species of Leptalpheus, loosely corresponding to previously proposed species groups. Three new species closely related to Leptalpheus forceps Williams, 1965, L. marginalis Anker, 2011, and L. mexicanus Ríos &amp; Carvacho, 1983 are described. Leptalpheus ankeri n. sp., from the Caribbean Sea, Atlantic coast of Florida, and Gulf of Mexico, is a polymorphic species that exhibits two major cheliped morphotypes. Leptalpheus sibo n. sp., from the Pacific coast of Nicaragua, is morphologically very similar to L. ankeri n. sp., likely its transisthmian sister species, and shares its cheliped polymorphism. A reassessment of L. forceps concluded that records of this species from the Caribbean Sea and Brazil are not conspecific with L. forceps sensu stricto from the Atlantic coast of the USA and the Gulf of Mexico, and they are herein described as Leptalpheus degravei n. sp. Based on both molecular and morphological evidence, we found Leptalpheus bicristatus Anker, 2011 to be a junior synonym of L. mexicanus and Leptalpheus canterakintzi Anker &amp; Lazarus, 2015 to be a junior synonym of Leptalpheus azuero Anker, 2011. First reports of Leptalpheus axianassae Dworschak &amp; Coelho, 1999 in Texas and Mexico, Leptalpheus denticulatus Anker &amp; Marin, 2009 in the Mariana Islands, Leptalpheus felderi Anker, Vera Caripe &amp; Lira, 2006 and Leptalpheus lirai Vera Caripe, Pereda &amp; Anker, 2021 in the USA, and Leptalpheus pereirai Anker &amp; Vera Caripe, 2016 in Cuba are included.},
}
@article {pmid39646068,
year = {2024},
author = {Cognato, AI and Smith, SM and Schiffer, M and Li, Y},
title = {A taxonomic review of Sueus Murayama, 1951 ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae: Hyorrhynchini) aided by molecular phylogenetic analyses.},
journal = {Zootaxa},
volume = {5477},
number = {4},
pages = {475-493},
doi = {10.11646/zootaxa.5477.4.5},
pmid = {39646068},
issn = {1175-5334},
mesh = {Animals ; Female ; Male ; *Phylogeny ; *Weevils/anatomy &amp; histology/classification/genetics ; *Animal Distribution ; Animal Structures/anatomy &amp; histology/growth &amp; development ; Body Size ; Organ Size ; },
abstract = {Four Sueus Murayama, 1951 species occur in Southeast Asia and Oceania. They all likely have a female-biased haplodiploid inbreeding mating system and feed on symbiotic ambrosia fungi. These life history traits increase the potential of adventive events. Indeed, Sueus has been recently discovered on the Caribbean island of Martinique. Morphological variation has been observed among some populations of Sueus niisimai (Eggers, 1926), which questioned species boundaries. Given the beetle's potential economic importance, we provide a molecular phylogeny as a foundation for systematic study and review the status of the known species. We sequenced a total of 1117 nucleotides from mitochondrial COI and nuclear CAD genes for 25 specimens. Parsimony and Bayesian phylogenies were similar in topology and demonstrated the sister placement of S. granulatus (Eggers, 1936) to the other Sueus species, reciprocal monophyly of S. niisimai and S. pilosus (Eggers, 1936) status restored, the monophyly of S. obesus Browne, 1977 and elevated levels of nucleotide divergence (interspecific = 16-22%). Sueus chatterjeei Smith &amp; Cognato sp. nov. (India) and Sueus insulanus Schiffer, Smith &amp; Cognato sp. nov. (Papua New Guinea) are described. Hyorrhynchus granulatus Eggers, 1936 is removed from synonymy with Hyorrhynchus lewisi Blandford, 1894 and reinstated as a valid species, Sueus granulatus (Eggers, 1936) status restored, comb. nov. A key to the eight recognized species is given. In addition, the identity of the Martinique species is revised as S. pilosus. Geographic distribution of species and the potential existence of cryptic species are discussed.},
}
@article {pmid39646064,
year = {2024},
author = {Domahovski, AC and Paladini, A},
title = {Pharsalus repandus Melichar, 1906 (Hemiptera, Ricaniidae): first record of ant-attendance in the family, ethological notes, and new records from Brazil.},
journal = {Zootaxa},
volume = {5477},
number = {5},
pages = {563-570},
doi = {10.11646/zootaxa.5477.5.3},
pmid = {39646064},
issn = {1175-5334},
mesh = {Animals ; *Ants/classification/physiology ; Brazil ; *Hemiptera/classification/physiology/anatomy &amp; histology ; Female ; Male ; *Animal Distribution ; Body Size ; Symbiosis ; Animal Structures/anatomy &amp; histology/growth &amp; development ; Organ Size ; Behavior, Animal ; },
abstract = {Ant attendance or trophobiosis is widely distributed in Auchenorrhyncha and can be defined as a disjunctive association, an interspecific relationship between two symbiotic organisms. Aggregation behavior with or without ant mutualism has been documented for nymphs and adults in a few families of Fulgoromorpha whereas ant-attendance is reported for all planthopper families except for Ricaniidae. Based on field observations of Pharsalus repandus Melichar, 1906, the present work aims to record the first mutualistic interaction of ant-attendance in a species of the family Ricaniidae, report its aggregation behavior, its host plant, and expand its known distribution to the states of Paraná and Minas Gerais. Two ants were attending the planthoppers at the same time, identified as Camponotus (Myrmotrhix) rufipes (Fabricius, 1775) and Camponotus (Myrmobrachys) crassus Mayr, 1862. We noted direct contact and observed the ants employing antennal palpation behavior to stimulate the planthoppers to deliver honeydew.},
}
@article {pmid39645585,
year = {2024},
author = {Suetsugu, K and Okada, H and Hirota, SK and Yamasaki, M and Imaichi, R and Ebihara, A},
title = {Drastic mycorrhizal community shifts in Sceptridium ferns during the generation transition from fully mycoheterotrophic gametophytes to photosynthetic sporophytes.},
journal = {The New phytologist},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/nph.20330},
pmid = {39645585},
issn = {1469-8137},
support = {JPMJPR21D6//Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology/ ; },
abstract = {Many plant species experience a prolonged subterranean phase during which they rely entirely on mycorrhizal fungi for carbon. While this mycoheterotrophic strategy spans liverworts, lycophytes, and ferns, most empirical research has centered on angiosperms. This study explores the fungal associations of Sceptridium (Ophioglossaceae), an early-diverging fern with mycoheterotrophic gametophytes. We analyzed germination patterns and fungal associations in Sceptridium gametophytes, comparing them to the distribution and mycorrhizal partners of photosynthetic sporophytes. High-throughput sequencing data reveal that mycoheterotrophic gametophytes consistently associate with a single Entrophospora fungus in the order Entrophosporales (Glomeromycotina), while photosynthetic sporophytes primarily partner with fungi from Glomeraceae (Glomerales, Glomeromycotina). Consequently, gametophytes exhibit spatial clustering without association with adult plants. This is the first documentation of an association between Entrophosporaceae (and the order Entrophosporales) and mycoheterotrophic plants. The drastic shifts in Sceptridium mycorrhizal communities across life stages likely reflect changing physiological needs during development. Further research is essential to determine whether the association with Entrophosporaceae is widespread among mycoheterotrophic species and to elucidate the functional and physiological mechanisms underlying these mycorrhizal shifts.},
}
@article {pmid39645540,
year = {2024},
author = {Sacristán, C and Guerrero, M and Sánchez, S and Rodríguez, A and García, RM and Ewbank, AC and Gros, M and Rodríguez-Mozaz, S and Martínez, IM and Guasch, L and de la Torre, A},
title = {Comparison of Oxytetracycline and Sulfamethazine Effects Over Root Elongation in Selected Wild and Crop Plants Commonly Present in the Mediterranean Cropland and Pasture Scenarios.},
journal = {Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {39645540},
issn = {1432-0703},
support = {RTI2018_095586_B_C21//Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities, the Spanish State Research Agency/ ; MCI/AEI/FEDER//European Regional Development Fund/ ; UE//European Regional Development Fund/ ; IJC2020-046019-I//Juan de la Cierva incorporaci&#xf3;n/ ; JDC2022-048632-I//Juan de la Cierva/ ; RYC2020-030324-I//Ramon y Cajal/ ; SGR ICRA-ENV 2021 01282//Generalitat de Catalunya/ ; },
abstract = {Fertilization with animal manure and sewage sludge, and the use of sewage water for irrigation, can lead to high antimicrobial concentrations in agricultural soils. Once in soil, antimicrobials can exert direct and indirect toxic effects on plants by misbalancing plant-microbe symbiotic relationships. We performed germination tests to determine the optimum germination conditions of 24 plant species (10 crop and 14 wild species). Subsequently, we analyzed the differences in oxytetracycline and sulfamethazine phytotoxicity in 19 plant species for which optimum germination conditions could be established. The root elongation of the majority of wild species was inhibited in the presence of oxytetracycline and sulfamethazine, whereas crops were mainly affected by oxytetracycline. There were no differences in sensitivity to oxytetracycline between crop and wild plant species, whereas wild plants were significantly more susceptible to sulfamethazine than crop species. Thus, to cover both productivity and biodiversity protection goals, we recommend pharmaceuticals' predicted no-effect concentration (PNEC) values based on crop and wild plant species phytotoxicity data.},
}
@article {pmid39644640,
year = {2024},
author = {Li, Q and Chen, Y and Zhang, J and Zhang, S and Li, J},
title = {Specificity of benthic invertebrate gill-associated microbiome contributes to host fitness to localized heterogeneous environment in the cold seep.},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
volume = {958},
number = {},
pages = {177861},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.177861},
pmid = {39644640},
issn = {1879-1026},
abstract = {The deep hydrocarbon fluids discharged into the water column at cold seeps create diverse and heterogeneous habitats on the seafloor. Symbiosis is essential for the survival of marine life in extreme deep-sea environments. Although the symbiotic relationship between chemoautotrophic bacteria and invertebrates has been reported, our understanding of these host-microbe interactions under heterogeneous environment remains limited. In this study, we evaluated the bacterial community structures, histological and subcellular localization, and potential functions of the gill microbiomes of six invertebrates in the Haima cold seep, South China Sea. The results showed distinct gill-associated microbiomes in these six invertebrates. Gigantidas haimaensis and Archivesica marissinica exhibit a highly dependent symbiotic relationship with their intracellular gill symbionts, characterized by a simple composition. In contrast, Alvinocaris longirostris, Shinkaia crosnieri, Phymorhynchus buccinoides, and Paraescarpia echinospica display a loosely dependent association with their extracellular gill-associated microbes, which are notably complex in composition. Moreover, gill microbiome specificity was seen among six invertebrates and host selection could be an underlying mechanism. The potential functional components of these six invertebrate gill microbiomes contribute to host fitness in heterogeneous local environments. The results obtained from our study provide insights into the ecology and evolution of host-microbe interactions and the underlying mechanisms in extreme marine environments. This information is critical for predicting the responses of benthic fauna to environmental changes in cold seeps.},
}
@article {pmid39644552,
year = {2024},
author = {Yuan, M and Shi, Z and Gao, J and Wu, S and Xu, S and Wang, X},
title = {Arbuscular mycorrhizal type increases the negative feedback of soil microbial biomass to nitrogen deposition.},
journal = {Journal of environmental management},
volume = {373},
number = {},
pages = {123617},
doi = {10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.123617},
pmid = {39644552},
issn = {1095-8630},
abstract = {Soil microbes are crucial for ecosystem health and functioning, playing key roles in decomposing organic matter, nutrient cycling, and carbon sequestration. Mycorrhizal fungi, a vital group of soil microbes, establish symbiotic relationships with plant roots, enhancing plant nutrient uptake and improving soil structure. Globally nitrogen (N) enrichment is recognized as a significant regulator of soil microbial communities. However, whether and how mycorrhiza mediate the effects of N deposition on soil microbial biomass remains unclear. Here, we conducted a global meta-analysis using 1945 paired observations (1309 AM type and 636 NonAM type) from 113 independent studies to assess the mycorrhiza-mediated responses of soil microbial biomass and respiration to N deposition. The results showed that N deposition reduced total, bacterial and fungal biomass, as well as fungi to bacteria ratio (F:B ratio), and the negative impact was more pronounced under AM type compared to NonAM type. Notably, the adverse effects intensified with increasing N application rate under AM type. Moreover, root respiration exhibited a greater increase with N deposition in AM type than in NonAM type, whereas microbial and soil respiration displayed a more significant decrease in AM type compared to NonAM type. The structural equation modeling revealed that the effects of N deposition on microbes were primarily driven by mean annual temperature (MAT) for AM type, whereas for NonAM type, it was mean annual precipitation (MAP) that played a significant role. Overall, our results indicated that soil microbes of the AM type were more susceptible to N deposition compared to those of the NonAM type. The observed patterns indicated that mycorrhizal type could effect the responses of plants and soil to nitrogen deposition, which has implications for ecosystem nutrient cycling and sustainable agriculture.},
}
@article {pmid39644422,
year = {2024},
author = {Su, Z and Li, H and Xu, Y and Zhang, C and Wu, J and Lei, Y},
title = {Establishment of an efficient Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation system for an Armillaria species, a host of the fully mycoheterotrophic plant Gastrodia elata.},
journal = {Folia microbiologica},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {39644422},
issn = {1874-9356},
support = {202301AT070379//Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities/ ; 202001AS070021//Applied Basic Research Foundation of Yunnan Province/ ; XZ202201YD0006C//Central Government Guides Local Science and Technology Development Fund Projects/ ; },
abstract = {The genus Armillaria (Basidiomycota, Agaricales, Physalacriaceae) comprises pathogenic fungi that cause root-rot disease in plants, as well as species with low pathogenicity, some of which are hosts of the fully mycoheterotrophic orchid plant Gastrodia elata (Orchidaceae). To investigate the mechanisms underlying such special interactions between Armillaria fungi and G. elata, it is crucial to establish genetic transformation platforms for the Armillaria fungi and G. elata. In this study, an Armillaria strain Arm37 was isolated from G. elata, which can form symbiosis with G. elata in axenic culture under laboratory conditions. A vector pYT-EV containing a cassette for hygromycin-resistance selection and a cassette for expressing or silencing target genes was constructed. An Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation (ATMT) system for Arm37 was successfully developed and optimized to achieve a transformation efficiency of 32%. The ATMT system was successfully used to express the reporter genes eGFP encoding enhanced green fluorescent protein and GUS encoding β-glucuronidase and to effectively silence the endogenous gene URA3 encoding orotidine-5'-phosphate decarboxylase in Arm37. This ATMT system established for Arm37 provides an efficient genetic tool for exploring the Arm37 genes that are involved in the unique interaction between the Armillaria fungi and fully mycoheterotrophic plant G. elata.},
}
@article {pmid39643654,
year = {2024},
author = {Ticinesi, A and Siniscalchi, C and Meschi, T and Nouvenne, A},
title = {Gut microbiome and bone health: update on mechanisms, clinical correlations, and possible treatment strategies.},
journal = {Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {39643654},
issn = {1433-2965},
abstract = {The intestinal microbiome is increasingly regarded as a relevant modulator of the pathophysiology of several age-related conditions, including frailty, sarcopenia, and cognitive decline. Aging is in fact associated with alteration of the equilibrium between symbiotic bacteria and opportunistic pathogens, leading to dysbiosis. The microbiome is able to regulate intestinal permeability and systemic inflammation, has a central role in intestinal amino acid metabolism, and produces a large number of metabolites and byproducts, with either beneficial or detrimental consequences for the host physiology. Recent evidence, from both preclinical animal models and clinical studies, suggests that these microbiome-centered pathways could contribute to bone homeostasis, regulating the balance between osteoblast and osteoclast function. In this systematic review, we provide an overview of the mechanisms involved in the gut-bone axis, with a particular focus on microbiome function and microbiome-derived mediators including short-chain fatty acids. We also review the current evidence linking gut microbiota dysbiosis with osteopenia and osteoporosis, and the results of the intervention studies on pre-, pro-, or post-biotics targeting bone mineral density loss in both animal models and human beings, indicating knowledge gaps and highlighting possible avenues for future research.},
}
@article {pmid39643369,
year = {2024},
author = {Li, S and Wang, R and Liu, R and Wang, L and Wang, X and Wei, J and Yuan, Y and Yue, T and Cai, R and Wang, Z},
title = {Exploring the dynamic characteristic of typical kombucha induced by symbiotic microbiota succession from four Chinese regions: A comprehensive analytical framework.},
journal = {Food research international (Ottawa, Ont.)},
volume = {198},
number = {},
pages = {115335},
doi = {10.1016/j.foodres.2024.115335},
pmid = {39643369},
issn = {1873-7145},
mesh = {*Fermentation ; *Volatile Organic Compounds/analysis/metabolism ; *Odorants/analysis ; *Microbiota ; China ; Phenols/analysis/metabolism ; Food Microbiology ; Symbiosis ; Yeasts/metabolism/classification ; Antioxidants/analysis/metabolism ; Kombucha Tea/microbiology/analysis ; East Asian People ; },
abstract = {To investigate the microbial diversities and dynamic quality properties of kombucha, the successional changes with different periods from four regions were comprehensively characterized and compared. A total of 197 indigenous yeast and bacterial strains were isolated, involving Gluconobacter, Komagataeibacter, Starmerella and Zygosaccharomyces spp. The successional dynamics of the kombucha communities in different regions were evaluated. The b* values of all kombucha decreased continuously as fermentation progressed. Results indicated that proper fermentation timing significantly influenced nutritional composition and aroma characteristics. A gradual increase in the content of individual monomeric phenols during the middle and late stages of fermentation (days 6-15). Overall, the Shaanxi (SX) region exhibited the highest content of the 10 phenolics detected on day 9, with 273.45 mg/L, followed by the Hunan (HN) region on day 9 (206.49 mg/L). Higher concentrations of bioactive compounds were produced during later stages, which determined the antioxidant properties. A total of 94 volatile compounds were identified and 32 volatiles with relative odor activity value (rOAV) ≥ 0.1. Four regions showed a decreasing trend in the number of aromas in the later stages of fermentation. The predominant compounds were acids, esters and alcohols during the later fermentation stages, which decanal, trans-β-ionone and damascenone serving as characteristic aromas. The partial least-squares regression analysis revealed that apple juice, fruity and sour apple odors showed an intensely positive impact on the overall acceptability of the kombucha.},
}
@article {pmid39642156,
year = {2024},
author = {Xie, K and Ren, Y and Huang, Y and Wang, L and Li, L and Ye, H and Yang, C and Wang, S and Xu, G and Chen, A},
title = {A conserved nuclear factor YC subunit, NF-YC3, is essential for arbuscule development.},
journal = {The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/tpj.17195},
pmid = {39642156},
issn = {1365-313X},
support = {BK20230992//Basic Research Program of Jiangsu province in China/ ; 2021YFF1000400//National Key Research and Development Program of China/ ; 32302665//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 32472831//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; YDZX2024019//Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities/ ; BX20220155//Postdoctoral Innovation Talents Support Program/ ; },
abstract = {Establishing reciprocal symbiosis with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi is an important evolutionary strategy of most terrestrial plants to adapt to environmental stresses, especially phosphate (Pi) deficiencies. Identifying the key genes essential for AM symbiosis in plants and dissecting their functional mechanisms will be helpful for the breeding of new crop varieties with enhanced nutrient uptake efficiency. Here, we report a nuclear factor YC subunit-encoding gene, OsNF-YC3, whose expression is specifically induced in arbuscule-containing cells, plays an essential role in AM symbiosis. Knockout of OsNF-YC3 resulted in stunted arbuscule morphology and substantially decreased P accumulation, while overexpressing OsNF-YC3 enhanced mycorrhization and Pi uptake efficiency. OsNF-YC3 is directly regulated by OsPHRs, the major regulators of Pi starvation responses. Chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing analysis uncovered multiple genes with crucial roles in arbuscule development as its potential downstream targets, including the AM-specific Pi transporter gene OsPT11. OsNF-YC3 can form a heterotrimer with the other two NF-Y subunits, OsNF-YA11 and OsNF-YB11, in yeast. Loss of OsNF-YA11 function also severely impaired arbuscule development in its mutants. Overall, our results highlight an essential role of OsNF-YC3 and its potential interacting NF-Y subunit, OsNF-YA11, in regulating AM symbiosis and arbuscule development.},
}
@article {pmid39641030,
year = {2024},
author = {Mfopa, AN and Kemzeu, R and Fokom, R and Yamthe, LRT and Dize, D and Boyom, FF},
title = {Phenolic compounds, antioxidant and antileishmanial activities of kombucha as affected by fermentation time.},
journal = {Heliyon},
volume = {10},
number = {22},
pages = {e40463},
pmid = {39641030},
issn = {2405-8440},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Study the impact of fermentation time on the phytochemical properties, antioxidant and antileishmanial activities.<br><br>MATERIALS AND METHODS: The preparation of Kombucha tea by fermentation was performed under aseptic conditions and symbiotic culture of bacteria and yeast (SCOBY) layer was maintained in culture for continuous growth in a water-sugar (4&#xa0;L-500&#xa0;g) mixture for 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35 days. The process of preparation was performed using a decoction. Phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and tannins was determined using standard method. The antioxidant activity was determined using three tests: DPPH&#x2022;, ABTS&#x2022;&#xa0;+&#xa0;and FRAP methods. Finally, the antileishmanial activity was performed in vitro on Leishmania donovani promastigote strains.<br><br>RESULTS: The qualitative analysis of the constituents showed the kombucha drink was rich in saponins, terpenoids, quinones, phenolic compounds, catechins and coumarins depending on the fermentation times. Depending on the fermentation time (7 days, 14 days, 21 days, 28 days and 35 days), significant quantities of phenolic compounds were obtained in the tea with values ranging from 182.42 to 509.41&#xa0;mg GAE/g dry extract; 15.83-53.05&#xa0;mg QE/g dry extract and 6.16-51.82&#xa0;mg TAE/g dry extract respectively for phenolic compounds, total flavonoids and total tannins. The SC50 values of DPPH&#x2022; and ABTS&#x2022; [+], were 14.57&#xa0;&#x3bc;g/mL; and 21.47&#xa0;&#x3bc;g/mL after 14 and 21 days of fermentation respectively indicating a good antioxidant profile. The inhibition of the promastigote form of Leishmania donovani responsible for visceral leishmaniasis was observed with the samples obtained after 7 days, 14 days and 28 days with inhibitory concentrations 50 of: 131.2, 48.86 and 128.8&#xa0;&#x3bc;g/mL respectively. The antileishmanial activity was more pronounced with the Kombucha tea after 14 days (KBT14) extract (48.86&#xa0;&#x3bc;g/mL).<br><br>CONCLUSION: The Kombucha tea revealed the presence of phenolic compounds at different fermentation time. In addition, a good antioxidant profile was observed with the different radicals analyzed. Also, the inhibition of the Leishmania parasite was obtained. Therefore, the Kombucha tea constitutes a source bioactive molecules with antioxidant properties against Leishmania parasite.},
}
@article {pmid39639425,
year = {2024},
author = {Medeiros, ID and Ibáñez, A and Arnold, AE and Hedderson, TA and Miadlikowska, J and Flakus, A and Carbone, I and LaGreca, S and Magain, N and Mazur, E and Castillo, RV and Geml, J and Kaup, M and Maggs-Kölling, G and Oita, S and Sathiya Seelan, JS and Terlova, E and Hom, EFY and Lewis, LA and Lutzoni, F},
title = {Eco-phylogenetic study of Trebouxia in southern Africa reveals interbiome connectivity and potential endemism in a green algal lichen photobiont.},
journal = {American journal of botany},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e16441},
doi = {10.1002/ajb2.16441},
pmid = {39639425},
issn = {1537-2197},
abstract = {PREMISE: Southern Africa is a biodiversity hotspot rich in endemic plants and lichen-forming fungi. However, species-level data about lichen photobionts in this region are minimal. We focused on Trebouxia (Chlorophyta), the most common lichen photobiont, to understand how southern African species fit into the global biodiversity of this genus and are distributed across biomes and mycobiont partners.<br><br>METHODS: We sequenced Trebouxia nuclear ribosomal ITS and rbcL of 139 lichen thalli from diverse biomes in South Africa and Namibia. Global Trebouxia phylogenies incorporating these new data were inferred with a maximum likelihood approach. Trebouxia biodiversity, biogeography, and mycobiont-photobiont associations were assessed in phylogenetic and ecological network frameworks.<br><br>RESULTS: An estimated 43 putative Trebouxia species were found across the region, including seven potentially endemic species. Only five clades represent formally described species: T. arboricola s.l. (A13), T. cf. cretacea (A01), T. incrustata (A06), T. lynniae (A39), and T. maresiae (A46). Potential endemic species were not significantly associated with the Greater Cape Floristic Region or desert. Trebouxia species occurred frequently across multiple biomes. Annual precipitation, but not precipitation seasonality, was significant in explaining variation in Trebouxia communities. Consistent with other studies of lichen photobionts, the Trebouxia-mycobiont network had an anti-nested structure.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Depending on the metric used, ca. 20-30% of global Trebouxia biodiversity occurs in southern Africa, including many species yet to be described. With a classification scheme for Trebouxia now well established, tree-based approaches are preferable over "barcode gap" methods for delimiting new species.},
}
@article {pmid39639105,
year = {2024},
author = {Xu, Z and Schahl, A and Jolivet, MD and Legrand, A and Grélard, A and Berbon, M and Morvan, E and Lagardere, L and Piquemal, JP and Loquet, A and Germain, V and Chavent, M and Mongrand, S and Habenstein, B},
title = {Dynamic pre-structuration of lipid nanodomain-segregating remorin proteins.},
journal = {Communications biology},
volume = {7},
number = {1},
pages = {1620},
pmid = {39639105},
issn = {2399-3642},
support = {ANR-19-CE13-0021//Agence Nationale de la Recherche (French National Research Agency)/ ; ANR-23-CE11-0005-01//Agence Nationale de la Recherche (French National Research Agency)/ ; CNRS Momentum//Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (National Center for Scientific Research)/ ; },
mesh = {*Molecular Dynamics Simulation ; Carrier Proteins/metabolism/chemistry/genetics ; Arabidopsis Proteins/metabolism/chemistry/genetics ; Protein Domains ; Plant Proteins/metabolism/chemistry/genetics ; },
abstract = {Remorins are multifunctional proteins, regulating immunity, development and symbiosis in plants. When associating to the membrane, remorins sequester specific lipids into functional membrane nanodomains. The multigenic protein family contains six groups, classified upon their protein-domain composition. Membrane targeting of remorins occurs independently from the secretory pathway. Instead, they are directed into different nanodomains depending on their phylogenetic group. All family members contain a C-terminal membrane anchor and a homo-oligomerization domain, flanked by an intrinsically disordered region of variable length at the N-terminal end. We here combined molecular imaging, NMR spectroscopy, protein structure calculations and advanced molecular dynamics simulation to unveil a stable pre-structuration of coiled-coil dimers as nanodomain-targeting units, containing a tunable fuzzy coat and a bar code-like positive surface charge before membrane association. Our data suggest that remorins fold in the cytosol with the N-terminal disordered region as a structural ensemble around a dimeric anti-parallel coiled-coil core containing a symmetric interface motif reminiscent of a hydrophobic Leucine zipper. The domain geometry, the charge distribution in the coiled-coil remorins and the differences in structures and dynamics between C-terminal lipid anchors of the remorin groups provide a selective platform for phospholipid binding when encountering the membrane surface.},
}
@article {pmid39638929,
year = {2024},
author = {Shi, Z and Ma, R and Shan, L and Tu, H and Li, Q and Su, J and Lu, F and Yu, K and Geng, Z and Slezak, P and Zhou, Z and Hu, E and Shi, S and Lan, G and Xie, R},
title = {Artificial Plateletoids Recruit Blood Proteins to Shield Symbiotic Thrombin: a Silk Fibroin/Calcium Interface Medicated Thrombin Generation and Preservation.},
journal = {Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e2406909},
doi = {10.1002/smll.202406909},
pmid = {39638929},
issn = {1613-6829},
support = {SWU-KT22004//Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities/ ; 52103096//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; MPC-2022-04099//Ernst Mach Grant Scholarship financed by the Austrian Federal Ministry of Education, Science and Research/ ; },
abstract = {Breaking the constraints of thrombin during storage and in vivo applications remains challenging because of its low stability and sensitivity to environmental temperature and acidity. Herein, an artificial plateletoid is developed for in situ thrombin generation through a co-incubation approach with plasma in vitro, utilizing a silk fibroin/Ca[2+] interface, to enhance the activity and stability of the generated thrombin. Notably, the enzymatic activity of the plateletoid thrombin platform is as high as 30 U g[-1], leading to rapid clotting within 55 s, and it persisted for at least 90 days at as high as 37 °C. This considerably lessens the difficulties associated with maintaining the cold chain while storing and shipping thrombin formulations. Additionally, a gastric bleeding model confirmed that the plateletoid platform improved the acid resistance of thrombin by upregulating the pH of the gastric environment (pH 0.8), facilitating oral delivery of thrombin for effective hemorrhage control in highly acidic stomach conditions. This pioneering study addresses the constraints of thrombin in storage and in vivo applications and may provide a basis for further research on biological storage and delivery approaches.},
}
@article {pmid39638784,
year = {2024},
author = {Guillory, A and Fournier, J and Kelner, A and Hobecker, K and Auriac, MC and Frances, L and Delers, A and Pedinotti, L and Le Ru, A and Keller, J and Delaux, PM and Gutjahr, C and Frei Dit Frey, N and de Carvalho-Niebel, F},
title = {Annexin- and calcium-regulated priming of legume root cells for endosymbiotic infection.},
journal = {Nature communications},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {10639},
pmid = {39638784},
issn = {2041-1723},
support = {TULIP ANR-10-LABX-41//Agence Nationale de la Recherche (French National Research Agency)/ ; COME-IN ANR-14-CE35-0007-01//Agence Nationale de la Recherche (French National Research Agency)/ ; LIVE-SWITCH ANR-19-CE20-0026-01//Agence Nationale de la Recherche (French National Research Agency)/ ; LIVE-SWITCH ANR-19-CE20-0026-01//Agence Nationale de la Recherche (French National Research Agency)/ ; LIVE-SWITCH ANR-19-CE20-0026-01//Agence Nationale de la Recherche (French National Research Agency)/ ; grant No. 759731//EC | EU Framework Programme for Research and Innovation H2020 | H2020 European Institute of Innovation and Technology (H2020 The European Institute of Innovation and Technology)/ ; },
mesh = {*Symbiosis ; *Medicago truncatula/microbiology/metabolism ; *Calcium/metabolism ; *Plant Roots/microbiology/metabolism ; *Mycorrhizae/physiology ; Rhizobium/physiology ; Plant Proteins/metabolism/genetics ; Annexins/metabolism ; },
abstract = {Legumes establish endosymbioses with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi or rhizobia bacteria to improve mineral nutrition. Symbionts are hosted in privileged habitats, root cortex (for AM fungi) or nodules (for rhizobia) for efficient nutrient exchange. To reach these habitats, plants form cytoplasmic cell bridges, key to predicting and guiding fungal hyphae or rhizobia-filled infection thread (IT) root entry. However, the underlying mechanisms are poorly studied. Here we show that unique ultrastructural changes and calcium (Ca[2+]) spiking signatures, closely associated with Medicago truncatula Annexin 1 (MtAnn1) accumulation, accompany rhizobia-related bridge formation. Loss of MtAnn1 function in M. truncatula affects Ca[2+] spike amplitude, cytoplasmic configuration and rhizobia infection efficiency, consistent with a role of MtAnn1 in regulating infection priming. MtAnn1, which evolved in species establishing intracellular symbioses, is also AM-symbiosis-induced and required for proper arbuscule formation. Together, we propose that MtAnn1 is part of an ancient Ca[2+]-regulatory module for transcellular endosymbiotic infection.},
}
@article {pmid39637140,
year = {2024},
author = {Cheibchalard, T and Leelahavanichkul, A and Chatthanathon, P and Klankeo, P and Hirankarn, N and Somboonna, N},
title = {Fungal microbiome in gut of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)-prone mice (pristane and FCGRIIb deficiency), a possible impact of fungi in lupus.},
journal = {PloS one},
volume = {19},
number = {12},
pages = {e0314662},
pmid = {39637140},
issn = {1932-6203},
mesh = {Animals ; *Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/microbiology/immunology ; Mice ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; *Receptors, IgG/genetics/deficiency ; Mycobiome ; Disease Models, Animal ; Terpenes ; Fungi/genetics/isolation &amp; purification ; Female ; Feces/microbiology ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; },
abstract = {The gut mycobiota (fungal microbiota) plays a crucial role in the immune system, potentially impacting autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Despite growing interest, data on intestinal fungi in SLE remain limited. This study thereby investigated the human-mimicked (mice) gut mycobiome and quantitative gut mycobiome analyses using universal fungal internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) DNA next generation sequencing and real-time PCR, tracking time-series dynamics from preclinical to established SLE conditions in two SLE-prone mouse models. These models included pristane -induced mice, representing an environmental cause of SLE, and Fc gamma receptor RIIb (FcgRIIb) deficiency mice, representing a genetic factor. Fecal samples and different intestinal sections from mice aged 2-10 months were analyzed, including samples from 4-month-old and 11-month-old mice, which represented preclinical lupus (negative for anti-dsDNA) and established SLE conditions (positive for anti-dsDNA with proteinuria), respectively, alongside age-matched healthy controls. Results showed increased fungal diversity, specific changes in gut fungal species (i.e. increased Candida spp.), and an elevated Basidiomycota-to-Ascomycota (Basidiomycota/Ascomycota) ratio, which correlated with lupus activity in both lupus models. Linear discriminant analysis Effect Size (LEfSe; a possible representative organism) helped identify specific fungal difference between the lupus models. Our findings revealed that active lupus states may elevate gut fungal populations and alter fungal components in both the pristane and genetically susceptible SLE-prone mice, as indicated by mycobiota and quantitative mycobiota analyses. These changes could, in turn, influence disease activity. This research is essential for a deeper understand of the SLE-gut microbiome association, as the gut microbiome comprises both bacterial and fungal symbiosis. Manipulating fungal communities could present a potential therapeutic avenue for influencing disease outcomes in lupus. Further studies are crucial to clarify the direct role of gut fungi in lupus disease progression.},
}
@article {pmid39636981,
year = {2024},
author = {Gutiérrez-García, K and Aumiller, K and Dodge, R and Obadia, B and Deng, A and Agrawal, S and Yuan, X and Wolff, R and Zhu, H and Hsia, RC and Garud, N and Ludington, WB},
title = {A conserved bacterial genetic basis for commensal-host specificity.},
journal = {Science (New York, N.Y.)},
volume = {386},
number = {6726},
pages = {1117-1122},
doi = {10.1126/science.adp7748},
pmid = {39636981},
issn = {1095-9203},
mesh = {Animals ; *Adhesins, Bacterial/genetics/metabolism ; *Drosophila melanogaster/microbiology/genetics ; Genomic Islands ; *Host Specificity ; *Lactobacillus plantarum/genetics ; Symbiosis ; },
abstract = {Animals selectively acquire specific symbiotic gut bacteria from their environments that aid host fitness. To colonize, a symbiont must locate its niche and sustain growth within the gut. Adhesins are bacterial cell surface proteins that facilitate attachment to host tissues and are often virulence factors for opportunistic pathogens. However, the attachments are often transient and nonspecific, and additional mechanisms are required to sustain infection. In this work, we use live imaging of individual symbiotic bacterial cells colonizing the gut of living Drosophila melanogaster to show that Lactiplantibacillus plantarum specifically recognizes the fruit fly foregut as a distinct physical niche. L. plantarum establishes stably within its niche through host-specific adhesins encoded by genes carried on a colonization island. The adhesin binding domains are conserved throughout the Lactobacillales, and the island also encodes a secretion system widely conserved among commensal and pathogenic bacteria.},
}
@article {pmid39636364,
year = {2024},
author = {Plante, M},
title = {A new symbiotic, holistic and gradualist model proposal for the concept of "living organism".},
journal = {Theory in biosciences = Theorie in den Biowissenschaften},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {39636364},
issn = {1611-7530},
abstract = {In biology, the concept of "living organism" has traditionally been based on the smallest level of organization comprising all the necessary and essential characteristics of life: the cell. Today, this concept is being challenged by the analysis of ambiguous biological entities, located both below and above the level of the living cell, which exhibit some of the characteristics of living organisms. This situation has given rise to an epistemological pluralism of the concepts of "organism", "individual" and "living", for which no clear and unanimous definition has yet been accepted. The aim of this manuscript is to explore new ideas and perspectives for defining the concept of "living organism", in order to eliminate a certain level of pluralism that could generate confusion, particularly in the pragmatic context of biological research. First, I expose the dualism of the concepts of "organism" and "individual" and suggest a fusion of these concepts in order to eliminate a certain level of pluralism. In doing so, I develop a symbiotic and holistic definition of the concept of "living organism", which includes different structural levels of the organism: molecular, cellular and ecosystems. Second, I present the epistemological problem of the concept of "living", which is closely related to the concepts of "organism" and "individual", by analyzing the list and gradational types of definition. In doing so, I propose a new symbiotic, holistic and gradualist model of the concept of "living organism", using a gradation of several properties of the living applied to the different structural levels of the organism developed previously (molecular, cellular, ecosystems).},
}
@article {pmid39635761,
year = {2024},
author = {Wang, Z and Miao, X and Wu, X and Wu, Y and Han, T and Su, Y and Liu, P and Zhu, Z and Xu, RX},
title = {Utilizing photosynthetic oxygen-releasing biomaterials to modulate blood vessel growth in the chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane.},
journal = {Biomaterials science},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1039/d4bm00880d},
pmid = {39635761},
issn = {2047-4849},
abstract = {Effective vascularization is crucial for the success of tissue engineering and is influenced by numerous factors. The present work focuses on investigating the effect of a substance, cyanobacteria-loaded oxygen-releasing hydrogel, on vascularization and verifying the effect of photosynthetic-oxygen-releasing biomaterials containing a cyanobacteria hydrogel on angiogenesis, using the chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) as a model system. On the eighth day of embryonic development, cyanobacterial microspheres were placed on the CAM and maintained in a light incubator under appropriate growth and photosynthesis conditions. The effect of cyanobacterial microspheres on vascularization was evaluated from the eighth day of embryonic development. The carrier material used to prepare the microspheres was a calcium alginate hydrogel, which is biocompatible for maintaining embryonic vitality. The article studied the preparation method, the optimal process, and the specific effects of in vivo co-culture on CAM vascularization and development. The data indicate that our prepared photosynthetic oxygen-releasing blue-green algal microspheres have the potential for symbiosis with tissues by supplying oxygen to tissues and inducing vascular growth through photosynthetic oxygen release. This research opens new avenues for applying cyanobacterial microspheres, a novel biological oxygen-releasing material, in regenerative medicine.},
}
@article {pmid39633586,
year = {2025},
author = {Moura, IB and Buckley, AM},
title = {Using nutrition to help recovery from infections.},
journal = {Current opinion in gastroenterology},
volume = {41},
number = {1},
pages = {54-58},
pmid = {39633586},
issn = {1531-7056},
mesh = {Humans ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome/physiology ; *Dysbiosis ; *Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use ; Clostridium Infections ; Dietary Fiber/administration &amp; dosage ; Clostridioides difficile ; },
abstract = {PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Antibiotics are a cornerstone of modern medicine, but antibiotic consumption can have depleting effects on the gut microbiota, potentially leading to gastrointestinal symptoms and other diseases, namely Clostridioides difficile infection. Because nutrition is a major driver of gut microbiota diversity and function, here we explore the current evidence on the potential of diets in alleviate the deleterious effects of antibiotics consumed during infections.<br><br>RECENT FINDINGS: Beneficial nutrients can enhance the symbiotic effect of the gut microbiota with the host, supporting anti-inflammatory responses and maintaining tight junction integrity. Short-chain fatty acids have been shown to positively affect the immune response, reducing the severity of C. difficile infection, whereas high-fibre diets have been shown to promote faster recovery of the gut microbiota after antibiotic therapy.<br><br>SUMMARY: The role of nutrition during infection is gaining momentum, with key findings exploring the effect of some nutrients in limiting the severity of infections and helping the microbiota recover from antibiotic-induced dysbiosis. Although this field is in its infancy, these findings open the possibility of personalised nutrition as a way of restoring microbiome diversity. But more work is needed to identify the most effective types and combinations of nutrients to achieve this.},
}
@article {pmid39633484,
year = {2024},
author = {Pérez, Y and Almendras, K and Millanes, AM and Serey, N and Yurkov, A and Lizana, N and Nesci, A and Fessia, A and Orlando, J},
title = {Peltigera lichens as sources of uncharacterized cultured basidiomycete yeasts.},
journal = {IMA fungus},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {39},
pmid = {39633484},
issn = {2210-6340},
support = {FONDECYT - 1181510//Agencia Nacional de Investigaci&#xf3;n y Desarrollo/ ; Millennium Science Initiative Program - ICN2021_002//Agencia Nacional de Investigaci&#xf3;n y Desarrollo/ ; National Doctoral Fellowship - 21190058//Agencia Nacional de Investigaci&#xf3;n y Desarrollo/ ; },
abstract = {Lichens represent one of the most successful examples of symbiosis. They are constituted by the association between a dominant fungus (i.e., the mycobiont), one or more photosynthetic partners (algae or cyanobacteria), and harbor an array of associated microorganisms, including bacteria and fungi. The associated fungal communities in lichens, known as the "lichen mycobiome", are composed of both ascomycetes and basidiomycetes, including filamentous and yeast taxa. Recently, basidiomycete yeasts have received considerable attention as a much-overlooked source of diversity within the lichen mycobiome, with hypothesized roles in lichen symbiosis. This study surveyed the diversity of cultivable basidiomycete yeasts associated with Peltigera lichens across southern Chile. A phylogenetic study based on sequences of 179 yeast isolates allowed the identification of 29 taxa from 13 genera in the classes Agaricostilbomycetes, Cystobasidiomycetes, Microbotryomycetes, and Tremellomycetes, with the latter being the most represented. This research revealed several yeast species, including members of the genera Boekhoutia and Goffeauzyma, in lichens for the first time, thereby expanding our understanding of lichen-associated fungal diversity. In addition, four new cultivable species isolated from Peltigera are formally described. These are Boekhoutia peltigerae sp. nov., Cystobasidium chilense sp. nov., Genolevuria patagonica sp. nov. and Pseudotremella navarinensis sp. nov. These results highlight the role of lichens as reservoirs of uncharacterized basidiomycete yeasts.},
}
@article {pmid39631347,
year = {2024},
author = {Lu, B and Lin, Y and He, C and Wang, Z and Li, X and He, X},
title = {Effects of dark septate endophyte on root growth, physiology and transcriptome of Ammopiptanthus mongolicus seedlings under drought stress.},
journal = {Plant physiology and biochemistry : PPB},
volume = {219},
number = {},
pages = {109367},
doi = {10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.109367},
pmid = {39631347},
issn = {1873-2690},
abstract = {As the only evergreen relict species in the desert environment of western China, Ammopiptanthus mongolicus (Leguminosae) roots is colonized with dark septate endophytes (DSE), but the potential of DSE to alleviate the adverse effects of drought on seedling roots remains uncertain. This study examined the effects of DSE on root growth, physiology and transcriptome of A. mongolicus under drought stress. Drought drastically reduced root biomass by 47.7%, while all DSE strains established positive symbiosis with A.mongolicus, with G.hyphopodioides having the most pronounced promoting effect. Inoculation with G. hyphopodioides alleviated drought stress injury by increasing CAT activity, AsA content and soluble sugar content in the roots, with a significant reduction in MDA accumulation by 97.7%. G. hyphopodioides also significantly increased zeatin and brassinosteroid contents, which in turn regulated the root structure and increased root activity, resulting in a 208.6% increase in root biomass. Transcriptome analysis screened 1246 differentially expressed genes (542 up-regulated and 704 down-regulated) between G. hyphopodioides inoculation under drought treatment, mainly associated with phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, ascorbic acid and aldehyde metabolism, hormone synthesis and signalling, sucrose and starch metabolism, and vitamin B6 metabolism, and further investigated and identified key potential genes and transcription factors (DREB, ERF, NAC, MYB, C2H2). These findings reveal the physiological and molecular mechanisms by which DSE symbiosis improves the drought resistance of A. mongolicus seedlings, providing valuable guidance on the use of DSE resources to promote ecological construction and production of desert plants.},
}
@article {pmid39631247,
year = {2024},
author = {Zhao, W and Zhang, Y and Chen, J and Hu, D},
title = {Revolutionizing oral care: Reactive oxygen species (ROS)-Regulating biomaterials for combating infection and inflammation.},
journal = {Redox biology},
volume = {79},
number = {},
pages = {103451},
doi = {10.1016/j.redox.2024.103451},
pmid = {39631247},
issn = {2213-2317},
abstract = {The human oral cavity is home to a delicate symbiosis between its indigenous microbiota and the host, the balance of which is easily perturbed by local or systemic factors, leading to a spectrum of oral diseases such as dental caries, periodontitis, and pulp infections. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play crucial roles in the host's innate immune defenses. However, in chronic inflammatory oral conditions, dysregulated immune responses can result in excessive ROS production, which in turn exacerbates inflammation and causes tissue damage. Conversely, the potent antimicrobial properties of ROS have inspired the development of various anti-infective therapies. Therefore, the strategic modulation of ROS by innovative biomaterials is emerging as a promising therapeutic approach for oral infection and inflammation. This review begins by highlighting the state-of-the-art of ROS-regulating biomaterials, which are designed to generate, scavenge, or modulate ROS in a bidirectional manner. We then delve into the latest innovations in these biomaterials and their applications in treating a range of oral diseases, including dental caries, endodontic and periapical conditions, periodontitis, peri-implantitis, and oral candidiasis. The review concludes with an overview of the current challenges and future potential of these biomaterials in clinical settings. This review provides novel insights for the ongoing development of ROS-based therapeutic strategies for oral diseases.},
}
@article {pmid39631125,
year = {2024},
author = {Zhang, JY and Li, XY and Li, DX and Zhang, ZH and Hu, LQ and Sun, CX and Zhang, XN and Wu, M and Liu, LT},
title = {Endoplasmic reticulum stress in intestinal microecology: A controller of antineoplastic drug-related cardiovascular toxicity.},
journal = {Biomedicine &amp; pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine &amp; pharmacotherapie},
volume = {181},
number = {},
pages = {117720},
doi = {10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117720},
pmid = {39631125},
issn = {1950-6007},
abstract = {Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is extensively studied as a pivotal role in the pathological processes associated with intestinal microecology. In antineoplastic drug treatments, ER stress is implicated in altering the permeability of the mechanical barrier, depleting the chemical barrier, causing dysbiosis, exacerbating immune responses and inflammation in the immune barrier. Enteric dysbiosis and intestinal dysfunction significantly affect the circulatory system in various heart disorders. In antineoplastic drug-related cardiovascular (CV) toxicity, ER stress constitutes a web of relationships in the host-microbiome symbiotic regulatory loop. Therefore, understanding the holobiont perspective will help de-escalate spatial and temporal restrictions. This review investigates the role of ER stress-mediated gut microecological alterations in antineoplastic treatment-induced CV toxicity.},
}
@article {pmid39629824,
year = {2024},
author = {Lomax, N and Vinjamuri, S and Vinjamuri, S and Franco, D and Schroeder, G and Harrop, J},
title = {A Comprehensive Exploration of Digital Twinning in Spine Surgery.},
journal = {Clinical spine surgery},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1097/BSD.0000000000001748},
pmid = {39629824},
issn = {2380-0194},
abstract = {One recent innovation in the health care landscape is the integration of Digital Twin (DT) in the field of spine surgery. DT, first used in 2002 is defined as the replication of physical entities in a virtual environment. It has emerged as a transformative tool for optimizing complex systems. In this review, we delve into the intersection of DT and spine surgery, exploring how this symbiotic relationship is reshaping precision medicine. By creating virtual replicas of the spine and its intricate neural networks, surgeons gain insights into personalized patient care, preoperative planning, and postoperative analysis. This exploration tackles the potential impact of DT on neurosurgical procedures, emphasizing its role in enhancing surgical precision, improving patient outcomes, and pushing the boundaries of innovation in modern health care.},
}
@article {pmid39628589,
year = {2024},
author = {Zou, ZP and Zhang, XP and Zhang, Q and Yin, BC and Zhou, Y and Ye, BC},
title = {Genetically engineered bacteria as inflammatory bowel disease therapeutics.},
journal = {Engineering microbiology},
volume = {4},
number = {4},
pages = {100167},
pmid = {39628589},
issn = {2667-3703},
abstract = {Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic and recurrent disease caused by immune response disorders that disrupt the intestinal lumen symbiotic ecosystem and dysregulate mucosal immune functions. Current therapies available for IBD primarily focus on symptom management, making early diagnosis and prompt intervention challenging. The development of genetically engineered bacteria using synthetic biology presents a new strategy for addressing these challenges. In this review, we present recent breakthroughs in the field of engineered bacteria for the treatment and detection of IBD and describe how bacteria can be genetically modified to produce therapeutic molecules or execute diagnostic functions. In particular, we discuss the challenges faced in translating live bacterial therapeutics from bacterial design to delivery strategies for further clinical applications.},
}
@article {pmid39628257,
year = {2024},
author = {Lü, LY and Jin, MT and Wei, ZY and Gao, WF and Sun, L},
title = {[Research Progress on the Efficiency and Mechanism of Iron-based Materials for Enhancing Anaerobic Digestion of Municipal Sludge].},
journal = {Huan jing ke xue= Huanjing kexue},
volume = {45},
number = {11},
pages = {6713-6722},
doi = {10.13227/j.hjkx.202312066},
pmid = {39628257},
issn = {0250-3301},
mesh = {*Sewage/microbiology/chemistry ; Anaerobiosis ; *Iron/metabolism/chemistry ; *Waste Disposal, Fluid/methods ; *Bioreactors/microbiology ; Cities ; },
abstract = {Achieving effective treatment and resource reuse of municipal sludge is a worthwhile research issue. Currently, anaerobic digestion treatment is an effective way to achieve the resource utilization of municipal sludge. However, due to the slow start-up, poor stability and low gas production efficiency of anaerobic digestion systems, sludge anaerobic digestion faces many challenges in practical engineering applications. Iron-based material has been proven to be a good conductive material for promoting anaerobic digestion of municipal sludge. On the basis of previous studies, this article summarized the effects of different iron-based materials on anaerobic digestion of municipal sludge. Simultaneously, from the perspectives of alleviating toxic substance inhibition, enhancing microbial metabolism, and promoting electron transfer between symbiotic microorganisms, the mechanism of iron-based materials enhancing anaerobic digestion of municipal sludge was summarized. The mechanism of direct interspecific electron transfer mediated by iron-based materials in enhancing anaerobic digestion of municipal sludge was described, and the research direction of iron-based materials enhancing anaerobic digestion of municipal sludge was prospected.},
}
@article {pmid39628791,
year = {2024},
author = {Shoaib, M and Bai, R and Li, S and Xie, Y and Shen, Y and Ni, J},
title = {Exploring the diversity of microbes and natural products from fungus-growing termite tripartite symbiosis.},
journal = {Engineering microbiology},
volume = {4},
number = {1},
pages = {100124},
pmid = {39628791},
issn = {2667-3703},
abstract = {The fungus-growing termite is considered a distinct ecological niche because it involves a tripartite symbiosis between the termite host, gut microflora, and the in vitro fungus Termitomyces, which has led to the expansion of highly organized and complex societies among termite colonies. Tripartite symbiosis in fungus-growing termites may promote unique microbes with distinctive metabolic pathways that may serve as valuable resources for developing novel antimicrobial therapeutic options. Recent research on complex tripartite symbioses has revealed a plethora of previously unknown natural products that may have ecological roles in signaling, communication, or defense responses. Natural products produced by symbionts may act as crucial intermediaries between termites and their pathogens by providing direct protection through their biological activities. Herein, we review the state-of-the-art research on both microbes and natural products originated from fungus-growing termite tripartite symbiosis, highlighting the diversity of microbes and the uniqueness of natural product classes and their bioactivities. Additionally, we emphasize future research prospects on fungus-growing termite related microorganisms, with a particular focus on their potential roles in bioactive product discovery.},
}
@article {pmid39628197,
year = {2024},
author = {Yu, G and Zhao, SL and Feng, SM and Sun, YB and Chen, F},
title = {[Effects of Different Fertilization Treatments on Bacterial Community and Citrus Quality in Yellow Soils of the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau].},
journal = {Huan jing ke xue= Huanjing kexue},
volume = {45},
number = {12},
pages = {7337-7349},
doi = {10.13227/j.hjkx.202401001},
pmid = {39628197},
issn = {0250-3301},
mesh = {*Fertilizers ; *Citrus/growth &amp; development ; China ; *Soil Microbiology ; *Soil/chemistry ; *Bacteria/classification/growth &amp; development ; Manure ; Charcoal ; Nitrogen/analysis ; Phosphorus/analysis ; Altitude ; },
abstract = {To investigate the intrinsic driving mechanism of citrus yield and quality enhancement under different fertilizer applications, a field experiment was conducted to study the effects of biochar （SW）, organic fertilizer （YJ）, farmyard manure （NJ）, chemical fertilizer （HF）, and no fertilizer as the control （CK） on soil physical and chemical properties, bacterial community characteristics, and citrus quality of citrus orchards in the yellow soil area of the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau. The results showed that compared with those in the CK treatment, the yield, single fruit weight, edible rate, juice rate, vitamin C content, and soluble solids of citrus increased under the different fertilization treatments. In contrast, the titratable acid content of citrus decreased, resulting in an increase in the solid-acid ratio of citrus. Among the different fertilization treatments, the most significant effective treatment was SW. The SW and YJ treatments significantly increased the soil pH value, while the HF treatment decreased soil pH. Different fertilization treatments could increase the contents of soil organic matter, hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium. The SW treatment exhibited the most obvious effect on the contents of soil hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium. The YJ treatment exhibited the most obvious effect on the soil organic matter content. The different fertilization treatments significantly affected soil bacterial community diversity and community structure, among which the SW treatment significantly increased the soil Chao1 index, observed species index, and Shannon index； optimized soil bacterial community structure； and made the bacterial symbiotic network simple and stable. By contrast, the HF treatment significantly decreased the soil Chao1 index, observed species index, and Simpson index and had less effect on bacterial community structure. Redundancy analysis showed that soil available potassium （96.47%）, Chao1 index （73.80%）, and Chujaibacter （55.92%） were the key factors in improving citrus yield and quality. Variance decomposition analysis indicated that the soil bacterial community structure was the largest contributor （17.00%） to the improvement in citrus yield and quality. In conclusion, fertilization can effectively improve soil physical and chemical properties, increase soil nutrient supply level, optimize bacterial community structure, and improve citrus yield and quality. Of these, biochar can be used as a priority for the fertilization and improvement of the soil in citrus orchards in the yellow soil area of the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau.},
}
@article {pmid39627436,
year = {2024},
author = {Wu, Y and Li, C and Geng, Z and Wang, L and Wang, S and Zhang, D and Li, D and Meng, F},
title = {Anti-Colon Cancer Effects of Lysate from Potential Probiotic Yeast Strains Derived from Human Breast Milk.},
journal = {Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {39627436},
issn = {1867-1314},
abstract = {Breast milk contains a diverse array of symbiotic microorganisms, including beneficial probiotics. While most research has focused on the bacterial composition of breast milk, the fungal community (mycobiota) has received limited attention. In this study, we isolated and evaluated yeast strains from breast milk, demonstrating the safety and probiotic potential of four strains through hemolysis tests, antimicrobial activity, tolerance to gastrointestinal conditions, aggregation, cell adhesion, and antioxidant activity assays. These yeast strains significantly inhibited the proliferation of pathogenic bacteria and showed strong antioxidant properties. Moreover, lysates from Rhodotorula mucilaginosa and Cryptococcus laurentii isolated from breast milk markedly inhibited the proliferation of colon cancer cell lines (HT-29 and SW620) and induced apoptosis by upregulating key apoptosis-related genes (caspase 3, caspase 9, and Bax), as well as autophagy-related genes (Beclin-1, LC3, and ATG5). This study provides valuable insights into the potential of breast milk-derived yeast strains for developing novel probiotic therapies for colon cancer treatment.},
}
@article {pmid39627243,
year = {2024},
author = {Jaber, Y and Sarusi-Portuguez, A and Netanely, Y and Naamneh, R and Yacoub, S and Saar, O and Drawshave, N and Eli-Berchoer, L and Shapiro, H and Elinav, E and Wilensky, A and Hovav, AH},
title = {Gingival spatial analysis reveals geographic immunological variation in a microbiota-dependent and -independent manner.},
journal = {NPJ biofilms and microbiomes},
volume = {10},
number = {1},
pages = {142},
pmid = {39627243},
issn = {2055-5008},
support = {2272/20//Israel Science Foundation (ISF)/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Gingiva/microbiology/immunology ; Mice ; *Microbiota ; Spatial Analysis ; Biofilms/growth &amp; development ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Alveolar Bone Loss/microbiology ; Bacteria/classification/genetics ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mouth Mucosa/immunology/microbiology ; Host Microbial Interactions/immunology ; },
abstract = {In mucosal barriers, tissue cells and leukocytes collaborate to form specialized niches that support host-microbiome symbiosis. Understanding the spatial organization of these barriers is crucial for elucidating the mechanisms underlying health and disease. The gingiva, a unique mucosal barrier with significant health implications, exhibits intricate tissue architecture and likely contains specialized immunological regions. Through spatial transcriptomic analysis, this study reveals distinct immunological characteristics between the buccal and palate regions of the murine gingiva, impacting natural alveolar bone loss. The microbiota primarily affects gingival immunity in the buccal region. Additionally, a significant influence of the microbiota on the junctional epithelium facing the oral biofilm offers new insights into neutrophil recruitment. The microbiota also regulates the proliferation and barrier-sealing function of the gingival epithelium. This underscores the presence of immunological niches in the gingiva, with the microbiota differentially influencing them, highlighting the high complexity of this oral mucosal barrier.},
}
@article {pmid39626403,
year = {2024},
author = {Zalota, AK and Savchenko, AS and Miroliubov, AA and Waiho, K and Fazhan, H and Chan, BKK and Kolbasov, GA},
title = {Parasitism in coral reefs: Trophic ecology of crustacean ascothoracidan parasites and their coral hosts from Malaysia.},
journal = {Zoology (Jena, Germany)},
volume = {168},
number = {},
pages = {126234},
doi = {10.1016/j.zool.2024.126234},
pmid = {39626403},
issn = {1873-2720},
abstract = {Coral reefs house a great variety of symbiotic associations, including parasitism. One of the crucial issues in the host-symbiont interactions is the parasites' feeding mode. Does the parasite/symbiont use the host's tissues for nutrition, steal food from the host's digestive system, or take food directly from the environment? However, most of the parasitism in corals is endosymbiotic (endoparasitic). Their trophic interactions are difficult to identify since they only occur in intact associations. This work uses stable isotope analysis (SIA) of carbon and nitrogen and morphological analysis to study the trophic relationship between the crustacean endoparasites, the Ascothoracida (genera Baccalaureus, Sessilogoga, and Zibrowia) and their various coral hosts ranging from Zoantharia (Palythoa) to Antipatharia (Antipathes), and Scleractinia (Dendrophyllia). The hosts belong to different coral taxa and obtain food from different sources, reflected in their stable isotope values. The SIA, supported by the morphological analysis, suggests that the Zibrowia parasite feeds directly on its Dendrophyllia host. Sessilogoga retains vagility within and around the black coral colony. It has typical generalized piercing mouth parts with numerous teeth and denticles. Sessilogoga may use antipatharian tissues for food directly as well as sucks food fluids from the host's gastrovascular system. There is no clear trophic shift trend between Palythoa and its parasite Baccalaureus. Such differences exclude the possibility of the parasite feeding predominantly on its host's tissues and suggest a broad spectrum of food sources. Thus, SIA reveals that endosymbiotic ascothoracidans may not always be true parasitic but also opportunistic feeders, which steal food directly from the host gastric cavity.},
}
@article {pmid39625066,
year = {2024},
author = {Pérez-Ferrer, PA and Ashraf, M and Rodrigues, M and Troncoso, J and Nishiguchi, MK},
title = {Genetic Variation in the Atlantic Bobtail Squid-Vibrio Symbiosis From the Galician Rías.},
journal = {Molecular ecology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e17596},
doi = {10.1111/mec.17596},
pmid = {39625066},
issn = {1365-294X},
support = {//New Mexico State University/ ; NASA EXO-80NSSC21K0256//NASA Astrobiology Institute/ ; //University of California Merced/ ; NSF-DBI 2214-38//Division of Biological Infrastructure/ ; },
abstract = {Symbiotic marine bacteria that are transmitted through the environment are susceptible to abiotic factors (salinity, temperature, physical barriers) that can influence their ability to colonize their specific hosts. Given that many symbioses are driven by host specificity, environmentally transmitted symbionts are more susceptible to extrinsic factors depending on conditions over space and time. In order to determine whether the population structure of environmentally transmitted symbionts reflects host specificity or biogeography, we analysed the genetic structure of Sepiola atlantica (Cephalopoda: Sepiolidae) and their Vibrio symbionts (V. fischeri and V. logei) in four Galician Rías (Spain). This geographical location is characterized by a jagged coastline with a deep-sea entrance into the land, ideal for testing whether such population barriers exist due to genetic isolation. We used haplotype estimates combined with nested clade analysis to determine the genetic relatedness for both S. atlantica and Vibrio bacteria. Analyses of molecular variance (AMOVA) were used to estimate variation within and between populations for both host and symbiont genetic data. Our analyses reveal a low percentage of variation among and between host populations, suggesting that these populations are panmictic. In contrast, Vibrio symbiont populations show certain degree of genetic structure, demonstrating that the hydrology of the rías is driving bacterial distribution (and not host specificity). Thus, for environmentally transmitted symbioses such as the sepiolid squid-Vibrio association, abiotic factors can be a major selective force for determining population structure for one of the partners.},
}
@article {pmid39623774,
year = {2024},
author = {Hu, Y and Wang, ML and Yang, RL and Shao, ZK and Du, YH and Kang, Y and Zhu, YX and Xue, XF},
title = {Symbiotic bacteria play crucial roles in a herbivorous mite host suitability.},
journal = {Pest management science},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1002/ps.8571},
pmid = {39623774},
issn = {1526-4998},
support = {//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The tomato russet mite (TRM), Aculops lycopersici, is a strictly herbivorous and economically significant pest that infests Solanaceae plants, but its host suitability varies, showing high performance on tomatoes. Although symbiotic bacteria have been suggested to play crucial roles in the host adaptation of herbivores, their effects on TRM remain unclear.<br><br>RESULTS: In this study, using next generation high-throughput sequencing of the bacterial 16S rRNA data, we identified the bacterial diversity and community composition of TRM feeding on tomato, eggplant, and chili. Our results show no significant difference in the bacterial community composition of TRM across three host plants. However, the relative density of Escherichia coli (TRM_Escherichia) showed 9.36-fold higher on tomato than on eggplant and chili. These results align with the observed TRM performance among three host plants. When TRM_Escherichia was reduced using antibiotics, the treated TRM decreased the population density on tomato. However, when we transferred TRM from eggplant to tomato, the population density of TRM increased, coinciding with an increase of the TRM_Escherichia density. These results indicate that TRM_Escherichia may affect the host suitability of TRM. Our fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) results further showed that TRM_Escherichia is primarily distributed in the salivary glands. Metagenomic data results suggest that TRM_Escherichia functions in food digestion and energy metabolism.<br><br>CONCLUSION: We provided the first comprehensive analysis of TRM bacterial communities. Our findings demonstrate that the symbiotic bacterium TRM_Escherichia may play crucial roles in the suitability of TRM feeding on different Solanaceae hosts. &#xa9; 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.},
}
@article {pmid39623674,
year = {2024},
author = {Jaiswal, S and Singh, SP and Singh, S and Gupta, R and Tripathi, DK and Corpas, FJ and Singh, VP},
title = {Hydrogen Sulphide: A Key Player in Plant Development and Stress Resilience.},
journal = {Plant, cell &amp; environment},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/pce.15309},
pmid = {39623674},
issn = {1365-3040},
support = {//This research is supported by a European Regional Development Fund co-financed grant from the Ministry of Science and Innovation (PID2023-145153NB-C21 and CPP2021-008703)./ ; },
abstract = {Based on the research conducted so far, hydrogen sulphide (H2S) plays a crucial role in the development and stress resilience of plants. H2S, which acts as a signalling molecule, responds to different stresses such as heavy metals, drought, and salinity, and it regulates various aspects of plant growth and development including seed germination, root development, stomatal movement, flowering, and fruit ripening. Additionally, H2S is involved in mediating legume-Rhizobium symbiosis signalling. It modulates plant responses to external environmental stimuli by interacting with other signalling molecules like phytohormones, nitric oxide, and reactive oxygen species. Furthermore, H2S exerts these regulations since it can modify protein functions through a reversible thiol-based oxidative posttranslational modification called persulfidation, particularly in stress response and developmental processes. As a result, H2S is recognised as an important emerging signalling molecule with multiple roles in plants. Research in this field holds promise for engineering stress tolerance in crops and may lead to potential biotechnological applications in agriculture and environmental management.},
}
@article {pmid39620087,
year = {2024},
author = {Zhang, X and Xi, T and Wang, Y and Fan, X and Xu, D and Zhang, P and Sun, K and Zhang, Y and Ma, J and Ye, N},
title = {Chemical interactions between kelp Macrocystis pyrifera and symbiotic bacteria under elevated CO2 condition.},
journal = {Marine life science &amp; technology},
volume = {6},
number = {4},
pages = {700-712},
pmid = {39620087},
issn = {2662-1746},
abstract = {UNLABELLED: Kelps are pivotal to temperate coastal ecosystems, providing essential habitat and nutrients for diverse marine life, and significantly enhancing local biodiversity. The impacts of elevated CO2 levels on kelps may induce far-reaching effects throughout the marine food web, with potential consequences for biodiversity and ecosystem functions. This study considers the kelp Macrocystis pyrifera and its symbiotic microorganisms as a holistic functional unit (holobiont) to examine their collective response to heightened CO2 levels. Over a 4 month cultivation from the fertilization of M. pyrifera gametes to the development of juvenile sporophytes, our findings reveal that elevated CO2 levels influence the structure of the M. pyrifera symbiotic microbiome, alter metabolic profiles, and reshape microbe-metabolite interactions using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing and liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry analysis. Notably, Dinoroseobacter, Sulfitobacter, Methylotenera, Hyphomonas, Milano-WF1B-44 and Methylophaga were selected as microbiome biomarkers, which showed significant increases in comparative abundance with elevated CO2 levels. Stress-response molecules including fatty-acid metabolites, oxylipins, and hormone-like compounds such as methyl jasmonate and prostaglandin F2a emerged as critical metabolomic indicators. We propose that elevated CO2 puts certain stress on the M. pyrifera holobiont, prompting the release of these stress-response molecules. Moreover, these molecules may aid the kelp's adaptation by modulating the microbial community structure, particularly influencing potential pathogenic bacteria, to cope with environmental change. These results will enrich the baseline data related to the chemical interactions between the microbiota and M. pyrifera and provide clues for predicting the resilience of kelps to future climate change.<br><br>SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s42995-024-00259-5.},
}
@article {pmid39620008,
year = {2024},
author = {Banakar, M and Fernandes, GVO and Etemad-Moghadam, S and Frankenberger, R and Pourhajibagher, M and Mehran, M and Yazdi, MH and Haghgoo, R and Alaeddini, M},
title = {The strategic role of biotics in dental caries prevention: A scoping review.},
journal = {Food science &amp; nutrition},
volume = {12},
number = {11},
pages = {8651-8674},
pmid = {39620008},
issn = {2048-7177},
abstract = {Dental caries is a global oral health issue that is prevalent and preventable. Biotics (probiotics, prebiotics, symbiotics, and postbiotics) are recommended as low-cost methods for preventing dental caries. This scoping review aimed to critically review the scientific evidence concerning the role of biotics in caries prevention and maintaining oral health benefits. A systematic search was conducted in several databases from 2012 onward, using specific keywords. The search resulted in 69 articles. While there is limited research on the mechanism of biotics in preventing caries, numerous studies have investigated the impacts of probiotics on decreasing caries risk factors. Probiotics can reduce cariogenic bacteria, reduce acidogenic bacteria, increase pH, and produce antimicrobial compounds. Probiotics can be used as a therapeutic approach to manage caries by restoring eubiosis at the host-microbial interface, which may not be accomplished with traditional therapies. Its positive effect on reducing dental caries is influenced by the choice of potent probiotic strains, appropriate dosage, treatment period, vehicle, and microbial interaction with the host. Specific oral bacteria have also been shown to utilize prebiotics such as urea and arginine, increasing pH levels. This highlights the potential of combining prebiotic and probiotic bacteria for caries prevention. In addition, this review is focused on bacterial-derived compounds, namely postbiotics, due to their valuable effects in preventing caries. Biotics have demonstrated potential in preventing dental caries and maintaining oral health. Further research is needed to optimize their use and explore the potential of postbiotics for caries prevention.},
}
@article {pmid39605481,
year = {2024},
author = {Culotta, J and Lindsey, AR},
title = {A reference genome for Trichogramma kaykai: A tiny desert-dwelling parasitoid wasp with competing sex-ratio distorters.},
journal = {bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {39605481},
issn = {2692-8205},
support = {R35 GM150991/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/United States ; },
abstract = {The tiny parasitoid wasp Trichogramma kaykai inhabits the Mojave Desert of the southwest United States. Populations of this tiny insect variably host up to two different sex-distorting genetic elements: (1) the endosymbiotic bacterium Wolbachia which induces the parthenogenetic reproduction of females, and (2) a B-chromosome, "Paternal Sex Ratio" (PSR), which converts would-be female offspring to PSR-transmitting males. We report here the genome of a Wolbachia-infected Trichogramma kaykai isofemale colony KSX58. Using Oxford Nanopore sequencing we produced a final genome assembly of 203 Mbp with 45x coverage, consisting of 213 contigs with an N50 of 1.9 Mbp. The assembly is quite complete, with 91.41% complete BUSCOs recovered: a very high score for Trichogrammatids that have been previously characterized for having high levels of core gene losses. We also report a complete mitochondrial genome for T. kaykai, and an assembly of the associated Wolbachia, strain wTkk. We identified copies of the parthenogenesis-inducing genes pifA and pifB in a remnant prophage region of the wTkk genome. The Trichogramma kaykai assembly is the highest quality genome assembly for the genus to-date and will serve as a great resource for understanding the evolution of sex and selfish genetic elements.},
}
@article {pmid39618476,
year = {2024},
author = {Gamberi, L and Annibale, A and Vivo, P},
title = {Price of information in games of chance: A statistical physics approach.},
journal = {Physical review research},
volume = {6},
number = {3},
pages = {},
pmid = {39618476},
issn = {2643-1564},
abstract = {Information in the form of data, which can be stored and transferred between users, can be viewed as an intangible commodity, which can be traded in exchange for money. Determining the fair price at which a string of data should be traded is an important and open problem in many settings. In this work we develop a statistical physics framework that allows one to determine analytically the fair price of information exchanged between players in a game of chance. For definiteness, we consider a game where N players bet on the binary outcome of a stochastic process and share the entry fees pot if successful. We assume that one player holds information about past outcomes of the game, which they may either use exclusively to improve their betting strategy or offer to sell to another player. We find a sharp transition as the number of players N is tuned across a critical value, between a phase where the transaction is always profitable for the seller and one where it may not be. In both phases, different regimes are possible, depending on the "quality" of information being put up for sale: we observe symbiotic regimes, where both parties collude effectively to rig the game in their favor, competitive regimes, where the transaction is unappealing to the data holder as it overly favors a competitor for scarce resources, and even prey-predator regimes, where an exploitative data holder could be giving away bad-quality data to undercut a competitor. Our analytical framework can be generalized to more complex settings and constitutes a flexible tool to address the rich and timely problem of pricing information in games of chance.},
}
@article {pmid39618367,
year = {2024},
author = {Vos, MC and Voor In 't Holt, AF and Severin, JA and van der Schoor, AS},
title = {Creating Synergy: The Partnership Between Infection Prevention &amp; Control Architectural Design for a Healthier Hospital.},
journal = {Studies in health technology and informatics},
volume = {319},
number = {},
pages = {280-291},
doi = {10.3233/SHTI240950},
pmid = {39618367},
issn = {1879-8365},
mesh = {*Hospital Design and Construction ; *Cross Infection/prevention &amp; control ; *Infection Control/methods ; Humans ; United States ; },
abstract = {The symbiotic relationship between healthy hospital design and infection prevention and control (IPC) is crucial to developing a safe healthcare environment. Collaborative efforts in mitigating the risk of hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) are needed and will decrease morbidity, mortality rates, and costs. HAIs not only impact patient health but also tarnish the reputation of healthcare institutions. This paper delves into the distinctions between exogenous-derived and endogenous-derived HAIs, elucidating their sources, transmission mechanisms, and preventive strategies. Exogenous-derived HAIs can be prevented by a well-designed hospital layout which minimize contamination. Endogenous-derived HAIs originate from the patient's own microbial flora, necessitating tailored infection prevention strategies such as antimicrobial prophylaxis. Standard precautions and transmission-based precautions, as outlined by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), form the cornerstone of infection control efforts. Hospital design should facilitate compliance with these measures, ensuring a microbial-safe environment conducive to patient recovery. Interdisciplinary collaboration between architects, healthcare professionals, and infection control experts are needed to integrate infection control principles into hospital design processes effectively. Key considerations include optimizing patient flows, separating clean and dirty materials, and implementing robust ventilation systems to mitigate airborne transmission risks. Furthermore, selecting appropriate surface materials resistant to microbial growth and enabling effective cleaning and disinfection protocols are important to maintain a microbial safe hospital environment. Most importantly, the shift towards single-occupancy rooms represents a significant stride in infection prevention, minimizing the risk of cross-contamination compared to multi-occupancy wards. Scientific evidence supports the efficacy of single-occupancy rooms in reducing microbial contamination and preventing HAIs.},
}
@article {pmid39617798,
year = {2024},
author = {Gorish, BMT and Abdelmula, WIY and Sethupathy, S and Dar, MA and Shahnawaz, M and Zhu, D},
title = {Microbial degradation of polyethylene polymer: current paradigms, challenges, and future innovations.},
journal = {World journal of microbiology &amp; biotechnology},
volume = {40},
number = {12},
pages = {399},
pmid = {39617798},
issn = {1573-0972},
support = {2023YFC3403600//National Key Research and Development Program of China/ ; BK20220003//Jiangsu Province Innovation Program for Carbon Neutralization/ ; BE2021691//Jiangsu Province Key R&amp;D Program/ ; },
mesh = {*Biodegradation, Environmental ; *Polyethylene/metabolism/chemistry ; *Bacteria/metabolism ; Microbial Consortia ; },
abstract = {Polyethylene (PE) is the second most commonly used plastic worldwide, mainly used to produce single-use items such as bags and bottles. Its significant resistance to natural biodegradation results in the accumulation of PE in landfills, leading to various ecological and toxicological consequences. Despite extensive research on the microbial degradation of PE, achieving complete biodegradation remains a challenge. Comparing experimental outcomes is complicated by the diverse array of microbes involved in PE biodegradation, variations in culture conditions, and differences in assessment tools. This review discusses the critical hurdles in PE biodegradation experiments, including the chemical complexity of PE substrates and the challenges of isolating effective microbes and forming stable consortia. The review also delves into the difficulties in accurately assessing microbial metabolic activity and understanding the biochemical pathways involved in PE degradation. Furthermore, it addresses the pressing issues of metabolic byproducts, slow degradation rates, scalability concerns, and the challenges in measuring biodegradation levels effectively. In addition to outlining the technical challenges associated with PE experiments, this review offers recommendations for future research directions to enhance PE biodegradation outcomes. Overcoming these challenges and implementing the proposed future strategies will improve the reliability, comparability, and practicality of current PE biodegradation experiments, ultimately contributing to better comprehension and management of PE waste in the environment.},
}
@article {pmid39617215,
year = {2024},
author = {Zuccarotto, A and Sollitto, M and Leclère, L and Panzella, L and Gerdol, M and Leone, S and Castellano, I},
title = {Molecular evolution of ovothiol biosynthesis in animal life reveals diversity of the natural antioxidant ovothiols in Cnidaria.},
journal = {Free radical biology &amp; medicine},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2024.11.037},
pmid = {39617215},
issn = {1873-4596},
abstract = {Sulfoxide synthase OvoA is the key enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of ovothiols (OSHs), secondary metabolites endowed with unique antioxidant properties. Understanding the evolution of such enzymes and the diversity of their metabolites should reveal fundamental mechanisms governing redox signaling and environmental adaptation. "Early-branching" animals such as Cnidaria display unique molecular diversity and symbiotic relationships responsible for the biosynthesis of natural products, however, they have been neglected in previous research on antioxidants and OSHs. In this work, we have integrated genome and transcriptome mining with biochemical analyses to study the evolution and diversification of OSHs biosynthesis in cnidarians. By tracing the history of the ovoA gene, we inferred its loss in the latest common ancestor of Medusozoa, followed by the acquisition of a unique ovoB/ovoA chimeric gene in Hydrozoa, likely through a horizontal gene transfer from dinoflagellate donors. While Anthozoa (corals and anemones), bearing canonical ovoA genes, produced a striking variety of OSHs (A, B, and C), the multifunctional enzyme in Hydrozoa was related to OSH B biosynthesis, as shown in Clytia hemisphaerica. Surprisingly, the ovoA-lacking jellyfish Aurelia aurita and Pelagia noctiluca also displayed OSHs, and we provided evidence of their incorporation from external sources. Finally, transcriptome mining revealed ovoA conserved expression pattern during larval development from Cnidaria to more evolved organisms and its regulation by external stimuli, such as UV exposure. The results of our study shed light on the origin and diversification of OSH biosynthesis in basal animals and highlight the importance of redox-active molecules from ancient metazoans as cnidarians to vertebrates.},
}
@article {pmid39616490,
year = {2024},
author = {Govender, R and Mabaso, N and Abbai, NS},
title = {Investigating links between Trichomonas vaginalis, T. vaginalis virus, Mycoplasma hominis, and metronidazole resistance.},
journal = {Journal of infection in developing countries},
volume = {18},
number = {10},
pages = {1590-1600},
doi = {10.3855/jidc.17592},
pmid = {39616490},
issn = {1972-2680},
mesh = {*Trichomonas vaginalis/drug effects/isolation &amp; purification ; *Mycoplasma hominis/drug effects/isolation &amp; purification/genetics ; *Metronidazole/pharmacology ; Humans ; Female ; *Mycoplasma Infections/microbiology ; Prevalence ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Trichomonas Vaginitis/microbiology/parasitology ; Totiviridae/genetics/drug effects/isolation &amp; purification ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics ; Symbiosis ; Drug Resistance ; Antiprotozoal Agents/pharmacology ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Coinfection/microbiology ; },
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Trichomonas vaginalis (TV) is the etiological agent of the common non-viral sexually transmitted infection (STI), trichomoniasis. TV can inherently harbour Mycoplasma hominis and Trichomonas vaginalis virus (TVV) species. Endosymbiosis of TV with M. hominis and TVV may contribute to metronidazole resistance in this pathogen. This study determined the prevalence of TVVs across clinical isolates of TV, as well as the symbiosis between TV, TVV, and M. hominis in relation to metronidazole resistance.<br><br>METHODOLOGY: Twenty-one clinical isolates of TV were analysed in this study. The isolates were subjected to drug susceptibility assays using varying concentrations of metronidazole. Nucleic acids (RNA and DNA) were extracted from the isolates for molecular assays. The presence of intracellular M. hominis was determined by 16S rRNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with specific primers. The presence of the individual TVVs was determined by PCR using gene specific primers with template cDNA.<br><br>RESULTS: The prevalence of TVV and M. hominis were 76% (16/21) and 86% (18/21), respectively. No significant associations were observed between the presence of TVV and clinical symptoms. A significant association was noted between the coinfection of TVV4 and M. hominis (p = 0.014). The presence of any TVV was significantly associated with metronidazole susceptibility patterns (p = 0.012). No significant associations were noted between the coinfection of endosymbionts and metronidazole resistance.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: The information obtained displays the ability of TV to form an endosymbiotic relationship with several microorganisms, simultaneously. Based on these findings, both endosymbionts pose no significant influence on metronidazole resistance.},
}
@article {pmid39616473,
year = {2024},
author = {Dolo, O and Coulibaly, F and Somboro, AM and Fofana, DB and Togo, J and Balde, A and Diallo, D and Maiga, A and Diarra, B and Murphy, RL and Balam, S and Holl, J and Sylla, M and Maiga, M and Maiga, AI},
title = {The impact of HIV antiretroviral therapy on gut microbiota: the need for well-designed longitudinal studies.},
journal = {Journal of infection in developing countries},
volume = {18},
number = {10},
pages = {1461-1473},
doi = {10.3855/jidc.18878},
pmid = {39616473},
issn = {1972-2680},
mesh = {Humans ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome/drug effects ; *HIV Infections/drug therapy ; Longitudinal Studies ; *Dysbiosis ; Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use ; Anti-Retroviral Agents/therapeutic use ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; },
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection remains a major public health concern despite a significant decline in HIV-related mortality and morbidity. These significant advances are linked mostly to effective antiretroviral therapy (ART). However, these treatments are not without consequences on other microorganisms in our body, especially when they must be used for life. Balanced gut microbiota is essential for maintaining human health through symbiotic relationship with the host cells.<br><br>AIMS AND METHODOLOGY: This review focuses on ART and its potential impact on the intestinal microbial population of HIV-infected individuals. Therefore, we retrieved studies focusing on the impact of HIV ART on the gut microbiota, that were published from 2010 to 2021.<br><br>RESULTS: It was observed that most studies on HIV ART and associated gut microbiota have been cross-sectional, and the findings, in general, showed significant damages caused by the ART to the gut microbial community (dysbiosis), with the impact varying in different studies. These changes also revealed dysfunction in microbial translocation and some immune markers, including T lymphocyte rates and the overall inflammation balance.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: There are significant gaps in our understanding of the impact of HIV ART on gut microbiota. Thus, a longitudinal study is likely needed with a considerable sample size from different settings and classes of ART to better understand the impact of HIV ART on the gut microbiota, and develop remedial (restorative) and adjunctive host-directed strategies during HIV ART.},
}
@article {pmid39615101,
year = {2024},
author = {Huang, W and Huang, Z and Yang, E and Meng, L and Chen, J and Tan, R and Xiao, Z and Zhou, Y and Xu, M and Yu, K},
title = {High- and low-temperature stress responses of Porites lutea from the relatively high-latitude region of the South China Sea.},
journal = {Marine environmental research},
volume = {204},
number = {},
pages = {106858},
doi = {10.1016/j.marenvres.2024.106858},
pmid = {39615101},
issn = {1879-0291},
abstract = {Global climate change has led to more frequent extreme temperature (extreme heat and cold) events, posing a serious threat to coral reef ecosystems. Higher latitudes are considered potential refuges for reef-building corals, but their response to extreme temperature stress in these regions remain unclear. This study, indoor simulated stress experiments ranging on Porites lutea from Weizhou Island in the northern part of the South China Sea, simulating suitable (26 °C) to extreme high (34 °C) and extreme low (12 °C) temperatures. Physiological, biochemical, and transcriptional responses, were analysed. Results showed P. lutea's tentacles contracted, and symbiotic relationships broke down at both high and low temperatures; leading to oxidative stress, and a higher risk of disease. The coral host's response to temperature stress was positively regulated, mainly through apoptosis and metabolic inhibition pathways, whereas Symbiodiniaceae C15 showed no significant response to either high- or low-temperature stress. The coral host played a dominant role in the holobiont's stress response, using similar mechanisms for both high- and low-temperatures with some differences in the details. This study enhances understanding the temperature response mechanisms of the dominant coral species, P. lutea in the relatively high-latitude regions of the South China Sea.},
}
@article {pmid39612478,
year = {2024},
author = {Zhao, Y and Ran, W and Xu, W and Song, Y},
title = {ITS amplicon sequencing revealed that rare taxa of tea rhizosphere fungi are closely related to the environment and provide feedback on tea tree diseases.},
journal = {Microbiology spectrum},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e0188924},
doi = {10.1128/spectrum.01889-24},
pmid = {39612478},
issn = {2165-0497},
abstract = {The rhizospheres of plants and soil microorganisms are intricately interconnected. Tea trees are cultivated extensively on the karst plateau of Guizhou Province, China; however, the understanding of the interactions among fungal communities, community taxa, and diseases impacting tea tree in the soil rhizosphere is limited. Our aim is to offer insights for the advancement of modern agriculture in ecologically fragile karst tea gardens, as well as microbiomics concepts for green and sustainable environmental development. This study utilized the internal transcribed spacer high-throughput sequencing technology to explore the symbiotic relationship between rhizosphere fungi and plant disease feedback in multiple tea estates across the Guizhou Plateau. The ecological preferences and environmental thresholds of fungi were investigated via environmental variables. Furthermore, a correlation was established between different taxa and individual soil functions. Research has indicated that tea leaf blight disrupts symbiotic connections among fungal groups. For various taxa, we found that numerous taxa consistently maintained core positions within the community, whereas rare taxa were able to stabilize due to a high proportion of positive effects. Additionally, abundant taxa presented a wider range of environmental feedback, whereas the rare taxon diversity presented a stronger positive association with the soil Z score. This study contributes to our understanding of the importance of rare taxa in plant rhizosphere soil processes. Emphasis should be placed on the role of rare taxa in pest and disease control within green agriculture while also strengthening systematic development and biogeographical research related to rare taxa in this region.IMPORTANCEIn this study, based on internal transcribed spacer high-throughput sequencing, fungal communities in the rhizosphere soil of tea trees and their interactions with the environment in karst areas were reported, and the symbiotic relationships of different fungal taxa and their feedback to the environment were described in detail by using the knowledge of microbial ecology. On this basis, it was found that tea tree diseases affect the symbiotic relationships of fungal taxa. At the same time, we found that rare taxa have stronger cooperative relationships in response to environmental changes and explored their participation in soil processes based on fungal trait sets. This study will provide basic data for the development of modern agriculture in tea gardens and theoretical basis for the sustainable prevention and control of tea tree diseases.},
}
@article {pmid39611464,
year = {2024},
author = {Dong, Q and Ren, S and Willing, CE and Adams, CA and Li, Y and Ji, B and Gao, C},
title = {Xizang meadow degradation alters resource exchange ratio, network complexity, and biomass allocation tradeoff of arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis.},
journal = {The New phytologist},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/nph.20304},
pmid = {39611464},
issn = {1469-8137},
support = {32170129//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 32322053//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; XDA2005010402//Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences/ ; 2019QZKK0304//Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research (STEP) Program/ ; },
abstract = {The response of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis to environmental fluctuations involves resource exchange between host plants and fungal partners, associations between different AM fungal taxa, and biomass allocation between AM fungal spore and hyphal structures; yet a systematic understanding of these responses to meadow degradation remains relatively unknown, particularly in Xizang alpine meadow. Here, we approached this knowledge gap by labeling dual isotopes of air [13]CO2 and soil [15]NH4Cl, computing ecological networks of AM fungal communities, and quantifying AM fungal biomass allocation among spores, intra- and extraradical hyphae. We found that the exchange ratio of photosynthate and nitrogen between plants and AM fungi increased with the increasing severity of meadow degradation, indicating greater dependence of host plants on this symbiosis for resource acquisition. Additionally, using 18S rRNA gene metabarcoding, we found that AM fungal co-occurrence networks were more complex in more degraded meadows, supporting the stress gradient hypothesis. Meadow degradation also increased AM fungal biomass allocation toward traits associated with intra- and extraradical hyphae at the expense of spores. Our findings suggest that an integrated consideration of resource exchange, ecological networks, and biomass allocation may be important for the restoration of degraded ecosystems.},
}
@article {pmid39611431,
year = {2024},
author = {Wang, J and Zhu, Y and Leng, J and Yuan, Y and Cao, Y and Cheng, G and Xia, X},
title = {A symbiotic mosquito-gut bacterium for flavivirus control.},
journal = {Clinical and translational medicine},
volume = {14},
number = {12},
pages = {e70087},
pmid = {39611431},
issn = {2001-1326},
support = {202302AO370010//Yunnan Provincial Science and Technology Project of Southwest United Graduate School of Yunnan/ ; 2021YFC2300200//National Key Research and Development Plan of China/ ; 32260896//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 32188101//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 82422049//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 82102389//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 202201AS070062//Basic Research Projects of Yunnan Province/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Aedes/microbiology/virology ; Symbiosis ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome/physiology ; Flavivirus/physiology/pathogenicity ; Mosquito Vectors/microbiology/virology ; Humans ; Dengue Virus/physiology/pathogenicity ; China ; },
abstract = {Dengue virus (DENV) and Zika virus (ZIKV) have emerged as major global public health challenges, causing numerous infections and fatalities each year. However, current measures, including vaccines and treatments, are often limited or ineffective. This highlights the urgent need for novel preventive strategies to control the spread of key mosquito-borne viruses like DENV and ZIKV. In a recent study published in Science, Zhang et al. isolated a bacterium named Rosenbergiella_YN46 from the gut of field-caught Aedes albopictus mosquitoes in Yunnan Province, China. This commentary reviews their findings, published on April 19, 2024, which describe the symbiotic bacterium Rosenbergiella_YN46 and its ability to block flavivirus transmission, including both DENV and ZIKV. The bacterium shows promising potential for future dengue fever prevention and provides valuable insights into a novel biological approach for controlling mosquito-borne viral diseases.},
}
@article {pmid39611088,
year = {2024},
author = {Hou, J and Tan, Y and Huang, Y and Li, H and Li, D and Liu, X and Li, J and Hu, Y and Xiang, J},
title = {Skin microbiota during metamorphosis of Quasipaa spinosa: guidance for maintaining mucosal symbiotic microbial flora homeostasis in early life of frogs.},
journal = {Frontiers in microbiology},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1453617},
pmid = {39611088},
issn = {1664-302X},
abstract = {The skin microbiota plays an essential role in helping the host adapt to different environments and maintain health. By examining the characteristics of amphibian skin flora alongside ontogenetic traits, we can gain insights into the adaptation mechanisms of amphibian skin flora to environmental changes during development. In this study, we analyzed the skin microbiota of Quasipaa spinosa during metamorphosis using Illumina sequencing. Venn diagrams and UpSet analysis revealed that the LTS (hindlimb tadpoles' skin, aquatic habitat) and FTS (forelimb tadpoles' skin, shift from aquatic to amphibious habitats) groups exhibited a higher number of unique amplicon sequence variants (ASVs), while the TS (tadpoles' skin, aquatic habitat) and LFS (land frogs' skin, amphibious habitats) groups displayed a lower abundance of ASVs. Diversity analysis indicated similarities in the microorganisms between the LTS and the FTS groups, with higher microbial diversity compared to the TS and the LFS groups. Additionally, microbial co-occurrence network analysis indicated a more stable microecology in the LTS group and FTS group. Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Bacteroidota were identified as the dominant phyla, although their relative abundances varied widely among groups. LEfSe (Linear discriminant analysis effect size) showed significant enrichment of beneficial bacteria at various developmental stages, including Bacteroides, Bacillus, and Lactobacillus. Functional prediction analysis shows significant differences in skin microorganism functions across various developmental stages, with a primary focus on metabolic functions. This study provides valuable insights into the compositional dynamics of skin microbiota in Q. spinosa at various developmental stages.},
}
@article {pmid39611011,
year = {2024},
author = {Liu, Q and Tao, J and Kan, L and Zhang, Y and Zhang, S},
title = {Diversity, antibacterial and phytotoxic activities of actinomycetes associated with Periplaneta fuliginosa.},
journal = {PeerJ},
volume = {12},
number = {},
pages = {e18575},
pmid = {39611011},
issn = {2167-8359},
mesh = {*Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology/isolation &amp; purification/chemistry ; *Actinobacteria/metabolism ; Animals ; *Periplaneta/microbiology/drug effects ; Echinochloa/drug effects ; Symbiosis ; Nymph/microbiology/drug effects ; Herbicides/pharmacology/isolation &amp; purification/chemistry ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Insect-associated actinomycetes represent a potentially rich source for discovering bioactive metabolites. However, the diversity, antibacterial and phytotoxic activities of symbiotic actinomycetes associated with Periplaneta fuliginosa have not yet been conducted.<br><br>RESULTS: A total of 86 strains of actinomycetes were isolated from the cornicles and intestines of both nymphs and adults of P. fuliginosa. Diversity analysis revealed that the isolated strains were preliminarily identified as 17 species from two genera, and the dominant genus was Streptomyces. A total of 36 crude extracts (60%) obtained from the supernatant of the 60 fermented strains exhibited a potent antibacterial activity against at least one tested pathogenic bacterium. Among these active strains, 27 crude extracts (75%) exhibited phytotoxic activity against the radicle of Echinochloa crusgalli. Furthermore, seven known compounds, including methoxynicotine (1), (3Z,6Z)-3-(4-methoxybenzylidene)-6-(2-methylpropyl) piperazine-2,5-dione (2), XR334 (3), 1-hydroxy-4-methoxy-2-naphthoic acid (4), nocapyrone A (5), &#x3b2;-daucosterol (6), and &#x3b2;-sitosterol (7) were isolated from an active rare actinomycete Nocardiopsis sp. ZLC-87 which was isolated from the gut of adult P. fuliginosa. Among them, compound 4 exhibited moderate antibacterial activity against Micrococcus tetragenus, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae with the zone of inhibition (ZOI) of 14.5, 12.0, 12.5, and 13.0 mm at a concentration of 30 &#x3bc;g/disc, respectively, which was weaker than those of gentamicin sulfate (ZOI of 29.5, 19.0, 18.5, and 24.5 mm). In addition, the compound 4 had potent phytotoxic activity against the radicle of E. crusgalli and Abutilon theophrasti with the inhibition rate of 65.25% and 92.68% at the concentration of 100 &#x3bc;g/mL.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Based on these findings, this study showed that P. fuliginosa-associated actinomycetes held promise for the development of new antibiotic and herbicide resources.},
}
@article {pmid39608416,
year = {2024},
author = {Wan, R and Mo, F and Chen, L and He, J and Shao, S and Hu, H},
title = {Two-way role of boron in microalgal-bacterial granular sludge: Enhanced signal communication for efficient metabolism.},
journal = {Bioresource technology},
volume = {418},
number = {},
pages = {131891},
doi = {10.1016/j.biortech.2024.131891},
pmid = {39608416},
issn = {1873-2976},
abstract = {Based on the crucial role of boron in the metabolism of algae and bacteria, this study aimed to investigate the effects of boron on microalgae-bacterial granular sludge (MBGS) system. The addition of boron stimulated the secretion of autoinducer-2 to promote bacterial quorum sensing, which increased the extracellular polymeric substances production by more than 12.5 %. Meanwhile, boron significantly impacted the indole-3-acetic acid levels in microalgae to improve photosynthetic efficiency and increased the abundance of target algae (Chlorophyta and Cyanobacteria) by more than 0.23 times and 0.88 times, respectively. However, the influence of boron was not concentration-dependent, with the optimal concentration as 80 µM. Both boron deficiency and excess can heighten oxidative stress and affect the stability of the MBGS system. This study highlights the essentiality of boron in simultaneously influencing signal communication of algae and bacteria to strengthen synergy, and provides a theoretical basis for strengthening the symbiotic relationship within MBGS.},
}
@article {pmid39608239,
year = {2024},
author = {Tao, Y and Wang, Y and Cui, Y and Sun, R and Zhang, B and Qu, J and Cai, H and Zhang, Y},
title = {Bioenhanced remediation of dibutyl phthalate contaminated black soil by immobilized biochar microbiota.},
journal = {Journal of environmental management},
volume = {373},
number = {},
pages = {123317},
doi = {10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.123317},
pmid = {39608239},
issn = {1095-8630},
abstract = {To address the contamination caused by DBP residues prevalent in black soils, this study developed a multifunctional bioremediation material (BHF@DK-P3) using humic acid and iron-modified corn stover biochar in combination with microbiota. The microbiota contained DBP-degrading bacteria (Enterobacterium sp. DNB-S2), phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria (Enterobacter sp. P1) and potassium-solubilizing bacteria (Paenibacillus sp. KT), and formed a good mutualistic symbiosis. In the biochar microenvironment, the microflora had lower DBP biotoxicity responses and more cell membrane formation. The addition of BHF@DK-P3 brought the structure of the DBP-contaminated black soil closer to the optimal three-phase ratio. The microbiota was able to perform their biological functions stably under both DBP stress and acid-base stress conditions. The stability of soil aggregates and the efficiency of N, P, K nutrients were improved, with available phosphorus increasing by 21.45%, available potassium by 12.54% and alkali-hydrolysable nitrogen by 14.74%. The relative abundance of copiotrophic bacterial taxa in the soil increased and the relative abundance of oligotrophic bacterial taxa decreased, providing a good mechanism for the conversion and utilization of soil nutrients. Biochar and microbiota jointly influenced soil carbon and nitrogen metabolism in response to DBP.},
}
@article {pmid39608222,
year = {2024},
author = {Padilha, MDM and Melo, FTV and Laurentino, RV and da Silva, ANMR and Feitosa, RNM},
title = {Dysregulation in the microbiota by HBV and HCV infection induces an altered cytokine profile in the pathobiome of infection.},
journal = {The Brazilian journal of infectious diseases : an official publication of the Brazilian Society of Infectious Diseases},
volume = {29},
number = {1},
pages = {104468},
doi = {10.1016/j.bjid.2024.104468},
pmid = {39608222},
issn = {1678-4391},
abstract = {Viral hepatitis is a public health problem, about 1 million people die due to complications of this viral disease, the etiological agents responsible for inducing cirrhosis and cellular hepatocarcinoma are HBV and HCV, both hepatotropic viruses that cause asymptomatic infection in most cases. The regulation of the microbiota performs many physiological functions, which can induce normal intestinal function and produce essential nutrients for the human body. Metabolites derived from gut microbiota or direct regulation of host immunity and metabolism have been reported to profoundly affect tumorigenesis in liver disease. If the microbiota is unbalanced, both exogenous and symbiotic microorganisms can affect a pathological process. It is well understood that the microbiota plays a role in viral diseases and infections, specifically the hepatic portal pathway has been linked to the gut-liver axis. In HBV and HCV infections, the altered bacterial representatives undergo a state of dysbiosis, with subsequent establishment of the pathobiome with overexpression of taxons such as Bacteroides, Clostridium, Lactobacillus, Enterobacter, and Enterococcus. This dysregulated microbiome induces a microenvironment conducive to the development of hepatic complications in patients with acute and chronic HBV and HCV infection, with subsequent dysregulation of cytokines IFN-α/β, TNF-α, IL-1β, TGF-β, IL-6 and IL-10, which alter the dysfunction and damage of the hepatic portal system. In view of the above, this review aimed to correlate the pathophysiological mechanisms in HBV and HCV infection, the dysregulation of the microbiome in patients infected with HBV and HCV, the most altered cytokines in the microbiome, and the most altered bacterial representatives in the pathobiome of infection.},
}
@article {pmid39607727,
year = {2024},
author = {Khan, K and Li, ZW and Khan, R and Ali, S and Ahmad, H and Shah, MA and Zhou, XB},
title = {Co-exposure Impact of Nickel Oxide Nanomaterials and Bacillus subtilis on Soybean Growth and Nitrogen Assimilation Dynamics.},
journal = {Plant physiology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/plphys/kiae638},
pmid = {39607727},
issn = {1532-2548},
abstract = {Nickel oxide nanoparticles (NiO-NPs) pose potential threats to agricultural production. Bacillus subtilis has emerged as a stress-mitigating microbe that alleviates the phytotoxicity caused by NiO-NPs. However, the mechanisms underlying its effectiveness, particularly in root-nodule symbiosis and biological N2-fixation (BNF), remain unclear. Here, we tested the combined exposure of NiO-NPs (50 mg kg-1) and B. subtilis on soybean (Glycine max L.) growth and BNF. Combined exposure increased root length, shoot length, root biomass, and shoot biomass by 19-26%, while Ni (200 mg kg-1) reduced them by 38--53% compared to the control. NiO-NPs at 100 and 200 mg kg-1 significantly (P < 0.05) reduced nodule formation by 16% and 58% and Nitrogen assimilation enzyme activities levels (UE, NR, HS, and GOGAT) by 13-57%. However, co-exposure with B. subtilis improved nodule formation by 22-44%. Co-exposure of NiO-NPs (200 mg kg-1) with B. subtilis increased POD, CAT, and GSH-Px activity levels by 20%, 16%, and 14% while reducing MDA (14%) and H2O2 (12%) levels compared to NiO-NPs alone. Additionally, co-exposure of NiO-NPs (100 and 200 mg kg-1) with B. subtilis enhanced the relative abundance of Stenotrophomonas, Gemmatimonas, and B. subtilis, is associated with N2-cycling and N2-fixation potential. This study confirms that B. subtilis effectively mitigates NiO-NP toxicity in soybean, offering a sustainable method to enhance BNF and crop growth and contribute to addressing global food insecurity.},
}
@article {pmid39607363,
year = {2024},
author = {Schindler, M and Alon, S},
title = {"We Do Not Have a Written Protocol or Flowchart for Intervention": Social Workers' Perceptions and Experiences of Interventions with Older Parents Subjected to Abuse by Adult Offspring with Psychiatric Disorders.},
journal = {Journal of gerontological social work},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-24},
doi = {10.1080/01634372.2024.2432571},
pmid = {39607363},
issn = {1540-4048},
abstract = {One in six older adults worldwide is subjected to abuse (WHO, 2022), with heightened risk among parents of offspring with mental disorders. This qualitative study explores social workers' experiences in addressing elder abuse by these offspring. Two themes emerged: (1) "The snowball rolls: Unfolding mutual dependency and symbiosis," describing abusive offspring's characteristics and dynamics with aging parents, (2) "For every case, you need to match a tailor-made suit," detailing psychosocial and legal interventions. Findings highlight the need for family-focused interventions and providing treatment to the abuser. It is recommended to develop formal guiding principles to address these complex cases effectively.},
}
@article {pmid39605284,
year = {2024},
author = {Harrison, TL and Stinchcombe, JR and Frederickson, ME},
title = {Elevated rates of molecular evolution genome-wide in mutualist legumes and rhizobia.},
journal = {Molecular biology and evolution},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/molbev/msae245},
pmid = {39605284},
issn = {1537-1719},
abstract = {Rates of molecular evolution vary greatly among even closely related species. Although theory predicts that antagonistic interactions between species increase rates of molecular evolution, predictions for how mutualism affects evolutionary rates are mixed. We compared rates of molecular evolution between 1) mutualistic and non-mutualistic legumes, 2) an independent set of symbiotic rhizobia and their non-symbiotic close relatives, and 3) symbiotic and non-symbiotic clades within Ensifer, a diverse genus of bacteria with various lifestyles. We assembled transcriptomes de novo for 12 legume species and calculated dN/dS ratios at orthologous genes in all species to determine if genes in mutualistic plants evolve faster or slower than in their non-mutualistic relatives. We also calculated dN/dS ratios in genes known to be important for symbiosis. We found that mutualists have higher rates of molecular evolution genome-wide compared to non-mutualist legumes, but this pattern did not hold in symbiosis genes. We next calculated dN/dS ratios in 14 bacteria species across the proteobacteria phylogeny that differ in whether they associate mutualistically with plants, using published data. In most pairs, symbiotic rhizobia show higher dN/dS values compared to their non-symbiotic relatives. Within a bacterial genus with many well-characterized mutualist species (Ensifer), we calculated dN/dS ratios in symbiotic and non-symbiotic clades and found that symbiotic lineages have higher rates of molecular evolution genome-wide, but not at genes on the symbiotic plasmid pSymB. Our results suggest that although mutualism between legumes and rhizobia is associated with elevated rates of molecular evolution genome-wide, symbiosis genes may be evolutionarily stagnant.},
}
@article {pmid39603566,
year = {2024},
author = {Mojgani, N and Bagheri, M and Ashique, S and Islam, A and Moharrami, M and Modirrousta, H and Hussain, A},
title = {Honeybee defense mechanisms: Role of honeybee gut microbiota and antimicrobial peptides in maintaining colony health and preventing diseases.},
journal = {Microbial pathogenesis},
volume = {198},
number = {},
pages = {107161},
doi = {10.1016/j.micpath.2024.107161},
pmid = {39603566},
issn = {1096-1208},
abstract = {Honeybees play a vital role in pollination and the maintenance of ecosystem biodiversity, making their health and well-being crucial for agriculture and environmental sustainability. Bee health is modulated by symbiotic microorganisms colonizing the gut in balanced proportions. Studies have demonstrated that these beneficial bacteria have the capacity to enhance the immune system of honey bees, having substantial impact on regulating their immunological responses and hence aiding in defending against pathogenic illnesses. Another important aspect of honeybee health is their innate immune system that is related to their ability to synthesize antimicrobial peptides (AMP). AMPs, the small, cationic peptides are the humoral effector molecules that are synthesized in the hemolymph of the insects after being exposed to microbial infectious agents. A number of honeybee's gut microbiota especially Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB), are known to regulate the production of several AMPs and hence are able to provide protection to these insects against a number of disease agents by modulating their innate immune response via induction of the AMPs genes. These AMPs mainly produced by adult workers are an important and integral part of an insect's immune response. Several AMPs namely apidaecins, abaecins, hymenoptaecins and defensins produced in the adult honeybee, hold the ability to control or prevent a number of diseases in these pollinator insects.},
}
@article {pmid39603244,
year = {2024},
author = {Dunken, N and Widmer, H and Balcke, GU and Straube, H and Langen, G and Charura, NM and Saake, P and De Quattro, C and Schön, J and Rövenich, H and Wawra, S and Khan, M and Djamei, A and Zurbriggen, MD and Tissier, A and Witte, CP and Zuccaro, A},
title = {A nucleoside signal generated by a fungal endophyte regulates host cell death and promotes root colonization.},
journal = {Cell host &amp; microbe},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.chom.2024.10.020},
pmid = {39603244},
issn = {1934-6069},
abstract = {The intracellular colonization of plant roots by the beneficial fungal endophyte Serendipita indica follows a biphasic strategy, including a host cell death phase that enables successful colonization of Arabidopsis thaliana roots. How host cell death is initiated and controlled is largely unknown. Here, we show that two fungal enzymes, the ecto-5'-nucleotidase SiE5NT and the nuclease SiNucA, act synergistically in the apoplast at the onset of cell death to produce deoxyadenosine (dAdo). The uptake of extracellular dAdo but not the structurally related adenosine activates cell death via the equilibrative nucleoside transporter ENT3. We identified a previously uncharacterized Toll-like interleukin 1 receptor (TIR)-nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat receptor (NLR) protein, ISI (induced by S. indica), as an intracellular factor that affects host cell death, fungal colonization, and growth promotion. Our data show that the combined activity of two fungal apoplastic enzymes promotes the production of a metabolite that engages TIR-NLR-modulated pathways to induce plant cell death, providing a link to immunometabolism in plants.},
}
@article {pmid39603112,
year = {2024},
author = {Haro, R and Walunjkar, N and Jorapur, S and Slamovits, CH},
title = {Long-read DNA sequencing reveals the organization of the mitochondrial genome in the early-branching dinoflagellate Oxyrrhis marina.},
journal = {Protist},
volume = {175},
number = {6},
pages = {126071},
doi = {10.1016/j.protis.2024.126071},
pmid = {39603112},
issn = {1618-0941},
abstract = {The mitochondrial genomes of dinoflagellate protists are remarkable for their highly fragmented and heterogeneous organization. Early attempts to determine their structure without 'next-generation' DNA sequencing failed to recover a defined genome. Still, it coincided in showing that the proteins coding genes, three in total, and parts of the ribosomal RNA genes were spread across a diffuse assortment of small linear fragments. In contrast, a recent study employed Illumina sequencing to assemble a 326 kbp long single-molecule, circular mitochondrial genome in the symbiotic dinoflagellate Breviolum minutum. Here, we used a combination of short- and long-read massively-parallel DNA sequencing to analyze further the mitochondrial DNA of the early-branching dinoflagellate Oxyrrhis marina. We found that the mitochondrial genome of O. marina consists of 3 linear chromosomes sized 15.9, 33.8 and 40.6 kbp for a total of 90.3 kbp. It contains the cox1, cox3 and cob genes, the same three proteins encoded in the mitochondrion of all myzozoans (Apicomplexa and Dinophyceae), some fragments of ribosomal RNA genes as well as many non-functional gene fragments and extensive noncoding DNA. Our analysis unveiled segments syntenic patterns and rearrangements encompassing coding and non-coding regions, suggesting that recombination is a pervasive process driving the evolution of these genomes.},
}
@article {pmid39603001,
year = {2024},
author = {Gao, X and Chen, J and Ma, Y and Zheng, Y and Bu, Y and Yu, X and Yu, K},
title = {Differential physiological and microbial responses of the octocoral Junceella squamata to high-temperature and cadmium stress.},
journal = {Marine environmental research},
volume = {204},
number = {},
pages = {106865},
doi = {10.1016/j.marenvres.2024.106865},
pmid = {39603001},
issn = {1879-0291},
abstract = {Global warming and heavy metals have become the major threat to the growth and reproduction of corals. However, unlike scleractinian corals, in the context of widespread coral degradation worldwide, there are few reports on the response of octocorallia corals to high-temperature stress and heavy metals. In the present study, we conducted indoor simulation experiments using Junceella squamata. We evaluated the physiological response of these corals under high-temperature stress at 33 °C and cadmium (Cd) stress by comparing the composition and diversity of their symbiotic bacteria and analyzing differences in their transcriptome. The results show that high-temperature stress has more severe adverse effects than cadmium stress. High-temperature stress disrupts coral symbiotic relationships, leading to an increase in alpha diversity associated with disease-causing bacteria, which may increase the risk of infection and potentially contribute to coral mortality. Meanwhile, cadmium stress increases the instability of the coral holobiont, potentially disrupting DNA stability and RNA transcriptional regulation. However, an increase in Cd-tolerant bacteria may help corals respond to cadmium stress. This study reveals the effects of harmful substances on coral and highlights the urgent need for action to protect octocorals in the face of environmental stress.},
}
@article {pmid39602985,
year = {2024},
author = {Gao, X and Chen, J and Yu, K and Bu, Y and Wang, L and Yu, X},
title = {Exposure to polypropylene microplastics induces the upregulation of protein digestion-associated genes and microbiome reorganization in the octocoral Junceella squamata.},
journal = {Marine pollution bulletin},
volume = {210},
number = {},
pages = {117331},
doi = {10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.117331},
pmid = {39602985},
issn = {1879-3363},
abstract = {Microplastics, a new type of pollutants found in coral reefs, have attracted increasing attention. However, most of the current research focuses on the scleractinian corals and few reports on Octocorallia. To reveal the impact of microplastic exposure on Octocorallia, we analyzed the transcriptional response of the coral hosts Junceella squamata along with changes to the diversity and community structure of its symbiotic bacteria following exposure to polystyrene microplastics. These results suggest that the microplastics have adverse impacts on nutrient metabolism and absorption in J. squamata. The symbiotic bacteria of J. squamata exhibited a clear response after exposure to microplastics, which may also reflect an adaptation mechanism of corals, and help to maintain the physiological function of coral symbiotic function under the exposure of microplastics. This study has revealed the impact of microplastic exposure on J. squamata, providing new insights for coral protection against the background of increased microplastics pollution.},
}
@article {pmid39601429,
year = {2024},
author = {Wang, Y and Wang, Y and Zhou, Y and Feng, Y and Sun, T and Xu, J},
title = {Tumor-related fungi and crosstalk with gut fungi in the tumor microenvironment.},
journal = {Cancer biology &amp; medicine},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2024.0240},
pmid = {39601429},
issn = {2095-3941},
support = {82373113 to XJ//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 22-321-31-04 to ST//Shenyang Public Health R&amp;D Special Project/ ; XLYC1907160 to XJ//Liaoning Revitalization Talents Program/ ; YXJL-2020-0941-0752 to ST//Beijing Medical Award Foundation/ ; CORP-239-N27 to CH//Beijing Medical Award Foundation/ ; 320.6750.2020-12-21//Wu Jieping Medical Foundation/ ; 320.6750.2020-6-30 to ST//Wu Jieping Medical Foundation/ ; 202229 to ST//Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities/ ; 202230 to XJ//Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities/ ; },
abstract = {Most studies on the human gut microbiome have focused on the bacterial fraction rather than fungal biomics, which as resulted in an incomplete understanding of the fungal microbiome. Recent advances in microbiota detection and next-generation sequencing technology have boosted an increase in research on fungi. Symbiotic fungi have become increasingly influential in health and disease and modulate various physiologic functions within the host. Fungal infections can result in high morbidity and mortality rates and are life-threatening in some immunocompromised patients. In addition to bacterial dysbiosis, alterations in fungal communities are important and have been linked to many diseases, including asthma, mental illness, and various cancers. When investigating cancer it is imperative to consider the role of fungi alongside viruses and bacteria. This review examined the impact of intestinal fungi and peri-tumor fungi on tumorigenesis, cancer progression, and response to anticancer therapies. The review highlights the specific involvement of some fungal species in cancers include digestive tract tumors such as colorectal, pancreatic, liver, and gastric cancers, as well as non-digestive tract tumors such as lung, melanoma, breast, and ovarian cancers. Furthermore, fungal mechanisms of action, including fungus-host recognition and immune regulation, biofilm formation, toxin and metabolite production in the tumor microenvironment, and the complex effects of fungus-bacteria interactions on tumorigenesis and development, highlight the significance of potential biomarkers in cancer diagnosis and treatment.},
}
@article {pmid39600252,
year = {2024},
author = {Grupstra, CGB and Meyer-Kaiser, KS and Bennett, MJ and Andres, MO and Juszkiewicz, DJ and Fifer, JE and Da-Anoy, JP and Gomez-Campo, K and Martinez-Rugerio, I and Aichelman, HE and Huzar, AK and Hughes, AM and Rivera, HE and Davies, SW},
title = {Holobiont Traits Shape Climate Change Responses in Cryptic Coral Lineages.},
journal = {Global change biology},
volume = {30},
number = {11},
pages = {e17578},
doi = {10.1111/gcb.17578},
pmid = {39600252},
issn = {1365-2486},
support = {2048589//The National Science Foundation's Division of Ocean Sciences/ ; 2048678//The National Science Foundation's Division of Ocean Sciences/ ; },
mesh = {*Anthozoa/microbiology/physiology ; Animals ; *Climate Change ; *Coral Reefs ; *Symbiosis ; Microbiota ; Dinoflagellida/physiology ; },
abstract = {As ocean warming threatens reefs worldwide, identifying corals with adaptations to higher temperatures is critical for conservation. Genetically distinct but morphologically similar (i.e. cryptic) coral populations can be specialized to extreme habitats and thrive under stressful conditions. These corals often associate with locally beneficial microbiota (Symbiodiniaceae photobionts and bacteria), obscuring the main drivers of thermal tolerance. Here, we leverage a holobiont (massive Porites) with high fidelity for C15 photobionts to investigate adaptive variation across classic ("typical" conditions) and extreme reefs characterized by higher temperatures and light attenuation. We uncovered three cryptic lineages that exhibit limited micro-morphological variation; one lineage dominated classic reefs (L1), one had more even distributions (L2), and a third was restricted to extreme reefs (L3). L1 and L2 were more closely related to populations ~4300 km away, suggesting that some lineages are widespread. All corals harbored Cladocopium C15 photobionts; L1 and L2 shared a photobiont pool that differed in composition between reef types, yet L3 mostly harbored unique photobiont strains not found in the other lineages. Assemblages of bacterial partners differed among reef types in lineage-specific ways, suggesting that lineages employ distinct microbiome regulation strategies. Analysis of light-harvesting capacity and thermal tolerance revealed adaptive variation underpinning survival in distinct habitats: L1 had the highest light absorption efficiency and lowest thermal tolerance, suggesting that it is a classic reef specialist. L3 had the lowest light absorption efficiency and the highest thermal tolerance, showing that it is an extreme reef specialist. L2 had intermediate light absorption efficiency and thermal tolerance, suggesting that is a generalist lineage. These findings reveal diverging holobiont strategies to cope with extreme conditions. Resolving coral lineages is key to understanding variation in thermal tolerance among coral populations, can strengthen our understanding of coral evolution and symbiosis, and support global conservation and restoration efforts.},
}
@article {pmid39599864,
year = {2024},
author = {Richards, VA and Ferrell, BD and Polson, SW and Wommack, KE and Fuhrmann, JJ},
title = {Soybean Bradyrhizobium spp. Spontaneously Produce Abundant and Diverse Temperate Phages in Culture.},
journal = {Viruses},
volume = {16},
number = {11},
pages = {},
pmid = {39599864},
issn = {1999-4915},
support = {1736030//National Science Foundation/ ; },
mesh = {*Bradyrhizobium/virology ; *Glycine max/virology/microbiology ; *Bacteriophages/isolation &amp; purification/genetics/classification/physiology/ultrastructure ; Lysogeny ; Genome, Viral ; Symbiosis ; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission ; },
abstract = {Soybean bradyrhizobia (Bradyrhizobium spp.) are symbiotic root-nodulating bacteria that fix atmospheric nitrogen for the host plant. The University of Delaware Bradyrhizobium Culture Collection (UDBCC; 353 accessions) was created to study the diversity and ecology of soybean bradyrhizobia. Some UDBCC accessions produce temperate (lysogenic) bacteriophages spontaneously under routine culture conditions without chemical or other apparent inducing agents. Spontaneous phage production may promote horizontal gene transfer and shape bacterial genomes and associated phenotypes. A diverse subset (n = 98) of the UDBCC was examined for spontaneously produced virus-like particles (VLPs) using epifluorescent microscopy, with a majority (69%) producing detectable VLPs (>1 × 10[7] mL[-1]) in laboratory culture. Phages from the higher-producing accessions (>2.0 × 10[8] VLP mL[-1]; n = 44) were examined using transmission electron microscopy. Diverse morphologies were observed, including various tail types and lengths, capsid sizes and shapes, and the presence of collars or baseplates. In many instances, putative extracellular vesicles of a size similar to virions were also observed. Three of the four species examined (B. japonicum, B. elkanii, and B. diazoefficiens) produced apparently tailless phages. All species except B. ottawaense also produced siphovirus-like phages, while all but B. diazoefficiens additionally produced podovirus-like phages. Myovirus-like phages were restricted to B. japonicum and B. elkanii. At least three strains were polylysogens, producing up to three distinct morphotypes. These observations suggest spontaneously produced phages may play a significant role in the ecology and evolution of soybean bradyrhizobia.},
}
@article {pmid39599697,
year = {2024},
author = {Sommermeyer, H and Chmielowiec, K and Bernatek, M and Olszewski, P and Kopczynski, J and Piątek, J},
title = {Results from a Cross-Sectional Observational Study Examining Irritable Bowel Syndrome Patients Six Months After Finishing Their Participation in the ViIBS Trial.},
journal = {Nutrients},
volume = {16},
number = {22},
pages = {},
pmid = {39599697},
issn = {2072-6643},
mesh = {Humans ; *Irritable Bowel Syndrome/therapy ; Female ; Male ; *Probiotics/administration &amp; dosage/therapeutic use ; Adult ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Middle Aged ; *Synbiotics/administration &amp; dosage ; Severity of Illness Index ; Treatment Outcome ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: A recent clinical (ViIBS) trial investigating the effects of a balanced multi-strain synbiotic in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) patients showed that twelve weeks of treatment resulted in significant improvements across all major IBS symptoms. The current observational study pursued three aims: investigate patients' attitude towards the intake of pro- or synbiotics during the six months after finishing their trial participation, determine the severity of IBS symptoms, and assess IBS diagnosis scores.<br><br>METHODS: During a single six-month follow-up examination, patients were asked about the intake of probiotics or synbiotics. For the study, former placebo-group patients who abstained from taking probiotics were compared with synbiotic-group patients who continued taking the tested synbiotic. IBS symptom severity was assessed with the IBS-Severity of Symptoms Scale and the IBS diagnosis score with the IBS questionnaire of the World Gastroenterology Organisation.<br><br>RESULTS: The control group comprised 17 patients (out of 70 from the placebo group participating in the follow-up) and the treatment group 75 (out of 91 examined). IBS symptom severity was significantly lower in the treatment group (23.5 &#xb1; 33.1) than in the placebo group (232.6 &#xb1; 35.1). IBS diagnosis scores were 5.9 &#xb1; 2.5 and 21.2 &#xb1; 2.0 in the treatment and control group, respectively.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Measurement values for the treatment group indicate the absence of IBS. The results indicate that the prolonged administration of the balanced multi-strain synbiotic can potentially reduce IBS symptom severity and IBS diagnosis scores to levels indicating the absence of IBS, an observation to be followed up in a controlled clinical trial.},
}
@article {pmid39599453,
year = {2024},
author = {Tang, J and Li, W and Wei, T and Huang, R and Zeng, Z},
title = {Patterns and Mechanisms of Legume Responses to Nitrogen Enrichment: A Global Meta-Analysis.},
journal = {Plants (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {13},
number = {22},
pages = {},
pmid = {39599453},
issn = {2223-7747},
support = {31460158, 31760175//the First-Class Discipline Program of Soil and Water Conservation and Desertification Prevention, Yunnan Province and National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; },
abstract = {Nitrogen (N), while the most abundant element in the atmosphere, is an essential soil nutrient that limits plant growth. Leguminous plants naturally possess the ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen through symbiotic relationships with rhizobia in their root nodules. However, the widespread use of synthetic N fertilizers in modern agriculture has led to N enrichment in soils, causing complex and profound effects on legumes. Amid ongoing debates about how leguminous plants respond to N enrichment, the present study compiles 2174 data points from 162 peer-reviewed articles to analyze the impacts and underlying mechanisms of N enrichment on legumes. The findings reveal that N enrichment significantly increases total legume biomass by 30.9% and N content in plant tissues by 13.2% globally. However, N enrichment also leads to notable reductions, including a 5.8% decrease in root-to-shoot ratio, a 21.2% decline in nodule number, a 29.3% reduction in nodule weight, and a 27.1% decrease in the percentage of plant N derived from N2 fixation (%Ndfa). Legume growth traits and N2-fixing capability in response to N enrichment are primarily regulated by climatic factors, such as mean annual temperature (MAT) and mean annual precipitation (MAP), as well as the aridity index (AI) and N fertilizer application rates. Correlation analyses show that plant biomass is positively correlated with MAT, and tissue N content also exhibits a positive correlation with MAT. In contrast, nodule numbers and tissue N content are negatively correlated with N fertilizer application rates, whereas %Ndfa shows a positive correlation with AI and MAP. Under low N addition, the increase in total biomass in response to N enrichment is twice as large as that observed under high N addition. Furthermore, regions at lower elevations with abundant hydrothermal resources are especially favorable for total biomass accumulation, indicating that the responses of legumes to N enrichment are habitat-specific. These results provide scientific evidence for the mechanisms underlying legume responses to N enrichment and offer valuable insights and theoretical references for the conservation and management of legumes in the context of global climate change.},
}
@article {pmid39599197,
year = {2024},
author = {Ramírez Tapias, YA and Rezzani, GD and Delgado, JF and Peltzer, MA and Salvay, AG},
title = {New Materials from the Integral Milk Kefir Grain Biomass and the Purified Kefiran: The Role of Glycerol Content on the Film's Properties.},
journal = {Polymers},
volume = {16},
number = {22},
pages = {},
pmid = {39599197},
issn = {2073-4360},
support = {PICT 2021-92//Agencia Nacional de Promoci&#xf3;n Cient&#xed;fica y Tecnol&#xf3;gica (Argentina)/ ; PUNQ R 990/19 Expte: 827-1300/19//Universidad Nacional de Quilmes (Argentina)/ ; },
abstract = {Microbial exopolymers are gaining attention as sources for the development of biodegradable materials. Milk kefir, a fermented dairy product produced by a symbiotic community of microorganisms, generates milk kefir grains as a by-product, consisting of the polysaccharide kefiran and proteins. This study develops two materials, one from whole milk kefir grains and another from purified kefiran. Film-forming dispersions were subjected to ultrasonic homogenisation and thermal treatment, yielding homogeneous dispersions. Kefiran dispersion exhibited lower pseudoplastic behaviour and higher viscous consistency, with minimal effects from glycerol. Both films exhibited continuous and homogeneous microstructures, with kefiran films being transparent and milk kefir films displaying a yellowish tint. Analysis revealed that milk kefir films comprised approximately 30% proteins and 70% kefiran. Kefiran films demonstrated stronger interpolymeric interactions, as evidenced using thermogravimetric and mechanical tests. Glycerol increased hydration while decreasing thermal stability, glass transition temperature, elastic modulus, and tensile strength in both films. However, in kefiran films, elongation at the break and water vapour permeability decreased at low glycerol content, followed by an increase at higher plasticiser contents. This suggests an unusual interaction between glycerol and kefiran in the absence of proteins. These findings underscore differences between materials derived from the whole by-product and purified kefiran, offering insights into their potential applications.},
}
@article {pmid39598283,
year = {2024},
author = {Mederle, AL and Dima, M and Stoicescu, ER and Căpăstraru, BF and Levai, CM and Hațegan, OA and Maghiari, AL},
title = {Impact of Gut Microbiome Interventions on Glucose and Lipid Metabolism in Metabolic Diseases: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.},
journal = {Life (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {14},
number = {11},
pages = {},
pmid = {39598283},
issn = {2075-1729},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The gut microbiome is increasingly recognized as a key player in metabolic health, influencing glucose and lipid metabolism through various mechanisms. However, the efficacy of gut microbiota-targeted interventions, such as probiotics, prebiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), and diet-based treatments, remains unclear for specific metabolic outcomes. In this study, the aim was to evaluate the impact of these interventions on the glucose and lipid parameters in individuals with metabolic diseases such as diabetes mellitus (DM), obesity, and metabolic syndrome.<br><br>METHODS: This systematic review and meta-analysis included 41 randomized controlled trials that investigated the effects of gut microbiota-targeted treatments on metabolic parameters such as fasting glucose, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and triglycerides. A comprehensive search was conducted using databases like PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus, focusing on interventions targeting the gut microbiota. A meta-analysis was performed using random-effects models, with effect sizes calculated for each outcome. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool.<br><br>RESULTS: Gut microbiota-targeted interventions significantly reduced fasting glucose, HbA1c, HOMA-IR, total cholesterol, LDL-C, and triglycerides, with moderate heterogeneity observed across studies. The interventions also led to modest increases in HDL-C levels. Probiotic and synbiotic interventions showed the most consistent benefits in improving both glucose and lipid profiles, while FMT yielded mixed results. Short-term interventions showed rapid microbial shifts but less pronounced metabolic improvements, whereas longer-term interventions had more substantial metabolic benefits.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: In this study, it is demonstrated that gut microbiota-targeted interventions can improve key metabolic outcomes, offering a potential therapeutic strategy for managing metabolic diseases. However, the effectiveness of these interventions varies depending on the type, duration, and population characteristics, highlighting the need for further long-term studies to assess the sustained effects of microbiota modulation on metabolic health.},
}
@article {pmid39597725,
year = {2024},
author = {Essadki, Y and Hilmi, A and Cascajosa-Lira, A and Girão, M and Darrag, EM and Martins, R and Romane, A and El Amrani Zerrifi, S and Mugani, R and Tazart, Z and Redouane, EM and Jos, A and Cameán, AM and Vasconcelos, V and Campos, A and El Khalloufi, F and Oudra, B and Barakate, M and Carvalho, MF},
title = {In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity of Volatile Compounds from the Lichen Pseudevernia furfuracea (L.) Zopf. Against Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria and Fish Pathogens.},
journal = {Microorganisms},
volume = {12},
number = {11},
pages = {},
pmid = {39597725},
issn = {2076-2607},
support = {TOXICROP project (H2020-823860)//TOXICROP project (H2020-823860)/ ; CEECIND/02968/2017//FCT/ ; UIDB/04423/2020//FCT European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) and Fundo Social Europeu/ ; PID2023-147444OB-I00//MICIU/AEI/ ; 2019-345 01247//FPU/ ; },
abstract = {Lichens are symbiotic organisms with unique secondary metabolism. Various metabolites from lichens have shown antimicrobial activity. Nevertheless, very few studies have investigated the antimicrobial potential of the volatile compounds they produce. This study investigates the chemical composition and antimicrobial properties of volatile compounds from Pseudevernia furfuracea collected in two regions of Morocco. Hydrodistillation was used to obtain volatile compounds from samples collected in the High Atlas and Middle Atlas. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis identified phenolic cyclic compounds as the primary constituents, with atraric acid and chloroatranol being the most abundant. Additionally, eight compounds were detected in lichens for the first time. The antimicrobial activity of these compounds was assessed using disc diffusion and broth microdilution methods. Both samples demonstrated significant antimicrobial effects against multidrug-resistant human bacteria, reference microorganisms, fish pathogens, and Candida albicans, with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) ranging from 1000 µg/mL to 31.25 µg/mL. This study provides the first report on the volatile compounds from Pseudevernia furfuracea and their antimicrobial effects, particularly against fish pathogens, suggesting their potential as novel antimicrobial agents for human and veterinary use. Further research is warranted to explore these findings in more detail.},
}
@article {pmid39597722,
year = {2024},
author = {Khalil, M and Di Ciaula, A and Mahdi, L and Jaber, N and Di Palo, DM and Graziani, A and Baffy, G and Portincasa, P},
title = {Unraveling the Role of the Human Gut Microbiome in Health and Diseases.},
journal = {Microorganisms},
volume = {12},
number = {11},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/microorganisms12112333},
pmid = {39597722},
issn = {2076-2607},
abstract = {The human gut is a complex ecosystem that supports billions of living species, including bacteria, viruses, archaea, phages, fungi, and unicellular eukaryotes. Bacteria give genes and enzymes for microbial and host-produced compounds, establishing a symbiotic link between the external environment and the host at both the gut and systemic levels. The gut microbiome, which is primarily made up of commensal bacteria, is critical for maintaining the healthy host's immune system, aiding digestion, synthesizing essential nutrients, and protecting against pathogenic bacteria, as well as influencing endocrine, neural, humoral, and immunological functions and metabolic pathways. Qualitative, quantitative, and/or topographic shifts can alter the gut microbiome, resulting in dysbiosis and microbial dysfunction, which can contribute to a variety of noncommunicable illnesses, including hypertension, cardiovascular disease, obesity, diabetes, inflammatory bowel disease, cancer, and irritable bowel syndrome. While most evidence to date is observational and does not establish direct causation, ongoing clinical trials and advanced genomic techniques are steadily enhancing our understanding of these intricate interactions. This review will explore key aspects of the relationship between gut microbiota, eubiosis, and dysbiosis in human health and disease, highlighting emerging strategies for microbiome engineering as potential therapeutic approaches for various conditions.},
}
@article {pmid39597685,
year = {2024},
author = {Zhang, K and Chen, X and Shi, X and Yang, Z and Yang, L and Liu, D and Yu, F},
title = {Endophytic Bacterial Community, Core Taxa, and Functional Variations Within the Fruiting Bodies of Laccaria.},
journal = {Microorganisms},
volume = {12},
number = {11},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/microorganisms12112296},
pmid = {39597685},
issn = {2076-2607},
support = {202205AD160036//the Yunnan Technology Innovation/ ; 42077072//the National Natural Science Foundation of Management Practices China/ ; },
abstract = {Macrofungi do not exist in isolation but establish symbiotic relationships with microorganisms, particularly bacteria, within their fruiting bodies. Herein, we examined the fruiting bodies' bacteriome of seven species of the genus Laccaria collected from four locations in Yunnan, China. By analyzing bacterial diversity, community structure, and function through 16S rRNA sequencing, we observed the following: (1) In total, 4,840,291 high-quality bacterial sequences obtained from the fruiting bodies were grouped into 16,577 amplicon sequence variants (ASVs), and all samples comprised 23 shared bacterial ASVs. (2) The Allorhizobium-Neorhizobium-Pararhizobium-Rhizobium complex was found to be the most abundant and presumably coexisting bacterium. (3) A network analysis revealed that endophytic bacteria formed functional groups, which were dominated by the genera Allorhizobium-Neorhizobium-Pararhizobium-Rhizobium, Novosphingobium, and Variovorax. (4) The diversity, community structure, and dominance of ecological functions (chemoheterotrophy and nitrogen cycling) among endophytic bacteria were significantly shaped by geographic location, habitat, and fungal genotype, rather than fruiting body type. (5) A large number of the endophytic bacteria within Laccaria are bacteria that promote plant growth; however, some pathogenic bacteria that pose a threat to human health might also be present. This research advances our understanding of the microbial ecology of Laccaria and the factors shaping its endophytic bacterial communities.},
}
@article {pmid39597519,
year = {2024},
author = {Xu, H and Wang, L and Zhu, M and Chen, X},
title = {Epiphytic Fungi Can Drive a Trade-Off Between Pathogen and Herbivore Resistance in Invasive Ipomoea cairica.},
journal = {Microorganisms},
volume = {12},
number = {11},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/microorganisms12112130},
pmid = {39597519},
issn = {2076-2607},
support = {B2022242//Science Research Project of Educational Bureau of Hubei Province, China/ ; },
abstract = {Trade-offs between different defense traits exist commonly in plants. However, no evidence suggests that symbiotic microbes can drive a trade-off between plant pathogen and herbivore defense. The present study aims to investigate whether the mixture of epiphytic Fusarium oxysporum and Fusarium fujikuroi can drive the trade-off between the two defense traits in invasive Ipomoea cairica. Surface-sterilized I. cairica cuttings pre-inoculated with the epiphytic fungal mixture served as an epiphyte-inoculated (E+) group, while cuttings sprayed with sterile PDB served as an epiphyte-free (E-) group. After 3 days of incubation, E+ and E- cuttings were subjected to the challenge from a fungal pathogen and an insect herbivore, respectively. The results suggested that E+ cuttings had less rotted and yellowed leaf rates per plant than E- cuttings after Colletotrichum gloeosporioides infection. On the contrary, E+ cuttings had higher absolute and relative fresh weight losses per leaf than E- cuttings after Taiwania circumdata introduction. In the absence of challenges from the two natural enemies, salicylic acid and H2O2 accumulation occurred in E+ cuttings, which activated their SA-dependent pathogen defense and resulted in an increase in chitinase and β-1,3-glucanase activities. Although jasmonic acid accumulation also occurred in E+ cuttings, their JA-dependent herbivore defense responses were antagonized by SA signaling, leading to a decrease in total phenol content and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity. The activity of generalized defense enzymes, including superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase, did not differ between E+ and E- cuttings. Together, our findings indicate that a trade-off between pathogen and herbivore defense in I. cairica had already been driven by the epiphytic fungal mixture before the challenge by the two natural enemies. This study provides a novel insight into biocontrol strategies for I. cairica.},
}
@article {pmid39597516,
year = {2024},
author = {Morales-Ruiz, E and Islas-Flores, T and Villanueva, MA},
title = {BiP Proteins from Symbiodiniaceae: A "Shocking" Story.},
journal = {Microorganisms},
volume = {12},
number = {11},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/microorganisms12112126},
pmid = {39597516},
issn = {2076-2607},
abstract = {More than four decades ago, the discovery of a companion protein of immunoglobulins in myeloma cells and soon after, of their ability to associate with heavy chains, made the term immunoglobulin binding protein (BiP) emerge, prompting a tremendous amount of effort to understand their versatile cellular functions. BiPs belong to the heat shock protein (Hsp) 70 family and are crucial for protein folding and cellular stress responses. While extensively studied in model organisms such as Chlamydomonas, their roles in dinoflagellates, especially in photosynthetic Symbiodiniaceae, remain largely underexplored. Given the importance of Symbiodiniaceae-cnidarian symbiosis, critical for the sustaining of coral reef ecosystems, understanding the contribution of Hsps to stress resilience is essential; however, most studies have focused on Hsps in general but none on BiPs. Moreover, despite the critical role of light in the physiology of these organisms, research on light effects on BiPs from Symbiodiniaceae has also been limited. This review synthesizes the current knowledge from the literature and sequence data, which reveals a high degree of BiP conservation at the gene, protein, and structural levels in Symbiodiniaceae and other dinoflagellates. Additionally, we show the existence of a potential link between circadian clocks and BiP regulation, which would add another level of regulatory complexity. The evolutionary relationship among dinoflagellates overall suggests conserved functions and regulatory mechanisms, albeit expecting confirmation by experimental validation. Finally, our analysis also highlights the significant knowledge gap and underscores the need for further studies focusing on gene and protein regulation, promoter architecture, and structural conservation of Symbiodiniaceae and dinoglagellate BiPs in general. These will deepen our understanding of the role of BiPs in the Symbiodiniaceae-cnidarian interactions and dinoflagellate physiology.},
}
@article {pmid39597510,
year = {2024},
author = {Meng, M and Ren, B and Yu, J and Li, D and Li, H and Li, J and Yang, J and Bai, L and Feng, Y},
title = {Cenchrus spinifex Invasion Alters Soil Nitrogen Dynamics and Competition.},
journal = {Microorganisms},
volume = {12},
number = {11},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/microorganisms12112120},
pmid = {39597510},
issn = {2076-2607},
support = {2023YFC2604500//National Key R&amp;D Program/ ; 2021M693865//China Postdoctoral Science Foundation/ ; LJKZ0638//Liaoning Provincial Scientific Research Fund/ ; LJKMZ20221020//Liaoning Provincial Scientific Research Fund/ ; },
abstract = {Invasive plants often alter biological soil conditions to increase their own competitiveness. Through indoor simulated nitrogen deposition culture experiments, we investigated the differences in growth indicators and nutrient content levels between the invasive plant Cenchrus spinifex Cav. and the native symbiotic plant Agropyron cristatum (L.) Gaertn. under diverse nitrogen application modes and planting-competition ratios. Furthermore, we examined the alterations in key microbial communities involved in soil nitrogen cycling of C. spinifex. The results indicated that the invasion of C. spinifex could inhibit the growth of native plants, and in fact altered the accumulation and transformation processes related to soil nitrogen, resulting in reduced rates of soil nitrogen transformation. The overarching aim of this research was to construct a theoretical foundation for the scientific comprehension of the invasion mechanisms of C. spinifex, in order to better prevent the further spread of this invasive plant and mitigate its pernicious impact on the current environment.},
}
@article {pmid39596308,
year = {2024},
author = {Kametani, M and Nagasawa, Y and Usuda, M and Kaneki, A and Ogawa, M and Shojima, K and Yamazaki, H and Tokumoto, K and Matsuoka, D and Suehara, K and Suehiro, Y and Akitomo, T and Mitsuhata, C and Misaki, T and Ito, S and Naka, S and Matsumoto-Nakano, M and Nakano, K and Kishimoto, H and Shinmura, K and Nomura, R},
title = {Relationship Between the Presence of Red Complex Species and the Distribution of Other Oral Bacteria, Including Major Periodontal Pathogens in Older Japanese Individuals.},
journal = {International journal of molecular sciences},
volume = {25},
number = {22},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/ijms252212243},
pmid = {39596308},
issn = {1422-0067},
support = {21K08242//Japan Society for the Promotion of Science/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; Aged ; *Porphyromonas gingivalis/isolation &amp; purification/genetics/pathogenicity ; Male ; Female ; *Tannerella forsythia/isolation &amp; purification/genetics/pathogenicity ; *Treponema denticola/isolation &amp; purification/genetics ; Japan ; Middle Aged ; Mouth/microbiology ; Periodontal Diseases/microbiology ; Microbiota ; Aged, 80 and over ; Dental Plaque/microbiology ; East Asian People ; },
abstract = {Red complex bacteria (Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, and Tannerella forsythia) have high virulence in periodontal disease. In the present study, we aimed to elucidate the detailed symbiotic relationships between the red complex and other oral bacteria in older Japanese individuals. Polymerase chain reaction was performed using dental plaque from 116 subjects and specific primers for ten periodontal pathogens. The detection rate of Prevotella intermedia and Capnocytophaga sputigena was significantly higher in P. gingivalis-positive subjects than in P. gingivalis-negative subjects (p < 0.05). The detection rate of Campylobacter rectus, Prevotella nigrescens, Capnocytophaga ochracea, and Eikenella corrodens was significantly higher in T. forsythia-positive subjects than in T. forsythia-negative subjects (p < 0.01). In a comprehensive analysis of oral microbiomes, three red complex species-positive subjects had significantly higher α-diversity than only P. gingivalis-positive subjects (p < 0.05) and had significantly lower β-diversity than only T. forsythia-positive subjects (p < 0.01). In the taxonomy analysis, Porphyromonas was significantly higher in three red complex species-positive subjects than in only P. gingivalis-positive and only T. forsythia-positive subjects (p < 0.01). These results suggest that each red complex species forms a unique oral microbiome and individuals positive for all red complex bacteria may harbor oral bacteria that confer a significant advantage in developing periodontal disease.},
}
@article {pmid39596264,
year = {2024},
author = {Qadir, M and Iqbal, A and Hussain, A and Hussain, A and Shah, F and Yun, BW and Mun, BG},
title = {Exploring Plant-Bacterial Symbiosis for Eco-Friendly Agriculture and Enhanced Resilience.},
journal = {International journal of molecular sciences},
volume = {25},
number = {22},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/ijms252212198},
pmid = {39596264},
issn = {1422-0067},
support = {//The study was funded by the Research &amp; Innovation Fund (RIF) of Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan to Adil Hussain./ ; },
mesh = {*Symbiosis ; *Agriculture/methods ; Endophytes/physiology ; Bacteria/metabolism/growth &amp; development ; Plants/microbiology/metabolism ; Stress, Physiological ; Crops, Agricultural/microbiology/growth &amp; development ; Microbiota ; Plant Development ; },
abstract = {This review explores the intricate relationship between plants and bacterial endophytes, revealing their multifaceted roles in promoting plant growth, resilience, and defense mechanisms. By selectively shaping their microbiome, plants harness diverse endophytic bacterial strains to enhance nutrient absorption, regulate hormones, mitigate damage, and contribute to overall plant health. The review underscores the potential of bacterial endophytes in self-sustaining agricultural systems, offering solutions to reduce reliance on fertilizers and pesticides. Additionally, the review highlights the importance of endophytes in enhancing plant tolerance to various environmental stresses, such as drought, salinity, extreme temperatures, and heavy metal toxicity. The review emphasizes the significance of understanding and harnessing the mutualistic relationship between plants and endophytes for maximizing agricultural yields and promoting sustainable farming practices.},
}
@article {pmid39596021,
year = {2024},
author = {Guo, W and Lu, Y and Du, S and Li, Q and Zou, X and Zhang, Z and Sui, L},
title = {Endophytic Colonization of Beauveria bassiana Enhances Drought Stress Tolerance in Tomato via "Water Spender" Pathway.},
journal = {International journal of molecular sciences},
volume = {25},
number = {22},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/ijms252211949},
pmid = {39596021},
issn = {1422-0067},
support = {20230203175SF and 20230508011RC//Jilin Provincial Scientifc and Technological Development Program/ ; },
mesh = {*Solanum lycopersicum/microbiology/growth &amp; development/physiology/metabolism ; *Beauveria/physiology ; *Droughts ; *Stress, Physiological ; *Endophytes/physiology ; *Water/metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Plant Leaves/microbiology/metabolism ; Seedlings/microbiology/growth &amp; development ; Plant Stomata/physiology/microbiology ; Plant Roots/microbiology/growth &amp; development ; },
abstract = {Drought stress is one of the most important climate-related factors affecting crop production. Tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum L.) are economically important crops which are highly sensitive to drought. The entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana, a widely used biological insecticide, can form symbiotic relationships with plants via endophytic colonization, increasing plant biomass and the ability to resist biotic stress. Under simulated drought stress conditions, the biomass of tomato seedlings such as plant height, root length, stem diameter, fresh weight, and relative water content, as well as the density and size of stomata in tomato leaves were significantly increased after B. bassiana colonization via root irrigation (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, the physicochemical properties associated with drought resistance such as peroxidase activity and proline content increased significantly (p < 0.05), while malondialdehyde reduced significantly (p < 0.05), and the expression levels of key genes related to stomatal development and drought tolerance pathways increased significantly (p < 0.05). These results indicate that the colonization of B. bassiana enhances the water absorption capacity of tomato seedlings and the rate of transpiration significantly and increases drought tolerance in tomato via the "water spender" pathway, which provides a new strategy for improving crop resistance to drought stress.},
}
@article {pmid39595894,
year = {2024},
author = {Kapoula, Z and Aakash, G and Rèmi, G and Bauwens, A and Martiat, B and Leonard, V},
title = {Lasting Deficiencies in Vergence Eye Movements in Patients with Peripheral or Central Vertigo: Improvements After Four Sessions of REMOBI Neurotraining and Associated Functional Benefits.},
journal = {Brain sciences},
volume = {14},
number = {11},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/brainsci14111131},
pmid = {39595894},
issn = {2076-3425},
abstract = {The vestibular function is in synergism with the oculomotor vergence. Vertigo may be related to vergence disorders and conversely, vestibular pathologies may affect vergence. To consolidate this hypothesis, we conducted a study at the vestibular orthoptic clinic of the Bastogne Hospital. Fourteen patients with vertigo history appearing 2 weeks to 8 years ago, aged 30 to 65 years were studied; at the moment of the eye movement study, no patient had acute attack of vertigo. The origin of vertigo varied (Meniere's disease, organic pathology, sensitivity to visual movement). An assessment with objective measurement of vergence (single-step protocol) was carried out with the REMOBI technology coupled with binocular video-oculography in sitting and standing positions. Four neuro-rehabilitation sessions of vergence eye movements were performed with the double-step in-depth protocol, alternating sitting and standing positions to involve different postural and vestibular functions. An assessment of vergence was done again 1 to 2 months later. The initial assessment revealed problems of magnitude and/or speed or variability of vergence for 11 of the patients relative to controls (published by the group in previous studies). After neuro-rehabilitation, an improvement was observed in eight patients. Patients reported a clear improvement of their self confidence in moving in the space. Posture measures done before rehabilitation comparing eyes fixating or closed or while making near-far vergence eye movements indicated lower medio-lateral acceleration when doing vergence eye movements in patients with vertigo history of functional origin. The results are in favor of the hypothesis of a symbiosis between vergence and vestibular function and the interest of diagnosis and rehabilitation of the vergence disorder in patients with vertigo history in the absence of acute vertigo attack.},
}
@article {pmid39595236,
year = {2024},
author = {Lin, SW and Shelomi, M},
title = {Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) Microbiome and Microbe Interactions: A Scoping Review.},
journal = {Animals : an open access journal from MDPI},
volume = {14},
number = {22},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/ani14223183},
pmid = {39595236},
issn = {2076-2615},
abstract = {Black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens, BSF) is farmed worldwide to convert organic waste into usable biomaterials. Studies on the larval microbiome have been carried out to check for symbiotic or pathogenic microbes and their respective functions and fates. Some studies tested these microbes for industrial applications, while others tested the effects of exogenous microbes as probiotics or for substrate pre-processing to improve larval fitness, bioconversion rates, or nutritional qualities. This review examined all peer-reviewed literature on these topics to consolidate many disparate findings together. It followed the PRISMA guidelines for scoping reviews. The results found no evidence of globally conserved core microbes, as diet strongly correlated with gut microbiome, but some genera appeared most frequently in BSF larval guts worldwide regardless of diet. The gut microbes undoubtably assist in digestion, including pathogen suppression, and so microbial probiotics show promise for future investigations. However, the common gut microbes have not been explored as probiotics themselves, which would be a promising direction for future work. The impacts of BSF bioconversion on pathogens varied, so each rearing facility should investigate and manage their pathogen risks independently. The data summarized in this study provide useful reference points for future investigations into BSF-microbe interactions.},
}
@article {pmid39594493,
year = {2024},
author = {Yang, Z and Wong, NK and Mao, F and Wu, S and Yi, W and Yu, Z and Zhang, Y},
title = {Carnosine Synthase (TsATPGD) Alleviates Lipid Peroxidation Under Transcriptional Control by an Nfe2-like Gene in Tridacna Squamosa.},
journal = {Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {13},
number = {11},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/antiox13111351},
pmid = {39594493},
issn = {2076-3921},
support = {42449303, 32073002, U22A20533, 22107045//National Science Foundation of China/ ; 2022YFD2400301//National Key Research and Development Program of China/ ; 2023QNRC001//Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by CAST/ ; 2024A04J6278, 2023A04J0096//Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou, China/ ; 510858044//Li Ka-Shing Foundation at Shantou University Medical College/ ; 2024LKSFG01//Li Ka-Shing Founda-tion STU-GTIIT Joint-research Grant/ ; E010221005//Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen/ ; CFA202201006//Cooperation Fund of CHCAMS and SZCH/ ; },
abstract = {As an important mollusk in reef ecosystems, Tridacna squamosa forms pro-survival symbiotic relationships that hinge on an exquisite redox equilibrium between the host and the photosynthetic symbiont, zooxanthellae. The exact regulatory mechanisms thereof remain poorly understood. In this study, a novel Nfe2-like transcription factor in T. squamosa was identified and characterized with respect to its antioxidant and cytoprotective roles. Gene structure and phylogenetic analysis reveal that T. squamosa possesses a single transcription factor TsNfe2l in contrast to mammalian Nfe2l1 (Nrf1) and Nfe2l2 (Nrf2), belonging to protein members of the bZIP-NFE2 subfamily and functionally resembling the mammalian Nfe2l1. A conserved bZIP domain permits its binding to the antioxidant response element (ARE) in vitro and in HEK293T cells. Further analyses such as promoter prediction suggest that TsNfe2l target genes engage mainly in the regulation of multiple enzymes involved in antioxidation and allied pathways. Notably, TsNfe2l transcriptionally upregulates carnosine synthase (TsATPGD), which subsequently produces L-carnosine abundantly to shield cells from oxidative damage. Moreover, the blockage of TsNfe2l nucleic acid binding reduced the expression of TsATPGD and L-carnosine content in the gill, resulting in elevated lipid peroxidation. Collectively, our findings establish novel molecular insight into TsNfe2l as a critical regulator of redox homeostasis in T. squamosa through carnosine synthesis.},
}
@article {pmid39594465,
year = {2024},
author = {Chou, YC and Lin, HW and Wang, CY and Hsieh, CC and Santoso, SP and Lin, SP and Cheng, KC},
title = {Enhancing Antioxidant Benefits of Kombucha Through Optimized Glucuronic Acid by Selected Symbiotic Fermentation Culture.},
journal = {Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {13},
number = {11},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/antiox13111323},
pmid = {39594465},
issn = {2076-3921},
support = {MOST109-2628-E-002-007-MY3//Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan/ ; MOST110-2221-E-038-003-MY3//Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan/ ; NSTC 113-2321-B-002-037//Chung Shan Medical University/ ; },
abstract = {Kombucha, a functional beverage rich in glucuronic acid, is fermented in the presence of acetic acid bacteria and yeast as the primary microorganisms. Glucuronic acid is recognized for its various physiological benefits, such as detoxification, antioxidation, and anti-inflammation. To optimize the glucuronic acid content in kombucha, various strain combinations by selecting fermented sources were accomplished. According to the experimental results, kombucha produced through co-fermentation with Pichia anomala and Komagataeibacter hansenii, with glucose-added black tea as the carbon source, exhibited the highest glucuronic acid production. A response surface methodology found that under optimized conditions of a 12.27% (w/v) carbon source concentration, a 10.07% (w/v) substrate concentration, and a 28.4 °C temperature, the highest glucuronic acid production reached 80.16 g/L, which represented a 2.39-fold increase compared to the original kombucha. Furthermore, the total polyphenol content increased by 3.87-fold, while DPPH and ABTS free radical-scavenging capacities increased by 1.86- and 2.22-fold, respectively. To sum up, these observations reveal the potential for commercial production of glucuronic acid-enriched kombucha and contribute to the development of functional food products related to kombucha in the future.},
}
@article {pmid39593317,
year = {2024},
author = {Su, Y and Cui, Z and Yang, X and Jiang, Y and Zhang, W and Zhang, Y and Man, C},
title = {Lactobacillus paracasei JY062 and its exopolysaccharide enhance the intestinal barrier through macrophage polarization and Th17/Treg cell balance.},
journal = {Food research international (Ottawa, Ont.)},
volume = {197},
number = {Pt 1},
pages = {115235},
doi = {10.1016/j.foodres.2024.115235},
pmid = {39593317},
issn = {1873-7145},
mesh = {Animals ; *Th17 Cells/immunology/metabolism ; *T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology/drug effects/metabolism ; Caco-2 Cells ; Humans ; Mice ; *Colitis, Ulcerative/therapy/chemically induced/immunology ; *Macrophages/drug effects/metabolism/immunology ; *Intestinal Mucosa/metabolism/drug effects ; Male ; Polysaccharides, Bacterial/pharmacology ; Dextran Sulfate ; Disease Models, Animal ; Probiotics/pharmacology ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mucin-2/metabolism/genetics ; Colon/metabolism ; },
abstract = {Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an immune-mediated intestinal disease without a comprehensive cure, and the alleviation of UC has become an urgent problem. The results showed that JY062 with its EPS group (JEC) alleviated the intestinal barrier damage caused by LPS. After JEC intervention on Caco-2 cells, resulted in upregulation of ZO-1, Claudin-1, Occludin and MUC2 transcript levels and decreased mRNA expression of Claudin-2 (p < 0.05). JEC effectively attenuated the inflammatory response in UC mice and restoration of immunoglobulin levels (IgG, IgM and IgA), which resulted in shortening and swelling of the colon, disappearance of goblet cells, infiltration of inflammatory cells and mucosal damage were alleviated in mice. Similarly, changes in the expression of MUC2 and tight junction proteins after JEC intervention also occurred in UC mice. Administration of JEC significantly inhibited the differentiation of pro-inflammatory Th17 cells in the thymus and peripheral blood, promoted the differentiation of CD4+ T cells to Treg cells, and effectively regulated DSS-induced macrophage imbalance, which was manifested by the polarization of pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages to anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages. This study clearly demonstrates that JEC could significantly prevent intestinal barrier on DSS-induced experimental colitis and could be applied as a potential symbiotic strategy to assist in the alleviation of UC.},
}
@article {pmid39593250,
year = {2024},
author = {Vannuchi, N and Jamar, G and de Rosso, VV and Pisani, LP},
title = {Dose-dependent effects of anthocyanin-rich extracts on obesity-induced inflammation and gut microbiota modulation.},
journal = {BioFactors (Oxford, England)},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1002/biof.2144},
pmid = {39593250},
issn = {1872-8081},
support = {307305/2023-6//Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient&#xed;fico e Tecnol&#xf3;gico/ ; 307338/2018-5//Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient&#xed;fico e Tecnol&#xf3;gico/ ; 2022/12936-0//S&#xe3;o Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP)/ ; },
abstract = {Obesity and its associated inflammatory state pose a significant health burden. Anthocyanins, bioactive compounds found in fruits and vegetables, have garnered interest in their potential to attenuate these conditions. Understanding the dose-dependent response of anthocyanins is essential for optimizing their therapeutic potential in preventing and managing obesity. This comprehensive review explores the current knowledge on the dose-dependent effects of anthocyanins on obesity in both human and animal models, analyzing the structure and mechanism of absorption of these compounds. The article also highlights the diverse mechanisms underlying anthocyanin action, the symbiosis between anthocyanins and gut microbiota impacting metabolite production, influencing diverse health outcomes, modulating cytokines, and activating anti-inflammatory pathways. Additionally, their impact on energy metabolism and lipid regulation is discussed, highlighting potential contributions to weight management through AMPK and PPARγ pathways. Despite promising results, dose-dependent effects are fundamental considerations, with some studies indicating less favorable outcomes at higher doses. Future research should focus on optimizing dosages, accounting for individual responses, and translating findings into effective clinical applications for obesity management.},
}
@article {pmid39592078,
year = {2024},
author = {Kong, D and Cui, L and Wang, X and Wo, J and Xiong, F},
title = {Fungus-derived opine enhances plant photosynthesis.},
journal = {Journal of advanced research},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.jare.2024.11.029},
pmid = {39592078},
issn = {2090-1224},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Plant-fungal interactions stimulate endophytic fungi to produce a plethora of metabolites that enhance plant growth and improve stress resistance. Opines, naturally occurring compounds formed through the condensation of amino acids with α-keto acids or sugars, have diverse biological functions and are mainly present in bacteria. Interestingly, investigations have revealed the presence of opine synthases (OSases) in fungal species as well, and their functions are yet to be studied.<br><br>OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study is to investigate the occurrence of OSases in fungal species, identify their products, and characterize the potential biological activity of the metabolites.<br><br>METHODS: We identified a putative class of OSases in fungi through sequence similarity network (SSN) analysis. The function of these enzymes was elucidated using methods including protein heterologous expression, in vitro biochemical characterization, in vivo gene knock-out, as well as product isolation and identification. Additionally, we conducted plant activity testing on the secondary metabolites through foliar spraying and performed transcriptomic analysis to uncover their functions.<br><br>RESULTS: A quarter of the PF18631 family members, which contain the C-terminal helical bundle domain of cucumopine synthase, are derived from endophytic fungi. Some of these enzymes catalyze the synthesis of tryptopine A (1-acetyl-3-carboxy-&#x3b2;-carboline) by condensing L-tryptophan and methylglyoxal. The tryptopine A can act as a growth regulator, promoting plant growth and transcriptionally reprogramming photosynthesis-related pathways, while enhancing the rate of plant photosynthesis by 25&#x202f;%.<br><br>CONCLUSION: The findings of this study suggest that tryptopine A plays a crucial role as a signaling molecule in the establishment and maintenance of mutualistic associations between endophytic fungi and host plants, thereby enhancing our comprehension of fungal-plant symbiosis.},
}
@article {pmid39591743,
year = {2024},
author = {Napitupulu, TP},
title = {Agricultural relevance of fungal mycelial growth-promoting bacteria: Mutual interaction and application.},
journal = {Microbiological research},
volume = {290},
number = {},
pages = {127978},
doi = {10.1016/j.micres.2024.127978},
pmid = {39591743},
issn = {1618-0623},
abstract = {Bacterial-fungal interaction (BFI) is found ubiquitously and plays important roles in various environmental settings, thus being responsible for numerous biophysical and chemical processes in nature. In terms of BFI, the capacity of the bacterium to enhance the growth of fungal mycelia is an indication of the roles of the bacterium in mutualistic interaction, since increasing mycelial growth results in higher changes for fungal establishment. In this review, the interaction between mycelial growth-promoting bacterium (MGPB) and its fungal counterpart in agricultural settings and the promotion of mycelial growth as an outcome of mutual interactions in various environmental niches were evaluated. The beneficial relationships included endohyphal interaction, association of bacteria with mushrooms, bacteria-mycorrhizae symbiosis, and geomicrobiology. Furthermore, the mode of interaction between MGPB and their fungal counterparts was also explained. There are two fundamental modes of interaction involved, namely physical interaction and chemical interaction. The first involved endosymbiosis and bacterial attachment, while the latter comprised quorum sensing, volatile metabolites, enzymatic activity, and chemotaxis. Particularly, the growth stimulants secreted by the bacteria, which promote the growth of hyphae, are discussed thoroughly. Moreover, the chance of trade-off metabolites between fungi and their MGPBs as a consequence of mutualistic interaction will also be observed. Finally, the agricultural relevance of BFI, particularly the relation between fungi and MGPBs, will also be provided, including key technologies and future bioprospects for optimum application.},
}
@article {pmid39591529,
year = {2024},
author = {Weber, PK and Debliqui, M and Defouilloy, C and Mayali, X and Liu, MC and Hestrin, R and Pett-Ridge, J and Stuart, R and Morris, M and Ramon, C and Jorgens, DM and Zalpuri, R and Arnoldi, L and Farcy, J and Saquet, N and Vitcher Fichou, S and Renaud, L and Thomen, A},
title = {The NanoSIMS-HR: The Next Generation of High Spatial Resolution Dynamic SIMS.},
journal = {Analytical chemistry},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1021/acs.analchem.4c03091},
pmid = {39591529},
issn = {1520-6882},
abstract = {The high lateral resolution and sensitivity of the NanoSIMS 50 and 50L series of dynamic SIMS instruments have enabled numerous scientific advances over the past 25 years. Here, we report on the NanoSIMS-HR, the first major upgrade to the series, and analytical tests in a suite of sample types, including an aluminum sample containing silicon crystals, microalgae, and plant roots colonized with a symbiotic fungus. Significant improvements have been made in the Cs[+] ion source, high voltage (HV) control, stage reproducibility, and other aspects of the instrument that affect performance. The modified design of the NanoSIMS-HR thermal-ionization Cs[+] source enables a 5 pA primary ion beam to be focused into a 100 nm spot, a ∼2.5-fold increase compared to Cs[+] sources on previous instruments (∼2 pA at 100 nm). The brightness of the new Cs[+] source enables an ultimate lateral resolution as high as 30 nm and improved detection limits for a given analysis area. Sample stage movement accuracy is higher than 500 nm, enabling many-fold higher throughput automated analyses. With the new HV control, the primary ion beam impact energy can be reduced from 16 to 2 keV, which enables higher depth resolution during depth profiling (a 2-fold improvement), albeit with a 5-fold decrease in lateral resolution. In the NanoSIMS-HR, the secondary ion column and detection system are identical to those used in the previous series, and the isotopic analysis performance is as precise as in previous NanoSIMS instruments.},
}
@article {pmid39590665,
year = {2024},
author = {Kim, JH and Bae, EK and Hue, Y and Choi, B and Kang, MJ and Park, EJ and Kim, KT},
title = {Comparative Genomics Reveals Species-Specific Genes and Symbiotic Adaptations in Tricholoma matsutake.},
journal = {Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {10},
number = {11},
pages = {},
pmid = {39590665},
issn = {2309-608X},
support = {FG0603-2021-01-2024//National Institute of Forest Science/ ; },
abstract = {Tricholoma matsutake, a highly valued ectomycorrhizal fungus, requires a symbiotic relationship with pine trees for growth, complicating its cultivation. This study presents a comprehensive comparative genomic analysis of Tricholoma species, with a focus on T. matsutake. Genomic data from 19 assemblies representing 13 species were analyzed to identify genus-, species-, and strain-specific genes, revealing significant evolutionary adaptations. Notably, T. matsutake exhibits a higher proportion of repetitive elements compared to other species, with retrotransposons like LTR Gypsy dominating its genome. Phylogenomic analyses showed that T. matsutake forms a monophyletic group closely related to T. bakamatsutake. Gene family expansion and contraction analyses highlighted the unique evolutionary pressures on T. matsutake, particularly the loss of tryptophan-related metabolic pathways and the gain of genes related to iron ion homeostasis, which may be crucial for its adaptation to nutrient-limited environments. Additionally, the reduction in secreted proteins and carbohydrate-active enzymes reflects the host-dependent lifestyle of T. matsutake and related species. These findings enhance our understanding of the genetic and evolutionary mechanisms underlying the complex symbiotic relationships of T. matsutake, offering potential avenues for optimizing its cultivation and commercial value.},
}
@article {pmid39590575,
year = {2024},
author = {Lombardo, C and Fazio, R and Sinagra, M and Gattuso, G and Longo, F and Lombardo, C and Salmeri, M and Zanghì, GN and Loreto, CAE},
title = {Intratumoral Microbiota: Insights from Anatomical, Molecular, and Clinical Perspectives.},
journal = {Journal of personalized medicine},
volume = {14},
number = {11},
pages = {},
pmid = {39590575},
issn = {2075-4426},
abstract = {The human microbiota represents a heterogeneous microbial community composed of several commensal, symbiotic, and even pathogenic microorganisms colonizing both the external and internal body surfaces. Despite the term "microbiota" being commonly used to identify microorganisms inhabiting the gut, several pieces of evidence suggest the presence of different microbiota physiologically colonizing other organs. In this context, several studies have also confirmed that microbes are integral components of tumor tissue in different types of cancer, constituting the so-called "intratumoral microbiota". The intratumoral microbiota is closely related to the occurrence and development of cancer as well as to the efficacy of anticancer treatments. Indeed, intratumoral microbiota can contribute to carcinogenesis and metastasis formation as some microbes can directly cause DNA damage, while others can induce the activation of proinflammatory responses or oncogenic pathways and alter the tumor microenvironment (TME). All these characteristics make the intratumoral microbiota an interesting topic to investigate for both diagnostic and prognostic purposes in order to improve the management of cancer patients. This review aims to gather the most recent data on the role of the intratumoral microbiota in cancer development, progression, and response to treatment, as well as its potential diagnostic and prognostic value.},
}
@article {pmid39590502,
year = {2024},
author = {Schapheer, C and González, LM and Villagra, C},
title = {Microorganism Diversity Found in Blatta orientalis L. (Blattodea: Blattidae) Cuticle and Gut Collected in Urban Environments.},
journal = {Insects},
volume = {15},
number = {11},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/insects15110903},
pmid = {39590502},
issn = {2075-4450},
abstract = {Pest cockroaches share urban habitats with us; their prevalence in urban areas prompts concerns regarding their effect on human health, as synanthropic cockroaches often host pathogenic microorganisms. Nonetheless, microbial associates in these insects can also be related to their biology, contributing to their physiological homeostasis and reproductive success. In this article, we present in detail, for the first time, the bacterial community associated with the oriental cockroach Blatta orientalis, one of the world's five most prominent pest cockroaches. We report the composition of the communities of bacteria found over the exoskeleton and inside the gut of this global pest. We collected B. orientalis in Santiago, Chile's capital city, and the urban nucleus in this country. We conducted DNA extractions and metabarcoding analysis. We found diverse bacterial lineages, including mutualist symbiotic strains, and microorganisms considered pathogenic to humans. We also analyzed the metabolic functions of the bacterial communities identified and discussed the role of B. orientalis as a reservoir and vector of pathogens in urban areas. We discuss to what extent the diversity of functions of the microbial community associated with cockroaches may contribute to emergent properties enabling these insects to inhabit human-modified habitats.},
}
@article {pmid39590326,
year = {2024},
author = {Weston, WC and Hales, KH and Hales, DB},
title = {Utilizing Flaxseed as an Antimicrobial Alternative in Chickens: Integrative Review for Salmonella enterica and Eimeria.},
journal = {Current issues in molecular biology},
volume = {46},
number = {11},
pages = {12322-12342},
pmid = {39590326},
issn = {1467-3045},
abstract = {This review provides an integrative framework for understanding flaxseed (Linum utassitissimum) as an antimicrobial alternative for poultry production. We begin by familiarizing the reader with the global legislation of antibiotics in animal husbandry; highlighting gaps and current issues for Salmonella enterica (S. enterica) and Eimeria (coccidiosis-inducing). We then discuss the natural, symbiotic characteristics of the Galliformes order (chicken-like birds) and Linum (the flaxes). The key immunological themes in this review include: (i) flaxseed's regulation of innate and adaptive immunity in chickens, (ii) flaxseed's ability to accelerate chicken recovery from infection with S. enterica and Eimeria, and (iii) flaxseed's strengthening of immunity via vitamin B6 antagonism. Research indicates that whole flaxseed increases adaptive immune capacity by augmenting cecal Bacteroides and short-chain fatty acids while also attenuating the heterophil to lymphocyte ratio in chickens. Moreover, flaxseed accelerates chicken recovery from infection with Salmonella Enteritidis or Eimeria tenella; however, future work is needed to better understand (i) defatted flaxseed's superior performance against Eimeria species and (ii) Eimeria maxima's resilience against whole flaxseed. In the context of vitamin B6 antagonism, we propose that 15% whole flaxseed overcomes S. enterica's insult to estrogen synthesis by sustaining the activity of phosphatidylethanolamine methyltransferase (PEMT) in liver. We also propose that 10% defatted flaxseed (as a metformin homologue) strengthens chicken immunity by safeguarding gonadal physiology and by increasing plasma thymidine bioavailability. The concepts in this review can be used as a template for conducting advanced immunological studies in poultry science.},
}
@article {pmid39589622,
year = {2024},
author = {Wong, JM and Liu, AC and Lin, HT and Shinzato, C and Yang, SY and Yang, SH},
title = {An Improved RNA Extraction Method for Octocorals and Its Application in Transcriptome Analysis of Dark-Induced Bleaching Octocoral.},
journal = {Marine biotechnology (New York, N.Y.)},
volume = {27},
number = {1},
pages = {8},
pmid = {39589622},
issn = {1436-2236},
support = {NSTC 112-2311-B-002 -017//National Science and Technology Council/ ; NTU 112L2033-05//National Taiwan University/ ; },
mesh = {*Anthozoa/genetics/metabolism ; Animals ; *Gene Expression Profiling ; *RNA/isolation &amp; purification/genetics ; *Dinoflagellida/genetics ; *Transcriptome ; Symbiosis ; Coral Reefs ; },
abstract = {Octocorals, vital components of reef ecosystems, inhabit various marine environments across diverse climate zones, spanning from tropical shallows to frigid deep-sea regions. Certain octocoral species, notably Lobophytum and Sinularia, are particularly intriguing due to their production of diverse metabolites, warranting continuous investigation. Although octocorals played the roles in coral ecosystems, the studies are rare in comparison to scleractinian corals, especially in transcriptomic and genomic data. However, RNA extraction was massively interfered by the polysaccharides and secondary metabolites produced from octocoral holobiont. For this purpose, five lysis buffer systems and two extraction processes were examined for the RNA extraction efficiency in octocorals. We found CTAB/10%SDS as a new method for RNA extraction from six different octocoral genera. Furthermore, our new method is enable to extract RNA with good quality for downstream application such as quantitative PCR and RNA sequencing. Finally, comparative transcriptomic analysis between healthy octocorals and those dark-induced bleaching corals in Lobophytum hsiehi revealed extracellular matrix and immunity-related genes may play the important roles in coral-symbiodinium symbiosis. We believe that this study's findings and the developed RNA extraction method will serve as valuable references for future research, particularly in octocorals.},
}
@article {pmid39589551,
year = {2024},
author = {Okumura, R and Takeda, K},
title = {The role of the mucosal barrier system in maintaining gut symbiosis to prevent intestinal inflammation.},
journal = {Seminars in immunopathology},
volume = {47},
number = {1},
pages = {2},
pmid = {39589551},
issn = {1863-2300},
support = {JP18K15187//Japan Society for the Promotion of Science/ ; JP21H050430//Japan Society for the Promotion of Science/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *Intestinal Mucosa/metabolism/immunology/microbiology ; *Symbiosis ; Animals ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/metabolism/etiology/immunology ; Inflammation/metabolism/immunology ; Antimicrobial Peptides/metabolism ; },
abstract = {In the intestinal tract, where numerous intestinal bacteria reside, intestinal epithelial cells produce and release various antimicrobial molecules that form a complex barrier on the mucosal surface. These barrier molecules can be classified into two groups based on their functions: those that exhibit bactericidal activity through chemical reactions, such as antimicrobial peptides, and those that physically hinder bacterial invasion, like mucins, which lack bactericidal properties. In the small intestine, where Paneth cells specialize in producing antimicrobial peptides, the chemical barrier molecules primarily inhibit bacterial growth. In contrast, in the large intestine, where Paneth cells are absent, allowing bacterial growth, the primary defense mechanism is the physical barrier, mainly composed of mucus, which controls bacterial movement and prevents their invasion of intestinal tissues. The expression of these barrier molecules is regulated by metabolites produced by bacteria in the intestinal lumen and cytokines produced by immune cells in the lamina propria. This regulation establishes a defense mechanism that adapts to changes in the intestinal environment, such as alterations in gut microbial composition and the presence of pathogenic bacterial infections. Consequently, when the integrity of the gut mucosal barrier is compromised, commensal bacteria and pathogenic microorganisms from outside the body can invade intestinal tissues, leading to conditions such as intestinal inflammation, as observed in cases of inflammatory bowel disease.},
}
@article {pmid39589125,
year = {2024},
author = {Zhang, Z and Tong, M and Ding, W and Liu, S and Jong, M-C and Radwan, AA and Cai, Z and Zhou, J},
title = {Changes in the diversity and functionality of viruses that can bleach healthy coral.},
journal = {mSphere},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e0081624},
doi = {10.1128/msphere.00816-24},
pmid = {39589125},
issn = {2379-5042},
abstract = {UNLABELLED: Coral microbiomes play a crucial role in maintaining the health and functionality of holobionts. Disruption in the equilibrium of holobionts, including bacteria, fungi, and archaea, can result in the bleaching of coral. However, little is known about the viruses that can infect holobionts in coral, especially bacteriophages. Here, we employed a combination of amplicon and metagenomic analyses on Acropora muricata and Galaxea astreata to investigate the diversity and functionality of viruses in healthy and bleached corals. Analysis showed that the alpha diversity of holobionts (bacteria, eukaryotes, zooxanthellae, and lysogenic and lytic viruses) was higher in bleached corals than that in healthy corals. Meanwhile, bleached corals exhibited a relatively higher abundance of specific viral classes, including Revtraviricetes, Arfiviricetes, Faserviricetes, Caudoviricetes, Herviviricetes, and Tectiliviricetes; moreover, we found that the expression levels of functional genes involved in carbon and sulfur metabolism were enriched. An increase in Vibrio abundance has been reported as a notable factor in coral bleaching; our analysis also revealed an increased abundance of Vibrio in bleached coral. Finally, bleached corals contained a higher abundance of Vibrio phages and encoded more virulence factor genes to increase the competitiveness of Vibrio after coral bleaching. In conclusion, we attempted to understand the causes of coral bleaching from the perspective of phage-bacteria-coral tripartite interaction.<br><br>IMPORTANCE: Viruses, especially bacteriophages, outnumber other microorganisms by approximately 10-fold and represent the most abundant members of coral holobionts. Corals represent a model system for the study of symbiosis, the influence of viruses on organisms inhabiting healthy coral reef, the role of rapid horizontal gene transfer, and the expression of auxiliary metabolic genes. However, the least studied component of coral holobiont are viruses. Therefore, there is a critical need to investigate the viral community of viruses, and their functionality, in healthy and bleached coral. Here, we compared the composition and functionality of viruses in healthy and bleached corals and found that viruses may participate in the induction of coral bleaching by enhancing the expression of virulence genes and other auxiliary metabolic functions.},
}
@article {pmid39588438,
year = {2024},
author = {Dandamudi, BJ and Dimaano, KAM and Shah, N and AlQassab, O and Al-Sulaitti, Z and Nelakuditi, B and Mohammed, L},
title = {Neurodegenerative Disorders and the Gut-Microbiome-Brain Axis: A Literature Review.},
journal = {Cureus},
volume = {16},
number = {10},
pages = {e72427},
pmid = {39588438},
issn = {2168-8184},
abstract = {Neurodegenerative diseases are severe, age-related conditions with complex etiologies that result in significant morbidity and mortality. The gut microbiome, a dynamic symbiotic environment comprising commensal organisms, represents the largest reservoir of these organisms within the human body. It produces short-chain fatty acids, endogenous signals, and neuroactive compounds, which can modulate neuronal function, plasticity, and behavior. Emerging evidence suggests that the gut microbiome plays a pivotal role in neurodevelopment, aging, and brain diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and stroke. Communication between the gut and brain occurs through a bidirectional channel known as the gut-microbiome-brain axis, which is being explored for therapeutic potential in neurodegenerative disorders. This literature review was conducted through a comprehensive search of five electronic databases - PubMed, Scopus, Ovid Medline, Cochrane Review, and Google Scholar - from inception to June 2024, focusing on English-language studies. Keywords included "gut-brain axis", "microbiome dysbiosis", "neurodegeneration", and disorder-specific terms such as "Alzheimer's disease" and "Parkinson's disease", paired with "gut microbiome". The review examines current knowledge on the relationship between gut microbiota and neurodegenerative disorders, emphasizing potential mechanisms and therapeutic options. Results indicate that gut dysbiosis, characterized by microbial imbalance, is intricately associated with neurodegenerative disease pathogenesis by influencing immune responses, increasing blood-brain barrier permeability, and generating neurotoxic metabolites. Therapeutic approaches targeting the gut microbiome, including probiotics, prebiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation, show promise in restoring microbial balance and slowing disease progression. However, further research is essential to validate these findings and develop effective clinical interventions.},
}
@article {pmid39587701,
year = {2024},
author = {Garza-Aguilar, SM and Ramos-Parra, PA and Urrea-López, R and Berdeja-Zamudio, WJ and Lozano-Guajardo, J and Benavides-Lozano, J and Ramírez-Yáñez, M and Díaz de la Garza, RI},
title = {Folate Biosynthesis is Boosted in Legume Nodules.},
journal = {Plant, cell &amp; environment},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/pce.15294},
pmid = {39587701},
issn = {1365-3040},
support = {//This work was supported by the CONACYT (243058)./ ; },
abstract = {Symbiotic nitrogen fixation (SNF) profoundly alters plant and bacteroid metabolism; however, SNF impact on folates and one-carbon (1C) metabolism are unknown. To explore this, SNF was induced in Phaseolus Vulgaris with Rhizobium etli. Nodules accumulated the highest folate concentration yet reported in a plant tissue (60 nmol/g fresh weight). Folate upregulation was not exclusive of determinate nodules, moderate to high folate contents were also encounter in Medicago truncatula and sativa. Moreover, folates correlated partial and positively with N2-fixation. 1C metabolism-associated amino acids (Ser, Gly, Cys, Thr, and Met) accumulated more in nodules than roots. Subcellular profiling of nodule folates revealed that the cytosol fraction primarily contained 5-methyl-tetrahydrofolate, cofactor for Met synthesis. 10-formyl-tetrahydrofolate, required for purine synthesis, was most abundant in nodule plastids, while bacteroids contained low folate levels. Differential transcriptome analysis from nodule legume studies revealed that only a few biosynthetic folate genes expression was increased in nodules whereas several genes for 1C reactions were upregulated. For the first time folates were detected in the xylem sap, with higher concentrations during SNF. We postulate that folates are needed during SNF to sustain purines, thymidylate, and Met synthesis, during both N2-fixation and nodule growth; nodule metabolism is then a 1C-unit sink.},
}
@article {pmid39587272,
year = {2024},
author = {Eekhoff, JK},
title = {Premonition: Hope and Dread in the Analytic Hour.},
journal = {American journal of psychoanalysis},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {39587272},
issn = {1573-6741},
abstract = {Analytic awareness of the process of meaning-making involves tracking premonitions and intuitions to their sources. As precursors of symbolic processing, premonitions are essential elements in any relationship, including the analytic relationship. They provide unconscious communication that informs and amplifies internal and external body and object relations. These relations facilitate depth and dimensionality between and within persons. They also enable the representational processes to establish psychic structure. When traumatized, a person can lose faith in these processes and defend against relationship. Exploring precursors of the emotional experiences of hope and dread enables the analytic dyad to re-vitalize lost potentials and the representation of experience. A clinical example is given to demonstrate the application of these ideas.},
}
@article {pmid39586261,
year = {2024},
author = {Walter, J},
title = {Gut Microbiota Assembly Begins at Birth and Needs to Be Nurtured.},
journal = {Nestle Nutrition Institute workshop series},
volume = {100},
number = {},
pages = {28-45},
doi = {10.1159/000540140},
pmid = {39586261},
issn = {1664-2155},
mesh = {Humans ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome/physiology ; Infant, Newborn ; Host Microbial Interactions/physiology ; Symbiosis/physiology ; Infant ; Biological Evolution ; Immune System/physiology ; },
abstract = {Humans maintain symbiotic relationships with complex microbial communities in their intestinal tracts that are paramount to their host's health and development. Given their importance, it is essential for the host to reliably acquire key members of the gut microbiota and assemble communities that provide benefits during important windows of host development. Epidemiological studies over the last 2 decades have convincingly shown that clinical and nutritional factors that disrupt early-life microbiome assembly predispose humans to infections and chronic noncommunicable diseases. These connections emphasize the importance of understanding host-microbiome assembly on a mechanistic level, the time windows that are most important for host-microbe crosstalk, and the clinical and lifestyle factors that shape and disrupt symbiotic interactions to develop therapeutic and nutritional strategies to prevent noncommunicable diseases. In this article, I will provide an evolutionary and ecological perspective on when and how humans acquire their gut microbiome, the factors that shape the assembly process, and how the process can be disrupted. I will discuss the most important time windows for both microbiome assembly and the microbiome's impact on development of the immune system. Finally, I will discuss how evolutionary and ecological principles inform strategies to support and restore the gut microbiome early in life.},
}
@article {pmid39585407,
year = {2024},
author = {Müller, CSL},
title = {[Immunohistochemical examinations in malignant melanoma : Fundamentals and special aspects].},
journal = {Dermatologie (Heidelberg, Germany)},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {39585407},
issn = {2731-7013},
abstract = {Immunohistochemical examinations have been used for many years in dermatopathology and pathology and have become an integral part of tumor diagnostics. The aim is to identify and classify tumor cells that express distinct antigens. Malignant melanoma can be characterized by a large number of well-described and standardized antibodies, so that immunohistochemical staining is used in the diagnosis of melanoma, the differential diagnosis of other tumors, the determination of tumor thickness, the diagnosis of tumor metastases, and also in the diagnosis of sentinel lymph nodes. Comprehensive knowledge of the expression profiles and specific staining patterns of the antibodies used is of great diagnostic relevance, with the aim of preventing misdiagnosis. The perfect antibody with high sensitivity and maximum specificity does not exist. Hence, immunohistochemistry does not replace the conventional assessment and interpretation of tumor samples. Only in symbiosis with clinical and conventional histological findings do immunohistochemical stains have a diagnostic value.},
}
@article {pmid39584499,
year = {2024},
author = {Checchia, I and Andreolli, M and Lanza, F and Santoiemma, G and Mori, N and Pasini, M and Lampis, S and Felis, GE},
title = {Testing low-risk bioactive compounds on Halyomorpha halys: an improved pipeline of analyses to investigate their effects on the bacterial endosymbiont Candidatus Pantoea carbekii.},
journal = {Pest management science},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1002/ps.8564},
pmid = {39584499},
issn = {1526-4998},
support = {//I.C. Ph.D. scholarship is supported by REACT-EU FSE fund in the frame of PON "Dottorati su tematiche green" (Action IV.5), 2014-2020 (DM 1061/2021). Code BIO04, DOT1340225, Borsa 1 CUP B39J21026610001/ ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The brown marmorated stink bug Halyomorpha halys has become an invasive insect pest of many crops. A promising control strategy to manage the proliferation of H. halys is based on the suppression of its obligate and vertically transmitted uncultivated symbiotic bacterium Candidatus Pantoea carbekii through surface-sterilization of H. halys eggs. Indeed, the application of antimicrobial formulations on the eggs of H. halys could cause mortality of endosymbiont and consequently of newly emerged nymphs. In this study, a microbial live/dead assay was applied directly on H. halys eggs to evaluate Ca. P. carbekii loss of viability after treatments with seven commercial formulations including fungicides (copper hydroxide, sulphur, sweet orange essential oil) and plant biostimulants (flavonoids and chestnut tannin extract) compared with two disinfectants for civil and industrial use (sodium hypochlorite/hydrated sodium/tetraborate decahydrate and peracetic acid/hydrogen peroxide). Impact of mode of application was also evaluated, as surface treatment of egg masses was performed through spraying and dipping in laboratory conditions. Antimicrobial activity data were finally complemented with observations of egg hatching and vitality of the nymphs.<br><br>RESULTS: The optimization of live/dead staining is useful for evaluating Ca. P. carbekii mortality directly on eggs, providing a rapid and reliable culture-independent approach. Sodium hypochlorite, copper, sulphur, tannins and sweet orange essential oil showed an antimicrobial effect against Ca. P. carbekii and a H. halys egg hatching reduction and nymph's vitality.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: The antimicrobial and insecticidal effects of these commercial products should be further studied to assess their in-field efficiency as well as the impact of these substances on non-target organisms. The approach followed in this study could be considered a robust pipeline of analyses to evaluate the effectiveness of antimicrobial eco-friendly compounds in symbiotic control of H. halys. &#xa9; 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.},
}
@article {pmid39582896,
year = {2024},
author = {Iglesias, V and Chilimoniuk, J and Pintado-Grima, C and Bárcenas, O and Ventura, S and Burdukiewicz, M},
title = {Aggregating amyloid resources: A comprehensive review of databases on amyloid-like aggregation.},
journal = {Computational and structural biotechnology journal},
volume = {23},
number = {},
pages = {4011-4018},
pmid = {39582896},
issn = {2001-0370},
abstract = {Protein aggregation is responsible for several degenerative conditions in humans, and it is also a bottleneck in industrial protein production and storage of biotherapeutics. Bioinformatics tools have been developed to predict and redesign protein solubility more efficiently by understanding the underlying principles behind aggregation. As more experimental data become available, dedicated resources for storing, indexing, classifying and consolidating experimental results have emerged. These resources vary in focus, including aggregation-prone regions, 3D patches or protein stretches capable of forming amyloid fibrils. Some of these resources also consider the experimental conditions that cause protein aggregation and how they affect the process. This review article explores how protein aggregation databases have evolved and surveys state-of-the-art resources. We highlight their applications, complementarity and existing limitations. Moreover, we showcase the existing symbiosis between amyloid-related databases and predictive tools. To increase the usefulness of our review, we supplement it with a comprehensive list of present and past amyloid databases: https://biogenies.info/amyloid-database-list/.},
}
@article {pmid39582382,
year = {2024},
author = {Hu, L and Chen, Y and Wu, Q and Zeng, Q and Zhang, T and Yu, G and He, M and Chen, D and Su, X and Zhang, Y and Zhang, Z and Shen, J},
title = {Alteration in microbes changed the contents of oviposition-deterrent pheromones on the Spodoptera litura egg surface.},
journal = {Bulletin of entomological research},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-8},
doi = {10.1017/S000748532400066X},
pmid = {39582382},
issn = {1475-2670},
abstract = {Microorganisms symbiotic with insects, whether permanently or temporarily, play a crucial role in the nutrition, development, reproduction, defence, and metamorphosis regulation. In some Lepidoptera, oviposition-deterrent pheromones (ODPs) on egg surface were used by pregnant females to modify the behaviour of conspecifics to avoid excessive competition for limited resources. In this study, we constructed four different Spodoptera litura groups, including, OH, OA, SH, and OA, which either feed on different hosts or grow in different environments. The 16S rDNA libraries of microbes from the egg surface of the four groups were constructed and sequenced. According to alpha and beta diversity indices, the microbes in environments and diets considerably influenced the richness, diversity, and community compositions of the microbiota on egg surfaces. The quantity of the main ODP components and the corresponding oviposition-deterrent activity among four groups were significantly differed among the four groups. The result of this study revealed that altering of microbes in environments or diets considerably changed the contents of ODP and oviposition-deterrent activity. As ODPs impart oviposition-deterrent activity towards closely related species, the findings of this study suggest that we should pay more attention to the role of symbiotic microorganisms in changing the ability of insects, especially sympatric species, to occupy the optimal niche when developing novel pest-control strategies.},
}
@article {pmid39582243,
year = {2024},
author = {Thanthrige, N and Bhowmik, SD and Williams, B},
title = {'Friend versus foe'-does autophagy help regulate symbiotic plant-microbe interactions and can it be manipulated to improve legume cultivation?.},
journal = {FEBS letters},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1002/1873-3468.15062},
pmid = {39582243},
issn = {1873-3468},
abstract = {Autophagy is a genetically regulated, eukaryotic catabolic pathway that responds to internal and external cellular signals. In plants, it plays crucial roles in development, and responses to abiotic and biotic stresses. Due to its role in limiting the hypersensitive response, research on the molecular mechanisms of autophagic signalling pathways in plant-microbe interactions has primarily focused on plant-pathogen responses. Although there is substantially less information on the role of autophagy signalling in symbiotic plant-microbe interactions, there is accumulating evidence that it is also a key regulator of mutualistic plant-microbe interactions. Here, we review recent progress on the roles of autophagy in symbiotic plant interactions and discuss potential future research directions. Once understood, the central role that autophagy plays within pathogenic and symbiotic plant-microbe interactions has significant potential application for crop improvement. Manipulating autophagy in legume crops could help support crop growth with reduced levels of fertiliser application while maintaining yields with increased protein content in the harvest.},
}
@article {pmid39581480,
year = {2024},
author = {Chu, G and Gao, C and Wang, Q and Zhang, W and Tian, T and Chen, W and Gao, M},
title = {Effect of light intensity on nitrogen removal, enzymatic activity and metabolic pathway of algal-bacterial symbiosis in rotating biological contactor treating mariculture wastewater.},
journal = {Bioresource technology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {131872},
doi = {10.1016/j.biortech.2024.131872},
pmid = {39581480},
issn = {1873-2976},
abstract = {An algal-bacterial symbiosis (ABS) system was developed on a rotating biological contactor treating mariculture wastewater, and its nitrogen removal, enzymatic activity and metabolic pathways were investigated under different light intensities. The nitrogen removal efficiency increased when light intensities ranged from 20 to 80 μE/(m[2]·s) but declined under 100 μE/(m[2]·s). Higher enzymatic activities under 80 μE/(m[2]·s) facilitated nitrogen conversion, light utilization, ATP supply and photosynthesis. Reactive oxygen species accumulation activated antioxidant pathways under 20 and 100 μE/(m[2]·s). Functional bacteria including Sedimentitalea, Thauera and Dechloromonas as well as Chlorella sorokinian, Dunaliella, Pleurosira laevis and Microcystis were enriched under 80 μE/(m[2]·s). Abundant photosynthesis-related genes (petC, Lca3/4 and atpH/A) supported energy supply and electron transport. Conversely, lower proportions of IDH3, gltB, and acnA/B under 20 and 100 μE/(m[2]·s) hindered tricarboxylic acid cycle, reducing NADPH and energy production. These results enhance the understanding on the effect of light intensity on ABS system treating mariculture wastewater.},
}
@article {pmid39581403,
year = {2024},
author = {Gao, M and Li, B and Zhang, K and Li, D and Chen, R and Elumalai, P and Gao, X and Wang, L and Zhu, X and Luo, J and Ji, J and Cui, J},
title = {Worldwide used bio-insecticides Cry1Ac toxin have no detrimental effects on E. balteatus but alter the symbiotic microbial communities.},
journal = {International journal of biological macromolecules},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {137995},
doi = {10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.137995},
pmid = {39581403},
issn = {1879-0003},
abstract = {Hoverflies, capable of abilities providing dual ecosystem services including pest control and pollination, are exposed to insecticidal proteins from transgenic plants via pollen and prey aphids. However, the effects of such exposures on hoverflies have never been adequately assessed. Here, we investigated impacts of the most widely used biotoxin Cry1Ac on a representative hoverfly species Episyrphus balteatus through food chain transmission and active toxin exposure. The results showed Cry1Ac can be transmitted into E. balteatus through feeding on Aphis gossypii reared by Bt insect-resistant cotton variety expressing the Cry1Ac toxin, but the biological parameters of E. balteatus including survival rate, growth, development, reproductive capacity, and detoxification-related gene expression, were not significantly affected. Furthermore, the exposure to high-dose Cry1Ac toxin (500 μg/mL) resulted in slight increase of 16.67 % in the activity of detoxification and antioxidant enzyme catalase in E. balteatus and inhibited the egg hatching, partially inducing stress responses. Notably, the exposure to Cry1Ac toxin disrupted the microbiota homeostasis in E. balteatus, and the relative abundances of three dominant symbiotic bacterial genera (Cosenzaea, Wolbachia, and Commensalibacter) in E. balteatus exhibited a 10 % ~ 40 % fluctuation under Cry1Ac toxin stress. Taken together, these results suggest Cry1Ac toxin is not lethal to E. balteatus, but it poses a potential threat to its endosymbiotic bacteria.},
}
@article {pmid39581302,
year = {2024},
author = {Johansson, A and Ho, NP and Takizawa, H},
title = {"Microbiome and Hemato-immune Aging".},
journal = {Experimental hematology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {104685},
doi = {10.1016/j.exphem.2024.104685},
pmid = {39581302},
issn = {1873-2399},
abstract = {Microbiome is a highly complex and diverse symbiotic component that undergoes dynamic changes with the organismal aging. Microbial perturbations, termed dysbiosis, exert strong influence on dysregulating the bone marrow niche and subsequently promoting the aging of hematopoietic and immune system. Besides, accumulating studies have revealed the substantial impact of intestinal microbiome on the initiation and progression of age-related hematologic alteration and diseases, such as clonal hematopoiesis and blood cancers. Current therapeutic approaches to restore the altered microbiome diversity target specific pathobionts and are demonstrated to improve clinical outcomes of anti-hematologic malignancy treatments. In this review, we discuss the interplay between the microbiome and the hemato-immune system during aging process. We also shed light on the emerging therapeutic strategies to tackle the dysbiosis for amelioration of aging and disease progression.},
}
@article {pmid39579986,
year = {2024},
author = {Tuor, M and Stappers, MHT and Desgardin, A and Ruchti, F and Sparber, F and Orr, SJ and Gow, NAR and LeibundGut-Landmann, S},
title = {Card9 and MyD88 differentially regulate Th17 immunity to the commensal yeast Malassezia in the murine skin.},
journal = {Mucosal immunology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.mucimm.2024.11.004},
pmid = {39579986},
issn = {1935-3456},
abstract = {The fungal community of the skin microbiome is dominated by a single genus, Malassezia. Besides its symbiotic lifestyle at the host interface, this commensal yeast has also been associated with diverse inflammatory skin diseases in humans and pet animals. Stable colonization is maintained by antifungal type 17 immunity. The mechanisms driving Th17 responses to Malassezia remain, however, unclear. Here, we show that the C-type lectin receptors Mincle, Dectin-1, and Dectin-2 recognize conserved patterns in the cell wall of Malassezia and induce dendritic cell activation in vitro, while only Dectin-2 is required for Th17 activation during experimental skin colonization in vivo. In contrast, Toll-like receptor recognition was redundant in this context. Instead, inflammatory IL-1 family cytokines signaling via MyD88 were also implicated in Th17 activation in a T cell-intrinsic manner. Taken together, we characterized the pathways contributing to protective immunity against the most abundant member of the skin mycobiome. This knowledge contributes to the understanding of barrier immunity and its regulation by commensals and is relevant considering how aberrant immune responses are associated with severe skin pathologies.},
}
@article {pmid39579890,
year = {2024},
author = {Jia, Y and Huan, H and Zhang, W and Wan, B and Sun, J and Tu, Z},
title = {Soil infiltration mechanisms under plant root disturbance in arid and semi-arid grasslands and the response of solute transport in rhizosphere soil.},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {177633},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.177633},
pmid = {39579890},
issn = {1879-1026},
abstract = {The symbiotic relationship between plant roots and soil infiltration is of great significance for sustainable development of the agriculture and forestry. Through detailed summary of the relationship between root morphological parameters and soil infiltration rates in arid and semi-arid grasslands mainly with leguminous herbs, gramineous herbs and shrubs, the mechanisms that key parameters (root length density, surface area density, diameter, biomass density, architecture, secretion and decay rate) disturb soil infiltration through affecting soil structure such as porosity, soil bulk density and soil organic matter (SOM) are elucidated. Furthermore, the degree of root disturbance on soil structure and infiltration rates are partially clarified by constructing quantitatively structural equation modeling path diagrams. The results show roots have the most significant effect to increase soil infiltration rates through increasing non-capillary pores, contributing to >50 % of the positive effect. In contrast, the increased SOM influenced by roots can obstruct soil infiltration and offset about 25 % of the positive effects. In addition, the impact of root disturbance on transport of nutrients, pesticide and pathogenic microorganisms in rhizosphere soil is also discussed to analyze the potential influence on food and water environmental safety. The presence of roots reduces the amount of leachate-prone nutrients, but their disturbance increases the rate of soil infiltration thus accelerates transport of solutes into deeper soil. Meanwhile, the rhizosphere alters the environmental behavior of pesticides and pathogenic microorganisms, increasing risk of plant roots exposure to them. At present, systematically quantifying the interference of plant roots on soil structure and soil infiltration capacity remains a major challenge. It is necessary to further improve the research methodology and strengthen the study of root soil interaction mechanisms, providing scientific basis and technical support for sustainable agricultural development and ecological environment protection.},
}
@article {pmid39579797,
year = {2024},
author = {Parisot, N and Ribeiro Lopes, M and Peignier, S and Baa-Puyoulet, P and Charles, H and Calevro, F and Callaerts, P},
title = {Annotation of transcription factors, chromatin-associated factors, and basal transcription machinery in the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum, and development of the ATFdb database, a resource for studies of transcriptional regulation.},
journal = {Insect biochemistry and molecular biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {104217},
doi = {10.1016/j.ibmb.2024.104217},
pmid = {39579797},
issn = {1879-0240},
abstract = {The pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum, is an emerging model system in functional and comparative genomics, in part due to the availability of new genomic approaches and the different sequencing and annotation efforts that the community has dedicated to this important crop pest insect. The pea aphid is also used as a model to study fascinating biological traits of aphids, such as their extensive polyphenisms, their bacteriocyte-confined nutritional symbiosis, or their adaptation to the highly unbalanced diet represented by phloem sap. To get insights into the molecular basis of all these processes, it is important to have an appropriate annotation of transcription factors (TFs), which would enable the reconstruction/inference of gene regulatory networks in aphids. Using the latest version of the A. pisum genome assembly and annotation, which represents the first chromosome-level pea aphid genome, we annotated the complete repertoire of A. pisum TFs and complemented this information by annotating genes encoding chromatin-associated and basal transcription machinery proteins. These annotations were done combining information from the model Drosophila melanogaster, for which we also provide a revisited list of these proteins, and de novo prediction. The comparison between the two model systems allowed the identification of major losses or expansions in each genome, while a deeper analysis was made of ZNF TFs (with certain families expanded in the pea aphid), and the Hox gene cluster (showing reorganization in gene position in the pea aphid compared to D. melanogaster). All annotations are available to the community through the Aphid Transcription Factors database (ATFdb), consolidating the various annotations we generated. ATFdb serves as a valuable resource for gene regulation studies in aphids.},
}
@article {pmid39579072,
year = {2024},
author = {Prakash, A and Wang, Y},
title = {De Novo Long-Read Genome Assembly and Annotation of the Mosquito Gut-dwelling Fungus, Smittium minutisporum.},
journal = {Genome biology and evolution},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/gbe/evae259},
pmid = {39579072},
issn = {1759-6653},
abstract = {Mosquito guts host a variety of microbes, yet fungi are often overlooked. Smittium (Harpellales, Zoopagomycota) comprises numerous species that are obligate symbionts residing in the hindgut of mosquito larvae. Despite their association with pathogen-bearing vectors, these fungal symbionts remain understudied, largely due to the lack of high-quality genome resources. This limitation has impeded a deeper understanding of their genome biology and adaptive strategies in relation to their mosquito hosts, which may hold significant epidemiological implications. To address this gap, we generated the first reference-quality genome assembly for this group of fungi, using PacBio HiFi long-reads for an axenic culture of Smittium minutisporum, originally isolated from the eastern treehole mosquito, Aedes Triseriatus. The genome assembly consists of 53 contigs, spanning a total length of 32.5 Mb, and is predicted to encode 8,254 protein-coding genes, with repetitive regions constituting 25.22% of the genome. Notably, despite being highly contiguous and gap-free, the BUSCO analysis suggests a completeness score of 71.8%, implying unusual genome features, possibly shaped by adaptation and specialization within the mosquito gut. This high-quality genome resource will be invaluable for advancing our understanding of mosquito gut-dwelling fungi, their natural history, and their cryptic symbiosis with insect hosts.},
}
@article {pmid39578727,
year = {2024},
author = {Ang'ang'o, LM and Herren, JK and Tastan Bishop, &#xd6;},
title = {Bioinformatics analysis of the Microsporidia sp. MB genome: a malaria transmission-blocking symbiont of the Anopheles arabiensis mosquito.},
journal = {BMC genomics},
volume = {25},
number = {1},
pages = {1132},
pmid = {39578727},
issn = {1471-2164},
mesh = {*Anopheles/microbiology/parasitology/genetics ; Animals ; *Microsporidia/genetics ; *Symbiosis ; *Computational Biology/methods ; *Genome, Fungal ; Malaria/transmission ; Phylogeny ; Mosquito Vectors/microbiology/genetics ; Genomics/methods ; RNA Interference ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The use of microsporidia as a disease-transmission-blocking tool has garnered significant attention. Microsporidia sp. MB, known for its ability to block malaria development in mosquitoes, is an optimal candidate for supplementing malaria vector control methods. This symbiont, found in Anopheles mosquitoes, can be transmitted both vertically and horizontally with minimal effects on its mosquito host. Its genome, recently sequenced from An. arabiensis, comprises a compact 5.9 Mbp.<br><br>RESULTS: Here, we analyze the Microsporidia sp. MB genome, highlighting its major genomic features, gene content, and protein function. The genome contains 2247 genes, predominantly encoding enzymes. Unlike other members of the Enterocytozoonida group, Microsporidia sp. MB has retained most of the genes in the glycolytic pathway. Genes involved in RNA interference (RNAi) were also identified, suggesting a mechanism for host immune suppression. Importantly, meiosis-related genes (MRG) were detected, indicating potential for sexual reproduction in this organism. Comparative analyses revealed similarities with its closest relative, Vittaforma corneae, despite key differences in host interactions.<br><br>CONCLUSION: This study provides an in-depth analysis of the newly sequenced Microsporidia sp. MB genome, uncovering its unique adaptations for intracellular parasitism, including retention of essential metabolic pathways and RNAi machinery. The identification of MRGs suggests the possibility of sexual reproduction, offering insights into the symbiont's evolutionary strategies. Establishing a reference genome for Microsporidia sp. MB sets the foundation for future studies on its role in malaria transmission dynamics and host-parasite interactions.},
}
@article {pmid39577053,
year = {2024},
author = {Chen, Q and Ou, Z and Lv, H},
title = {Cadmium toxicity in blueberry cultivation and the role of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi.},
journal = {Ecotoxicology and environmental safety},
volume = {288},
number = {},
pages = {117364},
doi = {10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.117364},
pmid = {39577053},
issn = {1090-2414},
abstract = {Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic heavy metal that interferes with essential metabolic pathways crucial for plant growth, often resulting in toxicity and plant death. Blueberry plants exhibit metabolic adaptations to mitigate the stress caused by elevated Cd levels. In this review, we highlighted the effects of Cd-induced stress on blueberry plants and explored the potential alleviating effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). Cd uptake disrupts plant metabolism and impacts primary and secondary metabolites, including anthocyanins, which play a role in defense mechanisms against pathogens. Hence, Cd-induced stress alters anthocyanin levels in blueberry leaves, negatively affecting antioxidant defense mechanisms and hindering growth. Conversely, AMF establishes a symbiotic relationship with blueberry plants, promoting nutrient absorption and enhancing stress tolerance. Understanding the association between Cd stress, anthocyanin responses in blueberries, and AMF-mediated mitigation is crucial for developing integrated strategies to enhance blueberry plant health and improve quality. Employing AMF to remediate metal-related stress represents a significant breakthrough for sustainable crop production in a Cd-contaminated environment.},
}
@article {pmid39576133,
year = {2024},
author = {Kim, H and Ahn, J and Kim, J and Kang, H-S},
title = {Metagenomic insights and biosynthetic potential of Candidatus Entotheonella symbiont associated with Halichondria marine sponges.},
journal = {Microbiology spectrum},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e0235524},
doi = {10.1128/spectrum.02355-24},
pmid = {39576133},
issn = {2165-0497},
abstract = {Korea, being surrounded by the sea, provides a rich habitat for marine sponges, which have been a prolific source of bioactive natural products. Although a diverse array of structurally novel natural products has been isolated from Korean marine sponges, their biosynthetic origins remain largely unknown. To explore the biosynthetic potential of Korean marine sponges, we conducted metagenomic analyses of sponges inhabiting the East Sea of Korea. This analysis revealed a symbiotic association of Candidatus Entotheonella bacteria with Halichondria sponges. Here, we report a new chemically rich Entotheonella variant, which we named Ca. Entotheonella halido. Remarkably, this symbiont makes up 69% of the microbial community in the sponge Halichondira dokdoensis. Genome-resolved metagenomics enabled us to obtain a high-quality Ca. E. halido genome, which represents the largest (12 Mb) and highest quality among previously reported Entotheonella genomes. We also identified the biosynthetic gene cluster (BGC) of the known sponge-derived Halicylindramides from the Ca. E. halido genome, enabling us to determine their biosynthetic origin. This new symbiotic association expands the host diversity and biosynthetic potential of metabolically talented bacterial genus Ca. Entotheonella symbionts.IMPORTANCEOur study reports the discovery of a new bacterial symbiont Ca. Entotheonella halido associated with the Korean marine sponge Halichondria dokdoensis. Using genome-resolved metagenomics, we recovered a high-quality Ca. E. halido MAG (Metagenome-Assembled Genome), which represents the largest and most complete Ca. Entotheonella MAG reported to date. Pangenome and BGC network analyses revealed a remarkably high BGC diversity within the Ca. Entotheonella pangenome, with almost no overlapping BGCs between different MAGs. The cryptic and genetically unique BGCs present in the Ca. Entotheonella pangenome represents a promising source of new bioactive natural products.},
}
@article {pmid39575929,
year = {2024},
author = {Ma, Y and Zhang, S},
title = {Synergistic Effects of Three-Species Symbiosis in Spiders.},
journal = {Integrative zoology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/1749-4877.12919},
pmid = {39575929},
issn = {1749-4877},
support = {32370530//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; },
abstract = {A schematic illustration depicts the symbiotic relationships between arthropod predators, featuring a Cyrtophora host and its two guests: the orb-weaving Leucauge and the kleptoparasitic Argyrodes (Photo: Po Peng).},
}
@article {pmid39574452,
year = {2024},
author = {Hixson, KK and Meng, Q and Moinuddin, SGA and Kwon, M and Costa, MA and Cort, JR and Davin, LB and Bell, CJ and Lewis, NG},
title = {RNA-seq and metabolomic analyses of beneficial plant phenol biochemical pathways in red alder.},
journal = {Frontiers in plant science},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1349635},
pmid = {39574452},
issn = {1664-462X},
abstract = {Red alder (Alnus rubra) has highly desirable wood, dye pigment, and (traditional) medicinal properties which have been capitalized on for thousands of years, including by Pacific West Coast Native Americans. A rapidly growing tree species native to North American western coastal and riparian regions, it undergoes symbiosis with actinobacterium Frankia via their nitrogen-fixing root nodules. Red alder's desirable properties are, however, largely attributed to its bioactive plant phenol metabolites, including for plant defense, for its attractive wood and bark coloration, and various beneficial medicinal properties. Integrated transcriptome and metabolome data analyses were carried out using buds, leaves, stems, roots, and root nodules from greenhouse grown red alder saplings with samples collected during different time-points (Spring, Summer, and Fall) of the growing season. Pollen and catkins were collected from field grown mature trees. Overall plant phenol biochemical pathways operative in red alder were determined, with a particular emphasis on potentially identifying candidates for the long unknown gateway entry points to the proanthocyanidin (PA) and ellagitannin metabolic classes, as well as in gaining better understanding of the biochemical basis of diarylheptanoid formation, i.e. that help define red alder's varied medicinal uses, and its extensive wood and dye usage.},
}
@article {pmid39574446,
year = {2024},
author = {El-Sappah, AH and Li, J and Yan, K and Zhu, C and Huang, Q and Zhu, Y and Chen, Y and El-Tarabily, KA and AbuQamar, SF},
title = {Fibrillin gene family and its role in plant growth, development, and abiotic stress.},
journal = {Frontiers in plant science},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1453974},
pmid = {39574446},
issn = {1664-462X},
abstract = {Fibrillins (FBNs), highly conserved plastid lipid-associated proteins (PAPs), play a crucial role in plant physiology. These proteins, encoded by nuclear genes, are prevalent in the plastoglobules (PGs) of chloroplasts. FBNs are indispensable for maintaining plastid stability, promoting plant growth and development, and enhancing stress responses. The conserved PAP domain of FBNs was found across a wide range of photosynthetic organisms, from plants and cyanobacteria. FBN families are classified into 12 distinct groups/clades, with the 12th group uniquely present in algal-fungal symbiosis. This mini review delves into the structural attributes, phylogenetic classification, genomic features, protein-protein interactions, and functional roles of FBNs in plants, with a special focus on their effectiveness in mitigating abiotic stresses, particularly drought stress.},
}
@article {pmid39574445,
year = {2024},
author = {Mundra, S and Morsy, M},
title = {Editorial: Applicative and ecological aspects of mycorrhizal symbioses.},
journal = {Frontiers in plant science},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1510941},
pmid = {39574445},
issn = {1664-462X},
}
@article {pmid39570950,
year = {2024},
author = {Banse, M and Hanssen, N and Sabbe, J and Lecchini, D and Donaldson, TJ and Iwankow, G and Lagant, A and Parmentier, E},
title = {Same calls, different meanings: Acoustic communication of Holocentridae.},
journal = {PloS one},
volume = {19},
number = {11},
pages = {e0312191},
pmid = {39570950},
issn = {1932-6203},
mesh = {Animals ; *Vocalization, Animal/physiology ; *Acoustics ; Animal Communication ; Sound ; Fishes/physiology ; },
abstract = {The literature on sound production behaviours in fish in the wild is quite sparse. In several taxa, associations between different sound types and given behaviours have been reported. In the Holocentridae, past nomenclature of the different sound types (knocks, growls, grunts, staccatos and thumps) has been confusing because it relies on the use of several terms that are not always based on fine descriptions. Our study aims to ascertain whether holocentrids can produce a variety of sounds in the wild and if these sounds are associated with specific behaviours. Additionally, we aim to determine whether sounds produced by hand-held specimens, a common methodology to record sounds in standardised conditions in fishes, could correspond to some sounds produced by free-swimming individuals in natural conditions. Our study shows that all holocentrid species are able to produce sounds in 6 behavioural contexts of both agonistic (conspecific and heterospecific chases, competition) and social signalling types (acceleration, broadcasting, body quivering), in addition to previously described mobbing towards moray eels and symbiotic interactions with cleaner wrasses. In holocentrids, acoustic communication is not only based on single calls but can also involve series of sounds of different types that are arranged randomly. The large amount of combinations within acoustical events for each behaviour, resulting from both the quantity of sounds and their diversity, supports the absence of stereotypy. This suggests that sounds are produced to reinforce visual communication during the day in this family. Our results also suggest that sounds recorded by hand-held fishes are produced naturally in the wild. Our study challenges past nomenclatures and demonstrates sound critical function in augmenting visual communication, advancing our comprehension of acoustic ecology in teleost species.},
}
@article {pmid39570444,
year = {2024},
author = {Dezfouli, MA and Rashidi, SK and Yazdanfar, N and Khalili, H and Goudarzi, M and Saadi, A and Kiani Deh Kiani, A},
title = {The emerging roles of neuroactive components produced by gut microbiota.},
journal = {Molecular biology reports},
volume = {52},
number = {1},
pages = {1},
pmid = {39570444},
issn = {1573-4978},
mesh = {Humans ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome/physiology ; *Neurotransmitter Agents/metabolism ; Animals ; *Brain-Gut Axis/physiology ; Central Nervous System/metabolism/physiology ; Intestinal Mucosa/metabolism/microbiology ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: As a multifunctional ecosystem, the human digestive system contains a complex network of microorganisms, collectively known as gut microbiota. This consortium composed of more than 10[13] microorganisms and Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes are the dominant microbes. Gut microbiota is increasingly recognized for its critical role in physiological processes beyond digestion. Gut microbiota participates in a symbiotic relationship with the host and takes advantage of intestinal nutrients and mutually participates in the digestion of complex carbohydrates and maintaining intestinal functions.<br><br>METHOD AND RESULT: We reviewed the neuroactive components produced by gut microbiota. Interestingly, microbiota plays a crucial role in regulating the activity of the intestinal lymphatic system, regulation of the intestinal epithelial barrier, and maintaining the tolerance to food immunostimulating molecules. The gut-brain axis is a two-way communication pathway that links the gut microbiota to the central nervous system (CNS) and importantly is involved in neurodevelopment, cognition, emotion and synaptic transmissions. The connections between gut microbiota and CNS are via endocrine system, immune system and vagus nerve.<br><br>CONCLUSION: The gut microbiota produces common neurotransmitters and neuromodulators of the nervous system. These compounds play a role in neuronal functions, immune system regulation, gastrointestinal homeostasis, permeability of the blood brain barrier and other physiological processes. This review investigates the essential aspects of the neurotransmitters and neuromodulators produced by gut microbiota and their implications in health and disease.},
}
@article {pmid39570026,
year = {2024},
author = {Waterworth, SC and Solomons, GM and Kalinski, J-CJ and Madonsela, LS and Parker-Nance, S and Dorrington, RA},
title = {The unique and enigmatic spirochete symbiont of latrunculid sponges.},
journal = {mSphere},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e0084524},
doi = {10.1128/msphere.00845-24},
pmid = {39570026},
issn = {2379-5042},
abstract = {Bacterial symbionts are critical members of many marine sponge holobionts. Some sponge-associated bacterial lineages, such as Poribacteria, sponge-associated unclassified lineage (SAUL), and Tethybacterales, appear to have broad-host ranges and associate with a diversity of sponge species, while others are more species-specific, having adapted to the niche environment of their host. Host-associated spirochete symbionts that are numerically dominant have been documented in several invertebrates including termites, starfish, and corals. However, dominant spirochete populations are rare in marine sponges, having thus far been observed only in Clathrina clathrus and various species within the Latrunculiidae family, where they are co-dominant alongside Tethybacterales symbionts. This study aimed to characterize these spirochetes and their potential role in the host sponge. Analysis of metagenome-assembled genomes from eight latrunculid sponges revealed that these unusual spirochetes are relatively recent symbionts and are phylogenetically distinct from other sponge-associated spirochetes. Functional comparative analysis suggests that the host sponge may have selected for these spirochetes due to their ability to produce terpenoids and/or possible structural contributions.IMPORTANCESouth African latrunculid sponges are host to co-dominant Tethybacterales and Spirochete symbionts. While the Tethybacterales are broad-host range symbionts, the spirochetes have not been reported as abundant in any other marine sponge except Clathrina clathrus. However, spirochetes are regularly the most dominant populations in marine corals and terrestrial invertebrates where they are predicted to serve as beneficial symbionts. Here, we interrogated eight metagenome-assembled genomes of the latrunculid-associated spirochetes and found that these symbionts are phylogenetically distinct from all invertebrate-associated spirochetes. The symbiosis between the spirochetes and their sponge host appears to have been established relatively recently.},
}
@article {pmid39568770,
year = {2024},
author = {Guéganton, M and Methou, P and Aubé, J and Noël, C and Rouxel, O and Cueff-Gauchard, V and Gayet, N and Durand, L and Pradillon, F and Cambon-Bonavita, MA},
title = {Symbiont Acquisition Strategies in Post-Settlement Stages of Two Co-Occurring Deep-Sea Rimicaris Shrimp.},
journal = {Ecology and evolution},
volume = {14},
number = {11},
pages = {e70369},
pmid = {39568770},
issn = {2045-7758},
abstract = {At deep-sea hydrothermal vents, deprived of light, most living communities are fueled by chemosynthetic microorganisms. These can form symbiotic associations with metazoan hosts, which are then called holobionts. Among these, two endemic co-occurring shrimp of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (MAR), Rimicaris exoculata and Rimicaris chacei are colonized by dense and diversified chemosynthetic symbiotic communities in their cephalothoracic cavity and their digestive system. Although both shrimp harbor similar communities, they exhibit widely different population densities, distribution patterns at small scale and diet, as well as differences in post-settlement morphological modifications leading to the adult stage. These contrasting biological traits may be linked to their symbiotic development success. Consequently, key questions related to the acquisition of the symbiotic communities and the development of the three symbiotic organs are still open. Here we examined symbiotic development in juveniles of R. exoculata and R. chacei from TAG and Snake Pit using 16S metabarcoding to identify which symbiotic lineages are present at each juvenile stage. In addition, we highlighted the abundance and distribution of microorganisms at each stage using Fluorescence in situ Hybridization (FISH) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). For the first time, Candidatus Microvillispirillaceae family with Candidatus Rimicarispirillum spp. (midgut tube), Candidatus Foregutplasma rimicarensis and Candidatus BG2-rimicarensis (foregut) were identified in late juvenile stages. However, these lineages were absent in early juvenile stages, which coincides for the midgut tube with our observations of an immature tissue, devoid of microvilli. Conversely, symbiotic lineages from the cephalothoracic cavity were present from the earliest juvenile stages of both species and their overall diversities were similar to those of adults. These results suggest different symbiont acquisition dynamics between the cephalothoracic cavity and the digestive system, which may also involve distinct transmission mechanisms.},
}
@article {pmid39566496,
year = {2024},
author = {Howard, NOA and Williams, A and Durant, E and Pressel, S and Daniell, TJ and Field, KJ},
title = {Preferential nitrogen and carbon exchange dynamics in Mucoromycotina "fine root endophyte"-plant symbiosis.},
journal = {Current biology : CB},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.cub.2024.10.028},
pmid = {39566496},
issn = {1879-0445},
abstract = {Mucoromycotina "fine root endophyte" (MFRE) fungi are an understudied group of plant symbionts that regularly co-occur with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. The functional significance of MFRE in plant nutrition remains underexplored, particularly their role in plant nitrogen (N) assimilation from the variety of sources typically found in soils. Using four [15]N-labeled N sources to track N transfer between MFRE and Plantago lanceolata, applied singly and in tandem, we investigated N source discrimination, preference, and transfer to host plants by MFRE. We traced movement of [14]C from plants to MFRE to determine the impact of N source type on plant carbon (C) allocation to MFRE. We found that MFRE preferentially transferred N derived from glycine and ammonium to plant hosts over that derived from nitrate and urea, regardless of other N sources present. MFRE mycelium supplied with glycine and ammonium contained more plant-derived carbon than those supplied with other N sources. We show that the MFRE directly assimilates and metabolizes organic compounds, retaining C to meet its own metabolic requirements and transferring N to plant hosts. Our findings highlight diversity in the function of endomycorrhizal associations, with potentially profound implications for our understanding of the physiology and ecology of plant-fungal symbioses.},
}
@article {pmid39565462,
year = {2024},
author = {Zheng, J and Zeng, H and Zhang, Q and Ma, Y and Li, Y and Lin, J and Yang, Q},
title = {Effects of intranasal administration with a symbiotic strain of Bacillus velezensis NSV2 on nasal cavity mucosal barrier in lambs.},
journal = {Veterinary research communications},
volume = {49},
number = {1},
pages = {21},
pmid = {39565462},
issn = {1573-7446},
support = {BK20200536//the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province/ ; SCKJ-JYRC-2022-31//the Project of Sanya Yazhou Bay Science and Technology City/ ; 32072835//the National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Bacillus/physiology ; *Probiotics/administration &amp; dosage/pharmacology ; *Nasal Mucosa/microbiology ; Sheep ; *Administration, Intranasal ; Nasal Cavity/microbiology ; },
abstract = {The nasal mucosa is composed of multiple layers of barrier structures and is the first line of defense against infection by respiratory pathogenic microorganisms. A large number of commensal microorganisms are present in the nasal mucosa that mediate and regulate nasal mucosal barrier function. The objective of this research was to investigate the effects of commensal microorganisms on the nasal mucosal barrier. The results revealed that the strain of Bacillus velezensis (B. velezensis) NSV2 from the nasal cavity has good probiotic abilities to resist Pasteurella multocida, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium. Lambs were subsequently administered intranasally with B. velezensis NSV2 at 3, 12, 21, and 26 days old, respectively. For the microbial barrier, although B. velezensis NSV2 reduces the diversity of nasal microbiota, it significantly increased the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria in the nasal cavity, and reduced the abundance of potential pathogenic bacteria. For the mucus barrier, the number of goblet cells in the nasal mucosa significantly increased after B. velezensis NSV2 treatment. For the immune barrier, B. velezensis NSV2 also significantly increased the number of IgA[+] B cells, CD3[+] T cells and dendritic cells in the nasal mucosa, as well as the mRNA expression of interleukin (IL) 6, IL11, CCL2, and CCL20 (P < 0.05). The protein level of CCL20 also significantly raised in nasal washings (P < 0.05). Moreover, the heat-inactivated and culture products of B. velezensis NSV2 also drastically induced the expression of CCL20 in nasal mucosa explants (P < 0.05), but lower than that of the live bacteria. This study demonstrated that a symbiotic strain of B. velezensis NSV2 could improve the nasal mucosal barrier, and emphasized the important role of nasal symbiotic microbiota.},
}
@article {pmid39564484,
year = {2024},
author = {Wang, Y and Xie, J and Feng, Z and Ma, L and Wu, W and Guo, C and He, J},
title = {Genomic insights into the cold adaptation and secondary metabolite potential of Pseudoalteromonas sp. WY3 from Antarctic krill.},
journal = {Frontiers in microbiology},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1459716},
pmid = {39564484},
issn = {1664-302X},
abstract = {In the Antarctic marine ecosystem, krill play a pivotal role, yet the intricate microbial community intertwined with these diminutive crustaceans remains largely unmapped. In this study, we successfully isolated and characterized a unique bacterial strain, Pseudoalteromonas sp. WY3, from Antarctic krill. Genomic analysis revealed that WY3 harbors a multitude of genes associated with cold shock proteins, oxidoreductases, and enzymes involved in the osmotic stress response, equipping it with a robust molecular arsenal to withstand frigid Antarctic conditions. Furthermore, the presence of two distinct biosynthesis-related gene clusters suggests that WY3 has the potential to synthesize diverse secondary metabolites, including aryl polyenes and ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptides. Notably, the identification of genes encoding enzymes crucial for biological immunity pathways, such as apeH and ubiC, hints at a complex symbiotic relationship between WY3 and its krill host. This comprehensive study highlights the robust potential of WY3 for secondary metabolite production and its remarkable ability to thrive at extremely low temperatures in the Antarctic ecosystem, shedding light on the interplay between culturable microorganisms and their hosts in harsh environments, and providing insights into the underexplored microbial communities associated with Antarctic marine organisms and their role in environmental adaptation and biotechnological applications.},
}
@article {pmid39563157,
year = {2024},
author = {Kuksova, EV and Kostyleva, EV and Sereda, AS and Toloknova, AA and Fursova, EA and Volkova, GS},
title = {[Improving the technology for obtaining an ingredient with probiotic properties using a new complex proteolytic enzyme preparation].},
journal = {Voprosy pitaniia},
volume = {93},
number = {5},
pages = {142-152},
doi = {10.33029/0042-8833-2024-93-5-142-152},
pmid = {39563157},
issn = {0042-8833},
support = {No. FGMF-2022-0006//The research was carried out within the framework of the state assignment/ ; },
mesh = {*Probiotics/pharmacology ; *Bifidobacterium/growth &amp; development/enzymology ; Aspergillus oryzae/enzymology/growth &amp; development ; Peptide Hydrolases/metabolism ; Whey Proteins/pharmacology/chemistry ; Culture Media/chemistry ; },
abstract = {The development of technologies for producing bacterial concentrates and enzyme preparations using domestic microbial strains is an urgent task. The use of whey protein hydrolysates as components of nutrient media for probiotic bacteria consortia for the cultivation of lactic acid and bifidobacteria makes it possible to improve and develop innovative processes for obtaining bacterial concentrates with the required functional properties for the production of dietary supplements. A consortium of probiotic microorganisms (lactic acid and bifidobacteria) was created in the All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Food Biotechnology as a starter culture for specialized dairy products. Using strain Aspergillus oryzae 21-154 LAP a new complex enzyme preparation with a laboratory name Protoorizin LAP has been obtained providing the extensive hydrolysis of protein substrates. The purpose of the research was to evaluate the possibility of using the new domestic proteolytic enzyme preparation Protoorizin LAP in preparing whey-based nutrient media for culturing a consortium of probiotic microorganisms to obtain bacterial concentrates. Material and methods. The object of the research was a symbiotic consortium, including lactic acid bacteria strains (Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus Д-16, Lactobacillus plantarum 578/25, Lactobacillus helveticus 842(D)-2, Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis М-12, Streptococcus thermophilus В-92) and bifidobacteria (Bifidobacterium longum Б-2). Unclarified curd whey and whey protein concentrate were taken as the nutrient medium basis. The media were treated with β-galactosidase to reduce the lactose content. In order to hydrolyze proteins, the control culture medium was treated with commercial preparations: serine protease - Alcalase® 2.4 L and leucine aminopeptidase - Flavourzyme® 1000 L. In the experimental medium, two imported preparations were replaced with a laboratory sample of the enzyme preparation Protoorizin LAP. In the prepared nutrient media, the content of amine nitrogen, free amino acids and soluble protein was determined, and electrophoretic analysis of proteins and peptides was carried out. The consortium growth was monitored by the content of dry substances and reducing sugars, by active and titratable acidity, as well as by microscopy. The number of viable cells of lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria at the end of fermentation and in the resulting bacterial concentrates were determined by sieving on the appropriate selective agar media using an automatic colony counter. Results. The effectiveness of Protoorizin LAP in the hydrolysis of whey proteins significantly exceeded the result of the combined action of Alcalase® 2.4 L and Flavourzyme® 1000 L both in terms of reducing the undigested protein content, including immunogenic fractions, and in terms of the yield of soluble protein, amine nitrogen and amino acids. The nutrient media obtained using proteases ensured good growth and development of the probiotic consortium. Due to the high content of free amino acids, the dynamics of carbohydrate consumption, titratable acidity, and the number of viable cells were higher in the medium obtained using Protoorizin LAP than when using commercial preparations. At the same time, a high titer of probiotic strains and good cultural and morphological characteristics were obtained on all media. The experimental preparation Protoorizin LAP provided the increase in viability of bacterial cells after lyophilization. Conclusion. The technological method that include application of the new proteolytic preparation Protoorizin LAP in preparing nutrient media based on whey proteins was developed. The method can be used in the technology of producing bacterial concentrates at the stage of culturing of the created lactic acid and bifidobacteria consortium. The bacterial concentrate can be recommended as a recipe ingredient in the manufacture of dietary supplements or foods for special dietary uses containing probiotics.},
}
@article {pmid39563063,
year = {2024},
author = {Acuña-Rodríguez, IS and Ballesteros, GI and Gundel, PE and Castro-Nallar, E and Barrera, A and Carrasco-Urra, F and Molina-Montenegro, MA},
title = {Fungal endophyte symbionts enhance plant adaptation in Antarctic habitats.},
journal = {Physiologia plantarum},
volume = {176},
number = {6},
pages = {e14589},
doi = {10.1111/ppl.14589},
pmid = {39563063},
issn = {1399-3054},
support = {ACT192057//ANID-PIA-Anillo/ ; RG_21_!8//Instituto Ant&#xe1;rtico Chileno INACH/ ; 3180441//Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Cient&#xed;fico y Tecnol&#xf3;gico/ ; },
mesh = {*Endophytes/physiology ; *Symbiosis/physiology ; Antarctic Regions ; *Ecosystem ; *Adaptation, Physiological/genetics ; Fungi/physiology ; Plant Roots/microbiology/physiology ; },
abstract = {Despite their genetic adaptation to local conditions, plants often achieve ecological success through symbiotic associations with fungal endophytes. However, the habitat-specific functionality of these interactions and their potential to drive plant adaptation to new environments remain uncertain. In this study, we tested this using the vascular flora of the Antarctic tundra (Colobanthus quitensis and Deschampsia antarctica), an extreme environment where fungal endophytes are known for playing important ecological roles. After characterizing the root-associated fungal endophyte communities of both species in two distinct Antarctic terrestrial habitats-hill and coast-we experimentally assessed the contribution of fungal endophytes to plant adaptation in each habitat. The field reciprocal transplant experiment involved removing endophytes from a set of plants and crossing symbiotic status (with and without endophytes) with habitat for both species, aiming to assess plant performance and fitness. The diversity of root fungal endophytes was similar between habitats and mainly explained by plant species, although habitat-specific endophyte community structures were identified in D. antarctica. Endophytes significantly influenced C. quitensis homeostatic regulation, including oxidative stress and osmotic control, as well as plant fitness in both environments. By contrast, the effect of endophytes on D. antarctica was particularly evident in coastal sites, suggesting an endophyte-mediated improvement in local adaptation. Altogether, our results suggest that the two Antarctic vascular plant species follow different strategies in recruiting and developing functional symbiosis with root-associated fungal communities. While C. quitensis is more generalist, D. antarctica establishes specific interactions with habitat-specific microbial symbionts, predominantly in the most stressful environmental context.},
}
@article {pmid39563004,
year = {2024},
author = {Pereira, WJ and Conde, D and Perron, N and Schmidt, HW and Dervinis, C and Venado, RE and Ané, JM and Kirst, M},
title = {Investigating biological nitrogen fixation via single-cell transcriptomics.},
journal = {Journal of experimental botany},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/jxb/erae454},
pmid = {39563004},
issn = {1460-2431},
abstract = {The extensive use of nitrogen fertilizers has detrimental environmental consequences, and it is fundamental for society to explore sustainable alternatives. One promising avenue is engineering root nodule symbiosis, a naturally occurring process in certain plant species within the nitrogen-fixing clade, into non-leguminous crops. Advancements in single-cell transcriptomics provide unprecedented opportunities to dissect the molecular mechanisms underlying root nodule symbiosis at the cellular level. This review summarizes key findings from single-cell studies in Medicago truncatula, Lotus japonicus, and Glycine max. We highlight how these studies address fundamental questions about the development of root nodule symbiosis, including the following findings: Single-cell transcriptomics has revealed a conserved transcriptional program in root hair and cortical cells during rhizobial infection, suggesting a common infection pathway across legume species. Characterization of determinate and indeterminate nodules using single-cell technologies supports the compartmentalization of nitrogen fixation, assimilation, and transport into distinct cell populations. Single-cell transcriptomics data has enabled the identification of novel root nodule symbiosis genes and provided new approaches for prioritizing candidate genes for functional characterization. Trajectory inference and RNA velocity analyses of single-cell transcriptomics data have allowed the reconstruction of cellular lineages and dynamic transcriptional states during root nodule symbiosis.},
}
@article {pmid39562434,
year = {2024},
author = {Kedves, A and Haspel, H and Yavuz, &#xc7; and Kutus, B and Kónya, Z},
title = {A comparative study on the chronic responses of titanium dioxide nanoparticles on aerobic granular sludge and algal-bacterial granular sludge processes.},
journal = {Environmental science and pollution research international},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {39562434},
issn = {1614-7499},
abstract = {The chronic effects of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) on aerobic granular sludge (AGS) and algal-bacterial granular sludge (ABGS) was examined in this study. Sequencing batch bioreactors (SBRs) and photo sequencing batch bioreactors (PSBRs) were operated with synthetic wastewater containing 0, 1, 5, 10, 20, 30, and 50 mg L[-1] TiO2 NPs for 10 days. Nanoparticles at concentrations of 1 and 5 mg L[-1] did not impact nutrient removal but led to an increase in extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs), primarily in protein (PN). With increasing nanoparticle concentration, the negative effect became more pronounced, mainly in the AGS SBRs. At 50 mg L[-1] TiO2, chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonia-nitrogen (NH3-N), and phosphorus (PO4[3-]) removal decreased by 20.9%, 12.2%, and 35.1% in AGS, respectively, while in ABGS, they reached only 13.4%, 5.7%, and 14.2%. ABGS exhibited steady-state nutrient removal at 30 and 50 mg L[-1] TiO2 NPs after around 5 days. The higher microbial activity and EPS content in the sludge, coupled with the symbiotic relationship between algae and bacteria, contributed to the higher tolerance of ABGS to nanoparticles. Finally, although nanoparticles reduced biomass in both types of bioreactors, the accumulation of TiO2 NPs in the sludge, confirmed by Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis, and the absence of detectable titanium concentrations in the effluent wastewater, measured by Inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry, may be attributed to the specific operational conditions of this study, including the relatively short operation period (10 days) and high initial MLSS concentration (6 g L[-1]).},
}
@article {pmid39562330,
year = {2024},
author = {Higashi, CHV and Patel, V and Kamalaker, B and Inaganti, R and Bressan, A and Russell, JA and Oliver, KM},
title = {Another tool in the toolbox: Aphid-specific Wolbachia protect against fungal pathogens.},
journal = {Environmental microbiology},
volume = {26},
number = {11},
pages = {e70005},
doi = {10.1111/1462-2920.70005},
pmid = {39562330},
issn = {1462-2920},
support = {1754302//National Science Foundation/ ; 2109582//National Science Foundation/ ; 2240392//National Science Foundation/ ; },
mesh = {*Aphids/microbiology ; Animals ; *Wolbachia/physiology ; *Symbiosis ; Musa/microbiology ; },
abstract = {Aphids harbor nine common facultative symbionts, most mediating one or more ecological interactions. Wolbachia pipientis, well-studied in other arthropods, remains poorly characterized in aphids. In Pentalonia nigronervosa and P. caladii, global pests of banana, Wolbachia was initially hypothesized to function as a co-obligate nutritional symbiont alongside the traditional obligate Buchnera. However, genomic analyses failed to support this role. Our sampling across numerous populations revealed that more than 80% of Pentalonia aphids carried an M-supergroup strain of Wolbachia (wPni). The lack of fixation further supports a facultative status for Wolbachia, while high infection frequencies in these entirely asexual aphids strongly suggest Wolbachia confers net fitness benefits. Finding no correlation between Wolbachia presence and food plant use, we challenged Wolbachia-infected aphids with common natural enemies. Bioassays revealed that Wolbachia conferred significant protection against a specialized fungal pathogen (Pandora neoaphidis) but not against generalist pathogens or parasitoids. Wolbachia also improved aphid fitness in the absence of enemy challenge. Thus, we identified the first clear benefits for aphid-associated Wolbachia and M-supergroup strains specifically. Aphid-Wolbachia systems provide unique opportunities to merge key models of symbiosis to better understand infection dynamics and mechanisms underpinning symbiont-mediated phenotypes.},
}
@article {pmid39562078,
year = {2025},
author = {Xing, X and Liu, C and Zheng, L},
title = {Preparation of photo-crosslinked microalgae-carboxymethyl chitosan composite hydrogels for enhanced wound healing.},
journal = {Carbohydrate polymers},
volume = {348},
number = {Pt A},
pages = {122803},
doi = {10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122803},
pmid = {39562078},
issn = {1879-1344},
mesh = {*Chitosan/chemistry/analogs &amp; derivatives/pharmacology ; *Hydrogels/chemistry/pharmacology ; *Wound Healing/drug effects ; *Microalgae ; Animals ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology/chemistry ; Ciprofloxacin/pharmacology/chemistry ; Cross-Linking Reagents/chemistry ; Chlamydomonas reinhardtii/drug effects ; Biocompatible Materials/chemistry/pharmacology ; Mice ; },
abstract = {Integrating microalgae into wound dressings has proven effective in promoting chronic wound healing through photosynthesis-induced oxygen release. However, challenges such as high crosslinking temperatures and prolonged gel molding processes limit microalgae growth and reduce the overall therapeutic impact. In this work, inspired by cell-symbiotic photo-crosslinked hydrogels, we present a novel photo-crosslinked microalgae carboxymethyl chitosan composite hydrogel. This hydrogel completes crosslinking at room temperature within 30 s, enhancing chronic wound healing. The composite gel incorporates photosynthesizing unicellular microalgae (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii) and the antimicrobial agent ciprofloxacin during preparation. In light, the gel continues to photosynthesize, releasing oxygen while simultaneously acting as an antibacterial agent. This dual action results in the upregulation of CD31 and VEGFA levels and the downregulation of HIF-1α levels in diabetic wounds. The wound closure rate reached approximately 96.70 % on day 12 in the composite gel group, compared to only 78.98 % in the control group. Therefore, the composite gel promotes healing by reducing local hypoxia, encouraging angiogenesis, and lowering infection risk. These results suggest that photo-crosslinked microalgae composite gels provide an effective strategy for localized oxygen delivery to promote wound healing and offer a viable method for rapidly preparing living biomaterials under suitable conditions.},
}
@article {pmid39561795,
year = {2024},
author = {Martínez-Renau, E and Martín-Platero, AM and Barón, MD and García-Núñez, AJ and Martínez-Bueno, M and Ruiz-Castellano, C and Tomás, G and Soler, JJ},
title = {Colouration of the uropygial secretion in starling nestlings: a possible role of bacteria in parent-offspring communication.},
journal = {Proceedings. Biological sciences},
volume = {291},
number = {2035},
pages = {20241857},
doi = {10.1098/rspb.2024.1857},
pmid = {39561795},
issn = {1471-2954},
support = {//Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci&#xf3;n/ ; //Agencia Estatal de Investigaci&#xf3;n/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Starlings/physiology/metabolism ; Microbiota ; Pigmentation ; Animal Communication ; Bacteria/metabolism ; Color ; },
abstract = {The use of cosmetic substances in communication is widespread in animals. Birds, for instance, use their uropygial secretion as a cosmetic in scenarios of sexual selection and parent-offspring communication. This secretion harbours symbiotic bacteria that could mediate the synthesis of pigments for cosmetic colouration. Here, we investigate the association between bacteria and the conspicuous yellow secretion used by spotless starling (Sturnus unicolor) nestlings to stain their mouths, and hypothesize a possible role of bacteria in the colour production. We also experimentally explore how nestling oxidizing condition influences the microbiota, suggesting that the possible bacterial-mediated coloured secretion acts as a reliable honest signal. An antioxidant supplementation experiment, previously known to affect secretion and mouth colouration, was conducted to assess its impact on the microbial community of secretions from control and experimental siblings. Antioxidant supplementation increased richness and phylogenetic diversity of the secretion's microbiota. Moreover, the microbiota's alpha and beta diversity, and the abundance of two bacterial genera (Parabacteroides and Pseudogracilibacillus), correlated with secretion colour. These findings demonstrate that antioxidant condition influences the gland microbiota of starling nestlings, and suggest a link between bacteria and the colouration of their cosmetic secretion. Alternative explanations for the detected links between bacteria and colouration are discussed.},
}
@article {pmid39560239,
year = {2024},
author = {Ielegems, E and Spooren, A and Delooz, E and Vanrie, J},
title = {Empowering a Universal Design Course for the Built Environment: Exploring Learning Experiences Through an Interdisciplinary, Multicultural and Civic Approach.},
journal = {Studies in health technology and informatics},
volume = {320},
number = {},
pages = {183-190},
doi = {10.3233/SHTI241002},
pmid = {39560239},
issn = {1879-8365},
mesh = {Humans ; *Cultural Diversity ; Built Environment ; Universal Design ; Empowerment ; Curriculum ; },
abstract = {Promoting inclusion and diversity is essential for creating an inclusive built environment. Next to building knowledge and understanding on the topic, it is also crucial to foster inclusive attitudes and awareness for both personal and professional growth. In developing a new architectural course 'Designing with People', our goal was to elevate knowledge and understanding of an inclusive built environment as well as to create more awareness on inclusion and diversity, guided by the Universal Design paradigm. To achieve this, the authors established a civic approach and facilitated interdisciplinary, intercultural collaborations to create a symbiotic learning environment among international students Interior Architecture and Architecture, students Occupational Therapy, clients and user/experts. This paper explores the strategy for advancing universal design through collaboration and examines if and how a network of stakeholders can mutually benefit from shared learning experiences. To understand stakeholders' perspectives, the study utilizes reflection reports, surveys with open-ended questions, and self-assessment questionnaires. Results point to notable positive learning experiences in knowledge-sharing, way of working and thinking, a more nuanced view on people with disabilities and the synergistic combination of diverse perspectives, indicating that 1 + 1 = 3. While enhanced awareness among students on diversity and disability topics was less noticeable throughout the course, the intensive collaboration with international students from diverse geographical and cultural backgrounds seemed to increase awareness of other cultures and identities. The outcomes suggest that promoting mutual learning experiences among students from diverse disciplines together with other stakeholders, can not only enhance educational settings but also holds the potential to inform and improve universal design practices in various professional contexts. This opens up opportunities to significantly enrich the discourse on inclusion and universal design.},
}
@article {pmid39560031,
year = {2024},
author = {Yuruker, O and Yılmaz, &#x130; and Güvenir, M},
title = {The Symbiotic Defence: Lung Microbiota and The Local Immune System.},
journal = {The new microbiologica},
volume = {47},
number = {3},
pages = {195-200},
pmid = {39560031},
issn = {1121-7138},
mesh = {Humans ; *Lung/microbiology/immunology ; *Microbiota ; *Symbiosis ; Animals ; Immune System ; Bacteria/classification/isolation &amp; purification ; Lung Diseases/microbiology/immunology ; },
abstract = {Microbiota defines all microorganisms that are vital for our immunological, hormonal, and metabolic homeostasis by living symbiotically in different parts of our body. On the other hand, the microbiome is a collection of microorganisms that can be detected together. The lungs are constantly exposed to airborne microorganisms found in the upper respiratory tract. Until recently, the lower respiratory tract was considered sterile, as bacteria were rarely isolated from the lungs by conventional culture methods. Most chronic inflammatory lung diseases are caused by dysregulation of the lung microbiota, which has been discussed in many review papers. However, little is known whether microbiota dysymbiosis is a consequence or a cause of these diseases. In this review, we provide an overview of lung microbiota and lung immunity.},
}
@article {pmid39559543,
year = {2024},
author = {Waliaula, PK and Kiarie, EG and Diarra, MS},
title = {Predisposition factors and control strategies of avian pathogenic Escherichia coli in laying hens.},
journal = {Frontiers in veterinary science},
volume = {11},
number = {},
pages = {1474549},
pmid = {39559543},
issn = {2297-1769},
abstract = {Shift in laying hens housing from conventional cage-based systems to alternatives has impacted their health and performance. Microorganisms colonize young chick in the early stages of their physiological and immune development. These colonizing microbes originate from parent and the environment. Escherichia coli is among the normal gut colonizing bacteria however, some E. coli strains known as avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC), cause local or systemic infections (colibacillosis) responsible of significant economic losses to the poultry industry. Potential APEC strains and other poultry gut microbiota are influenced by several factors such as housing system, and the use of feed additives (prebiotics, probiotics, symbiotic, among others). This review will discuss the status of pullets and layers immunity, gut health, and predisposing factors of colibacillosis. Dietary interventions and some colibacillosis mitigation strategies in pullets and laying hens are reviewed and discussed. With the development of sequencing technologies and the use of feed additives as alternatives to antibiotics, future studies need to understand some of the complex associations between the feed additives, the rearing environment, and their selective pressure on gut microbiota, including E. coli, and their impacts on immune development in pullets and hens.},
}
@article {pmid39558079,
year = {2024},
author = {Sun, Y and Sheng, H and Rädecker, N and Lan, Y and Tong, H and Huang, L and Jiang, L and Diaz-Pulido, G and Zou, B and Zhang, Y and Kao, SJ and Qian, PY and Huang, H},
title = {Symbiodiniaceae algal symbionts of Pocillopora damicornis larvae provide more carbon to their coral host under elevated levels of acidification and temperature.},
journal = {Communications biology},
volume = {7},
number = {1},
pages = {1528},
pmid = {39558079},
issn = {2399-3642},
support = {42206153//National Science Foundation of China | National Natural Science Foundation of China-Yunnan Joint Fund (NSFC-Yunnan Joint Fund)/ ; 41906040//National Science Foundation of China | National Natural Science Foundation of China-Yunnan Joint Fund (NSFC-Yunnan Joint Fund)/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Anthozoa/physiology/metabolism/microbiology ; *Symbiosis ; *Carbon/metabolism ; *Larva/metabolism/growth &amp; development/physiology ; Photosynthesis ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Temperature ; Dinoflagellida/physiology/metabolism ; Climate Change ; Nitrogen/metabolism ; Seawater/microbiology/chemistry ; },
abstract = {Climate change destabilizes the symbiosis between corals and Symbiodiniaceae. The effects of ocean acidification and warming on critical aspects of coral survical such as symbiotic interactions (i.e., carbon and nitrogen assimilation and exchange) during the planula larval stage remain understudied. By combining physiological and stable isotope techniques, here we show that photosynthesis and carbon and nitrogen assimilation (H[13]CO3[-] and [15]NH4[+]) in Pocillopora damicornis coral larvae is enhanced under acidification (1000 µatm) and elevated temperature (32 °C). Larvae maintain high survival and settlement rates under these treatment conditions with no observed decline in symbiont densities or signs of bleaching. Acidification and elevated temperature both enhance the net and gross photosynthesis of Symbiodiniaceae. This enhances light respiration and elevates C:N ratios within the holobiont. The increased carbon availability is primarily reflected in the [13]C enrichment of the host, indicating a greater contribution of the algal symbionts to the host metabolism. We propose that this enhanced mutualistic symbiotic nutrient cycling may bolster coral larvae's resistance to future ocean conditions. This research broadens our understanding of the early life stages of corals by emphasizing the significance of symbiotic interactions beyond those of adult corals.},
}
@article {pmid39555692,
year = {2024},
author = {Silvestri, A and Ledford, WC and Fiorilli, V and Votta, C and Scerna, A and Tucconi, J and Mocchetti, A and Grasso, G and Balestrini, R and Jin, H and Rubio-Somoza, I and Lanfranco, L},
title = {A fungal sRNA silences a host plant transcription factor to promote arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis.},
journal = {The New phytologist},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/nph.20273},
pmid = {39555692},
issn = {1469-8137},
support = {CN_00000033//European Commission/ ; 945043//European Union's Horizon 2020/ ; //Universit&#xe0; degli Studi di Torino/ ; RTI2018-097262-B-I00//MCIN/AEI/ 10.13039/501100011033/ ; },
abstract = {Cross-kingdom RNA interference (ckRNAi) is a mechanism of interspecies communication where small RNAs (sRNAs) are transported from one organism to another; these sRNAs silence target genes in trans by loading into host AGO proteins. In this work, we investigated the occurrence of ckRNAi in Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbiosis (AMS). We used an in silico prediction analysis to identify a sRNA (Rir2216) from the AM fungus Rhizophagus irregularis and its putative plant gene target, the Medicago truncatula MtWRKY69 transcription factor. Heterologous co-expression assays in Nicotiana benthamiana, 5' RACE reactions and AGO1-immunoprecipitation assays from mycorrhizal roots were used to characterize the Rir2216-MtWRKY69 interaction. We further analyzed MtWRKY69 expression profile and the contribution of constitutive and conditional MtWRKY69 expression to AMS. We show that Rir2216 is loaded into an AGO1 silencing complex from the host plant M. truncatula, leading to cleavage of a host target transcript encoding for the MtWRKY69 transcription factor. MtWRKY69 is specifically downregulated in arbusculated cells in mycorrhizal roots and increased levels of MtWRKY69 expression led to a reduced AM colonization level. Our results indicate that MtWRKY69 silencing, mediated by a fungal sRNA, is relevant for AMS; we thus present the first experimental evidence of fungus to plant ckRNAi in AMS.},
}
@article {pmid39553969,
year = {2024},
author = {Otjacques, E and Paula, JR and Ruby, EG and Xavier, JC and McFall-Ngai, MJ and Rosa, R and Schunter, C},
title = {Developmental and transcriptomic responses of Hawaiian bobtail squid early stages to ocean warming and acidification.},
journal = {bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1101/2024.10.31.621237},
pmid = {39553969},
issn = {2692-8205},
abstract = {1 Cephalopods play a central ecological role across all oceans and realms. However, under the current climate crisis, their physiology and behaviour are impacted, and we are beginning to comprehend the effects of environmental stressors at a molecular level. Here, we study the Hawaiian bobtail squid (Euprymna scolopes), known for its specific binary symbiosis with the bioluminescent bacterium Vibrio fischeri acquired post-hatching. We aim to understand the response (i.e., developmental and molecular) of E. scolopes after the embryogenetic exposure to different conditions: i) standard conditions (control), ii) increased CO 2 (ΔpH 0.4 units), iii) warming (+3ºC), or iv) a combination of the two treatments. We observed a decrease in hatching success across all treatments relative to the control. Using transcriptomics, we identified a potential trade-off in favour of metabolism and energy production, at the expense of development under increased CO 2 . In contrast, elevated temperature shortened the developmental time and, at a molecular level, showed signs of alternative splicing and the potential for RNA editing. The data also suggest that the initiation of the symbiosis may be negatively affected by these environmental drivers of change in the biosphere, although coping mechanisms by the animal may occur.},
}
@article {pmid39553893,
year = {2024},
author = {Pfab, F and Detmer, AR and Moeller, HV and Nisbet, RM and Putnam, HM and Cunning, R},
title = {Heat stress and bleaching in corals: a bioenergetic model.},
journal = {Coral reefs (Online)},
volume = {43},
number = {6},
pages = {1627-1645},
pmid = {39553893},
issn = {1432-0975},
abstract = {UNLABELLED: The coral-dinoflagellate endosymbiosis is based on nutrient exchanges that impact holobiont energetics. Of particular concern is the breakdown or dysbiosis of this partnership that is seen in response to elevated temperatures, where loss of symbionts through coral bleaching can lead to starvation and mortality. Here we extend a dynamic bioenergetic model of coral symbioses to explore the mechanisms by which temperature impacts various processes in the symbiosis and to enable simulational analysis of thermal bleaching. Our model tests the effects of two distinct mechanisms for how increased temperature impacts the symbiosis: 1) accelerated metabolic rates due to thermodynamics and 2) damage to the photosynthetic machinery of the symbiont caused by heat stress. Model simulations show that the model can capture key biological responses to different levels of increased temperatures. Moderately increased temperatures increase metabolic rates and slightly decrease photosynthesis. The slightly decreased photosynthesis rates cause the host to receive less carbon and share more nitrogen with the symbiont. This results in temporarily increased symbiont growth and a higher symbiont/host ratio. In contrast, higher temperatures cause a breakdown of the symbiosis due to escalating feedback that involves further reduction in photosynthesis and insufficient energy supply for CO 2 concentration by the host. This leads to the accumulation of excess light energy and the generation of reactive oxygen species, eventually triggering symbiont expulsion and coral bleaching. Importantly, bleaching does not result from accelerated metabolic rates alone; it only occurs as a result of the photodamage mechanism due to its effect on nutrient cycling. Both higher light intensities and higher levels of DIN render corals more susceptible to heat stress. Conversely, heterotrophic feeding can increase the maximal temperature that can be tolerated by the coral. Collectively these results show that a bioenergetics model can capture many observed patterns of heat stress in corals, such as higher metabolic rates and higher symbiont/host ratios at moderately increased temperatures and symbiont expulsion at strongly increased temperatures.<br><br>SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00338-024-02561-1.},
}
@article {pmid39552643,
year = {2024},
author = {Mwampashi, LL and Magubika, AJ and Ringo, JF and Theonest, DJ and Tryphone, GM and Chilagane, LA and Nassary, EK},
title = {Exploring agro-ecological significance, knowledge gaps, and research priorities in arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi.},
journal = {Frontiers in microbiology},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1491861},
pmid = {39552643},
issn = {1664-302X},
abstract = {UNLABELLED: This systematic review examines the global agricultural relevance and practical environmental implications of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) within the phylum Glomeromycota. Following PRISMA guidelines, ensuring a comprehensive and unbiased literature review, a literature search was conducted, focusing on the functional roles of AMF in enhancing crop productivity, nutrient uptake, and soil health. Key findings reveal that AMF contribute significantly to sustainable agriculture by reducing the need for chemical fertilizers and increasing plant resilience to environmental stressors like drought, salinity, or pest resistance. The review highlights the importance of AMF in forming symbiotic relationships with plants, which enhance nutrient absorption and improve soil structure, showcasing long-term benefits such as reduced erosion or improved water retention. However, the current literature lacks in-depth exploration of the taxonomy and evolutionary aspects of AMF, as well as the specific functional roles they play in different agricultural contexts, e.g., understanding evolution could enhance strain selection for specific crops. This review identifies several urgent research gaps, including a need for a more refined understanding of AMF community dynamics under varying land management practices. For example, there are gaps in and a critical evaluation of advanced molecular techniques. Such techniques are essential for studying these interactions. Addressing these gaps will enhance the integration of AMF into sustainable agricultural systems and improve ecosystem management practices across different geographical regions. Future research should prioritize developing precise molecular imaging techniques and optimizing AMF applications for different crops and soil types to maximize their ecological and agricultural benefits. This could be practical through interdisciplinary collaboration (e.g., involving molecular biologists, agronomists, etc.). In conclusion, this review advances the practical application of AMF in agriculture and its contribution to biodiversity conservation in agroecosystems. Integrating these findings into policy frameworks could encourage sustainable farming practices, promote the adoption of AMF inoculants, and foster incentives for environmentally friendly land management strategies.<br><br>https://www.bmj.com/content/372/bmj.n71.},
}
@article {pmid39552162,
year = {2024},
author = {Zhong, S and Jiang, Z and Zhang, J and Gu, Z and Wei, J and Li, B and Li, F},
title = {Study on the Structure and Function of Intestinal Microorganisms in Silkworm Maggot Exorista sorbillans.},
journal = {Archives of insect biochemistry and physiology},
volume = {117},
number = {3},
pages = {e70008},
doi = {10.1002/arch.70008},
pmid = {39552162},
issn = {1520-6327},
support = {//This study was Supported by the earmarked fund for CARS-18, the grants from National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant 32172795), and by Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Sericulture and Silk (2022GXCSSC26), the Science and Technology Support Program of Suzhou (SNG2023016, SNG2022056) and a project funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions./ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Bombyx/microbiology ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; *Larva/microbiology ; *Diptera/microbiology ; *RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics ; },
abstract = {Insects have important symbiotic relationships with their intestinal microbiota. The intestinal microbiota is involved in or influences various processes in insects such as development, metabolism, immunity, and reproduction. Currently, research on the intestinal microbiota of parasitic insects is still in its early stages. The tachinid parasitoid Exorista sorbillans is a dipteran parasitic insect, with the silkworm (Bombyx mori) being its main host. Silkworms parasitized by E. sorbillans can suffer from severe silkworm maggot disease, which also poses a serious threat to sericulture. In this study, the intestinal microbiota of larval E. sorbillans at three instar stages was analyzed using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing to explore the community composition of the intestinal microbiota. Additionally, using conventional culture methods, six cultivable strains were isolated and identified from the larval E. sorbillans on an antibiotic-free LB medium, and four cultivable strains were isolated and identified from the hemolymph of parasitized silkworms. This study investigated the E. sorbillans from the perspective of intestinal microbiota, elucidating the composition and structural characteristics of the intestinal microbiota of the tachinid parasitoid, and preliminarily discussing the functional roles of several major microorganisms, which helps to further clarify the potential mechanisms of interaction between the parasitoid and the silkworm.},
}
@article {pmid39549943,
year = {2024},
author = {Meng, ZK and Rao, SM and Hu, YK and Zhou, X and Yang, Q and Tan, RX and Wang, YS},
title = {Discovery of undescribed anthracycline-derived polyketides with cytotoxicity from endophytic Streptomyces chartreusis M7.},
journal = {Phytochemistry},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {114337},
doi = {10.1016/j.phytochem.2024.114337},
pmid = {39549943},
issn = {1873-3700},
abstract = {Endophytic actinomycetes exhibit considerable potential for the production of biologically active metabolites due to their coevolution with plant hosts. In this study, an endophytic Streptomyces chartreusis M7 was isolated from Houttuynia cordata Thunb. Bioactivity-guided investigation of the metabolites produced by this strain led to the identification of thirteen anthracycline-derived polyketides, including five unreported anthraquinones designated streptoquinones A-E (1-5) and two undescribed angular polyketides named chartins A and B (6-7) along with six knowns. Their structures were elucidated through comprehensive spectroscopic analysis and ECD calculations. Notably, chartins A (6) and B (7) feature angular tetracyclic and pentacyclic skeletons, respectively, which have undergone several oxidative rearrangements. Moreover, streptoquinone A (1) exhibited moderate cytotoxicity against A549 cells, with an IC50 value of 4.8 μM.},
}
@article {pmid39549591,
year = {2024},
author = {Brockhausen, I and Falconer, D and Sara, S},
title = {Relationships between bacteria and the mucus layer.},
journal = {Carbohydrate research},
volume = {546},
number = {},
pages = {109309},
doi = {10.1016/j.carres.2024.109309},
pmid = {39549591},
issn = {1873-426X},
abstract = {The mucus layer on epithelial cells is an essential barrier, as well as a nutrient-rich niche for bacteria, forming a dynamic, functional and symbiotic ecosystem and first line of defense against invading pathogens. Particularly bacteria in biofilms are very difficult to eradicate. The extensively O-glycosylated mucins are the main glycoproteins in mucus that interact with microbes. For example, mucins act as adhesion receptors and nutritional substrates for gut bacteria. Mucins also play important roles in immune responses, and they control the composition of the microbiome, primarily due to the abundance of complex O-glycans. In inflammation or infection, the structures of mucin O-glycans can change and thus affect mucin function, impact biofilm formation and the induction of virulence pathways in bacteria. In turn, bacteria can support host cell growth, mucin production and can stimulate changes in the host immune system and responses leading to healthy tissue function. The external polysaccharides of bacteria are critical for controlling adhesion and biofilm formation. It is therefore important to understand the relationships between the mucus layer and microbes, the mechanisms and regulation of the biosynthesis of mucins, of bacterial surface polysaccharides, and adhesins. This knowledge can provide biomarkers, vaccines and help to develop new approaches for improved therapies, including antibiotic treatments.},
}
@article {pmid39549338,
year = {2024},
author = {Kim, HS and Ahn, JW and Damodar, K and Park, JY and Yoo, YM and Joo, SS},
title = {Identification and characterization of a surfactin from Pseudomonas gessardii: A symbiotic bacterium with potent anticancer activity.},
journal = {Biochemical and biophysical research communications},
volume = {739},
number = {},
pages = {150989},
doi = {10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.150989},
pmid = {39549338},
issn = {1090-2104},
abstract = {Prasiola japonica, traditionally used as food and folk medicine in South Korea, exerts pharmacological properties, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, and anticancer effects. In this study, we explored symbiotic microbes associated with P. japonica and identified Pseudomonas gessardii as a nonpathogenic symbiotic bacterium through 16 S rDNA sequencing. Bioactivity-guided fractionation of P. gessardii ethanol extracts, utilizing a series of non-polar to polar solvents, led to the isolation of a single bioactive compound (SF10) from the ethyl acetate fraction. Structural analysis using LC-MS and NMR spectroscopy identified SF10 as surfactin C15, a lipopeptide consisting of 7 amino acids and a β-hydroxy fatty acid chain containing 15 carbon atoms. This represents the first discovery of surfactin production in P. gessardii, expanding known surfactin-producing genera beyond Bacillus. In HT-29 colorectal cancer cells, surfactin C15 demonstrated significant anticancer activity through multiple mechanisms: inhibition of cancer stem cell marker CD133 expression, upregulation of pro-apoptotic factors (CHOP, PUMA, DR5), and modulation of cell cycle regulators (CDKN1A,CCNE1, CDK5). Furthermore, surfactin C15 induced necrotic cell death, confirmed by increased lactate dehydrogenase release and flow cytometry analysis showing dose-dependent increases in necrotic cell populations. This study reveals a novel source of surfactin with unique cancer cell-targeting properties, particularly through its ability to induce necrosis in colorectal cancer cells, suggesting potential therapeutic applications in cancer treatment.},
}
@article {pmid39548600,
year = {2024},
author = {Sun, Q and Yuan, Z and Sun, Y and Sun, L},
title = {Integrated multi-approaches reveal unique metabolic mechanisms of Vestimentifera to adapt to deep sea.},
journal = {Microbiome},
volume = {12},
number = {1},
pages = {241},
pmid = {39548600},
issn = {2049-2618},
support = {LSKJ202203100//Science and Technology Innovation Project of Laoshan Laboratory/ ; 41806202//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 32201219//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 42221005//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 2022HWYQ-087//Science Fund Program for Distinguished Young Scholars of Shandong Province (Overseas)/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Symbiosis ; Trehalose/metabolism ; Polychaeta/metabolism ; Bacteria/metabolism/genetics/classification ; Hydrothermal Vents/microbiology ; Transcriptome ; Gluconeogenesis ; Adaptation, Physiological ; Glycogen/metabolism ; Glucosyltransferases/genetics/metabolism ; Metabolome ; Phylogeny ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Vestimentiferan tubeworms are deep-sea colonizers, in which chemoautotrophic symbiosis was first observed. These animals are gutless and depend on endosymbiotic bacteria for organic compound synthesis and nutrition supply. Taxonomically, vestimentiferans belong to Siboglinidae and Annelida. Compared with other siboglinids, vestimentiferans are distinguished by high tolerance of the prevailing hydrogen sulfide in hydrothermal vents, rapid growth in local habitats, and a physical structure consisting of a thick chitinous tube. The metabolic mechanisms contributing to these features remain elusive.<br><br>RESULTS: Comparative genomics revealed that unlike other annelids, vestimentiferans possessed trehaloneogenesis and lacked gluconeogenesis. Transcriptome and metabolome analyses detected the expression of trehalose-6-phosphate synthase/phosphatase (TPSP), the key enzyme of trehaloneogenesis, and trehalose production in vestimentiferan tissues. In addition to trehaloneogenesis, glycogen biosynthesis evidenced by packed glycogen granules was also found in vestimentiferan symbionts, but not in other Siboglinidae symbionts. Data mining and analyses of invertebrate TPSP revealed that the TPSP in Vestimentifera, as well as Cnidaria, Rotifera, Urochordata, and Cephalochordata, likely originated from Arthropoda, possibly as a result of transposon-mediated inter-phyla gene transfer.<br><br>CONCLUSION: This study indicates a critical role of bacterial glycogen biosynthesis in the highly efficient symbiont&#x2009;-&#x2009;vestimentiferan cooperation. This study provides a new perspective for understanding the environmental adaptation strategies of vestimentiferans and adds new insights into the mechanism of metabolic evolution in Metazoa. Video Abstract.},
}
@article {pmid39548567,
year = {2024},
author = {Qi, J and Xiao, F and Liu, X and Li, J and Wang, H and Li, S and Yu, H and Xu, Y and Wang, H},
title = {The fall armyworm converts maize endophytes into its own probiotics to detoxify benzoxazinoids and promote caterpillar growth.},
journal = {Microbiome},
volume = {12},
number = {1},
pages = {240},
pmid = {39548567},
issn = {2049-2618},
mesh = {*Zea mays/microbiology/parasitology ; Animals ; *Endophytes/metabolism ; *Spodoptera/microbiology ; *Benzoxazines/metabolism ; Probiotics/metabolism ; Larva/microbiology ; Symbiosis ; Pantoea/metabolism ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; Plant Roots/microbiology ; Plant Leaves/microbiology ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The fall armyworm (FAW, Spodoptera frugiperda) threatens maize production worldwide, and benzoxazinoids (Bxs) are known as the main secondary metabolites produced by maize to defend against FAW. However, we do not yet know whether and in what ways certain endophytes in the digestive system of FAW can metabolize Bxs, thus enhancing the fitness of FAW when feeding on maize.<br><br>RESULTS: Using Bxs as the sole carbon and nitrogen source, we isolated Pantoea dispersa from the guts of FAW. P. dispersa can colonize maize roots and leaves as indicated by GFP-labeling and further successfully established itself as an endophyte in the Malpighian tubules and the gut of FAW after FAW feeding activities. Once established, it can be vertically transmitted through FAW eggs, suggesting the potential that FAW can convert maize-derived endophytes into symbiotic bacteria for intergenerational transmission. The prevalence of P. dispersa in FAW guts and maize leaves was also confirmed over large geographic regions, indicating its evolutionary adaptation in fields. Bxs determination in the gut and frass of FAW combined with bioassays performance on maize bx2 mutants revealed that the colonization of P. dispersa can promote FAW growth by metabolizing Bxs rather than other metabolites. Additionally, genome and transcriptome analyses identified plasmid-borne genes, rather than chromosomes of this species, were crucial for Bxs metabolism. This was further validated through in vitro prokaryotic expression assays by expressing two candidate genes form the plasmid.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: FAW can convert maize endophytes into its own probiotics to detoxify Bxs and thus enhance caterpillar growth. This represents a novel strategy for lepidopteran pests-transforming allies of the host into its own-thereby shedding light on the rapid spread of FAW and enhancing our understanding of ecological and evolutionary mechanisms underlying the pest-microbe-plant interactions. Video Abstract.},
}
@article {pmid39548374,
year = {2024},
author = {Heppert, JK and Awori, RM and Cao, M and Chen, G and McLeish, J and Goodrich-Blair, H},
title = {Analyses of Xenorhabdus griffiniae genomes reveal two distinct sub-species that display intra-species variation due to prophages.},
journal = {BMC genomics},
volume = {25},
number = {1},
pages = {1087},
pmid = {39548374},
issn = {1471-2164},
mesh = {*Xenorhabdus/genetics/classification ; *Prophages/genetics ; *Genome, Bacterial ; *Phylogeny ; Symbiosis ; Animals ; Genomics/methods ; Genetic Variation ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Nematodes of the genus Steinernema and their Xenorhabdus bacterial symbionts are lethal entomopathogens that are useful in the biocontrol of insect pests, as sources of diverse natural products, and as research models for mutualism and parasitism. Xenorhabdus play a central role in all aspects of the Steinernema lifecycle, and a deeper understanding of their genomes therefore has the potential to spur advances in each of these applications.<br><br>RESULTS: Here, we report a comparative genomics analysis of Xenorhabdus griffiniae, including the symbiont of Steinernema hermaphroditum nematodes, for which genetic and genomic tools are being developed. We sequenced and assembled circularized genomes for three Xenorhabdus strains: HGB2511, ID10 and TH1. We then determined their relationships to other Xenorhabdus and delineated their species via phylogenomic analyses, concluding that HGB2511 and ID10 are Xenorhabdus griffiniae while TH1 is a novel species. These additions to the existing X. griffiniae landscape further allowed for the identification of two subspecies within the clade. Consistent with other Xenorhabdus, the analysed X. griffiniae genomes each encode a wide array of antimicrobials and virulence-related proteins. Comparative genomic analyses, including the creation of a pangenome, revealed that a large amount of the intraspecies variation in X. griffiniae is contained within the mobilome and attributable to prophage loci. In addition, CRISPR arrays, secondary metabolite potential and toxin genes all varied among strains within the X. griffiniae species.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that phage-related genes drive the genomic diversity in closely related Xenorhabdus symbionts, and that these may underlie some of the traits most associated with the lifestyle and survival of entomopathogenic nematodes and their bacteria: virulence and competition. This study establishes a broad knowledge base for further exploration of not only the relationships between X. griffiniae species and their nematode hosts but also the molecular mechanisms that underlie their entomopathogenic lifestyle.},
}
@article {pmid39548000,
year = {2024},
author = {Visser, B and Scheifler, M},
title = {Insect Lipid Metabolism in the Presence of Symbiotic and Pathogenic Viruses and Bacteria.},
journal = {Advances in experimental medicine and biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {39548000},
issn = {0065-2598},
abstract = {Insects, like most animals, have intimate interactions with microorganisms that can influence the insect host's lipid metabolism. In this chapter, we describe what is known so far about the role prokaryotic microorganisms play in insect lipid metabolism. We start exploring microbe-insect lipid interactions focusing on endosymbionts, and more specifically the gut microbiota that has been predominantly studied in Drosophila melanogaster. We then move on to an overview of the work done on the common and well-studied endosymbiont Wolbachia pipientis, also in interaction with other microbes. Taking a slightly different angle, we then look at the effect of human pathogens, including dengue and other viruses, on the lipids of mosquito vectors. We extend the work on human pathogens and include interactions with the endosymbiont Wolbachia that was identified as a natural tool to reduce the spread of mosquito-borne diseases. Research on lipid metabolism of plant disease vectors is up and coming and we end this chapter by highlighting current knowledge in that field.},
}
@article {pmid39547751,
year = {2024},
author = {Nagata, RM and D'Ambra, I and Lauritano, C and von Montfort, GM and Djeghri, N and Jordano, MA and Colin, SP and Costello, JH and Leoni, V},
title = {Physiology and functional biology of Rhizostomeae jellyfish.},
journal = {Advances in marine biology},
volume = {98},
number = {},
pages = {255-360},
doi = {10.1016/bs.amb.2024.07.007},
pmid = {39547751},
issn = {2162-5875},
mesh = {Animals ; *Scyphozoa/physiology ; },
abstract = {Rhizostomeae species attract our attention because of their distinctive body shape, their large size and because of blooms of some species in coastal areas around the world. The impacts of these blooms on human activities, and the interest in consumable species and those of biotechnological value have led to a significant expansion of research into the physiology and functional biology of Rhizostomeae jellyfish over the last years. This review brings together information generated over these last decades on rhizostome body composition, locomotion, toxins, nutrition, respiration, growth, among other functional parameters. Rhizostomes have more than double the carbon content per unit of biomass than jellyfish of Semaeostomeae. They swim about twice as fast, and consume more oxygen than other scyphozoans of the same size. Rhizostomes also have faster initial growth in laboratory and the highest body growth rates measured in nature, when compared to other medusae groups. Parameters such as body composition, nutrition and excretion are highly influenced by the presence of symbiotic zooxanthellae in species of the Kolpophorae suborder. These physiological and functional characteristics may reveal a wide range of adaptive responses, but our conclusions are still based on studies of a limited number of species. Available data indicates that Rhizosotomeae jellyfish have a higher energy demand and higher body productivity when compared to other jellyfish groups. The information gathered here can help ecologists better understand and make more assertive predictions on the role of these jellyfish in their ecosystems.},
}
@article {pmid39547593,
year = {2024},
author = {Hu, H and Lu, Z and Ma, Y and Song, X and Wang, D and Wu, C and Ma, X and Shan, Y and Ren, X and Ma, Y},
title = {Impact of transinfection of Wolbachia from the planthopper Laodelphax striatellus on reproductive fitness and transcriptome of the whitefly Bemisia tabaci.},
journal = {Journal of invertebrate pathology},
volume = {207},
number = {},
pages = {108230},
doi = {10.1016/j.jip.2024.108230},
pmid = {39547593},
issn = {1096-0805},
abstract = {The whitefly Bemisia tabaci is critical global pest threatening crops and leading to agricultural losses. Wolbachia is an intracellular symbiotic bacterium in insects, which can regulate the growth and development of the host through various ways. In a prior study, Wolbachia was found to be transferred to whitefly and induce fitness changes. However, little is known about the underlying mechanisms of host-Wolbachia interactions in B. tabaci. In this study, a Wolbachia strain wStri was isolated from the small brown planthopper, Laodelphex striatellus, and transferred to B. tabaci. The distribution of Wolbachia in whiteflies was determined using fluorescence in situ hybridization. Reciprocal crossing experiments demonstrated that wStri did not induce cytoplasmic incompatibility phenotypes in B. tabaci, but prolonged the developmental duration of the offspring. We performed transcriptomic analysis of Wolbachia-infected female and male adults using Illumina-based RNA-Seq. A total of 843 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in infected females, among them 141 were significantly up-regulated and 702 were down-regulated by Wolbachia infection. In infected males, of 511 gene sets, 279 host genes were significantly up-regulated, and 232 were down-regulated by Wolbachia infection. KEGG analysis of DEGs demonstrated significant differences in gene pathway distribution between up-regulated and down-regulated genes. These genes are involved in various biological processes, including, but not limited to, detoxification, oxidation-reduction, metabolic processes, and immunity. The transcriptomic profiling of this study offers valuable information on the differential expression of genes in whiteflies following Wolbachia infection, and enhances our understanding of this host-symbiotic interaction.},
}
@article {pmid39547110,
year = {2024},
author = {Sarda, J and Gori, A and Doñate-Ordóñez, R and Viladrich, N and Costantini, F and Garrabou, J and Linares, C},
title = {Recurrent marine heatwaves compromise the reproduction success and long-term viability of shallow populations of the Mediterranean gorgonian Eunicella singularis.},
journal = {Marine environmental research},
volume = {203},
number = {},
pages = {106822},
doi = {10.1016/j.marenvres.2024.106822},
pmid = {39547110},
issn = {1879-0291},
abstract = {Mediterranean gorgonians are being threatened by the impact of recurrent extreme climatic events, such as marine heatwaves (MHWs). The white gorgonian Eunicella singularis was suggested to be the most resistant gorgonian species in the NW Mediterranean, mainly due to the presence of symbiotic algae. However, a substantial shift in the conservation condition of the species has been observed in the recent years. The aim of this study is to evaluate the lethal and sublethal effects of recent MHWs on the populations of E. singularis. Our results show that recurrent MHWs have impacted both the demography and reproduction of the species between 2002 and 2020, driving mortalities up to 36%, an increase in the percentages of non-reproducing adult colonies (11-58%), and a significant decrease in the recruitment rates. Although E. singularis is a highly dynamic species in comparison with other temperate gorgonians, the present study suggests that the persistence of this species may be severely compromised under recurrent MHWs, at least at shallowest depths.},
}
@article {pmid39546648,
year = {2024},
author = {Pop, AX and Zaimova-Tsaneva, EV},
title = {A PSYCHOBIOGRAPHY AND ILLUSTRATION OF SCHAHRIAR SYNDROME MODEL IN VERA RENCZI.},
journal = {Psychiatria Danubina},
volume = {Psychiatr Danub},
number = {2},
pages = {199-206},
doi = {10.24869/psyd.2024.199},
pmid = {39546648},
issn = {0353-5053},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; History, 20th Century ; *Homicide/history/psychology ; Models, Psychological ; Famous Persons ; },
abstract = {The current study's goal was to demonstrate the efficacy of the Schahriar Syndrome Model by using it to create a psychobiography of a female serial killer. The objective was to identify the social and psychological mechanisms included in the Schahriar Syndrome Model (SSM) of serial killing. The case study also aimed to understand better the motivations of such homicides and the attributes and factors that make a female commit them and it offers a fresh perspective on Vera's life. The case study used a qualitative single case design that contains the tracking of experiences and events of an individual in a lifetime. It used both historiographic methodologies and psychological models to identify and analyze the development and specific socio-psychological settings of Vera Renczi, a historical serial murderer from the 20th century (1903-1960). This psychobiography includes secondary data about her development and crimes collected from previous research, archives, and books that contained reliable sources. Vera Renczi demonstrated throughout her life and at several socio-historical junctures, each of the five primal mental processes such as omnipotence, sadistic fantasies, ritualized performance, dehumanization, and symbiotic merger. Vera Renczi's life was impacted by a mixture of socio-historical antecedents including her aristocratic status, the experience of loss and abandonment, and the need for control and devotion. The Schahriar syndrome paradigm is relevant today, and this study invites relevant fields, such as the forensic sector, to reevaluate its applicability, especially on female subjects. The Schahriar syndrome model may be used to identify the psych mechanism of a female serial murderer. This research adds to the knowledge about Vera Renczi and offers information from new angles and fresh perspectives on how she operated.},
}
@article {pmid39545396,
year = {2024},
author = {Li, J and Gao, Y and Shu, G and Chen, X and Zhu, J and Zheng, S and Chen, T},
title = {HMicroDB: A Comprehensive Database of Herpetofaunal Microbiota With a Focus on Host Phylogeny, Physiological Traits, and Environment Factors.},
journal = {Molecular ecology resources},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e14046},
doi = {10.1111/1755-0998.14046},
pmid = {39545396},
issn = {1755-0998},
support = {2021YFF1201300//National Key Research and Development Program of China/ ; 2021YFF1201303//National Key Research and Development Program of China/ ; 2022YFC2703105//National Key Research and Development Program of China/ ; 2023M731976//Postdoctoral Research Foundation of China/ ; },
abstract = {Symbiotic microbiota strongly impact host physiology. Amphibians and reptiles occupy a pivotal role in the evolutionary history of Animalia, and they are of significant ecological, economic, and scientific value. Many prior studies have found that symbiotic microbiota in herpetofaunal species are closely associated with host phylogeny, physiological traits, and environmental factors; however, insufficient integrated databases hinder researchers from querying, accessing, and reanalyzing these resources. To rectify this, we built the first herpetofaunal microbiota database (HMicroDB; https://herpdb.com/) that integrates 11,697 microbiological samples from 337 host species (covering 23 body sites and associated with 23 host phenotypic or environmental factors), and we identified 11,084 microbial taxa by consistent annotation. The standardised analysis process, cross-dataset integration, user-friendly interface, and interactive visualisation make the HMicroDB a powerful resource for researchers to search, browse, and explore the relationships between symbiotic microbiota, hosts, and environment. This facilitates research in host-microbiota coevolution, biological conservation, and resource utilisation.},
}
@article {pmid39545367,
year = {2024},
author = {Heuck, MK and Powell, JR and Kath, J and Birnbaum, C and Frew, A},
title = {Evaluating the Usefulness of the C-S-R Framework for Understanding AM Fungal Responses to Climate Change in Agroecosystems.},
journal = {Global change biology},
volume = {30},
number = {11},
pages = {e17566},
doi = {10.1111/gcb.17566},
pmid = {39545367},
issn = {1365-2486},
support = {DE220100479//Australian Research Council (ARC) Discovery Early Career Researcher Award (DECRA)/ ; FT190100590//Australian Research Council Future Fellowship/ ; },
mesh = {*Climate Change ; *Mycorrhizae/physiology ; *Agriculture ; *Ecosystem ; Symbiosis ; },
abstract = {Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi play a key role in terrestrial ecosystems by forming symbiotic relationships with plants and may confer benefits for sustainable agriculture, by reducing reliance on harmful fertiliser and pesticide inputs and enhancing plant resilience against insect herbivores. Despite their ecological importance, critical gaps in understanding AM fungal ecology limit predictions of their responses to global change in agroecosystems. However, predicting climate change impacts on AM fungi is important for maintaining crop productivity and ecosystem stability. Efforts to classify AM fungi based on functional traits, such as the competitor, stress-tolerator, ruderal (C-S-R) framework, aim to address these gaps but face challenges due to the obligate symbiotic nature of the fungi. As the framework is still widely used, we evaluate its applicability in predicting global change impacts on AM fungal communities in agroecosystems. Chagnon's adaptation of the C-S-R framework for AM fungi aligns with some study outcomes (e.g., under the context of water limitation) but faces challenges when used in complex climate change scenarios, varying agricultural conditions and/or extreme climatic conditions. The reliance on a limited dataset to classify AM fungal families further limits accurate predictions of AM fungal community dynamics. Trait data collection could support a nuanced understanding of AM fungi and leveraging AM fungal databases could streamline data management and analysis, enhancing efforts to clarify AM fungal responses to environmental change and guide ecosystem management practices. Thus, while the C-S-R framework holds promise, it requires additional AM fungal trait data for validation and improvement of its predictive power. Conclusively, before designing experiments based on life-history strategies and developing new frameworks tailored to AM fungi a critical first step is to gain a comprehensive understanding of their traits.},
}
@article {pmid39544283,
year = {2024},
author = {Li, S and Fan, S and Ma, Y and Xia, C and Yan, Q},
title = {Influence of gender, age, and body mass index on the gut microbiota of individuals from South China.},
journal = {Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology},
volume = {14},
number = {},
pages = {1419884},
pmid = {39544283},
issn = {2235-2988},
mesh = {Humans ; *Body Mass Index ; China ; Female ; Male ; Adult ; Middle Aged ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome/genetics ; Age Factors ; *Feces/microbiology ; Sex Factors ; Young Adult ; Aged ; Bacteria/classification/genetics/isolation &amp; purification ; Phylogeny ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The symbiotic gut microbiota is pivotal for human health, with its composition linked to various diseases and metabolic disorders. Despite its significance, there remains a gap in systematically evaluating how host phenotypes, such as gender, age, and body mass index (BMI), influence gut microbiota.<br><br>We conducted an analysis of the gut microbiota of 185 Chinese adults based on whole-metagenome shotgun sequencing of fecal samples. Our investigation focused on assessing the effects of gender, age, and BMI on gut microbiota across three levels: diversity, gene/phylogenetic composition, and functional composition. Our findings suggest that these phenotypes have a minor impact on shaping the gut microbiome compared to enterotypes, they do not correlate significantly within- or between-sample diversity. We identified a substantial number of phenotype-associated genes and metagenomic linkage groups (MLGs), indicating variations in gut microflora composition. Specifically, we observed a decline in beneficial Firmicutes microbes, such as Eubacterium, Roseburia, Faecalibacterium and Ruminococcus spp., in both older individuals and those with higher BMI, while potentially harmful microbes like Erysipelotrichaceae, Subdoligranulum and Streptococcus spp. increased with age. Additionally, Blautia and Dorea spp. were found to increase with BMI, aligning with prior research. Surprisingly, individuals who were older or overweight exhibited a lack of Bacteroidetes, a dominant phylum in the human gut microbiota that includes opportunistic pathogens, while certain species of the well-known probiotics Bifidobacterium were enriched in these groups, suggesting a complex interplay of these bacteria warranting further investigation. Regarding gender, several gender-associated MLGs from Bacteroides, Parabacteroides, Clostridium and Akkermansia were enriched in females. Functional analysis revealed a multitude of phenotype-associated KEGG orthologs (KOs).<br><br>CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Our study underscores the influence of gender, age, and BMI on gut metagenomes, affecting both phylogenetic and functional composition. However, further investigation is needed to elucidate the precise roles of these bacteria, including both pathogens and probiotics.},
}
@article {pmid39544100,
year = {2024},
author = {Kondo, T and Sibponkrung, S and Tittabutr, P and Boonkerd, N and Ishikawa, S and Teaumroong, N and Yoshida, KI},
title = {Bacillus velezensis S141 improves the root growth of soybean under drought conditions.},
journal = {Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/bbb/zbae168},
pmid = {39544100},
issn = {1347-6947},
abstract = {Bacillus velezensis S141 helps soybean establish specific symbiosis with strains of Bradyrhizobium diazoefficiens to form larger nodules and improve nitrogen fixation efficiency. In this study, we found that the dry weight of soybean roots increased significantly in the presence of S141 alone under drought conditions. Hence, S141 improved the root growth of soybean under limited water supply conditions. S141 can produce some auxin, which might be involved in the improved nodulation. Inactivating IPyAD of S141, which is required for auxin biosynthesis, did not alter the beneficial effects of S141, suggesting that the root growth was independent of auxin produced by S141. Under drought conditions, soybean exhibited some responses to resist osmotic and oxidative stresses; however, S141 was relevant to none of these responses. Although the mechanism remains unclear, S141 might produce some substances that stimulate the root growth of soybean under drought conditions.},
}
@article {pmid39543265,
year = {2024},
author = {Stevens, BR and Roesch, LFW},
title = {Interplay of human ABCC11 transporter gene variants with axillary skin microbiome functional genomics.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {14},
number = {1},
pages = {28037},
pmid = {39543265},
issn = {2045-2322},
mesh = {Humans ; *Microbiota/genetics ; *Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; *Skin/microbiology/metabolism ; Female ; *ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters/genetics/metabolism ; Male ; Haplotypes ; Genomics/methods ; Axilla/microbiology ; Adult ; Pedigree ; },
abstract = {The human armpit microbiome is metabolically entangled with skin cell physiology. This "meta-organism" symbiotic mutualism results in sweat either with or without odor (osmidrosis), depending on host ABCC11 gene haplotypes. Apocrine metabolism produces odorless S-glutathione conjugate that is transferred by ABCC11 transporters into secretory vesicles, deglutamylated to S-Cys-Gly-3M3SH thiol, and exuded to skin surface. An anthropogenic clade of skin bacteria then takes up the thiol and bioconverts it to malodorous 3-methyl-3-sulfanylhexan-1-ol (3M3SH). We hypothesized a familial meta-organism association of human ABCC11 gene non-synonymous SNP rs17822931 interplaying with skin microbiome 3M3SH biosynthesis. Subjects were genotyped for ABCC11 SNPs, and their haplotypes were correlated with axilla microbiome DNA sequencing profiles and predicted metagenome functions. A multigeneration family pedigree revealed a Mendelian autosomal recessive pattern: the C allele of ABCC11 correlated with bacterial Cys-S-conjugate β-lyase (PatB) gene known for Staphylococcus hominis biosynthesis of 3M3SH from human precursor; PatB was rescinded in hosts with homozygous TT alleles encoding ABCC11 loss-of-function mutation. We posit that a C allele encoding functional ABCC11 is key to delivering host conjugate precursors that shape heritable skin niche conditions favorable to harboring Staphylococcus having genomics of odor thiol production. This provides existential insights into human evolution and global regional population ancestries.},
}
@article {pmid39542125,
year = {2024},
author = {Tang, J and Xu, W and Yu, Y and Yin, S and Ye, BC and Zhou, Y},
title = {The role of the gut microbial metabolism of sterols and bile acids in human health.},
journal = {Biochimie},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.biochi.2024.11.003},
pmid = {39542125},
issn = {1638-6183},
abstract = {Sterols and bile acids are vital signaling molecules that play key roles in systemic functions, influencing the composition of the human gut microbiota, which maintains a symbiotic relationship with the host. Additionally, gut microbiota-encoded enzymes catalyze the conversion of sterols and bile acids into various metabolites, significantly enhancing their diversity and biological activities. In this review, we focus on the microbial transformations of sterols and bile acids in the gut, summarize the relevant bacteria, genes, and enzymes, and review the relationship between the sterols and bile acids metabolism of gut microbiota and human health. This review contributes to a deeper understanding of the crucial roles of sterols and bile acids metabolism by gut microbiota in human health, offering insights for further investigation into the interactions between gut microbiota and the host.},
}
@article {pmid39541233,
year = {2024},
author = {Cann, I and Cheng, Y and Alhawsawi, MAB and Moran, M and Li, Y and Gong, T and Zhu, W and Mackie, RI},
title = {Rumen-Targeted Mining of Enzymes for Bioenergy Production.},
journal = {Annual review of animal biosciences},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1146/annurev-animal-021022-030040},
pmid = {39541233},
issn = {2165-8110},
abstract = {Second-generation biofuel production, which aims to convert lignocellulose to liquid transportation fuels, could be transformative in worldwide energy portfolios. A bottleneck impeding its large-scale deployment is conversion of the target polysaccharides in lignocellulose to their unit sugars for microbial fermentation to the desired fuels. Cellulose and hemicellulose, the two major polysaccharides in lignocellulose, are complex in nature, and their interactions with pectin and lignin further increase their recalcitrance to depolymerization. This review focuses on the intricate linkages present in the feedstocks of interest and examines the potential of the enzymes evolved by microbes, in the microbe/ruminant symbiotic relationship, to depolymerize the target polysaccharides. We further provide insights to how a rational and more efficient assembly of rumen microbial enzymes can be reconstituted for lignocellulose degradation. We conclude by expounding on how gains in this area can impact the sustainability of both animal agriculture and the energy sector.},
}
@article {pmid39540979,
year = {2024},
author = {Frew, A and Aguilar-Trigueros, CA},
title = {Increasing Phylogenetic Clustering of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal Communities in Roots Explains Enhanced Plant Growth and Phosphorus Uptake.},
journal = {Microbial ecology},
volume = {87},
number = {1},
pages = {139},
pmid = {39540979},
issn = {1432-184X},
support = {DE220100479//Australian Research Council/ ; },
mesh = {*Mycorrhizae/genetics/physiology ; *Phosphorus/metabolism ; *Plant Roots/microbiology/growth &amp; development ; *Phylogeny ; *Symbiosis ; *Sorghum/microbiology/growth &amp; development ; Soil Microbiology ; Mycobiome ; Biomass ; Plant Development ; },
abstract = {Temporal variation during the assembly of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal communities within plant roots have been posited as critical drivers of the plant-fungal symbiotic outcomes. However, functional implications of these dynamics for the host plant remain poorly understood. We conducted a controlled pot experiment with Sorghum bicolor to investigate how temporal shifts in AM fungal community composition and phylogenetic diversity influence plant growth and phosphorus responses to the symbiosis. We characterised the root-colonising AM fungal communities across three time points and explored their community assembly processes by analysing their phylogenetic diversity and employing joint species distribution modelling with the Hierarchical Modelling of Species Communities (HMSC) framework. We found strong AM fungal turnover through time with a high phylogenetic signal, indicating recruitment of phylogenetically clustered AM fungal species in the host. This temporal phylogenetic clustering of communities coincided with marked increases in plant biomass and phosphorus responses to the AM fungal symbiosis, suggesting that host selection for specific fungi may be a key determinant of these benefits.},
}
@article {pmid39540748,
year = {2024},
author = {Zhao, Z and Yang, L and Wang, Y and Qian, X and Ding, G and Jacquemyn, H and Xing, X},
title = {Shifts in bacterial community composition during symbiotic seed germination of a terrestrial orchid and effects on protocorm development.},
journal = {Microbiology spectrum},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e0218524},
doi = {10.1128/spectrum.02185-24},
pmid = {39540748},
issn = {2165-0497},
abstract = {UNLABELLED: Fungi and bacteria often occupy very similar niches; they interact closely with each other, and bacteria can provide direct or indirect benefits to plants that form mutualistic interactions with fungi. In orchids, successful seed germination largely depends on compatible mycorrhizal fungi, but whether and how bacteria contribute to seed germination and protocorm development remains largely unknown. Here, we performed field and laboratory experiments to assess the potential role of bacteria in mediating seed germination and protocorm development in the terrestrial orchid Gymnadenia conopsea. Our results suggested that bacterial and fungal communities differ between developmental stages in the germination process. The diversity of bacterial and fungal communities and their interaction network in germinating seeds (Stage 1) differed significantly from those in later developmental stages (Stages 2-5). Pseudomonas gradually became the dominant bacterial group as the protocorms matured and showed a positive association with Ceratobasidiaceae fungi. Seed germination tests in vitro demonstrated that co-inoculation of Ceratobasidium sp. GS2 with Pseudomonas isolates significantly improved protocorm growth and development, suggesting that the observed increase in Pseudomonas abundance during protocorm development directly or indirectly improves the growth of germinating seeds. Overall, our findings indicate that bacteria may exert non-negligible effects on seed germination of orchids and, therefore, offer valuable perspectives for future strategies for conservation and cultivating orchid species.<br><br>IMPORTANCE: It is well known that orchid seeds depend on mycorrhizal fungi to supply the necessary nutrients that support germination in natural environments. Apart from fungi, bacteria may also be involved in the germination process of orchid seeds, but so far, their role has not been intensively studied. This research provides evidence that bacterial community composition changes during seed germination of the terrestrial orchid Gymnadenia conopsea. Interestingly, in vitro experiments showed that Pseudomonas spp., which were the most dominant bacteria in the later germination stages, improved protocorm growth. These results suggest that bacteria contribute to the germination of orchid seeds, which may open new perspectives to apply bacteria as a biofertilizer in the introduction and restoration of G. conopsea populations.},
}
@article {pmid39539525,
year = {2024},
author = {Zybailov, BL and Kosovsky, GY and Glazko, GV and Glazko, VI and Skobel, OI},
title = {Evolutionary Perspectives on Human-Artificial Intelligence Convergence.},
journal = {Acta naturae},
volume = {16},
number = {3},
pages = {4-17},
pmid = {39539525},
issn = {2075-8251},
abstract = {In this analytical review, we explore the potential impact of the rapid proliferation of artificial intelligence (AI) tools on the biosphere and noosphere, suggesting that the trend may lead to a transformative event that could be termed "Human-AI integration." We argue that this integration could give rise to novel lifeforms, associations, and hierarchies, resulting in competitive advantages and increased complexity of structural organizations within both the biosphere and noosphere. Our central premise emphasizes the importance of human-AI integration as a global adaptive response crucial for our civilization's survival amidst a rapidly changing environment. The convergence may initially manifest itself through symbiotic, endosymbiotic, or other mutualistic relationships, such as domestication, contingent on the rate at which AI systems achieve autonomy and develop survival instincts akin to those of biological organisms. We investigate potential drivers of these scenarios, addressing the ethical and existential challenges arising from the AI-driven transformation of the biosphere and noosphere, and considering potential trade-offs. Additionally, we discuss the application of complexity and the balance between competition and cooperation to better comprehend and navigate these transformative scenarios.},
}
@article {pmid39539299,
year = {2024},
author = {Alhusayni, S and Kersten, N and Huisman, R and Geurts, R and Klein, J},
title = {Ectopic expression of the GRAS-type transcriptional regulator NSP2 in Parasponia triggers contrasting effects on symbioses.},
journal = {Frontiers in plant science},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1468812},
pmid = {39539299},
issn = {1664-462X},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Plants strictly control root endosymbioses with nutrient-scavenging arbuscular endomycorrhizal fungi or nodule inducing diazotrophic bacteria. The GRAS-type transcriptional regulator NODULATION SIGNALING PATHWAY 2 (NSP2) is a conserved hub in this process. The NSP2-regulated transcriptional network is instrumental in balancing nutrient homeostasis with symbiotic interactions. NSP2 activity is modulated post-transcriptionally by a specific microRNA. Overriding this control mechanism by ectopic expression of a miRNA-resistant NSP2 transgene enhances the symbiotic permissiveness to arbuscular endomycorrhizal fungi. Such engineered plants may possess enhanced capacities for nutrient uptake. However, the trade-off of this strategy on plant development or other symbiotic interactions, like nodulation, is yet to be fully understood.<br><br>METHOD: We used the nodulating Cannabaceae species Parasponia andersonii as an experimental system to study the effect of ectopic NSP2 expression. Parasponia and legumes (Fabaceae) diverged 100 million years ago, providing a unique comparative system to dissect the nodulation trait.<br><br>RESULTS: Six independent transgenic Parasponia lines were generated that differed in the level of NSP2 expression in the root from 6 to 95-fold higher when compared to the empty vector control plants. Analysis of these plants revealed a positive correlation between mycorrhization and the NSP2 expression level, as well as with the expression of the symbiosis transcription factor CYCLOPS and the rate-limiting enzyme in the carotenoid biosynthetic pathway PHYTOENE SYNTHASE1 (PSY1). Yet ectopic expression of NSP2 affected plant architecture and root nodule organogenesis.<br><br>DISCUSSION: This indicates a significant trade-off when leveraging NSP2 over-expression to enhance endomycorrhization.},
}
@article {pmid39544200,
year = {2021},
author = {Dar, MA and Shaikh, AF and Pawar, KD and Xie, R and Sun, J and Kandasamy, S and Pandit, RS},
title = {Evaluation of cellulose degrading bacteria isolated from the gut-system of cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera and their potential values in biomass conversion.},
journal = {PeerJ},
volume = {9},
number = {},
pages = {e11254},
pmid = {39544200},
issn = {2167-8359},
mesh = {Animals ; *Cellulose/metabolism ; *Bacteria/metabolism/isolation &amp; purification/genetics/classification ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome/physiology ; Biomass ; Moths/microbiology ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics ; Phylogeny ; Symbiosis/physiology ; Gastrointestinal Tract/microbiology ; Cellulase/metabolism ; Carboxymethylcellulose Sodium/metabolism ; Helicoverpa armigera ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera is a widely distributed, devastating pest of over 200 crop plants that mainly consist of some cellulosic materials. Despite its economic importance as a pest, little is known about the diversity and community structure of gut symbiotic bacteria potentially functioned in cellulose digestion in different gut-sections of H. armigera. In view of this lacuna, we attempted to evaluate and characterize cellulose-degrading bacteria (CDB) from foregut, midgut, and hindgut -regions of H. armigera by using a culture-dependent approach.<br><br>METHODOLOGY: The symbiotic bacteria were isolated from different gut-systems of H. armigera by enrichment techniques using Carboxymethyl cellulose sodium salt (CMC) as carbon source. The isolated bacteria were purified and subsequently screened for cellulose-degradation by plate-based method to display the zones of CMC clearance around the colonies. The identification and phylogeny of the gut-bacteria were reconstructed by using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Different enzymes such as endoglucanase, exoglucanase, &#x3b2;-glucosidase, and xylanase were assayed to determine the cellulolytic repertoire of the isolated bacteria.<br><br>RESULTS: The enrichment of CDB and subsequent plate based screening methods resulted in isolation of 71 bacteria among which 54% of the bacteria were obtained from foregut. Among the isolated bacteria, 25 isolates showed discernible cellulose-degradation potential on CMC-agar plates. The phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene amplification and sequencing affiliated these cellulolytic bacteria to two major phyla viz., Firmicutes and Proteobacteria. The members of the genus Klebsiella accounted for 39.43% of the total isolated bacteria while 31% of the Bacillus strains were enriched from hindgut region. The principal component analysis (PCA) further suggested that the members of Bacillus and Klebsiella together dominated the foregut and hindgut regions as they accounted for 68% of the total CDB. The four potential isolates selected on the basis of plate-based activities were further evaluated for their lignocellulases production by using various agricultural wastes as substrates. The PCA of the enzyme activities demonstrated that potential isolates majorly secreted endoglucanase and xylanase enzymes. Among the agro-wastes, multivariate analysis validated wheat husk (WH) and sugarcane bagasse (SCB) as most favorable substrates for xylanase and endoglucanase productions respectively. The overall findings suggest that H. armigera harbors diverse bacterial communities in different gut-sections that could assist the host in digestion processes, which may potentially serve as a valuable reservoir of some unique symbionts applied for biomass conversion in biofuel industry.},
}
@article {pmid39538981,
year = {2024},
author = {Matthews, AE and Trevelline, BK and Wijeratne, AJ and Boves, TJ},
title = {Picky eaters: Selective microbial diet of avian ectosymbionts.},
journal = {The Journal of animal ecology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/1365-2656.14215},
pmid = {39538981},
issn = {1365-2656},
support = {1564954//National Science Foundation Division of Undergraduate Education/ ; 1564954//Division of Undergraduate Education/ ; //American Ornithological Society/ ; //Arkansas Audubon Society Trust/ ; //A-State Student Research and Creativity Grant/ ; //P.E.O. Scholar Award/ ; },
abstract = {Individual organisms can function as ecosystems inhabited by symbionts. Symbionts may interact with each other in ways that subsequently influence their hosts positively or negatively, although the details of how these interactions operate collectively are usually not well understood. Vane-dwelling feather mites are common ectosymbionts of birds and are proposed to confer benefits to hosts by consuming feather-degrading microbes. However, it is unknown whether these mites exhibit generalist or selective diets, or how their dietary selection could potentially impact their symbiotic functional nature. In this study, we conducted 16S rDNA and ITS1 amplicon sequencing to examine the microbial diet of feather mites. We characterized and compared the diversity and composition of bacteria and fungi in the bodies of mites living on feathers of the Prothonotary Warbler, Protonotaria citrea, to microbial assemblages present on the same feathers. We found less diverse, more compositionally similar microbial assemblages within mites than on feathers. We also found that mites were resource-selective. Based on the identity and known functions of microbes found within and presumably preferred by mites, our results suggest that these mites selectively consume feather-degrading microbes. Therefore, our results support the proposition that mites confer benefits to their hosts. This study provides insight into symbioses operating at multiple biological levels, highlights the ecological and evolutionary importance of the synergistic interactions between species, and greatly expands our understanding of feather mite biology.},
}
@article {pmid39536936,
year = {2024},
author = {Hurtado, AC and Ruhland, F and Drabo, S and Smeets, T and Checconi, B and Herrera, RC and Verheggen, FJ},
title = {To be a good killer: Evaluation of morphometry and nematodes-bacteria complex effect on entomopathogenic nematodes virulence against wireworms.},
journal = {Journal of invertebrate pathology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {108231},
doi = {10.1016/j.jip.2024.108231},
pmid = {39536936},
issn = {1096-0805},
abstract = {Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) have emerged as a promising tool for controlling soil-dwelling crop pests. However, their efficacy varies according to EPN populations and targeted hosts. Wireworms are polyphagous insects causing significant crop losses, especially since the ban on pesticides previously used for their control. They are highly resistant to EPN populations and require high number of infective juveniles (IJs) to achieve optimal mortality rates. In this research, we collected and compared the virulence of 16 EPN populations, of foreign origin, purchased or collected from wireworms infested fields. Then, we have tested two hypotheses: (i) smaller nematodes induce heightened mortality rates against wireworms; (ii) virulence levels can be linked to nematodes-bacteria complex. Mortality rates scaled from three to 43 % after 56 days of continuous exposure across the 16 tested EPN populations (Heterorhabditis spp and Steinernema spp.). Morphometric analysis of IJs revealed both intra- and interspecific variations in length and diameter among populations. Interestingly, while EPN length influence mortality at three days post-inoculation. We found leaner IJs (< 25 µm) to induce higher mortality rates at 56 days post-inoculation. To better determine the structure and dimensions of the primary entry routes utilized by EPNs, we provide optical microscope micrographs of wireworm Agriotes spp. spiracle, anal sclerotized coating anus and anal muscles. Symbiotic bacteria of each EPN population were identified, and a biochemical characterization was performed using Analytical Profile Index tests. The symbiotic bacteria belong to the species Photorhabdus antumapuensis, P. laumondii subsp. laumondii, P. thracensis, Xenorhabdus bovienii and X nematophila. Bacteria biochemical profiles did not reflect the differences in virulence of nematodes-bacteria complex against wireworms. These findings highlight the importance of considering EPN morphometry and intraspecific variability in designing applications to control wireworms.},
}
@article {pmid39536798,
year = {2024},
author = {Fanara, M and Papazi, A and Pirintsos, S and Kotzabasis, K},
title = {Hydrogen production capabilities of lichens micro-ecosystem under extreme salinity, crystalline salt exposure, and simulated Mars-like conditions.},
journal = {Journal of biotechnology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.jbiotec.2024.11.004},
pmid = {39536798},
issn = {1873-4863},
abstract = {This work aims to demonstrate the extremophilic behavior of the lichen Pleurosticta acetabulum at extreme salinities, while maintaining its metabolic capacity to produce hydrogen. Lichen is a special micro-ecosystem that includes mostly a fungus and a green alga or cyanobacterium, as well as a microbiome. The peculiarity of this symbiotic system is its ability to dry out completely and stay inactive to survive harsh conditions. Lichens that had been dehydrated for six months revived quickly when rehydrated, restoring their photosynthetic efficiency and ability to produce hydrogen. The lichen microbiome was crucial for hydrogen production, especially through dark fermentation. The experiments of this work showed that lichen during its exposure to different salinity conditions (0%NaCl - control, 3,5%NaCl - sea salt concentration, 36%NaCl - saturated salt concentration), but also after exposure to crystalline salt (100%NaCl) could maintain the structure and the functionality of its photosynthetic apparatus. This was tested using chlorophyll a fluorescence induction measurements. Based on the results of thermal conductivity gas chromatography (GC-TCD) for the determination of hydrogen production, it was shown that despite being exposed to extreme salinity conditions, lichens maintained its ability to produce hydrogen. The experimental combination of lichen exposure to extreme salinities (up to 100% NaCl), with an extreme atmosphere (100% CO2) and low atmospheric pressure (<10mbar), simulating Mars conditions, highlighted the functional potential of the lichen for survival in a Mars-like environment. This lichen's ability to withstand extreme conditions and to produce large amounts of hydrogen, makes it a promising candidate for future biotechnological applications, even in challenging environments like Mars, opening new astrobiological and astrobiotechnological perspectives.},
}
@article {pmid39536370,
year = {2024},
author = {Anthony, CJ and Lock, C and Pérez-Rosales, G and Rouzé, H and Paulino, L and Raymundo, LJ and Bentlage, B},
title = {Symbiodiniaceae phenotypic traits as bioindicators of acclimatization after coral transplantation.},
journal = {Marine pollution bulletin},
volume = {209},
number = {Pt B},
pages = {117250},
doi = {10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.117250},
pmid = {39536370},
issn = {1879-3363},
abstract = {Coral-dinoflagellate symbiosis underpins coral reef resilience and influences conservation success, given the relationship's role in coral bleaching. Here, we transplanted Guam's dominant staghorn coral, Acropora pulchra, across four coral gardens and monitored their endosymbiotic dinoflagellates (family Symbiodiniaceae) for ∼15 months (May 2021-August 2022). Transplantation and predation resulted in temporary symbiotic destabilization, as signaled by increased cell roughness and decreased cell density. Eventually, the Symbiodiniaceae phenotypic profile mostly converged with the wild population, although cell density and red fluorescing photopigments remained modified. In March, corals paled, which allowed us to evaluate the Symbiodiniaceae assemblage's relationship with host color. Interestingly, cell density was not the most informative when predicting host color. Instead, fluorescence from antioxidant-associated pigments were most informative. We conclude that Symbiodiniaceae phenotypic traits respond differently depending on the condition, supporting their development as acclimatization bioindicators.},
}
@article {pmid39536342,
year = {2024},
author = {Guo, W and Li, J and Wu, Z and Chi, G and Lu, C and Ma, J and Hu, Y and Zhu, B and Yang, M and Chen, X and Liu, H},
title = {Biodegradable and conventional mulches inhibit nitrogen fixation by peanut root nodules - potentially related to microplastics in the soil.},
journal = {Journal of hazardous materials},
volume = {480},
number = {},
pages = {136423},
doi = {10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.136423},
pmid = {39536342},
issn = {1873-3336},
abstract = {Mulching has been demonstrated to improve the soil environment and promote plant growth. However, the effects of mulching and mulch-derived microplastics (MPs) on nitrogen fixation by root nodules remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the effects of polyethylene (PE) and polylactic acid-polybutylene adipate-co-terephthalate (PLA-PBAT) film mulching on nitrogen fixation by root nodules after 4 years of continuous mulching using [15]N tracer technology. Additionally, we examined the relationship between nitrogen fixation and MPs. We found a reduction in the proportion of nitrogen fixation by nodules (54.3 %-58.7 %) due to mulching. This decrease may be attributed to reduced dinitrogenase activity and flavonoid content at the seedling stage caused by mulching, and mulching with PLA-PBAT films significantly decreased the abundance of Bradyrhizobium at maturity. Furthermore, combined analysis of nitrogen-fixing bacteria (nifH) and metabolomes indicated that N-lauroylethanolamine may act as a regulatory signal influencing the root nodule nitrogen fixation process and that mulching resulted in significant changes in its content. The mantel test and PLS-PM suggest that microplastic from mulching may harm root nodule nitrogen fixation. This study reveals the influence of mulching on plant nitrogen uptake and the potential threat of mulch-derived microplastics, with a special focus on root nodule nitrogen fixation.},
}
@article {pmid39536009,
year = {2024},
author = {Voolstra, CR},
title = {Youthful insight: Nitrogen sequestration in larvae provides clues to coral bleaching.},
journal = {PLoS biology},
volume = {22},
number = {11},
pages = {e3002890},
pmid = {39536009},
issn = {1545-7885},
mesh = {Animals ; *Anthozoa/metabolism/physiology ; *Nitrogen/metabolism ; *Larva/metabolism ; *Symbiosis/physiology ; Glucose/metabolism ; Coral Reefs ; },
abstract = {Impaired nutrient cycling under thermal stress foregoes coral bleaching, the loss of symbiotic algae. A new study in PLOS Biology sheds light on how coral larvae avoid bleaching through nitrogen sequestration to uphold glucose translocation from their algal symbionts.},
}
@article {pmid39533700,
year = {2024},
author = {Fourreau, CJL and Macrina, L and Lalas, JAA and Takahata, A and Koido, T and Reimer, JD},
title = {The Trojan seahorse: citizen science pictures of a seahorse harbour insights into the distribution and behaviour of a long-overlooked polychaete worm.},
journal = {Proceedings. Biological sciences},
volume = {291},
number = {2034},
pages = {20241780},
pmid = {39533700},
issn = {1471-2954},
support = {//MEXT (Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan)/ ; //Japan Society of the Promotion of Science (JSPS)/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Polychaeta/physiology ; Japan ; *Smegmamorpha/physiology ; Citizen Science ; Symbiosis ; Anthozoa/physiology ; Animal Distribution ; },
abstract = {Symbiotic marine invertebrates can be small, hidden or difficult to find, hampering the understanding of their distribution and ecological roles. Haplosyllis anthogorgicola is a polychaete inhabiting the gorgonian Anthogorgia bocki, where it lives in high densities within the host's coenenchyme and occupies burrows formed by host tissue near coral polyps. This study provides the first records of H. anthogorgicola since its description in 1956, from colonies of Anthogorgiidae in southern Japan. We observed that host gorgonians were also inhabited by the pygmy seahorse Hippocampus bargibanti, a popular species to observe and photograph among SCUBA divers. Therefore, we examined photographic records of H. bargibanti available on the citizen science website iNaturalist and screened for structures associated with infestation by H. anthogorgicola to gather information on this elusive species. Our analyses confirmed that this polychaete and/or similar species are widespread in the central Indo-Pacific region. In addition, we observed some polychaete behaviours, raising questions about the nature of the relationships between H. anthogorgicola, its gorgonian hosts and the pygmy seahorse. Our study demonstrates that citizen science can contribute to our knowledge not only on the distribution and behaviour of well known and charismatic species but also inadvertently on overlooked and neglected taxa.},
}
@article {pmid39532979,
year = {2024},
author = {Timmins-Schiffman, E and Duselis, E and Brown, T and Axworthy, JB and Backstrom, CH and Riffle, M and Dilworth, J and Kenkel, CD and Rodrigues, LJ and Nunn, BL and Padilla-Gamiño, JL},
title = {Reproductive resilience: pathways to gametogenic success in Montipora capitata after bleaching.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {14},
number = {1},
pages = {27765},
pmid = {39532979},
issn = {2045-2322},
support = {1655888//Division of Integrative Organismal Systems/ ; 1655682//Division of Integrative Organismal Systems/ ; 1655682//Division of Integrative Organismal Systems/ ; 2044840//Directorate for Biological Sciences/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Gametogenesis ; *Anthozoa/physiology ; *Reproduction ; Proteomics/methods ; Symbiosis ; Coral Reefs ; Climate Change ; },
abstract = {Thermal bleaching, or the loss of symbiotic algae that provide most energetic resources for the coral host, is an increasing threat to reefs worldwide and is projected to worsen with climate change. While bleaching is a well-recognized threat, the impact on the process of reproduction in bleaching survivors is not well resolved, despite being central to coral resilience. Montipora capitata can survive bleaching while completing a full gametogenic cycle, offering an ideal system to study gametogenic resilience and physiological tradeoffs. We experimentally bleached fragments of M. capitata colonies and followed their gametogenesis and physiological responses for 10 months (six time points). All bleached colonies produced gametes at the same time as controls, suggesting that reproductive processes were energetically prioritized. However, proteomic analysis revealed tradeoffs and delays in activating key physiological processes earlier in gametogenesis in areas such as skeletal growth and reproductive hormone synthesis. Tradeoffs during the gametogenic cycle, likely a direct response to thermal bleaching, resulted in smaller oocytes from bleached colonies, potentially indicating decreased transfer of parental resources to gametes. While gametogenesis is likely to continue in this species, it is unknown how the fecundity, synchrony of spawning, viability and success of future offspring may be impacted by future bleaching events.},
}
@article {pmid39531470,
year = {2024},
author = {Huffmyer, AS and Ashey, J and Strand, E and Chiles, EN and Su, X and Putnam, HM},
title = {Coral larvae increase nitrogen assimilation to stabilize algal symbiosis and combat bleaching under increased temperature.},
journal = {PLoS biology},
volume = {22},
number = {11},
pages = {e3002875},
pmid = {39531470},
issn = {1545-7885},
mesh = {Animals ; *Symbiosis/physiology ; *Anthozoa/metabolism/physiology ; *Larva/metabolism ; *Nitrogen/metabolism ; *Photosynthesis ; Coral Reefs ; Temperature ; Dinoflagellida/metabolism/physiology ; Hot Temperature ; Carbon/metabolism ; Hawaii ; },
abstract = {Rising sea surface temperatures are increasingly causing breakdown in the nutritional relationship between corals and algal endosymbionts (Symbiodiniaceae), threatening the basis of coral reef ecosystems and highlighting the critical role of coral reproduction in reef maintenance. The effects of thermal stress on metabolic exchange (i.e., transfer of fixed carbon photosynthates from symbiont to host) during sensitive early life stages, however, remains understudied. We exposed symbiotic Montipora capitata coral larvae in Hawai'i to high temperature (+2.5°C for 3 days), assessed rates of photosynthesis and respiration, and used stable isotope tracing (4 mM 13C sodium bicarbonate; 4.5 h) to quantify metabolite exchange. While larvae did not show any signs of bleaching and did not experience declines in survival and settlement, metabolic depression was significant under high temperature, indicated by a 19% reduction in respiration rates, but with no change in photosynthesis. Larvae exposed to high temperature showed evidence for maintained translocation of a major photosynthate, glucose, from the symbiont, but there was reduced metabolism of glucose through central carbon metabolism (i.e., glycolysis). The larval host invested in nitrogen cycling by increasing ammonium assimilation, urea metabolism, and sequestration of nitrogen into dipeptides, a mechanism that may support the maintenance of glucose translocation under thermal stress. Host nitrogen assimilation via dipeptide synthesis appears to be used for nitrogen limitation to the Symbiodiniaceae, and we hypothesize that nitrogen limitation contributes to retention of fixed carbon by favoring photosynthate translocation to the host. Collectively, our findings indicate that although these larvae are susceptible to metabolic stress under high temperature, diverting energy to nitrogen assimilation to maintain symbiont population density, photosynthesis, and carbon translocation may allow larvae to avoid bleaching and highlights potential life stage specific metabolic responses to stress.},
}
@article {pmid39528023,
year = {2024},
author = {He, Q and Zhang, Q and Li, M and He, J and Lin, B and Wu, NP and Chen, JJ and Liu, XH and Dong, XQ},
title = {Harnessing diurnal dynamics: Understanding the influence of light-dark cycle on algal-bacterial symbiotic system under aniline stress.},
journal = {Bioresource technology},
volume = {416},
number = {},
pages = {131796},
doi = {10.1016/j.biortech.2024.131796},
pmid = {39528023},
issn = {1873-2976},
abstract = {To assess the inherent effects of light-dark cycle on the aniline degradation and nitrogen removal in algal-bacterial symbiotic system, three groups with different photoperiods (0L:12D;6L:6D;12L:0D) were set up. The results revealed that the aniline degradation rate of the three systems all surpassed 99 %, the total nitrogen removal rate of Z2-6L:6D was approximately 36 % higher than Z1-0L:12D eventually, the Z1-0L:12D was restrained by NH4[+]-N assimilation and nitrification while anoxic denitrification in Z3-12L:0D. The disappearance of microalgae biomass was accompanied by the sharp decreased of polysaccharide in Z1 and longer illumination suppressed the secretion of extracellular polymeric substances, the Z3 yielded slightly superior biomass production despite the double illumination compared with Z2. Moreover, high throughput sequencing analysis illustrated that the microbial community structure in Z2 was more abundant and even than Z3, the TM7a, norank_f__norank_o__Saccharimonadales, Ellin6067 and Scenedesmus proliferated wildly and the photoinhibition to functional genus was effectively alleviated in Z2.},
}
@article {pmid39533947,
year = {2024},
author = {Serga, S and Kovalenko, PA and Maistrenko, OM and Deconninck, G and Shevchenko, O and Iakovenko, N and Protsenko, Y and Susulovsky, A and Kaczmarek, &#x141; and Pavlovska, M and Convey, P and Kozeretska, I},
title = {Wolbachia in Antarctic terrestrial invertebrates: Absent or undiscovered?.},
journal = {Environmental microbiology reports},
volume = {16},
number = {6},
pages = {e70040},
pmid = {39533947},
issn = {1758-2229},
support = {//Ukrainian State Special-Purpose Research Program in Antarctica for 2011-2025/ ; //Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)/ ; 22-28778S//Czech Science Foundation/ ; RVO 67985904//Czech Science Foundation/ ; CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_019/0000803//OP RDE/ ; EVA4.0//OP RDE/ ; ANR-20-CE02-0011-01//ANR (Agence Nationale de la Recherche Fran&#xe7;aise)/ ; //Scholarship from the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine for Young Scientists/ ; //PAUSE-ANR Ukraine Program/ ; },
mesh = {*Wolbachia/genetics/classification/isolation &amp; purification/physiology ; Animals ; Antarctic Regions ; *Invertebrates/microbiology ; *Symbiosis ; Phylogeny ; },
abstract = {Interactions between a host organism and its associated microbiota, including symbiotic bacteria, play a crucial role in host adaptation to changing environmental conditions. Antarctica provides a unique environment for the establishment and maintenance of symbiotic relationships. One of the most extensively studied symbiotic bacteria in invertebrates is Wolbachia pipientis, which is associated with a wide variety of invertebrates. Wolbachia is known for manipulating host reproduction and having obligate or facultative mutualistic relationships with various hosts. However, there is a lack of clear understanding of the prevalence of Wolbachia in terrestrial invertebrates in Antarctica. We present the outcomes of a literature search for information on the occurrence of Wolbachia in each of the major taxonomic groups of terrestrial invertebrates (Acari, Collembola, Diptera, Rotifera, Nematoda, Tardigrada). We also performed profiling of prokaryotes based on three marker genes and Kraken2 in available whole genome sequence data obtained from Antarctic invertebrate samples. We found no reports or molecular evidence of Wolbachia in these invertebrate groups in Antarctica. We discuss possible reasons underlying this apparent absence and suggest opportunities for more targeted future research to confirm bacteria's presence or absence.},
}
@article {pmid39532738,
year = {2024},
author = {Fu, M and Liu, Y and Li, S and Yan, D and Liu, P and Liu, Y and Ji, M},
title = {The Spatial Dynamics of Diazotrophs in the Forefield of Three Tibetan Glaciers.},
journal = {Microbial ecology},
volume = {87},
number = {1},
pages = {138},
pmid = {39532738},
issn = {1432-184X},
support = {42171138//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 32161123004//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 32161123004//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 42171138//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 42171138//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 42171138//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 32161123004//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; },
mesh = {*Ice Cover/microbiology ; Tibet ; *Soil Microbiology ; *Nitrogen Fixation ; Soil/chemistry ; Nitrogen/metabolism ; Ecosystem ; Bacteria/classification/metabolism/genetics/isolation &amp; purification/enzymology ; Nitrogen-Fixing Bacteria/metabolism/classification/isolation &amp; purification/genetics ; Phylogeny ; Microbiota ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics ; },
abstract = {Nitrogen is often a limiting nutrient for microbial communities and plants in glacier forefields. Nitrogen-fixing microorganisms (diazotrophs) play an important role in providing bioavailable nitrogen, with their composition determining the nitrogen-fixating capacities. This study investigates the spatial and temporal dynamics of diazotrophs in the forefields of three Tibetan glaciers: Qiangyong, Kuoqionggangri, and Longxiazailongba. We collected soil samples from recently deglaciated barren grounds, and also along an ecosystem succession transect at Kuoqionggangri glacier, encompassing barren ground, herb steppe, legume steppe, and alpine meadow ecosystems. Our finding revealed abundant and diverse diazotrophs in the recently deglaciated barren ground. They are taxonomically affiliated with anaerobic Bradyrhizobium, Desulfobulbus, and Pelobacter, which may be relics from subglacial sediments. The vegetated soils (herb steppe, legume steppe, and alpine meadow) were dominated by phototrophic Nostoc and Anabaena, as well as symbiotic Sinorhizobium. Soil physicochemical parameters, such as soil organic carbon, pH, and nitrate ion, significantly influenced diazotroph community structure. This study highlights the critical role of diazotrophs in mitigating nitrogen limitation during early ecosystem development in glacier forefields. Understanding the distribution and ecological drivers of diazotrophs in these rapidly changing environments provides insights into biogeochemical cycling and ecosystem resilience under climate change.},
}
@article {pmid39530649,
year = {2024},
author = {Giovannini, L and Pagliarani, C and Cañizares, E and Sillo, F and Chitarra, W and De Rose, S and Zampieri, E and Ioannou, A and Spanos, A and Vita, F and González-Guzmán, M and Fotopoulos, V and Arbona, V and Balestrini, R},
title = {Mycorrhization and chemical seed priming boost tomato stress tolerance by shifts of primary and defence metabolic pathways.},
journal = {Journal of experimental botany},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/jxb/erae457},
pmid = {39530649},
issn = {1460-2431},
abstract = {Priming modulates plant stress responses before the stress appears, increasing the ability of the primed plant to endure adverse conditions and thrive. In this context, we investigated the effect of biological (i.e., arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, AMF) agents and natural compounds (i.e., salicylic acid applied alone or combined with chitosan) against water deficit and salinity on a commercial tomato genotype (cv. Moneymaker). Effects of seed treatments on AMF colonization were evaluated, demonstrating the possibility of using them in combination. Responses to water and salt stresses were analysed on primed plants alone or in combination with the AMF inoculum in soil. Trials were conducted on potted plants by subjecting them to water deficit or salt stress. The effectiveness of chemical seed treatments, both alone and in combination with post-germination AM fungal inoculation, was investigated using a multidisciplinary approach that included eco-physiology, biochemistry, transcriptomics, and untargeted metabolomics. Results showed that chemical seed treatment and AM symbiosis modified the tomato response to water deficit and salinity triggering a remodelling of both transcriptome and metabolome, which ultimately elicited the plant antioxidant and osmoprotective machinery. The plant physiological adaptation to both stress conditions improved, confirming the success of the adopted approaches in enhancing stress tolerance.},
}
@article {pmid39530356,
year = {2024},
author = {Liu, Y and Luo, R and Bai, S and Lemaitre, B and Zhang, H and Li, X},
title = {Pathobiont and symbiont contribute to microbiota homeostasis through Malpighian tubules-gut countercurrent flow in Bactrocera dorsalis.},
journal = {The ISME journal},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/ismejo/wrae221},
pmid = {39530356},
issn = {1751-7370},
abstract = {Host-gut microbiota interactions are more complex than good or bad. Both gut symbiotic bacteria and pathobionts can provide essential functions to their host in one scenario and yet be detrimental to host health in another. So, these gut-dwelling bacteria must be tightly controlled to avoid harmful effects on the host. However, how pathobionts and other symbiotic bacteria coordinate to establish a host immune defense system remains unclear. Here, using a Tephritidae fruit fly Bactrocera dorsalis, we report that both pathobionts and other gut symbiotic bacteria release tyramine, which is recognized by the host insects. These tyramines induce the formation of insect-conserved Malpighian tubules-gut countercurrent flow upon bacterial infection, which requires tyramine receptors and aquaporins. At the same time, pathobionts but not gut symbiotic bacteria induce the generation of reactive oxygen species, which are preserved by the countercurrent flow, promoting bacteria elimination through increasing gut peristalsis. More importantly, our results show that the Malpighian tubules-gut countercurrent flow maintains proper microbiota composition. Our work suggests a model where pathobiont-induced reactive oxygen species are preserved by Malpighian tubules-gut countercurrent flow involving both pathobionts and symbiotic bacteria. Furthermore, our work provides a Malpighian tubules-gut interaction that ensures efficient maintenance of the gut microbiota.},
}
@article {pmid39529628,
year = {2024},
author = {López-Rodríguez, MR and Gérikas Ribeiro, C and Rodríguez-Marconi, S and Parada-Pozo, G and Manrique-de-la-Cuba, M and Trefault, N},
title = {Stable dominance of parasitic dinoflagellates in Antarctic sponges.},
journal = {PeerJ},
volume = {12},
number = {},
pages = {e18365},
pmid = {39529628},
issn = {2167-8359},
mesh = {Antarctic Regions ; *Dinoflagellida/genetics/physiology ; Animals ; *Porifera/parasitology ; Symbiosis ; Seawater/parasitology/microbiology ; Biodiversity ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Marine sponges are dominant components of Antarctic benthos and representative of the high endemism that characterizes this environment. All microbial groups are part of the Antarctic sponge holobionts, but microbial eukaryotes have been studied less, and their symbiotic role still needs to be better understood. Here, we characterize the dynamics of microbial eukaryotes associated with Antarctic sponges, focusing on dinoflagellates over three summer periods to better understand the members, interannual variations, and trophic and lifestyle strategies.<br><br>RESULTS: The analysis revealed that dinoflagellates dominate microeukaryotic communities in Antarctic sponges. The results also showed significant differences in the diversity and composition of dinoflagellate communities associated with sponges compared to those in seawater. Antarctic sponges were dominated by a single dinoflagellate family, Syndiniales Dino-Group-I-Clade 1, which was present in high abundance in Antarctic sponges compared to seawater communities. Despite minor differences, the top microeukaryotic amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) showed no significant interannual abundance changes, indicating general temporal stability within the studied sponge species. Our findings highlight the abundance and importance of parasitic groups, particularly the classes Coccidiomorphea, Gregarinomorphea, and Ichthyosporea, with the exclusive dominance of Syndiniales Dino-Group-I-Clade 1 within sponges.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: The present study comprehensively characterizes the microbial eukaryotes associated with Antarctic sponges, showing a remarkable stability of parasitic dinoflagellates in Antarctic sponges. These findings underscore the significant role of parasites in these marine hosts, with implications for population dynamics of the microeukaryome and the holobiont response to a changing ocean.},
}
@article {pmid39528551,
year = {2024},
author = {Shimoda, Y and Yamaya-Ito, H and Hakoyama, T and Sato, S and Kaneko, T and Shibata, S and Kawaguchi, M and Suganuma, N and Hayashi, M and Kouchi, H and Umehara, Y},
title = {A mitochondrial metalloprotease FtsH4 is required for symbiotic nitrogen fixation in Lotus japonicus nodules.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {14},
number = {1},
pages = {27578},
pmid = {39528551},
issn = {2045-2322},
support = {JPMJMI20E4//JST-Mirai Program/ ; 21K05335//Japan Society for the Promotion of Science/ ; 17570044//Japan Society for the Promotion of Science/ ; },
mesh = {*Nitrogen Fixation ; *Lotus/genetics/microbiology/metabolism ; *Symbiosis ; *Root Nodules, Plant/metabolism/microbiology ; *Plant Proteins/metabolism/genetics ; Mitochondria/metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Mutation ; Metalloproteases/metabolism/genetics ; },
abstract = {Symbiotic nitrogen fixation is a highly coordinated process involving legume plants and nitrogen-fixing bacteria known as rhizobia. In this study, we investigated a novel Fix[-] mutant of the model legume Lotus japonicus that develops root nodules with endosymbiotic rhizobia but fails in nitrogen fixation. Map-based cloning identified the causal gene encoding the filamentation temperature-sensitive H (FtsH) protein, designated as LjFtsH4. The LjFtsH4 gene was expressed in all plant organs without increased levels during nodulation. Subcellular localization revealed that LjFtsH4, fused with a fluorescent protein, localized in mitochondria. The Ljftsh4 mutant nodules showed signs of premature senescence, including symbiosome membrane collapse and bacteroid disintegration. Additionally, nodule cells of Ljftsh4 mutant displayed mitochondria with indistinct crista structures. Grafting and complementation tests confirmed that the Fix[-] phenotype was determined by the root genotype, and that protease activity of LjFtsH4 was essential for nodule nitrogen fixation. Furthermore, the ATP content in Ljftsh4 mutant roots and nodules was lower than in the wild-type, suggesting reduced mitochondrial function. These findings underscore the critical role of LjFtsH4 in effective symbiotic nitrogen fixation in root nodules.},
}
@article {pmid39528032,
year = {2024},
author = {Wang, J and Tian, Q and Kang, J and Zhou, H and Yu, X and Qiu, G and Shen, L},
title = {Mechanistic insight of fungal-microalgal pellets in photobioreactor for heavy-metal wastewater bioremediation.},
journal = {Bioresource technology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {131794},
doi = {10.1016/j.biortech.2024.131794},
pmid = {39528032},
issn = {1873-2976},
abstract = {The high cost of harvesting microalgae limits their industrial application. Fungal-microalgal pellets can efficiently harvest microalgae and enhance heavy-metal adsorption. However, the molecular response mechanism of fungal-microalgal pellets under heavy-metal stress remains unclear. Fungal-microalgal pellets in a photobioreactor were used as a research object, and a 98 % harvesting efficiency could be achieved with adding exogenous carbon and nitrogen at pH 5.0-6.0 for 12 h of co-culture. Humic acid- and tryptophan-rich proteins in extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) participate in Cd(II) complexation. The Cd(II) response in fungal-microalgal pellets involves amino acids, glucose, lipids, energy metabolism, and antioxidant systems. The turning point was at 48 h. Proline, histidine, and glutamine synthesis and the adenosine-triphosphate (ATP) binding cassette (ABC) transport pathway play important roles in resistance to Cd(II) biotoxicity. This study provides a reference for the large-scale cultivation of fungal-microalgal symbiotic pellets and the practical application for industrial heavy-metal wastewater.},
}
@article {pmid39527696,
year = {2024},
author = {Jiang, J and Du, L and Zhu, JJ and Ku, AY and Ren, ZJ},
title = {Water Resource Recovery Facilities Empower the Electrolytic Hydrogen Economy.},
journal = {Environmental science &amp; technology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1021/acs.est.4c08054},
pmid = {39527696},
issn = {1520-5851},
abstract = {The global transition to net-zero emissions necessitates the integration of clean hydrogen as a key solution. To facilitate the required expansion of clean hydrogen production, sustainable water sources are required to support the electrolysis process. Utilizing nontraditional water sources such as water resource recovery facility (WRRF) effluents could potentially alleviate the water constraints and create cobenefits, but the real-world feasibility has not been explored in depth. Here, we investigated the geospatial interplay between WRRFs and H2 users in a clean hydrogen economy. We developed an optimization framework for contiguous U.S. that would identify H2 users-WRRF pairing through techno-economic constraint and multicriteria decision analysis, and we found that utilizing reclaimed water from WRRFs could save 66% (62-99%) of freshwater for clean hydrogen economy while accumulating $758 (275-1162) million annual national cost savings. The added benefits from H2 users to WRRFs such as pure oxygen aeration would provide a compelling new opportunity for infrastructural symbiosis but warrant a future investigation on its technical and economic feasibilities.},
}
@article {pmid39527333,
year = {2024},
author = {Deja-Sikora, E and Gołębiewski, M and Hrynkiewicz, K},
title = {Transcriptomic responses of Solanum tuberosum cv. Pirol to arbuscular mycorrhiza and potato virus Y (PVY) infection.},
journal = {Plant molecular biology},
volume = {114},
number = {6},
pages = {123},
pmid = {39527333},
issn = {1573-5028},
support = {OPUS 2016/23/B/NZ9/03417//Narodowe Centrum Nauki/ ; },
mesh = {*Solanum tuberosum/virology/microbiology/genetics ; *Mycorrhizae/physiology ; *Potyvirus/physiology ; *Plant Diseases/microbiology/virology/genetics ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; *Transcriptome ; *Symbiosis ; Plant Roots/microbiology/virology/genetics ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Host-Pathogen Interactions/genetics ; Glomeromycota/physiology ; Fungi ; },
abstract = {Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) serve as both plant symbionts and allies in resisting pathogens and environmental stresses. Mycorrhizal colonization of plant roots can influence the outcomes of plant-pathogen interactions by enhancing specific host defense mechanisms. The transcriptional responses induced by AMF in virus-infected plants remain largely unexplored. In the presented study, we employed a comprehensive transcriptomic approach and qPCR to investigate the molecular determinants underlying the interaction between AMF and potato virus Y (PVY) in Solanum tuberosum L. Our primary goal was to identify the symbiosis- and defense-related determinants activated in mycorrhizal potatoes facing PVY. Through a comparative analysis of mRNA transcriptomes in experimental treatments comprising healthy and PVY-infected potatoes colonized by two AMF species, Rhizophagus regularis or Funneliformis mosseae, we unveiled the overexpression of genes associated with mycorrhiza, including nutrient exchange, lipid transfer, and cell wall remodeling. Furthermore, we identified several differentially expressed genes upregulated in all mycorrhizal treatments that encoded pathogenesis-related proteins involved in plant immune responses, thus verifying the bioprotective role of AMF. We investigated the relationship between mycorrhiza levels and PVY levels in potato leaves and roots. We found accumulation of the virus in the leaves of mycorrhizal plants, but our studies additionally showed a reduced PVY content in potato roots colonized by AMF, which has not been previously demonstrated. Furthermore, we observed that a virus-dependent reduction in nutrient exchange could occur in mycorrhizal roots in the presence of PVY. These findings provide an insights into the interplay between virus and AMF.},
}
@article {pmid39507357,
year = {2024},
author = {Nakagami, S and Kajiwara, T and Tsuda, K and Sawa, S},
title = {CLE peptide signaling in plant-microbe interactions.},
journal = {Frontiers in plant science},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1481650},
pmid = {39507357},
issn = {1664-462X},
abstract = {Cell-cell communication is essential for both unicellular and multicellular organisms. Secreted peptides that act as diffusive ligands are utilized by eukaryotic organisms to transduce information between cells to coordinate developmental and physiological processes. In plants, The CLAVATA3/EMBRYO SURROUNDING REGION-RELATED (CLE) genes encode a family of secreted small peptides which play pivotal roles in stem cell homeostasis in various types of meristems. Accumulated evidence has revealed that CLE peptides mediate trans-kingdom interactions between plants and microbes, including pathogens and symbionts. This review highlights the emerging roles of CLE peptide signaling in plant-microbe interactions, focusing on their involvement in nodulation, immunity, and symbiosis with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Understanding these interactions provides insights into the sophisticated regulatory networks to balance plant growth and defense, enhancing our knowledge of plant biology and potential agricultural applications.},
}
@article {pmid39506671,
year = {2024},
author = {Burchardt, S and Czernicka, M and Kućko, A and Pokora, W and Kapusta, M and Domagalski, K and Jasieniecka-Gazarkiewicz, K and Karwaszewski, J and Wilmowicz, E},
title = {Exploring the response of yellow lupine (Lupinus luteus L.) root to drought mediated by pathways related to phytohormones, lipid, and redox homeostasis.},
journal = {BMC plant biology},
volume = {24},
number = {1},
pages = {1049},
pmid = {39506671},
issn = {1471-2229},
support = {9001960020/2024/00591//IDUB NCU/ ; 0180/DIA/2020/49//Ministerstwo Edukacji i Nauki/ ; 222/2015//Polish Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development/ ; },
mesh = {*Lupinus/genetics/metabolism/physiology ; *Plant Roots/metabolism/genetics ; *Oxidation-Reduction ; *Plant Growth Regulators/metabolism ; *Droughts ; *Lipid Metabolism/genetics ; *Homeostasis ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Transcriptome ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Yellow lupine (Lupinus luteus L.) is a high-protein crop of considerable economic and ecological significance. It has the ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen in symbiosis with Rhizobium, enriching marginal soils with this essential nutrient and reducing the need for artificial fertilizers. Additionally, lupine produces seeds with a high protein content, making it valuable for animal feed production. However, drought negatively affects lupine development, its mutualistic relationship with bacteria, and overall yield. To understand how lupine responds to this stress, global transcriptome sequencing was conducted, along with in-depth biochemical, chromatography, and microscopy analyses of roots subjected to drought. The results presented here contribute to strategies aimed at mitigating the effects of water deficit on lupine growth and development.<br><br>RESULTS: Based on RNA-seq, drought-specific genes were identified and annotated to biological pathways involved in phytohormone biosynthesis/signaling, lipid metabolism, and redox homeostasis. Our findings indicate that drought-induced disruption of redox balance characterized by the upregulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging enzymes, coincided with the accumulation of lipid-metabolizing enzymes, such as phospholipase D (PLD) and lipoxygenase (LOX). This disruption also led to modifications in lipid homeostasis, including increased levels of triacylglycerols (TAG) and free fatty acids (FFA), along with a decrease in polar lipid content. Additionally, the stress response involved alterations in the transcriptional regulation of the linolenic acid metabolism network, resulting in changes in the composition of fatty acids containing 18 carbons.<br><br>CONCLUSION: The first comprehensive global transcriptomic profiles of lupine roots, combined with the identification of key stress-responsive molecules, represent a significant advancement in understanding lupine's responses to abiotic stress. The increased expression of the &#x394;12DESATURASE gene and enhanced PLD activity lead to higher level of linoleic acid (18:2), which is subsequently oxidized by LOX, resulting in membrane damage and malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulation. Oxidative stress elevates the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and catalase (CAT), while the conversion of FFAs into TAGs provides protection against ROS. This research offers valuable molecular and biochemical candidates with significant potential to enhance drought tolerance . It enables innovative strategies in lupine breeding and crop improvement to address critical agricultural challenges.},
}
@article {pmid39526206,
year = {2024},
author = {Azamian, Y and Abdollahzad, H and Rezaeian, S and Rouhani, MH and Fatehi, MH},
title = {The Effect of Synbiotic Supplementation on Bone Complications, Anemia, and Gastrointestinal Function in Hemodialysis Patients: A Double-Blind Randomized Clinical Trial.},
journal = {Clinical nutrition research},
volume = {13},
number = {4},
pages = {272-283},
doi = {10.7762/cnr.2024.13.4.272},
pmid = {39526206},
issn = {2287-3732},
abstract = {UNLABELLED: Probiotics affect biomarkers indicative of bone formation, such as alkaline phosphatase (ALP), calcium status, bone mineralization, bone turnover markers and metabolism. This study aims to investigate the effects of synbiotic on gastrointestinal (GI) disorder, bone complications and anemia in hemodialysis (HD) patients. In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial study, HD patients received 2 symbiotic (n = 19) or placebo (n = 17) capsules daily for 12 weeks. GI function, serum levels of bone-specific biomarkers, and serum levels of anemia-specific biomarkers were assessed at the beginning and the end of study. GI function was assessed with gastrointestinal symptom rating scale questionnaire. The data were analyzed using SPSS. At the end of this study, parathyroid hormone levels decreased significantly in the synbiotic group (p = 0.039); however, in comparison to placebo group, the difference was not significant. Decrease of ALP levels in the synbiotic group were not statistically significant. However, a significant difference was seen between the 2 groups at the end of intervention (p = 0.037). Improvement in GI symptoms was observed in both groups, but the reduction rate was higher in the synbiotic group. Additionally, at the end of the study, a significant difference between the 2 groups was observed (p < 0.05). No statistically significant difference was observed in the levels of other factors within each group and between the 2 groups (p > 0.05). Symbiotic supplements after 12 weeks led to an improvement in GI function and ALP levels in HD patients. Further investigation into bone-mineral disorders in HD patients is necessary.<br><br>TRIAL REGISTRATION: Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials Identifier: IRCT20131013014994N7.},
}
@article {pmid39526132,
year = {2024},
author = {Liu, Q and Sun, T and Wang, P and Wang, L and Frantova, H and Hartmann, D and Perner, J and Sun, W and Pan, B},
title = {Significant role of symbiotic bacteria in the blood digestion and reproduction of Dermanyssus gallinae mites.},
journal = {ISME communications},
volume = {4},
number = {1},
pages = {ycae127},
doi = {10.1093/ismeco/ycae127},
pmid = {39526132},
issn = {2730-6151},
abstract = {Endosymbiotic bacteria significantly impact the fitness of their arthropod hosts. Dermanyssus gallinae, the poultry red mite, is a blood-feeding ectoparasite that exclusively feeds on avian blood. While there is a relatively comprehensive understanding of its microbial community structures across developmental stages based on 16S rRNA sequencing， the functional integration of these microbes within the host's physiology remains elusive. This study aims to elucidate the role of symbiotic bacteria in D. gallinae biology. 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing and fluorescence in situ hybridization revealed a prominent midgut-confinement bacterial microbiota with considerable diversity, out of which Kocuria and Bartonella A acted as the predominant bacterial genera inhabiting D. gallinae. The relative abundance of Bartonella A increased rapidly after blood-sucking, suggesting its adaptation to a blood-based diet and its pivotal role in post-engorgement activities. Some of the isolated bacterial strains from D. gallinae display hemolytic activity on blood agar, potentially aiding blood digestion. To corroborate this in vivo, antibiotic-mediated clearance was exploited to generate dysbiosed cohorts of D. gallinae mites, lacking some of the key bacterial species. Phenotypic assessments revealed that dysbiosed mites experienced delayed blood digestion and diminished reproductive capacity. Whole-genome sequencing identified Bartonella A as a new species within the genus Bartonella, exhibiting characteristics of an obligate symbiont. These findings underscore the significance of microbiota in poultry red mites and suggest microbiota-targeted strategies for controlling mite populations in poultry farms.},
}
@article {pmid39524932,
year = {2024},
author = {Tonetti, FR and Eguileor, A and Llorente, C},
title = {Goblet cells: guardians of gut immunity and their role in gastrointestinal diseases.},
journal = {eGastroenterology},
volume = {2},
number = {3},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1136/egastro-2024-100098},
pmid = {39524932},
issn = {2976-7296},
abstract = {Goblet cells (GCs) are specialised guardians lining the intestine. They play a critical role in gut defence and immune regulation. GCs continuously secrete mucus creating a physical barrier to protect from pathogens while harbouring symbiotic gut bacteria adapted to live within the mucus. GCs also form specialised GC-associated passages in a dynamic and regulated manner to deliver luminal antigens to immune cells, promoting gut tolerance and preventing inflammation. The composition of gut bacteria directly influences GC function, highlighting the intricate interplay between these components of a healthy gut. Indeed, imbalances in the gut microbiome can disrupt GC function, contributing to various gastrointestinal diseases like colorectal cancer, inflammatory bowel disease, cystic fibrosis, pathogen infections and liver diseases. This review explores the interplay between GCs and the immune system. We delve into the underlying mechanisms by which GC dysfunction contributes to the development and progression of gastrointestinal diseases. Finally, we examine current and potential treatments that target GCs and represent promising avenues for further investigation.},
}
@article {pmid39524557,
year = {2024},
author = {Li, H and Wang, Z and Yu, Y and Gao, W and Zhu, J and Zhang, H and Li, X and Liu, Y},
title = {Enhancing cold tolerance in tobacco through endophytic symbiosis with Piriformospora indica.},
journal = {Frontiers in plant science},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1459882},
doi = {10.3389/fpls.2024.1459882},
pmid = {39524557},
issn = {1664-462X},
abstract = {Tobacco, a warm-season crop originating from the Americas, is highly susceptible to cold stress. The utilization of symbiotic fungi as a means to bolster crops' resilience against abiotic stresses has been proven to be a potent strategy. In this study, we investigated the effect of endophytic fungus Piriformospora indica on the cold resistance of tobacco. When exposed to cold stress, the colonization of P.indica in tobacco roots effectively stimulates the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX). This, in turn, reduces the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), thereby mitigating oxidative damage. Additionally, P. indica elevates the levels of osmolytes, such as soluble sugars, proline, and soluble proteins, thus facilitating the restoration of osmotic balance. Under cold stress conditions, P. indica also induces the expression of cold-responsive genes. Furthermore, this fungus not only enhances photosynthesis in tobacco by stimulating the synthesis of photosynthetic pigments, strengthening Rubisco activity, and elevating PSII efficiency, but also fortifies tobacco's nitrogen assimilation by inducing the expression of nitrate transporter gene and activating enzymes related to nitrogen assimilation. Consequently, this synergistic optimization of nitrogen and carbon assimilation provides a solid material and energetic foundation for tobacco plants to withstand cold stress. Our study demonstrates that a mycorrhizal association between P. indica and tobacco seedlings provides multifaceted protection to tobacco plants against low-temperature stress and offers a valuable insight into how P. indica enhances the cold tolerance of tobacco.},
}
@article {pmid39524405,
year = {2024},
author = {Wang, Z and Liu, C and Song, X and Tie, Y and Wang, H and Liu, H and Lu, Q},
title = {Ophiostomatalean fungi associated with Polygraphus bark beetles in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China.},
journal = {MycoKeys},
volume = {110},
number = {},
pages = {93-115},
doi = {10.3897/mycokeys.110.135538},
pmid = {39524405},
issn = {1314-4049},
abstract = {Climate change has exacerbated outbreaks of forest pests worldwide. In recent years, bark beetles have caused significant damage to coniferous forests of the Northern Hemisphere. Polygraphus bark beetles are widely distributed secondary pests. Recently, tree mortality caused by these beetles on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau has been increasing; however, few studies have focused on their fungal associations. In the present study, we explored the diversity of ophiostomatalean fungi associated with these beetles on the north-eastern and southern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. We isolated 442 ophiostomatalean strains from adult beetles and their fresh galleries, specifically targeting Polygraphuspoligraphus and Polygraphusrudis infesting Piceacrassifolia and/or Pinusgriffithii. Based on phylogenetic and morphological features, we assigned the 442 strains to 16 species belonging to Grosmannia spp., Leptographium spp. and Ophiostoma spp. Amongst these, Ophiostomamaixiuense and Ophiostomabicolor were the most frequently isolated species, accounting for 20.8% and 18.1% of the total number of ophiostomatalean assemblages, respectively. By comparing their fungal communities, we found that the different patterns of fungal assemblages of bark beetles from the north-eastern and southern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau may be influenced by biogeographic barriers and host tree species. The results of this study enhance our understanding of bark beetle fungal assemblages, especially Polygraphus, on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, with implications for forest management under changing climate.},
}
@article {pmid39524061,
year = {2024},
author = {Mishra, S and Srivastava, A and Singh, A and Pandey, GC and Srivastava, G},
title = {An overview of symbiotic and pathogenic interactions at the fungi-plant interface under environmental constraints.},
journal = {Frontiers in fungal biology},
volume = {5},
number = {},
pages = {1363460},
doi = {10.3389/ffunb.2024.1363460},
pmid = {39524061},
issn = {2673-6128},
abstract = {The complex and dynamic interactions between fungi and plants constitute a critical arena in ecological science. In this comprehensive review paper, we explore the multifaceted relationships at the fungi-plant interface, encompassing both mutualistic and antagonistic interactions, and the environmental factors influencing these associations. Mutualistic associations, notably mycorrhizal relationships, play a pivotal role in enhancing plant health and ecological balance. On the contrary, fungal diseases pose a significant threat to plant health, agriculture, and natural ecosystems, such as rusts, smuts, powdery mildews, downy mildews, and wilts, which can cause extensive damage and lead to substantial economic losses. Environmental constraints encompassing abiotic and biotic factors are elucidated to understand their role in shaping the fungi-plant interface. Temperature, moisture, and soil conditions, along with the presence of other microbes, herbivores, and competing plants, significantly influence the outcome of these interactions. The interplay between mutualism and antagonism is emphasised as a key determinant of ecosystem health and stability. The implications of these interactions extend to overall ecosystem productivity, agriculture, and conservation efforts. The potential applications of this knowledge in bioremediation, biotechnology, and biocontrol strategies emphasise the importance of adapting to climate change. However, challenges and future directions in this field include the impacts of climate change, emerging fungal pathogens, genomic insights, and the role of the fungi-plant interface in restoration ecology. Hence, this review paper provides a comprehensive overview of fungi-plant interactions, their environmental influences, and their applications in agriculture, conservation, and ecological restoration.},
}
@article {pmid39524010,
year = {2024},
author = {Berrios, L and Peay, KG},
title = {Field Reduction of Ectomycorrhizal Fungi Has Cascading Effects on Soil Microbial Communities and Reduces the Abundance of Ectomycorrhizal Symbiotic Bacteria.},
journal = {Molecular ecology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e17585},
doi = {10.1111/mec.17585},
pmid = {39524010},
issn = {1365-294X},
support = {1845544//National Science Foundation/ ; 2021478//National Science Foundation/ ; 2109481//National Science Foundation/ ; //Stanford Doerr School of Sustainability Discovery/ ; },
abstract = {Specific interactions between bacteria and ectomycorrhizal fungi (EcMF) can benefit plant health, and saprotrophic soil fungi represent a potentially antagonistic guild to these mutualisms. Yet there is little field-derived experimental evidence showing how the relationship among these three organismal groups manifests across time. To bridge this knowledge gap, we experimentally reduced EcMF in forest soils and monitored both bacterial and fungal soil communities over the course of a year. Our analyses demonstrate that soil trenching shifts the community composition of fungal communities towards a greater abundance of taxa with saprotrophic traits, and this shift is linked to a decrease in both EcMF and a common ectomycorrhizal helper bacterial genus, Burkholderia, in a time-dependent manner. These results not only reveal the temporal nature of a widespread tripartite symbiosis between bacteria, EcMF and a shared host tree, but they also refine our understanding of the commonly referenced 'Gadgil effect' by illustrating the cascading effects of EcMF suppression and implicating soil saprotrophic fungi as potential antagonists on bacterial-EcMF interactions.},
}
@article {pmid39523450,
year = {2024},
author = {Munir, MU and Ali, SA and Chung, KHK and Kakinen, A and Javed, I and Davis, TP},
title = {Reverse engineering the Gut-Brain Axis and microbiome-metabolomics for symbiotic/pathogenic balance in neurodegenerative diseases.},
journal = {Gut microbes},
volume = {16},
number = {1},
pages = {2422468},
doi = {10.1080/19490976.2024.2422468},
pmid = {39523450},
issn = {1949-0984},
mesh = {*Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; Humans ; *Neurodegenerative Diseases/microbiology/metabolism ; *Brain-Gut Axis/physiology ; Animals ; Symbiosis ; Metabolomics ; Brain/metabolism/microbiology ; },
abstract = {Deciphering the molecular communications along the gut-brain axis can help in understanding the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases and exploiting the gut microbiome for therapeutics. However, gut microbes and their metabolites have a multifaceted role in mediating both brain physiology and neurodegenerative pathology. There is a lack of understanding of how and when this role is tipped in neurodegenerative diseases and what are those contributing factors, both at local (gut) and distal (neuronal) levels, that drive this imbalance. Here we have reviewed the gut microbiome and its metabolites in the context of the gut-brain axis and summarized how different factors such as gut-microbial diversity, their metabolites, the role of the native immune system and the integrity of gut epithelial and blood-brain barriers are interconnected and collectively define the involvement of gut-microbiome in neurodegenerative pathologies. It also underlines the need for multidisciplinary tools and animal models to simultaneously reflect on many of these factors and to better correlate with clinical observations and data obtained from human biopsies and fecal samples. Harnessing the gut-brain axis will herald a paradigm shift in medicine for neurodegenerative diseases and aging, emphasizing the significance of the microbiome in the broader spectrum of health and disease.},
}
@article {pmid39522891,
year = {2024},
author = {He, X and Hawkins, C and Lawley, L and Phan, TM and Park, I and Joven, N and Zhang, J and Wunderlich, M and Mizukawa, B and Pei, S and Patel, A and VanOudenhove, J and Halene, S and Fang, J},
title = {GPR68 supports AML cells through the calcium/calcineurin pro-survival pathway and confers chemoresistance by mediating glucose metabolic symbiosis.},
journal = {Biochimica et biophysica acta. Molecular basis of disease},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {167565},
doi = {10.1016/j.bbadis.2024.167565},
pmid = {39522891},
issn = {1879-260X},
abstract = {Accumulating evidence demonstrates that the "Warburg effect" that glycolysis is enhanced even in the presence of oxygen existed in hematopoietic malignancies, contributing to extracellular acidosis. G-protein coupled receptor 68 (GPR68), as a proton sensing GPCR responding to extracellular acidosis, is expected to play a critical role in hematopoietic malignancies. In the present study, we found that GPR68 was overexpressed in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells, and GPR68 deficiency impaired AML cell survival in vitro and cell engraftment in vivo. Mechanistic studies revealed that unlike GPR68 regulates Calpain1 in myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) cells, GPR68 deficiency reduced cytosolic Ca[2+] levels and calcineurin (CaN) activity in AML cells through an NFAT-independent mechanism. Moreover, the decreased Ca[2+] levels disturbed cellular respiration (i.e., oxidative phosphorylation, OxPhos) by inhibiting isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) activity; this was more pronounced when BCL2 was inhibited simultaneously. Interestingly, GPR68 inhibition also decreased aerobic glycolysis in AML cells in a Ca[2+]-independent manner, suggesting that GPR68 mediated glucose metabolic symbiosis. As glucose metabolic symbiosis and the heterogeneous dependencies on aerobic glycolysis and cellular respiration tremendously impact chemosensitivity, the inhibition of GPR68 potentiated the tumoricidal effect of first-line chemotherapeutic agents, including BCL-2 inhibitors targeting OxPhos and cytarabine (AraC) targeting glycolysis. Consistent with these in vitro observations, higher levels of GPR68 were associated with inferior clinical outcomes in AML patients who received chemotherapies. In short, GPR68 drives the Ca[2+]/CaN pro-survival pathway and mediates glucose metabolic pathways in AML cells. Targeting GPR68 eradicates AML cells and alleviates chemoresistance, which could be exploited as a therapeutic target. The overexpression of GPR68 drives a Ca[2+]/CaN pro-survival pathway and mediates glucose metabolic symbiosis in AML cells, suggesting the diagnostic and therapeutic potential of GPR68 in AML. (GPR68, G proton-coupled receptor 68; PLCβ, phospholipase C beta; CaN, Calcineurin; IDH, isocitrate dehydrogenase; HIF-1α, Hypoxia-inducible factor alpha subunit; GLUT1, Glucose transporter type 1; HK-1, Hexokinase 1).},
}
@article {pmid39521804,
year = {2024},
author = {Jerlström-Hultqvist, J and Gallot-Lavallée, L and Salas-Leiva, DE and Curtis, BA and Záhonová, K and Čepička, I and Stairs, CW and Pipaliya, S and Dacks, JB and Archibald, JM and Roger, AJ},
title = {A unique symbiosome in an anaerobic single-celled eukaryote.},
journal = {Nature communications},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {9726},
pmid = {39521804},
issn = {2041-1723},
support = {12188//Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation (Gordon E. and Betty I. Moore Foundation)/ ; 5782//Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation (Gordon E. and Betty I. Moore Foundation)/ ; 12188//Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation (Gordon E. and Betty I. Moore Foundation)/ ; 12188//Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation (Gordon E. and Betty I. Moore Foundation)/ ; RES0043758//Gouvernement du Canada | Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (Conseil de Recherches en Sciences Naturelles et en G&#xe9;nie du Canada)/ ; RES0046091//Gouvernement du Canada | Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (Conseil de Recherches en Sciences Naturelles et en G&#xe9;nie du Canada)/ ; FRN-142349//Gouvernement du Canada | Canadian Institutes of Health Research (Instituts de Recherche en Sant&#xe9; du Canada)/ ; },
mesh = {*Symbiosis ; Anaerobiosis ; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence ; Eukaryota/genetics/metabolism ; Phylogeny ; Gene Transfer, Horizontal ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; },
abstract = {Symbiotic relationships between eukaryotes and prokaryotes played pivotal roles in the evolution of life and drove the emergence of specialized symbiotic structures in animals, plants and fungi. The host-evolved symbiotic structures of microbial eukaryotes - the vast majority of such hosts in nature - remain largely unstudied. Here we describe highly structured symbiosomes within three free-living anaerobic protists (Anaeramoeba spp.). We dissect this symbiosis using complete genome sequencing and transcriptomics of host and symbiont cells coupled with fluorescence in situ hybridization, and 3D reconstruction using focused-ion-beam scanning electron microscopy. The emergence of the symbiosome is underpinned by expansion of gene families encoding regulators of membrane trafficking and phagosomal maturation and extensive bacteria-to-eukaryote lateral transfer. The symbionts reside deep within a symbiosomal membrane network that enables metabolic syntrophy by precisely positioning sulfate-reducing bacteria alongside host hydrogenosomes. Importantly, the symbionts maintain connections to the Anaeramoeba plasma membrane, blurring traditional boundaries between ecto- and endosymbiosis.},
}
@article {pmid39521286,
year = {2024},
author = {Dainelli, M and Chiavacci, B and Colzi, I and Coppi, A and Corti, E and Daghio, M and Falsini, S and Ristori, S and Papini, A and Toni, E and Viti, C and Gonnelli, C},
title = {Impact of PET micro/nanoplastics on the symbiotic system Azolla filiculoides-Trichormus azollae.},
journal = {Chemosphere},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {143718},
doi = {10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143718},
pmid = {39521286},
issn = {1879-1298},
abstract = {The symbiotic system Azolla filiculoides-Trichormus azollae was exposed for ten days to environmentally relevant concentrations (i.e. 0.05 and 0.1 g L[-1]) of polyethylene terephthalate micro-nanoplastics (PET-MNPs). Plastic particles did not induce any visible toxicity symptoms or growth disorders to the fern, as well as any effects on leaf anatomy and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters. Nonetheless, in treated plants a decrease of chlorophyll content occurred and was coupled to reduction of Nitrogen Balance Index (NBI), an informative parameter of the plant nitrogen status. In the presence of MNPs, plants exhibited a substantial decline in the absorption of essential elements, as evidenced by decreased tissue concentration of Ca, Mg, Co and Mn. The exposure to the pollutants compromised root integrity and possibly its functioning in nutrient accumulation, with evident physical damages not only in the rhizodermis and cortex, but also in the vascular system. In addition, a DNA-based estimation of T. azollae revealed a decreasing trend in the relative abundance of the N2-fixing cyanobacteria for PET-treated samples. This was coupled with an alteration of the symbiont's phenotype highlighted by microscopy analysis, showing a reduction in number of vegetative cells between two consecutive heterocysts and in heterocyst size. This work is the first evidence of MNPs disturbing a strict symbiosis, with possible implications on nitrogen cycling in ecosystems, bio fertilization of agricultural lands and evolutionary pathways.},
}
@article {pmid39520847,
year = {2024},
author = {Cui, X and Ning, X and Zhang, J and Zhang, D and Qiu, G and Wang, Y},
title = {Insights into sulfur migration and transformation during the magnetization roasting of iron tailings and textile dyeing sludge.},
journal = {Waste management (New York, N.Y.)},
volume = {191},
number = {},
pages = {81-88},
doi = {10.1016/j.wasman.2024.11.005},
pmid = {39520847},
issn = {1879-2456},
abstract = {Magnetization roasting of iron tailings (IT) is an effective method to recovery fine iron concentrate (IC) from refractory IT. However, the migration and transformation of sulfur during the roasting process remain unclear, impacting iron quality if sulfur content exceeds the allowable limit value. This study investigates the sulfur release and fixation during magnetization roasting of textile dyeing sludge (TDS) and IT, elucidating the sulfur migration and transformation processes. Results indicate that 31.7 % of sulfur migrates to the gas phase due to the thermal decomposition of organic-S and the reduction of high-valent sulfur to SO2 by H2 and CO. The total sulfur (TS) content in tailing slag (TSL) (1.96 %) is significantly higher than that in the roasted product (RP) (0.84 %), suggesting a tendency for sulfur migration into TSL. This migration is attributed to reactions between H2S/COS and Fe2O3/Fe3O4, resulting in the formation of non-magnetic byproduct FeS. Additionally, due to the symbiosis of hematite and sulfate, sulfur in the IC primarily exists as sulfate sulfur (76.98 %). This research is crucial for quality control in iron ore processing and provides theoretical guidance for sulfur regulation in practical production processes.},
}
@article {pmid39520748,
year = {2024},
author = {Yan, M and Li, Q and Tian, Z and He, Q and Xu, Y and Liu, X and Chen, Q and Gu, Y and Zou, L and Zhao, K and Xiang, Q and Ma, M and Yu, X},
title = {Co-application of cadmium-immobilizing bacteria and organic fertilizers alter the wheat root soil chemistry and microbial communities.},
journal = {Ecotoxicology and environmental safety},
volume = {287},
number = {},
pages = {117288},
doi = {10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.117288},
pmid = {39520748},
issn = {1090-2414},
abstract = {Cadmium contamination poses a significant risk to soil ecosystems in certain parts of the world. Using eco-friendly fertilizers alongside beneficial microorganisms offers a viable solution to mitigate Cd pollution in agricultural soil. This study used an outdoor experiment to evaluate the impact of administering a Cd-immobilizing bacterial (Bacillus) inoculant with two biologically-enriched organic fertilizers (either fermentative edible fungi residue or fermented cow dung) on wheat plants and associated microbial populations in a field contaminated with Cd. The mixed application of fermentative cow dung with the Cd-immobilizing bacterium reduced the effective Cd content of wheat root-soil by 13,0 %. Application of Cd-immobilizing Bacillus inoculant reduced the Cd enrichment of wheat roots by 0.07 mg/kg. Co-application of fermentative cow dung with the bacterial inoculant reduced the Cd enrichment of wheat seeds by 20,0 %. Co-application of the two organic fertilizers could improve some of the nutrients related to wheat and soil fertility; however, the diversity of the soil microbial community changed less and its species richness decreased. Applying the Bacillus inoculant inhibited the growth of native pathogenic bacteria, such as Proteobacteria. Whether administering it with either fermented cow manure or fermented edible fungus residue, the relative abundance of nitrate-reducing bacteria such as Rhodobacter increased, which should promote the soil nitrogen cycle. The main factors influencing soil microbial community structure of wheat plants were pH, available potassium, and available Cd content. Symbiotic network analysis revealed bacterial inoculant and organic fertilizer inoculum further altering the ecological relationships of microbial communities. According to the FAPROTAX functional prediction, Rhodanobacter may play a key role in nitrate respiration in the soil nitrogen cycle. In conclusion, this study provides a comprehensive, timely reference for understanding microbial changes caused by the combined application of this type of bacterial inoculant and organic soil amendments in Cd-contaminated fields.},
}
@article {pmid39519901,
year = {2024},
author = {Cesari, AB and Fernandez, M and Paulucci, NS and Dardanelli, MS},
title = {Long-Life Inoculant: Bradyrhizobium Stored in Biodegradable Beads for Four Years Shows Optimal Cell Vitality, Interacts with Peanut Roots, and Promotes Early Growth.},
journal = {Plants (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {13},
number = {21},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/plants13212983},
pmid = {39519901},
issn = {2223-7747},
support = {11220210100155CO//PIP CONICET/ ; C530-1//PPI 610 Universidad Nacional de R&#xed;o Cuarto/ ; CBA28/22//PICT-O Agencia 611 Nacional de Promoci&#xf3;n Cient&#xed;fica y Tecnol&#xf3;gica/ ; 04162/18//PICT,/ ; 696/21//PICT/ ; },
abstract = {Currently, bacterial inoculant technology focuses on improving long-term storage conditions to ensure adequate rhizobia numbers and their effectiveness as plant growth promoters. This study aimed to investigate whether storage at 4 °C for four years of alginate beads immobilizing Bradyrhizobium sp. SEMIA6144 maintains bacterial vitality, efficacy in growth promotion, and ability to establish early interactions with Arachis hypogaea L. The recovery of viable SEMIA6144 cells decreased over time (10% at six months, 1% at one year, and 0.01% at four years), while cell vitality remained high at 94.1%, 90.2%, and 93.4%, respectively. The unsaturated/saturated fatty acid ratio declined during storage, reducing membrane fluidity and metabolic activity. Mobility and root adhesion of SEMIA6144 decreased after one and four years. However, growth promotion in peanuts inoculated with SEMIA6144 beads was observed through increased biomass, total chlorophyll, leaf number, leaf area, and decreased chlorophyll fluorescence compared to non-inoculated plants. Although nodulation was low in plants inoculated with four-year-old beads, leghemoglobin levels were maintained. These results demonstrate that Bradyrhizobium sp. SEMIA6144 can be stored for four years in alginate beads at 4 °C, maintaining its vitality and ability to establish a symbiosis that stimulates early peanut growth. Understanding these physiological changes could be valuable for the future improvement of long-lasting inoculants.},
}
@article {pmid39519791,
year = {2024},
author = {Sajnaga, E and Kazimierczak, W and Karaś, MA and Jach, ME},
title = {Exploring Xenorhabdus and Photorhabdus Nematode Symbionts in Search of Novel Therapeutics.},
journal = {Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {29},
number = {21},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/molecules29215151},
pmid = {39519791},
issn = {1420-3049},
mesh = {*Photorhabdus/metabolism/genetics ; *Xenorhabdus/metabolism/genetics ; *Symbiosis ; Animals ; *Nematoda/microbiology ; *Biological Products/pharmacology/chemistry/therapeutic use ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology ; Drug Discovery ; Humans ; },
abstract = {Xenorhabdus and Photorhabdus bacteria, which live in mutualistic symbiosis with entomopathogenic nematodes, are currently recognised as an important source of bioactive compounds. During their extraordinary life cycle, these bacteria are capable of fine regulation of mutualism and pathogenesis towards two different hosts, a nematode and a wide range of insect species, respectively. Consequently, survival in a specific ecological niche favours the richness of biosynthetic gene clusters and respective metabolites with a specific structure and function, providing templates for uncovering new agrochemicals and therapeutics. To date, numerous studies have been published on the genetic ability of Xenorhabdus and Photorhabdus bacteria to produce biosynthetic novelty as well as distinctive classes of their metabolites with their activity and mechanism of action. Research shows diverse techniques and approaches that can lead to the discovery of new natural products, such as extract-based analysis, genetic engineering, and genomics linked with metabolomics. Importantly, the exploration of members of the Xenorhabdus and Photorhabdus genera has led to encouraging developments in compounds that exhibit pharmaceutically important properties, including antibiotics that act against Gram- bacteria, which are extremely difficult to find. This article focuses on recent advances in the discovery of natural products derived from these nematophilic bacteria, with special attention paid to new valuable leads for therapeutics.},
}
@article {pmid39519522,
year = {2024},
author = {de Oliveira, DP and Todorov, SD and Fabi, JP},
title = {Exploring the Prebiotic Potentials of Hydrolyzed Pectins: Mechanisms of Action and Gut Microbiota Modulation.},
journal = {Nutrients},
volume = {16},
number = {21},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/nu16213689},
pmid = {39519522},
issn = {2072-6643},
support = {2013/07914-8; 2022/12834-2; 2023/05394-9//S&#xe3;o Paulo Research Foundation/ ; 88887.747282/2022-00//Coordination of Superior Level Staff Improvement/ ; 307842/2022-3//The National Council for Scientific and Technological Development/ ; },
mesh = {*Prebiotics ; *Pectins ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome/physiology/drug effects ; Humans ; Hydrolysis ; Animals ; Oligosaccharides/pharmacology ; Bacteria/metabolism ; Molecular Weight ; },
abstract = {The intestinal microbiota is a complex ecosystem where the microbial community (including bacteria) can metabolize available substrates via metabolic pathways specific to each species, often related in symbiotic relations. As a consequence of using available substrates and microbial growth, specific beneficial metabolites can be produced. When this reflects the health benefits for the host, these substrates can be categorized as prebiotics. Given that most prebiotic candidates must have a low molecular weight to be further metabolized by the microbiota, the role in the preliminary biological pretreatment is crucial. To provide proper substrates to the intestinal microbiota, a strategy could be to decrease the complexity of polysaccharides and reduce the levels of polymerization to low molecular weight for the target molecules, driving better solubilization and the consequent metabolic use by intestinal bacteria. When high molecular weight pectin is degraded (partially depolymerized), its solubility increases, thereby improving its utilization by gut microbiota. With regards to application, prebiotics have well-documented advantages when applied as food additives, as they improve gut health and can enhance drug effects, all shown by in vitro, in vivo, and clinical trials. In this review, we aim to provide systematic evidence for the mechanisms of action and the modulation of gut microbiota by the pectin-derived oligosaccharides produced by decreasing overall molecular weight after physical and/or chemical treatments and to compare with other types of prebiotics.},
}
@article {pmid39517101,
year = {2024},
author = {Gantt, SE and Kemp, KM and Colin, PL and Hoadley, KD and LaJeunesse, TC and Warner, ME and Kemp, DW},
title = {Influence of reef habitat on coral microbial associations.},
journal = {Environmental microbiology reports},
volume = {16},
number = {6},
pages = {e70051},
doi = {10.1111/1758-2229.70051},
pmid = {39517101},
issn = {1758-2229},
support = {//University of Alabama at Birmingham/ ; IOS-1258058//National Science Foundation/ ; IOS-1258065//National Science Foundation/ ; IOS-1719675//National Science Foundation/ ; OCE-1635695//National Science Foundation/ ; OCE-1636022//National Science Foundation/ ; OCE-1719684//National Science Foundation/ ; },
mesh = {*Anthozoa/microbiology ; Animals ; *Coral Reefs ; *Symbiosis ; *Dinoflagellida/physiology/classification ; *Microbiota ; Bacteria/classification/isolation &amp; purification/genetics ; Ecosystem ; Palau ; },
abstract = {Corals have complex symbiotic associations that can be influenced by the environment. We compare symbiotic dinoflagellate (family: Symbiodiniaceae) associations and the microbiome of five scleractinian coral species from three different reef habitats in Palau, Micronesia. Although pH and temperature corresponded with specific host-Symbiodiniaceae associations common to the nearshore and offshore habitats, bacterial community dissimilarity analyses indicated minimal influence of these factors on microbial community membership for the corals Coelastrea aspera, Psammocora digitata, and Pachyseris rugosa. However, coral colonies sampled close to human development exhibited greater differences in microbial community diversity compared to the nearshore habitat for the coral species Coelastrea aspera, Montipora foliosa, and Pocillopora acuta, and the offshore habitat for Coelastrea aspera, while also showing less consistency in Symbiodiniaceae associations. These findings indicate the influence that habitat location has on the bacterial and Symbiodiniaceae communities comprising the coral holobiont and provide important considerations for the conservation of coral reef communities, especially for island nations with increasing human populations and development.},
}
@article {pmid39516450,
year = {2024},
author = {Chowdhury, S and Sadhukhan, P and Mahata, N},
title = {Immunoinformatics investigation on pathogenic Escherichia coli proteome to develop an epitope-based peptide vaccine candidate.},
journal = {Molecular diversity},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {39516450},
issn = {1573-501X},
abstract = {Escherichia coli (E. coli), a gram-negative bacterium, quickly colonizes in the human gastrointestinal tract after birth and typically sustains a long-term, symbiotic relationship with the host. However, certain virulent strains of E. coli can cause diseases such as urinary tract infections, meningitis, and enteric disorders. The rising antibiotic resistance among these strains has heightened the urgency for an effective vaccine. This study employs immunoinformatics and a reverse vaccinology technique to identify prospective antigens and create an efficient vaccine construct. In this study, we reported the "Attaching and Effacing Protein" a novel outer-membrane protein conserved in all pathogenic E. coli strains, based on proteome screening. We developed an in silico multi-epitope vaccine that includes helper T lymphocyte (HTL), cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL), B cell lymphocyte (BCL), and pan HLA DR-binding reactive epitope (PADRE) sequences, along with appropriate linkers and adjuvants. Machine Learning algorithms were used to evaluate antigenicity, solubility, stability, and non-allergenicity of the vaccine construct. Additionally, molecular docking analysis revealed that vaccine construct has a strong predicted binding affinity for human toll-like receptors on the cell surface. In this context, laboratory validations are necessary to demonstrate the effectiveness of the possible vaccine design that showed encouraging findings through computational validation.},
}
@article {pmid39516195,
year = {2024},
author = {Speth, DR and Zeller, LM and Graf, JS and Overholt, WA and Küsel, K and Milucka, J},
title = {Genetic potential for aerobic respiration and denitrification in globally distributed respiratory endosymbionts.},
journal = {Nature communications},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {9682},
pmid = {39516195},
issn = {2041-1723},
mesh = {*Symbiosis ; *Phylogeny ; *Denitrification ; Metagenome ; Aerobiosis ; Ciliophora/genetics/metabolism ; Groundwater/microbiology ; Gammaproteobacteria/genetics/metabolism ; Germany ; Electron Transport Complex IV/genetics/metabolism ; California ; Genome, Bacterial ; },
abstract = {The endosymbiont Candidatus Azoamicus ciliaticola was proposed to generate ATP for its eukaryotic host, an anaerobic ciliate of the Plagiopylea class, fulfilling a function analogous to mitochondria in other eukaryotic cells. The discovery of this respiratory endosymbiosis has major implications for both evolutionary history and ecology of microbial eukaryotes. However, with only a single species described, knowledge of its environmental distribution and diversity is limited. Here we report four complete, circular metagenome assembled genomes (cMAGs) representing respiratory endosymbionts inhabiting groundwater in California, Ohio, and Germany. These cMAGs form two lineages comprising a monophyletic clade within the uncharacterized gammaproteobacterial order UBA6186, enabling evolutionary analysis of their key protein complexes. Strikingly, all four cMAGs encode a cytochrome cbb3 oxidase, which indicates that these endosymbionts have the capacity for aerobic respiration. Accordingly, we detect these respiratory endosymbionts in diverse habitats worldwide, thus further expanding the ecological scope of this respiratory symbiosis.},
}
@article {pmid39515434,
year = {2024},
author = {Gao, P and Zhao, A and Zhang, X and Tang, P and Li, D and Liu, T and Li, J and Zhu, Y and Wang, Z},
title = {Potential role of N-acyl homoserine lactone-mediated quorum sensing in the adaptation of anammox granular sludge system to salinity stress.},
journal = {Bioresource technology},
volume = {416},
number = {},
pages = {131758},
doi = {10.1016/j.biortech.2024.131758},
pmid = {39515434},
issn = {1873-2976},
abstract = {Anammox granular sludge (AnGS) systems efficiently remove nitrogen from saline wastewater, but their adaptation mechanisms to salt stress are unclear. This study explores the adaptability of the AnGS system when exposed to salinity (0-30 g NaCl/L), focusing on the role of N-acyl homoserine lactone-mediated quorum sensing (AHL-QS) in microbial responses and community symbiosis under stress. Based on Hill model assessments, AnGS tolerates salt stress up to 15.73 g/L. Within this range, AnGS maintains cellular stability by enhancing extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) release, regulating oxidative stress; and drives nitrogen metabolism by increasing cytochrome c-activity to maintain electron transfer. With the mantel test and validation experiments, salt stimulates QS, leading to increased AHL (C6-HSL and C8-HSL) secretion associated with EPS release, extracellular electron transfer, and oxidative stress. Stabilization of AHL-QS genera supports AHL secretion and microbial symbiosis, promoting AnGS adaptation to salt stress. These insights facilitate optimizing AnGS for saline wastewater treatment.},
}
@article {pmid39511644,
year = {2024},
author = {Rocha, G and Gómez, M and Baeza, C and Salinas, F and Martínez, C and Kessi-Pérez, EI},
title = {Phenotyping of a new yeast mapping population reveals differences in the activation of the TORC1 signalling pathway between wild and domesticated yeast strains.},
journal = {Biological research},
volume = {57},
number = {1},
pages = {82},
pmid = {39511644},
issn = {0717-6287},
support = {11220533//ANID/FONDECYT/ ; 1201104//ANID/FONDECYT/ ; 1210955//ANID/FONDECYT/ ; ID24I10027//ANID/FONDEF IDeA I+D/ ; ID21I10198//ANID/FONDEF IDeA I+D/ ; ICN17_022//ANID/Millennium Science Initiative Program/ ; 21200066//ANID PhD scholarship/ ; },
mesh = {*Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genetics ; *Phenotype ; *Signal Transduction/genetics/physiology ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Domestication ; Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 1/metabolism/genetics ; Genetic Variation/genetics ; },
abstract = {Domestication can be understood as a symbiotic relationship that benefits both domesticator and domesticated species, involving multiple genetic changes that configure the phenotype of the domesticated species. One of the most important domesticated species is the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, with both domesticated strains used for different fermentations processes for thousands of years and wild strains existing only in environments without human intervention; however, little is known about the phenotypic effects associated with its domestication. In the present work, we studied the effect of domestication on yeast TORC1 activation, a pleiotropic signalling pathway conserved across the eukaryotic domain. To achieve this goal, we improved a previously generated methodology to assess TORC1 activation, which turned out to be as effective as the original one but also presents several practical advantages for its application (such as facilitating confirmation of transformants and putting the Luc reporter gene under the control of the same PRPL26A promoter for each transformed strain). We then generated a mapping population, the so-called TOMAN-G population, derived from the "1002 Yeast Genomes Project" population, the most comprehensive catalogue of the genetic variation in yeasts. Finally, strains belonging to the TOMAN-G population were phenotyped for TORC1 activation, and then we compared the results obtained between yeast strains with different ecological origins, finding differences in TORC1 activation between wild and domesticated strains, particularly wine strains. These results are indicative of the effect of domestication on TORC1 activation, specifically that the different evolutionary trajectories of wild and domesticated strains have in fact caused differences in the activation of this pathway; furthermore, the phenotypic data obtained in this work could be used to continue underlying the genetic bases of TORC1 activation, a process that is still not fully understood, using techniques such as GWAS to search for specific genetic variants underlying the observed phenotypic variability and phylogenetic tree inferences to gain insight into the evolutionary relationships between these genetic variants.},
}
@article {pmid39511491,
year = {2024},
author = {Tang, Y and Tian, C and Yao, D and Yang, S and Shi, L and Yi, L and Peng, Q},
title = {Community assembly and potential function analysis of the endophyte in Eucommia ulmoides.},
journal = {BMC microbiology},
volume = {24},
number = {1},
pages = {460},
pmid = {39511491},
issn = {1471-2180},
mesh = {*Endophytes/genetics/metabolism/classification/physiology/isolation &amp; purification ; *Eucommiaceae/microbiology ; *Ascomycota/genetics/growth &amp; development/physiology ; *Bacteria/classification/genetics/metabolism/isolation &amp; purification ; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing ; Iridoid Glucosides/metabolism ; Basidiomycota/genetics/physiology ; Symbiosis ; Fungi/classification/genetics/isolation &amp; purification/metabolism/physiology ; Computational Biology ; },
abstract = {Endophytes play a pivotal role in protecting host plants from both biotic and abiotic stresses, promoting the production of active components (AC) and plant growth. However, the succession of the endophyte community in Eucommia ulmoides (E. ulmoides), particularly the community assembly and function, has not been extensively investigated. In this study, we employed high-throughput sequencing and bioinformatics tools to analyze endophyte diversity across different tree ages, parts, and periods. We examined the population differences, correlations, community assembly mechanisms, and functional roles of these endophytes. Functional predictions via PICRUSt2 revealed that most endophytic fungal functions were linked to biosynthesis, with significant differences in biosynthetic functional abundance across parts and periods. In contrast, the metabolic activity of endophytic bacteria remained stable across different periods and parts. Correlation analysis further confirmed a strong positive relationship between ACs and certain endophytic fungi. Among them, the fungal phyla Ascomycota and Basidiomycota were identified as key contributors to the metabolism of chlorogenic acid (CA), while Aucubin was significantly positively correlated with several endophytic bacteria. These findings provide valuable insights into the functional roles and community assembly mechanism of E. ulmoides endophytes, as well as their symbiotic relationships.},
}
@article {pmid39510962,
year = {2024},
author = {Rogowska-van der Molen, MA and Savova, HV and Janssen, EAT and van Alen, T and Coolen, S and Jansen, RS and Welte, CU},
title = {Unveiling Detoxifying Symbiosis and Dietary Influence on the Southern Green Shield Bug Microbiota.},
journal = {FEMS microbiology ecology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/femsec/fiae150},
pmid = {39510962},
issn = {1574-6941},
abstract = {The Southern green shield bug, Nezara viridula, is an invasive piercing and sucking pest insect that feeds on crops and poses a threat to global food production. Insects live in close relationships with microorganisms providing their host with unique capabilities, such as resistance to toxic plant metabolites. In this study, we investigated the resistance to and detoxification of the plant metabolite 3-nitropropionic acid by core and transient members of the N. viridula microbial community. Microbial community members showed a different tolerance to the toxin and we determined that six out of eight strains detoxified 3-nitropropionic acid. Additionally, we determined that 3-nitropropionic acid might interfere with the biosynthesis and transport of L-leucine. Moreover, our study explored the influence of diet on the gut microbial composition of N. viridula, demonstrating that switching to a single-plant diet shifts the abundance of core microbes. In line with this, testing pairwise microbial interactions revealed that core microbiota members support each other and repress the growth of transient microorganisms. With this work, we provide novel insights into the factors shaping the insect gut microbial communities and demonstrate that N. viridula harbours many toxin-degrading bacteria that could support its resistance to plant defences.},
}
@article {pmid39506046,
year = {2024},
author = {Muñiz-Castillo, AI and Rivera-Sosa, A and McField, M and Chollett, I and Eakin, CM and Enríquez, S and Giró, A and Drysdale, I and Rueda, M and Soto, M and Craig, N and Arias-González, JE},
title = {Underlying drivers of coral reef vulnerability to bleaching in the Mesoamerican Reef.},
journal = {Communications biology},
volume = {7},
number = {1},
pages = {1452},
pmid = {39506046},
issn = {2399-3642},
mesh = {*Coral Reefs ; Animals ; *Anthozoa/physiology ; *Climate Change ; Temperature ; Ecosystem ; Symbiosis ; },
abstract = {Coral bleaching, a consequence of stressed symbiotic relationships between corals and algae, has escalated due to intensified heat stress events driven by climate change. Despite global efforts, current early warning systems lack local precision. Our study, spanning 2015-2017 in the Mesoamerican Reef, revealed prevalent intermediate bleaching, peaking in 2017. By scrutinizing 23 stress exposure and sensitivity metrics, we accurately predicted 75% of bleaching severity variation. Notably, distinct thermal patterns-particularly the climatological seasonal warming rate and various heat stress metrics-emerged as better predictors compared to conventional indices (such as Degree Heating Weeks). Surprisingly, deeper reefs with diverse coral communities showed heightened vulnerability. This study presents a framework for coral reef bleaching vulnerability assessment, leveraging accessible data (including historical and real-time sea surface temperature, habitat variables, and species composition). Its operational potential lies in seamless integration with existing monitoring systems, offering crucial insights for conservation and management.},
}
@article {pmid39505036,
year = {2024},
author = {Bodawatta, K and Maccario, L and Peereboom, N and Conlon, BH and Li, G and Plaszkó, T and Vinagre-Izquierdo, C and Jønsson, KA and Vesala, RM and de Beer, ZW and Priemé, A and Poulsen, M},
title = {Microbial landscapes in Trinervitermes trinervoides termite colonies are affected by mound compartments and soil properties but not by symbiotic Podaxis fungi.},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {177015},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.177015},
pmid = {39505036},
issn = {1879-1026},
abstract = {Termites are important ecosystem engineers and play key roles in modulating microbial communities within and outside their mounds. Microbial diversity within termite mounds is generally lower than surrounding soils, due to termite-associated antimicrobial compounds and active sanitary behaviours. Microbial symbionts of termites can also influence the microbial landscape, by inhibiting or out-competing other microbes. Certain members of the arid habitat fungal genus Podaxis (Agaricomycetes; Agaricaceae) are symbiotic with savannah specialist grass-cutting termites, with the potential to influence mound-associated microbiomes. To test this, we characterized fungal (ITS2) and bacterial (16S rRNA) communities within and outside 49 Trinervitermes trinervoides mounds with and without Podaxis fruiting bodies across a 1000 km transect in South Africa. We predicted that Podaxis would be a dominant member of the fungal communities in mounds and negatively impact microbial diversity. Further, we explored how environmental variables shaped microbial communities, including whether soil elemental composition affected Podaxis presence. As expected, we observed less diverse fungal communities, but not bacterial communities, within than outside mounds, while microbial communities differed by sampling regions and mound compartments. Podaxis sequences were present in 48 out of 49 mounds in low relative abundances, and neither fruiting body presence nor sequence abundance were associated with microbial community diversity or composition. There was, however, an overall association between the presence of Podaxis fruiting bodies and elemental composition, with different elements displaying varying associations depending on geographic region. Both environmental variables and soil elements associated with fungal and bacterial taxa, indicating that they are key drivers of microbial community composition. Taken together, our findings suggest that microbial landscapes in termite mounds are not strongly influenced by Podaxis but mainly driven by termite filtering and regional abiotic variables and elemental compositions.},
}
@article {pmid39504700,
year = {2024},
author = {Zheng, B and Zhou, L and Wang, J and Dong, P and Zhao, T and Deng, Y and Song, L and Shi, J and Wu, Z},
title = {The shifts in microbial interactions and gene expression caused by temperature and nutrient loading influence Raphidiopsis raciborskii blooms.},
journal = {Water research},
volume = {268},
number = {Pt B},
pages = {122725},
doi = {10.1016/j.watres.2024.122725},
pmid = {39504700},
issn = {1879-2448},
abstract = {Climate change and the trophic status of water bodies are important factors in global occurrence of cyanobacterial blooms. The aim of this study was to explore the cyanobacteria‒bacterial interactions that occur during Raphidiopsis raciborskii (R. raciborskii) blooms by conducting microcosm simulation experiments at different temperatures (20 °C and 30 °C) and with different phosphorus concentrations (0.01 mg/L and 1 mg/L) using an ecological model of microbial behavior and by analyzing microbial self-regulatory strategies using weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA). Three-way ANOVA revealed significant effects of temperature and phosphorus on the growth of R. raciborskii (P < 0.001). The results of a metagenomics-based analysis of bacterioplankton revealed that the synergistic effects of both climate and trophic changes increased the ability of R. raciborskii to compete with other cyanobacteria for dominance in the cyanobacterial community. The antagonistic effects of climate and nutrient changes favored the occurrence of R. raciborskii blooms, especially in eutrophic waters at approximately 20 °C. The species diversity and richness indices differed between the eutrophication treatment group at 20 °C and the other treatment groups. The symbiotic bacterioplankton network revealed the complexity and stability of the symbiotic bacterioplankton network during blooms and identified the roles of key species in the network. The study also revealed a complex pattern of interactions between cyanobacteria and non-cyanobacteria dominated by altruism, as well as the effects of different behavioral patterns on R. raciborskii bloom occurrence. Furthermore, this study revealed self-regulatory strategies that are used by microbes in response to the dual pressures of temperature and nutrient loading. These results provide important insights into the adaptation of microbial communities in freshwater ecosystems to environmental change and provide useful theoretical support for aquatic environmental management and ecological restoration efforts.},
}
@article {pmid39504314,
year = {2024},
author = {Robitaille, J and Meyering, LE and Gaudzinski-Windheuser, S and Pettitt, P and Jöris, O and Kentridge, R},
title = {Upper Palaeolithic fishing techniques: Insights from the engraved plaquettes of the Magdalenian site of Gönnersdorf, Germany.},
journal = {PloS one},
volume = {19},
number = {11},
pages = {e0311302},
pmid = {39504314},
issn = {1932-6203},
mesh = {Germany ; *Archaeology ; Humans ; Fisheries ; Animals ; Engraving and Engravings/history ; Fishes ; },
abstract = {The ~15,800 year-old Magdalenian site of Gönnersdorf, in Germany, has produced 406 engraved schist plaquettes which have been extensively studied in the past. The introduction of advanced imaging technologies, notably Reflectance Transformation Imaging (RTI), has now precipitated a re-evaluation of these artifacts, uncovering nuanced depictions of fishing practices previously unrecorded for the Upper Palaeolithic. Our investigation harnesses RTI to elucidate fine engraving details on the plaquettes, revealing depictions of fish and accompanying grid motifs. The analytical process enabled by RTI has exposed an intricate link between the grid patterns and fish figures, showing that they were a deliberate combination portraying the use of fishing nets. This discovery posits a significant departure from earlier interpretations of the site's iconography, which predominantly emphasized more naturalistic representations of fauna. Furthermore, these findings illuminate aspects of Magdalenian cultural praxis, suggesting that representations of aquatic life and fishing technologies were not merely utilitarian in nature but were embedded within a broader symbolic framework. This study enhances our comprehension of Magdalenian peoples' interaction with the aqueous milieu, revealing a sophisticated symbiosis between ecological adaptation and artistic expression.},
}
@article {pmid39503979,
year = {2024},
author = {Zhang, P and Dong, X and Zeng, Y and Chen, J and Yang, S and Yu, P and Ye, C and Hung, WL and Jiang, Q and Zhao, W and Zeng, Z and Li, J and Li, L},
title = {Synbiotic Effects of Lacticaseibacillus paracasei K56 and Prebiotics on the Intestinal Microecology of Children with Obesity.},
journal = {Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {39503979},
issn = {1867-1314},
support = {2022C03138//Medical and Technology Project of the Pioneer and "Pioneer" and "Leading Goose" R&amp;D Program of Zhejiang/ ; },
abstract = {Lacticaseibacillus paracasei K56 (L. paracasei K56) is a probiotic with weight-loss effects. However, symbiosis research on the combined effects of Lacticaseibacillus paracasei K56 and prebiotics is lacking. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of L. paracasei K56, xylooligosaccharide (XOS), galactooligosaccharide (GOS), polyglucose (PG), and their synbiotic combinations (XOS + K56, GOS + K56, and PG + K56) on metabolism and gut composition in children with obesity, using an in vitro fermentation model. Fecal samples were collected from 14 children with obesity for in vitro fermentation, and the effects of the various treatments in gas production and short chain fatty acid synthesis (SCFAs) were assessed. Treatment with probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics regulated gut microbiota and metabolites in children with obesity. GOS and XOS had higher degradation rates than PG + K56 synbiotics in the gut microbiota of children with obesity. Moreover, treatment with XOS, GOS, and their synbiotic combinations, (XOS + K56) and (GOS + K56), significantly reduced the production of gas, propionic acid, and butyric acid compared with PG + K56 treatment. Treatments with GOS + K56 and XOS + K56 altered the composition of the gut microbiota, improved the abundance of Bifidobacteria and Lactobacilli, and reduced the abundance of Escherichia/Shigella. Overall, this study provides a theoretical foundation for the use of K56-based synbiotics.},
}
@article {pmid39503489,
year = {2024},
author = {Teixeira, GM and Cordeiro Montanari, GC and Nicoletto, MLA and da Silva, DV and Noriler, SA and de Oliveira, JP and da Silva Rodrigues, MV and Sipoli Sanches, D and de Padua Pereira, U and Nunes da Rocha, U and Oliveira, AGd},
title = {Draft genome of Bacillus velezensis CMRP6330, a suitable biocontrol agent for disease management in crops.},
journal = {Microbiology resource announcements},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e0065724},
doi = {10.1128/mra.00657-24},
pmid = {39503489},
issn = {2576-098X},
abstract = {As a biological alternative to managing diseases in crop production, we highlight the Bacillus velezensis strain LABIM41 (CMRP6330). Its genome, composed of 3,970,959 bp, possesses a rich metabolic machinery and a wide range of molecules with different biological activities and roles in its symbiotic relationship with its plant hosts.},
}
@article {pmid39502417,
year = {2024},
author = {Jiang, Q and Wang, Y and Yu, J and Wang, J and Guo, S and Liu, D and Yu, X and Jiang, L and Long, G and Xi, D and Chen, S and Wang, Y and Ding, W},
title = {Using fungal-bacterial community analysis to explore potential microbiomes to manage Meloidogyne incongnita.},
journal = {Frontiers in microbiology},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1415700},
pmid = {39502417},
issn = {1664-302X},
abstract = {Rhizosphere microbial communities strongly affect outbreaks of root-knot nematode (RKN) disease. However, little is known about the interactions among fungi, bacteria and RKN. The bacterial and fungal community compositions in the rhizospheres of four representative tobacco varieties, both resistant and susceptible to RKN, were characterized using 16S rRNA gene sequencing for bacteria and internal transcribed spacer gene sequencing for fungi. Our findings revealed that the fungi played crucial roles in facilitating the cross-kingdom and symbiotic fungal-bacterial interactions to suppress RKN. Moreover, our investigation suggested Microbacterium as a potential microbial antagonist against RKN based on its enhanced presence in RKN-resistant tobacco genotypes, and the relative abundance of Microbacterium was 34.49% greater in the rhizosphere of resistant tobacco than that of susceptible tobacco significantly. Notably, the richness of fungal community enhanced tobacco's microbe-associated resistance to RKN through the positive regulation of the richness and diversity of bacterial community and the relative abundance of Microbacterium. This study underscores the critical role of the fungus-dominated fungal-bacterial community in bolstering tobacco resistance against RKN. The potential antagonistic role of Microbacterium presents promising avenues for innovative RKN management strategies.},
}
@article {pmid39502284,
year = {2024},
author = {Kozakai, T and Nakajima, A and Miyazawa, K and Sasaki, Y and Odamaki, T and Katoh, T and Fukuma, T and Xiao, JZ and Suzuki, T and Katayama, T and Sakanaka, M},
title = {An improved temperature-sensitive shuttle vector system for scarless gene deletion in human-gut-associated Bifidobacterium species.},
journal = {iScience},
volume = {27},
number = {11},
pages = {111080},
pmid = {39502284},
issn = {2589-0042},
abstract = {Bifidobacterium is a prevalent bacterial taxon in the human gut that comprises over 10 (sub)species. Previous studies suggest that these species use evolutionarily distinct strategies for symbiosis with their hosts. However, the underlying species-specific mechanisms remain unclear due to the lack of efficient gene knockout systems applicable across different species. Here, we developed improved temperature-sensitive shuttle vectors by introducing Ser139Trp into the replication protein RepB. We then used temperature-sensitive plasmids to construct a double-crossover-mediated scarless gene deletion system. The system was employed for targeted gene deletion in Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum, B. longum subsp. infantis, Bifidobacterium breve, Bifidobacterium adolescentis, Bifidobacterium kashiwanohense, and Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum. Deletion of genes involved in capsular polysaccharide biosynthesis, aromatic lactic acid production, and sugar utilization resulted in the expected phenotypic changes in the respective (sub)species. The temperature-sensitive plasmids developed in this study will aid in deciphering the evolutionary traits of the human-gut-associated Bifidobacterium species.},
}
@article {pmid39502191,
year = {2024},
author = {Pilliol, V and Mahmoud Abdelwadoud, B and Aïcha, H and Lucille, T and Gérard, A and Hervé, T and Michel, D and Ghiles, G and Elodie, T},
title = {Methanobrevibacter oralis: a comprehensive review.},
journal = {Journal of oral microbiology},
volume = {16},
number = {1},
pages = {2415734},
pmid = {39502191},
issn = {2000-2297},
abstract = {Methanobrevibacter oralis (M. oralis) has predominated human oral microbiota methanogenic archaea as far back as the Palaeolithic era in Neanderthal populations and gained dominance from the 18[th] century onwards. M. oralis was initially isolated from dental plaque samples collected from two apparently healthy individuals allowing its first characterization. The culture of M. oralis is fastidious and has been the subject of several studies to improve its laboratory growth. Various PCR methods are used to identify M. oralis, targeting either the 16S rRNA gene or the mcrA gene. However, only one RTQ-PCR system, based on a chaperonin gene, offers specificity, and allows for microbial load quantification. Next-generation sequencing contributed five draft genomes, each approximately 2.08 Mb (±0.052 Mb) with a 27.82 (±0.104) average GC%, and two ancient metagenomic assembled genomes. M. oralis was then detected in various oral cavity sites in healthy individuals and those diagnosed with oral pathologies, notably periodontal diseases, and endodontic infections. Transmission pathways, possibly involving maternal milk and breastfeeding, remain to be clarified. M. oralis was further detected in brain abscesses and respiratory tract samples, bringing its clinical significance into question. This review summarizes the current knowledge about M. oralis, emphasizing its prevalence, associations with dysbiosis and pathologies in oral and extra-oral situations, and symbiotic relationships, with the aim of paving the way for further investigations.},
}
@article {pmid39501926,
year = {2024},
author = {Zeng, JY and Chen, KD and Wei, BF and Cui, ZZ and Xu, ZY and Wang, HL and Li, HP},
title = {Endophytic Bacillus velezensis GsB01 controls Gleditsia sinensis wilt by secreting antifungal metabolites and modulates symbiotic microbiota within trees.},
journal = {Pest management science},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1002/ps.8517},
pmid = {39501926},
issn = {1526-4998},
support = {YJ2021027//Research Special Funds for Introduced Talents at Hebei Agricultural University/ ; KY2022051//Research Project on Basic Scientific Research Fund for Provincial Universities in Hebei Province/ ; 2021-13//Xiong'an New Area Scientific and Technological Planning Project/ ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Identifying effective biological control agents against fungal pathogens and determining their mechanisms of action are important in the control of plant diseases.<br><br>RESULTS: In this study, we isolated an endophytic bacterial strain, GsB01, from the branches of asymptomatic Gleditsia sinensis. Multi-locus sequence analysis identified the strain as Bacillus velezensis. GsB01 exhibited significant antifungal activity against Thyronectria austroamericana, the causative agent of G. sinensis wilt. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry identified four consistently present antimicrobial compounds in GsB01 metabolite fractions with high antifungal activity: macrolactin A, bacillaene A, surfactin, and iturin. GsB01's active metabolite fractions altered the metabolic profiles of T. austroamericana, disrupting seven pathways, including arginine biosynthesis, nucleotide metabolism, purine metabolism, and the pentose phosphate pathway. Furthermore, absolute quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis suggested that GsB01 may increase the abundance of endophytic bacteria in G. sinensis. The 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing revealed changes in the endophytic landscape in stems and roots following GsB01 introduction, particularly with significant variation in the dominant bacterial genera within the stems.<br><br>CONCLUSION: The study highlights GsB01's potential against plant wilt and suggests that its antifungal activity is achieved by secreting antifungal metabolites. The study also recorded changes in the symbiotic microbiota within trees that had been infected with a pathogenic fungus and subsequently treated with an endophytic antagonistic bacterial strain. &#xa9; 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.},
}
@article {pmid39507923,
year = {2024},
author = {Sandefur, KJ and Frates, EP and Phillips, E},
title = {Physiatrists as Leaders in Lifestyle Medicine: A Survey of PM&amp;R Residents.},
journal = {American journal of lifestyle medicine},
volume = {18},
number = {6},
pages = {785-790},
pmid = {39507923},
issn = {1559-8284},
abstract = {Introduction: Lifestyle is the root cause of most chronic disease, disability, and death. Lifestyle Medicine (LM) is an established, board certifiable field of medicine. Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (PM&amp;R) is a multidisciplinary field which focuses on function and quality of life. The symbiosis of PM&amp;R and LM is increasingly being recognized. Objective: To gauge the awareness of, use of, and interest in LM of PM&amp;R residents and ask if they think PM&amp;R physicians should be leaders in LM. Methods: Cross sectional survey of PM&amp;R residents across PM&amp;R programs in the USA. Results: Fifty-three percent of PM&amp;R residents were familiar with LM. 85 and 84% of their medical schools and residencies had no LM education. PM&amp;R residents "sometimes" included LM principles in their patient encounters. 88 and 89% of PM&amp;R residents thought that medical schools and residencies should have LM education and 78% thought that PM&amp;R physicians should be leaders of LM. Conclusions: This is the first study assessing the views on LM of PM&amp;R residents. Despite the fact that PM&amp;R residents lacked LM education, over half knew about LM. The vast majority felt that there should be more LM education in medical school and residency, and that PM&amp;R physicians should be leaders of LM.},
}
@article {pmid39501808,
year = {2024},
author = {Turner, JH},
title = {Human-Artificial Intelligence Symbiotic Reporting for Theranostic Cancer Care.},
journal = {Cancer biotherapy &amp; radiopharmaceuticals},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1089/cbr.2024.0216},
pmid = {39501808},
issn = {1557-8852},
abstract = {Reporting of diagnostic nuclear images in clinical cancer management is generally qualitative. Theranostic treatment with [177]Lu radioligands for prostate cancer and neuroendocrine tumors is routinely given as the same arbitrary fixed administered activity to every patient. Nuclear oncology, as currently practiced with [177]Lu-prostate-specific membrane antigen and [177]Lu peptide receptor radionuclide therapy, cannot, therefore, be characterized as personalized precision medicine. The evolution of artificial intelligence (AI) could change this "one-size-fits-all" approach to theranostics, through development of a symbiotic relationship with physicians. Combining quantitative data collection, collation, and analytic computing power of AI algorithms with the clinical expertise, empathy, and personal care of patients by their physician envisions a new paradigm in theranostic reporting for molecular imaging and radioligand treatment of cancer. Human-AI interaction will facilitate the compilation of a comprehensive, integrated nuclear medicine report. This holistic report would incorporate radiomics to quantitatively analyze diagnostic digital imaging and prospectively calculate the radiation absorbed dose to tumor and critical normal organs. The therapy activity could then be accurately prescribed to deliver a preordained, effective, tumoricidal radiation absorbed dose to tumor, while minimizing toxicity in the particular patient. Post-therapy quantitative imaging would then validate the actual dose delivered and sequential pre- and post-treatment dosimetry each cycle would allow individual dose prescription and monitoring over the entire course of theranostic treatment. Furthermore, the nuclear medicine report would use AI analysis to predict likely clinical outcome, predicated upon AI definition of tumor molecular biology, pathology, and genomics, correlated with clinical history and laboratory data. Such synergistic comprehensive reporting will enable self-assurance of the nuclear physician who will necessarily be deemed personally responsible and accountable for the theranostic clinical outcome. Paradoxically, AI may thus be expected to enhance the practice of phronesis by the nuclear physician and foster a truly empathic trusting relationship with the cancer patient.},
}
@article {pmid39500144,
year = {2024},
author = {de Souza Lima, V and Cedrola, F and Morales, MJA and Solferini, VN},
title = {Disentangling the metabolic profile of rumen ciliates: A historical perspective and future directions.},
journal = {European journal of protistology},
volume = {96},
number = {},
pages = {126126},
doi = {10.1016/j.ejop.2024.126126},
pmid = {39500144},
issn = {1618-0429},
abstract = {Rumen ciliates constitute a highly diverse group within the subclass Trichostomatia. They are known for their symbiotic relationship with ruminant hosts and their pivotal role in digestive metabolism. This review presents a historical analysis of research on rumen ciliate metabolism, since the earliest studies, based on in vitro and in situ experiments, as well as molecular studies, initially relying on Sanger sequencing, and more recently, next-generation sequencing techniques. Finally, the paper discusses future approaches that may be useful for elucidating the metabolic profile of various taxa of rumen ciliates.},
}
@article {pmid39499080,
year = {2024},
author = {Smith, OER and Bharat, TAM},
title = {Architectural dissection of adhesive bacterial cell surface appendages from a "molecular machines" viewpoint.},
journal = {Journal of bacteriology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e0029024},
doi = {10.1128/jb.00290-24},
pmid = {39499080},
issn = {1098-5530},
abstract = {The ability of bacteria to interact with and respond to their environment is crucial to their lifestyle and survival. Bacterial cells routinely need to engage with extracellular target molecules, in locations spatially separated from their cell surface. Engagement with distant targets allows bacteria to adhere to abiotic surfaces and host cells, sense harmful or friendly molecules in their vicinity, as well as establish symbiotic interactions with neighboring cells in multicellular communities such as biofilms. Binding to extracellular molecules also facilitates transmission of information back to the originating cell, allowing the cell to respond appropriately to external stimuli, which is critical throughout the bacterial life cycle. This requirement of bacteria to bind to spatially separated targets is fulfilled by a myriad of specialized cell surface molecules, which often have an extended, filamentous arrangement. In this review, we compare and contrast such molecules from diverse bacteria, which fulfil a range of binding functions critical for the cell. Our comparison shows that even though these extended molecules have vastly different sequence, biochemical and functional characteristics, they share common architectural principles that underpin bacterial adhesion in a variety of contexts. In this light, we can consider different bacterial adhesins under one umbrella, specifically from the point of view of a modular molecular machine, with each part fulfilling a distinct architectural role. Such a treatise provides an opportunity to discover fundamental molecular principles governing surface sensing, bacterial adhesion, and biofilm formation.},
}
@article {pmid39498455,
year = {2024},
author = {van der Meer, M},
title = {Sown Without Care: Dutch Eugenicists and their Call for Optimising Developmental Conditions, 1919-1939.},
journal = {Social history of medicine : the journal of the Society for the Social History of Medicine},
volume = {37},
number = {3},
pages = {473-493},
doi = {10.1093/shm/hkae002},
pmid = {39498455},
issn = {0951-631X},
abstract = {This paper explains the coexistence of concerns about hereditary degeneration and opposition to reproductive intervention such as sterilisation in Dutch eugenic discourse during the interwar years. Based on an analysis of textbooks, periodical publications and printed lectures, I will show how eugenicists positioned themselves within the domain of public health by framing their domain of inquiry as a pivotal addition to curative medicine and sanitary reform. Dutch eugenicists rendered this symbiotic relationship conceptually plausible by combining criticism of genetic determinism and Lamarckian viewpoints on heredity. This paper explains how this conceptual constellation enabled Dutch eugenicists to claim that the combination of proper (eugenic) education and a healthy environment would stimulate individuals to behave socially responsibly and restrain from reproducing. By doing so, this essay contributes to the historiographical trend to comparatively analyse eugenics as a transnational phenomenon.},
}
@article {pmid39497925,
year = {2024},
author = {Zhang, M and Mo, J and Huang, W and Bao, Y and Luo, X and Yuan, L},
title = {The ovarian cancer-associated microbiome contributes to the tumor's inflammatory microenvironment.},
journal = {Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology},
volume = {14},
number = {},
pages = {1440742},
pmid = {39497925},
issn = {2235-2988},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; *Ovarian Neoplasms/microbiology/immunology/pathology ; *Tumor Microenvironment/immunology ; *Microbiota ; *Inflammation/microbiology ; Dysbiosis/microbiology ; Animals ; Carcinogenesis/immunology ; },
abstract = {A growing body of research has established a correlation between tumors and persistent chronic inflammatory infiltration. As a primary instigator of inflammation, the majority of microbiomes naturally residing within our bodies engage in a mutually beneficial symbiotic relationship. Nevertheless, alterations in the microbiome's composition or breaches in the normal barrier function can disrupt the internal environment's homeostasis, potentially leading to the development and progression of various diseases, including tumors. The investigation of tumor-related microbiomes has contributed to a deeper understanding of their role in tumorigenesis. This review offers a comprehensive overview of the microbiome alterations and the associated inflammatory changes in ovarian cancer. It may aid in advancing research to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the ovarian cancer-associated microbiome, providing potential theoretical support for the future development of microbiome-targeted antitumor therapies and early screening through convenient methods.},
}
@article {pmid39497183,
year = {2024},
author = {Prioux, C and Ferrier-Pages, C and Deter, J and Tignat-Perrier, R and Guilbert, A and Ballesta, L and Allemand, D and van de Water, JAJM},
title = {Insights into the occurrence of phylosymbiosis and co-phylogeny in the holobionts of octocorals from the Mediterranean Sea and Red Sea.},
journal = {Animal microbiome},
volume = {6},
number = {1},
pages = {62},
pmid = {39497183},
issn = {2524-4671},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Corals are the foundational species of coral reefs and coralligenous ecosystems. Their success has been linked to symbioses with microorganisms, and a coral host and its symbionts are therefore considered a single entity, called the holobiont. This suggests that there may be evolutionary links between corals and their microbiomes. While there is evidence of phylosymbiosis in scleractinian hexacorals, little is known about the holobionts of Alcyonacean octocorals.<br><br>RESULTS: 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing revealed differences in the diversity and composition of bacterial communities associated with octocorals collected from the mesophotic zones of the Mediterranean and Red Seas. The low diversity and consistent dominance of Endozoicomonadaceae and/or Spirochaetaceae in the bacterial communities of Mediterranean octocorals suggest that these corals may have a shared evolutionary history with their microbiota. Phylosymbiotic signals were indeed detected and cophylogeny in associations between several bacterial strains, particularly those belonging to Endozoicomonadaceae or Spirochaetaceae, and coral species were identified. Conversely, phylosymbiotic patterns were not evident in Red Sea octocorals, likely due to the high bacterial taxonomic diversity in their microbiota, but cophylogeny in associations between certain coral and bacterial species was observed. Noteworthy were the associations with Endozoicomonadaceae, suggesting a plausible evolutionary link that warrants further investigations to uncover potential underlying patterns.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Overall, our findings emphasize the importance of Endozoicomonadaceae and Spirochaetaceae in coral symbiosis and the significance of exploring host-microbiome interactions in mesophotic ecosystems for a comprehensive understanding of coral-microbiome evolutionary history.},
}
@article {pmid39497067,
year = {2024},
author = {Moeller, AH and Dillard, BA and Goldman, SL and Real, MVF and Sprockett, DD},
title = {Removal of sequencing adapter contamination improves microbial genome databases.},
journal = {BMC genomics},
volume = {25},
number = {1},
pages = {1033},
pmid = {39497067},
issn = {1471-2164},
mesh = {Animals ; *Databases, Genetic ; DNA Contamination ; Genome, Microbial ; Humans ; Sequence Analysis, DNA/methods ; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing/methods ; Cattle ; Mice ; Swine ; },
abstract = {Advances in assembling microbial genomes have led to growth of reference genome databases, which have been transformative for applied and basic microbiome research. Here we show that published microbial genome databases from humans, mice, cows, pigs, fish, honeybees, and marine environments contain significant sequencing-adapter contamination that systematically reduces assembly accuracy and contiguousness. By removing the adapter-contaminated ends of contiguous sequences and reassembling MGnify reference genomes, we improve the quality of assemblies in these databases.},
}
@article {pmid39497066,
year = {2024},
author = {Zhong, J and Pan, W and Jiang, S and Hu, Y and Yang, G and Zhang, K and Xia, Z and Chen, B},
title = {Flue-cured tobacco intercropping with insectary floral plants improves rhizosphere soil microbial communities and chemical properties of flue-cured tobacco.},
journal = {BMC microbiology},
volume = {24},
number = {1},
pages = {446},
pmid = {39497066},
issn = {1471-2180},
support = {110202101049[LS-09]//Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute, China National Tobacco Corporation/ ; 110202101049[LS-09]//Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute, China National Tobacco Corporation/ ; 110202101049[LS-09]//Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute, China National Tobacco Corporation/ ; 110202101049[LS-09]//Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute, China National Tobacco Corporation/ ; 110202101049[LS-09]//Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute, China National Tobacco Corporation/ ; 110202101049[LS-09]//Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute, China National Tobacco Corporation/ ; 110202101049[LS-09]//Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute, China National Tobacco Corporation/ ; 110202101049[LS-09]//Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute, China National Tobacco Corporation/ ; 2022530000241019//Yunnan Company of China National Tobacco Corporation/ ; 2022530000241019//Yunnan Company of China National Tobacco Corporation/ ; 2022530000241019//Yunnan Company of China National Tobacco Corporation/ ; 2022530000241019//Yunnan Company of China National Tobacco Corporation/ ; 2022530000241019//Yunnan Company of China National Tobacco Corporation/ ; 2022530000241019//Yunnan Company of China National Tobacco Corporation/ ; 2022530000241019//Yunnan Company of China National Tobacco Corporation/ ; 2022530000241019//Yunnan Company of China National Tobacco Corporation/ ; },
mesh = {*Nicotiana/microbiology/growth &amp; development ; *Rhizosphere ; *Soil Microbiology ; *Microbiota ; *Bacteria/classification/genetics/isolation &amp; purification ; Crops, Agricultural/growth &amp; development/microbiology ; Fungi/classification/genetics ; Agriculture/methods ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics ; Soil/chemistry ; Plant Roots/microbiology/growth &amp; development ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Continuous cropping of the same crop leads to land degradation. This is also called the continuous-cropping obstacle. Currently, intercropping tobacco with other crops can serve as an effective strategy to alleviate continuous cropping obstacles.<br><br>RESULTS: In this study, tobacco K326 and insectary floral plants were used as materials, and seven treatments of tobacco monoculture (CK), tobacco intercropped with Tagetes erecta, Vicia villosa, Fagopyrum esculentum, Lobularia maritima, Trifolium repens, and Argyranthemum frutescens respectively, were set up to study their effects on rhizosphere soil chemical properties and composition and structure of rhizosphere soil microbial community of tobacco. The 16&#xa0;S rRNA gene and ITS amplicons were sequenced using Illumina high-throughput sequencing. tobacco/insectary floral plants intercropping can influence rhizosphere soil chemical properties, which also change rhizosphere microbial communities. The CK and treatment groups tobacco rhizosphere soil microorganisms had significantly different genera, such as tobacco intercropping with T. repens and A. frutescens significantly increased the number of Fusarium and intercropping T. erecta, V. villosa, L. maritima, T. repens, and A. frutescens significantly increased the number of Sphingomonas and unknown Gemmatimonadaceae. Additionally, intercropping T. erecta, V. villosa and L. maritima changed the rhizosphere fungal and bacteria community and composition of tobacco and the positive correlation between tobacco rhizosphere the genera of fungi and bacterial were greater than CK. The pathway of the carbohydrate metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and energy metabolism in rhizosphere bacteria were significantly decreased after continuous cropping. Fungal symbiotic trophic and saprophytic trophic were significantly increased after intercropping V. villosa, L. maritima and plant pathogen and animal pathogen were increased after intercropping T. repens and A. frutescens. Additionally, bacterial and fungal communities significantly correlated with soil chemical properties, respectively.<br><br>CONCLUSION: This study reveals that intercropping tobacco with insectary floral plants, particularly T. erecta, V. villosa, L. maritima and A. frutescens significantly affects soil chemical properties and alters rhizosphere microbial communities, increasing the abundance of certain microbial genera. Additionally, intercropping enhances pathways related to carbohydrate, amino acid, and energy metabolism in rhizosphere bacteria. These findings suggest that intercropping could provide a promising strategy to overcome challenges associated with continuous tobacco cropping by regulating the rhizosphere environment.},
}
@article {pmid39496625,
year = {2024},
author = {Vohsen, SA and Gruber-Vodicka, HR and Herrera, S and Dubilier, N and Fisher, CR and Baums, IB},
title = {Discovery of deep-sea coral symbionts from a novel clade of marine bacteria with severely reduced genomes.},
journal = {Nature communications},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {9508},
pmid = {39496625},
issn = {2041-1723},
mesh = {Animals ; *Symbiosis/genetics ; *Anthozoa/microbiology ; *Genome, Bacterial/genetics ; *Phylogeny ; Microbiota/genetics ; Bacteria/genetics/classification/isolation &amp; purification ; Aquatic Organisms/genetics ; },
abstract = {Microbes perform critical functions in corals, yet most knowledge is derived from the photic zone. Here, we discover two mollicutes that dominate the microbiome of the deep-sea octocoral, Callogorgia delta, and likely reside in the mesoglea. These symbionts are abundant across the host's range, absent in the water, and appear to be rare in sediments. Unlike other mollicutes, they lack all known fermentative capabilities, including glycolysis, and can only generate energy from arginine provided by the coral host. Their genomes feature several mechanisms to interact with foreign DNA, including extensive CRISPR arrays and restriction-modification systems, which may indicate their role in symbiosis. We propose the novel family Oceanoplasmataceae which includes these symbionts and others associated with five marine invertebrate phyla. Its exceptionally broad host range suggests that the diversity of this enigmatic family remains largely undiscovered. Oceanoplasmataceae genomes are the most highly reduced among mollicutes, providing new insight into their reductive evolution and the roles of coral symbionts.},
}
@article {pmid39496278,
year = {2024},
author = {Thompson, RM and George, D and Del Carmen Montero-Calasanz, M},
title = {Actinorhizal plants and Frankiaceae: The overlooked future of phytoremediation.},
journal = {Environmental microbiology reports},
volume = {16},
number = {6},
pages = {e70033},
pmid = {39496278},
issn = {1758-2229},
support = {RYC2019-028468-I//Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities/ ; NE/S007512/1//Natural Environment Research Council/ ; },
mesh = {*Biodegradation, Environmental ; *Symbiosis ; Soil Pollutants/metabolism ; Frankia/metabolism/growth &amp; development/physiology ; Plants/metabolism/microbiology ; Soil Microbiology ; Metals, Heavy/metabolism ; Soil/chemistry ; Endophytes/metabolism/isolation &amp; purification ; },
abstract = {Bioremediation of degraded soils is increasingly necessary due to rising food demand, reductions in agricultural productivity, and limitations in total available arable area. Several bioremediation strategies could be utilized to combat soil degradation, with phytoremediation emerging as a standout option due to its in situ approach and low implementation and maintenance costs compared to other methods. Phytoremediation is also a sustainable solution, which is increasingly desirable to blunt the progression of global warming. Actinorhizal plants display several desirable traits for application in phytoremediation, including the ability to revegetate saline soil and sequester heavy metals with low foliar translocation. Additionally, when grown in association with Frankiaceae endophytes, these abilities are improved and expanded to include the degradation of anthropogenic pollutants and the restoration of soil fertility. However, despite this significant potential to remediate marginalized land, the actinorhizal-Frankiaceae symbiosis remains heavily understudied and underutilized. This review aims to collate the scattered studies that demonstrate these bioremediation abilities and explain the mechanics behind such abilities to provide the necessary insight. Finally, this review will conclude with proposed future directions for utilizing this symbiosis and how it can be optimized further to facilitate improved bioremediation outcomes.},
}
@article {pmid39495923,
year = {2024},
author = {Hansen, SB and Luu, TB and Gysel, K and Lironi, D and Krönauer, C and Rübsam, H and Jensen, IB and Tsitsikli, M and Birkefeldt, TG and Trgovcevic, A and Stougaard, J and Radutoiu, S and Andersen, KR},
title = {A conserved juxtamembrane motif in plant NFR5 receptors is essential for root nodule symbiosis.},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
volume = {121},
number = {46},
pages = {e2405671121},
doi = {10.1073/pnas.2405671121},
pmid = {39495923},
issn = {1091-6490},
support = {9040-00175B and 3103-00137B//Danish Council for Independent Research/ ; INV- 57461//Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (GF)/ ; },
mesh = {*Symbiosis/physiology ; *Lotus/microbiology/metabolism/genetics ; *Plant Proteins/metabolism/genetics/chemistry ; *Root Nodules, Plant/microbiology/metabolism ; *Amino Acid Motifs ; Signal Transduction ; Amino Acid Sequence ; },
abstract = {Establishment of root nodule symbiosis is initiated by the perception of bacterial Nod factor ligands by the plant LysM receptor kinases NFR1 and NFR5. Receptor signaling initiating the symbiotic pathway depends on the kinase activity of NFR1, while the signaling mechanism of the catalytically inactive NFR5 pseudokinase is unknown. Here, we present the crystal structure of the signaling-competent Lotus japonicus NFR5 intracellular domain, comprising the juxtamembrane region and pseudokinase domain. The juxtamembrane region is structurally well defined and forms two α-helices, αA and αA', which contain an exposed hydrophobic motif. We demonstrate that this "juxtamembrane motif" promotes NFR5-NFR5 and NFR1-NFR5 interactions and is essential for symbiotic signaling. Conservation analysis reveals that the juxtamembrane motif is present throughout NFR5-type receptors and is required for symbiosis signaling from barley RLK10, suggesting a conserved and broader function for this motif in plant-microbe symbioses.},
}
@article {pmid39495046,
year = {2024},
author = {Yang, SY and Lin, YY and Hao, Z and Li, ZJ and Peng, ZQ and Jin, T},
title = {Bacterial communities in Asecodes hispinarum (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) and its host Brontispa longissima (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), with comparison of Wolbachia dominance.},
journal = {Journal of economic entomology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/jee/toae234},
pmid = {39495046},
issn = {1938-291X},
support = {2021YFD2600405//National Key R&amp;D Program of China/ ; CATASCXTD202311//Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences for Science and Technology Innovation Team/ ; },
abstract = {The endoparasitoid Asecodes hispinarum (Bouček) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) serves as an effective biological control agent against Brontispa longissima (Gestro) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), a notorious palm pest. Endosymbionts found in parasitoids and their hosts have attracted significant attention due to their substantial influence on biocontrol efficacy. In this study, we employed 16S rRNA sequencing, polymerase chain reaction, and fluorescence in situ hybridization to assess the symbiotic bacteria composition, diversity, phylogeny, and localization in A. hispinarum and its host B. longissima. Our findings showed significant differences in the richness, diversity, and composition of symbiotic bacteria among different life stages of B. longissima. Notably, the bacterial richness, diversity, and composition of A. hispinarum was similar to that of B. longissima. Firmicutes and Proteobacteria were the dominant phyla, while Wolbachia was the dominant genera across the parasitoid and host. It was discovered for the first time that Wolbachia was present in A. hispinarum with a high infection rate at ≥ 96.67%. Notably, the Wolbachia strain in A. hispinarum was placed in supergroup A, whereas it was categorized under supergroup B in B. longissima. Furthermore, Wolbachia is concentrated in the abdomen of A. hispinarum, with particularly high levels observed in the ovipositors of female adults. These findings highlight the composition and diversity of symbiotic bacteria in both A. hispinarum and its host B. longissima, providing a foundation for the development of population regulation strategies targeting B. longissima.},
}
@article {pmid39493855,
year = {2024},
author = {Zhang, L and Chen, Q and Zeng, S and Deng, Z and Liu, Z and Li, X and Hou, Q and Zhou, R and Bao, S and Hou, D and Weng, S and He, J and Huang, Z},
title = {Succeed to culture a novel lineage symbiotic bacterium of Mollicutes which widely found in arthropods intestine uncovers the potential double-edged sword ecological function.},
journal = {Frontiers in microbiology},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1458382},
pmid = {39493855},
issn = {1664-302X},
abstract = {Symbiotic gut bacteria play crucial role in host health. Symbionts are widely distributed in arthropod intestines, but their ecological functions are poorly understood due to the inability to cultivate them. Members of Candidatus Bacilliplasma (CB) are widely distributed in crustacean intestine and maybe commensals with hosts, but the paucity of pure cultures has limited further insights into their physiologies and functions. Here, four strains of representative CB bacteria in shrimp intestine were successfully isolated and identified as members of a novel Order in the Phylum Mycoplasmatota. Through genome assembly, the circular genome maps of the four strains were obtained, and the number of coding genes ranged from 1,886 to 1,980. Genomic analysis suggested that the bacteria were missing genes for many critical pathways including the TCA cycle and biosynthesis pathways for amino acids and coenzyme factors. The analysis of 16S amplification data showed that Shewanella, Pseudomonas and CB were the dominant at the genera level in the intestine of Penaeus vannamei. Ecological functional experiments revealed that the strains were symbionts and colonized shrimp intestines. Our valued findings can greatly enhance our understanding and provides new insights into the potentially significant role of uncultured symbiotic bacteria in modulating host health.},
}
@article {pmid39493650,
year = {2024},
author = {Misawa, H and Tateishi, Y and Horimai, Y and Mizuno, A and Hida, F and Furukawa, H and Kobayashi, H and Kawai, M and Yamanaka, T and Fukuda, M and Yamada, A},
title = {A useful PCR primer set for the ectomycorrhizal fungus Tricholoma matsutake in wild pine rhizosphere based on the nuclear ribosomal DNA IGS2 sequence.},
journal = {Mycoscience},
volume = {65},
number = {4},
pages = {191-198},
pmid = {39493650},
issn = {1618-2545},
abstract = {Tricholoma matsutake is an edible ectomycorrhizal mushroom that forms a symbiotic association with Pinaceae trees by constructing a large extraradical mycelial area (called a shiro) in the soil. The detection of this fungal mycelium in the soil is crucial for estimating the success of outplanted mycorrhizal seedlings inoculated with T. matsutake under experimental conditions. Although several T. matsutake-specific DNA markers have been reported for efficient detection in the field, no comparative study has been conducted to assess their effectiveness. In the present study, we targeted the nuclear ribosomal DNA intergenic spacer 2 (IGS2) region for the detection of T. matsutake. The newly designed TmSP-I-2F/TmSP-I-2R primer pair, which targets a partial IGS2 sequence (543 bp), effectively detected T. matsutake from pine root and soil samples via PCR assay, outperforming other T. matsutake-specific primers. In combination with a PCR system targeting LTR DNA markers that were previously developed, a PCR system with the TmSP-I-2F/TmSP-I-2R primer pair set can expedite investigations of the dynamics of T. matsutake genets in mycorrhizas and shiro.},
}
@article {pmid39493340,
year = {2024},
author = {Hamid, MWA and Bin Abd Majid, R and Victor Ernest, VFK and Mohamed Shakrin, NNS and Mohamad Hamzah, F and Haque, M},
title = {A Narrative Review of Acanthamoeba Isolates in Malaysia: Challenges in Infection Management and Natural Therapeutic Advancements.},
journal = {Cureus},
volume = {16},
number = {11},
pages = {e72851},
pmid = {39493340},
issn = {2168-8184},
abstract = {Acanthamoeba, a free-living amoeba (FLA) found in diverse ecosystems, poses significant health risks globally, particularly in Malaysia. It causes severe infectious diseases, e.g., Acanthamoeba keratitis (AK), primarily affecting individuals who wear contact lenses, along with granulomatous amoebic encephalitis (GAE), a rare but often life-threatening condition among immunocompromised individuals. AK has become increasingly prevalent in Malaysia and is linked to widespread environmental contamination and improper contact lens hygiene. Recent studies highlight Acanthamoeba's capacity to serve as a "Trojan horse" for amoeba-resistant bacteria (ARBs), contributing to hospital-associated infections (HAIs). These symbiotic relationships and the resilience of Acanthamoeba cysts make treatment challenging. Current diagnostic methods in Malaysia rely on microscopy and culture, though molecular procedures like polymerase chain reaction (PCR) are employed for more precise detection. Treatment options remain limited due to the amoeba's cyst resistance to conventional therapies. However, recent advancements in natural therapeutics, including using plant extracts such as betulinic acid from Pericampylus glaucus and chlorogenic acid from Lonicera japonica, have shown promising in vitro results. Additionally, nanotechnology applications, mainly using gold and silver nanoparticles to enhance drug efficacy, are emerging as potential solutions. Further, in vivo studies and clinical trials must validate these findings. This review highlights the requirement for continuous research, public health strategies, and interdisciplinary collaboration to address the growing threat of Acanthamoeba infections in Malaysia while exploring the country's rich biodiversity for innovative therapeutic solutions.},
}
@article {pmid39493099,
year = {2024},
author = {Kumar, P and Ahmad, S and Roy, R and Jha, RK and Swati, S and Das, S and Purty, A and Somya, S and Pradhan, N},
title = {From Poverty Alleviation to Well-Being Enhancement: Empowering Mid-level Managers of JEEViKA and Its Technical Support Program (JTSP) Staff for Health, Nutrition and Sanitation Integration.},
journal = {Cureus},
volume = {16},
number = {10},
pages = {e70783},
pmid = {39493099},
issn = {2168-8184},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: The JEEViKA program, a rural livelihood initiative, sought to uplift Self-Help Group (SHG) cadres in Bihar, India. However, health-related issues remained a challenge due to limited attention and health literacy among SHG members and mid-level managers. This study aimed to enhance health knowledge among mid-level managers through a technical course developed by the All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) Patna in collaboration with JEEViKA and Project Concern International (PCI), focusing on integrating health aspects with economic development.<br><br>METHODS: A comprehensive training needs assessment identified gaps in health knowledge among mid-level managers. A technical course curriculum was developed, comprising 20 topics covering health, nutrition, and sanitation. The course was delivered virtually to six batches of mid-level managers. Pre- and post-training assessments measured knowledge improvement.<br><br>RESULTS: Initial assessment revealed that 71 (38.8%) participants had good, while 90 (49.2%) had average health knowledge scores. The virtual course led to improved knowledge levels, with 538 (89.7%) out of 600 total participants achieving good or excellent scores in post-training assessments. Specific knowledge gaps related to maternal, infant, and child health were addressed throughout the course.<br><br>DISCUSSION: The study underscores the importance of equipping mid-level managers with health literacy to effectively integrate health components into livelihood projects. The collaboration between AIIMS Patna, JEEViKA, and PCI highlights the potential of knowledge-based interventions to bridge health gaps in rural communities. The success of the virtual course emphasizes the feasibility of online training to enhance health knowledge and underscores the symbiotic relationship between health and economic development.},
}
@article {pmid39492539,
year = {2023},
author = {Li, J and Wu, B and Xu, M and Han, X and Xing, Y and Zhou, Y and Ran, M and Zhou, Y},
title = {Nitrogen source affects non-aeration microalgal-bacterial biofilm growth progression and metabolic function during greywater treatment.},
journal = {Bioresource technology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {129940},
doi = {10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129940},
pmid = {39492539},
issn = {1873-2976},
abstract = {The non-aeration microalgal-bacteria symbiotic system has attracted great attention due to excellent pollutants removal performance and low greenhouse gas emission. This study investigated how nitrogen (N) sources (ammonia, nitrate and urea) impact biofilm formation, pollutants removal and microbial niches in a microalgal-bacterial biofilm. Results showed that functional genus and enzymes contributed to organics biodegradation and carbon fixation, N transformation and assimilation enabled efficient pollutants removal without CO2 emission. Urea achieved the maximum chemical oxygen demand (89.2%) and linear alkylbenzene sulfonates (95.3%) removal. However, Nitrate significantly influenced microbial community structure and enabled the highest removal of total N (89.7%). Multifarious functional groups enabled the fast adsorption of pollutants, which favored the continuous transformation and fixing of carbon and N. But N source significantly affects the carbon and N dissimilation and fixing pathways. This study offers a promising alternative method that achieving low-carbon-footprint and cost-saving greywater treatment.},
}
@article {pmid39491259,
year = {2023},
author = {Hua, Z and Teng, X and Huang, J and Zhou, J and Zhao, Y and Huang, L and Yuan, Y},
title = {The Armillaria response to Gastrodia elata is partially mediated by strigolactone-induced changes in reactive oxygen species.},
journal = {Microbiological research},
volume = {278},
number = {},
pages = {127536},
doi = {10.1016/j.micres.2023.127536},
pmid = {39491259},
issn = {1618-0623},
abstract = {Armillaria root diseases, caused by Armillaria spp., pose a significant threat to woody plants worldwide and result in substantial economic losses. However, certain species in the genus Armillaria can establish a unique symbiotic relationship with Gastrodia elata, which is the only known example of a plant benefiting from Armillaria. Although various plant signals that play a role in this interaction have been identified, the mechanism remains largely unknown from the Armillaria's perspective. In this study, we performed whole-genome sequencing of an Armillaria gallica strain named NRC001 isolated from G. elata. Comparative genomic analysis showed it is low-pathogenic Armillaria spp., which possesses 169 expanded gene families compared to high-pathogenic Armillaria spp. Among these expanded families, transcriptomic analysis revealed a significant increase in expression levels of four reactive oxygen species (ROS)-related gene families in A. gallica on G. elata compared to A. gallica on wood. Thus, a systematic survey of ROS-related gene families was carried out, and a total of 218 genes belonging to 44 ROS-related gene families in A. gallica were identified. Physiological experiments and transcriptome analysis showed that strigolactones (SLs) released by G. elata have a mediation impact on ROS, particularly enhancing the ROS scavenging activities by increasing the expression level and activity of several enzymes, such as catalase and glutathione reductase. Among the ROS-related genes, the aquaporin (AQP) is crucial as it is responsible for transporting hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) across the cell membrane. Five orthologs of AQP genes in A. gallica were identified and overexpressed in yeast. Only AgAQPA from the so-called 'other aquaglyceroporin' subfamily was demonstrated to be capable of mediating H2O2 transport in A. gallica. To our best knowledge, this is the first 'other aquaglyceroporins' gene in fungi to be identified as having transporter capacity. This study not only provides new insights into the mechanisms by which SL signaling regulates interactions between Armillaria and G. elata, but also sheds light on the function of fungal AQPs.},
}
@article {pmid39490662,
year = {2024},
author = {Davias, A and Lyon-Caen, S and Rolland, M and Iszatt, N and Thomsen, C and Sabaredzovic, A and Sakhi, AK and Monot, C and Rayah, Y and Ilhan, ZE and Philippat, C and Eggesbø, M and Lepage, P and Slama, R},
title = {ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN PRE- AND POST-NATAL EXPOSURE TO PHTHALATE AND DINCH METABOLITES AND GUT MICROBIOTA IN ONE-YEAR OLD CHILDREN.},
journal = {Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {125204},
doi = {10.1016/j.envpol.2024.125204},
pmid = {39490662},
issn = {1873-6424},
abstract = {The gut microbiota is a collection of symbiotic microorganisms in the gastrointestinal tract. Its sensitivity to chemicals with widespread exposure, such as phthalates, is little known. We aimed to investigate the impact of perinatal exposure to phthalates on the infant gut microbiota at 12 months of age. Within SEPAGES cohort (Suivi de l'Exposition à la Pollution Atmosphérique durant la Grossesse et Effet sur la Santé), we assessed 13 phthalate metabolites and 2 di(isononyl) cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylate (DINCH) metabolites in repeated urine samples collected in pregnant women and their offspring. We obtained stool samples from 356 children at 12 months of age and sequenced the V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene, allowing gut bacterial profiling. We used single-chemical (linear regressions) and mixture (BKMR, Bayesian Kernel Machine Regression) models to examine associations of phthalates and DINCH metabolites, with gut microbiota indices of α-diversity (specific richness and Shannon diversity) and the relative abundances of the most abundant microbiota phyla and genera. After correction for multiple testing, di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (ΣDEHP), diethyl phthalate (DEP) and bis(2-propylheptyl) phthalate (DPHP) metabolites 12-month urinary concentrations were associated with higher Shannon α-diversity of the child gut microbiota in single-chemical models. The multiple-chemical model (BKMR) suggested higher α-diversity with exposure to the phthalate mixture at 12 months, driven by the same phthalates. There were no associations between phthalate and DINCH exposure biomarkers at other time points and α-diversity after correction for multiple testing. ΣDEHP metabolites concentration at 12 months was associated with higher Coprococcus genus. Finally, ΣDEHP exposure at 12 months tended to be associated with higher phylum Firmicutes, an association not maintained after correction for multiple testing. Infancy exposure to phthalate might disrupt children's gut microbiota. The observed associations were cross-sectional, so that reverse causality cannot be excluded.},
}
@article {pmid39490478,
year = {2024},
author = {Bhattacharyya, A and Heo, J and Priyajanani, J and Kim, SH and Khatun, MR and Nagarajan, R and Noh, I},
title = {Simultaneous processing of both handheld biomixing and biowriting of kombucha cultured pre-crosslinked nanocellulose bioink for regeneration of irregular and multi-layered tissue defects.},
journal = {International journal of biological macromolecules},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {136966},
doi = {10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.136966},
pmid = {39490478},
issn = {1879-0003},
abstract = {The nanocellulosic pellicle derived from the symbiotic culture of bacteria and yeast (Kombucha SCOBY) is an important biomaterial for 3D bioprinting in tissue engineering. However, this nanocellulosic hydrogel has a highly entangled gel network. This needs to be partially modified to improve its processability and extrusion ability for its applications in the 3D bioprinting area. To control its mechanical and biological properties for direct 3D bioprinting applications, uniform reinforcement of nanocellulose-interacting polymers and nanoparticles in such a prefabricated gel network is essential. In this study, the hydrogel network is partially hydrolyzed with organic acid and subsequently transformed into a 3D bioprintable polyelectrolyte complex with chitosan and kaolin nanoparticles without any chemical crosslinker using a handheld 3D bioprinter. This handheld bioprinter ensures homogeneity in both biomixing and bioprinting of chitosan and kaolin within the modified nanocellulose network for multi-layered bioprinted scaffolds through an extensional shear mechanism. The biomixing simulation, mechanical (static, dynamic, and cyclic), 3D bioprinting, and cellular studies confirm the homogeneous biomixing of kaolin nanoparticles and live cells in this nanocellulose-chitosan polyelectrolyte hydrogel. The combination of SCOBY-derived nanocellulose-chitosan bioink with kaolin nanoparticles and a screw-driven handheld extrusion bioprinter demonstrates a promising platform for layer-by-layer regeneration of complex tissues with homogeneous cell/particle distribution with high cell viability.},
}
@article {pmid39489442,
year = {2024},
author = {Majhi, B and Semwal, P and Mishra, SK and Chauhan, PS},
title = {"Strategies for microbes-mediated arsenic bioremediation: Impact of quorum sensing in the rhizosphere".},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {177321},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.177321},
pmid = {39489442},
issn = {1879-1026},
abstract = {Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are gaining recognition as pivotal agents in bioremediation, particularly in arsenic-contaminated environments. These bacteria leverage quorum sensing, an advanced communication system, to synchronize their activities within the rhizosphere and refine their arsenic detoxification strategies. Quorum Sensing enables PGPR to regulate critical processes such as biofilm formation, motility, and the activation of arsenic-resistance genes. This collective coordination enhances their capacity to immobilize, transform, and detoxify arsenic, decreasing its bioavailability and harmful effects on plants. Furthermore, quorum sensing strengthens the symbiotic relationship between growth-promoting rhizobacteria and plant roots, facilitating better nutrient exchange and boosting plant tolerance to stress. The current review highlights the significant role of quorum sensing in improving the efficacy of PGPR in arsenic remediation. Understanding and harnessing the PGPR-mediated quorum sensing mechanism to decipher the complex signaling pathways and communication systems could significantly advance remediation strategy, promoting sustainable soil health and boosting agricultural productivity.},
}
@article {pmid39489409,
year = {2024},
author = {Kong, X and Wang, W and Xia, S and Zhi, Y and Cai, Y and Zhang, H and Shen, X},
title = {Molecular and functional characterization of short peptidoglycan recognition proteins in Vesicomyidae clam.},
journal = {Developmental and comparative immunology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {105284},
doi = {10.1016/j.dci.2024.105284},
pmid = {39489409},
issn = {1879-0089},
abstract = {Within cold seep environments, the Vesicomyidae clam emerges as a prevalent species, distinguished by its symbiotic relationship with microorganisms housed within its organ gill. Given the extreme conditions and the symbiotic nature of this association, investigating the host's immune genes, particularly immune recognition receptors, is essential for understanding their role in facilitating host-symbiotic interactions. Three short peptidoglycan recognition proteins (PGRPs) were identified in the clam. AmPGRP-S1, -S2, and -S3 were found to possess conserved amidase binding sites and Zn[2+] binding sites. Quantitative Real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis revealed differential expression patterns among the PGRPs. AmPGRP-S1 and AmPGRP-S2 exhibited elevated expression levels in the gill, while AmPGRP-S3 displayed the highest expression in the adductor muscle. Functional experiments demonstrated that recombinant AmPGRP-S1, -S2, and -S3 (rAmPGRPs) exhibited binding capabilities to both L-PGN and D-PGN (peptidoglycan). Notably, rAmPGRP-S1 and -S2 possessed Zn[2+]-independent amidase activity, while rAmPGRP-S3 lacked this enzymatic function. rAmPGRPs were shown to bind to five different bacterial species. Among these, rAmPGRP-S1 inhibited Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis, while rAmPGRP-S2 and -S3 inhibited Bacillus subtilis in the absence of Zn[2+]. In the presence of Zn[2+], rAmPGRP-S1 and -S2 exhibited enhanced inhibitory activity against Staphylococcus aureus or Bacillus subtilis. These findings suggest that AmPGRPs may play a pivotal role in mediating the interaction between the host and endosymbiotic bacteria, functioning as PGN and microbe receptors, antibacterial effectors, and regulators of host-microbe symbiosis. These results contribute to our understanding of the adaptive mechanisms of deep-sea organisms to the challenging cold seep environments.},
}
@article {pmid39488693,
year = {2024},
author = {Noguchi, M and Toju, H},
title = {Mycorrhizal and endophytic fungi structure forest below-ground symbiosis through contrasting but interdependent assembly processes.},
journal = {Environmental microbiome},
volume = {19},
number = {1},
pages = {84},
pmid = {39488693},
issn = {2524-6372},
support = {JP23KJ1380//Japan Society for the Promotion of Science/ ; JPMJFR2048//Japan Science and Technology Agency/ ; RGP0029/2019//Human Frontier Science Program/ ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Interactions between plants and diverse root-associated fungi are essential drivers of forest ecosystem dynamics. The symbiosis is potentially dependent on multiple ecological factors/processes such as host/symbiont specificity, background soil microbiome, inter-root dispersal of symbionts, and fungus-fungus interactions within roots. Nonetheless, it has remained a major challenge to reveal the mechanisms by which those multiple factors/processes determine the assembly of root-associated fungal communities. Based on the framework of joint species distribution modeling, we examined 1,615 root-tips samples collected in a cool-temperate forest to reveal how root-associated fungal community structure was collectively formed through filtering by host plants, associations with background soil fungi, spatial autocorrelation, and symbiont-symbiont interactions. In addition, to detect fungi that drive the assembly of the entire root-associated fungal community, we inferred networks of direct fungus-fungus associations by a statistical modeling that could account for implicit environmental effects.<br><br>RESULTS: The fine-scale community structure of root-associated fungi were best explained by the statistical model including the four ecological factors/processes. Meanwhile, among partial models, those including background soil fungal community structure and within-root fungus-fungus interactions showed the highest performance. When fine-root distributions were examined, ectomycorrhizal fungi tended to show stronger associations with background soil community structure and spatially autocorrelated patterns than other fungal guilds. In contrast, the distributions of root-endophytic fungi were inferred to depend greatly on fungus-fungus interactions. An additional statistical analysis further suggested that some endophytic fungi, such as Phialocephala and Leptodontidium, were placed at the core positions within the web of direct associations with other root-associated fungi.<br><br>CONCLUSION: By applying emerging statistical frameworks to intensive datasets of root-associated fungal communities, we demonstrated background soil fungal community structure and fungus-fungus associations within roots, as well as filtering by host plants and spatial autocorrelation in ecological processes, could collectively drive the assembly of root-associated fungi. We also found that basic assembly rules could differ between mycorrhizal and endophytic fungi, both of which were major components of forest ecosystems. Consequently, knowledge of how multiple ecological factors/processes differentially drive the assembly of multiple fungal guilds is indispensable for comprehensively understanding the mechanisms by which terrestrial ecosystem dynamics are organized by plant-fungal symbiosis.},
}
@article {pmid39487507,
year = {2024},
author = {Hou, M and Leng, C and Zhu, J and Yang, M and Yin, Y and Xing, Y and Chen, J},
title = {Alpine and subalpine plant microbiome mediated plants adapt to the cold environment: A systematic review.},
journal = {Environmental microbiome},
volume = {19},
number = {1},
pages = {82},
pmid = {39487507},
issn = {2524-6372},
abstract = {With global climate change, ecosystems are affected, some of which are more vulnerable than others, such as alpine ecosystems. Microbes play an important role in environmental change in global ecosystems. Plants and microbes are tightly associated, and symbiotic or commensal microorganisms are crucial for plants to respond to stress, particularly for alpine plants. The current study of alpine and subalpine plant microbiome only stays at the community structure scale, but its ecological function and mechanism to help plants to adapt to the harsh environments have not received enough attention. Therefore, it is essential to systematically understand the structure, functions and mechanisms of the microbial community of alpine and subalpine plants, which will be helpful for the conservation of alpine and subalpine plants using synthetic microbial communities in the future. This review mainly summarizes the research progress of the alpine plant microbiome and its mediating mechanism of plant cold adaptation from the following three perspectives: (1) Microbiome community structure and their unique taxa of alpine and subalpine plants; (2) The role of alpine and subalpine plant microbiome in plant adaptation to cold stress; (3) Mechanisms by which the microbiome of alpine and subalpine plants promotes plant adaptation to low-temperature environments. Finally, we also discussed the future application of high-throughput technologies in the development of microbial communities for alpine and subalpine plants. The existing knowledge could improve our understanding of the important role of microbes in plant adaptation to harsh environments. In addition, perspective further studies on microbes' function confirmation and microbial manipulations in microbiome engineering were also discussed.},
}
@article {pmid39487149,
year = {2024},
author = {Sato, T and Abe, K and Koseki, J and Seto, M and Yokoyama, J and Akashi, T and Terada, M and Kadowaki, K and Yoshida, S and Yamashiki, YA and Shimamura, T},
title = {Survivability and life support in sealed mini-ecosystems with simulated planetary soils.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {14},
number = {1},
pages = {26322},
pmid = {39487149},
issn = {2045-2322},
mesh = {*Soil Microbiology ; *Soil/chemistry ; *Ecosystem ; Ecological Systems, Closed ; Microbiota ; Life Support Systems ; Space Flight ; Extraterrestrial Environment ; Groundwater/microbiology ; Plants/microbiology/metabolism ; Cyanobacteria/growth &amp; development/metabolism/physiology ; Animals ; },
abstract = {Establishing a sustainable life-support system for space exploration is a formidable challenge due to the vast distances, high costs, and environmental differences from Earth. Building upon the lessons from the Biosphere 2 experiment, we introduce the novel "Ecosphere" and "Biosealed" systems, self-sustaining ecosystems within customizable, enclosed containers. These systems incorporate terrestrial ecosystems and groundwater layers, offering a potential model for transplanting Earth-like biomes to extraterrestrial environments. Over 4 years, we conducted rigorous experiments and analyses to understand the dynamics of these enclosed ecosystems. We successfully mitigated moisture deficiency, a major obstacle to plant growth, by incorporating groundwater layers. Additionally, we quantified microbial communities proliferating in specific soils, including simulated lunar and Ryugu asteroid regolith, enhance plant cultivation in space environments. Metagenomic analysis of these simulated space soils revealed diverse microbial populations and their crucial role in plant growth and ecosystem stability. Notably, we identified symbiotic relationships between plants and Cyanobacteria, enhancing oxygen production, and demonstrated the potential of LED lighting as an alternative light source for plant cultivation in sun-limited space missions. We also confirmed the survival of fruit flies within these systems, relying on plant-produced oxygen and photosynthetic bacteria. Our research provides a comprehensive framework for developing future space life-support systems. The novelty of our work lies in the unique design of our enclosed ecosystems, incorporating groundwater layers and simulated extraterrestrial soils, and the detailed analysis of microbial communities within these systems. These findings offer valuable insights into the challenges and potential solutions for establishing sustainable human habitats in space, including the importance of microbial management and potential health concerns related to microbial exposure.},
}
@article {pmid39484594,
year = {2024},
author = {Zhou, Y and Komnick, MR and Sepulveda, F and Liu, G and Nieves-Ortiz, E and Meador, K and Ndatabaye, O and Fatkhullina, A and Wu-Woods, NJ and Naydenkov, PM and Kent, J and Christiansen, N and Madariaga, ML and Witkowski, P and Ismagilov, RF and Esterházy, D},
title = {Inducible, but not constitutive, pancreatic REG/Reg isoforms are regulated by intestinal microbiota and pancreatic diseases.},
journal = {bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1101/2024.10.18.619139},
pmid = {39484594},
issn = {2692-8205},
abstract = {The REG / Reg gene locus encodes for a conserved family of potent antimicrobial but also pancreatitis-associated proteins. Here we investigated whether REG/Reg family members differ in their baseline expression levels and abilities to be regulated in the pancreas and gut upon perturbations. We found, in human and mouse, pancreas and gut differed in REG / Reg isoform levels and preferences, with duodenum most resembling the pancreas. Pancreatic acinar cells and intestinal enterocytes were the dominant REG producers. Intestinal symbiotic microbes regulated the expression of the same, select Reg members in gut and pancreas. These Reg members had the most STAT3-binding sites close to the transcription start sites and were partially IL-22 dependent. We thus categorized them as "inducible" and others as "constitutive". Indeed, also in models of pancreatic-ductal adenocarcinoma and pancreatitis, only inducible Reg members were upregulated in pancreas. While intestinal Reg expression remained unchanged upon pancreatic perturbation, pancreatitis altered the microbial composition of the duodenum and feces shortly after disease onset. Our study reveals differential usage and regulation of REG / Reg isoforms as a mechanism for tissue-specific innate immunity, highlights the intimate connection of pancreas and duodenum, and implies a gut-to-pancreas communication axis resulting in a coordinated Reg response.},
}
@article {pmid39488793,
year = {2024},
author = {Hedin, KA and Mirhakkak, MH and Vaaben, TH and Sands, C and Pedersen, M and Baker, A and Vazquez-Uribe, R and Schäuble, S and Panagiotou, G and Wellejus, A and Sommer, MOA},
title = {Saccharomyces boulardii enhances anti-inflammatory effectors and AhR activation via metabolic interactions in probiotic communities.},
journal = {The ISME journal},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/ismejo/wrae212},
pmid = {39488793},
issn = {1751-7370},
abstract = {Metabolic exchanges between strains in gut microbial communities shape their composition and interactions with the host. This study investigates the metabolic synergy between potential probiotic bacteria and Saccharomyces boulardii, aiming to enhance anti-inflammatory effects within a multi-species probiotic community. By screening a collection of 85 potential probiotic bacterial strains, we identified two strains that demonstrated a synergistic relationship with S. boulardii in pairwise co-cultivation. Furthermore, we computationally predicted cooperative communities with symbiotic relationships between S. boulardii and these bacteria. Experimental validation of 28 communities highlighted the role of S. boulardii as a key player in microbial communities, significantly boosting the community's cell number and production of anti-inflammatory effectors, thereby affirming its essential role in improving symbiotic dynamics. Based on our observation, one defined community significantly activated the aryl hydrocarbon receptor-a key regulator of immune response-280-fold more effectively than the community without S. boulardii. This study underscores the potential of microbial communities for the design of more effective probiotic formulations.},
}
@article {pmid39488738,
year = {2024},
author = {Guo, D and Deng, Y and Yang, Q and Li, M and Wang, X and Wan, X and He, J and Xu, Y and Huang, W and Lin, G and Xu, Y and Sun, Y and Zhang, R and Chen, WH and Liu, Z},
title = {Symbiotic probiotic communities with multiple targets successfully combat obesity in high-fat-diet-fed mice.},
journal = {Gut microbes},
volume = {16},
number = {1},
pages = {2420771},
doi = {10.1080/19490976.2024.2420771},
pmid = {39488738},
issn = {1949-0984},
mesh = {Animals ; *Obesity/metabolism/microbiology ; *Probiotics/administration &amp; dosage/pharmacology ; *Diet, High-Fat/adverse effects ; Mice ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; *Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Male ; *Adipocytes/metabolism ; *Symbiosis ; Glucagon-Like Peptide 1/metabolism ; Amidohydrolases/metabolism/genetics ; Lipase/metabolism ; Bacteria/metabolism/genetics/classification/isolation &amp; purification ; Energy Metabolism ; Cell Differentiation ; },
abstract = {Probiotics hold great potential for treating metabolic diseases such as obesity. Given the complex and multifactorial nature of these diseases, research on probiotic combination with multiple targets has become popular. Here, we choose four obesity-related targets to perform high-throughput screening, including pancreatic lipase activity, bile salt hydrolase activity, glucagon-like peptide-1 secretion and adipocyte differentiation. Then, we obtained 649 multi-strain combinations with the requirement that each must cover all these targets in principle. After in vitro co-culture and in vivo co-colonization experiments, only four (<0.7%) combinations were selected as symbiotic probiotic communities (SPCs). Next, genome-scale metabolic model analysis revealed that these SPCs showed lower metabolic resource overlap and higher metabolic interaction potential involving amino acid metabolism (Ammonium, L-Lysine, etc.) and energy metabolism (Phosphate, etc.). Further animal experiments demonstrated that all SPCs exhibited a good safety profile and excellent effects in improving obesity and associated glucose metabolism disruptions and depression-like behaviors in high-fat-diet-fed mice. This anti-obesity improvement was achieved through reduced cholesterol level, fat accumulation and inhibited adipocyte differentiation. Taken together, our study provides a new perspective for designing multi-strain combinations, which may facilitate greater therapeutic effect on obesity and other complex diseases in the future.},
}
@article {pmid39487991,
year = {2024},
author = {Berckx, F and Van Nguyen, T and Hilker, R and Wibberg, D and Battenberg, K and Kalinowski, J and Berry, A and Pawlowski, K},
title = {Host dependent specialized metabolism of nitrogen export in actinorhizal nodules induced by Frankia cluster-2.},
journal = {Journal of experimental botany},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/jxb/erae446},
pmid = {39487991},
issn = {1460-2431},
abstract = {Frankia cluster-2 strains are diazotrophs that engage in root nodule symbiosis with actinorhizal plants of the Cucurbitales and the Rosales. Previous studies have shown that an assimilated nitrogen source, presumably arginine, is exported to the host in nodules of Datisca glomerata (Cucurbitales), while a different metabolite is exported in the nodules of Ceanothus thyrsiflorus (Rosales). To investigate if an assimilated nitrogen form is commonly exported to the host by cluster-2 strains, and which metabolite would be exported in Ceanothus, we analysed gene expression levels, metabolite profiles, and enzyme activities in nodules. We conclude that the export of assimilated nitrogen in symbiosis seems to be a common feature for Frankia cluster-2 strains, but which source is host-dependent. The export of assimilated ammonium to the host suggests that 2-oxoglutarate is drawn from the TCA cycle at a high rate. This specialised metabolism obviates the need for the reductive branch of the TCA cycle. We found several genes encoding enzymes of the central carbon and nitrogen metabolism were lacking in Frankia cluster-2 genomes: the glyoxylate shunt and succinate semialdehyde dehydrogenase. This led to a linearization of the TCA cycle, and we hypothesize this could explain the low saprotrophic potential of Frankia cluster-2.},
}
@article {pmid39486570,
year = {2024},
author = {Igamberdiev, AU},
title = {Human-driven evolution of cultivated plants and the origin of early civilizations: The concept of Neolithic revolution in the works of Nikolai Vavilov.},
journal = {Bio Systems},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {105359},
doi = {10.1016/j.biosystems.2024.105359},
pmid = {39486570},
issn = {1872-8324},
abstract = {The concept of centers of origin of cultivated plants (crop biodiversity hotspots) developed by Nikolai Vavilov (1887-1943) is essential for understanding the origin and evolution of human civilization. Vavilov formulated the principles of Neolithic agricultural revolution and substantiated the basic patterns for the emergence of agricultural civilizations. He established that the center of speciation of the plants that have a potential for cultivation determines the origin of primary civilization. Humans actively performed the selection of plants with valuable properties, which led to the formation of new cultivated species and varieties, while the starting point for such unconsciously human-directed evolution was the presence of potentially useful traits due to the increased genetic diversity in the center of origin. The spreading of agriculturally important cultivars from the center of their origin led to the propagation of beneficial farming technologies over large areas. The establishment of human civilization resulted from the dynamic quasi-symbiotic relationship between humans and domesticated plants and animals, which human-driven evolution became an essential factor for the transformation and dynamics of human societies. In the addendum, we present archive materials on the cooperation of Nikolai Vavilov with the historians and ethnologists from the editorial board of the journal "Novy Vostok" ("Nouvel Orient"). These materials include his letters to Professor Ilya Borozdin.},
}
@article {pmid39486317,
year = {2024},
author = {Chen, Y and Sun, C and Yan, Y and Jiang, D and Huangfu, S and Tian, L},
title = {Impact of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on maize rhizosphere microbiome stability under moderate drought conditions.},
journal = {Microbiological research},
volume = {290},
number = {},
pages = {127957},
doi = {10.1016/j.micres.2024.127957},
pmid = {39486317},
issn = {1618-0623},
abstract = {With an alarming increase in global greenhouse gas emissions, unstable weather conditions are significantly impacting agricultural production. Drought stress is one of the frequent consequences of climate change that affects crop growth and yield. Addressing this issue is critical to ensure stable crop productivity under drought conditions. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) establish symbiotic relationships with plants and enhance their resistance to adverse conditions. Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal associations on the rhizosphere microbiome and root transcriptome under drought conditions have not been explored. Here, we investigated the effects of AMF and drought stress on rhizosphere microorganisms and root transcriptome of maize plants grown in chernozem soil. We used high-throughput sequencing data of bacterial 16S rRNA and fungal internal transcribed spacer regions (ITS) to identify rhizosphere microorganisms. Transcriptomic data were used to assess gene expression in maize plants under different treatments. Our results show that AMF maintains the composition of maize rhizosphere microorganisms under drought stress. In particular, the bacterial and fungal phyla maintained were Actinomycetes and Ascomycota, respectively. Transcriptomic data indicated that AMF influenced gene expression in maize plants under drought stress. Under drought stress, the expression of SWEET13, CHIT3, and RPL23A was significantly higher in the presence of AMF than it was without AMF inoculation, indicating better sugar transport, reduced malondialdehyde accumulation, and improved water use efficiency in AMF-inoculated maize plants. These findings suggest that AMF can enhance the resistance of maize to moderate drought stress by stabilising plant physical traits, which may help maintain the structure of the rhizosphere microbial community. This study provides valuable theoretical insights that should aid the utilization of AMF in sustainable agricultural practices.},
}
@article {pmid39484028,
year = {2024},
author = {Zhao, Z and Liswaniso, S and Qin, N and Cao, S and Wu, X and Ma, C and Yan, C and Xu, R and Sun, X},
title = {Effects of a novel synbiotics-enzyme complex as a replacement for antibiotics on growth performance, slaughter and meat characteristics, immune organ index, and intestinal morphology of broilers.},
journal = {Frontiers in veterinary science},
volume = {11},
number = {},
pages = {1468847},
pmid = {39484028},
issn = {2297-1769},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Antibiotic use in broilers is being discouraged globally due to the challenges it poses. This study was conducted to assess the effects of supplementing broilers with a Symbiotic-Enzyme complex (SEC) containing prebiotics (mannose oligosaccharides), probiotics (Clostridium butyricum and Bacillus subtilis), and enzymes (glucose oxidase, and α-galactosidase) as an alternative to antibiotics on growth performance, carcass and meat quality traits, mortality, linear body measurements, intestinal morphology and immune organ indexes.<br><br>METHOD: A total of 864 mixed-sex 1-day-old arbor acres (AA+) broilers were allocated to 8 experimental groups replicated 9 times with 12 chickens per replicate. These included 6 treatment groups with SEC inclusion levels of 0.025, 0.04, 0.05, 0.06, 0.08, and 0.10%, respectively, and two control groups: a negative control group containing a basal diet only and the positive control group (Antibiotics group) containing a basal diet and antibiotic oxytetracycline added at 0.2%. Growth performance was measured on day 21 and 42, and the mortality, carcass, meat quality traits, linear body measurements, intestinal morphology, and organ size indexes were measured on day 42.<br><br>RESULTS: The results indicated that supplementing broilers with 0.1% SEC resulted in insignificant (P > 0.05) increases in average daily feed intake (ADFI), significant (P < 0.05) increases in the average daily gains (ADG), and significant (P < 0.05) reduction in a feed-to-gain ratio (F/G) in all the phases compared to the control and antibiotics groups. Supplementation of broilers with 0.1% SEC inclusion levels also significantly (P < 0.05) increased the body slope length, chest width, chest depth, keel length, and shank circumference. Furthermore, broilers on diets containing 0.1% SEC inclusion level also had significantly (P < 0.05) higher dressed, semi-evisceration, evisceration, and breast muscle percentages. Including SEC at 0.1% also significantly (P < 0.05) increased villus height and villus-to-crypt ratio (V/C) but reduced crypt depth in the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum compared to the control groups. SEC inclusion at 0.1% significantly (P < 0.05) increased the spleen, bursal, and thymus indexes, respectively.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Supplementation of broilers with 0.1% SEC can be used as an antibiotic alternative because it increases the F/G, improves the carcass and meat quality, increases the body conformation, improves the small intestines' functions, and immune organ size.},
}
@article {pmid39483758,
year = {2024},
author = {Klein, M and Bisot, C and Oyarte Gálvez, L and Kokkoris, V and Shimizu, TS and Dong, L and Weedon, JT and Bouwmeester, H and Kiers, ET},
title = {The potential of strigolactones to shift competitive dynamics among two Rhizophagus irregularis strains.},
journal = {Frontiers in microbiology},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1470469},
pmid = {39483758},
issn = {1664-302X},
abstract = {Strigolactones are phytohormones that influence arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (AMF) spore germination, pre-symbiotic hyphal branching, and metabolic rates. Historically, strigolactone effects have been tested on single AMF strains. An open question is whether intraspecific variation in strigolactone effects and intraspecific interactions can influence AMF competition. Using the Rhizophagus irregularis strains A5 and C2, we tested for intraspecific variation in the response of germination and pre-symbiotic growth (i.e., hyphal length and branching) to the strigolactones GR24 and 5-deoxystrigol. We also tested if interactions between these strains modified their germination rates and pre-symbiotic growth. Spore germination rates were consistently high (> 90%) for C2 spores, regardless of treatment and the presence of the other strain. For A5 spores, germination was increased by strigolactone presence from approximately 30 to 70% but reduced when grown in mixed culture. When growing together, branching increased for both strains compared to monocultures. In mixed cultures, strigolactones increased the branching for both strains but led to an increase in hyphal length only for the strain A5. These strain-specific responses suggest that strigolactones may have the potential to shift competitive dynamics among AMF species with direct implications for the establishment of the AMF community.},
}
@article {pmid39482197,
year = {2024},
author = {Bowland, AC and Melin, AD and Hosken, DJ and Hockings, KJ and Carrigan, MA},
title = {The evolutionary ecology of ethanol.},
journal = {Trends in ecology &amp; evolution},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.tree.2024.09.005},
pmid = {39482197},
issn = {1872-8383},
abstract = {The consumption of ethanol has frequently been seen as largely restricted to humans. Here, we take a broad eco-evolutionary approach to understanding ethanol's potential impact on the natural world. There is growing evidence that ethanol is present in many wild fruits, saps, and nectars and that ethanol ingestion offers benefits that favour adaptations for its use in multiple taxa. Explanations for ethanol consumption span both the nutritional and non-nutritional, with potential medicinal value or cognitive effects (with social-behavioural benefits) explored. We conclude that ethanol is ecologically relevant and that it has shaped the evolution of many species and structured symbiotic relationships among organisms, including plants, yeast, bacteria, insects, and mammals.},
}
@article {pmid39481932,
year = {2025},
author = {Zhu, S and Mao, H and Sun, S and Yang, X and Zhao, W and Sheng, L and Chen, Z},
title = {Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi promote functional gene regulation of phosphorus cycling in rhizosphere microorganisms of Iris tectorum under Cr stress.},
journal = {Journal of environmental sciences (China)},
volume = {151},
number = {},
pages = {187-199},
doi = {10.1016/j.jes.2024.02.029},
pmid = {39481932},
issn = {1001-0742},
mesh = {*Mycorrhizae/physiology ; *Phosphorus/metabolism ; *Rhizosphere ; *Soil Microbiology ; *Chromium/metabolism ; *Soil Pollutants/metabolism ; Iris Plant/metabolism ; Symbiosis ; },
abstract = {The mutualistic symbiotic system formed by clumping arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and plants can remediate heavy metal-contaminated soils. However, the specific mechanisms underlying the interaction between AMF and inter-root microbial communities, particularly their impact on organic phosphorus (P) cycling, remain unclear. This study investigated the gene regulation processes involved in inter-root soil phosphorus cycling in wetland plants, specifically Iris tectorum, following inoculation with AMF under varying concentrations of chromium (Cr) stress. Through macro-genome sequencing, we analyzed the composition and structure of the inter-root soil microbial community associated with Iris tectorum under greenhouse pot conditions. The results demonstrated significant changes in the diversity and composition of the inter-root soil microbial community following AMF inoculation, with Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Chloroflexi, Acidobacteria, and Bacteroidetes being the dominant taxa. Under Cr stress, species and gene co-occurrence network analysis revealed that AMF promoted the transformation process of organic phosphorus mineralization and facilitated inorganic phosphorus uptake. Additionally, network analysis of functional genes indicated strong aggregation of (pstS, pstA, pstC, TC.PIT, phoR, pp-gppA) genes, which collectively enhanced phosphorus uptake by plants. These findings shed light on the inter-root soil phosphorus cycling process during the co-remediation of Cr-contaminated soil by AMF-Iris tectorum symbiosis, providing valuable theoretical support for the application of AMF-wetland plant symbiosis systems to remediate heavy metal-contaminated soil.},
}
@article {pmid39481695,
year = {2024},
author = {Ma, Y and Chen, T and Sun, T and Dilimulati, D and Xiao, Y},
title = {The oncomicrobiome: new insights into microorganisms in cancer.},
journal = {Microbial pathogenesis},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {107091},
doi = {10.1016/j.micpath.2024.107091},
pmid = {39481695},
issn = {1096-1208},
abstract = {The discoveries of the oncomicrobiome (intratumoral microbiome) and oncomicrobiota (intratumoral microbiota) represent significant advances in tumor research and have rapidly become of key interest to the field. Within tumors, microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, viruses, and archaea form the oncomicrobiota and are primarily found within tumor cells, immunocytes, and the intercellular matrix. The oncomicrobiome exhibits marked heterogeneity and is associated with tumor initiation, progression, metastasis, and treatment response. Interactions between the oncomicrobiome and the immune system can modulate host antitumor immunity, influencing the efficacy of immunotherapies. Oncomicrobiome research also faces numerous challenges, including overcoming methodological issues such as low target abundance, susceptibility to contamination, and biases in sample handling and analysis methods across different studies. Furthermore, studies of the oncomicrobiome may be confounded by baseline differences in microbiomes among populations driven by both environmental and genetic factors. Most studies to date have revealed associations between the oncomicrobiome and tumors, but very few have established mechanistic links between the two. This review introduces the relevant concepts, detection methods, sources, and characteristics of the oncomicrobiome. We then describe the composition of the oncomicrobiome in common tumors and its role in shaping the tumor microenvironment. We also discuss the current problems and challenges to be overcome in this rapidly progressing field.},
}
@article {pmid39481116,
year = {2024},
author = {Liu, X and Dong, H and Wang, H and Ren, X and Yang, X and Li, T and Fu, G and Xia, M and Fang, H and Du, G and Jin, Z and Zhang, D},
title = {Recent Advances in Genetic Engineering Strategies of Sinorhizobium meliloti.},
journal = {ACS synthetic biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1021/acssynbio.4c00348},
pmid = {39481116},
issn = {2161-5063},
abstract = {Sinorhizobium meliloti is a free-living soil Gram-negative bacterium that participates in nitrogen-fixation symbiosis with several legumes. S. meliloti has the potential to be utilized for the production of high-value nutritional compounds, such as vitamin B12. Advances in gene editing tools play a vital role in the development of S. meliloti strains with enhanced characteristics for biotechnological applications. Several novel genetic engineering strategies have emerged in recent years to investigate genetic modifications in S. meliloti. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the mechanism and application of the extensively used Tn5-mediated genetic engineering strategies. Strategies based on homologous recombination and site-specific recombination were also discussed. Subsequently, the development and application of the genetic engineering strategies utilizing various CRISPR/Cas systems in S. meliloti are summarized. This review may stimulate research interest among scientists, foster studies in the application areas of S. meliloti, and serve as a reference for the utilization of genome editing tools for other Rhizobium species.},
}
@article {pmid39480079,
year = {2024},
author = {Nazaret, F and Farajzadeh, D and Mejias, J and Pacoud, M and Cosi, A and Frendo, P and Alloing, G and Mandon, K},
title = {SydR, a redox-sensing MarR-type regulator of Sinorhizobium meliloti, is crucial for symbiotic infection of Medicago truncatula roots.},
journal = {mBio},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e0227524},
doi = {10.1128/mbio.02275-24},
pmid = {39480079},
issn = {2150-7511},
abstract = {Rhizobia associate with legumes and induce the formation of nitrogen-fixing nodules. The regulation of bacterial redox state plays a major role in symbiosis, and reactive oxygen species produced by the plant are known to activate signaling pathways. However, only a few redox-sensing transcriptional regulators (TRs) have been characterized in the microsymbiont. Here, we describe SydR, a novel redox-sensing TR of Sinorhizobium meliloti that is essential for the establishment of symbiosis with Medicago truncatula. SydR, a MarR-type TR, represses the expression of the adjacent gene SMa2023 in growing cultures, and this repression is alleviated by NaOCl, tert-butyl hydroperoxide, or H2O2 treatment. Transcriptional psydR-gfp and pSMa2023-gfp fusions, as well as gel shift assays, showed that SydR binds two independent sites of the sydR-SMa2023 intergenic region. This binding is redox-dependent, and site-directed mutagenesis demonstrated that the conserved C16 is essential for SydR redox sensing. The inactivation of sydR did not alter the sensitivity of S. meliloti to NaOCl, tert-butyl hydroperoxide, or H2O2, nor did it affect the response to oxidants of the roGFP2-Orp1 redox biosensor expressed within bacteria. However, in planta, ΔsydR mutation impaired the formation of root nodules. Microscopic observations and analyses of plant marker gene expression showed that the ΔsydR mutant is defective at an early stage of the bacterial infection process. Altogether, these results demonstrated that SydR is a redox-sensing MarR-type TR that plays a key role in the regulation of nitrogen-fixing symbiosis with M. truncatula.IMPORTANCEThe nitrogen-fixing symbiosis between rhizobia and legumes has an important ecological role in the nitrogen cycle, contributes to nitrogen enrichment of soils, and can improve plant growth in agriculture. This interaction is initiated in the rhizosphere by a molecular dialog between the two partners, resulting in plant root infection and the formation of root nodules, where bacteria reduce the atmospheric nitrogen into ammonium. This symbiosis involves modifications of the bacterial redox state in response to reactive oxygen species produced by the plant partner. Here, we show that SydR, a transcriptional regulator of the Medicago symbiont Sinorhizobium meliloti, acts as a redox-responsive repressor that is crucial for the development of root nodules and contributes to the regulation of bacterial infection in S. meliloti/Medicago truncatula symbiotic interaction.},
}
@article {pmid39479926,
year = {2024},
author = {Watanabe, A and Tipgomut, C and Totani, H and Yoshimura, K and Iwano, T and Bashiri, H and Chua, LH and Yang, C and Suda, T},
title = {Noncanonical TCA cycle fosters canonical TCA cycle and mitochondrial integrity in acute myeloid leukemia.},
journal = {Cancer science},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/cas.16347},
pmid = {39479926},
issn = {1349-7006},
support = {NMRC/MOH-STaR18May (MOH-000149)//National Medical Research Council of Singapore/ ; },
abstract = {Cancer cells rely on mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and the noncanonical tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. In this paper, we shed light on the vital role played by the noncanonical TCA cycle in a host-side concession to mitochondria, especially in highly energy-demanding malignant tumor cells. Inhibition of ATP-citrate lyase (ACLY), a key enzyme in the noncanonical TCA cycle, induced apoptosis by increasing reactive oxygen species levels and DNA damage while reducing mitochondrial membrane potential. The mitochondrial membrane citrate transporter inhibitor, CTPI2, synergistically enhanced these effects. ACLY inhibition reduced cytosolic citrate levels and CTPI2 lowered ACLY activity, suggesting that the noncanonical TCA cycle is sustained by a positive feedback mechanism. These inhibitions impaired ATP production, particularly through OXPHOS. Metabolomic analysis of mitochondrial and cytosolic fractions revealed reduced levels of glutathione pathway-related and TCA cycle-related metabolite, except fumarate, in mitochondria following noncanonical TCA cycle inhibition. Despite the efficient energy supply to the cell by mitochondria, this symbiosis poses challenges related to reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial maintenance. In conclusion, the noncanonical TCA cycle is indispensable for the canonical TCA cycle and mitochondrial integrity, contributing to mitochondrial domestication.},
}
@article {pmid39479547,
year = {2024},
author = {He, T and Yang, M and Du, H and Du, R and He, Y and Wang, S and Deng, W and Liu, Y and He, X and Zhu, Y and Zhu, S and Du, F},
title = {Biocontrol agents transform the stability and functional characteristics of the grape phyllosphere microenvironment.},
journal = {Frontiers in plant science},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1439776},
pmid = {39479547},
issn = {1664-462X},
abstract = {The spread of grape leaf diseases has a negative impact on the sustainable development of agriculture. Diseases induced by Uncinula necator significantly affect the quality of grapes. Bacillus biocontrol agents have been proven effective in disease management. However, limited research has been conducted on the impact of biocontrol agents on the assembly and potential functions of plant phyllosphere microbial communities. This study used high-throughput sequencing combined with bioinformatics analysis and culture omics technology for analysis. The results showed that biocontrol bacteria B. subtilis utilized in this study can significantly reduce the disease index of powdery mildew (p<0.05); concurrently, it exhibits a lower disease index compared to traditional fungicides. A comprehensive analysis has revealed that biocontrol bacteria have no significant impact on the diversity of phyllosphere fungi and bacteria, while fungicides can significantly reduce bacterial diversity. Additionally, biocontrol agents can increase the complexity of fungal networks and enhance the degree of modularity and stability of the bacterial network. The results also showed that the biocontrol agents, which contained a high amount of B. subtilis, were able to effectively colonize the grapevine phyllosphere, creating a microenvironment that significantly inhibits pathogenic bacteria on grape leaves while enhancing leaf photosynthetic capacity. In conclusion, biocontrol agents significantly reduce the grape powdery mildew disease index, promote a microenvironment conducive to symbiotic microorganisms and beneficial bacteria, and enhance plant photosynthetic capacity. These findings provide a basis for promoting biocontrol agents and offer valuable insights into sustainable agriculture development.},
}
@article {pmid39479456,
year = {2024},
author = {Li, M and Cui, Y and Qi, Q and Liu, J and Li, J and Huang, G and Yang, J and Sun, J and Ma, Z and Liang, S and Zhang, D and Jiang, J and Zhu, R and Liu, Q and Huang, R and Yan, J},
title = {SPOP downregulation promotes bladder cancer progression based on cancer cell-macrophage crosstalk via STAT3/CCL2/IL-6 axis and is regulated by VEZF1.},
journal = {Theranostics},
volume = {14},
number = {17},
pages = {6543-6559},
pmid = {39479456},
issn = {1838-7640},
mesh = {Humans ; *Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/pathology/metabolism/genetics ; *Repressor Proteins/metabolism/genetics ; *STAT3 Transcription Factor/metabolism/genetics ; *Interleukin-6/metabolism ; *Nuclear Proteins/metabolism/genetics ; *Chemokine CCL2/metabolism/genetics ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Animals ; *Tumor Microenvironment ; *Disease Progression ; *Down-Regulation ; Mice ; *Tumor-Associated Macrophages/metabolism ; Cell Proliferation ; Macrophages/metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Signal Transduction ; Mice, Nude ; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases/metabolism/genetics ; Female ; },
abstract = {Background: Cancer cells are intimately intertwined with tumor microenvironment (TME), fostering a symbiotic relationship propelling cancer progression. However, the interaction between cancer cells and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in urothelial bladder cancer (UBC) remains poorly understood. Methods: UBC cell lines (5637, T24 and SW780), along with a monocytic cell line (U937) capable of differentiating into macrophage, were used in a co-culture system for cell proliferation and stemness by MTT, sphere formation assays. VEZF1/SPOP/STAT3/CCL2/ IL-6 axis was determined by luciferase reporter, ChIP, RNA-seq, co-IP, in vitro ubiquitination, RT-qPCR array and ELISA analyses. Results: We observed the frequent downregulation of SPOP, an E3 ubiquitin ligase, was positively associated with tumor progression and TAM infiltration in UBC patients and T24 xenografts. Cancer cell-TAM crosstalk promoting tumor aggressiveness was demonstrated dependent on SPOP deficiency: 1) In UBC cells, STAT3 was identified as a novel substrate of SPOP, and SPOP deficiency increased STAT3 protein stability, elevated chemokine CCL2 secretion, which induced chemotaxis and M2 polarization of macrophage; 2) In co-cultured macrophages, IL-6 secretion enhanced UBC cell proliferation and stemness. Additionally, transcription factor VEZF1 could directly activate SPOP transcription, and its overexpression suppressed the above effects in UBC cells. Conclusions: A pivotal role of SPOP in maintaining UBC stemness and remodeling immunosuppressive TME was revealed. Both the intrinsic signaling (dysregulated VEZF1/SPOP/STAT3 axis) and the extrinsic cues from TME (CCL2-IL-6 axis based on macrophages) promoted UBC progression. Targeting this crosstalk may offer a promising therapeutic strategy for UBC patients with SPOP deficiency.},
}
@article {pmid39477030,
year = {2024},
author = {An, S and Oh, J and Shon, HJ and Song, J and Choi, YS and Kim, D},
title = {Co-adjuvanting Nod2-stimulating bacteria with a TLR7 agonist elicits potent protective immunity against respiratory virus infection.},
journal = {International journal of antimicrobial agents},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {107369},
doi = {10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2024.107369},
pmid = {39477030},
issn = {1872-7913},
abstract = {The microbiota plays a crucial role in inducing immune responses. Our previous studies have shown that symbiotic bacterial sensing by the nucleotide-binding oligomerization-domain-containing protein 2 (Nod2) receptor is involved in the mucosal adjuvanticity of cholera toxin. However, cholera toxin's potential toxicity limits human use. Here, screening other less toxic adjuvants showed that toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 and 7 agonists synergized with the microbiota in inducing adaptive immune responses upon nasal immunization. Particularly, Imiquimod, a TLR7 agonist, exhibited synergistic effects with bacterial component MDP, a Nod2 ligand, in inducing immune responses, such as IL-12p40 and IL-6 productions in bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) and follicular helper T (TFH) cell differentiation and high-affinity antibody production in immunized mice. The Imiquimod-MDP combination notably elicited immune protection against influenza and SARS-CoV-2 infections. Furthermore, we isolated some bacteria from the nasal cavity of healthy donors, and their Nod2-stimulating activities were measured using a reporter cell line. Staphylococcus aureus, with notable Nod2-stimulating activity, showed higher synergy with Imiquimod than Staphylococcus epidermidis, while the synergistic effects by Imiquimod-bacteria combination disappeared in Nod2-knockout mice. Moreover, the pretreatment with S. aureus enhanced the protective effect of Imiquimod-mediated vaccination against influenza virus compared to S. epidermidis. These results imply that the Imiquimod-MDP and the Imiquimod-bacteria combinations could be novel and promising complex adjuvants in developing intranasal vaccines.},
}
@article {pmid39476928,
year = {2024},
author = {Yang, H and Yao, B and Lian, J and Su, Y and Li, Y},
title = {Tree species-dependent effects of afforestation on soil fungal diversity, functional guilds and co-occurrence networks in northern China.},
journal = {Environmental research},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {120258},
doi = {10.1016/j.envres.2024.120258},
pmid = {39476928},
issn = {1096-0953},
abstract = {Afforestation exerts a profound impact on soil fungal communities, with the nature and extent of these changes significantly influenced by the specific tree species selected. While extensive research has addressed the aboveground ecological outcomes of afforestation, the nuanced interactions between tree species and soil fungal dynamics remain underexplored. This study investigated the effects of afforestation with Caragana microphylla (CMI), Populus simonii (PSI), and Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica (PSY) on soil fungal diversity, functional guilds, and co-occurrence networks, drawing comparisons with neighboring grasslands. Our findings reveal a significant increase in soil fungal Chao1 richness following afforestation, though the degree of enhancement varied across tree species. Specifically, CMI and PSI forests showed notable increases in fungal richness, whereas the response in PSY forests was comparatively modest. Saprotrophic fungal groups, integral to organic matter decomposition, showed a substantial increase across all afforested sites, with CMI forests exhibiting an impressive 205.58% rise. Conversely, pathogenic fungi, which can negatively impact plant health, demonstrated a marked decrease within plantation forests. Symbiotic groups, particularly ectomycorrhizal fungi, were notably enriched solely in PSI forests. Co-occurrence network analysis further indicated that afforestation alters fungal network complexity: CMI forests displayed increased network interactions, while PSI and PSY forests exhibited a reduction in network connectivity. Soil bulk density and organic carbon content emerged as key factors influencing network complexity, whereas tree species identity played a crucial role in shaping soil fungal community composition. Collectively, these results emphasize the importance of adopting a species-specific strategy for afforestation to optimize soil fungal diversity and network structure, ultimately enhancing the ecological resilience and sustainability of forest plantation ecosystems.},
}
@article {pmid39476691,
year = {2024},
author = {Zhou, M and Li, H and Xi, L and Shi, F and Li, X and Wang, F and Liu, X and Su, H and Wei, Y},
title = {Influence of rhizospheric symbiotic microorganisms on the behavioural effects of antimony in soil-plant system: Insights from a proteomic perspective.},
journal = {Journal of hazardous materials},
volume = {480},
number = {},
pages = {136328},
doi = {10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.136328},
pmid = {39476691},
issn = {1873-3336},
abstract = {Antimony (Sb) pollution in soil-rice systems can affect human health by enriching of food chains. Currently, the mechanism of the negative role underlying microorganisms in plant responses to Sb stress remains clear. The results of this study showed that the presence of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, a common symbiotic microorganism in rhizosphere soil, significantly enhanced Sb uptake by upland rice and inhibited its growth. Furthermore, we explained the reasons for the adverse effects of AM fungi mediation on upland rice growth under Sb stress from a molecular perspective. The results also showed that AM fungi affect the biological processes of the response of upland rice to oxidative stress and the functions of its antioxidant active molecules throughout the vegetative growth phase of upland rice, and that the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway is significantly downregulated. At the same time, phenylalanine/tyrosine ammonia-lyase (PTAL) in the pathway was significantly expressed in the middle and late stages of vegetative growth of upland rice. Therefore, PTAL can act as a potential reference protein to investigate the response of upland rice to Sb stress mediated by AM fungi. These findings enrich our understanding of the impact of Sb pollution on soil-plant systems in real soil environments.},
}
@article {pmid39476517,
year = {2024},
author = {Zhuang, Z and Sethupathy, S and Bajón-Fernández, Y and Ali, S and Niu, L and Zhu, D},
title = {Microbial chemotaxis in degradation of xenobiotics: Current trends and opportunities.},
journal = {Microbiological research},
volume = {290},
number = {},
pages = {127935},
doi = {10.1016/j.micres.2024.127935},
pmid = {39476517},
issn = {1618-0623},
abstract = {Chemotaxis, the directed movement of microbes in response to chemical gradients, plays a crucial role in the biodegradation of xenobiotics, such as pesticides, industrial chemicals, and pharmaceuticals, which pose significant environmental and health risks. Emerging trends in genomics, proteomics, and synthetic biology have advanced our understanding and control of these processes, thereby enabling the development of engineered microorganisms with tailored chemotactic responses and degradation capabilities. This process plays an essential physiological role in processes, such as surface sensing, biofilm formation, quorum detection, pathogenicity, colonization, symbiotic interactions with the host system, and plant growth promotion. Field applications have demonstrated the potential of bioremediation for cleaning contaminated environments. Therefore, it helps to increase the bioavailability of pollutants and enables bacteria to access distantly located pollutants. Despite considerable breakthroughs in decoding the regulatory mechanisms of bacterial chemotaxis, there are still gaps in knowledge that need to be resolved to harness its potential for sensing and degrading pollutants in the environment. This review covers the role of bacterial chemotaxis in the degradation of xenobiotics present in the environment, focusing on chemotaxis-based bacterial and microfluidic biosensors for environmental monitoring. Finally, we highlight the current challenges and future perspectives for developing more effective and sustainable strategies to mitigate the environmental impact of xenobiotics.},
}
@article {pmid39475833,
year = {2024},
author = {Ravaut, M and Zhao, R and Phung, D and Qin, VM and Milovanovic, D and Pienkowska, A and Bojic, I and Car, J and Joty, S},
title = {Targeting COVID-19 and Human Resources for Health News Information Extraction: Algorithm Development and Validation.},
journal = {JMIR AI},
volume = {3},
number = {},
pages = {e55059},
doi = {10.2196/55059},
pmid = {39475833},
issn = {2817-1705},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Global pandemics like COVID-19 put a high amount of strain on health care systems and health workers worldwide. These crises generate a vast amount of news information published online across the globe. This extensive corpus of articles has the potential to provide valuable insights into the nature of ongoing events and guide interventions and policies. However, the sheer volume of information is beyond the capacity of human experts to process and analyze effectively.<br><br>OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to explore how natural language processing (NLP) can be leveraged to build a system that allows for quick analysis of a high volume of news articles. Along with this, the objective was to create a workflow comprising human-computer symbiosis to derive valuable insights to support health workforce strategic policy dialogue, advocacy, and decision-making.<br><br>METHODS: We conducted a review of open-source news coverage from January 2020 to June 2022 on COVID-19 and its impacts on the health workforce from the World Health Organization (WHO) Epidemic Intelligence from Open Sources (EIOS) by synergizing NLP models, including classification and extractive summarization, and human-generated analyses. Our DeepCovid system was trained on 2.8 million news articles in English from more than 3000 internet sources across hundreds of jurisdictions.<br><br>RESULTS: Rules-based classification with hand-designed rules narrowed the data set to 8508 articles with high relevancy confirmed in the human-led evaluation. DeepCovid's automated information targeting component reached a very strong binary classification performance of 98.98 for the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC-AUC) and 47.21 for the area under the precision recall curve (PR-AUC). Its information extraction component attained good performance in automatic extractive summarization with a mean Recall-Oriented Understudy for Gisting Evaluation (ROUGE) score of 47.76. DeepCovid's final summaries were used by human experts to write reports on the COVID-19 pandemic.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: It is feasible to synergize high-performing NLP models and human-generated analyses to benefit open-source health workforce intelligence. The DeepCovid approach can contribute to an agile and timely global view, providing complementary information to scientific literature.},
}
@article {pmid39475527,
year = {2024},
author = {Sun, Y and Hu, Q and Zuo, J and Wang, H and Guo, Z and Wang, Y and Tang, H},
title = {Simultaneous Quantification of Carboxylate Enantiomers in Multiple Human Matrices with the Hydrazide-Assisted Ultrahigh-Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Tandem Mass Spectrometry.},
journal = {Analytical chemistry},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1021/acs.analchem.4c04187},
pmid = {39475527},
issn = {1520-6882},
abstract = {Many chiral carboxylic acids with α-amino, α-hydroxyl, and α-methyl groups are concurrently present in mammals establishing unique molecular phenotypes and multiple biological functions, especially host-microbiota symbiotic interactions. Their chirality-resolved simultaneous quantification is essential to reveal the biochemical details of physiology and pathophysiology, though challenging with their low abundances in some biological matrices and difficulty in enantiomer resolution. Here, we developed a method of the chirality-resolved metabolomics with sensitivity-enhanced quantitation via probe-promotion (Met-SeqPro) for analyzing these chiral carboxylic acids. We designed and synthesized a hydrazide-based novel chiral probe, (S)-benzoyl-proline-hydrazide (SBPH), to convert carboxylic acids into amide diastereomers to enhance their retention and chiral resolution on common C18 columns. Using the d5-SBPH-labeled enantiomers as internal standards, we then developed an optimized ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) method for simultaneous quantification of 60 enantiomers of 30 chiral carboxylic acids in one run. This enantiomer-resolved method showed excellent sensitivity (LOD < 4 fmol-on-column), linearity (R[2] > 0.992), precision (CV < 15%), accuracy (|RE| < 20%), and recovery (80-120%) in multiple biological matrices. With the method, we then quantified 60 chiral carboxylic acids in human urine, plasma, feces, and A549 cells to define their metabolomic phenotypes. This provides basic data for human phenomics and a promising tool for investigating the mammal-microbiome symbiotic interactions.},
}
@article {pmid39475309,
year = {2024},
author = {Poquita-Du, RC and Otte, J and Calchera, A and Schmitt, I},
title = {Genome-Wide Comparisons Reveal Extensive Divergence Within the Lichen Photobiont Genus, Trebouxia.},
journal = {Genome biology and evolution},
volume = {16},
number = {10},
pages = {},
pmid = {39475309},
issn = {1759-6653},
support = {//Translational Biodiversity Genomics/ ; //Hessen State Ministry of Higher Education, Research and the Arts/ ; },
mesh = {*Lichens/microbiology/genetics ; *Phylogeny ; *Symbiosis/genetics ; Chlorophyceae/genetics ; Evolution, Molecular ; },
abstract = {The green algal genus Trebouxia is the most frequently encountered photobiont of the lichen symbiosis. The single-celled symbionts have a worldwide distribution, including all continents and climate zones. The vast, largely undescribed, diversity of Trebouxia lineages is currently grouped into four phylogenetic clades (A, C, I, and S), based on a multilocus phylogeny. Genomes are still scarce, however, and it is unclear how the phylogenetic diversity, the broad ecological tolerances, and the ability to form symbioses with many different fungal host species are reflected in genome-wide differences. Here, we generated PacBio-based de novo genomes of six Trebouxia lineages belonging to the Clades A and S, isolated from lichen individuals of the genus Umbilicaria. Sequences belonging to Clade S have been reported in a previous study, but were reassembled and reanalyzed here. Genome sizes ranged between 63.08 and 73.88 Mb. Repeat content accounted for 9% to 16% of the genome sequences. Based on RNA evidence, we predicted 14,109 to 16,701 gene models per genome, of which 5,203 belonged to a core set of gene families shared by all 6 lineages. Between 121 and 454, gene families are specific to each lineage. About 53% of the genes could be functionally annotated. The presence of biosynthetic gene clusters (6 to 17 per genome) suggests that Trebouxia algae are able to synthesize alkaloids, saccharides, terpenes, NRPSs, and T3PKSs. Phylogenomic comparisons of the six strains indicate prevalent gene gain during Trebouxia evolution. Some of the gene families that exhibited significant evolutionary changes (i.e. gene expansion and contraction) are associated with metabolic processes linked to protein phosphorylation, which is known to have a role in photosynthesis regulation, particularly under changing light conditions. Overall, there is substantial genomic divergence within the algal genus Trebouxia, which may contribute to the genus' large ecological amplitude concerning fungal host diversity and climatic niches.},
}
@article {pmid39474215,
year = {2024},
author = {Chandana, BS and Mahto, RK and Singh, RK and Bhandari, A and Tandon, G and Singh, KK and Kushwah, S and Lavanya, GR and Iquebal, MA and Jain, N and Kudapa, H and Upadhyaya, HD and Hamwieh, A and Kumar, R},
title = {Genome-wide association mapping identifies novel SNPs for root nodulation and agronomic traits in chickpea.},
journal = {Frontiers in plant science},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1395938},
pmid = {39474215},
issn = {1664-462X},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: The chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is well-known for having climate resilience and atmospheric nitrogen fixation ability. Global demand for nitrogenous fertilizer is predicted to increase by 1.4% annually, and the loss of billions of dollars in farm profit has drawn attention to the need for alternative sources of nitrogen. The ability of chickpea to obtain sufficient nitrogen via its symbiotic relationship with Mesorhizobium ciceri is of critical importance in determining the growth and production of chickpea.<br><br>METHODS: To support findings on nodule formation in chickpea and to map the genomic regions for nodulation, an association panel consisting of 271 genotypes, selected from the global chickpea germplasm including four checks at four locations, was evaluated, and data were recorded for nodulation and 12 yield-related traits. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) was conducted using phenotypic data and genotypic data was extracted from whole-genome resequencing data of chickpea by creating a hap map file consisting of 602,344 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the working set with best-fit models of association mapping.<br><br>RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: The GWAS panel was found to be structured with sufficient diversity among the genotypes. Linkage disequilibrium (LD) analysis showed an LD decay value of 37.3 MB, indicating that SNPs within this distance behave as inheritance blocks. A total of 450 and 632 stringent marker-trait associations (MTAs) were identified from the BLINK and FarmCPU models, respectively, for all the traits under study. The 75 novel MTAs identified for nodulation traits were found to be stable. SNP annotations of associated markers were found to be related to various genes including a few auxins encoding as well as nod factor transporter genes. The identified significant MTAs, candidate genes, and associated markers have the potential for use in marker-assisted selection for developing high-nodulation cultivars after validation in the breeding populations.},
}
@article {pmid39473909,
year = {2024},
author = {Zhao, M and Yang, C and Zhu, L and Guo, X and Ma, H and Luo, Y and Wang, Q and Chen, J},
title = {Multiomics Analysis Reveals Significant Disparities in the Oral Microbiota and Metabolites Between Pregnant Women with and without Periodontitis.},
journal = {Infection and drug resistance},
volume = {17},
number = {},
pages = {4665-4683},
pmid = {39473909},
issn = {1178-6973},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Our study investigated the disparities and correlations between oral microbiota and metabolites in pregnant patients with and without periodontitis.<br><br>METHODS: Subgingival plaque samples from all subjects were collected for shotgun metagenomic sequencing and broad-target metabolomics analysis.<br><br>RESULTS: Forty pathogens, including Porphyromonas gingivalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Eubacterium saphenum, Gemella morbillorum, Tannerella forsythia, Streptococcus anginosus group, Selenomonas sputigena etc, were significantly enriched in pregnant patients with periodontitis (PPP). Conversely, symbiotic species such as Morococcus cerebrosus, Streptococcus vestibularis, S. salivarius, S. mitis, and S. pneumoniae were significantly more abundant in healthy controls (HCs). A total of 87 predicted functional modules (PFMs) exhibited significant differences between the two groups; eight PFMs showed high enrichment in PPP with involvement of PPP-enriched species within these pathways. The remaining 79 PFMs encompassing ribonucleotide biosynthesis, carbohydrate, and amino acid metabolism were highly abundant in HCs. For oral microbial metabolome, a total of 105 metabolites related to 150 KEGG pathways displayed significant differences between the two groups. Pathways such as pyruvate metabolism, folate biosynthesis, vascular smooth muscle contraction, and AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway along with their associated metabolites were found to be enriched in PPP, while carbohydrate metabolism predominated among HCs. Spearman's rank correlation analysis revealed significant positive associations between species enriched in PPP and metabolites enriched in PPP, but significant negative associations between species enriched in PPP and metabolites enriched in HCs.<br><br>DISCUSSION: Our findings provide potential biomarkers for distinguishing periodontitis during pregnancy while offering valuable insights into mechanisms exploration and clinical intervention.},
}
@article {pmid39473847,
year = {2024},
author = {Ouhaddou, R and Ech-Chatir, L and Ikan, C and Soussani, FE and Errouh, F and Boutasknit, A and Rodrigez, JC and Er-Raki, S and Duponnois, R and Meddich, A},
title = {Investigation of the impact of dual inoculations of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria on drought tolerance of maize grown in a compost-amended field under Mediterranean conditions.},
journal = {Frontiers in microbiology},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1432637},
pmid = {39473847},
issn = {1664-302X},
abstract = {In the current context of rapid climate change, water scarcity and soil poverty are becoming increasingly alarming, leading to growing losses of 30-50% of global agricultural production. It is imperative to find environmentally-friendly approaches for improving plant tolerance to drastic conditions, particularly in arid and semi-arid Mediterranean regions. Biostimulants based on symbiotic microbes are emerging as effective strategies for improving tolerance and agricultural productivity. This study aims to evaluate the effects of single and double inoculation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (My) and plant growth-promoting bacteria (Ba) on the growth, physiological and biochemical traits of maize crop grown in compost (Co) amended soil under two irrigation regimes: well-watered (WW: 100% of crop evapotranspiration [ETc]) and drought-stressed (DS: 50% ETc) using drip irrigation system. Reducing irrigation to 50% reduced shoot dry weight (SDW), root dry weight (RDW), 1,000-grains weight (TGW) and grain yield (Y). However, Ba alone increased SDW by 63%, while CoMyBa improved RDW, TGW and Y by 197, 43 and 175%, respectively compared with the control under DS conditions. Dual inoculation boosted root colonization intensity, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), total chlorophyll and leaf area of maize seedlings in compost-amended soil, compared to the controls. The application of Ba significantly reduced hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde by 46%, in maize seedlings grown in compost-amended soil, compared to the controls under DS. Our results indicated that My and Ba significantly boost the ability of maize to tolerate drought by improving water supply and physiology and stimulating the accumulation of organic and inorganic osmolytes, as well as improving the properties of soils such as cation exchange capacity particularly amended by Co. The dual inoculations were the most effective and represent an environmentally-friendly and relatively inexpensive approach to optimizing agricultural production and soil restoration programs in Mediterranean regions.},
}
@article {pmid39473301,
year = {2024},
author = {Su, T and Wu, Y and Fang, C and Liu, B and Lu, S and Kong, F and Liu, H},
title = {The Critical Roles of Phosphatidylethanolamine-Binding Proteins in Legumes.},
journal = {Plant, cell &amp; environment},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/pce.15255},
pmid = {39473301},
issn = {1365-3040},
support = {//This work was funded by Major Program of Guangdong Basic and Applied Research (Grant no. 2019B030302006 to F.K. and B.L.); the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant no. 32301825 to T.S. and 32301823 to H.L.)./ ; },
abstract = {Legumes, characterized by their ability to form symbiotic relationships with nitrogen-fixing bacteria, play crucial roles in agriculture, ecology and human nutrition. Phosphatidylethanolamine-binding proteins (PEBPs) are the key genetic players that contribute to the diverse biological functions of legumes. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of important roles of PEBP genes in legumes, including flowering, inflorescence architecture, seed development and nodulation. We also delve into PEBP regulatory mechanisms and effects on plant growth, development, and adaptation to the environment. Furthermore, we highlight their potential biotechnological applications for crop improvement and promoting sustainable agriculture. This review emphasizes the multifaceted roles of PEBP genes, shedding light on their significance in legume biology and their potential for sustainable productive farming.},
}
@article {pmid39472728,
year = {2024},
author = {Martinez-Boggio, G and Monteiro, HF and Lima, FS and Figueiredo, CC and Bisinotto, RS and Santos, JEP and Mion, B and Schenkel, FS and Ribeiro, ES and Weigel, KA and Rosa, GJM and Peñagaricano, F},
title = {Revealing host genome-microbiome networks underlying feed efficiency in dairy cows.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {14},
number = {1},
pages = {26060},
pmid = {39472728},
issn = {2045-2322},
mesh = {Cattle ; Animals ; Female ; *Rumen/microbiology ; Animal Feed ; Lactation ; Genome ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome/genetics ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics ; Microbiota/genetics ; Phenotype ; Gene Regulatory Networks ; Genotype ; Dairying ; },
abstract = {Ruminants have the ability to digest human-inedible plant materials, due to the symbiotic relationship with the rumen microbiota. Rumen microbes supply short chain fatty acids, amino acids, and vitamins to dairy cows that are used for maintenance, growth, and lactation functions. The main goal of this study was to investigate gene-microbiome networks underlying feed efficiency traits by integrating genotypic, microbial, and phenotypic data from lactating dairy cows. Data consisted of dry matter intake (DMI), net energy secreted in milk, and residual feed intake (RFI) records, SNP genotype, and 16S rRNA rumen microbial abundances from 448 mid-lactation Holstein cows. We first assessed marginal associations between genotypes and phenotypic and microbial traits through genomic scans, and then, in regions with multiple significant hits, we assessed gene-microbiome-phenotype networks using causal structural learning algorithms. We found significant regions co-localizing the rumen microbiome and feed efficiency traits. Interestingly, we found three types of network relationships: (1) the cow genome directly affects both rumen microbial abundances and feed efficiency traits; (2) the cow genome (Chr3: 116.5 Mb) indirectly affects RFI, mediated by the abundance of Syntrophococcus, Prevotella, and an unknown genus of Class Bacilli; and (3) the cow genome (Chr7: 52.8 Mb and Chr11: 6.1-6.2 Mb) affects the abundance of Rikenellaceae RC9 gut group mediated by DMI. Our findings shed light on how the host genome acts directly and indirectly on the rumen microbiome and feed efficiency traits and the potential benefits of the inclusion of specific microbes in selection indexes or as correlated traits in breeding programs. Overall, the multistep approach described here, combining whole-genome scans and causal network reconstruction, allows us to reveal the relationship between genome and microbiome underlying dairy cow feed efficiency.},
}
@article {pmid39471960,
year = {2024},
author = {Zhu, G and Nong, H and Fang, S and Qin, S and Zhang, Y},
title = {Arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis reshapes the drought adaptation strategies of a dominant sand-fixation shrub species in northern China.},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {177135},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.177135},
pmid = {39471960},
issn = {1879-1026},
abstract = {Drylands are home to over 38 % of the world's population and are among the areas most sensitive to climate change and human activity. Most xerophytes rely on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) for improved drought tolerance. Although research has focused on crops and economically significant plants, the response of sand-fixation shrubs to AMF under drought conditions remains underexplored. This study aims to investigate how AMF affects the drought adaptation strategies of the sand-fixation shrub Artemisia ordosica. A culture system for A. ordosica and the main symbiotic partner Funneliformis mosseae was established, and phenotypic, metabolomic, and transcriptomic analyses were conducted to assess physiological changes induced by arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis (AMS) under varying drought stress conditions. AMS influenced A. ordosica's metabolic pathways and its drought adaptation strategies, promoted the redistribution of sugars and flavonoids, and shaped different metabolic patterns of seedlings and adult A. ordosica. AMS had an important shaping ability in the accumulation of proline at A. ordosica seedlings, but had a significant influence on the accumulation of sugars of A. ordosica at the adult growth stage. AMS enhanced the ability of the host to adapt to extreme drought by modulating metabolites at the adult growth stage of A. ordosica. AMS also facilitated an accumulation of key metabolites under well-watered conditions but also intensified interactions with pathogens, leading to a trade-off between drought adaptation and immune capacity under extreme drought of A. ordosica during the adult growth stage. This study uses metabolome and transcriptome methods to explore AMS effects on A. ordosica's drought adaptation strategies, revealing a significant trade-off between drought adaptation and immune capacity. The findings highlight AMS's role in modifying the drought adaptation strategies of A. ordosica in desert ecosystems, and enhance our understanding of key species for sand fixation and ecological restoration, and maintain ecological security.},
}
@article {pmid39471530,
year = {2024},
author = {Qi, H and Lv, J and Liao, J and Jin, J and Ren, Y and Tao, Y and Wang, D and Alvarez, PJJ and Yu, P},
title = {Metagenomic insights into microalgae-bacterium-virus interactions and viral functions in phycosphere facing environmental fluctuations.},
journal = {Water research},
volume = {268},
number = {Pt A},
pages = {122676},
doi = {10.1016/j.watres.2024.122676},
pmid = {39471530},
issn = {1879-2448},
abstract = {Despite the ecological and biotechnological significance of microalgae-bacterium symbionts, the response of host-virus interactions to external environmental fluctuations and the role of viruses in phycosphere remain largely unexplored. Herein, we employed algal-bacterial granular sludge (ABGS) with varying light intensity and organic carbon loading to investigate the mechanisms of microalgae-bacterium-virus symbionts in response to environmental fluctuations. Metagenomics revealed that enhanced light intensity decreased the diversity of microalgae, so did the diversity of symbiotic bacteria and viruses. As carbon sources decreased, bacteria prompted horizontal gene transfer in phycosphere by 12.76 %-157.40 %, increased the proportion of oligotrophs as keystone species (0.00 % vs 14.29 %) as well as viruses using oligotrophs as hosts (18.52 % vs 25.00 %). Furthermore, virus-carried auxiliary metabolic genes (AMGs) and biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) encoding vitamin B12 synthesis (e.g., cobS), antioxidation (e.g., queC), and microbial aggregation (e.g., cysE). Additionally, phylogenetic and similarity analysis further revealed the evolutionary origin and potential horizontal transfer of the AMGs and BGCs, which could potentially enhance the adaptability of bacteria and eukaryotic microalgae. Overall, our research demonstrates that environmental fluctuations have cascading effects on the microalgae-bacteria-virus interactions, and emphasizes the important role of viruses in maintaining the stability of the phycosphere symbiotic community.},
}
@article {pmid39470782,
year = {2024},
author = {Biswa Sarma, J and Mahanta, S and Tanti, B},
title = {Maximizing microbial activity and synergistic interaction to boost biofuel production from lignocellulosic biomass.},
journal = {Archives of microbiology},
volume = {206},
number = {11},
pages = {448},
pmid = {39470782},
issn = {1432-072X},
mesh = {*Lignin/metabolism ; *Biofuels ; *Biomass ; Bacteria/metabolism ; Fermentation ; Hydrolysis ; Coculture Techniques ; },
abstract = {Addressing global environmental challenges and meeting the escalating energy demands stand as two pivotal issues in the current landscape. Lignocellulosic biomass emerges as a promising renewable bio-energy source capable of fulfilling the world's energy requirements on a large scale. One of the most important steps in lowering reliance on fossil fuel and lessening environmental effect is turning lignocellulosic biomass into biofuel. As carbon-neutral substitutes for traditional fuel, biofuel offer a solution to environmental concerns compared to conventional fuel. Effective utilization of lignocellulosic biomass is imperative for sustainable development. Ongoing research focuses on exploring the potential of various microorganisms and their co-interactions to synthesize diverse biofuels from different starting materials, including lignocellulosic biomass. Co-culture techniques demonstrate resilience to nutrient scarcity and environmental fluctuations. By utilising a variety of carbon sources, microbes can enhance their adaptability to environmental stressors and potentially increase productivity through their symbiotic interactions. Furthermore, compared to single organism involvement, co-interactions allow faster execution of multistep processes. Lignocellulosic biomass serves as a primary substrate for pre-treatment, fermentation, and enzymatic hydrolysis processes. This review primarily delves into the pretreatment, enzymatic hydrolysis process and the biochemical pathways involved in converting lignocellulosic biomass into bioenergy.},
}
@article {pmid39470237,
year = {2024},
author = {Podar, M and Hochanadel, LH and Alexander, WG and Schadt, CW and Pelletier, DA},
title = {Complete genome sequence of Promicromonospora sp. strain Populi, an actinobacterium isolated from Populus trichocarpa rhizosphere.},
journal = {Microbiology resource announcements},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e0085124},
doi = {10.1128/mra.00851-24},
pmid = {39470237},
issn = {2576-098X},
abstract = {Promicromonospora sp. strain Populi is an actinobacterium isolated from the rhizosphere of a black cottonwood tree, Populus trichocarpa. We completely sequenced its 5.2-Mbp chromosome using Oxford Nanopore long reads and predicted it to encode 4,685 proteins, 3 rRNA operons, and 54 tRNAs and noncoding RNAs.},
}
@article {pmid39469464,
year = {2024},
author = {Wang, J and Chong, H and Li, D and Cui, S and Song, Y and He, J and Bo, T and Zhang, D and Xiao, H},
title = {Comparison of distinct gut bacterial communities in different stage of prediapause and nondiapause larvae in Loxostege sticticalis.},
journal = {Frontiers in microbiology},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1469140},
pmid = {39469464},
issn = {1664-302X},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Symbiotic microorganisms in insects regulate multiple physiological functions, widely participating in nutrient metabolism, immune regulation, and crucial regulatory roles in development. However, little is known about how microbial factors might respond to the preparation of insect diapause.<br><br>METHODS: The gut bacterial communities of Loxostege sticticalis larvae induced at different photoperiod of long (LD16:8, nondiapause) and short (LD12:12, prediapause) daylength were compared, by 16S rRNA Illumina MiSeq.<br><br>RESULTS: A total number of 42 phylum, 78 classes, 191 orders, 286 families, 495 genera, and 424 species were identified in the intestinal bacterial community of L. sticticalis larvae. Alpha diversity and beta diversity analyses revealed significant differences between nondiapause and prediapause larvae. In non-diapause larvae, the dominant intestinal bacteria were Firmicutes and Proteobacteria. In specific, in 3rd and 4th instar larvae, the main intestinal bacteria were Staphylococcus, while in 5th instar, it was JC017. For the prediapause larvae, the dominant phylum in 3rd instar larvae was Firmicutes, with the dominant genus of Staphylococcus, while in 4th and 5th instar larvae was Bacteroidota, with the dominant genus 4th instar was Staphylococcus, and in 5th instar was JC017. KEGG functional prediction analysis revealed that functional bacterial groups involved in metabolism had the highest abundance values. Specifically, the amino acid metabolism of metabolism-related functional genes in the 3rd instar prediapause larvae was significantly lower than that in the 4th and 5th instar prediapause larvae and the non-diapause treatment. However, the carbohydrate metabolism in 3rd instar prediapause larvae was significantly higher than that in 4th and 5th instar prediapause larvae and non-diapause treatments. The dominant bacterial phylum in the prediapause larvae at different stages of L. sticticalis was varied, and there were significant differences in community diversity and richness.<br><br>DISCUSSION: These results suggest a complex interaction between the hosts' physiological state and its gut microbiota, indicating that bacterial communities may assist insects in adapting to diapause preparation by regulating their metabolic levels. This study lays the foundation for further understanding the physiological mechanisms by which intestinal microorganisms regulate overwintering dormancy in the L. sticticalis.},
}
@article {pmid39468788,
year = {2024},
author = {Chen, J and Zhao, Q and Xie, K and Wang, M and Li, L and Zeng, D and Wang, Q and Wang, S and Chen, A and Xu, G},
title = {A Mycorrhiza-Induced UDP-Glucosyl Transferase Negatively Regulates the Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbiosis.},
journal = {Plant, cell &amp; environment},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/pce.15241},
pmid = {39468788},
issn = {1365-3040},
support = {//This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2021YFF1000400), National Natural Science Foundation of China (32172670 and 32102485), and Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (YDZX2024019 and XUEKEN2023030)./ ; },
abstract = {Most terrestrial plants can establish a reciprocal symbiosis with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi to cope with adverse environmental stresses. The development of AM symbiosis is energetically costly and needs to be dynamically controlled by plants to maintain the association at mutual beneficial levels. Multiple components involved in the autoregulation of mycorrhiza (AOM) have been recently identified from several plant species; however, the mechanisms underlying the feedback regulation of AM symbiosis remain largely unknown. Here, we report that AM colonization promotes the flavonol biosynthesis pathway in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), and an AM-specific UDP-glucosyltransferase SlUGT132, which probably has the flavonol glycosylation activity, negatively regulates AM development. SlUGT132 was predominantly expressed in the arbuscule-containing cells, and its knockout or knockdown mutants showed increased soluble sugar content, root colonization level and arbuscule formation. Conversely, overexpression of SlUGT132 resulted in declined soluble sugar content and mycorrhization degree. Metabolomic assay revealed decreased contents of astragalin, tiliroside and cynaroside in slugt132 mycorrhizal roots, but increased accumulation of these flavonoid glycosides in SlUGT132-overexpressing plant roots. Our results highlight the presence of a novel, SlUGT132-mediated AOM mechanism, which enable plants to flexibly control the accumulation of soluble sugars and flavonoid glycosides in mycorrhizal roots and modulate colonization levels.},
}
@article {pmid39468013,
year = {2024},
author = {Saito, Y and Xiao, Y and Yao, J and Li, Y and Liu, W and Yuzhalin, AE and Shyu, YM and Li, H and Yuan, X and Li, P and Zhang, Q and Li, Z and Wei, Y and Yin, X and Zhao, J and Kariminia, SM and Wu, YC and Wang, J and Yang, J and Xia, W and Sun, Y and Jho, EH and Chiao, PJ and Hwang, RF and Ying, H and Wang, H and Zhao, Z and Maitra, A and Hung, MC and DePinho, RA and Yu, D},
title = {Targeting a chemo-induced adaptive signaling circuit confers therapeutic vulnerabilities in pancreatic cancer.},
journal = {Cell discovery},
volume = {10},
number = {1},
pages = {109},
pmid = {39468013},
issn = {2056-5968},
support = {P30CA016672//U.S. Department of Health &amp; Human Services | NIH | National Cancer Institute (NCI)/ ; R01CA208213//U.S. Department of Health &amp; Human Services | NIH | National Cancer Institute (NCI)/ ; R01CA231149//U.S. Department of Health &amp; Human Services | NIH | National Cancer Institute (NCI)/ ; R01CA266099//U.S. Department of Health &amp; Human Services | NIH | National Cancer Institute (NCI)/ ; R01CA270010//U.S. Department of Health &amp; Human Services | NIH | National Cancer Institute (NCI)/ ; R21CA223102//U.S. Department of Health &amp; Human Services | NIH | National Cancer Institute (NCI)/ ; BC210408//U.S. Department of Defense (United States Department of Defense)/ ; BC231014//U.S. Department of Defense (United States Department of Defense)/ ; RP240214//Cancer Prevention and Research Institute of Texas (Cancer Prevention Research Institute of Texas)/ ; },
abstract = {Advanced pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDACs) respond poorly to all therapies, including the first-line treatment, chemotherapy, the latest immunotherapies, and KRAS-targeting therapies. Despite an enormous effort to improve therapeutic efficacy in late-stage PDAC patients, effective treatment modalities remain an unmet medical challenge. To change the status quo, we explored the key signaling networks underlying the universally poor response of PDAC to therapy. Here, we report a previously unknown chemo-induced symbiotic signaling circuit that adaptively confers chemoresistance in patients and mice with advanced PDAC. By integrating single-cell transcriptomic data from PDAC mouse models and clinical pathological information from PDAC patients, we identified Yap1 in cancer cells and Cox2 in stromal fibroblasts as two key nodes in this signaling circuit. Co-targeting Yap1 in cancer cells and Cox2 in stroma sensitized PDAC to Gemcitabine treatment and dramatically prolonged survival of mice bearing late-stage PDAC, whereas simultaneously inhibiting Yap1 and Cox2 only in cancer cells was ineffective. Mechanistically, chemotherapy triggers non-canonical Yap1 activation by nemo-like kinase in 14-3-3ζ-overexpressing PDAC cells and increases secretion of CXCL2/5, which bind to CXCR2 on fibroblasts to induce Cox2 and PGE2 expression, which reciprocally facilitate PDAC cell survival. Finally, analyses of PDAC patient data revealed that patients who received Statins, which inhibit Yap1 signaling, and Cox2 inhibitors (including Aspirin) while receiving Gemcitabine displayed markedly prolonged survival compared to others. The robust anti-tumor efficacy of Statins and Aspirin, which co-target the chemo-induced adaptive circuit in the tumor cells and stroma, signifies a unique therapeutic strategy for PDAC.},
}
@article {pmid39466691,
year = {2024},
author = {Teh, LS and Shalom, SR and James, I and Dolgova, A and Chiel, E and Dale, C},
title = {Sodalis praecaptivus subsp. spalangiae subsp. nov., a nascent bacterial endosymbiont isolated from the parasitoid wasp, Spalangia cameroni.},
journal = {International journal of systematic and evolutionary microbiology},
volume = {74},
number = {10},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1099/ijsem.0.006552},
pmid = {39466691},
issn = {1466-5034},
mesh = {Animals ; *Wasps/microbiology ; *Symbiosis ; *Phylogeny ; *RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics ; *DNA, Bacterial/genetics ; *Sequence Analysis, DNA ; *Bacterial Typing Techniques ; Israel ; Houseflies/microbiology ; Fatty Acids/analysis ; Base Composition ; Genome, Bacterial ; },
abstract = {An endosymbiotic bacterium of the genus Sodalis, designated as strain HZ[T], was cultured from the parasitoid wasp Spalangia cameroni, which develops on the pupae of various host flies. The bacterium was detected in S. cameroni developed on houseflies, Musca domestica, in a poultry facility in Hazon, northern Israel. After culturing, this bacterium displayed no surface motility on Luria-Bertani agar and was rod-shaped and irregular in size, ~10-30 nm in diameter and 5-20 µm in length. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that strain HZ[T] is closely related to Sodalis praecaptivus strain HS[T], a free-living species of the genus Sodalis that includes many insect endosymbionts. Although these bacteria maintain >98% sequence identity in shared genes, genomic characterization revealed that strain HZ[T] has undergone substantial reductive evolution, such that it lacks many gene functions that are maintained in S. praecaptivus strain HS[T]. Based on the results of phylogenetic, genomic and chemotaxonomic analyses, we propose that this endosymbiont should be classified in a new subspecies as S. praecaptivus subsp. spalangiae subsp. nov. The type strain for this new subspecies is HZ[T] (=ATCC TSD-398[T]=NCIMB 15482[T]). The subspecies Sodalis praecaptivus subsp. praecaptivus strain HS[T] is created automatically with the type strain ATCC BAA-2554[T] (=DSMZ 27494[T]).},
}
@article {pmid39465713,
year = {2024},
author = {Dergaa, I and Ben Saad, H and Glenn, JM and Ben Aissa, M and Taheri, M and Swed, S and Guelmami, N and Chamari, K},
title = {A thorough examination of ChatGPT-3.5 potential applications in medical writing: A preliminary study.},
journal = {Medicine},
volume = {103},
number = {40},
pages = {e39757},
pmid = {39465713},
issn = {1536-5964},
mesh = {Humans ; *Medical Writing/standards ; *Artificial Intelligence ; Plagiarism ; },
abstract = {Effective communication of scientific knowledge plays a crucial role in the advancement of medical research and health care. Technological advancements have introduced large language models such as Chat Generative Pre-Trained Transformer (ChatGPT), powered by artificial intelligence (AI), which has already shown promise in revolutionizing medical writing. This study aimed to conduct a detailed evaluation of ChatGPT-3.5's role in enhancing various aspects of medical writing. From May 10 to 12, 2023, the authors engaged in a series of interactions with ChatGPT-3.5 to evaluate its effectiveness in various tasks, particularly its application to medical writing, including vocabulary enhancement, text rewriting for plagiarism prevention, hypothesis generation, keyword generation, title generation, article summarization, simplification of medical jargon, transforming text from informal to scientific and data interpretation. The exploration of ChatGPT's functionalities in medical writing revealed its potential in enhancing various aspects of the writing process, demonstrating its efficiency in improving vocabulary usage, suggesting alternative phrasing, and providing grammar enhancements. While the results indicate the effectiveness of ChatGPT (version 3.5), the presence of certain imperfections highlights the current indispensability of human intervention to refine and validate outputs, ensuring accuracy and relevance in medical settings. The integration of AI into medical writing shows significant potential for improving clarity, efficiency, and reliability. This evaluation highlights both the benefits and limitations of using ChatGPT-3.5, emphasizing its ability to enhance vocabulary, prevent plagiarism, generate hypotheses, suggest keywords, summarize articles, simplify medical jargon, and transform informal text into an academic format. However, AI tools should not replace human expertise. It is crucial for medical professionals to ensure thorough human review and validation to maintain the accuracy and relevance of the content in case they eventually use AI as a supplementary resource in medical writing. Accepting this mutually symbiotic partnership holds the promise of improving medical research and patient outcomes, and it sets the stage for the fusion of AI and human knowledge to produce a novel approach to medical assessment. Thus, while AI can streamline certain tasks, experienced medical writers and researchers must perform final reviews to uphold high standards in medical communications.},
}
@article {pmid39465380,
year = {2024},
author = {Kong, X and Wang, W and Chen, S and Song, M and Zhi, Y and Cai, Y and Zhang, H and Shen, X},
title = {Comparative study of lysine acetylation in Vesicomyidae clam Archivesica marissinica and the manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum: adaptation mechanisms in cold seep environments.},
journal = {BMC genomics},
volume = {25},
number = {1},
pages = {1006},
pmid = {39465380},
issn = {1471-2164},
support = {BK20210927//Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province/ ; XDA22050303//Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)/ ; 42376139//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; CX(22)2032//Jiangsu Agriculture Science and Technology Innovation Fund (JASTIF)/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; Acetylation ; *Bivalvia/metabolism/genetics ; *Lysine/metabolism ; Adaptation, Physiological ; Cold Temperature ; Gene Ontology ; Proteome/metabolism ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The deep-sea cold seep zone is characterized by high pressure, low temperature, darkness, and oligotrophy. Vesicomyidae clams are the dominant species within this environment, often forming symbiotic relationships with chemosynthetic microbes. Understanding the mechanisms by which Vesicomyidae clams adapt to the cold seep environment is significant. Acetylation modification of lysine is known to play a crucial role in various metabolic processes. Consequently, investigating the role of lysine acetylation in the adaptation of Vesicomyidae clams to deep-sea environments is worthwhile. So, a comparative study of lysine acetylation in cold seep clam Archivesica marissinica and shallow water shellfish Ruditapes philippinarum was conducted.<br><br>RESULTS: A total of 539 acetylated proteins were identified with 1634 acetylation sites. Conservative motif enrichment analysis revealed that the motifs -KacR-, -KacT-, and -KacF- were the most conserved. Subsequent gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses were conducted on significantly differentially expressed acetylated proteins. The GO enrichment analysis indicated that acetylated proteins are crucial in various biological processes, including cellular response to stimulation, and other cellular processes (p&#x2009;<&#x2009;0.05 and false discovery rate (FDR)&#x2009;<&#x2009;0.25). The results of KEGG enrichment analysis indicated that acetylated proteins are involved in various cellular processes, including tight junction, motor proteins, gap junction, phagosome, cGMP-PKG signaling pathways, endocytosis, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, among others (p&#x2009;<&#x2009;0.05 and FDR&#x2009;<&#x2009;0.25). Notably, a high abundance of lysine acetylation was observed in the glycolysis/glycogenesis pathways, and the acetylation of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase might facilitate ATP production. Subsequent investigation into acetylation modifications associated with deep-sea adaptation revealed the specific identification of key acetylated proteins. Among these, the adaptation of cold seep clam hemoglobin and heat shock protein to high hydrostatic pressure and low temperature might involve an increase in acetylation levels. Acetylation of arginine kinase might be related to ATP production and interaction with symbiotic bacteria. Myosin heavy chain (Ama01085) has the most acetylation sites and might improve the actomyosin system stability through acetylation. Further validation is required for the acetylation modification from Vesicomyidae clams.<br><br>CONCLUSION: A novel comparative analysis was undertaken to investigate the acetylation of lysine in Vesicomyidae clams, yielding novel insights into the regulatory role of lysine acetylation in deep-sea organisms. The findings present many potential proteins for further exploration of acetylation functions in cold seep clams and other deep-sea mollusks.},
}
@article {pmid39465153,
year = {2024},
author = {Yánez Galarza, JK and Riascos-Flores, L and Naranjo-Briceño, L and Carrera-Gonzalez, A and Ortega-Andrade, HM},
title = {Molecular detection of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Chytridiomycota) and culturable skin bacteria associated with three critically endangered species of Atelopus (Anura: Bufonidae) in Ecuador.},
journal = {PeerJ},
volume = {12},
number = {},
pages = {e18317},
pmid = {39465153},
issn = {2167-8359},
mesh = {Ecuador ; Animals ; *Skin/microbiology ; *Endangered Species ; *Batrachochytrium/genetics/isolation &amp; purification ; Bufonidae/microbiology ; Bacteria/isolation &amp; purification/genetics/classification ; },
abstract = {Chytridiomycosis is a fungal disease responsible for massive amphibian die-offs worldwide, caused by the fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd). Potential symbiotic relationships between frogs and the bacteria residing on their skin-referred to as skin-bacteria-may inhibit Bd growth, aiding in resistance to this lethal disease. This research had three main objectives: (1) to detect the presence of Bd in native populations of Atelopus balios, A. bomolochos, and A. nanay in the central Andes and coastal southern regions of Ecuador; (2) to identify the culturable skin-bacteria; and (3) to analyze differences among the bacterial communities in the three Atelopus species studied. Skin swabs were collected from two populations of A. balios (107-203 m a.s.l.) and one population each of A. bomolochos and A. nanay (3,064-3,800 m a.s.l.). These swabs served two purposes: first, to detect Bd using conventional PCR; and second, to isolate culturable bacteria, which were characterized through DNA sequencing, molecular phylogeny, and community composition similarity analysis (Jaccard index). Results showed that Bd was present in all species, with positive Bd PCR amplification found in 11 of the 12 sampled amphibians. The culturable skin-bacteria were classified into 10 genera: Pseudomonas (31.4%), Stenotrophomonas (14.3%), Acinetobacter (11.4%), Serratia (11.4%), Aeromonas (5.7%), Brucella (5.7%), Klebsiella (5.7%), Microbacterium (5.7%), Rhodococcus (5.7%), and Lelliottia (2.9%). The Jaccard index revealed that bacterial genera were least similar in A. bomolochos and A. balios (J = 0.10), while the highest similarity at the genus level was between A. bomolochos and A. nanay (J = 0.33). At the clade-species level, only A. bomolochos and A. nanay show common bacteria (J = 0.13). Culturable bacterial communities of specimens diagnosed as Bd positive (n = 10) or Bd negative (n = 1) share a J value of 0.1 at genus and 0.04 at species-clade level. The prevalence of Bd and the composition of cutaneous bacteria could be influenced by Bd reservoirs, Atelopus biology, and intrinsic environmental conditions. This research contributes to understanding the relationship between endangered Andean species and Bd, and explores the potential use of native skin-bacteria as biocontrol agents against Bd.},
}
@article {pmid39464395,
year = {2024},
author = {Tannock, GW},
title = {The human gut metacommunity as a conceptual aid in the development of precision medicine.},
journal = {Frontiers in microbiology},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1469543},
pmid = {39464395},
issn = {1664-302X},
abstract = {Human gut microbiomes (microbiotas) are highly individualistic in taxonomic composition but nevertheless are functionally similar. Thus, collectively, they comprise a "metacommunity." In ecological terminology, the assembly of human gut microbiomes is influenced by four processes: selection, speciation, drift, and dispersal. As a result of fortuitous events associated with these processes, individual microbiomes are taxonomically "tailor-made" for each host. However, functionally they are "off-the-shelf" because of similar functional outputs resulting from metabolic redundancy developed in host-microbe symbiosis. Because of this, future microbiological and molecular studies of microbiomes should emphasize the metabolic interplay that drives the human gut metacommunity and that results in these similar functional outputs. This knowledge will support the development of remedies for specific functional dysbioses and hence provide practical examples of precision medicine.},
}
@article {pmid39463510,
year = {2024},
author = {Mitra, S and Guru, RR and Jadhav, S and Saurayi, UU and Kumar, R},
title = {From Awareness to Action: Addressing Folic Acid Supplementation in Western India Among Women of Reproductive Age.},
journal = {Cureus},
volume = {16},
number = {9},
pages = {e70173},
pmid = {39463510},
issn = {2168-8184},
abstract = {Background Folate, a vitamin B9, can be sourced naturally in the diet or the form of supplements. Studies highlight the prevention of neural tube abnormalities in women of reproductive age. To prevent these, low daily doses of FA (400-800 μg) are recommended for all women planning pregnancy, with higher doses for those with previous NTD-affected pregnancies. Folic acid supplementation lowers the risk of NTDs, other birth defects, and obstetrical complications. Methods The study explored awareness of and knowledge of folic acid supplements among women of childbearing age in Pune City, western Maharashtra, India. The cross-sectional survey was carried out at Symbiosis University Hospital and Research Centre (SUHRC), involving 300 female participants aged 16-44 years. The study utilized a structured questionnaire to evaluate participants' knowledge of folic acid supplements, their benefits, and usage patterns. Results Use as well as awareness of folic acid supplements was strongly associated with educational attainment. The awareness was low or none in participants who never attended school, and highest among the university graduates. The study included 300 women aged 16-45. About 43% of the study participants were between the ages of 23 and 29 years old; 57.7% were single, and 59.3% among them were university graduates. 59.7% of the study participants knew about folic acid supplements, but only 20% took them regularly. Knowledge about ideal timing and benefits was limited among them. 38% correctly identified prepregnancy as the ideal time to start. Only 18% knew it prevents neural tube defects, and 27% knew it could be obtained naturally. Conclusion The study highlights a lack of detailed knowledge about folic acid supplements among the study participants. Recommendations to enhance the supplement's intake include public health campaigns, enhanced healthcare provider education, easy-to-read informational materials, and strengthening government supplement programs to improve awareness and food fortification. Further research on consumption barriers for the supplement needs to be carried out.},
}
@article {pmid39462775,
year = {2024},
author = {Villano, F and Balestrini, R and Nerva, L and Chitarra, W},
title = {Harnessing microbes as sun cream against high light stress.},
journal = {The New phytologist},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/nph.20206},
pmid = {39462775},
issn = {1469-8137},
support = {//European Commission/ ; //Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche/ ; 2022-2903//AGER foundation/ ; 2021.0072-51886//Fondazione Cassa di Risparmio di Verona Vicenza Belluno e Ancona/ ; },
abstract = {Plants rely on solar energy for growth through photosynthesis, yet excessive light intensity can induce physiological damage. Despite the considerable harm, inadequate attention has been directed toward understanding how plant-associated microorganisms mitigate this stress, and the impact of high light intensity on plant microbial communities remains underexplored. Through this Viewpoint, we aim to highlight the potential of microbial communities to enhance plant resilience and understand how light stress can shape plant microbiome. A full understanding of these dynamics is essential to design strategies that take advantage of microbial assistance to plants under light stress and to effectively manage the impact of changing light conditions on plant-microbe interactions.},
}
@article {pmid39462754,
year = {2024},
author = {Contreras, M and Sobrino, I and de la Fuente, J},
title = {Paratransgenic quantum vaccinology.},
journal = {Trends in parasitology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.pt.2024.10.006},
pmid = {39462754},
issn = {1471-5007},
abstract = {Tick vaccines are an environmentally friendly intervention for the prevention and control of tick-borne diseases affecting humans and animals worldwide. From our perspective, the challenges in tick vaccinology have encouraged the implementation of new interventions. In this opinion article we propose paratransgenic quantum vaccinology as a new approach that integrates platform trends in biotechnology, such as omics datasets combined with big data analytics, machine learning, and paratransgenesis with a systems biology perspective. This innovative approach allows the identification of protective epitopes in tick- and/or pathogen-derived proteins for the design of chimeric vaccine candidate antigens which can be produced by commensal/symbiotic microorganisms eliciting a protective response in the host.},
}
@article {pmid39462325,
year = {2024},
author = {Zong, D and Zhou, Y and Zhou, J and Zhao, Y and Hu, X and Wang, T},
title = {Soil microbial community composition by crop type under rotation diversification.},
journal = {BMC microbiology},
volume = {24},
number = {1},
pages = {435},
pmid = {39462325},
issn = {1471-2180},
support = {2023Y1050//Scientific Research Foundation of Education Department of Yunnan Province/ ; 32201280//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; },
mesh = {*Soil Microbiology ; *Crops, Agricultural/microbiology/growth &amp; development ; *Bacteria/classification/genetics/isolation &amp; purification/metabolism ; *Microbiota ; *Fungi/classification/genetics ; *Agriculture/methods ; *Soil/chemistry ; Zea mays/growth &amp; development/microbiology ; Nicotiana/microbiology/growth &amp; development ; Biodiversity ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Crop rotation is an important agricultural practice that often affects the metabolic processes of soil microorganisms through the composition and combination of crops, thereby altering nutrient cycling and supply to the soil. Although the benefits of crop rotation have been extensively discussed, the effects and mechanisms of different crop combinations on the soil microbial community structure in specific environments still need to be analyzed in detail.<br><br>MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this study, six crop rotation systems were selected, for which the spring crops were mainly tobacco or gramineous crops: AT (asparagus lettuce and tobacco rotation), BT (broad bean and tobacco rotation), OT (oilseed rape and tobacco rotation), AM (asparagus lettuce and maize rotation), BM (broad bean and maize rotation), and OR (oilseed rape and rice rotation). All crops had been cultivated for >&#x2009;10 years. Soil samples were collected when the rotation was completed in spring, after which the soil properties, composition, and functions of bacterial and fungal communities were analyzed.<br><br>RESULTS: The results indicate that spring cultivated crops play a more dominant role in the crop rotation systems than do autumn cultivated crops. Crop rotation systems with the same spring crops have similar soil properties and microbial community compositions. pH and AK are the most important factors driving microbial community changes, and bacteria are more sensitive to environmental responses than fungi. Rotation using tobacco systems led to soil acidification and a decrease in microbial diversity, while the number of biomarkers and taxonomic indicator species differed between rotation patterns. Symbiotic network analysis revealed that the network complexity of OT and BM was the highest, and that the network density of tobacco systems was lower than that of gramineous systems.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Different crop rotation combinations influence both soil microbial communities and soil nutrient conditions. The spring crops in the crop rotation systems had stronger dominating effects, and the soil bacteria were more sensitive than the fungi were to environmental changes. The tobacco rotation system can cause soil acidification and thereby affect soil sustainability, while the complexity of soil microbial networks is lower than that of gramineous systems. These results provide a reference for future sustainable applications of rotation crop systems.},
}
@article {pmid39461984,
year = {2024},
author = {Magura, T and Mizser, S and Horváth, R and Tóth, M and Lövei, GL},
title = {Urbanization impoverishes taxonomic but not functional diversity of the gut microbiota in a forest specialist ground beetle, Carabus convexus.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {14},
number = {1},
pages = {25546},
pmid = {39461984},
issn = {2045-2322},
support = {OTKA K-131459//Hungarian National Research, Development and Innovation Fund/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Coleoptera/microbiology ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome/genetics ; *Urbanization ; Male ; Female ; *Forests ; Bacteria/classification/genetics/isolation &amp; purification ; Biodiversity ; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing ; },
abstract = {Symbiotic microorganisms living in the digestive tracts of invertebrates can be crucial in host-symbiont interactions, as they play fundamental roles in important biological processes. Urbanization-related habitat alteration and disturbance, however, considerably affect the environment of host insects, from which their gut microbiota is derived. Still, relatively few studies, all on flying insects, have assessed the impact of urbanization on the gut microbiota of insects. Here, we compared the gut bacterial microbiota in rural and urban individuals of a flightless ground beetle, Carabus convexus, using next generation sequencing. Across the 48 gut samples we identified 1163 different bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTUs), forming significantly different gut bacterial communities in rural versus urban beetles. The taxonomic diversity of the gut bacterial microbiota expressed by the Hill numbers was significantly higher in rural than urban individuals, as well as in rural males vs. females. Smaller differences were found in functional diversity, assessed by the Rao's quadratic entropy which was marginally significantly higher in urban than rural beetles.},
}
@article {pmid39461054,
year = {2024},
author = {Liu, Y and Qian, J and Lu, B and Hu, J and He, Y and Shen, J and Tang, S},
title = {Arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis enhances the accumulation of plant-derived carbon in soil organic carbon by regulating the biosynthesis of plant biopolymers and soil metabolism.},
journal = {Plant physiology and biochemistry : PPB},
volume = {217},
number = {},
pages = {109230},
doi = {10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.109230},
pmid = {39461054},
issn = {1873-2690},
abstract = {Plant-derived carbon (C) is a critical constituent of particulate organic carbon (POC) and plays an essential role in soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration. Yet, how arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) control the contribution of plant-derived C to SOC storage through two processes (biosynthesis of plant biopolymers and soil metabolism) remains poorly understood. Here, we utilized transcriptome analysis to examine the effects of AMF on P. communis roots. Under the AM symbiosis, root morphological growth and tolerance to stress were strengthened, and the biosynthetic pathways of key plant biopolymers (long-chain fatty acids, cutin, suberin, and lignin) contributing to the plant-derived C were enhanced. In the subsequent metabolic processes, AMF increased soil metabolites contributing to plant-derived C (such as syringic acid) and altered soil metabolic pathways, including carbohydrate metabolism. Additionally, C-acquiring soil extracellular enzyme activities were enhanced by AMF, which could affect the stabilization of plant-derived C in soil. The contents of POC (21.71 g kg[-1] soil), MAOC (10.75 g kg[-1] soil), and TOC (32.47 g kg[-1] soil) in soil were significantly increased by AMF. The concentrations of plant-derived C and microbial-derived C were quantified based on biomarker analysis. AMF enhanced the content of plant-derived C in both POC and MAOC fractions. What's more, plant-derived C presented the highest level in the POC fraction under the AMF treatment. This research broadens our understanding of the mechanism through which plant-derived C contributes to the accumulation of POC and SOC induced by AM symbiosis, and evidences the benefits of AMF application in SOC sequestration.},
}
@article {pmid39460955,
year = {2024},
author = {Paudel, S and Valverde, RA and Davis, JA},
title = {Bell pepper endornavirus alters green peach aphid (Hemiptera: Aphididae) host choice and population dynamics.},
journal = {Journal of economic entomology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/jee/toae256},
pmid = {39460955},
issn = {1938-291X},
support = {//Louisiana Agricultural Experiment Station/ ; 1017472//USDA/ ; //NIFA/ ; },
abstract = {Bell pepper endornavirus (BPEV) Alphaendornavirus capsici (Endornaviridae) is an RNA virus that infects many pepper (Capsicum annuum) horticultural types and is seed transmitted. BPEV does not cause apparent symptoms and is found at every plant developmental stage. During the domestication of bell pepper, plant breeders, unaware of the existence of endornaviruses in the germplasm, selected endornavirus-infected genotypes. This could be an indication that the presence of endornaviruses in this crop is beneficial. Among the possible beneficial effects that endornaviruses may provide to their host could include tolerance or resistance to biotic and abiotic agents and, therefore, may have evolved a symbiotic relationship with their hosts. With this in mind, we set out to determine host preference, host suitability, and population dynamics of green peach aphid Myzus persicae (Sulzer) on BPEV-infected and virus-free bell pepper near-isogenic lines. During choice bioassay experiments, we observed that a higher proportion of M. persicae adults settled on BPEV noninfected leaves as compared to BPEV-infected leaves. Life table analysis revealed that M. persicae performed less well on BPEV-infected leaf tissues, with reductions in longevity, progeny, and intrinsic rate of increase. These results indicate BPEV is beneficial to its host, protecting against an important generalist pest.},
}
@article {pmid39460782,
year = {2024},
author = {Caiafa, MV and Grazziotti, PH and Karlsen-Ayala, E and Jusino, MA and Healy, R and Reynolds, NK and Whitten, WM and Smith, ME},
title = {Ectomycorrhizal fungal communities associated with Crocanthemum and Lechea (Cistaceae) in subtropical Florida sandhill habitats.},
journal = {Mycorrhiza},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {39460782},
issn = {1432-1890},
support = {PVEX-88881170665/2018-01//Brazilian Federal Agency for Support and Evaluation of Graduate Education/ ; Hatch project 1001991 and McIntire-Stennis project 1011527//U.S. Department of Agriculture National Institute of Food and Agriculture/ ; Ordway-Swisher Jumpstart Funding//Institute for Food and Agricultural Sciences at University of Florida/ ; DEB-2106130//United States National Science Foundation/ ; },
abstract = {Cistaceae are shrubs, subshrubs and herbs that often occur in stressful, fire-prone or disturbed environments and form ectomycorrhizal (ECM) associations with symbiotic fungi. Although some Cistaceae are long-lived shrubs that grow to significant size, others are herbaceous annuals or short-lived plants. Thus, Cistaceae are atypical ECM hosts that are fundamentally different in their biology from trees that are the more typically studied ECM hosts. The Mediterranean region is the center of diversity for Cistaceae and the ectomycorrhizal fungi associated with Cistaceae hosts have primarily been studied in Europe, North Africa, and the Middle East. Mediterranean Cistaceae often host diverse communities of ECM fungi, but they also act as hosts for some ECM fungi that putatively show host-specificity or strong host preference for Cistaceae (including species of Delastria, Hebeloma, Terfezia, and Tirmania). The ECM associations of Cistaceae in North America, however, remain highly understudied. Here we use fungal DNA metabarcoding to document the ectomycorrhizal fungal communities associated with Crocanthemum and Lechea (Cistaceae) in open, fire-prone sandhill habitats in north Florida. At each site we also sampled nearby Pinus to determine whether small, herbaceous Cistaceae have specialized ECM fungi or whether they share their ECM fungal community with nearby pines. The ECM communities of Florida Cistaceae are dominated by Cenococcum (Ascomycota) and Russula (Basidiomycota) species but were also significantly associated with Delastria, an understudied genus of mostly truffle-like Pezizales (Ascomycota). Although many Cistaceae ECM fungi were shared with neighboring pines, the ECM communities with Cistaceae were nonetheless significantly different than those of pines.},
}
@article {pmid39460549,
year = {2024},
author = {Isidra-Arellano, MC and Valdés-López, O},
title = {Understanding the crucial role of phosphate and iron availability in regulating root nodule symbiosis.},
journal = {Plant &amp; cell physiology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/pcp/pcae128},
pmid = {39460549},
issn = {1471-9053},
support = {IN200523//Programa de Apoyo a Proyectos de Investigaci&#xf3;n e Innovaci&#xf3;n Tecnol&#xf3;gica (PAPIIT-UNAM)/ ; IN200523//Unam/ ; //Royal Society/ ; },
abstract = {The symbiosis between legumes and nitrogen-fixing bacteria (rhizobia) is instrumental in sustaining the nitrogen cycle and providing fixed nitrogen to the food chain. Both partners must maintain an efficient nutrient exchange to ensure a successful symbiosis. This mini-review highlights the intricate phosphate and iron uptake and homeostasis processes taking place in legumes during their interactions with rhizobia. The coordination of transport and homeostasis of these nutrients in host plants and rhizobia ensures an efficient nitrogen fixation process and nutrient use. We discuss the genetic machinery controlling the uptake and homeostasis of these nutrients in the absence of rhizobia and in symbiotic conditions with this soil bacteria. We also highlight the genetic impact of the availability of phosphate and iron to coordinate the activation of the genetic programs that allow legumes to engage in symbiosis with rhizobia. Finally, we discuss how the transcription factor Phosphate Starvation Response (PHR) might be a crucial genetic element to integrate the nitrogen, iron, and phosphate plant's needs while interacting with rhizobia. Understanding the coordination of the iron and phosphate uptake and homeostasis can lead us to better harness the ecological benefits of the legume-rhizobia symbiosis, even under adverse environmental conditions.},
}
@article {pmid39459637,
year = {2024},
author = {Al-Kabe, SH and Niamah, AK},
title = {Current Trends and Technological Advancements in the Use of Oxalate-Degrading Bacteria as Starters in Fermented Foods-A Review.},
journal = {Life (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {14},
number = {10},
pages = {},
pmid = {39459637},
issn = {2075-1729},
abstract = {Nephrolithiasis is a medical condition characterized by the existence or development of calculi, commonly referred to as stones within the renal system, and poses significant health challenges. Calcium phosphate and calcium oxalate are the predominant constituents of renal calculi and are introduced into the human body primarily via dietary sources. The presence of oxalates can become particularly problematic when the delicate balance of the normal flora residing within the gastrointestinal tract is disrupted. Within the human gut, species of Oxalobacter, Lactobacillus, and Bifidobacterium coexist in a symbiotic relationship. They play a pivotal role in mitigating the risk of stone formation by modulating certain biochemical pathways and producing specific enzymes that can facilitate the breakdown and degradation of oxalate salts. The probiotic potential exhibited by these bacteria is noteworthy, as it underscores their possible utility in the prevention of nephrolithiasis. Investigating the mechanisms by which these beneficial microorganisms exert their effects could lead to novel therapeutic strategies aimed at reducing the incidence of kidney stones. The implications of utilizing probiotics as a preventive measure against kidney stone formation represent an intriguing frontier in both nephrology and microbiome research, meriting further investigation to unlock their full potential.},
}
@article {pmid39459576,
year = {2024},
author = {Malik, JA and Alqarawi, AA and Alotaibi, F and Habib, MM and Sorrori, SN and Almutairi, MBR and Dar, BA},
title = {Alleviation of NaCl Stress on Growth and Biochemical Traits of Cenchrus ciliaris L. via Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Symbiosis.},
journal = {Life (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {14},
number = {10},
pages = {},
pmid = {39459576},
issn = {2075-1729},
support = {RSPD2024R889//King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia/ ; },
abstract = {Soil salinization, especially in arid and semi-arid regions, is one of the major abiotic stresses that affect plant growth. To mediate and boost plant tolerance against this abiotic stress, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) symbiosis is commonly thought to be an effective tool. So, the main purpose of this study was to estimate the role of AMF (applied as a consortium of Claroideoglomus etunicatum, Funneliformis mosseae, Rhizophagus fasciculatum, and R. intraradices species) symbiosis in mitigating deleterious salt stress effects on the growth parameters (shoot length (SL), root length (RL), shoot dry weight (SDW), root dry weight (RDW), root surface area (RSA), total root length (TRL), root volume (RV), root diameter (RD), number of nodes and leaves) of Cenchrus ciliaris L. plants through improved accumulations of photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll), proline and phenolic compounds. The results of this experiment revealed that the roots of C. ciliaris plants were colonized by AMF under all the applied salinity levels (0, 75, 150, 225, and 300 mM NaCl). However, the rate of colonization was negatively affected by increasing salinity as depicted by the varied colonization structures (mycelium, vesicles, arbuscules and spores) which were highest under non-saline conditions. This association of AMF induced an increase in the growth parameters of the plant which were reduced by salinity stress. The improved shoot/root indices are likely due to enhanced photosynthetic activities as the AMF-treated plants showed increased accumulation of pigments (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll), under saline as well as non-saline conditions, compared to non-AMF (N-AMF) plants. Furthermore, the AMF-treated plants also exhibited enhanced accumulation of proline and phenolic compounds. These accumulated metabolites act as protective measures under salinity stress, hence explaining the improved photosynthetic and growth parameters of the plants. These results suggest that AMF could be a good tool for the restoration of salt-affected habitats. However, more research is needed to check the true efficacy of different AMF inoculants under field conditions.},
}
@article {pmid39459519,
year = {2024},
author = {Rumyantsev, KA and Polyakova, VV and Sorokina, IV and Feoktistova, PS and Khatkov, IE and Bodunova, NA and Zhukova, LG},
title = {The Gut Microbiota Impacts Gastrointestinal Cancers through Obesity, Diabetes, and Chronic Inflammation.},
journal = {Life (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {14},
number = {10},
pages = {},
pmid = {39459519},
issn = {2075-1729},
support = {0309-2/22.//This work was supported by the Moscow Government under/ ; },
abstract = {The gut microbiota's pivotal role in human health is increasingly evident, particularly in chronic conditions like obesity, diabetes, and inflammatory diseases. This intricate symbiotic relationship influences metabolic balance and immune responses. Notably, gut microbial dysbiosis is linked to obesity's metabolic disruption and chronic low-grade inflammation. Similarly, in diabetes, the microbiota's impact on insulin resistance and glucose metabolism is becoming evident. Chronic inflammation, a common denominator in these conditions, is also a recognized precursor to carcinogenesis. This intersection prompts a compelling question: does the gut microbiota's influence extend to gastrointestinal cancers like colorectal and pancreatic cancer? These malignancies are closely intertwined with inflammation and metabolic dysregulation. Exploring whether the microbial signatures associated with chronic conditions overlap with precancerous or cancerous states offers new perspectives. This article reviews emerging evidence on the interplay between the gut microbiota, chronic conditions, and gastrointestinal cancers. By elucidating these connections, we aim to uncover potential avenues for innovative diagnostic, preventative, and therapeutic strategies in colorectal and pancreatic cancer management.},
}
@article {pmid39459292,
year = {2024},
author = {Ogofure, AG and Pelo, SP and Green, E},
title = {Identification and Assessment of Secondary Metabolites from Three Fungal Endophytes of Solanum mauritianum Against Public Health Pathogens.},
journal = {Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {29},
number = {20},
pages = {},
pmid = {39459292},
issn = {1420-3049},
mesh = {*Solanum/microbiology/chemistry ; *Endophytes/metabolism ; *Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Secondary Metabolism ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology/chemistry ; Fungi/metabolism ; Metabolomics/methods ; Bacteria/metabolism ; Plant Leaves/microbiology/chemistry ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry ; Fusarium/metabolism ; },
abstract = {Fungal endophytes, symbiotic microorganisms residing within plants, are renowned for producing bioactive secondary metabolites with diverse beneficial properties. We investigated the antimicrobial potential of fungal endophytes isolated from Solanum mauritianum, an invasive weed, against clinically significant bacterial pathogens. Selected fungal endophytes (Penicillium chrysogenum, Fusarium sp., and Paracamarosporium leucadendri) were isolated from the plant's leaves and fruits. Their crude extracts were tested against various referenced strains, such as Mycobacterium species (M. smegmatis ATCC 607 and M. bovis ATCC 27290), Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6571, Bacillus subtilis ATCC 11774, Klebsiella species (K. pneumoniae ATCC 10031 and K. oxytoca ATCC 8724), Escherichia coli ATCC 10536, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 10145, using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Resazurin Microtiter Assay was used for the determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration. The chemical nature of the secondary metabolites in the crude extracts produced by fungal endophytes was evaluated using high-resolution liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) using water and acetonitrile gradient. Liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-QTOF-MS/MS) was employed for untargeted metabolomics. LC-QTOF-MS/MS identified 63 bioactive compounds across the three endophytes. P. chrysogenum had the highest activity against S. aureus and M. smegmatis (1.15 mg/mL and 0.02 mg/mL, respectively), while P. leucadendri demonstrated moderate activity against M. smegmatis (2.91 mg/mL) and E. coli (1.16 mg/mL). Fusarium sp. exhibited the broadest spectrum of antibacterial activity, with MIC values ranging from 0.03 mg/mL (B. subtilis) to 10 mg/mL (M. smegmatis). P. leucadendri produced 29 metabolites, Fusarium sp. had 23 identified metabolites, and a total of 11 metabolites were identified from P. chrysogenum. The fruits of the plant, accounting for 60%, appeared to be the most abundant in the endophyte diversity when compared to the stems and leaves. This study highlights the potential of fungal endophytes from S. mauritianum as a source of novel bioactive compounds, particularly against multidrug-resistant pathogens, contributing to the ongoing efforts to combat antimicrobial resistance.},
}
@article {pmid39458872,
year = {2024},
author = {Tsyganova, AV and Gorshkov, AP and Vorobiev, MG and Tikhonovich, IA and Brewin, NJ and Tsyganov, VE},
title = {Dynamics of Hydrogen Peroxide Accumulation During Tip Growth of Infection Thread in Nodules and Cell Differentiation in Pea (Pisum sativum L.) Symbiotic Nodules.},
journal = {Plants (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {13},
number = {20},
pages = {},
pmid = {39458872},
issn = {2223-7747},
support = {23-16-00090//Russian Science Foundation/ ; },
abstract = {Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in plants is produced in relatively large amounts and plays a universal role in plant defense and physiological responses, including the regulation of growth and development. In the Rhizobium-legume symbiosis, hydrogen peroxide plays an important signaling role throughout the development of this interaction. In the functioning nodule, H2O2 has been shown to be involved in bacterial differentiation into the symbiotic form and in nodule senescence. In this study, the pattern of H2O2 accumulation in pea (Pisum sativum L.) wild-type and mutant nodules blocked at different stages of the infection process was analyzed using a cytochemical reaction with cerium chloride. The observed dynamics of H2O2 deposition in the infection thread walls indicated that the distribution of H2O2 was apparently related to the stiffness of the infection thread wall. The dynamics of H2O2 accumulation was traced, and its patterns in different nodule zones were determined in order to investigate the relationship of H2O2 localization and distribution with the stages of symbiotic nodule development in P. sativum. The patterns of H2O2 localization in different zones of the indeterminate nodule have been partially confirmed by comparative analysis on mutant genotypes.},
}
@article {pmid39458870,
year = {2024},
author = {Agostini, RB and Piga, EJ and Bayón, C and Binolfi, A and Armas, P and Campos-Bermudez, VA and Rius, SP},
title = {G-Quadruplex Structures as Epigenetic Regulatory Elements in Priming of Defense Genes upon Short-Term Trichoderma atroviride Inoculation in Maize.},
journal = {Plants (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {13},
number = {20},
pages = {},
pmid = {39458870},
issn = {2223-7747},
support = {PICT 2018-2034//Agencia Nacional de Promoci&#xf3;n de la Investigaci&#xf3;n, el Desarrollo Tecnol&#xf3;gico y la Innovaci&#xf3;n/ ; },
abstract = {Symbiosis establishment between Trichoderma atroviride and plant roots triggers the priming of defense responses, among other effects. Currently, there is no clear evidence regarding the molecular mechanisms that allow the plant to remain alert to future stimulus, either by pathogen attack or any other abiotic stress. Epigenetic modifications have emerged as a strategy to explain the increased defense response of plants in a priming state conferred by Trichoderma. Recently, various non-canonical structures of nucleic acids, especially G-quadruplex structures (G-quadruplexes or G4s), have been identified as potential targets during the establishment or maintenance of plant signals. In the present study, we developed a screening test for the identification of putative G4-forming sequences (PQSs) in previously identified Z. mays priming genes. Bioinformatic analysis revealed the presence of PQSs in the promoter region of five essential genes playing a critical role in priming in maize. Biophysical and spectroscopy studies showed the formation of G4s by these PQSs in vitro, and ChIP assays demonstrate their formation in vivo. Therefore, G4 formation could play a role as an epigenetic regulatory mechanism involved in the long-lasting primed state in maize plants.},
}
@article {pmid39458844,
year = {2024},
author = {Jeong, S and Schütz, V and Demir, F and Preusche, M and Huesgen, P and Bigler, L and Kovacic, F and Gutbrod, K and Dörmann, P and Schulz, M},
title = {Cyclic Isothiocyanate Goitrin Impairs Lotus japonicus Nodulation, Affects the Proteomes of Nodules and Free Mesorhizobium loti, and Induces the Formation of Caffeic Acid Derivatives in Bacterial Cultures.},
journal = {Plants (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {13},
number = {20},
pages = {},
pmid = {39458844},
issn = {2223-7747},
abstract = {The continuous release of glucosinolates into the soil by Brassicaceae root exudation is a prerequisite to maintaining toxic levels of breakdown products such as isothiocyanates (ITCs). ITCs influence plant and microbial diversity in ecosystems, while fungi and Rhizobiaceae are particularly injured. Studies explaining the molecular mechanisms of the negative effects are presently limited. Therefore, we investigated the early effects of cyclic ITC goitrin on proteomes of the host and symbiotic Mesorhizobium loti in the nodules of Lotus japonicus and of free-living bacteria. In the nodules, many host proteins had a higher abundance, among them, peroxidases and pathogenesis-related PR-10 proteins functioning in the abscisic-acid-activated signaling pathway. In the microsymbiont, transporter proteins as a prominent group are enhanced; some proteins involved in N-fixation decreased. The proteomes give a report about the loss of immunity suppression resulting in the termination of symbiosis, which initiates nodule senescence. Free-living M. loti are severely damaged, indicated, i.a., by a decrease in transporter proteins, the assumed candidates for goitrin protein complex formation, and high proteolysis. The production of chicoric acid by the accompanying bacteria is inhibitory for M. loti but connected to goitrin elimination, as confirmed by mass spectrometric (MS) analysis. In summary, the nodulation process is severely affected by goitrin, causing nodule dysfunction and failed nodule development. N deficiency conditions leads to yellowish leaves and leaf abscission.},
}
@article {pmid39458305,
year = {2024},
author = {Chakraborty, N and Hoke, A and Campbell, R and Holmes-Hampton, G and Kumar, VP and Moyler, C and Gautam, A and Hammamieh, R and Ghosh, SP},
title = {Ionizing Radiation Dose Differentially Affects the Host-Microbe Relationship over Time.},
journal = {Microorganisms},
volume = {12},
number = {10},
pages = {},
pmid = {39458305},
issn = {2076-2607},
support = {DM178020 and RAB23338//JPC-7 project and the AFRRI Intramural funding/ ; },
abstract = {Microorganisms that colonize in or on a host play significant roles in regulating the host's immunological fitness and bioenergy production, thus controlling the host's stress responses. Radiation elicits a pro-inflammatory and bioenergy-expensive state, which could influence the gut microbial compositions and, therefore, the host-microbe bidirectional relationship. To test this hypothesis, young adult mice were exposed to total body irradiation (TBI) at doses of 9.5 Gy and 11 Gy, respectively. The irradiated mice were euthanized on days 1, 3, and 9 post TBI, and their descending colon contents (DCCs) were collected. The 16S ribosomal RNAs from the DCCs were screened to find the differentially enriched bacterial taxa due to TBI. Subsequently, these data were analyzed to identify the metagenome-specific biofunctions. The bacterial community of the DCCs showed increased levels of diversity as time progressed following TBI. The abundance profile was the most divergent at day 9 post 11 Gy TBI. For instance, an anti-inflammatory and energy-harvesting bacterium, namely, Firmicutes, became highly abundant and co-expressed in the DCC with pro-inflammatory Deferribacteres at day 9 post 11 Gy TBI. A systems evaluation found a diverging trend in the regulation profiles of the functional networks that were linked to the bacteria and metabolites of the DCCs, respectively. Additionally, the network clusters associated with lipid metabolism and bioenergy synthesis were found to be activated in the DCC bacteria but inhibited in the metabolite space at day 9 post 11 Gy. Taking these results together, the present analysis indicated a disrupted mouse-bacteria symbiotic relationship as time progressed after lethal irradiation. This information can help develop precise interventions to ameliorate the symptoms triggered by TBI.},
}
@article {pmid39457827,
year = {2024},
author = {Wang, L and Li, W},
title = {The Impact of AI Usage on University Students' Willingness for Autonomous Learning.},
journal = {Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {14},
number = {10},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/bs14100956},
pmid = {39457827},
issn = {2076-328X},
support = {BIA240122//National Social Science Foundation/ ; },
abstract = {As artificial intelligence (AI) technology becomes increasingly integrated into education, understanding the theoretical mechanisms that drive university students to adopt new learning behaviors through these tools is essential. This study extends the Expectation-Confirmation Model (ECM) by incorporating both cognitive and affective variables to examine students' current AI usage and their future expectations. The model includes intrinsic and extrinsic motivations, focusing on three key factors: positive emotions, digital efficacy, and willingness for autonomous learning. A survey of 721 valid responses revealed that positive emotions, digital efficacy, and satisfaction significantly influence continued AI usage, with positive emotions being particularly critical. Digital efficacy and perceived usefulness also impact satisfaction, but long-term usage intentions are more effectively driven by positive emotions. Furthermore, digital efficacy strongly affects the willingness for autonomous learning. Therefore, higher education institutions should promote AI technology, enhance students' expectation-confirmation levels, and emphasize positive emotional experiences during AI use. Adopting a "human-machine symbiosis" model can foster active learning, personalized learning pathways, and the development of students' digital efficacy and innovation capabilities.},
}
@article {pmid39456764,
year = {2024},
author = {Wang, X and Wang, Y and Yang, H and Liu, F and Cai, Y and Xiao, J and Fu, Q and Wan, P},
title = {Integrative Omics Strategies for Understanding and Combating Brown Planthopper Virulence in Rice Production: A Review.},
journal = {International journal of molecular sciences},
volume = {25},
number = {20},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/ijms252010981},
pmid = {39456764},
issn = {1422-0067},
support = {CPSIBRF-CNRRI-202406//Fundamental Research Funds for Central Public Welfare Research Institute/ ; 2021YFD1401100//National Key Research and Development Program of China/ ; LY22C140008//Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; CARS-01//China Agriculture Research System/ ; CAAS-ASTIP-2021-CNRRI//Rice Pest Management Research Group of the Agri-cultural Science and Technology Innovation Program of China Academy of Agricultural Science/ ; },
mesh = {*Oryza/parasitology/genetics/microbiology ; *Hemiptera/genetics/pathogenicity ; Animals ; Genomics/methods ; Plant Diseases/parasitology/genetics/microbiology ; Virulence/genetics ; Proteomics/methods ; Metabolomics/methods ; Transcriptome ; Multiomics ; },
abstract = {The brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens, BPH) is a serious insect pest responsible for causing immense economic losses to rice growers around the globe. The development of high-throughput sequencing technologies has significantly improved the research on this pest, and its genome structure, gene expression profiles, and host-plant interactions are being unveiled. The integration of genomic sequencing, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics has greatly increased our understanding of the biological characteristics of planthoppers, which will benefit the identification of resistant rice varieties and strategies for their control. Strategies like more optimal genome assembly and single-cell RNA-seq help to update our knowledge of gene control structure and cell type-specific usage, shedding light on how planthoppers adjust as well. However, to date, a comprehensive genome-wide investigation of the genetic interactions and population dynamics of BPHs has yet to be exhaustively performed using these next-generation omics technologies. This review summarizes the recent advances and new perspectives regarding the use of omics data for the BPH, with specific emphasis on the integration of both fields to help develop more sustainable pest management strategies. These findings, in combination with those of post-transcriptional and translational modifications involving non-coding RNAs as well as epigenetic variations, further detail intricate host-brown planthopper interaction dynamics, especially regarding resistant rice varieties. Finally, the symbiogenesis of the symbiotic microbial community in a planthopper can be characterized through metagenomic approaches, and its importance in enhancing virulence traits would offer novel opportunities for plant protection by manipulating host-microbe interactions. The concerted diverse omics approaches collectively identified the holistic and complex mechanisms of virulence variation in BPHs, which enables efficient deployment into rice resistance breeding as well as sustainable pest management.},
}
@article {pmid39456492,
year = {2024},
author = {Cruces, E and Cubillos, VM and Ramírez-Kushel, E and Montory, JA and Mardones, DA and Chaparro, OR and Paredes, FJ and Echeverría-Pérez, I and Salas-Yanquin, LP and Büchner-Miranda, JA},
title = {Photophysiological and Oxidative Responses of the Symbiotic Estuarine Anemone Anthopleura hermaphroditica to the Impact of UV Radiation and Salinity: Field and Laboratory Approaches.},
journal = {Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {13},
number = {10},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/antiox13101239},
pmid = {39456492},
issn = {2076-3921},
support = {1221545//FONDECYT-ANID/ ; 1190875//FONDECYT-ANID/ ; 1241296//FONDECYT-ANID/ ; },
abstract = {The estuarine anemone Anthopleura hermaphroditica and its symbiont Philozoon anthopleurum are continuously exposed to intense fluctuations in solar radiation and salinity owing to tidal changes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the tidal cycle, solar radiation, and salinity fluctuations on the photosynthetic and cellular responses (lipid peroxidation, total phenolic compounds, and antioxidant activity) of the symbiont complex over a 24 h period in the Quempillén River Estuary. Additionally, laboratory experiments were conducted to determine the specific photobiological responses to photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), ultraviolet radiation (UVR), and salinity. Our field results showed that the photosynthetic parameters of the symbiont complex decreased with increasing ambient radiation; however, no relationship was observed with changes in salinity. Increased peroxidative damage, total phenolic compound levels, and antioxidant activity were mainly related to increased UVR and, to a lesser extent, PAR. During the dark period, only PAR-exposed organisms returned to the basal levels of photosynthesis and cell damage. Laboratory exposure confirmed the deleterious effects of UVR on the photosynthetic response. The present study suggests that the ability of A. hermaphroditica to acclimate to natural radiation stress is mediated by the concerted action of various physiological mechanisms that occur at different times of the day, under varying levels of environmental stress.},
}
@article {pmid39456445,
year = {2024},
author = {Czarnowska-Kujawska, M and Klepacka, J and Starowicz, M and Lesińska, P},
title = {Functional Properties and Sensory Quality of Kombucha Analogs Based on Herbal Infusions.},
journal = {Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {13},
number = {10},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/antiox13101191},
pmid = {39456445},
issn = {2076-3921},
support = {the Regional Initiative of Excellence Program//This research was funded by the Minister of Science under "the Regional Initiative of Excellence Program"./ ; },
abstract = {Traditionally, kombucha is produced by the fermentation of black or green tea infusions with the use of SCOBY (Symbiotic Culture of Bacteria and Yeasts). However, SCOBY exhibits the ability to ferment other substrates as well, which can be used to create novel products with new sensory and health-promoting properties. This paper investigates the antioxidant activity, chemical composition, and sensory properties of mint, nettle, and blackcurrant leaf-based kombucha analogs. It has been demonstrated that the fermentation process with SCOBY significantly influenced (p ≤ 0.05) sugar, organic acids, and mineral contents, with the increase in iron, magnesium, and calcium amounts in all tested herbal kombucha. The study shows that the type of herb infusion has a significant influence on the parameters associated with antioxidant potential. The fermentation with SCOBY resulted in an increase in antioxidant activity as measured by the superoxide anion radical (O2[•-]) inhibition of all three tested herbal infusions, with the greatest changes observed in nettle kombucha. Herbal kombucha was characterized by significantly increased total phenolic content as determined by Folin's reagent and a changed phenolic compound profile by LC-MS/MS (liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry) in comparison to nonfermented infusions. Very high sensory scores were achieved for fermented mint and blackcurrant-based kombucha.},
}
@article {pmid39456087,
year = {2024},
author = {De Rose, S and Sillo, F and Ghirardo, A and Perotto, S and Schnitzler, JP and Balestrini, R},
title = {Integration of fungal transcriptomics and metabolomics provides insights into the early interaction between the ORM fungus Tulasnella sp. and the orchid Serapias vomeracea seeds.},
journal = {IMA fungus},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {31},
pmid = {39456087},
issn = {2210-6340},
abstract = {In nature, germination of orchid seeds and early plant development rely on a symbiotic association with orchid mycorrhizal (ORM) fungi. These fungi provide the host with the necessary nutrients and facilitate the transition from embryos to protocorms. Despite recent advances in omics technologies, our understanding of this symbiosis remains limited, particularly during the initial stages of the interaction. To address this gap, we employed transcriptomics and metabolomics to investigate the early responses occurring in the mycorrhizal fungus Tulasnella sp. isolate SV6 when co-cultivated with orchid seeds of Serapias vomeracea. The integration of data from gene expression and metabolite profiling revealed the activation of some fungal signalling pathways before the establishment of the symbiosis. Prior to seed contact, an indole-related metabolite was produced by the fungus, and significant changes in the fungal lipid profile occurred throughout the symbiotic process. Additionally, the expression of plant cell wall-degrading enzymes (PCWDEs) was observed during the pre-symbiotic stage, as the fungus approached the seeds, along with changes in amino acid metabolism. Thus, the dual-omics approach employed in this study yielded novel insights into the symbiotic relationship between orchids and ORM fungi and suggest that the ORM fungus responds to the presence of the orchid seeds prior to contact.},
}
@article {pmid39455957,
year = {2024},
author = {Doellman, MM and Sun, Y and Barcenas-Peña, A and Lumbsch, HT and Grewe, F},
title = {Rethinking asexuality: the enigmatic case of functional sexual genes in Lepraria (Stereocaulaceae).},
journal = {BMC genomics},
volume = {25},
number = {1},
pages = {1003},
pmid = {39455957},
issn = {1471-2164},
support = {CTM2015-64728-C2-1-R//Spanish Ministry of Science/ ; },
mesh = {*Reproduction, Asexual/genetics ; Phylogeny ; Ascomycota/genetics/physiology ; Genome, Fungal ; Lichens/genetics ; Genes, Mating Type, Fungal/genetics ; Genomics ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The ubiquity of sex across eukaryotes, given its high costs, strongly suggests it is evolutionarily advantageous. Asexual lineages can avoid, for example, the risks and energetic costs of recombination, but suffer short-term reductions in adaptive potential and long-term damage to genome integrity. Despite these costs, lichenized fungi have frequently evolved asexual reproduction, likely because it allows the retention of symbiotic algae across generations. The lichenized fungal genus Lepraria is thought to be exclusively asexual, while its sister genus Stereocaulon completes a sexual reproductive cycle. A comparison of sister sexual and asexual clades should shed light on the evolution of asexuality in lichens in general, as well as the apparent long-term maintenance of asexuality in Lepraria, specifically.<br><br>RESULTS: In this study, we assembled and annotated representative long-read genomes from the putatively asexual Lepraria genus and its sexual sister genus Stereocaulon, and added short-read assemblies from an additional 22 individuals across both genera. Comparative genomic analyses revealed that both genera were heterothallic, with intact mating-type loci of both idiomorphs present across each genus. Additionally, we identified and assessed 29 genes involved in meiosis and mitosis and 45 genes that contribute to formation of fungal sexual reproductive structures (ascomata). All genes were present and appeared functional in nearly all Lepraria, and we failed to identify a general pattern of relaxation of selection on these genes across the Lepraria lineage. Together, these results suggest that Lepraria may be capable of sexual reproduction, including mate recognition, meiosis, and production of ascomata.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Despite apparent maintenance of machinery essential for fungal sex, over 200 years of careful observations by lichenologists have produced no evidence of canonical sexual reproduction in Lepraria. We suggest that Lepraria may have instead evolved a form of parasexual reproduction, perhaps by repurposing MAT and meiosis-specific genes. This may, in turn, allow these lichenized fungi to avoid long-term consequences of asexuality, while maintaining the benefit of an unbroken bond with their algal symbionts.},
}
@article {pmid39455594,
year = {2024},
author = {Lin, QC and Cen, YQ and Xu, M and Jiang, DD and Zhang, J},
title = {Effects of urban green space habitats and tree species on ectomycorrhizal fungal diversity.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {14},
number = {1},
pages = {25369},
pmid = {39455594},
issn = {2045-2322},
support = {31660150//Study on the driving mechanism of diversity and distribution pattern of ectomycorrhizal fungi in Pinus massoniana in Southwest China/ ; 31960234//Plant function of Pinus massoniana community Study on the spatio-temporal evolution characteristics and interaction mechanism of traits and environmental factors./ ; },
mesh = {*Mycorrhizae/genetics/physiology/classification ; *Trees/microbiology ; *Ecosystem ; *Biodiversity ; China ; Pinus/microbiology ; Soil Microbiology ; Cedrus/microbiology ; },
abstract = {Ectomycorrhizal fungi (EMF) are key symbiotic microbial components for the growth and health of trees in urban greenspace habitats (UGSHs). However, the current understanding of EMF diversity in UGSHs remains poor. Therefore, in this study, using morphological classification and molecular identification, we aimed to investigate EMF diversity in three EMF host plants: Cedrus deodara in the roadside green belt, and C. deodara, Pinus massoniana, and Salix babylonica in the park roadside green belt, in Guiyang, China. A total of 62 EMF Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) were identified, including 13 EMF OTUs in the C. deodara roadside green belt, and 23, 31, and 9 EMF OTUs in the park green belts. C. deodara, P. massoniana, and S. babylonica were respectively identified in park green belts. Ascomycota and Basidiomycota were the dominant phylum in the EMF communities in roadside and park green habitat, respectively. The Shannon and Simpson indexes of the C. deodara EMF community in the park green belt were higher than those in the roadside green belt. EMF diversity of the tree species in the park green belt was P. massoniana > C. deodara > S. babylonica. Differences in EMF community diversity was observed among the different greening tree species in the UGSHs. UGSHs with different disturbance gradients had a significant impact on the EMF diversity of the same greening tree species. These results can be used as a scientific reference for optimizing the design and scientific management of UGSHs.},
}
@article {pmid39454679,
year = {2024},
author = {Kedves, A and Yavuz, &#xc7; and Kedves, O and Haspel, H and Kónya, Z},
title = {Response to shock load of titanium dioxide nanoparticles on aerobic granular sludge and algal-bacterial granular sludge processes.},
journal = {NanoImpact},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {100532},
doi = {10.1016/j.impact.2024.100532},
pmid = {39454679},
issn = {2452-0748},
abstract = {Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) are extensively used in various fields and can consequently be detected in wastewater, making it necessary to study their potential impacts on biological wastewater treatment processes. In this study, the shock-load impacts of TiO2 NPs were investigated at concentrations ranging between 1 and 200 mg L[-1] on nutrient removal, extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs), microbial activity in aerobic granular sludge (AGS), and algal-bacterial granular sludge (AB-AGS) bioreactors. The results indicated that low concentration (≤10 mg L[-1]) TiO2 NPs had no effect on microbial activity or the removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD), nitrogen, and phosphorus, due to the increased production of extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs) in the sludge. In contrast, the performance of both AGS and AB-AGS bioreactors gradually deteriorated as the concentration of TiO2 NPs in the influent increased to 50, 100, and 200 mg L[-1]. Specifically, the ammonia‑nitrogen removal rate in AGS decreased from 99.9 % to 88.6 %, while in AB-AGS it dropped to 91.3 % at 200 mg L[-1] TiO2 NPs. Furthermore, the nitrate‑nitrogen levels remained stable in AB-AGS, while NO3-N was detected in the effluent of AGS at 100 and 200 mg L[-1]. Microbial activities change similarly as smaller decrease in the specific ammonia uptake rate (SAUR) and specific nitrate uptake rate (SNUR) was found in AB-AGS compared to those in AGS. Overall, the algal-bacterial sludge exhibited higher resilience against TiO2 NPs, which was attributed to a) higher EPS volume, b) smaller decrease in LB-EPS, and c) the favorable protein to polysaccharide (PN/PS) ratio. This in turn, along with the symbiotic relationship between the algae and bacteria, mitigates the toxic effects of nanoparticles.},
}
@article {pmid39453782,
year = {2024},
author = {Wolfe, B and Campbell, BD and Samsel, F and Campbell, BD and Samsel, F},
title = {Beatie Wolfe: Designing for the Experience of Analog-Digital Symbiosis.},
journal = {IEEE computer graphics and applications},
volume = {44},
number = {5},
pages = {85-92},
doi = {10.1109/MCG.2024.3428588},
pmid = {39453782},
issn = {1558-1756},
abstract = {We have enjoyed getting to know Beatie Wolfe after finding her work to be compelling for its consistent ability to use art and communication to build bridges between different societal worlds. Beatie is a multimedia artist who started her career reimagining the ceremonial experiences of analog music formats, creating a new series of retro-future designs for the digital age, and now perfects an artistic process, which melds art and science and other disciplines to create stunning multifaceted installations that draw huge enthusiastic audiences when displayed in public.},
}
@article {pmid39452359,
year = {2024},
author = {González-Román, P and Hernández-Oaxaca, D and Bustamante-Brito, R and Rogel, MA and Martínez-Romero, E},
title = {On the Origins of Symbiotic Fungi in Carmine Cochineals and Their Function in the Digestion of Plant Polysaccharides.},
journal = {Insects},
volume = {15},
number = {10},
pages = {},
pmid = {39452359},
issn = {2075-4450},
abstract = {The cochineal insect Dactylopius coccus Costa (Hemiptera) has cultural and economic value because it produces carminic acid that is used commercially. In this study, distinct fungi were cultured from dissected tissue and identified as Penicillium, Coniochaeta, Arthrinium, Cladosporium, Microascus, Aspergillus, and Periconia. Fungi were microscopically observed inside cochineals in the gut, fat body, and ovaries. Since cochineals spend their lives attached to cactus leaves and use the sap as feed, they can obtain fungi from cacti plants. Indeed, we obtained Penicillium, Aspergillus, and Cladosporium fungi from cacti that were identical to those inside cochineals, supporting their plant origin. Fungi could be responsible for the degrading activities in the insect guts, since cellulase, pectinase, and amylase enzymatic activities in insect guts decreased in fungicide-treated cochineals. Our findings set the basis for the further study of the interactions between insects, fungi, and their host plants.},
}
@article {pmid39450961,
year = {2024},
author = {Sansonetti, PJ and Doré, J},
title = {[The human microbiome proofed by the Anthropocene: from correlation to causality and intervention].},
journal = {Medecine sciences : M/S},
volume = {40},
number = {10},
pages = {757-765},
doi = {10.1051/medsci/2024121},
pmid = {39450961},
issn = {1958-5381},
mesh = {Humans ; *Microbiota/physiology ; Animals ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome/physiology ; *Dysbiosis/microbiology ; Biodiversity ; Causality ; Climate Change ; },
abstract = {The deleterious effects of human activities on biodiversity in the vegetal and animal world, and on climate changes are now well-established facts. However, little is yet known on the impact of human activities on microbial diversity on the planet and more specifically on the human microbiota Large implementation of metagenomics allows exaustive microbial cataloguing with broad spatio-temporal resolution of human microbiota. A reduction in bacterial richness and diversity in the human microbiota, particularly in the intestinal tract, is now established and particularly obvious in the most industrialized regions of the planet. Massive, uncontrolled use of antibiotics, drastic changes in traditional food habits and some elements of the "global exposome" that remain to identify are usually considered as stressors accounting for this situation of "missing microbes". As a consequence, a dysbiotic situation develops, a "dysbiosis" being characterized by the erosion of the central core of shared bacterial species across individuals and the development of opportunistic "pathobionts" in response to a weaker barrier capacity of these impoverished microbiota. The current challenge is to establish a causality link between the extension of these dysbiotic situations and the steady emergence of epidemic, non-communicable diseases such as asthma, allergy, obesity, diabetes, autoimmune diseases and some cancers. Experimental animal models combined with controlled, prospective clinical interventions are in demand to consolidate causality links, with the understanding that in the deciphering of the mechanisms of alteration of the human-microbiome symbiosis resides a novel exciting chapter of medicine: "microbial medicine".},
}
@article {pmid39450641,
year = {2024},
author = {Fuentes-Romero, F and Mercogliano, M and De Chiara, S and Alías-Villegas, C and Navarro-Gómez, P and Acosta-Jurado, S and Silipo, A and Medina, C and Rodríguez-Carvajal, M&#xc1; and Dardanelli, MS and Ruiz-Sainz, JE and López-Baena, FJ and Molinaro, A and Vinardell, JM and Di Lorenzo, F},
title = {Exopolysaccharide is detrimental for the symbiotic performance of Sinorhizobium fredii HH103 mutants with a truncated lipopolysaccharide core.},
journal = {The Biochemical journal},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1042/BCJ20240599},
pmid = {39450641},
issn = {1470-8728},
abstract = {The nitrogen-fixing rhizobia-legume symbiosis relies on a complex interchange of molecular signals between the two partners during the whole interaction. On the bacterial side, different surface polysaccharides, such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and exopolysaccharide (EPS), might play important roles for the success of the interaction. In a previous work we studied two Sinorhizobium fredii HH103 mutants affected in the rkpK and lpsL genes, which are responsible for the production of glucuronic acid and galacturonic acid, respectively. Both mutants produced an altered LPS, and the rkpK mutant, in addition, lacked EPS. These mutants were differently affected in symbiosis with Glycine max and Vigna unguiculata, with the lpsL mutant showing a stronger impairment than the rkpK mutant. In the present work we have further investigated the LPS structure and the symbiotic abilities of the HH103 lpsL and rkpK mutants. We demonstrate that both strains produce the same LPS, with a truncated core oligosaccharide devoid of uronic acids. We show that the symbiotic performance of the lpsL mutant with Macroptilium atropurpureum and Glycyrrhiza uralensis is worse than that of the rkpK mutant. Introduction of an exoA mutation (which avoids EPS production) in HH103 lpsL improved its symbiotic performance with G. max, M. atropurpureum, and G. uralensis to the level exhibited by HH103 rkpK, suggesting that the presence of EPS might hide the truncated LPS produced by the former mutant.},
}
@article {pmid39450082,
year = {2024},
author = {Quintans, ILADCR and Vukicevich, E and Kokkoris, V and Packard, E and Adhikary, D and Hart, MM and Deyholos, MK},
title = {Gene expression signatures of mutualism and pathogenesis in flax roots.},
journal = {Frontiers in plant science},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1415082},
pmid = {39450082},
issn = {1664-462X},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Fusarium wilt, a devastating soil-borne fungal disease in flax (Linum usitatissimum), is caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lini, a hemibiotrophic plant pathogen that penetrates plant roots. There are several reports of the molecular response of L. usitatissimum to F. oxysporum f. sp. lini; however, comparisons of the effects of mutualistic and pathogenic fungi on plants are more limited.<br><br>METHODS: In this study, we have integrated phenotyping and RNA-Seq approaches to examine the response of flax to F. oxysporum f.sp. lini and to a mutualistic arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF) Rhizoglomus irregulare. R. irregulare is a common soil fungus and also widely used as a commercial inoculant to improve plant growth. We measured flax growth parameters after plant inoculation with each or both fungi, in comparison with non-inoculated control. We performed transcriptome analysis of root tissues collected at 9 and 14 days post-inoculation.<br><br>RESULTS: We identified several differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in response to pathogenic and mutualistic fungi. These included genes related to ethylene and salicylic acid biosynthesis, carbohydrate binding, oxidoreductases, and sugar transmembrane transporters. Genes related to calcium signaling, nutrient transport, lipid metabolism, cell wall, and polysaccharide-modifying were up-regulated by R. irregulare; however, the same genes were down-regulated by F. oxysporum f. sp. lini when treated independently. In the combined treatment, genes related to cell wall modifications, hormone regulation and nutrient uptake were up-regulated. These results suggest that inoculation with R. irregulare reduced gene expression related to F. oxysporum f. sp. lini infection, leading to a reduced response to the pathogen. In response to AMF, flax prioritized mutualism-related gene expression over defense, reversing the growth inhibition caused by F. oxysporum f. sp.lini in the combined treatment.<br><br>DISCUSSION: This research provides insights into the protective effects of AMF, revealing the pre-symbiotic gene expression profile of flax in response to mutualism in comparison with pathogenicity. Potential target genes for crop improvement were identified, especially defense related genes.},
}
@article {pmid39449508,
year = {2024},
author = {Ma, XL and Cai, LY and Liu, YY and Xing, SP and Kang, L and Wei, X and Zhu, D},
title = {[Using metabolomics to explore the effects of epigenetic-modification strategies on the metabolites of Acanthus ilicifolius L. endophytic fungi against ovarian cancer].},
journal = {Se pu = Chinese journal of chromatography},
volume = {42},
number = {11},
pages = {1015-1023},
doi = {10.3724/SP.J.1123.2024.08002},
pmid = {39449508},
issn = {1872-2059},
mesh = {Female ; *Metabolomics ; *Endophytes/metabolism/chemistry ; Humans ; *Epigenesis, Genetic ; *Ovarian Neoplasms/microbiology ; Fungi/metabolism ; },
abstract = {Ovarian cancer is a serious threat to women's health and safety. So far, people have discovered more than 130 small molecule compounds of natural origin for anti-tumor, of which approximately 50% are of microbial origin. The Acanthus ilicifolius L. species is primarily distributed in the Guangdong, Hainan, and Guangxi regions of China and grows in tidally accessible coastal areas. Recent studies have revealed that Acanthus ilicifolius L. extracts are endowed with a range of pharmacological properties, including anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, antioxidant, and antitumor activities. Endophytic fungi are commonly found in the healthy tissue and organs of medicinal plants. These fungi and the plants they inhabit form mutually beneficial symbiotic relationships. Endophytic fungi produce a series of secondary metabolites, with active substances having shown great economic value and applications prospects in drug research and development as well as for the biological control of plant diseases. Secondary metabolites production by endophytic fungi is regulated by specific gene clusters, and several techniques have been used to stimulate the secondary metabolic processes of fungi, including epigenetic-modification and OSMAC (one strain many compounds) strategies, co-culturing, and gene modification. Among these, epigenetic modification has been shown to be effective; this strategy involves the addition of small-molecule epigenetic modifiers to the culture medium, thereby activating silenced biosynthetic gene clusters without altering the DNA sequences of the fungi. This approach facilitates the expression of silenced genes in endophytic fungi, thereby increasing the number and diversity of secondary metabolites. Furthermore, it assists in overcoming the inhibition of microbial secondary-metabolite synthesis under laboratory conditions, and enhances silenced-gene expressions. The advent of novel analytical techniques and bioinformatics has provided a comprehensive, multifaceted, and holistic understanding of fungal metabolism through the development of metabolomics as a research platform. However, few studies have combined anti-ovarian cancer-activity screening with metabolomic approaches in the search for activity-differentiating metabolites from endophytic fungi under the intervention of epigenetic modifiers. Herein, we investigated the impact of epigenetic modifiers on the secondary metabolites of the endophytic Diaporthe goulteri fungus from Acanthus ilicifolius L. to determine their potential anti-ovarian cancer activities. Crude extracts were obtained by controlling three variables: the number of fermentation days, the type of epigenetic modifier, and its concentration, with activities screened using the CCK-8 (cell counting kit-8) method. Ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) was subsequently employed for non-targeted metabolomic analysis. A multivariate statistical analysis model was constructed using principal component analysis and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis, which combines model and variable importance projection, with qualitative screening performed and significant changes (variable importance in the projection (VIP)≥1; P<0. 05) determined. Fifteen differential metabolites were identified in the fungal and epigenetic modification group, primarily comprising polyketides, amino acids, derivatives, alkaloids, and organic acids, including prenderol, glycine, valine, 2-ethylcaproic acid, rubratoxin B, finasteride, 6-silaspiro[5.5]undecane, 1-(2-nitrophenoxy)octane, heptadecene, 1-pentadecene, 11-ketoetiocholanolone, 3-(1-ethyl-1,3,3-trimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-5-yl)butanal, N[2]-benzoylarginine, tabutrex, (3aR,6S,6aS)-6-(4-hydroxy-2-methoxy-2-butanyl)-4,4-dimethylhexahydro-1(2H)-pentalenone, and 8-aminoquinoline. The expressions of prenderol, 1-(2-nitrophenoxy)octane, 3-(1-ethyl-1,3,3-trimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-5-yl)butanal, N[2]-benzoylarginine, and 8-aminoquinoline were downregulated, whereas the expressions of the remaining 10 substances were upregulated. Polyketides were the main components that exhibited higher expressions. This study showed that latent active differential metabolites can be searched by combining anti-ovarian cancer-activity screening with metabolomics analysis, thereby providing a reference for the further development of Acanthus ilicifolius L. resources and the subsequent targeted isolation of active compounds.},
}
@article {pmid39449069,
year = {2024},
author = {Yates, J and Kadiyala, S and Deeney, M and Carriedo, A and Gillespie, S and Heindel, JJ and Maffini, MV and Martin, O and Monteiro, CA and Scheringer, M and Touvier, M and Muncke, J},
title = {A toxic relationship: ultra-processed foods &amp; plastics.},
journal = {Globalization and health},
volume = {20},
number = {1},
pages = {74},
pmid = {39449069},
issn = {1744-8603},
mesh = {Humans ; *Plastics/adverse effects ; *Fast Foods/adverse effects ; Food Contamination ; Food, Processed ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Among the crises engulfing the world is the symbiotic rise of ultra-processed foods (UPFs) and plastics. Together, this co-dependent duo generates substantial profits for agri-food and petrochemical industries at high costs for people and planet. Cheap, lightweight and highly functional, plastics have ideal properties that enable business models to create demand for low-cost, mass-produced and hyper-palatable UPFs among populations worldwide, hungry, or not. Evidence linking UPF consumption to deterioration in diet quality and higher risk of chronic diseases is well-established and growing rapidly. At the same time, the issue of plastic food contact chemicals (FCCs) is receiving increasing attention among the human health community, as is the generation and dispersion of micro- and nanoplastics.<br><br>MAIN BODY: In this commentary, we explore how the lifecycles and shared economic benefits of UPFs and plastics interact to co-produce a range of direct and indirect harms. We caution that the chemical dimension of these harms is underappreciated, with thousands of plastic FCCs known to migrate into foodstuffs. Some of these are hazardous and have been detected in humans and the broader environment, while many are yet to be adequately tested. We question whether policies on both UPF and plastic chemicals are fit for purpose when production and consumption of these products is adding to the chronic chemical exposures that plausibly contribute to the increasing global burden of non-communicable diseases.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: In the context of ongoing negotiations for a legally binding global treaty to end plastics pollution, and rapidly growing concern about the burgeoning share of UPFs in diets worldwide, we ask: What steps are needed to call time on this toxic relationship?},
}
@article {pmid39448367,
year = {2024},
author = {Saha, U and Jadhav, SV and Pathak, KN and Saroj, SD},
title = {Screening of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates reveals the spread of strong biofilm formers and class 1 integrons.},
journal = {Journal of applied microbiology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/jambio/lxae275},
pmid = {39448367},
issn = {1365-2672},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Klebsiella pneumoniae is a Gram-negative bacterium that can colonize, penetrate, and cause infections at several human anatomical locations. The emergence of hypervirulent K. pneumoniae and its ability to evade the immune system and develop antibiotic resistance has made it a key concern in the healthcare industry. The hypervirulent variants are increasingly involved in community-acquired infections. Therefore, it is pertinent to understand the biofilm formation potential among the clinical isolates.<br><br>METHODS AND RESULTS: We acquired 225 isolates of K. pneumoniae from the Department of Microbiology, Symbiosis University Hospital and Research Centre (SUHRC), Pune, India over 1 year from March 2022- March 2023, and evaluated antimicrobial susceptibility, hypermucoviscous phenotype, virulence, and antimicrobial-resistant gene distribution in K. pneumoniae isolates and established a correlation between antimicrobial resistance and integrons. Most isolates were strong biofilm formers (76%). The isolates harbored one or more carbapenemase/ beta-lactamase encoding gene combinations. Hypermucoviscous (HMKP) isolates had considerably greater positive rates for iutA, magA, K2 serotype, rmpA, and rmpA2 than non-HMKP isolates. Isolates carrying integrons (43%) showed significantly more antibiotic resistance.<br><br>CONCLUSION: The study reveals spread of strong biofilm formers with extensive virulence and antimicrobial-resistant genes, and integrons responsible for multi-drug resistance among the clinical isolates of K. pneumoniae in Pune, India, posing a threat to the public health and necessitating close surveillance, accurate diagnosis, control, and therapeutic management of infections.},
}
@article {pmid39447631,
year = {2024},
author = {Salam, M and Bolletta, V and Meng, Y and Yakti, W and Grossule, V and Shi, D and Hayat, F},
title = {Exploring the role of the microbiome of the H. illucens (black soldier fly) for microbial synergy in optimizing black soldier fly rearing and subsequent applications.},
journal = {Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {125055},
doi = {10.1016/j.envpol.2024.125055},
pmid = {39447631},
issn = {1873-6424},
abstract = {The symbiotic microbiome in the insect's gut is vital to the host insect's development, improvement of health, resistance to disease, and adaptability to the environment. The black soldier fly (BSF) can convert organic substrates into a protein- and fat-rich biomass that is viable for various applications. With the support of a selective microbiome, BSF can digest and recycle different organic waste, reduce the harmful effects of improper disposal, and transform low-value side streams into valuable resources. Molecular and systems-level investigations on the harbored microbial populations may uncover new biocatalysts for organic waste degradation. This article discusses and summarizes the efforts taken toward characterizing the BSF microbiota and analyzing its substrate-dependent shifts. In addition, the review discusses the dynamic insect-microbe relationship from the functional point of view and focuses on how understanding this symbiosis can lead to alternative applications for BSF. Valorization strategies can include manipulating the microbiota to optimize insect growth and biomass production, as well as exploiting the role of BSF microbiota to discover new bioactive compounds based on BSF immunity. Optimizing the BSF application in industrial setup and exploiting its gut microbiota for innovative biotechnological applications are potential developments that could emerge in the coming decade.},
}
@article {pmid39447296,
year = {2024},
author = {Antonelli, P and Grizard, S and Tran, FH and Lejon, D and Bellemain, A and Van, and Mavingui, P and Roiz, D and Simard, F and Martin, E and Abrouk, D and Vigneron, A and Minard, G and Valiente Moro, C},
title = {Bioaccumulation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and microbiota dynamics across developmental stages of the Asian tiger mosquito, Aedes albopictus exposed to urban pollutants.},
journal = {Ecotoxicology and environmental safety},
volume = {286},
number = {},
pages = {117214},
doi = {10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.117214},
pmid = {39447296},
issn = {1090-2414},
abstract = {Aedes albopictus mosquitoes face numerous anthropic stressors in urban areas. These xenobiotics not only impact mosquito physiology but also shape the composition of their microbiota, which play important roles in host physiological traits. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitous environmental pollutants known to alter mosquito metabolism, but no studies have yet investigated their impact on microbiota. Using a bespoke indoor mesocosm tailored for Ae. albopictus mosquitoes, we investigated the dynamics of bacterial communities in both mosquitoes and their larval breeding sites following chronic exposure to a cocktail of PAHs consisting of benzo[a]pyrene, benz[a]anthracene, chrysene and benzo[b]fluoranthene. Our findings showed that PAHs have a stage-specific effect on mosquito microbiota, with a higher impact in larvae than in adults, contributing to 12.5 % and 4.5 % of the PAHs-induced variations, respectively. The presence of PAHs in the treated mesocosm led to the enrichment of bacterial families and genera known for their ability to catabolize PAHs, such as Comamonadaceae and Raoultella (increasing from 19 % to 30 % and from 1.2 % to 5.6 %, respectively). Conversely, prevalent taxa found in mosquito microbiota like Wolbachia and Cedecea exhibited a reduction (decreasing from 4 % to 0.8 % and from 12.8 % to 6.4 %, respectively). This reduction could be attributed to the competitive advantage gained by PAH-degrading taxa, or it could reflect a direct sensitivity to PAH exposure. Overall, this indicates a shift in microbiota composition favoring bacteria that can thrive in a PAH-contaminated environment. PAHs persisted in the water of breeding sites only the first 45 days of the experiment. Benzo[a]pyrene and benzo[b]fluoranthene were more susceptible to bioaccumulation in larval tissues over time. Overall, this study enhances our understanding of the impact of pollution on mosquitoes and could facilitate future research on the importance of symbiosis in urban-dwelling insect disease vectors. Given the recent advancements in the generation of axenic (microbe-free) and gnotobiotic (mosquitoes with a defined or specific microbiota) mosquitoes, further studies are needed to explore how changes in microbiota composition could influence mosquito responses to pollution, particularly in relation to host fitness, immunity, and vector competence.},
}
@article {pmid39447058,
year = {2024},
author = {Hess, O and van der Deure, T and Bolander, M and Leal Dutra, C and Shik, JZ},
title = {The evolution of thermal performance curves in fungi farmed by attine ant mutualists in aboveground or belowground microclimates.},
journal = {Journal of evolutionary biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/jeb/voae135},
pmid = {39447058},
issn = {1420-9101},
abstract = {Fungi are abundant and ecologically important at a global scale, but little is known about whether their thermal adaptations are shaped by biochemical constraints (i.e. the Hotter is Better Model, HBM) or evolutionary tradeoffs (i.e., the Specialist Generalist Model, SGM). We tested these hypotheses by generating thermal performance curves (TPCs) of fungal cultivars farmed by six species of Panamanian fungus-farming 'attine' ants. These fungi represent evolutionary transitions in farming strategies as four cultivars are farmed by ants belowground at stable temperatures near 25°C and two cultivars are farmed aboveground at variable temperatures. We generated TPCs using a common garden experiment confining fungal isolates to different temperatures and then used a Bayesian hierarchical modeling approach to compare competing temperature sensitivity models. Some thermal performance traits differed consistently across farming strategies, with aboveground cultivars having: 1) higher tolerance to low temperatures (CTLmin) and 2) higher maximum growth rate at the optimal temperature (rmax). However, two core assumptions shared by the HBM or SGM were not supported as aboveground cultivars did not show systematic increases in either their optimal temperature (Topt) or thermal tolerance breadth. These results harness ant farming systems as long-term natural experiments to decouple the effects of environmental thermal variation and innate physiological temperature sensitivity on fungal thermal evolution. The results have clear implications for predicting climate warming induced breaking points in animal-microbe mutualisms.},
}
@article {pmid39446969,
year = {2024},
author = {Nashat, LH and Haleem, RA and Ali, SH},
title = {Molecular identification and antimicrobial potential of endophytic fungi against some grapevine pathogens.},
journal = {PloS one},
volume = {19},
number = {10},
pages = {e0309041},
pmid = {39446969},
issn = {1932-6203},
mesh = {*Vitis/microbiology ; *Endophytes/physiology ; *Fungi ; Plant Diseases/microbiology/prevention &amp; control ; Fusarium/physiology ; },
abstract = {Endophytic fungi are microorganisms that, exhibiting within the plant tissues without causing any apparent harm to the host, establish a symbiotic relationship with plants. Host plants provide endophytic fungi with essential nutrients and a protected environment. In exchange, the fungi can enhance the plant's ability to acquire nutrients. They can also play a crucial role in increasing the host plant's tolerance to various abiotic and biotic stresses. Endophytic fungi can produce a wide range of bioactive compounds, some similar to those found in the host plant. In Iraq's Duhok province of the Kurdistan region, the plant species Vitis vinifera has been explored as a habitat for diverse endophytic microorganisms across various ecological environments. During the period from 2021 to 2022, a total of 600 samples were collected from four distinct locations: Bagera, Besfke, Barebhar, and Atrush. From these samples, twelve endophytic fungal species were isolated, including Aspergillus flavipes, Botryosphaeria dothidea, Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium ruscicol, Fusarium venenatum, Chaetomium globosum, Clonostachys rosea, Mucor racemosus, Penicillium glabrum, Aspergillus terreus, Aspergillus nidulans, and Aspergillus niger, Alternaria alternata, Paecilomyces maximus, Curvularia buchloes. These fungi were introduced for their potential as biocontrol agents against grapevine trunk diseases and grape rotting fungi, which pose significant risks to grapevine health and productivity. Penicilium radiatolobatum, Botrysphaeria dothidea, Fusarium ruscicola, Fusarium venenatum, and Paecilomyces maximus represented the first record as endophytes on grapevine in Iraq. Based on ITS and SSU sequencing, molecular identification confirmed these fungi's presence with sequence identities ranging from 99% to 100%. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that these endophytes could be categorized into five main clusters (A, B, C, D, and E), showing high intra-group similarity. Utilizing the Dual Culture method, the endophyte Paecilomyces maximus demonstrated a 70.83% inhibition rate against Ilyonectria destructans. In the Food Poisoning method, A. flavipes and P. maximus emerged as the most effective inhibitors of Ilyonectria destructans, whereas A. terreus, M. racemosus, and P. maximus achieved complete inhibition (100%) of Botrytis cinerea. Additionally, M. racemosus was identified as the most effective biocontrol agent against Neoscytalidium dimidiatum. In conclusion, the study emphasizes the potential of endophytic fungi from Vitis vinifera as effective biocontrol agents against grapevine diseases, highlighting their role in sustainable vineyard management. These findings lead to further exploration and implementation of these fungi-inserted pest management strategies.},
}
@article {pmid39446239,
year = {2024},
author = {Amran, RH and Jamal, MT and Bowrji, S and Sayegh, F and Santanumurti, MB and Satheesh, S},
title = {Mini review: antimicrobial compounds produced by bacteria associated with marine invertebrates.},
journal = {Folia microbiologica},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {39446239},
issn = {1874-9356},
abstract = {The marine environment is considered one of the most important ecosystems with high biodiversity. Microorganisms in this environment are variable and coexist with other marine organisms. The microbes associated with other marine organisms produce compounds with biological activity that may help the host's defense against invading organisms. The symbiotic association of bacteria with marine invertebrates is of ecological and biotechnological importance. Biologically active metabolites isolated from bacteria associated with marine invertebrates are considered potential sources of natural antimicrobial molecules for treating infectious diseases. Many studies have been conducted to screen the antimicrobial activity of metabolites produced by bacteria associated with marine invertebrates. This work provides an overview of the advancements in antimicrobial compound research on bacteria associated with marine invertebrates.},
}
@article {pmid39445820,
year = {2024},
author = {Keller-Costa, T and Madureira, S and Fernandes, AS and Kozma, L and Gonçalves, JM and Barroso, C and Egas, C and Costa, R},
title = {Genome sequence of the marine alphaproteobacterium Lentilitoribacter sp. EG35 isolated from the temperate octocoral Eunicella gazella.},
journal = {Microbiology resource announcements},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e0087224},
doi = {10.1128/mra.00872-24},
pmid = {39445820},
issn = {2576-098X},
abstract = {We report the genome sequence of Lentilitoribacter sp. strain EG35 isolated from the octocoral Eunicella gazella sampled off the coast of Portugal. We reveal the coding potential for the biosynthesis of polyhydroxyalkanoates - biodegradable polyesters that may serve bioplastics production, diverse homoserine lactone-like communication signals, and four putatively novel natural products.},
}
@article {pmid39445008,
year = {2024},
author = {Heidari, M and Maleki Vareki, S and Yaghobi, R and Karimi, MH},
title = {Microbiota activation and regulation of adaptive immunity.},
journal = {Frontiers in immunology},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1429436},
pmid = {39445008},
issn = {1664-3224},
mesh = {*Adaptive Immunity ; Humans ; Animals ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome/immunology ; Homeostasis/immunology ; Dysbiosis/immunology ; Intestinal Mucosa/immunology/microbiology ; Symbiosis/immunology ; },
abstract = {In the mucosa, T cells and B cells of the immune system are essential for maintaining immune homeostasis by suppressing reactions to harmless antigens and upholding the integrity of intestinal mucosal barrier functions. Host immunity and homeostasis are regulated by metabolites produced by the gut microbiota, which has developed through the long-term coevolution of the host and the gut biome. This is achieved by the immunological system's tolerance for symbiote microbiota, and its ability to generate a proinflammatory response against invasive organisms. The imbalance of the intestinal immune system with commensal organisms is causing a disturbance in the homeostasis of the gut microbiome. The lack of balance results in microbiota dysbiosis, the weakened integrity of the gut barrier, and the development of inflammatory immune reactions toward symbiotic organisms. Researchers may uncover potential therapeutic targets for preventing or regulating inflammatory diseases by understanding the interactions between adaptive immunity and the microbiota. This discussion will explore the connection between adaptive immunity and microbiota.},
}
@article {pmid39444680,
year = {2024},
author = {Khara, A and Chakraborty, A and Modlinger, R and Synek, J and Roy, A},
title = {Comparative metagenomic study unveils new insights on bacterial communities in two pine-feeding Ips beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae).},
journal = {Frontiers in microbiology},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1400894},
pmid = {39444680},
issn = {1664-302X},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Climate change has recently boosted the severity and frequency of pine bark beetle attacks. The bacterial community associated with these beetles acts as "hidden players," enhancing their ability to infest and thrive on defense-rich pine trees. There is limited understanding of the environmental acquisition of these hidden players and their life stage-specific association with different pine-feeding bark beetles. There is inadequate knowledge on novel bacterial introduction to pine trees after the beetle infestation. Hence, we conducted the first comparative bacterial metabarcoding study revealing the bacterial communities in the pine trees before and after beetle feeding and in different life stages of two dominant pine-feeding bark beetles, namely Ips sexdentatus and Ips acuminatus. We also evaluated the bacterial association between wild and lab-bred beetles to measure the deviation due to inhabiting a controlled environment.<br><br>RESULTS: Significant differences in bacterial amplicon sequence variance (ASVs) abundance existed among different life stages within and between the pine beetles. However, Pseudomonas, Serratia, Pseudoxanthomonas, Taibaiella, and Acinetobacter served as core bacteria. Interestingly, I. sexdentatus larvae correspond to significantly higher bacterial diversity and community richness and evenness compared to other developmental stages, while I. acuminatus adults displayed higher bacterial richness with no significant variation in the diversity and evenness between the life stages. Both wild and lab-bred I. sexdentatus beetles showed a prevalence of the bacterial family Pseudomonadaceae. In addition, wild I. sexdentatus showed dominance of Yersiniaceae, whereas Erwiniaceae was abundant in lab-bred beetles. Alternatively, Acidobacteriaceae, Corynebacteriaceae, and Microbacteriaceae were highly abundant bacterial families in lab-bred, whereas Chitinophagaceae and Microbacteriaceae were highly abundant in wild I. accuminatus. We validated the relative abundances of selected bacterial taxa estimated by metagenomic sequencing with quantitative PCR.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Our study sheds new insights into bacterial associations in pine beetles under the influence of various drivers such as environment, host, and life stages. We documented that lab-breeding considerably influences beetle bacterial community assembly. Furthermore, beetle feeding alters bacteriome at the microhabitat level. Nevertheless, our study revisited pine-feeding bark beetle symbiosis under the influence of different drivers and revealed intriguing insight into bacterial community assembly, facilitating future functional studies.},
}
@article {pmid39443794,
year = {2024},
author = {Jung, J and Zoppe, SF and Söte, T and Moretti, S and Duprey, NN and Foreman, AD and Wald, T and Vonhof, H and Haug, GH and Sigman, DM and Mulch, A and Schindler, E and Janussen, D and Martínez-García, A},
title = {Coral photosymbiosis on Mid-Devonian reefs.},
journal = {Nature},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {39443794},
issn = {1476-4687},
abstract = {The ability of stony corals to thrive in the oligotrophic (low-nutrient, low-productivity) surface waters of the tropical ocean is commonly attributed to their symbiotic relationship with photosynthetic dinoflagellates[1,2]. The evolutionary history of this symbiosis might clarify its organismal and environmental roles[3], but its prevalence through time, and across taxa, morphologies and oceanic settings, is currently unclear[4-6]. Here we report measurements of the nitrogen isotope ([15]N/[14]N) ratio of coral-bound organic matter (CB-δ[15]N) in samples from Mid-Devonian reefs (Givetian, around 385 million years ago), which represent a constraint on the evolution of coral photosymbiosis. Colonial tabulate and fasciculate (dendroid) rugose corals have low CB-δ[15]N values (2.51 ± 0.97‰) in comparison with co-occurring solitary and (pseudo)colonial (cerioid or phaceloid) rugose corals (5.52 ± 1.63‰). The average of the isotopic difference per deposit (3.01 ± 0.58‰) is statistically indistinguishable from that observed between modern symbiont-barren and symbiont-bearing corals (3.38 ± 1.05‰). On the basis of this evidence, we infer that Mid-Devonian tabulate and some fasciculate (dendroid) rugose corals hosted active photosymbionts, while solitary and some (pseudo)colonial (cerioid or phaceloid) rugose corals did not. The low CB-δ[15]N values of the Devonian tabulate and fasciculate rugose corals relative to the modern range suggest that Mid-Devonian reefs formed in biogeochemical regimes analogous to the modern oligotrophic subtropical gyres. Widespread oligotrophy during the Devonian may have promoted coral photosymbiosis, the occurrence of which may explain why Devonian reefs were the most productive reef ecosystems of the Phanerozoic.},
}
@article {pmid39442659,
year = {2024},
author = {Chen, Z and Zhang, Y and Yang, B and Fan, S and Li, L and Yang, P and Zhang, W},
title = {Revealing the Interplay of Dissolved Organic Matters Variation with Microbial Symbiotic Network in Lime-Treated Sludge Landscaping.},
journal = {Environmental research},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {120216},
doi = {10.1016/j.envres.2024.120216},
pmid = {39442659},
issn = {1096-0953},
abstract = {Lime pretreatment is commonly used for sludge hygienization. Appropriate lime dosage is crucial for achieving both sludge stabilization (lime dosage > 0.2 g/g-TS) and promoting plant and soil health during subsequent landscaping (lime dosage < 0.8 g/g-TS). While much research has been conducted on sludge lime treatment, few studies have examined the effects of lime dosing on integrating sludge stabilization and plant growth promotion during landscaping. In this study, we investigated microbial dynamics and dissolved organic matter (DOM) transformation during sludge landscaping with five lime dosage gradients (0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 g lime/g-TS) over 90 days. Our results showed that a lime dosage of 0.4 g/g-TS is the lower threshold for achieving waste activated sludge (WAS) stabilization during landscaping, leading to maximum humic substance formation and minimal phytotoxicity. Specifically, at 0.4 g/g-TS lime dosage, protein degradation and decarboxylation-induced humification were significantly enhanced. The predominant microbial genera shifted from Aromatoleum to Exiguobacterium and Romboutsia (both affiliated with the phylum Firmicutes). Reactomics analysis further indicated that a 0.4 g/g-TS lime dosage promoted the hydrolysis of proteins (lyase reactions on C-C, C-O, and C-N bonds), amino acid metabolism, and decarboxylation-induced humification (e.g., C1H2O2, C2H4O2, C5H4O2, C6H4O2). The co-occurrence network analysis suggested that the phyla Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Bacteroidetes were key players in DOM transformation. This study provides an in-depth understanding of microbe-mediated DOM transformation during sludge landscaping and identifies the optimal lime dosage for improving sludge landscaping efficiency.},
}
@article {pmid39441990,
year = {2024},
author = {Uppal, S and Waterworth, SC and Nick, A and Vogel, H and Flórez, LV and Kaltenpoth, M and Kwan, JC},
title = {Repeated horizontal acquisition of lagriamide-producing symbionts in Lagriinae beetles.},
journal = {The ISME journal},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/ismejo/wrae211},
pmid = {39441990},
issn = {1751-7370},
abstract = {Microbial symbionts associate with multicellular organisms on a continuum from facultative associations to mutual codependency. In the oldest intracellular symbioses there is exclusive vertical symbiont transmission, and co-diversification of symbiotic partners over millions of years. Such symbionts often undergo genome reduction due to low effective population sizes, frequent population bottlenecks, and reduced purifying selection. Here, we describe multiple independent acquisition events of closely related defensive symbionts followed by genome erosion in a group of Lagriinae beetles. Previous work in Lagria villosa revealed the dominant genome-eroded symbiont of the genus Burkholderia produces the antifungal compound lagriamide, protecting the beetle's eggs and larvae from antagonistic fungi. Here, we use metagenomics to assemble 11 additional genomes of lagriamide-producing symbionts from seven different host species within Lagriinae from five countries, to unravel the evolutionary history of this symbiotic relationship. In each host, we detected one dominant genome-eroded Burkholderia symbiont encoding the lagriamide biosynthetic gene cluster. However, we did not find evidence for host-symbiont co-diversification, or for monophyly of the lagriamide-producing symbionts. Instead, our analyses support a single ancestral acquisition of the gene cluster followed by at least four independent symbiont acquisitions and subsequent genome erosion in each lineage. By contrast, a clade of plant-associated relatives retained large genomes but secondarily lost the lagriamide gene cluster. Our results, therefore, reveal a dynamic evolutionary history with multiple independent symbiont acquisitions characterized by a high degree of specificity, and highlight the importance of the specialized metabolite lagriamide for the establishment and maintenance of this defensive symbiosis.},
}
@article {pmid39441337,
year = {2024},
author = {Shi, J and Lei, Y and Li, Z and Jia, L and He, P and Cheng, Q and Zhang, Z and Lei, Z},
title = {Alteration of Cecal Microbiota by Antimicrobial Peptides Enhances the Rational and Efficient Utilization of Nutrients in Holstein Bulls.},
journal = {Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {39441337},
issn = {1867-1314},
support = {GSA-XMLZ-2021-01//Gansu beef cattle quality fattening project/ ; GSSLCSX-2020-1//the local funding/ ; },
abstract = {We previously observed that supplementation with antimicrobial peptides facilitated the average daily weight gain, net meat, and carcass weights of Holstein bulls. To expand our knowledge of the possible impact of antimicrobial peptides on cecum microbiota, further investigations were conducted. In this study, 18 castrated Holstein bulls with insignificant weight differences and 10 months of age were split randomly into two groups. The control group (CK) was fed a basic diet, whereas the antimicrobial peptide group (AP) was supplemented with 8 g of antimicrobial peptides for 270 days. After slaughter, metagenomic and metabolomic sequencing analyses were performed on the cecum contents. The results showed significantly higher levels of amylase, cellulase, protease, and lipase in the CK than in the AP group (P ≤ 0.05). The levels of β-glucosidase and xylanase (P ≤ 0.05), and acetic and propionic acids (P ≤ 0.01), were considerably elevated in the AP than in the CK group. The metagenome showed variations between the two groups only at the bacterial level, and 3258 bacteria with differences were annotated. A total of 138 differential abundant genes (P < 0.05) were identified in the CAZyme map, with 65 genes more abundant in the cecum of the AP group and 48 genes more abundant in the cecum of the CK group. Metabolomic analysis identified 68 differentially expressed metabolites. Conjoint analysis of microorganisms and metabolites revealed that Lactobacillus had the greatest impact on metabolites in the AP group and Brumimicrobium in the CK group. The advantageous strains of the AP group Firmicutes bacterium CAG:110 exhibited a strong symbiotic relationship with urodeoxycholic acid and hyodeoxycholic acid. This study identified the classification characteristics, functions, metabolites, and interactions of cecal microbiota with metabolites that contribute to host growth performance. Antimicrobial peptides affect the cecal microorganisms, making the use of nutrients more efficient. The utilization of hemicellulose in the cecum of ruminants may contribute more than cellulose to their production performance.},
}
@article {pmid39441269,
year = {2024},
author = {Artemov, O and Lytvynenko, M and Chumachenko, I and Bondarenko, A and Dotsenko, N and Ostapchuk, K and Koshelnyk, O and Gargin, V},
title = {THE INFLUENCE OF THE DEMODEX MITE ON THE MORPHOLOGICAL PICTURE OF EYELID PAPILLOMA.},
journal = {Georgian medical news},
volume = {},
number = {352-353},
pages = {50-54},
pmid = {39441269},
issn = {1512-0112},
mesh = {Humans ; Animals ; *Papilloma/pathology/parasitology/diagnostic imaging ; *Mites ; Eyelid Neoplasms/pathology/parasitology/diagnostic imaging ; Male ; Female ; Mite Infestations/pathology/parasitology ; Aged ; Keratosis, Actinic/pathology ; Middle Aged ; },
abstract = {UNLABELLED: The aim of work is description of new observations related to the participation of demodex in tumor morphogenesis with goal to study the example of eyelid papilloma, imagine the connection between the presence of the demodex mite and certain changes in the typical histomorphological picture of the neoplasm.<br><br>MATERIALS AND METHODS: Histomorphological examination covers biopsy and operative material of eye pathology with diagnosis of neoplasm (eyelid papilloma and actinic keratosis (senile keratosis, senile keratoma, solar keratosis)) were selected, with special attention paid to the presence of horn cysts. Agile methodologies were employed to manage the research workflow effectively.<br><br>RESULTS: As a result of the conducted histomorphological examination, in 24 cases (48%), patterns pathognomonic for demodectic infection were found. Such patterns, which could indicate the presence of a demodex mite, were cystic formations, as well as fragments of a dead parasite. We noted their presence not only in the tumor tissue, but also in the adjacent hair follicles, sebaceous glands, and subepidermal stroma. It is no coincidence that the authors who previously noted the presence of pigmented elements in keratopapillomas or seborrheic keratomas could not explain their origin, resorting to putting forward such fantastic assumptions as the presence of "symbiosis of melanoblasts and epithelial cells, which ensures the transfer of pigment from the first to the second".<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Histomorphological study of serial sections allows us to see the successive stages of transformation of cavity intratissue defects created by the activity of the mite into horn cysts. Cavity defects are the main evidence of demodectic infestation. They occur in basal cell and squamous cell carcinomas, xanthomas, sebaceous adenomas, etc. tumors of the eyelids, but only in keratoacanthomas and senile keratomas they can turn into corneal cysts, which can be assumed to be due to the differentiating potential of these neoplasms.},
}
@article {pmid39440990,
year = {2024},
author = {Iriart, V and Rarick, EM and Ashman, TL},
title = {Rhizobial variation, more than plant variation, mediates plant symbiotic and fitness responses to herbicide stress.},
journal = {Ecology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e4426},
doi = {10.1002/ecy.4426},
pmid = {39440990},
issn = {1939-9170},
support = {1747452//National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship Program/ ; //Botanical Society of America/ ; //Phipps Conservatory and Botanical Gardens, Botany in Action Fellowship/ ; //Graduate Women in Science/ ; },
abstract = {Symbiotic mutualisms provide critical ecosystem services throughout the world. Anthropogenic stressors, however, may disrupt mutualistic interactions and impact ecosystem health. The plant-rhizobia symbiosis promotes plant growth and contributes to the nitrogen (N) cycle. While off-target herbicide exposure is recognized as a significant stressor impacting wild plants, we lack knowledge about how it affects the symbiotic relationship between plants and rhizobia. Moreover, we do not know whether the impact of herbicide exposure on symbiotic traits or plant fitness might be ameliorated by plant or rhizobial genetic variation. To address these gaps, we conducted a greenhouse study where we grew 17 full-sibling genetic families of red clover (Trifolium pratense) either alone (uninoculated) or in symbiosis with one of two genetic strains of rhizobia (Rhizobium leguminosarum) and exposed them to a concentration of the herbicide dicamba that simulated "drift" (i.e., off-target atmospheric movement) or a control solution. We recorded responses in immediate vegetative injury, key features of the plant-rhizobia mutualism (nodule number, nodule size, and N fixation), mutualism outcomes, and plant fitness (biomass). In general, we found that rhizobial variation more than plant variation determined outcomes of mutualism and plant fitness in response to herbicide exposure. Herbicide damage response depended on plant family, but also whether plants were inoculated with rhizobia and if so, with which strain. Rhizobial strain variation determined nodule number and size, but this was herbicide treatment-dependent. In contrast, strain and herbicide treatment independently impacted symbiotic N fixation. And while herbicide exposure significantly reduced plant fitness, this effect depended on inoculation state. Furthermore, the differential fitness benefits that the two rhizobial strains provided plants seemed to diminish under herbicidal conditions. Altogether, these findings suggest that exposure to low levels of herbicide impact key components of the plant-rhizobia mutualism as well as plant fitness, but genetic variation in the partners determines the magnitude and/or direction of these effects. In particular, our results highlight a strong role of rhizobial strain identity in driving both symbiotic and plant growth responses to herbicide stress.},
}
@article {pmid39440244,
year = {2024},
author = {Abdelsattar, M and Soliman, MS and Mohamed, RA and Radwan, KH and El-Mahdy, MM and Mousa, KH and Khalil, SRM and Osman, E and Alameldin, HF and Hussein, A and Hassanein, SE and Abdallah, NA and Alsamman, AM and Osama, O},
title = {Transcriptomic insights into mycorrhizal interactions with tomato root: a comparative study of short- and long-term post-inoculation responses.},
journal = {Frontiers in genetics},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1434761},
pmid = {39440244},
issn = {1664-8021},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) refers to a symbiotic association between plant roots and fungi that enhances the uptake of mineral nutrients from the soil and enables the plant to tolerate abiotic and biotic stresses. Although previously reported RNA-seq analyses have identified large numbers of AM-responsive genes in model plants, such as Solanum lycopersicum L., further studies are underway to comprehensively understand the complex interactions between plant roots and AM, especially in terms of the short- and long-term responses after inoculation.<br><br>RESULTS: Herein, we used RNA-seq technology to obtain the transcriptomes of tomato roots inoculated with the fungus Rhizophagus irregularis at 7 and 30&#xa0;days post inoculation (dpi). Of the 1,019 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in tomato roots, 635 genes showed differential expressions between mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal associations at the two time points. The number of upregulated DEGs far exceeded the number of downregulated ones at 7 dpi, and this difference decreased at 30&#xa0;dpi. Several notable genes were particularly involved in the plant defense, plant growth and development, ion transport, and biological processes, namely, GABAT, AGP, POD, NQO1, MT4, MTA, and AROGP3. In addition, the Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes pathway enrichment analysis revealed that some of the genes were involved in different pathways, including those of ascorbic acid (AFRR, GME1, and APX), metabolism (CYP, GAPC2, and CAM2), and sterols (CYC1 and HMGR), as well as genes related to cell division and cell cycle (CDKB2 and PCNA).<br><br>CONCLUSION: These findings provide valuable new data on AM-responsive genes in tomato roots at both short- and long-term postinoculation stages, enabling the deciphering of biological interactions between tomato roots and symbiotic fungi.},
}
@article {pmid39439270,
year = {2024},
author = {Ashif, K and Rabeesh, T},
title = {Pathogenicity of Bacillus subtilis Against Symbiotic Fungus of Euwallacea fornicates (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) From South India.},
journal = {Journal of basic microbiology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e2400455},
doi = {10.1002/jobm.202400455},
pmid = {39439270},
issn = {1521-4028},
support = {//This study was supported by the National Tea Research Foundation (grant no. 208/2019)./ ; },
abstract = {In India, the shot-hole borer, Euwallacea fornicates, commonly known as the tea borer, infests the galleries of tea plant twigs under natural conditions and is a major pest of tea. The current investigation focuses on the antagonistic ability of Bacillus subtilis to directly inhibit the growth of plant pathogens in two different climatic regions of tea-growing area. The evaluation reveals that (a) B. subtilis can directly suppress the growth of plant pathogens (b) in the in vitro evaluation; the B. subtilis suppressed the growth of the Fusarium ambrossium, which is the nourishment for the ambrosia beetle, (c) it also revealed that the antagonistic microbes and the entomopathogens are able to control the pest population of the shot hole borer of tea. The impact of B. subtilis on mycelial growth, sporulation, and spore germination of F. ambrosium in agar medium was observed. In the field condition on the post-treatment assessments shows an average decline of 40% in both foliar and soil drenching. Hence, we recommend the antagonistic bacterium B. subtilis for including as an IPM for the management of shot hole borer in tea.},
}
@article {pmid39439269,
year = {2024},
author = {Gao, J and Wang, C and Tian, PC and Liu, C and Ahsan, T and Wei, Y and Huang, YQ and Zhang, SH},
title = {Peanut-Colonized Piriformospora indica Enhanced Drought Tolerance by Modulating the Enzymes and Expression of Drought-Related Genes.},
journal = {Journal of basic microbiology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e2400305},
doi = {10.1002/jobm.202400305},
pmid = {39439269},
issn = {1521-4028},
support = {//This research was supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China, National Key Research and Development Program (No. 2022YFA1304401-05) and Basic Scientific Research Projects of Colleges and Universities in Liaoning Province (No. LJKMZ20221044)./ ; },
abstract = {Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is an important cash and oil seed crop, mostly distributed in arid and semi-arid areas. In recent years, due to the influence of atmospheric circulation anomalies and other factors, drought has become frequent and increasingly serious in China. This has posed serious challenges to peanut production. The objective of this study was to investigate the potential of the endophytic fungus Piriformospora indica to form a symbiotic relationship with peanut plants and to evaluate the drought tolerance of P. indica-colonized peanut plants subjected to a simulated drought stress treatment using 20% polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG6000). The endophytic fungus P. indica affected the physiological characteristics of the host plant by colonizing the plant roots, thereby conferring greater resistance to drought stress. This fungus strongly colonized the roots of peanuts and was found to enhance root activity after 24 h of P. indica colonization under PEG6000. Catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) activities were increased at 24 h in peanut leaves colonized with P. indica. Expression of drought-related genes, such as AhNCED1, AhP5CS, and DREB2A was upregulated at 24 h of P. indica colonization. In addition, after PEG6000 treatment, proline, soluble protein, and abscisic acid (ABA) concentrations in plants were increased, while the accumulation of malondialdehyde (MDA), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was decreased in P. indica colonized peanut. In conclusion, P. indica mediated peanut plant protection against the detrimental effects of drought resulted from enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities, and the upregulated expression of drought-related genes for lower membrane damage.},
}
@article {pmid39439005,
year = {2024},
author = {Yang, M and Song, Y and Ma, H and Li, Z and Ding, J and Yin, T and Niu, K and Sun, S and Qi, J and Lu, G and Fazal, A and Yang, Y and Wen, Z},
title = {Unveiling the hidden world: How arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and its regulated core fungi modify the composition and metabolism of soybean rhizosphere microbiome.},
journal = {Environmental microbiome},
volume = {19},
number = {1},
pages = {78},
pmid = {39439005},
issn = {2524-6372},
support = {2023M731604//China Postdoctoral Science Foundation/ ; 2023T160299//China Postdoctoral Science Foundation/ ; 42377327//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 32101383//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; IRT_14R27//Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University/ ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The symbiosis between arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and plants often stimulates plant growth, increases agricultural yield, reduces costs, thereby providing significant economic benefits. AMF can also benefit plants through affecting the rhizosphere microbial community, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Using Rhizophagus intraradices as a model AMF species, we assessed how AMF influences the bacterial composition and functional diversity through 16 S rRNA gene sequencing and non-targeted metabolomics analysis in the rhizosphere of aluminum-sensitive soybean that were inoculated with pathogenic fungus Nigrospora oryzae and phosphorus-solubilizing fungus Talaromyces verruculosus in an acidic soil.<br><br>RESULTS: The inoculation of R. intraradices, N. oryzae and T. verruculosus didn't have a significant influence on the levels of soil C, N, and P, or various plant characteristics such as seed weight, crude fat and protein content. However, their inoculation affected the structure, function and nutrient dynamics of the resident bacterial community. The co-inoculation of T. verruculosus and R. intraradices increased the relative abundance of Pseudomonas psychrotolerans, which was capable of N-fixing and was related to cry-for-help theory (plants signal for beneficial microbes when under stress), within the rhizosphere. R. intraradices increased the expression of metabolic pathways associated with the synthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, which was known to enhance plant resistance under adverse environmental conditions. The inoculation of N. oryzae stimulated the stress response inside the soil environment by enriching the polyene macrolide antifungal antibiotic-producing bacterial genus Streptomyces in the root endosphere and upregulating two antibacterial activity metabolic pathways associated with steroid biosynthesis pathways in the rhizosphere. Although inoculation of pathogenic fungus N. oryzae enriched Bradyrhizobium and increased soil urease activity, it had no significant effects on biomass and N content of soybean. Lastly, the host niches exhibited differences in the composition of the bacterial community, with most N-fixing bacteria accumulating in the endosphere and Rhizobium vallis only detected in the endosphere.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Our findings demonstrate that intricate interactions between AMF, associated core fungi, and the soybean root-associated ecological niches co-mediate the regulation of soybean growth, the dynamics of rhizosphere soil nutrients, and the composition, function, and metabolisms of the root-associated microbiome in an acidic soil.},
}
@article {pmid39437785,
year = {2024},
author = {Pedinotti, L and Teyssendier de la Serve, J and Roudaire, T and San Clemente, H and Aguilar, M and Kohlen, W and Frugier, F and Frei Dit Frey, N},
title = {The CEP peptide-CRA2 receptor module promotes arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis.},
journal = {Current biology : CB},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.cub.2024.09.058},
pmid = {39437785},
issn = {1879-0445},
abstract = {C-terminally encoded peptides (CEPs) are small secreted signaling peptides that promote nitrogen-fixing root nodulation symbiosis in legumes, depending on soil mineral nitrogen availability.[1] In Medicago truncatula, their action is mediated by the leucine-rich repeat receptor-like protein kinase COMPACT ROOT ARCHITECTURE 2 (CRA2).[2][,][3][,][4] Like most land plants, under inorganic phosphate limitation, M. truncatula establishes another root endosymbiotic interaction with arbuscular fungi, the arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis (AMS). Because this interaction is beneficial for the plant but has a high energetic cost, it is tightly controlled by host plants to limit fungal infections mainly depending on phosphate availability.[5] We show in this study that the expression of a subset of CEP-encoding genes is enhanced in the low-phosphate conditions and that overexpression of the low-phosphate-induced MtCEP1 gene, previously shown to promote the nitrogen-fixing root nodulation symbiosis, enhances AMS from the initial entry point of the fungi. Conversely, a loss-of-function mutation of the CRA2 receptor required for mediating CEP peptide action[2] decreases the endomycorrhizal interaction from the same initial fungal entry stage. Transcriptomic analyses revealed that the cra2 mutant is negatively affected in the regulation of key phosphate transport and response genes as well as in the biosynthesis of strigolactone hormones that are required for establishing AMS. Accordingly, strigolactone contents were drastically decreased in cra2 mutant roots. Overall, we showed that the CEP/CRA2 pathway promotes both root nodulation and AMS in legume plants, depending on soil mineral nutrient availability.},
}
@article {pmid39437688,
year = {2024},
author = {Zhang, B and Hu, X and Zhao, D and Wang, Y and Qu, J and Tao, Y and Kang, Z and Yu, H and Zhang, J and Zhang, Y},
title = {Harnessing microbial biofilms in soil ecosystems: Enhancing nutrient cycling, stress resilience, and sustainable agriculture.},
journal = {Journal of environmental management},
volume = {370},
number = {},
pages = {122973},
doi = {10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.122973},
pmid = {39437688},
issn = {1095-8630},
abstract = {Soil ecosystems are complex networks of microorganisms that play pivotal roles in nutrient cycling, stress resilience, and the provision of ecosystem services. Among these microbial communities, soil biofilms, and complex aggregations of microorganisms embedded within extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) exert significant influence on soil health and function. This review delves into the dynamics of soil biofilms, highlighting their structural intricacies and the mechanisms by which they facilitate nutrient cycling, and discusses how biofilms enhance the degradation of pollutants through the action of extracellular enzymes and horizontal gene transfer, contributing to soil detoxification and fertility. Furthermore, the role of soil biofilms in stress resilience is underscored, as they form symbiotic relationships with plants, bolstering their growth and resistance to environmental stressors. The review also explores the ecological functions of biofilms in enhancing soil structure stability by promoting aggregate formation, which is crucial for water retention and aeration. By integrating these insights, we aim to provide a comprehensive understanding of the multifaceted benefits of biofilms in soil ecosystems. This knowledge is essential for developing strategies to manipulate soil biofilms to improve agricultural productivity and ecological sustainability. This review also identifies research gaps and emphasizes the need for practical applications of biofilms in sustainable agriculture.},
}
@article {pmid39437468,
year = {2024},
author = {Lei, J and Dan, Q and Yan, W and Liu, T and Kuzyakov, Y and Wang, W and Xu, Y and Liu, J and Fang, Y and Wang, J and Wu, X},
title = {Response of bacterial and fungal composition in tailings to Mn pollution.},
journal = {Journal of hazardous materials},
volume = {480},
number = {},
pages = {136223},
doi = {10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.136223},
pmid = {39437468},
issn = {1873-3336},
abstract = {Microorganisms are crucial for natural remediation of heavy metal pollution in mining areas. The regional survey and process analysis of Mn mine microbes is still limited. We investigated microbial species composition in tailings and adjacent soils of seven typical Mn mining areas in wet mid-subtropical China. The Mn bioavailable content in tailings was 55 times higher than in soils. Compared to soils, the heavy metal pollution in tailings reduced the hydrolase activities and microbial species diversity by 97 % and 38 %, respectively. The co-occurrence network of bacterial and fungal species in tailings was dominated by symbiosis and synergism, and their network complexity was lower than that in soils. Linear discriminant analysis of effect size revealed that Ralstonia, Acidisoma, and Talaromyces were the species most stimulated by Mn pollution because their relative and absolute abundance in tailings was much higher than those in soils (p < 0.001). These key species defined the co-occurrence networks and affected metabolic pathways of microbial communities. Electrical conductivity and its interaction with Mn bioavailability strongly affected tailings microbial key species. This work identified the key species adapted to extreme Mn pollution in tailings, which can be used for bioremediation and maintenance of ecosystem functions in Mn-contaminated soils.},
}
@article {pmid39436151,
year = {2024},
author = {Isenberg, RY and Holschbach, CS and Gao, J and Mandel, MJ},
title = {Functional analysis of cyclic diguanylate-modulating proteins in Vibrio fischeri.},
journal = {mSystems},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e0095624},
doi = {10.1128/msystems.00956-24},
pmid = {39436151},
issn = {2379-5077},
abstract = {As bacterial symbionts transition from a motile free-living state to a sessile biofilm state, they must coordinate behavior changes suitable to each lifestyle. Cyclic diguanylate (c-di-GMP) is an intracellular signaling molecule that can regulate this transition, and it is synthesized by diguanylate cyclase (DGC) enzymes and degraded by phosphodiesterase (PDE) enzymes. Generally, c-di-GMP inhibits motility and promotes biofilm formation. While c-di-GMP and the enzymes that contribute to its metabolism have been well studied in pathogens, considerably less focus has been placed on c-di-GMP regulation in beneficial symbionts. Vibrio fischeri is the sole beneficial symbiont of the Hawaiian bobtail squid (Euprymna scolopes) light organ, and the bacterium requires both motility and biofilm formation to efficiently colonize. c-di-GMP regulates swimming motility and cellulose exopolysaccharide production in V. fischeri. The genome encodes 50 DGCs and PDEs, and while a few of these proteins have been characterized, the majority have not undergone comprehensive characterization. In this study, we use protein overexpression to systematically characterize the functional potential of all 50 V. fischeri proteins. All 28 predicted DGCs and 10 of the 14 predicted PDEs displayed at least one phenotype consistent with their predicted function, and a majority of each displayed multiple phenotypes. Finally, active site mutant analysis of proteins with the potential for both DGC and PDE activities revealed potential activities for these proteins. This work presents a systems-level functional analysis of a family of signaling proteins in a tractable animal symbiont and will inform future efforts to characterize the roles of individual proteins during lifestyle transitions.IMPORTANCECyclic diguanylate (c-di-GMP) is a critical second messenger that mediates bacterial behaviors, and Vibrio fischeri colonization of its Hawaiian bobtail squid host presents a tractable model in which to interrogate the role of c-di-GMP during animal colonization. This work provides systems-level characterization of the 50 proteins predicted to modulate c-di-GMP levels. By combining multiple assays, we generated a rich understanding of which proteins have the capacity to influence c-di-GMP levels and behaviors. Our functional approach yielded insights into how proteins with domains to both synthesize and degrade c-di-GMP may impact bacterial behaviors. Finally, we integrated published data to provide a broader picture of each of the 50 proteins analyzed. This study will inform future work to define specific pathways by which c-di-GMP regulates symbiotic behaviors and transitions.},
}
@article {pmid39434237,
year = {2024},
author = {Li, R and Shi, W and Zhang, P and Ma, J and Zou, R and Zhang, X and Kohler, A and Martin, FM and Zhang, F},
title = {The poplar SWEET1c glucose transporter plays a key role in the ectomycorrhizal symbiosis.},
journal = {The New phytologist},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/nph.20183},
pmid = {39434237},
issn = {1469-8137},
support = {2022YFD2201200//National Key Research and Development Program of China/ ; 31901279//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 32271829//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; ANR-11-LABX-0002-01//Laboratory of Excellence ARBRE/ ; },
abstract = {The mutualistic interaction between ectomycorrhizal fungi and trees is characterized by the coordinated exchange of soil nutrients with soluble sugars. Despite the importance of this process, the precise mechanism by which sugars are transported from host roots to colonizing hyphae remains unclear. This study aimed to identify the specific membrane transporters responsible for the unloading of sugars at the symbiotic interface, with a focus on the role of the root Sugars Will Eventually Be Exported Transporter (SWEET) uniporters. Our study used RNA sequencing and quantitative PCR to identify PtaSWEET gene expression in Populus tremula × alba-Laccaria bicolor ectomycorrhizal root tips. Our results suggest that symbiosis-induced PtaSWEET1c is primarily responsible for transporting glucose and sucrose, as demonstrated by the yeast assays. Moreover, we used a promoter-YFP reporter to confirm the localization of the PtaSWEET1c expression in cortical cells of ectomycorrhizal rootlets, supporting its major role in supplying glucose at the symbiotic interface. Furthermore, our observations confirmed the localization of PtaSWEET1c-GFP in the plasma membrane. The inactivation of PtaSWEET1c reduced ectomycorrhizal root formation and [13]C translocation to ectomycorrhizal roots. Our findings highlight the crucial role of PtaSWEET1c in facilitating glucose and sucrose transport at the symbiotic interface of Populus-L. bicolor symbiosis.},
}
@article {pmid39433905,
year = {2024},
author = {Morales-Cruz, A and Baumgart, LA},
title = {Harnessing symbiotic bacteria for disease control.},
journal = {Nature reviews. Microbiology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {39433905},
issn = {1740-1534},
}
@article {pmid39433552,
year = {2024},
author = {Tian, L and An, M and Liu, F and Zhang, Y},
title = {Fungal community characteristics of the last remaining habitat of three paphiopedilum species in China.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {14},
number = {1},
pages = {24737},
pmid = {39433552},
issn = {2045-2322},
mesh = {China ; *Soil Microbiology ; *Orchidaceae/microbiology ; *Ecosystem ; *Soil/chemistry ; *Mycobiome ; *Fungi/classification/genetics/isolation &amp; purification ; Biodiversity ; Mycorrhizae/genetics/classification ; Nitrogen/analysis ; },
abstract = {Paphiopedilum armeniacum, Paphiopedilum wenshanense and Paphiopedilum emersonii are critically endangered wild orchids. Their populations are under severe threat, with a dramatic decline in the number of their natural distribution sites. Ex situ conservation and artificial breeding are the keys to maintaining the population to ensure the success of ex situ conservation and field return in the future. The habitat characteristics and soil nutrient information of the last remaining wild distribution sites of the three species were studied. ITS high-throughput sequencing was used to reveal the composition and structure of the soil fungal community, analyze its diversity and functional characteristics, and reveal its relationship with soil nutrients. The three species preferred to grow on low-lying, ventilated and shaded declivities with good water drainage. There were significant differences in soil alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen and available phosphorus among the three species. There were 336 fungal species detected in the samples. On average, there were different dominant groups in the soil fungal communities of the three species. The functional groups of soil fungi within their habitats were dominated by saprophytic fungi and ectomycorrhizae, with significant differences in diversity and structure. The co-occurrence network of habitat soil fungi was mainly positive. Soil pH significantly affected soil fungal diversity within their habitats of the three paphiopedilum species. The study confirmed that the dominant groups of soil fungi were significantly correlated with soil nutrients. The three species exhibit comparable habitat inclinations, yet they display substantial variations in the composition, structure, and diversity of soil fungi. The fungal functional group is characterized by a rich presence of saprophytic fungi, a proliferation of ectomycorrhizae, and a modest occurrence of orchid mycorrhizae. The symbiotic interactions among the soil fungi associated with these three species are well-coordinated, enhancing their resilience against challenging environmental conditions. There is a significant correlation between soil environmental factors and the composition of soil fungal communities, with pH emerging as a pivotal factor regulating fungal diversity. Our research into the habitat traits and soil fungal ecosystems of the three wild Paphiopedilum species has established a cornerstone for prospective ex situ conservation measures and the eventual reestablishment of these species in their native landscapes.},
}
@article {pmid39432413,
year = {2024},
author = {Marasco, R and Michoud, G and Seferji, KA and Gonella, E and Garuglieri, E and Rolli, E and Alma, A and Mapelli, F and Borin, S and Daffonchio, D and Crotti, E},
title = {Sorlinia euscelidii gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel acetic acid bacterium isolated from the leafhopper Euscelidius variegatus (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae).},
journal = {International journal of systematic and evolutionary microbiology},
volume = {74},
number = {10},
pages = {},
pmid = {39432413},
issn = {1466-5034},
mesh = {Animals ; *Hemiptera/microbiology ; *Phylogeny ; *RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics ; *Fatty Acids/analysis/chemistry ; *DNA, Bacterial/genetics ; *Acetobacteraceae/classification/genetics/isolation &amp; purification ; *Base Composition ; *Bacterial Typing Techniques ; *Sequence Analysis, DNA ; *Multilocus Sequence Typing ; Genome, Bacterial ; Acetic Acid/metabolism ; },
abstract = {Acetic acid bacteria - belonging to the Acetobacteraceae family - are found in the gut of many sugar-feeding insects. In this study, six strains have been isolated from the hemipteran leafhopper Euscelidius variegatus. While they exhibit high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities to uncultured members of the Acetobacteraceae family, they could not be unequivocally assigned to any particular type species. Considering the clonality of the six isolates, the EV16P[T] strain was used as a representative of this group of isolates. The genome sequence of EV16P[T] is composed of a 2.388 Mbp chromosome, with a DNA G+C content of 57 mol%. Phylogenetic analyses based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence and whole-genome multilocus sequence analysis indicate that EV16P[T] forms a monophyletic clade with the uncultivated endosymbiont of Diaphorina citri, the Candidatus Kirkpatrickella diaphorinae. Such a phylogenetic clade is positioned between those of Asaia-Swaminathania and Kozakia. The genomic distance metrics based on gene and protein sequences support the proposal that EV16P[T] is a new species belonging to a yet-undescribed genus. It is a rod-shaped Gram-stain-negative bacterium, strictly aerobic, non-motile, non-spore-forming, showing optimal growth without salt (NaCl) at 30 °C and pH of 6-7. The major quinone is Q10, and the dominant cellular fatty acids (>10%) are C18:l ω7c, C19 : 0 cyclo ω6c, C16 : 0 and C19 : 1 2OH. The polar lipid profile comprises diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine, along with unidentified aminophospholipids, glycophospholipids, aminolipids and lipids. Based on a polyphasic approach, including phylogenetic, phylogenomic, genome relatedness, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characterisations, EV16P[T] (= KCTC 8296[T], = DSM 117028[T]) is proposed as a representative of a novel species in a novel genus with the proposed name Sorlinia euscelidii gen. nov., sp. nov., in honour of Prof. Claudia Sorlini, an Italian environmental microbiologist at the University of Milan who inspired the research on microbial diversity, including symbiosis in plants and animals.},
}
@article {pmid39431789,
year = {2024},
author = {Bickerstaff, JRM and Walsh, T and Court, L and Pandey, G and Ireland, K and Cousins, D and Caron, V and Wallenius, T and Slipinski, A and Rane, R and Escalona, HE},
title = {Chromosome structural rearrangements in invasive haplodiploid ambrosia beetles revealed by the genomes of Euwallacea fornicatus (Eichhoff) and Euwallacea similis (Ferrari) (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae).},
journal = {Genome biology and evolution},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/gbe/evae226},
pmid = {39431789},
issn = {1759-6653},
abstract = {Bark and ambrosia beetles are among the most ecologically and economically damaging introduced plant pests worldwide. Life history traits including polyphagy, haplodiploidy, inbreeding polygyny and symbiosis with fungi contribute to their dispersal and impact. Species vary in their interactions with host trees, with many attacking stressed or recently dead trees, such as the globally distributed E. similis (Ferrari). Other species, like the Polyphagous Shot Hole Borer (PSHB) Euwallacea fornicatus (Eichhoff), can attack over 680 host plants and is causing considerable economic damage in several countries. Despite their notoriety, publicly accessible genomic resources for Euwallacea Hopkins species are scarce, hampering our understanding of their invasive capabilities as well as modern control measures, surveillance and management. Using a combination of long and short read sequencing platforms we assembled and annotated high quality (BUSCO > 98% complete) pseudo-chromosome level genomes for these species. Comparative macro-synteny analysis identified an increased number of pseudo-chromosome scaffolds in the haplodiploid inbreeding species of Euwallacea compared to diploid outbred species, due to fission events. This suggests that life history traits can impact chromosome structure. Further, the genome of E. fornicatus had a higher relative proportion of repetitive elements, up to 17% more, than E. similis. Metagenomic assembly pipelines identified microbiota associated with both species including Fusarium fungal symbionts and a novel Wolbachia strain. These novel genomes of haplodiploid inbreeding species will contribute to the understanding of how life history traits are related to their evolution and to the management of these invasive pests.},
}
@article {pmid39431326,
year = {2024},
author = {Tan, X and Zhou, J and Yang, L and Chang, Q and Li, SY and Rockenbauer, A and Song, Y and Liu, Y},
title = {Simultaneous Quantitation of Persulfides, Biothiols, and Hydrogen Sulfide through Sulfur Exchange Reaction with Trityl Spin Probes.},
journal = {Journal of the American Chemical Society},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1021/jacs.4c10266},
pmid = {39431326},
issn = {1520-5126},
abstract = {Reactive sulfur species (RSS) including persulfides (RSSHs), biothiols, and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) are key regulators in various physiological processes. To better understand the symbiotic relationship and interconversion of these RSS, it is highly desirable but challenging to develop analytical techniques that are capable of detecting and quantifying them. Herein, we report the rational design and synthesis of novel trityl-radical-based electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) probes dubbed CT02-TNB and OX-TNB. CT02-TNB underwent fast sulfur exchange reactions with two reactive RSSHs (PS1 and PS2) which were released from their corresponding donors PSD1 and PSD2 to afford the specific conjugates. The resulting conjugates exhibit characteristic EPR spectra, thus enabling discriminative detection and quantitation of the two RSSHs. Moreover, CT02-TNB showed good response toward other RSS including glutathione (GSH), cysteine (Cys), H2S, and sulfite as well. Importantly, based on the updated EPR spectral simulation program, simultaneous quantitation of multiple RSS (e.g., PS1/GSH/Cys or PS1/GSH/H2S) by CT02-TNB was also achieved. Finally, the levels of released PS1 from PSD1 and endogenous GSH in isolated mouse livers were measured by the hydrophilic OX-TNB. This work represents the first study achieving discriminative and quantitative detection of different persulfides and other RSS by a spectroscopic method.},
}
@article {pmid39431113,
year = {2024},
author = {Liu, Y and Zhang, F and Devireddy, AR and Ployet, RA and Rush, TA and Lu, H and Hassan, MM and Yuan, G and Rajput, R and Islam, MT and Agrawal, R and Abraham, PE and Chen, JG and Muchero, W and Martin, F and Veneault-Fourrey, C and Yang, X},
title = {A small secreted protein serves as a plant-derived effector mediating symbiosis between Populus and Laccaria bicolor.},
journal = {Horticulture research},
volume = {11},
number = {10},
pages = {uhae232},
pmid = {39431113},
issn = {2662-6810},
}
@article {pmid39427233,
year = {2024},
author = {Milbrath, LR and Biazzo, J},
title = {Phenology, voltinism, and brood development of Xylosandrus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) ambrosia beetles in New York.},
journal = {Journal of insect science (Online)},
volume = {24},
number = {5},
pages = {},
pmid = {39427233},
issn = {1536-2442},
support = {#8062-22410-007-000D//USDA-Agricultural Research Service/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Weevils/microbiology/growth &amp; development/physiology ; New York ; Female ; *Symbiosis ; Oviposition ; Seasons ; Male ; },
abstract = {The ambrosia beetles Xylosandrus germanus (Blanford) and Xylosandrus crassiusculus (Motschulsky) are nonnative pests in orchards and nurseries in North America. They construct galleries in the sapwood of stressed woody hosts and culture a symbiotic fungus as food for their offspring. Preventing attacks is preferred but a better understanding of their biology may elucidate additional avenues for control. Recent phenological studies are lacking for X. germanus that is common in New York, and biological information on brood and gallery development is lacking for the less abundant X. crassiusculus. We conducted both outdoor rearing and laboratory studies to better understand the timing of key events in the maturation of their galleries, particularly associated with the symbiotic fungi. Two and a partial third summer generation were consistently observed over 2 yr for X. germanus; and thus, 3 flights of adult females (foundresses) occurred each summer from mid-April to late September. In both the field and laboratory, initial growth of the symbiotic fungus occurs within a few days of gallery initiation. The rapid development of the reproductive tract and oviposition by X. germanus appears to be stimulated by the presence of the fungus. Fungal, reproductive, and brood development are similar for the related X. crassiusculus in laboratory studies; the 2 species mainly appear to differ in size. The lag between beetle colonization and reproduction currently seems too brief to be exploited for management. Disruption of other stages in gallery development should also be explored to minimize the beetle damage if attacks cannot be prevented.},
}
@article {pmid39426225,
year = {2024},
author = {Javanmiri, E and Rahimi, S and Karimi Torshizi, MA and Nabiyan, S and Behnamifar, A and Grimes, J},
title = {Comparison of the effect of anticoccidial drug, probiotic, synbiotic, phytochemicals and vaccine in prevention and control of coccidiosis in broiler chickens challenged with Eimeria spp.},
journal = {Poultry science},
volume = {103},
number = {12},
pages = {104357},
doi = {10.1016/j.psj.2024.104357},
pmid = {39426225},
issn = {1525-3171},
abstract = {The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of an anti-coccidiosis drug, vaccine, probiotic, symbiotic, and phytochemicals in the prevention and control of coccidia infection in broilers. A total of 525 one-day-old Ross 308 chicks were randomly allocated to 7 experimental diets with 5 replicates of 15 birds each in a completely randomized design. Experimental diets consisted of negative control (NC) without any additives and not challenged. The other 6 groups were challenged with mixed Eimeria and fed the basal diet with no additives (Positive Control, PC) or supplemented with Coxidine 100 (1 g / 1 kg), probiotic, synbiotic, Livacox T vaccine and phytobiotic additives based on the manufacturer's recommended dose. Body weight gain (WG), feed intake (FI) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were recorded weekly. Oocysts per gram of excreta (OPG) were determined on d 25 to 33 and 42. One bird per cage was euthanized to analyze lesion score and jejunum and ileum inflammatory genes expression. Coccidial challenge reduced WG (P < 0.05) during 15 to 28 d and vaccine treatment was more effective in improving WG and FCR on d 29 to 42 and 1 to 42 (P < 0.05) than other treatments. Birds in the PC group had higher (P < 0.05) OPG than NC group for all days and the vaccine treatment resulted in the lowest rate of OPG compared to other treatments (P < 0.05) at 27, 28, 29, 30, 32, and 33 d of age and overall average. Relative mRNA levels of IFN-γ, IL-1β and IL-10 were significantly upregulated among treatments under coccidiosis challenge in jejunum and ileum except for IL-1β expression in the ileum. In conclusion, based on the results of this study the individual characteristics of feed additives for the prevention of coccidiosis can be different depending on the type and source of feed additives, duration, and amount used, levels of oocyst inoculation and Eimeria types.},
}
@article {pmid39426083,
year = {2024},
author = {Rodríguez-Mínguez, E and Calzada, J and Sánchez, C and Vázquez, M and Ávila, M and Garde, S and Picon, A},
title = {Symbiotic sheep milk cheese containing Moringa oleifera extract and Bifidobacterium pseudolongum INIA P2.},
journal = {International journal of food microbiology},
volume = {427},
number = {},
pages = {110942},
doi = {10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2024.110942},
pmid = {39426083},
issn = {1879-3460},
abstract = {Healthy non-bovine functional dairy products are reaching high interest among consumers. In the present study, an aqueous polyphenol-rich Moringa oleifera extract (MoE) and a Bifidobacterium strain of human origin (B. pseudolongum INIA P2) were added, alone or in combination, for the manufacture of three experimental and one control sheep milk cheeses. In general, addition of 2.05 g of lyophilized MoE per 100 g of curd did not affect cheese dry matter or lactococci starter counts during ripening. B. pseudolongum INIA P2 showed good viability in cheese during ripening, and after simulated major gastrointestinal conditions, reaching levels above 7 log CFU / g of cheese. Cheeses with MoE showed lower pH, higher proteolysis and aminopeptidase activity than control cheese. MoE impoved functional properties, significantly (P < 0.01) increasing total phenolic content (TPC) and, especially, antioxidant capacity, with respect to control cheese. MoE modified cheese colour and volatile profile. Cheeses with MoE were darker in colour with higher red and yellow components than control cheese. Several volatile compounds were only detected in cheeses with MoE, indicating their plant origin. On top of that, increased levels of compounds originating from amino acid catabolism were present in these cheeses, as a result of their higher proteolytic and peptidolytic indexes. The symbiotic cheese with MoE and B. pseudolongum INIA P2 could confer beneficial effects on consumers' health by increasing polyphenol bioavailability and contributing to the host antioxidant capacity.},
}
@article {pmid39424841,
year = {2024},
author = {Piromyou, P and Pruksametanan, N and Nguyen, HP and Songwattana, P and Wongdee, J and Nareephot, P and Greetatorn, T and Teamtisong, K and Tittabutr, P and Boonkerd, N and Sato, S and Boonchuen, P and Okazaki, S and Teaumroong, N},
title = {NopP2 effector of Bradyrhizobium elkanii USDA61 is a determinant of nodulation in Vigna radiata cultivars.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {14},
number = {1},
pages = {24541},
pmid = {39424841},
issn = {2045-2322},
support = {grant number N11A670769//JSPS-NRCT by National Research Council of Thailand/ ; B13F660055//NSRF via the Program Management Unit for Human Resources &amp; Institutional Development, Research, and Innovation/ ; grant number 195582//Thailand Science Research and Innovation (TSRI) and National Science Research and Innovation Fund (NSRF)/ ; },
mesh = {*Bradyrhizobium/physiology/genetics ; *Symbiosis ; *Plant Root Nodulation ; *Vigna/microbiology/genetics ; Bacterial Proteins/metabolism/genetics ; Phylogeny ; Plant Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; },
abstract = {The symbiotic relationship between legumes and rhizobia is known to be influenced by specific rhizobial type III effectors (T3Es) in certain cases. In this study, we present evidence that the symbiosis between Vigna radiata and Bradyrhizobium elkanii USDA61 is controlled by a T3E called NopP2, and this interaction is highly dependent on the genetic makeup of the host plant. NopP2 plays a crucial role in promoting nodulation in various V. radiata varieties. Additionally, NopP2 is essential for early infection and the formation of nodules in compatible plants. Through evolutionary analysis, we discovered that bradyrhizobial NopPs can be categorized into two distinct clusters: NopP1 and NopP2. Furthermore, both types of bradyrhizobial NopPs were conserved within their respective groups. Our findings suggest that NopP2 serves as a mechanism for optimizing the symbiotic relationship between V. radiata and B. elkanii USDA61 by interacting with the pathogenesis related-10 (PR10) protein and reducing effector-triggered immunity (ETI) responses.},
}
@article {pmid39424807,
year = {2024},
author = {Fan, K and Xiao, Z and Wang, L and Cheung, WL and Wong, FL and Zhang, F and Li, MW and Lam, HM},
title = {Transcriptomes of soybean roots and nodules inoculated with Sinorhizobium fredii with NopP and NopI variants.},
journal = {Scientific data},
volume = {11},
number = {1},
pages = {1146},
pmid = {39424807},
issn = {2052-4463},
mesh = {*Glycine max/microbiology/genetics ; *Sinorhizobium fredii/genetics ; *Symbiosis ; *Transcriptome ; *Bacterial Proteins/genetics ; *Root Nodules, Plant/microbiology ; *Plant Roots/microbiology ; Nitrogen Fixation/genetics ; },
abstract = {The major crop, soybean, forms root nodules with symbiotic rhizobia, providing energy and carbon to the bacteria in exchange for bioavailable nitrogen. The relationship is host-specific and highly host-regulated to maximize energy efficiency. Symbiotic nitrogen fixation (SNF) is greener than synthetic fertilizer for replenishing soil fertility, contributing to yield increase. Nodulation Outer Protein P (NopP) and NopI of the type 3 secretion system (T3SS) of the rhizobium determine host specificity. Sinorhizobium fredii CCBAU25509 (R2) and CCBAU45436 (R4) have different NopP and NopI variants, affecting their respective symbiotic compatibilities with the cultivated soybean C08 and the wild soybean W05. Swapping the NopP variants between R2 and R4 has been shown to switch their compatibility with C08 with the rj2/Rfg1 genotype. To understand the effects of Nops on host compatibility, analyses on the transcriptomic data of W05 roots and nodules inoculated with S. fredii strains containing Nop variants uncovered many differentially expressed genes related to nodulation and nodule functions, providing important information on the effects of Nops on hosts and nodules.},
}
@article {pmid39424036,
year = {2024},
author = {Wang, Y and Li, X and You, L and Hu, S and Fang, J and Hu, B and Chen, Z},
title = {Enhancement of PFAS Stress Tolerance and Wastewater Treatment Efficiency by Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Constructed Wetlands.},
journal = {Environmental research},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {120148},
doi = {10.1016/j.envres.2024.120148},
pmid = {39424036},
issn = {1096-0953},
abstract = {This study aims to explore the effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on the growth of Iris pseudacorus L. and treatment efficacy in constructed wetlands (CWs) subjected to stress from per-and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFASs). The findings reveal that PFASs exposure induces oxidative damage and inhibits the growth of I. pseudacorus. However, AMF symbiosis enhances plant tolerance to PFAS stress by modulating oxidative responses. AMF treatment not only promoted plant growth but also improved photosynthetic efficiency under PFAS exposure. Compared to non-AMF treatment, those with AMF treatment exhibited significantly increased levels of peroxidases and antioxidant enzymes, including peroxidase and superoxide dismutase, along with a notable reduction in lipid peroxidation. Additionally, AM symbiosis markedly enhanced the efficacy of CWs in the remediation of wastewater under PFASs-induced stress, with removal efficiencies for COD, TP, TN, and NH4[+]-N increasing by 19-34%, 67-180%, 106-137%, and 25-95%, respectively, compared to the AMF- treatments. In addition, the metabolic pathways of PFASs appeared to be influenced by their carbon chain length, with long-chain PFASs like perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluoro anionic acid (PFNA) exhibiting more complex pathways compared to short-chain PFASs such as perfluoro acetic acid (PFPeA), and perfluoro hexanoic acid (PFHpA). These results suggest that AMF-plant symbiosis can enhance plant resilience against PFAS-induced stress and improve the pollutant removal efficiency of CWs. This study highlights the significant potential of AMF in enhancing environmental remediation strategies, providing new insights for the more effective management of PFAS-contaminated ecosystems.},
}
@article {pmid39423687,
year = {2024},
author = {Radić, T and Vuković, R and Gaši, E and Kujundžić, D and Čarija, M and Balestrini, R and Sillo, F and Gambino, G and Hančević, K},
title = {Tripartite interactions between grapevine, viruses, and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi provide insights into modulation of oxidative stress responses.},
journal = {Journal of plant physiology},
volume = {303},
number = {},
pages = {154372},
doi = {10.1016/j.jplph.2024.154372},
pmid = {39423687},
issn = {1618-1328},
abstract = {Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can be beneficial for plants exposed to abiotic and biotic stressors. Although widely present in agroecosystems, AMF influence on crop responses to virus infection is underexplored, particularly in woody plant species such as grapevine. Here, a two-year greenhouse experiment was set up to test the hypothesis that AMF alleviate virus-induced oxidative stress in grapevine. The 'Merlot' cultivar was infected with three grapevine-associated viruses and subsequently colonized with two AMF inocula, containing one or three species, respectively. Five and fifteen months after AMF inoculation, lipid peroxidation - LPO as an indicator of oxidative stress and indicators of antioxidative response (proline, ascorbate - AsA, superoxide dismutase - SOD, ascorbate- APX and guaiacol peroxidases - GPOD, polyphenol oxidase - PPO, glutathione reductase - GR) were analysed. Expression of genes coding for a stilbene synthase (STS1), an enhanced disease susceptibility (EDS1) and a lipoxygenase (LOX) were determined in the second harvesting. AMF induced reduction of AsA and SOD over both years, which, combined with not AMF-triggered APX and GR, suggests decreased activation of the ascorbate-glutathione cycle. In the mature phase of the AM symbiosis establishment GPOD emerged as an important mechanism for scavenging H2O2 accumulation. These results, together with reduction in STS1 and increase in EDS1 gene expression, suggest more efficient reactive oxygen species scavenging in plants inoculated with AMF. Composition of AMF inocula was important for proline accumulation. Overall, our study improves the knowledge on ubiquitous grapevine-virus-AMF systems in the field, highlighting that established functional AM symbiosis could reduce virus-induced stress.},
}
@article {pmid39423563,
year = {2024},
author = {Gomberg, AF and Grossman, AD},
title = {It's complicated: relationships between integrative and conjugative elements and their bacterial hosts.},
journal = {Current opinion in microbiology},
volume = {82},
number = {},
pages = {102556},
doi = {10.1016/j.mib.2024.102556},
pmid = {39423563},
issn = {1879-0364},
abstract = {Integrative and conjugative elements (ICEs) are typically found integrated in a bacterial host chromosome. They can excise, replicate, and transfer from cell to cell. Many contain genes that confer phenotypes to host cells, including antibiotic resistances, specialized metabolisms, phage defense, and symbiosis or pathogenesis determinants. Recent studies revealed that at least three ICEs (ICEclc, Tn916, and TnSmu1) cause growth arrest or death of host cells upon element activation. This review highlights the complex interactions between ICEs and their hosts, including the recent examples of the significant costs to host cells. We contrast two examples of killing, ICEclc and Tn916, in which killing, respectively, benefits or impairs conjugation and emphasize the importance of understanding the impacts of ICE-host relationships on conjugation. ICEs are typically only active in a small fraction of cells in a population, and we discuss how phenotypes normally occurring in a small subset of host cells can be uncovered.},
}
@article {pmid39423537,
year = {2024},
author = {Juárez-Trujillo, N and Ortiz-Basurto, RI and Chacón-López, MA and Martinez-Gutierrez, F and Pascual-Pineda, LA and Montalvo-González, E and Jiménez-Fernández, M},
title = {Effect of the drying methods on the stabilization of symbiotic microbeads produced by ionic gelation.},
journal = {Food chemistry},
volume = {464},
number = {Pt 1},
pages = {141546},
doi = {10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.141546},
pmid = {39423537},
issn = {1873-7072},
abstract = {Lactobacillus salivarius was encapsulated by ionic gelation using high polymerization degree agave fructans and sodium alginate to obtain symbiotic microspheres stabilized by different drying methods. The microbeads were characterized by physicochemical, reconstitution, microstructure, thermal, radiographic and infrared properties. The viability of L. salivarius was evaluated for one month at 4 °C and under in vitro gastrointestinal conditions. The ionic gelation-drying technique allowed an encapsulation efficiency greater than 90 %. Oven-dried microbeads showed higher viability under in vitro gastrointestinal conditions. Freeze-drying microbeads showed higher viability during storage at 4 °C, and spray-dried microbeads showed a more notable survival at 40 °C after one month of storage. All samples showed up to 7 log CFU/g of viability after in vitro digestion, which is a benefit for consumer health. It was concluded that the ionic gelation-drying process allows obtaining dry microbeads with the potential to be added to various food products.},
}
@article {pmid39422492,
year = {2024},
author = {Lu, F and Huang, T and Chen, R and Yin, H},
title = {Multi-omics analysis reveals the interplay between pulmonary microbiome and host in immunocompromised patients with sepsis-induced acute lung injury.},
journal = {Microbiology spectrum},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e0142424},
doi = {10.1128/spectrum.01424-24},
pmid = {39422492},
issn = {2165-0497},
abstract = {UNLABELLED: The mechanisms behind the high inflammatory state and immunocompromise in severe sepsis remain unclear. While microbiota's role in immune regulation is known, the impact of pulmonary microbiota on sepsis progression is not fully understood. This study aims to investigate pulmonary microbial characteristics in septic patients and their relationship with host immune-related genes and clinical features. Fifty-four sepsis patients were divided into the immunocompromised host (ICH) group (n = 18) and the control group (n = 36). Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was analyzed using metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) to assess the pulmonary microbiome, and transcriptomic sequencing evaluated host gene expression. The pulmonary microbiota network in the ICH group showed notable alterations. Symbiotic bacteria like Streptococcus salivarius and Streptococcus oralis were key taxa in the control group. In contrast, opportunistic pathogens such as Campylobacter concisus and Prevotella melaninogenica, typically linked to infections in various body sites, dominated in the ICH group. Transcriptomic analysis revealed differential genes between the two groups. The downregulated differential genes in the ICH group were primarily enriched in pathways related to T-cell activation and the Type I interferon signaling pathway, both crucial for the immune system. Further correlation analysis identified significant associations between certain microbes and host genes, as well as clinical indicators, particularly with species like Campylobacter concisus, Streptococcus salivarius, Streptococcus oralis, and several species of Veillonella. These findings suggest that alterations in the pulmonary microbiome, especially the presence of opportunistic pathogens, may contribute to immune dysregulation in immunocompromised septic patients, warranting further research to explore causal relationships.<br><br>IMPORTANCE: Recent research has substantiated the significant role of microbiota in immune regulation, which could influence high inflammatory state and immunocompromise in patients with severe sepsis, as well as provide new opportunities for acute lung injury induced by sepsis diagnosis and treatment. Our study identified some potential critical microbes (Campylobacter concisus and several species of Veillonella), which were correlated with immune-related genes and might be the novel target to regulate immunotherapy in sepsis.},
}
@article {pmid39421892,
year = {2024},
author = {Naveed, WA and Liu, Q and Lu, C and Huang, X},
title = {Unveiling symbiotic bacterial communities in insects feeding on the latex-rich plant Ficus microcarpa.},
journal = {Bulletin of entomological research},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-11},
doi = {10.1017/S0007485324000439},
pmid = {39421892},
issn = {1475-2670},
abstract = {The diversity and health of insects that feed on plants are closely related to their mutualistic symbionts and host plants. These symbiotic partners significantly influence various metabolic activities in these insects. However, the symbiotic bacterial community of toxic plant feeders still needs further characterisation. This study aims to unravel bacterial communities associated with the different species of insect representing three insect orders: Thysanoptera, Hemiptera, and Lepidoptera, along with their predicted functional role, which exclusively feeds on latex-rich plant species Ficus microcarpa. By using 16S rRNA gene high-throughput sequencing, the analysis was able to define the major alignment of the bacterial population, primarily comprising Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidota, Actinobacteriota, and Acidobacteriota. Significant differences in symbiotic organisms between three insect groups were discovered by the study: hemipterans had Burkholderia and Buchnera, and lepidopterans had Acinetobacter. At the same time, Pseudomonas was detected in high abundance in both lepidopteran and thysanopteran insects. Furthermore, these symbionts exhibit consistent core functions, potentially explaining how different insects can consume the same host plant. The identified core functions of symbionts open avenues for innovative approaches in utilising these relationships to develop environment-friendly solutions for pest control, with broader implications for agriculture and environmental conservation.},
}
@article {pmid39421556,
year = {2024},
author = {Ren, W and Zhang, L and Tondre, B and Wang, X and Xu, T},
title = {The rootstock genotype shapes the diversity of pecan (Carya illinoinensis) rhizosphere microbial community.},
journal = {Frontiers in microbiology},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1461685},
pmid = {39421556},
issn = {1664-302X},
abstract = {Pecans (Carya illinoinensis), one of the most valuable native North American nut crops, are commonly propagated through grafting to preserve the desired characteristics from parent trees. Since successful cultivation of pecan trees relies on the interplay among scion varieties, rootstocks, and soil conditions, this study investigated the microbial change to communities in the soils and roots of southern (87MX5-1.7) and northern (Peruque) rootstocks in a rootstock test orchard. Both grafted with the 'Pawnee' scion cultivar. Bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA and fungal ITS were amplified from both roots and rhizosphere soils of the two 10-year-grafted trees, then sequenced and annotated into trophic and nutrient-related groups to characterize the rhizosphere microbiota. The Peruque roots had a higher relative abundance of saprotroph fungi, while 87MX5-1.7 exhibited higher levels of symbiotroph fungi and nitrogen fixation-related bacteria. Among them, the presence of symbiotroph fungi, particularly ectomycorrhizal fungi, notably differed between these two rootstocks, with a significantly higher presence observed in the root of 87MX5-1.7 compared to Peruque. This variation likely leads to divergent pathways of nutrient translocation: Peruque was in favor of multiple fungi (Russula and Inocybe) to gain nutrition, while 87MX5-1.7 preferred a specific domain of fungi (Tuber) and nitrogen fixation-related bacteria (Bradyrhizobia) to form beneficial symbiosis. Moreover, the presence of pathogens suggested a potential risk of Fusarium patch and snow molds in 87MX5-1.7, while canker and black foot disease pose threats in Peruque. The findings of this study suggest that rootstocks from different origins shape rhizosphere microbes differently, potentially affecting nutrient uptake and nut yield. Exploring rootstock-microbe combinations could provide insights into optimizing scion growth and ultimately increasing nut yield. By understanding how different rootstock-microbe interactions influence pecan tree development, growers can strategically select combinations that promote beneficial symbiotic relationships, enhancing nutrient uptake, disease resistance, and overall tree vigor.},
}
@article {pmid39420598,
year = {2024},
author = {Luo, L and Yu, L and Yang, J and Wang, E},
title = {Peptide Signals Regulate Nitrogen Deficiency Adaptation of Dicotyledonous Model Plants.},
journal = {Plant, cell &amp; environment},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/pce.15203},
pmid = {39420598},
issn = {1365-3040},
abstract = {Nitrogen is a crucial macroelement essential for plant growth and development. In Arabidopsis Thaliana, classical phytohormones such as auxin and cytokinin orchestrate local and systemic signalling networks coordinate plant growth and development in response to nitrogen deficiency. Nowadays, emerging signalling pathways involving small peptides like CLAVATA3/EMBRYO SURROUNDINGR REGION (CLE) and C-TERMINALLY ENCODED PEPTIDE (CEP) and their corresponding kinase receptors, also regulate Arabidopsis' adaptation to nitrogen scarcity. Unlike Arabidopsis, which adapts to nitrogen deficiency by changing root development, legumes have the unique ability to form nitrogen-fixing root nodules through symbiotic interactions with soil rhizobia. During the symbiotic nodulation in Medicago, CLE and CEP peptides and their receptors consist of an autoregulatory network governing the number of nodules in accordance with the soil nitrogen level. Additionally, other plant peptides, such as phytosulfokine (PSK) and root meristem growth factors (RGF), have been identified as new regulators of leguminous root nodule development under nitrogen-limited condition. However, the precise mechanism by which these peptides coordinate nitrogen deficiency response and the development of nitrogen-fixing organs remains to be fully elucidated. This review summarises the adaptive strategies of dicotyledons to nitrogen deficiency, with a particular focus on the regulation of Medicago nitrogen-fixing nodule development by the peptides.},
}
@article {pmid39420440,
year = {2024},
author = {Khalil, A and Bramucci, AR and Focardi, A and Le Reun, N and Willams, NLR and Kuzhiumparambil, U and Raina, JB and Seymour, JR},
title = {Widespread production of plant growth-promoting hormones among marine bacteria and their impacts on the growth of a marine diatom.},
journal = {Microbiome},
volume = {12},
number = {1},
pages = {205},
pmid = {39420440},
issn = {2049-2618},
support = {DP180100838//Australian Research Council Grant/ ; DP180100838//Australian Research Council Grant/ ; FT210100100//Australian Research Council Grant/ ; DP180100838//Australian Research Council Grant/ ; },
mesh = {*Plant Growth Regulators/metabolism ; *Diatoms/growth &amp; development/metabolism ; *Bacteria/metabolism/classification/genetics ; Indoleacetic Acids/metabolism ; Seawater/microbiology ; Phytoplankton/growth &amp; development/metabolism ; Aquatic Organisms/metabolism/growth &amp; development ; Symbiosis ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Reciprocal exchanges of metabolites between phytoplankton and bacteria influence the fitness of these microorganisms which ultimately shapes the productivity of marine ecosystems. Recent evidence suggests that plant growth-promoting hormones may be key metabolites within mutualistic phytoplankton-bacteria partnerships, but very little is known about the diversity of plant growth-promoting hormones produced by marine bacteria and their specific effects on phytoplankton growth. Here, we aimed to investigate the capacity of marine bacteria to produce 7 plant growth-promoting hormones and the effects of these hormones on Actinocyclus sp. growth.<br><br>RESULTS: We examined the plant growth-promoting hormone synthesis capabilities of 14 bacterial strains that enhance the growth of the common diatom Actinocyclus. Plant growth-promoting hormone biosynthesis was ubiquitous among the bacteria tested. Indeed all 14 strains displayed the genomic potential to synthesise multiple hormones, and mass-spectrometry confirmed that&#xa0;each strain produced at least 6 out of the 7 tested plant growth-promoting hormones. Some of the plant growth-promoting hormones identified here, such as brassinolide and trans-zeatin, have never been reported in marine microorganisms. Importantly, all strains produced the hormone indole-3 acetic acid (IAA) in high concentrations and released it&#xa0;into their surroundings. Furthermore, indole-3 acetic acid extracellular concentrations were positively correlated with the ability of each strain to promote Actinocyclus growth. When inoculated with axenic Actinocyclus cultures, only indole-3 acetic acid and gibberellic acid enhanced the growth of the diatom, with cultures exposed to indole-3 acetic acid exhibiting a two-fold increase in cell numbers.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Our results reveal that marine bacteria produce a much broader range of plant growth-promoting hormones than previously suspected and that some of these compounds enhance the growth of a marine diatom. These findings suggest plant growth-promoting hormones play a large role in microbial communication and broaden our knowledge of their fuctions in the marine environment. Video Abstract.},
}
@article {pmid39419784,
year = {2024},
author = {Roman, A and Koenraadt, CJM and Raymond, B},
title = {Asaia spp. Accelerate development of the yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti, via interactions with the vertically transmitted larval microbiome.},
journal = {Journal of applied microbiology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/jambio/lxae261},
pmid = {39419784},
issn = {1365-2672},
abstract = {AIMS: A wide range of vector control programs rely on the efficient production and release of male mosquito. Asaia bacteria are described as potential symbionts of several mosquito species but their relationship with Aedes aegypti has never been rigorously tested. Here we aimed to quantify the benefits of three Asaia species on host development in Ae. aegypti, and the ability of these bacteria to form a stable symbiotic association with growing larvae.<br><br>METHODS AND RESULTS: In order to disentangle direct and indirect effects of Asaia inoculation on host development, experiments used insects with an intact microbiome and those reared in near-aseptic conditions, while we characterized bacterial communities and Asaia densities with culture dependent and independent methods (16S rRNA amplicon sequencing). Neonate larvae were inoculated with Asaia spp. for 24 hours, or left as uninoculated controls, all were reared on sterile food. Aseptic larvae were produced by surface sterilization of eggs. Although all Asaia were transient members of the gut community, two species accelerated larval development relative to controls. The two mutualistic species had lasting impacts on the larval microbiome, largely by altering the relative abundance of dominant bacteria, namely Klebsiella and Pseudomonas. Axenic larvae were dominated by Asaia when inoculated with this species but showed slower development than conventionally reared insects, indicating that Asaia alone could not restore normal development.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Our results reveal Asaia as a poor mutualist for Ae. aegypti, but with a species-specific positive effect on improving host performance mediated by interactions with other bacteria.},
}
@article {pmid39419400,
year = {2024},
author = {Wei, J and Liu, C and Qin, D and Ren, F and Duan, J and Chen, T and Wu, A},
title = {Targeting Inflammation and Gut Microbiota with Antibacterial Therapy: Implications for Central Nervous System Health.},
journal = {Ageing research reviews},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {102544},
doi = {10.1016/j.arr.2024.102544},
pmid = {39419400},
issn = {1872-9649},
abstract = {The complex symbiotic relationship between inflammation, the gut microbiota, and the central nervous system (CNS) has become a pivotal focus of contemporary biomedical research. Inflammation, as a physiological defense mechanism, plays a dual role as both a protective and pathological factor, and is intricately associated with gut microbiota homeostasis, often termed the "second brain." The gutbrain axis (GBA) exemplifies this multifaceted interaction, where gut health exerts significantly regulatory effects on CNS functions. Antibacterial therapies represent both promising and challenging strategies for modulating inflammation and gut microbiota composition to confer CNS benefits. However, while such therapies may exert positive modulatory effects on the gut microbiota, they also carry the potential to disrupt microbial equilibrium, potentially exacerbating neurological dysfunction. Recent advances have provided critical insights into the therapeutic implications of antibacterial interventions; nevertheless, the application of these therapies in the context of CNS health warrants a judicious and evidence-based approach. As research progresses, deeper investigation into the microbial-neural interface is essential to fully realize the potential of therapies targeting inflammation and the gut microbiota for CNS health. Future efforts should focus on refining antibacterial interventions to modulate the gut microbiota while minimizing disruption to microbial balance, thereby reducing risks and enhancing efficacy in CNS-related conditions. In conclusion, despite challenges, a more comprehensive understanding of the GBA, along with precise modulation through targeted antibacterial therapies, offers significant promise for advancing CNS disorder treatment. Continued research in this area will lead to innovative interventions and improved patient outcomes.},
}
@article {pmid39419224,
year = {2024},
author = {Zhou, Y and Jin, Z and Ren, X and Hong, C and Hua, Z and Zhu, Y and Dong, Y and Li, X},
title = {Symbiotic conserved arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi supports plant health.},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
volume = {955},
number = {},
pages = {176974},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.176974},
pmid = {39419224},
issn = {1879-1026},
abstract = {Arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi (AMF) forms a multi-beneficial symbiotic relationship with the host plant, therefore it is considered to be an effective helper to promote plant health. However, failure to consider the source or universality of AMF is often unstable during application. Therefore, it is necessary to screen potential AMF inoculants based on the source and the relationship with host. In search of more effective and broad-spectrum AMF inoculants, we studied AMF community structure properties of healthy and diseased plants in 24 fields from four sampling sites. The results indicated that the environmental filtering effect of roots was obvious, which was manifested as a decrease of α-diversity from rhizosphere to root. Differences in α-diversity between healthy and diseased roots further indicate the importance of AMF communities within roots for maintaining plant health. Glomus is significantly enriched and dominant in healthy roots, independent of environment and phylogenically conserved. Spores were further isolated and evaluated for their disease-preventing and pro-growth properties. Based on whether they were symbiotic with plant and root-enrichment characteristics, isolated AMF spores were classified as symbiotic conserved, symbiotic non-conserved, and non-symbiotic AMF. After spores were propagated and inoculated to plant roots, only symbiotic conserved AMF significantly promoted plant growth and maintained health, highlighting the potential of symbiotic conserved AMF in sustainable plant production.},
}
@article {pmid39418876,
year = {2024},
author = {Qin, Y and Cheng, K and Jong, MC and Zheng, H and Cai, Z and Xiao, B and Zhou, J},
title = {Symbiotic bacterial communities and carbon metabolic profiles of Acropora coral with varying health status under thermal stress.},
journal = {Marine pollution bulletin},
volume = {209},
number = {Pt A},
pages = {117116},
doi = {10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.117116},
pmid = {39418876},
issn = {1879-3363},
abstract = {Thermal-induced coral bleaching has received substantial research attention; however, the dynamics of symbiotic coral-associated bacterial communities are underexplored and the roles of coral with intermediate health status remain unclear. Using high-throughput sequencing and biochemical analyses, we found that the symbiotic zooxanthellae number gradually decreased with the increase of bleaching degree (non-bleached, semi-bleached, and fully-bleached) in the coral Acropora pruinosa. The semi-bleached host exhibited a relatively more complex microbial interaction network. For the carbon metabolic profiles, relatively higher carbon-fixing abilities observed in non-bleached coral symbiotic bacteria, followed by semi-bleached host, and lowest values appeared in fully-bleached coral. Partial least-squares pathway modeling revealed that bacterial community features and carbon metabolic function were directly related with health status, while temperature exerted a strong influence on the bleaching resilience. These findings can help us better understand the coral microecological feature and carbon metabolic potential under changing environment.},
}
@article {pmid39418129,
year = {2024},
author = {Zeng, S and Wang, S and Lin, Z and Jin, H and Li, H and Yu, H and Li, J and Yu, L and Luo, L},
title = {Functions of the Sinorhizobium meliloti LsrB Substrate-Binding Domain in Oxidized Glutathione Resistance, Alfalfa Nodulation Symbiosis, and Growth.},
journal = {Journal of agricultural and food chemistry},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1021/acs.jafc.4c07925},
pmid = {39418129},
issn = {1520-5118},
abstract = {To successfully colonize legume root nodules, rhizobia must effectively evade host-generated reactive oxygen species (ROS). LsrB, a redox regulator from Sinorhizobium meliloti, is essential for symbiosis with alfalfa (Medicago sativa). The three cysteine residues in LsrB's substrate domain play distinct roles in activating downstream redox genes. The study found that LsrB's substrate-binding domain, dependent on the cysteine residue Cys146, is involved in oxidized glutathione (GSSG) resistance and alfalfa nodulation symbiosis. LsrB homologues from other rhizobia, with Cys172/Cys238 or Cys146, enhance GSSG resistance and complement lsrB mutant's symbiotic nodulation. Substituting amino acids in Azorhizobium caulinodans LsrB with Cys restores lsrB mutant phenotypes. The lsrB deletion mutant shows increased sensitivity to NCR247, suggesting an interaction with host plant-derived NCRs in alfalfa nodules. Our findings reveal that the key cysteine residue in the LsrB's substrate domain is vital for rhizobium-legume symbiosis.},
}
@article {pmid39417594,
year = {2024},
author = {Kho, JW and Jung, M and Lee, DH},
title = {Effects of the symbiotic bacteria, Caballeronia insecticola, on the life history parameters of Riptortus pedestris (Hemiptera: Alydidae) and their implications for the host population growth.},
journal = {Journal of insect science (Online)},
volume = {24},
number = {5},
pages = {},
pmid = {39417594},
issn = {1536-2442},
support = {2021R1A2C1010679//National Research Foundation of Korea/ ; //Basic Science Research Program/ ; RS-2023-00246911//Ministry of Education/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Symbiosis ; Female ; *Nymph/growth &amp; development/physiology/microbiology ; Life History Traits ; Population Growth ; Longevity ; Hemiptera/growth &amp; development/microbiology/physiology ; Heteroptera/growth &amp; development/physiology/microbiology ; Reproduction ; Male ; Fertility ; },
abstract = {This study aimed to investigate the effects of symbiosis on the life history of host insects and address their implications at the host population level. We evaluated the effects of symbiotic bacteria Caballeronia insecticola on its host Riptortus pedestris (Fabricus) (Hemiptera: Alydidae) from cohorts for nymphal development, adult survivorship, and female reproduction. Then, life table parameters were compared between symbiotic and apo-symbiotic groups, and the effects of symbiosis on the abundance of R. pedestris were simulated for varying proportions of symbiotic individuals in host populations. We found that symbiosis significantly accelerated the nymphal development and reproductive maturation of females. However, symbiosis incurred survival cost on adult females, reducing their longevity by 28.6%. Nonetheless, symbiotic females laid significantly greater numbers of eggs than the apo-symbiotic during early adult ages. This early reproductive investment negated the adverse effect of their reduced longevity, resulting in the mean lifetime fecundity to not significantly differ between the 2 groups. Indeed, total cohort fecundity of the symbiotic group was 1.3-fold greater than that of the apo-symbiotic group. Life table analysis demonstrated shorter generation time and greater population growth rate in the symbiotic population. Finally, the simulation model results indicate that an increase in the proportion of symbiotic R. pedestris favored the population growth, increasing the population size by 1.9 times for every 25% increase in the proportion of symbiotic individuals. Our study demonstrates that symbiont-mediated changes in the life history parameters of host individuals favor the host population growth, despite substantial reduction in the female longevity.},
}
@article {pmid39415218,
year = {2024},
author = {Lahrach, Z and Legeay, J and Ahmed, B and Hijri, M},
title = {The composition of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal bacteriome is species dependent.},
journal = {Environmental microbiome},
volume = {19},
number = {1},
pages = {77},
pmid = {39415218},
issn = {2524-6372},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: In addition to their role as endosymbionts for plant roots, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) engage in complex interactions with various soil microorganisms, the rhizosphere, and the root endosphere of host plants. They also host diverse prokaryotic groups within their mycelia, contributing to what is termed multipartite symbiosis. In this study, we examined the impact of three AMF species-Rhizophagus irregularis, R. clarus, and R. cerebriforme-combined with microbial bioaugmentation on the diversity and composition of bacterial communities in the mycelia and hyphosphere. Using a microcosm design to separate the influence of host plant roots from AMF mycelia and Illumina MiSeq amplicon sequencing to analyze the bacterial communities.<br><br>RESULTS: Our results revealed that, while AMF identity and microbial bioaugmentation did not affect the structure of bacterial communities in the hyphosphere soil, they significantly altered the communities associated with their mycelia. Although all three AMF species belong to the same genus, with R. irregularis and R. clarus being closely related compared to R. cerebriforme, we observed variations in the bacterial communities associated with their mycelia. Interestingly, the mycelial bacterial community of R. cerebriforme contained 60 bacteriome core taxa exclusive to it, while R. clarus and R. irregularis had 25 and 9 exclusive taxa, respectively.<br><br>CONCLUSION: This study suggests that organismal phylogeny influences the bacterial communities associated with AMF mycelia. These findings provide new insights into AMF and bacterial interactions, which are crucial for the successful deployment of AMF inoculants. The taxonomic diversity of AMF inoculants is important for engineering the plant microbiome and enhancing ecosystem services.},
}
@article {pmid39415055,
year = {2024},
author = {Barreira-Silva, P and Lian, Y and Kaufmann, SHE and Moura-Alves, P},
title = {The role of the AHR in host-pathogen interactions.},
journal = {Nature reviews. Immunology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {39415055},
issn = {1474-1741},
abstract = {Host-microorganism encounters take place in many different ways and with different types of outcomes. Three major types of microorganisms need to be distinguished: (1) pathogens that cause harm to the host and must be controlled; (2) environmental microorganisms that can be ignored but must be controlled at higher abundance; and (3) symbiotic microbiota that require support by the host. Recent evidence indicates that the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) senses and initiates signalling and gene expression in response to a plethora of microorganisms and infectious conditions. It was originally identified as a receptor that binds xenobiotics. However, it was subsequently found to have a critical role in numerous biological processes, including immunity and inflammation and was recently classified as a pattern recognition receptor. Here we review the role of the AHR in host-pathogen interactions, focusing on AHR sensing of different microbial classes, the ligands involved, responses elicited and disease outcomes. Moreover, we explore the therapeutic potential of targeting the AHR in the context of infection.},
}
@article {pmid39414817,
year = {2024},
author = {Zhou, M and Li, Y and Yao, XL and Zhang, J and Liu, S and Cao, HR and Bai, S and Chen, CQ and Zhang, DX and Xu, A and Lei, JN and Mao, QZ and Zhou, Y and Duanmu, DQ and Guan, YF and Chen, ZC},
title = {Inorganic nitrogen inhibits symbiotic nitrogen fixation through blocking NRAMP2-mediated iron delivery in soybean nodules.},
journal = {Nature communications},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {8946},
pmid = {39414817},
issn = {2041-1723},
mesh = {*Glycine max/metabolism/genetics/microbiology ; *Nitrogen Fixation/drug effects ; *Iron/metabolism ; *Root Nodules, Plant/metabolism ; *Nitrogen/metabolism ; *Symbiosis ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Plant/drug effects ; *Plant Proteins/metabolism/genetics ; *Cation Transport Proteins/metabolism/genetics ; Homeostasis ; Bradyrhizobium/metabolism/genetics ; },
abstract = {Symbiotic nitrogen fixation (SNF) in legume-rhizobia serves as a sustainable source of nitrogen (N) in agriculture. However, the addition of inorganic N fertilizers significantly inhibits SNF, and the underlying mechanisms remain not-well understood. Here, we report that inorganic N disrupts iron (Fe) homeostasis in soybean nodules, leading to a decrease in SNF efficiency. This disruption is attributed to the inhibition of the Fe transporter genes Natural Resistance-Associated Macrophage Protein 2a and 2b (GmNRAMP2a&amp;2b) by inorganic N. GmNRAMP2a&amp;2b are predominantly localized at the tonoplast of uninfected nodule tissues, affecting Fe transfer to infected cells and consequently, modulating SNF efficiency. In addition, we identified a pair of N-signal regulators, nitrogen-regulated GARP-type transcription factors 1a and 1b (GmNIGT1a&amp;1b), that negatively regulate the expression of GmNRAMP2a&amp;2b, which establishes a link between N signaling and Fe homeostasis in nodules. Our findings reveal a plausible mechanism by which soybean adjusts SNF efficiency through Fe allocation in response to fluctuating inorganic N conditions, offering valuable insights for optimizing N and Fe management in legume-based agricultural systems.},
}
@article {pmid39414169,
year = {2024},
author = {Zhang, B and Zhang, N and Sui, H and Xue, R and Qiao, S},
title = {Unique ecology of biofilms and flocs: Bacterial composition, assembly, interaction, and nitrogen metabolism within deteriorated bioreactor inoculated with mature partial nitrification-anammox sludge.},
journal = {Bioresource technology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {131643},
doi = {10.1016/j.biortech.2024.131643},
pmid = {39414169},
issn = {1873-2976},
abstract = {This work unraveled discrepant ecological patterns between biofilms and flocs in a deteriorated bioreactor inoculated with mature partial nitrification-anammox (PN/A) sludge. Based on 16S rRNA analysis, a comprehensive evaluation of neutral and null models, along with niche width, delineated that the bacterial community assembly in biofilms and flocs was dominantly driven by the stochastic process, and dispersal limitation critically shaped the community assembly. Co-occurrence network analysis revealed that environmental stress caused decentralized and fragmented bacterial colonies, and anammox bacteria were mainly peripheral in biofilms network and less involved in interspecific interactions. Simultaneous PN/A and partial denitrification-anammox (PD/A) processes were identified, whereas PN and PD process primarily occurred in the biofilms and flocs, respectively, as evidenced by metagenomics. Collectively, these outcomes are expected to deepen the basic understanding of complex microbial community and nitrogen metabolism under environmental disturbance, thereby better characterizing and serving the artificial ecosystems.},
}
@article {pmid39411438,
year = {2024},
author = {Lv, J and Huo, C and Zhang, J and Huang, Y and Su, Y and Lv, Y and Xie, X and Chen, Z},
title = {Host genotype and age shape the microbial community in the rhizosphere soils of Camellia forests.},
journal = {Frontiers in microbiology},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1440255},
pmid = {39411438},
issn = {1664-302X},
abstract = {Microbiota living in the rhizosphere influences plant growth and fitness, from the opposite perspective; whether host genotypes control its root microbiota is of great interest to forest breeders and microbiologists. To improve low-yield plantations and promote sustainable management of Camellia oleifera, high-throughput sequencing was used to study the chemical properties and microbiome in rhizosphere soil of Camellia forests under three genotypes (common C. oleifera, local C. gauchowensis, and C. chekiangoleosa) and three growth stages (sapling stage at 4-year-old, primary fruit stage at 7-year-old, and full fruiting stage at 11-year-old). The results showed that the rhizosphere soil organic matter (OM), nutrient concentrations, diversity, and community composition of the microbiome were significantly varied among different Camellia genotypes. The relative abundance of symbiotic and pathotrophic fungi in the rhizosphere soil of C. chekiangoleosa was significantly higher than that of C. gauchowensis. Concentrations of OM, available phosphorus (AP), and bacterial alpha diversity increased with tree age. Fungi of Saitozyma, Mortierella, and Glomeromycota and bacteria of Burkholderia-Caballeronia-Paraburkholderia and Vicinamibacterales had potential for fertilizer development for Camellia plantation. Camellia genotypes and growth stages were significantly correlated with the rhizosphere soil pH, OM, and available potassium (AK). Soil pH and OM were key factors that affected the microbiome in the Camellia rhizosphere soils. In conclusion, tree genotypes and growth stages shaped microbial communities in Camellia rhizosphere soils, and some plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria were identified as preliminary candidates for improving Camellia plantation growth.},
}
@article {pmid39411080,
year = {2024},
author = {Innocent, TM and Sapountzis, P and Zhukova, M and Poulsen, M and Schiøtt, M and Nash, DR and Boomsma, JJ},
title = {From the inside out: Were the cuticular Pseudonocardia bacteria of fungus-farming ants originally domesticated as gut symbionts?.},
journal = {PNAS nexus},
volume = {3},
number = {10},
pages = {pgae391},
pmid = {39411080},
issn = {2752-6542},
abstract = {The mutualistic interaction specificity between attine ants and antibiotic-producing Actinobacteria has been controversial because Pseudonocardia strains cannot always be isolated from worker cuticles across attine ant species, while other actinobacteria can apparently replace Pseudonocardia and also inhibit growth of Escovopsis mycopathogens. Here we report that across field samples of Panamanian species: (i) Cuticular Pseudonocardia were largely restricted to species in the crown of the attine phylogeny and their appearance likely coincided with the first attines colonizing Central/North America. (ii) The phylogenetically basal attines almost always had cuticular associations with other Actinobacteria than Pseudonocardia. (iii) The sub-cuticular glands nourishing cuticular bacteria appear to be homologous throughout the phylogeny, consistent with an ancient general attine-Actinobacteria association. (iv) The basal attine species investigated always had Pseudonocardia as gut symbionts while Pseudonocardia presence appeared mutually exclusive between cuticular and gut microbiomes. (v) Gut-associated Pseudonocardia were phylogenetically ancestral while cuticular symbionts formed a derived crown group within the Pseudonocardia phylogeny. We further show that laboratory colonies often secondarily acquire cuticular Actinobacteria that they do not associate with in the field, suggesting that many previous studies were uninformative for questions of co-adaptation in the wild. An exhaustive literature survey showed that published studies concur with our present results, provided that they analyzed field colonies and that Actinobacteria were specifically isolated from worker cuticles shortly after field collection. Our results offer several testable hypotheses for a better overall understanding of attine-Pseudonocardia interaction dynamics and putative coevolution throughout the Americas.},
}
@article {pmid39410839,
year = {2024},
author = {Wang, J and Wang, X and Bian, C and Liu, J and Xiao, B},
title = {Effect of aeration pretreatment on anaerobic digestion of swine manure.},
journal = {Environmental technology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-17},
doi = {10.1080/09593330.2024.2416094},
pmid = {39410839},
issn = {1479-487X},
abstract = {To investigate the effects of aeration pretreatment on the anaerobic digestion (AD) of swine manure, five pretreatment groups were established with dissolved oxygen (DO) in each group set to 0.0, 0.4, 0.8, 1.4, and 2.0 mg/L, respectively. The results demonstrated that compared to the non-aeration group, methane production increased to varying degrees with different aeration pretreatments (AP), with a maximum increase of 27.98% (DO = 2.0 mg/L). AP reduced the hydrogen sulfide (H2S) content of biogas. The H2S concentration in the DO = 2.0 mg/L was only 0.209%, and this represented an increased H2S removal rate of 49.27% compared to that of the DO = 0.0 mg/L (0.412%). Simultaneously, AP increases the hydrolysis rate. When the DO concentration reached 2.0 mg/L, the hydrolysis rate reached its maximum. An increase in the hydrolysis rate further enhanced the removal rate of organic matter. The organic matter removal rate was highest (36.96%) at DO = 2.0 mg/L. AP effectively prolonged the methane generation time and shortened the lag time of methane generation. AP creates a brief micro aerobic environment, accelerates substrate hydrolysis, and promotes the production and consumption of total volatile fatty acids, particularly acetic acid. Additionally, AP promoted the symbiotic relationship between Caldicoprobacter (20.93%-34.96%) and Metanosaeta (14.73%-18.45%).},
}
@article {pmid39409577,
year = {2024},
author = {Bujak, JP and Pereira, AL and Azevedo, J and Bujak, AA and Leshyk, V and Pham Gia, M and Stadtlander, T and Vasconcelos, V and Winstead, DJ},
title = {Azolla as a Safe Food: Suppression of Cyanotoxin-Related Genes and Cyanotoxin Production in Its Symbiont, Nostoc azollae.},
journal = {Plants (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {13},
number = {19},
pages = {},
pmid = {39409577},
issn = {2223-7747},
support = {Research on Emergency Food Resilience project//Contributions made by D. Winstead were supported financially by Open Philanthropy for the Penn State University/ ; },
abstract = {The floating freshwater fern Azolla is the only plant that retains an endocyanobiont, Nostoc azollae (aka Anabaena azollae), during its sexual and asexual reproduction. The increased interest in Azolla as a potential source of food and its unique evolutionary history have raised questions about its cyanotoxin content and genome. Cyanotoxins are potent toxins synthesized by cyanobacteria which have an anti-herbivore effect but have also been linked to neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, liver and kidney failure, muscle paralysis, and other severe health issues. In this study, we investigated 48 accessions of Azolla-Nostoc symbiosis for the presence of genes coding microcystin, nodularin, cylindrospermopsin and saxitoxin, and BLAST analysis for anatoxin-a. We also investigated the presence of the neurotoxin β-N-methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA) in Azolla and N. azollae through LC-MS/MS. The PCR amplification of saxitoxin, cylindrospermospin, microcystin, and nodularin genes showed that Azolla and its cyanobiont N. azollae do not have the genes to synthesize these cyanotoxins. Additionally, the matching of the anatoxin-a gene to the sequenced N. azollae genome does not indicate the presence of the anatoxin-a gene. The LC-MS/MS analysis showed that BMAA and its isomers AEG and DAB are absent from Azolla and Nostoc azollae. Azolla therefore has the potential to safely feed millions of people due to its rapid growth while free-floating on shallow fresh water without the need for nitrogen fertilizers.},
}
@article {pmid39408628,
year = {2024},
author = {Guryanova, SV},
title = {Bacteria and Allergic Diseases.},
journal = {International journal of molecular sciences},
volume = {25},
number = {19},
pages = {},
pmid = {39408628},
issn = {1422-0067},
mesh = {Humans ; *Hypersensitivity/microbiology/immunology ; *Bacteria/metabolism ; Animals ; Microbiota ; },
abstract = {Microorganisms colonize all barrier tissues and are present on the skin and all mucous membranes from birth. Bacteria have many ways of influencing the host organism, including activation of innate immunity receptors by pathogen-associated molecular patterns and synthesis of various chemical compounds, such as vitamins, short-chain fatty acids, bacteriocins, toxins. Bacteria, using extracellular vesicles, can also introduce high-molecular compounds, such as proteins and nucleic acids, into the cell, regulating the metabolic pathways of the host cells. Epithelial cells and immune cells recognize bacterial bioregulators and, depending on the microenvironment and context, determine the direction and intensity of the immune response. A large number of factors influence the maintenance of symbiotic microflora, the diversity of which protects hosts against pathogen colonization. Reduced bacterial diversity is associated with pathogen dominance and allergic diseases of the skin, gastrointestinal tract, and upper and lower respiratory tract, as seen in atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, chronic rhinosinusitis, food allergies, and asthma. Understanding the multifactorial influence of microflora on maintaining health and disease determines the effectiveness of therapy and disease prevention and changes our food preferences and lifestyle to maintain health and active longevity.},
}
@article {pmid39407550,
year = {2024},
author = {Bačkor, M and Kecsey, D and Drábová, B and Urminská, D and Šemeláková, M and Goga, M},
title = {Secondary Metabolites from Australian Lichens Ramalina celastri and Stereocaulon ramulosum Affect Growth and Metabolism of Photobiont Asterochloris erici through Allelopathy.},
journal = {Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {29},
number = {19},
pages = {},
pmid = {39407550},
issn = {1420-3049},
support = {APVV-21-0289//Slovak Research and Development Agency/ ; 008SPU-4/2023, 009UPJS-4/2023//Slovak Grant Agency KEGA/ ; VEGA 1/0252/24//Slovak Grant Agency VEGA/ ; },
mesh = {*Lichens/metabolism/chemistry/growth &amp; development ; *Secondary Metabolism ; *Allelopathy ; Benzofurans/pharmacology/metabolism/chemistry ; Chlorophyll A/metabolism ; Chlorophyll/metabolism ; Ascomycota/metabolism/drug effects ; Carotenoids/metabolism ; Hydroxybenzoates ; },
abstract = {In the present work, the phytotoxic effects of secondary metabolites extracted from lichen Ramalina celastri (usnic acid) and lichen Stereocaulon ramulosum (a naturally occurring mixture of atranorin and perlatolic acid, approx. 3:1) on cultures of the aposymbiotically grown lichen photobiont Asterochloris erici were evaluated. Algae were cultivated on the surface of glass microfiber disks with applied crystals of lichen extracts for 14 days. The toxicity of each extract was tested at the two selected doses in quantities of 0.01 mg/disk and 0.1 mg/disk. Cytotoxicity of lichen extracts was assessed using selected physiological parameters, such as growth (biomass production) of photobiont cultures, content of soluble proteins, chlorophyll a fluorescence, chlorophyll a integrity, contents of chlorophylls and total carotenoids, hydrogen peroxide, superoxide anion, TBARS, ascorbic acid (AsA), reduced (GSH) and oxidized (GSSG) glutathione, and composition of selected organic acids of the Krebs cycle. The application of both tested metabolic extracts decreased the growth of photobiont cells in a dose-dependent manner; however, a mixture of atranorin and perlatolic acid was more effective when compared to usnic acid at the same dose tested. A higher degree of cytotoxicity of extracts from lichen S. ramulosum when compared to identical doses of extracts from lichen R. celastri was also confirmed by a more pronounced decrease in chlorophyll a fluorescence and chlorophyll a integrity, decreased content of chlorophylls and total carotenoids, increased production of hydrogen peroxide and superoxide anion, peroxidation of membrane lipids (assessed as TBARS), and a strong decrease in non-enzymatic antioxidants such as AsA, GSH, and GSSG. The cytotoxicity of lichen compounds was confirmed by a strong alteration in the composition of selected organic acids included in the Krebs cycle. The increased ratio between pyruvic acid and citric acid was a very sensitive parameter of phytotoxicity of lichen secondary metabolites to the algal partner of symbiosis. Secondary metabolites of lichens are potent allelochemicals and play significant roles in maintaining the balance between mycobionts and photobionts, forming lichen thallus.},
}
@article {pmid39407476,
year = {2024},
author = {Kidaj, D and Zamlynska, K and Swatek, A and Komaniecka, I},
title = {The Influence of Rhizobial Nod Factors on the Synthesis of Flavonoids in Common Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench).},
journal = {Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {29},
number = {19},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/molecules29194546},
pmid = {39407476},
issn = {1420-3049},
mesh = {*Fagopyrum/metabolism/chemistry ; *Flavonoids/metabolism ; *Rhizobium/metabolism ; Lipopolysaccharides ; Plant Leaves/metabolism/chemistry ; Plant Roots/metabolism ; Flowers/metabolism/chemistry ; Symbiosis ; Seeds/metabolism/chemistry ; },
abstract = {Flavonoids constitute a class of polyphenolic secondary metabolites synthesised mainly by plants and possessing anticancer, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiviral properties. Common buckwheat (F. esculentum Moench) is a dicotyledonous plant rich in different classes of flavonoids (e.g., rutin) and other phenolic compounds. Lipochitooligosaccharides (LCOs), i.e., rhizobial Nod factors and important signalling molecules for the initiation of symbiosis with legumes, are very effective mitogens that stimulate cell division in plant meristems and the production of secondary metabolites. They can also act in this way in non-legume plants. It has been shown that rhizobial Nod factors noticeably improve plant growth. Rhizobial Nod factors influence the production of flavonoids in common buckwheat grown in greenhouse conditions. The amount of rutin and isoorientin in leaves and flowers has been shown to increase in a statistically significant way after application of Nod factors to buckwheat seeds. The presence of rhizobial Nod factors has no influence on the flavonoid content in stems and roots.},
}
@article {pmid39407345,
year = {2024},
author = {Salgado, JFM and Hervé, V and Vera, MAG and Tokuda, G and Brune, A},
title = {Unveiling lignocellulolytic potential: a genomic exploration of bacterial lineages within the termite gut.},
journal = {Microbiome},
volume = {12},
number = {1},
pages = {201},
pmid = {39407345},
issn = {2049-2618},
mesh = {Animals ; *Isoptera/microbiology ; *Lignin/metabolism ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; Phylogeny ; Bacteria/genetics/classification/isolation &amp; purification/enzymology ; Metagenome ; Polysaccharides/metabolism ; Genome, Bacterial ; Genomics ; Cellulose/metabolism ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The microbial landscape within termite guts varies across termite families. The gut microbiota of lower termites (LT) is dominated by cellulolytic flagellates that sequester wood particles in their digestive vacuoles, whereas in the flagellate-free higher termites (HT), cellulolytic activity has been attributed to fiber-associated bacteria. However, little is known about the role of individual lineages in fiber digestion, particularly in LT.<br><br>RESULTS: We investigated the lignocellulolytic potential of 2223 metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) recovered from the gut metagenomes of 51 termite species. In the flagellate-dependent LT, cellulolytic enzymes are restricted to MAGs of Bacteroidota (Dysgonomonadaceae, Tannerellaceae, Bacteroidaceae, Azobacteroidaceae) and Spirochaetota (Breznakiellaceae) and reflect a specialization on cellodextrins, whereas their hemicellulolytic arsenal features activities on xylans and diverse heteropolymers. By contrast, the MAGs derived from flagellate-free HT possess a comprehensive arsenal of exo- and endoglucanases that resembles that of termite gut flagellates, underlining that Fibrobacterota and Spirochaetota occupy the cellulolytic niche that became vacant after the loss of the flagellates. Furthermore, we detected directly or indirectly oxygen-dependent enzymes that oxidize cellulose or modify lignin in MAGs of Pseudomonadota (Burkholderiales, Pseudomonadales) and Actinomycetota (Actinomycetales, Mycobacteriales), representing lineages located at the hindgut wall.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study refine our concept of symbiotic digestion of lignocellulose in termite guts, emphasizing the differential roles of specific bacterial lineages in both flagellate-dependent and flagellate-independent breakdown of cellulose and hemicelluloses, as well as a so far unappreciated role of oxygen in the depolymerization of plant fiber and lignin in the microoxic periphery during gut passage in HT. Video Abstract.},
}
@article {pmid39018107,
year = {2024},
author = {Min, BR and Wang, W and Pitta, DW and Indugu, N and Patra, AK and Wang, HH and Abrahamsen, F and Hilaire, M and Puchala, R},
title = {Characterization of the ruminal microbiota in sheep and goats fed different levels of tannin-rich Sericea lespedeza hay.},
journal = {Journal of animal science},
volume = {102},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/jas/skae198},
pmid = {39018107},
issn = {1525-3163},
mesh = {Animals ; *Goats ; *Rumen/microbiology ; *Diet/veterinary ; *Animal Feed/analysis ; Sheep/microbiology ; *Tannins/pharmacology/chemistry ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome/drug effects ; Lespedeza/chemistry ; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena ; Male ; Random Allocation ; Fermentation ; },
abstract = {Understanding ruminal microbiota and diet-host breed interactions under forage feeding conditions is essential for optimizing rumen fermentation and improving feed efficiency in small ruminants. This study aimed to investigate the effects of different ratios of condensed tannin-rich Sericea lespedeza (SL; Lespedeza cuneata) in the diets on changes and interactions of ruminal microbiota and host species (i.e., sheep and goats). Katahdin sheep (n = 12) and Alpine goats (n = 12) at approximately 10 to 12 mo of age were blocked by body weight (BW = 30.3 and 25.5 kg, respectively) and randomly assigned to one of the 3 treatments. Diets contained 75% coarsely ground forage and 25% concentrate. The forages were 1) 100% alfalfa hay (AL), 2) 100% SL, and 3) 50% AL + 50% SL (ASL). In the present study, the diversity and composition of ruminal microbiota differed between sheep and goats fed similar diets. Based on the taxonomic analysis, there was a distinct clustering pattern (P < 0.05) for sheep by diets, but such a pattern was not observed for goats (P > 0.1). The most predominant phyla were Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Ascomycota, and methanogen species of Methanobrevibactor sp. in the rumen of sheep and goats, regardless of diets. The Bacteroidetes and Ascomycota were enriched in sheep fed AL and ASL. In contrast, these microbial phyla were enhanced in goats fed tannin-rich SL diets, with the diet-by-host species interaction (P < 0.02) for the Bacteroidetes phylum. Sheep rumen fluid samples showed a higher degree of variability in microbial community composition compared to goat rumen fluid samples. The relative proportion of the Aspergillus fungi population was reduced to 90.7% in the SL group compared with the AL group, regardless of host species. The antimicrobial activity of tannins and greater sensitivities of selected microbiota species to these tannin compounds during SL feeding in sheep and goats perhaps caused this difference. The results from this study suggest that differences in the microbiota were associated with differences in diets and host species. Therefore, this study provides a better understanding of ruminal microbiota and diet-host species interactions under various tannin-rich diets, which could advance consolidative information on rumen microbiome community diversity changes and may improve sheep and goat production.},
}
@article {pmid39407320,
year = {2024},
author = {Li, J and Li, J and Cao, L and Chen, Q and Ding, D and Kang, L},
title = {An iron-binding protein of entomopathogenic fungus suppresses the proliferation of host symbiotic bacteria.},
journal = {Microbiome},
volume = {12},
number = {1},
pages = {202},
pmid = {39407320},
issn = {2049-2618},
mesh = {*Symbiosis ; *Iron/metabolism ; Animals ; *Metarhizium/genetics/metabolism/pathogenicity/physiology ; *Fungal Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; *Bacteria/metabolism/genetics/classification ; Grasshoppers/microbiology ; Host-Pathogen Interactions ; Dysbiosis/microbiology ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Entomopathogenic fungal infection-induced dysbiosis of host microbiota offers a window into understanding the complex interactions between pathogenic fungi and host symbionts. Such insights are critical for enhancing the efficacy of mycoinsecticides. However, the utilization of these interactions in pest control remains largely unexplored.<br><br>RESULTS: Here, we found that infection by the host-specialist fungus Metarhizium acridum alters the composition of the symbiotic microbiota and increases the dominance of some bacterial symbionts in locusts. Meanwhile, M. acridum also effectively limits the overgrowth of the predominant bacteria. Comparative transcriptomic screening revealed that the fungus upregulates the production of MaCFEM1, an iron-binding protein, in the presence of bacteria. This protein sequesters iron, thereby limiting its availability. Functionally, overexpression of MaCFEM1 in the fungus induces iron deprivation, which significantly suppresses bacterial growth. Conversely, MaCFEM1 knockout relieves the restriction on bacterial iron availability, resulting in iron reallocation. Upon &#x394;MaCFEM1 infection, some host bacterial symbionts proliferate uncontrollably, turning into opportunistic pathogens and significantly accelerating host death.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: This study elucidates the critical role of pathogenic fungal-dominated iron allocation in mediating the shift of host microbes from symbiosis to pathogenicity. It also highlights a unique biocontrol strategy that jointly exploits pathogenic fungi and bacterial symbionts to increase host mortality. Video Abstract.},
}
@article {pmid39406834,
year = {2024},
author = {Diaz de Villegas, SC and Borbee, EM and Abdelbaki, PY and Fuess, LE},
title = {Prior heat stress increases pathogen susceptibility in the model cnidarian Exaiptasia diaphana.},
journal = {Communications biology},
volume = {7},
number = {1},
pages = {1328},
pmid = {39406834},
issn = {2399-3642},
support = {Startup Funding//Texas State University/ ; Gulf Research Early Career Fellowship//National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine | National Academy of Engineering (NAE)/ ; PRFB 2209205//National Science Foundation (NSF)/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Sea Anemones/physiology ; *Heat-Shock Response ; Disease Susceptibility ; Symbiosis ; Climate Change ; },
abstract = {Anthropogenic climate change has significantly altered terrestrial and marine ecosystems globally, often in the form of climate-related events such as thermal anomalies and disease outbreaks. Although the isolated effects of these stressors have been well documented, a growing body of literature suggests that stressors often interact, resulting in complex effects on ecosystems. This includes coral reefs where sequential associations between heat stress and disease have had profound impacts. Here we used the model cnidarian Exaiptasia diaphana to investigate mechanisms linking prior heat stress to increased disease susceptibility. We examined anemone pathogen susceptibility and physiology (symbiosis, immunity, and energetics) following recovery from heat stress. We observed significantly increased pathogen susceptibility in anemones previously exposed to heat stress. Notably, prior heat stress reduced anemone energetic reserves (carbohydrate concentration), and activity of multiple immune components. Minimal effects of prior heat stress on symbiont density were observed. Together, results suggest changes in energetic availability might have the strongest effect on pathogen susceptibility and immunity following heat stress. The results presented here provide critical insight regarding the interplay between heat stress recovery and pathogen susceptibility in cnidarians and are an important first step towards understanding temporal associations between these stressors.},
}
@article {pmid39406061,
year = {2024},
author = {Zardi, GI and Seuront, L and Gevaert, F and Nicastro, KR},
title = {Plastiskin: A new form of plastic pollution affecting rocky shore organisms.},
journal = {Marine pollution bulletin},
volume = {209},
number = {Pt A},
pages = {117121},
doi = {10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.117121},
pmid = {39406061},
issn = {1879-3363},
abstract = {Plastic pollution has become a significant environmental concern, with profound consequences for ecosystems worldwide, particularly for marine systems. Our study introduces 'plastiskin', a newly identified plastic pollution type encrusting intertidal organisms. Found on mussels and macroalgae, 'plastiskin' was composed of polypropylene and polyethylene. In mussels, the presence of 'plastiskin' was correlated with the absence of living endoliths in areas of the shells it covered, indicating a detrimental impact on the symbiotic endolithic community residing within mussel shells. In addition, we examined the potential negative effects of 'plastiskin' on the photosynthetic efficiency of macroalgae, however, these findings were inconclusive, stressing the need for further studies with larger sample sizes. Our baseline observations may serve as a groundwork for further investigation into the spatial distribution, temporal persistence, and ecological ramifications of 'plastiskin'. potential incorporation of 'plastiskin' as a new marine debris category into management and monitoring frameworks warrants serious consideration.},
}
@article {pmid39405999,
year = {2024},
author = {Li, C and Huang, Q and Sun, S and Cheng, C and Chen, Y and Yu, B},
title = {Preinoculation with Bradyrhizobium japonicum enhances the salt tolerance of Glycine max seedlings by regulating polyamine metabolism in roots.},
journal = {Plant physiology and biochemistry : PPB},
volume = {216},
number = {},
pages = {109196},
doi = {10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.109196},
pmid = {39405999},
issn = {1873-2690},
abstract = {Rhizobia are common symbiotic microorganisms in the root system of leguminous plants that can usually provide nitrogen to the host through nitrogen fixation. Studies have shown that rhizobium-preinoculated soybean plants usually exhibit improved salt tolerance, but the underlying mechanism is not fully understood. In this paper, transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) revealed that preinoculation with rhizobia affected polyamine (PA) metabolism in soybean roots. The assay of PA contents showed that preinoculation with rhizobia significantly increased the putrescine (Put) content in roots and leaves during short-term salt treatment (0-5 d). Long-term salt treatment (5-7 d) resulted in a high Put content and significantly increased Spm and Spd contents, resulting in a rapid increase in the Put/(Spd + Spm) ratio (0-5 d) and subsequent decrease. Moreover, rhizobium preinoculation of soybean plants resulted in increased contents of conjugated and bound PAs under salt stress. Further transcriptome sequencing, PA contents, PA synthase expression and activity analysis revealed that GmADC may be a key gene related to salt tolerance in rhizobium-preinoculated soybean plants, and the GmADC-overexpressing soybean hairy-root composite plants exhibited less ROS damage, lower Cl[-]/NO3[-] ratios and Na[+]/K[+] ratios, and stabilized ion homeostasis. Taken together, preinoculation with rhizobia increased the expression level and enzyme activity of arginine decarboxylase (ADC) in soybean roots, increased the content of Put in roots and leaves, and increased the content of conjugated and bound PAs in soybean plants, thereby alleviating the oxidative and ionic injuries of soybean plants and enhancing the salt tolerance.},
}
@article {pmid39405618,
year = {2024},
author = {Tan, Y and Yu, P and Yu, Z and Xuan, F and Zhu, L},
title = {Deciphering defense system modulating bacteria-mobile genetic elements symbiosis in microbial aggregates under elevated hydraulic stress.},
journal = {Water research},
volume = {268},
number = {Pt A},
pages = {122590},
doi = {10.1016/j.watres.2024.122590},
pmid = {39405618},
issn = {1879-2448},
abstract = {Bacterial defense systems are under strong evolutionary pressures to defend against mobile genetic elements (MGEs), yet their distribution in microbial aggregates in engineered systems remains largely unexplored. Herein, we investigated the bacterial defensome and MGEs within activated sludge flocs (AS) and membrane-attached biofilm (MF) in a full-scale membrane bioreactor. Similar distribution pattern of bacterial defense systems (63 types) was observed in prokaryotic genome in AS and MF, including RM system (∼40 %), Cas system (∼18 %) and TA-Abi system (∼28 %), exhibiting a dependency on the genome size and bacterial taxonomy in microbial aggregates under elevated hydraulic stress (MF). In contrast to plasmid and provirus, which carried defense systems (22 types) similar to their associated hosts, virome (61 %) carried novel defense systems (40 types) absent in their associated hosts. With 54 % of which involved in MGEs geneflow network, 69 % of high quality bacterial genome bins were associated with horizontal gene transfer (HGT), facilitating the exchange of mobile core functional genes. This potentially conferred competitive advantages to hosts through habitat-specific payload genes related to biotic defense, antibiotic resistance, and nitrogen metabolism. The longer growth cycle and varied defense gene density suggested the potential defense redundancy and trade-off of metabolic expense and immunity in bacterial host-MGE symbionts. Furthermore, enhanced cooperative network modules of cross-feeding and defense were observed in the MF, potentially helped the symbiotic microbial communities in coping with hostile conditions under elevated hydraulic stress. These findings shed light on the dynamics of bacterial defense systems in host-MGE coevolution and provide new perspectives of microbial aggregates manipulation for ecological and engineering application.},
}
@article {pmid39405284,
year = {2024},
author = {Li, S and Xu, J and Hu, Y and Ou, X and Yuan, Q and Li, P and Jiang, W and Guo, L and Zhou, T},
title = {Variation in SSRs at different genomic regions and implications for the evolution and identification of Armillaria gallica.},
journal = {PloS one},
volume = {19},
number = {10},
pages = {e0312114},
pmid = {39405284},
issn = {1932-6203},
mesh = {*Microsatellite Repeats/genetics ; *Armillaria/genetics ; Phylogeny ; Genome, Plant ; Evolution, Molecular ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Genetic Variation ; },
abstract = {Armillaria spp. are devastating forest pathogens. Due to its low pathogenicity and abundant genetic variation, Armillaria gallica exhibited a unique and beneficial symbiosis with Gastrodia elata, which was used as a traditional Chinese medicine. However, the variation and population structure of A. gallica populations have rarely been investigated. Hence, we analyzed the evolution and variation in simple sequence repeats (SSRs) in three Armillaria genomes: A. gallica, A. cepistipes, and A. ostoyae to assess the genetic diversity and population structure of 14 A. gallica strains. Genome analysis revealed that SSRs were more abundant in the intergenic region than the intron and exon region, as was the SSR density. Compared with other two genomes, SSR density was the lowest in exon region and largest in the intron region of A. gallica, with significant variation in genic region. There were 17 polymorphic markers in A. gallica genome was identified, with 26.7% in genic region, which is higher than that of 18.8% in the intergenic region. Moreover, a total of 50 alleles and 42 polymorphic loci were detected among these A. gallica strains. The averaged polymorphism information content (PIC) was 0.4487, ranged from 0.2577 to 0.6786. Both principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) and population structure analyses based on the genotype data of SSRs divided the strains into two clusters. The cluster I included all the strains from high-altitude G. elata producing areas and some low-altitude areas, while the strains in Cluster II originated from low-altitude G. elata producing areas. These results indicated that substantial genome-specific variation in SSRs within the genic region of A. gallica and provide new insights for further studies on the evolution and breeding of A. gallica.},
}
@article {pmid39400440,
year = {2024},
author = {Jian, C and Yinhang, W and Jing, Z and Zhanbo, Q and Zefeng, W and Shuwen, H},
title = {Escherichia coli on colorectal cancer: A two-edged sword.},
journal = {Microbial biotechnology},
volume = {17},
number = {10},
pages = {e70029},
pmid = {39400440},
issn = {1751-7915},
support = {2023GZ86//Public Welfare Technology Application Research Program of Huzhou/ ; 2023HT078//China University Industry University Research Innovation Fund/ ; 2023GY04//Medical Science and Technology Project of Zhejiang Province/ ; },
mesh = {*Colorectal Neoplasms/microbiology ; *Escherichia coli/genetics ; Humans ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; Probiotics ; },
abstract = {Escherichia coli (E. coli) is a ubiquitous symbiotic bacterium in the gut, and the diversity of E. coli genes determines the diversity of its functions. In this review, the two-edged sword theory was innovatively proposed. For the question 'how can we harness the ambivalent nature of E. coli to screen and treat CRC?', in terms of CRC screening, the variations in the abundance and subtypes of E. coli across different populations present an opportunity to utilise it as a biomarker, while in terms of CRC treatment, the natural beneficial effect of E. coli on CRC may be limited, and engineered E. coli, particularly certain subtypes with probiotic potential, can indeed play a significant role in CRC treatment. It seems that the favourable role of E. coli as a genetic tool lies not in its direct impact on CRC but its potential as a research platform that can be integrated with various technologies such as nanoparticles, imaging methods, and synthetic biology modification. The relationship between gut microflora and CRC remains unclear due to the complex diversity and interaction of gut microflora. Therefore, the application of E. coli should be based on the 'One Health' view and take the interactions between E. coli and other microorganisms, host, and environmental factors, as well as its own changes into account. In this paper, the two-edged sword role of E. coli in CRC is emphasised to realise the great potential of E. coli in CRC screening and treatment.},
}
@article {pmid39400307,
year = {2024},
author = {Youngsteadt, E and Prado, SG and Duran Aquino, AK and Peña Valdeiglesias, J and Gonzales Ojeda, T and Garate Quispe, JS},
title = {Urbanization drives partner switching and loss of mutualism in an ant-plant symbiosis.},
journal = {Ecology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e4449},
doi = {10.1002/ecy.4449},
pmid = {39400307},
issn = {1939-9170},
support = {059-2021-FONDECYT//Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Cient&#xed;fico, Tecnol&#xf3;gico y de Innovaci&#xf3;n Tecnol&#xf3;gica/ ; //North Carolina State University Internationalization Seed Grant/ ; },
abstract = {Mutualistic interactions between species underpin biodiversity and ecosystem function, but may be lost when partners respond differently to abiotic conditions. Except for a few prominent examples, effects of global anthropogenic change on mutualisms are poorly understood. Here we assess the effects of urbanization on a symbiosis in which the plant Cordia nodosa house ants in hollow structures (domatia) in exchange for defense against herbivores. We expected to find that mutualist ants would be replaced in the city by heat-tolerant opportunists, leaving urban plants vulnerable to herbivory. In five protected forest sites and five urban forest fragments in southeast Perú, we recorded the identity and heat tolerance (CTmax) of ant residents of C. nodosa. We also assayed their plant-defensive behaviors and their effects on herbivory. We characterized the urban heat-island effect in ambient temperatures and within domatia. Forest plants housed a consistent ant community dominated by three specialized plant ants, whereas urban plants housed a suite of 10 opportunistic taxa that were, collectively, about 13 times less likely than forest ants to respond defensively to plant disturbance. In the forest, ant exclusion had the expected effect of increasing herbivory, but in urban sites, exclusion reduced herbivory. Despite poor ant defense in urban sites, we detected no difference in total standing herbivory, perhaps because herbivores themselves also declined in the city. Urban sites were warmer than forest sites (daily maxima in urban domatia averaged 1.6°C hotter), and the urban ant community as a whole was slightly more heat tolerant. These results illustrate a case of mutualism loss associated with anthropogenic disturbance. If urbanization is representative of increasing anthropogenic stressors more broadly, we might expect to see destabilization of myrmecophytic mutualisms in forest ecosystems in the future.},
}
@article {pmid39400157,
year = {2024},
author = {Gan, B and Wang, K and Zhang, B and Jia, C and Lin, X and Zhao, J and Ding, S},
title = {Dynamic microbiome diversity shaping the adaptation of sponge holobionts in coastal waters.},
journal = {Microbiology spectrum},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e0144824},
doi = {10.1128/spectrum.01448-24},
pmid = {39400157},
issn = {2165-0497},
abstract = {UNLABELLED: The microbial communities associated with sponges contribute to the adaptation of hosts to environments, which are essential for the trophic transformation of benthic-marine coupling. However, little is known about the symbiotic microbial community interactions and adaptative strategies of high- and low-microbial abundance (HMA and LMA) sponges, which represent two typical ecological phenotypes. Here, we compared the 1-year dynamic patterns of microbiomes with the HMA sponge Spongia officinalis and two LMA sponge species Tedania sp. and Haliclona simulans widespread on the coast of China. Symbiotic bacterial communities with the characteristic HMA-LMA dichotomy presented higher diversity and stability in S. officinalis than in Tedania sp. and H. simulans, while archaeal communities showed consistent diversity across all sponges throughout the year. Dissolved oxygen, dissolved inorganic phosphorus, dissolved organic phosphorus, and especially temperature were the major factors affecting the seasonal changes in sponge microbial communities. S. officinalis-associated microbiome had higher diversity, stronger stability, and closer interaction, which adopted a relatively isolated strategy to cope with environmental changes, while Tedania sp. and H. simulans were more susceptible and shared more bacterial Amplicon Sequence Variants (ASVs) with surrounding waters, with an open way facing the uncertainty of the environment. Meta-analysis of the microbiome in composition, diversity, and ecological function from 13 marine sponges further supported that bacterial communities associated with HMA and LMA sponges have evolved two distinct environmental adaptation strategies. We propose that the different adaptive ways of sponges responding to the environment may be responsible for their successful evolution and their competence in global ocean change.<br><br>IMPORTANCE: During long-term evolution, sponge holobionts, among the oldest symbiotic relationships between microbes and metazoans, developed two distinct phenotypes with high- and low-microbial abundance (HMA and LMA). Despite sporadic studies indicating that the characteristic microbial assemblages present in HMA and LMA sponges, the adaptation strategies of symbionts responding to environments are still unclear. This deficiency limits our understanding of the selection of symbionts and the ecological functions during the evolutionary history and the adaptative assessment of HMA and LMA sponges in variable environments. Here, we explored symbiotic communities with two distinct phenotypes in a 1-year dynamic environment and combined with the meta-analysis of 13 sponges. The different strategies of symbionts in adapting to the environment were basically drawn: microbes with LMA were more acclimated to environmental changes, forming relatively loose-connected communities, while HMA developed relatively tight-connected and more similar communities beyond the divergence of species and geographical location.},
}
@article {pmid39399250,
year = {2024},
author = {Arliyani, I and Noori, MT and Ammarullah, MI and Tangahu, BV and Mangkoedihardjo, S and Min, B},
title = {Constructed wetlands combined with microbial fuel cells (CW-MFCs) as a sustainable technology for leachate treatment and power generation.},
journal = {RSC advances},
volume = {14},
number = {44},
pages = {32073-32100},
pmid = {39399250},
issn = {2046-2069},
abstract = {The physical and chemical treatment processes of leachate are not only costly but can also possibly produce harmful by products. Constructed wetlands (CW) has been considered a promising alternative technology for leachate treatment due to less demand for energy, economic, ecological benefits, and simplicity of operations. Various trends and approaches for the application of CW for leachate treatment have been discussed in this review along with offering an informatics peek of the recent innovative developments in CW technology and its perspectives. In addition, coupling CW with microbial fuel cells (MFCs) has proven to produce renewable energy (electricity) while treating contaminants in leachate wastewaters (CW-MFC). The combination of CW-MFC is a promising bio electrochemical that plays symbiotic among plant microorganisms in the rhizosphere of an aquatic plant that convert sun electricity is transformed into bioelectricity with the aid of using the formation of radical secretions, as endogenous substrates, and microbial activity. Several researchers study and try to find out the application of CW-MFC for leachate treatment, along with this system and performance. Several key elements for the advancement of CW-MFC technology such as bioelectricity, reactor configurations, plant species, and electrode materials, has been comprehensively discussed and future research directions were suggested for further improving the performance. Overall, CW-MFC may offer an eco-friendly approach to protecting the aquatic environment and come with built-in advantages for visual appeal and animal habitats using natural materials such as gravel, soil, electroactive bacteria, and plants under controlled condition.},
}
@article {pmid39398766,
year = {2024},
author = {Alammari, DM and Melebari, RE and Alshaikh, JA and Alotaibi, LB and Basabeen, HS and Saleh, AF},
title = {Beyond Boundaries: The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Shaping the Future Careers of Medical Students in Saudi Arabia.},
journal = {Cureus},
volume = {16},
number = {9},
pages = {e69332},
pmid = {39398766},
issn = {2168-8184},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Artificial intelligence (AI) stands at the forefront of revolutionizing healthcare, wielding its computational prowess to navigate the labyrinth of medical data with unprecedented precision. In this study, we delved into the perspectives of medical students in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) regarding AI's seismic impact on their careers and the medical landscape.<br><br>METHODS: &#xa0;A cross-sectional study conducted from February to December 2023 examined the impact of AI on the future of medical students' careers in KSA, surveying approximately 400 participants, including Saudi medical students and interns, and uncovering a fascinating tapestry of perceptions.<br><br>RESULTS: Astonishingly, 75.4% of respondents boasted familiarity with AI, heralding its transformative potential. A resounding 88.9% lauded its capacity to enrich medical education, marking a paradigm shift in learning approaches. However, amidst this wave of optimism, shadows of apprehension loomed. A staggering 42.5% harbored concerns of AI precipitating job displacement, while 34.4% envisioned a future where AI usurps traditional doctor roles. Despite this dichotomy, there existed a unanimous recognition of the symbiotic relationship between AI and human healthcare professionals, heralding an era of collaborative synergy.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Our findings underscored a critical need for educational initiatives to assuage fears and facilitate the seamless integration of AI into clinical practice. Moreover, AI's burgeoning influence in diagnostic radiology and personalized healthcare plans emerged as catalysts propelling the domain of precision medicine into uncharted realms of innovation. As AI reshapes the contours of healthcare delivery, it not only promises unparalleled efficiency but also holds the key to unlocking new frontiers in treatment outcomes and accessibility, heralding a transformative epoch in the annals of medicine.},
}
@article {pmid39398504,
year = {2024},
author = {Fujita, M and Tanaka, T and Kusajima, M and Inoshima, K and Narita, F and Nakamura, H and Asami, T and Maruyama-Nakashita, A and Nakashita, H},
title = {Enhanced disease resistance against Botrytis cinerea by strigolactone-mediated immune priming in Arabidopsis thaliana.},
journal = {Journal of pesticide science},
volume = {49},
number = {3},
pages = {186-194},
pmid = {39398504},
issn = {1348-589X},
abstract = {Strigolactones (SLs) are a class of plant hormones that play several roles in plants, such as suppressing shoot branching and promoting arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis. The positive regulation of plant disease resistance by SLs has recently been demonstrated by analyses using SL-related mutants. In Arabidopsis, SL-mediated signaling has been reported to modulate salicylic acid-mediated disease resistance, in which the priming of plant immunity plays an important role. In this study, we analyzed the effect of the synthetic SL analogue rac-GR24 on resistance against necrotrophic pathogen Botrytis cinerea. In rac-GR24-treated plants, disease resistance against B. cinerea was enhanced in an ethylene- and camalexin-dependent manners. Expression of the ethylene-related genes and the camalexin biosynthetic gene and camalexin accumulation after pathogen infection were enhanced by immune priming in rac-GR24-treated plants. These suggest that SL-mediated immune priming is effective for many types of resistance mechanisms in plant self-defense systems.},
}
@article {pmid39396841,
year = {2024},
author = {González, A and Fullaondo, A and Odriozola, I and Odriozola, A},
title = {Microbiota and beneficial metabolites in colorectal cancer.},
journal = {Advances in genetics},
volume = {112},
number = {},
pages = {367-409},
doi = {10.1016/bs.adgen.2024.08.002},
pmid = {39396841},
issn = {0065-2660},
mesh = {Humans ; *Colorectal Neoplasms/microbiology/metabolism ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; Fatty Acids, Volatile/metabolism ; Polyphenols/metabolism ; Animals ; },
abstract = {Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. In recent years, the impact of the gut microbiota on the development of CRC has become clear. The gut microbiota is the community of microorganisms living in the gut symbiotic relationship with the host. These microorganisms contribute to the development of CRC through various mechanisms that are not yet fully understood. Increasing scientific evidence suggests that metabolites produced by the gut microbiota may influence CRC development by exerting protective and deleterious effects. This article reviews the metabolites produced by the gut microbiota, which are derived from the intake of complex carbohydrates, proteins, dairy products, and phytochemicals from plant foods and are associated with a reduced risk of CRC. These metabolites include short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), indole and its derivatives, conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and polyphenols. Each metabolite, its association with CRC risk, the possible mechanisms by which they exert anti-tumour functions and their relationship with the gut microbiota are described. In addition, other gut microbiota-derived metabolites that are gaining importance for their role as CRC suppressors are included.},
}
@article {pmid39396838,
year = {2024},
author = {González, A and Odriozola, I and Fullaondo, A and Odriozola, A},
title = {Microbiota and detrimental protein derived metabolites in colorectal cancer.},
journal = {Advances in genetics},
volume = {112},
number = {},
pages = {255-308},
doi = {10.1016/bs.adgen.2024.06.001},
pmid = {39396838},
issn = {0065-2660},
mesh = {*Colorectal Neoplasms/microbiology/metabolism/etiology ; Humans ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; Fermentation ; Risk Factors ; Diet ; Animals ; },
abstract = {Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third leading cancer in incidence and the second leading cancer in mortality worldwide. There is growing scientific evidence to support the crucial role of the gut microbiota in the development of CRC. The gut microbiota is the complex community of microorganisms that inhabit the host gut in a symbiotic relationship. Diet plays a crucial role in modulating the risk of CRC, with a high intake of red and processed meat being a risk factor for the development of CRC. The production of metabolites derived from protein fermentation by the gut microbiota is considered a crucial element in the interaction between red and processed meat consumption and the development of CRC. This paper examines several metabolites derived from the bacterial fermentation of proteins associated with an increased risk of CRC. These metabolites include ammonia, polyamines, trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), N-nitroso compounds (NOC), hydrogen sulphide (H2S), phenolic compounds (p-cresol) and indole compounds (indolimines). These compounds are depicted and reviewed for their association with CRC risk, possible mechanisms promoting carcinogenesis and their relationship with the gut microbiota. Additionally, this paper analyses the evidence related to the role of red and processed meat intake and CRC risk and the factors and pathways involved in bacterial proteolytic fermentation in the large intestine.},
}
@article {pmid39396778,
year = {2024},
author = {Zhao, H and Yue, W and Cao, C and Zhang, BT and Zan, Z and Lian, G and Zheng, F and Xu, G and Dou, J},
title = {Microbial production of methyl-uranium via the Wood-Ljungdahl pathway.},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {176844},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.176844},
pmid = {39396778},
issn = {1879-1026},
abstract = {The misuse of uranium is a major threat to human health and the environment. In microbial ecosystems, microbes deploy various strategies to cope with uranium-induced stress. However, the exact ecological strategies and mechanisms underlying uranium tolerance in microbes remain unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the survival strategies and tolerance mechanisms of microbial communities in uranium-contaminated soil and groundwater. Microbial co-occurrence networks and molecular biology techniques were used to analyze the properties of microbes in groundwater and soil samples from various depths of uranium-contaminated areas in Northwest China. Uranium pollution altered microbial ecological strategies. Uranium stress facilitated the formation of microbial community structures, leading to symbiosis. Furthermore, microbes primarily resisted uranium hazards by producing polysaccharides and phosphate groups that chelate uranium, releasing phosphate substances that precipitate uranium, and reducing U(VI) through sulfate- and iron-reducing processes. The relative abundance of metal-methylation genes in soil microorganisms positively correlated with uranium concentration, indicating that soil microorganisms can produce methyl uranium via the Wood-Ljungdahl pathway. Furthermore, soil and groundwater microorganisms demonstrated different responses to uranium stress. This study provides new insights into microbial responses to uranium stress and novel approaches for the bioremediation of uranium-contaminated sites.},
}
@article {pmid39395509,
year = {2024},
author = {Mehta, A and Kumar, L and Serventi, L and Morton, JD and Torrico, DD},
title = {Bacterial cellulose infusion: A comprehensive investigation into textural, tribological and temporal sensory evaluation of ice creams.},
journal = {International journal of biological macromolecules},
volume = {281},
number = {Pt 3},
pages = {136510},
doi = {10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.136510},
pmid = {39395509},
issn = {1879-0003},
abstract = {The study examines how adding bacterial cellulose also referred to as Symbiotic Culture of Bacteria and Yeast (SCOBY) to ice cream affects the textural, tribological, and sensory attributes, particularly texture and mouthfeel perception. Analytical assessments were performed on three types: SCOBY-added ice cream and two reference samples (control and guar gum-added ice creams). Evaluations included physicochemical properties, textural and tribological characteristics, and dynamic sensory mouthfeel using the temporal dominance of sensation (TDS) methodology. SCOBY ice cream showed higher probiotics content, lower pH, and higher acidity than reference samples. The addition of SCOBY increased hardness and altered the textural properties. TDS analysis highlighted distinct temporal dominance patterns, with guar gum ice cream presenting a pronounced mouth/residual coating pre-swallowing, while SCOBY and control ice cream exhibited a thin/fluid perception. The frictional factor at 37 °C was positively correlated with the melting rate, graininess, and thin/fluid perception while negatively correlated with firmness, smoothness and mouthfeel liking. Additionally, the mouthfeel liking was higher with firm, smooth and mouth/residual coating sensations and lower with grainy and thin/fluid perception. In summary, incorporating SCOBY in ice cream formulations can provide health benefits and meet consumer preferences for natural ingredients, while ensuring careful optimization of mouthfeel.},
}
@article {pmid39395506,
year = {2024},
author = {Dubey, I and K, N and G, V and Rohilla, G and Lalruatmawii, and Naxine, P and P, J and Rachamalla, M and Kushwaha, S},
title = {Exploring the hypothetical links between environmental pollutants, diet, and the gut-testis axis: The potential role of microbes in male reproductive health.},
journal = {Reproductive toxicology (Elmsford, N.Y.)},
volume = {130},
number = {},
pages = {108732},
doi = {10.1016/j.reprotox.2024.108732},
pmid = {39395506},
issn = {1873-1708},
abstract = {The gut system, commonly referred to as one of the principal organs of the human "superorganism," is a home to trillions of bacteria and serves an essential physiological function in male reproductive failures or infertility. The interaction of the endocrine-immune system and the microbiome facilitates reproduction as a multi-network system. Some recent studies that link gut microbiota to male infertility are questionable. Is the gut-testis axis (GTA) real, and does it affect male infertility? As a result, this review emphasizes the interconnected links between gut health and male reproductive function via changes in gut microbiota. However, a variety of harmful (endocrine disruptors, heavy metals, pollutants, and antibiotics) and favorable (a healthy diet, supplements, and phytoconstituents) elements promote microbiota by causing dysbiosis and symbiosis, respectively, which eventually modify the activities of male reproductive organs and their hormones. The findings of preclinical and clinical studies on the direct and indirect effects of microbiota changes on testicular functions have revealed a viable strategy for exploring the GTA-axis. Although the GTA axis is poorly understood, it may have potential ties to reproductive issues that can be used for therapeutic purposes in the future.},
}
@article {pmid39395500,
year = {2024},
author = {Zhou, J and Bilyera, N and Guillaume, T and Yang, H and Li, FM and Shi, L},
title = {Microbial necromass and glycoproteins for determining soil carbon formation under arbuscular mycorrhiza symbiosis.},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
volume = {955},
number = {},
pages = {176732},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.176732},
pmid = {39395500},
issn = {1879-1026},
abstract = {Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) form symbioses with most terrestrial plants and critically modulate soil organic carbon (C) dynamics. Whether AMF promote soil C storage and stability is, however, largely unknown. Since microbial necromass C (MNC) and glomalin-related soil protein (GRSP) are stable microbial-derived C in soils, we therefore evaluated how AMF symbiosis alters both soil C pools and their contributions to soil organic C (SOC) under nitrogen fertilization, based on a 16-weeks mesocosm experiment using a mutant tomato with highly reduced AMF symbiosis. Results showed that SOC content is 4.5 % higher following AMF symbiosis. Additionally, the content of MNC and total GRSP were 47.5 % and 22.3 % higher under AMF symbiosis than at AMF absence, respectively. The accumulations of GRSP and microbial necromass in soil were closely associated with mineral-associated organic C and the abundance of AMF. The increased soil living microbial biomass under AMF symbiosis was mainly derived from AMF biomass, and fungal necromass C significantly contributed to SOC accumulation, as evidenced by the higher fungal:bacterial necromass C ratio under AMF symbiosis. On the contrary, bacterial necromass was degraded to compensate for the increased microbial nutrient demand because of the aggravated nutrient limitation under AMF symbiosis, leading to a decrease in bacterial necromass. Redundancy analysis showing that bacterial necromass was negatively correlated with soil C:N ratio supported this argument. Moreover, the relative change rate of total GRSP was consistently greater in nitrogen-limited soil than that of microbial necromass. Our findings suggested GRSP accumulates faster and contributes more to SOC pools under AMF symbiosis than microbial necromass. The positive correlation between the contributions of GRSP and MNC to SOC further provided valuable information in terms of enhancing our understanding of mechanisms underlying the maintenance of SOC stocks through microbial-derived C.},
}
@article {pmid39395377,
year = {2024},
author = {Ren, Y and Tobin, B and Yang, S and Xu, T and Chen, H and Tang, M},
title = {Brassinosteroids mediate arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis through multiple potential pathways and partial identification in tomato.},
journal = {Microbiological research},
volume = {289},
number = {},
pages = {127924},
doi = {10.1016/j.micres.2024.127924},
pmid = {39395377},
issn = {1618-0623},
abstract = {Currently, little is known regarding the specific processes through which brassinosteroids (BR) affect arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis. Understanding this relationship is vital for advancing plant physiology and agricultural applications. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the regulatory mechanisms of BR in AM symbiosis. According to the log2 fold change-value and adjP-value, we integrated the common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in maize (Zea mays L.) treated with BR and AM, Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) mutants deficient in BR receptors, and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) plants inoculated with AM fungi. In addition, we characterized the symbiotic performance of tomato plants with BR receptor defects and overexpression. The results indicated that the common differential genes induced by BR and AM were involved in metabolic processes, such as cell wall modification, cytoskeleton remodeling, auxin and ethylene signaling, photosynthesis, mineral nutrient transport, and stress defense. Specifically, these include the BR1 gene, which modifies the cell wall. However, the fungal colonization rate of BR receptor-deficient tomato plants was significantly reduced, and the total phosphorus concentration was increased. Conversely, the performance of the overexpressing tomato transformation plants demonstrated a significant contrast. Additionally, the mild rescue of mycorrhizal attenuation in mutants treated with exogenous BR suggests the possibility of direct feedback from BR synthesis to AM. Notably, the cell wall modification gene (SlBR1) and calcium spike gene (SlIPD3) were induced by both BR and AM, suggesting that BR may influence cell penetration during the early stages of AM colonization. Synthesis: Our results demonstrated that BR positively regulates AM symbiosis through multiple pathways. These findings pave the way for future research, including isolation of the individual contributions of each pathway to this complex process and exploration of possible agricultural applications.},
}
@article {pmid39394391,
year = {2024},
author = {Muthusamy Pandian, T and Esakkimuthu, R and Rangasamy, A and Rengasamy, K and Alagesan, S and Devasahayam, JSS},
title = {Exploring the Potential of Bacterial Endophytes in Plant Disease Management.},
journal = {Current microbiology},
volume = {81},
number = {12},
pages = {403},
pmid = {39394391},
issn = {1432-0991},
mesh = {*Endophytes/metabolism/isolation &amp; purification/physiology ; *Bacteria/metabolism/classification/isolation &amp; purification/genetics ; *Plant Diseases/microbiology/prevention &amp; control ; Crops, Agricultural/microbiology ; Symbiosis ; Plant Development ; Biodegradation, Environmental ; Agriculture/methods ; Plants/microbiology ; },
abstract = {Endophytic bacteria live in the internal tissues of plants, forming symbiotic, mutualistic, commensalistic and trophobiotic relationships. Some are spread via seeds after sprouting from the rhizosphere or phyllosphere. These bacteria capable of promoting plant growth and impart biotic stress by synthesing plant growth hormones, ACC deaminase, organic acids and siderophore. Endophytes aid in phytoremediation by removing soil contaminants and boosting soil fertility via phosphate solubilization and nitrogen fixation. The endophytic microbes are becoming increasingly popular in biotechnological applications which supports sustainable growth of non-food crops for biomass and biofuel. They offer valuable natural materials which is used in medicine, agriculture and industry. Bacterial endophytes are endowed with the enormous potential in the biological treatment of plant pathogens and considered as the superior alternative to synthetic fungicides. The review emphasizes benefits of bacterial endophytes in promoting plant growth and prospects of agricultural applications viz., increasing crop yield under biotic stress condition and their mode of action towards plant diseases. It also summarises the diverse and vital role of endophytes in agroecosystems as well as insights for sustainable agriculture and crop resilience.},
}
@article {pmid39394384,
year = {2024},
author = {El-Speiy, ME and Zeitoun, MM and El-Sawy, MA and Sadaka, TA and Abou-Shehema, BM and Abdella, MM and Shahba, HA and Habib, MR},
title = {Bioactive compounds enrichment in rabbit doe's diet pre-and during pregnancy improves productive and reproductive performance and cost-effectiveness under hot climates.},
journal = {Tropical animal health and production},
volume = {56},
number = {8},
pages = {339},
pmid = {39394384},
issn = {1573-7438},
mesh = {Animals ; Female ; Pregnancy ; Rabbits/physiology ; *Animal Feed/analysis ; *Diet/veterinary ; *Dietary Supplements/analysis ; *Reproduction/drug effects ; Bees/physiology ; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena/drug effects ; Pollen/chemistry ; Phoeniceae/chemistry ; Random Allocation ; Desert Climate ; Male ; },
abstract = {This study aimed to investigate the effect of diet supplementation with a symbiotic (SY), bee pollen (BP), honey bee (HB), date palm pollen (DPP) and their mixture (MIX) on female rabbit productive and reproductive performances under desert hot climates. Seventy-two Californian does of 5 months age and average body weight of 3250 ± 78.2 g were randomly allotted into six groups, each of 12 does. All does orally receive 3 ml distilled water for 10 days before mating and 28 days during pregnancy. Treatments were repeated for four consecutive parities. The first group served as control (C) given distilled water only, however the second, third, fourth and fifth groups were supplemented with 3 ml distilled water containing 0.2 ml SY, 200 mg DPP, 200 mg BP, 0.2 ml HB/doe per day, respectively. While, the sixth group does were given all previous ingredients (MIX). Sexual receptivity rate, fertility rate, kindling rate, and newborn traits were recorded. Also, maternal feed intake, feed conversion ratio, and digestibility coefficients of nutrients were recorded. Does in all groups were artificially inseminated with 0.5 ml of fresh heterospermic semen of 15 fertile bucks extended in Tris at 806-1006 sperm/ml. Treatment increased maternal body weight and daily gain with highest values (P < 0.05) in BP, SY, and MIX does. All treatments enhanced feed intake and feed conversion ratio (FCR) compared with control. Number services per conception decreased (P < 0.01), while litter size and weight and survival at birth and weaning increased (P < 0.01) in treated than control does. Treated does produced more milk than control. Digestibility coefficients of all nutrients were improved (P < 0.01) in treated does. In conclusion, supporting rabbit does pre- and during pregnancy with diets supplemented with a mixture of honey bee, date palm pollen, bee pollen, and synbiotic improves the productive and reproductive performances of rabbit does and their offspring.},
}
@article {pmid39394205,
year = {2024},
author = {Pan, W and Wang, X and Ren, C and Jiang, X and Gong, S and Xie, Z and Wong, NK and Li, X and Huang, J and Fan, D and Luo, P and Yang, Y and Ren, X and Yu, S and Qin, Z and Wu, X and Huo, D and Ma, B and Liu, Y and Zhang, X and E, Z and Liang, J and Sun, H and Yuan, L and Liu, X and Cheng, C and Long, H and Li, J and Wang, Y and Hu, C and Chen, T},
title = {Sea cucumbers and their symbiotic microbiome have evolved to feed on seabed sediments.},
journal = {Nature communications},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {8825},
pmid = {39394205},
issn = {2041-1723},
support = {42176132//National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China)/ ; 41906101//National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China)/ ; 2022YFD2401301//Ministry of Science and Technology of the People&apos;s Republic of China (Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology)/ ; 2024A1515010899//Guangdong Science and Technology Department (Science and Technology Department, Guangdong Province)/ ; 2024A1515011418//Guangdong Science and Technology Department (Science and Technology Department, Guangdong Province)/ ; HJWK-2021-21//Shanghai Educational Development Foundation/ ; 2024-MRB-00-001//Administration of Ocean and Fisheries of Guangdong Province/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Symbiosis ; *Geologic Sediments/microbiology ; *Sea Cucumbers/microbiology/genetics ; *Glycoside Hydrolases/genetics/metabolism ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome/genetics/physiology ; Holothuria/microbiology/physiology/genetics ; Phylogeny ; Biological Evolution ; Ecosystem ; Feeding Behavior/physiology ; Microbiota/genetics/physiology ; Bacteria/genetics/classification/isolation &amp; purification ; },
abstract = {Sea cucumbers are predominant deposit feeders in benthic ecosystems, providing protective benefits to coral reefs by reducing disease prevalence. However, how they receive sufficient nutrition from seabed sediments remains poorly understood. Here, we investigate Holothuria leucospilota, an ecologically significant tropical sea cucumber, to elucidate digestive mechanisms underlying marine deposit-feeding. Genomic analysis reveals intriguing evolutionary adaptation characterized by an expansion of digestive carbohydrase genes and a contraction of digestive protease genes, suggesting specialization in digesting microalgae. Developmentally, two pivotal dietary shifts, namely, from endogenous nutrition to planktonic feeding, and from planktonic feeding to deposit feeding, induce changes in digestive tract enzyme profiles, with adults mainly expressing carbohydrases and lipases. A nuanced symbiotic relationship exists between gut microbiota and the host, namely, specific resident bacteria supply crucial enzymes for food digestion, while other bacteria are digested and provide assimilable nutrients. Our study further identifies Holothuroidea lineage-specific lysozymes that are restrictedly expressed in the intestines to support bacterial digestion. Overall, this work advances our knowledge of the evolutionary innovations in the sea cucumber digestive system which enable them to efficiently utilize nutrients from seabed sediments and promote food recycling within marine ecosystems.},
}
@article {pmid39393625,
year = {2024},
author = {Jin, G and Jeong, JS and Kim, IH and Kim, Y},
title = {Suppression of a transcriptional regulator, HexA, is essential for triggering the bacterial virulence of the entomopathogen, Xenorhabdus hominickii.},
journal = {Journal of invertebrate pathology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {108219},
doi = {10.1016/j.jip.2024.108219},
pmid = {39393625},
issn = {1096-0805},
abstract = {A nematode-symbiotic bacterium, Xenorhabdus hominickii, exhibits two distinct lifestyles. Upon infection of its host nematode into a target insect, X. hominickii is released into the insect hemocoel and becomes pathogenic. This study examines the critical transformation in bacterial life forms concerning the activity of a transcriptional regulator, HexA. When X. hominickii was cultured in tryptic soy broth, HexA was expressed during the stationary phase of bacterial growth. Conversely, HexA was expressed in the early growth stage within the insect host, Spodoptera exigua, when infected with X. hominickii. The transient expression of HexA was succeeded by the expression of another transcriptional regulator, Lrp, which led to the production of bacterial virulent factors. Expression of HexA was manipulated by replacing its promoter with an inducible promoter controlled by the inducer, l-arabinose. In the absence of the inducer, the mutant bacteria expressed HexA at a low level, resulting in a bacterial culture broth that was more effective at suppressing insect immune responses than the wild type. When the inducer was added, HexA was expressed at high levels, rendering the culture broth ineffective in immunosuppression. Interestingly, expression of HexA inhibited the expression of another transcriptional regulator, Lrp, which in turn induced the expression of a non-ribosomal peptide synthetase, gxpS, leading to the production of an immunosuppressive metabolite, GXP. Suppression of HexA expression in mutant bacteria augmented GXP levels in secondary metabolites. This indicates that infection of X. hominickii into the insect host represses HexA expression and upregulates Lrp expression, leading to GXP production. The GXP metabolites inhibit insect immunity, thus protecting the bacteria-nematode complex. Therefore, the suppression of HexA expression in the insect hemocoel is crucial for the bacteria's transition from a symbiotic to a pathogenic life form.},
}
@article {pmid39393323,
year = {2024},
author = {Azeem, I and Wang, Q and Adeel, M and Shakoor, N and Zain, M and Khan, AA and Li, Y and Azeem, K and Nadeem, M and Zhu, G and Yukui, R},
title = {Assessing the combined impacts of microplastics and nickel oxide nanomaterials on soybean growth and nitrogen fixation potential.},
journal = {Journal of hazardous materials},
volume = {480},
number = {},
pages = {136062},
doi = {10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.136062},
pmid = {39393323},
issn = {1873-3336},
abstract = {The excessive presence of polystyrene microplastic (PS-MPx) and nickel oxide nanomaterials (NiO-NPs) in agriculture ecosystem have gained serious attention about their effect on the legume root-nodule symbiosis and biological nitrogen fixation (BNF). However, the impact of these contaminants on the root-nodule symbiosis and biological N2-fixation have been largely overlooked. The current findings highlighted that NiO-NMs at 50 mg kg[-1] improved nodule formation and N2-fixation potential, leading to enhanced N2 uptake by both roots and shoots, resulting in increased plant growth and development. While single exposure of PS-MPx (500 mg kg[-1]) significantly reduced the photosynthetic pigment (8-14 %), phytohormones (9-25 %), nodules biomass (24 %), N2-related enzymes (12-17 %) that ultimately affected the N2-fixation potential. Besides, co-exposure of MPx and NiO at 100 mg kg[-1] altered the nodule morphology. Additionally, single and co-exposure of MPx and NiO-NMs at 100 mg kg[-1] reduced the relative abundance of Proteobacteria, Gemmatimonadota, Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, and Bacteroidetes is associated with N2-cycling and N2-fixation potential. The findings of this study will contribute to understanding the potential risks posed by MPx and NiO-NMs to leguminous crops in the soil environment and provide scientific insights into the soybean N2-fixation potential.},
}
@article {pmid39388223,
year = {2024},
author = {Alcaraz, CM and Séneca, J and Kunert, M and Pree, C and Sudo, M and Petersen, JM},
title = {Sulfur-oxidizing symbionts colonize the digestive tract of their Lucinid hosts.},
journal = {The ISME journal},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/ismejo/wrae200},
pmid = {39388223},
issn = {1751-7370},
abstract = {Like many marine invertebrates, marine lucinid clams have an intimate relationship with beneficial sulfur-oxidizing bacteria located within specialized gill cells known as bacteriocytes. Most previous research has focused on the symbionts in the gills of these (and other) symbiotic bivalves, often assuming that the symbionts only persistently colonize the gills, at least in the adult stage. We used 16S rRNA gene sequencing and digital polymerase chain reaction with symbiont-specific primers targeting the soxB gene on the foot, mantle, visceral mass, and gills of the lucinid clam Loripes orbiculatus. We also used fluorescence in situ hybridization with symbiont-specific probes to examine symbiont distribution at the level of the whole holobiont. Despite 40 years of research on these symbioses, we detected previously unknown populations of symbiont cells in several organs, including the digestive tract. As in the well-studied gills, symbionts in the digestive tract may be housed within host cells. A 14-month starvation experiment without hydrogen sulfide to power symbiont metabolism caused a larger reduction in symbiont numbers in the gills compared to the visceral mass, raising the possibility that symbionts in the digestive tract are persistent and may have a distinct physiology and role in the symbiosis compared with the gill symbionts. Our results highlight the unexpectedly complex relationships between marine lucinid clams and their symbionts and challenge the view that chemosynthetic symbionts are restricted to the gills of these hosts.},
}
@article {pmid39387588,
year = {2024},
author = {Waller, RF and Carruthers, VB},
title = {Adaptations and metabolic evolution of myzozoan protists across diverse lifestyles and environments.},
journal = {Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e0019722},
doi = {10.1128/mmbr.00197-22},
pmid = {39387588},
issn = {1098-5557},
abstract = {SUMMARYMyzozoans encompass apicomplexans and dinoflagellates that manifest diverse lifestyles in highly varied environments. They show enormous propensity to employ different metabolic programs and exploit different nutrient resources and niches, and yet, they share much core biology that underlies this evolutionary success and impact. This review discusses apicomplexan parasites of medical significance and the traits and properties they share with non-pathogenic myzozoans. These include the versatility of myzozoan plastids, which scale from fully photosynthetic organelles to the site of very select key metabolic pathways. Pivotal evolutionary innovations, such as the apical complex, have allowed myzozoans to shift from predatory to parasitic and other symbiotic lifestyles multiple times in both apicomplexan and dinoflagellate branches of the myzozoan evolutionary tree. Such traits, along with shared mechanisms for nutrient acquisition, appear to underpin the prosperity of myzozoans in their varied habitats. Understanding the mechanisms of these shared traits has the potential to spawn new strategic interventions against medically and veterinary relevant parasites within this grouping.},
}
@article {pmid39391716,
year = {2024},
author = {Pisarz, F and Rabbachin, L and Platz, F and Regaiolo, A and Heermann, R},
title = {Lights off - Role of bioluminescence for the biology of the biocontrol agent Photorhabdus luminescens.},
journal = {iScience},
volume = {27},
number = {10},
pages = {110977},
pmid = {39391716},
issn = {2589-0042},
abstract = {Bioluminescence is found across various organisms having crucial functions for biotic interactions and stress adaptation. The only known terrestrial bioluminescent bacteria are entomopathogenic bacteria of the genus Photorhabdus. However, the reason why these bacteria produce light is not understood. P. luminescens exists in two cell forms called primary (1°) and secondary (2°) cells. The 1° cells colonize the nematode symbiosis partner and produce bright light, whereas 2° cells colonize plant roots only emitting weak light. Here we show that bioluminescence is important but not essential for the biology of the bacteria. Deletion of the luxCDABE operon in 1° cells impaired insect pathogenicity and nematode interaction. The complete loss of light of 2° cells resulted in enhanced plant root colonization, enhanced haemolysis, and reduced oxidative stress adaptation. Since bioluminescence is not essential for the survival of the bacteria, P. luminescens Δlux 1° and 2° emerged as useful tools for bioluminescence-based reporter assays.},
}
@article {pmid39391610,
year = {2024},
author = {Zhang, J and Zhao, Z and Feng, Y and Wang, J and Zong, X and Wang, E},
title = {Rhizobium acaciae and R. anhuiense are the dominant rhizobial symbionts of Pisum sativum L. from Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau.},
journal = {Frontiers in microbiology},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1437586},
pmid = {39391610},
issn = {1664-302X},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study is to investigate the diversity and geographic distribution of pea-nodulating rhizobia in the subtropical region of Yunnan Province from Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau.<br><br>METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 615 rhizobial isolates were obtained from root nodules of the trapping plants and characterized genetically and symbiotically. The isolates discriminated into 43 genotypes by PCR-RFLP of IGS DNA. Multiple locus sequence analysis based on 16S rRNA, recA, atpD, dnaK, and rpoB genes placed them into eight clusters corresponding to species R. acaciae, R. anhuiense, R. binae, R. bangladeshense, R. hidalgonense, and three suspected novel populations of Rhizobium genosp. I-III. R. acaciae was the dominant group (52.5%) followed by R. anhuiense (30.7%). The other species were minor groups. Based on nodC phylogeny, all of them were the symbiovar viciae. All the tested strains showed efficient symbiotic N2 fixation on pea plants, in which WLB27, WCB18, and WNY29 presented the best PGP effects. Some of the tested strains had better IAA production, with WCB18 as the best producer (64.556&#x2009;mg/L). Their distribution was mainly affected by soil available phosphorus, available potassium, and effective nitrogen. According to the results of symbiotic effect and resistance tests, strains of WLB27, WCB18, and WNY29 were selected as candidates for creating inoculants.<br><br>DISCUSSION: This suggests that the pea-nodulating rhizobia in Yunnan Province form a unique community. The results gave some novel information about the diversity, diversification, and biogeography of pea-nodulating rhizobia.},
}
@article {pmid39390520,
year = {2024},
author = {Cai, Q and Codjia, JEI and Buyck, B and Cui, YY and Ryberg, M and Yorou, NS and Yang, ZL},
title = {The evolution of ectomycorrhizal symbiosis and host-plant switches are the main drivers for diversification of Amanitaceae (Agaricales, Basidiomycota).},
journal = {BMC biology},
volume = {22},
number = {1},
pages = {230},
pmid = {39390520},
issn = {1741-7007},
mesh = {*Mycorrhizae/physiology/genetics ; *Symbiosis ; *Biological Evolution ; *Phylogeny ; Agaricales/genetics/physiology ; Biodiversity ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Evolutionary radiation is widely recognized as a mode of species diversification, but the drivers of the rapid diversification of fungi remain largely unknown. Here, we used Amanitaceae, one of the most diverse families of macro-fungi, to investigate the mechanism underlying its diversification.<br><br>RESULTS: The ancestral state of the nutritional modes was assessed based on phylogenies obtained from fragments of 36 single-copy genes and stable isotope analyses of carbon and nitrogen. Moreover, a number of time-, trait-, and paleotemperature-dependent models were employed to investigate if the acquisition of ectomycorrhizal (ECM) symbiosis and climate changes promoted the diversification of Amanitaceae. The results indicate that the evolution of ECM symbiosis has a single evolutionary origin in Amanitaceae. The earliest increase in diversification coincided with the acquisition of the ECM symbiosis with angiosperms in the middle Cretaceous. The recent explosive diversification was primarily triggered by the host-plant switches from angiosperms to the mixed forests dominated by Fagaceae, Salicaceae, and Pinaceae or to Pinaceae.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Our study provides a good example of integrating phylogeny, nutritional mode evolution, and ecological analyses for deciphering the mechanisms underlying fungal evolutionary diversification. This study also provides new insights into how the transition to ECM symbiosis has driven the diversification of fungi.},
}
@article {pmid39389705,
year = {2024},
author = {Zhen, Q and Wang, X and Cheng, X and Fang, W},
title = {Remediation of toxic metal and metalloid pollution with plant symbiotic fungi.},
journal = {Advances in applied microbiology},
volume = {129},
number = {},
pages = {171-187},
doi = {10.1016/bs.aambs.2024.04.001},
pmid = {39389705},
issn = {0065-2164},
mesh = {*Plants/microbiology ; *Symbiosis ; *Biodegradation, Environmental ; *Metalloids/metabolism/toxicity ; *Soil Pollutants/metabolism/toxicity ; *Fungi/metabolism/genetics ; *Mycorrhizae/metabolism/physiology ; Endophytes/metabolism/physiology/isolation &amp; purification/genetics ; Metals/metabolism/toxicity ; Soil Microbiology ; },
abstract = {Anthropogenic activities have dramatically accelerated the release of toxic metal(loid)s into soil and water, which can be subsequently accumulated in plants and animals, threatening biodiversity, human health, and food security. Compared to physical and chemical remediation, bioremediation of metal(loid)-polluted soil using plants and/or plant symbiotic fungi is usually low-cost and environmentally friendly. Mycorrhizal fungi and endophytic fungi are two major plant fungal symbionts. Mycorrhizal fungi can immobilize metal(loid)s via constitutive mechanisms, including intracellular sequestration with vacuoles and vesicles and extracellular immobilization by cell wall components and extracellular polymeric substances such as glomalin. Mycorrhizal fungi can improve the efficacy of phytoremediation by promoting plant symplast and apoplast pathways. Endophytic fungi also use constitutive cellular components to immobilize metal(loid)s and to reduce the accumulation of metal(loid)s in plants by modifying plant physiological status. However, a specific mechanism for the removal of methylmercury pollution was recently discovered in the endophytic fungi Metarhizium, which could be acquired from bacteria via horizontal gene transfer. In contrast to mycorrhizal fungi that are obligate biotrophs, some endophytic fungi, such as Metarhizium and Trichoderma, can be massively and cost-effectively produced, so they seem to be well-placed for remediation of metal(loid)-polluted soil on a large scale.},
}
@article {pmid39389311,
year = {2024},
author = {Sainz, TP and Sahu, V and Gomez, JA and Dcunha, NJ and Basi, AV and Kettlun, C and Sarami, I and Burks, JK and Sampath, D and Vega, F},
title = {Role of the crosstalk B:neoplastic T follicular helper (TFH) cells in the pathobiology of nodal TFH cell lymphomas.},
journal = {Laboratory investigation; a journal of technical methods and pathology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {102147},
doi = {10.1016/j.labinv.2024.102147},
pmid = {39389311},
issn = {1530-0307},
abstract = {Angioimmunoblastic T cell lymphoma (AITL), the most common form of peripheral T cell lymphoma, originates from follicular helper T (Tfh) cells and is notably resistant to current treatments. The disease progression and maintenance, at least in early stages, are driven by a complex interplay between neoplastic Tfh and clusters of B-cells within the tumor microenvironment, mirroring the functional crosstalk observed inside germinal centers. This interaction is further complicated by recurrent mutations, such as TET2 and DNMT3A, which are present in both Tfh cells and B cells. These findings suggest that the symbiotic relationship between these two cell types could represent a therapeutic vulnerability. This review examines the key components and signaling mechanisms involved in the synapses between B cells and Tfh cells, emphasizing their significant role in the pathobiology of AITL and potential as therapeutic targets.},
}
@article {pmid39388764,
year = {2024},
author = {Crouch, LI and Rodrigues, CS and Bakshani, CR and Tavares-Gomes, L and Gaifem, J and Pinho, SS},
title = {The role of glycans in health and disease: Regulators of the interaction between gut microbiota and host immune system.},
journal = {Seminars in immunology},
volume = {73},
number = {},
pages = {101891},
doi = {10.1016/j.smim.2024.101891},
pmid = {39388764},
issn = {1096-3618},
abstract = {The human gut microbiota is home to a diverse collection of microorganisms that has co-evolved with the host immune system in which host-microbiota interactions are essential to preserve health and homeostasis. Evidence suggests that the perturbation of this symbiotic host-microbiome relationship contributes to the onset of major diseases such as chronic inflammatory diseases including Inflammatory Bowel Disease. The host glycocalyx (repertoire of glycans/sugar-chains at the surface of gut mucosa) constitutes a major biological and physical interface between the intestinal mucosa and microorganisms, as well as with the host immune system. Glycans are an essential niche for microbiota colonization and thus an important modulator of host-microorganism interactions both in homeostasis and in disease. In this review, we discuss the role of gut mucosa glycome as an instrumental pathway that regulates host-microbiome interactions in homeostasis but also in health to inflammation transition. We also discuss the power of mucosa glycosylation remodelling as an attractive preventive and therapeutic strategy to preserve gut homeostasis.},
}
@article {pmid39387919,
year = {2024},
author = {Zhang, H and Xiao, Y},
title = {Contribution of mycorrhizal symbiosis and root strategy to red clover aboveground biomass under nitrogen addition and phosphorus distribution.},
journal = {Mycorrhiza},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {39387919},
issn = {1432-1890},
abstract = {Soil nutrients exhibit heterogeneity in their spatial distribution, presenting challenges to plant acquisition. Notably, phosphorus (P) heterogeneity is a characteristic feature of soil, necessitating the development of adaptive strategies by plants to cope with this phenomenon. To address this, fully crossed three-factor experiments were conducted using red clover within rhizoboxes. Positions of P in three conditions, included P even distribution (even P), P close distribution (close P), and P far distribution (far P). Concurrently, N addition was two amounts(0 and 20 mg kg[- 1]), both with and without AMF inoculation. The findings indicated a decrease in aboveground biomass attributable to uneven P distribution, whereas N and AMF demonstrated the potential to affect aboveground biomass. In a structural equation model, AMF primarily increased aboveground biomass by enhancing nodule number and specific leaf area (SLA). In contrast, N addition improved aboveground biomass through increased nodule number or direct effects. Subsequently, a random forest model indicated that under the far P treatment, fine root length emerged as the primary factor affecting aboveground biomass, followed by thickest root length. Conversely, in the even P treatment, the thickest root length was of paramount importance. In summary, when confronted with uneven P distribution, clover plants adopted various root foraging strategies. AMF played a pivotal role in elevating nodule number, and SLA.},
}
@article {pmid39386759,
year = {2024},
author = {Kumazawa, M and Ifuku, K},
title = {Unraveling the evolutionary trajectory of LHCI in red-lineage algae: Conservation, diversification, and neolocalization.},
journal = {iScience},
volume = {27},
number = {10},
pages = {110897},
pmid = {39386759},
issn = {2589-0042},
abstract = {Red algae and the secondary symbiotic algae that engulfed a red alga as an endosymbiont are called red-lineage algae. Several photosystem (PS) I-light-harvesting complex I (LHCI) structures have been reported from red-lineage algae-two red algae Cyanidioschyzon merolae (Cyanidiophyceae) and Porphyridium purpureum (Rhodophytina), a diatom, and a Cryptophyte. Here, we clarified the orthologous relation of LHCIs by combining a detailed phylogenetic analysis and the structural information of PSI-LHCI. We found that the seven Lhcr groups in LHCI are conserved in Rhodophytina; furthermore, during both genome reduction in Cyanidioschyzonales and endosymbiosis leading to Cryptophyta, some LHCIs were lost and replaced by existing or differentiated LHCIs. We denominate "neolocalization" to these examples of flexible reorganization of LHCIs. This study provides insights into the evolutionary process of LHCIs in red-lineage algae and clarifies the need for both molecular phylogeny and structural information to elucidate the plausible evolutionary history of LHCI.},
}
@article {pmid39386430,
year = {2024},
author = {Smith, S and Bongrand, C and Lawhorn, S and Ruby, EG and Septer, AN},
title = {Application of hsp60 amplicon sequencing to characterize microbial communities associated with juvenile and adult Euprymna scolopes squid.},
journal = {bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1101/2024.09.23.614625},
pmid = {39386430},
issn = {2692-8205},
abstract = {The symbiotic relationship between Vibrio (Aliivibrio) fischeri and the Hawaiian bobtail squid, Euprymna scolopes , serves as a key model for understanding host-microbe interactions. Traditional culture-based methods have primarily isolated V. fischeri from the light organs of wild-caught squid, yet culture-independent analyses of this symbiotic microbiome remain limited. This study aims to enhance species-level resolution of bacterial communities associated with E. scolopes using hsp60 amplicon sequencing. We validated our hsp60 sequencing approach using pure cultures and mixed bacterial populations, demonstrating its ability to distinguish V. fischeri from other closely-related vibrios and the possibility of using this approach for strain-level diversity with further optimization. This approach was applied to whole-animal juvenile squid exposed to either seawater or a clonal V. fischeri inoculum, as well as ventate samples and light organ cores from wild-caught adults. V. fischeri accounted for the majority of the identifiable taxa for whole-animal juvenile samples and comprised 94%-99% of amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) for adult light organ core samples, confirming that V. fischeri is the dominant, if not sole, symbiont typically associated with E. scolopes light organs. In one ventate sample, V. fischeri comprised 82% of reads, indicating the potential for non-invasive community assessments using this approach. Analysis of non- V. fischeri ASVs revealed that Bradyrhizobium spp . and other members of the Rhodobacterales order are conserved across juvenile and adult samples. These findings provide insight into the presence of additional microbial associations with the squid host tissue outside of the light organ that have not been previously detected through traditional culture methods.},
}
@article {pmid39384701,
year = {2024},
author = {Lafont, R and Dinan, L},
title = {Insect Sterols and Steroids.},
journal = {Advances in experimental medicine and biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {39384701},
issn = {0065-2598},
abstract = {Insects are incapable of biosynthesising sterols de novo so they need to obtain them from their diets or, in certain cases, from symbiotic microorganisms. Sterols serve a structural role in cellular membranes and act as precursors for signalling molecules and defence compounds. Many phytophagous insects dealkylate phytosterols to yield primarily cholesterol, which is also the main sterol that carnivorous and omnivorous insects obtain in their diets. Some phytophagous species have secondarily lost the capacity to dealkylate and consequently use phytosterols for structural and functional roles. The polyhydroxylated steroid hormones of insects, the ecdysteroids, are derived from cholesterol (or phytosterols in non-dealkylating phytophagous species) and regulate many crucial aspects of insect development and reproduction by means of precisely regulated titres resulting from controlled synthesis, storage and further metabolism/excretion. Ecdysteroids differ significantly from vertebrate steroid hormones in their chemical, biochemical and biological properties. Defensive steroids (cardenolides, bufadienolides, cucurbitacins and ecdysteroids) can be accumulated from host plants or biosynthesised within the insect, depending on species, stored in significant amounts in the insect and released when it is attacked. Other allelochemical steroids serve as pheromones. Vertebrate-type steroids have also been conclusively identified from insect sources, but debate continues about their significance. Side chain dealkylation of phytosterols, ecdysteroid metabolism and ecdysteroid mode of action are targets of potential insect control strategies.},
}
@article {pmid39384285,
year = {2024},
author = {Vishwakarma, K and Buckley, S and Plett, JM and Lundberg-Felten, J and Jämtgård, S and Plett, KL},
title = {Pisolithus microcarpus isolates with contrasting abilities to colonise Eucalyptus grandis exhibit significant differences in metabolic signalling.},
journal = {Fungal biology},
volume = {128},
number = {7},
pages = {2157-2166},
doi = {10.1016/j.funbio.2024.09.001},
pmid = {39384285},
issn = {1878-6146},
mesh = {*Eucalyptus/microbiology/metabolism ; *Plant Roots/microbiology ; *Symbiosis ; *Mycorrhizae/metabolism/physiology ; Basidiomycota/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Metabolome ; },
abstract = {Biotic factors in fungal exudates impact plant-fungal symbioses establishment. Mutualistic ectomycorrhizal fungi play various ecological roles in forest soils by interacting with trees. Despite progress in understanding secreted fungal signals, dynamics of signal production in situ before or during direct host root contact remain unclear. We need to better understand how variability in intra-species fungal signaling at these stages impacts symbiosis with host tissues. Using the ECM model Pisolithus microcarpus, we selected two isolates (Si9 and Si14) with different abilities to colonize Eucalyptus grandis roots. Hypothesizing that distinct early signalling and metabolite profiles between these isolates would influence colonization and symbiosis, we used microdialysis to non-destructively collect secreted metabolites from either the fungus, host, or both, capturing the dynamic interplay of pre-symbiotic signalling over 48 hours. Our findings revealed significant differences in metabolite profiles between Si9 and Si14, grown alone or with a host root. Si9, with lower colonization efficiency than Si14, secreted a more diverse range of compounds, including lipids, oligopeptides, and carboxylic acids. In contrast, Si14's secretions, similar to the host's, included more aminoglycosides. This study emphasizes the importance of intra-specific metabolomic diversity in ectomycorrhizal fungi, suggesting that early metabolite secretion is crucial for establishing successful mutualistic relationships.},
}
@article {pmid39384161,
year = {2024},
author = {Iwai, S},
title = {A simple model and rules for the evolution of microbial mutualistic symbiosis with positive fitness feedbacks.},
journal = {Theoretical population biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.tpb.2024.09.002},
pmid = {39384161},
issn = {1096-0325},
abstract = {The evolution of microbe-microbe mutualistic symbiosis is considered to be promoted by repeated exchanges of fitness benefits, which can generate positive fitness feedbacks ('partner fidelity feedback') between species. However, previous evolutionary models for mutualism have not captured feedback dynamics or coupling of fitness between species. Here, a simple population model is developed to understand the evolution of mutualistic symbiosis in which two microbial species (host and symbiont) continuously grow and exchange fitness benefits to generate feedback dynamics but do not strictly control each other. The assumption that individual microbes provide constant amounts of resources, which are equally divided among interacting partner individual, enables us to reveal a simple rule for the evolution of costly mutualism with positive fitness feedbacks: the product of the benefit-to-cost ratios for each species exceeds one. When this condition holds, high cooperative investment levels are favored in both species regardless of the amount invested by each partner. The model is then extended to examine how symbiont mutation, immigration, or switching affects the spread of selfish or cooperative symbionts, which decrease and increase their investment levels, respectively. In particular, when a host associates with numerous symbionts without enforcement, neither mutation nor immigration but rather random switching would allow the spread of cooperative symbionts. Examples using symbiont switching for evolution would include large ciliates hosting numerous intracellular endosymbionts. The simple model and rules would provide a basis for understanding the evolution of microbe-microbe mutualistic symbiosis with positive fitness feedbacks and without enforcement mechanisms.},
}
@article {pmid39383364,
year = {2024},
author = {Santos, VJD and Barros, G and Moreira, TF and Giovenardi, AR and Magalhães, JB and Steffen, GPK and Stürmer, SL and Silva, RFD},
title = {Occurrence and diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis - Aquifoliaceae) cultivation environments.},
journal = {Brazilian journal of biology = Revista brasleira de biologia},
volume = {84},
number = {},
pages = {e282738},
doi = {10.1590/1519-6984.282738},
pmid = {39383364},
issn = {1678-4375},
mesh = {*Mycorrhizae/classification/physiology ; *Ilex paraguariensis/microbiology/chemistry ; *Biodiversity ; Soil Microbiology ; Brazil ; Phosphorus/analysis ; },
abstract = {Yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis) represents a culture of economic, social, and ecological importance for the cultivation regions. Due to the chemical, physical, and biological variations that occur in the different soils where yerba mate is economically exploited, the symbiotic associations with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) guarantee the plant's ability to absorb nutrients. The purpose of this study was to identify and quantify the occurrence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in different environments of yerba mate cultivation. The research was performed in four areas located in the rural area of the municipality of Seberi/RS: Environment with production of yerba mate in the conventional system, silvopastoral system, organic system, and native forest. The normality of residuals and homogeneity of variances assumptions were verified using the Lilliefors and Chi-square tests and the averages compared by the Tukey's test at 5% probability of error. In addition to calculations of diversity, equivalent species, and evenness indices. The presence of AMF spores showed a direct relationship with the phosphorus (P) availability in each treatment, with a count reduction in the organic system, with P content lower than 3 mg kg-1 of soil. The species with the highest predominance were the Acaulosporaceae (Acaulospora colombiana, A. delicata, and A. tuberculata), followed by the Glomaceae (Glomus ambisporum and Glomus pansihalos) in the conventional and silvopastoral systems. The silvopastoral and conventional systems showed the highest levels of Shannon-Weaver diversity (H') and Pielou's evenness, demonstrating greater diversity and consequently greater richness and uniformity.},
}
@article {pmid39382706,
year = {2024},
author = {Solans, M and Tadey, M and Messuti, MI and Cortada, A and Zambrano, VL and Riádigos, E and Wall, LG and Scervino, JM},
title = {Do Streptomyces sp. Help Mycorrhization in Raspberry?.},
journal = {Current microbiology},
volume = {81},
number = {11},
pages = {399},
pmid = {39382706},
issn = {1432-0991},
support = {PIP 1220170100235CO//CONICET/ ; PIP 2021-2023//CONICET/ ; (04/B256)//UNComahue/ ; 04/B253//UNComahue/ ; PICT-2021-I-GRF2//FONCyT/ ; PICT 2021-01283//FONCyt/ ; },
mesh = {*Mycorrhizae/physiology ; *Rubus/microbiology/growth &amp; development ; *Streptomyces/metabolism/growth &amp; development/physiology ; *Symbiosis ; *Soil Microbiology ; Argentina ; Plant Roots/microbiology ; },
abstract = {Actinobacteria may help the mycorrhizal symbiosis by producing various bioactive metabolites. Mycorrhizae, in turn, are very important since they increase the absorption of nutrients, promoting the growth of their host plant and making inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizae fungi (AM) a common practice applied in agriculture and forestry. The cultivation of Rubus idaeus (raspberry) is widespread in Patagonia, Argentina; however, the potential benefits of using actinobacteria-mycorrhizal inoculums to enhance crop growth and yield remain unexplored. The objective of this work was to study the interaction between actinobacteria (Streptomyces, Actinomycetota) and AM in raspberry plants. We performed an experiment applying 4 treatments to raspberry plants growing in two substrates, sterile soil and natural (non-sterile) soil. The treatments consisted in a control (without inoculation) and three inoculations treatments (AM, Streptomyces SH9 strain, and AM + Streptomyces). After 3 months of inoculation, mycorrhization parameters (%) and plant growth were recorded. When comparing both substrates, the mycorrhization parameters were higher in natural soil than in sterile soil. The co-inoculation with AM + Streptomyces SH9 showed the highest mycorrhization. Both factors (treatment x substrate) interacted showing that in sterile soil the treatments with the highest effect on mycorrhization parameters were AM and the co-inoculation, while in natural soil all inoculations improved mycorrhization parameters, being highest with the co-inoculation. These results show that Streptomyces SH9 strain helps the mycorrhizal symbiosis in raspberry, being the first report about the effect of a native rhizospheric actinobacterium on an economically important species, promising potential for environmentally friendly improvements in raspberry crops within the temperate Southern Patagonian region.},
}
@article {pmid39381924,
year = {2024},
author = {Marques, A},
title = {Pulmonary rehabilitation and family/friend caregivers: the hidden reciprocal relationship improving outcomes in chronic respiratory diseases.},
journal = {Expert review of respiratory medicine},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-13},
doi = {10.1080/17476348.2024.2407812},
pmid = {39381924},
issn = {1747-6356},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: The experiences and needs of living with chronic respiratory diseases (CRD) can be overwhelming. Individuals often rely on informal care for daily assistance and having a family/friend caregiver has been associated with better health outcomes. Nevertheless, family/friend caregivers frequently feel alone and unsupported. Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) leads to multidimensional benefits across CRD and individuals have suggested improvements for PR. Family/friend caregivers highly support PR in practical and psychosocial ways and have identified this intervention as an opportunity to be supported. This reciprocal relationship between PR and the family/friend caregivers has been scarcely explored and its importance for the management of CRD is poorly understood.<br><br>AREAS COVERED: This perspective synthesizes the experiences and needs of living with CRD from the perspective of people with CRD and their family/friend caregivers; and proposes a vision of a reciprocal/symbiotic relationship, through PR, for optimizing care for people with CRD and their caregivers.<br><br>EXPERT OPINION: A deeper understanding/recognition of the extensiveness and somewhat overlap of the experiences and unmet needs of individuals with CRD and their family/friend caregivers; and of the reciprocal/symbiotic relationship between PR and the family/friend caregivers might be important to optimizing management and, ultimately, individuals and caregivers' outcomes in CRD.},
}
@article {pmid39381622,
year = {2024},
author = {Feng, Y and Kong, L and Zheng, R and Wu, X and Zhou, J and Xu, X and Liu, S},
title = {Adjusted bacterial cooperation in anammox community to adapt to high ammonium in wastewater treatment plant.},
journal = {Water research X},
volume = {25},
number = {},
pages = {100258},
pmid = {39381622},
issn = {2589-9147},
abstract = {Bacterial cooperation is very important for anammox bacteria which perform low-carbon and energy-efficient nitrogen removal, yet its variation to adapt to high NH4 [+]-N concentration in actual wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) remains unclear. Here, we found wide and varied cross-feedings of anammox bacteria and symbiotic bacteria in the two series connected full-scale reactors with different NH4 [+]-N concentrations (297.95 ± 54.84 and 76.03 ± 34.01 mg/L) treating sludge digester liquor. The uptake of vitamin B6 as highly effective antioxidants secreted by the symbiotic bacteria was beneficial for anammox bacteria to resist the high NH4 [+]-N concentration and varied dissolved oxygen (DO). When NH4 [+]-N concentration in influent (1785.46 ± 228.5 mg/L) increased, anammox bacteria tended to reduce the amino acids supply to symbiotic bacteria to save metabolic costs. A total of 26.1% bacterial generalists switched to specialists to increase the stability and functional heterogeneity of the microbial community at high NH4 [+]-N conditions. V/A-type ATPase for anammox bacteria to adapt to the change of NH4 [+]-N was highly important to strive against cellular alkalization caused by free ammonia. This study expands the understanding of the adjusted bacterial cooperation within anammox consortia at high NH4 [+]-N conditions, providing new insights into bacterial adaptation to adverse environments from a sociomicrobiology perspective.},
}
@article {pmid39380678,
year = {2024},
author = {Qiu, HY and Lv, QB and Wang, CR and Ju, H and Luo, CF and Liu, SS and Na, MH and Chang, QC and Jiang, JF},
title = {Microbiota profile in organs of the horseflies (Diptera: Tabanidae) in Northeastern China.},
journal = {Frontiers in microbiology},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1467875},
pmid = {39380678},
issn = {1664-302X},
abstract = {Tabanids, commonly known as horseflies and belonging to the family Tabanidae, are blood-feeding arthropods (BFA) found worldwide. They are known for their ability to mechanically and biologically transmit various animal pathogens. Tabanids are potential vectors for diseases such as Francisella tularensis, Anaplasma marginale, Theileria spp., and contributors to lumpy skin diseases. Despite their involvement in common BFA studies, tabanids have not been extensively explored in microbiome research. In this study, the microbiota structure and composition in various organs of four distinct genera of tabanids: Atylotus, Haematopota, Tabanus, and Hybomitra were examined. High-throughput sequencing of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene was performed to gain insights into the microbial communities associated with the different tabanid species. Result display that microbiota composition and diversity, including Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Bacteroidetes, varied significantly among the different organs, with the ovaries exhibiting significantly higher diversity. Apart from the Haematopota genus, Tenericutes were enriched in the midgut of other tabanid species, whereas the Malpighian tubules exhibited a higher abundance of Bacteroides. Notably, the ovarian microbiota structure was conserved among the four tabanid species, indicating its potential association with reproductive development. Evaluation of the potential pathogen risk revealed putative pathogens in over 100 genera associated with these tabanid commensal organisms. Twenty genera were annotated as zoonotic agents with a high abundance of Citrobacter and Brucella, highlighting the presence of this important group of zoonotic pathogens. Functional predictions of vector-microbiota interactions indicate that microbiota significantly affects vector biological traits and can influence pathogen transmission via direct interactions or by regulating host immunity and nutrition. For the first time, the distribution characteristics and functions of four genera of horsefly microbiota were analyzed, revealing the presence of multiple potential pathogenic microorganisms. These findings provide valuable insights for future research and the development of symbiotic-based strategies to control insect-borne diseases among tabanids.},
}
@article {pmid39380437,
year = {2024},
author = {Fu, JX and Jiao, J and Gai, QY and Fu, YJ and Zhang, ZY and Gao, J and Wang, XQ},
title = {Enhanced Accumulation of Health-Promoting Cajaninstilbene Acid in Pigeon Pea Hairy Root Cultures Cocultured with an Endophytic Fungus during Early Stages of Colonization.},
journal = {Journal of agricultural and food chemistry},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1021/acs.jafc.4c06629},
pmid = {39380437},
issn = {1520-5118},
abstract = {Endophytic fungi can effectively regulate the biosynthesis of health-beneficial metabolites in plants. However, few studies have revealed how the accumulation of host metabolites varies during interactions with endophytic fungi. Here, pigeon pea hairy root cultures (PPHRCs) were cocultured with an endophytic fungus Penicillium rubens to explore the impact on the biosynthesis and accumulation of cajaninstilbene acid (CSA). The results showed that CSA accumulation in PPHRCs increased significantly (15.29-fold) during the early stages of P. rubens colonization (fungal attachment and invasion phases). Once P. rubens successfully colonized the intercellular gap of hairy roots to form a symbiotic relationship, the CSA levels in PPHRCs decreased drastically. Moreover, P. rubens could be recognized by plant pattern recognition receptors that regulate immunity/symbiosis, triggering the expression of genes related to pathogenesis, CSA biosynthesis, and ABC transporter. Overall, P. rubens could enhance the accumulation of health-promoting CSA in PPHRCs during the early stages of colonization.},
}
@article {pmid39380028,
year = {2024},
author = {Bollati, E and Hughes, DJ and Suggett, DJ and Raina, JB and Kühl, M},
title = {Microscale sampling of the coral gastrovascular cavity reveals a gut-like microbial community.},
journal = {Animal microbiome},
volume = {6},
number = {1},
pages = {55},
pmid = {39380028},
issn = {2524-4671},
abstract = {Animal guts contain numerous microbes, which are critical for nutrient assimilation and pathogen defence. While corals and other Cnidaria lack a true differentiated gut, they possess semi-enclosed gastrovascular cavities (GVCs), where vital processes such as digestion, reproduction and symbiotic exchanges take place. The microbiome harboured in GVCs is therefore likely key to holobiont fitness, but remains severely understudied due to challenges of working in these small compartments. Here, we developed minimally invasive methodologies to sample the GVC of coral polyps and characterise the microbial communities harboured within. We used glass capillaries, low dead volume microneedles, or nylon microswabs to sample the gastrovascular microbiome of individual polyps from six species of corals, then applied low-input DNA extraction to characterise the microbial communities from these microliter volume samples. Microsensor measurements of GVCs revealed anoxic or hypoxic micro-niches, which persist even under prolonged illumination with saturating irradiance. These niches harboured microbial communities enriched in putatively microaerophilic or facultatively anaerobic taxa, such as Epsilonproteobacteria. Some core taxa found in the GVC of Lobophyllia hemprichii from the Great Barrier Reef were also detected in conspecific colonies held in aquaria, indicating that these associations are unlikely to be transient. Our findings suggest that the coral GVC is chemically and microbiologically similar to the gut of higher Metazoa. Given the importance of gut microbiomes in mediating animal health, harnessing the coral "gut microbiome" may foster novel active interventions aimed at increasing the resilience of coral reefs to the climate crisis.},
}
@article {pmid39379752,
year = {2024},
author = {Obayashi, K and Kodama, Y},
title = {Dynamics of digestive vacuole differentiation clarified by the observation of living Paramecium bursaria.},
journal = {Protoplasma},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {39379752},
issn = {1615-6102},
support = {23H02529//Japan Society for the Promotion of Science/ ; SDGs Research Project//Shimane University/ ; },
abstract = {Paramecium bursaria is a ciliate species that has a symbiotic relationship with Chlorella spp. This study aimed to elucidate the dynamics of digestive vacuole (DV) differentiation in P. bursaria, using yeast stained with a pH indicator. Previously, DV differentiation in P. bursaria has been classified into eight periods based on fixed-cell observations. However, to understand the behavior and physiology of P. bursaria in its natural state, it is essential to observe living cells. This study presented a novel method using Cornig® Cell-Tak™ to immobilize living P. bursaria cells, which enabled long-term observation of the same cell from the same direction. This technique allowed for real-time observation of DV differentiation, including the relationship between changes in the internal pH of DV and the diameter of DV, yeast budding from the DV membrane by a single cell into the cytoplasm, and separation of a DV containing multiple yeasts into two DVs. This study provides new insights into the dynamic process of DV differentiation in P. bursaria. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the cellular mechanisms underlying the symbiotic relationship between the two organisms and shed light on the complex process of intracellular digestion in ciliates.},
}
@article {pmid39378591,
year = {2024},
author = {Fan, W and Wei, B and Zhu, Y and Lu, X and Wang, Q and Zhao, S and Jia, W},
title = {Deciphering anammox response characteristics and potential mechanisms to polyethylene terephthalate microplastic exposure.},
journal = {Journal of hazardous materials},
volume = {480},
number = {},
pages = {136044},
doi = {10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.136044},
pmid = {39378591},
issn = {1873-3336},
abstract = {Microplastics (MPs) are frequently detected in the wastewater. Herein, the short-term and long-term effects of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) MPs on anammox granular sludge were investigated and the potential response mechanisms were analyzed. Results showed that although short-term exposure of anammox granular sludge to PET-MPs induced a stress response, the nitrogen removal performance was not significantly affected. By contrast, long-term exposure to PET-MPs inhibited nitrogen removal performance with increased exposure time and PET-MP concentration. The total nitrogen removal efficiency (TNRE) decreased by 28.7 % when sludge was exposed to 200 mg/L of PET-MPs. However, the anammox activity recovered with prolonged operation time, and approximately 87 % of the initial TNRE was recovered after three months. Microbial community evolution and metabolic exchange variations were the potential response mechanisms of anammox granular sludge to PET-MP exposure, with PET-MP exposure decreasing the anammox bacteria growth rate and relative symbiotic bacterial abundance in the anammox consortia and hindering cross-feeding pathways. The findings of this study provide novel insight into anammox behavior when treating wastewater containing PET-MPs.},
}
@article {pmid39376799,
year = {2024},
author = {Hathnagoda, R and Gunathilake, P and Buddhinee, T and Welgama, P and Gunarathna, H and Perera, H and Ranasinghe, K},
title = {Diversity and Species Composition of Midgut Symbiotic Bacteria in Culex quinquefasciatus Mosquitoes in Gampaha District, Sri Lanka.},
journal = {Journal of tropical medicine},
volume = {2024},
number = {},
pages = {1832200},
pmid = {39376799},
issn = {1687-9686},
abstract = {Mosquitoes, notorious for their deadly impact as disease vectors, also hold economic value owing to their roles in disease transmission. The present study focuses on the importance of understanding mosquito gut microbiota for implementing innovative vector control strategies, thereby mitigating disease transmission. The study was conducted in the Gampaha Medical Office of Health (MOH) area of Sri Lanka with the focus of elucidating the microbial diversity within the midgut of Culex quinquefasciatus, a crucial step to support ongoing paratransgenesis efforts. Sampling was performed by utilizing standard mosquito sampling techniques and their midgut homogenates were plated on Plate Count Agar to isolate bacteria, which were then identified through biochemical tests. Subsequently, the most abundant bacterial families were subjected to DNA extraction, PCR amplification, and gene sequencing for species identification. The study revealed the presence of four bacterial families (Staphylococcaceae, Streptococcaceae, Neisseriaceae, and Moraxellaceae) in adult mosquitoes, while larvae harbored an additional family, Micrococcaceae. Interestingly, the relative distribution of midgut bacteria varied significantly among field-caught larval and adult strains from different study areas (chi-square = 1.673; P < 0.05), indicating similar bacterial flora across mosquito life stages and geographical locations. Of particular interest is the identification of Lysinibacillus sphaericus, a bacterium with potential for paratransgenesis applications. Given the high mosquito density in the study area, leveraging paratransgenesis for Cx. quinquefasciatus control is recommended. Furthermore, insights into gut microbes could inform the integration of gut microflora from modified strains into existing Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) and Incompatible Insect Technique (IIT) approaches in Sri Lanka.},
}
@article {pmid39375473,
year = {2024},
author = {Ikeda, M and Yamazaki, A and Ohmori, K and Chiang, HW and Shen, CC and Watanabe, T},
title = {Regime shift of skeletal δ[13]C after 1997/1998 El Nino event in Porites coral from Green Island, Taiwan.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {14},
number = {1},
pages = {23332},
pmid = {39375473},
issn = {2045-2322},
mesh = {*Anthozoa/metabolism/physiology ; Animals ; Taiwan ; *Oxygen Isotopes/analysis ; *Carbon Isotopes/analysis ; *El Nino-Southern Oscillation ; Pacific Ocean ; Temperature ; Islands ; Coral Reefs ; },
abstract = {The 1997/1998 El Niño event caused mass coral bleaching and mortality in many tropical and subtropical regions, including corals on Green Island, Taiwan, in the northwestern Pacific Ocean. This study analyzed coral carbon isotope ratios (δ[13]C), oxygen isotope ratios (δ[18]O), and Sr/Ca ratios for 29 years, including the 1997/1998 El Niño period, to examine how high water temperature events are recorded in coral geochemical indicators. Sr/Ca ratios in coral skeletons from Green Island show the lowest peak, means the highest temperature during the 1997/1998 El Niño period. However, we couldn't observe high-temperature events on δ[18]O. Furthermore, a negative δ[13]C shift was observed after El Niño events. The regime shift of δ[13]C might have been caused by temporal bleaching and/or a decrease in symbiotic algae due to high water temperature stress under the continuous decrease in δ[13]C in DIC due to the Suess effect.},
}
@article {pmid39375020,
year = {2024},
author = {Garritano, AN and Zhang, Z and Jia, Y and Allen, MA and Hill, LJ and Kuzhiumparambil, U and Hinkley, C and Raina, JB and Peixoto, RS and Thomas, T},
title = {Simple Porifera holobiont reveals complex interactions between the host, an archaeon, a bacterium, and a phage.},
journal = {The ISME journal},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/ismejo/wrae197},
pmid = {39375020},
issn = {1751-7370},
abstract = {The basal metazoan phylum, Porifera (sponges), is increasingly used as a model to investigate ecological and evolutionary features of microbe-animal symbioses. However, sponges often host complex microbiomes, which has hampered our understanding of their interactions with their microbial symbionts. Here, we describe the discovery and characterisation of the simplest sponge holobiont reported to date, consisting of the deep-sea glass sponge Aphrocalistes beatrix and two newly described microbial symbionts: an autotrophic ammonia-oxidising archaeon and a bacterial heterotroph. Omics analyses and metabolic modelling revealed the dependency of the ammonia-oxidising archaea on sponge-derived ammonia to drive primary production, which in turn supports the bacterium's growth by providing the dicarboxylate fumarate. Furthermore, virus-mediated archaeal lysis appears crucial to overcome the bacterium's vitamin B12 auxotrophy. These findings reveal that the exchange of vitamin B12 and dicarboxylate may be evolutionarily conserved features of symbiosis as they can also be found in interactions between free-living marine bacteria, and between microbes and plants or diatoms.},
}
@article {pmid39375012,
year = {2024},
author = {Cai, T and Nadal-Jimenez, P and Gao, Y and Arai, H and Li, C and Su, C and King, KC and He, S and Li, J and Hurst, GDD and Wan, H},
title = {Insecticide susceptibility in a planthopper pest increases following inoculation with cultured Arsenophonus.},
journal = {The ISME journal},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/ismejo/wrae194},
pmid = {39375012},
issn = {1751-7370},
abstract = {Facultative vertically transmitted symbionts are a common feature of insects that determine many aspects of their hosts' phenotype. Our capacity to understand and exploit these symbioses is commonly compromised by the microbes unculturability and consequent lack of genetic tools, an impediment of particular significance for symbioses of pest and vector species. Previous work had established that insecticide susceptibility of the economically important pest of rice, the brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens, was higher in field-collected lineages that carry Ca. Arsenophonus nilaparvatae. We established Ca. A. nilaparvatae into cell-free culture and used this to establish the complete closed genome of the symbiont. We transformed the strain to express GFP and reintroduced it to N. lugens to track infection in vivo. The symbiont established vertical transmission, generating a discrete infection focus towards the posterior pole of each N. lugens oocyte. This infection focus was retained in early embryogenesis before transition to a diffuse somatic infection in late N. lugens embryos and nymphs. We additionally generated somatic infection in novel host species, but these did not establish vertical transmission. Transinfected planthopper lines acquired the insecticide sensitivity trait, with associated downregulation of the P450 xenobiotic detoxification system of the host. Our results causally establish the role of the symbiont in increasing host insecticide sensitivity with implications for insecticide use and stewardship. Further, the culturability and transformation of this intracellular symbiont, combined with its ease of reintroduction to planthopper hosts, enables novel approaches both for research into symbiosis and into control of insect pest species.},
}
@article {pmid39374864,
year = {2024},
author = {Davidson-Lowe, E and Zainuddin, N and Trase, O and McCarthy, N and Ali, JG},
title = {Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi influence belowground interactions between a specialist root-feeder and its natural enemy.},
journal = {Journal of invertebrate pathology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {108200},
doi = {10.1016/j.jip.2024.108200},
pmid = {39374864},
issn = {1096-0805},
abstract = {As primary producers, plants play a central role in mediating interactions across trophic levels. Although plants are the primary food source for herbivorous insects, they can protect themselves from herbivore damage. Many plants produce toxic compounds that directly reduce herbivore feeding, but plants also protect themselves indirectly by attracting natural enemies of the attacking herbivore through volatile signaling. These so-called tri-trophic interactions have historically been documented aboveground in aerial plant parts but are also known to occur belowground in root systems. In addition to herbivores, plants directly interact with other organisms, which can influence the outcomes of tri-trophic interactions. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are symbiotic soil microbes that colonize the roots of plants and facilitate nutrient uptake. These microbes can alter plant chemistry and subsequent resistance to herbivores. Few studies, however, have shown how AMF affect tri-trophic interactions above- or belowground. This study examines how AMF colonization affects the emission of root volatiles when plants are under attack by western corn rootworm, a problematic pest of corn, and subsequent attraction of entomopathogenic nematodes, a natural enemy of western corn rootworm. Mycorrhizal fungi increased rootworm survival but decreased larval weight. Differences were detected across root volatile profiles, but there was not a clear link between volatile signaling and nematode behavior. Nematodes were more attracted to non-mycorrhizal plants without rootworms and AMF alone in soil, suggesting that AMF may interfere with cues that are used in combination with volatiles which nematodes use to locate prey.},
}
@article {pmid39374750,
year = {2024},
author = {Zhao, A and Li, J and Gao, P and Tang, P and Liu, T and Zhang, X and Liu, X and Chen, C and Zhang, Z and Zheng, Z},
title = {Insight into the responses of the anammox granular sludge system to tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH) during chip wastewater treatment.},
journal = {Environmental research},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {120099},
doi = {10.1016/j.envres.2024.120099},
pmid = {39374750},
issn = {1096-0953},
abstract = {Tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH), an extensively utilized photoresist developer, is frequently present in ammonium-rich wastewater from semiconductor manufacturing, and its substantial ecotoxicity should not be underestimated. This study systematically investigated the effects of TMAH on the anammox granular sludge (AnGS) system and elucidated its inhibitory mechanisms. The results demonstrated that the median inhibitory concentration of TMAH for anammox was 84.85 mg/L. The nitrogen removal performance of the system was significantly decreased after long-term exposure to TMAH (0 - 200 mg/L) for 30 days (p < 0.05), but it showed adaptability to certain concentrations (≤ 50 mg/L). Concurrently, the stability of the granules decreased dramatically, resulting in the breakdown of AnGS. Further investigations indicated that TMAH exposure increased the secretion of extracellular polymeric substances but weakened their defense function. The increase in reactive oxygen species resulted in damage to the cell membrane. Reduced activity of anammox bacteria, impeded electron transfer, and changes in enzyme activity suggested that TMAH affected the metabolic activity. Microbiological analysis revealed that TMAH caused a decrease in the abundance of anammox bacteria and a weakening of symbiotic interactions within the microbial community. These results provide valuable guidance for the AnGS system application in chip wastewater treatment.},
}
@article {pmid39374006,
year = {2024},
author = {Thaggard, GC and Kankanamalage, BKPM and Park, KC and Lim, J and Quetel, MA and Naik, M and Shustova, NB},
title = {Switching from Molecules to Functional Materials: Breakthroughs in Photochromism With MOFs.},
journal = {Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e2410067},
doi = {10.1002/adma.202410067},
pmid = {39374006},
issn = {1521-4095},
support = {DMR-2103722//NSF/ ; DGE-2034711//National Science Foundation's Graduate Research Fellowship/ ; //the Camille and Henry Dreyfus Foundation/ ; //Institute of Advanced Study at the Technical University of Munich/ ; //the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation/ ; },
abstract = {Photochromic materials with properties that can be dynamically tailored as a function of external stimuli are a rapidly expanding field driven by applications in areas ranging from molecular computing, nanotechnology, or photopharmacology to programable heterogeneous catalysis. Challenges arise, however, when translating the rapid, solution-like response of stimuli-responsive moieties to solid-state materials due to the intermolecular interactions imposed through close molecular packing in bulk solids. As a result, the integration of photochromic compounds into synthetically programable porous matrices, such as metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), has come to the forefront as an emerging strategy for photochromic material development. This review highlights how the core principles of reticular chemistry (on the example of MOFs) play a critical role in the photochromic material performance, surpassing the limitations previously observed in solution or solid state. The symbiotic relationship between photoresponsive compounds and porous frameworks with a focus on how reticular synthesis creates avenues toward tailorable photoisomerization kinetics, directional energy and charge transfer, switchable gas sorption, and synergistic chromophore communication is discussed. This review not only focuses on the recent cutting-edge advancements in photochromic material development, but also highlights novel, vital-to-pursue pathways for multifaceted functional materials in the realms of energy, technology, and biomedicine.},
}
@article {pmid39373536,
year = {2024},
author = {Nian, X and Wu, S and He, J and Holford, P and Beattie, GAC and Wang, D and Cen, Y and He, Y and Zhang, S},
title = {The conserved role of miR-2 and novel miR-109 in the increase in fecundity of Diaphorina citri induced by symbiotic bacteria and pathogenic fungi.},
journal = {mBio},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e0154124},
doi = {10.1128/mbio.01541-24},
pmid = {39373536},
issn = {2150-7511},
abstract = {UNLABELLED: Infection with pathogens can increase the fecundity and other fitness-related traits of insect vectors for their own advantage. Our previous research has reported the pivotal role of DcKr-h1 in the fecundity improvement of Diaphorina citri induced by the bacterium, "Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus" (CLas), and the fungus, Cordyceps fumosorosea (Cf). However, the posttranscriptional regulation of this process remains poorly understood. Given the significance of miRNAs in gene regulation, we delved into their roles in shaping phenotypes and their underlying molecular mechanisms. Our results indicated that two miRNAs, miR-2 and novel-miR-109, jointly inhibited DcKr-h1 expression by binding to its 3' untranslated region (UTR). In the D. citri-CLas interaction, the expression levels of miR-2 and novel-miR-109 in the ovaries of CLas-positive psyllids were lower compared to CLas-negative individuals. Overexpression of miR-2 or novel-miR-109 significantly decreased fecundity and CLas titer in ovaries and caused reproductive defects reminiscent of DcKr-h1 knockdown. Similarly, in the D. citri-Cf interaction, the levels of miR-2 and novel-miR-109 markedly decreased in the ovaries. Upregulation of miR-2 or novel-miR-109 also resulted in reduced fecundity and ovary defects similar to those caused by DcKr-h1 silencing. Moreover, feeding antagomir-2 or antagomir-109 partially rescued the defective phenotypes caused by DcKr-h1 silencing in both model systems, and miR-2 and novel-miR-109 were repressed by juvenile hormone (JH) and regulated the genes associated with egg development. This study shows a conserved regulatory mechanism, whereby JH suppresses the expression of miR-2 and novel-miR-109 which, together with JH-induced transcription of DcKr-h1, increases female fecundity induced by both symbiotic bacteria and pathogenic fungi.<br><br>IMPORTANCE: Infection with pathogens can increase the fecundity and other fitness-related traits of insect vectors for their own advantage. Our previous research has reported that DcKr-h1 plays a critical role in the increase in fecundity of Diaphorina citri induced by the bacterium, "Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus" (CLas) and the fungus, Cordyceps fumosorosea (Cf). However, the posttranscriptional regulation of this process remains poorly understood. Given the significance of miRNAs in gene regulation, we delved into their roles in shaping phenotypes and their underlying molecular mechanisms. Our results indicated that two miRNAs, miR-2 and novel-miR-109, jointly inhibited DcKr-h1 expression by binding to its 3' untranslated region (UTR). In both D. citri-CLas and D. citri-Cf interactions, the increased juvenile hormone (JH) titer and reduced abundance of miR-2 and novel-miR-109 ensure high levels of DcKr-h1 expression, consequently stimulating ovarian development and enhancing fecundity. These observations provide evidence that miR-2 and miR-109 are crucial players in the JH-dependent increase in fecundity in psyllids induced by infection with different pathogens.},
}
@article {pmid39372858,
year = {2024},
author = {He, J and Huang, R and Xie, X},
title = {A gap in the recognition of two mycorrhizal factors: new insights into two LysM-type mycorrhizal receptors.},
journal = {Frontiers in plant science},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1418699},
pmid = {39372858},
issn = {1664-462X},
abstract = {Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are crucial components of the plant microbiota and can form symbioses with 72% of land plants. Researchers have long known that AM symbioses have dramatic effects on plant performance and also provide multiple ecological services in terrestrial environments. The successful establishment of AM symbioses relies on the host plant recognition of the diffusible mycorrhizal (Myc) factors, lipo-chitooligosaccharides (LCOs) and chitooligosaccharides (COs). Among them, the short-chain COs such as CO4/5 secreted by AM fungi are the major Myc factors in COs. In this review, we summarize current advances, develop the concept of mycorrhizal biceptor complex (double receptor complexes for Myc-LCOs and CO4/5 in the same plant), and provide a perspective on the future development of mycorrhizal receptors. First, we focus on the distinct perception of two Myc factors by different host plant species, highlighting the essential role of Lysin-Motif (LysM)-type mycorrhizal receptors in perceiving them. Second, we propose the underlying molecular mechanisms by which LysM-type mycorrhizal receptors in various plants recognize both the Myc-LCOs and -COs. Finally, we explore future prospects for studies on the biceptor complex (Myc-LCO and -CO receptors) in dicots to facilitate the utilization of them in cereal crops (particularly in modern cultivated rice). In conclusion, our understanding of the precise perception processes during host plant interacting with AM fungi, where LysM-type mycorrhizal receptors act as recruiters, provides the tools to design biotechnological applications addressing agricultural challenges.},
}
@article {pmid39372272,
year = {2024},
author = {Jiang, C and Peng, F and Zhang, L and Zhang, Y and Wang, J and Li, J and Cui, B and Cao, C and Wang, C and Qin, Y and Wang, R and Zhao, Z and Jiang, J and Yang, M and Sun, M and Yang, L and Zhang, Q},
title = {Isolation, identification, and mechanism analysis of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria in tobacco.},
journal = {Frontiers in microbiology},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1457624},
pmid = {39372272},
issn = {1664-302X},
abstract = {Plant growth, crop yield, and pest and disease control are enhanced by PGPR (Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria), which are beneficial microorganisms found in a close symbiosis with plant roots. Phytohormones are secreted, nutrient uptake is improved, and soil properties along with the microbiological environment are regulated by these microorganisms, making them a significant focus in agricultural research. In this study, the efficient PGPR strain T1 was isolated and screened from tobacco inter-root soil, and identified and confirmed by ITS sequencing technology. Tobacco growth indicators and soil property changes were observed and recorded through potting experiments. The activities of key enzymes (e.g., sucrase, catalase, urease) in soil were further determined. High-throughput sequencing technology was utilized to sequence the soil microbial community, and combined with macro-genomics analysis, the effects of T1 strain on soil microbial diversity and metabolic pathways were explored. Following the application of T1, significant improvements were observed in the height, leaf length, and width of tobacco plants. Furthermore, the physical and chemical properties of the soil were notably enhanced, including a 26.26% increase in phosphorus availability. Additionally, the activities of key soil enzymes such as sucrase, catalase, and urease were significantly increased, indicating improved soil health and fertility. Comprehensive joint microbiomics and macrogenomics analyses revealed a substantial rise in the populations of beneficial soil microorganisms and an enhancement in metabolic pathways, including amino acid metabolism, synthesis, and production of secondary metabolites. These increase in beneficial microorganisms and the enhancement of their metabolic functions are crucial for plant growth and soil fertility. This study provides valuable references for the development of innovative microbial fertilizers and offers programs for the sustainable development of modern agriculture.},
}
@article {pmid39370758,
year = {2024},
author = {Wang, A and Tang, H and Sun, J and Wang, L and Rasmann, S and Ruan, W and Wei, X},
title = {Entomopathogenic Nematodes-Killed Insect Cadavers in the Rhizosphere Activate Plant Direct and Indirect Defences Aboveground.},
journal = {Plant, cell &amp; environment},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/pce.15193},
pmid = {39370758},
issn = {1365-3040},
support = {//The work was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China (32171637), the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2017YFE013040 and 2019YFE0120400), and "the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities", Nankai University (63221356)./ ; },
abstract = {Plants can perceive and respond to external stimuli by activating both direct and indirect defences against herbivores. Soil-dwelling entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs), natural enemies of root-feeding herbivores, carry symbiotic bacteria that grow and reproduce once inside arthropod hosts. We hypothesized that the metabolites produced by EPN-infected insect cadavers could be perceived by plants, thereby activating plant defences systemically. We tested this hypothesis by adding three EPN-infected Galleria mellonella cadavers to maize plants and testing plant responses against a major maize pest (Spodoptera frugiperda) and one of its parasitoids (Trichogramma dendrolimi). We found that S. frugiperda females deposited fewer, and caterpillars fed less on maize plants growing near EPN-infected cadavers than on control plants. Accordingly, EPN-infected cadavers triggered the systemic accumulation of defence hormones (SA), genes (PR1), and enzymes (SOD, POD, and CAT) in maize leaves. Furthermore, four volatile organic compounds produced by plants exposed to EPN-infected cadavers deterred S. frugiperda caterpillars and female adults. However, these compounds were more attractive to T. dendrolimi parasitoids. Our study enhances the understanding of the intricate relationships within the above- and belowground ecosystems and provides crucial insights for advancing sustainable pest management strategies.},
}
@article {pmid39370085,
year = {2024},
author = {Vásquez, P and Stucken, K and Garcia-Martin, A and Ladero, M and Bolivar, JM and Bernal, C},
title = {Enzymatic production, physicochemical characterization, and prebiotic potential of pectin oligosaccharides from pisco grape pomace.},
journal = {International journal of biological macromolecules},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {136302},
doi = {10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.136302},
pmid = {39370085},
issn = {1879-0003},
abstract = {The prebiotic capacity of Pectin Oligosaccharides (POS) is influenced by structural factors such as molecular size, composition, and degree of esterification, which affect their interaction with the gut microbiota. While existing literature has predominantly examined POS derived from apple and citrus pectins, the extrapolation of these findings to other pectin sources remains complex due to variations in their composition. This study focused on obtaining POS with prebiotic potential from pisco grape pomace through controlled enzymatic hydrolysis, resulting in three molecular size fractions: <3 kDa, 3-10 kDa, and > 10 kDa. The POS fractions were analyzed using FTIR, HPSEC, HPLC, and MALDI-TOF-MS techniques to characterize their physical-chemical properties. Each fraction presented distinct compositions, with the <3 kDa fraction showing a higher concentration of galacturonic acid and glucose, while the >10 kDa fraction was also composed of rhamnose and arabinose. Notably, the <3 kDa fraction supported greater biomass growth of the probiotic strain Lactobacillus casei ATCC 393 compared to the other fractions. In contrast, the non-probiotic strain Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 achieved the lowest biomass with this fraction. Consequently, the <3 kDa POS fraction exhibited the highest prebiotic index. This fraction, composed of oligomers from the rhamnogalacturonan region and arabino-oligosaccharides with a degree of polymerization between two and five, highlights its potential for further research and applications. Therefore, investigating other sources and optimizing extraction conditions could lead to developing novel prebiotic formulations that supply specific probiotic strains for a symbiotic product.},
}
@article {pmid39369620,
year = {2024},
author = {Zhang, W and Qin, J and Feng, JQ and Dong, XM and Hu, H and Zhang, SB},
title = {A mycoheterotrophic orchid uses very limited soil inorganic nitrogen in its natural habitat.},
journal = {Journal of plant physiology},
volume = {303},
number = {},
pages = {154367},
doi = {10.1016/j.jplph.2024.154367},
pmid = {39369620},
issn = {1618-1328},
abstract = {Mycoheterotrophic plants acquire nitrogen (N) directly from the soil and through their symbiotic fungi. The fungi-derived N has received considerable attention, but the contribution of soil-derived N has been largely overlooked. We investigated how the leafless, rootless, and almost mycoheterotrophic orchid Cymbidium macrorhizon obtains soil N by applying [15]N-labeled ammonium nitrate in its natural habitat, and tracking metabolite accumulation and mycorrhizal fungal association after N application. The decline of N in the rhizome from flowering to fruiting indicated a transfer of N from the rhizome to fruits. At current dose of N application (0.6 g NH4NO3 each plant), only 1.5% of the plant's N was derived from fertilizer, resulting in a low nitrogen use efficiency of 0.27%. The majority of those newly absorbed N (88.89%) was found sank in the rhizome. Amino acids (or their derivatives) and alkaloids were predominant differentially accumulated nitrogenous metabolites after N application, with amino acids occurring in both fruits and the rhizome, and alkaloids primarily in the fruits. The addition of N did not alter the richness of mycorrhizal fungi, but did affect their relative abundance. Our findings suggest that Cymbidium macrorhizon uses very limited soil inorganic nitrogen in its natural habitat, and the root-like rhizome primarily stores N rather than absorbs its inorganic forms, offering new insights into how mycoheterotrophic plants utilize soil N, and the influence of nutrient availability on the orchid-fungi association.},
}
@article {pmid39369255,
year = {2024},
author = {Figueroa-Gonzalez, PA and Bornemann, TLV and Hinzke, T and Maaß, S and Trautwein-Schult, A and Starke, J and Moore, CJ and Esser, SP and Plewka, J and Hesse, T and Schmidt, TC and Schreiber, U and Bor, B and Becher, D and Probst, AJ},
title = {Metaproteogenomics resolution of a high-CO2 aquifer community reveals a complex cellular adaptation of groundwater Gracilibacteria to a host-dependent lifestyle.},
journal = {Microbiome},
volume = {12},
number = {1},
pages = {194},
pmid = {39369255},
issn = {2049-2618},
support = {CRC 1439/1 426547801//German Research Foundation (DFG)/ ; CRC 1439/1 426547801//German Research Foundation (DFG)/ ; },
mesh = {*Groundwater/microbiology ; Carbon Dioxide/metabolism ; Metagenomics ; Bacteria/genetics/classification/isolation &amp; purification/metabolism ; Germany ; Genome, Bacterial ; Phylogeny ; Microbiota/genetics ; Proteogenomics ; Adaptation, Physiological ; Proteomics ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Bacteria of the candidate phyla radiation (CPR), constituting about 25% of the bacterial biodiversity, are characterized by small cell size and patchy genomes without complete key metabolic pathways, suggesting a symbiotic lifestyle. Gracilibacteria (BD1-5), which are part of the CPR branch, possess alternate coded genomes and have not yet been cultivated. The lifestyle of Gracilibacteria, their temporal dynamics, and activity in natural ecosystems, particularly in groundwater, has remained largely unexplored. Here, we aimed to investigate Gracilibacteria activity in situ and to discern their lifestyle based on expressed genes, using the metaproteogenome of Gracilibacteria as a function of time in the cold-water geyser Wallender Born in the Volcanic Eifel region in Germany.<br><br>RESULTS: We coupled genome-resolved metagenomics and metaproteomics to investigate a cold-water geyser microbial community enriched in Gracilibacteria across a 12-day time-series. Groundwater was collected and sequentially filtered to fraction CPR and other bacteria. Based on 725 Gbps of metagenomic data, 1129 different ribosomal protein S3 marker genes, and 751 high-quality genomes (123 population genomes after dereplication), we identified dominant bacteria belonging to Gallionellales and Gracilibacteria along with keystone microbes, which were low in genomic abundance but substantially contributing to proteomic abundance. Seven high-quality Gracilibacteria genomes showed typical limitations, such as limited amino acid or nucleotide synthesis, in their central metabolism but no co-occurrence with potential hosts. The genomes of these Gracilibacteria were encoded for a high number of proteins involved in cell to cell interaction, supporting the previously surmised host-dependent lifestyle, e.g., type IV and type II secretion system subunits, transporters, and features related to cell motility, which were also detected on protein level.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: We here identified microbial keystone taxa in a high-CO2 aquifer, and revealed microbial dynamics of Gracilibacteria. Although Gracilibacteria in this ecosystem did not appear to target specific organisms in this ecosystem due to lack of co-occurrence despite enrichment on 0.2-&#xb5;m filter fraction, we provide proteomic evidence for the complex machinery behind the host-dependent lifestyle of groundwater Gracilibacteria. Video Abstract.},
}
@article {pmid39369058,
year = {2024},
author = {Schmidt, S and Murphy, R and Vizueta, J and Schierbech, SK and Conlon, BH and Kreuzenbeck, NB and Vreeburg, SME and van de Peppel, LJJ and Aanen, DK and Silué, KS and Kone, NA and Beemelmanns, C and Weber, T and Poulsen, M},
title = {Comparative genomics unravels a rich set of biosynthetic gene clusters with distinct evolutionary trajectories across fungal species (Termitomyces) farmed by termites.},
journal = {Communications biology},
volume = {7},
number = {1},
pages = {1269},
pmid = {39369058},
issn = {2399-3642},
mesh = {*Isoptera/microbiology ; Animals ; *Termitomyces/genetics/metabolism ; *Multigene Family ; *Symbiosis ; *Genomics ; Evolution, Molecular ; Phylogeny ; Genome, Fungal ; Biosynthetic Pathways/genetics ; },
abstract = {The use of compounds produced by hosts or symbionts for defence against antagonists has been identified in many organisms, including in fungus-farming termites (Macrotermitinae). The obligate mutualistic fungus Termitomyces plays a pivotal role in plant biomass decomposition and as the primary food source for these termites. Despite the isolation of various specialized metabolites from different Termitomyces species, our grasp of their natural product repertoire remains incomplete. To address this knowledge gap, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of 39 Termitomyces genomes, representing 21 species associated with members of five termite host genera. We identified 754 biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) coding for specialized metabolites and categorized 660 BGCs into 61 biosynthetic gene cluster families (GCFs) spanning five compound classes. Seven GCFs were shared by all 21 Termitomyces species and 21 GCFs were present in all genomes of subsets of species. Evolutionary constraint analyses on the 25 most abundant GCFs revealed distinctive evolutionary histories, signifying that millions of years of termite-fungus symbiosis have influenced diverse biosynthetic pathways. This study unveils a wealth of non-random and largely undiscovered chemical potential within Termitomyces and contributes to our understanding of the intricate evolutionary trajectories of biosynthetic gene clusters in the context of long-standing symbiosis.},
}
@article {pmid39368358,
year = {2024},
author = {Liang, H and Pan, CG and Peng, FJ and Hu, JJ and Zhu, RG and Zhou, CY and Liu, ZZ and Yu, K},
title = {Integrative transcriptomic analysis reveals a broad range of toxic effects of triclosan on coral Porites lutea.},
journal = {Journal of hazardous materials},
volume = {480},
number = {},
pages = {136033},
doi = {10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.136033},
pmid = {39368358},
issn = {1873-3336},
abstract = {Triclosan (TCS) is an antimicrobial agent commonly used in personal care products. However, little is known about its toxicity to corals. Here, we examined the acute toxic effects (96 h) of TCS at different levels to the coral Porites lutea. Results showed that the bioaccumulation factors (BAFs) of TCS in Porites lutea decreased with increasing TCS exposure levels. Exposure to TCS at the level up to 100 μg/L did not induce bleaching of Porites lutea. However, by the end of the experiment, both the density and chlorophyll a content of the symbiotic zooxanthellae were 19-52 % and 19.9-45.6 % lower in the TCS treatment groups than in the control, respectively. For the coral host, its total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities were all significantly lower in the TCS treatment groups than the control. Transcriptome analysis showed that 942 and 1077 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in the coral host in the 0.5 and 100 μg/L TCS treatment groups, respectively. Meanwhile, TCS can interfere with pathways related to immune system and reproductive system in coral host. Overall, our results suggest that environmentally relevant concentrations of TCS can impact both the coral host and the symbiotic zooxanthellae.},
}
@article {pmid39368190,
year = {2024},
author = {Jiao, P and Zhou, Y and Zhang, X and Jian, H and Zhang, XX and Ma, L},
title = {Mechanisms of horizontal gene transfer and viral contribution to the fate of intracellular and extracellular antibiotic resistance genes in anaerobic digestion supplemented with conductive materials under ammonia stress.},
journal = {Water research},
volume = {267},
number = {},
pages = {122549},
doi = {10.1016/j.watres.2024.122549},
pmid = {39368190},
issn = {1879-2448},
abstract = {The addition of conductive materials (CMs) is an effective strategy for mitigating ammonia inhibition during anaerobic digestion (AD). However, the introduction of CMs can result in increased antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) pollution, potentially facilitated by enhanced horizontal gene transfer (HGT). The complex dynamics of intracellular and extracellular ARGs (iARGs/eARGs) and the mechanisms underlying their transfer, mediated by CMs, in ammonia-stressed AD systems remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the effects of three commonly used CMs-nano magnetite (Mag), nano zero-valent iron (nZVI), and granular activated carbon (GAC)-on the fate of iARGs and eARGs during the AD of waste activated sludge under ammonia stress. The results revealed an unexpected enrichment of iARGs by 1.5 %-10.9 % and a reduction of eARGs by 14.1 %-25.2 % in CM-supplemented AD. This discrepancy in the dynamics of iARGs and eARGs may be attributed to changes in microbial hosts and the horizontal transfer of ARGs. Notably, CMs activated prophages within antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) and their symbiotic partners involved in vitamin B12 provision, leading to the lysis of ARB and the subsequent release of eARGs for transformation. Additionally, the abundance of potentially mobile ARGs, which co-occurred with mobile genetic elements, increased by 56.6 %-134.5 % with CM addition, highlighting an enhanced potential for the HGT of ARGs. Specifically, Mag appeared to promote both transformation and conjugation processes, while nZVI only promoted conjugation. Moreover, none of the three CMs had any discernible impact on transduction. GAC proved superior to both nano Mag and nZVI in controlling the enrichment of iARGs, reducing eARGs, and limiting HGTs simultaneously. Overall, these findings provide novel insights into the role of viruses and the mechanisms of ARG spread in CM-assisted AD, offering valuable information for developing strategies to mitigate ARG pollution in practical applications.},
}
@article {pmid39367926,
year = {2024},
author = {Bâ, AM and Séne, S and Manokari, M and Galardis, MMB and Sylla, SN and Selosse, MA and Shekhawat, MS},
title = {Coccoloba uvifera L. associated with Scleroderma Bermudense Coker: a pantropical ectomycorrhizal symbiosis used in restoring of degraded coastal sand dunes.},
journal = {Mycorrhiza},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {39367926},
issn = {1432-1890},
abstract = {Coccoloba uvifera L. (Polygonacaeae), named also seagrape, is an ectomycorrhizal (ECM) Caribbean beach tree, introduced pantropically for stabilizing coastal soils and producing edible fruits. This review covers the pantropical distribution and micropropagation of seagrape as well as genetic diversity, functional traits and use of ECM symbioses in response to salinity, both in its native regions and areas where it has been introduced. The ECM fungal diversity associated with seagrape was found to be relatively low in its region of origin, with Scleroderma bermudense Coker being the predominant fungal species. In regions of introduction, seagrape predominantly associated with Scleroderma species, whereas S. bermudense was exclusively identified in Réunion and Senegal. The introduction of S. bermudense is likely through spores adhering to the seed coats of seagrape, suggesting a vertical transmission of ECM colonization in seagrape by S. bermudense. This ECM fungus demonstrated its capacity to enhance salt tolerance in seagrape seedlings by reducing Na concentration and increasing K and Ca levels, consequently promoting higher K/Na and Ca/Na ratios in the tissues of ECM seedlings vs. non-ECM plants in nursery conditions. Moreover, the ECM symbiosis positively influenced growth, photosynthetic and transpiration rates, chlorophyll fluorescence and content, stomatal conductance, intercellular CO2, and water status, which improved the performance of ECM seagrape exposed to salt stress in planting conditions. The standardization of seagrape micropropagation emerges as a crucial tool for propagating homogeneous plant material in nursery and planting conditions. This review also explores the use of the ECM symbiosis between seagrape and S. bermudense as a strategy for restoring degraded coastal ecosystems in the Caribbean, Indian Ocean, and West African regions.},
}
@article {pmid39366569,
year = {2024},
author = {Wang, Y and Zhao, X and Cai, D and Chen, X and Lu, Y and Wang, Z and Sun, Y and Xi, B},
title = {Insights into links between redox cycling of dissolved organic matter ranked by molecular weight and methanogen-bacteria symbiosis-driven methane production.},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
volume = {954},
number = {},
pages = {176682},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.176682},
pmid = {39366569},
issn = {1879-1026},
abstract = {Molecular weight (MW) of dissolved organic matter (DOM) governs its redox capacity, playing pivotal roles in methanogen-bacteria symbiosis-driven CH4 production. However, the effect of redox capacity of DOM ranked by MW on these symbiotic associations during anaerobic digestion have never been investigated. The electron-donating (EDC) and -accepting capacity (EAC) of DOM with different MW were quantified, elucidating their impacts on bacteria-methanogen symbiosis-driven CH4 production. By contrast, DOM with 7000 > MW > 14,000 Da constituted the primary contribution to EAC, with an average contribution of 44.63 %. DOM with MW > 14,000 Da emerged as the predominant contributor to EDC, with an average contribution of 49.10 %. Random forest showed that EAC/EDC of DOM ranked by MW was the important factors for methanogenesis by driving shifts in microbial symbiotic relationships. 46 genera (relative abundance of 69.55 %) of microorganisms exhibited robust associations with EAC/EDC. EDC of DOM with 3500 < MW < 7000 Da exerted positive effect on CH4 by modulating the corporation of Caldicoprobacter, norank_o__TSCOR001-H18, norank_o__MBA03 and Methanobrevibacter. EDC of DOM (7000 < MW < 14,000 Da) promotes CH4 production by regulating cooperation of Corynebacterium, Pseudomonas and Methanosarcina, Methanothermus. EDC of DOM (MW > 14,000 Da) enhances CH4 production by modulating cooperation of Ureibacillus, Treponema and methanomassiliicoccus, methanogenium. EAC of DOMs were negatively correlated with CH4. This study broadens our knowledge on the intricate process of methanogenesis and holds significant importance in developing a microbial symbiosis regulation strategy based on electron transfer system.},
}
@article {pmid39366512,
year = {2024},
author = {Wang, Z and Wang, Q and Lu, B and Zhao, C and Chai, W and Huang, Z and Li, P and Zhao, Y},
title = {Biogas slurry treatment and biogas upgrading by microalgae-based systems under the induction of different phytohormones.},
journal = {Bioresource technology},
volume = {414},
number = {},
pages = {131569},
doi = {10.1016/j.biortech.2024.131569},
pmid = {39366512},
issn = {1873-2976},
abstract = {The low grade of biogas and the difficulty of treating biogas slurry are the two major bottlenecks limiting the sustainable development of the fermentation engineering. This study investigates the potential role of microalgae-microbial symbiosis and phytohormones in solving this challenge. Chlorella microalgae were combined with endophytic bacteria (S395-2) and Clonostachys fungus to construct symbiotic systems. Growth, photosynthetic activity, and carbon dioxide and pollutant removal out of biogas slurry and biogas were analyzed under treatment with three different phytohormones (cytokinin, synthetic strigolactones (GR24), natural strigolactones). The Chlorella-S395-2-Clonostachys symbiont achieved the highest purification efficiency under GR24 induction, with removal efficiency exceeding 86% for chemical oxygen demand, total phosphorous, and total nitrogen, as well as over 76% for CO2. Economic efficiency can be increased by about 150%. The positive correlation between treatment effectiveness and co-culture performance suggests a promising avenue for developing symbiotic systems for biogas slurry treatment and biogas upgrading.},
}
@article {pmid39366145,
year = {2024},
author = {Zhang, G and Ott, T},
title = {Cellular morphodynamics and signaling around the transcellular passage cleft during rhizobial infections of legume roots.},
journal = {Current opinion in cell biology},
volume = {91},
number = {},
pages = {102436},
doi = {10.1016/j.ceb.2024.102436},
pmid = {39366145},
issn = {1879-0410},
abstract = {Legume roots allow intracellular infections of rhizobia to establish the mutualistic root nodule symbiosis. During this colonization event, specialized and membrane-defined infection threads provide the host-controlled path for the bacteria through the multilayered root tissue to reach a newly developing organ, the root nodule. On this way, bacteria have to propagate transcellularly and thus overcome cell wall barriers. This process not only requires continuous molecular surveillance of the invading microbe but also structural adaptations of the extracellular matrix components in a spatially confined manner leading to the formation of a novel compartment that we term the "transcellular passage cleft" (TPC). Here, we review the molecular mechanisms and signaling events around the TPC and propose a step-wise model for TPC formation.},
}
@article {pmid39367346,
year = {2024},
author = {Lin, S},
title = {A decade of dinoflagellate genomics illuminating an enigmatic eukaryote cell.},
journal = {BMC genomics},
volume = {25},
number = {1},
pages = {932},
pmid = {39367346},
issn = {1471-2164},
support = {GBMF# #4980.01.//Ann and Gordon Getty Foundation/ ; },
mesh = {*Dinoflagellida/genetics ; *Genomics/methods ; Genome, Protozoan ; Evolution, Molecular ; Phylogeny ; },
abstract = {Dinoflagellates are a remarkable group of protists, not only for their association with harmful algal blooms and coral reefs but also for their numerous characteristics deviating from the rules of eukaryotic biology. Genome research on dinoflagellates has lagged due to their immense genome sizes in most species (~ 1-250 Gbp). Nevertheless, the last decade marked a fruitful era of dinoflagellate genomics, with 27 genomes sequenced and many insights attained. This review aims to synthesize information from these genomes, along with other omic data, to reflect on where we are now in understanding dinoflagellates and where we are heading in the future. The most notable insights from the decade-long genomics work include: (1) dinoflagellate genomes have been expanded in multiple times independently, probably by a combination of rampant retroposition, accumulation of repetitive DNA, and genome duplication; (2) Symbiodiniacean genomes are highly divergent, but share about 3,445 core unigenes concentrated in 219 KEGG pathways; (3) Most dinoflagellate genes are encoded unidirectionally and are not intron-poor; (4) The dinoflagellate nucleus has undergone extreme evolutionary changes, including complete or nearly complete loss of nucleosome and histone H1, and acquisition of dinoflagellate viral nuclear protein (DVNP); (5) Major basic nuclear protein (MBNP), histone-like protein (HLP), and bacterial HU-like protein (HCc) belong to the same protein family, and MBNP can be the unifying name; (6) Dinoflagellate gene expression is regulated by poorly understood mechanisms, but microRNA and other epigenetic mechanisms are likely important; (7) Over 50% of dinoflagellate genes are "dark" and their functions remain to be deciphered using functional genetics; (8) Initial insights into the genomic basis of parasitism and mutualism have emerged. The review then highlights functionally unique and interesting genes. Future research needs to obtain a finished genome, tackle large genomes, characterize the unknown genes, and develop a quantitative molecular ecological model for addressing ecological questions.},
}
@article {pmid39365783,
year = {2024},
author = {Shi, W and Wang, Q},
title = {The framework for analyzing the mechanism of the evolution of inter-city relationship networks on regional economic resilience.},
journal = {PloS one},
volume = {19},
number = {10},
pages = {e0308280},
pmid = {39365783},
issn = {1932-6203},
mesh = {*Cities ; Humans ; Models, Theoretical ; },
abstract = {In this paper, we applied an analytical framework called "city cooperation intention → city relationship network → regional economic resilience," while considering the concept of externality as a measure of city cooperation intention, to draw insights from the perspectives of city relationships, biological evolution, and evolutionary economy. The evaluation system we developed focuses on the impact of inherent city culture on the inter-city relationship network, using variables such as knowledge spillover effect, technology symbiosis index, and market structure. We also incorporated innovation, resilience, and regeneration as determinants of regional economic resilience, building upon previous research findings. By applying structural force theory and a three-dimensional coordinate method, we analyzed the correlation between the relationship network and regional economic resilience, established a model to illustrate how the relationship network influences regional economic resilience, and described the course of action taken by the "three factors" of the relationship network on regional economic resilience. Ultimately, the aim of this study is to uncover the mechanism through which the inter-city relationship network affects regional economic resilience, with implications for healthy city design.},
}
@article {pmid39365701,
year = {2024},
author = {Muller, A and Morales-Montero, P and Boss, A and Hiltmann, A and Castaneda-Alvarez, C and Bhat, AH and Arce, CCM and Glauser, G and Joyce, SA and Clarke, DJ and Machado, RAR},
title = {Bacterial bioluminescence is an important regulator of multitrophic interactions in the soil.},
journal = {Cell reports},
volume = {43},
number = {10},
pages = {114817},
doi = {10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114817},
pmid = {39365701},
issn = {2211-1247},
abstract = {Enormous efforts have been made to understand the functions of bioluminescence; however, its relevance in soil ecosystems has barely been investigated. In addition, our understanding of the biological relevance of bioluminescence is hampered by the scarcity of tools to genetically manipulate this trait. Using the symbionts of entomopathogenic nematodes, Photorhabdus bacteria, we show that bioluminescence plays important regulatory roles in multitrophic interactions in the soil. Through genetic modifications and exploiting natural variability, we provide direct evidence for the multifunctional nature of bioluminescence. It regulates abiotic and biotic stress resistance, impacts other trophic levels, including nematodes, insects, and plants, and contributes to symbiosis. Our study contributes to understanding the factors that have driven the evolution and maintenance of this trait in belowground ecosystems.},
}
@article {pmid39363931,
year = {2024},
author = {Perkowski, EA and Terrones, J and German, HL and Smith, NG},
title = {Symbiotic nitrogen fixation reduces belowground biomass carbon costs of nitrogen acquisition under low, but not high, nitrogen availability.},
journal = {AoB PLANTS},
volume = {16},
number = {5},
pages = {plae051},
pmid = {39363931},
issn = {2041-2851},
abstract = {Many plant species form symbiotic associations with nitrogen-fixing bacteria. Through this symbiosis, plants allocate photosynthate belowground to the bacteria in exchange for nitrogen fixed from the atmosphere. This symbiosis forms an important link between carbon and nitrogen cycles in many ecosystems. However, the economics of this relationship under soil nitrogen availability gradients is not well understood, as plant investment toward symbiotic nitrogen fixation tends to decrease with increasing soil nitrogen availability. Here, we used a manipulation experiment to examine how costs of nitrogen acquisition vary under a factorial combination of soil nitrogen availability and inoculation with Bradyrhizobium japonicum in Glycine max L. (Merr.). We found that inoculation decreased belowground biomass carbon costs to acquire nitrogen and increased total leaf area and total biomass, but these patterns were only observed under low fertilization and were the result of increased plant nitrogen uptake and no change in belowground carbon allocation. These results suggest that symbioses with nitrogen-fixing bacteria reduce carbon costs of nitrogen acquisition by increasing plant nitrogen uptake, but only when soil nitrogen is low, allowing individuals to increase nitrogen allocation to structures that support aboveground growth. This pattern may help explain the prevalence of plants capable of forming these associations in less fertile soils and provides useful insight into understanding the role of nutrient acquisition strategy on plant nitrogen uptake across nitrogen availability gradients.},
}
@article {pmid39363923,
year = {2024},
author = {Wu, D and He, X and Jiang, L and Li, W and Wang, H and Lv, G},
title = {Root exudates facilitate the regulation of soil microbial community function in the genus Haloxylon.},
journal = {Frontiers in plant science},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1461893},
pmid = {39363923},
issn = {1664-462X},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Root exudates act as the "language" of plant-soil communication, facilitating crucial interactions, information exchange, and energy transfer between plants and soil. The interactions facilitated by root exudates between plants and microorganisms in the rhizosphere are crucial for nutrient uptake and stress resilience in plants. However, the mechanism underlying the interaction between root exudates and rhizosphere microorganisms in desert plants under drought conditions remains unclear, especially among closely related species.<br><br>METHODS: To reveal the ecological strategies employed by the genus Haloxylon in different habitats. Using DNA extraction and sequencing and UPLC-Q-Tof/MS methods, we studied root exudates and soil microorganisms from two closely related species, Haloxylon ammodendron (HA) and Haloxylon persicum (HP), to assess differences in their root exudates, soil microbial composition, and interactions.<br><br>RESULTS: Significant differences were found in soil properties and root traits between the two species, among which soil water content (SWC) and soil organic carbon (SOC) in rhizosphere and bulk soils (P < 0.05). While the metabolite classification of root exudates was similar, their components varied, with terpenoids being the main differential metabolites. Soil microbial structure and diversity also exhibited significant differences, with distinct key species in the network and differential functional processes mainly related to nitrogen and carbon cycles. Strong correlations were observed between root exudate-mediated root traits, soil microorganisms, and soil properties, although the complex interactions differed between the two closely relative species. The primary metabolites found in the network of HA include sugars and fatty acids, while HP relies on secondary metabolites, steroids and terpenoids.<br><br>DISCUSSION: These findings suggest that root exudates are key in shaping rhizosphere microbial communities, increasing microbial functionality, fostering symbiotic relationships with hosts, and bolstering the resilience of plants to environmental stress.},
}
@article {pmid39362161,
year = {2024},
author = {Karkou, E and Angelis-Dimakis, A and Parlapiano, M and Savvakis, N and Siddique, O and Vyrkou, A and Sgroi, M and Fatone, F and Arampatzis, G},
title = {Process innovations and circular strategies for closing the water loop in a process industry.},
journal = {Journal of environmental management},
volume = {370},
number = {},
pages = {122748},
doi = {10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.122748},
pmid = {39362161},
issn = {1095-8630},
abstract = {By implementing advanced wastewater treatment technologies coupled with digital tools, high-quality water is produced to be reused within the industry, enhancing process efficiency and closing loops. This paper investigates the impact of three innovation tools (process, circular and digital) in a Solvay chemical plant. Four technologies of the wastewater treatment plant "WAPEREUSE" were deployed, predicting their performance by process modelling and simulation in the PSM Tool. The environmental impact was assessed using Life Cycle Assessment and compared to the impact of the current industrial effluent discharge. The circularity level was assessed through three alternative closed-loop scenarios: (1) conventional treatment and discharge to sea (baseline), (2) conventional and advanced treatment by WAPEREUSE and discharge to sea, (3) conventional and advanced treatment by WAPEREUSE and industrial water reuse through cross-sectorial symbiotic network, where effluents are exchanged among the process industry, municipality and a water utility. Scenario 1 has the lowest pollutants' removal efficiency with environmental footprint of 0.93 mPt/m[3]. WAPEREUSE technologies decreased COD by 98.3%, TOC by 91.4% and nitrates by 94.5%. Scenario 2 had environmental footprint of 1.12 mPt/m[3]. The cross-sectorial symbiotic network on the industrial value chain resulted in higher industrial circularity and sustainability level, avoiding effluents discharge. Scenario 3 is selected as the best option with 0.72 mPt per m[3], reducing the environmental footprint by 21% and 36% compared to Scenarios 1 and 2, respectively.},
}
@article {pmid39361891,
year = {2024},
author = {Ramos-Barbero, MD and Gómez-Gómez, C and Vique, G and Sala-Comorera, L and Rodríguez-Rubio, L and Muniesa, M},
title = {Recruitment of complete crAss-like phage genomes reveals their presence in chicken viromes, few human-specific phages, and lack of universal detection.},
journal = {The ISME journal},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/ismejo/wrae192},
pmid = {39361891},
issn = {1751-7370},
abstract = {The order Crassvirales, which includes the prototypical crAssphage (p-crAssphage), is predominantly associated with humans, rendering it the most abundant and widely distributed group of DNA phages in the human gut. The reported human specificity and wide global distribution of p-crAssphage makes it a promising human fecal marker. However, the specificity for the human gut as well as the geographical distribution around the globe of other members of the order Crassvirales remains unknown. To determine this, a recruitment analysis using 91 complete, non-redundant genomes of crAss-like phages in human and animal viromes revealed that only 13 crAss-like phages among the 91 phages analyzed were highly specific to humans, and p-crAssphage was not in this group. Investigations to elucidate whether any characteristic of the phages was responsible for their prevalence in humans showed that the 13 human crAss-like phages do not share a core genome. Phylogenomic analysis placed them in three independent families, indicating that within the Crassvirales group, human specificity is likely not a feature of a common ancestor but rather was introduced on separate/independent occasions in their evolutionary history. The 13 human crAss-like phages showed variable geographical distribution across human metagenomes worldwide, with some being more prevalent in certain countries than in others, but none being universally identified. The varied geographical distribution and the absence of a phylogenetic relationship among the human crAss-like phages are attributed to the emergence and dissemination of their bacterial host, the symbiotic human strains of Bacteroides, across various human populations occupying diverse ecological niches worldwide.},
}
@article {pmid39361131,
year = {2024},
author = {Haraguchi, Y and Kato, Y and Tsuji, A and Hasunuma, T and Shimizu, T},
title = {Recombinant lactate-assimilating cyanobacteria reduce high-concentration culture-associated cytotoxicity in mammalian cells.},
journal = {Archives of microbiology},
volume = {206},
number = {11},
pages = {425},
pmid = {39361131},
issn = {1432-072X},
mesh = {Animals ; Mice ; *Coculture Techniques ; *Lactic Acid/metabolism ; *Cyanobacteria/metabolism ; Cell Line ; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase/metabolism ; Pyruvic Acid/metabolism ; Ammonium Compounds/metabolism ; Amino Acids/metabolism ; },
abstract = {In the fields of cultured meat, biopharmaceuticals, cell therapy, and tissue engineering, large numbers of mammalian cells are required; thus, highly-concentrated cell cultures are widely adopted. In general, such cultures can lead to cell damage caused by waste product accumulation and nutritional inadequacy. In this study, a novel co-culture system where the recombinant lactate-assimilating cyanobacterial strain, KC0110, derived from euryhaline Picosynechococcus sp. PCC 7002, and mammalian muscle cells cultured across porous membranes been developed. By using the KC0110 strain, the amount of ammonium and lactate excreted from C2C12 mouse muscle cells into the culture significantly decreased. Importantly, pyruvate and some amino acids, including pyruvate-derived amino acids, also increased significantly compared to those in monoculture of C2C12 cells. It is believed that the organic acids secreted by the KC0110 strain enhance the growth of mammalian cells, leading to a reduction in high-concentration culture-induced mammalian cell damage [lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release] through cyanobacterial co-culture. These results show that, through co-cultivation with cyanobacteria, it is possible to culture mammalian cells, alleviating cell damage, even in highly-concentrated cultures. This study demonstrated an in vitro "symbiotic circular system" that can interchange metabolites produced by phototrophs and mammalian cells.},
}
@article {pmid39360071,
year = {2024},
author = {Sharma, A and Katiyar, VK and Tiwary, SK and Kumar, P and Khanna, AK},
title = {Meleney's Gangrene of the Abdomen Managed With Serial Debridement and Negative Pressure Wound Therapy: A Case Report.},
journal = {Cureus},
volume = {16},
number = {9},
pages = {e68440},
pmid = {39360071},
issn = {2168-8184},
abstract = {Meleney's gangrene (necrotizing fasciitis (NF)), also known as progressive bacterial synergistic gangrene, is a potentially fatal subcutaneous tissue infection with abdominal wall necrosis that progresses rapidly and systematically. It has been observed to exhibit the cultural characteristics of a symbiotic organism. Due to its rarity and high mortality rate, this infection needs to be diagnosed promptly and treated aggressively with antibiotics and rigorous debridement. There are several approaches to management, which include intravenous antibiotics, aggressive debridement, and dressings, along with the application of negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT). Herein, we report the case of a 45-year-old male patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus who presented to our facility after being bitten by an insect and exhibiting symptoms of Meleney's gangrene of the abdomen.},
}
@article {pmid39359681,
year = {2024},
author = {Tian, S and Ding, T and Li, H},
title = {Oral microbiome in human health and diseases.},
journal = {mLife},
volume = {3},
number = {3},
pages = {367-383},
pmid = {39359681},
issn = {2770-100X},
abstract = {The oral cavity contains the second-largest microbiota in the human body. The cavity's anatomically and physiologically diverse niches facilitate a wide range of symbiotic bacteria living at distinct oral sites. Consequently, the oral microbiota exhibits site specificity, with diverse species, compositions, and structures influenced by specific aspects of their placement. Variations in oral microbiota structure caused by changes in these influencing factors can impact overall health and lead to the development of diseases-not only in the oral cavity but also in organs distal to the mouth-such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, and respiratory disease. Conversely, diseases can exacerbate the imbalance of the oral microbiota, creating a vicious cycle. Understanding the heterogeneity of both the oral microbiome and individual humans is important for investigating the causal links between the oral microbiome and diseases. Additionally, understanding the intricacies of the oral microbiome's composition and regulatory factors will help identify the potential causes of related diseases and develop interventions to prevent and treat illnesses in this domain. Therefore, turning to the extant research in this field, we systematically review the relationship between oral microbiome dynamics and human diseases.},
}
@article {pmid39357514,
year = {2024},
author = {Bradley, JM and Bunsick, M and Ly, G and Aquino, B and Wang, FZ and Holbrook-Smith, D and Suginoo, S and Bradizza, D and Kato, N and As'sadiq, O and Marsh, N and Osada, H and Boyer, FD and McErlean, CSP and Tsuchiya, Y and Subramaniam, R and Bonetta, D and McCourt, P and Lumba, S},
title = {Modulation of fungal phosphate homeostasis by the plant hormone strigolactone.},
journal = {Molecular cell},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.molcel.2024.09.004},
pmid = {39357514},
issn = {1097-4164},
abstract = {Inter-kingdom communication through small molecules is essential to the coexistence of organisms in an ecosystem. In soil communities, the plant root is a nexus of interactions for a remarkable number of fungi and is a source of small-molecule plant hormones that shape fungal compositions. Although hormone signaling pathways are established in plants, how fungi perceive and respond to molecules is unclear because many plant-associated fungi are recalcitrant to experimentation. Here, we develop an approach using the model fungus, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, to elucidate mechanisms of fungal response to plant hormones. Two plant hormones, strigolactone and methyl jasmonate, produce unique transcript profiles in yeast, affecting phosphate and sugar metabolism, respectively. Genetic analysis in combination with structural studies suggests that SLs require the high-affinity transporter Pho84 to modulate phosphate homeostasis. The ability to study small-molecule plant hormones in a tractable genetic system should have utility in understanding fungal-plant interactions.},
}
@article {pmid39357439,
year = {2024},
author = {Xiao, D and Peng, S and He, H and Xu, X and Keita, M and Gigena, ML and Zhang, Y},
title = {Mechanisms of microbial diversity modulation of mineral black clay to achieve ecological restoration of open-pit mine dump.},
journal = {Journal of environmental management},
volume = {370},
number = {},
pages = {122708},
doi = {10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.122708},
pmid = {39357439},
issn = {1095-8630},
abstract = {The harsh climatic conditions and severe scarcity of surface soil present significant challenges to ecological restoration in open-pit mine dumps within China's type II plant cold resistance zone. To address the topsoil shortage, mineral black clay was used to create synthetic soil. This study explored the application of an ecological restoration bacteria (ERB) consortium to accelerate the ecological restoration of synthetic soil-covered areas by enhancing soil ecosystem construction. The results demonstrated that ERB significantly influenced the native bacterial community structure in mixed black clay. Specifically, ERB disrupted the inhibitory effects of the Actinobacterota phylum on the development of native bacterial diversity, leading to an increase in unclassified_o_Solirubrobacterales sp., norank_f_norank_o_norank_c_KD4-96 sp., Sphingomonas sp., Luteitalea sp., norank_f_Vicinamibacteraceae sp., and other aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. These alterations in soil microbial structure directly impacted soil composition and vegetation diversity. The plant diversity survey and metabolomics analysis revealed that the reduction of harmful substances, such as HPED, HODE, and HOME, in black clay soil improved the growth and distribution of Salsola collina Pall. and Medicago sativa L. This increase facilitated the cycling of key nutrients, such as nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P), and promoted the establishment of symbiotic relationships between plants, microorganisms, and soil. Ultimately, the ecological remediation of the synthetic soil was achieved through the synergistic effects of ERB, which included the degradation of inhibitory soil components, enhanced nutrient consumption by microbiota and plants, and the overall promotion of ecosystem stability in the reclamation area.},
}
@article {pmid39356767,
year = {2024},
author = {Salsabila, SD and Kim, J},
title = {Structural insights into phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase PmtA mediating bacterial phosphatidylcholine synthesis.},
journal = {Science advances},
volume = {10},
number = {40},
pages = {eadr0122},
pmid = {39356767},
issn = {2375-2548},
mesh = {*Phosphatidylcholines/biosynthesis/metabolism/chemistry ; *Bacterial Proteins/metabolism/chemistry ; *Phosphatidylethanolamine N-Methyltransferase/metabolism ; Models, Molecular ; Phosphatidylethanolamines/metabolism/biosynthesis ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Methylation ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; S-Adenosylhomocysteine/metabolism/chemistry ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Binding ; Methyltransferases/metabolism/chemistry ; Amino Acid Sequence ; },
abstract = {Phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PmtA) catalyzes the biosynthesis of phosphatidylcholine (PC) from phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). Although PC is one of the major phospholipids constituting bilayer membranes in eukaryotes, certain bacterial species encode PmtA, a membrane-associated methyltransferase, to produce PC, which is correlated with cellular stress responses, adaptability to environmental changes, and symbiosis or virulence with eukaryotic hosts. Depending on the organism, multiple PmtAs may be required for producing monomethyl- and dimethyl-PE derivatives along with PC, whereas in organisms such as Rubellimicrobium thermophilum, a single enzyme is sufficient to direct all three methylation steps. In this study, we present the x-ray crystal structures of PmtA from R. thermophilum in complex with dimethyl-PE and S-adenosyl-l-homocysteine, as well as in its lipid-free form. Moreover, we demonstrate that the enzyme associates with the cellular membrane via electrostatic interactions facilitated by a group of critical basic residues and can successively methylate PE and its methylated derivatives, culminating in the production of PC.},
}
@article {pmid39356688,
year = {2024},
author = {Gindre, C and Patoz, A and Breine, B and Lussiana, T},
title = {Personality in motion: How intuition and sensing personality traits relate to lower limb rebound performance.},
journal = {PloS one},
volume = {19},
number = {10},
pages = {e0310130},
pmid = {39356688},
issn = {1932-6203},
mesh = {Humans ; Male ; *Lower Extremity/physiology ; Female ; *Personality/physiology ; Adult ; Young Adult ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Intuition/physiology ; Athletic Performance/physiology/psychology ; },
abstract = {Embodied cognition asserts a symbiotic relationship between cognitive processes and the physical body, raising an intriguing question: could personality traits be intertwined with the biomechanical performance of the lower limb? This study aimed to explore this connection by examining how personality traits, assessed using the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI), relate to lower limb rebound power (RP) measured through the five-repetition rebound jump test. Eighty participants completed two sessions: a biomechanical analysis of hopping using an Optojump® system to measure contact time, flight time, and RP, and a personality traits assessment categorizing traits across four MBTI axes: extraversion-introversion (favorite world); sensing-intuition (information processing preference); thinking-feeling (decision making); and judging-perceiving (structure). Participant characteristics did not significantly differ across MBTI axes (p≥0.07), minimizing potential confounding factors. Notably, individuals classified as intuitive showed significantly longer flight times (p = 0.02) and larger RP (p = 0.007) compared to sensing individuals, suggesting a greater reliance on the fast stretch-shortening cycle and showcasing superior use of their lower limb structures as springs. This suggests potential implications for sports performance, with intuition individuals possibly excelling in plyometric sports. However, no significant associations were found between biomechanical performance and the other three MBTI axes (p≥0.12), challenging the initial hypothesis. This research provides initial insights into the nuanced relationship between personality traits and movement patterns, indicating the potential for tailored physical interventions to enhance adherence and optimize responses in training programs.},
}
@article {pmid39356644,
year = {2024},
author = {Hu, J and Li, S and Zhang, Y and Du, D and Zhu, X},
title = {Potential Regulatory Effects of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on Lipid Metabolism of Maize in Response to Low-Temperature Stress.},
journal = {Journal of agricultural and food chemistry},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1021/acs.jafc.4c06908},
pmid = {39356644},
issn = {1520-5118},
abstract = {The specific mechanisms underlying membrane lipid remodeling and changes in gene expression induced by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in low-temperature-stressed plants are still unclear. In this study, physiological, transcriptomic, and lipidomic analyses were used to elucidate the physiological mechanisms by which AMF can enhance the adaptation of maize plants to low-temperature stress. The results showed that the relative electrical conductivity and malondialdehyde content of maize leaves were decreased after the inoculation with AMF, indicating that AMF reduced the peroxidation of membrane lipids and maintained the fluidity of the cell membrane. Transcriptomic analysis showed the presence of 702 differentially expressed genes induced by AMF in maize plants exposed to low-temperature stress. Furthermore, lipidomic analysis revealed changes in 10 lipid classes in AMF-inoculated maize plants compared with their noninoculated counterparts under low-temperature stress conditions. Lipid remodeling is an important strategy that arbuscular mycorrhizal plants adopt to cope with low-temperature stress.},
}
@article {pmid39354935,
year = {2024},
author = {Li, N and Chen, W and Wang, B and Zhang, C and Wang, Y and Li, R and Yan, Y and He, J},
title = {Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi improve the disease resistance of Lycium barbarum to root rot by activating phenylpropane metabolism.},
journal = {Frontiers in plant science},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1459651},
pmid = {39354935},
issn = {1664-462X},
abstract = {Root rot is one of the common diseases of Lycium barbarum. Pathogens can cause devastating disasters to plants after infecting host plants. This study investigated the effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) Rhizophagus intraradices inoculation on phenylpropane metabolism in L. barbarum and evaluated its resistance to root rot. The experiment was set up with AMF inoculation treatments (inoculated or not) and root rot pathogen-Fusarium solani inoculation treatments (inoculated or not). The results showed that AMF was able to form a symbiosis with the root system of L. barbarum, thereby promoting plant growth significantly and increasing plants' resistance to disease stress. The plant height of AMF-colonized L. barbarum increased by 24.83% compared to non-inoculated diseased plants. After inoculation with AMF, the plant defense response induced by pathogen infection was stronger. When the enzyme activity of the leaves reached the maximum after the onset of mycorrhizal L. barbarum, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, cinnamic acid-4-hydroxylase, and 4-coumaric acid-CoA ligase increased by 3.67%, 31.47%, and 13.61%, respectively, compared with the non-inoculated diseased plants. The products related to the lignin pathway and flavonoid pathway downstream of phenylpropane metabolism such as lignin and flavonoids were also significantly increased by 141.65% and 44.61% compared to nonmycorrhizal diseased plants. The activities of chitinase and β-1,3-glucanase increased by 36.00% and 57.96%, respectively. The contents of salicylic acid and jasmonic acid were also 17.7% and 31.63% higher than those of nonmycorrhizal plants in the early stage of plant growth, respectively. The results indicated that AMF significantly promoted plant growth and enhanced disease resistance by increasing enzyme activities and the production of lignin and flavonoids.},
}
@article {pmid39354912,
year = {2024},
author = {Zhang, E and Wang, Y and Chen, S and Zhou, D and Shangguan, Z and Huang, J and He, JS and Wang, Y and Sheng, J and Tang, L and Li, X and Dong, M and Wu, Y and Hu, S and Bai, Y},
title = {Mycorrhizal Symbiosis Increases Plant Phylogenetic Diversity and Regulates Community Assembly in Grasslands.},
journal = {Ecology letters},
volume = {27},
number = {9},
pages = {e14516},
doi = {10.1111/ele.14516},
pmid = {39354912},
issn = {1461-0248},
support = {2023YFF1304105//National Key Research and Development Program of China/ ; 332192464//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; },
mesh = {*Mycorrhizae/physiology ; *Symbiosis ; *Grassland ; *Biodiversity ; China ; *Phylogeny ; Plants/microbiology ; },
abstract = {The intricate mechanisms controlling plant diversity and community composition are cornerstone of ecological understanding. Yet, the role of mycorrhizal symbiosis in influencing community composition has often been underestimated. Here, we use extensive species survey data from 1315 grassland sites in China to elucidate the influence of mycorrhizal symbiosis on plant phylogenetic diversity and community assembly. We show that increasing mycorrhizal symbiotic potential leads to greater phylogenetic dispersion within plant communities. Mycorrhizal species predominantly influence deterministic processes, suggesting a role in niche-based community assembly. Conversely, non-mycorrhizal species exert a stronger influence on stochastic processes, highlighting the importance of random events in shaping community structure. These results underscore the crucial but often hidden role of mycorrhizal symbiosis in driving plant community diversity and assembly. This study provides valuable insights into the mechanisms shaping ecological communities and the way for more informed conservation that acknowledges the complex interplay between symbiosis and community dynamics.},
}
@article {pmid39353557,
year = {2024},
author = {Emery, MA and Beavers, KM and Van Buren, EW and Batiste, R and Dimos, B and Pellegrino, MW and Mydlarz, LD},
title = {Trade-off between photosymbiosis and innate immunity influences cnidarian's response to pathogenic bacteria.},
journal = {Proceedings. Biological sciences},
volume = {291},
number = {2032},
pages = {20240428},
doi = {10.1098/rspb.2024.0428},
pmid = {39353557},
issn = {1471-2954},
support = {//National Science Foundation/ ; //University of Texas at Arlington Phi Sigma Chapter/ ; //Society of Integrative and Comparative Biology/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Symbiosis ; *Immunity, Innate ; *Serratia marcescens/physiology ; Dinoflagellida/physiology/immunology ; Scyphozoa/microbiology/immunology/physiology ; Cnidaria/immunology/physiology ; Photosynthesis ; },
abstract = {Mutualistic relationships with photosynthetic organisms are common in cnidarians, which form an intracellular symbiosis with dinoflagellates in the family Symbiodiniaceae. The establishment and maintenance of these symbionts are associated with the suppression of key host immune factors. Because of this, there are potential trade-offs between the nutrition that cnidarian hosts gain from their symbionts and their ability to successfully defend themselves from pathogens. To investigate these potential trade-offs, we utilized the facultatively symbiotic polyps of the upside-down jellyfish Cassiopea xamachana and exposed aposymbiotic and symbiotic polyps to the pathogen Serratia marcescens. Symbiotic polyps had a lower probability of survival following S. marcescens exposure. Gene expression analyses 24 hours following pathogen exposure indicate that symbiotic animals mounted a more damaging immune response, with higher levels of inflammation and oxidative stress likely resulting in more severe disruptions to cellular homeostasis. Underlying this more damaging immune response may be differences in constitutive and pathogen-induced expression of immune transcription factors between aposymbiotic and symbiotic polyps rather than broadscale immune suppression during symbiosis. Our findings indicate that in facultatively symbiotic polyps, hosting symbionts limits C. xamachana's ability to survive pathogen exposure, indicating a trade-off between symbiosis and immunity that has potential implications for coral disease research.},
}
@article {pmid39353261,
year = {2024},
author = {Chomicki, G and Walker-Hale, N and Etchells, JP and Ritter, EJ and Weber, MG},
title = {Diversity and development of domatia: Symbiotic plant structures to host mutualistic ants or mites.},
journal = {Current opinion in plant biology},
volume = {82},
number = {},
pages = {102647},
doi = {10.1016/j.pbi.2024.102647},
pmid = {39353261},
issn = {1879-0356},
abstract = {Across the tree of life, specialized structures that offer nesting sites to ants or mites - known as domatia - have evolved independently hundreds of times, facilitating ecologically important defence and/or nutritional mutualisms. Domatia show remarkable diversity in morphology and developmental origin. Here we review the morpho-anatomical diversity of domatia, aiming to unveil the primary mechanisms governing their development. We propose hypotheses to explain the formation of these structures, based on anatomical studies of domatia and developmental genetic analyses in model species. While genes involved in domatium formation are so far unknown, domatia appear to originate via spatiotemporal shifts in the expression of common developmental genetic pathways. Our review paves the way to the genetic dissection of domatium development.},
}
@article {pmid39353192,
year = {2024},
author = {Tao, Y and Zhu, R and Wu, D},
title = {Harnessing the Power of Complementarity Between Smart Tracking Technology and Associated Health Information Technologies: Longitudinal Study.},
journal = {JMIR formative research},
volume = {8},
number = {},
pages = {e51198},
doi = {10.2196/51198},
pmid = {39353192},
issn = {2561-326X},
mesh = {Humans ; Longitudinal Studies ; *Patient Readmission/statistics &amp; numerical data ; *Medical Informatics/methods ; Male ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Aged ; Adult ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Smart tracking technology (STT) that was applied for clinical use has the potential to reduce 30-day all-cause readmission risk through streamlining clinical workflows with improved accuracy, mobility, and efficiency. However, previously published literature has inadequately addressed the joint effects of STT for clinical use and its complementary health ITs (HITs) in this context. Furthermore, while previous studies have discussed the symbiotic and pooled complementarity effects among different HITs, there is a lack of evidence-based research specifically examining the complementarity effects between STT for clinical use and other relevant HITs.<br><br>OBJECTIVE: Through a complementarity theory lens, this study aims to examine the joint effects of STT for clinical use and 3 relevant HITs on 30-day all-cause readmission risk. These HITs are STT for supply chain management, mobile IT, and health information exchange (HIE). Specifically, this study examines whether the pooled complementarity effect exists between STT for clinical use and STT for supply chain management, and whether symbiotic complementarity effects exist between STT for clinical use and mobile IT and between STT for clinical use and HIE.<br><br>METHODS: This study uses a longitudinal in-patient dataset, including 879,122 in-patient hospital admissions for 347,949 patients in 61 hospitals located in Florida and New York in the United States, from 2014 to 2015. Logistic regression was applied to assess the effect of HITs on readmission risks. Time and hospital fixed effects were controlled in the regression model. Robust standard errors (SEs) were used to account for potential heteroskedasticity. These errors were further clustered at the patient level to consider possible correlations within the patient groups.<br><br>RESULTS: The interaction between STT for clinical use and STT for supply chain management, mobile IT, and HIE was negatively associated with 30-day readmission risk, with coefficients of -0.0352 (P=.003), -0.0520 (P<.001), and -0.0216 (P=.04), respectively. These results indicate that the pooled complementarity effect exists between STT for clinical use and STT for supply chain management, and symbiotic complementarity effects exist between STT for clinical use and mobile IT and between STT for clinical use and HIE. Furthermore, the joint effects of these HITs varied depending on the hospital affiliation and patients' disease types.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Our results reveal that while individual HIT implementations have varying impacts on 30-day readmission risk, their joint effects are often associated with a reduction in 30-day readmission risk. This study substantially contributes to HIT value literature by quantifying the complementarity effects among 4 different types of HITs: STT for clinical use, STT for supply chain management, mobile IT, and HIE. It further offers practical implications for hospitals to maximize the benefits of their complementary HITs in reducing the 30-day readmission risk in their respective care scenarios.},
}
@article {pmid39354409,
year = {2024},
author = {González-Pech, RA and Shepherd, J and Fuller, ZL and LaJeunesse, TC and Parkinson, JE},
title = {The genome of a giant clam zooxanthella (Cladocopium infistulum) offers few clues to adaptation as an extracellular symbiont with high thermotolerance.},
journal = {BMC genomics},
volume = {25},
number = {1},
pages = {914},
pmid = {39354409},
issn = {1471-2164},
support = {0142687//University of South Florida Research &amp; Innovation Internal Awards Program/ ; },
mesh = {*Symbiosis/genetics ; Animals ; *Dinoflagellida/genetics/physiology ; *Thermotolerance/genetics ; *Bivalvia/genetics/physiology ; *Phylogeny ; Genome ; Adaptation, Physiological/genetics ; Genomics ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Cladocopium infistulum (Symbiodiniaceae) is a dinoflagellate specialized to live in symbiosis with western Pacific giant clams (Tridacnidae). Unlike coral-associated symbionts, which reside within the host cells, C. infistulum inhabits the extracellular spaces of the clam's digestive diverticula. It is phylogenetically basal to a large species complex of stress-tolerant Cladocopium, many of which are associated with important reef-building corals in the genus Porites. This close phylogenetic relationship may explain why C. infistulum exhibits high thermotolerance relative to other tridacnid symbionts. Moreover, past analyses of microsatellite loci indicated that Cladocopium underwent whole-genome duplication prior to the adaptive radiations that led to its present diversity.<br><br>RESULTS: A draft genome assembly of C. infistulum was produced using long- and short-read sequences to explore the genomic basis for adaptations underlying thermotolerance and extracellular symbiosis among dinoflagellates and to look for evidence of genome duplication. Comparison to three other Cladocopium genomes revealed no obvious over-representation of gene groups or families whose functions would be important for maintaining C. infistulum's unique physiological and ecological properties. Preliminary analyses support the existence of partial or whole-genome duplication among Cladocopium, but additional high-quality genomes are required to substantiate these findings.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Although this investigation of Cladocopium infistulum revealed no patterns diagnostic of heat tolerance or extracellular symbiosis in terms of overrepresentation of gene functions or genes under selection, it provided a valuable genomic resource for comparative analyses. It also indicates that ecological divergence among Cladocopium species, and potentially among other dinoflagellates, is partially governed by mechanisms other than gene content. Thus, additional high-quality, multiomic data are needed to explore the molecular basis of key phenotypes among symbiotic microalgae.},
}
@article {pmid39354027,
year = {2024},
author = {Dhalaria, R and Verma, R and Sharma, R and Jomova, K and Nepovimova, E and Kumar, H and Kuca, K},
title = {Assessing the potential role of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in improving the phytochemical content and antioxidant properties in Gomphrena globosa.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {14},
number = {1},
pages = {22830},
pmid = {39354027},
issn = {2045-2322},
support = {VEGA Project 1/0542/24//Scientific Grant Agency/ ; APVV-15-0079//Research and Development Support Agency/ ; Excellence project PrF UHK 2016/2023-2024//UHK/ ; },
mesh = {*Mycorrhizae/metabolism ; *Antioxidants/pharmacology/metabolism/analysis ; *Phytochemicals/analysis/chemistry/pharmacology ; *Flavonoids/analysis/metabolism ; *Plant Extracts/pharmacology/chemistry ; Phenols/metabolism/analysis ; Tannins/analysis/metabolism ; Flowers/chemistry/metabolism/microbiology ; Symbiosis ; Saponins/analysis/metabolism ; },
abstract = {Strategies to increase the secondary metabolite production, obtained from medicinal plants has been the topic of research in recent years. The symbiotic interaction between arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and plants allows host-fungus pairings to enhance secondary metabolite synthesis. Therefore, the current study investigated the effect of inoculating two distinct AMF species discretely as well as in conjunction on the flower-derived secondary metabolites in Gomphrena globosa. The findings showed that the plants inoculated with combined treatment exhibited higher total phenolic (50.11 mg GAE/g DW), flavonoids (29.67 mg QE/g DW), saponins (122.55 mg DE/g DW), tannins (165.71 TAE/g DW) and terpenoid (8.24 mg LE/g DW) content in the methanolic extract. HPTLC examination showed the existence of kaempferol and benzoic acid with the highest amount (0.90% and 5.83% respectively) observed in the same treatment. FTIR analysis revealed functional group peaks with increased peak intensity in the combination treatment. Higher antioxidant activities such as DPPH (IC50: 401.39 µg/mL), ABTS (IC50: 71.18 µg/mL) and FRAP (8774.73 µM Fe (II) equivalent) were observed in the methanolic extract of combined treatment. To our knowledge, this is the first study on the impact of AMF inoculation on bioactive compounds and antioxidant activities in G. globosa flowers. Moreover, this study could lead to the development of novel pharmaceuticals and herbal remedies for various diseases.},
}
@article {pmid39352455,
year = {2024},
author = {Bunn, RA and Corrêa, A and Joshi, J and Kaiser, C and Lekberg, Y and Prescott, CE and Sala, A and Karst, J},
title = {What determines transfer of carbon from plants to mycorrhizal fungi?.},
journal = {The New phytologist},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/nph.20145},
pmid = {39352455},
issn = {1469-8137},
support = {//MPG Ranch/ ; 819446//H2020 European Research Council/ ; COE7//Austrian Science Fund/ ; },
abstract = {Biological Market Models are common evolutionary frameworks to understand the maintenance of mutualism in mycorrhizas. 'Surplus C' hypotheses provide an alternative framework where stoichiometry and source-sink dynamics govern mycorrhizal function. A critical difference between these frameworks is whether carbon transfer from plants is regulated by nutrient transfer from fungi or through source-sink dynamics. In this review, we: provide a historical perspective; summarize studies that asked whether plants transfer more carbon to fungi that transfer more nutrients; conduct a meta-analysis to assess whether mycorrhizal plant growth suppressions are related to carbon transfer; and review literature on cellular mechanisms for carbon transfer. In sum, current knowledge does not indicate that carbon transfer from plants is directly regulated by nutrient delivery from fungi. Further, mycorrhizal plant growth responses were linked to nutrient uptake rather than carbon transfer. These findings are more consistent with 'Surplus C' hypotheses than Biological Market Models. However, we also identify research gaps, and future research may uncover a mechanism directly linking carbon and nutrient transfer. Until then, we urge caution when applying economic terminology to describe mycorrhizas. We present a synthesis of ideas, consider knowledge gaps, and suggest experiments to advance the field.},
}
@article {pmid39351829,
year = {2024},
author = {Suetsugu, K and Matsubayashi, J and Okada, H},
title = {Stable Isotope Signatures Illuminate Diverse Nutritional Strategies in Rhizoctonias and Their Orchid Partners.},
journal = {Plant, cell &amp; environment},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/pce.15167},
pmid = {39351829},
issn = {1365-3040},
support = {//Financial support for this study was generously provided by Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO) (JPMJPR21D6) from the Japan Science and Technology Agency, and the JSPS KAKENHI (21H04784), as well as a Joint Research Grant for the Environmental Isotope Study of Research Institute for Humanity and Nature./ ; },
abstract = {Understanding the nutritional ecology of orchids, particularly those in symbiosis with rhizoctonias, presents a complex challenge. This complexity arises partly from the absence of macroscopic fruit bodies in rhizoctonias, which impedes the acquisition of their stable isotope data. In this study, we investigated the fungal associations and isotopic signatures in the pelotons of Stigmatodactylus sikokianus (associated with non-ectomycorrhizal [non-ECM] rhizoctonias) and Chamaegastrodia shikokiana (associated with ECM rhizoctonias). Our research reveals elevated levels of [13]C enrichment in S. sikokianus plants and their pelotons, similar to those found in fully mycoheterotrophic orchids and their mycobionts. Interestingly, C. shikokiana plants and their pelotons exhibited even higher levels of [13]C and [15]N enrichment than many other fully mycoheterotrophic species. Our findings imply that both ECM and saprotrophic mycobionts, including certain rhizoctonias, can fulfill the carbon needs of highly mycoheterotrophic orchids. This finding also indicates that [13]C enrichment can be an indicator of mycoheterotrophy in at least some rhizoctonia-associated orchids, despite the typically low [13]C enrichment in non-ECM rhizoctonias. Our demonstration of partial mycoheterotrophy in S. sikokianus suggests a broader prevalence of this nutritional strategy among orchids, given that almost all orchids are associated with non-ECM rhizoctonias.},
}
@article {pmid39350697,
year = {2024},
author = {Díaz-Hernández, AM and Sepúlveda, DA and González-González, A and Briones, LM and Correa, MCG and Figueroa, CC},
title = {Water deficit and aphid resilience on wheat: examining Sitobion avenae F. and their bacterial symbionts interplay under controlled laboratory conditions.},
journal = {Pest management science},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1002/ps.8428},
pmid = {39350697},
issn = {1526-4998},
support = {1210713//ANID/FONDECYT Regular/ ; ATE230025//ANID/Anillos/ ; 3240368//ANID/FONDECYT Postdoctoral/ ; 220194//ANID/FOVI/ ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Climate change has far-reaching effects on food security and agriculture, affecting crop yields and food distribution. Agriculture relies heavily on water for irrigation and production, making it vulnerable to water scarcity. Additionally, climate change can affect crop pest insects, leading to increased global crop losses, particularly in cereals, an important component of the human diet. Aphids are major crop pests and have a symbiotic relationship with bacterial endosymbionts that can contribute to their success as pests under a climate change scenario. To test the effect of drought on aphids, we examined varying levels of water deficit and endosymbiont composition on the grain aphid (Sitobion avenae) performance on wheat under controlled laboratory conditions. We measured the intrinsic rate of population increase (rm), the body weight of adult aphids, and the pre-reproductive period for different genotypes of the grain aphid (including Chilean superclones) under different irrigation regimes. We also analyzed the relative abundance of their endosymbionts under the different water treatments.<br><br>RESULTS: Our findings revealed that water deficit affects each aphid genotype differently, impacting various traits. For instance, the body weight of adult aphids was notably affected by different water treatments, with aphids grown under intermediate water deficit (IW) being significantly bigger. The relative abundance of endosymbionts also varied among genotypes and water treatments-specifically Regiella insecticola had a noticeably higher abundance under IW (P&#x2009;<&#x2009;0.05).<br><br>CONCLUSION: This study provides valuable insights into the impact of water deficit on aphid performance and the role of endosymbionts in mitigating the effects of water deficit. &#xa9; 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.},
}
@article {pmid39350172,
year = {2024},
author = {Liu, T and Liu, Z and Fan, J and Yuan, Y and Liu, H and Xian, W and Xiang, S and Yang, X and Liu, Y and Liu, S and Zhang, M and Jiao, Y and Cheng, S and Doyle, JJ and Xie, F and Li, J and Tian, Z},
title = {Loss of Lateral suppressor gene is associated with evolution of root nodule symbiosis in Leguminosae.},
journal = {Genome biology},
volume = {25},
number = {1},
pages = {250},
pmid = {39350172},
issn = {1474-760X},
mesh = {*Symbiosis/genetics ; *Root Nodules, Plant/microbiology/genetics ; *Plant Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; *Phylogeny ; *Fabaceae/genetics/microbiology ; *Evolution, Molecular ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Plant Root Nodulation/genetics ; Medicago truncatula/genetics/microbiology ; Genes, Plant ; Glycine max/genetics/microbiology ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Root nodule symbiosis (RNS) is a fascinating evolutionary event. Given that limited genes conferring the evolution of RNS in Leguminosae have been functionally validated, the genetic basis of the evolution of RNS remains largely unknown. Identifying the genes involved in the evolution of RNS will help to reveal the mystery.<br><br>RESULTS: Here, we investigate the gene loss event during the evolution of RNS in Leguminosae through phylogenomic and synteny analyses in 48 species including 16 Leguminosae species. We reveal that loss of the Lateral suppressor gene, a member of the GRAS-domain protein family, is associated with the evolution of RNS in Leguminosae. Ectopic expression of the Lateral suppressor (Ls) gene from tomato and its homolog MONOCULM 1 (MOC1) and Os7 from rice in soybean and Medicago truncatula result in almost completely lost nodulation capability. Further investigation shows that Lateral suppressor protein, Ls, MOC1, and Os7 might function through an interaction with NODULATION SIGNALING PATHWAY 2 (NSP2) and CYCLOPS to repress the transcription of NODULE INCEPTION (NIN) to inhibit the nodulation in Leguminosae. Additionally, we find that the cathepsin H (CTSH), a conserved protein, could interact with Lateral suppressor protein, Ls, MOC1, and Os7 and affect the nodulation.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: This study sheds light on uncovering the genetic basis of the evolution of RNS in Leguminosae and suggests that gene loss plays an essential role.},
}
@article {pmid39350012,
year = {2024},
author = {Kumar, P and Joshi, AK and Sharma, N and Lata, S and Mehmood, S and Ahlawat, YK and Malik, A and Moussa, IM and Kerketta, A and Soni, P},
title = {Integrative approaches to improve litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) plant health using bio-transformations and entomopathogenic fungi.},
journal = {BMC plant biology},
volume = {24},
number = {1},
pages = {902},
pmid = {39350012},
issn = {1471-2229},
mesh = {*Litchi/microbiology/metabolism ; *Rhizosphere ; Azotobacter/metabolism ; Soil Microbiology ; Pseudomonas/physiology ; Symbiosis ; Metarhizium/physiology ; Mycorrhizae/physiology ; Plant Roots/microbiology ; Fungi/physiology ; },
abstract = {Bio-transformations refer to the chemical modifications made by an organism on a chemical compound that often involves the interaction of plants with microbes to alter the chemical composition of soil or plant. Integrating bio-transformations and entomopathogenic fungi into litchi cultivation can enhance symbiotic relationships, microbial enzymatic activity in rhizosphere, disease suppression and promote overall plant health. The integration of biological formulations and entomopathogenic fungi can significantly influence growth, nutrient dynamics, physiology, and rhizosphere microbiome of air-layered litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) saplings. Biological modifications included, K-mobilizers, AM fungi, Pseudomonas florescence and Azotobacter chroococcum along with Metarhizium, entomopathogenic fungi have been used. The treatments included, T1-Litchi orchard soil + sand (1:1); T2-Sand + AM fungi + Azotobacter chroococcum (1:2:1); T3-Sand + Pseudomonas florecence + K-mobilizer (1:1:1); T4- AM fungi + K-mobilizers (1:1); T5, P. Florecence + A. chroococcum + K-mobilizer (1:1:1); T6-Sand + P. florecence (1:2) and T7-Uninoculated control for field performance. Treatments T4-T6 were further uniformly amended with drenching of Metarrhizium in rhizosphere. T2 application significantly increased resident microbe survival, total chlorophyll content and root soil ratio in seedlings. A. chroococcum, Pseudomonas, K-mobilizers and AM fungi increased in microbial biomass of 2.59, 3.39, 2.42 and 2.77 times, respectively. Acidic phosphatases, dehydrogenases and alkaline phosphatases were increased in rhizosphere. Leaf nutrients reflected through DOP were considerably altered by T2 treatment. Based on Eigen value, PCA-induced changes at biological modifications showed maximum total variance. The study inferred that the bio-transformations through microbial inoculants and entomopathogenic fungi could be an encouraging strategy to enhance the growth of plants, health and productivity. Such practices align well with the goals of sustainable agriculture through biological means by reducing dependency on chemical inputs. By delving into these aspects, the research gaps including microbial processes, competitive and symbiotic relationships, resistance in microbes and how complex interactions among bio-transformations, entomopathogenic fungi and microbes can significantly impact the health and productivity of litchi. Understanding and harnessing these interactions can lead to more effective and sustainable farming practices.},
}
@article {pmid39349234,
year = {2024},
author = {Montenegro-López, D and Cortés-Cortés, G and Balbuena-Alonso, MG and Warner, C and Camps, M},
title = {Wolbachia-Based Emerging Strategies for Control of Vector-Transmitted Disease.},
journal = {Acta tropica},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {107410},
doi = {10.1016/j.actatropica.2024.107410},
pmid = {39349234},
issn = {1873-6254},
abstract = {Dengue fever is a mosquito-transmitted disease of great public health importance. Dengue lacks adequate vaccine protection and insecticide-based methods of mosquito control are proving increasingly ineffective. Here we review the emerging use of mosquitoes transinfected with the obligate intracellular bacterium Wolbachia pipientis for vector control. Wolbachia often induces cytoplasmic incompatibility in its mosquito hosts, resulting in infertile progeny between an infected male and an uninfected female. Wolbachia infection also suppresses the replication of pathogens in the mosquito, a process known as "pathogen blocking". Two strategies have emerged. The first one releases Wolbachia-carriers (both male and female) to replace the wild mosquito population, a process driven by cytoplasmic incompatibility and that becomes irreversible once a threshold is reached. This suppresses disease transmission mainly by pathogen blocking and frequently requires a single intervention. The second strategy floods the field population with an exclusively male population of Wolbachia-carrying mosquitoes to generate infertile hybrid progeny. In this case, transmission suppression depends largely on decreasing the population density of mosquitoes caused by infertility and requires continued mosquito release. The efficacy of both Wolbachia-based approaches has been conclusively demonstrated by randomized and non-randomized studies of deployments across the world. However, results conducted in one setting cannot be directly or easily extrapolated to other settings because dengue incidence is highly affected by the conditions into which the mosquitoes are released. Compared to traditional methods, Wolbachia-based approaches are much more environmentally friendly and can be effective in the medium/long term. On the flip side, they are much more complex and cost-intensive operations, requiring a substantial investment, infrastructure, trained personnel, coordination between agencies, and community engagement. Finally, we discuss recent evidence suggesting that transinfected Wolbachia in released mosquitoes has a moderate potential risk of spreading genes in the environment.},
}
@article {pmid39348094,
year = {2024},
author = {Schweiggert-Weisz, U and Etzbach, L and Gola, S and Kulling, SE and Diekmann, C and Egert, S and Daniel, H},
title = {Opinion Piece: New Plant-Based Food Products Between Technology and Physiology.},
journal = {Molecular nutrition &amp; food research},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e2400376},
doi = {10.1002/mnfr.202400376},
pmid = {39348094},
issn = {1613-4133},
support = {//German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF)/ ; },
abstract = {The rapid growth of product sectors for plant-based meat and dairy alternatives has raised significant scientific interest in their nutritional and ecological benefits. Here, it outlines the fractionation of plant-based raw materials and describes the technologies applied in the production of meat and dairy substitutes. Moreover, the study describes the effects of these new products on human nutrient supply and metabolic responses. Examples of meat-like products produced by extrusion technology and dairy alternatives are provided, addressing production challenges and the effects of processing on nutrient digestibility and bioavailability. In contrast to animal-based products, plant-based protein ingredients can contain many compounds produced by plants for defense or symbiotic interactions, such as lectins, phytates, and a wide range of secondary metabolites. The intake of these compounds as part of a plant-based diet can influence the digestion, bioaccessibility, and bioavailability of essential nutrients such as minerals and trace elements but also of amino acids. This is a critical factor, especially in regions with limited plant species for human consumption and inadequate technologies to eliminate these compounds. To fully understand these impacts and ensure that plant-based diets meet human nutritional needs, well-controlled human studies are needed.},
}
@article {pmid39347570,
year = {2024},
author = {Lee, J-Y and Bays, DJ and Savage, HP and Bäumler, AJ},
title = {The human gut microbiome in health and disease: time for a new chapter?.},
journal = {Infection and immunity},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e0030224},
doi = {10.1128/iai.00302-24},
pmid = {39347570},
issn = {1098-5522},
abstract = {The gut microbiome, composed of the colonic microbiota and their host environment, is important for many aspects of human health. A gut microbiome imbalance (gut dysbiosis) is associated with major causes of human morbidity and mortality. Despite the central part our gut microbiome plays in health and disease, mechanisms that maintain homeostasis and properties that demarcate dysbiosis remain largely undefined. Here we discuss that sorting taxa into meaningful ecological units reveals that the availability of respiratory electron acceptors, such as oxygen, in the host environment has a dominant influence on gut microbiome health. During homeostasis, host functions that limit the diffusion of oxygen into the colonic lumen shelter a microbial community dominated by primary fermenters from atmospheric oxygen. In turn, primary fermenters break down unabsorbed nutrients into fermentation products that support host nutrition. This symbiotic relationship is disrupted when host functions that limit the luminal availability of host-derived electron acceptors become weakened. The resulting changes in the host environment drive alterations in the microbiota composition, which feature an elevated abundance of facultatively anaerobic microbes. Thus, the part of the gut microbiome that becomes imbalanced during dysbiosis is the host environment, whereas changes in the microbiota composition are secondary to this underlying cause. This shift in our understanding of dysbiosis provides a novel starting point for therapeutic strategies to restore microbiome health. Such strategies can either target the microbes through metabolism-based editing or strengthen the host functions that control their environment.},
}
@article {pmid39347544,
year = {2024},
author = {Yergaliyev, T and Künzel, S and Hanauska, A and Rees, A and Wild, KJ and Pétursdóttir, &#xc1;H and Gunnlaugsdóttir, H and Reynolds, CK and Humphries, DJ and Rodehutscord, M and Camarinha-Silva, A},
title = {The effect of Asparagopsis taxiformis, Ascophyllum nodosum, and Fucus vesiculosus on ruminal methanogenesis and metagenomic functional profiles in vitro.},
journal = {Microbiology spectrum},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e0394223},
doi = {10.1128/spectrum.03942-23},
pmid = {39347544},
issn = {2165-0497},
abstract = {UNLABELLED: The ruminant-microorganism symbiosis is unique by providing high-quality food from fibrous materials but also contributes to the production of one of the most potent greenhouse gases-methane. Mitigating methanogenesis in ruminants has been a focus of interest in the past decades. One of the promising strategies to combat methane production is the use of feed supplements, such as seaweeds, that might mitigate methanogenesis via microbiome modulation and direct chemical inhibition. We conducted in vitro investigations of the effect of three seaweeds (Ascophyllum nodosum, Asparagopsis taxiformis, and Fucus vesiculosus) harvested at different locations (Iceland, Scotland, and Portugal) on methane production. We applied metataxonomics (16S rRNA gene amplicons) and metagenomics (shotgun) methods to uncover the interplay between the microbiome's taxonomical and functional states, methanogenesis rates, and seaweed supplementations. Methane concentration was reduced by A. nodosum and F. vesiculosus, both harvested in Scotland and A. taxiformis, with the greatest effect of the latter. A. taxiformis acted through the reduction of archaea-to-bacteria ratios but not eukaryotes-to-bacteria. Moreover, A. taxiformis application was accompanied by shifts in both taxonomic and functional profiles of the microbial communities, decreasing not only archaeal ratios but also abundances of methanogenesis-associated functions. Methanobrevibacter "SGMT" (M. smithii, M. gottschalkii, M. millerae or M. thaueri; high methane yield) to "RO" (M. ruminantium and M. olleyae; low methane yield) clades ratios were also decreased, indicating that A. taxiformis application favored Methanobrevibacter species that produce less methane. Most of the functions directly involved in methanogenesis were less abundant, while the abundances of the small subset of functions that participate in methane assimilation were increased.<br><br>IMPORTANCE: The application of A. taxiformis significantly reduced methane production in vitro. We showed that this reduction was linked to changes in microbial function profiles, the decline in the overall archaeal community counts, and shifts in ratios of Methanobrevibacter "SGMT" and "RO" clades. A. nodosum and F. vesiculosus, obtained from Scotland, also decreased methane concentration in the total gas, while the same seaweed species from Iceland did not.},
}
@article {pmid39347381,
year = {2024},
author = {Malat, I and Drancourt, M and Grine, G},
title = {Methanobrevibacter smithii cell variants in human physiology and pathology: A review.},
journal = {Heliyon},
volume = {10},
number = {18},
pages = {e36742},
pmid = {39347381},
issn = {2405-8440},
abstract = {Methanobrevibacter smithii (M. smithii), initially isolated from human feces, has been recognised as a distinct taxon within the Archaea domain following comprehensive phenotypic, genetic, and genomic analyses confirming its uniqueness among methanogens. Its diversity, encompassing 15 genotypes, mirrors that of biotic and host-associated ecosystems in which M. smithii plays a crucial role in detoxifying hydrogen from bacterial fermentations, converting it into mechanically expelled gaseous methane. In microbiota in contact with host epithelial mucosae, M. smithii centres metabolism-driven microbial networks with Bacteroides, Prevotella, Ruminococcus, Veillonella, Enterococcus, Escherichia, Enterobacter, Klebsiella, whereas symbiotic association with the nanoarchaea Candidatus Nanopusillus phoceensis determines small and large cell variants of M. smithii. The former translocate with bacteria to induce detectable inflammatory and serological responses and are co-cultured from blood, urine, and tissular abscesses with bacteria, prototyping M. smithii as a model organism for pathogenicity by association. The sources, mechanisms and dynamics of in utero and lifespan M. smithii acquisition, its diversity, and its susceptibility to molecules of environmental, veterinary, and medical interest still have to be deeply investigated, as only four strains of M. smithii are available in microbial collections, despite the pivotal role this neglected microorganism plays in microbiota physiology and pathologies.},
}
@article {pmid39347164,
year = {2024},
author = {Previ, L and Iorio, R and Solmone, M and Mazza, D and Marzilli, F and Di Niccolo, R and Corsetti, F and Viglietta, E and Carrozzo, A and Maffulli, N},
title = {Worrying Presence of Asymptomatic Bacterial Colonisation on Implanted Orthopedic Devices.},
journal = {Cureus},
volume = {16},
number = {8},
pages = {e68126},
pmid = {39347164},
issn = {2168-8184},
abstract = {Background Bacterial infection after hardware implantation in orthopedic and trauma surgery is devastating, resulting in increased hospital costs and stays, multiple revision surgeries, and prolonged use of antibiotics. The present study aims to determine whether a symbiotic relationship between the human organism and bacteria in hardware implantation may be present, without clinically evident infection. Materials and methods We studied explanted devices for microbiological analysis, using the sonication technique, from patients who underwent surgical removal of musculoskeletal hardware for mechanical reasons. None of the patients included in the study had clinical or biochemical signs of infection. Results Forty-nine patients were enrolled. Cultures tested positive for bacteria in 42.8% of the 49 patients (21 of 49). In 13 patients, Gram-positive bacteria were isolated, while Gram-negative bacteria were isolated from nine patients. The most frequent bacterial species found was Pseudomonas aeruginosa, with six positive cultures (28.5%). Coagulase-negative staphylococci were isolated from ten implants (47%). Conclusion A pacific coexistence between humans and bacteria is possible following the implantation of metallic devices for trauma or orthopedic ailments. It is still unclear how strong or unstable this equilibrium is.},
}
@article {pmid39346888,
year = {2024},
author = {Yuan, P and Li, M and Chen, S and Xiang, W},
title = {Advances in Phosphogypsum Calcination and Decomposition Processes in Circulating Fluidized Beds.},
journal = {ACS omega},
volume = {9},
number = {38},
pages = {39307-39325},
pmid = {39346888},
issn = {2470-1343},
abstract = {Phosphogypsum (PG) is an industrial hazardous waste product discharged during wet-process phosphoric acid production. Once crystallized, the byproduct PG is filtered and separated from the liquid-phase product and sluiced to the disposal area near the production site for storage, seriously threatening the harmonious symbiosis between humans and nature. Therefore, devising effective solid waste management and cleaner production programs to contain and eliminate PG is of interest to researchers. In this study, the utilization status of PG is comprehensively reviewed, and a feasibility pathway for resourceful recovery of PG is proposed. The key challenges and countermeasures for the high-temperature calcination and decomposition of PG are analyzed and discussed. The visualization analysis based on bibliometrics reveals that the maximum recovery of abundant calcium (as CaO) and sulfur (as SO2) in PG and their utilization for the copreparation of calcium-based materials and sulfuric acid are the most suitable solutions for the large-scale application of PG. Five challenges that restrict the commercial promotion of PG calcination and decomposition processes are perfecting the calcium-sulfur conversion mechanism, establishing a process strengthening strategy, developing value-added technology routes, mastering unit scale-up regularity, and conducting sustainable performance assessment. Industrial applications are expected within 10-15 years.},
}
@article {pmid39346034,
year = {2024},
author = {Sittisart, P and Mahidsanan, T and Yuvanatemiya, V and Srinamngoen, P},
title = {Technological quality and fungal community of Kombucha fermented with hemp leaves and milky mushroom flour (Calocybe indica).},
journal = {PeerJ},
volume = {12},
number = {},
pages = {e18116},
pmid = {39346034},
issn = {2167-8359},
mesh = {*Fermentation ; *Plant Leaves/microbiology/chemistry ; *Cannabis/chemistry ; Antioxidants/metabolism/analysis ; Kombucha Tea/microbiology ; Fungi ; Agaricales/chemistry ; Flavonoids/analysis/metabolism ; },
abstract = {Kombucha is traditionally a non-alcoholic beverage whose production is dependent on culture and the various ingredients used as substrates for fermentation. The goal of our study was to apply hemp leaf and milky mushroom (Calocybe indica) flour as functional ingredients to enhance phytonutrient quality, along with using a microbial consortium highly symbiotic with these ingredients. The study determined the content of phytonutrients (phenolic and flavonoids content), antioxidant activity through percentage inhibition of DPPH radical scavenging activity (%), and microbial communities changes during fermentation. The microbial changes were evaluated by cell viable count (total bacteria, Lactic Acid Bacteria, and Yeast &amp; Mold) and ITS in prepared kombucha (using red tea leaves, pandan leaves, and sucrose) supplemented with functional ingredients: T1 (hemp leaves (control)) and T2 (hemp leaves with milky mushroom flour). The results indicated that microbial consortium changed during fermentation. In the first 7 days, the levels of yeast and mold increased to 6.17 and 6.18 log CFU/mL, respectively. By day 21, the levels of both T1 and T2 continued to rise, reaching 7.78 and 7.82 log CFU/mL, respectively. The viable count of lactic acid bacteria in T1 and T2 gradually increased to 6.79 and 6.70 log CFU/mL, respectively, by day 14. These changes resulted in a marked decrease in pH value, reaching 3.63 and 3.23 in T1 and T2, respectively, by the end of the process (21 days). The total bacterial viable count decreased with an increase in the fermentation time. During fermentation, unique genera of tea fungus observed in T1 and T2 were 64% and 19%, respectively. At the beginning (0 days), the top five genera found in T1 were: g__Setophoma (25.91%), g__Macrocybe (14.88%), g__Cladosporium (7.81%), g__Phaeosphaeria (7.12%), g__Malassezia (6.63%), while the top five genera in T2 were g__Macrocybe (94.55%), g__Setophoma (1.87%), g__Cladosporium (0.77%), g__Phaeosphaeria (0.40%), g__Cordyceps (0.38%). However, on day 21 (end of the process), it was found that g__Dekkera had the highest relative abundance in both T1 and T2. In addition, the supplementation of the two ingredients affected the total phenolic and total flavonoid content of the treatments. At the end of the process, T2 showed values of 155.91 mg GAE/mL for total phenolics and 1.01 mg CE/mL for total flavonoids, compared to T1, which had 129.52 mg GAE/mL and 0.69 mg CE/mL, respectively. Additionally, the DPPH inhibition was higher in T1 (91.95%) compared to T2 (91.03%). The findings suggest that kombucha fermented with these innovative ingredients exhibited enhanced phytonutrients, and served as substrate for LAB and tea fungus fermentation, while limiting the growth of fungal genera and diversity of microbial consortium.},
}
@article {pmid39345965,
year = {2024},
author = {Dey, B and Jayaraman, S and Balasubramanian, P},
title = {Upcycling of tea processing waste into kombucha-derived bioactive cellulosic composite for prospective wound dressing action.},
journal = {3 Biotech},
volume = {14},
number = {10},
pages = {253},
pmid = {39345965},
issn = {2190-572X},
abstract = {The aim of the study was to utilize kombucha-derived bacterial cellulosic sheet [KBC], formed as a by-product of fermented, sugared black tea (in the presence of a symbiotic culture of bacteria and yeast), for potential wound dressing applications. KBC was functionalized using aqueous and ethanolic extracts of different phytochemical agents using two ex-situ methods- casting and impregnation. It was observed that casted KBC functionalized with ethanolic extract of Turmeric (1.2% w/w) yielded a maximum zone of inhibition (24.37 ± 0.42 mm) against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The hemocompatibility test confirmed the composite's biocompatible nature as the percentage hemocompatibility was found to be less than 5%. The MTT assay established its viability and anti-cancerous properties with Turmeric extract loaded KBC showing higher efficiency compared to Tulsi extract. FTIR analysis and SEM imaging confirmed the functionalization of cellulose sheets and the change in morphology. The contact angle analysis showed improved hydrophilic properties of the sheets for absorbing wound exudates, and the water absorption study revealed maximum absorptivity of up to 321.20 ± 6.23%. Thus, it can be concluded from the study that tea processing waste can be reused to produce a value-added product that can act as an efficient, cost-effective biomaterial for wound dressing applications.},
}
@article {pmid39344507,
year = {2024},
author = {Xu, Y and Huang, Y and Wu, W and Suahid, MS and Luo, C and Zhu, Y and Guo, Y and Yuan, J},
title = {Augmentation of Fermentability and Bioavailability Characteristics of Wheat Bran via the Synergistic Interaction between Arabinoxylan-Specific Degrading Enzymes and Lactic Acid Bacteria.},
journal = {Journal of agricultural and food chemistry},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1021/acs.jafc.4c02423},
pmid = {39344507},
issn = {1520-5118},
abstract = {To enhance the use of wheat bran in chicken feed, a solid-state fermentation approach was used with Lactobacillus paracasei LAC28 and Pediococcus acidilactici BCC-1, along with arabinoxylan-specific degrading enzymes (xylanase, arabinofuranosidase, feruloyl esterase, XAF). The effects of the fermentation process were evaluated both in vitro and in vivo. In the in vitro study, XAF supplementation demonstrated superior performance, significantly reducing the pH of the fermented wheat bran (FWB) and increasing lactic, acetic, and butyric acid levels, total phenol content, and free radical scavenging capacity (P < 0.05) compared to the XAF-free group. In the in vivo study, broilers were fed diets containing either unfermented wheat bran (UFWB) or FWB (fermented individually with LAC28 or BCC-1). Broilers fed FWB with BCC-1 exhibited significant improvements in body weight gain, intestinal morphology, and nutrient digestibility (P < 0.05) compared to the control group. Moreover, the FWB established a healthier microbial community in the avian gastrointestinal tract. Overall, this study demonstrated the potential of combining XAF and bacteria to enhance wheat bran fermentation, benefiting broiler intestinal health and growth. This innovative approach holds promise as a cost-efficient and sustainable strategy to improve the nutritional quality of wheat bran for animal feed applications.},
}
@article {pmid39344378,
year = {2024},
author = {Nyzhnyk, T and Kots, S and Pukhtaievych, P},
title = {Rhizobium Inoculant and Seed-Applied Fungicide Effects Improve the Drought Tolerance of Soybean Plants as an Effective Agroecological Solution under Climate Change Conditions.},
journal = {Frontiers in bioscience (Elite edition)},
volume = {16},
number = {3},
pages = {23},
doi = {10.31083/j.fbe1603023},
pmid = {39344378},
issn = {1945-0508},
support = {0121U107432//National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine/ ; },
mesh = {*Glycine max/microbiology/drug effects/growth &amp; development ; *Fungicides, Industrial/pharmacology ; *Droughts ; *Climate Change ; *Seeds/drug effects/microbiology ; Rhizobium/physiology/drug effects ; Bradyrhizobium/drug effects/physiology ; Antioxidants/metabolism ; Symbiosis ; Drought Resistance ; Dioxoles ; Pyrroles ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Rhizobial inoculation in combination with fungicidal seed treatment is an effective solution for improving soybean resistance to modern climate changes due to the maximum implementation of the plant's stress-protective antioxidant properties and their nitrogen-fixing potential, which will contribute to the preservation of the environment.<br><br>METHODS: Model ecosystems at different stages of legume-rhizobial symbiosis formation, created by treatment before sowing soybean seeds with a fungicide (fludioxonil, 25 g/L) and inoculation with an active strain of Bradyrhizobium japonicum (titer 109 cells per mL), were subjected to microbiological, biochemical, and physiological testing methods in controlled and field conditions.<br><br>RESULTS: Seed treatment with fungicide and rhizobia showed different patterns in the dynamics of key antioxidant enzymes in soybean nodules under drought conditions. Superoxide dismutase activity increased by 32.7% under moderate stress, while catalase increased by 90.6% under long-term stress. An increase in the antioxidant enzyme activity induced the regulation of lipoperoxidation processes during drought and after the restoration of irrigation. Regeneration after stress was evident in soybean plants with a combination of fungicide seed treatment and rhizobial inoculant, where enzyme levels and lipoperoxidation processes returned to control plant levels. Applying seed treatment with fungicide and Rhizobium led to the preservation of the symbiotic apparatus functioning in drought conditions. As proof of this, molecular nitrogen fixation by nodules has a higher efficiency of 25.6% compared to soybeans without fungicide treatment. In the field, fungicidal treatment of seeds in a complex with rhizobia inoculant induced prolongation of the symbiotic apparatus functioning in the reproductive period of soybean ontogenesis. This positively affected the nitrogen-fixing activity of soybeans during the pod formation stage by more than 71.7%, as well as increasing soybean yield by 12.7% in the field.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: The application of Rhizobium inoculant and fungicide to seeds contributed to the development of antioxidant protection of soybean plants during droughts due to the activation of key enzymatic complexes and regulation of lipoperoxidation processes, which have a positive effect on nitrogen fixation and productivity of soybeans. This is a necessary element in soybean agrotechnologies to improve plant adaptation and resilience in the context of modern climate change.},
}
@article {pmid39344164,
year = {2024},
author = {McAtamney, A and Ferranti, A and Ludvik, DA and Yildiz, FH and Mandel, MJ and Hayward, T and Sanchez, LM},
title = {Microbial Metabolomics' Latest SICRIT: Soft Ionization by Chemical Reaction In-Transfer Mass Spectrometry.},
journal = {Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1021/jasms.4c00309},
pmid = {39344164},
issn = {1879-1123},
abstract = {Microbial metabolomics studies are a common approach for identifying microbial strains that have a capacity to produce new chemistries both in vitro and in situ. A limitation to applying microbial metabolomics to the discovery of new chemical entities is the rediscovery of known compounds, or "known unknowns." One factor contributing to this rediscovery is that the majority of laboratories use one ionization source─electrospray ionization (ESI)─to conduct metabolomics studies. Although ESI is an efficient, widely adopted ionization method, its widespread use may contribute to the reidentification of known metabolites. Here, we present the use of a dielectric barrier discharge ionization (DBDI) for microbial metabolomics applications through the use of soft ionization chemical reaction in-transfer (SICRIT). Additionally, we compared SICRIT to ESI using two different Vibrio species: Vibrio fischeri, a symbiotic marine bacterium, and Vibrio cholerae, a pathogenic bacterium. Overall, we found that the SICRIT source ionizes a different set of metabolites than ESI, and it has the ability to ionize lipids more efficiently than ESI in the positive mode. This work highlights the value of using more than one ionization source for the detection of metabolites.},
}
@article {pmid39343340,
year = {2024},
author = {Zhao, J and Song, M and Yin, D and Li, R and Yu, J and Ye, X and Chen, X},
title = {Sustainable transforming toxic sludge into amino acids via bacteria-algae consortium.},
journal = {Environmental research},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {120079},
doi = {10.1016/j.envres.2024.120079},
pmid = {39343340},
issn = {1096-0953},
abstract = {The utilization of residual sludge by microalgae represents an environmentally sustainable method for resource recovery. In this study, Tetradesmus obliquus was cultured in hydrolysate derived from toxic sludge. Under symbiotic conditions with bacteria, Tetradesmus obliquus demonstrated enhanced toxin degradation capability and biomass accumulation, which exhibited a 1.39-fold increase in algal cell density, a 1.50-fold increase in Rubisco activity, and a total protein content of 341.83 ± 6.99 mg/L on the 30th day of cultivation. Metabolic utilization of substances in the hydrolysate by microalgae led to a toxicity removal rate of up to 60.43% by day 10. Phenylalanine showed the most significant increase among essential amino acids, and transcriptomic profiling identified genes (gene_16399, gene_16602) involved in phenylalanine enrichment. Macrotranscriptomics showed that bacteria upregulated the TCS system and tryptophan metabolism, supplying microalgae with more CO2 and IAA, which enhanced amino acid enrichment. This study established a non-toxic and biomass-accumulating bacterial-algal co-cultivation system.},
}
@article {pmid39343087,
year = {2024},
author = {Xu, H and Dai, W and Xiong, Z and Huang, N and Wang, Y and Yang, Z and Luo, S and Wu, J},
title = {Identification and antibacterial activity of a novel phage-type lysozyme from the freshwater mussel Hyriopsis cumingii.},
journal = {Developmental and comparative immunology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {105272},
doi = {10.1016/j.dci.2024.105272},
pmid = {39343087},
issn = {1879-0089},
abstract = {A cDNA encoding a phage-type lysozyme, designated as HcPLYZ, was successfully cloned from Hyriopsis cumingii. The full-length cDNA sequence of HcPLYZ was determined to be 896 base pairs in length. Analysis revealed the absence of a signal peptide at its N-terminus, and identified two highly conserved phage-type lysozyme activity sites, Glu[20] and Asp[29], within the deduced amino acid sequence of HcPLYZ. The results of the cloning and sequencing symbiotic bacteria in tissues were consistent with those obtained using tissue cDNA as the template, suggesting that HcPLYZ may originate a symbiotic bacterium. The expression levels of HcPLYZ mRNA exhibited significant variations across different tissues. Successful expression was induced using IPTG, and the native recombinant protein was subsequently purified through affinity chromatography employing Ni[2+], and the optimal pH and temperature of which were determined to be 5.5 and 50°C, respectively. Following exposure to Aeromonas hydrophila, there was a significant increase in the levels of HcPLYZ mRNA in the hemocytes, hepatopancreas, and gills. HcPLYZ was demonstrated the inhibition activity of 55% and 83% against Micrococcus lysodeikticus under pH 5.5 and 50 °C conditions, respectively. These results suggested that HcPLYZ possessed antibacterial activity against both A. hydrophila and M. lysodeikticus.},
}
@article {pmid39343030,
year = {2024},
author = {Delaux, PM and Gutjahr, C},
title = {Evolution of small molecule-mediated regulation of arbuscular mycorrhiza symbiosis.},
journal = {Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences},
volume = {379},
number = {1914},
pages = {20230369},
doi = {10.1098/rstb.2023.0369},
pmid = {39343030},
issn = {1471-2970},
support = {//Max-Planck-Gesellschaft/ ; //Laboratoire d'Excellence TULIP/ ; /ERC_/European Research Council/International ; //Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft/ ; },
mesh = {*Mycorrhizae/physiology ; *Symbiosis ; *Biological Evolution ; Embryophyta/microbiology/physiology ; },
abstract = {The arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis formed by most extant land plants with symbiotic fungi evolved 450 Ma. AM promotes plant growth by improving mineral nutrient and water uptake, while the symbiotic fungi obtain carbon in return. A number of plant genes regulating the steps leading to an efficient symbiosis have been identified; however, our understanding of the metabolic processes involved in the symbiosis and how they were wired to symbiosis regulation during plant evolution remains limited. Among them, the exchange of chemical signals, the activation of dedicated biosynthesis pathways and the production of secondary metabolites regulating late stages of the AM symbiosis begin to be well described across several land plant clades. Here, we review our current understanding of these processes and propose future directions to fully grasp the phylogenetic distribution and role played by small molecules during this ancient plant symbiosis. This article is part of the theme issue 'The evolution of plant metabolism'.},
}
@article {pmid39343018,
year = {2024},
author = {Dorrell, RG and Nef, C and Altan-Ochir, S and Bowler, C and Smith, AG},
title = {Presence of vitamin B12 metabolism in the last common ancestor of land plants.},
journal = {Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences},
volume = {379},
number = {1914},
pages = {20230354},
doi = {10.1098/rstb.2023.0354},
pmid = {39343018},
issn = {1471-2970},
support = {//Agence Nationale de la Recherche/ ; //H2020 European Research Council/ ; },
mesh = {*Vitamin B 12/metabolism ; *Embryophyta/genetics/metabolism ; Phylogeny ; 5-Methyltetrahydrofolate-Homocysteine S-Methyltransferase/metabolism/genetics ; Evolution, Molecular ; Plant Proteins/metabolism/genetics ; Biological Evolution ; },
abstract = {Vitamin B12, also known as cobalamin, is an essential organic cofactor for methionine synthase (METH), and is only synthesized by a subset of bacteria. Plants and fungi have an alternative methionine synthase (METE) that does not need B12 and are typically considered not to utilize it. Some algae facultatively utilize B12 because they encode both METE and METH, while other algae are dependent on B12 as they encode METH only. We performed phylogenomic analyses of METE, METH and 11 further proteins involved in B12 metabolism across more than 1600 plant and algal genomes and transcriptomes (e.g. from OneKp), demonstrating the presence of B12-associated metabolism deep into the streptophytes. METH and five further accessory proteins (MTRR, CblB, CblC, CblD and CblJ) were detected in the hornworts (Anthocerotophyta), and two (CblB and CblJ) were identified in liverworts (Marchantiophyta) in the bryophytes, suggesting a retention of B12-metabolism in the last common land plant ancestor. Our data further show more limited distributions for other B12-related proteins (MCM and RNR-II) and B12 dependency in several algal orders. Finally, considering the collection sites of algae that have lost B12 metabolism, we propose freshwater-to-land transitions and symbiotic associations to have been constraining factors for B12 availability in early plant evolution. This article is part of the theme issue 'The evolution of plant metabolism'.},
}
@article {pmid39342390,
year = {2024},
author = {Cao, Y and Shen, Z and Zhang, N and Deng, X and Thomashow, LS and Lidbury, I and Liu, H and Li, R and Shen, Q and Kowalchuk, GA},
title = {Phosphorus availability influences disease-suppressive soil microbiome through plant-microbe interactions.},
journal = {Microbiome},
volume = {12},
number = {1},
pages = {185},
pmid = {39342390},
issn = {2049-2618},
mesh = {*Phosphorus/metabolism ; *Soil Microbiology ; *Solanum lycopersicum/microbiology ; *Plant Diseases/microbiology ; *Ralstonia solanacearum/physiology ; *Microbiota/physiology ; Rhizosphere ; Soil/chemistry ; Fertilizers ; Plant Roots/microbiology ; Bacteria/classification/metabolism/isolation &amp; purification ; Host Microbial Interactions/physiology ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Soil nutrient status and soil-borne diseases are pivotal factors impacting modern intensive agricultural production. The interplay among plants, soil microbiome, and nutrient regimes in agroecosystems is essential for developing effective disease management. However, the influence of nutrient availability on soil-borne disease suppression and associated plant-microbe interactions remains to be fully explored. T his study aims to elucidate the mechanistic understanding of nutrient impacts on disease suppression, using phosphorous as a target nutrient.<br><br>RESULTS: A 6-year field trial involving monocropping of tomatoes with varied fertilizer manipulations demonstrated that phosphorus availability is a key factor driving the control of bacterial wilt disease caused by Ralstonia solanacearum. Subsequent greenhouse experiments were then conducted to delve into the underlying mechanisms of this phenomenon by varying phosphorus availability for tomatoes challenged with the pathogen. Results showed that the alleviation of phosphorus stress promoted the disease-suppressive capacity of the rhizosphere microbiome, but not that of the bulk soil microbiome. This appears to be an extension of the plant trade-off between investment in disease defense mechanisms versus phosphorus acquisition. Adequate phosphorus levels were associated with elevated secretion of root metabolites such as L-tryptophan, methoxyindoleacetic acid, O-phosphorylethanolamine, or mangiferin, increasing the relative density of microbial biocontrol populations such as Chryseobacterium in the rhizosphere. On the other hand, phosphorus deficiency triggered an alternate defense strategy, via root metabolites like blumenol A or quercetin to form symbiosis with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, which facilitated phosphorus acquisition as well.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Overall, our study shows how phosphorus availability can influence the disease suppression capability of the soil microbiome through plant-microbial interactions. These findings highlight the importance of optimizing nutrient regimes to enhance disease suppression, facilitating targeted crop management and boosting agricultural productivity. Video Abstract.},
}
@article {pmid39342132,
year = {2024},
author = {Mfopit, YM and Bilgo, E and Boma, S and Somda, MB and Gnambani, JE and Konkobo, M and Diabate, A and Dayo, GK and Mamman, M and Kelm, S and Balogun, EO and Shuaibu, MN and Kabir, J},
title = {Symbiotic bacteria Sodalis glossinidius, Spiroplasma sp and Wolbachia do not favour Trypanosoma grayi coexistence in wild population of tsetse flies collected in Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso.},
journal = {BMC microbiology},
volume = {24},
number = {1},
pages = {373},
pmid = {39342132},
issn = {1471-2180},
mesh = {Animals ; *Tsetse Flies/microbiology/parasitology ; *Spiroplasma/isolation &amp; purification/physiology/genetics ; *Wolbachia/isolation &amp; purification/genetics ; *Symbiosis ; Burkina Faso ; *Trypanosoma/isolation &amp; purification/genetics/physiology ; *Enterobacteriaceae/isolation &amp; purification/genetics ; Insect Vectors/microbiology/parasitology ; Male ; Female ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Tsetse flies, the biological vectors of African trypanosomes, have established symbiotic associations with different bacteria. Their vector competence is suggested to be affected by bacterial endosymbionts. The current study provided the prevalence of three tsetse symbiotic bacteria and trypanosomes in Glossina species from Burkina Faso.<br><br>RESULTS: A total of 430 tsetse flies were captured using biconical traps in four different collection sites around Bobo-Dioulasso (Bama, Bana, Nasso, and Peni), and their guts were removed. Two hundred tsetse were randomly selected and their guts were screened by PCR for the presence of Sodalis glossinidius, Spiroplasma sp., Wolbachia and trypanosomes. Of the 200 tsetse, 196 (98.0%) were Glossina palpalis gambiensis and 4 (2.0%) Glossina tachinoides. The overall symbiont prevalence was 49.0%, 96.5%, and 45.0%, respectively for S. glossinidius, Spiroplasma and Wolbachia. Prevalence varied between sampling locations: S. glossinidius (54.7%, 38.5%, 31.6%, 70.8%); Spiroplasma (100%, 100%, 87.7%, 100%); and Wolbachia (43.4%, 38.5%, 38.6%, 70.8%), respectively in Bama, Bana, Nasso and Peni. Noteworthy, no G. tachnoides was infected by S. glossinidius and Wolbachia, but they were all infected by Spiroplasma sp. A total of 196 (98.0%) harbored at least one endosymbionts. Fifty-five (27.5%) carried single endosymbiont. Trypanosomes were found only in G. p. gambiensis, but not G. tachinoides. Trypanosomes were present in flies from all study locations with an overall prevalence of 29.5%. In Bama, Bana, Nasso, and Peni, the trypanosome infection rate was respectively 39.6%, 23.1%, 8.8%, and 37.5%. Remarkably, only Trypanosoma grayi was present. Of all trypanosome-infected flies, 55.9%, 98.3%, and 33.9% hosted S. glossinidius, Spiroplasma sp and Wolbachia, respectively. There was no association between Sodalis, Spiroplasma and trypanosome presence, but there was a negative association with Wolbachia presence. We reported 1.9 times likelihood of trypanosome absence when Wolbachia was present.<br><br>CONCLUSION: This is the first survey reporting the presence of Trypanosoma grayi in tsetse from Burkina Faso. Tsetse from these localities were highly positive for symbiotic bacteria, more predominantly with Spiroplasma sp. Modifications of symbiotic interactions may pave way for disease control.},
}
@article {pmid39340882,
year = {2024},
author = {Liu, ZX and Lyu, YM and Liu, Y and Wang, YQ and Xiong, MM and Tang, Y and Li, XY and Sun, H and Xu, JL},
title = {Differential spatial responses and assembly mechanisms of soil microbial communities across region-scale Taiga ecosystems.},
journal = {Journal of environmental management},
volume = {370},
number = {},
pages = {122653},
doi = {10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.122653},
pmid = {39340882},
issn = {1095-8630},
abstract = {Different soil microbial communities play distinct key roles in regulating forest ecosystem processes and functions. However, the differences in spatial variability and assembly mechanisms of various taiga forest soil microbial taxa remain poorly understood. Here, we assessed the spatial patterns of bacterial and fungal communities, their assembly processes, and the influencing factors in taiga forest ecosystems in Xinjiang, China. A significant distance decay pattern was observed in the similarity of bacterial and fungal communities, with bacterial communities exhibiting a more pronounced pattern than fungal communities. Stochastic and deterministic processes governed together to drive soil bacterial community assembly, whereas stochastic processes dominated fungal community assembly. The coexistence networks revealed that the interactions of bacterial and fungal networks in the four regions are primarily based on interspecies symbiosis, with fungal coexistence networks demonstrating greater stability than bacterial networks. Additionally, the study identified a positive relationship between the modularity of bacterial networks and dispersal limitation. Analysis of environmental factors revealed that soil pH primarily affects the characteristics and assembly mechanisms of bacterial communities, while vegetation conditions primarily affect fungal diversity and composition, with other unconsidered environmental variables influencing the fungal community assembly process. This study emphasized the distinct ways in which bacteria and fungi respond to environmental factors and interspecies interactions. Our results suggested that distinct restoration measures should be implemented for bacteria and fungi in future conservation efforts for forest soil microorganisms.},
}
@article {pmid39339675,
year = {2024},
author = {Anderson, MH and Ait-Aissa, K and Sahyoun, AM and Abidi, AH and Kassan, M},
title = {Akkermansia muciniphila as a Potential Guardian against Oral Health Diseases: A Narrative Review.},
journal = {Nutrients},
volume = {16},
number = {18},
pages = {},
pmid = {39339675},
issn = {2072-6643},
mesh = {Humans ; *Akkermansia ; *Oral Health ; *Periodontal Diseases/microbiology/prevention &amp; control ; Mouth/microbiology ; Inflammation/microbiology ; Porphyromonas gingivalis/pathogenicity ; Probiotics ; Verrucomicrobia ; Microbiota ; Animals ; },
abstract = {The oral microbiome is a diverse ecosystem containing a community of symbiotic, commensal, and pathogenic microorganisms. One key microorganism linked to periodontal disease (PD) is Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis), a Gram-negative anaerobic bacterium known to have several virulence factors that trigger inflammation and immune evasion. On the other hand, Akkermansia muciniphila (A. muciniphila), a symbiotic bacterium, has been recently shown to play an important role in mitigating inflammation and reducing periodontal damage. In vivo and in vitro studies have shown that A. muciniphila decreases inflammatory mediators and improves immune responses, suggesting its role in mitigating PD and related inflammatory systemic conditions such as diabetes, hypertension, and obesity. This review discusses the anti-inflammatory effects of A. muciniphila, its impact on periodontal health, and its potential role in managing systemic diseases. The overall aim is to elucidate how this bacterium might help reduce inflammation, improve oral health, and influence broader health outcomes.},
}
@article {pmid39339347,
year = {2024},
author = {Baczewska, I and Hawrylak-Nowak, B and Zagórska-Dziok, M and Ziemlewska, A and Nizioł-Łukaszewska, Z and Borowski, G and Dresler, S},
title = {Towards the Use of Lichens as a Source of Bioactive Substances for Topical Applications.},
journal = {Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {29},
number = {18},
pages = {},
pmid = {39339347},
issn = {1420-3049},
support = {2021/43/O/NZ7/00118//National Science Centre/ ; },
mesh = {*Lichens/chemistry ; Humans ; *Cell Survival/drug effects ; Keratinocytes/drug effects/metabolism ; Fibroblasts/drug effects/metabolism ; Plant Extracts/chemistry/pharmacology ; Cell Line ; Administration, Topical ; HaCaT Cells ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Parmeliaceae/chemistry ; },
abstract = {The increasing incidence of dermatological diseases prompts the search for new natural methods of treatments, and lichens, with their special symbiotic structure, are a little-known and promising source of biologically active substances. Seven lichen species, Cladonia unicialis (L.) Weber ex F.H. Wigg. (Cladoniaceae), Evernia prunastri (L.) Ach. (Parmeliaceae), Hypogymnia physodes (L.) Nyl. (Parmaliaceae), Parmelia sulcata (Taylor) (Parmeliaceae), Physcia adscendens (Fr.) H. Olivier (Physciaceae), Pseudoevernia furfuracea (L.) Zopf (Parmeliaceae), and Xanthoria parietina (L.) Th. Fr. (Teloschistaceae), were used in our experiment. We identified different metabolites in the acetone extracts of all the lichen species. Based on the high-performance liquid chromatography analysis, the content of lichen substances in the extracts was evaluated. The impact of the individual lichen-specific reference substances, compared to the lichen extracts, on the viability of keratinocytes (HaCaT cell line) and fibroblasts (BJ cell line) and on the activity of selected skin-related enzymes was investigated. Our results revealed that only emodin anthrone at a concentration of 200 mg/L was cytotoxic to keratinocytes and fibroblasts in both cell viability assays. In turn, the C. uncialis extract was only cytotoxic to keratinocytes when used at the same concentration. The other tested treatments showed a positive effect on cell viability and no cytotoxicity or indeterminate cytotoxicity (shown in only one of the tests). Elastase and collagenase activities were inhibited by most of the lichen extracts. In turn, the individual lichen compounds (with the exception of evernic acid) generally had an undesirable stimulatory effect on hyaluronidase and collagenase activity. In addition, almost all the tested compounds and extracts showed anti-inflammatory activity. This suggests that some lichen compounds hold promise as potential ingredients in dermatological and skincare products, but their safety and efficacy require further study. The high cytotoxicity of emodin anthrone highlights its potential use in the treatment of hyperproliferative skin diseases such as psoriasis.},
}
@article {pmid39339011,
year = {2024},
author = {Knop-Chodyła, K and Kochanowska-Mazurek, A and Piasecka, Z and Głaz, A and Wesołek-Bielaska, EW and Syty, K and Forma, A and Baj, J},
title = {Oral Microbiota and the Risk of Gastrointestinal Cancers-A Narrative Literature Review.},
journal = {Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {13},
number = {9},
pages = {},
pmid = {39339011},
issn = {2076-0817},
abstract = {The human body is colonized by trillions of microorganisms in a symbiotic relationship. The oral cavity represents one of the most abundant microbial habitats in our body. Advances in sequencing techniques provide a more detailed understanding of the oral microbiota and how imbalances between bacteria, the phenomenon of dysbiosis, can affect not only the development of dental caries or inflammation within the oral cavity but also systemic diseases and cancers in distant locations. This narrative review evaluates the relationship between oral microbiota and its impact on gastrointestinal cancers. Using the keywords "oral microbiota 'AND' gastrointestinal cancers", the PubMed Web of Science and Scopus databases were searched for articles published between 2014 and 2024. Based on the review, the relationship between oral microbiota and oral, esophageal, gastric, colorectal, hepatocellular, and pancreatic cancers was described. Potential oncogenic mechanisms exploited by the microbiota such as the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, induction of abnormal immune responses, and disruption of cell metabolic pathways were assessed. Further research and a thorough understanding of the impact of the oral microbiota on the development of cancers of the gastrointestinal tract may play a key role in their prevention, diagnosis, and treatment in the future.},
}
@article {pmid39338558,
year = {2024},
author = {Hou, XR and Fu, SY and Wang, Y and Zhou, JY and Qi, TY and Li, YF and Bu, WJ and Xue, HJ},
title = {Large-Scale Sampling Reveals the Strain-Level Diversity of Burkholderia Symbionts in Riptortus pedestris and R. linearis (Hemiptera: Alydidae).},
journal = {Microorganisms},
volume = {12},
number = {9},
pages = {},
pmid = {39338558},
issn = {2076-2607},
support = {32130014//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; },
abstract = {Burkholderia (sensu lato) is a diverse group of β-Proteobacteria that exists worldwide in various environments. The SBE clade of this group was thought to be mutualistic with stinkbugs. Riptortus-Burkholderia was suggested as an ideal model system for studying insect-microbe symbiosis. To explore the strain-level diversity of Burkholderia at the individual and population levels of Riptortus stinkbugs (Hemiptera: Alydidae), and to uncover the factors affecting the Burkholderia community, large-scale sampling of two Riptortus species and deep sequencing data (16S amplicon) were used in the present study. Our results showed that: (1) the proportions of facultative symbiotic bacteria Burkholderia were very high, with an average proportion of 87.1% in the samples; (2) only six out of 1373 Burkholderia amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) did not belong to the SBE clade, accounting for only 0.03% of Burkholderia; (3) a relatively small number of Burkholderia ASVs had a large number of sequences, with 22, 54, and 107 ASVs accounting for more than 1.0%, 0.1%, and 0.01% of the total Burkholderia sequences, respectively; (4) multiple Burkholderia ASVs were present in most Riptortus individuals, but there was one dominant or two codominant ASVs, and codominance was more likely to occur when the genetic distance between the two codominant ASVs was small; and (5) the beta diversity of Burkholderia was significantly different between the two host species (PerMANOVA: both Jaccard and Bray-Curtis, p < 0.001) and among localities (PerMANOVA: both Jaccard and Bray-Curtis, p < 0.001). Two-way PerMANOVA also indicated that both the host (Bray-Curtis, p = 0.020; Jaccard, p = 0.001) and geographical location (Bray-Curtis, p = 0.041; Jaccard, p = 0.045) influence Burkholderia communities; furthermore, Mantel tests showed that the Burkholderia communities were significantly correlated with the geographical distance of sample locations (R = 0.056, p = 0.001). Together, our findings demonstrate the fine-scale diversity of Burkholderia symbionts and suggest a region- and host-dependent pattern of Burkholderia in Riptortus stinkbugs.},
}
@article {pmid39338523,
year = {2024},
author = {Pärnänen, P and Niikko, S and Lähteenmäki, H and Räisänen, IT and Tervahartiala, T and Sorsa, T and Ranki, A},
title = {Lingonberry (Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.) Fruit Phenolic Bioactivities-A Review of In Vitro and In Vivo Human Studies.},
journal = {Microorganisms},
volume = {12},
number = {9},
pages = {},
pmid = {39338523},
issn = {2076-2607},
support = {TYH2022225//Helsinki Research Foundation/ ; },
abstract = {This review is focused on the effects of lingonberry (Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.) fruit phenolic compounds in human in vitro cells and in vivo clinical studies. Studies with lingonberries, lingonberry juice/lingonberry nectar/fermented lingonberry juice, and phenolic fractions with active molecules are reviewed. Lingonberry's bioactive substances have a diverse range of antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antiproteolytic, anticancer, and antioxidant properties. Fermentation of lingonberries and modulation of the dysbiotic microbiome to a more symbiotic composition by favoring the growth of lactobacilli and inhibiting the growth of human opportunistic pathogens are discussed. Research results suggest that more studies on humans are needed.},
}
@article {pmid39338493,
year = {2024},
author = {Satoh, K and Takeda, K and Nagafune, I and Chik, WDW and Ohkama-Otsu, N and Okazaki, S and Yokoyama, T and Hase, Y},
title = {Isolation and Characterization of High-Temperature-Tolerant Mutants of Bradyrhizobium diazoefficiens USDA110 by Carbon-Ion Beam Irradiation.},
journal = {Microorganisms},
volume = {12},
number = {9},
pages = {},
pmid = {39338493},
issn = {2076-2607},
support = {NA//Nuclear Researchers Exchange Program FY 2023 of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan/ ; },
abstract = {Biofertilizers are promising technologies for achieving sustainable agriculture. However, high-temperature tolerance is a constraint that limits the function of microbial inoculants. To characterize the genetic changes responsible for the high-temperature tolerance of rhizobia, mutant screening was performed using Bradyrhizobium diazoefficiens USDA110. The wild-type cells were mutagenized with carbon-ion irradiation, and two mutant strains, designated M10 and M14, were obtained after a three-day heat-shock treatment at 43 °C. In particular, M14 showed superior growth at 36 °C, at which temperature growth of the wild type was extremely slow, whereas M14 grew more slowly than the wild type at 32 °C. Whole-genome sequencing revealed that M10 had seven point mutations, whereas M14 had eight point mutations together with a 1.27 Mb inversion. RNA sequencing showed that the number of differentially expressed genes greatly exceeded the actual number of induced mutations. In M14, a gene cluster associated with pyruvate metabolism was markedly downregulated, probably because of disjunction with the promoter region after inversion, and was considered to be the cause of the slow growth rate of M14 at 32 °C. Notably, transmembrane proteins, including porins, were enriched among the genes upregulated in both M10 and M14. M14 was confirmed to retain symbiotic functions with soybeans. These results indicate that high-temperature tolerance was conferred by random mutagenesis while the symbiotic functions of rhizobia was maintained.},
}
@article {pmid39336695,
year = {2024},
author = {Li, J and Tian, X and Hsiang, T and Yang, Y and Shi, C and Wang, H and Li, W},
title = {Microbial Community Structure and Metabolic Function in the Venom Glands of the Predatory Stink Bug, Picromerus lewisi (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae).},
journal = {Insects},
volume = {15},
number = {9},
pages = {},
pmid = {39336695},
issn = {2075-4450},
support = {(ZK [2023] 023)//Key Project of Guizhou Provincial Science and Technology Foundation/ ; (ZK-2021-Key036, Qiankehe Talent Platform - CXTD [2023]021)//Guizhou Science Technology Foundation/ ; (GCC[2022]028-1)//Hundred' Level Innovative Talent Foundation of Guizhou Province/ ; },
abstract = {The predatory stink bug, Picromerus lewisi (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), is an important and valuable natural enemy of insect pests in their ecosystems. While insects are known to harbor symbiotic microorganisms, and these microbial symbionts play a crucial role in various aspects of the host's biology, there is a paucity of knowledge regarding the microbiota present in the venom glands of P. lewisi. This study investigated the venom glands of adult bugs using both traditional in vitro isolation and cultural methods, as well as Illumina high-throughput sequencing technology. Additionally, the carbon metabolism of the venom gland's microorganisms was analyzed using Biolog ECO metabolic phenotyping technology. The results showed 10 different culturable bacteria where the dominant ones were Enterococcus spp. and Lactococcus lactis. With high-throughput sequencing, the main bacterial phyla in the microbial community of the venom glands of P. lewisi were Proteobacteria (78.1%) and Firmicutes (20.3%), with the dominant bacterial genera being Wolbachia, Enterococcus, Serratia, and Lactococcus. At the fungal community level, Ascomycota accounted for the largest proportion (64.1%), followed by Basidiomycota (27.6%), with Vishniacozyma, Cladosporium, Papiliotrema, Penicillium, Fusarium, and Aspergillus as the most highly represented fungal genera. The bacterial and fungal community structure of the venom glands of P. lewisi exhibited high species richness and diversity, along with a strong metabolism of 22 carbon sources. Functional prediction indicated that the primary dominant function of P. lewisi venom-gland bacteria was metabolism. The dominant eco-functional groups of the fungal community included undefined saprotroph, fungal parasite-undefined saprotroph, unassigned, endophyte-plant pathogen, plant pathogen-soil saprotroph-wood saprotroph, animal pathogen-endophyte-plant pathogen-wood saprotroph, plant pathogen, and animal pathogen-endophyte-epiphyte-plant pathogen-undefined saprotroph. These results provide a comprehensive characterization of the venom-gland microbiota of P. lewisi and demonstrate the stability (over one week) of the microbial community within the venom glands. This study represents the first report on the characterization of microbial composition from the venom glands of captive-reared P. lewisi individuals. The insights gained from this study are invaluable for future investigations into P. lewisi's development and the possible interactions between P. lewisi's microbiota and some Lepidopteran pests.},
}
@article {pmid39336674,
year = {2024},
author = {Rodríguez-Becerra, SH and Vázquez-Rivera, R and Ventura-Hernández, KI and Pawar, TJ and Olivares-Romero, JL},
title = {The Biology, Impact, and Management of Xyleborus Beetles: A Comprehensive Review.},
journal = {Insects},
volume = {15},
number = {9},
pages = {},
pmid = {39336674},
issn = {2075-4450},
support = {NA//COVEICYDET (M&#xe9;xico)/ ; },
abstract = {Xyleborus beetles, a diverse group of ambrosia beetles, present challenges to forestry and agriculture due to their damaging burrowing behavior and symbiotic relationships with fungi. This review synthesizes current knowledge on the biology, ecology, and management of Xyleborus. We explore the beetles' life cycle, reproductive strategies, habitat preferences, and feeding habits, emphasizing their ecological and economic impacts. Control and management strategies, including preventive measures, chemical and biological control, and integrated pest management (IPM), are critically evaluated. Recent advances in molecular genetics and behavioral studies offer insights into genetic diversity, population structure, and host selection mechanisms. Despite progress, managing Xyleborus effectively remains challenging. This review identifies future research needs and highlights innovative control methods, such as biopesticides and pheromone-based trapping systems.},
}
@article {pmid39336092,
year = {2024},
author = {Kim, H and Choe, J and Ko, M},
title = {Reproductive Strategies and Embryonic Development of Autumn-Spawning Bitterling (Acheilognathus rhombeus) within the Mussel Host.},
journal = {Biology},
volume = {13},
number = {9},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/biology13090664},
pmid = {39336092},
issn = {2079-7737},
support = {R2024050//National Institute of Fisheries Science, Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries/ ; },
abstract = {We investigated the reproductive strategies and embryonic development of Acheilognathus rhombeus (a bitterling species that spawns in autumn) within its freshwater mussel host in the Bongseo Stream, South Korea. By focusing on survival mechanisms during critical stages of embryonic development, the selective use of mussel gill demibranchs by the bitterlings and associated adaptive traits were observed over 1 year. A significant diapause phase occurs at developmental stage D, which lasts for approximately 7 months, allowing embryos to survive winter. Development resumes when the temperature exceeds 10 °C. Minute tubercles on the embryos (crucial for anchoring within the host gill demibranchs and preventing premature ejection) exhibit the largest height during diapause, and the height decreases when developmental stage E is reached, when growth resumes. Acheilognathus rhombeus embryos were observed in 30.5% of the mussels, mostly within the inner gills, thereby maximizing spatial use and oxygen access to enhance survival. These results highlight the intricate relationship between A. rhombeus and its mussel hosts, demonstrating the evolutionary adaptations that enhance reproductive success and survival. This study provides valuable insights into the ecological dynamics and conservation requirements of such symbiotic relationships.},
}
@article {pmid39248595,
year = {2024},
author = {Cordeiro, MWS and Cappellozza, BI and de Melo, NN and Bernardes, TF},
title = {Effects of a Bacillus-based direct-fed microbial on performance, blood parameters, fecal characteristics, rumen morphometrics, and intestinal gene expression in finishing beef bulls.},
journal = {Journal of animal science},
volume = {102},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/jas/skae259},
pmid = {39248595},
issn = {1525-3163},
mesh = {Animals ; Cattle ; Male ; *Rumen/microbiology ; *Animal Feed/analysis ; *Probiotics/pharmacology/administration &amp; dosage ; *Diet/veterinary ; *Feces/microbiology/chemistry ; Bacillus licheniformis ; Bacillus subtilis ; Intestines/anatomy &amp; histology/drug effects ; Gene Expression ; Random Allocation ; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena ; },
abstract = {We evaluated the effects of supplementing direct-fed microbials (DFM), containing Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus subtilis, on performance, rumen morphometrics, intestinal gene expression, and blood and fecal parameters in finishing bulls. Nellore × Angus bulls (n = 144; initial BW = 401 ± 45.5 kg) were distributed at random in 36 pens (4 bulls/pen and 18 pens/treatment), following a completely randomized design. A ground corn-based finishing diet was offered for ad libitum intake twice a day for 84 d, containing the following treatments: 1) control (without DFM); 2) DFM (B. licheniformis and B. subtilis) at 6.4 × 109 CFU (2 g) per animal. The data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS, with a pen representing an experimental unit, the fixed effect of the treatment, and the random effect of pen nested within the treatment. For fecal parameters (two collections made), the collection effect and its interaction with the treatment were included in the model. Bulls that received the DFM had a decreased dry matter intake (P ≤ 0.01), did not differ in average daily gain (2.05 kg; P = 0.39), and had a 6% improvement in gain:feed (P = 0.05). The other performance variables, final BW, hot carcass weight, and hot carcass yield, did not differ (P > 0.10). Plasma urea-N concentration decreased by 6.2% (P = 0.02) in the bulls that received DFM. Glucose, haptoglobin, and lipopolysaccharides were not different between treatments (P > 0.10). Ruminal morphometrics were not affected by the treatment (P > 0.10). The use of DFM tended to reduce fecal starch (P = 0.10). At slaughter, bulls fed DFM had an increased duodenal gene expression of tryptophan hydroxylase-1 (P = 0.02) and of superoxide dismutase-1 (P = 0.03). Overall, supplementation with DFM based on B. licheniformis and B. subtilis to Nellore × Angus bulls in the finishing phase decreased dry matter intake, did not influence ADG, improved gain:feed, and increased the expression of genes important for duodenal function.},
}
@article {pmid39335279,
year = {2024},
author = {Cheng, Z and Huang, H and Qiao, G and Wang, Y and Wang, X and Yue, Y and Gao, Q and Peng, S},
title = {Metagenomic and Metabolomic Analyses Reveal the Role of Gut Microbiome-Associated Metabolites in the Muscle Elasticity of the Large Yellow Croaker (Larimichthys crocea).},
journal = {Animals : an open access journal from MDPI},
volume = {14},
number = {18},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/ani14182690},
pmid = {39335279},
issn = {2076-2615},
support = {2021Z01//the Central Nonprofit Basic Scientific Research Project for the Scientific Research Institutes of China/ ; 2022YFD2401004//This work was supported by a grant from the National&#xa0;Key&#xa0;Research and&#xa0;Development&#xa0;Program&#xa0;of China/ ; },
abstract = {The large yellow croaker (LYC, Larimichthys crocea) is highly regarded for its delicious taste and unique flavor. The gut microbiota has the ability to affect the host muscle performance and elasticity by regulating nutrient metabolism. The purpose of this study is to establish the relationship between muscle quality and intestinal flora in order to provide reference for the improvement of the muscle elasticity of LYC. In this study, the intestinal contents of high muscle elasticity males (IEHM), females (IEHF), and low muscle elasticity males (IELM) and females (IELF) were collected and subjected to metagenomic and metabolomic analyses. Metagenomic sequencing results showed that the intestinal flora structures of LYCs with different muscle elasticities were significantly different. The abundance of Streptophyta in the IELM (24.63%) and IELF (29.68%) groups was significantly higher than that in the IEHM and IEHF groups. The abundance of Vibrio scophthalmi (66.66%) in the IEHF group was the highest. Based on metabolomic analysis by liquid chromatograph-mass spectrometry, 107 differentially abundant metabolites were identified between the IEHM and IELM groups, and 100 differentially abundant metabolites were identified between the IEHF and IELF groups. Based on these metabolites, a large number of enriched metabolic pathways related to muscle elasticity were identified. Significant differences in the intestinal metabolism between groups with different muscle elasticities were identified. Moreover, the model of the relationship between the intestinal flora and metabolites was constructed, and the molecular mechanism of intestinal flora regulation of the nutrient metabolism was further revealed. The results help to understand the molecular mechanism of different muscle elasticities of LYC and provide an important reference for the study of the mechanism of the effects of LYC intestinal symbiotic bacteria on muscle development, and the development and application of probiotics in LYC.},
}
@article {pmid39334342,
year = {2024},
author = {You, J and Zhang, Q and Qian, L and Shi, Z and Wang, X and Jia, L and Xia, Y},
title = {Antibacterial periodontal ligament stem cells enhance periodontal regeneration and regulate the oral microbiome.},
journal = {Stem cell research &amp; therapy},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {334},
pmid = {39334342},
issn = {1757-6512},
support = {82370930//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; BK20211249//Natural Science Research of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China/ ; YJXYYJSDW4//Science and Technology Support Program of Jiangsu Province/ ; CXZX202227//Jiangsu Provincial Medical Innovation Center/ ; },
mesh = {*Periodontal Ligament/cytology ; Humans ; *Stem Cells/metabolism/cytology ; Animals ; *Microbiota ; Rats ; *Regeneration ; Male ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Stem Cell Transplantation/methods ; Mouth/microbiology ; Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides/pharmacology/metabolism ; Cathelicidins ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The transplantation of periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) has been shown to enhance periodontal regeneration in animal models and clinical trials. However, it is not known whether PDLSCs are antibacterial and whether this affects oral microbiota and periodontal regeneration.<br><br>METHODS: We isolated human PDLSCs from periodontal ligament of extracted teeth. Rats' periodontal fenestration defects were prepared, and treated with PDLSC injections (Cell group), using saline injections (Saline group) as the control. The oral microbiota was explored by 16&#xa0;S rDNA sequencing and compared with that before surgery (PRE group). The antibacterial property of PDLSCs and its underlying mechanism were tested in vitro.<br><br>RESULTS: Microbiome analyses reveal a decreased biodiversity, a changed community structure, and downregulated community functions of the oral microbiome in the Saline group. PDLSCs injections enhance periodontal regeneration, reverse the decrease in diversity, and increase the abundance of non-pathogenic bacterial Bifidobacterium sp. and Lactobacillus sp., making the oral microbiome similar to that of the PRE group. In vitro, PDLSCs inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Fusobacterium nucleatum. The main mechanism of action is postulated to involve production of the cationic antimicrobial peptide LL-37.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Our findings reveal that PDLSC injections enhance periodontal regeneration and regulate the oral microbiome to foster an oral cavity microenvironment conducive to symbiotic microbiota associated with health.},
}
@article {pmid39333238,
year = {2024},
author = {Zhang, Y and Mao, K and Chen, K and Zhao, Z and Ju, F},
title = {Symbiont community assembly shaped by insecticide exposure and feedback on insecticide resistance of Spodoptera frugiperda.},
journal = {Communications biology},
volume = {7},
number = {1},
pages = {1194},
pmid = {39333238},
issn = {2399-3642},
mesh = {Animals ; *Spodoptera/microbiology/drug effects/genetics ; *Insecticide Resistance/genetics ; *Insecticides/pharmacology ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome/drug effects ; *Symbiosis ; },
abstract = {Exploring the mechanism of microbiota assembly and its ecological consequences is crucial for connecting microbiome variation to ecosystem function. However, the influencing factors underlying microbiota assembly in the host-microbe system and their impact on the host phenotype remain unclear. Through investigating the prevalent and worsening ecological phenomenon of insecticide resistance in global agriculture, we found that insecticide exposure significantly changed the gut microbiota assembly patterns of a major agricultural invasive insect pest, Spodoptera frugiperda. The relative importance of various microbiota assembly processes significantly varied with habitat heterogeneity and heterogeneous selection serving as a potential predictor of the host's insecticide resistance in field populations. Moreover, disturbance of the gut microbiota assembly through antibiotics was revealed to significantly affect the rate and heritability of insecticide resistance evolution, leading to a delay in insecticide resistance evolution in this insect pest. These findings indicate that the gut microbiota assembly process of the insect host is influenced by persistent exposure to habitat conditions, particularly insecticides. This variation in insecticide exposure-related community assembly process subsequently influences the insect host's insecticide resistance phenotype. This study provides insights into gut microbiota assembly processes from a symbiotic perspective and underscores the significant impact of symbiotic community changes on host phenotypic variation.},
}
@article {pmid39333204,
year = {2024},
author = {Martin Říhová, J and Gupta, S and Nováková, E and Hypša, V},
title = {Fur microbiome as a putative source of symbiotic bacteria in sucking lice.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {14},
number = {1},
pages = {22326},
pmid = {39333204},
issn = {2045-2322},
support = {GA20-07674S//Grantov&#xe1; Agentura &#x10c;esk&#xe9; Republiky/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Symbiosis ; *Microbiota ; Phylogeny ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics ; Phthiraptera/microbiology ; Bacteria/genetics/classification/isolation &amp; purification ; },
abstract = {Symbiosis between insects and bacteria has been established countless times. While it is well known that the symbionts originated from a variety of different bacterial taxa, it is usually difficult to determine their environmental source and a route of their acquisition by the host. In this study, we address this question using a model of Neisseriaceae symbionts in rodent lice. These bacteria established their symbiosis independently with different louse taxa (Polyplax, Hoplopleura, Neohaematopinus), most likely from the same environmental source. We first applied amplicon analysis to screen for candidate source bacterium in the louse environment. Since lice are permanent ectoparasites, often specific to the particular host, we screened various microbiomes associated with three rodent species (Microtus arvalis, Clethrionomys glareolus, and Apodemus flavicollis). The analyzed samples included fur, skin, spleen, and other ectoparasites sampled from these rodents. The fur microbiome data revealed a Neisseriaceae bacterium, closely related to the known louse symbionts. The draft genomes of the environmental Neisseriaceae, assembled from all three rodent hosts, converged to a remarkably small size of approximately 1.4 Mbp, being even smaller than the genomes of the related symbionts. Our results suggest that the rodent fur microbiome can serve as a source for independent establishment of bacterial symbiosis in associated louse species. We further propose a hypothetical scenario of the genome evolution during the transition of a free-living bacterium to the member of the rodent fur-associated microbiome and subsequently to the facultative and obligate louse symbionts.},
}
@article {pmid39332621,
year = {2024},
author = {Zhang, H and Zhu, Y and Wang, Y and Jiang, L and Shi, X and Cheng, G},
title = {Microbial interactions shaping host attractiveness: insights into dynamic behavioral relationships.},
journal = {Current opinion in insect science},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {101275},
doi = {10.1016/j.cois.2024.101275},
pmid = {39332621},
issn = {2214-5753},
abstract = {Insects discern the presence of hosts (host plants) by integrating chemosensory, gustatory, and visual cues, with olfaction playing a pivotal role in this process. Among these factors, volatile signals produced by host-associated microbial communities significantly affect insect attraction. Microorganisms are widely and abundantly found on the surfaces of humans, plants, and insects. Notably, these microorganisms can metabolize compounds from the host surface and regulate the production of characteristic volatiles, which may guide the use of host microorganisms to modulate insect behavior. Essentially, the attraction of hosts to insects is intricately linked to the presence of their symbiotic microorganisms. This review underscores the critical role of microorganisms in shaping the dynamics of attractiveness between insects and their hosts.},
}
@article {pmid39331838,
year = {2024},
author = {Phillips, LE and Sotelo, KL and Moran, NA},
title = {Characterization of gut symbionts from wild-caught Drosophila and other Diptera: description of Utexia brackfieldae gen. nov., sp. nov., Orbus sturtevantii sp. nov., Orbus wheelerorum sp. nov, and Orbus mooreae sp. nov.},
journal = {International journal of systematic and evolutionary microbiology},
volume = {74},
number = {9},
pages = {},
pmid = {39331838},
issn = {1466-5034},
mesh = {Animals ; *Phylogeny ; *RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics ; *DNA, Bacterial/genetics ; *Fatty Acids/analysis ; *Bacterial Typing Techniques ; *Symbiosis ; *Sequence Analysis, DNA ; *Diptera/microbiology ; *Drosophila/microbiology ; Base Composition ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; },
abstract = {Non-culture based surveys show that the bacterial family Orbaceae is widespread in guts of insects, including wild Drosophila. Relatively few isolates have been described, and none has been described from Drosophila. We present the isolation and characterization of five strains of Orbaceae from wild-caught flies of the genera Drosophila (Diptera: Drosophilidae) and Neogriphoneura (Diptera: Lauxaniidae). Cells are generally rod-shaped, mesophilic, and measure 0.8-2.0 µm long by 0.3-0.5 µm wide. Optimal growth was observed under ambient atmosphere. Reconstruction of phylogenies from the 16S rRNA gene and from single-copy orthologs verify placement of these strains within Orbaceae. Cells exhibited similar fatty acid profiles to those of other Orbaceae. Strain lpD01[T] shared 74% average nucleotide identity (ANI) with its closest relatives Ca. Schmidhempelia bombi Bimp and Zophobihabitans entericus IPMB12[T]. Results from multiple genome-wide similarity comparisons indicate lpD01[T] should be classified as a novel species within a novel genus. The major respiratory quinone for lpD01[T] is ubiquinone Q-8. lpD02[T], lpD03, lpD04[T], and BiB[T] are more closely related to Orbus hercynius CN3[T] (76, 77, 76, and 77% ANI, respectively) than to other described Orbaceae. Genomic and phylogenetic analyses suggest that lpD03 and lpD04[T] belong to the same species and that lpD02[T], lpD03/lpD04[T], and BiB[T] are each novel species of the genus Orbus. The proposed names of these strains are Utexia brackfieldae gen. nov., sp. nov. (type strain lpD01[T] =NCIMB 15517[T] =ATCC TSD-399[T]), Orbus sturtevantii sp. nov (type strain lpD02[T] =NCIMB 15518[T] =ATCC TSD-400[T]), Orbus wheelerorum sp. nov. (type strain lpD04[T] =NCIMB 15520[T] =ATCC TSD-401[T]), and Orbus mooreae sp. nov (type strain BiB[T]=NCIMB 15516[T] =ATCC TSD-402[T]). The isolation and characterization of these strains expands the repertoire of culturable bacteria naturally associated with insects, including the model organism D. melanogaster.},
}
@article {pmid39331430,
year = {2024},
author = {Saini, M and Jain, A and Vanathi, M and Kalia, A and Saini, K and Gupta, P and Gaur, N},
title = {Current perspectives and concerns in corneal neurotization.},
journal = {Indian journal of ophthalmology},
volume = {72},
number = {10},
pages = {1404-1411},
doi = {10.4103/IJO.IJO_195_24},
pmid = {39331430},
issn = {1998-3689},
mesh = {Humans ; *Cornea/innervation/surgery ; *Corneal Diseases/surgery/diagnosis ; *Nerve Transfer/methods ; Nerve Regeneration/physiology ; },
abstract = {This study aimed to comprehensively explore the intricacies of corneal neurotization (CN) and the nuanced factors that set it apart from routine clinical practice, exerting a substantial influence on its success. A symbiotic relationship is evident between corneal innervation and ocular surface health. The loss of corneal innervation results in a potentially challenging corneal condition known as neurotrophic keratopathy (NK). The majority of treatments are primarily focused on preventing epithelial breakdown rather than addressing the underlying pathogenesis. Consequently, to address the impaired corneal sensation (underlying etiology), a novel surgical approach has emerged, namely CN, which involves transferring healthy sensory nerve axons to the affected cornea. This review offers valuable insights into the existing body of supporting evidence for CN, meticulously examining clinical studies, case reports, and experimental findings. The aim is to enhance our understanding of the effectiveness and potential outcomes associated with this innovative surgical technique. The exploration of innovative therapeutic avenues holds promise for revolutionizing the management of NK, offering a potentially permanent solution to a condition once deemed incurable and severely debilitating.},
}
@article {pmid39330381,
year = {2024},
author = {Rosabal, D and Pino-Bodas, R},
title = {A Review of Laboratory Requirements to Culture Lichen Mycobiont Species.},
journal = {Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {10},
number = {9},
pages = {},
pmid = {39330381},
issn = {2309-608X},
abstract = {Lichens are symbiotic associations between fungi (the mycobiont) and algae or cyanobacteria (the photobionts). They synthesize a large number of secondary metabolites, many of which are potential sources of novel molecules with pharmacological and industrial applications. The advancement of in vitro culture methods of lichen-forming fungi would allow the comprehensive application of these compounds at large scales, enable improvements in the synthesis, facilitate understanding of the role of the partners in the synthesis of these compounds and increase our knowledge about the genes associated with secondary metabolites production. The aim of this work is to summarize the nutritional and physicochemical requirements that have been used to date to culture different lichen-forming fungi species. In total, the requirements for the cultivation of 110 species are presented. This review can provide a starting point for future experiments and help advance the methods of culturing lichenized fungi. The type of diaspore selected to isolate the mycobiont, the composition of the isolation and culture media and the corresponding physicochemical parameters are essential in designing an efficient lichen culture system, allowing the achievement of a suitable growth of lichen-forming fungi and the subsequent production of secondary metabolites.},
}
@article {pmid39330366,
year = {2024},
author = {Manathunga, KK and Gunasekara, NW and Meegahakumbura, MK and Ratnaweera, PB and Faraj, TK and Wanasinghe, DN},
title = {Exploring Endophytic Fungi as Natural Antagonists against Fungal Pathogens of Food Crops.},
journal = {Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {10},
number = {9},
pages = {},
pmid = {39330366},
issn = {2309-608X},
abstract = {The yield and quality of cultivated food crops are frequently compromised by the prevalent threat from fungal pathogens that can cause widespread damage in both the pre-harvest and post-harvest stages. This paper investigates the challenges posed by fungal pathogens to the sustainability and yield of essential food crops, leading to significant economic and food security repercussions. The paper critiques the long-standing reliance on synthetic fungicides, emphasizing the environmental and health concerns arising from their widespread and occasionally inappropriate use. In response, the paper explores the potential of biological control agents, specifically endophytic fungi in advancing sustainable agricultural practices. Through their diverse symbiotic relationships with host plants, these fungi exhibit strong antagonistic capabilities against phytopathogenic fungi by producing various bioactive compounds and promoting plant growth. The review elaborates on the direct and indirect mechanisms of endophytic antagonism, such as antibiosis, mycoparasitism, induction of host resistance, and competition for resources, which collectively contribute to inhibiting pathogenic fungal growth. This paper consolidates the crucial role of endophytic fungi, i.e., Acremonium, Alternaria, Arthrinium, Aspergillus, Botryosphaeria, Chaetomium, Cladosporium, Cevidencealdinia, Epicoccum, Fusarium, Gliocladium, Muscodor, Nigrospora, Paecilomyces, Penicillium, Phomopsis, Pichia, Pochonia, Pythium, Ramichloridium, Rosellinia, Talaromyces, Trichoderma, Verticillium, Wickerhamomyces, and Xylaria, in biological control, supported by the evidence drawn from more than 200 research publications. The paper pays particular attention to Muscodor, Penicillium, and Trichoderma as prominent antagonists. It also emphasizes the need for future genetic-level research to enhance the application of endophytes in biocontrol strategies aiming to highlight the importance of endophytic fungi in facilitating the transition towards more sustainable and environmentally friendly agricultural systems.},
}
@article {pmid39330361,
year = {2024},
author = {Huo, W and Cui, L and Yan, P and He, X and Zhang, L and Liu, Y and Dai, L and Qi, P and Hu, S and Qiao, T and Li, J},
title = {Diversity and Composition of Fungicolous Fungi Residing in Macrofungi from the Qinling Mountains.},
journal = {Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {10},
number = {9},
pages = {},
pmid = {39330361},
issn = {2309-608X},
support = {2021YFD1600400//National Key R&amp;D program of China/ ; 2023-ZDLNY-14//Key Research and Development Projects of Shaanxi Province/ ; 2020TD-050//Foundation of Science and Technology in Shaanxi Province/ ; },
abstract = {Sporocarps of macrofungi support other diverse fungal species that are termed fungicolous fungi. However, the external environmental factors that affect the diversity and composition of fungicolous fungal communities remains largely unknown. In this study, the diversities, composition, and trophic modes of fungicolous fungal communities residing in host macrofungi from diverse habitats in the Qinling Mountains were analyzed. Additionally, the number of carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) encoded by saprophytic, pathogenic, and symbiotic fungi was also quantified and compared. The results revealed that the diversity and composition of fungicolous fungal communities varied with months of collection and the habitats of host fungi, and saprophytic fungi were more abundant on wood than on the ground. Meanwhile, it was also found that saprophytic fungi possessed higher abundances of cell-wall-degrading enzymes than pathogenic or symbiotic fungi. Based on the above findings, it was hypothesized that the greater abundance of saprophytic fungi on wood compared to the ground may be due to their possession of a more diverse array of enzymes capable of degrading wood cell walls, thereby allowing for more efficient nutrient acquisition from decaying wood.},
}
@article {pmid39329350,
year = {2024},
author = {Zhang, Z and Liu, Z and Yuan, Y and Zhang, W and Zhang, S},
title = {Manipulation of juvenile hormone signaling by the fire blight pathogen Erwinia amylovora mediates fecundity enhancement of pear psylla.},
journal = {Pest management science},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1002/ps.8443},
pmid = {39329350},
issn = {1526-4998},
support = {32202291//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 2018AB038//Bingtuan science and techology program/ ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: In nature, plant pathogens often rely on insect vectors for transmission. Through long-term evolution, plant pathogens and insect vectors have established a mutually beneficial symbiotic relationship. Fire blight, caused by the Gram-negative bacterium Erwinia amylovora (Eam), poses a significant global threat to apple and pear production due to its rapid dissemination among host plants of the Rosaceae family. Despite evidence of E. amylovora transmission by various insects, the association between this pathogen and the pear psylla Cacopsylla chinensis, a common vector insect in pear orchards, remains unclear.<br><br>RESULTS: Sampling investigations and qRT-PCR results revealed that C. chinensis, from 11 pear orchards severely affected by fire blight disease in Xinjiang of China, harbored varying levels of this pathogen. Eam-positive females exhibited significantly higher fecundity compared to Eam-negative individuals, displaying accelerated ovarian development and a notable increase in egg production. Further RNAi results revealed that juvenile hormone (JH) receptor methoprene-tolerant (CcMet) and a crucial downstream gene Kr&#xfc;ppel-homologue 1 (CcKr-h1) mediated the fecundity improvement of C. chinensis induced by Eam. Additionally, miR-2b, which targets CcKr-h1, was identified as being involved in Eam-induced fecundity enhancement in C. chinensis.<br><br>CONCLUSION: This study unveils, for the first time, that Eam colonize and amplify the fecundity of C. chinensis females. Host miR-2b targets CcKr-h1 of the JH signaling pathway to regulate the heightened fecundity of C. chinensis induced by Eam. These findings not only broaden our understanding of the interaction between plant pathogens and insect vectors, but also provide novel strategies for managing fire blight and pear psylla. &#xa9; 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.},
}
@article {pmid39329134,
year = {2024},
author = {Andriienko, V and Buczek, M and Meier, R and Srivathsan, A and Łukasik, P and Kolasa, MR},
title = {Implementing high-throughput insect barcoding in microbiome studies: impact of non-destructive DNA extraction on microbiome reconstruction.},
journal = {PeerJ},
volume = {12},
number = {},
pages = {e18025},
pmid = {39329134},
issn = {2167-8359},
mesh = {Animals ; *DNA Barcoding, Taxonomic/methods ; *Microbiota/genetics ; *Insecta/microbiology/genetics ; *RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics ; DNA, Bacterial/genetics ; Bacteria/genetics/isolation &amp; purification/classification ; Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods ; Biodiversity ; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing/methods ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Symbiotic relationships with diverse microorganisms are crucial for many aspects of insect biology. However, while our understanding of insect taxonomic diversity and the distribution of insect species in natural communities is limited, we know much less about their microbiota. In the era of rapid biodiversity declines, as researchers increasingly turn towards DNA-based monitoring, developing and broadly implementing approaches for high-throughput and cost-effective characterization of both insect and insect-associated microbial diversity is essential. We need to verify whether approaches such as high-throughput barcoding, a powerful tool for identifying wild insects, would permit subsequent microbiota reconstruction in these specimens.<br><br>METHODS: High-throughput barcoding ("megabarcoding") methods often rely on non-destructive approaches for obtaining template DNA for PCR amplification by leaching DNA out of insect specimens using alkaline buffers such as HotSHOT. This study investigated the impact of HotSHOT on microbial abundance estimates and the reconstructed bacterial community profiles. We addressed this question by comparing quantitative 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing data for HotSHOT-treated or untreated specimens of 16 insect species representing six orders and selected based on the expectation of limited variation among individuals.<br><br>RESULTS: We find that in 13 species, the treatment significantly reduced microbial abundance estimates, corresponding to an estimated 15-fold decrease in amplifiable 16S rRNA template on average. On the other hand, HotSHOT pre-treatment had a limited effect on microbial community composition. The reconstructed presence of abundant bacteria with known significant effects was not affected. On the other hand, we observed changes in the presence of low-abundance microbes, those close to the reliable detection threshold. Alpha and beta diversity analyses showed compositional differences in only a few species.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that HotSHOT pre-treated specimens remain suitable for microbial community composition reconstruction, even if abundance may be hard to estimate. These results indicate that we can cost-effectively combine barcoding with the study of microbiota across wild insect communities. Thus, the voucher specimens obtained using megabarcoding studies targeted at characterizing insect communities can be used for microbiome characterizations. This can substantially aid in speeding up the accumulation of knowledge on the microbiomes of abundant and hyperdiverse insect species.},
}
@article {pmid39327805,
year = {2024},
author = {Zhang, J and Wang, Z and Lin, X and Gao, X and Wang, Q and Huang, R and Ruan, Y and Xu, H and Tian, L and Ling, C and Shi, R and Xu, S and Chen, K and Wu, Y},
title = {Mn-Ce Symbiosis: Nanozymes with Multiple Active Sites Facilitate Scavenging of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Based on Electron Transfer and Confinement Anchoring.},
journal = {Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e202416686},
doi = {10.1002/anie.202416686},
pmid = {39327805},
issn = {1521-3773},
abstract = {Regulating appropriate valence states of metal active centers, such as Ce3+/Ce4+ and Mn3+/Mn2+, as well as surface vacancy defects, is crucial for enhancing the catalytic activity of cerium-based and manganese-based nanozymes. Drawing inspiration from the efficient substance exchange in rhizobia-colonized root cells of legumes, we developed a symbiosis nanozyme system with rhizobia-like nano CeOx clusters robustly anchored onto root-like Mn3O4 nanosupports (CeOx/Mn3O4). The process of "substance exchange" between Ce and Mn atoms-reminiscent of electron transfer-not only fine-tunes the metal active sites to achieve optimal Ce3+/Ce4+ and Mn3+/Mn2+ ratios but also enhances the vacancy ratio through interface defect engineering. Additionally, the confinement anchoring of CeOx on Mn3O4 ensures efficient electron transfer in catalytic reactions. The final CeOx/Mn3O4 nanozyme demonstrates potent catalase-like (CAT- like) and superoxide dismutase-like (SOD-like) activities, excelling in both chemical settings and cellular environments with high reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. This research not only unveils a novel material adept at effectively eliminating ROS but also presents an innovative approach for amplifying nanozyme efficacy.},
}
@article {pmid39327210,
year = {2024},
author = {García-Lozano, M and Salem, H},
title = {Microbial bases of herbivory in beetles.},
journal = {Trends in microbiology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.tim.2024.08.004},
pmid = {39327210},
issn = {1878-4380},
abstract = {The ecological radiation of herbivorous beetles is among the most successful in the animal kingdom. It coincided with the rise and diversification of flowering plants, requiring beetles to adapt to a nutritionally imbalanced diet enriched in complex polysaccharides and toxic secondary metabolites. In this review, we explore how beetles overcame these challenges by coopting microbial genes, enzymes, and metabolites, through both horizontal gene transfer (HGT) and symbiosis. Recent efforts revealed the functional convergence governing both processes and the unique ways in which microbes continue to shape beetle digestion, development, and defense. The development of genetic and experimental tools across a diverse set of study systems has provided valuable mechanistic insights into how microbes spurred metabolic innovation and facilitated an herbivorous transition in beetles.},
}
@article {pmid39326826,
year = {2024},
author = {Liu, S and Kong, Z and Guo, H and Zhang, Y and Han, X and Gao, Y and Daigger, GT and Zhang, G and Li, R and Liu, Y and Zhang, P and Song, G},
title = {Performance, mechanism regulation and resource recycling of bacteria-algae symbiosis system for wastewater treatment: A review.},
journal = {Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)},
volume = {362},
number = {},
pages = {125019},
doi = {10.1016/j.envpol.2024.125019},
pmid = {39326826},
issn = {1873-6424},
abstract = {The bacteria-algae synergistic wastewater treatment process not only efficiently eliminates nutrients and absorbs heavy metals, but also utilizes photosynthesis to convert light energy into chemical energy, generating valuable bioresource. The study systematically explores the formation, algal species, and regulatory strategies of the bacterial-algal symbiosis system. It provides a detailed analysis of various interaction mechanisms, with a particular focus on nutrient exchange, signal transduction, and gene transfer. Additionally, the efficacy of the system in removing nitrogen, phosphorus, and heavy metals, as well as its role in CO2 reduction and bioresource recycling, is thoroughly elaborated. Potential future research of bacteria-algae cell factory producing bioenergy production, feed or fertilizers are summarized. This paper clearly presents effective strategies for efficiently removing pollutants, reducing carbon emissions, and promoting resource recycling in the field of wastewater treatment. It also provides recommendations for further research on utilizing microbial-algal symbiotic systems to remove novel pollutants from wastewater and extract value-added products from the resulting biomass.},
}
@article {pmid39326580,
year = {2024},
author = {Xing, Z and Guo, L and Li, S and Huang, W and Su, J and Chen, X and Li, Y and Zhang, J},
title = {Skeletal muscle-derived exosomes prevent osteoporosis by promoting osteogenesis.},
journal = {Life sciences},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {123079},
doi = {10.1016/j.lfs.2024.123079},
pmid = {39326580},
issn = {1879-0631},
abstract = {Skeletal muscle and bone are the major organs for physical activity, in which there is a parallel correlation between muscle mass and bone density throughout a lifetime. Osteoporosis is a systemic bone metabolic disorder caused by reduced bone formation and increased bone resorption. Based on the metabolic symbiosis relationship between skeletal muscle and bone, we hypothesis that skeletal muscle secretory factors could play constructive roles in osteoporosis. Exosomes have been verified to transfer bioactive factors among cells. However, the role of skeletal muscle derived-exosomes (SM-Exos) in osteoporosis is still unclear. In this study, we isolated the exosomes derived from denervated skeletal muscles intervened by neuromuscular electrical stimulation (DN + ES-Exo), and then injected these DN + ES-Exo into sarco-osteoporotic rats through tail vein. In vitro studies, we cocultured SM-Exos from different states with differentiated MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts. In brief, our research results demonstrate that SM-Exos could partially promote osteogenesis both in vivo and in vitro. Further, our findings indicate that skeletal muscle contraction induced by neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) can reverse the incidence of sarco-osteoporosis to a certain degree, and DN + ES-Exo contributes to the improvement in osteoporosis by facilitating osteoblast differentiation. Then, we revealed that NMES might regulate several miRNAs in skeletal muscle, the miRNAs that are encapsulated by SM-Exos might be involved in osteogenic differentiation in a network manner. All in all, this study confirmed the effect of NMES on sarco-osteoporosis and explored the role of SM-Exos in the improvement osteoporosis, which provide an effective theoretical support for the physical therapy of clinical sarco-osteoporosis.},
}
@article {pmid39325991,
year = {2024},
author = {Nel, WJ and Randolph, C and Paap, T and Hurley, BP and Slippers, B and Barnes, I and Wingfield, MJ},
title = {Fusarium species associated with Euwallacea xanthopus in South Africa, including two novel species.},
journal = {Mycologia},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-20},
doi = {10.1080/00275514.2024.2394758},
pmid = {39325991},
issn = {1557-2536},
abstract = {Ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) are small wood-boring insects that live in an obligate symbiosis with fungi, which serve as their primary food source. Beetles residing in the genus Euwallacea have evolved a unique association with a clade of Fusarium that falls within the aptly named Ambrosia Fusarium Clade (AFC). The discovery of the invasive polyphagous shot hole borer, E. fornicatus, in South Africa, has heightened awareness of ambrosia beetles and their symbionts in the country. In this study, we investigated the Fusarium symbionts of three species of Euwallacea in South Africa, with a specific focus on those associated with E. xanthopus. Isolations of Fusarium strains from both living and dissected beetles yielded nearly 100 isolates. Using multigene phylogenetic analyses, these isolates were identified as six different Fusarium species. Fusarium hypothenemi and F. euwallaceae have previously been reported from South Africa. Fusarium pseudensiforme and Fusarium AF-6 are new records for the country. The remaining two species are new to science and are described here as F. rufum sp. nov. and F. floriferum sp. nov. Targeted fungal isolation from specific beetle body parts revealed that the AFC species collected were typically associated with the dissected beetle heads and helped us identify the likely nutritional symbiont of E. xanthopus. This study highlights the understudied diversity of fungal associates of ambrosia beetles present in South Africa.},
}
@article {pmid39325838,
year = {2024},
author = {Liang, Y and Liu, J and Wu, Y and Wu, Y and Xi, Z},
title = {Stable introduction of Wolbachia wPip into invasive Anopheles stephensi for potential malaria control.},
journal = {PLoS neglected tropical diseases},
volume = {18},
number = {9},
pages = {e0012523},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pntd.0012523},
pmid = {39325838},
issn = {1935-2735},
abstract = {The spread and invasion of the urban malaria vector Anopheles stephensi has emerged as a significant threat to ongoing malaria control and elimination efforts, particularly in Africa. The successful use of the maternally inherited endosymbiotic bacterium Wolbachia for arbovirus control has inspired the exploration of similar strategies for managing malaria vectors, necessitating the establishment of a stable Wolbachia-Anopheles symbiosis. In this study, we successfully transferred Wolbachia wPip into An. stephensi, resulting in the establishment of a stable transinfected HP1 line with 100% maternal transmission efficiency. We demonstrate that wPip in the HP1 line induces nearly complete unidirectional cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI) and maintains high densities in both somatic and germline tissues. Despite a modest reduction in lifespan and female reproductive capacity, our results suggest the Wolbachia infection in the HP1 line has little impact on life history traits, body size, and male mating competitiveness, as well as the ability of its larvae to tolerate rearing temperatures up to 38°C, although wPip densities moderately decrease when larvae are exposed to a constant 33°C and diurnal cyclic temperatures of 27-36°C and 27-38°C. These findings highlight the potential of the HP1 line as a robust candidate for further development in malaria control.},
}
@article {pmid39325648,
year = {2024},
author = {Kawano, K and Awano, T and Yoshinaga, A and Sugiyama, J and Sawayama, S and Nakagawa, S},
title = {Paralimibaculum aggregatum gen. nov. sp. nov. and Biformimicrobium ophioploci gen. nov. sp. nov., two novel heterotrophs from brittle star Ophioplocus japonicus.},
journal = {International journal of systematic and evolutionary microbiology},
volume = {74},
number = {9},
pages = {},
pmid = {39325648},
issn = {1466-5034},
mesh = {*Phylogeny ; *RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics ; *DNA, Bacterial/genetics ; *Base Composition ; *Sequence Analysis, DNA ; *Bacterial Typing Techniques ; *Fatty Acids ; *Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Japan ; Animals ; Starfish/microbiology ; },
abstract = {Two novel Gram-stain-negative, strictly aerobic, halophilic and non-motile bacterial strains, designated NKW23[T] and NKW57[T], were isolated from a brittle star Ophioplocus japonicus collected from a tidal pool in Wakayama, Japan. The results of phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that NKW23[T] represented a member of the family Paracoccaceae, with Limibaculum halophilum CAU 1123[T] as its closest relative (94.4% sequence identity). NKW57[T] was identified as representing a member of the family Microbulbiferaceae, with up to 94.9% sequence identity with its closest relatives. Both strains displayed average nucleotide identity (ANI) and digital DNA-DNA hybridisation (dDDH) values below the species delimitation threshold against their closest relatives. Additionally, amino acid identity (AAI) values of both strains fell below the genus-defining threshold. Phylogenetic trees based on genome sequences indicated that NKW23[T] formed a novel lineage, branching deeply prior to the divergence of the genera Limibaculum and Thermohalobaculum, with an evolutionary distance (ED) of 0.31-0.32, indicative of genus-level differentiation. NKW57[T] similarly formed a distinct lineage separate from the species of the genus Microbulbifer. The major respiratory quinones of NKW23[T] and NKW57[T] were ubiquinone-10 (Q-10) and Q-8, respectively. The genomic DNA G+C contents of NKW23[T] and NKW57[T] were 71.4 and 58.8%, respectively. On the basis of the physiological and phylogenetic characteristics, it was proposed that these strains should be classified as novel species representing two novel genera: Paralimibaculum aggregatum gen. nov., sp. nov., with strain NKW23[T] (=JCM 36220[T]=KCTC 8062[T]) as the type strain, and Biformimicrobium ophioploci gen. nov., sp. nov., with strain NKW57[T] (=JCM 36221[T]=KCTC 8063[T]) as the type strain.},
}
@article {pmid39325424,
year = {2024},
author = {Dai, H and Wu, B and Zhuang, Y and Ren, H and Chen, Y and Zhang, F and Chu, C and Lv, X and Xu, J and Ma, B},
title = {Dynamic in situ detection in iRhizo-Chip reveals diurnal fluctuations of Bacillus subtilis in the rhizosphere.},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
volume = {121},
number = {40},
pages = {e2408711121},
doi = {10.1073/pnas.2408711121},
pmid = {39325424},
issn = {1091-6490},
support = {42277283//MOST | National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)/ ; 41991334//MOST | National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)/ ; 2023C020015//Key Research and Development Program of Zhejiang Province (Key R&amp;D plan of Zhejiang Province)/ ; 2023C02004//Key Research and Development Program of Zhejiang Province (Key R&amp;D plan of Zhejiang Province)/ ; },
mesh = {*Bacillus subtilis/metabolism/physiology ; *Rhizosphere ; *Soil Microbiology ; Plant Roots/microbiology/metabolism ; Lab-On-A-Chip Devices ; Circadian Rhythm/physiology ; Oxygen/metabolism/analysis ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism ; },
abstract = {Effective colonization by microbe in the rhizosphere is critical for establishing a beneficial symbiotic relationship with the host plant. Bacillus subtilis, a soil-dwelling bacterium that is commonly found in association with plants and their rhizosphere, has garnered interest for its potential to enhance plant growth, suppress pathogens, and contribute to sustainable agricultural practices. However, research on the dynamic distribution of B. subtilis within the rhizosphere and its interaction mechanisms with plant roots remains insufficient due to limitations in existing in situ detection methodologies. To achieve dynamic in situ detection of the rhizosphere environment, we established iRhizo-Chip, a microfluidics-based platform. Using this device to investigate microbial behavior within the rhizosphere, we found obvious diurnal fluctuations in the growth of B. subtilis in the rhizosphere. Temporal dynamic analysis of rhizosphere dissolved oxygen (DO), pH, dissolved organic carbon, and reactive oxygen species showed that diurnal fluctuations in the growth of B. subtilis are potentially related to a variety of environmental factors. Spatial dynamic analysis also showed that the spatial distribution changes of B. subtilis and DO and pH were similar. Subsequently, through in vitro control experiments, we proved that rhizosphere DO and pH are the main driving forces for diurnal fluctuations in the growth of B. subtilis. Our results show that the growth of B. subtilis is driven by rhizosphere DO and pH, resulting in diurnal fluctuations, and iRhizo-Chip is a valuable tool for studying plant rhizosphere dynamics.},
}
@article {pmid39325129,
year = {2024},
author = {Abou Diwan, M and Djekkoun, N and Boucau, MC and Corona, A and Dehouck, L and Biendo, M and Gosselet, F and Bach, V and Candela, P and Khorsi-Cauet, H},
title = {Maternal exposure to pesticides induces perturbations in the gut microbiota and blood-brain barrier of dams and the progeny, prevented by a prebiotic.},
journal = {Environmental science and pollution research international},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {39325129},
issn = {1614-7499},
abstract = {Exposure to pesticide residues during the first 1000 days of life can disrupt body homeostasis and contribute to chronic metabolic diseases. Perinatal chlorpyrifos (CPF) exposure alters gut microbiota (GM) balance, potentially affecting offspring's health. Given the GM influence on brain function, the primary aim is to determine if pesticide-induced dysbiosis (microbial imbalance) affects indirectly other organs, such as the blood-brain barrier (BBB). The secondary objective is to evaluate the prebiotics protective effects, particularly inulin in promoting microbial balance (symbiosis), in both mothers and offspring. A total of 15 or more female rats were divided in 4 groups: control, oral CPF-exposed (1 mg/kg/day), exposed to inulin (10 g/L), and co-exposed to CPF and inulin from pre-gestation until weaning of pups. Samples from intestines, spleen, liver, and brain microvessels underwent microbiological and biomolecular analyses. Bacterial culture assessed GM composition of living bacteria and their translocation to non-intestinal organs. RT qPCR and Western blotting detected gene expression and protein levels of tight junction markers in brain microvessels. CPF exposure caused gut dysbiosis in offspring, with decreased Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium and increased Escherichia coli (p < 0.01) leading to bacterial translocation to the spleen and liver. CPF also decreased tight junction's gene expression levels (50 to 60% decrease of CLDN3, p < 0.05). In contrast, inulin partially mitigated these adverse effects and restored gene expression to control levels. Our findings demonstrate a causal link between GM alterations and BBB integrity disruptions. The protective effects of inulin suggest potential therapeutic strategies to counteract pesticide-induced dysbiosis.},
}
@article {pmid39324788,
year = {2024},
author = {Mes, W and Lücker, S and Jetten, MS and Siepel, H and Gorissen, M and van Kessel, MA},
title = {Gill-associated ammonia oxidizers are widespread in teleost fish.},
journal = {Microbiology spectrum},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e0029524},
doi = {10.1128/spectrum.00295-24},
pmid = {39324788},
issn = {2165-0497},
abstract = {Recent advances in sequencing methods have greatly expanded the knowledge of teleost-associated microorganisms. While fish-gut microbiomes are comparatively well studied, less attention has gone toward other, external organ-microbiome associations. Gills are particularly interesting to investigate due to their functions in gas exchange, osmoregulation, and nitrogen excretion. We recently discovered a branchial symbiosis between nitrogen-cycling bacteria and teleosts (zebrafish and carp), in which ammonia-oxidizing Nitrosomonas and denitrifying bacteria together convert toxic ammonia excreted by the fish into harmless dinitrogen (N2) gas. This symbiosis can function as a "natural biofilter" in fish gills and can potentially occur in all ammonotelic fish species, but it remains unknown how widespread this symbiosis is. In this study, we analyzed all publicly available gill microbiome data sets and checked for the presence of Nitrosomonas. We discovered that more than half of the described fish gill microbiomes contain 16S rRNA gene sequences of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB). The presence of gill-specific AOB was shown in both wild and aquacultured fish, as well as in marine and freshwater fish species. Based on these findings, we propose that ammonia oxidizers are widespread in teleost fish gills. These gill-associated AOB can significantly affect fish nitrogen excretion, and the widespread nature of this association suggests that the gill-associated AOB can have similar impacts on more fish species. Future research should address the contribution of these microorganisms to fish nitrogen metabolism and the fundamental characteristics of this novel symbiosis.IMPORTANCERecent advances in sequencing have increased our knowledge of teleost-associated microbiota, but the gill microbiome has received comparatively little attention. We recently discovered a consortium of nitrogen-cycling bacteria in the gills of common carp and zebrafish, which are able to convert (toxic) ammonia into harmless dinitrogen gas. These microorganisms thus function as a natural nitrogen biofilter. We analyzed all available gill microbiome data sets to determine how widespread gill-associated ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) are. More than half of the data sets contained AOB, representing both aquacultured and wild fish from freshwater and marine habitats. In total, 182 amplicon sequencing variants were obtained, of which 115 were found specifically in the gills and not the environmental microbiomes. As gill-associated AOB are apparently widespread in teleost fish, it is important to study their impact on host nitrogen excretion and the potential to reduce ammonia accumulation in (recirculating) aquaculture of relevant fish species.},
}
@article {pmid39324179,
year = {2024},
author = {Wu, X and Qi, T and Zhang, M and Bi, J},
title = {A rare case report of Prevotella lung abscess diagnosed using third-generation metagenomic sequencing.},
journal = {The Journal of international medical research},
volume = {52},
number = {9},
pages = {3000605241271757},
doi = {10.1177/03000605241271757},
pmid = {39324179},
issn = {1473-2300},
mesh = {Humans ; *Prevotella/isolation &amp; purification/genetics ; *Lung Abscess/microbiology/diagnosis ; *Metagenomics/methods ; Bacteroidaceae Infections/diagnosis/microbiology ; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing/methods ; Female ; Male ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; },
abstract = {The Prevotella genus consists of obligate anaerobic Gram-negative bacteria that are symbiotic with the oral, intestinal, and vaginal mucosa. While several species of Prevotella have been implicated in pulmonary infections, identification of Prevotella as the causative agent of lung abscess is uncommon because of the requirement for stringent anaerobic culture conditions. In this report, we highlight a case of lung abscess caused by Prevotella salivae and Prevotella veroralis, underscoring the importance of third-generation metagenomic sequencing using devices from Oxford Nanopore Technologies for the precise diagnosis of specific pathogens.},
}
@article {pmid39323884,
year = {2024},
author = {Gao, P and Shen, W and Bo, T},
title = {The interaction between gut microbiota and hibernation in mammals.},
journal = {Frontiers in microbiology},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1433675},
pmid = {39323884},
issn = {1664-302X},
abstract = {Hibernation, an evolved survival trait among animals, enables them to endure frigid temperatures and food scarcity during the winter months, and it is a widespread phenomenon observed in mammals. The gut microbiota, a crucial component of animal nutrition and health, exhibits particularly dynamic interactions in hibernating mammals. This manuscript comprehensively evaluates the impacts of fasting, hypothermia, and hypometabolism on the gut microbiota of hibernating mammals. It suggests that alterations in the gut microbiota may contribute significantly to the maintenance of energy metabolism and intestinal immune function during hibernation, mediated by their metabolites. By delving into these intricacies, we can gain a deeper understanding of how hibernating mammals adapt to their environments and the consequences of dietary modifications on the symbiotic relationship between the gut microbiota and the host. Additionally, this knowledge can inform our comprehension of the protective mechanisms underlying long-term fasting in non-hibernating species, including humans, providing valuable insights into nutritional strategies and health maintenance.},
}
@article {pmid39323574,
year = {2024},
author = {Mandolini, E and Bacher, M and Peintner, U},
title = {Ectomycorrhizal fungal communities of Swiss stone pine (Pinus cembra) depend on climate and tree age in natural forests of the Alps.},
journal = {Plant and soil},
volume = {502},
number = {1-2},
pages = {167-180},
pmid = {39323574},
issn = {0032-079X},
abstract = {BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Pinus cembra represent a typical and important tree species growing in European subalpine and alpine habitats. The ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungal communities associated to this tree under natural conditions are largely unknown.<br><br>METHODS: In this study, we investigated the ECM fungal abundance and composition at four high-altitude sites (two northern-exposed and two southern-exposed habitats) in South Tyrol (Italy), and included also two different age classes of P. cembra. The ECM partners were characterized morphologically, and identified by rDNA ITS sequence analysis.<br><br>RESULTS: The degree of mycorrhization in adult P. cembra was typically 100% in these natural habitats, with a total species diversity of 20 ECM species. The four high-altitude sites were similar concerning their species richness and mycobiont diversity, but they differed significantly in ECM species composition. Young P. cembra had a mycorrhization degree of 100% and a total of 10 species were observed. All mycorrhizal partners of naturally regenerated young P. cembra were only detected in one specific location, with the exception of Cenococcum sp. and Amphinema sp. which were detected at two sites. Young trees harbour a distinct ectomycorrhizal fungal diversity, which is clearly lower than the diversity detected in adult P. cembra trees. The P. cembra bolete (Suillus plorans) is the most important symbiotic partner of P. cembra at Southern Tyrolean high-altitude sites and is known for its strict, species-specific host association.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: The ectomycorrhizal fungal community composition strongly depends on geographic region and on the slope exposure (north or south) of the site.<br><br>SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11104-022-05497-z.},
}
@article {pmid39323103,
year = {2024},
author = {Abdisa, E and Esmaeily, M and Kwon, J and Jin, G and Kim, Y},
title = {A Nematode Isolate, Oscheius Tipulae, Exhibiting a Wide Entomopathogenic Spectrum and its Application to Control Dipteran Insect Pests.},
journal = {Archives of insect biochemistry and physiology},
volume = {117},
number = {1},
pages = {e22152},
doi = {10.1002/arch.22152},
pmid = {39323103},
issn = {1520-6327},
support = {//This work was supported by a grant (No. 2022R1A2B5B03001792) from the National Research Foundation (NRF) funded by the Minifistry of Science, ICT and Future Planning, Republic of Korea. This study was also funded by a research grant from Andong National University./ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Diptera/microbiology ; Pest Control, Biological ; Rhabditida/pathogenicity/physiology ; Virulence ; Symbiosis ; Nematoda ; Xenorhabdus/genetics/pathogenicity/physiology ; },
abstract = {An entomopathogenic nematode, Oscheius tipulae, was isolated from a soil sample. The identification of this species was supported by morphological and molecular markers. The nematode isolate exhibited pathogenicity against different target insects including lepidopteran, coleopteran, and dipteran insects. The virulence of this nematode was similar to that of a well-known entomopathogenic nematode, Steinernema carpocapsae, against the same insect targets. A comparative metagenomics analysis of these two nematode species predicted the existence of a combined total of 272 bacterial species in their intestines, of which 51 bacterial species were shared between the two nematode species. In particular, the common gut bacteria included several entomopathogenic bacteria including Xenorhabdus nematophila, which is known as a symbiotic bacterium to S. carpocapsae. The nematode virulence of O. tipulae to insects was enhanced by an addition of dexamethasone but suppressed by an addition of arachidonic acid, suggesting that the immune defenses of the target insects against the nematode infection is mediated by eicosanoids, which would be manipulated by the symbiotic bacteria of the nematode. Unlike S. carpocapsae, O. tipulae showed high virulence against dipteran insects including fruit flies, onion flies, and mosquitoes. O. tipulae showed particularly high control efficacies against the onion maggot, Delia platura, infesting the Welsh onion in the rhizosphere in both pot and field assays.},
}
@article {pmid39321594,
year = {2024},
author = {Wei, H and He, W and Mao, X and Liao, S and Wang, Q and Wang, Z and Tang, M and Xu, T and Chen, H},
title = {Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and exogenous Ca[2+] application synergistically enhance salt and alkali resistance in perennial ryegrass through diverse adaptive strategies.},
journal = {Microbiological research},
volume = {289},
number = {},
pages = {127906},
doi = {10.1016/j.micres.2024.127906},
pmid = {39321594},
issn = {1618-0623},
abstract = {The challenge of soil salinization and alkalization, with its significant impact on crop productivity, has raised growing concerns with global population growth and enhanced environmental degradation. Although arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and calcium ions (Ca[2+]) are known to enhance plant resistance to stress, their combined effects on perennial ryegrass' tolerance to salt and alkali stress and the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. This study aimed to elucidate the roles of Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus Rhizophagus irregularis and exogenous Ca[2+] application in molecular and physiological responses to salt-alkali stress. AM symbiosis and exogenous Ca[2+] application enhanced antioxidant enzyme activity and non-enzymatic components, promoting reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging and reducing lipid peroxidation while alleviating oxidative damage induced by salt-alkali stress. Furthermore, they enhanced osmotic balance by increasing soluble sugar content (Proportion of contribution of the osmotic adjustment were 34∼38 % in shoots and 30∼37 % in roots) under salt stress and organic acid content (Proportion of contribution of the osmotic adjustment were 32∼36 % in shoots and 37∼42 % in roots) under alkali stress. Changes in organic solute and inorganic cation-anion contents contributed to ion balance, while hormonal regulation played a role in these protective mechanisms. Moreover, the protective mechanisms involved activation of Ca[2+]-mediated signaling pathways, regulation of salt-alkali stress-related genes (including LpNHX1 and LpSOS1), increased ATPase activity, elevated ATP levels, enhanced Na[+] extrusion, improved K[+] absorption capacity, and a reduced Na[+]/K[+] ratio, all contributing to the protection of photosynthetic pigments and the enhancement of photosynthetic efficiency. Ultimately, the combined application of exogenous Ca[2+] and AMF synergistically alleviated the inhibitory effects of salt-alkali stress on perennial ryegrass growth. This finding suggested that exogenous Ca[2+] may participate in the colonization of perennial ryegrass plants by R. irregularis, while AM symbiosis may activate Ca[2+] pathways. Consequently, the combined treatment of AM and Ca[2+] is beneficial for enhancing plant regulatory mechanisms and increasing crop yield under salt-alkali stress.},
}
@article {pmid39320926,
year = {2024},
author = {Tiwari, R and Singh, J},
title = {Decoding the Fancy Coat Worn by Rhizobia in Symbiosis.},
journal = {Molecular plant-microbe interactions : MPMI},
volume = {37},
number = {9},
pages = {651-652},
doi = {10.1094/MPMI-09-24-0109-CM},
pmid = {39320926},
issn = {0894-0282},
mesh = {*Symbiosis ; *Rhizobium/physiology ; },
}
@article {pmid39315799,
year = {2024},
author = {Bender, HA and Huynh, R and Puerner, C and Pelaez, J and Sadowski, C and Kissman, EN and Barbano, J and Schallies, KB and Gibson, KE},
title = {The Sinorhizobium meliloti nitrogen-fixing symbiosis requires CbrA-dependent regulation of a DivL and CckA phosphorelay.},
journal = {Journal of bacteriology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e0039923},
doi = {10.1128/jb.00399-23},
pmid = {39315799},
issn = {1098-5530},
abstract = {The cell cycle is a fundamental process involved in bacterial reproduction and cellular differentiation. For Sinorhizobium meliloti, cell cycle outcomes depend on its growth environment. This bacterium shows a tight coupling of DNA replication initiation with cell division during free-living growth. In contrast, it undergoes a novel program of endoreduplication and terminal differentiation during symbiosis within its host. While several DivK regulators at the top of its CtrA pathway have been shown to play an important role in this differentiation process, there is a lack of resolution regarding the downstream molecular activities required and whether they could be unique to the symbiosis cell cycle. The DivK kinase CbrA is a negative regulator of CtrA activity and is required for successful symbiosis. In this work, spontaneous symbiosis suppressors of ΔcbrA were identified as alleles of divL and cckA. In addition to rescuing symbiotic development, they restore wild-type cell cycle progression to free-living ΔcbrA cells. Biochemical characterization of the S. meliloti hybrid histidine kinase CckA in vitro demonstrates that it has both kinase and phosphatase activities. Specifically, CckA on its own has autophosphorylation activity, and phosphatase activity is induced by the second messenger c-di-GMP. Importantly, the CckA[A373S] suppressor protein of ΔcbrA has a significant loss in kinase activity, and this is predicted to cause decreased CtrA activity in vivo. These findings deepen our understanding of the CbrA regulatory pathway and open new avenues for further molecular characterization of a network pivotal to the free-living cell cycle and symbiotic differentiation of S. meliloti.IMPORTANCESinorhizobium meliloti is a soil bacterium able to form a nitrogen-fixing symbiosis with certain legumes, including the agriculturally important Medicago sativa. It provides ammonia to plants growing in nitrogen-poor soils and is therefore of agricultural and environmental significance as this symbiosis negates the need for industrial fertilizers. Understanding mechanisms governing symbiotic development is essential to either engineer a more effective symbiosis or extend its potential to non-leguminous crops. Here, we identify mutations within cell cycle regulators and find that they control cell cycle outcomes during both symbiosis and free-living growth. As regulators within the CtrA two-component signal transduction pathway, this study deepens our understanding of a regulatory network shaping host colonization, cell cycle differentiation, and symbiosis in an important model organism.},
}
@article {pmid39313798,
year = {2024},
author = {AbdElgawad, H and Crecchio, C and Nhs, M and Abdel-Maksoud, MA and Malik, A and Sheteiwy, MS and Hamoud, YA and Sulieman, S and Shaghaleh, H and Alyafei, M and Khanghahi, MY},
title = {Mitigating gadolinium toxicity in guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.) through the symbiotic associations with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi: physiological and biochemical insights.},
journal = {BMC plant biology},
volume = {24},
number = {1},
pages = {877},
pmid = {39313798},
issn = {1471-2229},
support = {RSP2024R176//King Saud University/ ; RSP2024R176//King Saud University/ ; },
mesh = {*Mycorrhizae/physiology ; *Symbiosis ; *Cyamopsis/metabolism ; *Gadolinium ; Soil Pollutants/toxicity/metabolism ; Seeds/microbiology/drug effects ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Gadolinium (Gd) is an increasingly found lanthanide element in soil; thus, understanding its impact on plant physiology, biochemistry, and molecular responses is crucial. Here, we aimed to provide a comprehensive understanding of Gd (150 mg kg[- 1]) impacts on guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.) plant yield and metabolism and whether the symbiotic relationship with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can mitigate Gd toxicity of soil contamination.<br><br>RESULTS: AMF treatment improved mineral nutrient uptake and seed yield by 38-41% under Gd stress compared to non-inoculated stressed plants. Metabolic analysis unveiled the defense mechanisms adopted by AMF-treated plants, revealing carbon and nitrogen metabolism adaptations to withstand Gd contamination. This included an increase in the synthesis of primary metabolites, such as total sugar (+&#x2009;39% compared to control), soluble sugars (+&#x2009;29%), starch (+&#x2009;30%), and some main amino acids like proline (+&#x2009;57%) and phenylalanine (+&#x2009;87%) in the seeds of AMF-treated plants grown under Gd contamination. Furthermore, fatty acid and organic acid profile changes were accompanied by the production of secondary metabolites, including tocopherols, polyamines, phenolic acids, flavones, and anthocyanins.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Overall, the coordinated synthesis of these compounds underscores the intricate regulatory mechanisms underlying plant-AMF interactions and highlights the potential of AMF to modulate plant secondary metabolism for enhanced Gd stress tolerance.},
}
@article {pmid39313094,
year = {2024},
author = {Li, Y and Wu, SY},
title = {Entomopathogenic nematodes in insect pest biocontrol: Diversity and function of excretory/secretory proteins.},
journal = {Journal of invertebrate pathology},
volume = {207},
number = {},
pages = {108205},
doi = {10.1016/j.jip.2024.108205},
pmid = {39313094},
issn = {1096-0805},
abstract = {Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) are obligate parasitic "biopesticides" that play a vital role in pest management. A thorough understanding of their pathogenic mechanisms is essential for promoting their widespread use in agricultural pest control. The pathogenicity of EPNs arises from two key factors: the pathogenicity of their symbiotic bacteria and the nematodes' intrinsic pathogenic mechanisms. This review concentrates on the latter, offering an exploration of the excretory/secretory products of EPNs, along with their pathogenic mechanisms and key components. Particular attention is given to specific excretory/secretory proteins (ESPs) identified in various EPN species. The aim is to provide a foundational reference for comprehending the role of these ESPs in pest control. Furthermore, the review discusses the potential of these findings to advance the development of eco-friendly biopesticides, thereby supporting sustainable agricultural practices.},
}
@article {pmid39312862,
year = {2024},
author = {Zhao, Y and Li, W and Xu, J and Bao, L and Wu, K and Shan, R and Hu, X and Fu, Y and Zhao, C},
title = {Endogenous retroviruses modulate the susceptibility of mice to Staphylococcus aureus-induced mastitis by activating cGAS-STING signaling.},
journal = {International immunopharmacology},
volume = {142},
number = {Pt B},
pages = {113171},
doi = {10.1016/j.intimp.2024.113171},
pmid = {39312862},
issn = {1878-1705},
abstract = {Recently studies showed that cow mastitis seriously affected the economic benefit of dairy industry and pathogen infection including S. aureus is the main cause of mastitis. However, there is still a lack of safe and effective treatment for S. aureus-induced mastitis due to its complex pathogenesis. Endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) have long been symbiotic with mammals, and most ERVs still have the ability to produces complementary DNA (cDNA) by reverse transcription, whose induction by commensal or pathogens can regulate host immunity and inflammatory responses through the cGAS-STING pathway. However, whether and how ERVs participate in the pathogenesis of S. aureus-induced mastitis still unclear. In this study, we found that S. aureus treatment increased the levels of ERVs and IFN-β. Inhibition the transcription of ERVs by emtricitabine alleviated S. aureus-induced mammary injury, reduced mammary bacterial burden, and inhibited the production of mammary proinflammatory factors including TNF-α, IL-1β and MPO activity. Moreover, inhibition of ERVs restored the function of blood-milk barrier caused by S. aureus. Next, we showed that S. aureus infection activated mammary cGAS-STING signaling pathway, which was mediated by ERVs, as evidenced by emtricitabine inhibited S. aureus-induced activation of the cGAS-STING pathway. Interestingly, inhibition of cGAS-STING by Ru.521 and H151 respectively, significantly alleviated S. aureus-induced mammary injury and inflammatory responses, which was associated with the inhibition of NF-κB and NLRP3 signaling pathways. In conclusion, our study revealed that ERVs regulate the development of S. aureus-induced mastitis in mice through NF-κB- and NLRP3-mediated inflammatory responses via the activation of cGAS-STING pathway, suggesting that targeting ERVs-cGAS-STING axis may be a potential approach for the treatment of S. aureus-induced mastitis.},
}
@article {pmid39312453,
year = {2024},
author = {Lutsiv, T and Hussan, H and Thompson, HJ},
title = {Ecosystemic Approach to Understanding Gut Microbiome-Mediated Prevention of Colorectal Cancer.},
journal = {Cancer journal (Sudbury, Mass.)},
volume = {30},
number = {5},
pages = {329-344},
pmid = {39312453},
issn = {1540-336X},
mesh = {Humans ; *Colorectal Neoplasms/microbiology/etiology/prevention &amp; control ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; Animals ; Dietary Fiber ; Diet ; },
abstract = {Humans and their associated microorganisms coexist in complex symbiotic relationships. Continuously advancing research is demonstrating the crucial role of host-associated microbiota in the pathophysiology and etiology of disease and in mediating the prevention thereof. As an exemplar, the gut microbiota, especially colonic bacteria, have been extensively studied in colorectal cancer (CRC), and the growing body of evidence establishes new oncomicrobes and their oncometabolites associated with the initiation and promotion of carcinogenesis. Herein, we discuss the importance of approaching the gut microbiome as an ecosystem rather than an assortment of individual factors, especially in the context of cancer prevention. Furthermore, we argue that a dietary pattern effectively drives multiple nodes of the gut microbial ecosystem toward disease- or health-promoting qualities. In the modern circumstances of excessive consumption of ultraprocessed and animal-based foods and concomitant escalation of chronic disease burden worldwide, we focus on whole food-derived dietary fiber as a key to establishing a health-promoting eubiosis in the gut.},
}
@article {pmid39311584,
year = {2024},
author = {Calawa, J and Foxall, R and Pankey, S and Sebra, R and Whistler, CA},
title = {Complete genome sequence of Vibrio fischeri strain H905, a planktonic isolate among squid symbiotic congeners.},
journal = {Microbiology resource announcements},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e0041824},
doi = {10.1128/mra.00418-24},
pmid = {39311584},
issn = {2576-098X},
abstract = {Here we describe the genome sequence of Vibrio (Aliivibrio) fischeri H905, a non-symbiotic isolate from Kaneohe Bay, Hawaii. Despite its close phylogenetic relationship to squid symbiont strains, H905 is not adept at colonization. Its genome serves as a valuable comparator, illustrating the complex evolutionary dynamics within V. fischeri clades.},
}
@article {pmid39311575,
year = {2024},
author = {Han, C-J and Huang, J-P and Chiang, M-R and Jean, OSM and Nand, N and Etebari, K and Shelomi, M},
title = {The hindgut microbiota of coconut rhinoceros beetles (Oryctes rhinoceros) in relation to their geographical populations.},
journal = {Applied and environmental microbiology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e0098724},
doi = {10.1128/aem.00987-24},
pmid = {39311575},
issn = {1098-5336},
abstract = {The coconut rhinoceros beetle (CRB, Oryctes rhinoceros) is a palm tree pest capable of rapidly expanding its population in new territories. Previous studies identified a digestive symbiosis between CRB and its gut microbes. However, no research compared the genetic variation of CRBs with their hindgut microbiota on a global scale. This study aims to investigate the genetic divergence of CRB and the compositional variation of CRB's microbiota across different geographical locations, and explore the association between them and their predicted functional profiles and environmental data. The research reveals a distinct and consistent microbial community within local populations, but it varies across different geographical populations. The microbial functional profiles linked to the production of digestive enzymes, including cellulases and ligninases, are nonetheless globally conserved. This suggests that CRBs employ specific mechanisms to select and maintain microbes with functional benefits, contributing to host adaptability, stress tolerance, and fitness. The CRB microbial communities did not appear to recapitulate the genetic variation of their hosts. Rather than depend on obligate symbionts, CRBs seem to establish similar digestive associations with whatever environmentally acquired microbes are available wherever they are, aiding them in successfully establishing after invading a new location.IMPORTANCECoconut rhinoceros beetles (CRBs) are notorious pests on Arecaceae plants, posing destructive threats to countries highly reliant on coconut, oil palm, and date palm as economic crops. In the last century, CRBs have rapidly expanded their presence to territories that were once free of these beetles. The United States, for instance, has officially designated CRBs as invasive and alien pests. Given their remarkable ability to swiftly adapt to new environments, their gut microbes may play a crucial role in this process. While the microbiota of CRBs vary depending on geographical location, these beetles consistently exhibit a functionally identical digestive association with locally acquired microbes. This underscores the significance of CRB-microbe association in shaping the adaptive strategies of this agricultural pest.},
}
@article {pmid39310729,
year = {2024},
author = {Fahim, H and Naaykens, T and D'Aloia, CC},
title = {Habitat quality effects on the abundance of a coral-dwelling fish across spatial scales.},
journal = {Ecology and evolution},
volume = {14},
number = {9},
pages = {e70322},
pmid = {39310729},
issn = {2045-7758},
abstract = {Microhabitat associated fishes are expected to be negatively affected by coral reef degradation, given that many species are coral dwellers. However, the factors underlying this negative impact and the spatial scale(s) at which it occurs are poorly understood. We explored how habitat quality metrics and host preferences influence fish abundance across multiple spatial scales, using the functionally important cleaner fish Elacatinus evelynae as a study species. We surveyed fish at 10 sites in Curaçao that varied in coral cover and health. At the microhabitat scale, we found that E. evelynae group size increases on large, healthy corals and on some coral host species, namely Montastraea cavernosa. We also found that, although E. evelynae can occupy at least 10 coral host species, it selectively inhabits just three corals: M. cavernosa, Colpophyllia natans, and Diploria labrynthiformis. Scaling up to explore goby abundance along 30-m transects, we did not find a clear relationship between live coral cover and goby abundance. However, goby abundance was substantially higher at one location with elevated coral cover and a high relative abundance of E. evelynae host species. Collectively, these results confirm that E. evelynae abundance is impacted by reef health. They also indicate that the species' long-term persistence may depend on both the maintenance of healthy coral hosts and the gobies' plasticity in host preferences on changing reefscapes. Cryptobenthic fishes such as E. evelynae play a vital role in the ecosystem and understanding drivers of their abundance is important as reefs face increased degradation.},
}
@article {pmid39308636,
year = {2024},
author = {Pröts, P and Novotny-Diermayr, V and Ott, JA},
title = {A novel three-part pharynx and its parallel evolution within symbiotic marine nematodes (Desmodoroidea, Stilbonematinae).},
journal = {Organisms, diversity &amp; evolution},
volume = {24},
number = {3},
pages = {353-373},
pmid = {39308636},
issn = {1439-6092},
abstract = {Stilbonematinae are nematodes commonly found in shallow marine sands. They are overgrown by a genus- and species-specific coat of chemoautotrophic sulphur-oxidizing ectosymbiotic bacteria which profit from the vertical migration of their hosts through the chemocline by alternately gaining access to oxidizing and reducing chemical species, while in return, the host feeds on its symbionts. The subfamily exhibits a large morphological variability; e.g. the anterior pharynx is cylindrical in genera possessing a voluminous coat, but species with a bacterial monolayer possess a distinctly swollen corpus and therefore a tripartite pharynx. Since 18S-based phylogenetic analyses do not show close relationships between corpus-bearing species, we investigated the pharynx morphology using phalloidin staining in combination with confocal laser scanning microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and light microscopy in order to assess an independent evolution. The class-wide stable position of the subventral pharynx ampullae was used as a morphological marker. Ampullae are positioned at the anterior-most end of the isthmus in Cyathorobbea, further posterior in Catanema and Robbea and inside the corpus in Laxus oneistus. We therefore conclude an independent evolution of corpus enlargements within Stilbonematinae. This further suggests that pharynx morphology is driven by the volume of the symbiotic bacterial coat rather than phylogeny. Based on an existing mathematical model, an enlarged corpus should enable its bearer to ingest food in smaller quantities, in gourmet style, whereas a cylindrical pharynx would restrict its bearer to ancestral gourmand feeding. A review of pharynx types of Nematoda showed that the Stilbonematinae pharynx is substantially different compared to other tripartite pharynges. The lack of pharyngeal tubes and valves, the undivided corpus and evenly distributed nuclei in the isthmus warrant the definition of the "stilbonematoid" three-part pharynx.},
}
@article {pmid39307902,
year = {2024},
author = {Ma, Z and Zuo, T and Frey, N and Rangrez, AY},
title = {A systematic framework for understanding the microbiome in human health and disease: from basic principles to clinical translation.},
journal = {Signal transduction and targeted therapy},
volume = {9},
number = {1},
pages = {237},
pmid = {39307902},
issn = {2059-3635},
support = {RA 2717/4-1//Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (German Research Foundation)/ ; 1289/17-1//Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (German Research Foundation)/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *Microbiota/genetics ; Probiotics/therapeutic use ; Symbiosis/genetics ; },
abstract = {The human microbiome is a complex and dynamic system that plays important roles in human health and disease. However, there remain limitations and theoretical gaps in our current understanding of the intricate relationship between microbes and humans. In this narrative review, we integrate the knowledge and insights from various fields, including anatomy, physiology, immunology, histology, genetics, and evolution, to propose a systematic framework. It introduces key concepts such as the 'innate and adaptive genomes', which enhance genetic and evolutionary comprehension of the human genome. The 'germ-free syndrome' challenges the traditional 'microbes as pathogens' view, advocating for the necessity of microbes for health. The 'slave tissue' concept underscores the symbiotic intricacies between human tissues and their microbial counterparts, highlighting the dynamic health implications of microbial interactions. 'Acquired microbial immunity' positions the microbiome as an adjunct to human immune systems, providing a rationale for probiotic therapies and prudent antibiotic use. The 'homeostatic reprogramming hypothesis' integrates the microbiome into the internal environment theory, potentially explaining the change in homeostatic indicators post-industrialization. The 'cell-microbe co-ecology model' elucidates the symbiotic regulation affecting cellular balance, while the 'meta-host model' broadens the host definition to include symbiotic microbes. The 'health-illness conversion model' encapsulates the innate and adaptive genomes' interplay and dysbiosis patterns. The aim here is to provide a more focused and coherent understanding of microbiome and highlight future research avenues that could lead to a more effective and efficient healthcare system.},
}
@article {pmid39307779,
year = {2024},
author = {Xu, C and Meng, LB and Lu, MQ and Huang, XY and Wang, X and Gong, FP and Gong, QF and Yu, H},
title = {[Influence of different processing methods on volatile components of Atractylodis Rhizoma based on HS-GC-MS technology].},
journal = {Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica},
volume = {49},
number = {16},
pages = {4427-4436},
doi = {10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20240418.301},
pmid = {39307779},
issn = {1001-5302},
mesh = {*Atractylodes/chemistry ; *Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry/methods ; *Rhizome/chemistry ; *Drugs, Chinese Herbal/chemistry/analysis ; *Oils, Volatile/chemistry/analysis ; Volatile Organic Compounds/analysis/chemistry ; },
abstract = {The volatile components of Atractylodis Rhizoma have obvious pharmacological effects and are considered to be the main dry components of Atractylodis Rhizoma. The differences of different processed products of Atractylodis Rhizoma were analyzed from the perspective of volatile oil changes to explain the reasons for dryness reduction and efficacy increase of Atractylodis Rhizoma after processing. HS-GC-MS technology was used to obtain the volatile components of raw Atractylodis Rhizoma, bran-fried Atractylodis Rhizoma, roasted Atractylodis Rhizoma, and rice-water processed Atractylodis Rhizoma under four different processes, and then SIMCA software was used to analyze the volatile oil components of Atractylodis Rhizoma and its different processed products. A total of 87 volatile components were identified in the HS-GC-MS results. A total of 76 volatile components were identified in raw products; 79 volatile components were identified in bran-fried Atractylodis Rhizoma; 70 volatile components were identified in Zhangbang rice-water processed Atractylodis Rhizoma; 81 volatile components were identified in roasted Atractylodis Rhizoma; 78 volatile components were identified in Hunan rice-water processed Atractylodis Rhizoma; 73 volatile components were identified in Jilin rice-water processed Atractylodis Rhizoma, and 77 volatile components were identified in Shanghai rice-water processed Atractylodis Rhizoma. Through multivariate statistical analysis, it was found that there were significant differences between the processed products of Atractylodis Rhizoma. Then, a total of 28 significant differential components between the symbiotic products and the six processed products were established by the OPLS-DA model. Among them, 11 volatile components that generally increased significantly after processing were α-pinene, phellandrene,(1S)-(+)-3-carene, o-isopropyltoluene, D-limonene, α-ocimene, α-isoterpinene, silphiperfol-5-ene,silphinene, γ-alkenyl, and germacrene B, which may be related to their synergistic effect. Five volatile components that generally decreased significantly after processing were β-elemene, 1-methyl-4-(6-methylhept-5-en-2-yl) cyclohexa-1, 3-diene, β-selinene,β-sesquiphellandrene, and atractylon, which may be related to their dryness.},
}
@article {pmid39306049,
year = {2024},
author = {Shan, L and Fan, H and Guo, J and Zhou, H and Li, F and Jiang, Z and Wu, D and Feng, X and Mo, R and Liu, Y and Zhang, T and Zhou, Y},
title = {Impairment of oocyte quality caused by gut microbiota dysbiosis in obesity.},
journal = {Genomics},
volume = {116},
number = {5},
pages = {110941},
doi = {10.1016/j.ygeno.2024.110941},
pmid = {39306049},
issn = {1089-8646},
abstract = {Obesity poses risks to oocyte maturation and embryonic development in mice and humans, linked to gut microbiota dysbiosis and altered host metabolomes. However, it is unclear whether symbiotic gut microbes have a pivotal role in oocyte quality. In mouse models of fecal microbiota transplantation, we demonstrated aberrant meiotic apparatus and impaired maternal mRNA in oocytes, which is coincident with the poor developmental competence of embryos. Using metabolomics profiling, we discovered that the cytosine and cytidine metabolism was disturbed, which could account for the fertility defects observed in the high-fat diet (HFD) recipient mice. Additionally, cytosine and cytidine are closely related with gut microbiota dysbiosis, which is accompanied by a notable reduction of abundance of Christensenellaceae R-7 group in the HFD mice. In summary, our findings provided evidence that modifying the gut microbiota may be of value in the treatment of infertile female individuals with obesity.},
}
@article {pmid39305851,
year = {2024},
author = {Lourtie, A and Eeckhaut, I and Caulier, G and Brasseur, L and Mallefet, J and Delroisse, J},
title = {Exploring symbiont gene expression in two echinoid-associated shrimp species under host separation.},
journal = {Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Part D, Genomics &amp; proteomics},
volume = {52},
number = {},
pages = {101327},
doi = {10.1016/j.cbd.2024.101327},
pmid = {39305851},
issn = {1878-0407},
abstract = {Symbiotic relationships are omnipresent and particularly diverse in the marine world. In the Western Indian Ocean, the sea urchin Echinometra mathaei associates with two obligate ectosymbiotic shrimp species, Tuleariocaris holthuisi and Arete indicus. These shrimps are known for their host-dependent nature. T. holthuisi, for example, exhibits severe host separation syndrome, showing signs of stress and rapid mortality when isolated. Specific host pigments called spinochromes seem essential for T. holthuisi survival. Our study employs a transcriptomic approach to assess the stress induced by host separation on these shrimps. Using paired-end Illumina HiSeq technology, we analyzed transcriptomes of both species under three conditions: (i) symbionts on their host (CC), (ii) isolated symbionts in seawater (IC), and (iii) isolated symbionts in spinochrome-enriched seawater (IC + S). Sequencing revealed a total of 217,832 assembled unigenes, with an N50 value of 2061 bp. Isolated T. holthuisi showed 16.5 % DEGs (IC/CC), reduced to 8.5 % with spinochromes (IC + S/CC), both compared to the control condition (CC). Further analyses of stress-related genes show that T. holthuisi expressed stress-related genes when isolated in comparison to the control (IC/CC). Notably, heat shock proteins (HSPs) were significantly up-regulated in isolated T. holthuisi, especially without spinochromes. In contrast, A. indicus displayed differential expression of diverse genes, suggesting an adaptive micro-regulation mechanism to cope with isolation stress. This study pioneers the use of NGS in exploring the transcriptomic responses of symbiotic shrimp species, shedding some light on the molecular impact of the host-separation syndrome and chemical dependencies.},
}
@article {pmid39305558,
year = {2024},
author = {Zhang, Y and Hou, R and Yao, X and Wang, X and Li, W and Fang, X and Ma, X and Li, S},
title = {VrNIN1 interacts with VrNNC1 to regulate root nodulation in mungbean.},
journal = {Plant physiology and biochemistry : PPB},
volume = {216},
number = {},
pages = {109131},
doi = {10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.109131},
pmid = {39305558},
issn = {1873-2690},
abstract = {Node Inception (NIN) plays a crucial role in legume symbiosis by participating in both infection and nodule formation processes. However, its specific function in mungbean (Vigna radiata) remains poorly understood. This study aimed to functionally characterize the VrNIN1 gene in mungbean through an enhanced hairy root transformation approach. Examination of proVrNIN1: GUS hairy roots via GUS staining indicated the expression of VrNIN1 in later root promodia, nodule primordia, and nodules. Phenotypic evaluation revealed that overexpression or silencing of VrNIN1 led to a significant reduction in nodule numbers in hairy roots compared to controls. Additionally, interaction between VrNIN1 and VrNNC1 was confirmed through yeast two-hybrid, luciferase complementation and Co-immunoprecipitation assays. VrNNC1 expression was observed in the vascular bundle and cortex of roots and root nodules, where it notably suppressed nodule formation in transgenic hairy roots. Furthermore, gene expression analysis demonstrated the involvement of VrNIN1 and VrNNC1 in regulating root nodulation by modulating the expression of VrRIC1 and VrEDOD40. This study not only optimized the genetic transformation system for hairy roots in mungbean, but also provided mechanistic insights into the regulatory role of VrNIN1 in root nodule symbiosis in mungbean.},
}
@article {pmid39305525,
year = {2024},
author = {Pang, Q and Zhao, G and Wang, D and Zhu, X and Xie, L and Zuo, D and Wang, L and Tian, L and Peng, F and Xu, B and He, F and Ding, J and Chu, W},
title = {Water periods impact the structure and metabolic potential of the nitrogen-cycling microbial communities in rivers of arid and semi-arid regions.},
journal = {Water research},
volume = {267},
number = {},
pages = {122472},
doi = {10.1016/j.watres.2024.122472},
pmid = {39305525},
issn = {1879-2448},
abstract = {This study examined the influence of water periods on river nitrogen cycling by analysing nitrogen functional genes and bacterial communities in the Qingshui River, an upstream tributary of the Yellow River in China. Nitrate nitrogen predominated as inorganic nitrogen during the low-flow seasons, whereas salinity was highest during the high-flow seasons. Overall, the functional gene abundance increased with decreasing water volume, and nitrogen concentrations were determined by various specific gene groups. The relative abundance of bacteria carrying these genes varied significantly across water periods. The abundance of Pseudomona, Hydrogenophaga (carrying narGHI and nirB genes), and Flavobacterium (carrying nirK, norBC, and nosZ genes) significantly increased during the low-flow seasons. Nitrogen transformation bacteria exhibited both symbiotic and mutualistic relationships. Microbial network nodes and sizes decreased with decreasing water volume, whereas modularity increased. Additionally, the water period affected the functional microbial community structure by influencing specific environmental factors. Among them, SO4[2-] primarily determined the denitrification, dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium, and assimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium communities, whereas NO2[-]-N and Mg[2+] were the main driving factors for the nitrogen-fixing and nitrifying communities, respectively. These findings have substantial implications for better understanding the reduction in river nitrogen loads in arid and semi-arid regions during different water periods.},
}
@article {pmid39304531,
year = {2024},
author = {Umar, M and Merlin, TS and Puthiyedathu, ST},
title = {Genomic insights into symbiosis and host adaptation of sponge-associated novel bacterium, Rossellomorea orangium sp. nov.},
journal = {FEMS microbiology letters},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/femsle/fnae074},
pmid = {39304531},
issn = {1574-6968},
abstract = {Sponge-associated microorganisms play vital roles in marine sponge ecology. This study presents a genomic investigation of Rossellomorea sp. MCCB 382, isolated from Stelletta sp., reveals insights into its adaptations and symbiotic roles. Phylogenomic study and Overall Genomic Relatedness Index (OGRI) classify MCCB 382 as a novel species, Rossellomorea orangium sp. nov. The genome encodes numerous carbohydrate metabolism enzymes (CAZymes), likely aiding nutrient cycling in the sponge host. Unique eukaryotic-like protein domains hint at potential mechanisms of symbiosis. Defense mechanisms include CRISPR, restriction modification systems, DNA phosphorothioation, toxin-antitoxin systems, and heavy metal and multidrug resistance genes, indicating adaptation to challenging marine environments. Unlike obligate mutualists, MCCB 382 shows no genome reduction. Furthermore, the presence of mobile genetic elements, horizontal gene transfer, and prophages suggest genetic versatility, implying flexible metabolic potential and capacity for rapid adaptation and symbiosis shifts. MCCB 382 possesses six biosynthetic gene clusters for secondary metabolites, including both type II and III polyketide synthases (PKS), terpenes, (NRPS), NRPS-independent-siderophore, and lassopeptide. Further genome mining using BiGScape revealed four distinct gene cluster families, T2PKS, NRPS-independent-siderophore, lasso peptide, and terpene, presenting opportunities for novel compound elucidation. Our study reveals a symbiotic lifestyle of MCCB 382 with the host sponge, highlighting symbiont factors that aid in establishing and sustaining this relationship. This is the pioneering genomic characterisation of a novel Rossellomorea sp. within the sponge Stelletta sp. holobiont.},
}
@article {pmid39303552,
year = {2024},
author = {Wen, L and Dai, J and Song, J and Ma, J and Li, X and Yuan, H and Duan, L and Wang, Q},
title = {Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and their eco-environmental response in the Bohai Sea sediments.},
journal = {Marine pollution bulletin},
volume = {208},
number = {},
pages = {116979},
doi = {10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116979},
pmid = {39303552},
issn = {1879-3363},
abstract = {Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) are an important class of pollutants in the environment. This study investigated the characteristics and ecological effects of ARGs in the Bohai Sea sediments. The results showed that ARGs are widely distributed, and exhibit significant spatial and subtype variations, with absolute abundance following the decreasing order of Liaodong Bay, Laizhou Bay, Bohai Bay, and Bohai Strait. Tetracycline ARGs dominated, comprising 50 % to 62 % of all ARGs, with tetM having the highest abundance at 1.43 × 10[7] copies/g. Symbiotic network analysis revealed that the phyla Deinococcota, Dadabacteria were serve as the primary likely host of ARGs. The ARGs have a wide range of potential hosts, and bacteria often carry multiple ARGs, enhancing the mobility and ecological niche adaptation of ARGs. This study will provide an important reference for assessing ARGs pollution in semi-enclosed seas.},
}
@article {pmid39301512,
year = {2024},
author = {Mendoza-Becerril, MA and Murillo-Torres, P and Serviere-Zaragoza, E and León-Cisneros, K and Mazariegos-Villarreal, A and López-Vivas, JM and Agüero, J},
title = {First records of hydroid epibionts on the introduced macroalga Gracilariaparvispora in the Mexican Pacific.},
journal = {Biodiversity data journal},
volume = {12},
number = {},
pages = {e130248},
pmid = {39301512},
issn = {1314-2828},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The red macroalga Gracilariaparvispora is an introduced species in the Mexican Pacific. To date, there are no published studies on its sessile epibionts, including the hydrozoans and bryozoans, which are the dominant epibionts on macrophytes and of significant biological and economic interest.<br><br>NEW INFORMATION: This study provides insight into the faunal diversity of hydroids growing on G.parvispora. A total of 185 thalli from both herbarium specimens and field samples collected from five sites in La Paz Bay were revised. Each thallus size and the presence of hydroid epibionts in each thallus region were registered. Eight different hydrozoan taxa were growing on the red macroalgae, including the first recorded observation of Obeliaoxydentata in the Gulf of California. The sizes of the collected thalli were mostly under 7.0 cm, the maximum number of taxa per thallus was three and the thallus region containing the highest number of epibionts was in the middle. Significant differences were observed amongst the lengths of thalli with and without epibionts. The thalli with epibionts were larger than the thalli without epibionts. Similarly, significant differences were observed amongst the months. The pair-wise test revealed that each month exhibited distinctive epibiont taxa when compared to the others. This study highlights the lack of information on these associations. Further research is needed to understand whether introduced macroalgae can bring non-native epibiont species to an area.},
}
@article {pmid39301159,
year = {2024},
author = {Chepkorir, A and Beesigamukama, D and Gitari, HI and Chia, SY and Subramanian, S and Ekesi, S and Abucheli, BE and Rubyogo, JC and Zahariadis, T and Athanasiou, G and Zachariadi, A and Zachariadis, V and Tenkouano, A and Tanga, CM},
title = {Insect frass fertilizer as a regenerative input for improved biological nitrogen fixation and sustainable bush bean production.},
journal = {Frontiers in plant science},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1460599},
pmid = {39301159},
issn = {1664-462X},
abstract = {Bush bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) production is undermined by soil degradation and low biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) capacity. This study evaluated the effect of black soldier fly frass fertilizer (BSFFF) on bush bean growth, yield, nutrient uptake, BNF, and profitability, in comparison with commercial organic fertilizer (Phymyx, Phytomedia International Ltd., Kiambu, Kenya), synthetic fertilizer (NPK), and rhizobia inoculant (Biofix, MEA Fertilizers, Nairobi, Kenya). The organic fertilizers were applied at rates of 0, 15, 30, and 45 kg N ha[-1] while the NPK was applied at 40 kg N ha[-1], 46 kg P ha[-1], and 60 kg K ha[-1]. The fertilizers were applied singly and in combination with rhizobia inoculant to determine the interactive effects on bush bean production. Results showed that beans grown using BSFFF were the tallest, with the broadest leaves, and the highest chlorophyll content. Plots treated with 45 kg N ha[-1] BSFFF produced beans with more flowers (7 - 8%), pods (4 - 9%), and seeds (9 - 11%) compared to Phymyx and NPK treatments. The same treatment also produced beans with 6, 8, and 18% higher 100-seed weight, compared to NPK, Phymyx, and control treatments, respectively. Beans grown in soil amended with 30 kg N ha[-1] of BSFFF had 3-14-fold higher effective root nodules, fixed 48%, 31%, and 91% more N compared to Phymyx, NPK, and rhizobia, respectively, and boosted N uptake (19 - 39%) compared to Phymyx and NPK treatments. Application of 45 kg N ha[-1] of BSFFF increased bean seed yield by 43%, 72%, and 67% compared to the control, NPK and equivalent rate of Phymyx, respectively. The net income and gross margin achieved using BSFFF treatments were 73 - 239% and 118 - 184% higher than the values obtained under Phymyx treatments. Our findings demonstrate the high efficacy of BSFFF as a novel soil input and sustainable alternative for boosting BNF and improving bush bean productivity.},
}
@article {pmid39303118,
year = {2024},
author = {Doré, J and Sansonetti, PJ},
title = {[The human microbiome: 340 years of history, 140 years of interrogations, technological innovations and emergence of "microbial medicine"].},
journal = {Medecine sciences : M/S},
volume = {40},
number = {8-9},
pages = {654-660},
doi = {10.1051/medsci/2024101},
pmid = {39303118},
issn = {1958-5381},
mesh = {Humans ; *Microbiota/physiology ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; History, 19th Century ; Symbiosis ; Inventions/history/trends ; History, 18th Century ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome/physiology ; },
abstract = {For 350 years, we have known that the human body hosts microbes, then called "animalcules". For over a century, following the demonstration of the role of some of these microbes in diseases, questions have arisen about the role of the largely predominant ones colonizing human skin and mucous surfaces, particularly the rich microbial ecosystem of the intestine, the gut microbiota. From the invention of germ-free life - axenism - which experimentally validated the human-microbe symbiosis, resulting from a long coevolution, to the development of anaerobic culture methods, then to the invention of molecular diagnosis, deep sequencing opening up metagenomic and omics approaches in general, a remarkable race has taken place between technological innovations and conceptual advances. This race, beyond the exhaustive description of the microbiota in its intra- and inter-human diversity, and the essential symbiotic functions of the microbiome, has paved the way for a new field of medicine: microbial medicine.},
}
@article {pmid39302758,
year = {2024},
author = {Crout, K and Mayfield, A and Kerrigan, J and Hartshorn, J},
title = {Factors affecting Xyleborus glabratus attack and host utilization in sassafras and redbay in the Carolinas.},
journal = {Journal of economic entomology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/jee/toae207},
pmid = {39302758},
issn = {1938-291X},
abstract = {The laurel wilt disease complex is a destructive combination of a non-native beetle vector [redbay ambrosia beetle (RAB), Xyleborus glabratus Eichhoff (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae)] and a symbiotic fungus (Harringtonia lauricola (Ophiostomataceae) T.C. Harr., Fraedrich &amp; Aghayeva), which serves as a pathogen in the host trees infested by RAB. The complex originated from Asia and was first discovered in the United States near Savannah, GA in 2002, and has rapidly made its way across the southeastern US, causing mortality for redbay and other important Lauraceae species, including sassafras, giving this disease complex the potential to have far-reaching ecological effects across North America. Our goal with this study was to examine the spatial distribution of RAB attacks in redbay and sassafras trees along the leading edge of disease progression. RAB attacks were clustered in both tree species, with attacks being most concentrated on the south side of the tree in sassafras, and with RAB clustering more with other RAB attacks on redbay. When comparing bolts that produced adult RABs, the average number of RABs emerged was higher in redbay compared to sassafras. Entrance hole density, RAB emergence, and moisture content were higher near the base of the stem compared to stems sections higher on the bole of both tree species. Our results suggest that physiological differences, such as size and structure of vessels, between these tree species may drive beetle attack patterns and, therefore, affect the progression and spread of disease throughout sassafras and other Lauraceae.},
}
@article {pmid39301782,
year = {2024},
author = {Łętocha, A and Michalczyk, A and Miastkowska, M and Sikora, E},
title = {Effect of Encapsulation of Lactobacillus casei in Alginate-Tapioca Flour Microspheres Coated with Different Biopolymers on the Viability of Probiotic Bacteria.},
journal = {ACS applied materials &amp; interfaces},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1021/acsami.4c10187},
pmid = {39301782},
issn = {1944-8252},
abstract = {To realize the health benefits of probiotic bacteria, they must withstand processing and storage conditions and remain viable after use. The encapsulation of these probiotics in the form of microspheres containing tapioca flour as a prebiotic and vehicle component in their structure or shell affords symbiotic effects that improve the survival of probiotics under unfavorable conditions. Microencapsulation is one such method that has proven to be effective in protecting probiotics from adverse conditions while maintaining their viability and functionality. The aim of the work was to obtain high-quality microspheres that can act as carriers of Lactobacillus casei bacteria and to assess the impact of encapsulation on the viability of probiotic microorganisms in alginate microspheres enriched with a prebiotic (tapioca flour) and additionally coated with hyaluronic acid, chitosan, or gelatin. The influence of the composition of microparticles on the physicochemical properties and the viability of probiotic bacteria during storage was examined. The optimal composition of microspheres was selected using the design of experiments using statistical methods. Subsequently, the size, morphology, and cross-section of the obtained microspheres, as well as the effectiveness of the microsphere coating with biopolymers, were analyzed. The chemical structure of the microspheres was identified by using Fourier-transform infrared spectrophotometry. Raman spectroscopy was used to confirm the success of coating the microspheres with the selected biopolymers. The obtained results showed that the addition of tapioca flour had a positive effect on the surface modification of the microspheres, causing the porous structure of the alginate microparticles to become smaller and more sealed. Moreover, the addition of prebiotic and biopolymer coatings of the microspheres, particularly using hyaluronic acid and chitosan, significantly improved the survival and viability of the probiotic strain during long-term storage. The highest survival rate of the probiotic strain was recorded for alginate-tapioca flour microspheres coated with hyaluronic acid, at 5.48 log CFU g[-1]. The survival rate of L. casei in that vehicle system was 89% after storage for 30 days of storage.},
}
@article {pmid39297772,
year = {2024},
author = {Whatmough, B and Holmes, NA and Wilkinson, B and Hutchings, MI and Parra, J and Duncan, KR},
title = {Microbe Profile: Pseudonocardia: antibiotics for every niche.},
journal = {Microbiology (Reading, England)},
volume = {170},
number = {9},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1099/mic.0.001501},
pmid = {39297772},
issn = {1465-2080},
mesh = {*Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology/metabolism/biosynthesis ; Animals ; Symbiosis ; Actinomycetales/metabolism/genetics/classification ; Genome, Bacterial ; Ants/microbiology ; Insecta/microbiology ; },
abstract = {Pseudonocardia species comprise a genus of filamentous, sporulating bacteria belonging to the phylum Actinomycetota, formerly Actinobacteria. They are found in marine and freshwater sediments and soils and associated with marine animals, insects, and plants. To date, they have mostly been studied because of their mutually beneficial symbiosis with fungus-growing ants in the tribe Attini. They have also attracted interest due to their biosynthetic capabilities, including the production of variably glycosylated polyenes and other novel antifungal compounds, and for their capacity to grow on a variety of hydrocarbons. The majority of clinically used antibiotics are derived from the specialised metabolites of filamentous actinomycete bacteria and most of these come from the genus Streptomyces. However, in the quest for novel chemistry there is increasing interest in studying other filamentous actinomycete genera, including Pseudonocardia. Here we outline the biological properties, genome size and structure and key features of the genus Pseudonocardia, namely their specialised metabolites and ecological roles.},
}
@article {pmid39297638,
year = {2024},
author = {Allison, KR},
title = {Metabolite dependence of antibiotic susceptibility in a gut microbe.},
journal = {mSphere},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e0060024},
doi = {10.1128/msphere.00600-24},
pmid = {39297638},
issn = {2379-5042},
abstract = {Antibiotics save lives but can have unwanted effects on our gut microbes, thereby contributing to disease. A mechanistic understanding of how such microbes respond to antibiotics is hence critical. Recently in mSphere, Nilson et al. investigated the metabolite dependence of antibiotic susceptibility in Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, an abundant and important member of our gut microbiota (R. Nilson, S. Penumutchu, F. S. Pagano, and P. Belenky, mSphere 9:e00103-24, 2024, https://doi.org/10.1128/msphere.00103-24). Their uncovered findings suggest the possibility of potentiating antibiotics with metabolites to reduce post-antibiotic "blooming" of B. thetaiotaomicron and the associated development of gut symbiosis.},
}
@article {pmid39300950,
year = {2024},
author = {Camuel, A and Gully, D and Pervent, M and Teulet, A and Nouwen, N and Arrighi, JF and Giraud, E},
title = {Genetic and transcriptomic analysis of the Bradyrhizobium T3SS-triggered nodulation in the legume Aeschynomene evenia.},
journal = {The New phytologist},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/nph.20139},
pmid = {39300950},
issn = {1469-8137},
support = {ANR-20-CE20-0012-01//Agence Nationale de la Recherche/ ; },
abstract = {Some Bradyrhizobium strains nodulate certain Aeschynomene species independently of Nod factors, but thanks to their type III secretion system (T3SS). While different T3 effectors triggering nodulation (ErnA and Sup3) have been identified, the plant signalling pathways they activate remain unknown. Here, we explored the intraspecies variability in T3SS-triggered nodulation within Aeschynomene evenia and investigated transcriptomic responses that occur during this symbiosis. Furthermore, Bradyrhizobium strains having different effector sets were tested on A. evenia mutants altered in various symbiotic signalling genes. We identified the A. evenia accession N21/PI 225551 as appropriate for deciphering the T3SS-dependent process. Comparative transcriptomic analysis of A. evenia N21 roots inoculated with ORS3257 strain and its ∆ernA mutant revealed genes differentially expressed, including some involved in plant defences and auxin signalling. In the other A. evenia accession N76, all tested strains nodulated the AeCRK mutant but not the AeNIN and AeNSP2 mutants, indicating a differential requirement of these genes for T3SS-dependent nodulation. Furthermore, the effects of AePOLLUX, AeCCaMK and AeCYCLOPS mutations differed between the strains. Notably, ORS86 nodulated these three mutant lines and required for this both ErnA and Sup3. Taken together, these results shed light on how the T3SS-dependent nodulation process is achieved in legumes.},
}
@article {pmid39300859,
year = {2024},
author = {Araújo, TP and Mitchell, S and Pérez-Ramírez, J},
title = {Design Principles of Catalytic Materials for CO2 Hydrogenation to Methanol.},
journal = {Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e2409322},
doi = {10.1002/adma.202409322},
pmid = {39300859},
issn = {1521-4095},
abstract = {Heterogeneous catalysts are essential for thermocatalytic CO2 hydrogenation to methanol, a key route for sustainable production of this vital platform chemical and energy carrier. The primary catalyst families studied include copper-based, indium oxide-based, and mixed zinc-zirconium oxides-based materials. Despite significant progress in their design, research is often compartmentalized, lacking a holistic overview needed to surpass current performance limits. This perspective introduces generalized design principles for catalytic materials in CO2-to-methanol conversion, illustrating how complex architectures with improved functionality can be assembled from simple components (e.g., active phases, supports, and promoters). After reviewing basic concepts in CO2-based methanol synthesis, engineering principles are explored, building in complexity from single to binary and ternary systems. As active nanostructures are complex and strongly depend on their reaction environment, recent progress in operando characterization techniques and machine learning approaches is examined. Finally, common design rules centered around symbiotic interfaces integrating acid-base and redox functions and their role in performance optimization are identified, pinpointing important future directions in catalyst design for CO2 hydrogenation to methanol.},
}
@article {pmid39300313,
year = {2024},
author = {Tang, C and Hu, X and Tang, J and Wang, L and Liu, X and Peng, Y and Xia, Y and Xie, J},
title = {The symbiont Acinetobacter baumannii enhances the insect host resistance to entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae.},
journal = {Communications biology},
volume = {7},
number = {1},
pages = {1184},
pmid = {39300313},
issn = {2399-3642},
mesh = {Animals ; *Metarhizium/physiology/pathogenicity ; *Acinetobacter baumannii/physiology ; *Symbiosis ; *Hemiptera/microbiology/immunology ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; Host-Pathogen Interactions ; Disease Resistance ; },
abstract = {Major symbiotic organisms have evolved to establish beneficial relationships with hosts. However, understanding the interactions between symbionts and insect hosts, particularly for their roles in defense against pathogens, is still limited. In a previous study, we proposed that the fungus Metarhizium anisopliae can infect the brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens, a harmful pest for rice crops. To expand on this, we investigated changes in N. lugens' intestinal commensal community after M. anisopliae infection and identified key gut microbiotas involved. Our results showed significant alterations in gut microbiota abundance and composition at different time points following infection with M. anisopliae. Notably, certain symbionts, like Acinetobacter baumannii, exhibited significant variations in response to the fungal infection. The decrease in these symbionts had a considerable impact on the insect host's survival. Interestingly, reintroducing A. baumannii enhanced the host's resistance to M. anisopliae, emphasizing its role in pathogen defense. Additionally, A. baumannii stimulated host immune responses, as evidenced by increased expression of immune genes after reintroduction. Overall, our findings highlight the significance of preserving a stable gut microbial community for the survival of insects. In specific conditions, the symbiotic microorganism A. baumannii can enhance the host's ability to resist entomopathogenic pathogens through immune regulation.},
}
@article {pmid39300135,
year = {2024},
author = {Sun, X and Wang, Y and Yuan, F and Zhang, Y and Kang, X and Sun, J and Wang, P and Lu, T and Sae Wang, F and Gu, J and Wang, J and Xia, Q and Zheng, A and Zou, Z},
title = {Gut symbiont-derived sphingosine modulates vector competence in Aedes mosquitoes.},
journal = {Nature communications},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {8221},
pmid = {39300135},
issn = {2041-1723},
support = {32370522//National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China)/ ; 82372208//National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China)/ ; },
mesh = {*Aedes/virology/microbiology/drug effects ; Animals ; *Mosquito Vectors/microbiology/virology/drug effects ; *Symbiosis ; *Zika Virus/physiology/drug effects ; *Dengue Virus/drug effects/physiology ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome/drug effects ; *Sphingosine/analogs &amp; derivatives/metabolism/pharmacology ; *Enterobacter/drug effects/physiology ; Zika Virus Infection/transmission/virology ; Dengue/transmission/virology/prevention &amp; control ; Female ; Virus Internalization/drug effects ; Humans ; },
abstract = {The main vectors of Zika virus (ZIKV) and dengue virus (DENV) are Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus, with Ae. aegypti being more competent. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we find Ae. albopictus shows comparable vector competence to ZIKV/DENV with Ae. aegypti by blood-feeding after antibiotic treatment or intrathoracic injection. This suggests that midgut microbiota can influence vector competence. Enterobacter hormaechei_B17 (Eh_B17) is isolated from field-collected Ae. albopictus and conferred resistance to ZIKV/DENV infection in Ae. aegypti after gut-transplantation. Sphingosine, a metabolite secreted by Eh_B17, effectively suppresses ZIKV infection in both Ae. aegypti and cell cultures by blocking viral entry during the fusion step, with an IC50 of approximately 10 μM. A field survey reveals that Eh_B17 preferentially colonizes Ae. albopictus compared to Ae. aegypti. And field Ae. albopictus positive for Eh_B17 are more resistant to ZIKV infection. These findings underscore the potential of gut symbiotic bacteria, such as Eh_B17, to modulate the arbovirus vector competence of Aedes mosquitoes. As a natural antiviral agent, Eh_B17 holds promise as a potential candidate for blocking ZIKV/DENV transmission.},
}
@article {pmid39299117,
year = {2024},
author = {Li, R and Li, H and Zhang, C and Guo, J and Liu, Z and Hou, Y and Han, Y and Zhang, D and Song, Y},
title = {The corncobs-loaded iron nanoparticles enhanced mechanism of denitrification performance in microalgal-bacterial aggregates system when treating low COD/TN wastewater.},
journal = {Journal of environmental management},
volume = {370},
number = {},
pages = {122547},
doi = {10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.122547},
pmid = {39299117},
issn = {1095-8630},
abstract = {To improve denitrification efficiency of microalgal-bacterial aggregates (MABAs) when treating low carbon to nitrogen (C/N) ratio wastewater, CK (the biological control), C1 (untreated corncobs), C2 (alkali-treated corncobs), CFe1 (C1 loaded iron nanoparticles) and CFe2 (C2 loaded iron nanoparticles) five groups of experiments were installed under artificial light (1600 lm). After 36 h of experiment, NO3[-]-N was almost completely converted in CFe1 following by CFe2 when the initial concentration was 60.1 mg/L, whose NO3[-]-N conversion rates were 6.2 and 3.4 times faster than the CK group, respectively. The result showed that the corncobs-loaded iron nanoparticles (CFe1, CFe2) had the potential to promote denitrification process and the CFe1 was more effective. Meanwhile, the CFe1 and CFe2 resulted in a decreased content in extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) secretion because iron nanoparticles (Fes) promoted electron transport and alleviated the nitrate stress. Moreover, the electrochemical analysis of EPS showed that the corncobs and corncobs-loaded iron nanoparticles improved the electron transport rate and redox active substances production. The increase in electron transport activity (ETSA), adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) also indicated that the CFe1 and CFe2 promoted microbial metabolic activity and the electron transport rate in MABAs. In addition, the CFe1 group enhanced the enrichment of Proteobacteria, Patescibacteria, Chlorophyta and Ignavibacteriae, which was contributed to the nitrogen removal performance of MABAs. In summary, the enhancement mechanism of corncobs-loaded iron nanoparticles on denitrification process of MABAs was depicted through EPS secretion, electrochemical characteristics, microbial metabolic activity and microbial community. The article provides a viable program for enhancing the denitrification performance of MABAs when treating low C/N wastewater.},
}
@article {pmid39297005,
year = {2024},
author = {Alquichire-Rojas, S and Escobar, E and Bascuñán-Godoy, L and González-Teuber, M},
title = {Root symbiotic fungi improve nitrogen transfer and morpho-physiological performance in Chenopodium quinoa.},
journal = {Frontiers in plant science},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1386234},
pmid = {39297005},
issn = {1664-462X},
abstract = {Root-associated fungal endophytes may facilitate nitrogen (N) absorption in plants, leading to benefits in photosynthesis and growth. Here, we investigated whether endophytic insect pathogenic fungi (EIPF) are capable of transferring soil N to the crop species Chenopodium quinoa. We evaluated nutrient uptake, carbon allocation, and morpho-physiological performance in C. quinoa in symbiosis with two different EIPF (Beauveria and Metarhizium) under contrasting soil N supply. A controlled experiment was conducted using two plant groups: (1) plants subjected to low N level (5 mM urea) and (2) plants subjected to high N level (15 mM urea). Plants from each group were then inoculated with different EIPF strains, either Beauveria (EIPF1+), Metarhizium (EIPF2+) or without fungus (EIPF-). Differences in N and C content, amino acids, proteins, soluble sugars, starch, glutamine synthetase, glutamate dehydrogenase, and physiological (photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, transpiration), and morphological performance between plant groups under each treatment were examined. We found that both Beauveria and Metarhizium translocated N from the soil to the roots of C. quinoa, with positive effects on photosynthesis and plant growth. These effects, however, were differentially affected by fungal strain as well as by N level. Additionally, an improvement in root C and sugar content was observed in presence of EIPF, suggesting translocation of carbohydrates from leaves to roots. Whereas both strains were equally effective in N transfer to roots, Beauveria seemed to exert less demand in C. quinoa for photosynthesis-derived carbohydrates compared to Metarhizium. Our study revealed positive effects of EIPF on N transfer and morpho-physiological performance in crops, highlighting the potential of these fungi as an alternative to chemical fertilizers in agriculture systems.},
}
@article {pmid39296285,
year = {2024},
author = {Wang, X and Huangfu, N and Chen, L and Zhang, K and Li, D and Gao, X and Li, B and Wang, L and Zhu, X and Ji, J and Luo, J and Cui, J},
title = {Effects of developmental stages, sex difference, and diet types of the host marmalade hoverfly (Episyrphus balteatus) on symbiotic bacteria.},
journal = {Frontiers in microbiology},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1433909},
pmid = {39296285},
issn = {1664-302X},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Symbiotic bacteria play key roles in a variety of important life processes of insects such as development, reproduction and environmental adaptation, and the elucidation of symbiont population structure and dynamics is crucial for revealing the underlying regulatory mechanisms. The marmalade hoverfly (Episyrphus balteatus) is not only a remarkable aphid predator, but also a worldwide pollinator second to honeybees. However, its symbiont composition and dynamics remain unclear.<br><br>METHODS: Herein, we investigate the symbiotic bacterial dynamics in marmalade hoverfly throughout whole life cycle, across two sexes, and in its prey Megoura crassicauda by 16S rRNA sequencing.<br><br>RESULTS: In general, the dominant phyla were Proteobacteria and Firmicutes, and the dominant genera were Serratia and Wolbachia. Serratia mainly existed in the larval stage of hoverfly with the highest relative abundance of 86.24% in the 1st instar larvae. Wolbachia was found in adults and eggs with the highest relative abundance of 62.80% in eggs. Significant difference in species diversity was observed between the adults feeding on pollen and larvae feeding on M. crassicauda, in which the dominant symbiotic bacteria were Asaia and Serratia, respectively. However, between two sexes, the symbionts exhibited high similarity in species composition. In addition, our results suggested that E. balteatus obtainded Serratia mainly through horizontal transmission by feeding on prey aphids, whereas it acquired Wolbachia mainly through intergeneration vertical transmission. Taken together, our study revealed the effects of development stages, diet types and genders of E. balteatus on symbionts, and explored transmission modes of dominant bacteria Serratia and Wolbachia.<br><br>DISCUSSION: Our findings lay a foundation for further studying the roles of symbiotic bacteria in E. balteatus life cycle, which will benefit for revealing the co-adaptation mechanisms of insects and symbiotic bacteria.},
}
@article {pmid39294800,
year = {2024},
author = {Seeliger, M and Hilton, S and Muscatt, G and Walker, C and Bass, D and Albornoz, F and Standish, RJ and Gray, ND and Mercy, L and Rempelos, L and Schneider, C and Ryan, MH and Bilsborrow, PE and Bending, GD},
title = {New fungal primers reveal the diversity of Mucoromycotinian arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and their response to nitrogen application.},
journal = {Environmental microbiome},
volume = {19},
number = {1},
pages = {71},
pmid = {39294800},
issn = {2524-6372},
support = {722642//European Commission/ ; 722642//European Commission/ ; 722642//European Commission/ ; 722642//European Commission/ ; 722642//European Commission/ ; 722642//European Commission/ ; NE/S010270/1//Natural Environment Research Council/ ; NE/S010270/1//Natural Environment Research Council/ ; NE/S010270/1//Natural Environment Research Council/ ; NE/S010270/1//Natural Environment Research Council/ ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Arbuscular mycorrhizas (AM) are the most widespread terrestrial symbiosis and are both a key determinant of plant health and a major contributor to ecosystem processes through their role in biogeochemical cycling. Until recently, it was assumed that the fungi which form AM comprise the subphylum Glomeromycotina (G-AMF), and our understanding of the diversity and ecosystem roles of AM is based almost exclusively on this group. However recent evidence shows that fungi which form the distinctive 'fine root endophyte' (FRE) AM morphotype are members of the subphylum Mucoromycotina (M-AMF), so that AM symbioses are actually formed by two distinct groups of fungi.<br><br>RESULTS: We investigated the influence of nitrogen (N) addition and wheat variety on the assembly of AM communities under field conditions. Visual assessment of roots showed co-occurrence of G-AMF and M-AMF, providing an opportunity to compare the responses of these two groups. Existing 'AM' 18S rRNA primers which co-amplify G-AMF and M-AMF were modified to reduce bias against Mucoromycotina, and compared against a new 'FRE' primer set which selectively amplifies Mucoromycotina. Using the AM-primers, no significant effect of either N-addition or wheat variety on G-AMF or M-AMF diversity or community composition was detected. In contrast, using the FRE-primers, N-addition was shown to reduce M-AMF diversity and altered community composition. The ASV which responded to N-addition were closely related, demonstrating a clear phylogenetic signal which was identified only by the new FRE-primers. The most abundant Mucoromycotina sequences we detected belonged to the same Endogonales clades as dominant sequences associated with FRE morphology in Australia, indicating that closely related M-AMF may be globally distributed.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: The results demonstrate the need to consider both G-AMF and M-AMF when investigating AM communities, and highlight the importance of primer choice when investigating AMF community dynamics.},
}
@article {pmid39294161,
year = {2024},
author = {Yang, X and Song, W and Liao, K and Wang, X and Wang, X and Zhang, J and Wang, H and Chen, Y and Yan, N and Han, X and Ding, J and Hu, W},
title = {Cohesive energy discrepancy drives the fabrication of multimetallic atomically dispersed materials for hydrogen evolution reaction.},
journal = {Nature communications},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {8216},
pmid = {39294161},
issn = {2041-1723},
support = {52122107//National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China)/ ; },
abstract = {Atomically dispersed single atom (SA) and atomic cluster (AC) metallic materials attract tremendous attentions in various fields. Expanding monometallic SA and AC to multimetallic SA/AC composites opens vast scientific and technological potentials yet exponentially increasing the synthesis difficulty. Here, we present a general energy-selective-clustering methodology to build the largest reported library of carbon supported bi-/multi-metallic SA/AC materials. The discrepancy in cohesive energy results into selective metal clustering thereby driving the symbiosis of multimetallic SA or/and AC. The library includes 23 bimetallic SA/AC composites, and expanded compositional space of 17 trimetallic, quinary-metallic, septenary-metallic SA/AC composites. We chose bimetallic M[1]SAM[2]AC to demonstrate the electrocatalysis utility. Unique decoupled active sites and inter-site synergy lead to 8/47 mV overpotential at 10 mA cm[-2] for alkaline/acidic hydrogen evolution and over 1000 h durability in water electrolyzer. Moreover, delicate modulations towards composition and configuration yield high-performance catalysts for multiple electrocatalysis systems. Our work broadens the family of atomically dispersed materials from monometallic to multimetallic and provides a platform to explore the complex composition induced unconventional effects.},
}
@article {pmid39292875,
year = {2024},
author = {Zhang, Z and Shi, W and Gu, J and Song, S and Xiao, M and Yao, J and Liu, Y and Jiang, J and Miao, M},
title = {Short day promotes gall swelling by a CONSTANS-FLOWERING LOCUS T pathway in Zizania latifolia.},
journal = {The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/tpj.17033},
pmid = {39292875},
issn = {1365-313X},
support = {JATS [2023] 452//Jiangsu Agriculture Research System/ ; CX (20) 3104//Jiangsu Provincial Agricultural Science and Technology Independent Innovation Fund/ ; },
abstract = {"Jiaobai" is a symbiont of Zizania latifolia and Ustilago esculenta, producing fleshy galls as a popular vegetable in South and East Asia. Current "Jiaobai" cultivars exhibit abundant variation in their gall formation date; however, the underlying mechanism is not clear. In this study, a strict short-day (SD) "Jiaobai" line "YD-3" was used. Plants were treated with two day-length regimes [14 h/10 h (day/night) (control) and 8 h/16 h (day/night) (SD)] from 100 to 130 days after planting. The gall swelling rate of the two treatments and another early SD treatment (from 60 to 90 days after planting), together with the contingent flowering plants in the experiment population, revealed that SD can improve both gall enlargement and flowering of "Jiaobai" plants. Comparison of RNA sequencing data among control, SD swelling, and SD flowering treatments of leaves and meristems indicated that SD promotion of "Jiaobai" swelling is conducted by the CONSTANS (CO)-FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) pathway, similar but not identical to the SD-induced flowering pathway in Z latifolia and rice. "Virus-induced gene silencing", "Yeast one-hybrid assay" and "Dual-luciferase assay" showed that a FT gene, ZlGsd1, is critical in SD promotion of gall formation and is positively regulated by a CO gene, ZlCOL1. Our study elucidated how photoperiod affects the formation of a unique organ produced by plant-fungus symbiosis. The difference in SD response between "Jiaobai" and rice, as well as their potential applications in breeding of "Jiaobai" and rice, were also discussed.},
}
@article {pmid39292810,
year = {2024},
author = {Pang, L and Zhou, F and Chen, P},
title = {Lipid-laden macrophages recycle myelin to feed glioblastoma.},
journal = {Cancer research},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-24-3362},
pmid = {39292810},
issn = {1538-7445},
abstract = {Tumor-associated microglia and macrophages (TAMs) make up the largest immune cell population in the glioblastoma (GBM) tumor microenvironment (TME). Given the heterogeneity and plasticity of TAMs in the GBM TME, understanding the context-dependent cancer cell-TAM symbiotic interaction is crucial for understanding GBM biology and developing effective therapies. In a recent issue of Cell, Kloosterman and colleagues identified a subpopulation of GPNMBhigh lipid-laden microglia and macrophages (LLMs) in GBM. Mesenchymal-like (MES-like) GBM cells help to generate the LLM phenotype. Reciprocally, LLMs are epigenetically rewired to recycle myelin and transfer the lipid from myelin to cancer cells, fueling MES-like GBM progression in an LXR/ABCA1-dependent manner. Together, leveraging LLMs opens new therapeutic possibilities for rewiring the metabolism-mediated tumor-TAM interaction during GBM progression.},
}
@article {pmid39292785,
year = {2024},
author = {Mani, A and Henn, C and Couch, C and Patel, S and Lieke, T and Chan, JTH and Korytar, T and Salinas, I},
title = {A brain microbiome in salmonids at homeostasis.},
journal = {Science advances},
volume = {10},
number = {38},
pages = {eado0277},
pmid = {39292785},
issn = {2375-2548},
mesh = {Animals ; *Brain/microbiology ; *Homeostasis ; *Microbiota ; *Salmonidae/microbiology ; *Bacteria/classification/genetics/isolation &amp; purification ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics ; Phylogeny ; },
abstract = {Ectotherms have peculiar relationships with microorganisms. For instance, bacteria are recovered from the blood and internal organs of healthy teleosts. However, the presence of microbial communities in the healthy teleost brain has not been proposed. Here, we report a living bacterial community in the brain of healthy salmonids with bacterial loads comparable to those of the spleen and 1000-fold lower than in the gut. Brain bacterial communities share >50% of their diversity with gut and blood bacterial communities. Using culturomics, we obtained 54 bacterial isolates from the brains of healthy trout. Comparative genomics suggests that brain bacteria may have adaptations for niche colonization and polyamine biosynthesis. In a natural system, Chinook salmon brain microbiomes shift from juveniles to reproductively mature adults. Our study redefines the physiological relationships between the brain and bacteria in teleosts. This symbiosis may endow salmonids with a direct mechanism to sense and respond to environmental microbes.},
}
@article {pmid39291985,
year = {2024},
author = {Noda, T and Mizutani, M and Harumoto, T and Katsuno, T and Koga, R and Fukatsu, T},
title = {Frequent and asymmetric cell division in endosymbiotic bacteria of cockroaches.},
journal = {Applied and environmental microbiology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e0146624},
doi = {10.1128/aem.01466-24},
pmid = {39291985},
issn = {1098-5336},
abstract = {Many insects are obligatorily associated with and dependent on specific microbial species as essential mutualistic partners. In the host insects, such microbial mutualists are usually maintained in specialized cells or organs, called bacteriocytes or symbiotic organs. Hence, potentially exponential microbial growth cannot be realized but must be strongly constrained by spatial and resource limitations within the host cells or tissues. How such endosymbiotic bacteria grow, divide, and proliferate is important for understanding the interactions and dynamics underpinning intimate host-microbe symbiotic associations. Here we report that Blattabacterium, the ancient and essential endosymbiont of cockroaches, exhibits unexpectedly high rates of cell division (20%-58%) and, in addition, the cell division is asymmetric (average asymmetry index >1.5) when isolated from the German cockroach Blattella germanica. The asymmetric division of endosymbiont cells at high frequencies was observed irrespective of host tissues (fat bodies vs ovaries) or developmental stages (adults vs nymphs vs embryos) of B. germanica, and also observed in several different cockroach species. By contrast, such asymmetric and frequent cell division was observed neither in Buchnera, the obligatory bacterial endosymbiont of aphids, nor in Pantoea, the obligatory bacterial gut symbiont of stinkbugs. Comparative genomics of cell division-related genes uncovered that the Blattabacterium genome lacks the Min system genes that determine the cell division plane, which may be relevant to asymmetric cell division. These observations combined with comparative symbiont genomics provide insight into what processes and regulations may underpin the growth, division, and proliferation of such bacterial mutualists continuously constrained under within-host conditions.IMPORTANCEDiverse insects are dependent on specific bacterial mutualists for their survival and reproduction. Due to the long-lasting coevolutionary history, such symbiotic bacteria tend to exhibit degenerative genomes and suffer uncultivability. Because of their microbiological fastidiousness, the cell division patterns of such uncultivable symbiotic bacteria have been poorly described. Here, using fine microscopic and quantitative morphometric approaches, we report that, although bacterial cell division usually proceeds through symmetric binary fission, Blattabacterium, the ancient and essential endosymbiont of cockroaches, exhibits frequent and asymmetric cell division. Such peculiar cell division patterns were not observed with other uncultivable essential symbiotic bacteria of aphids and stinkbugs. Gene repertoire analysis revealed that the molecular machinery for regulating the bacterial cell division plane are lost in the Blattabacterium genome, suggesting the possibility that the general trend toward the reductive genome evolution of symbiotic bacteria may underpin their bizarre cytological/morphological traits.},
}
@article {pmid39291984,
year = {2024},
author = {Chen, JZ and Junker, A and Zheng, I and Gerardo, NM and Vega, NM},
title = {A strong priority effect in the assembly of a specialized insect-microbe symbiosis.},
journal = {Applied and environmental microbiology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e0081824},
doi = {10.1128/aem.00818-24},
pmid = {39291984},
issn = {1098-5336},
abstract = {UNLABELLED: Specialized host-microbe symbioses are ecological communities, whose composition is shaped by various processes. Microbial community assembly in these symbioses is determined in part by interactions between taxa that colonize ecological niches available within habitat patches. The outcomes of these interactions, and by extension the trajectory of community assembly, can display priority effects-dependency on the order in which taxa first occupy these niches. The underlying mechanisms of these phenomena vary from system to system and are often not well resolved. Here, we characterize priority effects in colonization of the squash bug (Anasa tristis) by bacterial symbionts from the genus Caballeronia, using pairs of strains that are known to strongly compete during host colonization, as well as strains that are isogenic and thus functionally identical. By introducing symbiont strains into individual bugs in a sequential manner, we show that within-host populations established by the first colonist are extremely resistant to invasion, regardless of strain identity and competitive interactions. By knocking down the population of an initial colonist with antibiotics, we further show that colonization success by the second symbiont is still diminished even when space in the symbiotic organ is available and ostensibly accessible for colonization. We speculate that resident symbionts exclude subsequent infections by manipulating the host environment, partially but not exclusively by eliciting tissue remodeling of the symbiont organ.<br><br>IMPORTANCE: Host-associated microbial communities underpin critical ecosystem processes and human health, and their ability to do so is determined in turn by the various processes that shape their composition. While selection deterministically acts on competing genotypes and species during community assembly, the manner by which selection determines the trajectory of community assembly can differ depending on the sequence by which taxa are established within that community. We document this phenomenon, known as a priority effect, during experimental colonization of a North American insect pest, the squash bug Anasa tristis, by its betaproteobacterial symbionts in the genus Caballeronia. Our study demonstrates how stark, strain-level variation can emerge in specialized host-microbe symbioses simply through differences in the order by which strains colonize the host. Understanding the mechanistic drivers of community structure in host-associated microbiomes can highlight both pitfalls and opportunities for the engineering of these communities and their constituent taxa for societal benefit.},
}
@article {pmid39291456,
year = {2024},
author = {Eterovick, PC and Schmidt, R and Sabino-Pinto, J and Yang, C and Künzel, S and Ruthsatz, K},
title = {The microbiome at the interface between environmental stress and animal health: an example from the most threatened vertebrate group.},
journal = {Proceedings. Biological sciences},
volume = {291},
number = {2031},
pages = {20240917},
pmid = {39291456},
issn = {1471-2954},
support = {//H2020 Marie Sk&#x142;odowska-Curie Actions/ ; //Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Stress, Physiological ; Nitrates/metabolism ; Larva/microbiology/physiology/growth &amp; development ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; Microbiota ; },
abstract = {Nitrate pollution and global warming are ubiquitous stressors likely to interact and affect the health and survival of wildlife, particularly aquatic ectotherms. Animal health is largely influenced by its microbiome (commensal/symbiotic microorganisms), which responds to such stressors. We used a crossed experimental design including three nitrate levels and five temperature regimes to investigate their interactive and individual effects on an aquatic ectotherm, the European common frog. We associated health biomarkers in larvae with changes in gut bacteria diversity and composition. Larvae experienced higher stress levels and lower body condition under high temperatures and nitrate exposure. Developmental rate increased with temperature but decreased with nitrate pollution. Alterations in bacteria composition but not diversity are likely to correlate with the observed outcomes in larvae health. Leucine degradation decreased at higher temperatures corroborating accelerated development, nitrate degradation increased with nitrate level corroborating reduced body condition and an increase in lysine biosynthesis may have helped larvae deal with the combined effects of both stressors. These results reinforce the importance of associating traditional health biomarkers with underlying microbiome changes. Therefore, we urge studies to investigate the effects of environmental stressors on microbiome composition and consequences for host health in a world threatened by biodiversity loss.},
}
@article {pmid39290740,
year = {2024},
author = {Zadegan, SB and Kim, W and Abbas, HMK and Kim, S and Krishnan, HB and Hewezi, T},
title = {Differential symbiotic compatibilities between rhizobium strains and cultivated and wild soybeans revealed by anatomical and transcriptome analyses.},
journal = {Frontiers in plant science},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1435632},
pmid = {39290740},
issn = {1664-462X},
abstract = {Various species of rhizobium establish compatible symbiotic relationships with soybean (Glycine max) leading to the formation of nitrogen-fixing nodules in roots. The formation of functional nodules is mediated through complex developmental and transcriptional reprogramming that involves the activity of thousands of plant genes. However, host transcriptome that differentiate between functional or non-functional nodules remain largely unexplored. In this study, we investigated differential compatibilities between rhizobium strains (Bradyrhizobium diazoefficiens USDA110 Bradyrhizobium sp. strain LVM105) and cultivated and wild soybeans. The nodulation assays revealed that both USDA110 and LVM105 strains effectively nodulate G. soja but only USDA110 can form symbiotic relationships with Williams 82. LVM105 formed pseudonodules on Williams 82 that consist of a central nodule-like mass that are devoid of any rhizobia. RNA-seq data revealed that USDA110 and LVM105 induce distinct transcriptome programing in functional mature nodules formed on G. soja roots, where genes involved in nucleosome assembly, DNA replication, regulation of cell cycle, and defense responses play key roles. Transcriptome comparison also suggested that activation of genes associated with cell wall biogenesis and organization and defense responses together with downregulation of genes involved in the biosynthesis of isoprenoids and antioxidant stress are associated with the formation of non-functional nodules on Williams 82 roots. Moreover, our analysis implies that increased activity of genes involved in oxygen binding, amino acid transport, and nitrate transport differentiates between fully-developed nodules in cultivated versus wild soybeans.},
}
@article {pmid39290663,
year = {2024},
author = {Menge, DNL and Wolf, AA and Funk, JL and Perakis, SS and Carreras Pereira, KA},
title = {Nitrogen fixation and fertilization have similar effects on biomass allocation in nitrogen-fixing plants.},
journal = {Ecology and evolution},
volume = {14},
number = {9},
pages = {e70309},
pmid = {39290663},
issn = {2045-7758},
abstract = {Plants adjust their allocation to different organs based on nutrient supply. In some plant species, symbioses with nitrogen-fixing bacteria that live in root nodules provide an alternate pathway for nitrogen acquisition. Does access to nitrogen-fixing bacteria modify plants' biomass allocation? We hypothesized that access to nitrogen-fixing bacteria would have the same effect on allocation to aboveground versus belowground tissues as access to plentiful soil nitrogen. To test this hypothesis and related hypotheses about allocation to stems versus leaves and roots versus nodules, we conducted experiments with 15 species of nitrogen-fixing plants in two separate greenhouses. In each, we grew seedlings with and without access to symbiotic bacteria across a wide gradient of soil nitrogen supply. As is common, uninoculated plants allocated relatively less biomass belowground when they had more soil nitrogen. As we hypothesized, nitrogen fixation had a similar effect as the highest level of fertilization on allocation aboveground versus belowground. Both nitrogen fixation and high fertilization led to ~10% less biomass allocated belowground (~10% more aboveground) than the uninoculated, lowest fertilization treatment. Fertilization reduced allocation to nodules relative to roots. The responses for allocation of aboveground tissues to leaves versus stems were not as consistent across greenhouses or species as the other allocation trends, though more nitrogen fixation consistently led to relatively more allocation to leaves when soil nitrogen supply was low. Synthesis: Our results suggest that symbiotic nitrogen fixation causes seedlings to allocate relatively less biomass belowground, with potential implications for competition and carbon storage in early forest development.},
}
@article {pmid39290075,
year = {2024},
author = {Sato, H and Lain, A and Mizuno, T and Yamashita, S and Hassan, JB and Othman, KB and Itioka, T},
title = {Host preference explains the high endemism of ectomycorrhizal fungi in a dipterocarp rainforest.},
journal = {Molecular ecology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e17529},
doi = {10.1111/mec.17529},
pmid = {39290075},
issn = {1365-294X},
support = {JPMJSA190//Science and Technology Research Partnership for Sustainable Development/ ; 20K06796//Japan Society for the Promotion of Science/ ; },
abstract = {Ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi are important tree symbionts within forests. The biogeography of ECM fungi remains to be investigated because it is challenging to observe and identify species. Because most ECM plant taxa have a Holarctic distribution, it is difficult to evaluate the extent to which host preference restricts the global distribution of ECM fungi. To address this issue, we aimed to assess whether host preference enhances the endemism of ECM fungi that inhabit dipterocarp rainforests. Highly similar sequences of 175 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) for ECM fungi that were obtained from Lambir Hill's National Park, Sarawak, Malaysia, were searched for in a nucleotide sequence database. Using a two-step binomial model, the probability of presence for the query OTUs and the registration rate of barcode sequences in each country were simultaneously estimated. The results revealed that the probability of presence in the respective countries increased with increasing species richness of Dipterocarpaceae and decreasing geographical distance from the study site (i.e. Lambir). Furthermore, most of the ECM fungi were shown to be endemic to Malaysia and neighbouring countries. These findings suggest that not only dispersal limitation but also host preference are responsible for the high endemism of ECM fungi in dipterocarp rainforests. Moreover, host preference likely determines the areas where ECM fungi potentially expand and dispersal limitation creates distance-decay patterns within suitable habitats. Although host preference has received less attention than dispersal limitation, our findings support that host preference has a profound influence on the global distribution of ECM fungi.},
}
@article {pmid39289494,
year = {2024},
author = {Paluch-Lubawa, E and Polcyn, W},
title = {Tissue-specific accumulation of PIP aquaporins of a particular heteromeric composition is part of the maize response to mycorrhiza and drought.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {14},
number = {1},
pages = {21712},
pmid = {39289494},
issn = {2045-2322},
support = {2011/01/B/NZ9/00362//Narodowym Centrum Nauki/ ; DFS.VI.052.4.17.6//European Social Fund Plus/ ; },
mesh = {*Zea mays/metabolism/microbiology ; *Aquaporins/metabolism ; *Droughts ; *Mycorrhizae/metabolism/physiology ; *Plant Roots/metabolism/microbiology ; *Plant Leaves/metabolism/microbiology ; *Plant Proteins/metabolism ; Stress, Physiological ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Water/metabolism ; Organ Specificity ; },
abstract = {The systemic coordination of accumulation of plasma membrane aquaporins (PIP) was investigated in this study in relation to mycorrhized maize response to a rapid development of severe drought followed by rewatering. In non-mycorrhizal roots, drought led to a drop in PIP abundance, followed by a transient increase under rewatering, whereas leaves showed an opposite pattern. In contrast, mycorrhiza contributed to maintenance of high and stable levels of PIPs in both plant organs after an initial increase, prolonged over the irrigation period. Isoelectric focusing electrophoresis resolved up to 13 aquaporin complexes with highly reproducible pl positions across leaf and root samples, symbiotic and non-symbiotic, stressed or not. Mass spectrometry recognized in leaves and roots a different ratio of PIP1 and PIP2 subunits within 2D spots that accumulated the most. Regardless of symbiotic status, drought regulation of aquaporins in roots was manifested as the prevalence of complexes that comprise almost exclusively PIP2 monomers. In contrast, the leaf response involved enrichment in PIP1s. PIP1s are thought to enhance water transport, facilitate CO2 diffusion but also affect stomatal movements. These features, together with elevated aquaporin levels, might explain a stress tolerance mechanism observed in mycorrhizal plants, resulting in faster recovery of stomatal water conductance and CO2 assimilation rate after drought.},
}
@article {pmid39287858,
year = {2024},
author = {Engin, ED},
title = {Microbiota and Lipotoxicity.},
journal = {Advances in experimental medicine and biology},
volume = {1460},
number = {},
pages = {357-372},
pmid = {39287858},
issn = {0065-2598},
mesh = {Humans ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome/physiology ; *Dysbiosis ; *Metabolic Syndrome/microbiology/metabolism ; *Obesity/microbiology/metabolism ; Animals ; Lipid Metabolism ; Inflammation/metabolism/microbiology ; Adipose Tissue/metabolism/immunology ; },
abstract = {Gut microbiota is an indispensable commensal partner of human superorganism. The wealth of genetic repertoire provided by these microorganisms extends host's substrate processing capability. Energy and nutrient harvesting machinery primarily depends on the proper function of these organisms. However, the dynamic composition of microbiota changes with age, lifestyle, stress factors, infections, medications, and host pathophysiological conditions. Host immune system is primarily responsible for shaping up the microbial community and sustaining the symbiotic state. This involves controlling the delicate balance between agility toward pathobionts and tolerance toward symbionts. When things go wrong with this crosstalk, dysbiosis may arise.Metabolic syndrome is a multisystemic, low-grade chronic inflammatory disease that involves dyslipidemia, glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, and central obesity. Excess caloric intake with high-sugar and high-fat diet promote high energy harvesting and lipogenesis. The secretion of adipokines accompanies lipid spillover from fat cells, which contribute to insulin resistance and the expansion of adipose tissue in ectopic sites. Proinflammatory cytokines from adipose tissue macrophages increase the extent of adipose dysfunction.The inflammatory nature of obesity and metabolic syndrome recall the connection between dysbiosis and immune dysfunction. A remarkable association exits between obesity, inflammatory bowel disease, gluten-sensitive enteropathy, and dysbiosis. These conditions compromise the gut mucosa barrier and allow lipopolysaccharide to enter circulation. Unresolved chronic inflammation caused by one condition may overlap or trigger the other(s). Experimental studies and therapeutic trials of fecal microbiota transplantation promise limited improvement in some of these conditions.Typically, metabolic syndrome is considered as a consequence of overnutrition and the vicious cycle of lipogenesis, lipid accumulation, and chronic low-level inflammation. Because of the complex nature of this disorder, it remains inconclusive whether dysbiosis is a cause or consequence of obesity and metabolic syndrome.},
}
@article {pmid39287372,
year = {2024},
author = {Liu, S and Wang, X and Tang, X and Fang, W},
title = {Histone deacetylase HDAC3 regulates ergosterol production for oxidative stress tolerance in the entomopathogenic and endophytic fungus Metarhizium robertsii.},
journal = {mSystems},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e0095324},
doi = {10.1128/msystems.00953-24},
pmid = {39287372},
issn = {2379-5077},
abstract = {Oxidative stress is encountered by fungi in almost all niches, resulting in fungal degeneration or even death. Fungal tolerance to oxidative stress has been extensively studied, but the current understanding of the mechanisms regulating oxidative stress tolerance in fungi remains limited. The entomopathogenic and endophytic fungus Metarhizium robertsii encounters oxidative stress when it infects insects and develops a symbiotic relationship with plants, and we found that host reactive oxygen species (ROSs) greatly limited fungal growth in both insects and plants. We identified a histone H3 deacetylase (HDAC3) that catalyzed the deacetylation of lysine 56 of histone H3. Deleting Hdac3 significantly reduced the tolerance of M. robertsii to oxidative stress from insects and plants, thereby decreasing fungal ability to colonize the insect hemocoel and plant roots. HDAC3 achieved this by regulating the expression of three genes in the ergosterol biosynthesis pathway, which includes the lanosterol synthase gene Las1. The deletion of Hdac3 or Las1 reduced the ergosterol content and impaired cell membrane integrity. This resulted in an increase in ROS accumulation in fungal cells that were thus more sensitive to oxidative stress. We further showed that HDAC3 regulated the expression of the three ergosterol biosynthesis genes in an indirect manner. Our work significantly advances insights into the epigenetic regulation of oxidative stress tolerance and the interactions between M. robertsii and its plant and insect hosts.IMPORTANCEOxidative stress is a common challenge encountered by fungi that have evolved sophisticated mechanisms underlying tolerance to this stress. Although fungal tolerance to oxidative stress has been extensively investigated, the current understanding of the mechanisms for fungi to regulate oxidative stress tolerance remains limited. In the model entomopathogenic and plant symbiotic fungus Metarhizium robertsii, we found that the histone H3 deacetylase HDAC3 regulates the production of ergosterol, an essential cell membrane component. This maintains the cell membrane integrity to resist the oxidative stress derived from the insect and plant hosts for successful infection of insects and development of symbiotic associates with plants. Our work provides significant insights into the regulation of oxidative stress tolerance in M. robertsii and its interactions with insects and plants.},
}
@article {pmid39286964,
year = {2024},
author = {Zhang, D and Di, Q and Gui, J and Li, Q and Mysore, KS and Wen, J and Luo, L and Yu, L},
title = {Tyrosylprotein Sulfotransferase Positively Regulates Symbiotic Nodulation and Root Growth.},
journal = {Plant, cell &amp; environment},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/pce.15154},
pmid = {39286964},
issn = {1365-3040},
support = {//This study was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China and State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture (Grants 31500197 and SKLSS-KF2023-01)./ ; },
abstract = {Posttranslational tyrosine sulfation of peptides and proteins is catalysed by tyrosylprotein sulfotransferases (TPSTs). In Arabidopsis, tyrosine sulfation is essential for the activities of peptide hormones, such as phytosulfokine (PSK) and root meristem growth factor (RGF). Here, we identified a TPST-encoding gene, MtTPST, from model legume Medicago truncatula. MtTPST expression was detected in all organs, with the highest level in root nodules. A promoter:GUS assay revealed that MtTPST was highly expressed in the root apical meristem, nodule primordium and nodule apical meristem. The loss-of-function mutant mttpst exhibited a stunted phenotype with short roots and reduced nodule number and size. Application of both of the sulfated peptides PSK and RGF3 partially restored the defective root length of mttpst. The reduction in symbiotic nodulation in mttpst was partially recovered by treatment with sulfated PSK peptide. MtTPST-PSK module functions downstream of the Nod factor signalling to promote nodule initiation via regulating accumulation and/or signalling of cytokinin and auxin. Additionally, the small-nodule phenotype of mttpst, which resulted from decreased apical meristematic activity, was partially complemented by sulfated RGF3 treatment. Together, these results demonstrate that MtTPST, through its substrates PSK, RGF3 and other sulfated peptide(s), positively regulates nodule development and root growth.},
}
@article {pmid39286492,
year = {2024},
author = {Kouraki, A and Zheng, AS and Miller, S and Kelly, A and Ashraf, W and Bazzani, D and Bonadiman, A and Tonidandel, G and Bolzan, M and Vijay, A and Nightingale, J and Menni, C and Ollivere, BJ and Valdes, AM},
title = {Metagenomic changes in response to antibiotic treatment in severe orthopedic trauma patients.},
journal = {iScience},
volume = {27},
number = {9},
pages = {110783},
pmid = {39286492},
issn = {2589-0042},
abstract = {We investigated changes in microbiome composition and abundance of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes post-antibiotic treatment in severe trauma patients. Shotgun sequencing revealed beta diversity (Bray-Curtis) differences between 16 hospitalized multiple rib fractures patients and 10 age- and sex-matched controls (p = 0.043), and between antibiotic-treated and untreated patients (p = 0.015). Antibiotic-treated patients had lower alpha diversity (Shannon) at discharge (p = 0.003) and 12-week post-discharge (p = 0.007). At 12 weeks, they also exhibited a 5.50-fold (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.86-8.15) increase in Escherichia coli (p = 0.0004) compared to controls. Differential analysis identified nine AMRs that increased in antibiotic-treated compared to untreated patients between hospital discharge and 6 and 12 weeks follow-up (false discovery rate [FDR] < 0.20). Two aminoglycoside genes and a beta-lactamase gene were directly related to antibiotics administered, while five were unrelated. In trauma patients, lower alpha diversity, higher abundance of pathobionts, and increases in AMRs persisted for 12 weeks post-discharge, suggesting prolonged microbiome disruption. Probiotic or symbiotic therapies may offer future treatment avenues.},
}
@article {pmid39286263,
year = {2024},
author = {Dumidae, A and Homkeaw, C and Subkrasae, C and Ardpairin, J and Pansri, S and Polseela, R and Phoungpetchara, I and Kumchantuek, T and Tandhavanan, S and Thanwisai, A and Vitta, A},
title = {Molluscicidal property of symbiotic bacteria associated with entomopathogenic nematodes against Indoplanorbis exustus and Radix rubiginosa, the intermediate hosts of trematode parasites.},
journal = {Parasite epidemiology and control},
volume = {27},
number = {},
pages = {e00375},
pmid = {39286263},
issn = {2405-6731},
abstract = {Indoplanorbis exustus and Radix rubiginosa act as intermediate hosts for veterinary and medical trematode parasites. Snail control is a strategy used to decrease the number of snails and interrupt the life cycle of parasites. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of Xenorhabdus and Photorhabdus extracts against I. exustus and R. rubiginosa in the laboratory. Ethyl acetate extracts of selected symbiotic bacteria were tested for their molluscicidal activities according to World Health Organization guidelines. Additionally, pathological changes in the snails were observed after treatment with the LC50 values under a light microscope. Indoplanorbis exustus and R. rubiginosa were susceptible to all ethyl acetate extracts of symbiotic bacteria. The lowest LC50 and LC90 at 24 h for I. exustus after exposure to Photorhabdus laumondii subsp. laumondii (bALN18.2_TH) extracts were 81.66 and 151.02 ppm, respectively. Similarly, the lowest LC50 and LC90 at 24 h for R. rubiginosa after exposure to Photorhabdus luminescence subsp. akhurstii (bAPY3.5_TH) extracts were 49.21 and 147.66 ppm, respectively. Photorhabdus species had more substantial molluscicidal effects than Xenorhabdus on these snails. The ethyl acetate extracts of these bacteria are effective when contacting the epithelial cells and foot muscle of the snails. To our knowledge, this is the first report on using Xenorhabdus and Photorhabdus extracts to evaluate molluscicidal activities. These symbiotic bacteria, Xenorhabdus and Photorhabdus, may be useful for controlling snail intermediate hosts.},
}
@article {pmid39285782,
year = {2024},
author = {Stepanov, AA and Shulaev, NA and Vasilchenko, AS},
title = {The Ecological Strategy Determines the Response of Fungi to Stress: A Study of the 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol Activity Against Aspergillus and Fusarium Species.},
journal = {Journal of basic microbiology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e2400334},
doi = {10.1002/jobm.202400334},
pmid = {39285782},
issn = {1521-4028},
support = {//This work was supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation for financial support (FEWZ-2024-0005)./ ; },
abstract = {Aspergillus and Fusarium are two economically important genera of fungi. They cause significant yield losses and contamination of crops with mycotoxins. In this study we aimed to evaluate the impact of 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (2,4-DAPG) on Aspergillus and Fusarium fungi. It is hypothesized that two fungal genera, which have different ecological strategies, react differently to stress caused by a secondary metabolite produced by rhizosphere Pseudomonas species. We found that 2,4-DAPG was able to reduce biofilm formation of Aspergillus and Fusarium, as reflected in biomass and its chemical composition. Furthermore, subinhibitory concentrations of 2,4-DAPG increased the levels of ergosterol and polysaccharides (α- and β-glucans, chitin) in the cell membrane and cell wall of Aspergillus, while decreasing them in Fusarium. 2,4-DAPG altered the production of secondary metabolites, especially mycotoxins and extracellular proteases. The production of ochratoxin A was decreased in A. ochraceus, and T-2 toxin and zearalenone, on the contrary, were increased in F. culmorum and F. sporotrichioides, respectively. Thus, using 2,4-DAPG we demonstrated that the ecological role of fungi determines their reaction to antibiotic substances produced by the plant microbiome. Our data contributes to understanding the molecular mechanisms behind symbiotic relationships in natural communities, which are mediated by the biosynthesis of antibiotics.},
}
@article {pmid39285478,
year = {2024},
author = {Ojeda-Linares, C and Casas, A and González-Rivadeneira, T and Nabhan, GP},
title = {The dawn of ethnomicrobiology: an interdisciplinary research field on interactions between humans and microorganisms.},
journal = {Journal of ethnobiology and ethnomedicine},
volume = {20},
number = {1},
pages = {86},
pmid = {39285478},
issn = {1746-4269},
support = {632166//Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnolog&#xed;a/ ; IN224023//Direcci&#xf3;n General de Asuntos del Personal Acad&#xe9;mico, Universidad Nacional Aut&#xf3;noma de M&#xe9;xico/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *Interdisciplinary Research ; Ethnology ; Medicine, Traditional ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Ethnobiologists commonly analyze local knowledge systems related to plants, animals, fungi, and ecosystems. However, microbes (bacteria, yeasts, molds, viruses, and other organisms), often considered invisible in their interactions with humans, are often neglected. Microorganisms were the earliest life forms on Earth, and humans have interacted with them throughout history. Over time, humans have accumulated ecological knowledge about microbes through attributes such as smell, taste, and texture that guide the management of contexts in which microorganisms evolve. These human-microbe interactions are, in fact, expressions of biocultural diversity. Thus, we propose that ethnomicrobiology is a distinct interdisciplinary field within ethnobiology that examines the management practices and knowledge surrounding human-microbe interactions, along with the theoretical contributions that such an approach can offer.<br><br>METHODS: We reviewed scientific journals, books, and chapters exploring human-microbe relationships. Our search included databases such as Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar, and specific journal websites, using keywords related to ethnomicrobiology and ethnozymology. To categorize activities involving deliberate human-microbial interactions, we examined topics such as fermentation, pickling, food preservation, silaging, tanning, drying, salting, smoking, traditional medicine, folk medicine, agricultural practices, composting, and other related practices.<br><br>RESULTS: Our research identified important precedents for ethnomicrobiology through practical and theoretical insights into human-microbe interactions, particularly in their impact on health, soil, and food systems. We also found that these interactions contribute to biodiversity conservation and co-evolutionary processes. This emerging interdisciplinary field has implications for food ecology, public health, and the biocultural conservation of hidden microbial landscapes and communities. It is essential to explore the socioecological implications of the interwoven relationships between microbial communities and humans. Equally important is the promotion of the conservation and recovery of this vast biocultural diversity, along with sustainable management practices informed by local ecological knowledge.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Recognizing the dawn of ethnomicrobiology is essential as the field evolves from a descriptive to a more theoretical and integrative biological approach. We emphasize the critical role that traditional communities have played in conserving food, agriculture, and health systems. This emerging field highlights that the future of ethnobiological sciences will focus not on individual organisms or cultures, but on the symbiosis between microorganisms and humans that has shaped invisible but often complex biocultural landscapes.},
}
@article {pmid39283194,
year = {2024},
author = {van Himbeeck, R and Binnebösz, EL and Amora, D and Gottardi, M and Willig, JJ and Geisen, S and Helder, J},
title = {Non-invasive, pre-symptomatic detection of potato cyst nematode infection in tomato using chlorophyll fluorescence analysis.},
journal = {Phytopathology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1094/PHYTO-07-24-0206-R},
pmid = {39283194},
issn = {0031-949X},
abstract = {Potato cyst nematodes (PCN) are notorious pathogens in all major potato production areas worldwide. Mainly due to the low mobility of this soil pathogen, PCN infestations are mostly observed as patches ('foci') that only cover a fraction of the acreage. In-field pre-symptomatic localization of this pathogen is valuable as it would allow for the localized application of control measures. Although the mapping of foci is technically feasible, it is unpractical as it would take the analysis of numerous soil samples. We investigated whether chlorophyll fluorescence (Chl-F) could be suitable as a rapid, non-destructive method for early PCN detection. To this end, the impact of four Globodera pallida densities on the Chl-F of tomato was investigated in a phenotyping greenhouse for 26 days. Furthermore, classical plant performance indicators biomass and root surface area were compared with Chl-F. Thermal dissipation ('NPQ_Lss') and actual photosynthetic rate ('QY_Lss') responded at 1 DPI, while QY_Lss was most sensitive to low PCN infection levels. Chl-F parameters responded more readily to PCN infection than biomass and root surface area. The efficiency of photosystem II (QY_max) and the potential activity of photosystem II (Fv/Fo) initially increased at low PCN infection levels, whereas a sharp decrease was observed at higher infestation levels. Hence, our data suggest that low PCN levels promoted plant performance before becoming detrimental at higher levels. While Chl-F allowed for early and sensitive PCN detection, it remains to be investigated whether these signals can be distinguished from those produced by other below-ground stressors in the field.},
}
@article {pmid39282567,
year = {2024},
author = {Luo, C and Bashir, NH and Li, Z and Liu, C and Shi, Y and Chu, H},
title = {Plant microRNAs regulate the defense response against pathogens.},
journal = {Frontiers in microbiology},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1434798},
pmid = {39282567},
issn = {1664-302X},
abstract = {MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small non-coding RNAs, typically 20-25 nucleotides in length, that play a crucial role in regulating gene expression post-transcriptionally. They are involved in various biological processes such as plant growth, development, stress response, and hormone signaling pathways. Plants interact with microbes through multiple mechanisms, including mutually beneficial symbiotic relationships and complex defense strategies against pathogen invasions. These defense strategies encompass physical barriers, biochemical defenses, signal recognition and transduction, as well as systemic acquired resistance. MiRNAs play a central role in regulating the plant's innate immune response, activating or suppressing the transcription of specific genes that are directly involved in the plant's defense mechanisms against pathogens. Notably, miRNAs respond to pathogen attacks by modulating the balance of plant hormones such as salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, and ethylene, which are key in activating plant defense mechanisms. Moreover, miRNAs can cross boundaries into fungal and bacterial cells, performing cross-kingdom RNA silencing that enhances the plant's disease resistance. Despite the complex and diverse roles of miRNAs in plant defense, further research into their function in plant-pathogen interactions is essential. This review summarizes the critical role of miRNAs in plant defense against pathogens, which is crucial for elucidating how miRNAs control plant defense mechanisms.},
}
@article {pmid39282558,
year = {2024},
author = {Fukatsu, T and Kakizawa, S and Harumoto, T and Sugio, A and Kuo, CH},
title = {Editorial: Spiroplasma, Mycoplasma, Phytoplasma, and other genome-reduced and wall-less mollicutes: their genetics, genomics, mechanics, interactions and symbiosis with insects, other animals and plants.},
journal = {Frontiers in microbiology},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1477536},
pmid = {39282558},
issn = {1664-302X},
}
@article {pmid39281488,
year = {2024},
author = {Sharma, E and Bairwa, R and Lal, P and Pattanayak, S and Chakrapani, K and Poorvasandhya, R and Kumar, A and Altaf, MA and Tiwari, RK and Lal, MK and Kumar, R},
title = {Edible mushrooms trending in food: Nutrigenomics, bibliometric, from bench to valuable applications.},
journal = {Heliyon},
volume = {10},
number = {17},
pages = {e36963},
pmid = {39281488},
issn = {2405-8440},
abstract = {The worldwide consumption, health-promoting and nutritional properties of mushrooms have been extensively researched over a decade. Although, wide range of edible mushrooms is still unexplored, which can be a valuable source of bioactive compounds in dietary supplements and biopharma industry. Mushrooms represent as dynamic source of nutrients lacking in food from plant or animal origin thus, considered as vital functional food utilized for prevention of numerous diseases. The unique bioactive compounds in mushroom and their anti-inflammatory, anti-tumour and other health attributes have been discussed. The preventive action of mushroom on maintaining the gut health and their property to act as pro, pre or symbiotic is also elucidated. The direct prebiotic activity of mushroom affects gut haemostasis and enhances the gut microbiota. Recent reports on role in improving the brain health and neurological impact by mushroom are mentioned. The role of bioactive components in mushroom with relation to nutrigenomics have been explored. The nutrigenomics has become a crucial tool to assess individuals' diet according its genetic make-up and thus, cure of several diseases. Undeniably, mushroom in present time is regarded as next-generation wonder food, playing crucial role in sustaining health, thus, an active ingredient of food and nutraceutical industries.},
}
@article {pmid39281025,
year = {2024},
author = {He, Z and Zhou, X and Mei, N and Jin, W and Sun, J and Yin, S and Wang, Q},
title = {Effectiveness of cyclic treatment of municipal wastewater by Tetradesmus obliquus - Loofah biofilm, its internal community changes and potential for resource utilization.},
journal = {Water research X},
volume = {24},
number = {},
pages = {100254},
pmid = {39281025},
issn = {2589-9147},
abstract = {Microalgae biofilm has garnered significant attention from researchers in the field of sewage treatment due to its advantages such as ease of collection and stable sewage treatment capabilities. Using agricultural waste as biofilm carriers has become a hotspot in reducing costs for this method. This study first combined Tetradesmus obliquus with loofah to form a microalgae biofilm for the study of periodic nitrogen and phosphorus removal from municipal wastewater. The biofilm could stably treat 7 batches of wastewater within one month. The removal rate of TP almost reached 100 %, while the removal rates of NH4 [+] and TN both reached or exceeded 80 %. The average biomass yield over 25 days was 102.04 mg/L/day. The polysaccharide content increased from 8.61 % to 16.98 % during the cyclic cultivation. The lipid content gradually decreased from 40.91 to 26.1 %. The protein content increased from 32.93 % in the initial stage to 41.18 % and then decreased to 36.31 % in the later stage. During the mid-stage of culturing, the richness of anaerobic bacteria decreased, while the richness of aerobic and facultative bacteria increased, which was conducive to the construction of the microalgae-bacteria symbiotic system and steadily improved the effect of nitrogen and phosphorus removal. As the culturing progressed, the Rotifers that emerged during the mid-stage gradually damaged the biofilm over time, leading to a decline in the effectiveness of sewage treatment in the later stages. This study offers technical support for carrier selection in microalgae biofilm methods and for the periodic removal of nitrogen and phosphorus from wastewater.},
}
@article {pmid39280977,
year = {2024},
author = {Han, M and Zhang, H and Liu, M and Tang, J and Guo, X and Ren, W and Zhao, Y and Yang, Q and Guo, B and Han, Q and Feng, Y and Feng, Z and Wu, H and Yang, X and Kong, D},
title = {Increased dependence on nitrogen-fixation of a native legume in competition with an invasive plant.},
journal = {Plant diversity},
volume = {46},
number = {4},
pages = {510-518},
pmid = {39280977},
issn = {2468-2659},
abstract = {Suppression of roots and/or their symbiotic microorganisms, such as mycorrhizal fungi and rhizobia, is an effective way for alien plants to outcompete native plants. However, little is known about how invasive and native plants interact with the quantity and activity of nutrient-acquisition agents. Here a pot experiment was conducted with monoculture and mixed plantings of an invasive plant, Xanthium strumarium, and a common native legume, Glycine max. We measured traits related to root and nodule quantity and activity and mycorrhizal colonization. Compared to the monoculture, fine root quantity (biomass, surface area) and activity (root nitrogen (N) concentration, acid phosphatase activity) of G. max decreased in mixed plantings; nodule quantity (biomass) decreased by 45%, while nodule activity in N-fixing via rhizobium increased by 106%; mycorrhizal colonization was unaffected. Contribution of N fixation to leaf N content in G. max increased in the mixed plantings, and this increase was attributed to a decrease in the rhizosphere soil N of G. max in the mixed plantings. Increased root quantity and activity, along with a higher mycorrhizal association was observed in X. strumarium in the mixed compared to monoculture. Together, the invasive plant did not directly scavenge N from nodule-fixed N, but rather depleted the rhizosphere soil N of the legume, thereby stimulating the activity of N-fixation and increasing the dependence of the native legume on this N source. The quantity-activity framework holds promise for future studies on how native legumes respond to alien plant invasions.},
}
@article {pmid39280884,
year = {2024},
author = {Lindsay, CA and Tan, CY and Krishnan, D and Uchenik, D and Eugenio, GDA and Salinas, ED and de Blanco, EJC and Kinghorn, AD and Rakot Ondraibe, HL},
title = {Steroids and Epicoccarines from Penicillium aurantiancobrunneum.},
journal = {Phytochemistry letters},
volume = {63},
number = {},
pages = {79-86},
pmid = {39280884},
issn = {1874-3900},
abstract = {Lichens are symbiotic organisms comprised of mycobionts and photobiont partners. They are known to produce bioactive secondary metabolites and most of these are biosynthesized by mycobionts. Investigations of cultures of isolated lichen-associated fungi have shown promise for the discovery of cytotoxic compounds. Thus, the lichen-associated fungus Penicillium aurantiacobrunneum was studied for its potential to produce novel compounds and the new sterols (20S*)-hydroxy-24(28)-dehydrocampesterol (1), 7α-methoxy-8β-hydroxypaxisterol (2), 14-nor-epicoccarine A (3) and 14-nor-epicoccarine B (4), as well as the known compound PF1140 (5), were isolated. The structures of these compounds were elucidated using methods including nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HRESIMS). Following cytotoxicity assays, compound 1 demonstrated activity against the pancreatic adenocarcinoma epithelial HPAC cell line at 17.76 ± 5.35 μM. Since the structures of compounds 3 and 4 were very similar to tetramic acid derivatives that were reported to be biosynthesized from a polyketide synthase- non-ribosomal peptide synthetase (PKS-NRPS) hybrid pathway, a plausible biosynthetic route for production in P. aurantiacobrunneum is proposed herein.},
}
@article {pmid39279863,
year = {2024},
author = {Chen, S and Peng, Y and Lv, Q and Liu, J and Wu, Z and Wang, H and Wang, X},
title = {Correction: Characterization of two constitutive promoters RPS28 and EIF1 for studying soybean growth, development, and symbiotic nodule development.},
journal = {aBIOTECH},
volume = {5},
number = {3},
pages = {413},
doi = {10.1007/s42994-024-00171-7},
pmid = {39279863},
issn = {2662-1738},
abstract = {[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1007/s42994-022-00073-6.].},
}
@article {pmid39275638,
year = {2024},
author = {Lu, W and Wang, X and Jia, W},
title = {Characterization of Root Hair Curling and Nodule Development in Soybean-Rhizobia Symbiosis.},
journal = {Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {24},
number = {17},
pages = {},
pmid = {39275638},
issn = {1424-8220},
support = {No. 32301697//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; SDCX-ZG-202400103//Shandong Postdoctoral Innovation Project/ ; No. NZXB20210101//Project of the Faculty of Agricultural Equipment of Jiangsu University/ ; },
mesh = {*Glycine max/microbiology/growth &amp; development ; *Plant Roots/microbiology ; *Symbiosis/physiology ; *Root Nodules, Plant/microbiology ; Rhizobium/physiology ; Nitrogen Fixation ; },
abstract = {Soybean plants form symbiotic nitrogen-fixing nodules with specific rhizobia bacteria. The root hair is the initial infection site for the symbiotic process before the nodules. Since roots and nodules grow in soil and are hard to perceive, little knowledge is available on the process of soybean root hair deformation and nodule development over time. In this study, adaptive microrhizotrons were used to observe root hairs and to investigate detailed root hair deformation and nodule formation subjected to different rhizobia densities. The result showed that the root hair curling angle increased with the increase of rhizobia density. The largest curling angle reached 268° on the 8th day after inoculation. Root hairs were not always straight, even in the uninfected group with a relatively small angle (<45°). The nodule is an organ developed after root hair curling. It was inoculated from curling root hairs and swelled in the root axis on the 15th day after inoculation, with the color changing from light (15th day) to a little dark brown (35th day). There was an error between observing the diameter and the real diameter; thus, a diameter over 1 mm was converted to the real diameter according to the relationship between the perceived diameter and the real diameter. The diameter of the nodule reached 5 mm on the 45th day. Nodule number and curling number were strongly related to rhizobia density with a correlation coefficient of determination of 0.92 and 0.93, respectively. Thus, root hair curling development could be quantified, and nodule number could be estimated through derived formulation.},
}
@article {pmid39275212,
year = {2024},
author = {Pärnänen, P and Räisänen, IT and Sorsa, T},
title = {Oral Anti-Inflammatory and Symbiotic Effects of Fermented Lingonberry Juice-Potential Benefits in IBD.},
journal = {Nutrients},
volume = {16},
number = {17},
pages = {},
pmid = {39275212},
issn = {2072-6643},
support = {TYH2022225//Helsinki Research Foundation/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *Anti-Inflammatory Agents/administration &amp; dosage ; *Fruit and Vegetable Juices ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome/drug effects ; *Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/microbiology/diet therapy ; Fermentation ; Vaccinium vitis-idaea ; Mouth/microbiology ; Probiotics/administration &amp; dosage ; Dysbiosis ; Symbiosis ; },
abstract = {Microbial dysbiosis may manifest as inflammation both orally and in the gastrointestinal tract. Altered oral and gut microbiota composition and decreased diversity have been shown in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and periodontal disease (PD). Recent studies have verified transmission of oral opportunistic microbes to the gut. Prebiotics, probiotics, or dietary interventions are suggested to alleviate IBD symptoms in addition to medicinal treatment. Lingonberries contain multiple bioactive molecules, phenolics, which have a broad spectrum of effects, including antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-proteolytic, and anti-cancer properties. An all-natural product, fermented lingonberry juice (FLJ), is discussed as a potential natural anti-inflammatory substance. FLJ has been shown in clinical human trials to promote the growth of oral lactobacilli, and inhibit growth of the opportunistic oral pathogens Candida, Streptococcus mutans, and periodontopathogens, and decrease inflammation, oral destructive proteolysis (aMMP-8), and dental microbial plaque load. Lactobacilli are probiotic and considered also beneficial for gut health. Considering the positive outcome of these oral studies and the fact that FLJ may be swallowed safely, it might be beneficial also for the gut mucosa by balancing the microbiota and reducing proteolytic inflammation.},
}
@article {pmid39274699,
year = {2024},
author = {Ritter, MT and Padilla, I and Lobo-Recio, M&#xc1; and Romero, M and López-Delgado, A},
title = {Waste Symbiosis through the Synthesis of Highly Crystalline LTA and SOD Zeolites.},
journal = {Materials (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {17},
number = {17},
pages = {},
pmid = {39274699},
issn = {1996-1944},
abstract = {In recent years, the demand for natural and synthetic zeolites has surged due to their distinctive properties and myriad industrial applications. This research aims to synthesise crystalline zeolites by co-recycling two industrial wastes: salt slag (SS) and rice husk ash (RHA). Salt slag, a problematic by-product of secondary aluminium smelting, is classified as hazardous waste due to its reactive and leachable nature, though it is rich in aluminium. Conversely, RHA, an abundant and cost-effective by-product of the agro-food sector, boasts a high silicon content. These wastes were utilised as aluminium and silicon sources for synthesising various zeolites. This study examined the effects of temperature, ageing time, and sodium concentration on the formation of different zeolite phases and their crystallinity. Results indicated that increased Na[+] concentration favoured sodalite (SOD) zeolite formation, whereas Linde type-A (LTA) zeolite formation was promoted at higher temperatures and extended ageing times. The formation range of the different zeolites was defined and supported by crystallographic, microstructural, and morphological analyses. Additionally, the thermal behaviour of the zeolites was investigated. This work underscores the potential to transform industrial waste, including hazardous materials like salt slag, into sustainable, high-value materials, fostering efficient waste co-recycling and promoting clean, sustainable industrial production through cross-sectoral industrial symbiosis.},
}
@article {pmid39273846,
year = {2024},
author = {Balda, RS and Cogo, C and Falduti, O and Bongiorno, FM and Brignoli, D and Sandobal, TJ and Althabegoiti, MJ and Lodeiro, AR},
title = {Ribulose 1,5-Bisphosphate Carboxylase/Oxygenase Is Required in Bradyrhizobium diazoefficiens for Efficient Soybean Root Colonization and Competition for Nodulation.},
journal = {Plants (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {13},
number = {17},
pages = {},
pmid = {39273846},
issn = {2223-7747},
support = {PICT2020-3911//Agencia Nacional de Promoci&#xf3;n de la Investigaci&#xf3;n, el Desarrollo Tecnol&#xf3;gico y la Innovaci&#xf3;n/ ; },
abstract = {The Hyphomicrobiales (Rhizobiales) order contains soil bacteria with an irregular distribution of the Calvin-Benson-Bassham cycle (CBB). Key enzymes in the CBB cycle are ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBisCO), whose large and small subunits are encoded in cbbL and cbbS, and phosphoribulokinase (PRK), encoded by cbbP. These genes are often found in cbb operons, regulated by the LysR-type regulator CbbR. In Bradyrhizobium, pertaining to this order and bearing photosynthetic and non-photosynthetic species, the number of cbbL and cbbS copies varies, for example: zero in B. manausense, one in B. diazoefficiens, two in B. japonicum, and three in Bradyrhizobium sp. BTAi. Few studies addressed the role of CBB in Bradyrhizobium spp. symbiosis with leguminous plants. To investigate the horizontal transfer of the cbb operon among Hyphomicrobiales, we compared phylogenetic trees for concatenated cbbL-cbbP-cbbR and housekeeping genes (atpD-gyrB-recA-rpoB-rpoD). The distribution was consistent, indicating no horizontal transfer of the cbb operon in Hyphomicrobiales. We constructed a ΔcbbLS mutant in B. diazoefficiens, which lost most of the coding sequence of cbbL and has a frameshift creating a stop codon at the N-terminus of cbbS. This mutant nodulated normally but had reduced competitiveness for nodulation and long-term adhesion to soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) roots, indicating a CBB requirement for colonizing soybean rhizosphere.},
}
@article {pmid39273455,
year = {2024},
author = {De la Vega-Camarillo, E and Sotelo-Aguilar, J and González-Silva, A and Hernández-García, JA and Mercado-Flores, Y and Villa-Tanaca, L and Hernández-Rodríguez, C},
title = {Genomic Insights into Pseudomonas protegens E1BL2 from Giant Jala Maize: A Novel Bioresource for Sustainable Agriculture and Efficient Management of Fungal Phytopathogens.},
journal = {International journal of molecular sciences},
volume = {25},
number = {17},
pages = {},
pmid = {39273455},
issn = {1422-0067},
support = {20240945//Secretar&#xed;a de Investigaci&#xf3;n y Posgrado/ ; },
mesh = {*Zea mays/microbiology/genetics ; *Pseudomonas/genetics/metabolism ; *Plant Diseases/microbiology/genetics ; Fungi/genetics ; Agriculture/methods ; Genomics/methods ; Genome, Bacterial ; },
abstract = {The relationships between plants and bacteria are essential in agroecosystems and bioinoculant development. The leaf endophytic Pseudomonas protegens E1BL2 was previously isolated from giant Jala maize, which is a native Zea mays landrace of Nayarit, Mexico. Using different Mexican maize landraces, this work evaluated the strain's plant growth promotion and biocontrol against eight phytopathogenic fungi in vitro and greenhouse conditions. Also, a plant field trial was conducted on irrigated fields using the hybrid maize Supremo. The grain productivity in this assay increased compared with the control treatment. The genome analysis of P. protegens E1BL2 showed putative genes involved in metabolite synthesis that facilitated its beneficial roles in plant health and environmental adaptation (bdhA, acoR, trpE, speE, potA); siderophores (ptaA, pchC); and extracellular enzymes relevant for PGPB mechanisms (cel3, chi14), protection against oxidative stress (hscA, htpG), nitrogen metabolism (nirD, nit1, hmpA), inductors of plant-induced systemic resistance (ISR) (flaA, flaG, rffA, rfaP), fungal biocontrol (phlD, prtD, prnD, hcnA-1), pest control (vgrG-1, higB-2, aprE, pslA, ppkA), and the establishment of plant-bacteria symbiosis (pgaA, pgaB, pgaC, exbD). Our findings suggest that P. protegens E1BL2 significantly promotes maize growth and offers biocontrol benefits, which highlights its potential as a bioinoculant.},
}
@article {pmid39273439,
year = {2024},
author = {Chen, L and Zhang, X and Li, Q and Yang, X and Huang, Y and Zhang, B and Ye, L and Li, X},
title = {Phosphatases: Decoding the Role of Mycorrhizal Fungi in Plant Disease Resistance.},
journal = {International journal of molecular sciences},
volume = {25},
number = {17},
pages = {},
pmid = {39273439},
issn = {1422-0067},
support = {2021YFYZ0026//Science and Technology Department of Sichuan Province/ ; 2024YFHZ0165//Science and Technology Department of Qinghai Province/ ; 2022TSGC2404//Department of Science and Technology of Shandong Province/ ; SCCXTD-2024-07//The Sichuan Mushroom Innovation Team/ ; SCCXTD-2024-07//The Sichuan Mushroom Innovation Team/ ; },
mesh = {*Mycorrhizae/physiology ; *Plant Diseases/microbiology/immunology/genetics ; *Disease Resistance ; Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases/metabolism ; Plants/microbiology/immunology ; Symbiosis ; Plant Roots/microbiology ; Plant Immunity ; },
abstract = {Mycorrhizal fungi, a category of fungi that form symbiotic relationships with plant roots, can participate in the induction of plant disease resistance by secreting phosphatase enzymes. While extensive research exists on the mechanisms by which mycorrhizal fungi induce resistance, the specific contributions of phosphatases to these processes require further elucidation. This article reviews the spectrum of mycorrhizal fungi-induced resistance mechanisms and synthesizes a current understanding of how phosphatases mediate these effects, such as the induction of defense structures in plants, the negative regulation of plant immune responses, and the limitation of pathogen invasion and spread. It explores the role of phosphatases in the resistance induced by mycorrhizal fungi and provides prospective future research directions in this field.},
}
@article {pmid39272340,
year = {2024},
author = {Zamnuri, MAHB and Qiu, S and Rizalmy, MAAB and He, W and Yusoff, S and Roeroe, KA and Du, J and Loh, KH},
title = {Integration of IoT in Small-Scale Aquaponics to Enhance Efficiency and Profitability: A Systematic Review.},
journal = {Animals : an open access journal from MDPI},
volume = {14},
number = {17},
pages = {},
pmid = {39272340},
issn = {2076-2615},
support = {PV089-2021//UM research grant from Maybank Asset Management Sdn Bhd/ ; Development of Indonesia-China Center for Ocean &amp; Climate//China's Asian Cooperation Fund project/ ; },
abstract = {Aquaponics combines aquaculture and hydroponics to offer a sustainable approach to agriculture, addressing food security issues with minimal environmental harm. However, small-scale practitioners face challenges due to a lack of professional knowledge in water chemistry and system maintenance. Economic hurdles, such as operational costs and energy-intensive components, hinder the viability of small-scale aquaponics. Selecting suitable fish and plant species, along with appropriate stocking densities, is crucial. Media Bed (MB), Deep Water Culture (DWC), and the Nutrient Film Technique (NFT) are commonly used hydroponic techniques. This study outlines optimal conditions, including water quality, temperature, pH, and nutrient concentrations, essential for symbiotic fish and plant cultivation. Integrating IoT technology enhances efficiency and profitability by optimizing resource utilization, monitoring water quality, and ensuring optimal growth conditions. Knowledge sharing among practitioners fosters innovation and sustainability through collaborative learning and best practices exchange. Establishing a community for knowledge sharing is vital for continuous improvement, advancing small-scale aquaponics towards a more efficient and sustainable future.},
}
@article {pmid39270825,
year = {2024},
author = {Zhang, C and Meng, Y and Zhao, M and Wang, M and Wang, C and Dong, J and Fan, W and Xu, F and Wang, D and Xie, Z},
title = {Advances and mechanisms of fungal symbionts in improving the salt tolerance of crops.},
journal = {Plant science : an international journal of experimental plant biology},
volume = {349},
number = {},
pages = {112261},
doi = {10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112261},
pmid = {39270825},
issn = {1873-2259},
abstract = {Soil salinization leads to reduced crop yields and waste of land resources, thereby impacting global food security. To meet the increasing demand for food and simultaneously alleviate pressure on soil resources, the development of sustainable agriculture is imperative. In contrast to physical and chemical methods, bioremediation represents an efficient and environmentally friendly approach. Fungal symbionts have been found to be associated with most plants in natural ecosystems, colonizing and residing within the internal tissues of host plants. Moreover, the potential of fungal symbionts in improving saline-alkaline soil has been widely recognized and confirmed. Numerous reports have documented the effectiveness of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in alleviating salt stress in plants. Meanwhile, research on other endophytic fungi for mitigating plant salt stress has emerged in recent years, which contributes to refining mechanisms for enhancing plant salt tolerance. In this review, we summarized various mechanisms by which endophytic fungi enhance plant salt tolerance. We also provided an overview of the challenges and development directions in the field of fungal symbiosis, with the aim of offering a viable strategy for the bioremediation of saline-alkali soils.},
}
@article {pmid39270668,
year = {2024},
author = {Aserse, AA and Nimusiima, J and Tumuhairwe, JB and Yli-Halla, M and Lindström, K},
title = {Phylogenetic diversity of Rhizobium species recovered from nodules of common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in fields in Uganda: R. phaseoli, R. etli, and R. hidalgonense.},
journal = {FEMS microbiology ecology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/femsec/fiae120},
pmid = {39270668},
issn = {1574-6941},
abstract = {A total of 75 bacterial isolates were obtained from nodules of beans cultivated across 10 sites in six agro-ecological zones in Uganda. Using recA gene sequence analysis, 66 isolates were identified as members of the genus Rhizobium, while nine were related to Agrobacterium species. In the recA gene tree, most Rhizobium strains were classified into five recognized species. Phylogenetic analysis based on six concatenated sequences (recA-rpoB-dnaK-glnII-gyrB-atpD) placed 32 representative strains into five distinct Rhizobium species, consistent with the species groups observed in the recA gene tree: R. phaseoli, R. etli, R. hidalgonense, R. ecuadorense, and R. sophoriradicis, with the first three being the predominant. The rhizobial strains grouped into three nodC subclades within the symbiovar phaseoli clade, encompassing strains from distinct phylogenetic groups. This pattern reflects the conservation of symbiotic genes, likely acquired through horizontal gene transfer among diverse rhizobial species. The 32 representative strains formed symbiotic relationships with host beans, while the Agrobacterium strains did not form nodules and lacked symbiotic genes. Multivariate analysis revealed that species distribution was influenced by the environmental factors of the sampling sites, emphasizing the need to consider these factors in future effectiveness studies to identify effective nitrogen-fixing strains for specific locations.},
}
@article {pmid39270420,
year = {2024},
author = {Aboras, SI and Korany, MA and Ebied, SA and Haggag, RS and Hamdy, MMA},
title = {Hyphenating sustainability with chemometrics in chromatographic analysis of COVID combo therapy, nirmatrelvir and Molnupiravir, in presence of their overlapping degradation products; blue-green dual evaluation tools.},
journal = {Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences},
volume = {1247},
number = {},
pages = {124304},
doi = {10.1016/j.jchromb.2024.124304},
pmid = {39270420},
issn = {1873-376X},
abstract = {Our manuscript managed to hyphenate the novelty and sustainability in one method. A novel combination of molnupiravir (MNP) and nirmatrelvir (NTV) was found to be a potential symbiotic therapy against SARS-CoV-2. Yet, there is no analytical method published for either determination or stability investigation of this combination simultaneously. So, the proposed HPLC technique focused on determination of MNP and NTV in presence of their degradation products. The sustainability was achieved in our method by using chemometrics tools to quantify NTV in presence of its co-eluted degradation product (NTV-D) without excessive time and solvent usage for separation (run time 5 min.). Moreover, the linearity parameters of both MNP and NTV, including correlation coefficient, LOD and LOQ, have been enhanced significantly after chemometrics treatment through convolution of the resultant derivative curves using trigonometric Fourier function. For example, LOQ of MNP decreased from 3.53 to 0.31 µg/mL and for NTV, LOQ decreased from 4.98 to 2.10 µg/mL after chemometrics treatment. The stability results of the proposed method indicates that no interaction or change in stability behavior of both drugs when co-administered with each other. Thus, this can be used as an empirical basis to initiate clinical trials of this combination for the treatment of COVID-19 patients. Additionally, in order to determine the impact of chemometric methods in minimizing analysis time and reducing solvent, energy, and waste consumption, our chemometric methodology is evaluated in terms of greenness and blueness (dichromic assessment) using AGREE and BAGI, respectively. Besides, the method sustainability using Hexagon was evaluated.},
}
@article {pmid39268874,
year = {2024},
author = {Xu, Y and Liu, F and Wu, F and Zou, R and Zhao, M and Wu, J and Cheng, B and Li, X},
title = {Zinc finger protein LjRSDL regulates arbuscule degeneration of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in Lotus japonicus.},
journal = {Plant physiology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/plphys/kiae487},
pmid = {39268874},
issn = {1532-2548},
abstract = {In arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis, appropriate regulation of the formation, maintenance, and degeneration of the arbuscule are essential for plants and fungi. In this study, we identified a Cysteine-2/Histidine-2 zinc finger protein (C2H2-ZFP)-encoding gene in Lotus japonicus named Regulator of Symbiosome Differentiation-Like (LjRSDL) that is required for arbuscule degeneration. Evolutionary analysis showed that homologs of LjRSDL exist in mycorrhizal flowering plants. We obtained ProLjRSDL::GUS transgenic hairy roots and showed that LjRSDL was strongly upregulated upon AM colonization, particularly at 18 days post AM fungi inoculation and specifically expressed in arbuscular-containing cells. The mycorrhization rate increased in the ljrsdl mutant but decreased in LjRSDL overexpressed L. japonicus. Interestingly, we observed higher proportions of large arbuscule in the ljrsdl mutant but lower proportions of larger arbuscule in LjRSDL overexpressing plants. Transcriptome analyses indicated that genes involved in arbuscule degeneration were significantly changed upon the dysregulation of LjRSDL and that LjRSDL-dependent regulation in AM symbiosis is mainly via the hormone signal transduction pathway. LjRSDL, therefore, represents a C2H2-ZFP that negatively regulates AM symbiosis. Our study provides insight into understanding plant-AM fungal communication and AM symbiosis development.},
}
@article {pmid39267333,
year = {2024},
author = {Fujii, N and Kuroda, K and Narihiro, T and Aoi, Y and Ozaki, N and Ohashi, A and Kindaichi, T},
title = {Unique episymbiotic relationship between Candidatus Patescibacteria and Zoogloea in activated sludge flocs at a municipal wastewater treatment plant.},
journal = {Environmental microbiology reports},
volume = {16},
number = {5},
pages = {e70007},
doi = {10.1111/1758-2229.70007},
pmid = {39267333},
issn = {1758-2229},
support = {23KJ16420A//JSPS KAKENHI/ ; JP16H04833//JSPS KAKENHI/ ; JP20H02287//JSPS KAKENHI/ ; },
mesh = {*Sewage/microbiology ; *Symbiosis ; *Zoogloea/genetics/metabolism ; *Wastewater/microbiology ; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence ; Metagenome ; Phylogeny ; },
abstract = {Candidatus Patescibacteria, also known as candidate phyla radiation (CPR), including the class-level uncultured clade JAEDAM01 (formerly a subclass of Gracilibacteria/GN02/BD1-5), are ubiquitous in activated sludge. However, their characteristics and relationships with other organisms are largely unknown. They are believed to be episymbiotic, endosymbiotic or predatory. Despite our understanding of their limited metabolic capacity, their precise roles remain elusive due to the difficulty in cultivating and identifying them. In previous research, we successfully recovered high-quality metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs), including a member of JAEDAM01 from activated sludge flocs. In this study, we designed new probes to visualize the targeted JAEDAM01-associated MAG HHAS10 and identified its host using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). The FISH observations revealed that JAEDAM01 HHAS10-like cells were located within dense clusters of Zoogloea, and the fluorescence brightness of zoogloeal cells decreased in the vicinity of the CPR cells. The Zoogloea MAGs possessed genes related to extracellular polymeric substance biosynthesis, floc formation and nutrient removal, including a polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) accumulation pathway. The JAEDAM01 MAG HHAS10 possessed genes associated with type IV pili, competence protein EC and PHA degradation, suggesting a Zoogloea-dependent lifestyle in activated sludge flocs. These findings indicate a new symbiotic relationship between JAEDAM01 and Zoogloea.},
}
@article {pmid39268000,
year = {2024},
author = {Xu, W and Liu, Q and Wang, B and Zhang, N and Qiu, R and Yuan, Y and Yang, M and Wang, F and Mei, L and Cui, G},
title = {Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi communities and promoting the growth of alfalfa in saline ecosystems of northern China.},
journal = {Frontiers in plant science},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1438771},
pmid = {39268000},
issn = {1664-462X},
abstract = {Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are universally distributed in soils, including saline soils, and can form mycorrhizal symbiosis with the vast majority of higher plants. This symbiosis can reduce soil salinity and influence plant growth and development by improving nutrient uptake, increasing plant antioxidant enzyme activity, and regulating hormone levels. In this study, rhizosphere soil from eight plants in the Songnen saline-alkaline grassland was used to isolate, characterize, and screen the indigenous advantageous AMF. The promoting effect of AMF on alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) under salt treatment was also investigated. The findings showed that 40 species of AMF in six genera were identified by high-throughput sequencing. Glomus mosseae (G.m) and Glomus etunicatum (G.e) are the dominant species in saline ecosystems of northern China. Alfalfa inoculated with Glomus mosseae and Glomus etunicatum under different salt concentrations could be infested and form a symbiotic system. The mycorrhizal colonization rate and mycorrhizal dependence of G.m inoculation were significantly higher than those of G.e inoculation. With increasing salt concentration, inoculation increased alfalfa plant height, fresh weight, chlorophyll content, proline (Pro), soluble sugar (SS), soluble protein (SP), peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) activity while decreasing the malondialdehyde (MDA) content and superoxide anion production rate. The results highlight that inoculation with G.m and G.e effectively alleviated salinity stress, with G.m inoculation having a significant influence on salt resistance in alfalfa. AMF might play a key role in alfalfa growth and survival under harsh salt conditions.},
}
@article {pmid39266780,
year = {2024},
author = {Cao, X and Li, M and Wu, X and Fan, S and Lin, L and Xu, L and Zhang, X and Zhou, F},
title = {Gut fungal diversity across different life stages of the onion fly Delia antiqua.},
journal = {Microbial ecology},
volume = {87},
number = {1},
pages = {115},
pmid = {39266780},
issn = {1432-184X},
mesh = {Animals ; *Diptera/microbiology/growth &amp; development ; *Fungi/classification/isolation &amp; purification/genetics ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; *Larva/microbiology/growth &amp; development ; Male ; Female ; Pupa/microbiology/growth &amp; development ; Biodiversity ; Life Cycle Stages ; Mycobiome ; },
abstract = {A significant number of microorganisms inhabit the intestinal tract or the body surface of insects. While the majority of research on insect microbiome interaction has mainly focused on bacteria, of late multiple studies have been acknowledging the importance of fungi and have started reporting the fungal communities as well. In this study, high-throughput sequencing was used to compare the diversity of intestinal fungi in Delia antiqua (Diptera: Anthomyiidae) at different growth stages, and effect of differential fungi between adjacent life stages on the growth and development of D. antiqua was investigated. The results showed that there were significant differences in the α and β diversity of gut fungal communities between two adjacent growth stages. Among the dominant fungi, genera Penicillium and Meyerozyma and family Cordycipitaceae had higher abundances. Cordycipitaceae was mainly enriched in the pupal and adult (male and female) stages, Penicillium was mainly enriched in the pupal, 2nd instar and 3rd instar larval stages, and Meyerozyma was enriched in the pupal stage. Only three fungal species were found to differ between two adjacent growth stages. These three fungal species including Fusarium oxysporum, Meyerozyma guilliermondii and Penicillium roqueforti generally inhibited the growth and development of D. antiqua, with only P. roqueforti promoting the growth and development of female insects. This study will provide theoretical support for the search for new pathogenic microorganisms for other fly pests control and the development of new biological control strategies for fly pests.},
}
@article {pmid39266121,
year = {2024},
author = {Younger, JW and Schaerlaeken, S and Anguera, JA and Gazzaley, A and , },
title = {The whole is greater than the sum of its parts: Using cognitive profiles to predict academic achievement.},
journal = {Trends in neuroscience and education},
volume = {36},
number = {},
pages = {100237},
doi = {10.1016/j.tine.2024.100237},
pmid = {39266121},
issn = {2211-9493},
mesh = {Humans ; *Academic Success ; Child ; Male ; Female ; Adolescent ; *Executive Function ; *Cognition ; Students/psychology ; Neuropsychological Tests ; Mathematics ; Reading ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Executive functions (EFs) are thought to work in concert to support academic skill. However, EFs are often examined independently, obscuring their symbiotic contribution. We examined the relationship between students' holistic EF profiles and their academic success.<br><br>METHODS: We sampled over 1200 7-15 year old students from a diverse school district (16 % White; 32 % low income) in the United States. We used 9 EF assessments to construct cognitive profiles via self-organizing maps. We then related profiles to academic achievement scores from both laboratory-based assessments and state-administered standardized tests of reading and math.<br><br>RESULTS: Six profiles differed in EF performance, but their differences in academic achievement did not suggest a linear relationship between individual EFs and academic skill.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: We show cognitive profiles based on individual strengths and weaknesses in EFs can reveal multiple cognitive paths to the same academic outcome.},
}
@article {pmid39264984,
year = {2024},
author = {Pancaldi, F and Gulisano, A and Severing, EI and van Kaauwen, M and Finkers, R and Kodde, L and Trindade, LM},
title = {The genome of Lupinus mutabilis: Evolution and genetics of an emerging bio-based crop.},
journal = {The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/tpj.17021},
pmid = {39264984},
issn = {1365-313X},
support = {720726//European Union's Horizon 2020/ ; },
abstract = {Lupinus mutabilis is an under-domesticated legume species from the Andean region of South America. It belongs to the New World lupins clade, which groups several lupin species displaying large genetic variation and adaptability to highly different environments. L. mutabilis is attracting interest as a potential multipurpose crop to diversify the European supply of plant proteins, increase agricultural biodiversity, and fulfill bio-based applications. This study reports the first high-quality L. mutabilis genome assembly, which is also the first sequenced assembly of a New World lupin species. Through comparative genomics and phylogenetics, the evolution of L. mutabilis within legumes and lupins is described, highlighting both genomic similarities and patterns specific to L. mutabilis, potentially linked to environmental adaptations. Furthermore, the assembly was used to study the genetics underlying important traits for the establishment of L. mutabilis as a novel crop, including protein and quinolizidine alkaloids contents in seeds, genomic patterns of classic resistance genes, and genomic properties of L. mutabilis mycorrhiza-related genes. These analyses pointed out copy number variation, differential genomic gene contexts, and gene family expansion through tandem duplications as likely important drivers of the genomic diversity observed for these traits between L. mutabilis and other lupins and legumes. Overall, the L. mutabilis genome assembly will be a valuable resource to conduct genetic research and enable genomic-based breeding approaches to turn L. mutabilis into a multipurpose legume crop.},
}
@article {pmid39264945,
year = {2024},
author = {Zang, C and Wang, X and Liu, Y and Wang, H and Sun, Q and Cheng, P and Zhang, Y and Gong, M and Liu, H},
title = {Wolbachia and mosquitoes: Exploring transmission modes and coevolutionary dynamics in Shandong Province, China.},
journal = {PLoS neglected tropical diseases},
volume = {18},
number = {9},
pages = {e0011944},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pntd.0011944},
pmid = {39264945},
issn = {1935-2735},
abstract = {Vector-borne diseases leave a large footprint on global health. Notable culprits include West Nile virus (WNV), St. Louis encephalitis virus (SLEV), and Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), all transmitted by Culex mosquitoes. Chemical insecticides have been widely used to reduce the spread of mosquito-borne diseases. Still, mosquitoes are becoming more and more resistant to most chemical insecticides which cause particular harm to the ecology. Wolbachia belongs to the family Ehrlichiaceae in the order Rickettsiales and is a matrilineally inherited endosymbiont present in 60% of insects in nature. Wolbachia is capable of inducing a wide range of reproductive abnormalities in its hosts, such as cytoplasmic incompatibility, and can alter mosquito resistance to pathogen infection. Wolbachia has been proposed as a biological alternative to chemical vector control, and specific research progress and effectiveness have been achieved. Despite the importance of Wolbachia, this strategy has not been tested in Culex pipiens pallens, the most prevalent mosquito species in Shandong Province, China. Little is known about how the mass release of Wolbachia-infected mosquitoes may impact the genetic structure of Culex pipiens pallens, and how the symbiotic bacterium Wolbachia interacts with mitochondria during host mosquito transmission. Based on the population genetic structure of Culex pipiens pallens in Shandong Province, this study investigated the infection rate and infection type of Wolbachia in Shandong Province and jointly analysed the evolutionary relationship between the host mosquito and the symbiotic bacterium Wolbachia. Our study showed that Wolbachia naturally infected by Culex pipiens pallens in Shandong Province was less homologous to Wolbachia infected by Aedes albopictus released from mosquito factory in Guangzhou. Our results also show that Culex pipiens pallens is undergoing demographic expansion in Shandong Province. The overall Wolbachia infection rate of Culex pipiens pallens was 92.8%, and a total of 15 WSP haplotypes were detected. We found that the genetic diversity of Wolbachia was low in Culex pipiens pallens from Shandong Province, and the mosquitoes were infected only with type B Wolbachia. Visualizing the relationship between Culex pipiens pallens and Wolbachia using a tanglegram revealed patterns of widespread associations. A specific coevolutionary relationship exists between the host mosquito and Wolbachia. Knowledge of this mosquito-Wolbachia relationship will provide essential scientific information required for Wolbachia-based vector control approaches in Shandong Province and will lead to a better understanding of the diversity and evolution of Wolbachia for its utility as a biocontrol agent.},
}
@article {pmid39264351,
year = {2024},
author = {Meng, G and Wang, L and Zhong, B and Wang, S and Li, Q and Liu, X},
title = {Unpacking interplays between competitiveness, cooperativeness, and social comparison orientation: A network psychometric approach and replication.},
journal = {British journal of psychology (London, England : 1953)},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/bjop.12734},
pmid = {39264351},
issn = {2044-8295},
support = {//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; },
abstract = {Emerging evidence highlights the role of social comparison in competition and cooperation, yet the dynamics among competitiveness, cooperativeness, and social comparison orientation (SCO) remain underexplored. In the present study, we sought to unravel these complex interplays employing graphical Gaussian models (GGMs) and characterize the network structures utilizing cross-sectional data derived from 1073 Chinese participants. A pre-registered independent sample (n = 1348) served to examine the replicability and robustness of our initial findings. Moreover, we explored the Bayesian networks (i.e., directed acyclic graphs) to delve into their probabilistic directed dependencies. Our analysis identified an interpersonal co-opetition network where SCO bridges competitiveness and cooperativeness, emphasizing the key influence of the desire to surpass others. We also found a significant gender effect on the levels of these orientations but not on the network patterns. Additionally, the replication sample offered validation for the resultant network structure and its key nodes. In sum, these findings provide a new insight into the symbiotic relationship between competitiveness and cooperativeness within the framework of social comparison, offering significant theoretical and practical implications.},
}
@article {pmid39263744,
year = {2024},
author = {Lamminpää, I and Boem, F and Amedei, A},
title = {Health-promoting worms? Prospects and pitfalls of helminth therapy.},
journal = {BioEssays : news and reviews in molecular, cellular and developmental biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e2400080},
doi = {10.1002/bies.202400080},
pmid = {39263744},
issn = {1521-1878},
support = {UniversityofFlorence-EuropeanUnion-NextGenerationEU-CUPB55F2100//Italian Ministry of University and Research MNESYS (PE0000006)/ ; },
abstract = {In this manuscript, we explore the potential therapeutic use of helminths. After analyzing helminths' role in connection with human health from the perspective of their symbiotic and evolutionary relationship, we critically examine some studies on their therapeutic applications. In doing so, we focus on some prominent mechanisms of action and potential benefits, but also on the exaggerations and theoretical and methodological difficulties of such proposals. We conclude that further studies are needed to fully explore the potential benefits of this perspective, and we encourage the scientific community in doing so.},
}
@article {pmid39263245,
year = {2024},
author = {Taboada-Castro, H and Hernández-Álvarez, AJ and Escorcia-Rodríguez, JM and Freyre-González, JA and Galán-Vásquez, E and Encarnación-Guevara, S},
title = {Rhizobium etli CFN42 and Sinorhizobium meliloti 1021 bioinformatic transcriptional regulatory networks from culture and symbiosis.},
journal = {Frontiers in bioinformatics},
volume = {4},
number = {},
pages = {1419274},
pmid = {39263245},
issn = {2673-7647},
abstract = {Rhizobium etli CFN42 proteome-transcriptome mixed data of exponential growth and nitrogen-fixing bacteroids, as well as Sinorhizobium meliloti 1021 transcriptome data of growth and nitrogen-fixing bacteroids, were integrated into transcriptional regulatory networks (TRNs). The one-step construction network consisted of a matrix-clustering analysis of matrices of the gene profile and all matrices of the transcription factors (TFs) of their genome. The networks were constructed with the prediction of regulatory network application of the RhizoBindingSites database (http://rhizobindingsites.ccg.unam.mx/). The deduced free-living Rhizobium etli network contained 1,146 genes, including 380 TFs and 12 sigma factors. In addition, the bacteroid R. etli CFN42 network contained 884 genes, where 364 were TFs, and 12 were sigma factors, whereas the deduced free-living Sinorhizobium meliloti 1021 network contained 643 genes, where 259 were TFs and seven were sigma factors, and the bacteroid Sinorhizobium meliloti 1021 network contained 357 genes, where 210 were TFs and six were sigma factors. The similarity of these deduced condition-dependent networks and the biological E. coli and B. subtilis independent condition networks segregates from the random Erdös-Rényi networks. Deduced networks showed a low average clustering coefficient. They were not scale-free, showing a gradually diminishing hierarchy of TFs in contrast to the hierarchy role of the sigma factor rpoD in the E. coli K12 network. For rhizobia networks, partitioning the genome in the chromosome, chromids, and plasmids, where essential genes are distributed, and the symbiotic ability that is mostly coded in plasmids, may alter the structure of these deduced condition-dependent networks. It provides potential TF gen-target relationship data for constructing regulons, which are the basic units of a TRN.},
}
@article {pmid39263142,
year = {2024},
author = {Bhuiyan, AU and Chowdhury, MZH and Mim, MF and Siddique, SS and Haque, MA and Rahman, MS and Islam, SMN},
title = {Seed priming with Metarhizium anisopliae (MetA1) improves physiology, growth and yield of wheat.},
journal = {Heliyon},
volume = {10},
number = {17},
pages = {e36600},
pmid = {39263142},
issn = {2405-8440},
abstract = {Microorganisms offer a sustainable way to increase crop production and promote eco-friendly farming. The endophytic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae is known for its multiple roles in plant ecosystems, including plant protection, symbiosis, and abiotic stress mitigation. In this study, we evaluated the potential of seed priming with M. anisopliae isolate MetA1 (MA) to enhance germination, photosynthetic efficiency, growth, and yield of two wheat varieties, BARI Gom 26 (BG26) and BARI Gom 33 (BG33) under field conditions. The study demonstrated that MA seed priming significantly improved wheat germination (by 13% and 26.04%) of BG26 and BG33, respectively. Overall, photosynthetic performance, indicated by increased leaf angle, leaf thickness, relative chlorophyll content, and linear electron flow (LEF), quantum yield of Photo System II (Phi2) was increased in MA primed wheat plants, while reducing non-photochemical quenching like NPQt, PhiNO, PhiNPQ of both varieties. These enhancements were attributed to increased shoot biomass (by 215.64% for BG26 and 280.38% for BG33), root biomass (by 141.79% for BG26 and 207.4% for BG33), effective tiller percentage (by 9.17% for BG26 and 5.7% for BG33), spike length (by 25.05% for BG26 and 25.42% for BG33), grain yield parameters such as filled grain percentage (by 23.8% for BG26 and 12.5% for BG33), and grain weight per plant (by 168.62% for BG26 and 119.62% for BG33). The findings of the research demonstrated the potential of M. anisopliae for field use in an agricultural setting, providing a sustainable means of increasing food production.},
}
@article {pmid39263120,
year = {2024},
author = {Gilbert Ghislain, MM and Emmilienne, DT and Mari, ED and Souleymanou, A and Raymond, F and Abassi, N and Guy, N and Aurelie, S and Dieudonné, N and Elie, F},
title = {Growth, profitability, nutritional, and anti-nutritional properties of seven Manihot esculenta Crantz (cassava) varieties as affected by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi.},
journal = {Heliyon},
volume = {10},
number = {17},
pages = {e36371},
pmid = {39263120},
issn = {2405-8440},
abstract = {Despite a range of methods used to promote modern agriculture with several outcomes, food quality and availability problems remain. This work aims to evaluate the effect of AM fungi inoculation on the growth, yield, nutritional, and antinutritional properties of 7 varieties of cassava. Growth characteristics, yields, rentability, nutritional, and antinutritional of tubers of each treatment were determined at harvest. All the cassava varieties used form a symbiosis with AM fungi at various frequencies, with the I090590 variety being the best (61.66 %). The best amount of chlorophyll, carotenoid, and height of plants were recorded at 9 months old. The 96/1414, TME/693 and MD varieties respectively show the best amount of chlorophyll, size, and carotenoids at 9 months old. Following AM fungi inoculation, an increase in the content of chlorophyll, size, and carotenoids was recorded for all the varieties with the best rate attributed respectively to 92/0326, MD, and 92/0326. Tuber yields vary significantly depending on the cassava varieties, with the best (56.16 t/ha) recorded for the I090590 variety. Following inoculation with AM fungi, a significant increase in yields was recorded, with the best ratio (2.7) obtained with the AE variety. The I090590 variety shows the best yield and by then the most profitable. Inoculation with AM fungi leads to a significant increase in the sugar, protein, fibre, and phosphorus content of all cassava varieties, with the best ratios obtained in 96/1414, 01/1797, and I090590 varieties respectively. Similarly, the inoculation of cassava varieties with AM fungi leads to a significant reduction in the content of cyanides, oxalates, and phytates. The best ratio of reduction for cyanide was 1.91 for the MD variety. AM fungi inoculation is an important way to ensure safe, exponential production and high economic profitability of foodstuffs.},
}
@article {pmid39261613,
year = {2024},
author = {Vosseberg, J and van Hooff, JJE and Köstlbacher, S and Panagiotou, K and Tamarit, D and Ettema, TJG},
title = {The emerging view on the origin and early evolution of eukaryotic cells.},
journal = {Nature},
volume = {633},
number = {8029},
pages = {295-305},
pmid = {39261613},
issn = {1476-4687},
mesh = {*Eukaryotic Cells/cytology/metabolism ; *Symbiosis ; *Biological Evolution ; Archaea/genetics/classification/cytology ; Mitochondria/genetics/metabolism ; Bacteria/genetics/cytology/classification/metabolism ; Prokaryotic Cells/cytology/metabolism/classification ; Phylogeny ; Animals ; Eukaryota/genetics/classification/cytology ; },
abstract = {The origin of the eukaryotic cell, with its compartmentalized nature and generally large size compared with bacterial and archaeal cells, represents a cornerstone event in the evolution of complex life on Earth. In a process referred to as eukaryogenesis, the eukaryotic cell is believed to have evolved between approximately 1.8 and 2.7 billion years ago from its archaeal ancestors, with a symbiosis with a bacterial (proto-mitochondrial) partner being a key event. In the tree of life, the branch separating the first from the last common ancestor of all eukaryotes is long and lacks evolutionary intermediates. As a result, the timing and driving forces of the emergence of complex eukaryotic features remain poorly understood. During the past decade, environmental and comparative genomic studies have revealed vital details about the identity and nature of the host cell and the proto-mitochondrial endosymbiont, enabling a critical reappraisal of hypotheses underlying the symbiotic origin of the eukaryotic cell. Here we outline our current understanding of the key players and events underlying the emergence of cellular complexity during the prokaryote-to-eukaryote transition and discuss potential avenues of future research that might provide new insights into the enigmatic origin of the eukaryotic cell.},
}
@article {pmid39261424,
year = {2024},
author = {Evrensel, A},
title = {Probiotics and Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in Major Depression: Doxa or Episteme?.},
journal = {Advances in experimental medicine and biology},
volume = {1456},
number = {},
pages = {67-83},
pmid = {39261424},
issn = {0065-2598},
mesh = {*Fecal Microbiota Transplantation/methods ; Humans ; *Probiotics/therapeutic use ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; *Depressive Disorder, Major/therapy/microbiology ; Antidepressive Agents/therapeutic use ; Animals ; },
abstract = {In the human body, eukaryotic somatic cells and prokaryotic microorganisms live together. In this state, the body can be viewed as a "superorganism." Symbiotic life with commensal microorganisms can be observed in almost every part of the body. Intestinal microbiota plays an important role in health and disease, and in shaping and regulating neuronal functions from the intrauterine period to the end of life. Microbiota-based treatment opportunities are becoming more evident in both understanding the etiopathogenesis and treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders, especially depression. Antidepressant drugs, which are the first choice in the treatment of depression, also have antimicrobial and immunomodulatory mechanisms of action. From these perspectives, direct probiotics and fecal microbiota transplantation are treatment options to modulate microbiota composition. There are few preclinical and clinical studies on the effectiveness and safety of these applications in depression. The information obtained from these studies may still be at a doxa level. However, the probability that this information will become episteme in the future seems to be increasing.},
}
@article {pmid39253440,
year = {2024},
author = {Frail, S and Steele-Ogus, M and Doenier, J and Moulin, SLY and Braukmann, T and Xu, S and Yeh, E},
title = {Genomes of nitrogen-fixing eukaryotes reveal a non-canonical model of organellogenesis.},
journal = {bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {39253440},
issn = {2692-8205},
support = {S10 OD030441/OD/NIH HHS/United States ; T32 AI007328/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States ; T32 GM007276/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/United States ; },
abstract = {Endosymbiont gene transfer and import of host-encoded proteins are considered hallmarks of organelles necessary for stable integration of two cells. However, newer endosymbiotic models have challenged the origin and timing of such genetic integration during organellogenesis. Epithemia diatoms contain diazoplasts, closely related to recently-described nitrogen-fixing organelles, that are also stably integrated and co-speciating with their host algae. We report genomic analyses of two species, freshwater E.clementina and marine E.pelagica, which are highly divergent but share a common endosymbiotic origin. We found minimal evidence of genetic integration: nonfunctional diazoplast-to-nuclear DNA transfers in the E.clementina genome and 6 host-encoded proteins of unknown function in the E.clementina diazoplast proteome, far fewer than in other recently-acquired organelles. Epithemia diazoplasts are a valuable counterpoint to existing organellogenesis models, demonstrating that endosymbionts can be stably integrated and inherited absent significant genetic integration. The minimal genetic integration makes diazoplasts valuable blueprints for bioengineering endosymbiotic compartments de novo.},
}
@article {pmid39260265,
year = {2024},
author = {Wei, H and Wang, Z and Wang, J and Mao, X and He, W and Hu, W and Tang, M and Chen, H},
title = {Mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal perennial ryegrass roots exhibit differential regulation of lipid and Ca[2+] signaling pathways in response to low and high temperature stresses.},
journal = {Plant physiology and biochemistry : PPB},
volume = {216},
number = {},
pages = {109099},
doi = {10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.109099},
pmid = {39260265},
issn = {1873-2690},
abstract = {Lipids and Ca[2+] are involved as intermediate messengers in temperature-sensing signaling pathways. Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis is a mutualistic symbiosis between fungi and terrestrial plants that helps host plants cope with adverse environmental conditions. Nonetheless, the regulatory mechanisms of lipid- and Ca[2+]-mediated signaling pathways in mycorrhizal plants under cold and heat stress have not been determined. The present work focused on investigating the lipid- and Ca[2+]-mediated signaling pathways in arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) and non-mycorrhizal (NM) roots under temperature stress and determining the role of Ca[2+] levels in AM symbiosis and temperature stress tolerance in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) Compared with NM plants, AM symbiosis increased phosphatidic acid (PA) and Ca[2+] signaling in the roots of perennial ryegrass, increasing the expression of genes associated with low temperature (LT) stress, including LpICE1, LpCBF3, LpCOR27, LpCOR47, LpIRI, and LpAFP, and high temperature (HT) stress, including LpHSFC1b, LpHSFC2b, LpsHSP17.8, LpHSP22, LpHSP70, and LpHSP90, under LT and HT conditions. These effects result in modulated antioxidant enzyme activities, reduced lipid peroxidation, and suppressed growth inhibition caused by LT and HT stresses. Furthermore, exogenous Ca[2+] application enhanced AM symbiosis, leading to the upregulation of Ca[2+] signaling pathway genes in roots and ultimately promoting the growth of perennial ryegrass under LT and HT stresses. These findings shed light on lipid and Ca[2+] signal transduction in AM-associated plants under LT and HT stresses, emphasizing that Ca[2+] enhances cold and heat tolerance in mycorrhizal plants.},
}
@article {pmid39260000,
year = {2024},
author = {Lo Porto, A and Amato, G and Gargano, G and Giambalvo, D and Ingraffia, R and Torta, L and Frenda, AS},
title = {Polypropylene microfibers negatively affect soybean growth and nitrogen fixation regardless of soil type and mycorrhizae presence.},
journal = {Journal of hazardous materials},
volume = {480},
number = {},
pages = {135781},
doi = {10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135781},
pmid = {39260000},
issn = {1873-3336},
abstract = {Recent studies have indicated that soil contamination with microplastics (MPs) can negatively affect agricultural productivity, although these effects vary greatly depending on the context. Furthermore, the mechanisms behind these effects remain largely unknown. In this study, we examined the impact of two concentrations of polypropylene (PP) fibers in the soil (0.4 % and 0.8 % w/w) on soybean growth, nitrogen uptake, biological nitrogen fixation (BNF), and water use efficiency by growing plants in two soil types, with and without arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). PP contamination consistently reduced vegetative growth (-12 %, on average compared to the control), with the severity of this effect varying significantly by soil type (more pronounced in Alfisol than in Vertisol). The extent of BNF progressively reduced with the increase in PP contamination level in both soils (on average, -17.1 % in PP0.4 and -27.5 % in PP0.8 compared to the control), which poses clear agro-environmental concerns. Water use efficiency was also reduced due to PP contamination but only in the Alfisol (-9 %, on average). Mycorrhizal symbiosis did not seem to help plants manage the stress caused by PP contamination, although it did lessen the negative impact on BNF. These findings are the first to demonstrate the effect of PP on BNF in soybean plants, underscoring the need to develop strategies to reduce PP pollution in the soil and to mitigate the impact of PP on the functionality and sustainability of agroecosystems.},
}
@article {pmid39258303,
year = {2024},
author = {Silva, NNP and Carvalho, VR and Silva, CB and Bomfim, JPA and Ramos, GS and Oliveira, RC},
title = {First report of the association between Wolbachia and Cotesia flavipes (Hymenoptera: Braconidae): effect on life history parameters of the parasitoid.},
journal = {Bulletin of entomological research},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-8},
doi = {10.1017/S0007485324000361},
pmid = {39258303},
issn = {1475-2670},
abstract = {The symbiosis between microorganisms and host arthropods can cause biological, physiological, and reproductive changes in the host population. The present study aimed to survey facultative symbionts of the genera Wolbachia, Arsenophonus, Cardinium, Rickettsia, and Nosema in Cotesia flavipes (Cameron) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) and Diatraea saccharalis (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in the laboratory and evaluate the influence of infection on the fitness of these hosts. For this purpose, 16S rDNA primers were used to detect these facultative symbionts in the host species, and the hosts' biological and morphological features were evaluated for changes resulting from the infection caused by these microorganisms. The bacterial symbionts studied herein were not detected in the D. saccharalis samples analysed, but the endosymbiont Wolbachia was detected in C. flavipes and altered the biological and morphological aspects of this parasitoid insect. The results of this study may help to elucidate the role of Wolbachia in maintaining the quality of populations/lineages of C. flavipes.},
}
@article {pmid39257987,
year = {2024},
author = {Mfopit, YM and Bilgo, E and Boma, S and Somda, MB and Gnambani, JE and Konkobo, M and Diabate, A and Dayo, GK and Mamman, M and Kelm, S and Balogun, EO and Shuaibu, MN and Kabir, J},
title = {Symbiotic bacteria Sodalis glossinidius, Spiroplasma sp and Wolbachia do not favour Trypanosoma grayi coexistence in wild population of tsetse flies collected in Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso.},
journal = {Research square},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.21203/rs.3.rs-4756528/v1},
pmid = {39257987},
issn = {2693-5015},
abstract = {Background. Tsetse flies, the biological vectors of African trypanosomes, have established symbiotic associations with different bacteria. Their vector competence is suggested to be affected by bacterial endosymbionts. The current study provided the prevalence of three tsetse symbiotic bacteria and trypanosomes in Glossina species from Burkina Faso. Results. A total of 430 tsetse flies were captured using biconical traps in four different collection sites around Bobo-Dioulasso (Bama, Bana, Nasso, and Peni), and their guts were removed. Two hundred tsetse were randomly selected and their guts were screened byPCR for the presence of Sodalis glossinidius , Spiroplasma sp., Wolbachia and trypanosomes. Of the 200 tsetse, 196 (98.0%) were Glossina palpalis gambiense and 4 (2.0%) Glossina tachinoides . The overall symbiont prevalence was 49.0%, 96.5%, and 45.0%, respectively for S. glossinidius , Spiroplasma and Wolbachia . Prevalence varied between sampling locations: S. glossinidius (54.7%, 38.5%, 31.6%, 70.8%); Spiroplasma (100%, 100%, 87.7%, 100%); and Wolbachia (43.4%, 38.5%, 38.6%, 70.8%),respectively in Bama, Bana, Nasso and Peni. Noteworthy, no G. tachhnoides was infected by S. glossinidius and Wolbachia , but they were all infected by Spiroplasma sp . A total of 196 (98.0 %) harbored at least one endosymbionts. Fifty-five (27.5%) carried single endosymbiont. Trypanosomes were found only in G.p. gambiense , but not G. tachinoides . Trypanosomes were present in flies from all study locations with an overall prevalence of 29.5%. In Bama, Bana, Nasso, and Peni, the trypanosome infection rate was respectively 39.6%, 23.1%, 8.8%, and 37.5%. Remarkably, only Trypanosoma grayi was present. Of all trypanosome-infected flies, 55.9%, 98.3%, and 33.9% hosted S. glossinidius , Spiroplasma sp and Wolbachia , respectively. There was no association between Sodalis , Spiroplasma and trypanosome presence, but there was a negative association with Wolbachia presence. We reported1.9 times likelihood of trypanosome absence when Wolbachia was present. Conclusion : This is the first survey reporting the presence of Trypanosoma grayi in tsetse from Burkina Faso. Tsetse from these localities were highly positive for symbiotic bacteria, more predominantly with Spiroplasma sp . Modifications of symbiotic interactions may pave way for disease control.},
}
@article {pmid39257536,
year = {2024},
author = {Li, L and Ge, S and He, L and Liu, R and Mei, Y and Xia, X and Yu, J and Zhou, Y},
title = {SlDELLA interacts with SlPIF4 to regulate arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis and phosphate uptake in tomato.},
journal = {Horticulture research},
volume = {11},
number = {9},
pages = {uhae195},
doi = {10.1093/hr/uhae195},
pmid = {39257536},
issn = {2662-6810},
abstract = {Arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis (AMS), a complex and delicate process, is precisely regulated by a multitude of transcription factors. PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTORS (PIFs) are critical in plant growth and stress responses. However, the involvement of PIFs in AMS and the molecular mechanisms underlying their regulator functions have not been well elucidated. Here, we show that SlPIF4 negatively regulates the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) colonization and AMS-induced phosphate uptake in tomato. Protein-protein interaction studies suggest that SlDELLA interacts with SlPIF4, reducing its protein stability and inhibiting its transcriptional activity towards downstream target genes. This interaction promotes the accumulation of strigolactones (SLs), facilitating AMS development and phosphate uptake. As a transcription factor, SlPIF4 directly transcriptionally regulates genes involved in SLs biosynthesis, including SlCCD7, SlCDD8, and SlMAX1, as well as the AMS-specific phosphate transporter genes PT4 and PT5. Collectively, our findings uncover a molecular mechanism by which the SlDELLA-SlPIF4 module regulates AMS and phosphate uptake in tomato. We clarify a molecular basis for how SlPIF4 interacts with SLs to regulate the AMS and propose a potential strategy to improve phosphate utilization efficiency by targeting the AMS-specific phosphate transporter genes PTs.},
}
@article {pmid39256385,
year = {2024},
author = {Kou, Y and Zhang, S and Chen, J and Shen, Y and Zhang, Z and Huang, H and Ma, Y and Xiang, Y and Liao, L and Zhou, J and Cheng, W and Zhou, Y and Yang, H and Liu, Z and Wei, Y and Wang, H and Wang, Y},
title = {A mouse protozoan boosts antigen-specific mucosal IgA responses in a specific lipid metabolism- and signaling-dependent manner.},
journal = {Nature communications},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {7914},
pmid = {39256385},
issn = {2041-1723},
support = {81770853//National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China)/ ; 81700774//National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China)/ ; BK20231172//Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (Jiangsu Provincial Natural Science Foundation)/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Lipid Metabolism/immunology ; *Mice, Inbred C57BL ; *Immunoglobulin A/immunology/metabolism ; *Signal Transduction/immunology ; Mice ; *Immunity, Mucosal ; *Receptors, Leukotriene B4/metabolism/immunology ; Arachidonic Acid/metabolism ; Intestinal Mucosa/immunology/metabolism ; Female ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome/immunology ; Mice, Knockout ; },
abstract = {IgA antibodies play an important role in mucosal immunity. However, there is still no effective way to consistently boost mucosal IgA responses, and the factors influencing these responses are not fully understood. We observed that colonization with the murine intestinal symbiotic protozoan Tritrichomonas musculis (T.mu) boosted antigen-specific mucosal IgA responses in wild-type C57BL/6 mice. This enhancement was attributed to the accumulation of free arachidonic acid (ARA) in the intestinal lumen, which served as a signal to stimulate the production of antigen-specific mucosal IgA. When ARA was prevented from undergoing its downstream metabolic transformation using the 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor zileuton or by blocking its downstream biological signaling through genetic deletion of the Leukotriene B4 receptor 1 (Blt1), the T.mu-mediated enhancement of antigen-specific mucosal IgA production was suppressed. Moreover, both T.mu transfer and dietary supplementation of ARA augmented the efficacy of an oral vaccine against Salmonella infection, with this effect being dependent on Blt1. Our findings elucidate a tripartite circuit linking nutrients from the diet or intestinal microbiota, host lipid metabolism, and the mucosal humoral immune response.},
}
@article {pmid39255948,
year = {2024},
author = {Ren, Z and Li, H and Sun, P and Fu, R and Bai, Z and Zhang, G and Sun, L and Wei, Y},
title = {Development and challenges of emerging biological technologies for algal-bacterial symbiosis systems: A review.},
journal = {Bioresource technology},
volume = {413},
number = {},
pages = {131459},
doi = {10.1016/j.biortech.2024.131459},
pmid = {39255948},
issn = {1873-2976},
abstract = {The algal-bacterial symbiosis system (ABSS) is considered as a sustainable wastewater treatment process. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the mechanisms of ABSS for the removal of common pollutant, heavy metals, and especially for emerging pollutants. For the macroscopical level, this review not only describes in detail the reactor types, influencing factors, and the development of the algal-bacterial process, but also innovatively proposes an emerging process that combines an ABSS with other processes, which enhances the efficiency of removing difficult-to-biodegrade pollutants. Further for the microscopic level, interactions between algae and bacteria, including nutrient exchange, signaling transmission and gene transfer, have been deeply discussed the symbiotic relationship with nutrient removal and biomass production. Finally, recommendations are given for the future development of the ABSS. This review comprehensively examines ABSS principles, development, algal-bacterial interactions, and application in wastewater treatment, aiming to deepen theoretical and practical understanding and advance ABSS technology.},
}
@article {pmid39255756,
year = {2024},
author = {Matz, MV},
title = {Not-so-mutually beneficial coral symbiosis.},
journal = {Current biology : CB},
volume = {34},
number = {17},
pages = {R798-R801},
doi = {10.1016/j.cub.2024.07.047},
pmid = {39255756},
issn = {1879-0445},
mesh = {*Symbiosis ; Animals ; *Anthozoa/physiology ; },
abstract = {The partnership between corals and their intracellular algal symbionts has long been a textbook example of a mutually beneficial association. Here I argue that this view has been made obsolete by a steady accumulation of evidence over the past three decades. The coral-algal relationship is perhaps better viewed as one of domestication - think of it like a cattle farm, in which the coral is the farmer and the algae are the cows. I synthesize old and new evidence in support of this updated view and highlight remaining knowledge gaps, the largest of which continues to be the natural history of algal symbionts.},
}
@article {pmid39255516,
year = {2024},
author = {Mhamdi, R and Gtari, M},
title = {Tracking the trajectory of frankia research through bibliometrics: Trends and future directions.},
journal = {Canadian journal of microbiology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1139/cjm-2024-0030},
pmid = {39255516},
issn = {1480-3275},
abstract = {Frankia represent a unique group of filamentous, sporangia-forming bacteria, renowned for their exceptional capacity to establish symbiotic partnerships with actinorhizal plants. The objective of this paper is to offer quantitative insights into the current state of frankia research and its future potential. A comprehensive bibliometric analysis of two decades (2000-2022) was conducted using Scopus and SciVal. A steady increase in annual publication and international collaboration was observed, particularly since 2013. Research performance metrics for the last five years (2018-2022) indicate China and India as leaders with high FWCI scores. This analysis highlighted prominent authors, research groups, and the evolving research landscape, suggesting an increasing focus on molecular and genomic aspects. The genomic era has transformed our understanding of frankia biology, highlighting their significance in diverse ecological and agricultural contexts. This study comprehensively maps the evolving landscape of frankia research, emphasizing key milestones that have catalysed international interest in frankia-actinorhizal research, expanding our perception of frankia's capabilities beyond its traditional symbiotic role. As research in this field progresses, a deeper comprehension of frankia-plant interactions, symbiotic signalling, and the intricacies of metabolic pathways holds the promise of revealing innovative techniques for optimizing nitrogen fixation and broadening the spectrum of host plants.},
}
@article {pmid39254792,
year = {2024},
author = {Reddy, KTK and Rakesh, K and Prathyusha, S and Gupta, JK and Nagasree, K and Lokeshvar, R and Elumalai, S and Prasad, PD and Kolli, D},
title = {Revolutionizing Diabetes Care: The Role of Marine Bioactive Compounds and Microorganisms.},
journal = {Cell biochemistry and biophysics},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {39254792},
issn = {1559-0283},
abstract = {Diabetes is a metabolic condition characterized by high blood glucose levels. Aquatic products like microalgae, bacteria, seagrasses, macroalgae, corals, and sponges have been investigated for potential anti-diabetic properties. We looked at polyphenols, peptides, pigments, and sterols, as well as other bioactive substances found in marine resources, to see if they could help treat or manage diabetes, in addition to describing the several treatment strategies that alter diabetes and its implications, such as inhibition of protein tyrosine phosphatases 1B (PTP1B), α-glucosidase, α-amylase, dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV), aldose reductase, lipase, glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β), and insulin resistance prevention, promotion of liver antioxidant capacity, natural killer cell stimulant, anti-inflammatory actions, increased AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation and sugar and metabolism of the lipid, reducing oxidative stress, and β-pancreatic cell prevention. This study highlights the revolutionary potential of marine bioactive compounds and microorganisms in transforming diabetes care. We believe in a future in which innovative, sustainable, and efficient therapeutic approaches will result in improved quality of life and better outcomes for people with diabetes mellitus by forging a new path for treatment, utilizing the power of the world's oceans, and capitalizing on the symbiotic relationship between humans and the marine ecosystem. This study area offers optimism and promising opportunities for transforming diabetes care.},
}
@article {pmid39254306,
year = {2024},
author = {Bargabos, R and Iinishi, A and Hawkins, B and Privalsky, T and Pitt, N and Son, S and Corsetti, R and Gates, MF and Miller, RD and Lewis, K},
title = {Small molecule produced by Photorhabdus interferes with ubiquinone biosynthesis in Gram-negative bacteria.},
journal = {mBio},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e0116724},
doi = {10.1128/mbio.01167-24},
pmid = {39254306},
issn = {2150-7511},
abstract = {UNLABELLED: We report the identification of 3,6-dihydroxy-1,2-benzisoxazole (DHB) in a screen of Photorhabdus and Xenorhabdus, whose symbiotic relationship with eukaryotic nematodes favors secondary metabolites that meet several requirements matching those for clinically useful antibiotics. DHB is produced by Photorhabdus laumondii and is selective against the Gram-negative species Escherichia coli, Enterobacter cloacae, Serratia marcescens, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, and Acinetobacter baumannii. It is inactive against anaerobic gut bacteria and nontoxic to human cells. Mutants resistant to DHB map to the ubiquinone biosynthesis pathway. DHB binds to 4-hydroxybenzoate octaprenyltransferase (UbiA) and prevents the formation of 4-hydroxy-3-octaprenylbenzoate. Remarkably, DHB itself is prenylated, forming an unusable chimeric product that likely contributes to the toxic effect of this antimicrobial. DHB appears to be both a competitive enzyme inhibitor and a prodrug; this dual mode of action is unusual for an antimicrobial compound.<br><br>IMPORTANCE: The spread of resistant pathogens has led to the antimicrobial resistance crisis, and the need for new compounds acting against Gram-negative pathogens is especially acute. From a screen of Photorhabdus symbionts of nematodes, we identified 3,6-dihydroxy-1,2-benzisoxazole (DHB) that acts against a range of Gram-negative bacteria, including Escherichia coli, Enterobacter cloacae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Acinetobacter baumannii. DHB had previously been isolated from other bacterial species, but its mechanism of action remained unknown. We show that DHB is unique among antimicrobials, with dual action as an inhibitor of an important enzyme, UbiA, in the biosynthesis pathway of ubiquinone and as a prodrug. DHB is a mimic of the natural substrate, and UbiA modifies it into a toxic product, contributing to the antimicrobial action of this unusual antibiotic. We also uncover the mechanism of DHB selectivity, which depends on a particular fold of the UbiA enzyme.},
}
@article {pmid39253934,
year = {2024},
author = {Kaur, S and Deb, A},
title = {The Role of Mycorrhizal Fungi in Orchids Mycobiont and Orchids.},
journal = {Recent patents on biotechnology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.2174/0118722083312186240822051057},
pmid = {39253934},
issn = {2212-4012},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: In nature, orchid plants are obligate myco-heterotrophs, and rely on mycorrhizal nutrient resources to grow and sustain in the wild, until they become physiologically active photosynthetic plants. Their seeds lack nutrient reserves and receive the necessary carbon from symbiotic fungi during germination. A mycorrhizal fungus provides nutrients, especially sugars, as well as water to the corresponding host plant. The range and distribution of orchid mycorrhizal fungi influence the survivability of orchid populations in their natural habitats. Mycorrhizae form symbiotic connections with the parenchymatous tissues of the roots of orchid plants.<br><br>OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to examine the presence of mycorrhiza in the roots of Aerides multiflora during the vegetative phase Methods: Fresh roots were hand-sectioned, and thin sections were observed under the microscope to locate the presence of mycorrhiza. Simultaneously, to observe the expansion of mycorrhiza in the cortical region.<br><br>RESULTS: During the vegetative phase of plant growth, a peloton-like structure forms within the cortical region of the orchid roots. Mycorrhizae was observed to be distributed throughout the cortical layer of the root.<br><br>CONCLUSION: This communication reviews the role of mycorrhiza in orchid plants.},
}
@article {pmid39253787,
year = {2024},
author = {Cheng, S and Gong, X and Xue, W and Kardol, P and Delgado-Baquerizo, M and Ling, N and Chen, X and Liu, M},
title = {Evolutionarily conserved core microbiota as an extended trait in nitrogen acquisition strategy of herbaceous species.},
journal = {The New phytologist},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/nph.20118},
pmid = {39253787},
issn = {1469-8137},
support = {42077047//National Foundation of Sciences in China/ ; lzujbky-2022-ct04//Fundamental Research Funds for the Central University of China/ ; 2021YFD1700202//National Key R&amp;D program/ ; },
abstract = {Microbiota have co-evolved with plants over millions of years and are intimately linked to plants, ranging from symbiosis to pathogenesis. However, our understanding of the existence of a shared core microbiota across phylogenetically diverse plants remains limited. A common garden field experiment was conducted to investigate the rhizosphere microbial communities of phylogenetically contrasting herbaceous families. Through a combination of metagenomic sequencing, analysis of plant economic traits, and soil biochemical properties, we aimed to elucidate the eco-evolutionary role of the core rhizosphere microbiota in light of plant economic strategies. We identified a conserved core microbiota consisting of 278 taxa that was closely associated with the phylogeny of the plants studied. This core microbiota actively participated in multiple nitrogen metabolic processes and showed a strong correlation with the functional potential of rhizosphere nitrogen cycling, thereby serving as an extended trait in the plant nitrogen acquisition. Furthermore, our examination of simulated species loss revealed the crucial role of the core microbiota in maintaining the rhizosphere community's network stability. Our study highlighted that the core microbiota, which exhibited a phylogenetically conserved association with plants, potentially represented an extension of the plant phenotype and played an important role in nitrogen acquisition. These findings held implications for the utilization of microbiota-mediated plant functions.},
}
@article {pmid39252886,
year = {2024},
author = {Ashrafi, H and Ďuriš, Z and Anker, A},
title = {Description and Phylogenetic Position of a New Genus and Species of Deep-Water Alpheid Shrimp Associated with Glass Sponges off New Caledonia (Decapoda: Caridea).},
journal = {Zoological studies},
volume = {63},
number = {},
pages = {e3},
doi = {10.6620/ZS.2024.63-03},
pmid = {39252886},
issn = {1810-522X},
abstract = {Batellopsis paula gen. et sp. nov., a new hexactinellid-associated alpheid shrimp, is described based on a single specimen collected at a depth of 477-503 m north of Île des Pins, New Caledonia. Batellopsis gen. nov. is part of a clade of four genera all containing hexactinellid-associated species, for which a molecular phylogeny is presented. The evolution of several morphological characters, including orbital teeth, a bulgefossa system on the fingers of the first pereiopod chela, and groups of microserrulate setae on the second pereiopod chela, is discussed in light of phylogenetic results.},
}
@article {pmid39252856,
year = {2024},
author = {Pang, Q and Wang, D and Jiang, Z and Abdalla, M and Xie, L and Zhu, X and Peng, F and Smith, P and Wang, L and Miao, L and Hou, J and Yu, P and He, F and Xu, B},
title = {Intensified river salinization alters nitrogen-cycling microbial communities in arid and semi-arid regions of China.},
journal = {Eco-Environment &amp; Health},
volume = {3},
number = {3},
pages = {271-280},
pmid = {39252856},
issn = {2772-9850},
abstract = {Freshwater salinization is receiving increasing global attention due to its profound influence on nitrogen cycling in aquatic ecosystems and the accessibility of water resources. However, a comprehensive understanding of the changes in river salinization and the impacts of salinity on nitrogen cycling in arid and semi-arid regions of China is currently lacking. A meta-analysis was first conducted based on previous investigations and found an intensification in river salinization that altered hydrochemical characteristics. To further analyze the impact of salinity on nitrogen metabolism processes, we evaluated rivers with long-term salinity gradients based on in situ observations. The genes and enzymes that were inhibited generally by salinity, especially those involved in nitrogen fixation and nitrification, showed low abundances in three salinity levels. The abundance of genes and enzymes with denitrification and dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium functions still maintained a high proportion, especially for denitrification genes/enzymes that were enriched under medium salinity. Denitrifying bacteria exhibited various relationships with salinity, while dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium bacterium (such as Hydrogenophaga and Curvibacter carrying nirB) were more inhibited by salinity, indicating that diverse denitrifying bacteria could be used to regulate nitrogen concentration. Most genera exhibited symbiotic and mutual relationships, and the highest proportion of significant positive correlations of abundant genera was found under medium salinity. This study emphasizes the role of river salinity on environment characteristics and nitrogen transformation rules, and our results are useful for improving the availability of river water resources in arid and semi-arid regions.},
}
@article {pmid39252413,
year = {2024},
author = {Jiménez, A and Gutiérrez, A and Orozco, A and Vargas, G and Morales, I and Sánchez, E and Muñoz, E and Soto, F and Martínez-Téllez, M&#xc1; and Esqueda, M},
title = {Native arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi drive ecophysiology through phenotypic integration and functional plasticity under the Sonoran desert conditions.},
journal = {Physiologia plantarum},
volume = {176},
number = {5},
pages = {e14521},
doi = {10.1111/ppl.14521},
pmid = {39252413},
issn = {1399-3054},
mesh = {*Mycorrhizae/physiology ; *Desert Climate ; *Phenotype ; Capsicum/microbiology/physiology/radiation effects ; Photosynthesis/physiology ; Symbiosis/physiology ; Sunlight ; Biomass ; },
abstract = {Knowledge is scarce to what extent environmental drivers and native symbiotic fungi in soil induce abrupt (short-term), systemic (multiple traits), or specific (a subset of traits) shifts in C3 plants' ecophysiological/mycorrhizal responses. We cultivated an emblematic native C3 species (Capsicum annuum var. glabriusculum, "Chiltepín") to look at how the extreme heat of the Sonoran desert, sunlight regimes (low = 2, intermediate = 15, high = 46 mol m[2] d[-1]) and density of native arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in soil (low AMF = 1% v/v, high AMF = 100% v/v), drive shifts on mycorrhizal responses through multiple functional traits (106 traits). The warming thresholds were relentlessly harsh even under intensive shade (e.g. superheat maximum thresholds reached ranged between 47-63°C), and several pivotal traits were synergistically driven by AMF (e.g. photosynthetic capacity, biomass gain/allometry, and mycorrhizal colonization traits); whereas concurrently, sunlight regimes promoted most (76%) alterations in functional acclimation traits in the short-term and opposite directions (e.g. survival, phenology, photosynthetic, carbon/nitrogen economy). Multidimensional reduction analysis suggests that the AMF promotes a synergistic impact on plants' phenotypic integration and functional plasticity in response to sunlight regimes; however, complex relationships among traits suggest that phenotypic variation determines the robustness degree of ecophysiological/mycorrhizal phenotypes between/within environments. Photosynthetic canopy surface expansion, Rubisco activity, photosynthetic nitrogen allocation, carbon gain, and differential colonization traits could be central to plants' overall ecophysiological/mycorrhizal fitness strengthening. In conclusion, we found evidence that a strong combined effect among environmental factors in which AMF are key effectors could drive important trade-offs on plants' ecophysiological/mycorrhizal fitness in the short term.},
}
@article {pmid39252145,
year = {2024},
author = {Wang, Y and Zhang, Y and Li, R and Qian, B and Du, X and Qiu, X and Chen, M and Shi, G and Wei, J and Wei, XL and Wu, Q},
title = {Exploration on cold adaptation of Antarctic lichen via detection of positive selection genes.},
journal = {IMA fungus},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {29},
pmid = {39252145},
issn = {2210-6340},
support = {XDB31000000//Strategic Priority Research Program of Science/ ; 32170082//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 91746119//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 32070096//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; KJZ-YY-WSM05//Space Application System of China Manned Space Program/ ; XDA28030401//Strategic Priority Research Program of Science/ ; 32170015//Innovative Research Group Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; KEXUE2019GZ05//Senior User Project of RV KEXUE/ ; },
abstract = {Lichen as mutualistic symbiosis is the dominant organism in various extreme terrestrial environment on Earth, however, the mechanisms of their adaptation to extreme habitats have not been fully elucidated. In this study, we chose the Antarctic dominant lichen species Usnea aurantiacoatra to generate a high-quality genome, carried out phylogenetic analysis using maximum likelihood and identify genes under positive selection. We performed functional enrichment analysis on the positively selected genes (PSGs) and found that most of the PSGs focused on transmembrane transporter activity and vacuole components. This suggest that the genes related to energy storage and transport in Antarctic U. aurantiacoatra were affected by environmental pressure. Inside of the 86 PSGs screened, two protein interaction networks were identified, which were RNA helicase related proteins and regulator of G-protein signaling related proteins. The regulator of the G-protein signaling gene (UaRGS1) was chosen to perform further verification by the lichen genetic manipulation system Umbilicaria muhlenbergii. Given that the absence of UmRgs1 resulted in elevated lethality to cold shock, the role for UaRgs1 in Antarctic U. aurantiacoatra resistance to cold can be inferred. The investigation of lichen adaptation to extreme environments at the molecular level will be opened up.},
}
@article {pmid39251211,
year = {2024},
author = {Fiorilli, V and Martínez-Medina, A and Pozo, MJ and Lanfranco, L},
title = {Plant Immunity Modulation in Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbiosis and Its Impact on Pathogens and Pests.},
journal = {Annual review of phytopathology},
volume = {62},
number = {1},
pages = {127-156},
doi = {10.1146/annurev-phyto-121423-042014},
pmid = {39251211},
issn = {1545-2107},
mesh = {*Mycorrhizae/physiology ; *Symbiosis ; *Plant Immunity ; Plants/immunology/microbiology ; Plant Diseases/microbiology/immunology ; },
abstract = {Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis is the oldest and most widespread mutualistic association on Earth and involves plants and soil fungi belonging to Glomeromycotina. A complex molecular, cellular, and genetic developmental program enables partner recognition, fungal accommodation in plant tissues, and activation of symbiotic functions such as transfer of phosphorus in exchange for carbohydrates and lipids. AM fungi, as ancient obligate biotrophs, have evolved strategies to circumvent plant defense responses to guarantee an intimate and long-lasting mutualism. They are among those root-associated microorganisms able to boost plants' ability to cope with biotic stresses leading to mycorrhiza-induced resistance (MIR), which can be effective across diverse hosts and against different attackers. Here, we examine the molecular mechanisms underlying the modulation of plant immunity during colonization by AM fungi and at the onset and display of MIR against belowground and aboveground pests and pathogens. Understanding the MIR efficiency spectrum and its regulation is of great importance to optimizing the biotechnological application of these beneficial microbes for sustainable crop protection.},
}
@article {pmid39250880,
year = {2024},
author = {Miura, C and Tominaga, T and Kaminaka, H},
title = {Different roles of the phytohormone gibberellin in the wide-spread arbuscular mycorrhiza and in orchid mycorrhiza.},
journal = {Current opinion in plant biology},
volume = {82},
number = {},
pages = {102627},
doi = {10.1016/j.pbi.2024.102627},
pmid = {39250880},
issn = {1879-0356},
abstract = {Gibberellin (GA) is a classical plant hormone that regulates many physiological processes, such as plant growth, development, and environmental responses. GA inhibits arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis, the most ancient and widespread type of mycorrhizal symbiosis. Knowledge about mycorrhizal symbioses at the molecular level has been obtained mainly in model plants such as legumes and rice. In contrast, molecular mechanisms in non-model plants are still unclear. Recent studies have revealed the novel roles of GA in mycorrhizal symbioses: its positive effect in Paris-type AM symbiosis in Eustoma grandiflorum and its negative effect on both seed germination and mycorrhizal symbiosis in orchids. This review focuses on the recent data on GA function in AM and orchid mycorrhizal symbioses.},
}
@article {pmid39249589,
year = {2024},
author = {Pena, R and Tibbett, M},
title = {Mycorrhizal symbiosis and the nitrogen nutrition of forest trees.},
journal = {Applied microbiology and biotechnology},
volume = {108},
number = {1},
pages = {461},
pmid = {39249589},
issn = {1432-0614},
support = {NE/W005816/1//Natural Environment Research Council/ ; },
mesh = {*Mycorrhizae/physiology ; *Symbiosis ; *Nitrogen/metabolism ; *Forests ; *Trees/microbiology ; Soil Microbiology ; Soil/chemistry ; Carbon/metabolism ; Ecosystem ; },
abstract = {Terrestrial plants form primarily mutualistic symbiosis with mycorrhizal fungi based on a compatible exchange of solutes between plant and fungal partners. A key attribute of this symbiosis is the acquisition of soil nutrients by the fungus for the benefit of the plant in exchange for a carbon supply to the fungus. The interaction can range from mutualistic to parasitic depending on environmental and physiological contexts. This review considers current knowledge of the functionality of ectomycorrhizal (EM) symbiosis in the mobilisation and acquisition of soil nitrogen (N) in northern hemisphere forest ecosystems, highlighting the functional diversity of the fungi and the variation of symbiotic benefits, including the dynamics of N transfer to the plant. It provides an overview of recent advances in understanding 'mycorrhizal decomposition' for N release from organic or mineral-organic forms. Additionally, it emphasises the taxon-specific traits of EM fungi in soil N uptake. While the effects of EM communities on tree N are likely consistent across different communities regardless of species composition, the sink activities of various fungal taxa for tree carbon and N resources drive the dynamic continuum of mutualistic interactions. We posit that ectomycorrhizas contribute in a species-specific but complementary manner to benefit tree N nutrition. Therefore, alterations in diversity may impact fungal-plant resource exchange and, ultimately, the role of ectomycorrhizas in tree N nutrition. Understanding the dynamics of EM functions along the mutualism-parasitism continuum in forest ecosystems is essential for the effective management of ecosystem restoration and resilience amidst climate change. KEY POINTS: • Mycorrhizal symbiosis spans a continuum from invested to appropriated benefits. • Ectomycorrhizal fungal communities exhibit a high functional diversity. • Tree nitrogen nutrition benefits from the diversity of ectomycorrhizal fungi.},
}
@article {pmid39249553,
year = {2024},
author = {Morimura, H and Ishigami, K and Sato, T and Sone, T and Kikuchi, Y},
title = {Geographical, Seasonal, and Growth-Related Dynamics of Gut Microbiota in a Grapevine Pest, Apolygus spinolae (Heteroptera: Miridae).},
journal = {Microbial ecology},
volume = {87},
number = {1},
pages = {112},
pmid = {39249553},
issn = {1432-184X},
support = {22KJ0057//Japan Society for the Promotion of Science/ ; 21K20579//Japan Society for the Promotion of Science/ ; S-3-7//Northern Advancement Center for Science and Technology/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; *Vitis/microbiology ; *Heteroptera/microbiology/growth &amp; development ; *Seasons ; *Bacteria/classification/genetics/isolation &amp; purification ; *Symbiosis ; Japan ; Nymph/microbiology/growth &amp; development ; },
abstract = {A number of insects are associated with gut symbiotic microorganisms, wherein symbiotic partners play pivotal metabolic roles for each other such as nutrient supplementation, diet degradation, and pesticide detoxification. Despite the ecological and evolutionary importance of gut microbial communities in insects, their diversity and dynamics remain unclear in many species. The green plant bug Apolygus spinolae, a notorious grapevine pest in Japan, damages grape shoots and severely reduces grape berry yield and quality. The plant bug possesses a simple tubular gut housing ~ 10[4] bacteria. Here, we investigated geographic, seasonal, and growth-related dynamics of gut microbiota by high-throughput sequencing in 82 individuals (11 nymphs and 71 adults) from five locations in Hokkaido, Japan. In plant bugs, gut microbiota changed dynamically depending on region, season, and developmental stage. Among the gut bacteria, Serratia was consistently and abundantly detected and was significantly affected by seasonal changes. In addition, Caballeronia, known as a specific symbiont in some stinkbug species, was abundantly detected, especially in insects collected in late summer despite A. spinolae complete lack of midgut crypts known as symbiotic organ harboring Caballeronia in other stinkbug species. Considering their prevalence among host bug populations, it is possible these gut microorganisms play a pivotal role in the adaptation of the green plant bug to grapevine fields, although further confirmation through rearing experiments is needed.},
}
@article {pmid39246685,
year = {2024},
author = {Taboada-Castro, H and Hernández-Álvarez, AJ and Castro-Mondragón, JA and Encarnación-Guevara, S},
title = {RhizoBindingSites v2.0 Is a Bioinformatic Database of DNA Motifs Potentially Involved in Transcriptional Regulation Deduced From Their Genomic Sites.},
journal = {Bioinformatics and biology insights},
volume = {18},
number = {},
pages = {11779322241272395},
pmid = {39246685},
issn = {1177-9322},
abstract = {RhizoBindingSites is a de novo depurified database of conserved DNA motifs potentially involved in the transcriptional regulation of the Rhizobium, Sinorhizobium, Bradyrhizobium, Azorhizobium, and Mesorhizobium genera covering 9 representative symbiotic species, deduced from the upstream regulatory sequences of orthologous genes (O-matrices) from the Rhizobiales taxon. The sites collected with O-matrices per gene per genome from RhizoBindingSites were used to deduce matrices using the dyad-Regulatory Sequence Analysis Tool (RSAT) method, giving rise to novel S-matrices for the construction of the RizoBindingSites v2.0 database. A comparison of the S-matrix logos showed a greater frequency and/or re-definition of specific-position nucleotides found in the O-matrices. Moreover, S-matrices were better at detecting genes in the genome, and there was a more significant number of transcription factors (TFs) in the vicinity than O-matrices, corresponding to a more significant genomic coverage for S-matrices. O-matrices of 3187 TFs and S-matrices of 2754 TFs from 9 species were deposited in RhizoBindingSites and RhizoBindingSites v2.0, respectively. The homology between the matrices of TFs from a genome showed inter-regulation between the clustered TFs. In addition, matrices of AraC, ArsR, GntR, and LysR ortholog TFs showed different motifs, suggesting distinct regulation. Benchmarking showed 72%, 68%, and 81% of common genes per regulon for O-matrices and approximately 14% less common genes with S-matrices of Rhizobium etli CFN42, Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae 3841, and Sinorhizobium meliloti 1021. These data were deposited in RhizoBindingSites and the RhizoBindingSites v2.0 database (http://rhizobindingsites.ccg.unam.mx/).},
}
@article {pmid39245985,
year = {2024},
author = {Chong, AQ and Chin, NL and Talib, RA and Basha, RK},
title = {Application of scoby bacterial cellulose as hydrocolloids on physicochemical, textural and sensory characteristics of mango jam.},
journal = {Journal of the science of food and agriculture},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1002/jsfa.13827},
pmid = {39245985},
issn = {1097-0010},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The scoby pellicle of symbiotic culture of bacteria and yeast is a by-product from kombucha fermentation. While a portion is used as starter culture, the remainder is often discarded, yet it can be a valuable source of bacterial cellulose.<br><br>RESULTS: Scoby from black, green and oolong tea kombucha fermentation was assessed for its hydrocolloid effects in mango jam-making through evaluation of physicochemical, textural and sensory characteristics. Quality of jam was significantly improved with water activity reduction up to 22.22% to 0.679, moisture content reduction up to 37.06% to 19.92%, and a pH drop up to 5.9% to 3.19 with the use of 20 to 100&#x2009;g&#x2009;kg[-1] scoby. In colour analysis, presence of scoby led to a brighter jam due to higher L * $$ {L}
^{\ast }
$$ values from 30.98 to a range of 31.82 to 40.83. Texture of jam with scoby gave higher gel strength and adhesiveness, with the most prominent effects from the black tea kombucha. Overall acceptability in sensory test scoring was above 70% on a nine-point hedonic scale with the 40&#x2009;g&#x2009;kg[-1] green tea kombucha scoby jam chosen as the most preferred.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Scoby gave significant contributions to jam stability, appearance and texture, showing potential as a clean-label food ingredient. &#xa9; 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.},
}
@article {pmid39243881,
year = {2024},
author = {Depeux, C and Branger, A and Paulhac, H and Pigeault, R and Beltran-Bech, S},
title = {Deleterious effects of Wolbachia on life history and physiological traits of common pill woodlice.},
journal = {Journal of invertebrate pathology},
volume = {207},
number = {},
pages = {108187},
doi = {10.1016/j.jip.2024.108187},
pmid = {39243881},
issn = {1096-0805},
abstract = {Most of eukaryotic organisms live in close interaction with micro-organisms called symbionts. Symbiotic interactions underpin the evolution of biological complexity, the health of organisms and, ultimately, the proper functioning of ecosystems. While some symbionts confer adaptive benefits on their host (mutualistic symbionts) and others clearly induce costs (parasitic symbionts), a number of micro-organisms are difficult to classify because they have been described as conferring both benefits and costs on their host. This is particularly true of the most widespread animal endosymbiont, Wolbachia pipientis. In this study, we investigated the influence of Wolbachia infection on a broad spectrum of ecological and physiological parameters of one of its native hosts, Armadillidium vulgare. The aim was to gain as complete a picture as possible of the influence of this endosymbiont on its host. Our results showed that the presence of Wolbachia resulted in a decrease in individual reproductive success and survival. Host immune cells density decreased and β-galactosidase activity (ageing biomarker) increased with the presence of Wolbachia, suggesting a negative impact of this endosymbiont on woodlice health. While previous studies have shown that Wolbachia can have a positive impact on the immunocompetence of A. vulgare, here we shed more light on the costs of infection. Our results illustrate the complex dynamics that exist between Wolbachia and its arthropod host and therefore offer valuable insights into the intricate interplay of symbiotic relationships in ecological systems.},
}
@article {pmid39243637,
year = {2024},
author = {Jiang, S and Sun, J and Zhu, X and Shen, K and Zhang, Z},
title = {Co-treatment of agri-food waste streams using black soldier fly larvae (Hermetia illucens L.): A sustainable solution for rural waste management.},
journal = {Journal of environmental management},
volume = {370},
number = {},
pages = {122373},
doi = {10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.122373},
pmid = {39243637},
issn = {1095-8630},
abstract = {The management of rural waste, particularly agri-food waste, poses a major challenge to the ecosystem health. This study investigated the efficacy of black soldier fly larvae (Hermetia illucens L., BSFL) bioconversion for agri-food waste under independent treatment or co-treatment strategies using chicken manure and food waste as a model system. The results showed a synergistic effect of co-treating agri-food waste from different sources. The co-treatment strategy enhanced bioconversion efficiency, resulting in a 1.31-fold waste reduction rate and a 1.93-fold bioconversion rate. Additionally, larval growth performance and biomass quality of BSFL were improved, while lauric acid and oleic acid were enriched in the larval fat from the co-treatment strategy. 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing revealed that the co-treatment strategy reshaped both the residue and larval gut microbiota, with distinct enrichment of taxonomical biomarkers. Furthermore, under this strategy, metabolic functions of the residue microbiota were significantly activated, especially carbohydrate, amino acid, and lipid metabolism were enhanced by 16.3%, 23.5%, and 20.2%, respectively. The early colonization of lactic acid bacteria (Weisella and Aerococcus) in the residue, coupled with a symbiotic relationship between Enterococcus in the larval gut and the host, likely promoted organic matter degradation and larval growth performance. Scaling up the findings to a national level in China suggests that the co-treatment strategy can increase waste reduction quantity by 86,329 tonnes annually and produce more larval protein and fat with a market value of approximately US$237 million. Therefore, co-treatment of agri-food waste streams using BSFL presents a sustainable solution for rural waste management that potentially contributes to the achievement of SDG2 (Zero Hunger), SDG3 (Good Health and Well-Being), and SDG12 (Responsible Consumption and Production).},
}
@article {pmid39243462,
year = {2024},
author = {Miwa, T and Nagatsuma, S and Hirakata, Y and Nagai, M and Ikarashi, T and Takimoto, Y and Watari, T and Yamaguchi, T and Hatamoto, M},
title = {Combination of a membrane bioreactor with a rotating biological contactor holding several diverse metazoans can reduce excess sludge with fouling mitigation.},
journal = {Water research},
volume = {266},
number = {},
pages = {122352},
doi = {10.1016/j.watres.2024.122352},
pmid = {39243462},
issn = {1879-2448},
abstract = {In a membrane bioreactor (MBR) system, in situ sludge reduction techniques induce membrane fouling. To address this challenge, we incorporated a rotating mesh carrier, which can adsorb organic matter and provide a habitat for metazoans, into the anoxic tank of a conventional anoxic/oxic-MBR (A/O-MBR) system, termed rotating biological contactor-MBR (RBC-MBR), and evaluated treatment performance. Over 151 days, lab-scale RBC-MBR and A/O-MBR were used to treat municipal sewage. Both reactors showed similar COD and NH4[+] removal rates. However, RBC-MBR reduced excess sludge by approximately 45 % compared with A/O-MBR. Microscopic observation and 18S rRNA gene-based microbial analysis revealed the persistence of microfauna and metazoans (oligochaetes, nematodes, and rotifers) in RBC, which are typically absent in activated sludge. Additionally, the metazoan's population in the RBC-MBR membrane tank was two-fold that of A/O-MBR, indicating enhanced sludge reduction through predation. Despite these reductions, the increase in transmembrane pressure was similar between RBC-MBR and A/O-MBR, suggesting that sludge holding by RBC mesh media degrade fouling substances, such as proteins and polysaccharides and improves sludge filterability, resulting in membrane fouling mitigation. Microbial communities in both reactors were similar, indicating that the installation of RBC did not alter the microbial community of sludge. Network analysis suggested potential symbiotic or prey-predator relationships between bacteria and metazoans. This study reveals that RBC-MBR effectively reduced the excess sludge while mitigating membrane fouling, highlighting one of the promising technology for applying metazoan predation into MBR.},
}
@article {pmid39243363,
year = {2024},
author = {Yemula, N and Sheikh, R},
title = {Gut microbiota in axial spondyloarthritis : genetics, medications and future treatments.},
journal = {ARP rheumatology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {39243363},
issn = {2795-4552},
abstract = {Axial spondyloarthritis, also referred to as ankylosing spondylitis, is a chronic inflammatory condition that predominantly affects the axial spine but may also present with peripheral arthritis. It falls within the umbrella of disorders known as spondyloarthropathies. In addition to axial spondyloarthritis, this group includes psoriatic arthritis, enteropathic arthritis, reactive arthritis, and undifferentiated spondyloarthropathy, with axial spondyloarthritis being one of the most common. The overall mechanisms underlying the development of axial spondyloarthritis are complex and multifactorial. There is a significant and well-recognized association between axial spondyloarthritis and the HLA-B27 gene, but there have also been non-HLA genes identified in the disease process, as well as certain inflammatory cytokines that play a role in the inflammatory process, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF). More recently, there has been research and new evidence linking changes in the gut microbiota to the disease process of axial spondyloarthritis. Research into the role of the gut microbiota and gut dysbiosis is a large, ever-growing field. It has been associated with a multitude of conditions, including axial spondyloarthritis. This mini-review highlights the symbiotic relationship of the gut microbiota with the pathogenesis, therapeutic agents and future treatments of axial spondyloarthritis.},
}
@article {pmid39242995,
year = {2024},
author = {Xu, Y and Yan, Y and Zhou, T and Chun, J and Tu, Y and Yang, X and Qin, J and Ou, L and Ye, L and Liu, F},
title = {Genome-wide transcriptome and gene family analysis reveal candidate genes associated with potassium uptake of maize colonized by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi.},
journal = {BMC plant biology},
volume = {24},
number = {1},
pages = {838},
pmid = {39242995},
issn = {1471-2229},
mesh = {*Mycorrhizae/physiology ; *Zea mays/genetics/microbiology/metabolism ; *Potassium/metabolism ; *Transcriptome ; *Symbiosis/genetics ; Genes, Plant ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Multigene Family ; Plant Roots/microbiology/genetics/metabolism ; Gene Expression Profiling ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Potassium (K) is an essential nutrient for plant growth and development. Maize (Zea mays) is a widely planted crops in the world and requires a huge amount of K fertilizer. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are closely related to the K uptake of maize. Genetic improvement of maize K utilization efficiency will require elucidating the molecular mechanisms of maize K uptake through the mycorrhizal pathway. Here, we employed transcriptome and gene family analysis to elucidate the mechanism influencing the K uptake and utilization efficiency of mycorrhizal maize.<br><br>METHODS AND RESULTS: The transcriptomes of maize were studied with and without AMF inoculation and under different K conditions. AM symbiosis increased the K concentration and dry weight of maize plants. RNA sequencing revealed that genes associated with the activity of the apoplast and nutrient reservoir were significantly enriched in mycorrhizal roots under low-K conditions but not under high-K conditions. Weighted gene correlation network analysis revealed that three modules were strongly correlated with K content. Twenty-one hub genes enriched in pathways associated with glycerophospholipid metabolism, glycerolipid metabolism, starch and sucrose metabolism, and anthocyanin biosynthesis were further identified. In general, these hub genes were upregulated in AMF-colonized roots under low-K conditions. Additionally, the members of 14 gene families associated with K obtain were identified (ARF: 38, ILK: 4, RBOH: 12, RUPO: 20, MAPKK: 89, CBL: 14, CIPK: 44, CPK: 40, PIN: 10, MYB: 174, NPF: 79, KT: 19, HAK/HKT/KUP: 38, and CPA: 8) from maize. The transcript levels of these genes showed that 92 genes (ARF:6, CBL:5, CIPK:13, CPK:2, HAK/HKT/KUP:7, PIN:2, MYB:26, NPF:16, RBOH:1, MAPKK:12 and RUPO:2) were upregulated with AM symbiosis under low-K conditions.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: This study indicated that AMF increase the resistance of maize to low-K stress by regulating K uptake at the gene transcription level. Our findings provide a genome-level resource for the functional assignment of genes regulated by K treatment and AM symbiosis in K uptake-related gene families in maize. This may contribute to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of maize response to low K stress with AMF inoculation, and provided a theoretical basis for AMF application in the crop field.},
}
@article {pmid39242698,
year = {2024},
author = {Lu, X and Gong, G and Zhang, Q and Yang, S and Wu, H and Zhao, M and Wang, X and Shen, Q and Ji, L and Liu, Y and Wang, Y and Liu, J and Suolang, S and Ma, X and Shan, T and Zhang, W},
title = {Metagenomic analysis reveals high diversity of gut viromes in yaks (Bos grunniens) from the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.},
journal = {Communications biology},
volume = {7},
number = {1},
pages = {1097},
pmid = {39242698},
issn = {2399-3642},
mesh = {Animals ; Cattle ; *Metagenomics ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome/genetics ; *Virome/genetics ; Tibet ; Metagenome ; },
abstract = {The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP), renowned for its exceptional biological diversity, is home to numerous endemic species. However, research on the virology of vulnerable vertebrates like yaks remains limited. In this study, our objective was to use metagenomics to provide a comprehensive understanding of the diversity and evolution of the gut virome in yak populations across different regions of the QTP. Our findings revealed a remarkably diverse array of viruses in the gut of yaks, including those associated with vertebrates and bacteriophages. Notably, some vertebrate-associated viruses, such as astrovirus and picornavirus, showed significant sequence identity across diverse yak populations. Additionally, we observed differences in the functional profiles of genes carried by the yak gut virome across different regions. Moreover, the virus-bacterium symbiotic network that we discovered holds potential significance in maintaining the health of yaks. Overall, this research expands our understanding of the viral communities in the gut of yaks and highlights the importance of further investigating the interactions between viruses and their hosts. These data will be beneficial for revealing the crucial role that viruses play in the yak gut ecology in future studies.},
}
@article {pmid39242694,
year = {2024},
author = {Oren, A},
title = {Novel insights into the diversity of halophilic microorganisms and their functioning in hypersaline ecosystems.},
journal = {npj biodiversity},
volume = {3},
number = {1},
pages = {18},
pmid = {39242694},
issn = {2731-4243},
abstract = {Our understanding of the microbial diversity inhabiting hypersaline environments, here defined as containing >100-150 g/L salts, has greatly increased in the past five years. Halophiles are found in each of the three domains of life. Many novel types have been cultivated, and metagenomics and other cultivation-independent approaches have revealed the existence of many previously unrecognized lineages. Syntrophic interactions between different phylogenetic lineages have been discovered, such as the symbiosis between members of the archaeal class Halobacteria and the 'Candidatus Nanohalarchaeota'. Metagenomics techniques also have shed light on the biogeography of halophiles, especially of the genera Salinibacter (Bacteria) and Haloquadratum and Halorubrum (Archaea). Exploration of the microbiome of hypersaline lakes led to the discovery of novel types of metabolism previously unknown to occur at high salt concentrations. Studies of environments with high concentrations of chaotropic ions such as magnesium, calcium, and lithium have refined our understanding of the limits of life.},
}
@article {pmid39242500,
year = {2024},
author = {Zhang, Y and Zhang, Y and Tang, X and Guo, X and Yang, Q and Sun, H and Wang, H and Ling, J and Dong, J},
title = {A transcriptome-wide analysis provides novel insights into how Metabacillus indicus promotes coral larvae metamorphosis and settlement.},
journal = {BMC genomics},
volume = {25},
number = {1},
pages = {840},
pmid = {39242500},
issn = {1471-2164},
support = {2022YFC3103602//National Key Research and Development Program of China/ ; 2022YFC3102003//National Key Research and Development Program of China/ ; 2022YFC3102004//National Key Research and Development Program of China/ ; 41976147//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; U2106208//National Natural Science Foundation of China-Shandong Joint Fund/ ; 2020B1212060058//Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province, China/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Anthozoa/genetics/growth &amp; development/microbiology ; *Metamorphosis, Biological/genetics ; *Larva/growth &amp; development ; *Gene Expression Profiling ; Transcriptome ; Bacillaceae/genetics/growth &amp; development ; Coral Reefs ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Coral reefs experience frequent and severe disturbances that can overwhelm their natural resilience. In such cases, ecological restoration is essential for coral reef recovery. Sexual reproduction has been reported to present the simplest and most cost-effective means for coral reef restoration. However, larval settlement and post-settlement survival represent bottlenecks for coral recruitment in sexual reproduction. While bacteria play a significant role in triggering coral metamorphosis and settlement in many coral species, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain largely unknown. In this study, we employed a transcriptome-level analysis to elucidate the intricate interactions between bacteria and coral larvae that are crucial for the settlement process.<br><br>RESULTS: High Metabacillus indicus strain cB07 inoculation densities resulted in the successful induction of metamorphosis and settlement of coral Pocillopora damicoris larvae. Compared with controls, inoculated coral larvae exhibited a pronounced increase in the abundance of strain cB07 during metamorphosis and settlement, followed by a significant decrease in total lipid contents during the settled stage. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) during metamorphosis were significantly enriched in amino acid, protein, fatty acid, and glucose related metabolic pathways. In settled coral larvae induced by strain cB07, there was a significant enrichment of DEGs with essential roles in the establishment of a symbiotic relationship between coral larvae and their symbiotic partners. The photosynthetic efficiency of strain cB07 induced primary polyp holobionts was improved compared to those of the negative controls. In addition, coral primary polyps induced by strain cB07 showed significant improvements in energy storage and survival.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Our findings revealed that strain cB07 can promote coral larval settlement and enhance post-settlement survival and fitness. Manipulating coral sexual reproduction with strain cB07 can overcome the current recruitment bottleneck. This innovative approach holds promise for future coral reef restoration efforts.},
}
@article {pmid39242229,
year = {2024},
author = {Araujo, G and Montoya, JM and Thomas, T and Webster, NS and Lurgi, M},
title = {A mechanistic framework for complex microbe-host symbioses.},
journal = {Trends in microbiology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.tim.2024.08.002},
pmid = {39242229},
issn = {1878-4380},
abstract = {Virtually all multicellular organisms on Earth live in symbiotic associations with complex microbial communities: the microbiome. This ancient relationship is of fundamental importance for both the host and the microbiome. Recently, the analyses of numerous microbiomes have revealed an incredible diversity and complexity of symbionts, with different mechanisms identified as potential drivers of this diversity. However, the interplay of ecological and evolutionary forces generating these complex associations is still poorly understood. Here we explore and summarise the suite of ecological and evolutionary mechanisms identified as relevant to different aspects of microbiome complexity and diversity. We argue that microbiome assembly is a dynamic product of ecology and evolution at various spatio-temporal scales. We propose a theoretical framework to classify mechanisms and build mechanistic host-microbiome models to link them to empirical patterns. We develop a cohesive foundation for the theoretical understanding of the combined effects of ecology and evolution on the assembly of complex symbioses.},
}
@article {pmid39241871,
year = {2024},
author = {Wang, C and Roeroe, KA and Zhou, Z and Niu, G and Du, J and Hu, W and Zheng, X},
title = {Gene expression plasticity governing symbiosis during natural coral bleaching.},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
volume = {953},
number = {},
pages = {176046},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.176046},
pmid = {39241871},
issn = {1879-1026},
abstract = {The increasing global frequency and severity of coral bleaching events, driven by the loss of endosymbiotic algae, pose a significant threat to these vital ecosystems. However, gene expression plasticity offers a potential mechanism for rapid and effective acclimatization to environmental changes. We employed dual transcriptomics to examine the gene expression profile of Seriatopora hystrix, an ecologically important scleractinian coral, across healthy, mildly bleached, and severely bleached colonies collected from the waters of Likupang, North Sulawesi, Indonesia. Our analysis revealed that coral bleaching is associated with gene plasticity in calcium signaling and focal adhesion within coral hosts, as well as with endoplasmic reticulum stress in symbionts. Notably, we identified specific genes associated with innate immunity that were predominantly overexpressed in mildly bleached coral hosts. This overexpression implies that high expression plasticity of these key genes might contribute to bleaching resistance and the preservation of the host-symbiont relationship. Our findings offer a detailed insight into the dynamics of bleaching resistance in S. hystrix, shedding light on the variability of bleaching risks in Indonesian reefs and underscoring the coral's ability to utilize gene expression plasticity for immediate survival and potential long-term adaptation to climate changes.},
}
@article {pmid39240997,
year = {2024},
author = {Hadizadeh, I and Peivastegan, B and Nielsen, KL and Auvinen, P and Sipari, N and Pirhonen, M},
title = {Transcriptome analysis unravels the biocontrol mechanism of Serratia plymuthica A30 against potato soft rot caused by Dickeya solani.},
journal = {PloS one},
volume = {19},
number = {9},
pages = {e0308744},
pmid = {39240997},
issn = {1932-6203},
mesh = {*Solanum tuberosum/microbiology ; *Serratia/physiology/genetics ; *Plant Diseases/microbiology/prevention &amp; control ; *Dickeya/genetics ; *Gene Expression Profiling ; Plant Tubers/microbiology ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Transcriptome ; Disease Resistance/genetics ; Oxylipins/metabolism ; Cyclopentanes/metabolism ; Plant Growth Regulators/metabolism ; },
abstract = {Endophytic bacterium Serratia plymuthica A30 was identified as a superior biocontrol agent due to its effective colonization of potato tuber, tolerance to cold conditions, and strong inhibitory action against various soft rot pathogens, including Dickeya solani. We characterized transcriptome changes in potato tubers inoculated with S. plymuthica A30, D. solani, or both at the early and the late phases of interaction. At the early phase and in the absence of the pathogen, A30 influenced the microbial recognition system to initiate plant priming. In the presence of the pathogen alongside biocontrol strain, defense signaling was highly stimulated, characterized by the induction of genes involved in the detoxification system, reinforcement of cell wall structure, and production of antimicrobial metabolites, highlighting A30's role in enhancing the host resistance against pathogen attack. This A30-induced resistance relied on the early activation of jasmonic acid signaling and its production in tubers, while defense signaling mediated by salicylic acid was suppressed. In the late phase, A30 actively interferes with plant immunity by inhibiting stress- and defense-related genes expression. Simultaneously, the genes involved in cell wall remodeling and indole-3-acetic acid signaling were activated, thereby enhancing cell wall remodeling to establish symbiotic relationship with the host. The endophytic colonization of A30 coincided with the induction of genes involved in the biosynthesis and signaling of ethylene and abscisic acid, while downregulating those related to gibberellic acid and cytokinin. This combination suggested fitness benefits for potato tubers by preserving dormancy, and delaying sprouting, which affects durability of tubers during storage. This study contributes valuable insights into the tripartite interaction among S. plymuthica A30, D. solani, and potato tubers, facilitating the development of biocontrol system for soft rot pathogens under storage conditions.},
}
@article {pmid39240965,
year = {2024},
author = {Li, W and Zhu, X and Zhang, M and Yan, X and Leng, J and Zhou, Y and Liu, L and Zhang, D and Yuan, X and Xue, D and Tian, H and Ding, Z},
title = {Phenoxyacetic acid enhances nodulation symbiosis during the rapid growth stage of soybean.},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
volume = {121},
number = {37},
pages = {e2322217121},
doi = {10.1073/pnas.2322217121},
pmid = {39240965},
issn = {1091-6490},
mesh = {*Glycine max/growth &amp; development/metabolism/microbiology/drug effects ; *Symbiosis ; *Plant Root Nodulation ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant/drug effects ; Root Nodules, Plant/metabolism/microbiology/growth &amp; development ; Plant Roots/growth &amp; development/metabolism/microbiology/drug effects ; Plant Proteins/metabolism/genetics ; MicroRNAs/metabolism/genetics ; Acetates/metabolism/pharmacology ; },
abstract = {Root exudates are known signaling agents that influence legume root nodulation, but the molecular mechanisms for nonflavonoid molecules remain largely unexplored. The number of soybean root nodules during the initial growth phase shows substantial discrepancies at distinct developmental junctures. Using a combination of metabolomics analyses on root exudates and nodulation experiments, we identify a pivotal role for certain root exudates during the rapid growth phase in promoting nodulation. Phenoxyacetic acid (POA) was found to activate the expression of GmGA2ox10 and thereby facilitate rhizobial infection and the formation of infection threads. Furthermore, POA exerts regulatory control on the miR172c-NNC1 module to foster nodule primordia development and consequently increase nodule numbers. These findings collectively highlight the important role of POA in enhancing nodulation during the accelerated growth phase of soybeans.},
}
@article {pmid39240721,
year = {2024},
author = {Yoshioka, Y and Yamashita, H and Uchida, T and Shinzato, C and Kawamitsu, M and Fourreau, CJL and Castelló, GM and Fiedler, BK and van den Eeckhout, TM and Borghi, S and Reimer, JD and Shoguchi, E},
title = {Azooxanthellate Palythoa (Cnidaria: Anthozoa) genomes reveal toxin-related gene clusters and loss of neuronal genes in hexacorals.},
journal = {Genome biology and evolution},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/gbe/evae197},
pmid = {39240721},
issn = {1759-6653},
abstract = {Zoantharia is an order among the Hexacorallia (Anthozoa: Cnidaria), and includes at least 300 species. Previously reported genomes from scleractinian corals and actiniarian sea anemones have illuminated part of the hexacorallian diversification. However, little is known about zoantharian genomes and the early evolution of hexacorals. To explore genome evolution in this group of hexacorals, here, we report de novo genome assemblies of the zoantharians Palythoa mizigama (Pmiz) and Palythoa umbrosa (Pumb), both of which are members of the family Sphenopidae, and uniquely live in comparatively dark coral reef caves without symbiotic Symbiodiniaceae dinoflagellates. Draft genomes generated from ultra-low input PacBio sequencing totaled 373 Mbp and 319 Mbp for Pmiz and Pumb, respectively. Protein-coding genes were predicted in each genome, totaling 30,394 in Pmiz and 24,800 in Pumb, with each set having ∼93% BUSCO completeness. Comparative genomic analyses identified 3,036 conserved gene families, which were found in all analyzed hexacoral genomes. Some of the genes related to toxins, chitin degradation, and prostaglandin biosynthesis were expanded in these two Palythoa genomes and many of which aligned tandemly. Extensive gene family loss was not detected in the Palythoa lineage and five of ten putatively lost gene families likely had neuronal function, suggesting biased gene loss in Palythoa. In conclusion, our comparative analyses demonstrate evolutionary conservation of gene families in the Palythoa lineage from the common ancestor of hexacorals. Restricted loss of gene families may imply that lost neuronal functions were effective for environmental adaptation in these two Palythoa species.},
}
@article {pmid39239913,
year = {2024},
author = {Menon, AG and Bhaskar, H and Gopal, KS and M, R and Subramanian, SM},
title = {Symbiotic and Nonsymbiotic Bacteria Associated With the Entomo-Pathogenic Nematode, Heterorhabditis spp (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae) From South India.},
journal = {Journal of basic microbiology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e2400108},
doi = {10.1002/jobm.202400108},
pmid = {39239913},
issn = {1521-4028},
abstract = {Sixteen isolates of bacteria obtained from the entomopathogenic nematode (Heterorhabditis sp.) infected cadavers of Galleria mellonella larvae were identified following phenotypic characterization and molecular analysis of 16S rRNA. Two isolates were identified as the symbiotic bacterium, Photothabdus luminescens, while 14 other isolates were represented by nine species of nonsymbiotic bacteria viz., Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Alcaligenes aquatilis, Brevundimonas diminuta, Brucella pseudointermedia, Ochrobactrum sp., Brucella pseudogrignonensis, Brucella anthropic, Pseudomonas azatoformans and Pseudomonas lactis. The phylogenetic analysis confirmed the evolutionary relationship between P. luminescens and Pseudomonas spp. The study also found a close relationship among the nonsymbiotic bacteria such as A. aquatilis, B. diminuta, Ochrobactrum sp., and Brucella spp. P. luminescens has been documented for its insecticidal effects against a wide range of insects. The two local isolates obtained in this study may be explored for their biocontrol potential against major pests of the region. Further, the association of nonsymbiotic bacteria with the EPN may be investigated.},
}
@article {pmid39239207,
year = {2024},
author = {Ho-Plágaro, T and Usman, M and Swinnen, J and Ruytinx, J and Gosti, F and Gaillard, I and Zimmermann, SD},
title = {HcZnT2 is a highly mycorrhiza-induced zinc transporter from Hebeloma cylindrosporum in association with pine.},
journal = {Frontiers in plant science},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1466279},
pmid = {39239207},
issn = {1664-462X},
abstract = {Zinc (Zn) shortage is a common micronutrient deficiency affecting plants worldwide, while Zn toxicity may occur when this metal is in excess. Ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi are known to be able to modulate the transfer of macro- and microelements, among them Zn, to the plant. However, the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. We identified the HcZnT2 gene from the ECM fungus Hebeloma cylindrosporum, encoding a member of the Cation Diffusion Facilitator (CDF) family including Zn transporters, and analyzed its transcriptional regulation, the transport function by yeast complementation experiments, and its subcellular localization using a GFP fusion protein in yeast. HcZnT2 is highly induced during mycorrhization of Pinus pinaster, and upregulated in presence of the host plant root even without any direct contact. However, HcZnT2 is repressed by Zn excess conditions. By functional expression in yeast, our results strongly support the ability of HcZnT2 to transport Zn and, to a lesser extent, manganese. HcZnT2 localization was associated with the endoplasmic reticulum of yeast. Mycorrhizal gene activation at low external Zn suggests that the Zn transporter HcZnT2 might be important for the early establishment of the ECM symbiosis during Zn deficiency, rather than under Zn excess. HcZnT2 arises as an extremely remarkable candidate playing a key role in Zn homeostasis and regulation in ectomycorrhiza.},
}
@article {pmid39238383,
year = {2024},
author = {Sanyal, S and Nigam, K and Singh, S and Lohani, P and Dwivedi, M},
title = {Pathophysiological and Clinical Potential of Human Microbiome: Microbe-based Therapeutic Insights.},
journal = {Current pharmaceutical biotechnology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.2174/0113892010314433240823113111},
pmid = {39238383},
issn = {1873-4316},
abstract = {The human microbiota represents the community and diverse population of microbes within the human body, which comprises approximately 100 trillion micro-organisms. They exist in the human gastrointestinal tract and various other organs and are now considered virtual body organs. It is mainly represented by bacteria but also includes viruses, fungi, and protozoa. Although there is a heritable component to the gut microbiota, environmental factors related to diet, drugs, and anthropometry determine the composition of the microbiota. Besides the gastrointestinal tract, the human body also harbours microbial communities in the skin, oral and nasal cavities, and reproductive tract. The current review demonstrates the role of gut microbiota and its involvement in processing food, drugs, and immune responses. The discussion focuses on the implications of human microbiota in developing several diseases, such as gastrointestinal infections, metabolic disorders, malignancies, etc., through symbiotic relationships. The microbial population may vary depending on the pathophysiological condition of an individual and thus may be exploited as a therapeutic and clinical player. Further, we need a more thorough investigation to establish the correlation between microbes and pathophysiology in humans and propose them as potential therapeutic targets.},
}
@article {pmid39238368,
year = {2024},
author = {Hansen, AK and Argondona, JA and Miao, S and Percy, DM and Degnan, PH},
title = {Rapid loss of nutritional symbionts in an endemic Hawaiian herbivore radiation is associated with plant galling habit.},
journal = {Molecular biology and evolution},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/molbev/msae190},
pmid = {39238368},
issn = {1537-1719},
abstract = {Insect herbivores frequently co-speciate with symbionts that enable them to survive on nutritionally unbalanced diets. While ancient symbiont gain and loss events have been pivotal for insect diversification and feeding niche specialization, evidence of recent events is scarce. We examine the recent loss of nutritional symbionts (in as little as 1 MY) in sap-feeding Pariaconus, an endemic Hawaiian insect genus that has undergone adaptive radiation, evolving various galling and free-living ecologies on a single host plant species, Metrosideros polymorpha within the last ∼5MY. Using 16S rRNA sequencing we investigated the bacterial microbiomes of 19 Pariaconus species and identified distinct symbiont profiles associated with specific host-plant ecologies. Phylogenetic analyses and metagenomic reconstructions revealed significant differences in microbial diversity and functions among psyllids with different host-plant ecologies. Within a few MY, Pariaconus species convergently evolved the closed-gall habit twice. This shift to enclosed galls coincided with loss of the Morganella-like symbiont that provides the essential amino acid arginine to free-living and open-gall sister species. After the Pariaconus lineage left Kauai and colonized younger islands, both open- and closed-gall species lost the Dickeya-like symbiont. This symbiont is crucial for synthesizing essential amino acids (phenylalanine, tyrosine, lysine) as well as B-vitamins in free-living species. The recurrent loss of these symbionts in galling species reinforces evidence that galls are nutrient sinks and combined with the rapidity of the evolutionary timeline, highlights the dynamic role of insect-symbiont relationships during the diversification of feeding ecologies. We propose new Candidatus names for the novel Morganella-like and Dickeya-like symbionts.},
}
@article {pmid39238149,
year = {2024},
author = {Zuo, Y and Yang, G},
title = {"Maintaining symbiosis in conflict": the quality of life of disabled elderly individuals in Chinese elderly care institutions - a grounded theory study.},
journal = {International journal of qualitative studies on health and well-being},
volume = {19},
number = {1},
pages = {2397845},
doi = {10.1080/17482631.2024.2397845},
pmid = {39238149},
issn = {1748-2631},
mesh = {Humans ; *Quality of Life ; Aged ; Female ; Male ; *Grounded Theory ; *Loneliness/psychology ; *Disabled Persons/psychology ; Aged, 80 and over ; China ; Social Interaction ; Homes for the Aged ; Qualitative Research ; Middle Aged ; Adaptation, Psychological ; Nursing Homes ; Pain/psychology ; East Asian People ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Exploring the quality of life of disabled elderly individuals in eldercare facilities holds significant importance in the improvement of service quality, the allocation of eldercare resources, and the enhancement of the well-being of the elderly. This study, grounded in the subjective perspective of disabled elderly individuals, aims to investigate their quality of life within eldercare institutions.<br><br>RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: A grounded theory approach was employed, involving semi-structured interviews with 35 participants.<br><br>RESULTS: Data analysis revealed that the quality of life of disabled elderly individuals in Chinese elderly care institutions is characterized by "maintaining symbiosis in conflict" and encompasses four dimensions: complex adaptation process, complexities in social interactions, physical pain and the lonely soul.<br><br>DISCUSSION AND IMPLICATIONS: Spending late years in elderly care institutions poses a trial and challenge for disabled elderly individuals, especially within a cultural environment that traditionally revolves around the "family" unit. In these institutions, disabled elderly individuals not only endure physical pain but also grapple with feelings of loneliness. They maintain the facade of family dignity by concealing true emotions, ensuring the harmonious and stable operation of the elderly care institution.Enhancing the quality of life for disabled elderly individuals requires not only an improvement in the service capabilities of elderly care institution staff but also collaborative efforts from policymakers and family members.},
}
@article {pmid39237951,
year = {2024},
author = {Mogro, EG and Draghi, WO and Lagares, A and Lozano, MJ},
title = {Identification and functional analysis of recent IS transposition events in rhizobia.},
journal = {Mobile DNA},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {17},
pmid = {39237951},
issn = {1759-8753},
support = {PICT2016-0171//Agencia Nacional de Promoci&#xf3;n Cient&#xed;fica y Tecnol&#xf3;gica/ ; PIP2021-2023-GI-11220200100616CO//Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient&#xed;ficas y T&#xe9;cnicas/ ; },
abstract = {Rhizobia are alpha- and beta- Proteobacteria that, through the establishment of symbiotic interactions with leguminous plants, are able to fix atmospheric nitrogen as ammonium. The successful establishment of a symbiotic interaction is highly dependent on the availability of nitrogen sources in the soil, and on the specific rhizobia strain. Insertion sequences (ISs) are simple transposable genetic elements that can move to different locations within the host genome and are known to play an important evolutionary role, contributing to genome plasticity by acting as recombination hot-spots, and disrupting coding and regulatory sequences. Disruption of coding sequences may have occurred either in a common ancestor of the species or more recently. By means of ISComapare, we identified Differentially Located ISs (DLISs) in nearly related rhizobial strains of the genera Bradyrhizobium, Mesorhizobium, Rhizobium and Sinorhizobium. Our results revealed that recent IS transposition could have a role in adaptation by enabling the activation and inactivation of genes that could dynamically affect the competition and survival of rhizobia in the rhizosphere.},
}
@article {pmid39237637,
year = {2024},
author = {Gopalakrishnan, K and Wager, YZ and Roostaei, J},
title = {Co-cultivation of microalgae and bacteria for optimal bioenergy feedstock production in wastewater by using response surface methodology.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {14},
number = {1},
pages = {20703},
pmid = {39237637},
issn = {2045-2322},
mesh = {*Wastewater/microbiology ; *Microalgae/growth &amp; development/metabolism ; *Biofuels/microbiology ; *Biomass ; *Bacteria/metabolism/growth &amp; development ; *Carbon Dioxide/metabolism ; Coculture Techniques/methods ; Symbiosis ; Lipids/biosynthesis/analysis ; },
abstract = {This work uses response surface methodology (RSM) to study the co-cultivation of symbiotic indigenous wastewater microalgae and bacteria under different conditions (inoculum ratio of bacteria to microalgae, CO2, light intensity, and harvest time) for optimal bioenergy feedstock production. The findings of this study demonstrate that the symbiotic microalgae-bacteria culture not only increases total microalgal biomass and lipid productivity, but also enlarges microalgal cell size and stimulates lipid accumulation. Meanwhile, inoculum ratio of bacteria to microalgae, light intensity, CO2, and harvest time significantly affect biomass and lipid productivity. CO2 concentration and harvest time have significant interactive effect on lipid productivity. The response of microalgal biomass and lipid productivity varies significantly from 2.1 × 10[5] to 1.9 × 10[7] cells/mL and 2.8 × 10[2] to 3.7 × 10[12] Total Fluorescent Units/mL respectively. Conditions for optimum biomass and oil accumulation are 100% of inoculation ratio (bacteria/microalgae), 3.6% of CO2 (v/v), 205.8 µmol/m[2]/s of light intensity, and 10.6 days of harvest time. This work provides a systematic methodology with RSM to explore the benefits of symbiotic microalgae-bacteria culture, and to optimize various cultivation parameters within complex wastewater environments for practical applications of integrated wastewater-microalgae systems for cost-efficient bioenergy production.},
}
@article {pmid39235243,
year = {2024},
author = {Coppinger, M and Yang, L and Popham, DL and Ruby, E and Stabb, EV},
title = {Transient infection of Euprymna scolopes with an engineered D-alanine auxotroph of Vibrio fischeri.},
journal = {Applied and environmental microbiology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e0129824},
doi = {10.1128/aem.01298-24},
pmid = {39235243},
issn = {1098-5336},
abstract = {The symbiosis between Vibrio fischeri and the Hawaiian bobtail squid, Euprymna scolopes, is a tractable and well-studied model of bacteria-animal mutualism. Here, we developed a method to transiently colonize E. scolopes using D-alanine (D-ala) auxotrophy of the symbiont, controlling the persistence of viable infection by supplying or withholding D-ala. We generated alanine racemase (alr) mutants of V. fischeri that lack avenues for mutational suppression of auxotrophy or reversion to prototrophy. Surprisingly, an ∆alr mutant did not require D-ala to grow in a minimal medium, a phenomenon requiring metC, which encodes cystathionine β-lyase. Likewise, overexpression of metC suppressed D-ala auxotrophy in a rich medium. To block potential mechanisms of suppression, we combined the ∆alr mutation with deletions of metC and/or bsrF, which encodes a broad-spectrum racemase and investigated the suppression rates of four D-ala auxotrophic strains. We then focused on ∆alr ∆bsrF mutant MC13, which has a suppression rate of <10[-9]. When D-ala was removed from a growing culture of MC13, cells rounded and lysed within 40 minutes. Transient colonization of E. scolopes was achieved by inoculating squid in seawater containing MC13 and D-ala, and then transferring the squid into water lacking D-ala, which resulted in loss of viable symbionts within hours. Interestingly, the symbionts within crypt 3 persisted longer than those of crypt 1, suggesting a difference in bacterial growth rate in distinct crypt environments. Our study highlights a new approach for inducing transient colonization and provides insight into the biogeography of the E. scolopes light organ.IMPORTANCEThe importance of this study is multi-faceted, providing a valuable methodological tool and insight into the biology of the symbiosis between Vibrio fischeri and Euprymna scolopes. First, the study sheds light on the critical role of D-ala for bacterial growth, and the underpinnings of D-ala synthesis. Our observations that metC obviates the need for D-ala supplementation of an alr mutant in minimal medium and that MetC-dependent growth correlates with D-ala in peptidoglycan, corroborate and extend previous findings in Escherichia coli regarding a role of MetC in D-ala production. Second, our isolation of robust D-ala auxotrophs led us to a novel method for studying the squid-Vibrio symbiosis, allowing for transient colonization without the use of antibiotics, and revealed intriguing differences in symbiont growth parameters in distinct light organ crypts. This work and the methodology developed will contribute to our understanding of the persistence and dynamics of V. fischeri within its host.},
}
@article {pmid39235028,
year = {2024},
author = {Su, D and Sun, R and Xu, RF and Zhang, WH and Lyu, GZ},
title = {[Species diversity of dark septate endophytes in tundra plants of Changbai Mountains, Northeast China].},
journal = {Ying yong sheng tai xue bao = The journal of applied ecology},
volume = {35},
number = {6},
pages = {1689-1694},
doi = {10.13287/j.1001-9332.202406.029},
pmid = {39235028},
issn = {1001-9332},
mesh = {*Endophytes/isolation &amp; purification/classification/genetics ; China ; *Biodiversity ; *Plant Roots/microbiology ; Rhododendron/microbiology ; Fungi/classification/isolation &amp; purification/genetics ; Vaccinium/microbiology ; Ascomycota/isolation &amp; purification/classification/genetics ; Ecosystem ; Alternaria/isolation &amp; purification/classification/genetics ; },
abstract = {We isolated the dark septate endophytic (DSE) fungi from roots of typical plant species in the tundra of Changbai Mountains Nature Reserve, including Rhododendron aureum, R. conferentiatum, Vaccinium uliginosum, and Dryas octopetala, and studied their colonization. We further investigated the DSE community composition and species diversity of the four tundra plant species by using morphological characteristics combined with rDNA ITS sequence analysis. The results showed that DSE formed a typical structure of "microsclerotia" in roots of the four plant species. A total of 69 strains of DSE fungi were isolated from the root samples, belonging to 10 genera, and 12 species. They were Phialocephala fortinii, Alternaria alternata, A. tenuissima, Epicocum nigrum, Canariomyces microsporus, Colletotrichum spaethianum, C. camelliae, Leptophoria sp., Cladosporium cladosporioides, Phoma sp., Cadophora sp., and Discosia italica, respectively. The DSE fungal species diversity was rich, and all these fungal species were firstly reported as DSE fungi in the alpine tundra belt of China. Among them, Phialocephala fortinii was the common and dominant species of all tundra plants. The Simpson, Pielou, and Shannon diversity indices of DSE fungi of the four plant species of tundra differed significantly. Our results showed that tundra plants have rich diversity of DSE fungi, and they can form a good symbiotic relationship, which enhance the adaptability of tundra plants to the harsh environment.},
}
@article {pmid39234548,
year = {2024},
author = {Liao, T and Li, XR and Fan, L and Zhang, B and Zheng, WM and Hua, JJ and Li, L and Mahror, N and Cheng, LH},
title = {Nature of back slopping kombucha fermentation process: insights from the microbial succession, metabolites composition changes and their correlations.},
journal = {Frontiers in microbiology},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1433127},
pmid = {39234548},
issn = {1664-302X},
abstract = {Kombucha, a fermented tea prepared with a symbiotic culture of bacteria and yeast (SCOBY), offers a unique and unpredictable home-brewed fermentation process. Therefore, the need for a controlled kombucha fermentation process has become evident, which requiring a thorough understanding of the microbial composition and its relationship with the metabolites produced. In this study, we investigated the dynamics of microbial communities and metabolites over a 12-day fermentation period of a conventional kombucha-making process. Our findings revealed similarities between the microbial communities in the early (0-2 days) and late (10-12 days) fermentation periods, supporting the principle of back-slopping fermentation. Untargeted metabolite analysis unveiled the presence of harmful biogenic amines in the produced kombucha, with concentrations increasing progressively throughout fermentation, albeit showing relatively lower abundance on days 8 and 12. Additionally, a contrasting trend between ethanol and caffeine content was observed. Canonical correspondence analysis highlighted strong positive correlations between specific bacterial/yeast strains and identified metabolites. In conclusion, our study sheds light on the microbial and metabolite dynamics of kombucha fermentation, emphasizing the importance of microbial control and quality assurance measures in the production process.},
}
@article {pmid39234542,
year = {2024},
author = {Xin, G and Xiaohong, S and Yujiao, S and Wenbao, L and Yanjun, W and Zhimou, C and Arvolab, L},
title = {Characterization of bacterial community dynamics dominated by salinity in lakes of the Inner Mongolian Plateau, China.},
journal = {Frontiers in microbiology},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1448919},
pmid = {39234542},
issn = {1664-302X},
abstract = {Microorganisms in lakes are sensitive to salinity fluctuations. Despite extensive prior research on bacterial communities, our understanding of their characteristics and assembly mechanisms in lakes, especially in desert lakes with different salinities. To address this issue, we collected three samples from freshwater lakes, six from brackish lakes, and five from salt lakes in the Badanjilin Desert. The 16S rRNA gene sequencing was applied to investigate the bacterial interactions with rising salinity, community coexistence patterns, and assembly mechanisms. Our findings suggested that the increased lake salinity significantly reduces the bacterial community diversity and enhanced the community differentiation. Significant variations were observed in the contribution of biomarkers from Cyanobacteria, Chloroflexi, and Halobacterota to the composition of the lake bacterial communities. The bacterial communities in the salt lakes exhibited a higher susceptibility to salinity limitations than those in the freshwater and brackish lakes. In addition, the null modeling analyses confirmed the quantitative biases in the stochastic assembly processes of bacterial communities across freshwater, brackish, and saline lakes. With the increasing lake salinity, the significance of undominated and diffusion limitation decreased slightly, and the influence of homogenizing dispersal on community assembly increased. However, the stochasticity remained the dominant process across all lakes in the Badanjilin Desert. The analysis of co-occurring networks revealed that the rising salinity reduced the complexity of bacterial network structures and altered the interspecific interactions, resulting in the increased interspecies collaboration with increasing salinity levels. Under the influence of salinity stress, the key taxon Cyanobacteria in freshwater lakes (Schizothrix_LEGE_07164) was replaced by Proteobacteria (Thalassobaculum and Polycyclovorans) in brackish lakes, and Thermotogota (SC103) in salt lakes. The results indicated the symbiotic patterns of bacterial communities across varying salinity gradients in lakes and offer insights into potential mechanisms of community aggregation, thereby enhancing our understanding of bacterial distribution in response to salinity changes.},
}
@article {pmid39233758,
year = {2024},
author = {Yang, C and Zhou, Q and Shen, Y and Liu, L and Cao, Y and Tian, H and Cao, S and Liu, C},
title = {The co-dispersal strategy of Endocarpon (Verrucariaceae) shapes an unusual lichen population structure.},
journal = {Mycoscience},
volume = {65},
number = {3},
pages = {138-150},
pmid = {39233758},
issn = {1618-2545},
abstract = {The reproduction and dispersal strategies of lichens play a major role in shaping their population structure and photobiont diversity. Sexual reproduction, which is common, leads to high lichen genetic diversity and low photobiont selectivity. However, the lichen genus Endocarpon adopts a special co-dispersal model in which algal cells from the photobiont and ascospores from the mycobiont are released together into the environment. To explore the dispersal strategy impact on population structures, a total of 62 Endocarpon individuals and 12 related Verrucariaceae genera individuals, representing co-dispersal strategy and conventional independent dispersal mode were studied. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that Endocarpon, with a large-scale geographical distribution, showed an extremely high specificity of symbiotic associations with their photobiont. Furthermore, three types of group I intron at 1769 site have been found in most Endocarpon mycobionts, which showed a high variety of group I intron in the same insertion site even in the same species collected from one location. This study suggested that the ascospore-alga co-dispersal mode of Endocarpon resulted in this unusual mycobiont-photobiont relationship; also provided an evidence for the horizontal transfer of group I intron that may suggest the origin of the complexity and diversity of lichen symbiotic associations.},
}
@article {pmid39233414,
year = {2024},
author = {Tian, JX and Liu, SY and Wang, WF and Zheng, F and Han, LL and Zhang, LM},
title = {Diversity of soybean rhizobia in Northeast China and their application.},
journal = {Ying yong sheng tai xue bao = The journal of applied ecology},
volume = {35},
number = {7},
pages = {1850-1858},
doi = {10.13287/j.1001-9332.202407.011},
pmid = {39233414},
issn = {1001-9332},
mesh = {*Glycine max/microbiology/growth &amp; development ; China ; *Bradyrhizobium/isolation &amp; purification/physiology/genetics/classification ; *Soil Microbiology ; Rhizobium/isolation &amp; purification/physiology/genetics/classification ; Symbiosis ; Phylogeny ; Nitrogen Fixation ; Biodiversity ; Rhizosphere ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics ; },
abstract = {Biological nitrogen fixation is the main source of nitrogen in ecosystems. The diversity of soil rhizobia and their effects on soybeans need further research. In this study, we collected soybean rhizosphere samples from eight sites in the black soil soybean planting area in Northeast China. A total of 94 strains of bacteria were isolated and identified using the 16S rRNA and symbiotic genes (nodC, nifH) analysis, of which 70 strains were identified as rhizobia belonging to the genus Bradyrhizobium. To further validate the application effects of rhizobia, we selec-ted seven representative indigenous rhizobia based on the results of phylogenetic analysis, and conducted laboratory experiments to determine their nodulation and the impacts on soybeans. The results showed that, compared to the control without rhizobial inoculation, all the seven indigenous rhizobia exhibited good promoting and nodulation abilities. Among them, strains H7-L22 and H34-L6 performed the best, with the former significantly increasing plant height by 25.7% and the latter increasing root nodule dry weight by 20.9% to 67.1% compared to other indi-genous rhizobia treatments. We tested these two efficient rhizobia strains as soybean rhizobial inoculants in field experiments. The promoting effect of mixed rhizobial inoculants was significantly better than single ones. Compared to the control without inoculation, soybean yield increased by 8.4% with the strain H7-L22 treatment and by 17.9% with the mixed inoculant treatment. Additionally, there was a significant increase in the number of four-seed pods in soybeans. In conclusion, the application of rhizobial inoculants can significantly increase soybean yield, thereby reducing dependence on nitrogen fertilizer during soybean production, improving soil health, and promoting green development in agriculture in the black soil region of Northeast China.},
}
@article {pmid39233381,
year = {2024},
author = {Breivik, TJ and Gjermo, P and Gundersen, Y and Opstad, PK and Murison, R and Hugoson, A and von Hörsten, S and Fristad, I},
title = {Microbiota-immune-brain interactions: A new vision in the understanding of periodontal health and disease.},
journal = {Periodontology 2000},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/prd.12610},
pmid = {39233381},
issn = {1600-0757},
abstract = {This review highlights the significance of interactions between the microbiota, immune system, nervous and hormonal systems, and the brain on periodontal health and disease. Microorganisms in the microbiota, immune cells, and neurons communicate via homeostatic nervous and hormonal systems, regulating vital body functions. By modulating pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory adaptive immune responses, these systems control the composition and number of microorganisms in the microbiota. The strength of these brain-controlled responses is genetically determined but is sensitive to early childhood stressors, which can permanently alter their responsiveness via epigenetic mechanisms, and to adult stressors, causing temporary changes. Clinical evidence and research with humans and animal models indicate that factors linked to severe periodontitis enhance the responsiveness of these homeostatic systems, leading to persistent hyperactivation. This weakens the immune defense against invasive symbiotic microorganisms (pathobionts) while strengthening the defense against non-invasive symbionts at the gingival margin. The result is an increased gingival tissue load of pathobionts, including Gram-negative bacteria, followed by an excessive innate immune response, which prevents infection but simultaneously destroys gingival and periodontal tissues. Thus, the balance between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory adaptive immunity is crucial in controlling the microbiota, and the responsiveness of brain-controlled homeostatic systems determines periodontal health.},
}
@article {pmid39233035,
year = {2024},
author = {Li, J and Wang, S and Liu, P and Peng, J and Liu, X and Sun, Q and Zhou, B and Lei, K},
title = {Environmental DNA Metabarcoding Reveals the Influence of Environmental Heterogeneity on Microeukaryotic Plankton in the Offshore Waters of East China Sea.},
journal = {Environmental research},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {119921},
doi = {10.1016/j.envres.2024.119921},
pmid = {39233035},
issn = {1096-0953},
abstract = {Microeukaryotic plankton are essential to marine food webs and biogeochemical cycles, with coastal seas playing a critical role in aquatic ecosystems. Understanding the diversity of microeukaryotic plankton, deciphering their community structure and succession patterns, and identifying the key factors influencing these dynamics remain central challenges in coastal ecology. In this study, we examine patterns of biodiversity, community structure, and co-occurrence using environmental DNA (eDNA)-based methods. Our results show a linear correlation between α-diversity and distance from the shore, with nutrient-related factors, especially inorganic nitrogen, being the primary determinants of the spatial distribution of plankton communities. Alternation of coastal habitat have shifted the succession patterns of coastal eukaryotic plankton communities from stochastic to deterministic processes. Additionally, our observations indicate that the topology and structure of eukaryotic plankton symbiotic patterns and networks are significantly influenced by environmental heterogeneity such as nutrients, which increase the vulnerability and decrease the stability of offshore ecological networks. Overall, our study demonstrates that the distribution of microeukaryotic plankton communities is influenced by factors related to environmental heterogeneity.},
}
@article {pmid39232804,
year = {2024},
author = {Rødsgaard-Jørgensen, A and Leal-Dutra, CA and de Santana, SF and Jensen, AR and Marques, RE and Aguiar, ERGR and Shik, JZ},
title = {Two +ssRNA mycoviruses cohabiting the fungal cultivar of leafcutter ants.},
journal = {Virology journal},
volume = {21},
number = {1},
pages = {211},
pmid = {39232804},
issn = {1743-422X},
support = {ERC-2017-STG-757810//HORIZON EUROPE European Research Council/ ; VEX-50281//Villum Fonden/ ; CF22-0664//Carlsbergfondet/ ; },
mesh = {*Fungal Viruses/genetics/classification/isolation &amp; purification/physiology ; Animals ; *Genome, Viral ; *Ants/microbiology/virology ; *RNA, Viral/genetics ; Phylogeny ; Open Reading Frames ; Symbiosis ; RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase/genetics ; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission ; RNA Viruses/genetics/classification/isolation &amp; purification/physiology ; Agaricales/virology/genetics ; },
abstract = {Leafcutter ants are dominant herbivores in the Neotropics and rely on a fungus (Leucoagaricus gongylophorus) to transform freshly gathered leaves into a source of nourishment rather than consuming the vegetation directly. Here we report two virus-like particles that were isolated from L. gongylophorus and observed using transmission electron microscopy. RNA sequencing identified two +ssRNA mycovirus strains, Leucoagaricus gongylophorus tymo-like virus 1 (LgTlV1) and Leucoagaricus gongylophorus magoulivirus 1 (LgMV1). Genome annotation of LgTlV1 (7401 nt) showed conserved domains for methyltransferase, endopeptidase, viral RNA helicase, and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp). The smaller genome of LgMV1 (2636 nt) contains one open reading frame encoding an RdRp. While we hypothesize these mycoviruses function as symbionts in leafcutter farming systems, further study will be needed to test whether they are mutualists, commensals, or parasites.},
}
@article {pmid39232483,
year = {2024},
author = {Zhang, Y and Ku, YS and Cheung, TY and Cheng, SS and Xin, D and Gombeau, K and Cai, Y and Lam, HM and Chan, TF},
title = {Challenges to rhizobial adaptability in a changing climate: Genetic engineering solutions for stress tolerance.},
journal = {Microbiological research},
volume = {288},
number = {},
pages = {127886},
doi = {10.1016/j.micres.2024.127886},
pmid = {39232483},
issn = {1618-0623},
abstract = {Rhizobia interact with leguminous plants in the soil to form nitrogen fixing nodules in which rhizobia and plant cells coexist. Although there are emerging studies on rhizobium-associated nitrogen fixation in cereals, the legume-rhizobium interaction is more well-studied and usually serves as the model to study rhizobium-mediated nitrogen fixation in plants. Rhizobia play a crucial role in the nitrogen cycle in many ecosystems. However, rhizobia are highly sensitive to variations in soil conditions and physicochemical properties (i.e. moisture, temperature, salinity, pH, and oxygen availability). Such variations directly caused by global climate change are challenging the adaptive capabilities of rhizobia in both natural and agricultural environments. Although a few studies have identified rhizobial genes that confer adaptation to different environmental conditions, the genetic basis of rhizobial stress tolerance remains poorly understood. In this review, we highlight the importance of improving the survival of rhizobia in soil to enhance their symbiosis with plants, which can increase crop yields and facilitate the establishment of sustainable agricultural systems. To achieve this goal, we summarize the key challenges imposed by global climate change on rhizobium-plant symbiosis and collate current knowledge of stress tolerance-related genes and pathways in rhizobia. And finally, we present the latest genetic engineering approaches, such as synthetic biology, implemented to improve the adaptability of rhizobia to changing environmental conditions.},
}
@article {pmid39232392,
year = {2024},
author = {Lin, SK and Kuo, PH and Hsu, CY and Chiu, YH and Chen, CH},
title = {The effects of Lactobacillus plantarum PS128 in patients with major depressive disorder: an eight-week double-blind, placebo-controlled study.},
journal = {Asian journal of psychiatry},
volume = {101},
number = {},
pages = {104210},
doi = {10.1016/j.ajp.2024.104210},
pmid = {39232392},
issn = {1876-2026},
abstract = {Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a complex mental disorder, potentially linked to the gut-microbiota-brain axis. Probiotics like Lactobacillus plantarum PS128 (PS128) may improve depressive symptoms by modulating the gut microbiota based on our previous open trial. We conducted an 8-week double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to investigate the impact of PS128 on depression severity, markers of inflammation and gut permeability, and the gut microbiota composition in 32 patients with MDD with stable antidepressant treatment but moderate symptom severity. Following the 8-week intervention, both the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale-17 score (HAMD), and Depression and Somatic Symptoms Scale (DSSS) showed a significant decrease in both groups (p<0.001). However, there was no significant difference in the change of depression severity between groups (p=0.203). Moreover, alterations in serum levels of high sensitivity C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and intestinal fatty acid binding protein, as well as changes in the gut microbiota composition, did not exhibit significant differences before and after intervention or between the groups. In comparison to the placebo group, our study did not find significant effects of PS128 on depressive symptoms, biomarkers of inflammation and gut permeability, and the overall gut microbiota composition. Nonetheless, we observed a potential impact of PS128 on the symbiosis of specific taxa. To comprehensively understand the psychophysiological effects of PS128 in patients with MDD, further research with a larger sample size is imperative.},
}
@article {pmid39231790,
year = {2024},
author = {Tingga, RCT and Gani, M and Mohd-Ridwan, AR and Aifat, NR and Matsuda, I and Md-Zain, BM},
title = {Gut microbial assessment among Hylobatidae at the National Wildlife Rescue Centre, Peninsular Malaysia.},
journal = {Journal of veterinary science},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.4142/jvs.23312},
pmid = {39231790},
issn = {1976-555X},
support = {//Ministry of Natural Resources and Environmental Sustainability/Malaysia ; /UKM/Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia/Malaysia ; /JST/Japan Science and Technology Agency/Japan ; ST-2022-027/JSPS/Japan Society for the Promotion of Science/Japan ; ST-2021-017/JSPS/Japan Society for the Promotion of Science/Japan ; JPMJCR17A4/JSPS/Japan Society for the Promotion of Science/Japan ; 26711027/JSPS/Japan Society for the Promotion of Science/Japan ; 15K14605/JSPS/Japan Society for the Promotion of Science/Japan ; 19H03308/JSPS/Japan Society for the Promotion of Science/Japan ; },
abstract = {IMPORTANCE: Recent developments in genetic analytical techniques have enabled the comprehensive analysis of gastrointestinal symbiotic bacteria as a screening tool for animal health conditions, especially the endangered gibbons at the National Wildlife Rescue Centre (NWRC).<br><br>OBJECTIVE: High-throughput sequencing based on 16S ribosomal RNA genes was used to determine the baseline gut bacterial composition and identify potential pathogenic bacteria among three endangered gibbons housed in the NWRC.<br><br>METHODS: Feces were collected from 14 individuals (Hylobates lar, n = 9; Hylobates agilis, n = 4; and Symphalangus syndactylus, n = 1) from March to November 2022. Amplicon sequencing were conducted by targeting V3-V4 region.<br><br>RESULTS: The fecal microbial community of the study gibbons was dominated by Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes (phylum level), Prevotellaceae and Lachnospiraceae/Muribaculaceae (family level), and Prevotella (and its subgroups) (genera level). This trend suggests that the microbial community composition of the study gibbons differed insignificantly from previously reported conspecific or closely related gibbon species.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: This study showed no serious health problems that require immediate attention. However, relatively low alpha diversity and few potential bacteria related to gastrointestinal diseases and streptococcal infections were detected. Information on microbial composition is essential as a guideline to sustain a healthy gut condition of captive gibbons in NWRC, especially before releasing this primate back into the wild or semi-wild environment. Further enhanced husbandry environments in the NWRC are expected through continuous health monitoring and increase diversity of the gut microbiota through diet diversification.},
}
@article {pmid39231270,
year = {2024},
author = {Zhang, Y and Liu, T and Nan, T and Hua, Z and Zhao, Y and Yuan, Y},
title = {Characteristics and functions of volatile organic compounds in the tripartite symbiotic system of Gastrodia elata-Armillaria gallica-Rahnella aceris HPDA25.},
journal = {Plant signaling &amp; behavior},
volume = {19},
number = {1},
pages = {2399426},
doi = {10.1080/15592324.2024.2399426},
pmid = {39231270},
issn = {1559-2324},
mesh = {*Symbiosis/physiology ; *Volatile Organic Compounds/metabolism ; *Gastrodia/microbiology/metabolism/genetics ; *Armillaria/metabolism/genetics ; },
abstract = {Tripartite interactions among plants, fungi, and bacteria are critical for maintaining plant growth and fitness, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) play a significant role in these interactions. However, the functions of VOCs within the niche of mycoheterotrophic plants, which represent unique types of interactions, remain poorly understood. Gastrodia elata, a mycoheterotrophic orchid species, forms a symbiotic relationship with specific Armillaria species, serving as a model system to investigate this intriguing issue. Rahnella aceris HPDA25 is a plant growth-promoting bacteria isolated from G. elata, which has been found to facilitate the establishment of G. elata-Armillaria symbiosis. In this study, using the tripartite symbiotic system of G. elata-Armillaria gallica-R. aceris HPDA25, we investigate the role of VOCs in the interaction among mycoheterotrophic plants, fungi, and bacteria. Our results showed that 33 VOCs of HPDA25-inducible symbiotic G. elata elevated compared to non-symbiotic G. elata, indicating that VOCs indeed play a role in the symbiotic process. Among these, 21 VOCs were accessible, and six active VOCs showed complete growth inhibition activities against A. gallica, while R. aceris HPDA25 had no significant effect. In addition, three key genes of G. elata have been identified that may contribute to the increased concentration of six active VOCs. These results revealed for the first time the VOCs profile of G. elata and demonstrated its regulatory role in the tripartite symbiotic system involving G. elata, Armillaria, and bacteria.},
}
@article {pmid39228833,
year = {2024},
author = {Xu, L and He, J and Meng, Y and Zheng, Y and Lu, B and Zhang, J and Zhou, Y},
title = {Enhancing drought resistance in Pinus tabuliformis seedlings through root symbiotic fungi inoculation.},
journal = {Frontiers in plant science},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1446437},
pmid = {39228833},
issn = {1664-462X},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Drought constitutes a major abiotic stress factor adversely affecting plant growth and productivity. Plant-microbe symbiotic associations have evolved regulatory mechanisms to adapt to environmental stress conditions. However, the interactive effects of different fungi on host growth and stress tolerance under drought conditions remain unclear.<br><br>OBJECTIVE: This study explored the effects of varying polyethylene glycol (PEG-6000) concentrations (0%, 15%, 25%, and 35%) on the growth and physiological responses of two ectomycorrhizal fungi (Suillus granulatus (Sg) and Pisolithus tinctorius (Pt)) and two dark septate endophytes (Pleotrichocladium opacum (Po) and Pseudopyrenochaeta sp. (Ps)) isolated from the root system of Pinus tabuliformis. Specifically, the study aimed to evaluate six inoculation treatments, including no inoculation (CK), single inoculations with Sg, Pt, Po, Ps, and a mixed inoculation (Sg: Pt : Po: Ps = 1:1:1:1), on the growth and physiological characteristics of P. tabuliformis seedlings under different water regimes: well-watered at 70% &#xb1; 5%, light drought at 50% &#xb1; 5%, and severe drought at 30% &#xb1; 5% of the maximum field water holding capacity.<br><br>RESULTS: All four fungi exhibited the capacity to cope with drought stress by enhancing antioxidant activities and regulating osmotic balance. Upon successful root colonization, they increased plant height, shoot biomass, root biomass, total biomass, and mycorrhizal growth response in P. tabuliformis seedlings. Under drought stress conditions, fungal inoculation improved seedling drought resistance by increasing superoxide dismutase and catalase activities, free proline and soluble protein contents, and promoting nitrogen and phosphorus uptake. Notably, mixed inoculation treatments significantly enhanced antioxidant capacity, osmotic adjustment, and nutrient acquisition abilities, leading to superior growth promotion effects under drought stress compared to single inoculation treatments.<br><br>CONCLUSION: All four fungi tolerated PEG-induced drought stress, with increased antioxidant enzyme activities and osmotic adjustment substances and they promoted the growth and enhanced drought resistance of P. tabuliformis seedlings.},
}
@article {pmid39228053,
year = {2024},
author = {O'Brien, PA and Robbins, SJ and Tan, S and Rix, L and Miller, DJ and Webster, NS and Zhang, G and Bourne, DG},
title = {Comparative genomics identifies key adaptive traits of sponge-associated microbial symbionts.},
journal = {Environmental microbiology},
volume = {26},
number = {9},
pages = {e16690},
doi = {10.1111/1462-2920.16690},
pmid = {39228053},
issn = {1462-2920},
support = {//AIMS@JCU/ ; //Beijing Genomics Institute/ ; },
mesh = {*Symbiosis ; *Porifera/microbiology ; Animals ; *Genomics ; *Bacteria/genetics/classification/metabolism ; Microbiota ; Phylogeny ; Genome, Bacterial ; },
abstract = {Sponge microbiomes are often highly diverse making it difficult to determine which lineages are important for maintaining host health and homeostasis. Characterising genomic traits associated with symbiosis can improve our knowledge of which lineages have adapted to their host and what functions they might provide. Here we examined five microbial families associated with sponges that have previously shown evidence of cophylogeny, including Endozoicomonadaceae, Nitrosopumilaceae, Spirochaetaceae, Microtrichaceae and Thermoanaerobaculaceae, to better understand the mechanisms behind their symbiosis. We compared sponge-associated genomes to genomes found in other environments and found that sponge-specific clades were enriched in genes encoding many known mechanisms for symbiont survival, such as avoiding phagocytosis and defence against foreign genetic elements. We expand on previous knowledge to show that glycosyl hydrolases with sulfatases and sulfotransferases likely form multienzyme degradation pathways to break and remodel sulfated polysaccharides and reveal an enrichment in superoxide dismutase that may prevent damage from free oxygen radicals produced by the host. Finally, we identified novel traits in sponge-associated symbionts, such as urea metabolism in Spirochaetaceae which was previously shown to be rare in the phylum Spirochaetota. These results identify putative mechanisms by which symbionts have adapted to living in association with sponges.},
}
@article {pmid39225339,
year = {2024},
author = {Sarrette, B and Luu, TB and Johansson, A and Fliegmann, J and Pouzet, C and Pichereaux, C and Remblière, C and Sauviac, L and Carles, N and Amblard, E and Guyot, V and Bonhomme, M and Cullimore, J and Gough, C and Jacquet, C and Pauly, N},
title = {Medicago truncatula SOBIR1 controls pathogen immunity and specificity in the Rhizobium-legume symbiosis.},
journal = {Plant, cell &amp; environment},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/pce.15071},
pmid = {39225339},
issn = {1365-3040},
support = {//Fonds Europ&#xe9;ens de DEveloppement R&#xe9;gional (FEDER)/ ; //Agence Nationale de la Recherche/ ; //Laboratoire d'Excellence SIGNALIFE/ ; //Laboratoire d'Excellence TULIP/ ; //F&#xe9;d&#xe9;ration de Recherche Agrobiosciences, Interactions et Biodiversit&#xe9; FRAIB/ ; },
abstract = {Medicago truncatula Nod Factor Perception (MtNFP) plays a role in both the Rhizobium-Legume (RL) symbiosis and plant immunity, and evidence suggests that the immune-related function of MtNFP is relevant for symbiosis. To better understand these roles of MtNFP, we sought to identify new interacting partners. We screened a yeast-2-hybrid cDNA library from Aphanomyces euteiches infected and noninfected M. truncatula roots. The M. truncatula leucine-rich repeat (LRR) receptor-like kinase SUPPRESSOR OF BIR1 (MtSOBIR1) was identified as an interactor of MtNFP and was characterised for kinase activity, and potential roles in symbiosis and plant immunity. We showed that the kinase domain of MtSOBIR1 is active and can transphosphorylate the pseudo-kinase domain of MtNFP. MtSOBIR1 could functionally complement Atsobir1 and Nbsobir1/sobir1-like mutants for defence activation, and Mtsobir1 mutants were defective in immune responses to A. euteiches. For symbiosis, we showed that Mtsobir1 mutant plants had both a strong, early infection defect and defects in the defence suppression in nodules, and both effects were plant genotype- and rhizobial strain-specific. This work highlights a conserved function for MtSOBIR1 in activating defence responses to pathogen attack, and potentially novel symbiotic functions of downregulating defence in association with the control of symbiotic specificity.},
}
@article {pmid39224928,
year = {2024},
author = {Eichfeld, R and Mahdi, LK and De Quattro, C and Armbruster, L and Endeshaw, AB and Miyauchi, S and Hellmann, MJ and Cord-Landwehr, S and Peterson, D and Singan, V and Lail, K and Savage, E and Ng, V and Grigoriev, IV and Langen, G and Moerschbacher, BM and Zuccaro, A},
title = {Transcriptomics reveal a mechanism of niche defense: two beneficial root endophytes deploy an antimicrobial GH18-CBM5 chitinase to protect their hosts.},
journal = {The New phytologist},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/nph.20080},
pmid = {39224928},
issn = {1469-8137},
support = {//Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft/ ; //Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences/ ; },
abstract = {Effector secretion is crucial for root endophytes to establish and protect their ecological niche. We used time-resolved transcriptomics to monitor effector gene expression dynamics in two closely related Sebacinales, Serendipita indica and Serendipita vermifera, during symbiosis with three plant species, competition with the phytopathogenic fungus Bipolaris sorokiniana, and cooperation with root-associated bacteria. We observed increased effector gene expression in response to biotic interactions, particularly with plants, indicating their importance in host colonization. Some effectors responded to both plants and microbes, suggesting dual roles in intermicrobial competition and plant-microbe interactions. A subset of putative antimicrobial effectors, including a GH18-CBM5 chitinase, was induced exclusively by microbes. Functional analyses of this chitinase revealed its antimicrobial and plant-protective properties. We conclude that dynamic effector gene expression underpins the ability of Sebacinales to thrive in diverse ecological niches with a single fungal chitinase contributing substantially to niche defense.},
}
@article {pmid39224166,
year = {2024},
author = {Stone, MM and Afriandi, H and Suwanda, FN and Andono, A and Mahmud, R and Khairani, OK and Clark, AB and Webster, M and McGowan, K and Radcliffe, RW},
title = {Symbiosis between the Javan rhinoceros and slender-billed crow: A novel inferred cleaning mutualism.},
journal = {Ecology and evolution},
volume = {14},
number = {9},
pages = {e70224},
pmid = {39224166},
issn = {2045-7758},
abstract = {Over the past century, the Javan rhinoceroses' (Rhinoceros sondaicus) secluded nature and low population size have led to a gap in knowledge of their ecology. With fewer than 80 individuals surviving in a single population in West Java, Indonesia, the Javan rhinoceros is one of the most critically endangered mammals in the world. As part of a pilot bioacoustics study of the Javan rhinoceros in 2019, we systematically reviewed camera trap footage from the core Javan rhinoceros range in Ujung Kulon National Park (UKNP). In doing so, we discovered a previously unknown interaction between the Javan rhinoceros and the slender-billed crow (Corvus enca), in which the crow finds and eats ectoparasites from the rhinoceros (Figure 1). We describe this interaction and suggest that it may represent a cleaning mutualism with benefits for both the crow and the rhinoceros.},
}
@article {pmid39224055,
year = {2024},
author = {Zhang, X and Yi, B and Jia, W and Zhao, S and Savilov, S and Yao, S and Shen, ZX and Chen, G and Wei, Z and Du, F},
title = {Boosting K+-ionic Conductivity of Layered Oxides via Regulating P2/P3 Heterogeneity and Reciprocity for Room-temperature Quasi-solid-state Potassium Metal Batteries.},
journal = {Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e202413214},
doi = {10.1002/anie.202413214},
pmid = {39224055},
issn = {1521-3773},
abstract = {Solid-state potassium metal batteries are promising candidates for grid-scale energy storage due to their low cost, high energy density and inherent safety. However, solid state K-ion conductors struggle with poor ionic conductivity due to the large ionic radius of K+-ions. Herein, we report precise regulation of phase heterogeneity and reciprocity of the P2/P3-symbiosis K0.62Mg0.54Sb0.46O2 solid electrolyte (SE) for boosting a high ionic conductivity of 1.6×10-4 S cm-1 at 25 °C. The bulk ionic conducting mechanism is explored by elucidating the effect of atomic stacking mode within the layered framework on K+-ion migration barriers. For ion diffusion at grain boundaries, the P2/P3 biphasic symbiosis property assists in tunning the SE microstructure, which crystallizes in rod-like particles with lengths of tens of micrometers facilitating long-distance ion transport and significantly decreasing grain boundary resistance. Potassium metal symmetric cells using the modified SE deliver excellent cycling life over 300 h at 0.1 mA cm-2 and a high critical current density of 0.68 mA cm-2. The quasi-solid-state potassium metal batteries (QSSKBs) coupled with two kinds of layered oxide cathodes demonstrate remarkable stability over 300 cycles, outperforming the liquid electrolyte counterparts. The QSSKB system provides a promising strategy for high-efficiency, safe, and durable large-scale energy storage.},
}
@article {pmid39223675,
year = {2024},
author = {Maurice, K and Laurent-Webb, L and Bourceret, A and Boivin, S and Boukcim, H and Selosse, MA and Ducousso, M},
title = {Networking the desert plant microbiome, bacterial and fungal symbionts structure and assortativity in co-occurrence networks.},
journal = {Environmental microbiome},
volume = {19},
number = {1},
pages = {65},
pmid = {39223675},
issn = {2524-6372},
abstract = {In nature, microbes do not thrive in seclusion but are involved in complex interactions within- and between-microbial kingdoms. Among these, symbiotic associations with mycorrhizal fungi and nitrogen-fixing bacteria are namely known to improve plant health, while providing resources to benefit other microbial members. Yet, it is not clear how these microbial symbionts interact with each other or how they impact the microbiota network architecture. We used an extensive co-occurrence network analysis, including rhizosphere and roots samples from six plant species in a natural desert in AlUla region (Kingdom of Saudi Arabia) and described how these symbionts were structured within the plant microbiota network. We found that the plant species was a significant driver of its microbiota composition and also of the specificity of its interactions in networks at the microbial taxa level. Despite this specificity, a motif was conserved across all networks, i.e., mycorrhizal fungi highly covaried with other mycorrhizal fungi, especially in plant roots-this pattern is known as assortativity. This structural property might reflect their ecological niche preference or their ability to opportunistically colonize roots of plant species considered non symbiotic e.g., H. salicornicum, an Amaranthaceae. Furthermore, these results are consistent with previous findings regarding the architecture of the gut microbiome network, where a high level of assortativity at the level of bacterial and fungal orders was also identified, suggesting the existence of general rules of microbiome assembly. Otherwise, the bacterial symbionts Rhizobiales and Frankiales covaried with other bacterial and fungal members, and were highly structural to the intra- and inter-kingdom networks. Our extensive co-occurrence network analysis of plant microbiota and study of symbiont assortativity, provided further evidence on the importance of bacterial and fungal symbionts in structuring the global plant microbiota network.},
}
@article {pmid39223450,
year = {2024},
author = {Valerio, F and Martel, C and Stefanescu, C and van Nouhuys, S and Kankare, M and Duplouy, A},
title = {Wolbachia strain diversity in a complex group of sympatric cryptic parasitoid wasp species.},
journal = {BMC microbiology},
volume = {24},
number = {1},
pages = {319},
pmid = {39223450},
issn = {1471-2180},
mesh = {Animals ; *Wolbachia/genetics/classification/isolation &amp; purification ; *Wasps/microbiology ; *Symbiosis ; *Phylogeny ; Sympatry ; Gene Transfer, Horizontal ; Genetic Variation ; Lepidoptera/microbiology/parasitology ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Maternally-inherited symbionts can induce pre-mating and/or post-mating reproductive isolation between sympatric host lineages, and speciation, by modifying host reproductive phenotypes. The large parasitoid wasp genus Cotesia (Braconidae) includes a diversity of cryptic species, each specialized in parasitizing one to few related Lepidoptera host species. Here, we characterized the infection status of an assemblage of 21 Cotesia species from 15 countries by several microbial symbionts, as a first step toward investigating whether symbionts may provide a barrier to gene flow between these parasitoid host lineages.<br><br>RESULTS: The symbiotic microbes Arsenophonus, Cardinium, Microsporidium and Spiroplasma were not detected in the Cotesia wasps. However, the endosymbiotic bacterium Wolbachia was present in at least eight Cotesia species, and hence we concentrated on it upon screening additional DNA extracts and SRAs from NCBI. Some of the closely related Cotesia species carry similar Wolbachia strains, but most Wolbachia strains showed patterns of horizontal transfer between phylogenetically distant host lineages.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: The lack of co-phylogenetic signal between Wolbachia and Cotesia suggests that the symbiont and hosts have not coevolved to an extent that would drive species divergence between the Cotesia host lineages. However, as the most common facultative symbiont of Cotesia species, Wolbachia may still function as a key-player in the biology of the parasitoid wasps. Its precise role in the evolution of this complex clade of cryptic species remains to be experimentally investigated.},
}
@article {pmid39221518,
year = {2024},
author = {Leksin, I and Shelyakin, M and Zakhozhiy, I and Kozlova, O and Beckett, R and Minibayeva, F},
title = {Ultraviolet-induced melanisation in lichens: physiological traits and transcriptome profile.},
journal = {Physiologia plantarum},
volume = {176},
number = {5},
pages = {e14512},
doi = {10.1111/ppl.14512},
pmid = {39221518},
issn = {1399-3054},
support = {23-14-00327//Russian Science Foundation/ ; },
mesh = {*Lichens/physiology/radiation effects/genetics/metabolism ; *Ultraviolet Rays ; *Transcriptome ; Melanins/metabolism ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant/radiation effects ; },
abstract = {Lichens are important components of high-latitude boreal and Arctic habitats. While stress tolerant, they are among the most sensitive ecosystem components to climate change, in particular, an increase in ultraviolet light (UV) arising from polar ozone depletion and deforestation. This study is the first to explore the effects of UV-B on gene expression in lichens to predict metabolic pathways involved in tolerance. Using transcriptome profiling and bioinformatic analyses, here we studied the effects of UV-B on gene expression in lichens using Lobaria pulmonaria (L.) Hoff. as a model species. UV-B exposure causes significant browning of the upper cortex of the thallus, which correlates to an increased expression of biosynthetic gene clusters involved in the synthesis of eu- and allomelanins and melanin precursors. Based on transcriptome analyses, we suggest that the biosynthesis of melanins and other secondary metabolites, such as naphthalene derivates, tropolones, anthraquinones, and xanthones, is a trade-off that lichens pay to protect essential metabolic processes such as photosynthesis and respiration. Expression profiles of general stress-associated genes, in particular, related to reactive oxygen species scavenging, protection of proteins, and DNA repair, clearly indicate that the mycobiont is the more UV-B-responsive and susceptible partner in lichen symbiosis. Our findings demonstrate that UV-B stress activates an intricate gene network involved in tolerance mechanisms of lichen symbionts. Knowledge obtained here may enable the prediction of likely effects on lichen biodiversity caused by climate change and pollution.},
}
@article {pmid39221500,
year = {2024},
author = {Li, B and Mamuti, R and Xiao, L and Qian, B and Wang, Y and Wei, X},
title = {The adaptation of lichen symbiosis to desert saline-alkali stress depends more on their symbiotic algae.},
journal = {Physiologia plantarum},
volume = {176},
number = {5},
pages = {e14510},
doi = {10.1111/ppl.14510},
pmid = {39221500},
issn = {1399-3054},
support = {32070096//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; KJZ-YY-WSM05//Space Application System of China Manned Space Program/ ; 5232020//Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation/ ; },
mesh = {*Symbiosis/physiology ; *Lichens/physiology ; Alkalies ; Adaptation, Physiological ; Desert Climate ; Stress, Physiological ; Oxidative Stress ; Salinity ; Soil/chemistry ; Lipid Peroxidation ; },
abstract = {Soil salinization is a major environmental threat to the entire terrestrial ecosystem. Lichens arose from the symbiosis of fungi and algae or cyanobacteria. They have a high tolerance to various extreme environments, including adaptation to saline-alkali habitats. Thus, lichens are pioneer species on saline-alkali soil. However, the separate resilience of the two symbiotic partners under saline-alkali conditions remains insufficiently understood. In this study, two representative symbiotic algae, Diplosphaera chodatii and Trebouxia jamesii, were studied for their physiological response to the saline-alkali stress by adjusting different concentrations of NaHCO3, together with their respective symbiotic fungi Endocarpon pusillum (terricolous lichen) and Umbilicaria muhlenbergii (saxicolous lichen). The results indicate that cell growth rate and biomass in all four cultures decreased in alkali-alkaline substrate, while cellular activities and ultrastructure were affected to a distinct extent. Compared with the symbiotic fungi, the algae were found to be more active in coordinating oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation damage under the saline-alkali stress. The antioxidant system of the alga was especially shown as a key adaptive trait and it provides an important strategy for species survival and persistence in arid saline-alkali desert. The specific survival ability of the lichen symbiosis relies on the stress resilience advantages of the symbiotic partners in combination. Our study provided new insights into understanding the adaptation of lichen symbiosis to desert saline-alkali soil, and the potential of lichen symbiotic algae in the future desert ecological restoration.},
}
@article {pmid39221496,
year = {2024},
author = {Hosseini, F and Mosaddeghi, MR},
title = {Chemical and physical characteristics of wheat root mucilage influenced by Serendipita indica symbiosis: a comparison among four cultivars.},
journal = {Physiologia plantarum},
volume = {176},
number = {5},
pages = {e14470},
doi = {10.1111/ppl.14470},
pmid = {39221496},
issn = {1399-3054},
support = {97005904//Iran National Science Foundation (INSF) and Isfahan University of Technology/ ; },
mesh = {*Triticum/physiology/microbiology/metabolism ; *Plant Roots/microbiology/physiology/metabolism ; *Plant Mucilage/metabolism ; *Symbiosis/physiology ; *Basidiomycota/physiology ; Fatty Acids/metabolism ; Seedlings/physiology ; },
abstract = {Although there is evidence to suggest that the endophytic fungus Serendipita indica plays a crucial role in enhancing plant tolerance against biotic/abiotic stressors, less is known about the impacts of this symbiosis association on root mucilage chemical composition and its physical functions. The mucilage of inoculated and non-inoculated seedlings of four wheat cultivars (i.e., Roshan, Ghods, Kavir and Pishtaz) were extracted using an aeroponic method. Total solute concentration (TCm), carbon content (Cmucilage), electrical conductivity (EC), pH, fatty acids, surface tension (σm), and viscosity (ηm) of mucilage were measured. Ghods and Kavir had the highest and lowest root colonization percents, respectively. Saturated fatty acids, including palmitic and stearic acids, were dominant over unsaturated fatty acids in wheat root mucilage. However, their compositions were significantly different among wheat cultivars. S. indica colonization, especially for Ghods, increased the TCm, Cmucilage, and palmitic acid. Moreover, root mucilage of S. indica-inoculated Ghods had lower σm and greater ηm. An increased amount of powerful surfactants like palmitic acid in the mucilage of S. indica inoculated treatments led to lower σm and greater ηm. Such studies provide further support for the idea that plant-released mucilage plays a major role in modifying the physical environment of the rhizosphere. This knowledge toward truly understanding the rhizosphere can be potentially used for improving the rhizosphere soil quality and increasing crop growth and yield.},
}
@article {pmid39220015,
year = {2024},
author = {Yue, J and Yan, Z and Liu, W and Liu, J and Yang, D},
title = {A visual pollination mechanism of a new specialized pollinating weevil-plant reciprocity system.},
journal = {Frontiers in plant science},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1432263},
pmid = {39220015},
issn = {1664-462X},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Pollinating flower-consuming mutualisms are considered exemplary models for studying coevolution due to their rarity. Visual cues are considered to have a major role in facilitating the evolution of floral patterns in these systems. We present a new specialized pollinating flower-consuming mutualism from the plant Wurfbainia villosa, which is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine, by a pollinating weevil, Xenysmoderes sp.<br><br>METHODS: In this study, We utilized monochrome plates for binary-choice tests to determine weevil color preferences, conducted behavioral choice experiments, using trackballs, photographed flowers and weevils, and employed blue sticky boards to attract weevils in the field.<br><br>RESULTS: Tests were conducted using colorpreferring weevils in both indoor and outdoor field systems, and validation experiments were performed. Behavioral tests were conducted to investigate the role of the visual cues in the pollinator attraction of W. villosa, which is a selfcompatible insect-pollinated plant that relies primarily on the Xenysmoderes sp. weevil for pollination due to its specialized gynandrium-like structure. Behavioral tests demonstrated that a blue color wavelength of 480 nm and the blue color system, as along with the UV-style pattern of the flowers, particularly the parts with specialized gynandrium-like structures in the labellum, were significantly attractive to both male and female weevils. These results were further confirmed through the field blue sticky board trap method.<br><br>DISCUSSION: These findings indicated that the interaction between W. villosa and Xenysmoderes sp. weevil was a novel symbiotic relationship involving pollinator flower consumption. Additionally, Wurfbainia villosa flowers developed specific visual cues of UV patterns and specialized structures that played a crucial role in attracting pollinators.},
}
@article {pmid39219755,
year = {2024},
author = {Alam, MZ and Dey Roy, M},
title = {The reduction of abiotic stress in food crops through climate-smart mycorrhiza-enriched biofertilizer.},
journal = {AIMS microbiology},
volume = {10},
number = {3},
pages = {674-693},
pmid = {39219755},
issn = {2471-1888},
abstract = {Climate change enhances stress in food crops. Recently, abiotic stress such as metalloid toxicity, salinity, and drought have increased in food crops. Mycorrhizal fungi can accumulate several nutrients within their hyphae through a symbiotic relationship and release them to cells in the root of the food crops under stress conditions. We have studied arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF)-enriched biofertilizers as a climate-smart technology option to increase safe and healthy food production under abiotic stress. AMF such as Glomus sp., Rhizophagus sp., Acaulospora morrowiae, Paraglomus occultum, Funneliformis mosseae, and Claroideoglomus etunicatum enhance growth and yield in food crops grown in soils under abiotic stress. AMF also works as a bioremediation material in food crops grown in soil. More precisely, the arsenic concentrations in grains decrease by 57% with AMF application. In addition, AMF increases mineral contents, and antioxidant activities under drought and salinity stress in food crops. Catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) increased by 45% and 70% in AMF-treated plants under drought stress. AMF-enriched biofertilizers are used in crop fields like precision agriculture to reduce the demand for chemical fertilizers. Subsequently, AMF-enriched climate-smart biofertilizers increase nutritional quality by reducing abiotic stress in food crops grown in soils. Consequently, a climate resilience environment might be developed using AMF-enriched biofertilizers for sustainable livelihood.},
}
@article {pmid39219685,
year = {2024},
author = {Chi, Y and Wei, F and Tang, D and Mu, C and Ma, H and Wang, Z and Al-Rasheid, KAS and Hines, HN and Chen, X},
title = {Exploring the biogeography, morphology, and phylogeny of the condylostomatid ciliates (Alveolata, Ciliophora, Heterotrichea), with establishment of four new Condylostoma species and a revision including redescriptions of five species found in China.},
journal = {Marine life science &amp; technology},
volume = {6},
number = {3},
pages = {365-404},
pmid = {39219685},
issn = {2662-1746},
abstract = {UNLABELLED: Species of the ciliate class Heterotrichea Stein, 1859 are a cosmopolitan group of unicellular eukaryotic microorganisms, many of which have been widely used as models in various fields of research such as regenerative biology, functional ecology, environmental toxicology, and symbiotic behavior. However, species identification in the heterotrich family Condylostomatidae, especially the most species-rich and type genus Condylostoma Bory de Saint-Vincent, 1824, remains challenging due to incomplete original descriptions, few reliable distinguishing characters, and overlapping features between different species. This study presents an updated revision of Condylostoma and its related genus Condylostomides da Silva Neto, 1994 based on descriptions of five species, including nine populations collected from China, using both morphological and molecular methods. The main findings are as follows: (1) 43 nominal species and about 130 populations are reviewed, resulting in the recognition of 30 valid species of Condylostoma and eight valid species of Condylostomides; (2) keys, synonyms, biogeographic distributions and amended/improved diagnoses of all valid species are provided; (3) based on the available data, four new Condylostoma species (C. marinum sp. nov., C. petzi sp. nov., C. villeneuvei sp. nov., and C. microstomum sp. nov.), one new combination (Condylostomides minimus (Dragesco, 1954) comb. nov. &amp; nom. corr.), and two corrected names (Condylostoma ancestrale Villeneuve-Brachon, 1940 nom. corr. and Condylostomides nigrus (Dragesco, 1960) nom. corr.) are suggested; (4) cryptic species are detected and proposed for the first time to form the Condylostoma curvum species complex; (5) three highly confusing Condylostoma species, C. kris, C. spatiosum, and C. minutum, are redefined for the first time based on modern taxonomic methods; (6) a 'flagship' species, Condylostomides coeruleus, is recorded for the first time from the continent of Asia, substantially expanding its biogeography; (7) ciliature adjacent to the distal end of the paroral membrane within the family Condylostomatidae is uniformly defined as frontal membranelles and is classified into three patterns according to the arrangement of kinetosomes, which serve as important key features.<br><br>SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s42995-024-00223-3.},
}
@article {pmid39218724,
year = {2024},
author = {Zhang, J and Sun, H and Feng, F and Liang, P},
title = {Chitinase-assisted winner: nematodes antagonize symbiotic microbes.},
journal = {Trends in microbiology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.tim.2024.08.008},
pmid = {39218724},
issn = {1878-4380},
abstract = {Nematodes do not merely siphon off plant resources but also sabotage the plant's mutualistic relationships with beneficial microbes. Yang and colleagues elegantly elucidated this generalizable molecular antagonism, revealing how Heterodera glycines, the notorious soybean cyst nematode (SCN), suppresses beneficial microbial symbiosis through a specific chitinase, HgCht2.},
}
@article {pmid39218086,
year = {2024},
author = {Zhou, L and Zhang, X and Al-Dhabi, NA and Zhang, X and Tang, W and Liu, W and Wu, P},
title = {Metabolic evolution and bottleneck insights into simultaneous autotroph-heterotroph anammox system for real municipal wastewater nitrogen removal.},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {175941},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175941},
pmid = {39218086},
issn = {1879-1026},
abstract = {When biological nitrogen removal (BNR) systems shifted from treating simulated wastewater to real wastewater, a microbial succession occurred, often resulting in a decline in efficacy. Notably, despite their high nitrogen removal efficiency for real wastewater, anammox coupled systems operating without or with minimal carbon sources also exhibited a certain degree of performance reduction. The underlying reasons and metabolic shifts within these systems remained elusive. In this study, the simultaneous autotrophic/heterotrophic anammox system demonstrated remarkable metabolic resilience upon exposure to real municipal wastewater, achieving a nitrogen removal efficiency (NRE) of 82.83 ± 2.29 %. This resilience was attributed to the successful microbial succession and the complementary metabolic functions of heterotrophic microorganisms, which fostered a resilient microbial community. The system's ability to harness multiple electron sources, including NADH oxidation, the TCA cycle, and organics metabolism, allowed it to establish a stable and efficient electron transfer chain, ensuring effective nitrogen removal. Despite the denitrification channel's nitrite supply capability, the analysis of the interspecies correlation network revealed that the synergistic metabolism between AOB and AnAOB was not fully restored, resulting in selective functional bacterial and genetic interactions and the system's PN/A performance declined. Additionally, the enhanced electron affinity of PD increased interconversion of NO3[-]-N and NO2[-]-N, limiting the efficient utilization of electrons and thereby constraining nitrogen removal performance. This study elucidated the metabolic mechanism of nitrogen removal limitations in anammox-based systems treating real municipal wastewater, enhancing our understanding of the metabolic functions and electron transfer within the symbiotic bacterial community.},
}
@article {pmid39216737,
year = {2024},
author = {Chen, J and Yu, X and Yu, K and Chen, B and Qin, Z and Liao, Z and Ma, Y and Xu, L and Wang, Y},
title = {Potential adaptation of scleractinian coral Pocillopora damicornis during hypo-salinity stress caused by extreme pre-flood rainfall over South China.},
journal = {Environmental research},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {119848},
doi = {10.1016/j.envres.2024.119848},
pmid = {39216737},
issn = {1096-0953},
abstract = {Global warming intensifies the water cycle, resulting in significant increases in precipitation and river runoff, which brings severe hypo-salinity stress to nearshore coral reefs. Ecological investigations have found that some corals exhibit remarkable adaptability to hypo-salinity stress during mass-bleaching events. However, the exact cause of this phenomenon remains unclear. To elucidate the potential molecular mechanism leading to high tolerance to hypo-salinity stress, Pocillopora damicornis was used as a research object in this study. We compared the differences in transcriptional responses and symbiotic microbiomes between bleaching and unbleaching P. damicornis during hypo-salinity stress caused by extreme pre-flood rainfall over South China in 2022. The results showed that: (1) Under hypo-salinity stress, the coral genes related to immune defense and cellular stress were significantly upregulated in bleaching corals, indicating more severe immune damage and stress, and the Symbiodiniaceae had no significant gene enrichment. Conversely, metabolic genes related to glycolysis/gluconeogenesis were significantly downregulated in unbleaching corals, whereas Symbiodiniaceae genes related to oxidative phosphorylation were significantly upregulated to meet the energy requirements of coral holobiont; (2) C1d was the dominant Symbiodiniaceae subclade in all samples, with no significant difference between the two groups; (3) The symbiotic bacterial community structure was reorganized under hypo-salinity stress. The abundance of opportunistic bacteria increased significantly in bleaching coral, whereas the relative abundance of probiotics was higher in unbleaching coral. This may be due to severe immune damage, making the coral more susceptible to opportunistic infection and bleaching. These results suggest that long-term hypo-salinity acclimation in the Pearl River Estuary enhances the tolerance of some corals to hypo-salinity stress. Corals with higher tolerance may reduce energy consumption by slowing down their metabolism, improve the energy metabolism of Symbiodiniaceae to meet the energy requirements of the coral holobiont, and alter the structure of symbiotic bacterial communities to avoid bleaching.},
}
@article {pmid39216315,
year = {2024},
author = {Morita, H and Kodama, Y},
title = {Quantitative analysis of trichocysts in Paramecium bursaria following artificial removal and infection with the symbiotic Chlorella variabilis.},
journal = {European journal of protistology},
volume = {95},
number = {},
pages = {126115},
doi = {10.1016/j.ejop.2024.126115},
pmid = {39216315},
issn = {1618-0429},
abstract = {The ciliate Paramecium bursaria possesses cell organelles called trichocysts that have defensive functions. Paramecium bursaria is capable of symbiosis with Chlorella variabilis, and the symbiotic algae are situated in close proximity to the trichocysts. To clarify the relationship between trichocysts in P. bursaria and the presence or absence of the intracellular symbiotic C. variabilis, this study compared the regeneration capacity of trichocysts in alga-free and algae-bearing P. bursaria. In addition, trichocyst protein abundance was measured when alga-free P. bursaria specimens were artificially infected with Chlorella. After completely removing trichocysts from P. bursaria cells by treatment with lysozyme and observing them after 24 h, the percentage of regenerating trichocysts in the entire cell was significantly higher in alga-free cells than that in algae-bearing cells. We also developed a simple method for the isolation of high-purity trichocysts to quantify trichocyst protein amounts. There was a significant difference in the trichocyst protein abundance of P. bursaria before and one week after mixing with Chlorella (i.e., after the establishment of symbiosis with algae). This study shows the importance of trichocysts in alga-free P. bursaria as well as their competition with symbiotic C. variabilis for attachment sites during the algal infection process.},
}
@article {pmid39215647,
year = {2024},
author = {Liu, X and Elzenga, JTM and Venema, JH and Tiedge, KJ},
title = {Thriving in a salty future: morpho-anatomical, physiological, and molecular adaptations to salt stress in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and other crops.},
journal = {Annals of botany},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/aob/mcae152},
pmid = {39215647},
issn = {1095-8290},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: With soil salinity levels rising at an alarming rate, accelerated by climate change and human interventions, there is a growing need for crop varieties that can grow on saline soils. Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) is a cool-season perennial leguminous crop, commonly grown as forage, biofuel feedstock, and soil conditioner. It demonstrates significant potential for agricultural circularity and sustainability, for example by fixing nitrogen, sequestering carbon, and improving soil structures. Although alfalfa is traditionally regarded as moderately salt-tolerant species, modern alfalfa varieties display specific salt-tolerance mechanisms, which could be used to pave alfalfa's role as a leading crop able to grow on saline soils.<br><br>SCOPE: Alfalfa's salt tolerance underlies a large variety of cascading biochemical and physiological mechanisms. These are partly enabled by alfalfa's complex genome structure and out-crossing nature, which on the other hand entail impediments for molecular and genetic studies. This review first summarizes the general effects of salinity on plants and the broad-ranging mechanisms for dealing with salt-induced osmotic stress, ion toxicity, and secondary stress. Secondly, we address defensive and adaptive strategies that have been described for alfalfa, such as the plasticity of alfalfa's root system, hormonal crosstalk for maintaining ion homeostasis, spatiotemporal specialized metabolite profiles, and the protection of alfalfa-rhizobia associations. Finally, bottlenecks for research of the physiological and molecular salt-stress responses as well as biotechnology-driven improvements of salt tolerance are identified and discussed.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Understanding morpho-anatomical, physiological, and molecular responses to salinity is essential for the improvement of alfalfa and other crops in saline land reclamation. This review identifies potential breeding targets for enhancing alfalfa performance stability and general crop robustness for rising salt levels as well as to promote alfalfa applications in saline land management.},
}
@article {pmid39210954,
year = {2024},
author = {Tominaga, T and Kaminaka, H},
title = {In Vitro Hyphal Branching Assay Using Rhizophagus irregularis.},
journal = {Bio-protocol},
volume = {14},
number = {16},
pages = {e5054},
pmid = {39210954},
issn = {2331-8325},
abstract = {Most terrestrial plants are associated with symbiotic Glomeromycotina fungi, commonly known as arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. AM fungi increase plant biomass in phosphate-depleted conditions by allocating mineral nutrients to the host; therefore, host roots actively exude various specialized metabolites and orchestrate symbiotic partners. The hyphal branching activity induced by strigolactones (SLs), a category of plant hormones, was previously discovered using an in vitro assay system. For this bioassay, AM fungi of the Gigaspora genus (Gigasporaeae) are commonly used due to their linear hyphal elongation and because the simple branching pattern is convenient for microscopic observation. However, many researchers have also used Glomeraceae fungi, such as Rhizophagus species, as the symbiotic partner of host plants, although they often exhibit a complex hyphal branching pattern. Here, we describe a method to produce and quantify the hyphal branches of the popular model AM fungus Rhizophagus irregularis. In this system, R. irregularis spores are sandwiched between gels, and chemicals of interest are diffused from the surface of the gel to the germinating spores. This method enables the positive effect of a synthetic SL on R. irregularis hyphal branching to be reproduced. This method could thus be useful to quantify the physiological effects of synthesized chemicals or plant-derived specialized metabolites on R. irregularis. Key features • Development of an in vitro hyphal branching assay using germinating spores of Rhizophagus irregularis. • This in vitro assay system builds upon a method developed by Kameoka et al. [1] but modified to make it more applicable to hydrophilic compounds. • Optimized for R. irregularis to count the hyphal branches. • This bioassay requires at least 12 days to be done.},
}
@article {pmid39214775,
year = {2024},
author = {Mergaert, P and Giraud, E},
title = {Pathogenic nematodes exploit Achilles' heel of plant symbioses.},
journal = {Trends in parasitology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.pt.2024.08.005},
pmid = {39214775},
issn = {1471-5007},
abstract = {Cyst nematode parasites disrupt beneficial associations of crops with rhizobia and mycorrhiza. Chen et al. discovered the mechanism and demonstrated that the soybean cyst nematode Heterodera glycines secretes a chitinase that destroys key symbiotic signals from the microbial symbionts. The authors further developed a chitinase inhibitor that alleviates symbiosis inhibition.},
}
@article {pmid39213769,
year = {2024},
author = {Zhao, S and Qian, J and Lu, B and Tang, S and He, Y and Liu, Y and Yan, Y and Jin, S},
title = {Enhancing treatment performance of Chlorella pyrenoidosa on levofloxacin wastewater through microalgae-bacteria consortia: Mechanistic insights using the transcriptome.},
journal = {Journal of hazardous materials},
volume = {479},
number = {},
pages = {135670},
doi = {10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135670},
pmid = {39213769},
issn = {1873-3336},
abstract = {Microalgae-bacteria consortia (MBC) system has been shown to enhance the efficiency of microalgae in wastewater treatment, yet its effectiveness in treating levofloxacin (LEV) wastewater remains unexplored. This study compared the treatment of LEV wastewater using pure Chlorella pyrenoidosa (PA) and its MBC constructed with activated sludge bacteria. The results showed that MBC improved the removal efficiency of LEV from 3.50-5.41 % to 33.62-57.20 % by enhancing the growth metabolism of microalgae. The MBC increased microalgae biomass and extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) secretion, yet reduced photosynthetic pigment content compared to the PA. At the phylum level, Proteobacteria and Actinobacteriota are the major bacteria in MBC. Furthermore, the transcriptome reveals that the growth-promoting effects of MBC are associated with the up-regulation of genes encoding the glycolysis, the citrate cycle (TCA cycle), and the pentose phosphate pathway. Enhanced carbon fixation, coupled with down-regulation of photosynthetic electron transfer processes, suggests an energy allocation mechanism within MBC. The up-regulation of porphyrin and arachidonic acid metabolism, along with the expression of genes encoding LEV-degrading enzymes, provides evidence of MBC's superior tolerance to and degradation of LEV. Overall, these findings lead to a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms through which MBC outperforms PA in treating LEV wastewater.},
}
@article {pmid39212827,
year = {2024},
author = {Okabe, K and Fujii, S and Makino, S and Doi, K and Nakamura, S and Saitoh, T and Shimada, T},
title = {Mite composition in nests of the Japanese wood mouse, Apodemus speciosus (Rodentia: Muridae).},
journal = {Experimental &amp; applied acarology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {39212827},
issn = {1572-9702},
support = {20H00652//Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS)/ ; 22K19882//Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS)/ ; 19H03005//Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS)/ ; },
abstract = {Acari is a diverse group of arthropods that include well-known parasites of animals. Rodents, particularly, serve as common hosts of mites and ticks, transmitting pathogens to domestic animals and humans. Understanding the ecological dynamics between parasites and rodent hosts is crucial for ecosystem management. Due to limited knowledge about the life history of ectoparasites in wild mouse nests, we collected four nests of Apodemus speciosus, the most common rodent species in the wild areas of Japan, along with soil samples near the nests to study arthropod communities. Mites overwhelmingly populated the mouse nests, comprising approximately 90% of all arthropods, while both mites and collembolans were prevalent in soil. Various species identified in our study, such as those from the families Laelapidae, Pygmephoridae, Cheyletidae, Trombiculidae, Glycyphagidae, and Thyrisomidae align with known ectoparasites or species found in the nests of other rodent species, but most parasitic species were never collected in the surrounding soil except for trombiculids. The dominance of mites in mouse nests suggests selective preference for inhabiting these host environments, although the exact reasons driving this dominance remain unclear. Further investigations into the food web within mouse nests will aid in characterising faunal composition and understanding the ecological interaction among rodents, mites, and other nest symbionts.},
}
@article {pmid39212462,
year = {2024},
author = {Bashyal, S and Gautam, CK and Das, D},
title = {Dynamic regulation of PHR2 is essential for arbuscule maintenance.},
journal = {The New phytologist},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/nph.20044},
pmid = {39212462},
issn = {1469-8137},
}
@article {pmid39211153,
year = {2024},
author = {Wagner, JM and Wong, JH and Millar, JG and Haxhimali, E and Bruckner, A and Naragon, TH and Boedicker, JQ and Parker, J},
title = {Enforced specificity of an animal symbiosis.},
journal = {bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1101/2024.08.04.606548},
pmid = {39211153},
issn = {2692-8205},
abstract = {Insect diversification has been catalyzed by widespread specialization on novel hosts - a process underlying exceptional radiations of phytophagous beetles, lepidopterans, parasitoid wasps, and inordinate lineages of symbionts, predators and other trophic specialists. The strict fidelity of many such interspecies associations is posited to hinge on sensory tuning to host-derived cues, a model supported by studies of neural function in host-specific model species. Here, we investigated the sensory basis of symbiotic interactions between a myrmecophile rove beetle and its single, natural host ant species. We show that host cues trigger analogous behaviors in both ant and symbiont. Cuticular hydrocarbons - the ant's nestmate recognition pheromones - elicit partner recognition by the beetle and execution of ant grooming behavior, integrating the beetle into the colony via chemical mimicry. The beetle also follows host trail pheromones, permitting inter-colony dispersal. Remarkably, the rove beetle also performs its symbiotic behaviors with ant species separated by ~95 million years, and shows minimal preference for its natural host over non-host ants. Experimentally validated agent-based modeling supports a scenario in which specificity is enforced by physiological constraints on symbiont dispersal, and negative fitness interactions with alternative hosts, rather than via sensory tuning. Enforced specificity may be a pervasive mechanism of host range restriction of specialists embedded within host niches. Chance realization of latent compatibilities with alternative hosts may facilitate host switching, enabling deep-time persistence of obligately symbiotic lineages.},
}
@article {pmid39209870,
year = {2024},
author = {Doby, JR and Siniscalchi, CM and Pajuelo, M and Krigbaum, J and Soltis, DE and Guralnick, RP and Folk, RA},
title = {Elemental and isotopic analysis of leaves predicts nitrogen-fixing phenotypes.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {14},
number = {1},
pages = {20065},
pmid = {39209870},
issn = {2045-2322},
support = {2316267//DEB/ ; DEB-2316266//NSF/ ; },
mesh = {*Plant Leaves/metabolism/chemistry ; *Nitrogen Fixation ; *Phenotype ; *Symbiosis ; *Nitrogen Isotopes/analysis/metabolism ; *Carbon Isotopes/analysis ; Phylogeny ; Nitrogen/metabolism/analysis ; Ecosystem ; Carbon/metabolism/analysis ; },
abstract = {Nitrogen (N)-fixing symbiosis is critical to terrestrial ecosystems, yet possession of this trait is known for few plant species. Broader presence of the symbiosis is often indirectly determined by phylogenetic relatedness to taxa investigated via manipulative experiments. This data gap may ultimately underestimate phylogenetic, spatial, and temporal variation in N-fixing symbiosis. Still needed are simpler field or collections-based approaches for inferring symbiotic status. N-fixing plants differ from non-N-fixing plants in elemental and isotopic composition, but previous investigations have not tested predictive accuracy using such proxies. Here we develop a regional field study and demonstrate a simple classification model for fixer status using nitrogen and carbon content measurements, and stable isotope ratios (δ[15]N and δ[13]C), from field-collected leaves. We used mixed models and classification approaches to demonstrate that N-fixing phenotypes can be used to predict symbiotic status; the best model required all predictors and was 80-94% accurate. Predictions were robust to environmental context variation, but we identified significant variation due to native vs. non-native (exotic) status and phylogenetic affinity. Surprisingly, N content-not δ[15]N-was the strongest predictor, suggesting that future efforts combine elemental and isotopic information. These results are valuable for understudied taxa and ecosystems, potentially allowing higher-throughput field-based N-fixer assessments.},
}
@article {pmid39207710,
year = {2024},
author = {Garofalo, S and D'Alessandro, G and Limatola, C},
title = {Microglia in Glioma.},
journal = {Advances in neurobiology},
volume = {37},
number = {},
pages = {513-527},
pmid = {39207710},
issn = {2190-5215},
mesh = {*Microglia/metabolism/pathology ; Humans ; *Brain Neoplasms/pathology/metabolism ; *Tumor Microenvironment ; *Glioma/pathology/metabolism ; Animals ; Glioblastoma/pathology/metabolism ; },
abstract = {Myeloid cells are fundamental constituents of the brain tumor microenvironment. In this chapter, we describe the state-of-the-art knowledge on the role of microglial cells in the cross-talk with the most common and aggressive brain tumor, glioblastoma. We report in vitro and in vivo studies related to glioblastoma patients and glioma models to outline the symbiotic interactions that microglia develop with tumoral cells, highlighting the heterogeneity of microglial functions in shaping the brain tumor microenvironment.},
}
@article {pmid39207169,
year = {2024},
author = {Baker, BJ and Sarno, N},
title = {Small archaea may form intimate partnerships to maximize their metabolic potential.},
journal = {mBio},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e0034724},
doi = {10.1128/mbio.00347-24},
pmid = {39207169},
issn = {2150-7511},
abstract = {DPANN archaea have characteristically small cells and unique genomes that were long overlooked in diversity surveys. Their reduced genomes often lack essential metabolic pathways, requiring symbiotic relationships with other archaeal and bacterial hosts for survival. Yet a long-standing question remains, what is the advantage of maintaining ultrasmall cells. A recent study by Zhang et al. examined genomes of DPANN archaea from marine oxygen deficient zones (ODZs) (I. H. Zhang, B. Borer, R. Zhao, S. Wilbert, et al., mBio 15:e02918-23, 2024, https://doi.org/10.1128/mbio.02918-23). Surprisingly, these genomes contain a broad array of metabolic pathways including genes predicted to be involved in nitrous oxide (N2O) reduction. However, N2O levels are likely too low in ODZs to make this metabolically feasible. Modeling co-localization of DPANN archaea (N2O consumers) with other larger cells (N2O producers) demonstrates that N2O uptake rates can be optimized by maximizing the producer-to-consumer size ratio and proximity of consumer cells to producers. This may explain why such a diversity of archaea maintain extremely small cell sizes.},
}
@article {pmid39207106,
year = {2024},
author = {Martinez, S and Grover, R and Ferrier-Pagès, C},
title = {Unveiling the importance of heterotrophy for coral symbiosis under heat stress.},
journal = {mBio},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e0196624},
doi = {10.1128/mbio.01966-24},
pmid = {39207106},
issn = {2150-7511},
abstract = {Global warming endangers reef-building corals as they lose their photosynthetic symbionts, which limits their ability to feed autotrophically. Consequently, heterotrophy, the capture of zooplankton, can become crucial for the energy budget of heat-stressed corals. However, it is difficult to assess the extent of the heterotrophic contribution in corals, as well as the dynamics of nutrient exchange between the host and its symbionts. In this pioneering study, we employed a suite of isotopic markers, including [13]C- and [15]N bulk tissue isotope measurements, compound-specific isotope analysis of amino acids (CSIA-AAs), and [13]C- and [15]N-labeled food incubations, to investigate nutrient acquisition and allocation in the coral Stylophora pistillata under controlled and heat-induced bleaching conditions. Bulk isotope values and inorganic carbon assimilation remained unchanged in the bleached corals compared to the control corals, overall indicating undisturbed autotrophic activity of the symbionts under heat stress. However, CSIA-AAs showed an increased dependence on heterotrophy for amino acid synthesis in both the host and the symbionts despite reduced assimilation of [15]N-labeled food. Overall, these results suggest that although S. pistillata reduces its assimilation of heterotrophic food under heat stress, the acquisition of amino acids by the coral host and symbionts still relies on heterotrophy. This study emphasizes the importance of using multiple indicators to gain a comprehensive understanding of coral nutrition. It shows that coral dependence on heterotrophy is not only associated with a decline in autotrophic availability. Rather, it demonstrates the ability of S. pistillata to adapt its utilization of food sources to the prevailing environmental conditions.IMPORTANCEThis work highlights that every isotopic marker displays a piece of different information concerning the diet of the model coral S. pistillata. By combining all markers, we observed that although S. pistillata exhibited reduced heterotrophic assimilation under heat stress, amino acid acquisition and synthesis remained dependent on heterotrophy. The findings emphasize the adaptability of corals in utilizing different food sources, which is vital for their resilience and recovery in changing environmental conditions. This research underscores the complexity of coral symbiosis and highlights the need for multiple indicators to understand dietary dynamics comprehensively.},
}
@article {pmid39206669,
year = {2024},
author = {Venn, AA and Techer, N and Segonds, N and Tambutté, E and Tambutté, S},
title = {Quantification of cytosolic 'free' calcium in isolated coral cells with confocal microscopy.},
journal = {The Journal of experimental biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1242/jeb.247638},
pmid = {39206669},
issn = {1477-9145},
abstract = {Despite its prominent role as an intracellular messenger in all organisms, cytosolic free calcium ([Ca2+]i) has never been quantified in corals or cnidarians in general. Ratiometric calcium dyes and cell imaging have been key methods in successful research on [Ca2+]i in model systems, and could be applied to corals. Here, we developed a procedure to quantify [Ca2+]i in isolated cells from the model coral species Stylophora pistillata using Indo-1 and confocal microscopy. We quantified [Ca2+]i in coral cells with and without intracellular dinoflagellate symbionts, and verified our procedure on cultured mammalian cells. We then used our procedure to measure changes in [Ca2+]i in coral cells exposed to a classic inhibitor of [Ca2+]i regulation, thapsigargin, and also used it to record elevations in [Ca2+]i in coral cells undergoing apoptosis. Our procedure paves the way for future studies into intracellular calcium in corals and other cnidarians.},
}
@article {pmid39203560,
year = {2024},
author = {Zhang, W and Xue, W and Liu, J and Zhu, H and Zhao, Z},
title = {Molecular Diversity of Ectomycorrhizal Fungi in Relation to the Diversity of Neighboring Plant Species.},
journal = {Microorganisms},
volume = {12},
number = {8},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/microorganisms12081718},
pmid = {39203560},
issn = {2076-2607},
support = {2022YFF1300405//National Key Research and Development Program of China/ ; 2017YFC0504605//National Key Research and Development Program of China/ ; },
abstract = {(1) Background: Plant diversity has long been assumed to predict soil microbial diversity. The mutualistic symbiosis between forest trees and ectomycorrhizal (EM) fungi favors strong correlations of EM fungal diversity with host density in terrestrial ecosystems. Nevertheless, in contrast with host tree effects, neighboring plant effects are less well studied. (2) Methods: In the study presented herein, we examined the α-diversity, community composition, and co-occurrence patterns of EM fungi in Quercus acutissima across different forest types (pure forests, mixed forests with Pinus tabuliformis, and mixed forests with other broadleaved species) to ascertain how the EM fungi of focal trees are related to their neighboring plants and to identify the underlying mechanisms that contribute to this relationship. (3) Results: The EM fungal community exhibited an overall modest but positive correlation with neighboring plant richness, with the associations being more pronounced in mixed forests. This neighboring effect was mediated by altered abiotic (i.e., SOC, TN, LC, and LP) and biotic (i.e., bacterial community) factors in rhizosphere soil. Further analysis revealed that Tomentella_badia, Tomentella_galzinii, and Sebacina_incrustans exhibited the most significant correlations with plant and EM fungal diversity. These keystone taxa featured low relative abundance and clear habitat preferences and shared similar physiological traits that promote nutrient uptake through contact, short-distance and medium-distance smooth contact-based exploration types, thereby enhancing the potential correlations between EM fungi and the neighboring plant community. (4) Conclusions: Our findings contribute to the comprehension of the effect of neighboring plants on the EM fungal community of focal trees of different forest communities and the biodiversity sensitivity to environmental change.},
}
@article {pmid39203433,
year = {2024},
author = {Ramos Cabrera, EV and Delgado Espinosa, ZY and Solis Pino, AF},
title = {Use of Phosphorus-Solubilizing Microorganisms as a Biotechnological Alternative: A Review.},
journal = {Microorganisms},
volume = {12},
number = {8},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/microorganisms12081591},
pmid = {39203433},
issn = {2076-2607},
abstract = {Microorganisms with the ability to dissolve phosphorus have the potential to release this essential nutrient into the soil through natural solubilization processes, which allows for boosting plant growth and development. While literature reviews acknowledge their potential, unexplored territories concerning accessibility, application, and effective integration into sustainable agriculture necessitate further research. This manuscript employed distinct methodologies to execute a bibliometric analysis and a literature review. The combined application of both methodologies enables a holistic understanding of the domain landscape and its innovative facets. For the bibliometric analysis, the propositions of Donthu and Jia were utilized, supplemented by tools, such as Bibliometrix. The literature review adhered to a systematic methodology predicated on Petersen's guidelines to represent the domain accurately, pinpointing trends and gaps that could steer future, more detailed research. This investigation uncovers an escalating interest in studying these microorganisms since the 2000s, emphasizing their significance in sustainable agriculture and the context of phosphorus scarcity. It was also discerned that India and China, nations with notable agricultural sectors and a high demand for phosphorus fertilizers, spearheaded research output on this subject. This signifies their substantial contribution to the progression of this scientific field. Furthermore, according to the research consulted, phosphorus-solubilizing microorganisms play a pivotal role in the symbiotic interaction of soil with plant roots and represent an efficacious strategy to counteract the low availability of phosphorus in the soil and sustainably enhance agricultural systems. Finally, this review contributes to the relevant domain by examining existing empirical evidence with special emphasis on sustainable agriculture, improved understanding of phosphorus solubilization mechanisms, and recognition of various microbial entities.},
}
@article {pmid39203400,
year = {2024},
author = {Shi, N and He, T and Qin, H and Wang, Z and You, S and Wang, E and Hu, G and Wang, F and Yu, M and Liu, X and Liu, Z},
title = {Microvirga sesbaniae sp. nov. and Microvirga yunnanensis sp. nov., Pink-Pigmented Bacteria Isolated from Root Nodules of Sesbania cannabina (Retz.) Poir.},
journal = {Microorganisms},
volume = {12},
number = {8},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/microorganisms12081558},
pmid = {39203400},
issn = {2076-2607},
support = {No.23327501D//The provincial Key research and development (R&amp;D) Program of Hebei Province/ ; },
abstract = {Four pigment-producing rhizobial strains nodulating Sesbania cannabina (Retz.) Poir. formed a unique group in genus Microvirga in the phylogeny of a 16S rRNA gene and five housekeeping genes (gyrB, recA, dnaK, glnA, and atpD) in a genome analysis, phenotypic characteristics analysis, and chemotaxonomic analysis. These four strains shared as high as 99.3% similarity with Microvirga tunisiensis LmiM8[T] in the 16S rRNA gene sequence and, in an MLSA, were subdivided into two clusters, ANI (genome average nucleotide) and dDDH (digital DNA-DNA hybridization) which shared sequence similarities lower than the species thresholds with each other and with the reference strains for related Microvirga species. The polar lipids elucidated that phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), and cardiolipin were the main components for strain SWF67558[T] and for strain HBU65207[T], with the exception of PC. SWF67558[T] and HBU65207[T] strains had similar predominant cellular fatty acids, including C16:0, C18:0, summed feature 2, and summed feature8, but with different contents. In addition, all the four novel strains produced pink-pigment, and the main coloring material extract from strain SWF67558[T] was identified as zeaxanthin, which presented antioxidant ability and reduction power. With all the phylogenetic and phenotypic divergency, we proposed these pink-pigmented symbiotic bacteria as two novel species, named Microvirga sesbaniae sp. nov. and Microvirga yunnanensis sp. nov., with SWF67558[T] (=KCTC82331[T]=GDMCC1.2024[T]) and HBU65207[T] (=KCTC92125[T]=GDMCC1.2023[T]) as the type strains, respectively.},
}
@article {pmid39203391,
year = {2024},
author = {Qian, S and Xu, Y and Zhang, Y and Wang, X and Niu, X and Wang, P},
title = {Effect of AMF Inoculation on Reducing Excessive Fertilizer Use.},
journal = {Microorganisms},
volume = {12},
number = {8},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/microorganisms12081550},
pmid = {39203391},
issn = {2076-2607},
support = {20220101145JC, 20220508109RC//the Science &amp; Technology Development Program of Jilin Province, China/ ; },
abstract = {Excessive use of chemical fertilizer is a global concern. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are considered a potential solution due to their symbiotic association with crops. This study assessed AMF's effects on maize yield, fertilizer efficiency, plant traits, and soil nutrients under different reduced-fertilizer regimes in medium-low fertility fields. We found that phosphorus supplementation after a 30% fertilizer reduction enhanced AMF's positive impact on grain yield, increasing it by 3.47% with pure chemical fertilizers and 6.65% with mixed fertilizers. The AMF inoculation did not significantly affect the nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer use efficiency, but significantly increased root colonization and soil mycelium density. Mixed fertilizer treatments with phosphorus supplementation after fertilizer reduction showed greater mycorrhizal effects on plant traits and soil nutrient contents compared to chemical fertilizer treatments. This study highlights that AMF inoculation, closely linked to fertilization regimes, can effectively reduce fertilizer use while sustaining or enhancing maize yields.},
}
@article {pmid39203380,
year = {2024},
author = {Bai, C and Wang, Q and Xu, J and Zhang, H and Huang, Y and Cai, L and Zheng, X and Yang, M},
title = {Impact of Nutrient Enrichment on Community Structure and Co-Occurrence Networks of Coral Symbiotic Microbiota in Duncanopsammia peltata: Zooxanthellae, Bacteria, and Archaea.},
journal = {Microorganisms},
volume = {12},
number = {8},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/microorganisms12081540},
pmid = {39203380},
issn = {2076-2607},
support = {2022YFC3102003//the National Key Research and Development Program of China/ ; 2022ZD01//the Fund of Fujian Key Laboratory of Island Monitoring and Ecological Development (Island Research Center, MNR)/ ; 2019017//the Scientific Research Foundation of the Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources of China/ ; 41976127//the National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 2023J06043//the Fujian Provincial Natural Science Funds for Distinguished Young Scholar/ ; },
abstract = {Symbiotic microorganisms in reef-building corals, including algae, bacteria, archaea, fungi, and viruses, play critical roles in the adaptation of coral hosts to adverse environmental conditions. However, their adaptation and functional relationships in nutrient-rich environments have yet to be fully explored. This study investigated Duncanopsammia peltata and the surrounding seawater and sediments from protected and non-protected areas in the summer and winter in Dongshan Bay. High-throughput sequencing was used to characterize community changes, co-occurrence patterns, and factors influencing symbiotic coral microorganisms (zooxanthellae, bacteria, and archaea) in different environments. The results showed that nutrient enrichment in the protected and non-protected areas was the greatest in December, followed by the non-protected area in August. In contrast, the August protected area had the lowest nutrient enrichment. Significant differences were found in the composition of the bacterial and archaeal communities in seawater and sediments from different regions. Among the coral symbiotic microorganisms, the main dominant species of zooxanthellae is the C1 subspecies (42.22-56.35%). The dominant phyla of bacteria were Proteobacteria, Cyanobacteria, Firmicutes, and Bacteroidota. Only in the August protected area did a large number (41.98%) of SAR324_cladeMarine_group_B exist. The August protected and non-protected areas and December protected and non-protected areas contained beneficial bacteria as biomarkers. They were Nisaea, Spiroplasma, Endozoicomonas, and Bacillus. No pathogenic bacteria appeared in the protected area in August. The dominant phylum in Archaea was Crenarchaeota. These symbiotic coral microorganisms' relative abundances and compositions vary with environmental changes. The enrichment of dissolved inorganic nitrogen in environmental media is a key factor affecting the composition of coral microbial communities. Co-occurrence analysis showed that nutrient enrichment under anthropogenic disturbances enhanced the interactions between coral symbiotic microorganisms. These findings improve our understanding of the adaptations of coral holobionts to various nutritional environments.},
}
@article {pmid39202889,
year = {2024},
author = {Cheng, J and Zhou, DD and Xiong, RG and Wu, SX and Huang, SY and Saimaiti, A and Xu, XY and Tang, GY and Li, HB and Li, S},
title = {Effects of Fermentation with Kombucha Symbiotic Culture of Bacteria and Yeasts on Antioxidant Activities, Bioactive Compounds and Sensory Indicators of Rhodiola rosea and Salvia miltiorrhiza Beverages.},
journal = {Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {29},
number = {16},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/molecules29163809},
pmid = {39202889},
issn = {1420-3049},
support = {2014B020205002//Key Project of Guangdong Provincial Science and Technology Program/ ; },
mesh = {*Antioxidants/chemistry ; *Rhodiola/chemistry ; *Salvia miltiorrhiza/chemistry ; *Fermentation ; *Phenols/analysis/chemistry ; Beverages/analysis ; Plant Extracts/chemistry/pharmacology ; Yeasts/metabolism ; Bacteria/drug effects ; Phytochemicals/chemistry/analysis ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; },
abstract = {Kombucha is a well-known fermented beverage traditionally made from black tea infusion. Recent studies have focused on finding alternative materials to create novel kombucha beverages with various health benefits. In this study, we prepared and evaluated two novel kombucha beverages using Rhodiola rosea and Salvia miltiorrhiza as materials. The effects of fermentation with the residue of these plants on the kombucha were also investigated. The antioxidant activities, total phenolic contents, and concentrations of the bioactive compounds of the kombucha beverages were determined by the Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity test, ferric-reducing antioxidant power test, Folin-Ciocalteu method, and high-performance liquid chromatography, respectively. The results revealed that the kombucha beverages made with Rhodiola rosea and Salvia miltiorrhiza had strong antioxidant capacities and abundant phenolic contents. Additionally, the kombucha fermented with Rhodiola rosea residue had higher FRAP, TEAC and TPC values than that fermented without residue. On the other hand, the Salvia miltiorrhiza kombucha fermented with residue had similar FRAP and TEAC values but lower TPC values compared to that fermented without residue. The correlation analysis showed that gallic acid, salidroside, and tyrosol were responsible for the antioxidant abilities and total phenolic contents of the Rhodiola rosea kombucha, and salvianolic acid A and salvianolic acid B contributed to the antioxidant abilities of the Salvia miltiorrhiza kombucha. Furthermore, the kombucha fermented with Rhodiola rosea residue had the highest sensory scores among the kombucha beverages studied. These findings suggest that Rhodiola rosea and Salvia miltiorrhiza are suitable for making novel kombucha beverages with strong antioxidant abilities and abundant phenolic contents, which can be used in preventing and managing oxidative stress-related diseases.},
}
@article {pmid39202389,
year = {2024},
author = {Gerasimova, JV and Beck, A and Scheunert, A and Kulkarni, O},
title = {De Novo Genome Assembly of Toniniopsis dissimilis (Ramalinaceae, Lecanoromycetes) from Long Reads Shows a Comparatively High Composition of Biosynthetic Genes Putatively Involved in Melanin Synthesis.},
journal = {Genes},
volume = {15},
number = {8},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/genes15081029},
pmid = {39202389},
issn = {2073-4425},
support = {SNSBinnovativ grant "Alpiner Endemismus" to A.B.//Bavarian Natural History Collections/ ; SNSB-GCF start up grant//Bavarian Natural History Collections/ ; },
mesh = {*Melanins/biosynthesis/genetics ; *Genome, Fungal ; *Lichens/genetics/metabolism ; Multigene Family ; Phylogeny ; Biosynthetic Pathways/genetics ; Ascomycota/genetics/metabolism ; Polyketides/metabolism ; Fungal Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; },
abstract = {Lichens have developed numerous adaptations to optimize their survival in various environmental conditions, largely by producing secondary compounds by the fungal partner. They often have antibiotic properties and are involved in protection against intensive UV radiation, pathogens, and herbivores. To contribute to the knowledge of the arsenal of secondary compounds in a crustose lichen species, we sequenced and assembled the genome of Toniniopsis dissimilis, an indicator of old-growth forests, using Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT, Oxford, UK) long reads. Our analyses focused on biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) and specifically on Type I Polyketide (T1PKS) genes involved in the biosynthesis of polyketides. We used the comparative genomic approach to compare the genome of T. dissimilis with six other members of the family Ramalinaceae and twenty additional lichen genomes from the database. With only six T1PKS genes, a comparatively low number of biosynthetic genes are present in the T. dissimilis genome; from those, two-thirds are putatively involved in melanin biosynthesis. The comparative analyses showed at least three potential pathways of melanin biosynthesis in T. dissimilis, namely via the formation of 1,3,6,8-tetrahydroxynaphthalene, naphthopyrone, or YWA1 putative precursors, which highlights its importance in T. dissimilis. In addition, we report the occurrence of genes encoding ribosomally synthesized and posttranslationally modified peptides (RiPPs) in lichens, with their highest number in T. dissimilis compared to other Ramalinaceae genomes. So far, no function has been assigned to RiPP-like proteins in lichens, which leaves potential for future research on this topic.},
}
@article {pmid39201807,
year = {2024},
author = {Cano, R and Bermúdez, V and Galban, N and Garrido, B and Santeliz, R and Gotera, MP and Duran, P and Boscan, A and Carbonell-Zabaleta, AK and Durán-Agüero, S and Rojas-Gómez, D and González-Casanova, J and Díaz-Vásquez, W and Chacín, M and Angarita Dávila, L},
title = {Dietary Polyphenols and Gut Microbiota Cross-Talk: Molecular and Therapeutic Perspectives for Cardiometabolic Disease: A Narrative Review.},
journal = {International journal of molecular sciences},
volume = {25},
number = {16},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/ijms25169118},
pmid = {39201807},
issn = {1422-0067},
support = {CORFO 22INIM-213186//CORPORACI&#xd3;N Y FOMENTO A LA PRODUCCI&#xd3;N/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome/drug effects ; *Polyphenols/therapeutic use/pharmacology ; *Cardiovascular Diseases/metabolism/drug therapy/microbiology ; Animals ; Metabolic Diseases/drug therapy/metabolism/microbiology ; Diet ; },
abstract = {The intricate interplay between the gut microbiota and polyphenols has emerged as a captivating frontier in understanding and potentially harnessing the therapeutic potential of these bioactive compounds. Phenolic compounds, renowned for their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, and anticancer properties, are subject to intricate transformations within the gut milieu, where the diverse microbial ecosystem exerts profound effects on their metabolism and bioavailability. Conversely, polyphenols exhibit a remarkable capacity to modulate the composition and activity of the gut microbiota, fostering a bidirectional relationship that extends beyond mere nutrient processing. This symbiotic interaction holds significant implications for human health, particularly in cardiometabolic diseases such as diabetes mellitus, metabolic-dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease, and cardiovascular disease. Through a comprehensive exploration of molecular interactions, this narrative review elucidates the reciprocal dynamics between the gut microbiota and polyphenols, unveiling novel avenues for therapeutic intervention in cardiometabolic disorders. By unravelling the intricate cross-talk between these two entities, this review underscores the multifaceted roles of polyphenols in overall health and the pivotal role of gut microbiota modulation as a promising therapeutic strategy in mitigating the burden of cardiometabolic diseases.},
}
@article {pmid39201374,
year = {2024},
author = {Howard, A and Carroll-Portillo, A and Alcock, J and Lin, HC},
title = {Dietary Effects on the Gut Phageome.},
journal = {International journal of molecular sciences},
volume = {25},
number = {16},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/ijms25168690},
pmid = {39201374},
issn = {1422-0067},
support = {BRINM 217//Winkler Bacterial Overgrowth Research Fund/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome/physiology ; *Diet ; *Bacteriophages/physiology ; *Dysbiosis/microbiology ; Animals ; Virome ; },
abstract = {As knowledge of the gut microbiome has expanded our understanding of the symbiotic and dysbiotic relationships between the human host and its microbial constituents, the influence of gastrointestinal (GI) microbes both locally and beyond the intestine has become evident. Shifts in bacterial populations have now been associated with several conditions including Crohn's disease (CD), Ulcerative Colitis (UC), irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's Disease, liver diseases, obesity, metabolic syndrome, anxiety, depression, and cancers. As the bacteria in our gut thrive on the food we eat, diet plays a critical role in the functional aspects of our gut microbiome, influencing not only health but also the development of disease. While the bacterial microbiome in the context of disease is well studied, the associated gut phageome-bacteriophages living amongst and within our bacterial microbiome-is less well understood. With growing evidence that fluctuations in the phageome also correlate with dysbiosis, how diet influences this population needs to be better understood. This review surveys the current understanding of the effects of diet on the gut phageome.},
}
@article {pmid39200034,
year = {2024},
author = {Chen, M and Li, W and Teng, H and Hu, W and Dong, Z and Zhang, D and Liu, T and Zheng, Q},
title = {Impact of Combined Pollution of Ciprofloxacin and Copper on the Diversity of Archaeal Communities and Antibiotic-Resistance Genes.},
journal = {Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {13},
number = {8},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/antibiotics13080734},
pmid = {39200034},
issn = {2079-6382},
support = {2021YFC32013-04//the National Key Research and Development Program of China/ ; },
abstract = {This study aimed to explore the response of archaeal communities and antibiotic-resistance genes (ARGs) to ciprofloxacin (CIP, 0.05-40 mg/L) and copper (Cu, 3 mg/L) combined pollution during stress- and post-effect periods in an activated sludge system. With the increase in the CIP concentration, the diversity of archaea decreased, but the richness increased under the stress of 10 mg/L CIP. Under stress and post effects, the change in unknown archaeal community structure was more significant than that of the known archaea. The relative abundance of unknown archaea was significantly reduced with the increase in CIP concentration. Meanwhile, there were certain archaea that belonged to abundant and rare taxa with different resistance and recovery characteristics. Among them, Methanosaeta (49.15-83.66%), Methanoculleus (0.11-0.45%), and Nitrososphaera (0.03-0.36%) were the typical resistant archaea to combined pollution. And the resistance of the abundant taxa to combined pollution was significantly higher than that of the rare taxa. Symbiotic and competitive relationships were observed between the known and the unknown archaea. The interactions of abundant known taxa were mainly symbiotic relationships. While the rare unknown taxa were mainly competitive relationships in the post-effect period. Rare archaea showed an important ecological niche under the stress-effect. Some archaea displayed positive correlation with ARGs and played important roles as potential hosts of ARGs during stress- and post-periods. Methanospirillum, Methanosphaerula, Nitrososphaera and some rare unknown archaea also significantly co-occurred with a large number of ARGs. Overall, this study points out the importance of interactions among known and unknown archaeal communities and ARGs in a wastewater treatment system under the stress of antibiotics and heavy metal combined pollution.},
}
@article {pmid39199680,
year = {2024},
author = {Osuala, KO and Chalasani, A and Aggarwal, N and Ji, K and Moin, K},
title = {Paracrine Activation of STAT3 Drives GM-CSF Expression in Breast Carcinoma Cells, Generating a Symbiotic Signaling Network with Breast Carcinoma-Associated Fibroblasts.},
journal = {Cancers},
volume = {16},
number = {16},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/cancers16162910},
pmid = {39199680},
issn = {2072-6694},
support = {W81XWH-12-1-0024//dod/ ; R01 CA131990/GF/NIH HHS/United States ; P30 CA22453/GF/NIH HHS/United States ; R50 CA251068/GF/NIH HHS/United States ; },
abstract = {This study evaluated the paracrine signaling between breast carcinoma-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and breast cancer (BCa) cells. Resolving cell-cell communication in the BCa tumor microenvironment (TME) will aid the development of new therapeutics. Here, we utilized our patented TAME (tissue architecture and microenvironment engineering) 3D culture microphysiological system, which is a suitable pathomimetic avatar for the study of the BCa TME. We cultured in 3D BCa cells and CAFs either alone or together in cocultures and found that when cocultured, CAFs enhanced the invasive characteristics of tumor cells, as shown by increased proliferation and spread of tumor cells into the surrounding matrix. Secretome analysis from 3D cultures revealed a relatively high secretion of IL-6 by CAFs. A marked increase in the secretion of granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) when carcinoma cells and CAFs were in coculture was also observed. We theorized that the CAF-secreted IL-6 functions in a paracrine manner to induce GM-CSF expression and secretion from carcinoma cells. This was confirmed by evaluating the activation of STAT3 and gene expression of GM-CSF in carcinoma cells exposed to CAF-conditioned media (CAF-CM). In addition, the treatment of CAFs with BCa cell-CM yielded a brief upregulation of GM-CSF followed by a marked decrease, indicating a tightly regulated control of GM-CSF in CAFs. Secretion of IL-6 from CAFs drives the activation of STAT3 in BCa cells, which in turn drives the expression and secretion of GM-CSF. As a result, CAFs exposed to BCa cell-secreted GM-CSF upregulate inflammation-associated genes such as IL-6, IL-6R and IL-8, thereby forming a positive feedback loop. We propose that the tight regulation of GM-CSF in CAFs may be a novel regulatory pathway to target for disrupting the CAF:BCa cell symbiotic relationship. These data provide yet another piece of the cell-cell communication network governing the BCa TME.},
}
@article {pmid39197047,
year = {2024},
author = {Wu, XH and Ma, CY and Jiang, HJ and Zhang, XY and Wang, HM and Li, HR and Zhao, ZH and Sun, K and Zhang, W and Dai, CC},
title = {Root Endophyte-Manipulated Alteration in Rhizodeposits Stimulates Claroideoglomus in the Rhizosphere to Enhance Drought Resistance in Peanut.},
journal = {Journal of agricultural and food chemistry},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1021/acs.jafc.4c05009},
pmid = {39197047},
issn = {1520-5118},
abstract = {Drought dramatically affects plant growth and yield. A previous study indicated that endophytic fungus Phomopsis liquidambaris can improve the drought resistance of peanuts, which is related with the root arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) community; however, how root endophytes mediate AMF assembly to affect plant drought resistance remains unclear. Here, we explored the mechanism by which endophytic fungus recruits AMF symbiotic partners via rhizodeposits to improve host drought resistance. The results showed that Ph. liquidambaris enhanced peanut drought resistance by enriching the AMF genus Claroideoglomus of the rhizosphere. Furthermore, metabolomic analysis indicated that Ph. liquidambaris significantly promoted isoformononetin and salicylic acid (SA) synthesis in rhizodeposits, which were correlated with the increase in Claroideoglomus abundance following Ph. liquidambaris inoculation. Coinoculation experiments confirmed that isoformononetin and SA could enrich Claroideoglomus etunicatum in the rhizosphere, thereby improving the drought resistance. This study highlights the crucial role of fungal consortia in plant stress resistance.},
}
@article {pmid39196928,
year = {2024},
author = {Li, C and Haider, I and Wang, JY and Quinodoz, P and Suarez Duran, HG and Méndez, LR and Horber, R and Fiorilli, V and Votta, C and Lanfranco, L and Correia de Lemos, SM and Jouffroy, L and Moegle, B and Miesch, L and De Mesmaeker, A and Medema, MH and Al-Babili, S and Dong, L and Bouwmeester, HJ},
title = {OsCYP706C2 diverts rice strigolactone biosynthesis to a noncanonical pathway branch.},
journal = {Science advances},
volume = {10},
number = {35},
pages = {eadq3942},
pmid = {39196928},
issn = {2375-2548},
mesh = {*Oryza/genetics/metabolism ; *Lactones/metabolism ; *Plant Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; *Plant Roots/metabolism/genetics ; Biosynthetic Pathways ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System/metabolism/genetics ; Mutation ; Phenotype ; Mycorrhizae/metabolism ; },
abstract = {Strigolactones exhibit dual functionality as regulators of plant architecture and signaling molecules in the rhizosphere. The important model crop rice exudes a blend of different strigolactones from its roots. Here, we identify the inaugural noncanonical strigolactone, 4-oxo-methyl carlactonoate (4-oxo-MeCLA), in rice root exudate. Comprehensive, cross-species coexpression analysis allowed us to identify a cytochrome P450, OsCYP706C2, and two methyl transferases as candidate enzymes for this noncanonical rice strigolactone biosynthetic pathway. Heterologous expression in yeast and Nicotiana benthamiana indeed demonstrated the role of these enzymes in the biosynthesis of 4-oxo-MeCLA, which, expectedly, is derived from carlactone as substrate. The oscyp706c2 mutants do not exhibit a tillering phenotype but do have delayed mycorrhizal colonization and altered root phenotype. This work sheds light onto the intricate complexity of strigolactone biosynthesis in rice and delineates its role in symbiosis and development.},
}
@article {pmid39198023,
year = {2024},
author = {Cushnie, TPT and Luang-In, V and Sexton, DW},
title = {Necrophages and necrophiles: a review of their antibacterial defenses and biotechnological potential.},
journal = {Critical reviews in biotechnology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-18},
doi = {10.1080/07388551.2024.2389175},
pmid = {39198023},
issn = {1549-7801},
abstract = {With antibiotic resistance on the rise, there is an urgent need for new antibacterial drugs and products to treat or prevent infection. Many such products in current use, for example human and veterinary antibiotics and antimicrobial food preservatives, were discovered and developed from nature. Natural selection acts on all living organisms and the presence of bacterial competitors or pathogens in an environment can favor the evolution of antibacterial adaptations. In this review, we ask if vultures, blow flies and other carrion users might be a good starting point for antibacterial discovery based on the selection pressure they are under from bacterial disease. Dietary details are catalogued for over 600 of these species, bacterial pathogens associated with the diets are described, and an overview of the antibacterial defenses contributing to disease protection is given. Biotechnological applications for these defenses are then discussed, together with challenges facing developers and possible solutions. Examples include use of (a) the antimicrobial peptide (AMP) gene sarcotoxin IA to improve crop resistance to bacterial disease, (b) peptide antibiotics such as serrawettin W2 as antibacterial drug leads, (c) lectins for targeted drug delivery, (d) bioconversion-generated chitin as an antibacterial biomaterial, (e) bacteriocins as antibacterial food preservatives and (f) mutualistic microbiota bacteria as alternatives to antibiotics in animal feed. We show that carrion users encounter a diverse range of bacterial pathogens through their diets and interactions, have evolved many antibacterial defenses, and are a promising source of genes, molecules, and microbes for medical, agricultural, and food industry product development.},
}
@article {pmid39197661,
year = {2024},
author = {Jiang, W and Jiang, Y and Tao, J and Luo, J and Xie, W and Zhou, X and Yang, L and Ye, Y},
title = {Enhancement of methane production from anaerobic co-digestion of food waste and dewatered sludge by thermal, ultrasonic and alkaline technologies integrated with protease pretreatment.},
journal = {Bioresource technology},
volume = {411},
number = {},
pages = {131357},
doi = {10.1016/j.biortech.2024.131357},
pmid = {39197661},
issn = {1873-2976},
abstract = {Pretreatments to improve the efficiency of anaerobic digestion (AD) have gained more attention. The efficiency and mechanism of neutral protease (NP) integrated with other methods remain unclear. This study investigated the efficacy of thermal, alkaline and ultrasonic technologies integrated with NP as the pre-treatments for AD of food waste and dewatered sludge. Results showed the thermal method integrated with NP (TH-NP) was the most effective, achieving a 104.2% improvement in methane production. In this case, TH-NP increased soluble chemical oxygen demand and protein concentrations by 8.6% and 39.8%, respectively. Microbial community analysis indicated that TH-NP promoted the symbiosis between Woesearchaeales and hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis. Furthermore, the PICRUSt2 analysis revealed that TH-NP increased the activities of most enzymes in the acetate and propionate metabolic pathways. In summary, TH-NP is more effective in increasing the AD efficiency compared to other combined pretreatments. This study provides theoretical support for protease-induced pretreatment technology.},
}
@article {pmid39197488,
year = {2024},
author = {He, M and Shen, C and Peng, S and Wang, Y and Sun, J and Zhang, J and Wang, Y},
title = {The influence of soil salinization, induced by the backwater effect of the Yellow River, on microbial community dynamics and ecosystem functioning in arid regions.},
journal = {Environmental research},
volume = {262},
number = {Pt 1},
pages = {119854},
doi = {10.1016/j.envres.2024.119854},
pmid = {39197488},
issn = {1096-0953},
abstract = {Irrigation practices and groundwater levels are critical factors contributing to soil salinization in arid and semi-arid regions. However, the impact of soil salinization resulting from Yellow River water irrigation and recharge on microbial communities and their functions in the Huinong District has not been thoroughly documented. In this study, high-throughput sequencing technology was employed to analyze the diversity, composition, and structure of bacterial and fungal communities across a gradient of salinized soils. The results indicated that the alpha diversity of bacterial communities was significantly higher in slightly saline soils compared to highly saline soils. Soil salinization notably influenced the composition of both bacterial and fungal communities. Highly salinized soils were enriched with bacterial taxa such as Halomonas, Salinimicrobium, Pseudomonas, Solibacillus, and Kocuria, as well as fungal taxa including Emericellopsis, Alternaria, and Podospora. In these highly saline soils, bacterial taxa associated with iron respiration, sulfur respiration, and hydrocarbon degradation were more prevalent, whereas fungal taxa linked to functions such as soil animal pathogens, arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis, endophytes, dung saprotrophy, leaf saprotrophy, soil saprotrophy, fungal parasitism, and plant pathogenicity were less abundant. Random forest analysis identified nine bacterial and eighteen fungal taxa as potential biomarkers for salinity discrimination in saline soils. Symbiotic network analysis further revealed that soil salinization pressure reduced the overall complexity and stability of bacterial and fungal communities. Additionally, bacterial community assembly showed a tendency shift from stochastic to deterministic processes in response to increasing salinity, while fungal community assembly remained dominated by deterministic processes. provide robust evidence that soil salinity is a major inhibitor of soil biogeochemical processes in the Huinong District and plays a critical role in shaping bacterial and fungal communities, their symbiotic networks, and their assembly processes.},
}
@article {pmid39196541,
year = {2024},
author = {Vats, M and Cillero-Pastor, B and Cuypers, E and Heeren, RMA},
title = {Mass spectrometry imaging in plants, microbes, and food: a review.},
journal = {The Analyst},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1039/d4an00644e},
pmid = {39196541},
issn = {1364-5528},
abstract = {Plant health, which affects the nutritional quality and safety of derivative food products, is influenced by symbiotic interactions with microorganisms. These interactions influence the local molecular profile at the tissue level. Therefore, studying the distribution of molecules within plants, microbes, and plant-based food is crucial to assess plant health, ensure the safety and quality of the agricultural products that become part of our food supply, and plan agricultural management practices. Within this framework, the molecular distribution within plant-based samples can be visualized with mass spectrometry imaging (MSI). This review describes key MSI methodologies, highlighting the role they play in unraveling the localization of metabolites, lipids, proteins, pigments, and elemental components across plants, microbes, and food products. Furthermore, investigations that involve multimodal molecular imaging approaches combining MSI with other imaging techniques are described. The advantages and limitations of the different MSI techniques that influence their applicability in diverse agro-food studies are described to enable informed choices for tailored analyses. For example, some MSI technologies involve meticulous sample preparation while others compromise spatial resolution to gain throughput. Key parameters such as sensitivity, ionization bias and fragmentation, reference database and compound class specificity are described and discussed in this review. With the ongoing refinements in instrumentation, data analysis, and integration of complementary techniques, MSI deepens our insight into the molecular biology of the agricultural ecosystem. This in turn empowers the quest for sustainable and productive agricultural practices.},
}
@article {pmid39195717,
year = {2024},
author = {De Fazio, R and Piras, C and Britti, D},
title = {Deltamethrin's Effect on Nitrogen-Fixing Nodules in Medicago truncatula.},
journal = {Toxics},
volume = {12},
number = {8},
pages = {},
pmid = {39195717},
issn = {2305-6304},
support = {2018-PDR-00912//Fondazione CON IL SUD/ ; },
abstract = {Deltamethrin is used against plant pests (e.g., mites and ants) and, in farm animals, against biting insects because of its acaricidal and repellent effects against ticks, thus protecting the sheep and cattle from the transmission of pathogens. However, its impact on the environment still needs to be fully evaluated. This study evaluates the impact of this pyrethroid on the nitrogen-fixing nodules in Medicago truncatula, a model legume. This research compares nodular biomass and root weight between a deltamethrin-treated section and an untreated control section of this legume. Our results indicate a significant reduction in the biomass of nitrogen-fixing nodules in the treated grove, suggesting that deltamethrin negatively affects the symbiotic relationship between M. truncatula and nitrogen-fixing bacteria. This reduction in nodule formation can impair soil fertility and plant growth, highlighting an ecological risk associated with pyrethroid's use in livestock farming. These findings underscore the need for a shift towards Green Veterinary Pharmacology (GVP), which promotes environmentally sustainable practices in managing livestock health. By minimizing our reliance on harmful chemical treatments, GVP offers viable solutions to protect and enhance ecosystem services such as biological nitrogen fixation that are essential for maintaining soil health and agricultural productivity.},
}
@article {pmid39194880,
year = {2024},
author = {Zheng, X and Li, A and Nie, R and Wu, C and Ji, X and Tang, J and Zhang, J},
title = {Differential Strategies of Two Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Varieties in the Protection of Lycium ruthenicum under Saline-Alkaline Stress.},
journal = {Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {10},
number = {8},
pages = {},
pmid = {39194880},
issn = {2309-608X},
support = {2022YFD2200402//National Key Research and Development Program of China/ ; },
abstract = {To delve into the growth and physiological adaptations exhibited by the economically vital black wolfberry (Lycium ruthenicum) upon inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) under varying levels of saline-alkaline stress A series of pot experiments were conducted in a gradient saline-alkaline environment (0, 200, 400 mM NaCl: NaHCO3 = 1:1). One-year-old cuttings of black wolfberry, inoculated with two AMF species-Funneliformis mosseae (Fm) and Rhizophagus intraradices (Ri)-served as the experimental material, enabling a comprehensive analysis of seedling biomass, chlorophyll content, antioxidant enzyme activities, and other crucial physiological parameters. This study demonstrated that both Fm and Ri could form a symbiotic relationship with the root of Lycium ruthenicum. Notably, Fm inoculation significantly bolstered the growth of the underground parts, while exhibiting a remarkable capacity to scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS), thereby effectively mitigating membrane oxidative damage induced by stress. Additionally, Fm promoted the accumulation of abscisic acid (ABA) in both leaves and roots, facilitating the exclusion of excess sodium ions from cells. Ri Inoculation primarily contributed to an enhancement in the chlorophyll b (Chlb) content, vital for sustaining photosynthesis processes. Furthermore, Ri's ability to enhance phosphorus (P) absorption under stressful conditions ensured a steady influx of essential nutrients. These findings point to different strategies employed for Fm and Ri inoculation. To holistically assess the saline-alkaline tolerance of each treatment group, a membership function analysis was employed, ultimately ranking the salt tolerance as Fm > Ri > non-mycorrhizal (NM) control. This finding holds paramount importance for the screening of highly resilient Lycium ruthenicum strains and offers invaluable theoretical underpinnings and technical guidance for the remediation of saline-alkaline soils, fostering sustainable agricultural practices in challenging environments.},
}
@article {pmid39194838,
year = {2024},
author = {Chacón-Fuentes, M and Martínez-Cisterna, D and Lizama, M and Asencio-Cancino, V and Matamala, I and Bardehle, L},
title = {A Countermeasure Strategy against Peramine Developed by Chilesia rudis in the Endophyte-Ryegrass-Herbivore Model.},
journal = {Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {10},
number = {8},
pages = {},
pmid = {39194838},
issn = {2309-608X},
abstract = {Exploitation of the symbiotic relationship between endophytic fungi and ryegrass is a crucial technique for reducing the incidence of insect pests. This is primarily due to the production of alkaloids, such as peramine, by the fungi. This alkaloid has been reported as both a deterrent and toxic to a variety of insects. However, insects have developed various strategies to counteract plant defenses. One of the most studied methods is their ability to sequester toxic compounds from plants. In this study, we examined the feeding preferences and adaptation to peramine in Chilesia rudis, a native Chilean larva. Using a no-choice assay, we assessed larval feeding preferences and mass gain on seven experimental lines and two commercial cultivars of endophyte-infected and non-infected ryegrass. Pupal development time and adult performance were evaluated post-assay. Additionally, we measured peramine content in larval carcasses, feces, and ryegrass leaves. Jumbo was the most preferred cultivar with 32 mm[2] of leaf tissues consumed. The longest pupal development time was observed in L161 and ALTO AR1, both at 28 days. Wing length in adults was greatest in the Jumbo and L163 cultivars, measuring 1.25 cm and 1.32 cm, respectively. Peramine concentrations were detected in the bodies of C. rudis. In conclusion, this larva can adapt to endophyte-infected ryegrass and develop counter-adaptation mechanisms to mitigate the effects of peramine.},
}
@article {pmid39194817,
year = {2024},
author = {Magura, T and Mizser, S and Horváth, R and Tóth, M and Kozma, FS and Kádas, J and Lövei, GL},
title = {Gut Bacterial Communities in the Ground Beetle Carabus convexus.},
journal = {Insects},
volume = {15},
number = {8},
pages = {},
pmid = {39194817},
issn = {2075-4450},
support = {OTKA K-131459 and OTKA K-146628//National Research, Development and Innovation Fund/ ; },
abstract = {Biological interactions, including symbiotic ones, have vital roles in ecological and evolutionary processes. Microbial symbionts in the intestinal tracts, known as the gut microbiome, are especially important because they can fundamentally influence the life history, fitness, and competitiveness of their hosts. Studies on the gut-resident microorganisms of wild animals focus mainly on vertebrates, and studies on species-rich invertebrate taxa, such as ground beetles, are sparse. In fact, even among the species-rich genus Carabus, only the gut microbiome of two Asian species was studied, while results on European species are completely missing. Here, we investigated the gut bacterial microbiome of a widespread European Carabus species, targeting the V3 and V4 regions of the 16S ribosomal RNA genes by next-generation high-throughput sequencing. We identified 1138 different operational taxonomic units assigned to 21 bacterial phyla, 90 families, and 197 genera. Members of the carbohydrate-degrading Prevotellaceae family, previously not detected in ground beetles, were the most abundant in the gut microbiome of the carnivorous C. convexus. Presumably, individuals from the studied wild populations also consume plant materials, especially fruits, and these carbohydrate-degrading bacterial symbionts can facilitate both the consumption and the digestion of these supplementary foods.},
}
@article {pmid39194816,
year = {2024},
author = {Carpentier, J and Abenaim, L and Luttenschlager, H and Dessauvages, K and Liu, Y and Samoah, P and Francis, F and Caparros Megido, R},
title = {Microorganism Contribution to Mass-Reared Edible Insects: Opportunities and Challenges.},
journal = {Insects},
volume = {15},
number = {8},
pages = {},
pmid = {39194816},
issn = {2075-4450},
support = {D65-1438//Service Public de Wallonie (SPW)/ ; },
abstract = {The interest in edible insects' mass rearing has grown considerably in recent years, thereby highlighting the challenges of domesticating new animal species. Insects are being considered for use in the management of organic by-products from the agro-industry, synthetic by-products from the plastics industry including particular detoxification processes. The processes depend on the insect's digestive system which is based on two components: an enzymatic intrinsic cargo to the insect species and another extrinsic cargo provided by the microbial community colonizing-associated with the insect host. Advances have been made in the identification of the origin of the digestive functions observed in the midgut. It is now evident that the community of microorganisms can adapt, improve, and extend the insect's ability to digest and detoxify its food. Nevertheless, edible insect species such as Hermetia illucens and Tenebrio molitor are surprisingly autonomous, and no obligatory symbiosis with a microorganism has yet been uncovered for digestion. Conversely, the intestinal microbiota of a given species can take on different forms, which are largely influenced by the host's environment and diet. This flexibility offers the potential for the development of novel associations between insects and microorganisms, which could result in the creation of synergies that would optimize or expand value chains for agro-industrial by-products, as well as for contaminants.},
}
@article {pmid39194774,
year = {2024},
author = {Li, D and Chen, L and Cai, X and Qi, Y and Lu, Y},
title = {Comparative Population Biology and Related Gene Expression in the Beta-Cypermethrin-Resistant Strains of Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel).},
journal = {Insects},
volume = {15},
number = {8},
pages = {},
pmid = {39194774},
issn = {2075-4450},
abstract = {Diptera and Lepidoptera species have the highest levels of insecticide resistance, and the mechanism of drug resistance has been studied in detoxification metabolism genes such as P450, GST, EST, and ABC. Since Bactrocera dorsalis are resistant to a variety of chemicals, the pattern and mechanism of resistance in Bactrocera dorsalis have been investigated from a variety of aspects such as detoxification metabolism genes, detoxification enzymes, intestinal symbiotic bacteria, and synergists in the world. In this study, 51 species and 149 detoxification metabolism genes were annotated in the Suppression Subtractive Hybridization (SSH) library, and 12 candidate genes related to beta-cypermethrin resistance were screened and quantitatively expressed in this library. Two genes were found to be upregulated in the egg stage, three genes in the larval stage, one gene in the pupal stage, and five genes in the adult stage, and four genes were found to be upregulated in the midgut and the malacca ducts in the midgut. The expression of cyp6g1, cyp6a22, GST-Epsilon9, and Trypsin-4 genes was upregulated in resistant strains, with the most obvious upregulation occurring in the midgut and the Malpighian tubules. These results provide new insights into the study of pesticide resistance in quarantine insects.},
}
@article {pmid39194680,
year = {2024},
author = {Gómez García, AM and López Muñoz, F and García-Rico, E},
title = {The Microbiota in Cancer: A Secondary Player or a Protagonist?.},
journal = {Current issues in molecular biology},
volume = {46},
number = {8},
pages = {7812-7831},
pmid = {39194680},
issn = {1467-3045},
abstract = {The intestinal microbiota and the human body are in a permanent interaction. There is a symbiotic relationship in which the microbiota plays a vitally important role in the performance of numerous functions, including digestion, metabolism, the development of lymphoid tissue, defensive functions, and other processes. It is a true metabolic organ essential for life and has potential involvement in various pathological states, including cancer and pathologies other than those of a digestive nature. A growing topic of great interest for its implications is the relationship between the microbiota and cancer. Dysbiosis plays a role in oncogenesis, tumor progression, and even the response to cancer treatment. The effect of the microbiota on tumor development goes beyond a local effect having a systemic effect. Another aspect of great interest regarding the intestinal microbiota is its relationship with drugs, modifying their activity. There is increasing evidence that the microbiota influences the therapeutic activity and side effects of antineoplastic drugs and also modulates the response of several tumors to antineoplastic therapy through immunological circuits. These data suggest the manipulation of the microbiota as a possible adjuvant to improve oncological treatment. Is it possible to manipulate the microbiota for therapeutic purposes?},
}
@article {pmid39194224,
year = {2024},
author = {Nakagawa, S and Sakai, HD and Shimamura, S and Takamatsu, Y and Kato, S and Yagi, H and Yanaka, S and Yagi-Utsumi, M and Kurosawa, N and Ohkuma, M and Kato, K and Takai, K},
title = {N-linked protein glycosylation in Nanobdellati (formerly DPANN) archaea and their hosts.},
journal = {Journal of bacteriology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e0020524},
doi = {10.1128/jb.00205-24},
pmid = {39194224},
issn = {1098-5530},
abstract = {Members of the kingdom Nanobdellati, previously known as DPANN archaea, are characterized by ultrasmall cell sizes and reduced genomes. They primarily thrive through ectosymbiotic interactions with specific hosts in diverse environments. Recent successful cultivations have emphasized the importance of adhesion to host cells for understanding the ecophysiology of Nanobdellati. Cell adhesion is often mediated by cell surface carbohydrates, and in archaea, this may be facilitated by the glycosylated S-layer protein that typically coats their cell surface. In this study, we conducted glycoproteomic analyses on two co-cultures of Nanobdellati with their host archaea, as well as on pure cultures of both host and non-host archaea. Nanobdellati exhibited various glycoproteins, including archaellins and hypothetical proteins, with glycans that were structurally distinct from those of their hosts. This indicated that Nanobdellati autonomously synthesize their glycans for protein modifications probably using host-derived substrates, despite the high energy cost. Glycan modifications on Nanobdellati proteins consistently occurred on asparagine residues within the N-X-S/T sequon, consistent with patterns observed across archaea, bacteria, and eukaryotes. In both host and non-host archaea, S-layer proteins were commonly modified with hexose, N-acetylhexosamine, and sulfonated deoxyhexose. However, the N-glycan structures of host archaea, characterized by distinct sugars such as deoxyhexose, nonulosonate sugar, and pentose at the nonreducing ends, were implicated in enabling Nanobdellati to differentiate between host and non-host cells. Interestingly, the specific sugar, xylose, was eliminated from the N-glycan in a host archaeon when co-cultured with Nanobdella. These findings enhance our understanding of the role of protein glycosylation in archaeal interactions.IMPORTANCENanobdellati archaea, formerly known as DPANN, are phylogenetically diverse, widely distributed, and obligately ectosymbiotic. The molecular mechanisms by which Nanobdellati recognize and adhere to their specific hosts remain largely unexplored. Protein glycosylation, a fundamental biological mechanism observed across all domains of life, is often crucial for various cell-cell interactions. This study provides the first insights into the glycoproteome of Nanobdellati and their host and non-host archaea. We discovered that Nanobdellati autonomously synthesize glycans for protein modifications, probably utilizing substrates derived from their hosts. Additionally, we identified distinctive glycosylation patterns that suggest mechanisms through which Nanobdellati differentiate between host and non-host cells. This research significantly advances our understanding of the molecular basis of microbial interactions in extreme environments.},
}
@article {pmid39194186,
year = {2024},
author = {Dziuba, MK and McIntire, KM and Davenport, ES and Baird, E and Huerta, C and Jaye, R and Corcoran, F and McCreadie, P and Nelson, T and Duffy, MA},
title = {Microsporidian coinfection reduces fitness of a fungal pathogen due to rapid host mortality.},
journal = {mBio},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e0058324},
doi = {10.1128/mbio.00583-24},
pmid = {39194186},
issn = {2150-7511},
abstract = {Infection outcomes can be strongly context dependent, shifting a host-symbiont relationship along a parasitism-mutualism continuum. Numerous studies show that under stressful conditions, symbionts that are typically mutualistic can become parasitic. The reverse possibility, a parasite becoming mutualistic, has received much less study. We investigated whether the parasitic microsporidium Ordospora pajunii can become beneficial for its host Daphnia dentifera in the presence of the more virulent fungal pathogen Metschnikowia bicuspidata. We found that, even though infection with O. pajunii reduces the frequency of penetration of M. bicuspidata spores into the host body cavity, it does not improve the survival or reproduction of the host; conversely, coinfection increased the mortality of Daphnia. This shorter lifespan of coinfected hosts disrupted the life cycle of M. bicuspidata, greatly reducing its fitness. Thus, coinfection with both pathogens was detrimental to the host at the individual level but might be beneficial for the host population as a result of greatly reduced production of M. bicuspidata spores. If so, this would mean that O. pajunii outbreaks should delay or prevent M. bicuspidata outbreaks. In support of this, in an analysis of dynamics of naturally occurring outbreaks in two lakes where these pathogens co-occur, we found a time lag in occurrence between O. pajunii and M. bicuspidata, with M. bicuspidata epidemics only occurring after the collapse of O. pajunii epidemics. Thus, these results suggest that the interaction between co-occurring symbionts, and the net impact of a symbiont on a host, might be qualitatively different at different scales.IMPORTANCEUnderstanding the factors that modify infection probability and virulence is crucial for identifying the drivers of infection outbreaks and modeling disease epidemic progression, and increases our ability to control diseases and reduce the harm they cause. One factor that can strongly influence infection probability and virulence is the presence of other pathogens. However, while coexposures and coinfections are incredibly common, we still have only a limited understanding of how pathogen interactions alter infection outcomes or whether their impacts are scale dependent. We used a system of one host and two pathogens to show that sequential coinfection can have a tremendous impact on the host and the infecting pathogens and that the outcome of (co-)infection can be negative or positive depending on the focal organization level.},
}
@article {pmid39193424,
year = {2024},
author = {Sun, Q and Li, J and Syed, S and Li, X and Yuan, H and Lian, B},
title = {Roles of oxalate-degrading bacteria in fungus-growing termite nests.},
journal = {Biodiversity data journal},
volume = {12},
number = {},
pages = {e130041},
doi = {10.3897/BDJ.12.e130041},
pmid = {39193424},
issn = {1314-2828},
abstract = {Fungus-growing termite (FGT) nests possess an oxalate pool derived from termite input and fungal oxalogenesis. The effect of oxalate biotransformation in the termite nest on the symbiotic association between FGTs and Termitomyces fungi is poorly understood. Here, we measured the pH value, mineral composition, oxalate and carbonate contents, along with the abundance and composition of oxalotrophic bacteria (OxB) in termite nests. The results showed the community structures of OxB in different parts of the termite nest across fungus comb, termite nest wall and surface soil, were significantly different. The diversity of OxB in the fungus comb was significantly lower than that in the termite nest wall and surface soil. Results also showed the abundance of OxB in the fungus comb was higher than that in the termite nest wall and significantly lower than that in the surface soil. In addition, we isolated and screened an oxalotrophic bacterium Methylobacterium sp. TA1 from the fungus comb, which can degrade calcium oxalate and convert it into calcite. Our results from the perspective of oxalate biodegradation and transformation show that the oxalate-carbonate pathway driven by OxB in active termite nests can maintain stable microecological environments in termite nests and is beneficial to the symbiotic association between FGTs and Termitomyces.},
}
@article {pmid39192697,
year = {2024},
author = {Gautam, CK and Mutyala, P and Das, D},
title = {RAM1 orchestrates arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis in non-legumes.},
journal = {Journal of experimental botany},
volume = {75},
number = {16},
pages = {4689-4692},
doi = {10.1093/jxb/erae253},
pmid = {39192697},
issn = {1460-2431},
mesh = {*Mycorrhizae/physiology ; *Symbiosis ; *Plant Proteins/metabolism/genetics ; },
}
@article {pmid39191430,
year = {2024},
author = {Prasanna, PGS},
title = {Harnessing Senescence for Antitumor Immunity to Advance Cancer Treatment.},
journal = {Radiation research},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1667/RADE-24-00098.1},
pmid = {39191430},
issn = {1938-5404},
abstract = {Considering the limitations and complexities of the cell-killing-based cancer treatment approaches, one could aim to integrate symbiotic advances in many energy delivery technologies and transformational pieces of evidence in research on senescence and immunomodulators to advance cancer treatment. Although senescent cells contribute to drug tolerance, resistance to therapy, tumorigenesis, maladapting cancer phenotypes, tumor relapse, recurrence, and metastasis, emerging pieces of evidence also demonstrate that acutely induced senescent cells in tumors can elicit a strong and lasting antitumor immune response juxtaposed to the immunologically silent apoptotic cells. This commentary is to help develop an unconventional conceptual framework to advance cancer treatment. Accordingly, it will involve transiently inducing senescent cells in tumors at optimal levels to prime the immune system with radiation, then eliminating senescent cells with senolytics (drugs that specifically eliminate senescent cells) to disrupt their positive feedback accumulation (to prevent tumor maladaptation and adverse effects in healthy cells) and unleash long-lasting antitumor immunity with immunomodulators. The approach is reasonably speculative and will require scientifically rigorous "fit-for-purpose," well-controlled preclinical research and development involving dose and schedule optimization of radiation and drugs, using representative in vitro and in vivo cancer models to obtain high-quality data to proceed to clinical studies.},
}
@article {pmid39190925,
year = {2024},
author = {Yuan, L and Lei, L and Jiang, F and Wang, A and Chen, R and Wang, H and Meng, S and Fan, W},
title = {The genomes of 5 underutilized Papilionoideae crops provide insights into root nodulation and disease resistance.},
journal = {GigaScience},
volume = {13},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {39190925},
issn = {2047-217X},
support = {JCYJ20190814163805604//Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Program/ ; },
mesh = {*Genome, Plant ; *Crops, Agricultural/genetics ; *Disease Resistance/genetics ; *Plant Root Nodulation/genetics ; Fabaceae/genetics ; Phylogeny ; Plant Diseases/genetics ; Genome Size ; Genomics/methods ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The Papilionoideae subfamily contains a large amount of underutilized legume crops, which are important for food security and human sustainability. However, the lack of genomic resources has hindered the breeding and utilization of these crops.<br><br>RESULTS: Here, we present chromosome-level reference genomes for 5 underutilized diploid Papilionoideae crops: sword bean (Canavalia gladiata), scarlet runner bean (Phaseolus coccineus), winged bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus), smooth rattlebox (Crotalaria pallida), and butterfly pea (Clitoria ternatea), with assembled genome sizes of 0.62 Gb, 0.59 Gb, 0.71 Gb, 1.22 Gb, and 1.72 Gb, respectively. We found that the long period of higher long terminal repeat retrotransposon activity is the major reason that the genome size of smooth rattlebox and butterfly pea is enlarged. Additionally, there have been no recent whole-genome duplication (WGD) events in these 5 species except for the shared papilionoid-specific WGD event (&#x223c;55 million years ago). Then, we identified 5,328 and 10,434 species-specific genes between scarlet runner bean and common bean, respectively, which may be responsible for their phenotypic and functional differences and species-specific functions. Furthermore, we identified the key genes involved in root-nodule symbiosis (RNS) in all 5 species and found that the NIN gene was duplicated in the early Papilionoideae ancestor, followed by the loss of 1 gene copy in smooth rattlebox and butterfly pea lineages. Last, we identified the resistance (R) genes for plant defenses in these 5 species and characterized their evolutionary history.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: In summary, this study provides chromosome-scale reference genomes for 3 grain and vegetable beans (sword bean, scarlet runner bean, winged bean), along with genomes for a green manure crop (smooth rattlebox) and a food dyeing crop (butterfly pea). These genomes are crucial for studying phylogenetic history, unraveling nitrogen-fixing RNS evolution, and advancing plant defense research.},
}
@article {pmid39190452,
year = {2024},
author = {Wang, Z and Li, S and Zhang, S and Zhang, T and Wu, Y and Liu, A and Wang, K and Ji, X and Cao, H and Zhang, Y and Tan, EK and Wang, Y and Wang, Y and Liu, W},
title = {Hosts manipulate lifestyle switch and pathogenicity heterogeneity of opportunistic pathogens in the single-cell resolution.},
journal = {eLife},
volume = {13},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {39190452},
issn = {2050-084X},
support = {32470044//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 2308085MC74//Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province/ ; FKLRIB202401//Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Resource Insect Biology and Innovative Utilization/ ; RC342201//Talents in Anhui Agricultural University/ ; 2022YFE0132000//Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China/ ; 2022JJ40048//Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province/ ; 531118010546//Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China/ ; 31501175//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Serratia marcescens/pathogenicity/genetics/physiology ; *Larva/microbiology ; *Host-Pathogen Interactions ; *Drosophila melanogaster/microbiology ; Single-Cell Analysis ; Symbiosis ; Drosophila/microbiology ; Virulence/genetics ; },
abstract = {Host-microbe interactions are virtually bidirectional, but how the host affects their microbiome is poorly understood. Here, we report that the host is a critical modulator to regulate the lifestyle switch and pathogenicity heterogeneity of the opportunistic pathogens Serratia marcescens utilizing the Drosophila and bacterium model system. First, we find that Drosophila larvae efficiently outcompete S. marcescens and typically drive a bacterial switch from pathogenicity to commensalism toward the fly. Furthermore, Drosophila larvae reshape the transcriptomic and metabolic profiles of S. marcescens characterized by a lifestyle switch. More importantly, the host alters pathogenicity and heterogeneity of S. marcescens in the single-cell resolution. Finally, we find that larvae-derived AMPs are required to recapitulate the response of S. marcescens to larvae. Altogether, our findings provide an insight into the pivotal roles of the host in harnessing the life history and heterogeneity of symbiotic bacterial cells, advancing knowledge of the reciprocal relationships between the host and pathogen.},
}
@article {pmid39186565,
year = {2024},
author = {Do, QV and Minh, BV and Nguyen, QS and Kim, BS},
title = {Analysis of symbiotic backscatter empowered wireless sensors network with short-packet communications.},
journal = {PloS one},
volume = {19},
number = {8},
pages = {e0307366},
pmid = {39186565},
issn = {1932-6203},
mesh = {*Wireless Technology/instrumentation ; Computer Communication Networks/instrumentation ; Models, Theoretical ; Algorithms ; },
abstract = {Recent progress studies in light of wireless communication systems mainly centred around two focuses: zero-energy consumption and ultra-reliable and low-latency communication (URLLC). Among various cutting-edge areas, exploiting ambient backscatter communication (Backcom) has recently been devised as one of the foremost solutions for achieving zero energy consumption through the viability of ambient radio frequency. Meanwhile, using short-packet communication (SPC) is the cheapest way to reach the goal of URLLCs. Upon these benefits, we investigate the feasibility of Backcom and SPC for symbiotic wireless sensor networks by analyzing the system performance. Specifically, we provide a highly approximated mathematical framework for evaluating the block-error rate (BLER) performance, followed by some useful asymptotic results. These results provide insights into the level of diversity and coding gain, as well as how packet design impacts BLER performance. Numerical results confirm the efficacy of the developed framework and the correctness of key insights gleaned from the asymptotic analyses.},
}
@article {pmid39184602,
year = {2024},
author = {B, N and Narayanarao, G and T R, S and B, RS and Chandrasekaran, D and Rakeeba, F},
title = {Oral Commensals in Healthy Individuals: A Clinicocytological Study.},
journal = {Cureus},
volume = {16},
number = {7},
pages = {e65317},
pmid = {39184602},
issn = {2168-8184},
abstract = {Background Each human being has a specific group of microorganisms that are necessary for both sustaining health and causing illness. Normally, these microorganisms maintain bio-communalism, do not harm the host, and lead to a state known as symbiosis or eubiosis. The commensal nature of these bacteria is always maintained in symbiosis and attains pathogenic potential when there is an imbalance between host immunity and microorganisms. Our study focuses on the identification and differentiation of the various commensals present in the oral cavity of healthy individuals over a given period of time. Aims and objectives This study aims to: (i) identify various commensal bacterial species present in the oral cavity; (ii) differentiate each commensal bacterial species present in the oral cavity of healthy individuals using cytological and culturing methods; (iii) identify the presence of different types of commensal bacterial species in the same individuals with the specific time intervals; (iv) compare and correlate the presence or absence of bacterial species present as a commensal in both male and female; (v) identify and characterize the commensal bacterial species present in the oral cavity of healthy individuals; (vi) investigate the consistency of commensal bacterial species presence over time and between genders. Methodology We included sixty healthy individuals between the ages of 20 and 24 from both genders, took buccal smears once every two days for ten days, stained them with Gram stain, and grew them in blood agar and Mac Conkey agar. Results The most common commensals include Gram-positive cocci, and among them, Coagulase-negative staphylococcus species (85%) are predominant, followed by Staphylococcus aureus (13.33%), and Streptococcus species (1.67%). The presence of colonies remains the same in all three samples obtained from the same healthy individuals. Conclusion Loss of balance between commensals and pathogens can lead to dysbiosis, which results in disease.},
}
@article {pmid39184028,
year = {2024},
author = {Prihatna, C and Yan, Q},
title = {Exopolysaccharide is required by Paraburkholderia phytofirmans PsJN to confer drought-stress tolerance in pea.},
journal = {Frontiers in microbiology},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1442001},
pmid = {39184028},
issn = {1664-302X},
abstract = {Paraburkholderia phytofirmans PsJN is a plant symbiotic bacterium that can colonize a broad spectrum of plant hosts and frequently shows beneficial effects on plant growth. Exopolysaccharide (EPS) is known to be important in plant-bacteria interactions. Previously, we reported that EPS is required for PsJN to survive from drought stress and colonize in pea (Pisum sativum) under drought condition. However, whether EPS is necessary for PsJN to promote plant growth remains unknown. In this work, a comparative study was conducted between the wild-type PsJN and its ∆bceQ mutant that lacks EPS to investigate the role of EPS in PsJN to confer drought-stress tolerance on pea plant. Our results showed that wild type PsJN, but not the ∆bceQ mutant, promoted pea seed germination and seedlings growth under drought stress. Pea plants inoculated with the wild type PsJN had a higher level of drought tolerance, as shown by a better vegetative growth and enhanced nodule formation, than plants inoculated with the ∆bceQ mutant. Moreover, EPS plays a role in the plant colonization under drought stress, because the ∆bceQ mutant was unable to colonize pea seeds and roots as effectively as the wild type PsJN. Further, expression of the EPS biosynthesis genes in the bceOVN operon of the wild type PsJN was induced by the presence of glucose. Overall, this study demonstrated that PsJN can promote pea plant growth under drought conditions and EPS is required for PsJN to confer beneficial effects to host plant.},
}
@article {pmid39183547,
year = {2024},
author = {Eid, M and Martínek, A and Dolina, J and Uvírová, M and Dítě, P},
title = {Gut microbio-me and pancreatic cancer.},
journal = {Klinicka onkologie : casopis Ceske a Slovenske onkologicke spolecnosti},
volume = {38},
number = {1},
pages = {20-26},
doi = {10.48095/ccko202420},
pmid = {39183547},
issn = {1802-5307},
mesh = {Humans ; *Pancreatic Neoplasms ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The incidence of pancreatic cancer (pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma - PDAC) is increasing, especially in developed countries. In 2021, 496,000 new PDAC cases were dia-gnosed worldwide. In the Czech Republic, the incidence is one of the highest in the world, with 2,332 new PDAC patients dia-gnosed in 2018. Due to the absence of symptoms in the early stages, approximately 50% of patients are initially dia-gnosed with distant metastases. Mortality is slightly lower than the incidence count and, despite significant advances in cancer research, PDAC remains a fatal dia-gnosis. However, microbio-me seems to be an interesting approach, and not only in PDAC patients. Microbio-me is defined as the set of all microorganisms (microbio-ta, i.e. bacteria, fungi, viruses, archaea, and protozoa) and their genome in a certain environment. In a physiological setting, the gut microbio-me is in symbio-sis with the host organism, maintaining the balance of metabolism, mucosal immunomodulation and regulating the digestion process. When dysregulation of the number or function of intestinal microorganisms occurs, dysbio-sis is developed. It may lead to metabolic and cardiovascular diseases, nervous system disorders, induction of intestinal inflammation, or carcinogenesis. Microbio-ta can induce carcinogenesis in multiple ways, such as by activating an inflammatory response, reducing the immune system's ability to eliminate damaged cells, and deregulation of the host genome by microbial metabolites. This deregulation may lead to an activation of pro-apoptotic and pro-proliferative proteins. To date, research shows that the gut or oral microbio-me may be involved in the development of PDAC. One of the most studied bacteria is Porphyromonas gingivalis. Other bacteria, such as Fusobacteria, Enterobacter, Klebsiella, Prevotella, and Rothia, have also been shown to play a role in PDAC.<br><br>PURPOSE: The aim of this review article is to point out one of the possible mechanisms of cancerogenesis in PDAC patients and its therapeutic influence to reduce the incidence and improve the prognosis of this aggressive disease.},
}
@article {pmid39183269,
year = {2024},
author = {Arapidi, GP and Urban, AS and Osetrova, MS and Shender, VO and Butenko, IO and Bukato, ON and Kuznetsov, AA and Saveleva, TM and Nos, GA and Ivanova, OM and Lopukhov, LV and Laikov, AV and Sharova, NI and Nikonova, MF and Mitin, AN and Martinov, AI and Grigorieva, TV and Ilina, EN and Ivanov, VT and Govorun, VM},
title = {Non-human peptides revealed in blood reflect the composition of intestinal microbiota.},
journal = {BMC biology},
volume = {22},
number = {1},
pages = {178},
pmid = {39183269},
issn = {1741-7007},
support = {17-00-00461//Russian Foundation for Basic Research/ ; 20-15-00400//Russian Science Foundation/ ; 075-15-2019-1669//Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation/ ; 124031200004-7//State funding for the "Immunopeptidome" project/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome/physiology ; *Peptides/analysis ; Male ; Adult ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The previously underestimated effects of commensal gut microbiota on the human body are increasingly being investigated using omics. The discovery of active molecules of interaction between the microbiota and the host may be an important step towards elucidating the mechanisms of symbiosis.<br><br>RESULTS: Here, we show that in the bloodstream of healthy people, there are over 900 peptides that are fragments of proteins from microorganisms which naturally inhabit human biotopes, including the intestinal microbiota. Absolute quantitation by multiple reaction monitoring has confirmed the presence of bacterial peptides in the blood plasma and serum in the range of approximately 0.1&#xa0;nM to 1&#xa0;&#x3bc;M. The abundance of microbiota peptides reaches its maximum about 5&#xa0;h after a meal. Most of the peptides correlate with the bacterial composition of the small intestine and are likely obtained by hydrolysis of membrane proteins with trypsin, chymotrypsin and pepsin - the main proteases of the gastrointestinal tract. The peptides have physicochemical properties that likely allow them to selectively pass the intestinal mucosal barrier and resist fibrinolysis.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: The proposed approach to the identification of microbiota peptides in the blood, after additional validation, may be useful for determining the microbiota composition of hard-to-reach intestinal areas and monitoring the permeability of the intestinal mucosal barrier.},
}
@article {pmid39182778,
year = {2024},
author = {Duan, H and Zhang, L and Wang, H and Li, S and Li, X and Zhuang, Y},
title = {Enhancing nitrate removal from small wetlands via regulating bacterial-algal symbiosis with macrophyte coverage.},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {175745},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175745},
pmid = {39182778},
issn = {1879-1026},
abstract = {With increasing land resource constraints, wetlands, as ecological hotspots, are expected to enhance biogeochemical processes to mitigate nitrogen (N) pollution, particularly nitrate-nitrogen (NO3[-]-N). However, the interactions among bacteria, algae, and macrophytes in wetlands, which are crucial for N removal, remain largely unknown. This study explored how macrophyte coverage influences bacterial-algal interactions, shifting from mutualism to inhibition, thereby affecting N removal. Moderate coverage enhanced NO3[-]-N and total nitrogen (TN) removal (P < 0.05), which was correlated with increased microbial abundance (P < 0.05). This may have resulted from moderate algal photosynthesis, reduced physiological stress, and the expansion of ecological niches for microbes. Insufficient coverage promoted algal growth (chlorophyll-a > 31.5 μg·L[-1]), leading to increased competition for substrates and elevated pH, which further inhibited bacterial activity. Excessive coverage also inhibited bacterial activity by reducing illumination and oxidation-reduction potential. Consequently, insufficient and excessive coverage decreased N removal efficiencies by 2.7-15.7 % (NO3[-]-N) and 3.7-11.1 % (TN) while increasing methane emission potential by 1.4-6.9 times compared with moderate coverage. These findings offer insights into solving NO3[-]-N contamination using near-natural methods and balancing the ecological and practical considerations for small wetlands.},
}
@article {pmid39182440,
year = {2024},
author = {Schettini, F and Gattazzo, F and Nucera, S and Rubio Garcia, E and López-Aladid, R and Morelli, L and Fontana, A and Vigneri, P and Casals-Pascual, C and Iebba, V and Generali, D},
title = {Navigating the complex relationship between human gut microbiota and breast cancer: Physiopathological, prognostic and therapeutic implications.},
journal = {Cancer treatment reviews},
volume = {130},
number = {},
pages = {102816},
doi = {10.1016/j.ctrv.2024.102816},
pmid = {39182440},
issn = {1532-1967},
abstract = {The human body represents the habitat of trillions of symbiotic microorganisms, collectively known as human microbiota, approximately half of which residing in the gut. The development of next-generation sequencing techniques has boosted the profiling of human microbiota in recent years. A growing body of evidence seems to support a strict relationship between the disruption of the mutualistic relationship between the microbiota and the host (i.e., dysbiosis) and the development of several diseases, including breast malignancies. Breast cancer still represents the most frequent cause of cancer-related death in women. Its complex relationship with gut microbiota is the object of a growing body of evidence. In fact, the interaction with the host immune system and a direct impact of gut microbiota on estrogen, lipid and polyphenols metabolism, seem to potentially affect breast tumor development, progression and response to treatments. In this review, in an attempt to help oncologists navigating this rapidly-evolving research field, we provide an essential overview on the taxonomy, main analytical techniques and terminology most commonly adopted. We discuss what is currently known regarding the interaction between gut microbiota and breast cancer and potential efforts to harness this complex interplay for therapeutic purposes, and revise main ongoing studies. We also briefly provide an overview on breast cancer intratumoral microbiota and its potential role beyond gut microbiota.},
}
@article {pmid39182290,
year = {2024},
author = {Xue, C and Liu, R and Xia, Z and Jia, J and Hu, B and Rennenberg, H},
title = {Sulfur availability and nodulation modify the response of Robinia pseudoacacia L. to lead (Pb) exposure.},
journal = {Journal of hazardous materials},
volume = {478},
number = {},
pages = {135612},
doi = {10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135612},
pmid = {39182290},
issn = {1873-3336},
abstract = {Both sulfur (S) supply and legume-rhizobium symbiosis can significantly contribute to enhancing the efficiency of phytoremediation of heavy metals (HMs). However, the regulatory mechanism determining the performance of legumes at lead (Pb) exposure have not been elucidated. Here, we cultivated black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.), a leguminous woody pioneer species at three S supply levels (i.e., deficient, moderate, and high S) with rhizobia inoculation and investigated the interaction of these treatments upon Pb exposure. Our results revealed that the root system of Robinia has a strong Pb accumulation and anti-oxidative capacity that protect the leaves from Pb toxicity. Compared with moderate S supply, high S supply significantly increased Pb accumulation in roots by promoting the synthesis of reduced S compounds (i.e., thiols, phytochelatin), and also strengthened the antioxidant system in leaves. Weakened defense at deficient S supply was indicated by enhanced oxidative damage. Rhizobia inoculation alleviated the oxidative damage of its Robinia host by immobilizing Pb to reduce its absorption by root cells. Together with enhanced Pb chelation in leaves, these mechanisms strengthen Pb detoxification in the Robinia-rhizobia symbiosis. Our results indicate that appropriate S supply can improve the defense of legume-rhizobia symbiosis against HM toxicity.},
}
@article {pmid39181961,
year = {2024},
author = {Ossowska, EA and Guzow-Krzemińska, B and Kukwa, M and Malíček, J and Schiefelbein, U and Thell, A and Kosecka, M},
title = {The application of haplotypes instead of species-level ranks modifies the interpretation of ecological preferences in lichen symbiont interactions in Parmelia.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {14},
number = {1},
pages = {19682},
pmid = {39181961},
issn = {2045-2322},
support = {2012/07/N/NZ8/00061//Narodowe Centrum Nauki/ ; BW/538-L150-B257-16//Wydzia&#x142; Biologii, Uniwersytet Gda&#x144;ski, Poland/ ; RVO 67985939//Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences/ ; },
mesh = {*Symbiosis/genetics ; *Haplotypes ; *Lichens/genetics/microbiology/physiology ; Parmeliaceae/genetics ; Phylogeny ; },
abstract = {The analysis of the interaction between main bionts (mycobiont and photobiont) in the lichen symbiosis delivers substantial information about their preferences in the selection of symbiotic partners, and their ecological preferences. The selectivity in the Parmelia genus has been defined as strong so far. However, data on this lichen genus, which includes several widely distributed species, are biogeographically limited. Therefore, using specialization indicators and extended sampling, in this study, we estimated the interactions between the main bionts of selected Parmelia spp., using two levels of estimation (species/OTU and haplotype). A comparison of mycobiont-photobiont interactions at different levels showed that considering only mycobiont species and Trebouxia OTUs, greater specialization is found, while Parmelia species studied in this work present a more generalistic strategy in photobiont choice when haplotypes are considered. Despite the uneven sampling of Parmelia species, the interpretation of specialization within species and individuals of the genus leads to a more precise and accurate interpretation of their adaptation strategies. Furthermore, the data from P. sulcata indicate the existence of a different pool of compatible haplotypes in some geographical regions compared to neighboring areas. This observation suggests the potential influence of climatic factors.},
}
@article {pmid39179679,
year = {2024},
author = {Chen, X and Feng, J and Yu, L and Zhang, T},
title = {Diversity of lichen mycobionts and photobionts and their relationships in the Ny-Ålesund region (Svalbard, High Arctic).},
journal = {Extremophiles : life under extreme conditions},
volume = {28},
number = {3},
pages = {40},
pmid = {39179679},
issn = {1433-4909},
support = {31300115//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; },
mesh = {*Lichens/classification/microbiology ; *Symbiosis ; Phylogeny ; Svalbard ; Arctic Regions ; Biodiversity ; Mycobiome ; },
abstract = {Lichens are dual organisms, with one major mycobiont and one major photobiont in each lichen symbiosis, which can survive extreme environmental conditions in the Arctic. However, the diversity and distribution of lichen photobionts in the Arctic remain poorly understood compared to their mycobiont partners. This study explored the diversity of lichen mycobionts and photobionts in 197 lichen samples collected from the Ny-Ålesund region (Svalbard, High Arctic). The nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions were sequenced and phylogenetic analyses were performed. The relationships between mycobionts and photobionts, as well as the association patterns, were also investigated. A total of 48 species of lichen mycobionts (16 families, nine orders) and 31 species/lineages of photobionts were identified. These 31 photobiont species belonged to one class (Trebouxiophyceae) and five genera, including 22 species of Trebouxia, five species of Asterochloris, two species of Chloroidium, one species of Symbiochloris, and one species of Coccomyxa. The results indicated that most analyzed lichen mycobionts could associate with multiple photobiont species, and the photobionts also exhibited a similar pattern. The results provided an important reference dataset for characterizing the diversity of lichen mycobionts and photobionts in the High Arctic region.},
}
@article {pmid39179239,
year = {2024},
author = {Kühl, M and Nielsen, DA and Borisov, SM},
title = {In Vivo Lifetime Imaging of the Internal O2 Dynamics in Corals with near-Infrared-Emitting Sensor Nanoparticles.},
journal = {ACS sensors},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1021/acssensors.4c01029},
pmid = {39179239},
issn = {2379-3694},
abstract = {Mapping of O2 with luminescent sensors within intact animals is challenging due to attenuation of excitation and emission light caused by tissue absorption and scattering as well as interfering background fluorescence. Here we show the application of luminescent O2 sensor nanoparticles (∼50-70 nm) composed of the O2 indicator platinum(II) tetra(4-fluoro)phenyltetrabenzoporphyrin (PtTPTBPF) immobilized in poly(methyl methacrylate-co-methacrylic acid) (PMMA-MA). We injected the sensor nanoparticles into the gastrovascular system of intact colony fractions of reef-building tropical corals that harbor photosynthetic microalgae in their tissues. The sensor nanoparticles are excited by red LED light (617 nm) and emit in the near-infrared (780 nm), which enhances the transmission of excitation and emission light through biological materials. This enabled us to map the internal O2 concentration via time-domain luminescence lifetime imaging through the outer tissue layers across several coral polyps in flowing seawater. After injection, nanoparticles dispersed within the coral tissue for several hours. While luminescence intensity imaging showed some local aggregation of sensor particles, lifetime imaging showed a more homogeneous O2 distribution across a larger area of the coral colony. Local stimulation of symbiont photosynthesis in corals induced oxygenation of illuminated tissue areas and formation of lateral O2 gradients toward surrounding respiring tissues, which were dissipated rapidly after the onset of darkness. Such measurements are key to improving our understanding of how corals regulate their internal chemical microenvironment and metabolic activity, and how they are affected by environmental stress such as ocean warming, acidification, and deoxygenation. Our experimental approach can also be adapted for in vivo O2 imaging in other natural systems such as biofilms, plant and animal tissues, as well as in organoids and other cell constructs, where imaging internal O2 conditions are relevant and challenging due to high optical density and background fluorescence.},
}
@article {pmid39178998,
year = {2024},
author = {Zhao, Y and Wang, J and Xiao, Q and Liu, G and Li, Y and Zha, X and He, Z and Kang, J},
title = {New insights into decoding the lifestyle of endophytic Fusarium lateritium Fl617 via comparing genomes.},
journal = {Genomics},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {110925},
doi = {10.1016/j.ygeno.2024.110925},
pmid = {39178998},
issn = {1089-8646},
abstract = {Fungal-plant interactions have persisted for 460 million years, and almost all terrestrial plants on Earth have endophytic fungi. However, the mechanism of symbiosis between endophytic fungi and host plants has been inconclusive. In this dissertation, we used a strain of endophytic Fusarium lateritium (Fl617), which was found in the previous stage to promote disease resistance in tomato, and selected the pathogenic Fusarium oxysporum Fo4287 and endophytic Fusarium oxysporum Fo47, which are in the same host and the closest relatives of Fl617, to carry out a comparative genomics analysis of the three systems and to provide a new perspective for the elucidation of the special lifestyle of the fungal endophytes. We found that endophytic F. lateritium has a smaller genome, fewer clusters and genes associated with pathogenicity, and fewer plant cell wall degrading enzymes (PCWDEs). There were also relatively fewer secondary metabolisms and typical Fusarium spp. toxins, and a lack of the key Fusarium spp. pathogenicity factor, secreted in xylem (SIX), but the endophytic fungi may be more sophisticated in their regulation of the colonization process. It is hypothesized that the endophytic fungi may have maintained their symbiosis with plants due to the relatively homogeneous microenvironment in plants for a long period of time, considering only plant interactions and discarding the relevant pathogenicity factors, and that their endophytic evolutionary tendency may tend to be genome streamlining and to enhance the fineness of the regulation of plant interactions, thus maintaining their symbiotic status with plants.},
}
@article {pmid39178983,
year = {2024},
author = {Kamou, N and Papafoti, A and Chatzaki, V and Kapranas, A},
title = {Exploring the effects of entomopathogenic nematode symbiotic bacteria and their cell free filtrates on the tomato leafminer Tuta absoluta and its predator Nesidiocoris tenuis.},
journal = {Journal of invertebrate pathology},
volume = {206},
number = {},
pages = {108181},
doi = {10.1016/j.jip.2024.108181},
pmid = {39178983},
issn = {1096-0805},
abstract = {The use of biocontrol agents, such as predators and entomopathogenic nematodes, is a promising approach for the effective control of the tomato leafminer Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidaean), an oligophagous insect feeding mainly on Solanaceae species and a major pest of field- and greenhouse-grown tomatoes globally. In this context, the effects of two entomopathogenic nematode species Steinernema carpocapsae (Weiser) (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae) and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (Poinar) (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae), as well as their respective bacterial symbionts, Xenorhabdus nematophila and Photorhabdus luminescens (Enterobacterales: Morganelaceae), which were applied as bacterial cell suspensions and as crude cell-free liquid filtrates on T. absoluta larvae, were investigated. The results showed that of all treatments, the nematodes S. carpocapsae and H. bacteriophora were the most effective, causing up to 98 % mortality of T. absoluta larvae. Regarding bacteria and their filtrates, the bacterium X. nematophila was the most effective (69 % mortality in young larvae), while P. luminescens and both bacterial filtrates showed similar potency (ca. 48-55 % mortality in young larvae). To achieve a holistic approach of controlling this important pest, the impact of these factors on the beneficial predator Nesidiocoris tenuis (Reuter) (Hemiptera: Miridae) was also studied. The results demonstrated that although nematodes and especially S. carpocapsae, caused significant mortality on N. tenuis (87 %), the bacterial cell suspensions of X. nematophila and P. luminescens and crude cell-free liquid filtrates had minimum impact on this beneficial predator (∼11-30 % mortality).},
}
@article {pmid39178802,
year = {2024},
author = {Xie, B and Zhao, Z and Wang, X and Wang, Q and Yuan, X and Guo, C and Xu, L},
title = {Exogenous protectants alleviate ozone stress in Trifolium repens: Impacts on plant growth and endophytic fungi.},
journal = {Plant physiology and biochemistry : PPB},
volume = {215},
number = {},
pages = {109059},
doi = {10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.109059},
pmid = {39178802},
issn = {1873-2690},
abstract = {Industrialization-driven surface ozone (O3) pollution significantly impairs plant growth. This study evaluates the effectiveness of exogenous protectants [3 mg L[-][1] abscisic acid (ABA), 400 mg L[-][1] ethylenediurea (EDU), and 80 mg L[-][1] spermidine (Spd)] on Trifolium repens subjected to O3 stress in open-top chambers, focusing on plant growth and dynamics of culturable endophytic fungal communities. Results indicate that O3 exposure adversely affects photosynthesis, reducing root biomass and altering root structure, which further impacts the ability of plant to absorb essential nutrients such as potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), and zinc (Zn). Conversely, the application of ABA, EDU, and Spd significantly enhanced total biomass and chlorophyll content in T. repens. Specifically, ABA and Spd significantly improved root length, root surface area, and root volume, while EDU effectively reduced leaves' malondialdehyde levels, indicating decreased oxidative stress. Moreover, ABA and Spd treatments significantly increased leaf endophytic fungal diversity, while root fungal abundance declined. The relative abundance of Alternaria in leaves was substantially reduced by these treatments, which correlated with enhanced chlorophyll content and photosynthesis. Concurrently, EDU and Spd treatments increased the abundance of Plectosphaerella, enhance the absorption of K, Ca, and Mg. In roots, ABA treatment increased the abundance of Paecilomyces, while Spd treatment enhanced the presence of Stemphylium, linked to improved nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and K uptake. These findings suggest that specific symbiotic fungi mitigate O3-induced stress by enhancing nutrient absorption, promoting growth. This study highlights the potential of exogenous protectants to enhance plant resilience against O3 pollution through modulating interactions with endophytic fungal communities.},
}
@article {pmid39175686,
year = {2024},
author = {Xiong, T and Gao, Q and Zhang, J and Zhang, J and Zhang, C and Yue, H and Liu, J and Bai, D and Li, J},
title = {Engineering Escherichia coli with a symbiotic plasmid for the production of phenylpyruvic acid.},
journal = {RSC advances},
volume = {14},
number = {36},
pages = {26580-26584},
pmid = {39175686},
issn = {2046-2069},
abstract = {Plasmid-based microbial systems have become a major avenue for the production of pharmaceutical and chemical products; however, antibiotics are often required to maintain the stability of the plasmid. To eliminate the need for antibiotics, we developed a symbiotic system between plasmids and hosts by knocking out the essential gene of folP on the chromosome and placing it on the same plasmid as l-amino acid dehydrogenase (aadL); the resulting strain was named E. coli A06ΔfolP. To increase the copy number of aadL, different strengths of promoters were used for the expression of folP, resulting in the creation of a mutant E. coli A17ΔfolP. The yield of phenylpyruvic acid (PPA) from E. coli A17ΔfolP (4.1 ± 0.3 g L[-1]) was 1.9-fold that of E. coli A06ΔfolP (2.1 ± 0.2 g L[-1]). Next, the stability of plasmids was tested, and results showed that the plasmids could be maintained stably for 10 transfer numbers under antibiotic-free conditions. Finally, E. coli A17ΔfolP was used to produce PPA; the yield of PPA was 18.7 g L[-1] within 14 h.},
}
@article {pmid39174531,
year = {2024},
author = {Scarinci, G and Ariens, JL and Angelidou, G and Schmidt, S and Glatter, T and Paczia, N and Sourjik, V},
title = {Enhanced metabolic entanglement emerges during the evolution of an interkingdom microbial community.},
journal = {Nature communications},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {7238},
pmid = {39174531},
issn = {2041-1723},
mesh = {*Symbiosis ; *Microbiota/physiology ; *Biological Evolution ; Nitrogen/metabolism ; Microbial Interactions ; Metabolic Networks and Pathways/genetics ; Bacteria/metabolism/genetics/classification ; Selection, Genetic ; },
abstract = {While different stages of mutualism can be observed in natural communities, the dynamics and mechanisms underlying the gradual erosion of independence of the initially autonomous organisms are not yet fully understood. In this study, by conducting the laboratory evolution on an engineered microbial community, we reproduce and molecularly track the stepwise progression towards enhanced partner entanglement. We observe that the evolution of the community both strengthens the existing metabolic interactions and leads to the emergence of de novo interdependence between partners for nitrogen metabolism, which is a common feature of natural symbiotic interactions. Selection for enhanced metabolic entanglement during the community evolution repeatedly occurred indirectly, via pleiotropies and trade-offs within cellular regulatory networks, and with no evidence of group selection. The indirect positive selection of metabolic dependencies between microbial community members, which results from the direct selection of other coupled traits in the same regulatory network, may therefore be a common but underappreciated driving force guiding the evolution of natural mutualistic communities.},
}
@article {pmid39174240,
year = {2024},
author = {Richardson, JA and Rose, BD and Garcia, K},
title = {X-ray fluorescence and XANES spectroscopy revealed diverse potassium chemistries and colocalization with phosphorus in the ectomycorrhizal fungus Paxillus ammoniavirescens.},
journal = {Fungal biology},
volume = {128},
number = {6},
pages = {2054-2061},
doi = {10.1016/j.funbio.2024.08.004},
pmid = {39174240},
issn = {1878-6146},
mesh = {*Potassium/metabolism/analysis ; *Mycorrhizae/metabolism/chemistry ; *Phosphorus/metabolism ; *X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy ; *Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission ; Basidiomycota/metabolism/chemistry/growth &amp; development ; Plant Roots/microbiology ; Mycelium/chemistry/metabolism/growth &amp; development ; },
abstract = {Ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi play a major role in forest ecosystems and managed tree plantations. Particularly, they facilitate mineral weathering and nutrient transfer towards colonized roots. Among nutrients provided by these fungi, potassium (K) has been understudied compared to phosphorus (P) or nitrogen (N). The ECM fungus Paxillus ammoniavirescens is a generalist species that interacts with the root of many trees and can directly transfer K to them, including loblolly pine. However, the forms of K that ECM fungi can store is still unknown. Here, we used synchrotron potassium X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and K-edge X-ray Absorption Near Edge Structure (XANES) spectroscopy on P. ammoniavirescens growing in axenic conditions to investigate the K chemistries accumulating in the center and the edge of the mycelium. We observed that various K forms accumulated in different part of the mycelium, including K-nitrate (KNO3), K-C-O compounds (such as K-tartrate K2(C4H4O6) and K-oxalate (K2C2O4)), K-S and K-P compounds. Saprotrophic fungi have been shown to excrete carboxylic acids, which in turn play a role in soil mineral weathering. Our finding of several K counter-ions to carboxylic acids may suggest that, besides their direct transfer to colonized roots, K ions can also be involved in the production of compounds necessary for sourcing nutrients from their surrounding environment by ECM fungi. Additionally, this work reveals that XANES spectroscopy can be used to identify the various forms of K accumulating in biological systems.},
}
@article {pmid39173792,
year = {2024},
author = {Gonnami, M and Tominaga, T and Isowa, Y and Takashima, S and Takeda, N and Miura, C and Takagi, M and Egusa, M and Mine, A and Ifuku, S and Kaminaka, H},
title = {Chitin nanofibers promote rhizobial symbiotic nitrogen fixation in Lotus japonicus.},
journal = {International journal of biological macromolecules},
volume = {278},
number = {Pt 3},
pages = {134910},
doi = {10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.134910},
pmid = {39173792},
issn = {1879-0003},
abstract = {Chitin, an N-acetyl-D-glucosamine polymer, has multiple functions in living organisms, including the induction of disease resistance and growth promotion in plants. In addition, chitin oligosaccharides (COs) are used as the backbone of the signaling molecule Nod factor secreted by soil bacteria rhizobia to establish a mutual symbiosis with leguminous plants. Nod factor perception triggers host plant responses for rhizobial symbiosis. In this study, the effects of chitins on rhizobial symbiosis were examined in the leguminous plants Lotus japonicus and soybean. Chitin nanofiber (CNF), retained with polymeric structures, and COs elicited calcium spiking in L. japonicus roots expressing a nuclear-localized cameleon reporter. Shoot growth and symbiotic nitrogen fixation were significantly increased by CNF but not COs in L.japonicus and soybean. However, treatments with chitin and cellulose nanofiber, structurally similar polymers to CNF, did not affect shoot growth and nitrogen fixation in L.japonicus. Transcriptome analysis also supported the specific effects of CNF on rhizobial symbiosis in L.japonicus. Although chitins comprise the same monosaccharides and nanofibers share similar physical properties, only CNF can promote rhizobial nitrogen fixation in leguminous plants. Taking the advantages on physical properties, CNF could be a promising material for improving legume yield by enhancing rhizobial symbiosis.},
}
@article {pmid39173365,
year = {2024},
author = {Naseer, MA and Zhang, ZQ and Mukhtar, A and Asad, MS and Wu, HY and Yang, H and Zhou, XB},
title = {Strigolactones: A promising tool for nutrient acquisition through arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi symbiosis and abiotic stress tolerance.},
journal = {Plant physiology and biochemistry : PPB},
volume = {215},
number = {},
pages = {109057},
doi = {10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.109057},
pmid = {39173365},
issn = {1873-2690},
abstract = {Strigolactones (SLs) constitute essential phytohormones that control pathogen defense, resilience to phosphate deficiency and abiotic stresses. Furthermore, SLs are released into the soil by roots, especially in conditions in which there is inadequate phosphate or nitrogen available. SLs have the aptitude to stimulate the root parasite plants and symbiotic cooperation with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi in rhizosphere. The use of mineral resources, especially phosphorus (P), by host plants is accelerated by AMF, which also improves plant growth and resilience to a series of biotic and abiotic stresses. Thus, these SL treatments that promote rhizobial symbiosis are substitutes for artificial fertilizers and other chemicals, supporting ecologically friendly farming practices. Moreover, SLs have become a fascinating target for abiotic stress adaptation in plants, with an array of uses in sustainable agriculture. In this review, the biological activity has been summarized that SLs as a signaling hormone for AMF symbiosis, nutrient acquisition, and abiotic stress tolerance through interaction with other hormones. Furthermore, the processes behind the alterations in the microbial population caused by SL are clarified, emphasizing the interplay with other signaling mechanisms. This review covers the latest developments in SL studies as well as the properties of SLs on microbial populations, plant hormone transductions, interactions and abiotic stress tolerance.},
}
@article {pmid39172149,
year = {2024},
author = {Sutar, RR and Mapari, SV and Gaikwad, SB and Khare, R and Behera, BC},
title = {An investigation on the cardioprotective potential of lichen compound protocetraric acid by H2O2-induced toxicity in H9c2 rat heart cells through in vitro and in silico analysis.},
journal = {Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {39172149},
issn = {1432-1912},
support = {835/Dec. 2017//University Grants Commission, Government of India, New Delhi, India/ ; DBTHRDPMU/JRF/BET-20/I/2020/AL/1 dated 27.11.2020//Department of Biotechnology, Government of India, New Delhi, India/ ; },
abstract = {Worldwide, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death and require treatment and prevention. Lichens are symbiotic organisms that are known to produce unique secondary metabolites and have been used as folk medicines. The aim of the study is to emphasize the importance of lichens in improving heart health, with the objective of investigating protocetraric acid, a lichen metabolite, for its antioxidant and cardioprotective potential by using in vitro and in silico techniques. Protocetraric acid (PRC) was isolated, characterized, and tested for antioxidant properties using six assays. In cardiovascular investigations, hydroxymethylglutaryl-coenzymeA reductase (HMGCR), angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitory, and fibrinolytic capacities, along with enzyme inhibitory kinetics studies, were carried out. In silico toxicology and molecular docking analysis were done to determine the binding sites on target proteins. The cytoprotective ability of PRC was evaluated by H2O2-induced toxicity in H9c2 rat heart cells. Out of six lichens, the extract of F. caperata showed comparatively stronger antioxidant activity in terms of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazil (DPPH), scavenging of nitric oxide (SNO), and ferric reducing potential (FRAP) equivalent values. PRC showed significant antioxidant properties, and with respect to cardiovascular studies, PRC exhibited 86% HMGCR and 82% ACE inhibition, while 57% fibrinolysis at 320 µM concentration. Inhibitory kinetic tests of PRC showed competitive and uncompetitive HMGCR and ACE inhibition types respectively. PRC showed minimum binding energies of - 7.9, - 8.9, and - 9.0 kcal/mol with 1HWK, 1O8A, and 4BZS. The H9c2 cell line pre-treated with PRC was found to reduce H2O2 toxicity as well as increase cell viability. Protocetraric acid is a potent compound that has been experimentally shown to have hypocholesterolemic, hypotensive, and cardioprotective properties for treating cardiovascular diseases.},
}
@article {pmid39171259,
year = {2024},
author = {Cheng, Y and Sun, S and Lou, H and Dong, Y and He, H and Mei, Q and Liu, J},
title = {The ectomycorrhizal fungus Scleroderma bovista improves growth of hazelnut seedlings and plays a role in auxin signaling and transport.},
journal = {Frontiers in microbiology},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1431120},
pmid = {39171259},
issn = {1664-302X},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Scleroderma bovista can form symbiotic ectomycorrhizal fungi with hazel roots. The mechanism through which S. bovista promotes hazelnut growth remains unclear.<br><br>METHODS: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of ectomycorrhizal fungus S. bovista on the growth and development of hazel roots and gene expression changes through comparative transcriptome analysis.<br><br>RESULTS: After inoculation with S. bovista, the fungus symbiotically formed ectomycorrhiza with hazel roots. The fresh weights of the aboveground and underground parts of My treatment (inoculated with S. bovista and formed mycorrhiza) were much higher than those of the control, respectively. The length, project area, surface area, volume, forks, and diameter of the inoculated seedlings root were 1.13 to 2.48 times higher than those of the control. In the paired comparison, 3,265 upregulated and 1,916 downregulated genes were identified. The most significantly enriched Gene Ontology term for the upregulated Differentially Expressed Genes was GO:0005215 (transporter activity). Immunohistochemical analysis suggested that the expression levels of auxin and Auxin Response Factor9 were significantly increased by S. bovista after the formation of mycorrhizal fungi in hazelnut root tips.<br><br>DISCUSSION: These results indicate that genes related to auxin biosynthesis, transport and signaling, and transport of nutrients may contribute to root development regulation in hazel ectomycorrhiza.},
}
@article {pmid39170494,
year = {2024},
author = {Xie, W and Sharma, A and Kaushik, H and Sharma, L and Nistha, and Anwer, MK and Sachdeva, M and Elossaily, GM and Zhang, Y and Pillappan, R and Kaur, M and Behl, T and Shen, B and Singla, RK},
title = {Shaping the future of gastrointestinal cancers through metabolic interactions with host gut microbiota.},
journal = {Heliyon},
volume = {10},
number = {15},
pages = {e35336},
pmid = {39170494},
issn = {2405-8440},
abstract = {Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers represent a significant global health challenge, driving relentless efforts to identify innovative diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. Recent strides in microbiome research have unveiled a previously underestimated dimension of cancer progression that revolves around the intricate metabolic interplay between GI cancers and the host's gut microbiota. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of these emerging metabolic interactions and their potential to catalyze a paradigm shift in precision diagnosis and therapeutic breakthroughs in GI cancers. The article underscores the groundbreaking impact of microbiome research on oncology by delving into the symbiotic connection between host metabolism and the gut microbiota. It offers valuable insights into tailoring treatment strategies to individual patients, thus moving beyond the traditional one-size-fits-all approach. This review also sheds light on novel diagnostic methodologies that could transform the early detection of GI cancers, potentially leading to more favorable patient outcomes. In conclusion, exploring the metabolic interactions between host gut microbiota and GI cancers showcases a promising frontier in the ongoing battle against these formidable diseases. By comprehending and harnessing the microbiome's influence, the future of precision diagnosis and therapeutic innovation for GI cancers appears more optimistic, opening doors to tailored treatments and enhanced diagnostic precision.},
}
@article {pmid39168702,
year = {2024},
author = {Zhou, YL and Peng, M and Yang, ZB and Chen, J and Wang, CW and Han, W},
title = {[Characteristics of Soil Selenium-cadmium Migration and Accumulation and Its Bioeffectiveness in Typical Geological High Background Area].},
journal = {Huan jing ke xue= Huanjing kexue},
volume = {45},
number = {8},
pages = {4860-4869},
doi = {10.13227/j.hjkx.202309030},
pmid = {39168702},
issn = {0250-3301},
abstract = {The prevalence of selenium-cadmium （Se-Cd） symbiosis in soils of geologically high background areas directly affects the safe utilization of Se-rich land resources. To investigate the migration and accumulation characteristics and bio-effectiveness of Se-Cd in the soil-crop system in typical geological high background areas of Southwest China and to realize the safe use of natural Se-rich land resources in geological high background areas, we collected 84 samples of agricultural crops （maize） and their supporting root systems and analyzed the Se-Cd content and physicochemical properties. Se-Cd accumulation characteristics, influencing factors, and bio-effectiveness of the soil-crop system were evaluated using geostatistics, bioenrichment factors, and geographic detectors. The results showed that the Se-Cd content in the study area was significantly higher than the background value of the soil in the whole country and in Yunnan Province. Influenced by the geological background, secondary enrichment in the process of soil formation, and agricultural activities, the accumulation and enrichment characteristics of Se in the root soil varied from no enrichment to slightly enriched, and the occurrence form was dominated by the residue state. The accumulation index of soil Cd was mainly in the medium pollution level, and the occurrence form was mainly in the residual state and the combined state of iron and manganese. The Se-enrichment rate of crop seeds reached 98.8% （DB 50/T 524-2013 standard）, and the average value of bioconcentration factor was 5.8%. The exceeding rate of Cd content in crop seeds was only 1.19% （GB 2762-2022 standard）, and the average value of Cd bioconcentration factor was 2.11%, so the ecological risk of heavy metal Cd in crop seeds was relatively low. In the Se-Cd symbiosis area under geological background, the weak alkaline environment of the soil could effectively reduce the bioavailability of Cd in crop seeds, and the Se-rich soil could inhibit the uptake of Cd by the crops to a certain extent. Correlation analysis showed that the migration and accumulation of Se and Cd from soil to crop seeds in the soil-crop system were affected by the elemental accumulation pattern and the physical and chemical properties （pH） of the soil, and at the same time, there was a certain synergistic-antagonistic effect between Se and Cd in the soil-crop system. Correlation analysis showed that the migration and accumulation of Se and Cd from soil to crop seeds in the soil-crop system was influenced by the occurrence of elements, soil physicochemical properties （pH）, and other factors, and there was also a certain synergistic-antagonistic interaction between Se and Cd in the soil-crop system.},
}
@article {pmid39167856,
year = {2024},
author = {Li, X and Shi, F and Zhou, M and Wu, F and Su, H and Liu, X and Wei, Y and Wang, F},
title = {Migration and accumulation of microplastics in soil-plant systems mediated by symbiotic microorganisms and their ecological effects.},
journal = {Environment international},
volume = {191},
number = {},
pages = {108965},
doi = {10.1016/j.envint.2024.108965},
pmid = {39167856},
issn = {1873-6750},
abstract = {The coexistence of microorganisms in complex soil environments greatly affects the environmental behavior and ecological effects of microplastics (MPs). However, relevant studies are sparse, and internal mechanisms remain unclear. Herein, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), a common symbiotic microorganism in the soil-plant system, was proved to significantly affect MPs absorption and migration with a "size effect". Specifically, the existence of AMF accelerated small-sized MPs (0.5 μm) uptake but slowed large-sized MPs (2 μm) uptake in lettuce. The content of 0.5 μm MPs absorbed by plants with AMF was 1.26 times that of the non-AMF group, while the content of 2 μm MPs was only 77.62 % that of non-AMF group. Additionally, the different effects of microorganisms on the intake content of MPs with different particle sizes in plants also led to different toxic effects of MPs on lettuce, that is, AMF exacerbated small-size MPs toxicity in lettuce (e.g., reduced plant biomass, photosynthesis, etc), and it weakened large-sized MPs toxicity (e.g., increased plant height, antioxidant enzyme activity, etc). The above phenomenon mainly because of the change in AMF on the plant root structure, which can be visually observed through the intraradical and extraradical hyphae. The symbiotic structure (hyphae) formed by AMF and host plants root could enhance the absorption pathway for small-sized MPs in lettuce, although not for large-sized MPs. Additionally, the effects of AMF varied with the soil environment of differently sized MPs, which promoted the migration of small-particle MPs to plants but aggravated large-particle MPs fixation at the soil interface. These findings could deepen the understanding of MPs pollution in terrestrial systems and provide theoretical basis and technical support to accurately assess soil MPs pollution.},
}
@article {pmid39167830,
year = {2024},
author = {Jhu, MY and Feng, J},
title = {The secret of self-fertilizing plants: NIN-NAD1's role in symbiotic nitrogen fixation.},
journal = {The Plant cell},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/plcell/koae237},
pmid = {39167830},
issn = {1532-298X},
}
@article {pmid39167823,
year = {2024},
author = {Roy Choudhury, S and Pandey, S},
title = {SymRK regulates G-protein signaling during nodulation in soybean (Glycine max) by modifying RGS phosphorylation and activity.},
journal = {Molecular plant-microbe interactions : MPMI},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1094/MPMI-04-24-0036-R},
pmid = {39167823},
issn = {0894-0282},
abstract = {Molecular inter-species dialogue between leguminous plants and nitrogen-fixing rhizobia results in the development of symbiotic root nodules. This is initiated by several nodulation-related receptors present on the surface of root hair epidermal cells. We have shown previously that specific subunits of heterotrimeric G proteins and their regulatory RGS (regulator of G-protein signaling) proteins act as molecular links between the receptors and downstream components during nodule formation in soybeans. Nod factor receptor 1 (NFR1) interacts with and phosphorylates RGS proteins to regulate the G-protein cycle. Symbiosis receptor-like kinases (SymRK) phosphorylate Gα to make it inactive and unavailable for Gβγ. We now show that like NFR1, SymRK also interacts with the RGS proteins to phosphorylate them. Phosphorylated RGS has higher GTP accelerating activity, which favors conversion of active Gα to its inactive form. Phosphorylation of RGS proteins is physiologically relevant, as overexpression of a phospho-mimic version of RGS protein enhances nodule formation in soybean. These results reveal an intricate fine-tuning of the G-protein signaling during nodulation, where a negative regulator (Gα) is effectively deactivated by RGS due to the concerted efforts of several receptor proteins to ensure adequate nodulation.},
}
@article {pmid39167252,
year = {2024},
author = {Bai, Z and Fang, J and Yu, C and Zhang, S and Liu, F and Han, F and Zhou, G and Ma, J and Kong, X},
title = {Divergent Response of Two Bark Beetle-Fungal Symbiotic Systems to Host Monoterpenes Reflects Niche Partitioning Strategies.},
journal = {Journal of chemical ecology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {39167252},
issn = {1573-1561},
abstract = {The successful establishment of bark beetle-fungus symbionts on plants is required to overcome host defenses. However, little is known about how different bark beetle-fungus symbionts adapt to different niches on the same host plant. Here, we investigated the niche partitioning mechanism of two co-occurring bark beetle-fungus symbiotic systems, Ips nitidus-Ophiostoma bicolor and Dendroctonus micans-Endoconidiophora laricicola, on Qinghai spruce (Picea crassifolia) tree. The lower niche of the spruce trunk inhabited by D. micans showed a higher content of monoterpenes than the upper niche of the trunk inhabited by I. nitidus. Dendroctonus micans showed greater tolerance and higher metabolic efficiency toward monoterpenes than I. nitidus. However, both beetle species showed a similar metabolic profile toward α-pinene, albeit with different levels of metabolites. Additionally, O. bicolor, transmitted by I. nitidus, showed a significantly higher tolerance to monoterpenes and pathogenicity to spruce trees than E. laricicola, transmitted by D. micans. In particular, monoterpenoid metabolites were observed to attenuate the inhibitory effect of high-dose α-pinene on E. laricicola, thus increasing its fitness in a high-dose monoterpene microhabitat. These results show that these two bark beetle-fungus symbionts have adapted to different niches, leading to fitness differences in niche distribution that are at least partly related to the different distribution of monoterpene concentration in the spruce trunk. This research provides a novel perspective for understanding the coevolution between bark beetle-fungus symbionts and their host plants.},
}
@article {pmid39166858,
year = {2024},
author = {Parsons, JD and Cocker, CR and East, AK and Wheatley, RM and Ramachandran, VK and Kaschani, F and Kaiser, M and Poole, PS},
title = {Factors governing attachment of Rhizobium leguminosarum to legume roots at acid, neutral, and alkaline pHs.},
journal = {mSystems},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e0042224},
doi = {10.1128/msystems.00422-24},
pmid = {39166858},
issn = {2379-5077},
abstract = {UNLABELLED: Rhizobial attachment to host legume roots is the first physical interaction of bacteria and plants in symbiotic nitrogen fixation. The pH-dependent primary attachment of Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar viciae 3841 to Pisum sativum (pea) roots was investigated by genome-wide insertion sequencing, luminescence-based attachment assays, and proteomic analysis. Under acid, neutral, or alkaline pH, a total of 115 genes are needed for primary attachment under one or more environmental pH, with 22 genes required for all. These include components of cell surfaces and membranes, together with enzymes that construct and modify them. Mechanisms of dealing with stress also play a part; however, exact requirements vary depending on environmental pH. RNASeq showed that knocking out the two transcriptional regulators required for attachment causes massive changes in the bacterial cell surface. Approximately half of the 54 proteins required for attachment at pH 7.0 have a role in the later stages of nodule formation. We found no evidence for a single rhicadhesin responsible for alkaline attachment, although sonicated cell surface fractions inhibited root attachment at alkaline pH. Our results demonstrate the complexity of primary root attachment and illustrate the diversity of mechanisms involved.<br><br>IMPORTANCE: The first step by which bacteria interact with plant roots is by attachment. In this study, we use a combination of insertion sequencing and biochemical analysis to determine how bacteria attach to pea roots and how this is influenced by pH. We identify several key adhesins, which are molecules that enable bacteria to stick to roots. This includes a novel filamentous hemagglutinin which is needed at all pHs for attachment. Overall, 115 proteins are required for attachment at one or more pHs.},
}
@article {pmid39165572,
year = {2024},
author = {Chen, Y and Xiao, L and Zhou, M and Zhang, H},
title = {The microbiota: a crucial mediator in gut homeostasis and colonization resistance.},
journal = {Frontiers in microbiology},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1417864},
pmid = {39165572},
issn = {1664-302X},
abstract = {The gut microbiota is a complex and diverse community of microorganisms that colonizes the human gastrointestinal tract and influences various aspects of human health. These microbes are closely related to enteric infections. As a foreign entity for the host, commensal microbiota is restricted and regulated by the barrier and immune system in the gut and contributes to gut homeostasis. Commensals also effectively resist the colonization of pathogens and the overgrowth of indigenous pathobionts by utilizing a variety of mechanisms, while pathogens have developed strategies to subvert colonization resistance. Dysbiosis of the microbial community can lead to enteric infections. The microbiota acts as a pivotal mediator in establishing a harmonious mutualistic symbiosis with the host and shielding the host against pathogens. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the mechanisms underlying host-microbiome and microbiome-pathogen interactions, highlighting the multi-faceted roles of the gut microbiota in preventing enteric infections. We also discuss the applications of manipulating the microbiota to treat infectious diseases in the gut.},
}
@article {pmid39165397,
year = {2024},
author = {Jacob, M and Thomas, PK and Giebel, HA and Billerbeck, S and Simon, M and Striebel, M and Dlugosch, L},
title = {Cross-domain diversity effects: linking diatom species richness, intraspecific richness, and biomass production to host-associated bacterial diversity.},
journal = {ISME communications},
volume = {4},
number = {1},
pages = {ycae046},
pmid = {39165397},
issn = {2730-6151},
abstract = {Interactions between bacteria and microalgae are important for the functioning of aquatic ecosystems, yet interactions based on the biodiversity of these two taxonomic domains have been scarcely studied. Specifically, it is unclear whether a positive biodiversity-productivity relationship in phytoplankton is largely facilitated by niche partitioning among the phytoplankton organisms themselves or whether associated bacterial communities play an additional role in modifying these diversity effects. Moreover, the effects of intraspecific diversity in phytoplankton communities on bacterial community diversity have not been tested. To address these points, we factorially manipulated both species and intraspecific richness of three diatoms to test the effects of diatom species/strain diversity on biomass production and bacterial diversity in algae-bacteria communities. The results show that diatom intraspecific diversity has significant positive effects on culture biomass and the diversity of the associated free-living bacterial community (0.2-3 μm size fraction), which are comparable in magnitude to species diversity effects. However, there were little to no effects of diatom diversity on host-associated bacterial diversity (>3 μm size fraction), or of bacterial diversity on biomass production. These results suggest a decoupling of bacterial diversity from the diatom diversity-productivity relationship and provide early insights regarding the relations between diversity across domains in aquatic ecosystems.},
}
@article {pmid39163937,
year = {2024},
author = {Hu, L and Zhu, H and Li, R and Zhang, L and Li, B and Tao, R and Liao, Q and Qu, B},
title = {Study on microstructure evolution and oxidation kinetics in Coal-Oil Symbiosis.},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {175564},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175564},
pmid = {39163937},
issn = {1879-1026},
abstract = {Differences in the spontaneous combustion mechanism characteristics of Coal-Oil Symbiosis (COS) significantly affect coal mines' safety management and ecological environment maintenance. Accordingly, this study aims to investigate COS's macroscopic and microstructural characteristics with different oil mass percentage using simultaneous thermal analysis, low-temperature N2 adsorption, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and in-situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The results showed that with the increase of oil mass percentage, the COS displayed the weakening of oxygen absorption and the advance of some characteristic temperatures, and 11.5 °C advanced the maximum weight loss temperature on average. For the 25 % oil sample, the ignition temperature was 9.5 °C lower than that of the raw coal. Additionally, the apparent activation energy of the high oil mass percentage sample was significantly reduced in the pyrolysis and combustion stages, and when the oil mass percentage was 25 %, the activation energies of the two stages decreased by 89 % and 60.65 %, respectively. Compared to raw coal, COS exhibits fewer macropores and surface pores covered by oil, which limits oxygen adsorption. Moreover, COS with higher oil mass percentage had an increase in hydroxyl and aliphatic hydrocarbon groups, and the CH3 + CH2 content of COS increased by 69.2 % on average, providing more active groups, thereby promoting spontaneous combustion. This study provides an important reference and theoretical support for further understanding the structural evolution and oxidation kinetic behavior of COS, contributing to disaster prevention and ecological environmental protection in coal-oil coexistence mining areas.},
}
@article {pmid39163261,
year = {2024},
author = {Méndez-Sánchez, D and Schrecengost, A and Rotterová, J and Koštířová, K and Beinart, RA and Čepička, I},
title = {Methanogenic symbionts of anaerobic ciliates are host- and habitat-specific.},
journal = {The ISME journal},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/ismejo/wrae164},
pmid = {39163261},
issn = {1751-7370},
abstract = {The association between anaerobic ciliates and methanogenic archaea has been recognized for over a century. Nevertheless, knowledge of these associations is limited to a few ciliate species, and so the identification of patterns of host-symbiont specificity has been largely speculative. In this study, we integrated microscopy and genetic identification to survey the methanogenic symbionts of 32 free-living anaerobic ciliate species, mainly from the order Metopida. Based on Sanger and Illumina sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene, our results show that a single methanogenic symbiont population, belonging to Methanobacterium, Methanoregula, or Methanocorpusculum, is dominant in each host strain. Moreover, the host's taxonomy (genus and above) and environment (i.e., endobiotic, marine/brackish, or freshwater) are linked with the methanogen identity at the genus level, demonstrating a strong specificity and fidelity in the association. We also established cultures containing artificially co-occurring anaerobic ciliate species harboring different methanogenic symbionts. This revealed that the host-methanogen relationship is stable over short timescales in cultures without evidence of methanogenic symbiont exchanges, though, our intraspecific survey indicated that metopids also tend to replace their methanogens over longer evolutionary timescales. Therefore, anaerobic ciliates have adapted a mixed transmission mode to maintain and replace their methanogenic symbionts, allowing them to thrive in oxygen-depleted environments.},
}
@article {pmid39162541,
year = {2024},
author = {Luo, L and Dai, F and Xu, Z and Guan, J and Fei, G and Qu, J and Yao, M and Xue, Y and Zhou, Y and Zou, X},
title = {Core microbes in Cordyceps militaris sclerotia and their nitrogen metabolism-related ecological functions.},
journal = {Microbiology spectrum},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e0105324},
doi = {10.1128/spectrum.01053-24},
pmid = {39162541},
issn = {2165-0497},
abstract = {UNLABELLED: Cordyceps militaris infects insects and forms sclerotia within the insect remains, establishing insect-microbe complexes. Here, C. militaris sclerotia samples from a single location in China over a 5-year period were subjected to high-throughput DNA sequencing, and the core microbes (which were stably enriched in the sclerotia over the 5 years) were identified. Next, seven bacterial strains were isolated from the C. militaris sclerotia, their biochemical characteristics were assessed, and they were co-cultured with C. militaris to study their effects on C. militaris metabolite production and biomass. Furthermore, the effects of NH4, NO3, and peptone media on C. militaris were compared. The results showed that Rhodococcus, Phyllobacterium, Pseudomonas, Achromobacter, Ensifer, Stenotrophomonas, Sphingobacterium, Variovorax, and Acinetobacter were the core microbes. Although co-culture of C. militaris with the seven bacterial strains isolated from the sclerotia did not directly increase the cordycepin level, they all had NO3 reduction ability, and four had urea decomposition ability. Meanwhile, C. militaris in NH4 medium had an increased cordycepin level compared to C. militaris in the other two media. From this, we inferred that bacteria in the sclerotia can convert NO3 to NH4, and then cordycepin is produced using NH4, which was confirmed by RNA-seq and real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR. Thus, bacteria in the sclerotia may indirectly affect the C. militaris metabolite production by regulating nitrogen metabolism. In summary, there are stable core microbes in the C. militaris sclerotia, and they may directly and indirectly affect the growth and metabolite production of C. militaris.<br><br>IMPORTANCE: The model Cordyceps species Cordyceps militaris is rich in therapeutic compounds. It has recently been demonstrated that symbiotic microbes in sclerotia affect Cordyceps' growth, development, and secondary metabolite production. In this study, core microbes were identified based on C. militaris sclerotia samples obtained from the same site over 5 years. Additionally, bacterial strains isolated from C. militaris sclerotia were found to affect metabolite production and nitrogen utilization, based on functional tests. Moreover, based on the bacterial nitrogen metabolism capacity in the sclerotia and its influence on C. militaris metabolite production, we deduced that bacteria in the sclerotia can indirectly affect C. militaris metabolite production by regulating nitrogen metabolism. This is the first report on how bacteria in the sclerotia affect C. militaris metabolite production from the perspective of the nitrogen cycle. The results increase our understanding of microbial functions in C. militaris sclerotia.},
}
@article {pmid39162402,
year = {2024},
author = {Singh, R},
title = {NF-YC3: The master regulator of tomato- arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiotic symphony.},
journal = {Plant physiology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/plphys/kiae435},
pmid = {39162402},
issn = {1532-2548},
}
@article {pmid39162262,
year = {2024},
author = {Liu, M and Li, Q and Xu, W and Wang, L and Wu, F and Tan, L and Li, L and Zhang, G},
title = {Characterization of water microbiota and their relationship with resident oysters during an oyster mortality event.},
journal = {Microbiology spectrum},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e0288123},
doi = {10.1128/spectrum.02881-23},
pmid = {39162262},
issn = {2165-0497},
abstract = {Microorganisms are vital for the health of marine invertebrates, and their assembly is driven by both deterministic and stochastic factors that regulate residents (innate to the host) and transients (from ambient water). However, the role of water microbiota and the significance of deterministic and stochastic processes in aquatic hosts facing mortality threats are largely unknown. This study examines the shifts in water microbiota during an oyster mortality event using amplicon sequencing and compared with those of resident oysters to disentangle the balance of the deterministic and stochastic factors involved. Water temperature and dissolved oxygen significantly shape the microbial community with a distinct monthly pattern, and Cyanobacteria blooms might exacerbate oyster mortality. The comparative analysis of microbial communities in oysters and water revealed that ≤ 21% of the genera were shared between oysters and water, implying that water microbiota cannot easily transfer into oysters. Furthermore, these shared genera had different functions, with oysters more involved in promoting host digestion and nutrient acquisition and water bacteria enriched more in functions promoting their own growth and survival. These findings illustrate that oysters may possess specific selection or barrier mechanisms that permit a small percentage of transients, controlled by stochastic factors and having a minimal effect on oyster mortality, to enter, whereas the majority of oyster microbiota are residents governed by deterministic factors. Consequently, oysters exhibit some plasticity in their symbiotic microbiota, enabling them to maintain microbial homeostasis and adapt to complex microbial surroundings. This may be a shared mechanism among marine invertebrates for survival in complex marine environments.IMPORTANCEPacific oysters are widely cultured and play vital ecological roles. However, the summer mortality hinders sustainable oyster farming. Untangling causative mechanisms of oyster mortality is a complex task due to the intricate "interactome" involving environmental factors, hosts, and pathogens. Interactions between hosts and microorganisms offer an ideal avenue for investigating the truth. We systematically investigated the microbial community in water and resident oysters during a summer mortality event and proposed that the assembly of oyster microbiota is primarily governed by deterministic processes independent of mortality. Pathogens mainly originate from resident members of the oyster microbiota, with a limited influence from the microbial community in the water. Additionally, environmental degraders, such as Cyanobacteria blooms, cannot be overlooked as a contributing factor of oyster mortality. This study evaluated the weight of deterministic and stochastic factors in microbial assembly during an oyster mortality event and greatly broadened our understanding of the "interactome" through the interaction between oysters and water in microbiota.},
}
@article {pmid39160162,
year = {2024},
author = {Betz, R and Heidt, S and Figueira-Galán, D and Hartmann, M and Langner, T and Requena, N},
title = {Alternative splicing regulation in plants by SP7-like effectors from symbiotic arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi.},
journal = {Nature communications},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {7107},
pmid = {39160162},
issn = {2041-1723},
mesh = {*Mycorrhizae/physiology/genetics ; *Symbiosis/genetics ; *Alternative Splicing ; *Arabidopsis/microbiology/genetics ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Fungal Proteins/metabolism/genetics ; Plant Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Glomeromycota/physiology/genetics ; RNA, Messenger/metabolism/genetics ; },
abstract = {Most plants in natural ecosystems associate with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi to survive soil nutrient limitations. To engage in symbiosis, AM fungi secrete effector molecules that, similar to pathogenic effectors, reprogram plant cells. Here we show that the Glomeromycotina-specific SP7 effector family impacts on the alternative splicing program of their hosts. SP7-like effectors localize at nuclear condensates and interact with the plant mRNA processing machinery, most prominently with the splicing factor SR45 and the core splicing proteins U1-70K and U2AF35. Ectopic expression of these effectors in the crop plant potato and in Arabidopsis induced developmental changes that paralleled to the alternative splicing modulation of a specific subset of genes. We propose that SP7-like proteins act as negative regulators of SR45 to modulate the fate of specific mRNAs in arbuscule-containing cells. Unraveling the communication mechanisms between symbiotic fungi and their host plants will help to identify targets to improve plant nutrition.},
}
@article {pmid39159809,
year = {2024},
author = {Souza Bombaça, AC and Caminha, MA and Chaves Barbosa, JM and Pedra-Rezende, Y and Ennes-Vidal, V and Flor Brunoro, GV and Archanjo, BS and Masini d'Avila, C and Valente, RH and Sadok Menna-Barreto, RF},
title = {Heme metabolism in Strigomonas culicis: Implications of H2O2 resistance induction and symbiont elimination.},
journal = {The Journal of biological chemistry},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {107692},
doi = {10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107692},
pmid = {39159809},
issn = {1083-351X},
abstract = {Monoxenous trypanosomatid Strigomonas culicis harbors an endosymbiotic bacterium, which enables the protozoa to survive without heme supplementation. The impact of H2O2 resistance and symbiont elimination on intracellular heme and Fe[2+] availability was analyzed through a comparison of wild-type (WT) strain with both wild-type H2O2-resistant (WTR) and aposymbiotic (Apo) protozoa. The relative quantification of the heme biosynthetic pathway through label-free parallel reaction monitoring targeted mass spectrometry (PRM-MS) revealed that H2O2 resistance does not influence the abundance of tryptic peptides. However, the Apo strain showed increased coproporphyrinogen III oxidase and ferrochelatase levels. A putative ferrous iron transporter, homologous to LIT1 and TcIT from Leishmania major and Trypanosoma cruzi, was identified for the first time. Label-free PRM-MS also showed that S. culicis Iron Transporter (ScIT) increased 1.6- and 16.4-fold in WTR and Apo strains compared to WT. Accordingly, antibody-mediated blockage of ScIT decreased by 28.0% and 40.0% intracellular Fe[2+]concentration in both WTR and Apo strains, whereas no effect was detected in WT. In a heme-depleted medium, adding 10 μM hemin decreased ScIT transcript levels in Apo, whereas 10 μM PPIX, the substrate of ferrochelatase, increased intracellular Fe[2+] concentration and ferric iron reduction. Overall, the data suggest mechanisms dependent on de novo heme synthesis (and its substrates) in the Apo strain to overcome reduced heme availability. Given the importance of heme and Fe[2+] as cofactors in metabolic pathways, including oxidative phosphorylation and antioxidant systems, this study provides novel mechanistic insights associated with H2O2 resistance in S. culicis.},
}
@article {pmid39159004,
year = {2024},
author = {Bhola, S and Park, EJ and Lee, HJ},
title = {Insect-derived extracts and peptides in neuroprotection.},
journal = {Nutritional neuroscience},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-9},
doi = {10.1080/1028415X.2024.2392410},
pmid = {39159004},
issn = {1476-8305},
abstract = {Throughout history, various cultures have recognized the significance of insects and have integrated them into traditional medicinal practices. In addition to medicines, insects are garnering attention as a sustainable and nutritious dietary alternative. Although edible insects have long been recognized as food sources in many Asian cultures, recent scientific studies have highlighted their potential therapeutic benefits, particularly in the field of neuroprotection. This review explores insect-derived extracts and peptides, elucidating their neuroprotective potential. This review highlights the potential use of insects as a source of neuroprotective agents. Advancements in neuroprotection may find a key ally in insects as our understanding of the symbiotic relationship between insects and human health becomes more profound.},
}
@article {pmid39158665,
year = {2024},
author = {Graham, GJ and Ibanez, EM and Mitchell, LJ and Weis, KE and Raetzman, LT and Cortesi, F and Rhodes, JS},
title = {Generation of the First Transgenic Line of the Iconic Coral Reef Fish Amphiprion ocellaris.},
journal = {Marine biotechnology (New York, N.Y.)},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {39158665},
issn = {1436-2236},
abstract = {The common clownfish, Amphiprion ocellaris, is an iconic coral reef fish, ubiquitous in the marine aquarium hobby and useful for studying a variety of biological processes (e.g., mutual symbiosis, ultraviolet vision, and protandrous sex change). Recently, CRISPR/Cas9 methods were developed for knocking out specific genes for mechanistic studies. Here, we expand the genetic toolkit for A. ocellaris by creating the first transgenic line using the Tol2 transposon system. Fertilized eggs were co-injected with Tol2 transposase mRNA and a plasmid encoding an elongation factor-1α (Ef1α): green fluorescent protein (GFP) cassette at various concentrations, needle tip dimensions, and timepoints post-fertilization. We compared various injection parameters and sterilization methods to maximize the survival of injected eggs. F0s (n = 10) that were genotyped GFP + were then raised to 6 months of age and crossed with wild-type (WT) females to confirm germline transmission. F1 offspring were also raised and crossed in the same manner. The highly efficient Tol2 transposon system resulted in a 37% rate of transgenesis for surviving eggs amounting to a 2.7% yield of all injected eggs surviving and being GFP + (n = 160). Of these, 10 were raised to adulthood, 8 spawned, and 5/8 (62.5%) produced GFP + offspring. Further, two F1s crossed with WT females produced 54.2% and 44.6% GFP + offspring respectively, confirming the creation of a stable line. This is, to our knowledge, the first generation of a transgenic line in any coral reef fish. The ability to express transgenes of interest in the iconic anemonefish opens the door to a new era of exploration into their fascinating biology.},
}
@article {pmid39158294,
year = {2024},
author = {Baker, BJ and Hyde, E and Leão, P},
title = {Nature should be the model for microbial sciences.},
journal = {Journal of bacteriology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e0022824},
doi = {10.1128/jb.00228-24},
pmid = {39158294},
issn = {1098-5530},
abstract = {Until recently, microbiologists have relied on cultures to understand the microbial world. As a result, model organisms have been the focus of research into understanding Bacteria and Archaea at a molecular level. Diversity surveys and metagenomic sequencing have revealed that these model species are often present in low abundance in the environment; instead, there are microbial taxa that are cosmopolitan in nature. Due to the numerical dominance of these microorganisms and the size of their habitats, these lineages comprise mind-boggling population sizes upward of 10[28] cells on the planet. Many of these dominant groups have cultured representatives and have been shown to be involved in mediating key processes in nature. Given their importance and the increasing need to understand changes due to climate change, we propose that members of Nitrosophaerota (Nitrosopumilus maritimus), SAR11 (Pelagibacter ubique), Hadesarchaeia, Bathyarchaeia, and others become models in the future. Abundance should not be the only measure of a good model system; there are other organisms that are well suited to advance our understanding of ecology and evolution. For example, the most well-studied symbiotic bacteria, like Buchnera, Aliivibrio, and Rhizobium, should be models for understanding host-associations. Also, there are organisms that hold new insights into major transitions in the evolution of life on the planet like the Asgard Archaea (Heimdallarchaeia). Innovations in a variety of in situ techniques have enabled us to circumvent culturing when studying everything from genetics to physiology. Our deepest understanding of microbiology and its impact on the planet will come from studying these microbes in nature. Laboratory-based studies must be grounded in nature, not the other way around.},
}
@article {pmid39158277,
year = {2024},
author = {Cabirol, A and Chhun, A and Liberti, J and Kesner, L and Neuschwander, N and Schaerli, Y and Engel, P},
title = {Fecal transplant allows transmission of the gut microbiota in honey bees.},
journal = {mSphere},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e0026224},
doi = {10.1128/msphere.00262-24},
pmid = {39158277},
issn = {2379-5042},
abstract = {UNLABELLED: The study of the fecal microbiota is crucial for unraveling the pathways through which gut symbionts are acquired and transmitted. While stable gut microbial communities are essential for honey bee health, their modes of acquisition and transmission are yet to be confirmed. The gut of honey bees is colonized by symbiotic bacteria within 5 days after emergence from their wax cells as adults. Few studies have suggested that bees could be colonized in part via contact with fecal matter in the hive. However, the composition of the fecal microbiota is still unknown. It is particularly unclear whether all bacterial species can be found viable in the feces and can therefore be transmitted to newborn nestmates. Using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, we revealed that the composition of the honey bee fecal microbiota is strikingly similar to the microbiota of entire guts. We found that fecal transplantation resulted in gut microbial communities similar to those obtained from feeding gut homogenates. Our study shows that fecal sampling and transplantation are viable tools for the non-invasive analysis of bacterial community composition and host-microbe interactions. It also implies that contact of young bees with fecal matter in the hive is a plausible route for gut microbiota acquisition.<br><br>IMPORTANCE: Honey bees are crucial pollinators for many crops and wildflowers. They are also powerful models for studying microbiome-host interactions. However, current methods rely on gut tissue disruption to analyze microbiota composition and use gut homogenates to inoculate microbiota-deprived bees. Here, we provide two new and non-invasive approaches that will open doors to longitudinal studies: fecal sampling and transplantation. Furthermore, our findings provide insights into gut microbiota transmission in social insects by showing that ingestion of fecal matter can result in gut microbiota acquisition.},
}
@article {pmid39157329,
year = {2024},
author = {Meresa, BK and Ayimut, KM and Weldemichael, MY and Geberemedhin, KH and Kassegn, HH and Geberemikael, BA and Egigu, EM},
title = {Carbohydrate elicitor-induced plant immunity: Advances and prospects.},
journal = {Heliyon},
volume = {10},
number = {15},
pages = {e34871},
pmid = {39157329},
issn = {2405-8440},
abstract = {The perceived negative impacts of synthetic agrochemicals gave way to alternative, biological plant protection strategies. The deployment of induced resistance, comprising boosting the natural defense responses of plants, is one of those. Plants developed multi-component defense mechanisms to defend themselves against biotic and abiotic stresses. These are activated upon recognition of stress signatures via membrane-localized receptors. The induced immune responses enable plants to tolerate and limit the impact of stresses. A systemic cascade of signals enables plants to prime un-damaged tissues, which is crucial during secondary encounters with stress. Comparable stress tolerance mechanisms can be induced in plants by the application of carbohydrate elicitors such as chitin/chitosan, β-1,3-glucans, oligogalacturonides, cellodextrins, xyloglucans, alginates, ulvans, and carrageenans. Treating plants with carbohydrate-derived elicitors enable the plants to develop resistance appliances against diverse stresses. Some carbohydrates are also known to have been involved in promoting symbiotic signaling. Here, we review recent progresses on plant resistance elicitation effect of various carbohydrate elicitors and the molecular mechanisms of plant cell perception, cascade signals, and responses to cascaded cues. Besides, the molecular mechanisms used by plants to distinguish carbohydrate-induced immunity signals from symbiotic signals are discussed. The structure-activity relationships of the carbohydrate elicitors are also described. Furthermore, we forwarded future research outlooks that might increase the utilization of carbohydrate elicitors in agriculture in order to improve the efficacy of plant protection strategies.},
}
@article {pmid39157142,
year = {2024},
author = {Luo, L and Jiang, X and Zhu, C and Sun, S and Li, D and Shen, Y and Xie, F},
title = {Mechanisms of Crustal-Mantle Material and Energy Exchanges: Impacts on Hydrocarbon and Geothermal Resources.},
journal = {ACS omega},
volume = {9},
number = {32},
pages = {34743-34753},
pmid = {39157142},
issn = {2470-1343},
abstract = {The exchange of matter and energy between crust and mantle significantly influences the formation and development of oil, gas, and geothermal resources. Understanding how these exchanges impact these resources is crucial in geological science. In many oil-rich basins in China, significant accumulations of H2, CO2, geothermal energy, and other associated resources linked to deep mantle materials or geological processes have been discovered. Therefore, investigating the effects of crust-mantle material and energy exchanges on these resources is of utmost importance. This paper aims to systematically analyze the effects of mantle materials (e.g., H2, CO2, catalytic elements) and energy upwelling into basins. It synthesizes the impacts of various organic-inorganic interactions on hydrocarbon generation, evolution of organic source rocks, reservoir development, and the formation and accumulation of oil and gas. Finally, it proposes a mechanism detailing how interactions between mantle matter and energy influence specific resources. Simultaneously, this study employs numerical simulations to uncover the specific impact of magma intrusions on the geothermal field of surrounding rock formations. It demonstrates that magma chambers, continuously supplied with mantle energy, create regional thermal anomalies and facilitate the development of high-temperature geothermal resources. This underscores that mantle materials and energy not only significantly influence the generation of oil and gas but also govern the formation of geothermal resources and the evolution of thermal reservoirs. This research provides a theoretical foundation for understanding the subsequent formation of oil and gas resources under the influence of deep geological processes. Moreover, it furnishes a scientific basis for evaluating and exploring the symbiotic relationship between oil and gas resources and geothermal reservoirs.},
}
@article {pmid39155340,
year = {2024},
author = {André, BLO and Montoya, QV and Martiarena, MJS and Rodrigues, A},
title = {Culture-dependent methods revel the diversity of endophytic fungi of Psidium cattleianum leaves (Myrtales: Myrtaceae).},
journal = {Brazilian journal of microbiology : [publication of the Brazilian Society for Microbiology]},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {39155340},
issn = {1678-4405},
support = {137247/2021-4//Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient&#xed;fico e Tecnol&#xf3;gico/ ; 305469/2022-3//Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient&#xed;fico e Tecnol&#xf3;gico/ ; 2019/03746-0//Funda&#xe7;&#xe3;o de Amparo &#xe0; Pesquisa do Estado de S&#xe3;o Paulo/ ; 2021/04706-1//Funda&#xe7;&#xe3;o de Amparo &#xe0; Pesquisa do Estado de S&#xe3;o Paulo/ ; },
abstract = {Endophytic fungi are a diverse group of microorganisms that reside within plant tissues and play a crucial ecological role in the development of their hosts. Psidium cattleianum (Myrtales: Myrtaceae: 'Cattley guava') is a Brazilian native species with economic potential due to the diverse applications of its fruits, wood, and essential oils. Despite their significance, the diversity of endophytic fungi associated with P. cattleianum remains unexplored. Here, we investigated the diversity of endophytic fungi in the leaves of this plant using cultivation-dependent isolation methods, analysis of the macroscopic characters of the isolates, and phylogenetic analyses employing the ITS barcode marker. A total of 396 isolates, classified into 25 fungal taxa, were obtained, namely, Alternaria, Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Colletotrichum, Coprinellus, Coriolopsis, Diaporthe, Induratia, Mycosphaerella, Muyocoprom, Myrmecridium, Neofusicoccum, Pantospora, Paracamarosporium, Parapallidocercospora, Paraphaeosphaeria, Penicillium, Perenniporia, Phaeophleospora, Phyllosticta, Pseudofusicoccum, Talaromyces, Xylaria, Sordariomycetes, and Xylariomycetes. Our findings reveal a significant diversity of fungi associated with P. cattleianum leaves; however, our study suggests an even greater diversity of fungi associated with this plant species. Interestingly, although P. cattleianum shares endophytic fungi with other plants in the Myrtaceae family, this plant species harbors a unique fungal community. This distinction is evidenced by certain fungal genera and seven potentially new phylogenetic species, isolated in this study.},
}
@article {pmid39154998,
year = {2024},
author = {Hou, N and Yang, X and Wang, W and Sardans, J and Yin, X and Jiang, F and Song, Z and Li, Z and Tian, J and Ding, X and Zhou, J and Tarig, A and Peñuelas, J},
title = {Mangrove wetland recovery enhances soil carbon sequestration capacity of soil aggregates and microbial network stability in southeastern China.},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {175586},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175586},
pmid = {39154998},
issn = {1879-1026},
abstract = {Mangrove wetlands are highly productive ecosystems in tropical and subtropical coastal zones, play crucial roles in water purification, biodiversity maintenance, and carbon sequestration. Recent years have seen the implementation of pond return initiatives, which have facilitated the gradual recovery of mangrove areas in China. However, the implications of these initiatives for soil aggregate stability, microbial community structure, and network interactions remain unclear. This study assesses the impacts of converting ponds to mangroves-both in natural and artificially restored settings-on soil aggregate stability and microbial networks at typical mangrove restoration sites along China's southeastern coast. Our observations confirmed our hypothesis that pond-to-mangrove conversions resulted in an increase in the proportion of large aggregates (>0.25 mm), improved soil aggregate structural stability, and increased carbon sequestration. However, mangrove recovery led to a decrease in the abundance and diversity of soil fungi communities. In terms of co-occurrence networks, naturally restored mangrove wetlands exhibited more nodes and edges. The naturally recovered mangrove wetlands demonstrated a higher level of community symbiosis compared to those that were manually restored. Conversely, bacterial networks showed a different pattern, with significant shifts in key taxa related to carbon sequestration functions. For instance, the proportion of bacterial Desulfobacterota and fungi Basidiomycota in natural recovery mangrove increased by 15.03 % and 7.82 %, respectively, compared with that in aquaculture ponds. Soil fungi and bacteria communities, as well as carbon sequestration by aggregates, were all positively correlated with soil total carbon content (P < 0.05). Both bacterial and fungal communities contributed to soil aggregate stability. Our study highlights the complex relationships between soil microbial communities, aggregate stability, and the carbon cycle before and after land-use changes. These findings underscore the potential benefits of restoring mangrove wetlands, as such efforts can enhance carbon storage capacity and significantly contribute to climate change mitigation.},
}
@article {pmid39154166,
year = {2024},
author = {Somoza, SC and Bonfante, P and Giovannetti, M},
title = {Breaking barriers: improving time and space resolution of arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis with single-cell sequencing approaches.},
journal = {Biology direct},
volume = {19},
number = {1},
pages = {67},
pmid = {39154166},
issn = {1745-6150},
support = {2021 STARS Grants@Unipd programme P-NICHE//European Union - NextGenerationEU/ ; PRIN PNRR prot. P2022WL8TS//European Union - NextGenerationEU/ ; Progetti di Ricerca Dipartimentali - PRID grant no. BIRD214519//Universit&#xe0; degli Studi di Padova/ ; Ricerca Locale 2023//Universit&#xe0; degli Studi di Torino/ ; },
mesh = {*Mycorrhizae/physiology/genetics ; *Symbiosis ; *Single-Cell Analysis/methods ; Sequence Analysis, RNA/methods ; Transcriptome ; },
abstract = {The cell and molecular bases of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis, a crucial plant-fungal interaction for nutrient acquisition, have been extensively investigated by coupling traditional RNA sequencing techniques of roots sampled in bulk, with methods to capture subsets of cells such as laser microdissection. These approaches have revealed central regulators of this complex relationship, yet the requisite level of detail to effectively untangle the intricacies of temporal and spatial development remains elusive.The recent adoption of single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) techniques in plant research is revolutionizing our ability to dissect the intricate transcriptional profiles of plant-microbe interactions, offering unparalleled insights into the diversity and dynamics of individual cells during symbiosis. The isolation of plant cells is particularly challenging due to the presence of cell walls, leading plant researchers to widely adopt nuclei isolation methods. Despite the increased resolution that single-cell analyses offer, it also comes at the cost of spatial perspective, hence, it is necessary the integration of these approaches with spatial transcriptomics to obtain a comprehensive overview.To date, few single-cell studies on plant-microbe interactions have been published, most of which provide high-resolution cell atlases that will become crucial for fully deciphering symbiotic interactions and addressing future questions. In AM symbiosis research, key processes such as the mutual recognition of partners during arbuscule development within cortical cells, or arbuscule senescence and degeneration, remain poorly understood, and these advancements are expected to shed light on these processes and contribute to a deeper understanding of this plant-fungal interaction.},
}
@article {pmid39153323,
year = {2024},
author = {Ma, Y and Li, P and Zhang, Y and Guo, X and Song, Y and Yake Zhang, and Guo, Q and Li, H and Wang, Y and Wan, J},
title = {Characteristics and performance of algal-bacterial granular sludge in photo-sequencing batch reactors under various substrate loading rates.},
journal = {Journal of environmental management},
volume = {368},
number = {},
pages = {122216},
doi = {10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.122216},
pmid = {39153323},
issn = {1095-8630},
abstract = {The algae-bacterial granular sludge (ABGS) technology has garnered significant attention due to its remarkable attributes of low carbon emissions. To investigate the performance of the ABGS system under various substrate loading rates, the parallel photo-sequencing batch reactors (P1 and P2) were set up. The results indicated that chlorophyll-a content and extracellular polymeric substance content were measured at 10.7 ± 0.3 mg/L and 61.4 ± 0.7 mg/g SS in P1 under relatively low substrate loading rate (0.9 kg COD/m[3]/d and 0.09 kg N/m[3]/d). Moreover, kinetic study revealed that the maximal specific P uptake rate for P1 reached 0.21 mg P/g SS/h under light conditions, and it achieved 0.078 mg P/g SS/h under dark conditions, highlighting the significant role on phosphorus removal played by algae in the ABGS system. The microbial analysis and scanning electron microscopy confirmed that filamentous algae predominantly colonize the surface in P1, whereas spherical bacteria dominate the surface of granular sludge in P2. Additionally, a diverse array of microorganisms including bacteria, algae, and metazoa such as Rotifers and Nematodes were observed in both systems, providing evidence for the establishment of a symbiotic system. This study not only confirmed the ability of ABGS for efficient N and P removal under different substrate loading conditions but also highlighted its potential to enhance the ecological diversity of the reaction system.},
}
@article {pmid39152508,
year = {2024},
author = {Alhamood, M and Abbass, A and Hasn, R},
title = {Virtual reality: a game-changer in the diagnosis and surgical planning of astrocytoma grade III: a case report.},
journal = {Journal of medical case reports},
volume = {18},
number = {1},
pages = {388},
pmid = {39152508},
issn = {1752-1947},
mesh = {Humans ; Adult ; Male ; *Astrocytoma/surgery/diagnostic imaging/diagnosis ; *Virtual Reality ; *Brain Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging/surgery ; *Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Neurosurgical Procedures/methods ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: In the dynamic realm of modern medicine, the advent of virtual reality technology heralds a transformative era, reshaping the contours of diagnosis and surgical planning with its immersive prowess. This study delves into the groundbreaking application of virtual reality in the intricate dance of neurosurgery, particularly spotlighting its role in the management of astrocytoma grade III-a cerebral challenge of significant complexity.<br><br>CASE PRESENTATION: A 30-year-old Middle Eastern man from Syria grappled with the invisible tendrils of pain, manifesting as persistent headaches and a numbing sensation that crept into his neck and extremities. For two relentless months, the morning sun brought not hope but an intensification of his agony, rendering him unable to partake in the daily dance of life. The usual sentinels of relief, analgesic drugs, stood defeated, offering no respite. The neurological examination was normal, there were no pathological findings on sensory and motor examination, and he exhibited normal reflexes and neither meningeal nor cerebellar signs. He showed a family history of breast cancer. The initial foray into the enigmatic depths of his brain via computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging imaging unveiled a finding in the right temporal lobe, a lesion that suggested something more sinister. Previous medical interventions included analgesic medications prescribed for persistent headaches, but they offered no relief. No other therapeutic interventions were administered prior to the current diagnosis. It was here that virtual reality technology emerged not as a mere tool but as a beacon of precision, casting a three-dimensional light on the shadowy intruder. This technological marvel allowed for meticulous measurement 21.8&#x2009;&#xd7;&#x2009;14.5&#xa0;mm and localization within the temporal theater, setting the stage for what was to come. With the path laid clear, the patient embarked on a surgical odyssey, a quest to excise the unwelcome guest. The operation was a triumph, a testament to human ingenuity and the symbiotic relationship between flesh and machine. The postoperative verdict was delivered through the lens of histopathology, confirming the presence of an astrocytoma grade III, a cerebral interloper known for its rapid proliferation. The battle, however, was far from over. Complementary radiotherapy and chemotherapy were enlisted as allies in this ongoing war, their potent forces working in concert to stave off the cellular insurgence. The patient's journey through the healing arts was charted by periodic clinical and neurological examinations, with laboratory tests and the vigilant gaze of brain magnetic resonance imaging ensuring a watchful eye was kept on any potential resurgence.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: In this narrative of resilience and technological prowess, we witness the harmonious fusion of human touch and digital precision, a partnership that redefines the boundaries of medicine and the art of healing, by use of virtual reality technology in the diagnosis of astrocytoma and enhancing the accuracy, effectiveness, and safety of neurosurgical procedures, which can ultimately benefit patients with brain tumors.},
}
@article {pmid39152123,
year = {2024},
author = {Johnson, MD and Shepherd, DC and Sakai, HD and Mudaliyar, M and Pandurangan, AP and Short, FL and Veith, PD and Scott, NE and Kurosawa, N and Ghosal, D},
title = {Cell-to-cell interactions revealed by cryo-tomography of a DPANN co-culture system.},
journal = {Nature communications},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {7066},
pmid = {39152123},
issn = {2041-1723},
support = {APP1196924//Department of Health | National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC)/ ; RGEC33/2023//Human Frontier Science Program (HFSP)/ ; 21K15153//Japan Society for the Promotion of Science London (JSPS London)/ ; FT200100270//Department of Education and Training | Australian Research Council (ARC)/ ; DP210100362//Department of Education and Training | Australian Research Council (ARC)/ ; },
mesh = {*Electron Microscope Tomography/methods ; *Cryoelectron Microscopy/methods ; *Symbiosis ; Coculture Techniques/methods ; Proteomics/methods ; Archaeal Proteins/metabolism/genetics ; Cell Communication ; Archaea/metabolism/genetics ; Nanotubes/chemistry ; },
abstract = {DPANN is a widespread and diverse group of archaea characterized by their small size, reduced genome, limited metabolic pathways, and symbiotic existence. Known DPANN species are predominantly obligate ectosymbionts that depend on their host for proliferation. The structural and molecular details of host recognition, host-DPANN intercellular communication, and host adaptation in response to DPANN attachment remain unknown. Here, we use electron cryotomography (cryo-ET) to show that the Microcaldus variisymbioticus ARM-1 may interact with its host, Metallosphaera javensis AS-7 through intercellular proteinaceous nanotubes. Combining cryo-ET and sub-tomogram averaging, we show the in situ architectures of host and DPANN S-layers and the structures of the nanotubes in their primed and extended states. In addition, comparative proteomics and genomic analyses identified host proteomic changes in response to DPANN attachment. These results provide insights into the structural basis of host-DPANN communication and deepen our understanding of the host ectosymbiotic relationships.},
}
@article {pmid39151610,
year = {2024},
author = {Janczarek, M and Adamczyk, P and Gromada, A and Polakowski, C and Wengerska, K and Bieganowski, A},
title = {Adaptation of Rhizobium leguminosarum sv. trifolii strains to low temperature stress in both free-living stage and during symbiosis with clover.},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {175554},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175554},
pmid = {39151610},
issn = {1879-1026},
abstract = {Legume-rhizobial symbiosis plays an important role in agriculture and ecological restoration. This process occurs within special new structures, called nodules, formed mainly on legume roots. Soil bacteria, commonly known as rhizobia, fix atmospheric dinitrogen, converting it into a form that can be assimilated by plants. Various environmental factors, including a low temperature, have an impact on the symbiotic efficiency. Nevertheless, the effect of temperature on the phenotypic and symbiotic traits of rhizobia has not been determined in detail to date. Therefore, in this study, the influence of temperature on different cell surface and symbiotic properties of rhizobia was estimated. In total, 31 Rhizobium leguminosarum sv. trifolii strains isolated from root nodules of red clover plants growing in the subpolar and temperate climate regions, which essentially differ in year and day temperature profiles, were chosen for this analysis. Our results showed that temperature has a significant effect on several surface properties of rhizobial cells, such as hydrophobicity, aggregation, and motility. Low temperature also stimulated EPS synthesis and biofilm formation in R. leguminosarum sv. trifolii. This extracellular polysaccharide is known to play an important protective role against different environmental stresses. The strains produced large amounts of EPS under tested temperature conditions that facilitated adherence of rhizobial cells to different surfaces. The high adaptability of these strains to cold stress was also confirmed during symbiosis. Irrespective of their climatic origin, the strains proved to be highly effective in attachment to legume roots and were efficient microsymbionts of clover plants. However, some diversity in the response to low temperature stress was found among the strains. Among them, M16 and R137 proved to be highly competitive and efficient in nodule occupancy and biomass production; thus, they can be potential yield-enhancing inoculants of legumes.},
}
@article {pmid39149922,
year = {2024},
author = {Chen, M and Zheng, Y and Zhai, X and Ma, F and Chen, J and Stevens, C and Zhang, WH and Tian, Q},
title = {Metal ions steer the duality in microbial community recovery from nitrogen enrichment by shaping functional groups.},
journal = {Global change biology},
volume = {30},
number = {8},
pages = {e17475},
doi = {10.1111/gcb.17475},
pmid = {39149922},
issn = {1365-2486},
support = {2022YFF1302800//National Key Research and Development Program of China/ ; 31830011//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 32271589//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; },
mesh = {*Nitrogen/metabolism ; *Soil Microbiology ; *Microbiota ; *Soil/chemistry ; *Bacteria/metabolism/isolation &amp; purification/classification ; *Metals/metabolism ; Fungi/physiology/metabolism ; Grassland ; Mycorrhizae/physiology ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; },
abstract = {Atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition has been substantially reduced due to declines in the reactive N emission in major regions of the world. Nevertheless, the impact of reduced N deposition on soil microbial communities and the mechanisms by which they are regulated remain largely unknown. Here, we examined the effects of N addition and cessation of N addition on plant and soil microbial communities through a 17-year field experiment in a temperate grassland. We found that extreme N input did not irreversibly disrupt the ecosystem, but ceasing high levels of N addition led to greater resilience in bacterial and fungal communities. Fungi exhibited diminished resilience compared to bacteria due to their heightened reliance on changes in plant communities. Neither bacterial nor fungal diversity fully recovered to their original states. Their sensitivity and resilience were mainly steered by toxic metal ions and soil pH differentially regulating on functional taxa. Specifically, beneficial symbiotic microbes such as N-fixing bacteria and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi experienced detrimental effects from toxic metal ions and lower pH, hindering their recovery. The bacterial functional groups involved in carbon decomposition, and ericoid mycorrhizal and saprotrophic fungi were positively influenced by soil metals, and demonstrated gradual recovery. These findings could advance our mechanistic understanding of microbial community dynamics under ongoing global changes, thereby informing management strategies to mitigate the adverse effects of N enrichment on soil function.},
}
@article {pmid39149748,
year = {2024},
author = {Kambale, M and Jadhav, SJ},
title = {Incidence of post-dural lumbar puncture headache (PDLPH) in comparison between emergency and elective lower segment cesarean section (LSCS) with 26G Quincke-Babcock cutting-beveled spinal needle.},
journal = {Saudi journal of anaesthesia},
volume = {18},
number = {3},
pages = {338-345},
pmid = {39149748},
issn = {1658-354X},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: C-section is usually performed under spinal anesthesia also known as a subarachnoid block (SAB) over general anesthesia. Because of the lesser amount of dose used, there is a lower risk of local anesthetic toxicity and minimal transfer of drugs to the fetus. Obstetric patients have a higher risk of having post-dural puncture headache (PDPH). PDPH occurs due to leakage of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) through the hole created by a spinal needle. There are many elements affecting the frequency of PDPH, these elements can also consist of age, female sex, needle size, and types, pregnancy, preceding records of PDPH, median-paramedian distinction in approach, a puncture level. PDPH is commonly in the form of a frontal, occipital, or retro-orbital headache that starts in 12-72 h after the dural puncture and will increase when standing and decrease when lying down or resting. We aimed to learn about headache frequency between elective and emergency lower segment cesarean section using 26-G Quincke spinal needle in full-term pregnant patients.<br><br>OBJECTIVES: To study the incidence of PDPH using the 26G Quincke spinal needle. To analyze the causal factors/determinants such as adequate preloading of fluids, size of spinal needle, number of pricks, and technique of lumbar puncture effects on the incidence of PDPH.<br><br>METHODOLOGY: This study is a prospective questionnaire-based comparative observational study using the convenience sampling method. The patients were interviewed with a structured questionnaire at the Symbiosis University Hospital and Research Centre, Lavale, Pune. The patients observed for the study were between 20 and 40 of age group, posted for emergency or elective lower segment cesarean section, with body mass index (BMI) less than 14.5 to 24.9 and with ASA I and II grades. Patients with any comorbidities, recurrent headaches, obesity, and spine deformity were excluded. According to the review of the literature and with the help of a formula, the sample size was calculated as 20; 10 patients for elective LSCS, and 10 patients for emergency LSCS.<br><br>RESULTS: Out of 20 patients, 10 patients were posted for elective LSCS, and the rest 10 patients were for emergency LSCS under spinal anesthesia. The incidence of PDPH was found only in 2 out of 10 emergency LSCS patients, and no patients from elective LSCS cases showed up with the incidence of PDPH.},
}
@article {pmid39148142,
year = {2024},
author = {Martínez-Renau, E and Martín-Platero, AM and Bodawatta, KH and Martín-Vivaldi, M and Martínez-Bueno, M and Poulsen, M and Soler, JJ},
title = {Social environment influences microbiota and potentially pathogenic bacterial communities on the skin of developing birds.},
journal = {Animal microbiome},
volume = {6},
number = {1},
pages = {47},
pmid = {39148142},
issn = {2524-4671},
support = {PRE2018-085378//Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci&#xf3;n/ ; CGL2017-83103-P//Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci&#xf3;n/ ; CGL2017-83103-P//European Regional Development Fund/ ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Animal bacterial symbionts are established early in life, either through vertical transmission and/or by horizontal transmission from both the physical and the social environment, such as direct contact with con- or heterospecifics. The social environment particularly can influence the acquisition of both mutualistic and pathogenic bacteria, with consequences for the stability of symbiotic communities. However, segregating the effects of the shared physical environment from those of the social interactions is challenging, limiting our current knowledge on the role of the social environment in structuring bacterial communities in wild animals. Here, we take advantage of the avian brood-parasite system of Eurasian magpies (Pica pica) and great spotted cuckoos (Clamator glandarius) to explore how the interspecific social environment (magpie nestlings developing with or without heterospecifics) affects bacterial communities on uropygial gland skin.<br><br>RESULTS: We demonstrated interspecific differences in bacterial community compositions in members of the two species when growing up in monospecific nests. However, the bacterial community of magpies in heterospecific nests was richer, more diverse, and more similar to their cuckoo nest-mates than when growing up in monospecific nests. These patterns were alike for the subset of microbes that could be considered core, but when looking at the subset of potentially pathogenic bacterial genera, cuckoo presence reduced the relative abundance of potentially pathogenic bacterial genera on magpies.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Our findings highlight the role of social interactions in shaping the assembly of the avian skin bacterial communities during the nestling period, as exemplified in a brood parasite-host system.},
}
@article {pmid39148012,
year = {2024},
author = {Chien, CC and Tien, SY and Yang, SY and Lee, CR},
title = {The costs and benefits of symbiotic interactions: variable effects of rhizobia and arbuscular mycorrhizae on Vigna radiata accessions.},
journal = {BMC plant biology},
volume = {24},
number = {1},
pages = {780},
pmid = {39148012},
issn = {1471-2229},
mesh = {*Mycorrhizae/physiology ; *Symbiosis ; *Vigna/microbiology/genetics/physiology ; *Rhizobium/physiology ; Root Nodules, Plant/microbiology/genetics/physiology ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The symbiosis among plants, rhizobia, and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) is one of the most well-known symbiotic relationships in nature. However, it is still unclear how bilateral/tripartite symbiosis works under resource-limited conditions and the diverse genetic backgrounds of the host.<br><br>RESULTS: Using a full factorial design, we manipulated mungbean accessions/subspecies, rhizobia, and AMF to test their effects on each other. Rhizobia functions as a typical facilitator by increasing plant nitrogen content, plant weight, chlorophyll content, and AMF colonization. In contrast, AMF resulted in a tradeoff in plants (reducing biomass for phosphorus acquisition) and behaved as a competitor in reducing rhizobia fitness (nodule weight). Plant genotype did not have a significant effect on AMF fitness, but different mungbean accessions had distinct rhizobia affinities. In contrast to previous studies, the positive relationship between plant and rhizobia fitness was attenuated in the presence of AMF, with wild mungbean being more responsive to the beneficial effect of rhizobia and attenuation by AMF.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: We showed that this complex tripartite relationship does not unconditionally benefit all parties. Moreover, rhizobia species and host genetic background affect the symbiotic relationship significantly. This study provides a new opportunity to re-evaluate the relationships between legume plants and their symbiotic partners.},
}
@article {pmid39146911,
year = {2024},
author = {Avilés-Cárdenas, JD and Molinero-Rosales, N and Pérez-Tienda, J and Rosas-Díaz, T and Castillo, AG and García-Garrido, JM},
title = {Enhancing arbuscular mycorrhiza symbiosis effectiveness through the involvement of the tomato GRAS transcription factor SCL3/SlGRAS18.},
journal = {Plant physiology and biochemistry : PPB},
volume = {215},
number = {},
pages = {109019},
doi = {10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.109019},
pmid = {39146911},
issn = {1873-2690},
abstract = {Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi improve plant growth, nutrition, fitness and stress tolerance while AM fungi obtain carbohydrates and lipids from the host. This whole process of mutual benefit requires substantial alterations in the structural and functional aspects of the host root cells. These modifications ultimately culminate in the formation of arbuscules, which are specialized intraradical and highly branched fungal structures. Arbuscule-containing cells undergo massive reprogramming to hosting arbuscule and members of the GRAS transcription factor family have been characterized as AM inducible genes which play a pivotal role in these process. Here, we show a functional analysis for the GRAS transcription factor SCL3/SlGRAS18 in tomato. SlGRAS18 interacts with SlDELLA, a central regulator of AM formation. Silencing of SlGRAS18 positively impacts arbuscule development and the improvement in symbiotic status, favouring flowering and therefore progress in the formation and development of fruits in SlGRAS18 silenced plants which parallel to a discernible pattern of mineral nutrient redistribution in leaves. Our results advance the knowledge of GRAS transcription factors involved in the formation and establishment of AM symbiosis and provide experimental evidence for how specific genetic alterations can lead to more effective AM symbiosis.},
}
@article {pmid39146704,
year = {2024},
author = {Li, G and Wu, M and Xiao, Y and Tong, Y and Li, S and Qian, H and Zhao, T},
title = {Multi-omics reveals the ecological and biological functions of Enterococcus mundtii in the intestine of lepidopteran insects.},
journal = {Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Part D, Genomics &amp; proteomics},
volume = {52},
number = {},
pages = {101309},
doi = {10.1016/j.cbd.2024.101309},
pmid = {39146704},
issn = {1878-0407},
abstract = {Insect guts offer unique habitats for microbial colonization, with gut bacteria potentially offering numerous benefits to their hosts. Although Enterococcus has emerged as one of the predominant gut commensal bacteria in insects, its establishment in various niches within the gut has not been characterized well. In this study, Enterococcus mundtii was inoculated into the silkworm (Bombyx mori L.) to investigate its biological functions. Genome-based analysis revealed that its successful colonization is related to adherence genes (ebpA, ebpC, efaA, srtC, and scm). This bacterium did not alter the activities of related metabolic enzymes or the intestinal barrier function. However, significant changes in the gene expressions levels of Att2, CecA, and Lys suggest potential adaptive mechanisms of host immunity to symbiotic E. mundtii. Moreover, 16S metagenomics analysis revealed a significant increase in the relative abundance of E. mundtii in the intestines of silkworms following inoculation. The intestinal microbiome displayed marked heterogeneity, an elevated gut microbiome health index, a reduced microbial dysbiosis index, and low potential pathogenicity in the treatment group. Additionally, E. mundtii enhanced the breakdown of carbohydrates in host intestines. Overall, E. mundtii serves as a beneficial microbe for insects, promoting intestinal homeostasis by providing competitive advantage. This characteristic helps E. mundtii dominate complex microbial environments and remain prevalent across Lepidoptera, likely fostering long-term symbiosis between the both parties. The present study contributes to clarifying the niche of E. mundtii in the intestine of lepidopteran insects and further reveals its potential roles in their insect hosts.},
}
@article {pmid39145484,
year = {2024},
author = {Zhang, W and Zhou, Y and Qin, Y and Feng, Z and Zhu, F and Feng, G and Zhu, H and Yao, Q},
title = {Lipids Mediate Arbuscule Development and Senescence in Tomato Roots Colonized by Arbuscular Mycorrhizae Fungus under Drought Stress.},
journal = {Journal of agricultural and food chemistry},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1021/acs.jafc.4c04769},
pmid = {39145484},
issn = {1520-5118},
abstract = {Arbuscular mycorrhizae (AM) symbiosis can enhance plant resistance to drought stress (DS). This study aimed to investigate the DS effects on lipids at different stages of symbiosis and to link lipid profiles to arbuscule dynamics in tomato roots colonized by AM fungi. DS increased mycorrhizal colonization and arbuscule abundance at an early stage but decreased them at a later stage, delayed arbuscule development, and accelerated arbuscule senescence at a later stage. DS decreased the contents of phospholipids (PLs) and saturated neutral lipids (NLs) at the early stage but increased the contents of saturated PLs and unsaturated NLs at the late stage. Specifically, DS inhibited AM-specific PL contents but increased AM-specific NL contents, which was supported by the expression of RAM2, STR/STR2. These data indicate the negative effect of DS on AM symbiosis and arbuscule dynamics with the effect size depending on the symbiosis stage, which highlights the importance of the symbiosis stage under abiotic stress.},
}
@article {pmid39145188,
year = {2024},
author = {Yang, J and Li, NQ and Gao, JY},
title = {Roles of mycorrhizal fungi on seed germination of two Chinese medicinal orchids: need or do not need a fungus?.},
journal = {Frontiers in plant science},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1415401},
pmid = {39145188},
issn = {1664-462X},
abstract = {Generally, orchids highly depend on specific fungi for seed germination and subsequent seedling development in nature. For medicinal orchids, obtaining compatible fungi is prerequisite for imitation of wild cultivation and conservation. In this study, the two important traditional Chinese medicinal orchids, Pleione bulbocodioides and Bletilla striata, were studied to screen out effective fungi for seed germination and seedling development. P. bulbocodioides seeds germinated and formed protocorms in all fungal and control treatments, but seedlings only developed in fungal Serendipita officinale (SO) and S. indica (SI) treatments and nutrient-rich medium MS treatment. At 90 days after incubation, the percentages of seedlings were 34.83 ± 3.4% and 27.59 ± 3.5% in SO and SI treatments, which were significantly higher than the MS treatment (18.39 ± 2.0%; all P < 0.05). At this stage, most seedlings in SO and SI treatments bore two leaves (Stage 5), and pelotons inside the basal cells of seedlings were clearly observed. For B. striata, seeds germinated up to seedlings with or without fungus, but seedlings developed rapidly in SI treatment. At 90 days after incubation, the percentage of seedlings in SI treatment reached 77.90 ± 4.1%, but was significantly lower than the nutrient-poor medium OMA treatment (85.18 ± 3.7%; P < 0.01), however, the seedlings in SI treatment were stronger than the seedlings in OMA treatment. The results suggested that P. bulbocodioides rely on compatible fungi for seeds germinated up to seedlings, and fungus SO could effectively promote seed germination and support seedling development; while B. striata can germinate up to seedling without any fungus, but compatible fungus S. indica can greatly speed up seed germination and promote seedling development. We suggest that S. officinale and S. indica fungi can be used in conservation practices or imitation of wild cultivation of these two important medicinal orchids, respectively.},
}
@article {pmid39143390,
year = {2024},
author = {Baretić, M and de Bruijn, D},
title = {Health beyond biology: the extended health hypothesis and technology.},
journal = {Monash bioethics review},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {39143390},
issn = {1836-6716},
abstract = {There are ethical dilemmas faced by clinicians when responding to using unregistered medical devices, such as innovative internet technologies for managing type 1 diabetes mellitus. This chronic disease significantly impacts patients' health, requiring intensive daily activities like blood glucose monitoring, insulin injections, and specific dietary recommendations. Recent technological advances, including continuous glucose monitors and insulin pumps, have been shown to improve glycemic control. Di-it Yourself Artificial Pancreas Systems are emerging open-source automated delivery methods initiated by the diabetes community, although they are not clinically evaluated and present a liability challenge for healthcare providers. To use them or not? Should parents and healthcare providers use such technology that helps, but is not proven?Having all of that in mind, we argue that the World Health Organization's (WHO) definition of health is outdated, advocating for the "Extended Health Hypothesis". This hypothesis claims that health extends beyond traditional biological boundaries to include essential functional structures like diabetes-related technology, making technology a part of a patient's health. This view aligns with the "Extended Mind Hypothesis," suggesting that health should include elements beyond organic material if they are vital to a patient's functions.In the commentary, we highlight that both naturalist and normative conceptions of health support the extended health hypothesis, emphasizing that human health is not confined to organic material. This perspective raises critical questions about whether devices like insulin pumps and continuous glucose monitors are integral to a patient's health and whether their malfunction constitutes a form of disease. Devices are considered integral to health, there is no ethical dilemma in using unregistered medical devices for managing type 1 diabetes. Finally, we call for reevaluating the definitions of health and patients, particularly for children with type 1 diabetes using advanced technologies. It asserts that the optimal use of such devices represents a new form of health, creating a health-device symbiosis that should be evaluated with the child's best interests in mind.},
}
@article {pmid39142045,
year = {2024},
author = {Xu, D and Pan, C and Liu, S and Guo, J and Zheng, P and Zhang, M},
title = {Efficient alleviation granular sludge floatation in a high-rate anammox reactor by dosing folate.},
journal = {Water research},
volume = {264},
number = {},
pages = {122249},
doi = {10.1016/j.watres.2024.122249},
pmid = {39142045},
issn = {1879-2448},
abstract = {Although granular floatation has been recognized as a significant issue hindering the application of high-rate anammox biotechnology, limited knowledge is available about its causes and control strategies. This study proposed a novel control strategy by adding folate, and demonstrated its role in the granular floatation alleviation through long-term operation and granular characterizations. It was found that the floatation of anammox granular sludge was obviously relieved with the decreased sludge floatation potential by 67.1% after dosing with folate (8 mg/L) at a high nitrogen loading rate of 12.3 kg-N/(m[3]·d). Physiochemical analyses showed that the decrease of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) content (mainly protein), the alleviation of granular surface pore plugging in conjunction with the smooth discharge of generated nitrogen gas were collectively responsible for efficient floatation control. Moreover, metagenomic analysis suggested that the synergistic interactions between anammox bacteria and their symbionts were attenuated after dosing exogenous folate. Anammox bacteria would reduce their synergistic dependence on the symbionts, and decline the supply of metabolites (e.g., amino acids and carbohydrates in EPS) to symbiotic bacteria. The declined EPS excretion contributed to the alleviation of granular floatation by dredging pores blockage, thus leading to a stable system performance. The findings not only offer insights into the role of microbial interaction in granular sludge floatation, but also provide a feasible approach for controlling the floatation issue in anammox granular-based processes.},
}
@article {pmid39140702,
year = {2024},
author = {Jacott, CN and Del Cerro, P},
title = {CNGC15-DMI1 Gating in Nuclear Calcium Signaling: Opening New Questions and Closing Controversies.},
journal = {Journal of experimental botany},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/jxb/erae352},
pmid = {39140702},
issn = {1460-2431},
abstract = {Nuclear Ca[2+] signaling is crucial for symbiotic interactions between legumes and beneficial microbes, such as rhizobia and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Key to generating repetitive nuclear Ca[2+] oscillations are the ion channels DMI1 and CNGC15. Despite over 20 years of research on symbiotic nuclear Ca[2+] spiking, important questions remain, including the exact function of the DMI1 channel. This review highlights recent developments that have filled knowledge gaps regarding the regulation of CNGC15 and its interplay with DMI1. We also explore new insights into the evolutionary conservation of DMI1-induced symbiotic nuclear Ca[2+] oscillations and the roles of CNGC15 and DMI1 beyond symbiosis, such as in nitrate signaling, and discuss new questions this raises. As we delve deeper into the regulatory mechanisms and evolutionary history of these ion channels, we move closer to fully understanding the roles of nuclear Ca[2+] signaling in plant life.},
}
@article {pmid39138059,
year = {2024},
author = {Davis, KM and Parfrey, LW and Harley, CDG and Holmes, K and Schaefer, O and Gehman, AL},
title = {Epibiont communities on mussels in relation to parasitism and location in the rocky intertidal zone.},
journal = {FEMS microbiology ecology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/femsec/fiae101},
pmid = {39138059},
issn = {1574-6941},
abstract = {The factors shaping host-parasite interactions and epibiont communities in the variable rocky intertidal zone are poorly understood. California mussels, Mytilus californianus, are colonized by endolithic cyanobacterial parasites which erode the host shell. These cyanobacteria become mutualistic under certain abiotic conditions because shell erosion can protect mussels from thermal stress. How parasitic shell erosion affects or is affected by epibiotic microbial communities on mussel shells and the context dependency of these interactions is unknown. We used transplant experiments to characterize assemblages of epibiotic bacteria and endolithic parasites on mussel shells across intertidal elevation gradients. We hypothesized that living mussels, and associated epibacterial communities, could limit colonization and erosion by endolithic cyanobacteria compared to empty mussel shells. We hypothesized that shell erosion would be associated with compositional shifts in the epibacterial community and tidal elevation. We found that living mussels experienced less shell erosion than empty shells, demonstrating potential biotic regulation of endolithic parasites. Increased shell erosion was not associated with a distinct epibacterial community and was decoupled from the relative abundance of putatively endolithic taxa. Our findings suggest that epibacterial community structure is not directly impacted by the dynamic symbiosis between endolithic cyanobacteria and mussels throughout the rocky intertidal zone.},
}
@article {pmid39136552,
year = {2024},
author = {Yu, H and Xiao, A and Zou, Z and Wu, Q and Chen, L and Zhang, D and Sun, Y and Wang, C and Cao, J and Zhu, H and Zhang, Z and Cao, Y},
title = {Conserved cis-elements enable NODULES WITH ACTIVATED DEFENSE1 regulation by NODULE INCEPTION during nodulation.},
journal = {The Plant cell},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/plcell/koae229},
pmid = {39136552},
issn = {1532-298X},
abstract = {Root nodule symbiosis within nitrogen-fixing clade (NFC) plants is thought to have arisen from a single gain followed by massive losses in the genomes of ancestral non-nodulating plants. However, molecular evidence supporting this model is limited. Here, we confirm through bioinformatic analysis that NODULES WITH ACTIVATED DEFENSE1 (NAD1) is present only in NFC plants and is thus an NFC-specific gene. Moreover, NAD1 was specifically expressed in nodules. We identified three conserved nodulation-associated cis-regulatory elements (NACE1-3) in the promoter of LjNAD1 from Lotus japonicus that are required for its nodule specific expression. A survey of NFC plants revealed that NACE1 and NACE2 are specific to the Fabales and Papilionoideae, respectively, while NACE3 is present in all NFC plants. Moreover, we found that Nodule inception (NIN) directly binds to all three NACEs to activate NAD1 expression. Mutation of L. japonicus LjNAD1 resulted in the formation of abnormal symbiosomes with enlarged symbiosome space and frequent breakdown of bacteroids in nodules, resembling phenotypes reported for Medicago truncatula Mtnad1 and Mtnin mutants. These data point to NIN-NAD1 as an important module regulating rhizobial accommodation in nodules. The regulation of NAD1 by NIN in the NFC ancestor represent an important evolutionary adaptation for nodulation.},
}
@article {pmid39136489,
year = {2024},
author = {Brar, G and Floden, M and McFrederick, Q and Rajamohan, A and Yocum, G and Bowsher, J},
title = {Environmentally acquired gut-associated bacteria are not critical for growth and survival in a solitary bee, Megachile rotundata.},
journal = {Applied and environmental microbiology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e0207623},
doi = {10.1128/aem.02076-23},
pmid = {39136489},
issn = {1098-5336},
abstract = {Social bees have been extensively studied for their gut microbial functions, but the significance of the gut microbiota in solitary bees remains less explored. Solitary bee, Megachile rotundata females provision their offspring with pollen from various plant species, harboring a diverse microbial community that colonizes larvae guts. The Apilactobacillus is the most abundant microbe, but evidence concerning the effects of Apilactobacillus and other provision microbes on growth and survival are lacking. We hypothesized that the presence of Apilactobacillus in abundance would enhance larval and prepupal development, weight, and survival, while the absence of intact microbial communities was expected to have a negative impact on bee fitness. We reared larvae on pollen provisions with naturally collected microbial communities (Natural pollen) or devoid of microbial communities (Sterile pollen). We also assessed the impact of introducing Apilactobacillus micheneri by adding it to both types of pollen provisions. Feeding larvae with sterile pollen + A. micheneri led to the highest mortality rate, followed by natural pollen + A. micheneri, and sterile pollen. Larval development was significantly delayed in groups fed with sterile pollen. Interestingly, larval and prepupal weights did not significantly differ across treatments compared to natural pollen-fed larvae. 16S rRNA gene sequencing found a dominance of Sodalis, when A. micheneri was introduced to natural pollen. The presence of Sodalis with abundant A. micheneri suggests potential crosstalk between both, shaping bee nutrition and health. Hence, this study highlights that the reliance on nonhost-specific environmental bacteria may not impact fitness of M. rotundata.IMPORTANCEThis study investigates the impact of environmentally acquired gut microbes of solitary bee fitness with insights into the microbial ecology of bee and their health. While the symbiotic microbiome is well-studied in social bees, the role of environmental acquired microbiota in solitary bees remains unclear. Assessing this relationship in a solitary pollinator, the leaf-cutting bee, Megachile rotundata, we discovered that this bee species does not depend on the diverse environmental bacteria found in pollen for either its larval growth or survival. Surprisingly, high concentrations of the most abundant pollen bacteria, Apilactobacillus micheneri did not consistently benefit bee fitness, but caused larval mortality. Our findings also suggest an interaction between Apilactobacillus and the Sodalis and perhaps their role in bee nutrition. Hence, this study provides significant insights that contribute to understanding the fitness, conservation, and pollination ecology of other solitary bee species in the future.},
}
@article {pmid39134665,
year = {2024},
author = {Qiao, L and Suzaki, T and Liang, P},
title = {Zinc sensing in nodules regulates symbiotic nitrogen fixation.},
journal = {Nature plants},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {39134665},
issn = {2055-0278},
}
@article {pmid39134591,
year = {2024},
author = {Cameron, ES and Sanchez, S and Goldman, N and Blaxter, ML and Finn, RD},
title = {Diversity and specificity of molecular functions in cyanobacterial symbionts.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {14},
number = {1},
pages = {18658},
pmid = {39134591},
issn = {2045-2322},
mesh = {*Symbiosis ; *Cyanobacteria/genetics/metabolism ; *Nitrogen Fixation ; *Phylogeny ; Genome, Bacterial ; Multigene Family ; Photosynthesis ; },
abstract = {Cyanobacteria are globally occurring photosynthetic bacteria notable for their contribution to primary production and production of toxins which have detrimental ecosystem impacts. Furthermore, cyanobacteria can form mutualistic symbiotic relationships with a diverse set of eukaryotes, including land plants, aquatic plankton and fungi. Nevertheless, not all cyanobacteria are found in symbiotic associations suggesting symbiotic cyanobacteria have evolved specializations that facilitate host-interactions. Photosynthetic capabilities, nitrogen fixation, and the production of complex biochemicals are key functions provided by host-associated cyanobacterial symbionts. To explore if additional specializations are associated with such lifestyles in cyanobacteria, we have conducted comparative phylogenomics of molecular functions and of biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) in 984 cyanobacterial genomes. Cyanobacteria with host-associated and symbiotic lifestyles were concentrated in the family Nostocaceae, where eight monophyletic clades correspond to specific host taxa. In agreement with previous studies, symbionts are likely to provide fixed nitrogen to their eukaryotic partners, through multiple different nitrogen fixation pathways. Additionally, our analyses identified chitin metabolising pathways in cyanobacteria associated with specific host groups, while obligate symbionts had fewer BGCs. The conservation of molecular functions and BGCs between closely related symbiotic and free-living cyanobacteria suggests the potential for additional cyanobacteria to form symbiotic relationships than is currently known.},
}
@article {pmid39133896,
year = {2024},
author = {Liu, W and Zhang, W and Cheng, H and Ding, Y and Yao, B and Shangguan, Z and Wei, G and Chen, J},
title = {Rhizobia cystathionine γ-lyase-derived H2S delays nodule senescence in soybean.},
journal = {Plant physiology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/plphys/kiae411},
pmid = {39133896},
issn = {1532-2548},
abstract = {Hydrogen sulphide (H2S) is required for optimal establishment of soybean (Glycine max)-Sinorhizobium fredii symbiotic interaction, yet its role in regulating the nitrogen fixation-senescence transition remains poorly understood. A S. fredii cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE) mutant deficient in H2S synthesis showed early nodule senescence characterized by reduced nitrogenase activity, structural changes in nodule cells, and accelerated bacteroid death. In parallel, the CSE mutant facilitated the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and elicited antioxidant responses. We observed that H2S-mediated persulfidation of cysteine C31/C80 in ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and C32 in APX2 modulated enzyme activity, thereby participating in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) detoxification and delaying nodule senescence. Comparative transcriptomic analysis revealed a significant up-regulation of GmMYB128, an MYB transcription factor (TF), in the CSE mutant nodules. Functional analysis through overexpression and RNAi lines of GmMYB128 demonstrated its role as a positive regulator in nodule senescence. MYB128-OE inoculated with the CSE mutant strain exhibited a reduction in nitrogenase activity and a significant increase in DD15 expression, both of which were mitigated by NaHS addition. Changes at the protein level encompassed the activation of plant defenses alongside turnover in carbohydrates and amino acids. Our results suggest that H2S plays an important role in maintaining efficient symbiosis and preventing premature senescence of soybean nodules.},
}
@article {pmid39133236,
year = {2024},
author = {Zhang, X and Xiao, W and Song, C and Zhang, J and Liu, X and Mao, R},
title = {Nutrient responses of vascular plants to N2-fixing tree Alnus hirsuta encroachment in a boreal peatland.},
journal = {Oecologia},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {39133236},
issn = {1432-1939},
support = {42371051//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 31570479//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 20212ACB215002//Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province/ ; jxsq2018106044//Double Thousand Plan of Jiangxi Province/ ; },
abstract = {The N2-fixing trees Alnus spp. have been widely encroaching into boreal peatlands, but the nutrient responses of native vascular plants remain unclear. Here, we compared nutrient concentrations and isotope signal of six common plants (Betula fruticosa, Salix rosmarinifolia, Vaccinium uliginosum, Rhododendron tomentosum, Chamaedaphne calyculata, and Eriophorum vaginatum) between Alnus hirsuta island and open peatland and assessed plant nutrient responses to A. hirsuta encroachment in boreal peatlands. Alnus hirsuta encroachment increased nitrogen (N) concentration of leaf, branch, and stem. Despite no significant interspecific difference in branch and stem, the increment magnitude of leaf N concentration varied among species, with greatest magnitude for R. tomentosum (55.1% ± 40.7%) and lowest for E. vaginatum (9.80% ± 4.40%) and B. fruticosa (18.4% ± 10.7%). Except for E. vaginatum, the significant increase in δ[15]N occurred for all organs of shrubs, with interspecific differences in change of leaf δ[15]N. According to the mass balance equation involving leaf δ[15]N, R. tomentosum and E. vaginatum, respectively, obtained highest (40.5% ± 19.8%) and lowest proportions (-14.0% ± 30.5%) of N from A. hirsuta. Moreover, the increment magnitudes of leaf N concentration showed a positive linear relationship with the proportion of N from A. hirsuta. In addition, A. hirsuta encroachment reduced leaf phosphorus (P) concentration of deciduous shrubs (i.e., B. fruticosa, S. rosmarinifolia, and V. uliginosum), thus increasing N:P ratio. These findings indicate that Alnus encroachment improves native plant N status and selectively intensifies P limitation of native deciduous shrubs, and highlight that the N acquisition from the symbiotic N2-fixing system regulates plant N responses in boreal peatlands.},
}
@article {pmid39132894,
year = {2024},
author = {Fuchs, B and Damerau, A and Yang, B and Muola, A},
title = {Reduced seed viability in exchange for transgenerational plant protection: Does the defensive mutualism concept pass the fitness test?.},
journal = {Annals of botany},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/aob/mcae133},
pmid = {39132894},
issn = {1095-8290},
abstract = {BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Epichloë endophytes are vertically transmitted via grass seeds and chemically defend their hosts against herbivory. Endophyte-conferred plant defence via alkaloid biosynthesis may occur independently of costs for host plant growth. However, fitness consequences of endophyte-conferred defence and transgenerational effects on herbivore resistance of progeny plants, are rarely studied. The aim of this study was to test whether severe defoliation in mother plants affects their seed production, seed germination rate, and the endophyte-conferred resistance of progeny plants.<br><br>METHODS: In a field study, we tested the effects of defoliation and endophyte symbiosis (Epichlo&#xeb; uncinata) on host plant (Festuca pratensis) performance, loline alkaloid concentrations in leaves and seeds, seed biomass and seed germination rates. In a subsequent greenhouse study, we challenged the progeny of the plants from the field study to aphid herbivory and tested whether defoliation of mother plants affects endophyte-conferred resistance against aphids in progeny plants.<br><br>KEY RESULTS: Defoliation of the mother plants resulted in a reduction of alkaloid concentrations in leaves and elevated the alkaloid concentrations in seeds when compared with non-defoliated endophyte-symbiotic plants. Viability and germination rate of seeds of defoliated endophyte-symbiotic plants were significantly lower compared to those of non-defoliated endophyte-symbiotic plants and endophyte-free (defoliated and non-defoliated) plants. During six weeks growth, seedlings of defoliated endophyte-symbiotic mother plants had elevated alkaloid concentrations, which negatively correlated with aphid performance.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Endophyte-conferred investment in higher alkaloid levels in seeds -elicited by defoliation- provided herbivore protection in progenies during the first weeks of plant establishment. Better protection of seeds via high alkaloid concentrations negatively correlated with seed germination indicating trade-off between protection and viability.},
}
@article {pmid39132815,
year = {2024},
author = {Yang, J and Rui, W and Zhong, S and Li, X and Liu, W and Meng, L and Li, Y and Huang, H},
title = {Symbiotic biofilms formed by Clostridioides difficile and bacteroides thetaiotaomicron in the presence of vancomycin.},
journal = {Gut microbes},
volume = {16},
number = {1},
pages = {2390133},
pmid = {39132815},
issn = {1949-0984},
mesh = {*Biofilms/drug effects/growth &amp; development ; *Clostridioides difficile/drug effects/physiology/genetics ; Humans ; *Symbiosis ; *Vancomycin/pharmacology ; *Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology ; Caco-2 Cells ; *Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron/drug effects/metabolism/physiology/genetics ; *Bacterial Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Bacterial Toxins/metabolism/genetics ; Enterotoxins/metabolism/genetics ; Bacterial Adhesion/drug effects ; },
abstract = {Vancomycin (VAN) treatment in Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) suffers from a relatively high rate of recurrence, with a variety of reasons behind this, including biofilm-induced recurrent infections. C. difficile can form monophyletic or symbiotic biofilms with other microbes in the gut, and these biofilms protect C. difficile from being killed by antibiotics. In this study, we analyzed the ecological relationship between Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron and C. difficile and their formation of symbiotic biofilm in the VAN environment. The production of symbiotic biofilm formed by C. difficile and B. thetaiotaomicron was higher than that of C. difficile and B. thetaiotaomicron alone in the VAN environment. In symbiotic biofilms, C. difficile was characterized by increased production of the toxin protein TcdA and TcdB, up-regulation of the expression levels of the virulence genes tcdA and tcdB, enhanced bacterial cell swimming motility and c-di-GMP content, and increased adhesion to Caco-2 cells. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) combined with confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) results indicated that the symbiotic biofilm was elevated in thickness, dense, and had an increased amount of mixed bacteria, while the fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) probe and plate colony counting results further indicated that the symbiotic biofilm had a significant increase in the amount of C. difficile cells, and was able to better tolerate the killing of the simulated intestinal fluid. Taken together, C. difficile and B. thetaiotaomicron become collaborative in the VAN environment, and targeted deletion or attenuation of host gut B. thetaiotaomicron content may improve the actual efficacy of VAN in CDI treatment.},
}
@article {pmid39132139,
year = {2024},
author = {Ye, C and You, Y and Li, W and Jing, T and Mo, M and Qiao, M and Yu, Z},
title = {Diversity of Trichoderma species associated with the black rot disease of Gastrodia elata, including four new species.},
journal = {Frontiers in microbiology},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1420156},
pmid = {39132139},
issn = {1664-302X},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Trichoderma species establish symbiotic relationships with plants through both parasitic and mutualistic mechanisms. While some Trichoderma species act as plant pathogenic fungi, others utilize various strategies to protect and enhance plant growth.<br><br>METHODS: Phylogenetic positions of new species of Trichoderma were determined through multi-gene analysis relying on the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions of the ribosomal DNA, the translation elongation factor 1-&#x3b1; (tef1-&#x3b1;) gene, and the RNA polymerase II (rpb2) gene. Additionally, pathogenicity experiments were conducted, and the aggressiveness of each isolate was evaluated based on the area of the cross-section of the infected site.<br><br>RESULTS: In this study, 13 Trichoderma species, including 9 known species and 4 new species, namely, T. delicatum, T. robustum, T. perfasciculatum, and T. subulatum were isolated from the diseased tubers of Gastrodia elata in Yunnan, China. Among the known species, T. hamatum had the highest frequency. T. delicatum belonged to the Koningii clade. T. robustum and T. perfasciculatum were assigned to the Virens clade. T. subulatum emerged as a new member of the Spirale clade. Pathogenicity experiments were conducted on the new species T. robustum, T. delicatum, and T. perfasciculatum, as well as the known species T. hamatum, T. atroviride, and T. harzianum. The infective abilities of different Trichoderma species on G. elata varied, indicating that Trichoderma was a pathogenic fungus causing black rot disease in G. elata.<br><br>DISCUSSION: This study provided the morphological characteristics of new species and discussed the morphological differences with phylogenetically proximate species, laying the foundation for research aimed at preventing and managing diseases that affect G. elata.},
}
@article {pmid39131952,
year = {2024},
author = {McPherson, MR and Zak, DR and Ibáñez, I and Upchurch, RA and Argiroff, WA},
title = {Arbuscular mycorrhizal diversity increases across a plant productivity gradient driven by soil nitrogen availability.},
journal = {Plant-environment interactions (Hoboken, N.J.)},
volume = {5},
number = {4},
pages = {e70002},
pmid = {39131952},
issn = {2575-6265},
abstract = {Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are widespread obligate symbionts of plants. This dynamic symbiosis plays a large role in successful plant performance, given that AMF help to ameliorate plant responses to abiotic and biotic stressors. Although the importance of this symbiosis is clear, less is known about what may be driving this symbiosis, the plant's need for nutrients or the excess of plant photosynthate being transferred to the AMF, information critical to assess the functionality of this relationship. Characterizing the AMF community along a natural plant productivity gradient is a first step in understanding how this symbiosis may vary across the landscape. We surveyed the AMF community diversity at 12 sites along a plant productivity gradient driven by soil nitrogen availability. We found that AMF diversity in soil environmental DNA significantly increased along with the growth of the host plants Acer rubrum and A. saccharum., a widespread tree genus. These increases also coincided with a natural soil inorganic N availability gradient. We hypothesize photosynthate from the increased tree growth is being allocated to the belowground AMF community, leading to an increase in diversity. These findings contribute to understanding this complex symbiosis through the lens of AMF turnover and suggest that a more diverse AMF community is associated with increased host-plant performance.},
}
@article {pmid39130947,
year = {2024},
author = {Al-Mutairi, MA and Al-Salamah, L and Nouri, LA and Al-Marshedy, BS and Al-Harbi, NH and Al-Harabi, EA and Al-Dosere, HA and Tashkandi, FS and Al-Shabib, ZM and Altalhi, AM},
title = {Microbial Changes in the Periodontal Environment Due to Orthodontic Appliances: A Review.},
journal = {Cureus},
volume = {16},
number = {7},
pages = {e64396},
pmid = {39130947},
issn = {2168-8184},
abstract = {Orthodontic appliances significantly influence the microbiological dynamics within the oral cavity, transforming symbiotic relationships into dysbiotic states that can lead to periodontal diseases. This review synthesizes current findings on how orthodontic treatments, particularly fixed and removable appliances, foster niches for bacterial accumulation and complicate oral hygiene maintenance. Advanced culture-independent methods were employed to identify shifts toward anaerobic and pathogenic bacteria, with fixed appliances showing a more pronounced impact compared to clear aligners. The study underscores the importance of meticulous oral hygiene practices and routine dental monitoring to manage these microbial shifts effectively. By highlighting the relationship between appliance type, surface characteristics, treatment duration, and microbial changes, this review aims to enhance dental professionals' understanding of periodontal risks associated with orthodontic appliances and strategies to mitigate these risks. The findings are intended to guide clinicians in optimizing orthodontic care to prevent plaque-associated diseases, ensuring better periodontal health outcomes for patients undergoing orthodontic treatment.},
}
@article {pmid39130557,
year = {2024},
author = {Huan, X and Guo, X and Chen, X and Guo, X},
title = {Influence of Tectonically Deformed Coal-Based Activated Carbon and Its Surface Modification on Methane Adsorption.},
journal = {ACS omega},
volume = {9},
number = {31},
pages = {33510-33521},
pmid = {39130557},
issn = {2470-1343},
abstract = {A series of coal-based activated carbons (CACs) were synthesized from mylonitized fat coal, a type of tectonically deformed coal (TDC) and symbiotic primary structural coal (PSC), followed by oxidative modification. The pore structure, surface oxygen-containing functional groups, and their influence on methane adsorption by CAC as the simplified coal model were investigated by using low-temperature nitrogen adsorption, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Boehm titration, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The results showed that tectonic deformation fostered smaller pores, particularly ultramicropores in TDC, dominating methane adsorption. Acid-modified TDC-based activated carbons (ACs) showed higher pore parameters and oxygen-containing functional groups than those of PSC-based ACs. Nitric acid introduced abundant carboxyl groups concurrently increasing the pore volume and specific surface area (SSA), while sulfuric acid-ammonium persulfate treatment resulted in increased lactone groups and a partial collapse/blockage of nanopores. Methane adsorption experiments confirmed the importance of micropores and revealed a significant decrease in capacity owing to increased oxygen-containing functional groups as the primary role, with pore wall corrosion playing a secondary role. Thus, the study highlights the surface effects of TDC on methane adsorption and the potential for producing high-performance methane storage materials from China's tectonic coal resources.},
}
@article {pmid39128935,
year = {2024},
author = {Wang, W and Ge, Q and Wen, J and Zhang, H and Guo, Y and Li, Z and Xu, Y and Ji, D and Chen, C and Guo, L and Xu, M and Shi, C and Fan, G and Xie, C},
title = {Horizontal gene transfer and symbiotic microorganisms regulate the adaptive evolution of intertidal algae, Porphyra sense lato.},
journal = {Communications biology},
volume = {7},
number = {1},
pages = {976},
pmid = {39128935},
issn = {2399-3642},
support = {42176117//National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China)/ ; U21A20265//National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China)/ ; 32100514//National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China)/ ; },
mesh = {*Gene Transfer, Horizontal ; *Symbiosis/genetics ; *Porphyra/microbiology/genetics ; Adaptation, Physiological/genetics ; Phylogeny ; Biological Evolution ; },
abstract = {Intertidal algae may adapt to environmental challenges by acquiring genes from other organisms and relying on symbiotic microorganisms. Here, we obtained a symbiont-free and chromosome-level genome of Pyropia haitanensis (47.2 Mb), a type of intertidal algae, by using multiple symbiont screening methods. We identified 286 horizontal gene transfer (HGT) genes, 251 of which harbored transposable elements (TEs), reflecting the importance of TEs for facilitating the transfer of genes into P. haitanensis. Notably, the bulked segregant analysis revealed that two HGT genes, sirohydrochlorin ferrochelatase and peptide-methionine (R)-S-oxide reductase, play a significant role in the adaptation of P. haitanensis to heat stress. Besides, we found Pseudomonas, Actinobacteria, and Bacteroidetes are the major taxa among the symbiotic bacteria of P. haitanensis (nearly 50% of the HGT gene donors). Among of them, a heat-tolerant actinobacterial strain (Saccharothrix sp.) was isolated and revealed to be associated with the heat tolerance of P. haitanensis through its regulatory effects on the genes involved in proline synthesis (proC), redox homeostasis (ggt), and protein folding (HSP20). These findings contribute to our understanding of the adaptive evolution of intertidal algae, expanding our knowledge of the HGT genes and symbiotic microorganisms to enhance their resilience and survival in challenging intertidal environments.},
}
@article {pmid39128644,
year = {2024},
author = {Kiliç Kanak, E and Öztürk Yilmaz, S},
title = {Production of Set-Type Probiotic and Prebiotic Yogurt-Like Products Using Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis Strains in Combination with Pumpkin Waste.},
journal = {Microbial pathogenesis},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {106844},
doi = {10.1016/j.micpath.2024.106844},
pmid = {39128644},
issn = {1096-1208},
abstract = {This study investigated the effect of pumpkin powder (2%, 4%, and 6%) and Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis probiotics on the physicochemical, microbiological, and sensory properties of yogurt samples during 28 days of storage at 4°C. The prebiotic effect of pumpkin powder (Cucurbita pepo) and the probiotic effect of Enterococcus faecium and E. faecalis were determined. Adding pumpkin powder to yogurt did not significantly alter the pH, acidity, fat, protein, and ash content (p > 0.05). Water holding was not changed during the storage time in the samples of probiotic yogurts, but as the pumpkin powder content increased, the water holding capacity also increased (p < 0.05). This situation did lead to a reduction in syneresis (p < 0.05). The lowest gumminess value at the end of storage was found in the D2 sample (p < 0.05), and the highest adhesiveness value was found in the D4 sample (p < 0.05). Furthermore, throughout the 28-day storage period, E. faecium and E. faecalis maintained a live cell count of ≥6 log CFU g-1 in the probiotic product. As a result of the statistical evaluation, there was a decrease in E. faecium in the D4, S2, and S4 samples, and then it increased again (p > 0.05) during the storage time. As a result of the statistical evaluation, it was determined that the smell, consistency in the spoon, consistency in the mouth, flavor, and acidity changes during the storage were not substantial (p > 0.05). In conclusion, it was found that pumpkin, a byproduct of the pumpkin seed industry, has the potential to act as a prebiotic and improve the properties of dairy products. Additionally, the study suggests that E. faecium and E. faecalis strains could be suitable for probiotic yogurts.},
}
@article {pmid39128629,
year = {2024},
author = {Sharma, S and Dasgupta, M and Vadaga, BS and Kodgire, P},
title = {Unfolding the Symbiosis of AID, Chromatin Remodelers, and Epigenetics - The ACE Phenomenon of Antibody Diversity.},
journal = {Immunology letters},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {106909},
doi = {10.1016/j.imlet.2024.106909},
pmid = {39128629},
issn = {1879-0542},
abstract = {Activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) is responsible for the initiation of somatic hypermutation (SHM) and class-switch recombination (CSR), which result in antibody affinity maturation and isotype switching, thus producing pathogen-specific antibodies. Chromatin dynamics and accessibility play a significant role in determining AID expression and its targeting. Chromatin remodelers contribute to the accessibility of the chromatin structure, thereby influencing the targeting of AID to Ig genes. Epigenetic modifications, including DNA methylation, histone modifications, and miRNA expression, profoundly impact the regulation of AID and chromatin remodelers targeting Ig genes. Additionally, epigenetic modifications lead to chromatin rearrangement and thereby can change AID expression levels and its preferential targeting to Ig genes. This interplay is symbolized as the ACE phenomenon encapsulates three interconnected aspects: AID, Chromatin remodelers, and Epigenetic modifications. This review emphasizes the importance of understanding the intricate relationship between these aspects to unlock the therapeutic potential of these molecular processes and molecules.},
}
@article {pmid39127705,
year = {2024},
author = {Park, H and Bulzu, PA and Shabarova, T and Kavagutti, VS and Ghai, R and Kasalický, V and Jezberová, J},
title = {Uncovering the genomic basis of symbiotic interactions and niche adaptations in freshwater picocyanobacteria.},
journal = {Microbiome},
volume = {12},
number = {1},
pages = {150},
pmid = {39127705},
issn = {2049-2618},
support = {20&#x2011;12496X//Grantov&#xe1; Agentura Cesk&#xe9; Republiky (GA&#x10c;R)/ ; 20&#x2011;12496X//Grantov&#xe1; Agentura Cesk&#xe9; Republiky (GA&#x10c;R)/ ; 23-05081S//Grantov&#xe1; Agentura Cesk&#xe9; Republiky (GA&#x10c;R)/ ; 19-23261S//Grantov&#xe1; Agentura Cesk&#xe9; Republiky (GA&#x10c;R)/ ; 20&#x2011;12496X//Grantov&#xe1; Agentura Cesk&#xe9; Republiky (GA&#x10c;R)/ ; 19-23261S//Grantov&#xe1; Agentura Cesk&#xe9; Republiky (GA&#x10c;R)/ ; 19-23261S//Grantov&#xe1; Agentura Cesk&#xe9; Republiky (GA&#x10c;R)/ ; },
mesh = {*Symbiosis ; *Fresh Water/microbiology ; *Genome, Bacterial ; *Phylogeny ; *Cyanobacteria/genetics/classification ; Adaptation, Physiological/genetics ; Europe ; Ecosystem ; Gene Transfer, Horizontal ; Genomics ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Picocyanobacteria from the genera Prochlorococcus, Synechococcus, and Cyanobium are the most widespread photosynthetic organisms in aquatic ecosystems. However, their freshwater populations remain poorly explored, due to uneven and insufficient sampling across diverse inland waterbodies.<br><br>RESULTS: In this study, we present 170 high-quality genomes of freshwater picocyanobacteria from non-axenic cultures collected across Central Europe. In addition, we recovered 33 genomes of their potential symbiotic partners affiliated with four genera, Pseudomonas, Mesorhizobium, Acidovorax, and Hydrogenophaga. The genomic basis of symbiotic interactions involved heterotrophs benefiting from picocyanobacteria-derived nutrients while providing detoxification of ROS. The global abundance patterns of picocyanobacteria revealed ecologically significant ecotypes, associated with trophic status, temperature, and pH as key environmental factors. The adaptation of picocyanobacteria in (hyper-)eutrophic waterbodies could be attributed to their colonial lifestyles and CRISPR-Cas systems. The prevailing CRISPR-Cas subtypes in picocyanobacteria were I-G and I-E, which appear to have been acquired through horizontal gene transfer from other bacterial phyla.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Our findings provide novel insights into the population diversity, ecology, and evolutionary strategies of the most widespread photoautotrophs within freshwater ecosystems. Video Abstract.},
}
@article {pmid39127203,
year = {2024},
author = {Yuan, H and Xu, J and Wang, Y and Shi, L and Dong, Y and Liu, F and Long, J and Duan, G and Jin, Y and Chen, S and Zhu, J and Yang, H},
title = {The longitudinal trend and influential factors exploring of global antimicrobial resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae.},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {175357},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175357},
pmid = {39127203},
issn = {1879-1026},
abstract = {Klebsiella pneumoniae (Kp) is a human symbiotic opportunistic pathogen capable of causing severe hospital-based infections and community-acquired infections. The problem of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has become increasing serious over time, posing a major threat to socio-economic and human development. In this study, we explored the global trend of AMR in 1786 strains of Kp isolated between 1982 and 2023. The number of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in Kp increased significantly from 24.29 ± 5.44 to 32.42 ± 8.52 over time. Mobile genetic elements (MGEs) were responsible for the ARGs horizontal transfer of Kp strains. The results of structural equation modeling (SEM) indicated a strong association between the human development index and the increase of antibiotic consumption, which indirectly affected the occurrence and development of antibiotic resistance in Kp. The results of Generalized Linear Models (GLM) indicated that the influence of environmental factors such as temperature on the development of Kp resistance could not be ignored. Overall, this study monitored the longitudinal trend of antimicrobial resistance in Kp, explored the factors influencing antibiotic resistance, and provided insights for mitigating the threat of antimicrobial resistance.},
}
@article {pmid39126852,
year = {2024},
author = {Shen, L and Kang, J and Wang, J and Shao, S and Zhou, H and Yu, X and Huang, M and Zeng, W},
title = {Dissecting the mechanism of synergistic interactions between Aspergillus fumigatus and the microalgae Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 under Cd(II) exposure: insights from untargeted metabolomics.},
journal = {Journal of hazardous materials},
volume = {478},
number = {},
pages = {135354},
doi = {10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135354},
pmid = {39126852},
issn = {1873-3336},
abstract = {Co-culturing fungi and microalgae may effectively remediate wastewater containing Cd and harvest microalgae. Nevertheless, a detailed study of the mechanisms underlying the synergistic interactions between fungi and microalgae under Cd(II) exposure is lacking. In this study, Cd(II) exposure resulted in a significant enhancement of antioxidants, such as glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) compared to the control group, suggesting that the cellular antioxidant defense response was activated. Extracellular proteins and extracellular polysaccharides of the symbiotic system were increased by 60.61 % and ,24.29 %, respectively, after Cd(II) exposure for 72 h. The adsorption behavior of Cd(II) was investigated using three-dimensional fluorescence excitation-emission matrix (3D-EEM), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Metabolomics results showed that the TCA cycle provided effective material and energy supply for the symbiotic system to resist the toxicity of Cd(II); Proline, histidine, and glutamine strengthened the synergistic adsorption capacity of the fungus and microalgae. Overall, the theoretical foundation for a deep comprehension of the beneficial interactions between fungi and microalgae under Cd(II) exposure and the role of the fungal-algal symbiotic system in the management of heavy metal pollution is provided by this combined physiological and metabolomic investigation.},
}
@article {pmid39126446,
year = {2024},
author = {Izumi, H},
title = {Abundances of ectomycorrhizal exploration types show the type-dependent temporal dynamics over the seasons-a controlled growth container experiment.},
journal = {International microbiology : the official journal of the Spanish Society for Microbiology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {39126446},
issn = {1618-1905},
abstract = {Ectomycorrhizas are ubiquitous symbiotic associations between host trees and soil fungi. While the seasonal changes of the taxonomic community structure of ectomycorrhizal fungi have been studied extensively, the temporal dynamics of ectomycorrhizal exploration types which have been proposed for elucidating the functional roles of ectomycorrhizas have not been fully examined. The purpose of the study is to test the hypothesis of whether the abundance of the exploration types in the hosts with different phenology shows different temporal patterns over the seasons. Two host species, deciduous Quercus acutissima and evergreen Q. glauca, were planted in growth containers with natural forest soils and were grown in single or combined species treatment, under similar environmental conditions and in shared soil spore banks of the ectomycorrhizal fungi. The ectomycorrhizal exploration types that occurred on these two host species in two different treatments were observed for two growing seasons. The observed exploration types, namely contact, short-distance, and long-distance type as well as the overall abundance of the ectomycorrhizas showed distinct temporal patterns although no specific response to the host seasonal phenology was found. The abundances of the contact type showed no relation to the seasons whereas those of the short- and the long-distance type increased with time. The formation of the long-distance type was strongly influenced by the host species treatments while that of the other two types was not so. Therefore, the different exploration types demonstrate distinct temporal patterns depending on the types but no specific seasonal responses.},
}
@article {pmid39126082,
year = {2024},
author = {Zhang, J and Wang, J and Feng, Y and Brunel, B and Zong, X},
title = {Unearthing Optimal Symbiotic Rhizobia Partners from the Main Production Area of Phaseolus vulgaris in Yunnan.},
journal = {International journal of molecular sciences},
volume = {25},
number = {15},
pages = {},
pmid = {39126082},
issn = {1422-0067},
support = {22HASTIT035//Science and Technology Innovation Talents in Universities of Henan Province/ ; },
mesh = {*Phaseolus/microbiology/growth &amp; development ; *Rhizobium/genetics/physiology ; *Symbiosis ; China ; *Soil Microbiology ; *Phylogeny ; Nitrogen Fixation/genetics ; Root Nodules, Plant/microbiology ; },
abstract = {Phaseolus vulgaris is a globally important legume cash crop, which can carry out symbiotic nitrogen fixation with rhizobia. The presence of suitable rhizobia in cultivating soils is crucial for legume cropping, especially in areas beyond the plant-host native range, where soils may lack efficient symbiotic partners. We analyzed the distribution patterns and traits of native rhizobia associated with P. vulgaris in soils of Yunnan, where the common bean experienced a recent expansion. A total of 608 rhizobial isolates were tracked from soils of fifteen sampling sites using two local varieties of P. vulgaris. The isolates were discriminated into 43 genotypes as defined by IGS PCR-RFLP. Multiple locus sequence analysis based on recA, atpD and rpoB of representative strains placed them into 11 rhizobial species of Rhizobium involving Rhizobium sophorae, Rhizobium acidisoli, Rhizobium ecuadorense, Rhizobium hidalgonense, Rhizobium vallis, Rhizobium sophoriradicis, Rhizobium croatiense, Rhizobium anhuiense, Rhizobium phaseoli, Rhizobium chutanense and Rhizobium etli, and five unknown Rhizobium species; Rhizobium genosp. I~V. R. phaseoli and R. anhuiense were the dominant species (28.0% and 28.8%) most widely distributed, followed by R. croatiense (14.8%). The other rhizobial species were less numerous or site-specific. Phylogenies of nodC and nifH markers, were divided into two specific symbiovars, sv. phaseoli regardless of the species affiliation and sv. viciae associated with R. vallis. Through symbiotic effect assessment, all the tested strains nodulated both P. vulgaris varieties, often resulting with a significant greenness index (91-98%). However, about half of them exhibited better plant biomass performance, at least on one common bean variety, and two isolates (CYAH-6 and BLYH-15) showed a better symbiotic efficiency score. Representative strains revealed diverse abiotic stress tolerance to NaCl, acidity, alkalinity, temperature, drought and glyphosate. One strain efficient on both varieties and exhibiting stress abiotic tolerance (BLYH-15) belonged to R. genosp. IV sv. phaseoli, a species first found as a legume symbiont.},
}
@article {pmid39125923,
year = {2024},
author = {Ma, Y and Nenkov, M and Chen, Y and Gaßler, N},
title = {The Role of Adipocytes Recruited as Part of Tumor Microenvironment in Promoting Colorectal Cancer Metastases.},
journal = {International journal of molecular sciences},
volume = {25},
number = {15},
pages = {},
pmid = {39125923},
issn = {1422-0067},
mesh = {*Tumor Microenvironment ; Humans ; *Colorectal Neoplasms/pathology/metabolism ; *Adipocytes/metabolism/pathology ; *Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition ; Animals ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Extracellular Matrix/metabolism ; Adipose Tissue/metabolism/pathology ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; },
abstract = {Adipose tissue dysfunction, which is associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer (CRC), is a significant factor in the pathophysiology of obesity. Obesity-related inflammation and extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling promote colorectal cancer metastasis (CRCM) by shaping the tumor microenvironment (TME). When CRC occurs, the metabolic symbiosis of tumor cells recruits adjacent adipocytes into the TME to supply energy. Meanwhile, abundant immune cells, from adipose tissue and blood, are recruited into the TME, which is stimulated by pro-inflammatory factors and triggers a chronic local pro-inflammatory TME. Dysregulated ECM proteins and cell surface adhesion molecules enhance ECM remodeling and further increase contractibility between tumor and stromal cells, which promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). EMT increases tumor migration and invasion into surrounding tissues or vessels and accelerates CRCM. Colorectal symbiotic microbiota also plays an important role in the promotion of CRCM. In this review, we provide adipose tissue and its contributions to CRC, with a special emphasis on the role of adipocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, T cells, ECM, and symbiotic gut microbiota in the progression of CRC and their contributions to the CRC microenvironment. We highlight the interactions between adipocytes and tumor cells, and potential therapeutic approaches to target these interactions.},
}
@article {pmid39125839,
year = {2024},
author = {Liu, J and Bao, X and Qiu, G and Li, H and Wang, Y and Chen, X and Fu, Q and Guo, B},
title = {Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of SlNRAMP Genes in Tomato under Nutrient Deficiency and Cadmium Stress during Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbiosis.},
journal = {International journal of molecular sciences},
volume = {25},
number = {15},
pages = {},
pmid = {39125839},
issn = {1422-0067},
support = {42007120//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 41001184//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; },
mesh = {*Mycorrhizae/physiology ; *Solanum lycopersicum/microbiology/genetics/metabolism ; *Cadmium/toxicity/metabolism ; *Symbiosis/genetics ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Plant/drug effects ; *Plant Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; *Stress, Physiological/genetics ; Cation Transport Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; },
abstract = {Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are well known for enhancing phosphorus uptake in plants; however, their regulating roles in cation transporting gene family, such as natural resistance-associated macrophage protein (NRAMP), are still limited. Here, we performed bioinformatics analysis and quantitative expression assays of tomato SlNRAMP 1 to 5 genes under nutrient deficiency and cadmium (Cd) stress in response to AM symbiosis. These five SlNRAMP members are mainly located in the plasma or vacuolar membrane and can be divided into two subfamilies. Cis-element analysis revealed several motifs involved in phytohormonal and abiotic regulation in their promoters. SlNRAMP2 was downregulated by iron deficiency, while SlNRAMP1, SlNRAMP3, SlNRAMP4, and SlNRAMP5 responded positively to copper-, zinc-, and manganese-deficient conditions. AM colonization reduced Cd accumulation and expression of SlNRAMP3 but enhanced SlNRAMP1, SlNRAMP2, and SlNRMAP4 in plants under Cd stress. These findings provide valuable genetic information for improving tomato resilience to nutrient deficiency and heavy metal stress by developing AM symbiosis.},
}
@article {pmid39125666,
year = {2024},
author = {Secchiero, P and Rimondi, E and Marcuzzi, A and Longo, G and Papi, C and Manfredini, M and Fields, M and Caruso, L and Di Caprio, R and Balato, A},
title = {Metabolic Syndrome and Psoriasis: Pivotal Roles of Chronic Inflammation and Gut Microbiota.},
journal = {International journal of molecular sciences},
volume = {25},
number = {15},
pages = {},
pmid = {39125666},
issn = {1422-0067},
support = {PNRR-MAD-2022-12376878//uropean Union, Next Generation EU. "Finanziato dall'Unione europea - Next Generation EU - PNRR M6C2 - Investimento 2.1 Valorizzazione e potenziamento della ricerca biomedica del SSN. PNRR-MAD-2022-12376878/ ; },
mesh = {*Psoriasis/microbiology/metabolism/complications ; Humans ; *Metabolic Syndrome/microbiology/metabolism/complications ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; *Inflammation/metabolism ; Animals ; Obesity/complications/microbiology/metabolism ; },
abstract = {In recent years, the incidence of metabolic syndrome (MS) has increased due to lifestyle-related factors in developed countries. MS represents a group of conditions that increase the risk of diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and other severe health problems. Low-grade chronic inflammation is now considered one of the key aspects of MS and could be defined as a new cardiovascular risk factor. Indeed, an increase in visceral adipose tissue, typical of obesity, contributes to the development of an inflammatory state, which, in turn, induces the production of several proinflammatory cytokines responsible for insulin resistance. Psoriasis is a chronic relapsing inflammatory skin disease and is characterized by the increased release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which can contribute to different pathological conditions within the spectrum of MS. A link between metabolic disorders and Psoriasis has emerged from evidence indicating that weight loss obtained through healthy diets and exercise was able to improve the clinical course and therapeutic response of Psoriasis in patients with obesity or overweight patients and even prevent its occurrence. A key factor in this balance is the gut microbiota; it is an extremely dynamic system, and this makes its manipulation through diet possible via probiotic, prebiotic, and symbiotic compounds. Given this, the gut microbiota represents an additional therapeutic target that can improve metabolism in different clinical conditions.},
}
@article {pmid39125262,
year = {2024},
author = {Traini, C and Bulli, I and Sarti, G and Morecchiato, F and Coppi, M and Rossolini, GM and Di Pilato, V and Vannucchi, MG},
title = {Amelioration of Serum Aβ Levels and Cognitive Impairment in APPPS1 Transgenic Mice Following Symbiotic Administration.},
journal = {Nutrients},
volume = {16},
number = {15},
pages = {},
pmid = {39125262},
issn = {2072-6643},
support = {PROPREBIOAD//Fondazione Cassa di Risparmio di Firenze, University of Florence/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Amyloid beta-Peptides/metabolism ; *Mice, Transgenic ; *Cognitive Dysfunction/therapy ; *Alzheimer Disease/therapy ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; Female ; *Probiotics ; *Disease Models, Animal ; Mice ; Male ; *Prebiotics ; Presenilin-1/genetics ; Brain-Gut Axis ; Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor/genetics ; Brain/metabolism ; Cognition ; },
abstract = {Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative process responsible for almost 70% of all cases of dementia. The clinical signs consist in progressive and irreversible loss of memory, cognitive, and behavioral functions. The main histopathological hallmark is the accumulation of amyloid-ß (Aß) peptide fibrils in the brain. To date, the origin of Aß has not been determined. Recent studies have shown that the gut microbiota produces Aß, and dysbiotic states have been identified in AD patients and animal models of AD. Starting from the hypothesis that maintaining or restoring the microbiota's eubiosis is essential to control Aß's production and deposition in the brain, we used a mixture of probiotics and prebiotics (symbiotic) to treat APPPS1 male and female mice, an animal model of AD, from 2 to 8 months of age and evaluated their cognitive performances, mucus secretion, Aβ serum concentration, and microbiota composition. The results showed that the treatment was able to prevent the memory deficits, the reduced mucus secretion, the increased Aβ blood levels, and the imbalance in the gut microbiota found in APPPS1 mice. The present study demonstrates that the gut-brain axis plays a critical role in the genesis of cognitive impairment, and that modulation of the gut microbiota can ameliorate AD's symptomatology.},
}
@article {pmid39124224,
year = {2024},
author = {Bujak, J and Bujak, A},
title = {Origin and Evolution of the Azolla Superorganism.},
journal = {Plants (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {13},
number = {15},
pages = {},
pmid = {39124224},
issn = {2223-7747},
abstract = {Azolla is the only plant with a co-evolving nitrogen-fixing (diazotrophic) cyanobacterial symbiont (cyanobiont), Nostoc azollae, resulting from whole-genome duplication (WGD) 80 million years ago in Azolla's ancestor. Additional genes from the WGD resulted in genetic, biochemical, and morphological changes in the plant that enabled the transmission of the cyanobiont to successive generations via its megaspores. The resulting permanent symbiosis and co-evolution led to the loss, downregulation, or conversion of non-essential genes to pseudogenes in the cyanobiont, changing it from a free-living organism to an obligate symbiont. The upregulation of other genes in the cyanobiont increased its atmospheric dinitrogen fixation and the provision of nitrogen-based products to the plant. As a result, Azolla can double its biomass in less than two days free-floating on fresh water and sequester large amounts of atmospheric CO2, giving it the potential to mitigate anthropogenic climate change through carbon capture and storage. Azolla's biomass can also provide local, low-cost food, biofertiliser, feed, and biofuel that are urgently needed as our population increases by a billion every twelve years. This paper integrates data from biology, genetics, geology, and palaeontology to identify the location, timing and mechanism for the acquisition of a co-evolving diazotrophic cyanobiont by Azolla's ancestor in the Late Cretaceous (Campanian) of North America.},
}
@article {pmid39124218,
year = {2024},
author = {Church, BM and Geary, B and Griffitts, J and Drake, CL and Ruebelmann, K and Nelson, SV and Madsen, MD},
title = {Development of a Rhizobium Seed Coating to Establish Lupine Species on Degraded Rangelands.},
journal = {Plants (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {13},
number = {15},
pages = {},
pmid = {39124218},
issn = {2223-7747},
support = {5602151000003//Utah Division of Wildlife Resources/ ; },
abstract = {Restoring native plant species on degraded landscapes is challenging. Symbiotic partners in the plant rhizosphere can aid in nutrient acquisition, pathogen protection, stress tolerance, and many other processes. However, these microbes are often absent in altered landscapes and need to be re-integrated to improve restoration efforts. We evaluated, within a laboratory setting, the ability of commercial and indigenous rhizobia strains to form nodules on lupine species used for rangeland seedings in the Great Basin region of the Western United States and ascertained if these strains could be applied through a seed coating. We also evaluated if a compost amendment applied via seed coating could further enhance the performance of the rhizobia strains. Our analysis showed that successful nodulation could occur using commercial and wildland-collected indigenous strains through either a liquid culture applied to seedlings or as a dry seed coating. However, the number of root nodules and the presence of a pink color (indicating nitrogen fixation) were typically higher in the commercial product than in the indigenous strains. Compost did not improve nodulation or the performance of the nodules; however, this treatment alone improved shoot growth. Overall, these results suggest that commercial rhizobium may be more effective in improving plant growth, and future research with native rhizobia may want to consider identifying strains compatible with seed-coating delivery. Longer-term studies are now merited for assessing how the rhizobia strains evaluated in this study influence plant growth, particularly in a field setting.},
}
@article {pmid39123990,
year = {2024},
author = {Jafari, A and Seth, K and Werner, A and Shi, S and Hofmann, R and Hoyos-Villegas, V},
title = {Probing Biological Nitrogen Fixation in Legumes Using Raman Spectroscopy.},
journal = {Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {24},
number = {15},
pages = {},
pmid = {39123990},
issn = {1424-8220},
support = {C10X1804//New Zealand Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment (MBIE)/ ; },
mesh = {*Nitrogen Fixation/physiology ; *Spectrum Analysis, Raman/methods ; *Glycine max/metabolism/chemistry ; Least-Squares Analysis ; Fabaceae/metabolism ; Nitrogen/metabolism ; Symbiosis/physiology ; },
abstract = {Biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) by symbiotic bacteria plays a vital role in sustainable agriculture. However, current quantification methods are often expensive and impractical. This study explores the potential of Raman spectroscopy, a non-invasive technique, for rapid assessment of BNF activity in soybeans. Raman spectra were obtained from soybean plants grown with and without rhizobia bacteria to identify spectral signatures associated with BNF. δN[15] isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) was used to determine actual BNF percentages. Partial least squares regression (PLSR) was employed to develop a model for BNF quantification based on Raman spectra. The model explained 80% of the variation in BNF activity. To enhance the model's specificity for BNF detection regardless of nitrogen availability, a subsequent elastic net (Enet) regularisation strategy was implemented. This approach provided insights into key wavenumbers and biochemicals associated with BNF in soybeans.},
}
@article {pmid39123791,
year = {2024},
author = {Isaychev, A and Schepetov, D and Zhou, Y and Britayev, TA and Ivanenko, VN},
title = {New Myzostomids (Annelida) in Symbiosis with Feather Stars in the Shallow Waters of the South China Sea (Hainan Island).},
journal = {Animals : an open access journal from MDPI},
volume = {14},
number = {15},
pages = {},
pmid = {39123791},
issn = {2076-2615},
support = {210101006//Shenzhen University Stability Support Program/ ; },
abstract = {This research delves into the molecular and morphological characteristics of myzostomid worms associated with common shallow-water feather stars (Echinodermata: Crinoidea: Comatulidae) in the coastal waters near Sanya, Hainan Island. Through the examination of specimens collected at depths of up to 10 m using scuba diving techniques, we describe three new species (Myzostoma ordinatum sp. nov., M. scopus sp. nov., and M. solare sp. nov.) and report the first record of Myzostoma polycyclus Atkins, 1927 in the South China Sea. The absence of overlap with the seven previously documented Myzostomida species in the shallow waters of Hong Kong and Shenzhen reveals significant gaps in our understanding of marine biodiversity in the South China Sea. These findings, combined with an analysis of available molecular data, underscore the potential existence of unexplored and diverse symbiotic relationships among marine invertebrates within the region.},
}
@article {pmid39123247,
year = {2024},
author = {Jung, P and Brand, R and Briegel-Williams, L and Werner, L and Jost, E and Lentendu, G and Singer, D and Athavale, R and Nürnberg, DJ and Alfaro, FD and Büdel, B and Lakatos, M},
title = {The symbiotic alga Trebouxia fuels a coherent soil ecosystem on the landscape scale in the Atacama Desert.},
journal = {Environmental microbiome},
volume = {19},
number = {1},
pages = {59},
pmid = {39123247},
issn = {2524-6372},
support = {JU 3228/1-1//German Research Council/ ; NU 421/1//German Research Council/ ; W2V-NovelBioChem//Federal Ministry of Education and Research/ ; 03WIR4505B//Federal Ministry of Education and Research/ ; W2V-Strategy2Value//Federal Ministry of Education and Research/ ; 03WIR4502A//Federal Ministry of Education and Research/ ; 182531/SNSF_/Swiss National Science Foundation/Switzerland ; 724-0116#2021 / 004-1501 15405//Ministry of Science and Health Rhineland-Palatinate/ ; },
abstract = {Biocrusts represent associations of lichens, green algae, cyanobacteria, fungi and other microorganisms, colonizing soils in varying proportions of principally arid biomes. The so-called grit crust represents a recently discovered type of biocrust situated in the Coastal Range of the Atacama Desert (Chile) made of microorganisms growing on and in granitoid pebbles, resulting in a checkerboard pattern visible to the naked eye on the landscape scale. This specific microbiome fulfills a broad range of ecosystem services, all probably driven by fog and dew-induced photosynthetic activity of mainly micro-lichens. To understand its biodiversity and impact, we applied a polyphasic approach on the phototrophic microbiome of this biocrust, combining isolation and characterization of the lichen photobionts, multi-gene phylogeny of the photobionts and mycobionts based on a direct sequencing and microphotography approach, metabarcoding and determination of chlorophylla+b contents. Metabarcoding showed that yet undescribed lichens within the Caliciaceae dominated the biocrust together with Trebouxia as the most abundant eukaryote in all plots. Together with high mean chlorophylla+b contents exceeding 410 mg m[-2], this distinguished the symbiotic algae Trebouxia as the main driver of the grit crust ecosystem. The trebouxioid photobionts could be assigned to the I (T. impressa/gelatinosa) and A (T. arboricola) clades and represented several lineages containing five potential species candidates, which were identified based on the unique phylogenetic position, morphological features, and developmental cycles of the corresponding isolates. These results designate the grit crust as the only known coherent soil layer with significant landscape covering impact of at least 440 km[2], predominantly ruled by a single symbiotic algal genus.},
}
@article {pmid39123119,
year = {2024},
author = {Schnabel, E and Bashyal, S and Corbett, C and Kassaw, T and Nowak, S and Rosales-García, RA and Noorai, RE and Müller, LM and Frugoli, J},
title = {The Defective in Autoregulation (DAR) gene of Medicago truncatula encodes a protein involved in regulating nodulation and arbuscular mycorrhiza.},
journal = {BMC plant biology},
volume = {24},
number = {1},
pages = {766},
pmid = {39123119},
issn = {1471-2229},
mesh = {*Medicago truncatula/genetics/microbiology/physiology ; *Mycorrhizae/physiology ; *Plant Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; *Plant Root Nodulation/genetics ; *Symbiosis/genetics ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Mutation ; Genes, Plant ; Plant Roots/microbiology/genetics ; Homeostasis ; Root Nodules, Plant/microbiology/genetics/metabolism ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Legumes utilize a long-distance signaling feedback pathway, termed Autoregulation of Nodulation (AON), to regulate the establishment and maintenance of their symbiosis with rhizobia. Several proteins key to this pathway have been discovered, but the AON pathway is not completely understood.<br><br>RESULTS: We report a new hypernodulating mutant, defective in autoregulation, with disruption of a gene, DAR (Medtr2g450550/MtrunA17_Chr2g0304631), previously unknown to play a role in AON. The dar-1 mutant produces ten-fold more nodules than wild type, similar to AON mutants with disrupted SUNN gene function. As in sunn mutants, suppression of nodulation by CLE peptides MtCLE12 and MtCLE13 is abolished in dar. Furthermore, dar-1 also shows increased root length colonization by an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus, suggesting a role for DAR in autoregulation of mycorrhizal symbiosis (AOM). However, unlike SUNN which functions in the shoot to control nodulation, DAR functions in the root.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: DAR encodes a membrane protein that is a member of a small protein family in M. truncatula. Our results suggest that DAR could be involved in the subcellular transport of signals involved in symbiosis regulation, but it is not upregulated during symbiosis. DAR gene family members are also present in Arabidopsis, lycophytes, mosses, and microalgae, suggesting the AON and AOM may use pathway components common to other plants, even those that do not undergo either symbiosis.},
}
@article {pmid39123105,
year = {2024},
author = {Banu, VS and Mohan, U and Kumari, R and Kumar, P and Singh, AK and Siddiqui, MH and Alamri, S and Siddiqui, MW and Singh, DR},
title = {Insights into the physiology, biochemistry and ecological significance of the red seaweed Tricleocarpa fragilis in the Andaman Sea.},
journal = {BMC plant biology},
volume = {24},
number = {1},
pages = {765},
pmid = {39123105},
issn = {1471-2229},
support = {RSP2024R194//King Saud University/ ; },
mesh = {*Rhodophyta/physiology/metabolism ; *Seaweed/physiology/metabolism ; Seawater/chemistry ; Ecosystem ; Biomass ; Fatty Acids/metabolism ; Symbiosis/physiology ; Animals ; },
abstract = {The present study focused on the physiological and biochemical aspects of Tricleocarpa fragilis, red seaweed belonging to the phylum Rhodophyta, along the South Andaman coast, with particular attention given to its symbiotic relationships with associated flora and fauna. The physicochemical parameters of the seawater at the sampling station, such as its temperature, pH, and salinity, were meticulously analyzed to determine the optimal harvesting period for T. fragilis. Seaweeds attach to rocks, dead corals, and shells in shallow areas exposed to moderate wave action because of its habitat preferences. Temporal variations in biomass production were estimated, revealing the highest peak in March, which was correlated with optimal seawater conditions, including a temperature of 34 ± 1.1 °C, a pH of 8 ± 0.1, and a salinity of 32 ± 0.8 psu. GC‒MS analysis revealed n-hexadecanoic acid as the dominant compound among the 36 peaks, with major bioactive compounds identified as fatty acids, diterpenes, phenolic compounds, and hydrocarbons. This research not only enhances our understanding of ecological dynamics but also provides valuable insights into the intricate biochemical processes of T. fragilis. The established antimicrobial potential and characterization of bioactive compounds from T. fragilis lay a foundation for possible applications in the pharmaceutical industry and other industries.},
}
@article {pmid39121937,
year = {2024},
author = {Chen, T and Zhang, B and He, G and Shen, C and Wang, N and Zong, J and Chen, X and Chen, L and Li, C and Zhou, X},
title = {Exosomes-mediated retinoic acid disruption: A link between gut microbiota depletion and impaired spermatogenesis.},
journal = {Toxicology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {153907},
doi = {10.1016/j.tox.2024.153907},
pmid = {39121937},
issn = {1879-3185},
abstract = {Gut microbiota symbiosis faces enormous challenge with increasing exposure to drugs such as environmental poisons and antibiotics. The gut microbiota is an important component of the host microbiota and has been proven to be involved in regulating spermatogenesis, but the molecular mechanism is still unclear. A male mouse model with gut microbiota depletion/dysbiosis was constructed by adding combined antibiotics to free drinking water, and reproductive parameters such as epididymal sperm count, testicular weight and paraffin sections were measured. Testicular transcriptomic and serum metabolomic analyses were performed to reveal the molecular mechanism of reproductive dysfunction induced by gut microbiota dysbiosis in male mice.This study confirms that antibiotic induced depletion of gut microbiota reduces sperm count in the epididymis and reduces germ cells in the seminiferous tubules in male mice. Further study showed that exosomes isolated from microbiota-depleted mice led to abnormally high levels of retinoic acid and decrease in the number of germ cells in the seminiferous tubules and sperm in the epididymis. Finally, abnormally high levels of retinoic acid was confirmed to disrupted meiotic processes, resulting in spermatogenesis disorders. This study proposed the concept of the gut microbiota-exosome-retinoic acid-testicular axis and demonstrated that depletion of the gut microbiota caused changes in the function of exosomes, which led to abnormal retinoic acid metabolism in the testis, thereby impairing meiosis and spermatogenesis processes.},
}
@article {pmid39121703,
year = {2024},
author = {Huang, R and Liu, Z and Sun, T and Zhu, L},
title = {Cervicovaginal microbiome, high-risk HPV infection and cervical cancer: Mechanisms and therapeutic potential.},
journal = {Microbiological research},
volume = {287},
number = {},
pages = {127857},
doi = {10.1016/j.micres.2024.127857},
pmid = {39121703},
issn = {1618-0623},
abstract = {The microbiota in the female genital tract is an intricate assembly of diverse aerobic, anaerobic, and microaerophilic microorganisms, which share the space within the reproductive tract and engage in complex interactions. Microbiome dysbiosis may disrupt the symbiotic relationship between the host and microorganisms and play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of various diseases, including its involvement in the establishment of human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated cervical cancer (CC). Interventions to restore microbiota homeostasis (e.g., probiotics) and bacterial-vector HPV therapeutic vaccines have been reported to be potentially effective in clearing HPV infection and ameliorating cytological abnormalities. In this review, we place emphasis on elucidating the alterations within the cervical-vaginal microbiota as well as the intratumoral microbiota in the context of high-risk HPV (HR-HPV) infection and its subsequent progression to cervical intraepithelial neoplasia/CC. Furthermore, we explore the mechanisms by which these microbial communities exert potential pathogenic or protective effects, including modulating genital inflammation and immune responses, affecting HR-HPV oncogene expression and oncoprotein production, regulating oxidative stress and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage, and inducing metabolic rewiring. Lastly, we summarize the latest evidence in human trials regarding the efficacy of probiotics, prebiotics and probiotic-vector HPV therapeutic vaccines. This review aims to foster a deeper understanding of the role of the microbiota in HR-HPV infection-related cervix cancer development, and further provide a theoretical basis for the development of preventive and therapeutic strategies based on microbial modulation.},
}
@article {pmid39120983,
year = {2024},
author = {Zeng, H and Zhao, Y and Babiloni, F and Tao, M and Kong, W and Dai, G},
title = {A General DNA-like Hybrid Symbiosis Framework: An EEG Cognitive Recognition Method.},
journal = {IEEE journal of biomedical and health informatics},
volume = {PP},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1109/JBHI.2024.3441332},
pmid = {39120983},
issn = {2168-2208},
abstract = {In electroencephalogram (EEG) cognitive recognition research, the combined use of artificial neural networks (ANNs) and spiking neural networks (SNNs) plays an important role to realize different categories of recognition tasks. However, most of the existing studies focus on the unidirectional interaction between an ANN and a SNN, which may be overly dependent on the performance of ANNs or SNNs. Inspired by the symbiosis phenomenon in nature, in this study, we propose a general DNA-like Hybrid Symbiosis (DNA-HS) framework, which enables mutual learning between the ANN and the SNN generated by this ANN through parametric genetic algorithm and bidirectional interaction mechanism to enhance the optimization ability of the model parameters, resulting in a significant improvement of the performance of the DNA-HS framework in all aspects. By comparing with seven typical EEG cognitive recognition models, the performance of the seven hybrid network frameworks constructed using this method on different EEG-based cognitive recognition tasks are all improved to different degrees, verifying the effectiveness of the proposed method. This unified hybrid network framework similar to the DNA structure is expected to open up a new approach and form a new research paradigm for EEG-based cognitive recognition task.},
}
@article {pmid39120150,
year = {2024},
author = {Kleetz, J and Mizza, A-S and Shevyreva, I and Welter, L and Brocks, C and Hemschemeier, A and Aktas, M and Narberhaus, F},
title = {Three separate pathways in Rhizobium leguminosarum maintain phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis, which is required for symbiotic nitrogen fixation with clover.},
journal = {Applied and environmental microbiology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e0059024},
doi = {10.1128/aem.00590-24},
pmid = {39120150},
issn = {1098-5336},
abstract = {UNLABELLED: Phosphatidylcholine (PC) is critical for the nitrogen-fixing symbiosis between rhizobia and legumes. We characterized three PC biosynthesis pathways in Rhizobium leguminosarum and evaluated their impact on nitrogen fixation in clover nodules. In the presence of choline, a PC synthase catalyzes the condensation of cytidine diphosphate-diacylglycerol with choline to produce PC. In the presence of lyso-PC, acyltransferases acylate this mono-acylated phospholipid to PC. The third pathway relies on phospholipid N-methyltransferases (Pmts), which sequentially methylate phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) through three rounds of methylation, yielding PC via the intermediates monomethyl-PE and dimethyl-PE. In R. leguminosarum, at least three Pmts participate in this methylation cascade. To elucidate the functions of these enzymes, we recombinantly produced and biochemically characterized them. We moved on to determine the phospholipid profiles of R. leguminosarum mutant strains harboring single and combinatorial deletions of PC biosynthesis genes. The cumulative results show that PC production occurs through the combined action of multiple enzymes, each with distinct substrate and product specificities. The methylation pathway emerges as the dominant PC biosynthesis route, and we pinpoint PmtS2, which catalyzes all three methylation steps, as the enzyme responsible for providing adequate PC amounts for a functional nitrogen-fixing symbiosis with clover.<br><br>IMPORTANCE: Understanding the molecular mechanisms of symbiotic nitrogen fixation has important implications for sustainable agriculture. The presence of the phospholipid phosphatidylcholine (PC) in the membrane of rhizobia is critical for the establishment of productive nitrogen-fixing root nodules on legume plants. The reasons for the PC requirement are unknown. Here, we employed Rhizobium leguminosarum and clover as model system for a beneficial plant-microbe interaction. We found that R. leguminosarum produces PC by three distinct pathways. The relative contribution of these pathways to PC formation was determined in an array of single, double, and triple mutant strains. Several of the PC biosynthesis enzymes were purified and biochemically characterized. Most importantly, we demonstrated the essential role of PC formation by R. leguminosarum in nitrogen fixation and pinpointed a specific enzyme indispensable for plant-microbe interaction. Our study offers profound insights into bacterial PC biosynthesis and its pivotal role in biological nitrogen fixation.},
}
@article {pmid39119103,
year = {2024},
author = {Harrison, TA and Goto, R and Li, J and Ó Foighil, D},
title = {Within-host adaptive speciation of commensal yoyo clams leads to ecological exclusion, not co-existence.},
journal = {PeerJ},
volume = {12},
number = {},
pages = {e17753},
pmid = {39119103},
issn = {2167-8359},
mesh = {Animals ; *Symbiosis ; *Bivalvia/microbiology/genetics/physiology ; Florida ; Ecosystem ; Genetic Speciation ; },
abstract = {Symbionts dominate planetary diversity and three primary symbiont diversification processes have been proposed: co-speciation with hosts, speciation by host-switching, and within-host speciation. The last mechanism is prevalent among members of an extraordinary marine symbiosis in the Indian River Lagoon, Florida, composed of a host mantis shrimp, Lysiosquilla scabricauda, and seven host-specific commensal vasconielline "yoyo" clams (Galeommatoidea) that collectively occupy two distinct niches: burrow-wall-attached, and host-attached/ectocommensal. This within-host symbiont radiation provides a natural experiment to test how symbiont coexistence patterns are regulated in a common ancestral habitat. The competitive exclusion principle predicts that sister taxa produced by adaptive speciation (with distinct morphologies and within-burrow niches) are most likely to coexist whereas the neutral theory predicts no difference among adaptive and non-adaptive sister taxa co-occurrence. To test these predictions, we engaged in (1) field-censusing commensal species assemblages; (2) trophic niche analyses; (3) laboratory behavioral observations. Although predicted by both models, the field census found no mixed-niche commensal assemblages: multi-species burrows were exclusively composed of burrow-wall commensals. Their co-occurrence matched random assembly process expectations, but presence of the single ectocommensal species had a highly significant negative effect on recruitment of all burrow-wall commensal species (P < 0.001), including on its burrow-wall commensal sister species (P < 0.001). Our stable isotope data indicated that commensals are suspension feeders and that co-occurring burrow-wall commensals may exhibit trophic niche differentiation. The artificial burrow behavioral experiment yielded no evidence of spatial segregation among burrow-wall commensals, and it was terminated by a sudden breakdown of the host-commensal relationship resulting in a mass mortality of all commensals unattached to the host. This study system appears to contain two distinct, superimposed patterns of commensal distribution: (1) all burrow-wall commensal species; (2) the ectocommensal species. Burrow-wall commensals (the plesiomorphic condition) broadly adhere to neutral theory expectations of species assembly but the adaptive evolution of ectocommensalism has apparently led to ecological exclusion rather than coexistence, an inverse outcome of theoretical expectations. The ecological factors regulating the observed burrow-wall/ectocommensal exclusion are currently obscure but potentially include differential recruitment to host burrows and/or differential survival in "mixed" burrow assemblages, the latter potentially due to changes in host predatory behavior. Resampling host burrows during commensal recruitment peak periods and tracking burrow-wall commensal survival in host burrows with and without added ectocommensals could resolve this outstanding issue.},
}
@article {pmid39118096,
year = {2024},
author = {Wei, R and Zhou, J and Bui, B and Liu, X},
title = {Glioma actively orchestrate a self-advantageous extracellular matrix to promote recurrence and progression.},
journal = {BMC cancer},
volume = {24},
number = {1},
pages = {974},
pmid = {39118096},
issn = {1471-2407},
mesh = {Humans ; *Glioma/pathology/metabolism ; *Extracellular Matrix/metabolism ; *Brain Neoplasms/pathology/metabolism ; *Tumor Microenvironment ; *Disease Progression ; *Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/pathology ; Animals ; },
abstract = {The intricate interplay between cancer cells and their surrounding microenvironment has emerged as a critical factor driving the aggressive progression of various malignancies, including gliomas. Among the various components of this dynamic microenvironment, the extracellular matrix (ECM) holds particular significance. Gliomas, intrinsic brain tumors that originate from neuroglial progenitor cells, have the remarkable ability to actively reform the ECM, reshaping the structural and biochemical landscape to their advantage. This phenomenon underscores the adaptability and aggressiveness of gliomas, and highlights the intricate crosstalk between tumor cells and their surrounding matrix.In this review, we delve into how glioma actively regulates glioma ECM to organize a favorable microenvironment for its survival, invasion, progression and therapy resistance. By unraveling the intricacies of glioma-induced ECM remodeling, we gain valuable insights into potential therapeutic strategies aimed at disrupting this symbiotic relationship and curbing the relentless advance of gliomas within the brain.},
}
@article {pmid39117977,
year = {2024},
author = {Ul Ain, N and Naveed, M and Aziz, T and Shabbir, MA and Al Asmari, F and Abdi, G and Sameeh, MY and Alhhazmi, AA},
title = {Mix-match synthesis of nanosynbiotics from probiotics and prebiotics to counter gut dysbiosis via AI integrated formulation profiling.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {14},
number = {1},
pages = {18397},
pmid = {39117977},
issn = {2045-2322},
mesh = {*Prebiotics ; *Probiotics ; *Dysbiosis ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; Humans ; Artificial Intelligence ; COVID-19 ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Drug Compounding/methods ; Nanoparticles/chemistry ; Inulin/chemistry ; },
abstract = {Antibiotics, improper food, and stress have created a dysbiotic state in the gut and almost 81% of the world's population has been affected due to the pandemic of COVID-19 and the prevalence of dengue virus in the past few years. The main intent of this study is to synthesize nanosynbiotics as nu traceuticals by combining probiotics, and prebiotics with nanoformulation. The effectiveness of the nanosynbiotics was evaluated using a variety of Nutra-pharmacogenetic assays leading to an AI-integrated formulation profiling was assessed by using machine learning methods. Consequently, Acetobacter oryzoeni as a probiotic and inulin as a prebiotic has been chosen and iron-mediated nanoformulation of symbiotic is achieved. Nanosynbiotics possessed 89.4, 96.7, 93.57, 83.53, 88.53% potential powers of Nutra-pharmacogenetic assays. Artificial intelligent solid dispersion formulation of nanosynbiotics has high dissolution, absorption, distribution, and synergism, in addition, they are non-tox, non-allergen and have a docking score of - 10.83 kcal/mol, implying the best interaction with Pregnane X receptor involved in dysbiosis. The potential of nanosynbiotics to revolutionize treatment strategies through precise targeting and modulation of the gut microbiome for improved health outcomes and disease management is promising. Their transformational influence is projected to be powered by integration with modern technology and customized formulas. Further in-vivo studies are required for the validation of nanosynbiotics as nutraceuticals.},
}
@article {pmid39116158,
year = {2024},
author = {Filander, ZN and Sink, KJ and Kitahara, MV and Cairns, SD and Lombard, AT},
title = {Diversity patterns of the South African azooxanthellate scleractinians (Cnidaria: Anthozoa), with considerations of environmental correlates.},
journal = {PloS one},
volume = {19},
number = {8},
pages = {e0296188},
pmid = {39116158},
issn = {1932-6203},
mesh = {Animals ; *Anthozoa/classification ; *Biodiversity ; South Africa ; Ecosystem ; Coral Reefs ; },
abstract = {Azooxanthellate scleractinian corals, a group of species that lack a symbiotic relationship with dinoflagellates, are influenced by environmental variables at various scales. As the global commitment to sustainably manage ocean ecosystems and resources rises, there is a growing need to describe biodiversity trends in previously unsampled areas. Benthic invertebrate research in South Africa is a developing field, and many taxa in deep water environments remain inadequately characterized. Recently, the South African azooxanthellate scleractinian fauna was taxonomically reviewed, but their distributional correlations with physical parameters have not been studied. Here we aim to understand the biodiversity gradients of the South African azooxanthellate coral fauna by analysing the environmental correlates of museum samples. The associated coordinate data were georeferenced and depth obtained from a national bathymetric dataset, prior to undertaking a multivariate analysis. This analysis encompassed several steps, including the grouping of the longitude and depth data (environmental data), identifying families characteristic of the group variability, and examining the correlation of the associated data with the biological data. Additionally, the analysis involved quantifying diversity patterns along the environmental gradients. Overall, our results confirmed two longitudinal groups (eastern margin [Group A] vs southern and western margin [Group B]) and 11 depth categories represented within two bathymetric zones (shallow [50-200 m] and deep [300-1000 m]). Caryophylliids, flabellids, and dendrophylliids contributed the most towards distinguishing longitudinal and depth gradients. Both abiotic variable (longitudinal and depth) partially explained coral distribution patterns, with depth being highly correlated to the species variation observed. Data limitations within our data set resulted to unexplained variance, however, despite these limitations, the study demonstrates that historical museum samples provide a valuable data source that can fill research sampling gaps and help improve the understanding of biodiversity patterns of the coral fauna in under sampled marine ecosystems.},
}
@article {pmid39116112,
year = {2024},
author = {Crowley, GM},
title = {Geology controls the distribution of a seed-eating bird: Feeding-tree selection by the glossy black-cockatoo Calyptorhynchus lathami.},
journal = {PloS one},
volume = {19},
number = {8},
pages = {e0308323},
pmid = {39116112},
issn = {1932-6203},
mesh = {Animals ; *Soil/chemistry ; *Seeds/chemistry ; *Trees ; Feeding Behavior/physiology ; },
abstract = {Despite seed production being nutrient-limited, the influence of nutrient pathways on granivore distributions is unclear. This article examines the influence of geology and soil on the distribution of glossy black-cockatoos (Calyptorhynchus lathami), which feed almost exclusively on the kernels of casuarinas (Allocasuarina spp. and Casuarina spp.), and are selective about the trees in which they feed. To clarify the basis of this selection, Food Value (a measure of dry matter intake rate) and kernel nutrient content were compared between feeding and non-feeding trees of drooping sheoak (A. verticillata). Random forest modelling was then used to examine the influence of geology and soil chemistry on Food Value. Finally, logistic generalised additive modelling was used to examine the influence of geology on cockatoo feeding records across the range of black sheoak (A. littoralis) and forest oak (A. torulosa), drawing on a statewide dataset. Food Value-but not kernel nutrient concentrations-influenced feeding tree selection. Soils under drooping sheoak were nutritionally poor, with low nitrogen and phosphorus (despite high concentrations of these nutrients in the kernels), and characterised by two principal components: SALINITY (dominated by exchangeable magnesium and sodium, electrical conductivity, and sulphur) and ACIDITY (pH, iron, and aluminium). Random forest modelling showed that Food Value was highest on sedimentary rocks, with a high ACIDITY score, less than 18 meq 100 g-1 exchangeable calcium, and less than 4% soil organic carbon. The odds of cockatoos selecting casuarinas as feedings tree were three times higher on non-calcareous sedimentary rocks than on other rock types. Non-calcareous sedimentary rocks produce low-fertility, acid soils, which promote nitrogen-fixation by Frankia. I therefore conclude that glossy black-cockatoo distribution is controlled by the casuarina's symbiotic relationship with Frankia, which is ultimately controlled by geology; and that similar relationships may be responsible for the prevalence of several other species on low-fertility and/or acid soils.},
}
@article {pmid39115355,
year = {2024},
author = {Bhatia, V and Fernandez, N and Long, C and Sturm, R and Farhat, W and O'Kelly, F},
title = {Advancements in Hypospadias Management: Trends, Techniques, Training, and Patient-Centric Outcomes.},
journal = {Urology research &amp; practice},
volume = {50},
number = {2},
pages = {94-101},
pmid = {39115355},
issn = {2980-1478},
abstract = {Hypospadias has drawn increasing attention due to its prevalence, complex etiology, and significant impacts on psychological and sexual quality of life. This comprehensive review delves into the facets of hypospadias management, exploring pivotal themes that shape present understanding and practice. We demonstrate potential explanatory factors for its incidence through an analysis of geographic, genetic, and environmental influences. We then contextualize care by exploring historical and evolving surgical techniques, and highlight that advances in surgical approaches employ a spectrum of repair strategies. Innovation in surgical training, with a focus on simulation-based methodologies, offers a bridge between didactic learning and real-world application, which is particularly relevant due to the demonstrated effect of personal experience with hypospadias repair outcomes. Considering the importance of mentorship, case exposure, and hands-on practice, a holistic understanding of expertise cultivation at each training stage is essential. Lastly, patient-centric outcomes research must take center stage, particularly as the impact of our interventions on children with hypospadias will be judged by them as adults. Shifting from solely surgeon-reported outcomes to patient-reported outcomes is emphasized in the review, allowing for a more comprehensive assessment of the influence of surgical interventions across the lifespan. Integrating patients' perspectives refines surgical decision-making to align with expectations, ultimately enhancing overall satisfaction. Our multi-pronged exploration of advancements in hypospadias underscores the symbiotic relationship between evolving surgical techniques, training methodologies, personal experience, and patientreported outcomes. As the field progresses, these insights will collectively contribute to optimizing hypospadias care, advancing both medical practice and patient well-being.},
}
@article {pmid39114883,
year = {2024},
author = {Liu, S and Liu, XB and Zhang, TT and Bai, SX and He, KL and Zhang, YJ and Francis, F and Wang, ZY},
title = {Effects of host plants on aphid feeding behavior, fitness, and Buchnera aphidicola titer.},
journal = {Insect science},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/1744-7917.13428},
pmid = {39114883},
issn = {1744-7917},
abstract = {Aphids are sap-feeding plant pests that depend on their symbiotic relationships with the primary endosymbiont Buchnera aphidicola to adapt to impoverished diets. However, how the host plant affects the aphid primary symbiont and aphid adaptation to host plant transfer are poorly known. In this study, aphid symbiont screening and genotype identification were used to establish 2 aphid strains (Rhopalosiphum maidis [Rm] and Rhopalosiphum padi [Rp] strains) containing only Buchnera without any secondary symbionts for both wheat aphid species (R. maidis and R. padi). Aphid fitness and Buchnera titers were unstable on some of these host plants after transferring to novel host plants (G1-G5), which were influenced by host plant species and generations; however, they stabilized after prolonged feeding on the same plants for 10 generations. The electropenetrography (EPG) records showed that the allocation of aphid feeding time was significantly distinct in the 6 host plants; aphids had more intracellular punctures and spent more nonprobing time on green bristlegrass which was not conducive to its growth compared with other plants. The content of soluble sugar, soluble protein, and amino acid in the leaves of the 6 host plants were also clearly separated. The correlation coefficient analysis showed that the nutrient contents of host plants had significant correlations with aphid feeding behaviors, fitness, and Buchnera titers. In the meantime, aphid fitness, and Buchnera titers were also affected by aphid feeding behaviors. Also, Buchnera titers of aphid natural populations on 6 host plants showed a visible difference. Our study deepened our understanding of the interaction among aphids, endosymbionts, and host plants, indicating that the host plant nutrient content is a predominant factor affecting aphid adaptation to their diet, initially affecting aphid feeding behaviors, and further affecting aphid fitness and Buchnera titers, which would further contribute to exploiting new available strategies for aphid control.},
}
@article {pmid39114281,
year = {2024},
author = {Manske, S},
title = {The Microbiome: A Foundation for Integrative Medicine.},
journal = {Integrative medicine (Encinitas, Calif.)},
volume = {23},
number = {3},
pages = {28-31},
pmid = {39114281},
issn = {1546-993X},
abstract = {CONTEXT: No organ system better integrates interconnectivity across specialties and disciplines than the microbiome. Scientific focus is shifting from microbes as harbingers of disease toward microbes as symbiotic, balanced, commensal ecologies.<br><br>OBJECTIVE: The study intended to discuss and examine the human microbiome, including its development in early life; its impact on various physiological processes that occur throughout the body; and its relationship to dysbiosis; and to investigate microbial mechanisms with clinical applicability across medical specialties.<br><br>SETTING: The study took place at Biocidin Botanicals in Watsonville CA, USA.<br><br>RESULTS: Accumulating research upholds the human microbiome as both a predictive biomarker for disease risk and a viable treatment option for modulating the course of illness. Prebiotic and probiotic interventions continue to demonstrate clinical utility, particularly for gastrointestinal, dermatological, inflammatory, metabolic, and mental-health disorders.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Just as germ theory revolutionized infection control in the twentieth century, microbiome systems science stands to transform the conceptualization of health as the balanced coexistence of human and microbial cells in the twenty-first century.},
}
@article {pmid39113594,
year = {2024},
author = {Johnson, MD and Sakai, HD and Paul, B and Nunorura, T and Dalvi, S and Mudaliyar, M and Shepherd, DC and Shimizu, M and Udupa, S and Ohkuma, M and Kurosawa, N and Ghosal, D},
title = {Large attachment organelle mediates interaction between Nanobdellota archaeon YN1 and its host.},
journal = {The ISME journal},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/ismejo/wrae154},
pmid = {39113594},
issn = {1751-7370},
abstract = {DPANN archaea are an enigmatic superphylum that are difficult to isolate and culture in the laboratory due to their specific culture conditions and apparent ectosymbiotic lifestyle. Here we successfully isolated and cultivated a co-culture system of a novel Nanobdellota archaeon YN1 and its host Sulfurisphaera ohwakuensis YN1HA. We characterised the co-culture system by complementary methods, including metagenomics and metabolic pathway analysis, fluorescence microscopy, and high-resolution electron cryo-tomography (cryoET). We show that YN1 is deficient in essential metabolic processes and requires host resources to proliferate. CryoET imaging revealed an enormous attachment organelle present in the YN1 envelope that forms a direct interaction with the host cytoplasm, bridging the two cells. Together our results unravel the molecular and structural basis of ectosymbiotic relationship between YN1 and YNHA. This research broadens our understanding of DPANN biology and the versatile nature of their ectosymbiotic relationships.},
}
@article {pmid39113397,
year = {2024},
author = {Khan, FK and Sánchez-García, M and Johannesson, H and Ryberg, M},
title = {High rate of gene family evolution in proximity to the origin of ectomycorrhizal symbiosis in Inocybaceae.},
journal = {The New phytologist},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/nph.20007},
pmid = {39113397},
issn = {1469-8137},
support = {2016-04216//Vetenskapsr&#xe5;det/ ; },
abstract = {The genomes of ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi have a reduced number of genes encoding Carbohydrate-Active EnZymes (CAZymes), expansions in transposable elements (TEs) and small secreted proteins (SSPs) compared with saprotrophs. Fewer genes for specific peptidases and lipases in ECM fungi are also reported. It is unclear whether these changes occur at the shift to the ECM habit or are more gradual throughout the evolution of ECM lineages. We generated a genomic dataset of 20 species in the ECM lineage Inocybaceae and compared them with six saprotrophic species. Inocybaceae genomes have fewer CAZymes, peptidases, lipases, secondary metabolite clusters and SSPs and higher TE content than their saprotrophic relatives. There was an increase in the rate of gene family evolution along the branch with the transition to the ECM lifestyle. This branch had very high rate of evolution in CAZymes and had the largest number of contractions. Other significant changes along this branch included expansions in transporters, transposons-related genes and communication genes such as fungal kinases. There is a high concentration of changes in proximity to the transition to the ECM lifestyle, which correspond to the identified key changes for the gain of this lifestyle.},
}
@article {pmid39113314,
year = {2024},
author = {Fluhr, JW and Menzel, P and Schwarzer, R and Nikolaeva, DG and Darlenski, R and Albrecht, M},
title = {Clinical efficacy of a multilamellar cream on skin physiology and microbiome in an epidermal stress model: A controlled double-blinded study.},
journal = {International journal of cosmetic science},
volume = {46},
number = {4},
pages = {566-577},
doi = {10.1111/ics.12950},
pmid = {39113314},
issn = {1468-2494},
mesh = {Humans ; Double-Blind Method ; Adult ; *Microbiota/drug effects ; Middle Aged ; Female ; Young Adult ; *Skin Cream ; *Skin Physiological Phenomena/drug effects ; Male ; Epidermis/drug effects/microbiology ; Skin/microbiology/drug effects ; },
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Stratum corneum (SC) is essential for skin barrier function, mitigating water loss and shielding against potentially harmful substances and allergens. The SC's lipid matrix, arranged in a lamellar structure, is integral to its protective role. Our study explores the restoration effects of a multilamellar cream with an acidic pH compared to a basic placebo cream on skin physiology and its interaction with the skin microbiome after stress induction via tape stripping (TS).<br><br>MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this double-blind study, 14 healthy participants aged 21-58&#x2009;years were assessed pre- and post-tape stripping, followed by a 14&#x2009;days application of a multilamellar test cream and a placebo cream with evaluations on days 7, 14 and 17 for sustained effects. Skin physiology was analysed in terms of epidermal barrier function, SC hydration and surface pH. The microbiome was analysed by 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing the 16S rRNA gene using Illumina MiSeq, with subsequent species identification.<br><br>RESULTS: Our study showed significant improvements in skin barrier repair and SC hydration with verum, particularly after 14&#x2009;days of application, while both creams initially enhanced stratum corneum hydration. No significant changes in surface-pH were detected. The skin microbiome analysis revealed that TS slightly decreased alpha diversity, a trend that verum significantly reversed, enhancing diversity beyond baseline levels after 14&#x2009;days. Overall, while both creams contributed to a broader microbial phyla diversity over time, no significant changes in the abundance of specific genera or species were noted between treatments.<br><br>DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Our study delineates the efficacy of a pH-optimized multilamellar cream in enhancing epidermal barrier recovery and SC hydration post-sequential TS, in contrast to an unstructured basic placebo. Verum cream significantly improved skin barrier function and SC hydration at day 14, with sustained effects evident beyond the treatment period. Furthermore, the multilamellar formulation facilitated the restitution of cutaneous microbiome diversity, a key indicator of healthy skin ecology, underscoring the symbiotic relationship between barrier integrity and microbial composition. These findings underscore the importance of multilamellar emollient structures in dermatological therapeutics, with potential implications for the design of advanced skincare interventions that holistically support cutaneous resilience and homeostasis.},
}
@article {pmid39112609,
year = {2024},
author = {Gavila, P and Ajrithirong, P and Chumnanprai, S and Kalpongnukul, N and Pisitkun, T and Chantarangsu, S and Sriwattanapong, K and Tagami, J and Porntaveetus, T},
title = {Salivary proteomic signatures in severe dental fluorosis.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {14},
number = {1},
pages = {18372},
pmid = {39112609},
issn = {2045-2322},
support = {66-101//Health Systems Research Institute/ ; N42A650229//National Research Council of Thailand/ ; },
mesh = {*Fluorosis, Dental/metabolism ; Humans ; Child ; Male ; *Saliva/metabolism/chemistry ; Female ; *Fluorides/urine/analysis ; Adolescent ; *Proteomics/methods ; Proteome/analysis ; Thailand ; Salivary Proteins and Peptides/metabolism/analysis ; Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator/genetics/metabolism ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry ; Drinking Water ; },
abstract = {The relationship between dental fluorosis and alterations in the salivary proteome remains inadequately elucidated. This study aimed to investigate the salivary proteome and fluoride concentrations in urine and drinking water among Thai individuals afflicted with severe dental fluorosis. Thirty-seven Thai schoolchildren, aged 6-16, were stratified based on Thylstrup and Fejerskov fluorosis index scores: 10 with scores ranging from 5 to 9 (SF) and 27 with a score of 0 (NF). Urinary and water fluoride levels were determined using an ion-selective fluoride electrode. Salivary proteomic profiling was conducted via LC-MS/MS, followed by comprehensive bioinformatic analysis. Results revealed significantly elevated urinary fluoride levels in the SF group (p = 0.007), whereas water fluoride levels did not significantly differ between the two cohorts. Both groups exhibited 104 detectable salivary proteins. The NF group demonstrated notable upregulation of LENG9, whereas the SF group displayed upregulation of LDHA, UBA1, S100A9, H4C3, and LCP1, all associated with the CFTR ion channel. Moreover, the NF group uniquely expressed 36 proteins, and Gene Ontology and pathway analyses suggested a link with various aspects of immune defense. In summary, the study hypothesized that the CFTR ion channel might play a predominant role in severe fluorosis and highlighted the depletion of immune-related salivary proteins, suggesting compromised immune defense in severe fluorosis. The utility of urinary fluoride might be a reliable indicator for assessing excessive fluoride exposure.},
}
@article {pmid39110656,
year = {2024},
author = {Kabir, AH and Thapa, A and Hasan, MR and Parvej, MR},
title = {Local signal from Trichoderma afroharzianum T22 induces host transcriptome and endophytic microbiome leading to growth promotion in sorghum.},
journal = {Journal of experimental botany},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/jxb/erae340},
pmid = {39110656},
issn = {1460-2431},
abstract = {Trichoderma, a highly abundant soil fungus, may benefit plants, yet it remains understudied in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor). In this study, sorghum plants were cultivated for five weeks in soil pots with or without the inoculation of T. afroharzianum T22. We found that plants inoculated with T. afroharzianum T22 exhibited significant increases in growth parameters and nutrient levels, demonstrating its beneficial role in sorghum. The split-root assay demonstrated that T. afroharzianum T22 is essential in both compartments of soil pots for promoting plant growth. This suggests that local signals from this fungus drive symbiotic benefits in sorghum. The RNA-seq analysis revealed the induction of genes responsible for mineral transport (such as nitrate and aquaporin transporters), auxin response, sugar assimilation (hexokinase), and disease resistance (thaumatin) in the roots of sorghum inoculated with T. afroharzianum T22. Microbial community analysis further unveiled the positive role of T. afroharzianum T22 in enriching Penicillium (ITS) and Streptomyces (16S) while reducing disease-causing Fusarium in the roots. The microbial consortium, consisting of enriched microbiomes from bacterial and fungal communities, showed disrupted morphological features in plants inoculated with T. afroharzianum T22 in the absence of S. griseus. However, this disruption was not observed in the absence of P. chrysogenum. These results suggest that S. griseus may act as a helper microbe in close association with T. afroharzianum T22 in the sorghum endosphere. This study provides the first comprehensive explanation of how T. afroharzianum T22 modulates host molecular determinants and endophytic helper microbes, thereby collectively promoting sorghum growth. These findings may encourage the formulation of a synthetic inoculum dominated by T. afroharzianum T22 to enhance growth and stress resilience in sorghum and other similar crops.},
}
@article {pmid39110399,
year = {2024},
author = {Kumar, SC and Kumar, M and Singh, R and Saxena, AK},
title = {Population and genetic diversity of rhizobia nodulating chickpea in Indo-Gangetic plains of India.},
journal = {Brazilian journal of microbiology : [publication of the Brazilian Society for Microbiology]},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {39110399},
issn = {1678-4405},
support = {Application of Microorganisms in Agriculture and Allied Sectors (AMAAS).//Application of Microorganisms in Agriculture and Allied Sectors (AMAAS)./ ; },
abstract = {Chickpea is a crucial leguminous crop and India is the leading producer, with an average yield of 1.18 tons/ha. It is renowned for its specific nodulation with rhizobia. Despite its significance, studies on chickpea-nodulating rhizobia often focused on small-scale investigations within restricted geographical areas. This study delves into the population, genetic diversity, and symbiotic efficiency of chickpea-nodulating rhizobia in the Indo-Gangetic Plains (IGP) of India. The study revealed a low population of chickpea rhizobia (ranging from 11 to 565 cells/g dry soil) across the examined area. Only three samples exhibited a population exceeding 300 cells/g, emphasizing the potential need for inoculation of rhizobia with efficient and competitive strains. Correlation analysis highlighted a significant positive correlation between rhizobial population and organic carbon content, among various soil parameters like pH, electrical conductivity, available nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), and organic carbon content. Among the 79 presumptive rhizobia isolated from 24 IGP locations, 61 successfully nodulated chickpea cultivar Pusa 362. 16S rRNA gene sequencing categorized 54 isolates as Mesorhizobium, four as Rhizobium, and three as Ensifer. Genetic diversity assessed by BOX-PCR revealed sixteen distinct banding patterns, underscoring substantial variability among the strains. The strains exhibited plant growth-promoting activities, salt tolerance up to 3% NaCl, and pH tolerance between 4 and 10. Six symbiotically efficient strains were identified based on their positive impact on nodulation and dry biomass. This study provides crucial insights into the diversity, genetic makeup, and symbiotic efficiency of chickpea rhizobia in the IGP, supporting the potential use of indigenous rhizobia for sustainable chickpea productivity in the region.},
}
@article {pmid39110140,
year = {2024},
author = {Fujimatsu, T and Tsuno, Y and Oonishi, A and Yano, T and Maeda, H and Endo, K and Yazaki, K and Sugiyama, A},
title = {O-Methylated Isoflavones Induce nod Genes of Mesorhizobium ciceri and Pratensein Promotes Nodulation in Chickpea.},
journal = {Journal of agricultural and food chemistry},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1021/acs.jafc.4c03064},
pmid = {39110140},
issn = {1520-5118},
abstract = {Legume plants form symbiotic relationships with rhizobia, which allow plants to utilize atmospheric nitrogen as a nutrient. This symbiosis is initiated by secretion of specific signaling metabolites from the roots, which induce the expression of nod genes in rhizobia. These metabolites are called nod gene inducers (NGIs), and various flavonoids have been found to act as NGIs. However, NGIs of chickpea, the second major pulse crop, remain elusive. We conducted untargeted metabolome analysis of chickpea root exudates to explore metabolites with increased secretion under nitrogen deficiency. Principal component (PC) analysis showed a clear difference between nitrogen deficiency and control, with PC1 alone accounting for 37.5% of the variance. The intensity of two features with the highest PC1 loading values significantly increased under nitrogen deficiency; two prominent peaks were identified as O-methylated isoflavones, pratensein and biochanin A. RNA-seq analysis showed that they induce nodABC gene expression in the Mesorhizobium ciceri symbiont, suggesting that pratensein and biochanin A are chickpea NGIs. Pratensein applied concurrently with M. ciceri at sowing promoted chickpea nodulation. These results demonstrate that pratensein and biochanin A are chickpea NGIs, and pratensein can be useful for increasing nodulation efficiency in chickpea production.},
}
@article {pmid39109809,
year = {2024},
author = {Li, Q and Ji, R and Zi, H and Sun, W and Zhang, Y and Wu, X and Long, Y and Yang, Y},
title = {Life history parameters of Ectropis grisescens (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) in different Wolbachia infection states.},
journal = {Journal of economic entomology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/jee/toae174},
pmid = {39109809},
issn = {1938-291X},
support = {32371581//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 2021YFD1601105//National Key Research and Development/ ; 2023n06020060//Anhui Key Research and Development/ ; },
abstract = {Wolbachia, a prevalent intracellular symbiotic bacterium in insects, plays a significant role in insect biology. Ectropis grisescens (Warren; Lepidoptera: Geometridae) is a devastating chewing pest distributed in tea plantations throughout China. However, it is unclear how Wolbachia titers affect the fitness and reproduction of E. grisescens. In this study, the impacts of 3 different infection lines, naturally Wolbachia-infected, Wolbachia-uninfected, and Wolbachia transinfected, regarding the life history traits of E. grisescens, were evaluated using the age-stage, 2-sex life table. Wolbachia infection significantly shortened preadult duration and preoviposition periods and notably increased the fecundity, net reproductive rate, and finite rate of increase. Meanwhile, population projection indicated that E. grisescens population size with Wolbachia infection can increase faster than without. These results indicate that Wolbachia plays a regulatory role in the fitness of E. grisescens. It is also noted that the life history parameters of E. grisescens may positively correlate with Wolbachia titers. These findings could aid in pest management in tea gardens.},
}
@article {pmid39109796,
year = {2024},
author = {Wagner, M and Döhlemann, J and Geisel, D and Sobetzko, P and Serrania, J and Lenz, P and Becker, A},
title = {Engineering a Sinorhizobium meliloti Chassis with Monopartite, Single Replicon Genome Configuration.},
journal = {ACS synthetic biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1021/acssynbio.4c00281},
pmid = {39109796},
issn = {2161-5063},
abstract = {Multipartite bacterial genomes pose challenges for genome engineering and the establishment of additional replicons. We simplified the tripartite genome structure (3.65 Mbp chromosome, 1.35 Mbp megaplasmid pSymA, 1.68 Mbp chromid pSymB) of the nitrogen-fixing plant symbiont Sinorhizobium meliloti. Strains with bi- and monopartite genome configurations were generated by targeted replicon fusions. Our design preserved key genomic features such as replichore ratios, GC skew, KOPS, and coding sequence distribution. Under standard culture conditions, the growth rates of these strains and the wild type were nearly comparable, and the ability for symbiotic nitrogen fixation was maintained. Spatiotemporal replicon organization and segregation were maintained in the triple replicon fusion strain. Deletion of the replication initiator-encoding genes, including the oriVs of pSymA and pSymB from this strain, resulted in a monopartite genome with oriC as the sole origin of replication, a strongly unbalanced replichore ratio, slow growth, aberrant cellular localization of oriC, and deficiency in symbiosis. Suppressor mutation R436H in the cell cycle histidine kinase CckA and a 3.2 Mbp inversion, both individually, largely restored growth, but only the genomic rearrangement recovered the symbiotic capacity. These strains will facilitate the integration of secondary replicons in S. meliloti and thus be useful for genome engineering applications, such as generating hybrid genomes.},
}
@article {pmid39107841,
year = {2024},
author = {Murphy, RM and Sinotte, VM and Cuesta-Maté, A and Renelies-Hamilton, J and Lenz-Strube, M and Poulsen, M},
title = {Shaping the tripartite symbiosis: are termite microbiome functions directed by the environmentally acquired fungal cultivar?.},
journal = {Animal microbiome},
volume = {6},
number = {1},
pages = {44},
pmid = {39107841},
issn = {2524-4671},
abstract = {Microbiome assembly critically impacts the ability of hosts to access beneficial symbiont functions. Fungus-farming termites have co-evolved with a fungal cultivar as a primary food source and complex gut microbiomes, which collectively perform complementary degradation of plant biomass. A large subset of the bacterial community residing within termite guts are inherited (vertically transmitted) from parental colonies, while the fungal symbiont is, in most termite species, acquired from the environment (horizontally transmitted). It has remained unknown how the gut microbiota sustains incipient colonies prior to the acquisition of the fungal cultivar, and how, if at all, bacterial contributions are modulated by fungus garden establishment. Here, we test the latter by determining the composition and predicted functions of the gut microbiome using metabarcoding and shotgun metagenomics, respectively. We focus our functional predictions on bacterial carbohydrate-active enzyme and nitrogen cycling genes and verify compositional patterns of the former through enzyme activity assays. Our findings reveal that the vast majority of microbial functions are encoded in the inherited microbiome, and that the establishment of fungal gardens incurs only minor modulations of predicted bacterial capacities for carbohydrate and nitrogen metabolism. While we cannot rule out that other symbiont functions are gained post-fungus garden establishment, our findings suggest that fungus-farming termite hosts are equipped with a near-complete set of gut microbiome functions at the earliest stages of colony life. This inherited, incipient bacterial microbiome likely contributes to the high extent of functional specificity and coevolution observed between termite hosts, gut microbiomes, and the fungal cultivar.},
}
@article {pmid39107710,
year = {2024},
author = {Chow, JY and Geng, L and Bansal, S and Dickens, BSL and Ng, LC and Hoffmann, AA and Lim, JT},
title = {Evaluating quasi-experimental approaches for estimating epidemiological efficacy of non-randomised field trials: applications in Wolbachia interventions for dengue.},
journal = {BMC medical research methodology},
volume = {24},
number = {1},
pages = {170},
pmid = {39107710},
issn = {1471-2288},
mesh = {*Wolbachia/physiology ; *Dengue/prevention &amp; control/epidemiology ; Animals ; *Aedes/microbiology/virology ; Humans ; Brazil/epidemiology ; Singapore/epidemiology ; Malaysia/epidemiology ; Incidence ; Mosquito Control/methods ; Mosquito Vectors/microbiology ; Symbiosis ; Pest Control, Biological/methods/statistics &amp; numerical data ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Wolbachia symbiosis in Aedes aegypti is an emerging biocontrol measure against dengue. However, assessing its real-world efficacy is challenging due to the non-randomised, field-based nature of most intervention studies. This research re-evaluates the spatial-temporal impact of Wolbachia interventions on dengue incidence using a large battery of quasi-experimental methods and assesses each method's validity.<br><br>METHODS: A systematic search for Wolbachia intervention data was conducted via PUBMED. Efficacy was reassessed using commonly-used quasi-experimental approaches with extensive robustness checks, including geospatial placebo tests and a simulation study. Intervention efficacies across multiple study sites were computed using high-resolution aggregations to examine heterogeneities across sites and study periods. We further designed a stochastic simulation framework to assess the methods' ability to estimate intervention efficacies (IE).<br><br>RESULTS: Wolbachia interventions in Singapore, Malaysia, and Brazil significantly decreased dengue incidence, with reductions ranging from 48.17% to 69.19%. IEs varied with location and duration. Malaysia showed increasing efficacy over time, while Brazil exhibited initial success with subsequent decline, hinting at operational challenges. Singapore's strategy was highly effective despite partial saturation. Simulations identified Synthetic Control Methods (SCM) and its variant, count Synthetic Control Method (cSCM), as superior in precision, with the smallest percentage errors in efficacy estimation. These methods also demonstrated robustness in placebo tests.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Wolbachia interventions exhibit consistent protective effects against dengue. SCM and cSCM provided the most precise and robust estimates of IEs, validated across simulated and real-world settings.},
}
@article {pmid39106787,
year = {2024},
author = {van Boerdonk, S and Saake, P and Wanke, A and Neumann, U and Zuccaro, A},
title = {β-Glucan-binding proteins are key modulators of immunity and symbiosis in mutualistic plant-microbe interactions.},
journal = {Current opinion in plant biology},
volume = {81},
number = {},
pages = {102610},
doi = {10.1016/j.pbi.2024.102610},
pmid = {39106787},
issn = {1879-0356},
abstract = {In order to discriminate between detrimental, commensal, and beneficial microbes, plants rely on polysaccharides such as β-glucans, which are integral components of microbial and plant cell walls. The conversion of cell wall-associated β-glucan polymers into a specific outcome that affects plant-microbe interactions is mediated by hydrolytic and non-hydrolytic β-glucan-binding proteins. These proteins play crucial roles during microbial colonization: they influence the composition and resilience of host and microbial cell walls, regulate the homeostasis of apoplastic concentrations of β-glucan oligomers, and mediate β-glucan perception and signaling. This review outlines the dual roles of β-glucans and their binding proteins in plant immunity and symbiosis, highlighting recent discoveries on the role of β-glucan-binding proteins as modulators of immunity and as symbiosis receptors involved in the fine-tuning of microbial accommodation.},
}
@article {pmid39106769,
year = {2024},
author = {Ma, J and Li, Y and Zhou, H and Qi, L and Zhang, Z and Zheng, Y and Yu, Z and Muhammad, Z and Yang, X and Xie, Y and Chen, Q and Zou, P and Ma, S and Li, Y and Jing, C},
title = {Chitooligosaccharides and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal fungi alleviate the damage by Phytophthora nicotianae to tobacco seedlings by inducing changes in rhizosphere microecology.},
journal = {Plant physiology and biochemistry : PPB},
volume = {215},
number = {},
pages = {108986},
doi = {10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108986},
pmid = {39106769},
issn = {1873-2690},
abstract = {Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and Chitooligosaccharide (COS) can increase the resistance of plants to disease. COS can also promote the symbiosis between AMF and plants. However, the effects of AMF &amp; COS combined application on the rhizosphere soil microbial community of tobacco and the improvement of tobacco's resistance to black shank disease are poorly understood.·We treated tobacco with AMF, COS, and combined application of AMF &amp; COS (AC), respectively. Then studied the incidence, physio-biochemical changes, root exudates, and soil microbial diversity of tobacco seedling that was inoculated with Phytophthora nicotianae. The antioxidant enzyme activity and root vigor of tobacco showed a regular of AC > AMF > COS > CK, while the severity of tobacco disease showed the opposite regular. AMF and COS enhance the resistance to black shank disease by enhancing root vigor, and antioxidant capacity, and inducing changes in the rhizosphere microecology of tobacco. We have identified key root exudates and critical soil microorganisms that can inhibit the growth of P. nicotianae. The presence of caprylic acid in root exudates and Bacillus (WdhR-2) in rhizosphere soil microorganisms is the key factor that inhibits P. nicotianae growth. AC can significantly increase the content of caprylic acid in tobacco root exudates compared to AMF and COS. Both AMF and COS can significantly increase the abundance of Bacillus in tobacco rhizosphere soil, but the abundance of Bacillus in AC is significantly higher than that in AMF and COS. This indicates that the combined application of AMF and COS is more effective than their individual use. These findings suggest that exogenous stimuli can induce changes in plant root exudates, regulate plant rhizosphere microbial community, and then inhibit the growth of pathogens, thereby improving plant resistance to diseases.},
}
@article {pmid39105583,
year = {2024},
author = {Faulstich, NG and Deloach, AR and Ksor, YB and Mesa, GH and Sharma, DS and Sisk, SL and Mitchell, GC},
title = {Evidence for phosphate-dependent control of symbiont cell division in the model anemone Exaiptasia diaphana.},
journal = {mBio},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e0105924},
doi = {10.1128/mbio.01059-24},
pmid = {39105583},
issn = {2150-7511},
abstract = {UNLABELLED: Reef-building corals depend on symbiosis with photosynthetic algae that reside within their cells. As important as this relationship is for maintaining healthy reefs, it is strikingly delicate. When ocean temperatures briefly exceed the average summer maximum, corals can bleach, losing their endosymbionts. Although the mechanisms governing bleaching are unknown, studies implicate uncoupling of coral and algal cell divisions at high temperatures. Still, little is known regarding the coordination of host and algal cell divisions. Control of nutrient exchange is one likely mechanism. Both nitrogen and phosphate are necessary for dividing cells, and although nitrogen enrichment is known to increase symbiont density in the host, the consequences of phosphate enrichment are poorly understood. Here, we examined the effects of phosphate depletion on symbiont growth in culture and compared the physiology of phosphate-starved symbionts in culture to symbionts that were freshly isolated from a host. We found that available phosphate is as low in freshly isolated symbionts as it is in phosphate-starved cultures. Furthermore, RNAseq revealed that phosphate-limited and freshly isolated symbionts have similar patterns of gene expression for phosphate-dependent genes, most notably upregulation of phosphatases, which is consistent with phosphate recycling. Similarly, lipid profiling revealed a substantial decrease in phospholipid abundance in both phosphate-starved cultures and freshly isolated symbionts. These findings are important because they suggest that limited access to phosphate controls algal cell divisions within a host.<br><br>IMPORTANCE: The corals responsible for building tropical reefs are disappearing at an alarming rate as elevated sea temperatures cause them to bleach and lose the algal symbionts they rely on. Without these symbionts, corals are unable to harvest energy from sunlight and, therefore, struggle to thrive or even survive in the nutrient-poor waters of the tropics. To devise solutions to address the threat to coral reefs, it is necessary to understand the cellular events underpinning the bleaching process. One model for bleaching proposes that heat stress impairs algal photosynthesis and transfer of sugar to the host. Consequently, the host's demands for nitrogen decrease, increasing nitrogen availability to the symbionts, which leads to an increase in algal proliferation that overwhelms the host. Our work suggests that phosphate may play a similar role to nitrogen in this feedback loop.},
}
@article {pmid39104557,
year = {2024},
author = {Duque-Correa, MJ and Clements, KD and Meloro, C and Ronco, F and Boila, A and Indermaur, A and Salzburger, W and Clauss, M},
title = {Diet and habitat as determinants of intestine length in fishes.},
journal = {Reviews in fish biology and fisheries},
volume = {34},
number = {3},
pages = {1017-1034},
pmid = {39104557},
issn = {0960-3166},
abstract = {UNLABELLED: Fish biologists have long assumed a link between intestinal length and diet, and relative gut length or Zihler's index are often used to classify species into trophic groups. This has been done for specific fish taxa or specific ecosystems, but not for a global fish dataset. Here, we assess these relationships across a dataset of 468 fish species (254 marine, 191 freshwater, and 23 that occupy both habitats) in relation to body mass and fish length. Herbivores had significantly relatively stouter bodies and longer intestines than omni- and faunivores. Among faunivores, corallivores had longer intestines than invertivores, with piscivores having the shortest. There were no detectable differences between herbivore groups, possibly due to insufficient understanding of herbivorous fish diets. We propose that reasons for long intestines in fish include (i) difficult-to-digest items that require a symbiotic microbiome, and (ii) the dilution of easily digestible compounds with indigestible material (e.g., sand, wood, exoskeleton). Intestinal indices differed significantly between dietary groups, but there was substantial group overlap. Counter-intuitively, in the largest dataset, marine species had significantly shorter intestines than freshwater fish. These results put fish together with mammals as vertebrate taxa with clear convergence in intestine length in association with trophic level, in contrast to reptiles and birds, even if the peculiar feeding ecology of herbivorous fish is probably more varied than that of mammalian herbivores.<br><br>SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11160-024-09853-3.},
}
@article {pmid39103931,
year = {2024},
author = {Sun, Y and Li, T and Zhou, G and Zhou, Y and Wu, Y and Xu, J and Chen, J and Zhong, S and Zhong, D and Liu, R and Lu, G and Li, Y},
title = {Relationship between deltamethrin resistance and gut symbiotic bacteria of Aedes albopictus by 16S rDNA sequencing.},
journal = {Parasites &amp; vectors},
volume = {17},
number = {1},
pages = {330},
pmid = {39103931},
issn = {1756-3305},
support = {Qhys2022-293//Hainan Provincial Ordinary Higher Education Institutions Graduate Students' Innovative Scientific Research Projects/ ; 824RC516//Natural Science Foundation of Hainan Province/ ; XRC220012//Talent Introduction Fund of Hainan Medical University/ ; 82060375//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 82060379//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 820RC653//Hainan Provincial Natural Science Foundation/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Pyrethrins/pharmacology ; *Nitriles/pharmacology ; *Aedes/microbiology/drug effects ; *Insecticide Resistance ; *Insecticides/pharmacology ; *Larva/microbiology/drug effects ; *RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics ; *Symbiosis ; *Bacteria/drug effects/genetics/isolation &amp; purification/classification ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome/drug effects ; Mosquito Vectors/microbiology/drug effects ; DNA, Ribosomal/genetics ; Female ; DNA, Bacterial/genetics ; Gastrointestinal Tract/microbiology ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Aedes albopictus is an important vector for pathogens such as dengue, Zika, and chikungunya viruses. While insecticides is the mainstay for mosquito control, their widespread and excessive use has led to the increased resistance in Ae. albopictus globally. Gut symbiotic bacteria are believed to play a potential role in insect physiology, potentially linking to mosquitoes' metabolic resistance against insecticides.<br><br>METHODS: We investigated the role of symbiotic bacteria in the development of resistance in Ae.&#xa0;albopictus by comparing gut symbiotic bacteria between deltamethrin-sensitive and deltamethrin-resistant populations. Adults were reared from field-collected larvae. Sensitive and resistant mosquitoes were screened using 0.03% and 0.09% deltamethrin, respectively, on the basis of the World Health Organization (WHO) tube bioassay. Sensitive and resistant field-collected larvae were screened using 5&#x2009;&#xd7;&#x2009;LC50 (lethal concentration at 50% mortality) and 20&#x2009;&#xd7;&#x2009;LC50 concentration of deltamethrin, respectively. Laboratory strain deltamethrin-sensitive adults and larvae were used as controls. The DNA of gut samples from these mosquitoes were extracted using the magnetic bead method. Bacterial 16S rDNA was sequenced using BGISEQ method. We isolated and cultured gut microorganisms from adult and larvae mosquitoes using four different media: Luria Bertani (LB), brain heart infusion (BHI), nutrient agar (NA), and salmonella shigella (SS).<br><br>RESULTS: Sequencing revealed significantly higher gut microbial diversity in field-resistant larvae compared with field-sensitive and laboratory-sensitive larvae (P&#x2009;<&#x2009;0.01). Conversely, gut microorganism diversity in field-resistant and field-sensitive adults was significantly lower compared with laboratory-sensitive adults (P&#x2009;<&#x2009;0.01). At the species level, 25 and 12 bacterial species were isolated from the gut of field resistant larvae and adults, respectively. The abundance of Flavobacterium spp., Gemmobacter spp., and Dysgonomonas spp. was significantly higher in the gut of field-resistant larvae compared with sensitive larvae (all P&#x2009;<&#x2009;0.05). Furthermore, the abundance of Flavobacterium spp., Pantoea spp., and Aeromonas spp. was significantly higher in the gut of field-resistant adults compared with sensitive adults (all P&#x2009;<&#x2009;0.05). The dominant and differentially occurring microorganisms were also different between resistant larval and adult mosquitoes. These findings suggest that the gut commensal bacteria of Ae.&#xa0;albopictus adults and larvae may play distinct roles in their deltamethrin resistance.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: This study provides an empirical basis for further exploration of the mechanisms underlying the role of gut microbial in insecticide resistance, potentially opening a new prospect for mosquito control strategies.},
}
@article {pmid39103572,
year = {2024},
author = {Fan, X and Matsumoto, H and Xu, H and Fang, H and Pan, Q and Lv, T and Zhan, C and Feng, X and Liu, X and Su, D and Fan, M and Ma, Z and Berg, G and Li, S and Cernava, T and Wang, M},
title = {Aspergillus cvjetkovicii protects against phytopathogens through interspecies chemical signalling in the phyllosphere.},
journal = {Nature microbiology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {39103572},
issn = {2058-5276},
support = {32122074//National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China)/ ; U21A20219//National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China)/ ; },
abstract = {Resident microbiota produces small molecules that influence the chemical microenvironments on leaves, but its signalling roles in pathogen defence are not yet well understood. Here we show that Aspergillus cvjetkovicii, enriched in rice leaf microbiota, subverts Rhizoctonia solani infections via small-molecule-mediated interspecies signalling. 2,4-Di-tert-butylphenol (2,4-DTBP), identified as a key signalling molecule within the Aspergillus-enriched microbiota, effectively neutralizes reactive oxygen species-dependent pathogenicity by switching off bZIP-activated AMT1 transcription in R. solani. Exogenous application of A. cvjetkovicii and 2,4-DTBP demonstrated varying degrees of protective effects against R. solani infection in diverse crops, including cucumber, maize, soybean and tomato. In rice field experiments, they reduced the R. solani-caused disease index to 19.7-32.2%, compared with 67.2-82.6% in the control group. Moreover, 2,4-DTBP showed activity against other rice phytopathogens, such as Fusarium fujikuroi. These findings reveal a defensive strategy against phytopathogens in the phyllosphere, highlighting the potential of symbiotic microbiota-driven neutralization of pathogenicity.},
}
@article {pmid39103138,
year = {2024},
author = {Trueba, G and Cardenas, P and Romo, G and Gutierrez, B},
title = {Reevaluating Human-Microbiota Symbiosis: Strain-Level Insights and Evolutionary Perspectives Across Animal Species.},
journal = {Bio Systems},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {105283},
doi = {10.1016/j.biosystems.2024.105283},
pmid = {39103138},
issn = {1872-8324},
abstract = {The prevailing consensus in scientific literature underscores the mutualistic bond between the microbiota and the human host, suggesting a finely tuned coevolutionary partnership that enhances the fitness of both parties. This symbiotic relationship has been extensively studied, with certain bacterial attributes being construed as hallmarks of natural selection favoring the benefit of the human host. Some scholars go as far as equating the intricate interplay between humans and their intestinal microbiota to that of endosymbiotic relationships, even conceptualizing microbiota as an integral human organ. However, amidst the prevailing narrative of bacterial species being categorized as beneficial or detrimental to human health, a critical oversight often emerges - the inherent functional diversity within bacterial strains. Such reductionist perspectives risk oversimplifying the complex dynamics at play within the microbiome. Recent genomic analysis at the strain level is highly limited, which is surprising given that strain information provides critical data about selective pressures in the intestine. These pressures appear to focus more on the well-being of bacteria rather than human health. Connected to this is the extent to which animals depend on metabolic activity from intestinal bacteria, which varies widely across species. While omnivores like humans exhibit lower dependency, certain herbivores rely entirely on bacterial activity and have developed specialized compartments to house these bacteria.},
}
@article {pmid39102287,
year = {2024},
author = {Wang, H and He, K and Zhang, H and Zhang, Q and Cao, L and Li, J and Zhong, Z and Chen, H and Zhou, L and Lian, C and Wang, M and Chen, K and Qian, PY and Li, C},
title = {Deciphering deep-sea chemosynthetic symbiosis by single-nucleus RNA-sequencing.},
journal = {eLife},
volume = {12},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {39102287},
issn = {2050-084X},
support = {LSKJ202203104//Science and Technology Innovation Project of Laoshan Laboratory/ ; 42030407//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; HJ202101//Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory/ ; SMSEGL24SC01//Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory/ ; 2019B030302004//Major Project of Basic and Applied Basic Research of Guangdong Province/ ; C2013-22G//Research Grants Council of Hong Kong/ ; 16101822//Research Grants Council of Hong Kong/ ; 2022B1515020033//Guangdong Natural Science Funds for Distinguished Young Scholar/ ; },
mesh = {*Symbiosis ; Animals ; Gills/microbiology ; Sequence Analysis, RNA/methods ; Bivalvia/microbiology/genetics ; Mytilidae/genetics/microbiology ; Bacteria/genetics ; },
abstract = {Bathymodioline mussels dominate deep-sea methane seep and hydrothermal vent habitats and obtain nutrients and energy primarily through chemosynthetic endosymbiotic bacteria in the bacteriocytes of their gill. However, the molecular mechanisms that orchestrate mussel host-symbiont interactions remain unclear. Here, we constructed a comprehensive cell atlas of the gill in the mussel Gigantidas platifrons from the South China Sea methane seeps (1100 m depth) using single-nucleus RNA-sequencing (snRNA-seq) and whole-mount in situ hybridisation. We identified 13 types of cells, including three previously unknown ones, and uncovered unknown tissue heterogeneity. Every cell type has a designated function in supporting the gill's structure and function, creating an optimal environment for chemosynthesis, and effectively acquiring nutrients from the endosymbiotic bacteria. Analysis of snRNA-seq of in situ transplanted mussels clearly showed the shifts in cell state in response to environmental oscillations. Our findings provide insight into the principles of host-symbiont interaction and the bivalves' environmental adaption mechanisms.},
}
@article {pmid39101985,
year = {2024},
author = {Rakotondraibe, HLR and Spjut, RW and Addo, EM},
title = {Chemical Constituents Isolated from the Lichen Biome of Selected Species Native to North America.},
journal = {Progress in the chemistry of organic natural products},
volume = {124},
number = {},
pages = {185-233},
pmid = {39101985},
issn = {2191-7043},
mesh = {*Lichens/chemistry ; North America ; Molecular Structure ; Penicillium/chemistry ; Biological Products/chemistry/isolation &amp; purification ; },
abstract = {A lichen is a symbiotic association composed of a primary mycobionts and one or more photobionts living mutualistically together, forming a distinct morphological entity beneficial to their partnership and to other associated fungi, photobionts, and bacteria that collectively make up the lichen biome. The taxonomic identification of a lichen species often requires determination of the primary mycobiont's secondary metabolites, the key morphological characteristics of the thallus, and how it relates to other lichen species as seen in DNA phylogeny. This chapter covers lichens and their bionts, taxonomic identification, and their chemical constituents as exemplified by what is found in lichen biomes, especially those endemic to North America. Extraction and isolation, as well as updates on dereplication methods using mass spectrometric GNPS and NMR spectroscopic spin network fingerprint procedures, and marker-based techniques to identify lichens are discussed. The isolation and structure elucidation of secondary metabolites of an endolichenic Penicillium species that produces bioactive compounds will be described in detail.},
}
@article {pmid39100871,
year = {2024},
author = {Sámano, ML and Nanjareddy, K and Arthikala, MK},
title = {NIN-like proteins (NLPs) as crucial nitrate sensors: an overview of their roles in nitrogen signaling, symbiosis, abiotic stress, and beyond.},
journal = {Physiology and molecular biology of plants : an international journal of functional plant biology},
volume = {30},
number = {7},
pages = {1209-1223},
pmid = {39100871},
issn = {0971-5894},
abstract = {Nitrogen is an essential macronutrient critical for plant growth and productivity. Plants have the capacity to uptake inorganic nitrate and ammonium, with nitrate playing a crucial role as a signaling molecule in various cellular processes. The availability of nitrate and the signaling pathways involved finely tune the processes of nitrate uptake and assimilation. NIN-like proteins (NLPs), a group of transcription factors belonging to the RWP-RK gene family, act as major nitrate sensors and are implicated in the primary nitrate response (PNR) within the nucleus of both non-leguminous and leguminous plants through their RWP-RK domains. In leguminous plants, NLPs are indispensable for the initiation and development of nitrogen-fixing nodules in symbiosis with rhizobia. Moreover, NLPs play pivotal roles in plant responses to abiotic stresses, including drought and cold. Recent studies have identified NLP homologs in oomycete pathogens, suggesting their potential involvement in pathogenesis and virulence. This review article delves into the conservation of RWP-RK genes, examining their significance and implications across different plant species. The focus lies on the role of NLPs as nitrate sensors, investigating their involvement in various processes, including rhizobial symbiosis in both leguminous and non-leguminous plants. Additionally, the multifaceted functions of NLPs in abiotic stress responses, developmental processes, and interactions with plant pathogens are explored. By comprehensively analyzing the role of NLPs in nitrate signaling and their broader implications for plant growth and development, this review sheds light on the intricate mechanisms underlying nitrogen sensing and signaling in various plant lineages.},
}
@article {pmid39100752,
year = {2024},
author = {Burgess, SC and Turner, AM and Johnston, EC},
title = {Niche breadth and divergence in sympatric cryptic coral species (Pocillopora spp.) across habitats within reefs and among algal symbionts.},
journal = {Evolutionary applications},
volume = {17},
number = {8},
pages = {e13762},
pmid = {39100752},
issn = {1752-4571},
abstract = {While the presence of morphologically cryptic species is increasingly recognized, we still lack a useful understanding of what causes and maintains co-occurring cryptic species and its consequences for the ecology, evolution, and conservation of communities. We sampled 724 Pocillopora corals from five habitat zones (the fringing reef, back reef, and fore reef at 5, 10, and 20 m) at four sites around the island of Moorea, French Polynesia. Using validated genetic markers, we identified six sympatric species of Pocillopora, most of which cannot be reliably identified based on morphology: P. meandrina (42.9%), P. tuahiniensis (25.1%), P. verrucosa (12.2%), P. acuta (10.4%), P. grandis (7.73%), and P. cf. effusa (2.76%). For 423 colonies (58% of the genetically identified hosts), we also used psbA [ncr] or ITS2 markers to identify symbiont species (Symbiodiniaceae). The relative abundance of Pocillopora species differed across habitats within the reef. Sister taxa P. verrucosa and P. tuahiniensis had similar niche breadths and hosted the same specialist symbiont species (mostly Cladocopium pacificum) but the former was more common in the back reef and the latter more common deeper on the fore reef. In contrast, sister taxa P. meandrina and P. grandis had the highest niche breadths and overlaps and tended to host the same specialist symbiont species (mostly C. latusorum). Pocillopora acuta had the narrowest niche breadth and hosted the generalist, and more thermally tolerant, Durusdinium gynnii. Overall, there was a positive correlation between reef habitat niche breadth and symbiont niche breadth-Pocillopora species with a broader habitat niche also had a broader symbiont niche. Our results show how fine-scale variation within reefs plays an important role in the generation and coexistence of cryptic species. The results also have important implications for how niche differences affect community resilience, and for the success of coral restoration practices, in ways not previously appreciated.},
}
@article {pmid39100162,
year = {2024},
author = {Neely, WJ and Souza, KMC and Martins, RA and Marshall, VM and Buttimer, SM and Brito de Assis, A and Medina, D and Whetstone, RD and Lyra, ML and Ribeiro, JW and Greenspan, SE and Haddad, CFB and Alves Dos Anjos, L and Becker, CG},
title = {Host-associated helminth diversity and microbiome composition contribute to anti-pathogen defences in tropical frogs impacted by forest fragmentation.},
journal = {Royal Society open science},
volume = {11},
number = {6},
pages = {240530},
pmid = {39100162},
issn = {2054-5703},
abstract = {Habitat fragmentation can negatively impact wildlife populations by simplification of ecological interactions, but little is known about how these impacts extend to host-associated symbiotic communities. The symbiotic communities of amphibians play important roles in anti-pathogen defences, particularly against the amphibian chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd). In this study, we analyse the role of macroparasitic helminth communities in concert with microbial communities in defending the host against Bd infection within the context of forest fragmentation. We found that skin microbial and helminth communities are disrupted at fragmented habitats, while gut microbiomes appear more resilient to environmental change. We also detected potential protective roles of helminth diversity and anti-pathogen microbial function in limiting Bd infection. Microbial network analysis revealed strong patterns of structure in both skin and gut communities, with helminths playing central roles in these networks. We reveal consistent roles of microbial and helminth diversity in driving host-pathogen interactions and the potential implications of fragmentation on host fitness.},
}
@article {pmid39099171,
year = {2024},
author = {Zhang, X and Wu, J and Kong, Z},
title = {Cellular basis of the legume-rhizobium symbiosis.},
journal = {Plant communications},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {101045},
doi = {10.1016/j.xplc.2024.101045},
pmid = {39099171},
issn = {2590-3462},
abstract = {The legume-rhizobium symbiosis represents the most important system for terrestrial biological nitrogen fixation. During the legume-rhizobium symbiosis, efficient nitrogen fixation depends on successful rhizobia infection and complete endosymbiosis, which are achieved by complicated cellular events involving cell wall remodeling, cytoskeletal reorganizations, and extensive membrane expansion and trafficking. In this review, we depict dynamic remodeling of the plant-unique cell Wall-Membrane system-Cytoskeleton continuum during symbiotic nitrogen fixation, especially in rhizobia uptake, infection thread formation and elongation, rhizobia droplet release, cytoplasmic bridge formation, and rhizobia endosymbiosis for efficient nitrogen fixation. We finally discuss the advanced techniques for deeply exploring the cellular basis of root nodule symbiosis, and provide insights into the unsolved mysteries of robust symbiotic nitrogen fixation.},
}
@article {pmid39098983,
year = {2024},
author = {Prajapati, K and Prajapati, J and Patel, D and Patel, R and Varshnei, A and Saraf, M and Goswami, D},
title = {Multidisciplinary advances in kombucha fermentation, health efficacy, and market evolution.},
journal = {Archives of microbiology},
volume = {206},
number = {9},
pages = {366},
pmid = {39098983},
issn = {1432-072X},
mesh = {*Fermentation ; Humans ; *Kombucha Tea/microbiology ; Yeasts/metabolism/genetics ; Bacteria/metabolism/genetics ; },
abstract = {Kombucha, a fermented tea beverage, has seen a significant rise in global popularity. This increase is attributed to its reported health benefits and extensive cultural heritage. The comprehensive review examines kombucha through microbiology, biochemistry, and health sciences, highlighting its therapeutic potential and commercial viability. Central to kombucha production is the symbiotic culture of bacteria and yeasts (SCOBY), which regulates a complex fermentation process, resulting in a bioactive-rich elixir. The study examines the microbial dynamics of SCOBY, emphasizing the roles of various microorganisms. It focuses the contributions of acetic acid bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, and osmophilic yeasts, including genera such as Saccharomyces, Schizosaccharomyces, Zygosaccharomyces, Brettanomyces/Dekkera, and Pichia. These microorganisms play crucial roles in producing bioactive compounds, including organic acids, polyphenols, and vitamins. These bioactive compounds confer therapeutic properties to kombucha. These properties include antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, antihypertensive, cancer prevention, hepatoprotective, and detoxifying effects. The review also explores the growing market for kombucha, driven by consumer demand for functional beverages and opportunities for innovative product development. It emphasizes the necessity of standardized production to ensure safety and validate health claims. Identifying research gaps, the review highlights the importance of clinical trials to verify therapeutic benefits. Ultimately, this study integrates traditional knowledge with scientific research, providing directions for future studies and commercial expansion, emphasizing the role of kombucha in health and wellness.},
}
@article {pmid39098355,
year = {2024},
author = {Cheng, S and Liu, X and Pastore, C and di Bitonto, L and Li, A},
title = {Low-carbon wastewater treatment and resource recovery of recirculating aquaculture system by immobilized chlorella vulgaris based on machine learning optimization.},
journal = {Bioresource technology},
volume = {408},
number = {},
pages = {131208},
doi = {10.1016/j.biortech.2024.131208},
pmid = {39098355},
issn = {1873-2976},
abstract = {Immobilized microalgae biotechnologies can conserve water and space by low-carbon wastewater treatment and resource recovery in a recirculating aquaculture system (RAS). However, technical process parameters have been unoptimized considering the mutual interaction between factors. In this study, machine learning optimized the parameters of alginate-immobilized Chlorella vulgaris (C. vulgaris), that is, 474 μmol/(m[2]·s) of light intensity, 23 × 10[6] cells/mL for initial cell number, and 2.07 mm particle size. Importantly, under continuous illumination, the immobilized C. vulgaris and microalgal-bacterial consortium improved water purification and biomass reutilization. Transcriptomics of C. vulgaris showed enhanced nitrogen removal by increasing pyridine nucleotide and lipid accumulation via enhanced triacylglycerol synthesis. Symbiotic bacteria upregulated genes for nitrate reduction and organic matter degradation, which stimulated biomass accumulation through CO2 fixation and starch synthesis. The recoverable microalgae (1.94 g/L biomass, 47 % protein, 26.23 % lipids), struvite (64.79 % phosphorus), and alginate (79.52 %) every two weeks demonstrates a low-carbon resource recovery in RAS.},
}
@article {pmid39097980,
year = {2024},
author = {Bilgo, E and Mancini, MV and Gnambani, JE and Dokpomiwa, HAT and Murdochy, S and Lovett, B and St Leger, R and Sinkins, SP and Diabate, A},
title = {Wolbachia confers protection against the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium pingshaense in African Aedes aegypti.},
journal = {Environmental microbiology reports},
volume = {16},
number = {4},
pages = {e13316},
doi = {10.1111/1758-2229.13316},
pmid = {39097980},
issn = {1758-2229},
support = {108508/Z/15/Z/WT_/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom ; 202888/Z/16/Z/WT_/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom ; 226166/Z/22/Z/WT_/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom ; AV/PP0025/1/BB_/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom ; },
mesh = {*Wolbachia/physiology/genetics ; Animals ; *Metarhizium/physiology ; *Aedes/microbiology ; Symbiosis ; Pest Control, Biological ; Burkina Faso ; Mosquito Control/methods ; Fertility ; Mosquito Vectors/microbiology ; Female ; Longevity ; },
abstract = {Symbiotic and pathogenic microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi represent promising alternatives to chemical insecticides to respond to the rapid increase of insecticide resistance and vector-borne disease outbreaks. This study investigated the interaction of two strains of Wolbachia, wAlbB and wAu, with the natural entomopathogenic fungi from Burkina Faso Metarhizium pingshaense, known to be lethal against Anopheles mosquitoes. In addition to showing the potential of Metarhizium against African Aedes aegypti wild-type populations, our study shows that the wAlbB and wAu provide a protective advantage against entomopathogenic fungal infections. Compared to controls, fungal-infected wAu and wAlbB-carrying mosquitoes showed higher longevity, without any significant impact on fecundity and fertility phenotypes. This study provides new insights into the complex multipartite interaction among the mosquito host, the Wolbachia endosymbiont and the entomopathogenic fungus that might be employed to control mosquito populations. Future research should investigate the fitness costs of Wolbachia, as well as its spread and prevalence within mosquito populations. Additionally, evaluating the impact of Wolbachia on interventions involving Metarhizium pingshaense through laboratory and semi-field population studies will provide valuable insights into the effectiveness of this combined approach.},
}
@article {pmid39097560,
year = {2024},
author = {Bell, SS and McElmurray, P and Creed, RP and Brown, BL},
title = {Impacts of invasion on a freshwater cleaning symbiosis.},
journal = {Oecologia},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {39097560},
issn = {1432-1939},
support = {479755//National Science Foundation/ ; },
abstract = {Organismal invasions have repeatedly been cited as a driving force behind the loss of biodiversity. Unlike many other impacts of invasion, the effect of invasion on native symbiont communities has received less attention. The introduction of invasive hosts presents a potential opportunity to native symbionts; invasive hosts could benefit native symbionts through providing a novel host environment that improves symbiont fitness relative to their fitness on native hosts. Alternatively, invasive hosts could noncompetent hosts for native symbionts, resulting in negative impacts on native symbiont abundance and diversity. Crayfish in the northern hemisphere host diverse assemblages of obligate annelid symbionts (P: Anellida, O: Branchiobdellida). Two invasive crayfish hosts in the genus Faxonius have been introduced and are interacting with the native crayfish hosts and their symbionts in three watersheds in western Virginia, USA. Previous studies suggest that the invasive host F. cristavarius is a less competent host for symbionts compared to native hosts in the genus Cambarus. We carried out an extensive survey in these watersheds to determine impacts of varying degrees of invasion on branchiobdellidan abundance and diversity. We also conducted a complementary host replacement experiment to investigate how increases in the relative abundance of invasive hosts contributes to observed patterns of symbiont abundance and diversity in the field. In our survey, as the proportion of invasive hosts at a site increased, branchiobdellidan abundance and diversity declined significantly. In the experiment, the worms dispersed onto both native and invasive hosts. As the percentage of noncompetent F. cristavarius hosts increased, the survival of branchiobdellidans declined. Both symbiont survival and opportunities for successful dispersal are reduced as this noncompetent invasive host progressively displaces native hosts, which imperils the integrity of native host-symbiont systems. Given that many native hosts accrue significant fitness benefits from their relationships with native symbionts, including hosts in our study system, losses of beneficial symbionts may produce a positive feedback loop that decreases invasion resistance of native species, exacerbates the effects of invasions, and presents a major conservation issue in invaded systems.},
}
@article {pmid39097257,
year = {2024},
author = {Xia, X and Wang, L and Pei, H and Dong, C and Zhang, Y and Ding, J},
title = {Nanoplastics exposure simplifies the network structure of sea cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus) gut microbiota and improves cluster randomness.},
journal = {Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {124663},
doi = {10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124663},
pmid = {39097257},
issn = {1873-6424},
abstract = {Nanoplastics (NPs) are abundant in ocean environments, leading to environmental pollution and notable disruptions to the physiological functions of marine animals. To investigate the toxic effects of NPs on echinoderms, specifically sea cucumbers (Apostichopus japonicus), they were exposed to varying concentrations of NPs (0, 10[2], 10[4] particles/L) for 14 d. Subsequently, the 10[2] particles/L exposure group was purified for 35 d to elucidate the impact of both NPs exposure and purification on the intestinal bacteria structure and function. The results showed that the richness and variety of intestinal bacteria in sea cucumbers significantly reduced under NPs exposure, and then they could be restored to the pre-exposure treatment state after 35 d of purification. With the increase of NPs exposure concentration in the environment, the intestinal core bacteria gradually changed from Firmicutes and Proteobacteria to Pseudoalteromonas and Vibrio. The KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) pathway database annotated that the gut microbiota of sea cucumbers was significantly downregulated in the glycosylation, carbohydratic and amino acid metabolic pathways (P < 0. 05), exogenous substance biodegradation and metabolism, DNA replication and repair pathways were significantly up-regulated (P < 0.05) under the exposure of NPs. In addition, nanoplastics exposure simplified the symbiotic network relationships of the gut bacteria, reduced the selective effect of host on the intestinal bacteria, and increased stochasticity. In conclusion, waterborne NPs can adversely affect the structure and function of sea cucumber intestinal bacteria, with these effects persisting for a duration. However, as the purification time lengthens, these adverse effects gradually diminish. This study aims to provide some theoretical basis for the biotoxic effects of NPs.},
}
@article {pmid39097071,
year = {2024},
author = {Brito, TL and Edson, EA and Dias Florêncio, KG and Machado-Neto, JA and Garnique, ADMB and Mesquita Luiz, JP and Cunha, FQ and Alves-Filho, JC and Haygood, M and Wilke, DV},
title = {Tartrolon D induces immunogenic cell death in melanoma.},
journal = {Chemico-biological interactions},
volume = {400},
number = {},
pages = {111177},
doi = {10.1016/j.cbi.2024.111177},
pmid = {39097071},
issn = {1872-7786},
abstract = {UNLABELLED: Tartrolon D (TRL) is produced by Teredinibacter turnerae, a symbiotic cellulose-degrading bacteria in shipworm gills. Immunogenic cell death (ICD) induction contributes to a better and longer-lasting response to anticancer treatment. Tumor cells undergoing ICD trigger activation of the immune system, as a vaccine.<br><br>AIMS: This study aimed to evaluate ICD induction by TRL.<br><br>MAIN METHODS: Cell viability was evaluated by SRB assay. Cell stress, cell death, ICD features and antigen-presenting molecules were evaluated by flow cytometry and immunoblot.<br><br>KEY FINDINGS: TRL showed antiproliferative activity on 7 tumor cell lines (L929, HCT 116, B16-F10, WM293A, SK-MEL-28, PC-3M, and MCF-7) and a non-tumor cell (HEK293A), with an inhibition concentration mean (IC50) ranging from 0.03 &#x3bc;M to 13 &#x3bc;M. Metastatic melanomas, SK-MEL-28, B16-F10, and WM293A, were more sensitive cell lines, with IC50 ranging from 0.07 to 1.2 &#x3bc;M. TRL induced apoptosis along with autophagy and endoplasmic reticulum stress and release of typical damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) of ICD such calreticulin, ERp57, and HSP70 exposure, and HMGB1 release. Additionally, melanoma B16-F10 exposed to TRL increased expression of antigen-presenting molecules MHC II and CD1d and induced activation of splenocytes of C57BL/6 mice.<br><br>SIGNIFICANCE: In spite of recent advances provided by target therapy and immunotherapy, advanced metastatic melanoma is incurable for more than half of patients. ICD inducers yield better and long-lasting responses to anticancer treatment. Our findings shed light on an anticancer candidate of marine origin that induces ICD in melanoma.},
}
@article {pmid39096733,
year = {2024},
author = {Zeng, X and Wang, J and Yuan, W and Zhou, Y and Beiyuan, J and Deng, P and Cao, H and Chen, Y and Wei, X and Li, L and Liu, J},
title = {Mitigation of thallium threat in paddy soil and rice plant by application of functional biochar.},
journal = {Journal of environmental management},
volume = {367},
number = {},
pages = {121861},
doi = {10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.121861},
pmid = {39096733},
issn = {1095-8630},
abstract = {Thallium (Tl) is a highly toxic metal, and its contamination in soils entails high risks to human health via food chain. It remains largely unknown of the effects of applying biochar on Tl uptake in paddy systems despite that few studies have shown that biochar exhibits great potential for decreasing Tl bioavailability in soils. Herein, we examined the mitigating effects of the application of biochar (5 and 20 g/kg pristine biochar; 5 and 20 g/kg Fe/Mn-modified biochar) on Tl uptake in paddy soil and rice plant after an entire rice growth period. The results suggested that the application of Fe/Mn-modified biochar (FMBC) considerably mitigated the accumulation of Tl in different tissues of rice plants. Specifically, total Tl content in rice plants treated with FMBC-20 decreased by over 75% compared with control experiment. In addition, the amendment of FMBC in Tl-rich paddy soils can enhance the communities of microorganisms (Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria). Further analysis of the soil microbial symbiosis network revealed that FMBC promotes the living microorganisms to play modular synergistic interactions, which is crucial for FMBC-induced Tl stabilization in soils. All these findings indicated that FMBC is an efficient and environmentally friendly Tl-immobilization alternative material and can be potentially used in the remediation of Tl-contaminated paddy soils and/or cropland.},
}
@article {pmid39095847,
year = {2024},
author = {Nakawaki, T and Watanabe, S and Hosokawa, T},
title = {The burrower bug Macroscytus japonensis (Hemiptera: Cydnidae) acquires obligate symbiotic bacteria from the environment.},
journal = {Zoological letters},
volume = {10},
number = {1},
pages = {15},
pmid = {39095847},
issn = {2056-306X},
abstract = {Many plant-feeding stinkbugs belonging to the infraorder Pentatomomorpha possess a specialized symbiotic organ at the posterior end of the midgut, in which mutualistic bacterial symbionts are harbored extracellularly. In species of the superfamily Pentatomoidea, these symbionts typically are verticallytransmitted from host mothers to offspring, whereas in species of the superfamilies Coreoidea and Lygaeoidea they are acquired from the environment. In the pentatomoid family Cydnidae, vertical symbiont transmission has been reported in several species. Here, we report the first case of environmental symbiont acquisition in Cydnidae, observed in the burrower bug Macroscytus japonensis. A comprehensive survey of 72 insect samples from 23 sites across the Japanese archipelago revealed that (1) symbionts exhibit remarkably high diversity, forming six distinct phylogenetic groups within the Enterobacteriaceae of the γ-Proteobacteria, (2) most symbionts are cultivable and closely related to free-living Pantoea-allied bacteria, and (3) symbiont phylogenetic groups do not reflect the host phylogeny. Microbial inspection of eggs revealed the absence of bacteria on the egg surface. These results strongly suggest that symbionts are acquired from the environment, not vertical transmission. Rearing experiments confirmed environmental symbiont acquisition. When environmental symbiont sources were experimentally withheld, nymphs became aposymbiotic and died before molting to the second instar, indicating that nymphs environmentally acquire symbionts during the first-instar stage and that symbionts are essential for nymphal growth and survival. This study highlights Cydnidae as the only pentatomoid family that includes species that environmentally acquire symbionts and those that vertically transmit symbionts, providing an ideal platform for comparative studies of the ecological and environmental factors that influence the evolution of symbiont transmission modes.},
}
@article {pmid39095694,
year = {2024},
author = {He, X and Zou, J and Chen, Q and Qin, X and Liu, Y and Zeng, L and Su, H},
title = {Microbial and transcriptional response of Acropora valida and Turbinaria peltata to Vibrio coralliilyticus challenge: insights into corals disease resistance.},
journal = {BMC microbiology},
volume = {24},
number = {1},
pages = {288},
pmid = {39095694},
issn = {1471-2180},
mesh = {*Anthozoa/microbiology/genetics/immunology ; Animals ; *Vibrio/genetics ; *Disease Resistance/genetics ; Symbiosis/genetics ; Microbiota/genetics ; Coral Reefs ; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Coral diseases are significant drivers of global coral reef degradation, with pathogens dominated by Vibrio coralliilyticus playing a prominent role in the development of coral diseases. Coral phenotype, symbiotic microbial communities, and host transcriptional regulation have been well-established as factors involved in determining coral disease resistance, but the underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood.<br><br>METHODS: This study employs high-throughput sequencing to analyse the symbiotic microbial and transcriptional response of the hosts in order to evaluate the disease resistance of Acropora valida and Turbinaria peltata exposed to Vibrio coralliilyticus.<br><br>RESULTS: A. valida exhibited pronounced bleaching and tissue loss within 7&#xa0;h of pathogen infection, whereas T. peltata showed no signs of disease throughout the experiment. Microbial diversity analyses revealed that T. peltata had a more flexible microbial community and a higher relative abundance of potential beneficial bacteria compared to A. valida. Although Vibrio inoculation resulted in a more significant decrease in the Symbiodiniaceae density of A. valida compared to that of T. peltata, it did not lead to recombination of the coral host and Symbiodiniaceae in either coral species. RNA-seq analysis revealed that the interspecific differences in the transcriptional regulation of hosts after Vibrio inoculation. Differentially expressed genes in A. valida were mainly enriched in the pathways associated with energy supply and immune response, such as G protein-coupled receptor signaling, toll-like receptor signaling, regulation of TOR signaling, while these genes in T. peltata were mainly involved in the pathway related to immune homeostasis and ion transport, such as JAK-STAT signaling pathway and regulation of ion transport.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Pathogenic challenges elicit different microbial and transcriptional shifts across coral species. This study offers novel insights into molecular mechanisms of coral resistance to disease.},
}
@article {pmid39095672,
year = {2024},
author = {El-Baz, AM and Shata, A and Nouh, NA and Jamil, L and Hafez, MM and Negm, S and El-Kott, AF and AlShehri, MA and Khalaf, EM},
title = {Vinpocetine and Lactobacillus improve fatty liver in rats: role of adiponectin and gut microbiome.},
journal = {AMB Express},
volume = {14},
number = {1},
pages = {89},
pmid = {39095672},
issn = {2191-0855},
support = {RGP2/50/45//Deanship of Scientific Research, King Khalid University/ ; },
abstract = {Therapeutics that interfere with the damage/pathogen-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs/PAMPs) have evolved as promising candidates for hepatic inflammation like that occurring in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). In the current study, we examined the therapeutic impact of the phosphodiesterase-1 inhibitor vinpocetine (Vinpo), alone or when combined with Lactobacillus, on hepatic abnormalities caused by a 13-week high-fat diet (HFD) and diabetes in rats. The results show that Vinpo (10 and 20 mg/kg/day) dose-dependently curbed HFD-induced elevation of liver injury parameters in serum (ALT, AST) and tissue histopathology. These effects were concordant with Vinpo's potential to ameliorate HFD-induced fibrosis (Histological fibrosis score, hydroxyproline, TGF-β1) and oxidative stress (MDA, NOx) alongside restoring the antioxidant-related parameters (GSH, SOD, Nrf-2, HO-1) in the liver. Mechanistically, Vinpo attenuated the hepatocellular release of DAMPs like high mobility group box (HMGB)1 alongside lowering the overactivation of the pattern recognition receptors including, toll-like receptor (TLR)4 and receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE). Consequently, there was less activation of the transcription factor nuclear factor-kappa B that lowered production of the proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6 in Vinpo-treated HFD/diabetes rats. Compared to Vinpo treatment alone, Lactobacillus probiotics as adjunctive therapy with Vinpo significantly improved the disease-associated inflammation and oxidative stress injury, as well as the insulin resistance and lipid profile abnormalities via enhancing the restoration of the symbiotic microbiota. In conclusion, combining Vinpo and Lactobacillus probiotics may be a successful approach for limiting NAFLD in humans.},
}
@article {pmid39095605,
year = {2024},
author = {Cerdán-García, E and Álvarez-Salgado, XA and Arístegui, J and Martínez-Marrero, A and Benavides, M},
title = {Eddy-driven diazotroph distribution in the subtropical North Atlantic: horizontal variability prevails over particle sinking speed.},
journal = {Communications biology},
volume = {7},
number = {1},
pages = {929},
pmid = {39095605},
issn = {2399-3642},
support = {ANR-21-CE01-0032-01 project FIESTA//Agence Nationale de la Recherche (French National Research Agency)/ ; Fellowship 126457X//Campus France (Agence Fran&#xe7;aise pour la Promotion de l&apos;Enseignement Sup&#xe9;rieur, l&apos;Accueil et la Mobilit&#xe9; Internationale)/ ; project OceanICU (HORIZON-CL6-2022-CLIMATE-01-02; 101083922)//European Commission (EC)/ ; },
mesh = {Atlantic Ocean ; *Nitrogen Fixation ; *Cyanobacteria/genetics/metabolism ; Seawater/microbiology ; },
abstract = {Mesoscale eddies influence the distribution of diazotrophic (nitrogen-fixing) cyanobacteria, impacting marine productivity and carbon export. Non-cyanobacterial diazotrophs (NCDs) are emerging as potential contributors to marine nitrogen fixation, relying on organic matter particles for resources, impacting nitrogen and carbon cycling. However, their diversity and biogeochemical importance remain poorly understood. In the subtropical North Atlantic along a single transect, this study explored the horizontal and vertical spatial variability of NCDs associated with suspended, slow-sinking, and fast-sinking particles collected with a marine snow catcher. The investigation combined amplicon sequencing with hydrographic and biogeochemical data. Cyanobacterial diazotrophs and NCDs were equally abundant, and their diversity was explained by the structure of the eddy. The unicellular symbiotic cyanobacterium UCYN-A was widespread across the eddy, whereas Trichodesmium and Crocosphaera accumulated at outer fronts. The diversity of particle-associated NCDs varied more horizontally than vertically. NCDs constituted most reads in the fast-sinking fractions, mainly comprising Alphaproteobacteria, whose abundance significantly differed from the suspended and slow-sinking fractions. Horizontally, Gammaproteobacteria and Betaproteobacteria exhibited inverse distributions, influenced by physicochemical characteristics of water intrusions at the eddy periphery. Niche differentiations across the anticyclonic eddy underscored NCD-particle associations and mesoscale dynamics, deepening our understanding of their ecological role and impact on ocean biogeochemistry.},
}
@article {pmid39095495,
year = {2024},
author = {Porter, SS and Dupin, SE and Denison, RF and Kiers, ET and Sachs, JL},
title = {Host-imposed control mechanisms in legume-rhizobia symbiosis.},
journal = {Nature microbiology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {39095495},
issn = {2058-5276},
support = {1943239//National Science Foundation (NSF)/ ; DOE BER-RDPP-DE-SC0023150//U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)/ ; },
abstract = {Legumes are ecologically and economically important plants that contribute to nutrient cycling and agricultural sustainability, features tied to their intimate symbiosis with nitrogen-fixing rhizobia. Rhizobia vary dramatically in quality, ranging from highly growth-promoting to non-beneficial; therefore, legumes must optimize their symbiosis with rhizobia through host mechanisms that select for beneficial rhizobia and limit losses to non-beneficial strains. In this Perspective, we examine the considerable scientific progress made in decoding host control over rhizobia, empirically examining both molecular and cellular mechanisms and their effects on rhizobia symbiosis and its benefits. We consider pre-infection controls, which require the production and detection of precise molecular signals by the legume to attract and select for compatible rhizobia strains. We also discuss post-infection mechanisms that leverage the nodule-level and cell-level compartmentalization of symbionts to enable host control over rhizobia development and proliferation in planta. These layers of host control each contribute to legume fitness by directing host resources towards a narrowing subset of more-beneficial rhizobia.},
}
@article {pmid39095425,
year = {2024},
author = {Landa, CR and Ariza-Mateos, A and Briones, C and Perales, C and Wagner, A and Domingo, E and Gómez, J},
title = {Adapting the rhizome concept to an extended definition of viral quasispecies and the implications for molecular evolution.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {14},
number = {1},
pages = {17914},
pmid = {39095425},
issn = {2045-2322},
mesh = {*Rhizome/virology ; *Evolution, Molecular ; *Quasispecies/genetics ; *Phylogeny ; RNA Viruses/genetics/classification ; Gene Transfer, Horizontal ; Mutation ; Genome, Viral ; },
abstract = {The rhizome concept proposed by Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari offers a novel perspective on the organization and interdependence of complex constellations of heterogeneous entities, their mapping and their ruptures. The emphasis of the present study is placed on the dynamics of contacts and communication among such entities that arise from experimentation, without any favored hierarchy or origin. When applied to biological evolution, the rhizome concept integrates all types of heterogeneity resulting from "symbiotic" relationships among living beings (or their genomic material), horizontal genetic transfer, recombination and mutation, and breaks away from the approach that gives rise to the phylogenetic tree of life. It has already been applied to describe the dynamics and evolution of RNA viruses. Thus, here we introduce a novel framework for the interpretation the viral quasispecies concept, which explains the evolution of RNA virus populations as the result of dynamic interconnections and multifaceted interdependence between highly heterogeneous viral sequences and its inherently heterogeneous host cells. The rhizome network perspective underlines even further the medical implications of the broad mutant spectra of viruses that are in constant flow, given the multiple pathways they have available for fitness loss and gain.},
}
@article {pmid39094962,
year = {2024},
author = {Huang, X and Wu, M and Chen, Y and Feng, L and Ji, F and Li, L and Huang, L and Wang, Y and Shen, F and Deng, S and Fang, D},
title = {Ultrahigh carbon utilization in symbiotic Biofilm-Sludge denitrification systems using polymers as sole electron donors.},
journal = {Bioresource technology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {131194},
doi = {10.1016/j.biortech.2024.131194},
pmid = {39094962},
issn = {1873-2976},
abstract = {The polymer-based denitrification system is an effective nitrate removal process for treating low carbon/nitrogen wastewater. However, in polymer denitrification systems, carbon used for the denitrification reaction is weakly targeted. Improving the efficiency of carbon utilization in denitrification is important to reduce carbon wastage. In this study, a symbiotic biofilm-sludge denitrification system was constructed using polycaprolactone as electron donors. Results show that the carbon release amount in 120 days was 85.32 ± 0.46 g, and the unit mass of polycaprolactone could remove 1.55 ± 0.01 g NO3[-]-N. Meaningfully, the targeted carbon utilization efficiency for denitrification could achieve 79 %-85 %. The quantitative results showed that the release of electron donors can be well matched to the demand for electron acceptors in the biofilm-sludge denitrification system. Overall, the symbiotic system can improve the nitrate removal efficiency and reduce the waste of carbon source.},
}
@article {pmid39094415,
year = {2024},
author = {Song, Y and Cao, X and Li, SA and Li, Z and Grossart, HP and Ma, H},
title = {Human activities-impacted lake dissolved organic matter (DOM) affects phycosphere microbial diversity and DOM diversification via carbon metabolism.},
journal = {Journal of environmental management},
volume = {367},
number = {},
pages = {122011},
doi = {10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.122011},
pmid = {39094415},
issn = {1095-8630},
abstract = {Photosynthetic carbon sequestration and microbial carbon metabolism are major processes of algae-bacteria interactions, affecting pollutant degradation as well as fundamental biogeochemical cycles in aquatic systems. Human-induced land-use changes greatly alter the molecular composition and input of terrestrial dissolved organic matter (DOM) in inland lakes. However, how the origin of DOM leads to varying effects on phycosphere microbial communities or molecular composition of DOM, e.g., via carbon metabolism, has been little studied in freshwater. Here, we incubated the cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa and a bacterial community from natural lakes to establish an alga-bacteria model system. This allowed us to investigate how DOM from different sources affects phycosphere microbial diversity and DOM diversification. We showed that Suwannee River fulvic acid (SRFA), Suwannee River natural organic matter (SRNOM) and cropland lake DOM promote algal growth, whereas DOM from an urban lake inhibits algal growth. Algal metabolites and DOM together shaped the chemotaxis response of phycosphere communities. High-resolution mass spectrometry analysis demonstrated that DOM chemo-diversity tended to become uniform after interactions of diverse DOM sources with the algae-bacteria symbiosis system. Molecular thermodynamic analysis of DOM based on a substrate-explicit model further verified that microbial interactions render DOM less bioavailable and thus increase recalcitrant DOM formation. Metabolome analysis uncovered that DOM addition intensifies metabolic pathways related to labile and recalcitrant DOM utilization (mainly lignin/carboxyl-rich alicyclic molecule (CRAM)-like DOM, unsaturated hydrocarbon), whereby cofactor and vitamin metabolism represented an extremely strong activity in all metabolic pathways. Our results highlight covariation and interactions of DOM with microbial metabolism at the molecular level and expands our understanding of microbially mediated DOM shaping aquatic carbon cycling.},
}
@article {pmid39093342,
year = {2024},
author = {Zarimeidani, F and Rahmati, R and Mostafavi, M and Darvishi, M and Khodadadi, S and Mohammadi, M and Shamlou, F and Bakhtiyari, S and Alipourfard, I},
title = {Gut Microbiota and Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Neuroinflammatory Mediated Mechanism of Pathogenesis?.},
journal = {Inflammation},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {39093342},
issn = {1573-2576},
abstract = {Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by impairments in social communication and behavior, frequently accompanied by restricted and repetitive patterns of interests or activities. The gut microbiota has been implicated in the etiology of ASD due to its impact on the bidirectional communication pathway known as the gut-brain axis. However, the precise involvement of the gut microbiota in the causation of ASD is unclear. This study critically examines recent evidence to rationalize a probable mechanism in which gut microbiota symbiosis can induce neuroinflammation through intermediator cytokines and metabolites. To develop ASD, loss of the integrity of the intestinal barrier, activation of microglia, and dysregulation of neurotransmitters are caused by neural inflammatory factors. It has emphasized the potential role of neuroinflammatory intermediates linked to gut microbiota alterations in individuals with ASD. Specifically, cytokines like brain-derived neurotrophic factor, calprotectin, eotaxin, and some metabolites and microRNAs have been considered etiological biomarkers. We have also overviewed how probiotic trials may be used as a therapeutic strategy in ASD to reestablish a healthy balance in the gut microbiota. Evidence indicates neuroinflammation induced by dysregulated gut microbiota in ASD, yet there is little clarity based on analysis of the circulating immune profile. It deems the repair of microbiota load would lower inflammatory chaos in the GI tract, correct neuroinflammatory mediators, and modulate the neurotransmitters to attenuate autism. The interaction between the gut and the brain, along with alterations in microbiota and neuroinflammatory biomarkers, serves as a foundational background for understanding the etiology, diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of autism spectrum disorder.},
}
@article {pmid39093283,
year = {2024},
author = {Yamamori, L and Tanaka, H and Uyeno, D},
title = {Morphological and Molecular Evidence of an Intergeneric Host-Range in Clavisodalis sentifer (Crustacea: Copepoda: Taeniacanthidae) Associated with Diadematid Sea Urchins from the Western Pacific.},
journal = {Zoological science},
volume = {41},
number = {4},
pages = {377-384},
doi = {10.2108/zs230112},
pmid = {39093283},
issn = {0289-0003},
mesh = {Animals ; *Copepoda/genetics/anatomy &amp; histology/physiology ; *Sea Urchins/genetics/parasitology ; Pacific Ocean ; Phylogeny ; Japan ; Host Specificity ; },
abstract = {Sea urchins have a wide variety of symbionts on their body surfaces and inside their bodies. Copepods of the genus Clavisodalis (Taeniacanthidae) collected from the esophagus of sea urchins of the genera Diadema and Echinothrix in southern Japan were identified based on their morphological characteristics, and molecular analysis was conducted to determine whether genetic variation occurs in copepods from different localities and hosts. Morphological observations identified individuals from southern Japan as Clavisodalis sentifer Dojiri and Humes, 1982, making this the first record of this species in the northern hemisphere and the first record of its genus in Japan. Morphological and molecular analysis suggested that the copepod specimens collected from multiple hosts across two genera would be the same species. Considering the typically observed high level of host specificity among taeniacanthid copepods, the utilization of hosts from two genera by C. sentifer is noteworthy.},
}
@article {pmid39093282,
year = {2024},
author = {Sasakura, Y and Yuzawa, N and Yamasako, J and Mori, K and Horie, T and Nonaka, M},
title = {Environment-Mediated Vertical Transmission Fostered Uncoupled Phylogenetic Relationships between Longicorn Beetles and Their Symbionts.},
journal = {Zoological science},
volume = {41},
number = {4},
pages = {363-376},
doi = {10.2108/zs230034},
pmid = {39093282},
issn = {0289-0003},
mesh = {Animals ; *Coleoptera/microbiology/physiology ; *Symbiosis ; *Phylogeny ; *Larva/microbiology/physiology ; Female ; Fungi/physiology/classification/genetics ; },
abstract = {The Coleoptera Cerambycidae (longicorn beetles) use wood under different states (living healthy, freshly snapped, completely rot, etc.) in a species-specific manner for their larval diet. Larvae of some Cerambycidae groups have mycetomes, accessory organs associated with the midgut that harbor fungal symbiont cells. The symbionts are thought to improve nutrient conditions; however, this has yet to be shown experimentally. To deduce the evolutionary history of this symbiosis, we investigated the characteristics of the mycetomes in the larvae of longicorn beetles collected in Japan. Lepturinae, Necydalinae, and Spondylidinae are the only groups that possess mycetomes, and these three groups' mycetomes and corresponding fungal cells exhibit different characteristics between the groups. However, the phylogenetic relationship of symbiont yeasts does not coincide with that of the corresponding longicorn beetle species, suggesting they have not co-speciated. The imperfect vertical transmission of symbiont yeasts from female to offspring is a mechanism that could accommodate the host-symbiont phylogenetic incongruence. Some Lepturinae species secondarily lost mycetomes. The loss is associated with their diet choice, suggesting that different conditions between feeding habits could have allowed species to discard this organ. We found that symbiont fungi encapsulated in the mycetomes are dispensable for larval growth if sufficient nutrients are given, suggesting that the role of symbiotic fungi could be compensated by the food larvae take. Aegosoma sinicum is a longicorn beetle classified to the subfamily Prioninae, which does not possess mycetomes. However, this species contains a restricted selection of yeast species in the larval gut, suggesting that the symbiosis between longicorn beetles and yeasts emerged before acquiring the mycetomes.},
}
@article {pmid39093281,
year = {2024},
author = {Hikosaka-Katayama, T and Okabe, K and Mishima, A and Matsuura, A and Arimoto, K and Shinohara, M and Hikosaka, A},
title = {Symbiotic Algae of Acoel Species in the Seto Inland Sea and Symbiont Selectivity in the Hosts.},
journal = {Zoological science},
volume = {41},
number = {4},
pages = {351-362},
doi = {10.2108/zs230111},
pmid = {39093281},
issn = {0289-0003},
mesh = {*Symbiosis ; Animals ; *Chlorophyta/physiology ; Platyhelminths/physiology/genetics ; Phylogeny ; Species Specificity ; },
abstract = {Praesagittifera naikaiensis is an acoel flatworm that inhabits the sandy beaches in the intertidal zone of the Seto Inland Sea. This species carries Tetraselmis sp., a green unicellular chlorophyte, as a symbiont in its body, and depends on algal photosynthetic products to survive. However, the eggs of P. naikaiensis contain no symbiotic algae, and juvenile P. naikaiensis acquire symbionts from the surrounding environment through horizontal transfer after hatching, thereby establishing new symbiotic relationships in each generation. Other acoel species, Symsagittifera spp., also inhabit the Seto Inland Sea shores and acquire symbiotic green algae via horizontal transfers. To characterize their symbionts, these acoels were collected from a wide area of the Seto Inland Sea and partial nucleotide sequences of the chloroplast ribulose diphosphate carboxylase large subunit (rbcL) of the symbiotic algae were determined and used for molecular phylogenetic analysis. Symbionts of both P. naikaiensis and Symsagittifera spp. belonged to the genus Tetraselmis but were phylogenetically distant, and both species established symbiotic relationships with different symbionts even when they were sympatric. To test whether each species selects specific algae in the environment for symbiosis, we established algal strains from P. naikaiensis and Symsagittifera sp. symbionts and conducted uptake experiments on aposymbiotic juveniles of P. naikaiensis. The results suggest that symbiotic algae from Symsagittifera could be taken up by P. naikaiensis juveniles, but were unable to establish a normal symbiotic relationship with the juveniles.},
}
@article {pmid39092779,
year = {2024},
author = {Liu, T and Liu, H and Xian, W and Liu, Z and Yuan, Y and Fan, J and Xiang, S and Yang, X and Liu, Y and Liu, S and Zhang, M and Shen, Y and Jiao, Y and Cheng, S and Doyle, JJ and Xie, F and Li, J and Tian, Z},
title = {Duplication and sub-functionalization of flavonoid biosynthesis genes plays important role in Leguminosae root nodule symbiosis evolution.},
journal = {Journal of integrative plant biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/jipb.13743},
pmid = {39092779},
issn = {1744-7909},
support = {XDA24030501//"Strategic Priority Research Program" of the Chinese Academy of Sciences/ ; 32388201; 32300512//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; },
abstract = {Gene innovation plays an essential role in trait evolution. Rhizobial symbioses, the most important N2-fixing agent in agricultural systems that exists mainly in Leguminosae, is one of the most attractive evolution events. However, the gene innovations underlying Leguminosae root nodule symbiosis (RNS) remain largely unknown. Here, we investigated the gene gain event in Leguminosae RNS evolution through comprehensive phylogenomic analyses. We revealed that Leguminosae-gain genes were acquired by gene duplication and underwent a strong purifying selection. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analyses showed that the innovated genes were enriched in flavonoid biosynthesis pathways, particular downstream of chalcone synthase (CHS). Among them, Leguminosae-gain type Ⅱ chalcone isomerase (CHI) could be further divided into CHI1A and CHI1B clades, which resulted from the products of tandem duplication. Furthermore, the duplicated CHI genes exhibited exon-intron structural divergences evolved through exon/intron gain/loss and insertion/deletion. Knocking down CHI1B significantly reduced nodulation in Glycine max (soybean) and Medicago truncatula; whereas, knocking down its duplication gene CHI1A had no effect on nodulation. Therefore, Leguminosae-gain type Ⅱ CHI participated in RNS and the duplicated CHI1A and CHI1B genes exhibited RNS functional divergence. This study provides functional insights into Leguminosae-gain genetic innovation and sub-functionalization after gene duplication that contribute to the evolution and adaptation of RNS in Leguminosae.},
}
@article {pmid39091955,
year = {2024},
author = {Varghese, S and Jisha, MS and Rajeshkumar, KC and Gajbhiye, V and Alrefaei, AF and Jeewon, R},
title = {Endophytic fungi: A future prospect for breast cancer therapeutics and drug development.},
journal = {Heliyon},
volume = {10},
number = {13},
pages = {e33995},
pmid = {39091955},
issn = {2405-8440},
abstract = {Globally, breast cancer is a primary contributor to cancer-related fatalities and illnesses among women. Consequently, there is a pressing need for safe and effective treatments for breast cancer. Bioactive compounds from endophytic fungi that live in symbiosis with medicinal plants have garnered significant interest in pharmaceutical research due to their extensive chemical composition and prospective medicinal attributes. This review underscores the potentiality of fungal endophytes as a promising resource for the development of innovative anticancer agents specifically tailored for breast cancer therapy. The diversity of endophytic fungi residing in medicinal plants, success stories of key endophytic bioactive metabolites tested against breast cancer and the current progress with regards to in vivo studies and clinical trials on endophytic fungal metabolites in breast cancer research forms the underlying theme of this article. A thorough compilation of putative anticancer compounds sourced from endophytic fungi that have demonstrated therapeutic potential against breast cancer, spanning the period from 1990 to 2022, has been presented. This review article also outlines the latest trends in endophyte-based drug discovery, including the use of artificial intelligence, machine learning, multi-omics approaches, and high-throughput strategies. The challenges and future prospects associated with fungal endophytes as substitutive sources for developing anticancer drugs targeting breast cancer are also being highlighted.},
}
@article {pmid39091308,
year = {2024},
author = {Yang, F and Wang, M and Zhao, L and Fan, B and Sun, N and Liu, J and Sun, X and Dong, Z},
title = {The role of cattle manure-driven polysaccharide precursors in humus formation during composting of spent mushroom substrate.},
journal = {Frontiers in microbiology},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1375808},
pmid = {39091308},
issn = {1664-302X},
abstract = {The study examined the impact of adding cattle manure to the composting process of Agaricus bisporus mushroom substrate on compost humification. A control group CK comprised entirely of Agaricus bisporus mushroom substrate, while the experimental group CD (70 percent Agaricus bisporus mushroom substrate and 30 percent cattle manure) comprised the two composting treatments that were established. The study determined that the addition of cow dung has promoted the formation of humus components. Particularly, humic substance (HS-C) and humic acid (HA) increased by 41.3 and 74.7%, respectively, and the ratio of humic acid to fulvic acid (HA/FA) also increased by 2.78. It showed that the addition of cow dung accelerated the synthesis and decomposition of precursors, such as polysaccharides, polyphenols, and reducing sugars. Thereby promoting the formation of humic acid. Network analysis revealed that adding cow dung promoted microbial interactions increased the complexity and stability of the bacterial and fungal symbiotic network, enhanced cooperation and reciprocity among microbes, and assisted in transforming fulvic acid (FA) components. Structural equation modeling (SEM) is a multivariate data analysis method for analyzing complex relationships among constructs and core indicators. SEM illustrated that introducing cattle manure into the composting process resulted in alterations to the correlation between physicochemical parameters and the microbial community, in addition to humus formation. Polysaccharides are the primary precursors for polymerization to form HA, which is an essential prerequisite for the conversion of fulvic acid to humic acid. Additionally, microbes affected the formation of humus, with bacteria substantially more influential than fungi. These findings provide new ideas for regulating the degree of humification in the composting process and have important practical implications for optimizing mushroom cultivation and composting techniques today.},
}
@article {pmid39091295,
year = {2024},
author = {Hnamte, L and Vanlallawmzuali, and Kumar, A and Yadav, MK and Zothanpuia, and Singh, PK},
title = {An updated view of bacterial endophytes as antimicrobial agents against plant and human pathogens.},
journal = {Current research in microbial sciences},
volume = {7},
number = {},
pages = {100241},
pmid = {39091295},
issn = {2666-5174},
abstract = {Bacterial endophytes are a crucial component of the phytomicrobiome, playing an essential role in agriculture and industries. Endophytes are a rich source of bioactive compounds, serving as natural antibiotics that can be effective in combating antibiotic resistance in pathogens. These bacteria interact with host plants through various processes such as quorum sensing, chemotaxis, antibiosis, and enzymatic activity. The current paper focuses on how plants benefit extensively from endophytic bacteria and their symbiotic relationship in which the microbes enhance plant growth, nitrogen fixation, increase nutrient uptake, improve defense mechanisms, and act as antimicrobial agents against pathogens. Moreover, it highlights some of the bioactive compounds produced by endophytes.},
}
@article {pmid39090708,
year = {2024},
author = {Stiffler, AK and Hesketh-Best, PJ and Varona, NS and Zagame, A and Wallace, BA and Lapointe, BE and Silveira, CB},
title = {Genomic and induction evidence for bacteriophage contributions to sargassum-bacteria symbioses.},
journal = {Microbiome},
volume = {12},
number = {1},
pages = {143},
pmid = {39090708},
issn = {2049-2618},
support = {2023349872//National Science Foundation/ ; 2023353157//National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship Program/ ; 80NSSC23K0676/NASA/NASA/United States ; },
mesh = {*Sargassum/microbiology ; *Symbiosis ; *Bacteriophages/genetics/physiology/classification/isolation &amp; purification ; *Seawater/microbiology/virology ; Genome, Viral ; Metagenome ; Bacteria/virology/genetics/classification ; Genomics ; Microbiota ; Phylogeny ; Genome, Bacterial ; Synechococcus/virology/genetics ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Symbioses between primary producers and bacteria are crucial for nutrient exchange that fosters host growth and niche adaptation. Yet, how viruses that infect bacteria (phages) influence these bacteria-eukaryote interactions is still largely unknown. Here, we investigate the role of viruses on the genomic diversity and functional adaptations of bacteria associated with pelagic sargassum. This brown alga has dramatically increased its distribution range in the Atlantic in the past decade and is predicted to continue expanding, imposing severe impacts on coastal ecosystems, economies, and human health.<br><br>RESULTS: We reconstructed 73 bacterial and 3963 viral metagenome-assembled genomes (bMAGs and vMAGs, respectively) from coastal Sargassum natans VIII and surrounding seawater. S. natans VIII bMAGs were enriched in prophages compared to seawater (28% and 0.02%, respectively). Rhodobacterales and Synechococcus bMAGs, abundant members of the S. natans VIII microbiome, were shared between the algae and seawater but were associated with distinct phages in each environment. Genes related to biofilm formation and quorum sensing were enriched in S. natans VIII phages, indicating their potential to influence algal association in their bacterial hosts. In-vitro assays with a bacterial community harvested from sargassum surface biofilms and depleted of free viruses demonstrated that these bacteria are protected from lytic infection by seawater viruses but contain intact and inducible prophages. These bacteria form thicker biofilms when growing on sargassum-supplemented seawater compared to seawater controls, and phage induction using mitomycin C was associated with a significant decrease in biofilm formation. The induced metagenomes were enriched in genomic sequences classified as temperate viruses compared to uninduced controls.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Our data shows that prophages contribute to the flexible genomes of S. natans VIII-associated bacteria. These prophages encode genes with symbiotic functions, and their induction decreases biofilm formation, an essential capacity for flexible symbioses between bacteria and the alga. These results indicate that prophage acquisition and induction contribute to genomic and functional diversification during sargassum-bacteria symbioses, with potential implications for algae growth. Video Abstract.},
}
@article {pmid39090541,
year = {2024},
author = {Liu, M and Liu, J and Wu, J and Liu, S and Sun, L and Li, F and Li, C},
title = {A case report of empyema caused by Enterococcus gallinarum.},
journal = {BMC infectious diseases},
volume = {24},
number = {1},
pages = {769},
pmid = {39090541},
issn = {1471-2334},
support = {2023TQ0383//China Postdoctoral Science Foundation/ ; 2023-ZF-70//CAMS Institute of Respiratory Medicine Grant for Young Scholars/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; Male ; Aged, 80 and over ; *Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections/microbiology/drug therapy/diagnosis ; *Enterococcus/isolation &amp; purification ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use ; Empyema, Pleural/microbiology/drug therapy ; Empyema/microbiology/drug therapy ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Linezolid/therapeutic use ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Enterococcus gallinarum is an infrequently intestinal symbiotic pathogen associated with nosocomial infection in immunocompromised individuals. To date, rare cases of pulmonary infection attributable to Enterococcus gallinarum were reported. Herein, we presented the first case of empyema resulting from Enterococcus gallinarum infection.<br><br>CASE PRESENTATION: An 81-year-old male presented with fever and dyspnea upon admission. Chest CT scan and thoracic ultrasonography confirmed the presence of right pleural effusion. Thoracoscopy revealed extensive adhesion, purulent fluid, and necrotic materials within the thoracic cavity. Enterococcus gallinarum was identified through pleural effusion culture. The patient underwent an intrathoracic injection of urokinase along with thoracic drainage. Following surgery, He took oral linezolid for over one month. Undergoing comprehensive treatment, the patient exhibited favorable recovery.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: We reported the first case of empyema due to Enterococcus gallinarum infection. It should be suspected in patients with impaired immune function and invasive therapies, without responding to conventional anti-infectious treatment.},
}
@article {pmid39090391,
year = {2024},
author = {Sun, PF and Lu, MR and Liu, YC and Shaw, BJP and Lin, CP and Chen, HW and Lin, YF and Hoh, DZ and Ke, HM and Wang, IF and Lu, MJ and Young, EB and Millett, J and Kirschner, R and Lin, YJ and Chen, YL and Tsai, IJ},
title = {An acidophilic fungus promotes prey digestion in a carnivorous plant.},
journal = {Nature microbiology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {39090391},
issn = {2058-5276},
abstract = {Leaves of the carnivorous sundew plants (Drosera spp.) secrete mucilage that hosts microorganisms, but whether this microbiota contributes to prey digestion is unclear. We identified the acidophilic fungus Acrodontium crateriforme as the dominant species in the mucilage microbial communities, thriving in multiple sundew species across the global range. The fungus grows and sporulates on sundew glands as its preferred acidic environment, and its presence in traps increased the prey digestion process. A. crateriforme has a reduced genome similar to other symbiotic fungi. During A. crateriforme-Drosera spatulata coexistence and digestion of prey insects, transcriptomes revealed significant gene co-option in both partners. Holobiont expression patterns during prey digestion further revealed synergistic effects in several gene families including fungal aspartic and sedolisin peptidases, facilitating prey digestion in leaves, as well as nutrient assimilation and jasmonate signalling pathway expression. This study establishes that botanical carnivory is defined by adaptations involving microbial partners and interspecies interactions.},
}
@article {pmid39090347,
year = {2024},
author = {Kristensen, TN and Schönherz, AA and Rohde, PD and Sørensen, JG and Loeschcke, V},
title = {Selection for stress tolerance and longevity in Drosophila melanogaster have strong impacts on microbiome profiles.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {14},
number = {1},
pages = {17789},
pmid = {39090347},
issn = {2045-2322},
support = {40841//Villum Fonden/ ; 2032-00205A//Danmarks Frie Forskningsfond/ ; 4002-00113b//Danmarks Frie Forskningsfond/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Drosophila melanogaster/microbiology/physiology ; *Longevity ; *Microbiota ; *RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics ; *Stress, Physiological ; Symbiosis ; Selection, Genetic ; Bacteria/genetics/classification ; },
abstract = {There is experimental evidence that microbiomes have a strong influence on a range of host traits. Understanding the basis and importance of symbiosis between host and associated microorganisms is a rapidly developing research field, and we still lack a mechanistic understanding of ecological and genetic pressures affecting host-microbiome associations. Here Drosophila melanogaster lines from a large-scale artificial selection experiment were used to investigate whether the microbiota differ in lines selected for different stress resistance traits and longevity. Following multiple generations of artificial selection all selection regimes and corresponding controls had their microbiomes assessed. The microbiome was interrogated based on 16S rRNA sequencing. We found that the microbiome of flies from the different selection regimes differed markedly from that of the unselected control regime, and microbial diversity was consistently higher in selected relative to control regimes. Several common Drosophila bacterial species showed differentially abundance in the different selection regimes despite flies being exposed to similar environmental conditions for two generations prior to assessment. Our findings provide strong evidence for symbiosis between host and microbiomes but we cannot reveal whether the interactions are adaptive, nor whether they are caused by genetic or ecological factors.},
}
@article {pmid39090271,
year = {2024},
author = {Jacobs, J and Nakamoto, A and Mastoras, M and Loucks, H and Mirchandani, C and Karim, L and Penunuri, G and Wanket, C and Russell, SL},
title = {Complete de novo assembly of Wolbachia endosymbiont of Drosophila willistoni using long-read genome sequencing.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {14},
number = {1},
pages = {17770},
pmid = {39090271},
issn = {2045-2322},
support = {T32HG012344/NH/NIH HHS/United States ; T32HG012344/NH/NIH HHS/United States ; T32HG012344/NH/NIH HHS/United States ; R00GM135583/NH/NIH HHS/United States ; T32HG012344/NH/NIH HHS/United States ; T32HG012344/NH/NIH HHS/United States ; T32HG012344/NH/NIH HHS/United States ; R00GM135583/NH/NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {*Wolbachia/genetics ; Animals ; *Drosophila/microbiology/genetics ; *Symbiosis/genetics ; *Genome, Bacterial ; Phylogeny ; Whole Genome Sequencing/methods ; Genomics/methods ; },
abstract = {Wolbachia is an obligate intracellular α-proteobacterium, which commonly infects arthropods and filarial nematodes. Different strains of Wolbachia are capable of a wide range of regulatory manipulations in their diverse hosts, including the modulation of host cellular differentiation to influence host reproduction. The genetic basis for the majority of these phenotypes is unknown. The wWil strain from the neotropical fruit fly, Drosophila willistoni, exhibits a remarkably high affinity for host germline-derived cells relative to the somatic cells. This trait could be leveraged for understanding how Wolbachia influences the host germline and for controlling host populations in the field. To further the use of this strain in biological and biomedical research, we sequenced the genome of the wWil strain isolated from host cell culture cells. Here, we present the first high quality Nanopore assembly of wWil, the Wolbachia endosymbiont of D. willistoni. Our assembly resulted in a circular genome of 1.27 Mb with a BUSCO completeness score of 99.7%. Consistent with other insect-associated Wolbachia strains, comparative genomic analysis revealed that wWil has a highly mosaic genome relative to the closely related wMel and wAu strains from Drosophila melanogaster and Drosophila simulans, respectively.},
}
@article {pmid39090137,
year = {2024},
author = {Kates, HR and O'Meara, BC and LaFrance, R and Stull, GW and James, EK and Liu, SY and Tian, Q and Yi, TS and Conde, D and Kirst, M and Ané, JM and Soltis, DE and Guralnick, RP and Soltis, PS and Folk, RA},
title = {Author Correction: Shifts in evolutionary lability underlie independent gains and losses of root-nodule symbiosis in a single clade of plants.},
journal = {Nature communications},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {6491},
doi = {10.1038/s41467-024-50907-8},
pmid = {39090137},
issn = {2041-1723},
}
@article {pmid39089083,
year = {2024},
author = {Duret, M and Wallner, A and Buée, M and Aziz, A},
title = {Rhizosphere microbiome assembly, drivers and functions in perennial ligneous plant health.},
journal = {Microbiological research},
volume = {287},
number = {},
pages = {127860},
doi = {10.1016/j.micres.2024.127860},
pmid = {39089083},
issn = {1618-0623},
abstract = {Plants shape and interact continuously with their rhizospheric microbiota, which play a key role in plant health and resilience. However, plant-associated microbial community can be shaped by several factors including plant phenotype and cropping system. Thus, understanding the interplay between microbiome assembly during the onset of plant-pathogen interactions and long-lasting resistance traits in ligneous plants remains a major challenge. To date, such attempts were mainly investigated in herbaceous plants, due to their phenotypic characteristics and their short life cycle. However, only few studies have focused on the microbial structure, dynamic and their drivers in perennial ligneous plants. Ligneous plants coevolved in interaction with specific fungal and bacterial communities that differ from those of annual plants. The specificities of such ligneous plants in shaping their own functional microbial communities could be dependent on their high heterozygosis, physiological and molecular status associated to seasonality and their aging processes, root system and above-ground architectures, long-lasting climatic variations, and specific cultural practices. This article provides an overview of the specific characteristics of perennial ligneous plants that are likely to modulate symbiotic interactions in the rhizosphere, thus affecting the plant's fitness and systemic immunity. Plant and microbial traits contributing to the establishment of plant-microbiome interactions and the adaptation of this holobiont are also discussed.},
}
@article {pmid39087793,
year = {2024},
author = {Chauhan, C and Tanuj, and Kumar, R and Kumar, J and Sharma, S and Benmansour, S and Kumar, S},
title = {Synthesis, structural characterization, DFT and molecular dynamics simulations of dinuclear (μ-hydroxo)-bridged triethanolamine copper(II) complexes: efficient candidates towards visible light-mediated photo-Fenton degradation of organic dyes.},
journal = {Dalton transactions (Cambridge, England : 2003)},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1039/d4dt01463d},
pmid = {39087793},
issn = {1477-9234},
abstract = {Multinuclear (di/tri) copper(II) complexes bridged through hydroxyl groups are very interesting coordination complexes owing to their potential applications in various fields. In this work, three novel dinuclear (μ-hydroxo)-bridged copper(II) complexes in the crystal form, namely, [Cu2(3,5-DIFLB)2(H2tea)2](H2O) (1), [Cu2(4-ClB)2(H2tea)2](H2O) (2), and [Cu2(4-ETHB)2(H2tea)2](H2O)2 (3) (where DIFLB = difluorobenzoate, CLB = chlorobenzoate, ETHB = ethoxybenzoate, and H3tea = triethanolamine), were isolated at room temperature using methanol and water in a 4 : 1 v/v ratio as a solvent. Furthermore, all three complexes (1-3) were characterised using spectroscopic (UV-vis, DRS, and FT-IR), electrochemical (CV) and single-crystal X-ray diffraction techniques. Structural insights gained by packing analysis revealed the role of steric constraints of substituents and various non-covalent interactions in lattice stabilization, which were indeed supported by theoretical and molecular electrostatic potential illustrations. Hirshfeld surface analysis provided quantitative verification about various non-covalent interactions (interatomic contacts) involved in the packing of molecules. Interestingly, as a potential application, complexes 1-3 all exhibited remarkable visible light-mediated photo-Fenton degradation of approximately 98% for 50 ppm concentration of organic dyes (fuchsin basic (FB) and methyl orange (MO)) in 90 minutes with the optimized conditions of 1 mg mL[-1] of dye solution. In all the cases, dye degradation by these materials was ascribed to the symbiotic relations among the molecular structures of complexes 1-3, which were endowed with various electron-withdrawing and electron-releasing substituents and ionic strength, with respect to the structure, shape and interacting patterns of dye molecules. The adsorption mechanism indicates that various weak interactions between the donor and acceptor groups of complexes and dyes, such as electrostatic, hydrogen bonding, and direct coordination to metal sites, play a crucial role, which is confirmed by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Theoretical studies by DFT-based descriptors, molecular electrostatic potentials, and band gaps provided deep insights into various electronic and reactivity parameters. For subsequent processes of dye degradation, complexes 1-3 were stable and recoverable. The successful integration of experimental and theoretical approaches sheds light on copper-based dinuclear stable coordination complexes, showcasing a significant step towards the development of novel heterogeneous photo-Fenton catalysts.},
}
@article {pmid39084368,
year = {2024},
author = {Wang, Z and Li, L and Hong, Y},
title = {Trilogy of comprehensive treatment of kitchen waste by bacteria-microalgae-fungi combined system: Pretreatment, water purification and resource utilization, and biomass harvesting.},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
volume = {949},
number = {},
pages = {175160},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175160},
pmid = {39084368},
issn = {1879-1026},
abstract = {Given its profound disservice, a bacteria-microalgae-fungi combined system was designed to treat kitchen waste. Firstly, a new type of microbial agent homemade compound microorganisms (HCM) (composed of Serratia marcescens, Bacillus subtilis and other 11 strains) with relatively high bio-security were developed for pretreating kitchen waste, and HCM efficiently degraded 85.2 % cellulose, 94.3 % starch, and 59.0 % oil. HCM also accomplished brilliantly the initial nutrients purification and liquefaction conversion of kitchen waste. Under mono-culture mode (fungi and microalgae were inoculated separately in the pre - and post-stages) and co-culture mode (fungi and microalgae were inoculated simultaneously in the early stage), microalgae-fungi consortia were then applied for further water purification and resource utilization of kitchen waste liquefied liquid (KWLL) produced in the pretreatment stage. Two kinds of microalgae-fungi consortia (Chlorella sp. HQ and Chlorella sp. MHQ2 form consortia with pellet-forming fungi Aspergillus niger HW8-1, respectively) removed 79.5-83.0 % chemical oxygen demand (COD), 44.0-56.5 % total nitrogen (TN), 90.3-96.4 % total phosphorus (TP), and 64.9-71.0 % NH4[+]-N of KWLL. What's more, the microalgae-fungi consortia constructed in this study accumulated abundant high-value substances at the same time of efficiently purifying KWLL. Finally, in the biomass harvesting stage, pellet-forming fungi efficiently harvested 81.9-82.1 % of microalgal biomass in a low-cost manner through exopolysaccharides adhesion, surface proteins interaction and charge neutralization. Compared with conventional microalgae-bacteria symbiosis system, the constructed bacteria-microalgae-fungi new-type combined system achieves the triple purpose of efficient purification, resource utilization, and biomass recovery on raw kitchen waste through the trilogy strategy, providing momentous technical references and more treatment systems selection for future kitchen waste treatment.},
}
@article {pmid39084012,
year = {2024},
author = {Ai, D and Wu, T and Ge, Z and Ying, Z and Sun, S and Huang, D and Zhang, J},
title = {The coupling effect promotes superoxide radical production in the microalgal-fungal symbiosis systems: Production, mechanisms and implication for Hg(II) reduction.},
journal = {Journal of hazardous materials},
volume = {477},
number = {},
pages = {135347},
doi = {10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135347},
pmid = {39084012},
issn = {1873-3336},
abstract = {Redox transformation of mercury (Hg) is critical for Hg exchange at the air-water interface. However, the superoxide radicals (O2[•─]) contribution of microalgal-fungal symbiotic systems in lake water to Hg(II) reduction is mainly unknown. Here, we studied the enhanced potential for O2[•─] production by the coupling effect between microalgae and fungi. The relationships between microenvironment, microorganisms, and O2[•─] production were also investigated. Furthermore, the implication of O2[•─] for Hg(II) reduction was explored. The results showed that the coupling effect of microalgae and fungi enhanced O2[•─] generation in the symbiotic systems, and the O2[•─] generation peaked on day 4 in the lake water at 160.51 ± 13.06-173.28 ± 18.21 μmol/kg FW (fresh weight). In addition, O2[•-] exhibited circadian fluctuations that correlated with changes in dissolved oxygen content and redox potential on the inter-spherical interface of microalgal-fungal consortia. Partial least squares path modeling (PLS-PM) indicates that O2[•─] formation was primarily associated with microenvironmental factors and microbial metabolic processes. The experimental results suggest that O2[•─] in the microalgal-fungal systems could mediate Hg(II) reduction, promoting Hg conversion and cycling. The findings highlight the importance of microalgae and fungal symbiotic systems in Hg transformation in aquatic environments.},
}
@article {pmid39083610,
year = {2024},
author = {Yu, X and Liu, J and Qin, Q and Zribi, I and Yu, J and Yang, S and Dinkins, RD and Fei, Z and Kereszt, A and Zhu, H},
title = {Species-specific microsymbiont discrimination mediated by a Medicago receptor kinase.},
journal = {Science advances},
volume = {10},
number = {31},
pages = {eadp6436},
pmid = {39083610},
issn = {2375-2548},
mesh = {*Symbiosis ; Species Specificity ; Medicago/microbiology ; Sinorhizobium meliloti/genetics/physiology ; Bacterial Proteins/metabolism/genetics ; Plant Proteins/metabolism/genetics ; Root Nodules, Plant/microbiology/metabolism ; Protein Kinases/metabolism/genetics ; },
abstract = {Host range specificity is a prominent feature of the legume-rhizobial symbiosis. Sinorhizobium meliloti and Sinorhizobium medicae are two closely related species that engage in root nodule symbiosis with legume plants of the Medicago genus, but certain Medicago species exhibit selectivity in their interactions with the two rhizobial species. We have identified a Medicago receptor-like kinase, which can discriminate between the two bacterial species, acting as a genetic barrier against infection by most S. medicae strains. Activation of this receptor-mediated nodulation restriction requires a bacterial gene that encodes a glycine-rich octapeptide repeat protein with distinct variants capable of distinguishing S. medicae from S. meliloti. This study sheds light on the coevolution of host plants and rhizobia, shaping symbiotic selectivity in their respective ecological niches.},
}
@article {pmid39082826,
year = {2024},
author = {Sugiyama, R and Moriyama, M and Koga, R and Fukatsu, T},
title = {Host range of naturally and artificially evolved symbiotic bacteria for a specific host insect.},
journal = {mBio},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e0134224},
doi = {10.1128/mbio.01342-24},
pmid = {39082826},
issn = {2150-7511},
abstract = {Diverse insects are intimately associated with specific symbiotic bacteria, where host and symbiont are integrated into an almost inseparable biological entity. These symbiotic bacteria usually exhibit host specificity, uncultivability, reduced genome size, and other peculiar traits relevant to their symbiotic lifestyle. How host-symbiont specificity is established at the very beginning of symbiosis is of interest but poorly understood. To gain insight into the evolutionary issue, we adopted an experimental approach using the recently developed evolutionary model of symbiosis between the stinkbug Plautia stali and Escherichia coli. Based on the laboratory evolution of P. stali-E. coli mutualism, we selected ΔcyaA mutant of E. coli as an artificial symbiont of P. stali that has established mutualism by a single mutation. In addition, we selected a natural cultivable symbiont of P. stali of relatively recent evolutionary origin. These artificial and natural symbiotic bacteria of P. stali were experimentally inoculated to symbiont-deprived newborn nymphs of diverse stinkbug species. Strikingly, the mutualistic E. coli was unable to establish infection and support growth and survival of all the stinkbug species except for P. stali, uncovering that host specificity can be established at a very early stage of symbiotic evolution. Meanwhile, the natural symbiont was able to establish infection and support growth and survival of several stinkbug species in addition to P. stali, unveiling that a broader host range of the symbiont has evolved in nature. Based on these findings, we discuss what factors are relevant to the establishment of host specificity in the evolution of symbiosis.IMPORTANCEHow does host-symbiont specificity emerge at the very beginning of symbiosis? This question is difficult to address because it is generally difficult to directly observe the onset of symbiosis. However, recent development of experimental evolutionary approaches to symbiosis has brought about a breakthrough. Here we tackled this evolutionary issue using a symbiotic Escherichia coli created in laboratory and a natural Pantoea symbiont, which are both mutualistic to the stinkbug Plautia stali. We experimentally replaced essential symbiotic bacteria of diverse stinkbugs with the artificial and natural symbionts of P. stali and evaluated whether the symbiotic bacteria, which evolved for a specific host, can establish infection and support the growth and survival of heterospecific hosts. Strikingly, the artificial symbiont showed strict host specificity to P. stali, whereas the natural symbiont was capable of symbiosis with diverse stinkbugs, which provide insight into how host-symbiont specificity can be established at early evolutionary stages of symbiosis.},
}
@article {pmid39081541,
year = {2024},
author = {Valentich-Scott, P and Griffiths, C and Landschoff, J and Li, R and Li, J},
title = {Bivalves of superfamily Galeommatoidea (Mollusca, Bivalvia) from western South Africa, with observations on commensal relationships and habitats.},
journal = {ZooKeys},
volume = {1207},
number = {},
pages = {301-323},
pmid = {39081541},
issn = {1313-2989},
abstract = {The Galeommatoidea are a diverse but little-studied group of small bivalves, well known for the symbiotic relationships many species have with a range of invertebrate taxa. Four species collected from the Western Cape region of South Africa were examined and illustrated, providing new details on their habitat preferences, and depicting the mantle structure of live specimens for the first time. Brachiomyaducentiunus sp. nov., is described herein, and an additional record of Montacutasubstriata (Montagu, 1808) is reported from South Africa. Brachiomyaducentiunus and Montacutasubstriata have obligate symbiotic relationships with different burrowing echinoids, while Kelliabecki (WH Turton, 1932) and Melliteryxmactroides (Hanley, 1857) are free-living. DNA data and phylogenetic analyses are provided for three of the species.},
}
@article {pmid39081489,
year = {2024},
author = {Pacheco-Aranibar, J and Diaz-Rodriguez, K and Zapana-Begazo, R and Criollo-Arteaga, S and Villanueva-Salas, JA and Bernabe-Ortiz, JC},
title = {Intestinal microbiota dataset revealed by high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA in children with anemia in southern Peru.},
journal = {Data in brief},
volume = {55},
number = {},
pages = {110681},
pmid = {39081489},
issn = {2352-3409},
abstract = {Anemia is the most common hematological disorder affecting humans. In Peru, anemia is a pressing issue that present the most significant concern due to its adverse effects, such as delayed growth and psychomotor development, in addition to a deficiency in cognitive development. Anemia is a significant public health issue in Peru, which has one of the highest prevalence rates in infants in the Latin American and Caribbean (LAC) region, affecting approximately 43.6 % of children under three years nationally as of 2017, with rural areas experiencing a higher prevalence of approximately 53.3 %. In 2019, the prevalence was highest in the Sierra (48.8 %) and Selva regions (44.6 %), whereas the coast had a lower rate of 33.9 % in children under 36 months. Although the composition of the gut microbiota is relatively well described in children, there is little information on the identification of the microbiota in iron-deficiency anemia. There is evidence that diseases or health conditions can change the microbiota, or vice versa. This study aimed to identify the microbiota in children with anemia who did not recover after iron treatment. In a previous study, we found that the phylum Actinobacteria was predominant in the microbiota of children with anemia. These data will be useful for understanding the functionality of the most important bacteria found in each group at the genus or species level, especially the metabolic pathways in which they participate and their links with iron metabolism. Microbial composition data were obtained through next-generation 16S rRNA sequencing (NGS) of stool samples from children with anemia in southern Peru. Numerous studies have underscored the importance of early symbiotic development in infant health and its long-term impact on health. From infancy, modulation of the gut microbiota can promote long-term health. According to the National Institute of Health (NIH), iron-deficiency anemia may cause serious complications, such as fatigue, headaches, restless legs syndrome, heart problems, pregnancy complications, and developmental delays in children. The development of the gut microbiota is regulated by a complex interplay between host and environmental factors. The bidirectional link between the gut microbiota and anemia plays an important role in tracking the gut microbiota and will be useful in understanding the composition of the intestinal microbiota and its implications in anemia, which has now become a public health problem. Our previous study investigated the microbial composition in children with iron-deficiency anemia and revealed the presence of several bacterial groups, including Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, and Chloroflexi. In addition, these data may be useful for investigating the association between the intestinal microbiota of children with persistent anemia and those who have recovered.},
}
@article {pmid39081362,
year = {2024},
author = {Kaneko, M and Omori, T and Igai, K and Mabuchi, T and Sakai-Tazawa, M and Nishihara, A and Kihara, K and Yoshimura, T and Ohkuma, M and Hongoh, Y},
title = {Facultative endosymbiosis between cellulolytic protists and methanogenic archaea in the gut of the Formosan termite Coptotermes formosanus.},
journal = {ISME communications},
volume = {4},
number = {1},
pages = {ycae097},
pmid = {39081362},
issn = {2730-6151},
abstract = {Anaerobic protists frequently harbour methanogenic archaea, which apparently contribute to the hosts' fermentative metabolism by consuming excess H2. However, the ecological properties of endosymbiotic methanogens remain elusive in many cases. Here we investigated the ecology and genome of the endosymbiotic methanogen of the Cononympha protists in the hindgut of the termite Coptotermes formosanus. Microscopic and 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing analyses revealed that a single species, designated here "Candidatus Methanobrevibacter cononymphae", is associated with both Cononympha leidyi and Cononympha koidzumii and that its infection rate in Cononympha cells varied from 0.0% to 99.8% among termite colonies. Fine-scale network analysis indicated that multiple 16S rRNA sequence variants coexisted within a single host cell and that identical variants were present in both Cononympha species and also on the gut wall. Thus, "Ca. Methanobrevibacter cononymphae" is a facultative endosymbiont, transmitted vertically with frequent exchanges with the gut environment. Indeed, transmission electron microscopy showed escape or uptake of methanogens from/by a Cononympha cell. The genome of "Ca. Methanobrevibacter cononymphae" showed features consistent with its facultative lifestyle: i.e., the genome size (2.7 Mbp) comparable to those of free-living relatives; the pseudogenization of the formate dehydrogenase gene fdhA, unnecessary within the non-formate-producing host cell; the dependence on abundant acetate in the host cell as an essential carbon source; and the presence of a catalase gene, required for colonization on the microoxic gut wall. Our study revealed a versatile endosymbiosis between the methanogen and protists, which may be a strategy responding to changing conditions in the termite gut.},
}
@article {pmid39081258,
year = {2024},
author = {Kim, JH and Lee, BM and Lee, HC and Choi, IS and Koo, KB and Son, KH},
title = {Antagonistic Efficacy of Symbiotic Bacterium Xenorhabdus sp. SCG against Meloidogyne spp.},
journal = {Journal of microbiology and biotechnology},
volume = {34},
number = {8},
pages = {1-9},
doi = {10.4014/jmb.2404.04003},
pmid = {39081258},
issn = {1738-8872},
abstract = {The inhabitation and parasitism of root-knot nematodes (RKNs) can be difficult to control, as its symptoms can be easily confused with other plant diseases; hence, identifying and controlling the occurrence of RKNs in plants remains an ongoing challenge. Moreover, there are only a few biological agents for controlling these harmful nematodes. In this study, Xenorhabdus sp. SCG isolated from entomopathogenic nematodes of genus Steinernema was evaluated for nematicidal effects under in vitro and greenhouse conditions. The cell-free filtrates of strain SCG showed nematicidal activity against Meloidogyne species J2s, with mortalities of > 88% at a final concentration of 10%, as well as significant nematicidal activity against the three other genera of plant-parasitic nematodes in a dose-dependent manner. Thymine was isolated as active compounds by assayguided fractionation and showed high nematicidal activity against M. incognita. Greenhouse experiments suggested that cell-free filtrates of strain SCG efficiently controlled the nematode population in M. incognita-infested tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum L., cv. Rutgers). In addition, a significant increase in host plant growth was observed after 45 days of treatment. To our knowledge, this is the first to demonstrate the nematicidal activity spectrum of isolated Xenorhabdus species and their application to S. lycopersicum L., cv. Rutgers under greenhouse conditions. Xenorhabdus sp. SCG could be a promising biological nematicidal agent with plant growth-enhancing properties.},
}
@article {pmid39081019,
year = {2024},
author = {Yagi, R and Haraguchi, TF and Tayasu, I and Suetsugu, K},
title = {Do exchangeable hydrogens affect the evaluation of partial mycoheterotrophy in orchids? Insights from δ[2]H analysis in bulk, α-cellulose, and cellulose nitrate samples.},
journal = {The New phytologist},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/nph.19998},
pmid = {39081019},
issn = {1469-8137},
support = {16H02524//Japan Society for the Promotion of Science/ ; 17H0516//Japan Society for the Promotion of Science/ ; JPMJSP2148//Japan Science and Technology Agency/ ; },
abstract = {To evaluate the nutritional modes of orchids associated with 'rhizoctonia' fungi, analyses of hydrogen (δ[2]H), carbon (δ[13]C), and nitrogen (δ[15]N) stable isotope ratios are usually adopted. However, previous studies have not fully accounted for exchangeable hydrogens, which could affect these evaluations. Here, we performed standard δ[13]C, δ[15]N, and δ[2]H analyses on bulk samples. Additionally, we conducted δ[2]H analysis on α-cellulose and cellulose nitrate samples to investigate whether the heterogeneity of exchangeable hydrogens among plant species influences the assessment of nutritional modes. The δ[2]H of orchids were consistently higher than those of surrounding autotrophic plants, irrespective of the three pretreatments. Although the rhizoctonia-associated orchid exhibited lower δ[13]C, its δ[2]H was higher than those of the autotrophs. Notably, among all response variables, δ[15]N and δ[2]H exhibited high abilities for discriminating the nutritional modes of rhizoctonia-associated orchids. These results indicate that a time-efficient bulk sample analysis is an effective method for evaluating plant nutritional modes, as the heterogeneity of exchangeable hydrogens does not significantly impact the estimation. Using δ[15]N and δ[2]H benefits the assessment of partial mycoheterotrophy among rhizoctonia-associated orchids.},
}
@article {pmid39080994,
year = {2024},
author = {Landry, D and Lefebvre, B},
title = {Ubiquitination-Mediated Regulation of Receptor-Like Kinases in Symbiosis and Immunity.},
journal = {Molecular plant},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.molp.2024.07.013},
pmid = {39080994},
issn = {1752-9867},
}
@article {pmid39080979,
year = {2024},
author = {Coffman, KA and Kauwe, AN and Gillette, NE and Burke, GR and Geib, SM},
title = {Host range of a parasitoid wasp is linked to host susceptibility to its mutualistic viral symbiont.},
journal = {Molecular ecology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e17485},
doi = {10.1111/mec.17485},
pmid = {39080979},
issn = {1365-294X},
support = {1748862//Division of Integrative Organismal Systems/ ; 1032017//National Institute of Food and Agriculture/ ; 7007338//National Institute of Food and Agriculture/ ; },
abstract = {Parasitoid wasps are one of the most species-rich groups of animals on Earth, due to their ability to successfully develop as parasites of nearly all types of insects. Unlike most known parasitoid wasps that specialize towards one or a few host species, Diachasmimorpha longicaudata is a generalist that can survive within multiple genera of tephritid fruit fly hosts, including many globally important pest species. Diachasmimorpha longicaudata has therefore been widely released to suppress pest populations as part of biological control efforts in tropical and subtropical agricultural ecosystems. In this study, we investigated the role of a mutualistic poxvirus in shaping the host range of D. longicaudata across three genera of agricultural pest species: two of which are permissive hosts for D. longicaudata parasitism and one that is a nonpermissive host. We found that permissive hosts Ceratitis capitata and Bactrocera dorsalis were highly susceptible to manual virus injection, displaying rapid virus replication and abundant fly mortality. However, the nonpermissive host Zeugodacus cucurbitae largely overcame virus infection, exhibiting substantially lower mortality and no virus replication. Investigation of transcriptional dynamics during virus infection demonstrated hindered viral gene expression and limited changes in fly gene expression within the nonpermissive host compared with the permissive species, indicating that the host range of the viral symbiont may influence the host range of D. longicaudata wasps. These findings also reveal that viral symbiont activity may be a major contributor to the success of D. longicaudata as a generalist parasitoid species and a globally successful biological control agent.},
}
@article {pmid39080725,
year = {2024},
author = {Koleva, P and He, J and Dunsmore, G and Bozorgmehr, N and Lu, J and Huynh, M and Tollenaar, S and Huang, V and Walter, J and Way, SS and Elahi, S},
title = {CD71 + erythroid cells promote intestinal symbiotic microbial communities in pregnancy and neonatal period.},
journal = {Microbiome},
volume = {12},
number = {1},
pages = {142},
pmid = {39080725},
issn = {2049-2618},
support = {148442/CAPMC/CIHR/Canada ; 000//Women and Children's Health Research Institute/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; Female ; Mice ; Pregnancy ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; *Animals, Newborn ; *Antigens, CD/metabolism ; *Erythroid Cells/immunology ; *Receptors, Transferrin/metabolism ; Male ; Symbiosis ; Dysbiosis/microbiology ; Humans ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Intestine, Small/microbiology/immunology ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The establishment of microbial communities in neonatal mammals plays a pivotal role in shaping their immune responses to infections and other immune-related conditions. This process is influenced by a combination of endogenous and exogenous factors. Previously, we reported that depletion of CD71 + erythroid cells (CECs) results in an inflammatory response to microbial communities in newborn mice.<br><br>RESULTS: Here, we systemically tested this hypothesis and observed that the small intestinal lamina propria of neonatal mice had the highest frequency of CECs during the early days of life. This high abundance of CECs was attributed to erythropoiesis niches within the small intestinal tissues. Notably, the removal of CECs from the intestinal tissues by the anti-CD71 antibody disrupted immune homeostasis. This disruption was evident by alteration in the expression of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), toll-like receptors (TLRs), inflammatory cytokines/chemokines, and resulting in microbial dysbiosis. Intriguingly, these alterations in microbial communities persisted when tested 5&#xa0;weeks post-treatment, with a more notable effect observed in female mice. This illustrates a sex-dependent association between CECs and neonatal microbiome modulation. Moreover, we extended our studies on pregnant mice, observing that modulating CECs substantially alters the frequency and diversity of their microbial communities. Finally, we found a significantly lower proportion of CECs in the cord blood of pre-term human newborns, suggesting a potential role in dysregulated immune responses to microbial communities in the gut.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Our findings provide novel insights into pivotal role of CECs in immune homeostasis and swift adaptation of microbial communities in newborns. Despite the complexity of the cellular biology of the gut, our findings shed light on the previously unappreciated role of CECs in the dialogue between the microbiota and immune system. These findings have significant implications for human health. Video Abstract.},
}
@article {pmid39080711,
year = {2024},
author = {Stapleton, TE and Lindsey, LM and Sundar, H and Dearing, MD},
title = {Rodents consuming the same toxic diet harbor a unique functional core microbiome.},
journal = {Animal microbiome},
volume = {6},
number = {1},
pages = {43},
pmid = {39080711},
issn = {2524-4671},
abstract = {Gut microbiota are intrinsic to an herbivorous lifestyle, but very little is known about how plant secondary compounds (PSCs), which are often toxic, influence these symbiotic partners. Here we interrogated the possibility of unique functional core microbiomes in populations of two species of woodrat (Neotoma lepida and bryanti) that have independently converged to feed on the same toxic diet (creosote bush; Larrea tridentata) and compared them to populations that do not feed on creosote bush. Leveraging this natural experiment, we collected samples across a large geographic region in the U.S. desert southwest from 20 populations (~ 150 individuals) with differential ingestion of creosote bush and analyzed three gut regions (foregut, cecum, hindgut) using16S sequencing and shotgun metagenomics. In each gut region sampled, we found a distinctive set of microbes in individuals feeding on creosote bush that were more abundant than other ASVs, enriched in creosote feeding woodrats, and occurred more frequently than would be predicted by chance. Creosote core members were from microbial families e.g., Eggerthellaceae, known to metabolize plant secondary compounds and three of the identified core KEGG orthologs (4-hydroxybenzoate decarboxylase, benzoyl-CoA reductase subunit B, and 2-pyrone-4, 6-dicarboxylate lactonase) coded for enzymes that play important roles in metabolism of plant secondary compounds. The results support the hypothesis that the ingestion of creosote bush sculpts the microbiome across all major gut regions to select for functional characteristics associated with the degradation of the PSCs in this unique diet.},
}
@article {pmid39080706,
year = {2024},
author = {Hamamoto, K and Mizuyama, M and Nishijima, M and Maeda, A and Gibu, K and Poliseno, A and Iguchi, A and Reimer, JD},
title = {Diversity, composition and potential roles of sedimentary microbial communities in different coastal substrates around subtropical Okinawa Island, Japan.},
journal = {Environmental microbiome},
volume = {19},
number = {1},
pages = {54},
pmid = {39080706},
issn = {2524-6372},
support = {20H00653//Japan Society for the Promotion of Science/ ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Marine benthic prokaryotic communities play crucial roles in material recycling within coastal environments, including coral reefs. Coastal sedimentary microbiomes are particularly important as potential reservoirs of symbiotic, beneficial, and pathogenic bacteria in coral reef environments, and therefore presumably play a core role in local ecosystem functioning. However, there is a lack of studies comparing different environments with multiple sites on the island scale, particularly studies focusing on prokaryotic communities, as previous investigations have focused mainly on a single site or on specific environmental conditions. In our study, we collected coastal sediments from seven sites around Okinawa Island, Japan, including three different benthic types; sandy bottoms, seagrass meadows, and hard substratum with living scleractinian corals. We then used metabarcoding to identify prokaryotic compositions and estimate enzymes encoded by genes to infer their functions.<br><br>RESULTS: The results showed that the three substrata had significantly different prokaryotic compositions. Seagrass meadow sites exhibited significantly higher prokaryotic alpha-diversity compared to sandy bottom sites. ANCOM analysis revealed that multiple bacterial orders were differentially abundant within each substratum. At coral reef sites, putative disease- and thermal stress-related opportunistic bacteria such as Rhodobacterales, Verrucomicrobiales, and Cytophagales were comparatively abundant, while seagrass meadow sites abundantly harbored Desulfobacterales, Steroidobacterales and Chromatiales, which are common bacterial orders in seagrass meadows. According to our gene-coded enzyme analyses the numbers of differentially abundant enzymes were highest in coral reef sites. Notably, superoxide dismutase, an important enzyme for anti-oxidative stress in coral tissue, was abundant at coral sites. Our results provide a list of prokaryotes to look into in each substrate, and further emphasize the importance of considering the microbiome, especially when focusing on environmental conservation.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Our findings prove that prokaryotic metabarcoding is capable of capturing compositional differences and the diversity of microbial communities in three different environments. Furthermore, several taxa were suggested to be differentially more abundant in specific environments, and gene-coded enzymic compositions also showed possible differences in ecological functions. Further study, in combination with field observations and temporal sampling, is key to achieving a better understanding of the interactions between the local microbiome and the surrounding benthic community.},
}
@article {pmid39080321,
year = {2024},
author = {Banse, M and Lecchini, D and Sabbe, J and Hanssen, N and Donaldson, T and Iwankow, G and Lagant, A and Parmentier, E},
title = {Author Correction: Production of sounds by squirrelfish during symbiotic relationships with cleaner wrasses.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {14},
number = {1},
pages = {17618},
doi = {10.1038/s41598-024-67937-3},
pmid = {39080321},
issn = {2045-2322},
}
@article {pmid39080318,
year = {2024},
author = {Ye, K and Bu, F and Zhong, L and Dong, Z and Ma, Z and Tang, Z and Zhang, Y and Yang, X and Xu, X and Wang, E and Lucas, WJ and Huang, S and Liu, H and Zheng, J},
title = {Mapping the molecular landscape of Lotus japonicus nodule organogenesis through spatiotemporal transcriptomics.},
journal = {Nature communications},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {6387},
pmid = {39080318},
issn = {2041-1723},
mesh = {*Lotus/genetics/metabolism/growth &amp; development ; *Root Nodules, Plant/metabolism/growth &amp; development/genetics/microbiology ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; *Plant Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; *Transcriptome ; *Nitrogen Fixation/genetics ; Symbiosis/genetics ; Transcription Factors/metabolism/genetics ; Plant Root Nodulation/genetics ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Spatio-Temporal Analysis ; Organogenesis, Plant/genetics ; Organogenesis/genetics ; },
abstract = {Legumes acquire nitrogen-fixing ability by forming root nodules. Transferring this capability to more crops could reduce our reliance on nitrogen fertilizers, thereby decreasing environmental pollution and agricultural production costs. Nodule organogenesis is complex, and a comprehensive transcriptomic atlas is crucial for understanding the underlying molecular events. Here, we utilized spatial transcriptomics to investigate the development of nodules in the model legume, Lotus japonicus. Our investigation has identified the developmental trajectories of two critical regions within the nodule: the infection zone and peripheral tissues. We reveal the underlying biological processes and provide gene sets to achieve symbiosis and material exchange, two essential aspects of nodulation. Among the candidate regulatory genes, we illustrate that LjNLP3, a transcription factor belonging to the NIN-LIKE PROTEIN family, orchestrates the transition of nodules from the differentiation to maturation. In summary, our research advances our understanding of nodule organogenesis and provides valuable data for developing symbiotic nitrogen-fixing crops.},
}
@article {pmid39079736,
year = {2024},
author = {Wood, J},
title = {Symbiotic Relationship of Educational Programs and Clinical Settings.},
journal = {Radiologic technology},
volume = {95},
number = {6},
pages = {466-468},
pmid = {39079736},
issn = {1943-5657},
mesh = {Humans ; *Technology, Radiologic/education ; Curriculum ; },
}
@article {pmid39079632,
year = {2024},
author = {Luo, L and Xue, P and Chen, X and Gan, P and Li, X and Yu, K and Zhang, Y},
title = {Possible toxification mechanisms of acute and chronic pentachlorophenol to Montipora digitata: Limitation of energy supply and immunotoxicity.},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {175069},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175069},
pmid = {39079632},
issn = {1879-1026},
abstract = {Pentachlorophenol (PCP) is widely found in coastal environments and has various adverse effects, and its potential impact on coral reef ecosystems concerning. The scleractinian coral Montipora digitata was used for PCP stress experiments in this study. Phenotypes, physiological indicators, microbial diversity analysis and RNA sequencing were used to investigate the mechanisms underlying the responses of corals to acute and chronic PCP exposure. After 96 h of acute exposure, coral bleaching occurred at 1000 μg/LPCP and there was a significant decrease in Symbiodiniaceae density, Fv/Fm, and chlorophyll a content. Exposure to different concentrations of PCP significantly increased the content of malondialdehyde (MDA), leading to oxidative stress in corals. Chronic PCP exposure resulted in bleaching at 60 days, with the Fv/Fm significantly reduced to 0.461. Microbial diversity analysis revealed an increase in the abundance of potential pathogens, such as Vibrio, during acute PCP exposure and the emergence of the degrading bacterium Delftia during chronic PCP exposure. Transcriptional analysis showed that PCP exposure caused abnormal carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism in zooxanthella, which affected energy supply, induced immune responses, and disrupted symbiotic relationships. Corals respond to injury by boosting the expression of genes associated with signal transduction and immune response. Additionally, the expression of genes associated with environmental adaptation increased with chronic PCP exposure, which is consistent with the results of the microbial diversity analysis. These results indicate that PCP exposure might affect the balance of coral- zooxanthellae symbiosis in the stony coral M. digitata, impairing coral health and leading to bleaching.},
}
@article {pmid39078831,
year = {2024},
author = {Hulver, AM and Carbonne, C and Teixidó, N and Comeau, S and Kemp, DW and Keister, EF and Gattuso, JP and Grottoli, AG},
title = {Elevated heterotrophic capacity as a strategy for Mediterranean corals to cope with low pH at CO2 vents.},
journal = {PloS one},
volume = {19},
number = {7},
pages = {e0306725},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0306725},
pmid = {39078831},
issn = {1932-6203},
mesh = {Animals ; *Anthozoa/physiology/metabolism ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; *Carbon Dioxide/metabolism ; Heterotrophic Processes/physiology ; Mediterranean Sea ; Seawater/chemistry ; Photosynthesis ; Calcification, Physiologic ; },
abstract = {The global increase in anthropogenic CO2 is leading to ocean warming and acidification, which is threatening corals. In Ischia, Italy, two species of Mediterranean scleractinian corals-the symbiotic Cladocora caespitosa and the asymbiotic Astroides calycularis-were collected from ambient pH sites (average pHT = 8.05) and adjacent CO2 vent sites (average pHT = 7.8) to evaluate their response to ocean acidification. Coral colonies from both sites were reared in a laboratory setting for six months at present day pH (pHT ~ 8.08) or low pH (pHT ~7.72). Previous work showed that these corals were tolerant of low pH and maintained positive calcification rates throughout the experiment. We hypothesized that these corals cope with low pH by increasing their heterotrophic capacity (i.e., feeding and/or proportion of heterotrophically derived compounds incorporated in their tissues), irrespective of site of origin, which was quantified indirectly by measuring δ13C, δ15N, and sterols. To further characterize coral health, we quantified energy reserves by measuring biomass, total lipids, and lipid classes. Additional analysis for C. caespitosa included carbohydrates (an energy reserve) and chlorophyll a (an indicator of photosynthetic capacity). Isotopic evidence shows that ambient-sourced Mediterranean corals, of both species, decreased heterotrophy in response to six months of low pH. Despite maintaining energy reserves, lower net photosynthesis (C. caespitosa) and a trend of declining calcification (A. calycularis) suggest a long-term cost to low heterotrophy under ocean acidification conditions. Conversely, vent-sourced corals maintained moderate (C. caespitosa) or high (A. calycularis) heterotrophic capacity and increased photosynthesis rates (C. caespitosa) in response to six months at low pH, allowing them to sustain themselves physiologically. Provided there is sufficient zooplankton and/or organic matter to meet their heterotrophic needs, vent-sourced corals are more likely to persist this century and potentially be a source for new corals in the Mediterranean.},
}
@article {pmid39077583,
year = {2023},
author = {Zhou, XY and Ke, QQ and Su, JK and Hu, K and Yang, QH},
title = {The Life Experience of Patients after the Implantation of Cardiovascular Implantable Electronic Devices: A Qualitative Meta-Synthesis.},
journal = {Reviews in cardiovascular medicine},
volume = {24},
number = {10},
pages = {304},
pmid = {39077583},
issn = {1530-6550},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular implantable electronic devices (CIED) are more and more widely used in the clinical treatment of cardiovascular diseases. However, CIED implantation may also result in a variety of physical, psychological, and social problems among patients. To help patients adapt to life after CIED implantation, it is important to know patients' needs from their perspectives. Explore the needs of CIED patients from their perspectives to guide healthcare providers to improve their quality of life.<br><br>METHODS: PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, the Cochrane Library, CNKI, the VIP database, the Wanfang database, and the China Biomedical Literature database were searched for qualitative studies on the experience of patients with CIED dating from January 2000 to August 2022. The quality of each article was evaluated according to the 2016 edition of the Joanna Briggs Institute Evidence-Based Health Care Center Qualitative Research Quality Evaluation Criteria and an integrative meta-synthesis was undertaken.<br><br>RESULTS: A total of 18 documents were included, and 111 categories were extracted. Analysis of the data resulted in the identification of 3 themes and 12 subthemes. The first theme, Equipment Symbiosis, included "Mixed feelings about the device as part of the body", "Mixed feelings about the patient's role", and "Mixed feelings about an electrical stimulus". The second theme, External Support, included "Husband and wife relationship damaged", "Eager to participate, unwilling to be overprotected", "Want to return to work but are forced to leave", and "Information supply and demand mismatch". The third theme, Self-coping, included "How to face a doctor", "How to deal with activity restrictions", "How to face yourself", "How to face the future", and "How to face death".<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Healthcare providers need to accelerate technological innovation and clinical adoption of CIED. Additionally, healthcare providers need to establish a diverse support system led by medical staff, with family members, peers, and society working together, and improve CIEDs remote monitoring to help patients improve their quality of life.},
}
@article {pmid39076777,
year = {2024},
author = {Frost, CL and Mitchell, R and Smith, JE and Hughes, WOH},
title = {Genotypes and phenotypes in a Wolbachia-ant symbiosis.},
journal = {PeerJ},
volume = {12},
number = {},
pages = {e17781},
pmid = {39076777},
issn = {2167-8359},
mesh = {Animals ; *Wolbachia/physiology/genetics ; *Symbiosis/genetics ; *Ants/microbiology/genetics ; *Genotype ; *Phenotype ; Female ; Male ; },
abstract = {The fitness effects of overt parasites, and host resistance to them, are well documented. Most symbionts, however, are more covert and their interactions with their hosts are less well understood. Wolbachia, an intracellular symbiont of insects, is particularly interesting because it is thought to be unaffected by the host immune response and to have fitness effects mostly focussed on sex ratio manipulation. Here, we use quantitative PCR to investigate whether host genotype affects Wolbachia infection density in the leaf-cutting ant Acromyrmex echinatior, and whether Wolbachia infection density may affect host morphology or caste determination. We found significant differences between host colonies in the density of Wolbachia infections, and also smaller intracolonial differences in infection density between host patrilines. However, the density of Wolbachia infections did not appear to affect the morphology of adult queens or likelihood of ants developing as queens. The results suggest that both host genotype and environment influence the host-Wolbachia relationship, but that Wolbachia infections carry little or no physiological effect on the development of larvae in this system.},
}
@article {pmid39076113,
year = {2024},
author = {Ruggeri, M and Million, WC and Hamilton, L and Kenkel, CD},
title = {Microhabitat acclimatization alters sea anemone-algal symbiosis and thermal tolerance across the intertidal zone.},
journal = {Ecology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e4388},
doi = {10.1002/ecy.4388},
pmid = {39076113},
issn = {1939-9170},
support = {//USC Wrigley Institute for Environmental Studies/ ; //Wrigley Bakus Fellowship/ ; //Wrigley Summer Fellowship/ ; //Victoria J. Bertics Fellowship/ ; },
abstract = {Contemporary symbioses in extreme environments can give an insight into mechanisms that stabilize species interactions during environmental change. The intertidal sea anemone, Anthopleura elegantissima, engages in a nutritional symbiosis with microalgae similar to tropical coral, but withstands more intense environmental fluctuations during tidal inundations. In this study, we compare baseline symbiotic traits and their sensitivity to thermal stress within and among anemone aggregations across the intertidal using a laboratory-based tank experiment to better understand how fixed genotypic and plastic environmental effects contribute to the successful maintenance of this symbiosis in extreme habitats. High intertidal anemones had lower baseline symbiont-to-host cell ratios under control conditions, but their symbionts had higher baseline photosynthetic efficiency compared to low intertidal anemone symbionts. Symbiont communities were identical across all samples, suggesting that shifts in symbiont density and photosynthetic performance could be an acclimatory mechanism to maintain symbiosis in different environments. Despite lower baseline symbiont-to-host cell ratios, high intertidal anemones maintained greater symbiont-to-host cell ratios under heat stress compared with low intertidal anemones, suggesting greater thermal tolerance of high intertidal holobionts. However, the thermal tolerance of clonal anemones acclimatized to different zones was not explained by tidal height alone, indicating additional environmental variables contribute to physiological differences. Host genotype significantly influenced anemone weight, but only explained a minor proportion of variation among symbiotic traits and their response to thermal stress, further implicating environmental history as the primary driver of holobiont tolerance. These results indicate that this symbiosis is highly plastic and may be able to acclimatize to climate change over ecological timescales, defying the convention that symbiotic organisms are more susceptible to environmental stress.},
}
@article {pmid39075976,
year = {2024},
author = {Dungan, AM and Thomas, JL},
title = {Fecal bacterial communities of the platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus) reflect captivity status-Implications for conservation and management.},
journal = {Integrative zoology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/1749-4877.12865},
pmid = {39075976},
issn = {1749-4877},
abstract = {The duck-billed platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus) is currently listed as near-threatened. A key part of the conservation strategy for this species is its captive maintenance; however, captive animals often have dysbiotic gut bacterial microbiomes. Here, for the first time, we characterize the gut microbiome of wild platypus via fecal samples using high-throughput sequencing of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene and identify microbial biomarkers of captivity in this species. At the phylum level, Firmicutes (50.4%) predominated among all platypuses, followed by Proteobacteria (28.7%), Fusobacteria (13.4%), and Bacteroidota (6.9%), with 21 "core" bacteria identified. Captive individuals did not differ in their microbial α-diversity compared to wild platypus but had significantly different community composition (β-diversity) and exhibited higher abundances of Enterococcus, which are potential pathogenic bacteria. Four taxa were identified as biomarkers of wild platypus, including Rickettsiella, Epulopiscium, Clostridium, and Cetobacterium. This contrast in gut microbiome composition between wild and captive platypus is an essential insight for guiding conservation management, as the rewilding of captive animal microbiomes is a new and emerging tool to improve captive animal health, maximize captive breeding efforts, and give reintroduced or translocated animals the best chance of survival.},
}
@article {pmid39075131,
year = {2024},
author = {Jimi, N and Britayev, TA and Sako, M and Woo, SP and Martin, D},
title = {A new genus and species of nudibranch-mimicking Syllidae (Annelida, Polychaeta).},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {14},
number = {1},
pages = {17123},
pmid = {39075131},
issn = {2045-2322},
support = {22K15165//Japan Society for the Promotion of Science/ ; JPJSCCB20200009//Japan Society for the Promotion of Science/ ; 24-14-00288//Russian Science Foundation/ ; 2021SGR00405//Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci&#xf3;n of Spain (MICIN) / Agencia Espa&#xf1;ola de Investigaci&#xf3;n (AEI)/ ; PID2022-141401NB-I00//FEDER Una manera de hacer Europa/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Polychaeta/classification/anatomy &amp; histology/physiology ; Vietnam ; Biological Mimicry/physiology ; Japan ; Biological Evolution ; },
abstract = {Nudibranch mollusks, which are well-known for their vivid warning coloration and effective defenses, are mimicked by diverse invertebrates to deter predation through both Müllerian and Batesian strategies. Despite extensive documentation across different taxa, mimickers have not been detected among annelids, including polychaetes, until now. This study described a new genus and species of polychaete living on Dendronephthya octocorals in Vietnam and Japan. Belonging to Syllidae, it exhibits unique morphological adaptations such as a low number of body segments, simple chaetae concealed within the parapodia and large and fusiform antennae and cirri. Moreover, these appendages are vividly colored, featuring an internal dark red area with numerous terminal white spots and bright yellow tips, effectively contributing to mimicking the appearance of a nudibranch. This discovery not only documents the first known instance of such mimicry among annelids, but also expands our understanding of evolutionary adaptation and ecological strategies in marine invertebrates.},
}
@article {pmid39074706,
year = {2024},
author = {Sharma, C and Bhardwaj, NK and Pathak, P and Dey, P and Gautam, S and Kumar, S and Dutt Purohit, S},
title = {Bacterial nanocellulose by static, static intermittent fed-batch and rotary disc bioreactor-based fermentation routes using economical black tea broth medium: A comparative account.},
journal = {International journal of biological macromolecules},
volume = {277},
number = {Pt 2},
pages = {134228},
doi = {10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.134228},
pmid = {39074706},
issn = {1879-0003},
abstract = {Bacterial nanocellulose was produced here using static, static intermittent-fed batch (SIFB) and rotary disc bioreactor (RDB) mode. Economical black tea broth media with symbiotic consortia of bacteria and yeast (SCOBY) was used towards feasible BNC production (instead of commercial NCIM 2526 strain and conventional HS media). The physicochemical characterization of BNC produced in all three modes via FE-SEM, ATR-FTIR, XRD and TGA results showed a highly porous morphology, mostly Iα form, good crystallinity and thermal stability, respectively. BNC crystallinity lies in the range of 68 % (RDB) to 79.4 % (static and SIFB). Water retention value (86 to 93 %) and moisture content (85 to 93 %) are high for BNC produced in all three modes. Commendable difference in the BNC yield, sugar consumption, conversion yield and residual sugar was observed using different methods. Highest BNC yield 29.4 ± 0.66 gL[-1] was obtained under SIFB method as compared to static mode (13.6 ± 0.32 g L[-1]). Under RDB, a negligible amount of BNC i.e., 1.0 ± 0.2 g L[-1] was produced. SCOBY with BTB medium was found unsuitable for BNC production under RDB and needs further investigation. Thus, this comparative study offers a way to produce a commendable amount of low-priced BNC for various techno-industrial usage.},
}
@article {pmid39073598,
year = {2024},
author = {Vohník, M and Josefiová, J},
title = {Novel epiphytic root-fungus symbiosis in the Indo-Pacific seagrass Thalassodendron ciliatum from the Red Sea.},
journal = {Mycorrhiza},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {39073598},
issn = {1432-1890},
abstract = {Symbioses with fungi are important and ubiquitous on dry land but underexplored in the sea. As yet only one seagrass has been shown to form a specific root-fungus symbiosis that resembles those occurring in terrestrial plants, namely the dominant long-lived Mediterranean species Posidonia oceanica (Alismatales: Posidoniaceae) forming a dark septate (DS) endophytic association with the ascomycete Posidoniomyces atricolor (Pleosporales: Aigialaceae). Using stereomicroscopy, light and scanning electron microscopy, and DNA cloning, here we describe a novel root-fungus symbiosis in the Indo-Pacific seagrass Thalassodendron ciliatum (Alismatales: Cymodoceaceae) from a site in the Gulf of Aqaba in the Red Sea. Similarly to P. oceanica, the mycobiont of T. ciliatum occurs more frequently in thinner roots that engage in nutrient uptake from the seabed and forms extensive hyphal mantles composed of DS hyphae on the root surface. Contrary to P. oceanica, the mycobiont occurs on the roots with root hairs and does not colonize its host intraradically. While the cloning revealed a relatively rich spectrum of fungi, they were mostly parasites or saprobes of uncertain origin and the identity of the mycobiont thus remains unknown. Symbioses of seagrasses with fungi are probably more frequent than previously thought, but their functioning and significance are unknown. Melanin present in DS hyphae slows down their decomposition and so is true for the colonized roots. DS fungi may in this way conserve organic detritus in the seagrasses' rhizosphere, thus contributing to blue carbon sequestration in seagrass meadows.},
}
@article {pmid39073398,
year = {2024},
author = {Ledermann, R and Bourdès, A and Schuller, M and Jorrin, B and Ahel, I and Poole, PS},
title = {Aspartate aminotransferase of Rhizobium leguminosarum has extended substrate specificity and metabolizes aspartate to enable N2 fixation in pea nodules.},
journal = {Microbiology (Reading, England)},
volume = {170},
number = {7},
pages = {},
pmid = {39073398},
issn = {1465-2080},
mesh = {*Rhizobium leguminosarum/genetics/metabolism/enzymology ; *Aspartic Acid/metabolism ; *Pisum sativum/microbiology ; *Root Nodules, Plant/microbiology ; *Nitrogen Fixation ; *Aspartate Aminotransferases/metabolism/genetics ; Substrate Specificity ; Bacterial Proteins/metabolism/genetics ; Symbiosis ; Mutation ; },
abstract = {Rhizobium leguminosarum aspartate aminotransferase (AatA) mutants show drastically reduced symbiotic nitrogen fixation in legume nodules. Whilst AatA reversibly transaminates the two major amino-donor compounds aspartate and glutamate, the reason for the lack of N2 fixation in the mutant has remained unclear. During our investigations into the role of AatA, we found that it catalyses an additional transamination reaction between aspartate and pyruvate, forming alanine. This secondary reaction runs at around 60 % of the canonical aspartate transaminase reaction rate and connects alanine biosynthesis to glutamate via aspartate. This may explain the lack of any glutamate-pyruvate transaminase activity in R. leguminosarum, which is common in eukaryotic and many prokaryotic genomes. However, the aspartate-to-pyruvate transaminase reaction is not needed for N2 fixation in legume nodules. Consequently, we show that aspartate degradation is required for N2 fixation, rather than biosynthetic transamination to form an amino acid. Hence, the enzyme aspartase, which catalyses the breakdown of aspartate to fumarate and ammonia, suppressed an AatA mutant and restored N2 fixation in pea nodules.},
}
@article {pmid39073297,
year = {2024},
author = {Chen, L and Zhang, L and Hua, H and Liu, L and Mao, Y and Wang, R},
title = {Interactions between toll-like receptors signaling pathway and gut microbiota in host homeostasis.},
journal = {Immunity, inflammation and disease},
volume = {12},
number = {7},
pages = {e1356},
pmid = {39073297},
issn = {2050-4527},
support = {CSC202308310088//Chinese Scholarship Council/ ; 82004149//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 82274213//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 2022-KFKT-2//Open Project of Translational Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome/immunology ; *Signal Transduction/immunology ; *Toll-Like Receptors/metabolism/immunology ; *Homeostasis/immunology ; Animals ; *Dysbiosis/immunology/microbiology ; *Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/immunology/microbiology/metabolism ; Obesity/immunology/microbiology/metabolism ; Colorectal Neoplasms/immunology/microbiology/metabolism ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a family of fundamental pattern recognition receptors in the innate immune system, constituting the first line of defense against endogenous and exogenous antigens. The gut microbiota, a collection of commensal microorganisms in the intestine, is a major source of exogenous antigens. The components and metabolites of the gut microbiota interact with specific TLRs to contribute to whole-body immune and metabolic homeostasis.<br><br>OBJECTIVE: This review aims to summarize the interaction between the gut microbiota and TLR&#xa0;signaling pathways and to enumerate the role of microbiota dysbiosis-induced TLR signaling pathways in obesity, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and colorectal cancer (CRC).<br><br>RESULTS: Through the recognition of TLRs, the microbiota facilitates the development of both the innate and adaptive immune systems, while the immune system monitors dynamic changes in the commensal bacteria to maintain the balance of the host-microorganism symbiosis. Dysbiosis of the gut microbiota can induce a cascade of inflammatory and metabolic responses mediated by TLR&#xa0;signaling pathways, potentially resulting in various metabolic and inflammatory diseases.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Understanding the crosstalk between TLRs and the gut microbiota contributes to potential therapeutic applications in related diseases, offering new avenues for treatment strategies in conditions like obesity, IBD,&#xa0;and CRC.},
}
@article {pmid39072987,
year = {2024},
author = {Yan, G and Wei, T and Lan, Y and Xu, T and Qian, P},
title = {Different parts of the mussel Gigantidas haimaensis holobiont responded differently to deep-sea sampling stress.},
journal = {Integrative zoology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/1749-4877.12881},
pmid = {39072987},
issn = {1749-4877},
support = {2019B030302004//Major Project of Basic and Applied Basic Research of Guangdong Province/ ; 2021HJ01//PI project of Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou)/ ; SMSEGL24SC01//Hong Kong Branch of Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou)/ ; 16101822//HKSAR government/ ; C2013-22G//HKSAR government/ ; },
abstract = {Acute environmental changes cause stress during conventional deep-sea biological sampling without in situ fixation and affect gene expressions of samples collected. However, the degree of influence and underlying mechanisms are hardly investigated. Here, we conducted comparative transcriptomic analyses between in situ and onboard fixed gills and between in situ and onboard fixed mantles of deep-sea mussel Gigantidas haimaensis to assess the effects of incidental sampling stress. Results showed that transcription, translation, and energy metabolism were upregulated in onboard fixed gills and mantles, thereby mobilizing rapid gene expression to tackle the stress. Autophagy and phagocytosis that related to symbiotic interactions between the host and endosymbiont were downregulated in the onboard fixed gills. These findings demonstrated that symbiotic gill and nonsymbiotic mantle responded differently to sampling stress, and symbiosis in the gill was perturbed. Further comparative metatranscriptomic analysis between in situ and onboard fixed gills revealed that stress response genes, peptidoglycan biosynthesis, and methane fixation were upregulated in the onboard fixed endosymbiotic Gammaproteobacteria inside the gills, implying that energy metabolism of the endosymbiont was increased to cope with sampling stress. Furthermore, comparative analysis between the mussel G. haimaensis and the limpet Bathyacmaea lactea transcriptomes resultedidentified six transcription factor orthologs upregulated in both onboard fixed mussel mantles and limpets, including sharply increased early growth response protein 1 and Kruppel-like factor 5. They potentially play key roles in initiating the response of sampled deep-sea macrobenthos to sampling stress. Our results clearly show that in situ fixed biological samples are vital for studying deep-sea environmental adaptation.},
}
@article {pmid39072646,
year = {2024},
author = {Liberti, J and Frank, ET and Kay, T and Kesner, L and Monié-Ibanes, M and Quinn, A and Schmitt, T and Keller, L and Engel, P},
title = {Gut microbiota influences onset of foraging-related behavior but not physiological hallmarks of division of labor in honeybees.},
journal = {mBio},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e0103424},
doi = {10.1128/mbio.01034-24},
pmid = {39072646},
issn = {2150-7511},
abstract = {UNLABELLED: Gut microbes can impact cognition and behavior, but whether they regulate the division of labor in animal societies is unknown. We addressed this question using honeybees since they exhibit division of labor between nurses and foragers and because their gut microbiota can be manipulated. Using automated behavioral tracking and controlling for co-housing effects, we show that gut microbes influence the age at which bees start expressing foraging-like behaviors in the laboratory but have no effects on the time spent in a foraging arena and number of foraging trips. Moreover, the gut microbiota did not influence hallmarks of behavioral maturation such as body weight, cuticular hydrocarbon profile, hypopharyngeal gland size, gene expression, and the proportion of bees maturing into foragers. Overall, this study shows that the honeybee gut microbiota plays a role in controlling the onset of foraging-related behavior without permanent consequences on colony-level division of labor and several physiological hallmarks of behavioral maturation.<br><br>IMPORTANCE: The honeybee is emerging as a model system for studying gut microbiota-host interactions. Previous studies reported gut microbiota effects on multiple worker bee phenotypes, all of which change during behavioral maturation-the transition from nursing to foraging. We tested whether the documented effects may stem from an effect of the microbiota on behavioral maturation. The gut microbiota only subtly affected maturation: it accelerated the onset of foraging without affecting the overall proportion of foragers or their average output. We also found no effect of the microbiota on host weight, cuticular hydrocarbon (CHC) profile, hypopharyngeal gland size, and the expression of behavioral maturation-related genes. These results are inconsistent with previous studies reporting effects of the gut microbiota on bee weight and CHC profile. Our experiments revealed that co-housed bees tend to converge in behavior and physiology, suggesting that spurious associations may emerge when rearing environments are not replicated sufficiently or accounted for analytically.},
}
@article {pmid39072481,
year = {2024},
author = {Yang, YM and Naseer, M and Zhu, Y and Wang, BZ and Zhu, SG and Chen, YL and Ma, Y and Ma, BL and Guo, JC and Wang, S and Tao, HY and Xiong, YC},
title = {Iron Nanostructure Primes Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Symbiosis Tightly Connecting Maize Leaf Photosynthesis via a Nanofilm Effect.},
journal = {ACS nano},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1021/acsnano.4c04145},
pmid = {39072481},
issn = {1936-086X},
abstract = {It is crucial to clarify how the iron nanostructure activates plant growth, particularly in combination with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). We first identified 1.0 g·kg[-1] of nanoscale zerovalent iron (nZVI) as appropriate dosage to maximize maize growth by 12.7-19.7% in non-AMF and 18.9-26.4% in AMF, respectively. Yet, excessive nZVI at 2.0 g·kg[-1] exerted inhibitory effects while FeSO4 showed slight effects (p > 0.05). Under an appropriate dose, a nano core-shell structure was formed and the transfer and diffusion of electrons between PS II and PS I were facilitated, significantly promoting the reduction of ferricyanide and NADP (p < 0.05). SEM images showed that excessive nZVI particles can form stacked layers on the surface of roots and hyphae, inhibiting water and nutrient uptake. TEM observations showed that excessive nanoparticles can penetrate into root cortical cells, disrupt cellular homeostasis, and substantially elevate Fe content in roots (p < 0.05). This exacerbated membrane lipid peroxidation and osmotic regulation, accordingly restricting photosynthetic capacity and AMF colonization. Yet, appropriate nZVI can be adhered to a mycelium surface, forming a uniform nanofilm structure. The strength of the mycelium network was evidently enhanced, under an increased root colonization rate and an extramatrical hyphal length (p < 0.05). Enhanced mycorrhizal infection was tightly associated with higher gas exchange and Rubisco and Rubisco enzyme activities. This enabled more photosynthetic carbon to input into AMF symbiont. There existed a positive feedback loop connecting downward transfer of photosynthate and upward transport of water/nutrients. FeSO4 only slightly affected mycorrhizal development. Thus, it was the Fe nanostructure but not its inorganic salt state that primed AMF symbionts for better growth.},
}
@article {pmid39071805,
year = {2024},
author = {Gilbert, SF},
title = {Inter-kingdom communication and the sympoietic way of life.},
journal = {Frontiers in cell and developmental biology},
volume = {12},
number = {},
pages = {1427798},
pmid = {39071805},
issn = {2296-634X},
abstract = {Organisms are now seen as holobionts, consortia of several species that interact metabolically such that they sustain and scaffold each other's existence and propagation. Sympoiesis, the development of the symbiotic relationships that form holobionts, is critical for our understanding the origins and maintenance of biodiversity. Rather than being the read-out of a single genome, development has been found to be sympoietic, based on multigenomic interactions between zygote-derived cells and symbiotic microbes. These symbiotic and sympoietic interactions are predicated on the ability of cells from different kingdoms of life (e.g., bacteria and animals) to communicate with one another and to have their chemical signals interpreted in a manner that facilitates development. Sympoiesis, the creation of an entity by the interactions of other entities, is commonly seen in embryogenesis (e.g., the creation of lenses and retinas through the interaction of brain and epidermal compartments). In holobiont sympoiesis, interactions between partners of different domains of life interact to form organs and biofilms, wherein each of these domains acts as the environment for the other. If evolution is forged by changes in development, and if symbionts are routinely involved in our development, then changes in sympoiesis can constitute an important factor in evolution.},
}
@article {pmid39071713,
year = {2024},
author = {Hossain, M and Aziz, RA and Karmaker, CL and Debnath, B and Bari, ABMM and Islam, ARMT},
title = {Exploring the barriers to implement industrial symbiosis in the apparel manufacturing industry: Implications for sustainable development.},
journal = {Heliyon},
volume = {10},
number = {13},
pages = {e34156},
pmid = {39071713},
issn = {2405-8440},
abstract = {Industrial symbiosis, a promising approach for sustainable industrial practices, has garnered attention in recent days for its ability to enhance resource efficiency, minimize waste, and preserve the environment through collaborative exchanges among industries. In emerging economies like Bangladesh, integrating industrial symbiosis in the manufacturing industries offers the potential to balance economic growth with environmental sustainability. However, this integration encounters various barriers that complicate the implementation. Despite research on industrial symbiosis in robust economies, studies on emerging and developed economies are still scarce. To date, no research has yet investigated the barriers hindering the performance of industrial symbiosis in the Bangladeshi apparel manufacturing sector. To address this gap, this study integrates the Bayes theorem and the Best-Worst Method to identify and prioritize barriers to the Bangladeshi apparel manufacturing sector. From extensive literature reviews and expert validation, 17 barriers were identified. Findings reveal the "lack of technology and infrastructure readiness" as the most significant barrier, followed by "lack of inter-company cooperation" and "lack of management support". Conquering these barriers empowers emerging economies to fortify the apparel manufacturing sector's resilience, resource efficiency, and environmental performance while fostering sustainable development via circular economy practices. This study is expected to guide policymakers and stakeholders in crafting targeted strategies for promoting steady growth and sustainable development in the apparel manufacturing sector of emerging economies like Bangladesh.},
}
@article {pmid39071417,
year = {2024},
author = {McAtamney, A and Ferranti, A and Ludvik, DA and Yildiz, FH and Mandel, MJ and Hayward, T and Sanchez, LM},
title = {Microbial metabolomics' latest SICRIT: Soft ionization by Chemical Reaction in-Transfer mass spectrometry.},
journal = {bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1101/2024.07.17.604007},
pmid = {39071417},
issn = {2692-8205},
abstract = {Microbial metabolomics studies are a common approach to identifying microbial strains that have a capacity to produce new chemistries both in vitro and in situ . A limitation to applying microbial metabolomics to the discovery of new chemical entities is the rediscovery of known compounds, or "known unknowns." One contributing factor to this rediscovery is the majority of laboratories use one ionization source-electrospray ionization (ESI)-to conduct metabolomics studies. Although ESI is an efficient, widely adopted ionization method, its widespread use may contribute to the re-identification of known metabolites. Here, we present the use of a dielectric barrier discharge ionization (DBDI) for microbial metabolomics applications through the use of soft ionization chemical reaction in-transfer (SICRIT). Additionally, we compared SICRIT to ESI using two different Vibrio species- Vibrio fischeri, a symbiotic marine bacterium, and Vibrio cholerae , a pathogenic bacterium. Overall, we found that the SICRIT source ionizes a different set of metabolites than ESI, and it has the ability to ionize lipids more efficiently than ESI in positive mode. This work highlights the value of using more than one ionization source for the detection of metabolites.},
}
@article {pmid39071334,
year = {2024},
author = {Tuor, M and Stappers, MHT and Ruchti, F and Desgardin, A and Sparber, F and Orr, SJ and Gow, NAR and LeibundGut-Landmann, S},
title = {Card9 and MyD88 differentially regulate Th17 immunity to the commensal yeast Malassezia in the murine skin.},
journal = {bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {39071334},
issn = {2692-8205},
abstract = {The fungal community of the skin microbiome is dominated by a single genus, Malassezia . Besides its symbiotic lifestyle at the host interface, this commensal yeast has also been associated with diverse inflammatory skin diseases in humans and pet animals. Stable colonization is maintained by antifungal type 17 immunity. The mechanisms driving Th17 responses to Malassezia remain, however, unclear. Here, we show that the C-type lectin receptors Mincle, Dectin-1, and Dectin-2 recognize conserved patterns in the cell wall of Malassezia and induce dendritic cell activation in vitro , while only Dectin-2 is required for Th17 activation during experimental skin colonization in vivo. In contrast, Toll-like receptor recognition was redundant in this context. Instead, inflammatory IL-1 family cytokines signaling via MyD88 were also implicated in Th17 activation in a T cell-intrinsic manner. Taken together, we characterized the pathways contributing to protective immunity against the most abundant member of the skin mycobiome. This knowledge contributes to the understanding of barrier immunity and its regulation by commensals and is relevant considering how aberrant immune responses are associated with severe skin pathologies.},
}
@article {pmid39069546,
year = {2024},
author = {Pinelli, M and Makdissi, S and Scur, M and Parsons, BD and Baker, K and Otley, A and MacIntyre, B and Nguyen, HD and Kim, PK and Stadnyk, AW and Di Cara, F},
title = {Peroxisomal cholesterol metabolism regulates yap-signaling, which maintains intestinal epithelial barrier function and is altered in Crohn's disease.},
journal = {Cell death &amp; disease},
volume = {15},
number = {7},
pages = {536},
pmid = {39069546},
issn = {2041-4889},
support = {RGPIN-2019-04083//Canadian Network for Research and Innovation in Machining Technology, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC Canadian Network for Research and Innovation in Machining Technology)/ ; RGPIN-2019-04083//Canadian Network for Research and Innovation in Machining Technology, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC Canadian Network for Research and Innovation in Machining Technology)/ ; PJT-169179//Gouvernement du Canada | Instituts de Recherche en Sant&#xe9; du Canada | CIHR Skin Research Training Centre (Skin Research Training Centre)/ ; },
mesh = {*Crohn Disease/metabolism/pathology ; Animals ; Humans ; *Intestinal Mucosa/metabolism/pathology ; *Signal Transduction ; *Drosophila melanogaster/metabolism ; *Cholesterol/metabolism ; Mice ; *Peroxisomes/metabolism ; *YAP-Signaling Proteins/metabolism ; Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/metabolism ; Epithelial Cells/metabolism/pathology ; Transcription Factors/metabolism ; },
abstract = {Intestinal epithelial cells line the luminal surface to establish the intestinal barrier, where the cells play essential roles in the digestion of food, absorption of nutrients and water, protection from microbial infections, and maintaining symbiotic interactions with the commensal microbial populations. Maintaining and coordinating all these functions requires tight regulatory signaling, which is essential for intestinal homeostasis and organismal health. Dysfunction of intestinal epithelial cells, indeed, is linked to gastrointestinal disorders such as irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease, and gluten-related enteropathies. Emerging evidence suggests that peroxisome metabolic functions are crucial in maintaining intestinal epithelial cell functions and intestinal epithelium regeneration and, therefore, homeostasis. Here, we investigated the molecular mechanisms by which peroxisome metabolism impacts enteric health using the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster and murine model organisms and clinical samples. We show that peroxisomes control cellular cholesterol, which in turn regulates the conserved yes-associated protein-signaling and contributes to intestinal epithelial structure and epithelial barrier function. Moreover, analysis of intestinal organoid cultures derived from biopsies of patients affected by Crohn's Disease revealed that the dysregulation of peroxisome number, excessive cellular cholesterol, and inhibition of Yap-signaling are markers of disease and could be novel diagnostic and/or therapeutic targets for treating Crohn's Disease. Our studies provided mechanistic insights on peroxisomal signaling in intestinal epithelial cell functions and identified cholesterol as a novel metabolic regulator of yes-associated protein-signaling in tissue homeostasis.},
}
@article {pmid39069186,
year = {2024},
author = {Zhu, S and Zhao, W and Sun, S and Yang, X and Mao, H and Sheng, L and Chen, Z},
title = {Community metagenomics reveals the processes of cadmium resistance regulated by microbial functions in soils with Oryza sativa root exudate input.},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {175015},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175015},
pmid = {39069186},
issn = {1879-1026},
abstract = {Plants exert a profound influence on their rhizosphere microbiome through the secretion of root exudates, thereby imparting critical effects on their growth and overall health. The results unveil that japonica rice showcases a remarkable augmentation in its antioxidative stress mechanisms under Cd stress. This augmentation is characterized by the sequestration of heavy metal ions within the root system and the prodigious secretion of a spectrum of flavonoids, including Quercetin, Luteolin, Apigenin, Kaempferide, and Sakuranetin. These flavonoids operate as formidable guardians, shielding the plant from oxidative damage instigated by Cd-induced stress. Furthermore, the metagenomic analyses divulge the transformative potential of flavonoids, as they induce profound alterations in the composition and structural dynamics of plant rhizosphere microbial communities. These alterations manifest through the recruitment of plant growth-promoting bacteria, effectively engineering a conducive milieu for japonica rice. In addition, our symbiotic network analysis discerns that flavonoid compounds significantly improved the positive correlations among dominant species within the rhizosphere of japonica rice. This, in turn, bolsters the stability and intricacy of the microenvironmental ecological network. KEGG functional analyses reveal a notable upregulation in the expression of flavonoid functional genes, specifically cadA, cznA, nccC, and czrB, alongside an array of transporters, encompassing RND, ABC, MIT, and P-ATPase. These molecular orchestrations distinctly demarcated the rhizosphere microbiome of japonica rice, markedly enhancing its tolerance to Cd-induced stress. These findings not only shed light on the establishment of Cd-resistant bacterial consortia in rice but also herald a promising avenue for the precise modulation of plant rhizosphere microbiomes, thereby fortifying the safety and efficiency of crop production.},
}
@article {pmid39069184,
year = {2024},
author = {Cuartero, J and Querejeta, JI and Prieto, I and Frey, B and Alguacil, MM},
title = {Warming and rainfall reduction alter soil microbial diversity and co-occurrence networks and enhance pathogenic fungi in dryland soils.},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {175006},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175006},
pmid = {39069184},
issn = {1879-1026},
abstract = {In this 9-year manipulative field experiment, we examined the impacts of experimental warming (2 °C, W), rainfall reduction (30 % decrease in annual rainfall, RR), and their combination (W + RR) on soil microbial communities and native vegetation in a semi-arid shrubland in south-eastern Spain. Warming had strong negative effects on plant performance across five coexisting native shrub species, consistently reducing their aboveground biomass growth and long-term survival. The impacts of rainfall reduction on plant growth and survival were species-specific and more variable. Warming strongly altered the soil microbial community alpha-diversity and changed the co-occurrence network structure. The relative abundance of symbiotic arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) increased under W and W + RR, which could help buffer the direct negative impacts of climate change on their host plants nutrition and enhance their resistance to heat and drought stress. Indicator microbial taxa analyses evidenced that the marked sequence abundance of many plant pathogenic fungi, such as Phaeoacremonium, Cyberlindnera, Acremonium, Occultifur, Neodevriesia and Stagonosporopsis, increased significantly in the W and W + RR treatments. Moreover, the relative abundance of fungal animal pathogens and mycoparasites in soil also increased significantly under climate warming. Our findings indicate that warmer and drier conditions sustained over several years can alter the soil microbial community structure, composition, and network topology. The projected warmer and drier climate favours pathogenic fungi, which could offset the benefits of increased AMF abundance under warming and further aggravate the severe detrimental impacts of increased abiotic stress on native vegetation performance and ecosystem services in drylands.},
}
@article {pmid39068732,
year = {2024},
author = {Bustamante-Brito, R and Vera-Ponce de León, A and Rosenblueth, M and Martínez-Romero, E},
title = {Comparative genomics of the carmine cochineal symbiont Candidatus Dactylopiibacterium carminicum reveals possible protection to the host against viruses via CRISPR/Cas.},
journal = {Systematic and applied microbiology},
volume = {47},
number = {5},
pages = {126540},
doi = {10.1016/j.syapm.2024.126540},
pmid = {39068732},
issn = {1618-0984},
abstract = {We present new genomes from the bacterial symbiont Candidatus Dactylopiibacterium carminicum obtained from non-domesticated carmine cochineals belonging to the scale insect Dactylopius (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Dactylopiidae). As Dactylopiibacterium has not yet been cultured in the laboratory, metagenomes and metatranscriptomics have been key in revealing putative symbiont functions. Dactylopiibacterium is a nitrogen-fixing beta-proteobacterium that may be vertically transmitted and shows differential gene expression inside the cochineal depending on the tissue colonized. Here we found that all cochineal species tested had Dactylopiibacterium carminicum which has a highly conserved genome. All Dactylopiibacterium genomes analyzed had genes involved in nitrogen fixation and plant polymer degradation. Dactylopiibacterium genomes resemble those from free-living plant bacteria, some found as endophytes. Notably, we found here a new putative novel function where the bacteria may protect the insect from viruses, since all Dactylopiibacterium genomes contain CRISPRs with a spacer matching nucleopolyhedrovirus that affects insects.},
}
@article {pmid39067210,
year = {2024},
author = {Gray, M and Leo, A and Baker, M and Jefford, E},
title = {The lived experience of midwives' transitioning from a clinical role into teaching in higher education in one jurisdiction of Australia: A pilot study.},
journal = {Nurse education in practice},
volume = {79},
number = {},
pages = {104071},
doi = {10.1016/j.nepr.2024.104071},
pmid = {39067210},
issn = {1873-5223},
abstract = {AIM: The aim of this pilot study was to explore clinician's experience of transitioning from midwifery clinical practice into university in an academic teaching role within one jurisdiction in Australia.<br><br>BACKGROUND: There is a dire shortage of midwifery academics globally. In Australia the shortage is symbiotic with the persistent deficit in the midwifery clinical workforce, which is the predominant recruitment pool for universities. The midwifery workforce cannot be replenished without sufficient academics to provide education.<br><br>DESIGN: Phenomenology was selected as the most appropriate research approach for the study seeking to illuminate the lived experiences of clinicians as they transition into their new role as academics.<br><br>METHODS: Seven participants were recruited purposively from one jurisdiction in Australia between November 2022 and March 2023. Qualitative conversational interviews were performed facilitating each participant to share their narrative. Participants were then able to direct the conversation to share their lived experience of the transition from a midwifery clinician in practice to a midwifery academic in a university. Demographic details were collected for context.<br><br>RESULTS: Thematic analysis was used following Giorgi's four stage phenomenological process. Four themes were identified from commonalities between the participants, 'Being a drifter", 'Keeping a foot in both camps to maintain clinical credibility', 'In at the deep end: Not prepared for the reality of academia' and 'Best of both worlds'.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: The lived experiences of the participants in this study, as they transitioned from clinical midwifery practice to academia can be related to the Theory of Transition where participants navigate: Preparation, Encounter, Adjustment and Stabilisation. A new role in higher education requires adjustment to the reality of working in academia. Midwives who had experiences of being a casual staff member felt they had the best of both worlds, as they gained an insight into the role of an academic whilst remaining in clinical practice. However, many reported that mentorship would have been beneficial to facilitate stabilisation.},
}
@article {pmid39067168,
year = {2024},
author = {Lu, S and Zhao, Q and Guan, Y and Sun, Z and Li, W and Guo, S and Zhang, A},
title = {The communication mechanism of the gut-brain axis and its effect on central nervous system diseases: A systematic review.},
journal = {Biomedicine &amp; pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine &amp; pharmacotherapie},
volume = {178},
number = {},
pages = {117207},
doi = {10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117207},
pmid = {39067168},
issn = {1950-6007},
abstract = {Gut microbiota is involved in intricate and active metabolic processes the host's brain function, especially its role in immune responses, secondary metabolism, and symbiotic connections with the host. Gut microbiota can promote the production of essential metabolites, neurotransmitters, and other neuroactive chemicals that affect the development and treatment of central nervous system diseases. This article introduces the relevant pathways and manners of the communication between the brain and gut, summarizes a comprehensive overview of the current research status of key gut microbiota metabolites that affect the functions of the nervous system, revealing those adverse factors that affect typical communication between the brain-gut axis, and outlining the efforts made by researchers to alleviate these neurological diseases through targeted microbial interventions. The relevant pathways and manners of communication between the brain and gut contribute to the experimental design of new treatment plans and drug development. The factors that may cause changes in gut microbiota and affect metabolites, as well as current intervention methods are summarized, which helps improve gut microbiota brain dialogue, prevent adverse triggering factors from interfering with the gut microbiota system, and minimize neuropathological changes.},
}
@article {pmid39067084,
year = {2024},
author = {de Carvalho-Niebel, F and Fournier, J and Becker, A and Marín Arancibia, M},
title = {Cellular insights into legume root infection by rhizobia.},
journal = {Current opinion in plant biology},
volume = {81},
number = {},
pages = {102597},
doi = {10.1016/j.pbi.2024.102597},
pmid = {39067084},
issn = {1879-0356},
abstract = {Legume plants establish an endosymbiosis with nitrogen-fixing rhizobia bacteria, which are taken up from the environment anew by each host generation. This requires a dedicated genetic program on the host side to control microbe invasion, involving coordinated reprogramming of host cells to create infection structures that facilitate inward movement of the symbiont. Infection initiates in the epidermis, with different legumes utilizing distinct strategies for crossing this cell layer, either between cells (intercellular infection) or transcellularly (infection thread infection). Recent discoveries on the plant side using fluorescent-based imaging approaches have illuminated the spatiotemporal dynamics of infection, underscoring the importance of investigating this process at the dynamic single-cell level. Extending fluorescence-based live-dynamic approaches to the bacterial partner opens the exciting prospect of learning how individual rhizobia reprogram from rhizospheric to a host-confined state during early root infection.},
}
@article {pmid39065435,
year = {2024},
author = {Xu, Y and Tu, Y and Feng, J and Peng, Z and Peng, Y and Huang, J},
title = {Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Mediate the Acclimation of Rice to Submergence.},
journal = {Plants (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {13},
number = {14},
pages = {},
pmid = {39065435},
issn = {2223-7747},
support = {42107050//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 2023A04J0788//Basic and Applied Basic Research Project of Guangzhou/ ; R2021YJ-YB2003//Talent Introduction Project of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/ ; },
abstract = {Flooding is a critical factor that limits the establishment of a symbiosis between rice and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in wetland ecosystems. The distribution of carbon resources in roots and the acclimation strategies of rice to flooding stress in the presence of AMF are poorly understood. We conducted a root box experiment, employing nylon sheets or nylon meshes to create separate fungal chambers that either prevented or allowed the roots and any molecules to pass through. We found that the mycorrhizal colonization rate and the expression of genes OsD14L and OsCERK1, which are involved in fungal perception during symbiosis, both increased in mycorrhizal rice roots following intermittent flooding compared to continuous flooding. Furthermore, AMF inoculation affected root morphological traits, facilitating both shallower and deeper soil exploration. Increased submergence intensity led to carbohydrate deprivation in roots, while high mycorrhizal colonization increased soil oxygen consumption and decreased the neutral lipid concentration in roots. However, mycorrhizal inoculation increased the rice photosynthesis rate and facilitated acclimation to submergence by mediating the expression of the genes OsCIPK15 and OsSUB1A to enhance rice shoot elongation and the sugar concentration in roots as a result of reduced competition for carbon between rice and AMF under different flooding conditions.},
}
@article {pmid39065414,
year = {2024},
author = {Kaziūnienė, J and Pini, F and Shamshitov, A and Razbadauskienė, K and Frercks, B and Gegeckas, A and Mažylytė, R and Lapinskienė, L and Supronienė, S},
title = {Genetic Characterization of Rhizobium spp. Strains in an Organic Field Pea (Pisum sativum L.) Field in Lithuania.},
journal = {Plants (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {13},
number = {14},
pages = {},
pmid = {39065414},
issn = {2223-7747},
support = {P-MIP-22-366//Research Council of Sciences/ ; },
abstract = {Biological nitrogen fixation in legume plants depends on the diversity of rhizobia present in the soil. Rhizobial strains exhibit specificity towards host plants and vary in their capacity to fix nitrogen. The increasing interest in rhizobia diversity has prompted studies of their phylogenetic relations. Molecular identification of Rhizobium is quite complex, requiring multiple gene markers to be analysed to distinguish strains at the species level or to predict their host plant. In this research, 50 rhizobia isolates were obtained from the root nodules of five different Pisum sativum L. genotypes ("Bagoo", "Respect", "Astronaute", "Lina DS", and "Egle DS"). All genotypes were growing in the same field, where ecological farming practices were applied, and no commercial rhizobia inoculants were used. The influence of rhizobial isolates on pea root nodulation and dry biomass accumulation was determined. 16S rRNA gene, two housekeeping genes recA and atpD, and symbiotic gene nodC were analysed to characterize rhizobia population. The phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that 46 isolates were linked to Rhizobium leguminosarum; species complex 1 isolate was identified as Rhizobium nepotum, and the remaining 3 isolates belonged to Rahnella spp., Paenarthrobacter spp., and Peribacillus spp. genera. RecA and atpD gene analysis showed that the 46 isolates identified as R. leguminosarum clustered into three genospecies groups (B), (E) and (K). Isolates that had the highest influence on plant dry biomass accumulation clustered into the (B) group. NodC gene phylogenetic analysis clustered 46 R. leguminosarum isolates into 10 groups, and all isolates were assigned to the R. leguminosarum sv. viciae.},
}
@article {pmid39065256,
year = {2024},
author = {Zhou, P and Yang, L and Yang, W and Hou, J and Liao, Z},
title = {Optimization of H2O2 Production in Biological Systems for Design of Bio-Fenton Reactors.},
journal = {Microorganisms},
volume = {12},
number = {7},
pages = {},
pmid = {39065256},
issn = {2076-2607},
abstract = {The treatment of antibiotic wastewater, which is known for its micro-toxicity, inhibition, and poor biochemistry, poses significant challenges, including complex processes, high energy demands, and secondary pollution. Bio-Fenton, a novel Fenton technology, enables the in situ production of H2O2 at near-neutral pH, having low energy requirements and sustainable properties, and reduces the hazards of H2O2 transportation and storage. We preliminary self-designed a heterogeneous Bio-Fenton reactor. An aerobic SBBR system with pure algae, pure bacteria, and bacteria-algae symbiosis was first constructed to investigate the optimal process conditions through the effects of carbon source concentration, light duration, bamboo charcoal filling rate, and dissolved oxygen (DO) content on the H2O2 production and COD removal. Second, the reactor was constructed by adding iron-carrying catalysts to remove ROX and SDZ wastewater. The results demonstrated that the optimal operating parameters of aerobic SBBR were an influent carbon source concentration of 500 mg/L, a water temperature of 20 ± 2 °C, pH = 7.5, a dissolved oxygen content of 5 mg/L, a light-dark ratio of 12 h:12 h, a light intensity of 2500 Lux, an HRT of 10 h, and a bamboo charcoal filling rate of 33%. Given these conditions, the bacterial-algal system was comprehensively found to be the most suitable biosystem for this experiment. Ultimately, the dynamically coupled Bio-Fenton process succeeded in the preliminary removal of 41.32% and 42.22% of the ROX and SDZ from wastewater, respectively.},
}
@article {pmid39065211,
year = {2024},
author = {Giancola, ML and Fontana, A and Panebianco, C and Mazzarelli, A and Beccacece, A and De Marco, P and Cocomazzi, G and De Giuli, C and Grassi, G and Fontana, C and Baldini, GM and Contu, V and Copetti, M and Perri, F and Nicastri, E and Pazienza, V},
title = {Efficacy of a Multistrain Synbiotic Treatment in Acute and Post-Acute COVID-19 Patients: A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Randomized Trial.},
journal = {Microorganisms},
volume = {12},
number = {7},
pages = {},
pmid = {39065211},
issn = {2076-2607},
support = {line 1 on emerging and re-emerging infections.//Ricerca Corrente Program of the Italian Ministry of Health to the National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS/ ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Several studies reported the effect of COVID-19 on inducing gut dysbiosis, which is also correlated with disease severity. This study aims to investigate the effect of a nutraceutical formula on the shift of microbiota profiles and, secondly, on the clinical-pathological parameters of acute and post-acute COVID-19 patients.<br><br>METHODS: In this randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial conducted at National Institute for Infectious diseases (INMI) Lazzaro Spallanzani (Italy), 52 patients were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive a multistrain synbiotic formula (Kebirah[&#xae;]) or placebo orally for 35 days at COVID-19 diagnosis. Health professionals, investigators, and patients were masked to group assignments. The V3-V4 hypervariable region of 16S rRNA gene sequencing was employed to study the gut microbiota composition in the two groups.<br><br>RESULTS: Supplementation with Kebirah[&#xae;] prevented the decrease in the Shannon diversity index of gut microbiota, which was instead observed in patients receiving the placebo. In addition, decreases in lymphocyte count and haemoglobin levels were observed only in the placebo group and not in the treated group, which was also characterised by an amelioration of the gut microbial profile, with an enrichment in beneficial bacteria and a preservation of species diversity.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that modulating the gut microbiota in acute disease through administration of a specific symbiotic formula could be a useful strategy in the frame of SARS-CoV-2 infections.},
}
@article {pmid39065124,
year = {2024},
author = {Morales-Vargas, AT and López-Ramírez, V and Álvarez-Mejía, C and Vázquez-Martínez, J},
title = {Endophytic Fungi for Crops Adaptation to Abiotic Stresses.},
journal = {Microorganisms},
volume = {12},
number = {7},
pages = {},
pmid = {39065124},
issn = {2076-2607},
abstract = {Endophytic fungi (EFs) have emerged as promising modulators of plant growth and stress tolerance in agricultural ecosystems. This review synthesizes the current knowledge on the role of EFs in enhancing the adaptation of crops to abiotic stress. Abiotic stresses, such as drought, salinity, and extreme temperatures, pose significant challenges to crop productivity worldwide. EFs have shown remarkable potential in alleviating the adverse effects of these stresses. Through various mechanisms, including the synthesis of osmolytes, the production of stress-related enzymes, and the induction of plant defense mechanisms, EFs enhance plant resilience to abiotic stressors. Moreover, EFs promote nutrient uptake and modulate the hormonal balance in plants, further enhancing the stress tolerance of the plants. Recent advancements in molecular techniques have facilitated the identification and characterization of stress-tolerant EF strains, paving the way for their utilization in agricultural practices. Furthermore, the symbiotic relationship between EFs and plants offers ecological benefits, such as improved soil health and a reduced dependence on chemical inputs. However, challenges remain in understanding the complex interactions between EFs and host plants, as well as in scaling up their application in diverse agricultural systems. Future research should focus on elucidating the mechanisms underlying endophytic-fungal-mediated stress tolerance and developing sustainable strategies for harnessing their potential in crop production.},
}
@article {pmid39065120,
year = {2024},
author = {Li, F and Lyu, H and Li, H and Xi, K and Yi, Y and Zhang, Y},
title = {Domestication and Genetic Improvement Alter the Symbiotic Microbiome Structure and Function of Tomato Leaf and Fruit Pericarp.},
journal = {Microorganisms},
volume = {12},
number = {7},
pages = {},
pmid = {39065120},
issn = {2076-2607},
support = {Qiankehejichu-ZK[2022]Zhongdian 033//Natural Science Foundation of Guizhou Province/ ; 31960217,31902019, 32272022//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; },
abstract = {Many studies have attempted to explore the changes in the structure and function of symbiotic microbiomes, as well as the underlying genetic mechanism during crop domestication. However, most of these studies have focused on crop root microbiomes, while those on leaf and fruit are rare. In this study, we generated a comprehensive dataset including the metagenomic (leaf) and metatranscriptomic (fruit pericarp in the orange stage) data of hundreds of germplasms from three tomato clades: Solanum pimpinellifolium (PIM), cherry tomato (S. lycopersicum var. cerasiforme) (CER), and S. lycopersicum group (BIG). We investigated the effect of domestication and improvement processes on the structure of the symbiotic microbiome of tomato leaf and fruit pericarp, as well as its genetic basis. We were able to obtain the composition of the symbiotic microbiome of tomato leaf and fruit pericarp, based on which the tomato clade (PIM, CER, or BIG) was predicted with high accuracy through machine learning methods. In the processes of tomato domestication and improvement, changes were observed in the relative abundance of specific bacterial taxa, Bacillus for example, in the tomato leaf and fruit pericarp symbiotic microbiomes, as well as in the function of these symbiotic microbiomes. In addition, SNP loci that were significantly associated with microbial species that are characteristic of tomato leaf were identified. Our results show that domestication and genetic improvement processes alter the symbiotic microbiome structure and function of tomato leaf and fruit pericarp. We propose that leaf and fruit microbiomes are more suitable for revealing changes in symbiotic microbiomes during the domestication process and the underlying genetic basis for these changes due to the exclusion of the influence of environmental factors such as soil types on the microbiome structure.},
}
@article {pmid39065050,
year = {2024},
author = {Delaeter, M and Magnin-Robert, M and Randoux, B and Lounès-Hadj Sahraoui, A},
title = {Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi as Biostimulant and Biocontrol Agents: A Review.},
journal = {Microorganisms},
volume = {12},
number = {7},
pages = {},
pmid = {39065050},
issn = {2076-2607},
abstract = {Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are soil microorganisms living in symbiosis with most terrestrial plants. They are known to improve plant tolerance to numerous abiotic and biotic stresses through the systemic induction of resistance mechanisms. With the aim of developing more sustainable agriculture, reducing the use of chemical inputs is becoming a major concern. After providing an overview on AMF history, phylogeny, development cycle and symbiosis benefits, the current review aims to explore the potential of AMF as biostimulants and/or biocontrol agents. Nowadays, AMF inoculums are already increasingly used as biostimulants, improving mineral nutrient plant acquisition. However, their role as a promising tool in the biocontrol market, as an alternative to chemical phytosanitary products, is underexplored and underdiscussed. Thus, in the current review, we will address the mechanisms of mycorrhized plant resistance to biotic stresses induced by AMF, and highlight the various factors in favor of inoculum application, but also the challenges that remain to be overcome.},
}
@article {pmid39065027,
year = {2024},
author = {Zhang, X and Wang, Z and Lu, Y and Wei, J and Qi, S and Wu, B and Cheng, S},
title = {Sustainable Remediation of Soil and Water Utilizing Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi: A Review.},
journal = {Microorganisms},
volume = {12},
number = {7},
pages = {},
pmid = {39065027},
issn = {2076-2607},
support = {2023YFC3207503//National Key Research and Development Program of China/ ; No. 52170168//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; },
abstract = {Phytoremediation is recognized as an environmentally friendly technique. However, the low biomass production, high time consumption, and exposure to combined toxic stress from contaminated media weaken the potential of phytoremediation. As a class of plant-beneficial microorganisms, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can promote plant nutrient uptake, improve plant habitats, and regulate abiotic stresses, and the utilization of AMF to enhance phytoremediation is considered to be an effective way to enhance the remediation efficiency. In this paper, we searched 520 papers published during the period 2000-2023 on the topic of AMF-assisted phytoremediation from the Web of Science core collection database. We analyzed the author co-authorship, country, and keyword co-occurrence clustering by VOSviewer. We summarized the advances in research and proposed prospective studies on AMF-assisted phytoremediation. The bibliometric analyses showed that heavy metal, soil, stress tolerance, and growth promotion were the research hotspots. AMF-plant symbiosis has been used in water and soil in different scenarios for the remediation of heavy metal pollution and organic pollution, among others. The potential mechanisms of pollutant removal in which AMF are directly involved through hyphal exudate binding and stabilization, accumulation in their structures, and nutrient exchange with the host plant are highlighted. In addition, the tolerance strategies of AMF through influencing the subcellular distribution of contaminants as well as chemical form shifts, activation of plant defenses, and induction of differential gene expression in plants are presented. We proposed that future research should screen anaerobic-tolerant AMF strains, examine bacterial interactions with AMF, and utilize AMF for combined pollutant removal to accelerate practical applications.},
}
@article {pmid39064765,
year = {2024},
author = {Bui, TPN},
title = {The Human Microbiome as a Therapeutic Target for Metabolic Diseases.},
journal = {Nutrients},
volume = {16},
number = {14},
pages = {},
pmid = {39064765},
issn = {2072-6643},
mesh = {Humans ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome/physiology/drug effects ; *Metabolic Diseases/microbiology/therapy ; Symbiosis ; Dysbiosis ; Probiotics/therapeutic use ; Host Microbial Interactions/physiology ; },
abstract = {The human microbiome functions as a separate organ in a symbiotic relationship with the host. Disruption of this host-microbe symbiosis can lead to serious health problems. Modifications to the composition and function of the microbiome have been linked to changes in host metabolic outcomes. Industrial lifestyles with high consumption of processed foods, alcoholic beverages and antibiotic use have significantly altered the gut microbiome in unfavorable ways. Therefore, understanding the causal relationship between the human microbiome and host metabolism will provide important insights into how we can better intervene in metabolic health. In this review, I will discuss the potential use of the human microbiome as a therapeutic target to improve host metabolism.},
}
@article {pmid39062822,
year = {2024},
author = {Huang, X and Li, C and Zhang, K and Li, K and Xie, J and Peng, Y and Quan, M and Sun, Y and Hu, Y and Xia, L and Hu, S},
title = {Function and Global Regulation of Type III Secretion System and Flagella in Entomopathogenic Nematode Symbiotic Bacteria.},
journal = {International journal of molecular sciences},
volume = {25},
number = {14},
pages = {},
pmid = {39062822},
issn = {1422-0067},
support = {32070090&#xff1b;19K053&#xff1b;QL20230118&#xff1b;2023JJ30398//National Natural Science Foundation of China&#xff1b;Research Foundation of Education Bureau of Hunan Province&#xff1b;Postgraduate Scientific Research Innovation Project of Hunan Province&#xff1b;Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province&#xff1b;/ ; },
mesh = {*Flagella/metabolism ; *Type III Secretion Systems/metabolism/genetics ; Animals ; *Symbiosis ; Bacterial Proteins/metabolism/genetics ; Xenorhabdus/metabolism/genetics/physiology ; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial ; Photorhabdus/metabolism/pathogenicity/genetics/physiology ; Nematoda/microbiology/metabolism ; Biofilms/growth &amp; development ; },
abstract = {Currently, it is widely accepted that the type III secretion system (T3SS) serves as the transport platform for bacterial virulence factors, while flagella act as propulsion motors. However, there remains a noticeable dearth of comparative studies elucidating the functional disparities between these two mechanisms. Entomopathogenic nematode symbiotic bacteria (ENS), including Xenorhabdus and Photorhabdus, are Gram-negative bacteria transported into insect hosts by Steinernema or Heterorhabdus. Flagella are conserved in ENS, but the T3SS is only encoded in Photorhabdus. There are few reports on the function of flagella and the T3SS in ENS, and it is not known what role they play in the infection of ENS. Here, we clarified the function of the T3SS and flagella in ENS infection based on flagellar inactivation in X. stockiae (flhDC deletion), T3SS inactivation in P. luminescens (sctV deletion), and the heterologous synthesis of the T3SS of P. luminescens in X. stockiae. Consistent with the previous results, the swarming movement of the ENS and the formation of biofilms are dominated by the flagella. Both the T3SS and flagella facilitate ENS invasion and colonization within host cells, with minimal impact on secondary metabolite formation and secretion. Unexpectedly, a proteomic analysis reveals a negative feedback loop between the flagella/T3SS assembly and the type VI secretion system (T6SS). RT-PCR testing demonstrates the T3SS's inhibition of flagellar assembly, while flagellin expression promotes T3SS assembly. Furthermore, T3SS expression stimulates ribosome-associated protein expression.},
}
@article {pmid39062813,
year = {2024},
author = {Pawluś, P and Kolniak-Ostek, J},
title = {Innovative Analogs of Unpasteurized Kombucha Beverages: Comparative Analysis of Mint/Nettle Kombuchas, Considering Their Health-Promoting Effect, Polyphenolic Compounds and Chemical Composition.},
journal = {International journal of molecular sciences},
volume = {25},
number = {14},
pages = {},
pmid = {39062813},
issn = {1422-0067},
mesh = {*Polyphenols/chemistry/analysis ; *Fermentation ; Antioxidants/chemistry ; Beverages/analysis ; Kombucha Tea/analysis ; Mentha spicata/chemistry ; Humans ; Sucrose/metabolism/chemistry ; },
abstract = {Increasing demand for functional beverages is attracting consumers' attention and driving research to expand our knowledge of fermentation using symbiotic culture of bacteria and yeast (SCOBY) and demonstrate the health effects of consuming kombucha. The objective of this study was to develop innovative recipes for unpasteurized mint/nettle kombucha analogs, and to compare the products obtained under varying conditions in terms of chemical composition, bioactive polyphenols and health-promoting activity. Four variants of kombucha beverages (K1-K4), differing in the addition of sucrose and fermentation temperature, were formulated. The fermentation process provided data indicating the increase of antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory and anticholinergic properties, while a decrease in antioxidant capacity was observed. The content of polyphenolics was the highest on the seventh day of fermentation. A higher fermentation temperature and a larger amount of sucrose accelerated the fermentation process, which may be crucial for shortening the production time of kombucha drinks.},
}
@article {pmid39062758,
year = {2024},
author = {Dvir, K and Giordano, S and Leone, JP},
title = {Immunotherapy in Breast Cancer.},
journal = {International journal of molecular sciences},
volume = {25},
number = {14},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/ijms25147517},
pmid = {39062758},
issn = {1422-0067},
abstract = {Breast cancer is a disease encompassing a spectrum of molecular subtypes and clinical presentations, each with distinct prognostic implications and treatment responses. Breast cancer has traditionally been considered an immunologically "cold" tumor, unresponsive to immunotherapy. However, clinical trials in recent years have found immunotherapy to be an efficacious therapeutic option for select patients. Breast cancer is categorized into different subtypes ranging from the most common positive hormone receptor (HR+), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative type, to less frequent HER2- positive breast cancer and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), highlighting the necessity for tailored treatment strategies aimed at maximizing patient outcomes. Despite notable progress in early detection and new therapeutic modalities, breast cancer remains the second leading cause of cancer death in the USA. Moreover, in recent decades, breast cancer incidence rates have been increasing, especially in women younger than the age of 50. This has prompted the exploration of new therapeutic approaches to address this trend, offering new therapeutic prospects for breast cancer patients. Immunotherapy is a class of therapeutic agents that has revolutionized the treatment landscape of many cancers, namely melanoma, lung cancer, and gastroesophageal cancers, amongst others. Though belatedly, immunotherapy has entered the treatment armamentarium of breast cancer, with the approval of pembrolizumab in combination with chemotherapy in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) in the neoadjuvant and advanced settings, thereby paving the path for further research and integration of immune checkpoint inhibitors in other subtypes of breast cancer. Trials exploring various combination therapies to harness the power of immunotherapy in symbiosis with various chemotherapeutic agents are ongoing in hopes of improving response rates and prolonging survival for breast cancer patients. Biomarkers and precise patient selection for the utilization of immunotherapy remain cardinal and are currently under investigation, with some biomarkers showing promise, such as Program Death Lignat-1 (PDL-1) Combined Positive Score, Tumor Mutation Burden (TMB), and Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocytes (TILs). This review will present the current landscape of immunotherapy, particularly checkpoint inhibitors, in different types of breast cancer.},
}
@article {pmid39060616,
year = {2024},
author = {Moon, YL and Kim, KH and Park, JS},
title = {Chengkuizengella axinellae sp. nov., a symbiotic bacterium isolated from a marine sponge of the genus Axinella.},
journal = {Antonie van Leeuwenhoek},
volume = {117},
number = {1},
pages = {106},
pmid = {39060616},
issn = {1572-9699},
support = {2021R1I1A3046479//National Research Foundation of Korea/ ; },
abstract = {A Gram-stain-positive, strictly aerobic, creamy-white colored, endospore-forming and non-motile rods strain, designated as strain 2205SS18-9[T], was isolated from a marine sponge, Axinella sp. collected from Seopseom Island, Republic of Korea. Optimal growth of strain 2205SS18-9[T] was observed at 25-30 °C, pH 6.5-7.0, and in the presence of 3.0% (w/v) NaCl. Cells were oxidase-positive and catalase-negative. Negative for nitrate reduction and indole production. Phylogenetic analyses based on the 16S rRNA gene and whole-genome sequences revealed that strain 2205SS18-9[T] formed a distinct phyletic lineage in the genus Chengkuizengella, and it was most closely related to Chengkuizengella marina YPA3-1-1[T] and Chengkuizengella sediminis J15A17[T] with 97.1 and 96.6% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities, respectively. The average nucleotide identity and digital DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain 2205SS18-9[T] and Chengkuizengella marina YPA3-1-1[T] were 79.0 and 21.6%, respectively. The genomic DNA G + C content was 34.1%. The genome harbors a number of host-adhesion and transporter genes, suggested that strain 2205SS18-9[T] may interact with its sponge host as a symbiont. Menaquinone-7 was the sole isoprenoid quinone and antieiso-C15:0 (28.5%), iso-C16:0 (25.8%), C16:1 ω7c alcohol (15.0%), and iso-C15:0 (11.2%) were detected as the major fatty acids. Polar lipids included diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, two unidentified aminophospholipids, and an unidentified lipid. The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained lysine, alanine, glutamate, and aspartate. Based on these analyses, strain 2205SS18-9[T] represents a novel species of the genus Chengkuizengella, for which the name Chengkuizengella axinellae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 2205SS18-9[T] (= KACC 23238[T] = LMG 33063[T]).},
}
@article {pmid39059954,
year = {2024},
author = {Kang, J and Li, R and Hu, Y and Huang, X and Chen, XX and Han, BZ},
title = {Microbial interactions in mixed-species biofilms on the surfaces of Baijiu brewing environments.},
journal = {Food research international (Ottawa, Ont.)},
volume = {191},
number = {},
pages = {114698},
doi = {10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114698},
pmid = {39059954},
issn = {1873-7145},
abstract = {Environmental microorganisms commonly inhabit dense multispecies biofilms, fostering mutualistic relationships and co-evolution. However, the mechanisms underlying biofilm formation and microbial interactions within the Baijiu fermentation microecosystem remain poorly understood. Hence, the objective of this study was to investigate the composition, structure, and interactions of microorganisms residing in biofilms on environmental surfaces in Baijiu production. The results revealed a shift in the bacteria-fungi interaction network following fermentation, transitioning from a cooperative/symbiotic relationship to a competitive/antagonistic dynamic. Core microbiota within the biofilms comprised lactic acid bacteria (LAB), yeast, and filamentous fungi. From the environmental surface samples, we isolated two strains of LAB (Lactiplantibacillus pentosus EB27 and Pediococcus pentosaceus EB35) and one strain of yeast (Pichia kudriavzevii EF8), all displaying remarkable biofilm formation and fermentation potential. Co-culturing LAB and yeast demonstrated a superior capacity for dual-species biofilm formation compared to mono-species biofilms. The dual-species biofilm displayed a two-layer structure, with LAB in the lower layer and serving as the foundation for the yeast community in the upper layer. The upper layer exhibited a dense distribution of yeast, enhancing aerobic respiration. Metabolic activities in the dual-species biofilm, such as ABC transporter, oxidative phosphorylation, citric acid cycle, sulfur metabolism, glycine, serine, threonine metabolism, lysine degradation, and cysteine and methionine metabolism, showed significant alterations compared to LAB mono-species biofilms. Moreover, bacterial chemotaxis, starch, and sucrose metabolism in the dual-species biofilm exhibited distinct patterns from those observed in the yeast mono-species biofilm. This study demonstrated that a core microbiota with fermentation potential may exist in the form of a biofilm on the surface of a Baijiu brewing environment. These findings provide a novel strategy for employing synthetic stable microbiotas in the intelligent brewing of Baijiu.},
}
@article {pmid39059843,
year = {2024},
author = {Li, J and Li, T and Sun, D and Guan, Y and Zhang, Z},
title = {Treatment of agricultural wastewater using microalgae: A review.},
journal = {Advances in applied microbiology},
volume = {128},
number = {},
pages = {41-82},
doi = {10.1016/bs.aambs.2024.05.004},
pmid = {39059843},
issn = {0065-2164},
abstract = {The rapid development of agriculture has led to a large amount of wastewater, which poses a great threat to environmental safety. Microalgae, with diverse species, nutritional modes and cellular status, can adapt well in agricultural wastewater and absorb nutrients and remove pollutants effectively. Besides, after treatment of agricultural wastewater, the accumulated biomass of microalgae has broad applications, such as fertilizer and animal feed. This paper reviewed the current progresses and further perspectives of microalgae-based agricultural wastewater treatment. The characteristics of agricultural wastewater have been firstly introduced; Then the microalgal strains, cultivation modes, cellular status, contaminant metabolism, cultivation systems and biomass applications of microalgae for wastewater treatment have been summarized; At last, the bottlenecks in the development of the microalgae treatment methods, as well as recommendations for optimizing the adaptability of microalgae to wastewater in terms of wastewater pretreatment, microalgae breeding, and microalgae-bacterial symbiosis systems were discussed. This review would provide references for the future developments of microalgae-based agricultural wastewater treatment.},
}
@article {pmid39059572,
year = {2024},
author = {Liu, Y and Yin, S and Lu, G and Du, Y},
title = {The Intersection of the Nervous System and Breast Cancer.},
journal = {Cancer letters},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {217132},
doi = {10.1016/j.canlet.2024.217132},
pmid = {39059572},
issn = {1872-7980},
abstract = {Breast cancer (BC) represents a paradigm of heterogeneity, manifesting as a spectrum of molecular subtypes with divergent clinical trajectories. It is fundamentally characterized by the aberrant proliferation of malignant cells within breast tissue, a process modulated by a myriad of factors that govern its progression. Recent endeavors outline the interplay between BC and the nervous system, illuminate the complex symbiosis between neural structures and neoplastic cells, and elucidate nerve dependence as a cornerstone of BC progression. This includes the neural modulations on immune response, neurovascular formation, and multisystem interactions. Such insights have unveiled the critical impact of neural elements on tumor dynamics and patient prognosis. This revelation beckons a deeper exploration into the neuro-oncological interface, potentially unlocking novel therapeutic vistas. This review endeavors to delineate the intricate mechanisms between the nervous system and BC, aiming to accentuate the implications and therapeutic strategies of this intersection for tumor evolution and the formulation of innovative therapeutic approaches.},
}
@article {pmid39058385,
year = {2024},
author = {Bientz, V and Lanois, A and Ginibre, N and Pagès, S and Ogier, JC and George, S and Rialle, S and Brillard, J},
title = {OxyR is required for oxidative stress resistance of the entomopathogenic bacterium Xenorhabdus nematophila and has a minor role during the bacterial interaction with its hosts.},
journal = {Microbiology (Reading, England)},
volume = {170},
number = {7},
pages = {},
pmid = {39058385},
issn = {1465-2080},
mesh = {*Xenorhabdus/genetics/metabolism/physiology ; *Oxidative Stress ; Animals ; *Bacterial Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial ; *Symbiosis ; Rhabditida/microbiology/genetics/physiology ; Larva/microbiology ; Virulence ; Regulon ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Mutation ; },
abstract = {Xenorhabdus nematophila is a Gram-negative bacterium, mutualistically associated with the soil nematode Steinernema carpocapsae, and this nemato-bacterial complex is parasitic for a broad spectrum of insects. The transcriptional regulator OxyR is widely conserved in bacteria and activates the transcription of a set of genes that influence cellular defence against oxidative stress. It is also involved in the virulence of several bacterial pathogens. The aim of this study was to identify the X. nematophila OxyR regulon and investigate its role in the bacterial life cycle. An oxyR mutant was constructed in X. nematophila and phenotypically characterized in vitro and in vivo after reassociation with its nematode partner. OxyR plays a major role during the X. nematophila resistance to oxidative stress in vitro. Transcriptome analysis allowed the identification of 59 genes differentially regulated in the oxyR mutant compared to the parental strain. In vivo, the oxyR mutant was able to reassociate with the nematode as efficiently as the control strain. These nemato-bacterial complexes harbouring the oxyR mutant symbiont were able to rapidly kill the insect larvae in less than 48 h after infestation, suggesting that factors other than OxyR could also allow X. nematophila to cope with oxidative stress encountered during this phase of infection in insect. The significantly increased number of offspring of the nemato-bacterial complex when reassociated with the X. nematophila oxyR mutant compared to the control strain revealed a potential role of OxyR during this symbiotic stage of the bacterial life cycle.},
}
@article {pmid39058040,
year = {2024},
author = {Lu, Y and Ren, H and Li, Z and Leng, H and Li, A and Dai, W and Huang, L and Feng, J and Sun, K},
title = {Microbiota diversity and anti-Pseudogymnoascus destructans bacteria isolated from Myotis pilosus skin during late hibernation.},
journal = {Applied and environmental microbiology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e0069324},
doi = {10.1128/aem.00693-24},
pmid = {39058040},
issn = {1098-5336},
abstract = {Symbiotic microorganisms that reside on the host skin serve as the primary defense against pathogens in vertebrates. Specifically, the skin microbiome of bats may play a crucial role in providing resistance against Pseudogymnoascus destructans (Pd), the pathogen causing white-nose syndrome. However, the epidermis symbiotic microbiome and its specific role in resisting Pd in highly resistant bats in Asia are still not well understood. In this study, we collected and characterized skin microbiota samples of 19 Myotis pilosus in China and explored the differences between Pd-positive and negative individuals. We identified inhibitory effects of these bacteria through cultivation methods. Our results revealed that the Simpson diversity index of the skin microbiota for positive individuals was significantly lower than that of negative individuals, and the relative abundance of Pseudomonas was significantly higher in positive bats. Regardless of whether individuals were positive or negative for Pd, the relative abundance of potentially antifungal genera in skin microbiota was high. Moreover, we successfully isolated 165 microbes from bat skin and 41 isolates from positive individuals able to inhibit Pd growth compared to only 12 isolates from negative individuals. A total of 10 genera of Pd-inhibiting bacteria were screened, among which the genera Algoriella, Glutamicibacter, and Psychrobacter were newly discovered as Pd-inhibiting genera. These Pd-inhibiting bacteria metabolized a variety of volatile compounds, including dimethyl trisulfide, dimethyl disulfide, propylene sulfide, 2-undecanone, and 2-nonanone, which were able to completely inhibit Pd growth at low concentrations.IMPORTANCERecently, white-nose syndrome has caused the deaths of millions of hibernating bats, even threatening some with regional extinction. Bats in China with high resistance to Pseudogymnoascus destructans can provide a powerful reference for studying the management of white-nose syndrome and understanding the bats against the pathogen's intrinsic mechanisms. This study sheds light on the crucial role of host symbiotic skin microorganisms in resistance to pathogenic fungi and highlights the potential for harnessing natural defense mechanisms for the prevention and treatment of white-nose syndrome. In addition, this may also provide promising candidates for the development of bioinsecticides and fungicides that offer new avenues for addressing fungal diseases in wildlife and agricultural environments.},
}
@article {pmid39058017,
year = {2024},
author = {Kim, D and Nguyen, TTM and Moon, Y and Kim, JM and Nam, H and Cha, DS and An, YJ and de Guzman, ACV and Park, S},
title = {Time-Resolved Evaluation of L-Dopa Metabolism in Bacteria-Host Symbiotic System and the Effect on Parkinson's Molecular Pathology.},
journal = {Small methods},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e2400469},
doi = {10.1002/smtd.202400469},
pmid = {39058017},
issn = {2366-9608},
support = {2018R1A3B1052328//Basic Science Research Program/ ; //Ministry of Science, Information and Communication Technology/ ; //National Research Foundation of Korea/ ; 2020R1A6A3A01099440//Ministry of Education/ ; },
abstract = {The gut microbiome influences drug metabolism and therapeutic efficacy. Still, the lack of a general label-free approach for monitoring bacterial or host metabolic contribution hampers deeper insights. Here, a 2D nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) approach is introduced that enables real-time monitoring of the metabolism of Levodopa (L-dopa), an anti-Parkinson drug, in both live bacteria and bacteria-host (Caenorhabditis elegans) symbiotic systems. The quantitative method reveals that discrete Enterococcus faecalis substrains produce different amounts of dopamine in live hosts, even though they are a single species and all have the Tyrosine decarboxylase (TyrDC) gene involved in L-dopa metabolism. The differential bacterial metabolic activity correlates with differing Parkinson's molecular pathology concerning alpha-synuclein aggregation as well as behavioral phenotypes. The gene's existence or expression is not an indicator of metabolic activity is also shown, underscoring the significance of quantitative metabolic estimation in vivo. This simple approach is widely adaptable to any chemical drug to elucidate pharmacomicrobiomic relationships and may help rapidly screen bacterial metabolic effects in drug development.},
}
@article {pmid39057349,
year = {2024},
author = {Zvonarev, A and Terentyev, V and Zhelifonova, V and Antipova, T and Baskunov, B and Avtukh, A and Abashina, T and Kachalkin, A and Vainshtein, M and Kudryavtseva, A},
title = {Phytotoxic Strains of Fusarium commune Isolated from Truffles.},
journal = {Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {10},
number = {7},
pages = {},
pmid = {39057349},
issn = {2309-608X},
abstract = {Most Fusarium species are known as endophytes and/or phytopathogens of higher plants and have a worldwide distribution. Recently, information discovered with molecular tools has been also published about the presence of these fungi in the microbiome of truffle fruiting bodies. In the present work, we isolated and identified three Fusarium strains from truffle fruiting bodies. All isolates were assigned to the same species, F. commune, and the strains were deposited in the All-Russian Collection of Microorganisms under accession numbers VKM F-5020, VKM F-5021, and VKM F-5022. To check the possible effects of the isolated strains on the plants, the isolates were used to infect sterile seedlings of Sarepta mustard (Brassica juncea L.). This model infection led to a moderate suppression of the photosynthetic apparatus activity and plant growth. Here, we present characteristics of the F. commune isolates: description of the conidial morphology, pigmentation, and composition of the mycelium fatty acids. Overall, this is the first description of the Fusarium cultures isolated from truffle fruiting bodies. Possible symbiosis of the F. commune strains with truffles and their involvement in the cooperative fatty acid production are proposed.},
}
@article {pmid39057343,
year = {2024},
author = {Luo, X and Jiang, J and Zhou, J and Chen, J and Cheng, B and Li, X},
title = {MyC Factor Analogue CO5 Promotes the Growth of Lotus japonicus and Enhances Stress Resistance by Activating the Expression of Relevant Genes.},
journal = {Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {10},
number = {7},
pages = {},
pmid = {39057343},
issn = {2309-608X},
abstract = {The symbiotic relationship between arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and plants is well known for its benefits in enhancing plant growth and stress resistance. Research on whether key components of the AMF colonization process, such as MyC factors, can be directly utilized to activate plant symbiotic pathways and key functional gene expression is still lacking. In this paper, we found that, using a hydroponics system with Lotus japonicus, MyC factor analogue chitin oligomer 5 (CO5) had a more pronounced growth-promoting effect compared to symbiosis with AMF at the optimal concentration. Additionally, CO5 significantly enhanced the resistance of Lotus japonicus to various environmental stresses. The addition of CO5 activated symbiosis, nutrient absorption, and stress-related signaling pathways, like AMF symbiosis, and CO5 also activated a higher and more extensive gene expression profile compared to AMF colonization. Overall, the study demonstrated that the addition of MyC factor analogue CO5, by activating relevant pathways, had a superior effect on promoting plant growth and enhancing stress resistance compared to colonization by AMF. These findings suggest that utilizing MyC factor analogues like CO5 could be a promising alternative to traditional AMF colonization methods in enhancing plant growth and stress tolerance in agriculture.},
}
@article {pmid39057336,
year = {2024},
author = {Corazon-Guivin, MA and Rengifo Del Aguila, S and Corrêa, RX and Cordova-Sinarahua, D and Costa Maia, L and Alves da Silva, DK and Alves da Silva, G and López-García, &#xc1; and Coyne, D and Oehl, F},
title = {Native Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Promote Plukenetia volubilis Growth and Decrease the Infection Levels of Meloidogyne incognita.},
journal = {Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {10},
number = {7},
pages = {},
pmid = {39057336},
issn = {2309-608X},
support = {SUBVENTION AGREEMENT N&#xb0; 163-2020-FONDECYT//Consejo Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnolog&#xed;a e Innovaci&#xf3;n Tecnol&#xf3;gica/ ; ref. RYC2022-038499-I//Programa Ram&#xf3;n y Cajal/ ; },
abstract = {The use of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) offers promising benefits to agriculture in the Amazon regions, where soils are characteristically acidic and nutrient-poor. The purpose of this research was to investigate the potential effects of two recently described species of AMF (Nanoglomus plukenetiae and Rhizoglomus variabile) native to the Peruvian Amazon for improving the plant growth of Plukenetia volubilis (inka nut or sacha inchi) and protecting the roots against soil pathogens. Two assays were simultaneously conducted under greenhouse conditions in Peru. The first focused on evaluating the biofertilizer effect of AMF inoculation, while the second examined the bioprotective effect against the root knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita. Overall, the results showed that AMF inoculation of P. volubilis seedlings positively improved their development, particularly their biomass, height, and the leaf nutrient contents. When seedlings were exposed to M. incognita, plant growth was also noticeably higher for AMF-inoculated plants than those without AMF inoculation. Nematode reproduction was significantly suppressed by the presence of AMF, in particular R. variabile, and especially when inoculated prior to nematode exposure. The dual AMF inoculation did not necessarily lead to improved crop growth but notably improved P and K leaf contents. The findings provide strong justification for the development of products based on AMF as agro-inputs to catalyze nutrient use and uptake and protect crops against pests and diseases, especially those that are locally adapted to local crops and cropping conditions.},
}
@article {pmid39057246,
year = {2024},
author = {Chantab, K and Rao, Z and Zheng, X and Han, R and Cao, L},
title = {Ascarosides and Symbiotic Bacteria of Entomopathogenic Nematodes Regulate Host Immune Response in Galleria mellonella Larvae.},
journal = {Insects},
volume = {15},
number = {7},
pages = {},
pmid = {39057246},
issn = {2075-4450},
support = {2022A0505050051//Guangdong Provincial Science and Technol Project/ ; 2022GDASZH-2022010101//GDAS Special Project of Science and Technology Development/ ; 202206010120//Guangzhou Science and Technology Project/ ; },
abstract = {Insects protect themselves through their immune systems. Entomopathogenic nematodes and their bacterial symbionts are widely used for the biocontrol of economically important pests. Ascarosides are pheromones that regulate nematode behaviors, such as aggregation, avoidance, mating, dispersal, and dauer recovery and formation. However, whether ascarosides influence the immune response of insects remains unexplored. In this study, we co-injected ascarosides and symbiotic Photorhabdus luminescens subsp. kayaii H06 bacteria derived from Heterorhabditis bacteriophora H06 into the last instar larvae of Galleria mellonella. We recorded larval mortality and analyzed the expressions of AMPs, ROS/RNS, and LPSs. Our results revealed a process in which ascarosides, acting as enhancers of the symbiotic bacteria, co-induced G. mellonella immunity by significantly increasing oxidative stress responses and secreting AMPs (gallerimycin, gloverin, and cecropin). This led to a reduction in color intensity and the symbiotic bacteria load, ultimately resulting in delayed host mortality compared to either ascarosides or symbiotic bacteria. These findings demonstrate the cross-kingdom regulation of insects and symbiotic bacteria by nematode pheromones. Furthermore, our results suggest that G. mellonella larvae may employ nematode pheromones secreted by IJs to modulate insect immunity during early infection, particularly in the presence of symbiotic bacteria, for enhancing resistance to invasive bacteria in the hemolymph.},
}
@article {pmid39056706,
year = {2024},
author = {Lazurska, V and Brygadyrenko, V},
title = {Effects of Organic Xenobiotics on Tenebrio molitor Larvae and Their Parasite Gregarina polymorpha.},
journal = {Biology},
volume = {13},
number = {7},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/biology13070513},
pmid = {39056706},
issn = {2079-7737},
abstract = {Environmental contamination with xenobiotics affects organisms and the symbiotic relations between them. A convenient object to study relationships between parasites and their hosts is the host-parasite system "Tenebrio molitor Linnaeus, 1758 (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae)-Gregarina polymorpha (Hammerschmidt, 1838) Stein, 1848 (Eugregarinorida, Gregarinidae)". For this experiment, we took 390 T. molitor larvae and 24 organic compounds. Groups of mealworms, 15 in each, were subjected to those compounds for 10 days. Then, we recorded the vitality of both the larvae of T. molitor and G. polymorpha. To assess how G. polymorpha had affected the hosts' wellbeing, we looked for changes in the larvae's body mass and compared them to the number of gregarines in their intestines. The vitality of the larvae was inhibited by cyclopentanol and 2-naphthol. The intensity of gregarine invasion was reduced by diphenyl ether, benzyl alcohol, catechol, and 3-aminobenzoic acid. No effect on the number of gregarines was produced by 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid, cyclohexanemethanol, phenol, benzalkonium chloride, maleic anhydride, cyclohexanol, resorcin, benzoic acid, 2-methylfuran, terpinen-4-ol, 1-phenylethylamine, dibutyl phthalate, 3-furancarboxylic acid, 5-methyl furfural, 6-aminohexanoic acid, succinic anhydride, o-xylene, and benzaldehyde. In the infected T. molitor individuals, the mean number of G. polymorpha equaled 45 specimens per host. The groups of smaller mealworms had fewer gregarines. Positive correlation was seen between growth rates of T. molitor larvae and the intensity of invasion by gregarines.},
}
@article {pmid39056472,
year = {2024},
author = {Ardaillon, H and Ribault, S and Herault, C and Pisella, L and Lechopier, N and Reilly, KT and Rode, G},
title = {Striking the Balance: Embracing Technology While Upholding Humanistic Principles in Neurorehabilitation.},
journal = {Neurorehabilitation and neural repair},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {15459683241265887},
doi = {10.1177/15459683241265887},
pmid = {39056472},
issn = {1552-6844},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The rapid advancement of technology-focused strategies in neurorehabilitation has brought optimism to individuals with neurological disorders, caregivers, and physicians while reshaping medical practice and training.<br><br>OBJECTIVES: We critically examine the implications of technology in neurorehabilitation, drawing on discussions from the 2021 and 2024 World Congress for NeuroRehabilitation. While acknowledging the value of technology, it highlights inherent limitations and ethical concerns, particularly regarding the potential overshadowing of humanistic approaches. The integration of technologies such as robotics, artificial intelligence, neuromodulation, and brain-computer interfaces enriches neurorehabilitation by offering interdisciplinary solutions. However, ethical considerations arise regarding the balance between compensation for deficits, accessibility of technologies, and their alignment with fundamental principles of care. Additionally, the pitfalls of relying solely on neuroimaging data are discussed, stressing the necessity for a more comprehensive understanding of individual variability and clinical skills in rehabilitation.<br><br>RESULTS: From a clinical perspective, the article advocates for realistic solutions that prioritize individual needs, quality of life, and social inclusion over technological allure. It underscores the importance of modesty and honesty in responding to expectations while emphasizing the uniqueness of each individual's experience. Moreover, it argues for the preservation of human-centric approaches alongside technological advancements, recognizing the invaluable role of clinical observation and human interaction in rehabilitation.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Ultimately, the article calls for a balanced attitude that integrates both scientific and humanistic perspectives in neurorehabilitation. It highlights the symbiotic relationship between the sciences and humanities, advocating for philosophical questioning to guide the ethical implementation of new technologies and foster interdisciplinary dialogue.},
}
@article {pmid39056012,
year = {2024},
author = {Wang, M and Gao, C and Xu, Q and Fu, N and Li, J and Ren, L and Luo, Y},
title = {Different genotypes and species of symbiotic fungi mediate the behavioral response of invasive Sirex noctilio fabricius (Hymenoptera: Siricidae).},
journal = {Frontiers in microbiology},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1341646},
pmid = {39056012},
issn = {1664-302X},
abstract = {In northeast China, the invasive woodwasp., Sirex noctilio, attacks Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica Litv and often shares habitat with native Sirex nitobei. Previous research showed that S. noctilio can utilize the volatiles from its symbiotic fungus (A. areolatum IGS-BD) to locate host trees. Consequently, symbiotic fungi (A. areolatum IGS-D and A. chailletii) carried by S. nitobei may influence the behavioral selection of S. noctilio. This study aimed to investigate the impact of fungal odor sources on S. noctilio's behavior in laboratory and field experiments. Our observations revealed that female woodwasps exhibited greater attraction toward the fungal volatiles of 14-day-old Amylostereum IGS-D in a "Y"-tube olfactometer and wind tunnel. When woodwasps were released into bolts inoculated separately with three strains in the field, females of S. noctilio exhibited a preference for those bolts pre-inoculated with A. areolatum IGS-BD. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis revealed that the volatiles emitted by the two genotypes of A. areolatum were similar yet significantly distinct from those of Ampelopsis chailletii. Hence, we postulate that the existence of native A. areolatum IGS-D could potentially facilitate the colonization of S. noctilio in scenarios with minimal or no A. areolatum IGS-BD present in the host.},
}
@article {pmid39056010,
year = {2024},
author = {Kumari, P and Bhatia, M and Giri, P and Uniyal, PL},
title = {Mycorrhizal association and its relation with pteridophytes.},
journal = {Frontiers in microbiology},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1406891},
pmid = {39056010},
issn = {1664-302X},
abstract = {Mycorrhizal association is one of the earliest and diversely distributed symbiotic associations on the Earth. This association helped early terrestrial plants to colonize the land by improved supply of nutrients like phosphate, nitrogen and zinc. It also helped plants to tolerate unfavorable soil conditions with increased water retention capacity, resistance to drought and pathogens. In return, fungi benefitted with carbon as their food source from the plants. More than 80% of terrestrial plants including pteridophytes, gymnosperms and angiosperms are reported to form arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) association. Plants with root systems appeared on land during the Devonian period and many of them like pteridophytes still exist today. Various molecular and fossil studies confirm that the plants belonging to Ordovician-Devonian are associated with fungi, which are very similar to genus Glomus. AM association is very common in pteridophytes and the growth of its sporophyte and gametophyte is directly affected in the presence of AM association. Pteridophytes as early land plants with root systems have a very significant place in the plant kingdom. They have evolved and adapted to fill various habitats and facilitated early terrestrialization of other land plants by providing suitable niche with the help of AM fungi. In spite of pteridophytes being a very important plant group in the land system, very few reports are available on fungal-pteridophyte association. The present review is an effort to gather information about AM association in pteridophytes that might help in unraveling the evolution and significance of plant and fungi association.},
}
@article {pmid39055759,
year = {2024},
author = {Paico-Ruiz, AA and Chávez, CAV and Chaupe, NNS and Cortegano, CAA},
title = {Effects of peptides and probiotics supplementation via diet on blood parameters and growth performance of Piaractus brachypomus during the growth-out phase.},
journal = {Open veterinary journal},
volume = {14},
number = {6},
pages = {1384-1393},
doi = {10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i6.6},
pmid = {39055759},
issn = {2218-6050},
mesh = {Animals ; *Probiotics/administration &amp; dosage/pharmacology ; *Animal Feed/analysis ; *Dietary Supplements ; *Diet/veterinary ; *Peptides/administration &amp; dosage ; Random Allocation ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: There is no evidence of peptides-probiotics symbiosis as supplements in aquafeeds.<br><br>AIM: To evaluate the effect of peptides and probiotics supplementation via diet on blood parameters and growth performance of juvenile Piaractus brachypomus, an Amazonian fish, during the growth-out phase.<br><br>METHODS: 120 juvenile P. brachypomus (242.77 g) were placed into twelve 200-l tanks (10 fish/tank), housed in an indoor open system with constant water renovation (flow rate:1.50 l/minute). The experiment used a completely randomized design with a 4 &#xd7; 5 factorial arrangement [4 doses of supplementation (CD: commercial diet; PepD: CD+1.50% of peptides per CD weight; ProD: CD+40.00 ml of activated probiotics per kg of diet (Lactobacillus spp., Rhodopseudomonas spp., Saccharomycetes spp.); PepProD: CD+Pep+Pro); 5 sampling times (zero, second, fourth, sixth, and eighth week); n = 3]. Fish were fed twice a day at a feeding rate of 1% of body weight. At each sampling time, blood was collected and fish were measured for growth performance analysis. Data were analyzed by using two-way ANOVA and Tukey's test (p < 0.05).<br><br>RESULTS: The values of hematocrit (18.31%), leukocytes (1,216.67 mm[3]), neutrophils (81.27%), lymphocytes (18.73%), albumin (1.08 g/dl), relative growth rate (1.002%/day), and the Fulton allometric condition factor (2.03) remained constant throughout the experiment (p > 0.05). Plasma glucose decreased for all fish in the second week (59.56 mg/dl); then, that level increased in fish fed with the CD (89.00 mg/dl), while fish fed with PepD, ProD, and PepProD showed constant values (57.22 mg/dl). The plasma protein levels were constant in fish fed with the PepD and PepProD, (p > 0.05), while fish fed with the CD and ProD showed non-constant and higher values. At the end of the trial, fish fed with the PepProD showed the highest weight gain and the lowest feed conversion rate (39.66 g; 0.97).<br><br>CONCLUSION: It is possible to maintain the stability of plasma glucose and plasma protein by supplementing diets with peptides, but the peptides-probiotics symbiosis administrated via diet contributes to maintaining the stability of plasma glucose and plasma protein and to improve the growth performance of juvenile P. brachypomus during the growth-out phase.},
}
@article {pmid39054882,
year = {2024},
author = {Tang, B and Man, J and Romero, F and Bergmann, J and Lehmann, A and Rillig, MC},
title = {Mycorrhization enhances plant growth and stabilizes biomass allocation under drought.},
journal = {Global change biology},
volume = {30},
number = {7},
pages = {e17438},
doi = {10.1111/gcb.17438},
pmid = {39054882},
issn = {1365-2486},
support = {031B1266//European Joint Programme-Soils project 'Symbiotic Solutions for Healthy Agricultural Landscapes (SOIL-HEAL)', national support for which came from the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research/ ; },
mesh = {*Droughts ; *Mycorrhizae/physiology ; *Biomass ; *Symbiosis ; *Plant Development ; Plant Roots/growth &amp; development/microbiology/metabolism ; Climate Change ; Photosynthesis ; Water/metabolism ; },
abstract = {Plants and their symbionts, such as arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, are increasingly subjected to various environmental stressors due to climate change, including drought. As a response to drought, plants generally allocate more biomass to roots over shoots, thereby facilitating water uptake. However, whether this biomass allocation shift is modulated by AM fungi remains unknown. Based on 5691 paired observations from 154 plant species, we conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate how AM fungi modulate the responses of plant growth and biomass allocation (e.g., root-to-shoot ratio, R/S) to drought. We found that AM fungi attenuate the negative impact of drought on plant growth, including biomass production, photosynthetic performance and resource (e.g. nutrient and water) uptake. Accordingly, drought significantly increased R/S in non-inoculated plants, but not in plants symbiotic with established AM fungal symbioses. These results suggest that AM fungi promote plant growth and stabilize their R/S through facilitating nutrient and water uptake in plants under drought. Our findings highlight the crucial role of AM fungi in enhancing plant resilience to drought by optimizing resource allocation. This knowledge opens avenues for sustainable agricultural practices that leverage symbiotic relationships for climate adaptation.},
}
@article {pmid39054868,
year = {2024},
author = {Sorwar, E and Oliveira, JIN and Malar C, M and Krüger, M and Corradi, N},
title = {Assembly and comparative analyses of the Geosiphon pyriformis metagenome.},
journal = {Environmental microbiology},
volume = {26},
number = {7},
pages = {e16681},
doi = {10.1111/1462-2920.16681},
pmid = {39054868},
issn = {1462-2920},
support = {RGPIN2020-05643//Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council/ ; RGPAS-2020-00033//Discovery Accelerator Supplements Program/ ; IT16902//Mitacs Accelerate Program/ ; },
mesh = {*Symbiosis ; *Metagenome ; Phylogeny ; Cyanobacteria/genetics/classification/metabolism ; Nostoc/genetics/metabolism ; Metagenomics ; Genome, Fungal ; Genome, Bacterial ; },
abstract = {Geosiphon pyriformis, a representative of the fungal sub-phylum Glomeromycotina, is unique in its endosymbiosis with cyanobacteria within a fungal cell. This symbiotic relationship occurs in bladders containing nuclei of G. pyriformis, Mollicutes-like bacterial endosymbionts (MRE), and photosynthetically active and dividing cells of Nostoc punctiforme. Recent genome analyses have shed light on the biology of G. pyriformis, but the genome content and biology of its endosymbionts remain unexplored. To fill this gap, we gathered and examined metagenomic data from the bladders of G. pyriformis, where N. punctiforme and MRE are located. This ensures that our analyses are focused on the organs directly involved in the symbiosis. By comparing this data with the genetic information of related cyanobacteria and MREs from other species of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi, we aimed to reveal the genetic content of these organisms and understand how they interact at a genetic level to establish a symbiotic relationship. Our analyses uncovered significant gene expansions in the Nostoc endosymbiont, particularly in mobile elements and genes potentially involved in xenobiotic degradation. We also confirmed that the MRE of Glomeromycotina are monophyletic and possess a highly streamlined genome. These genomes show dramatic differences in both structure and content, including the presence of enzymes involved in environmental sensing and stress response.},
}
@article {pmid39054168,
year = {2024},
author = {Duron, O},
title = {Nutritional symbiosis in ticks: singularities of the genus Ixodes: (Trends in Parasitology, Published online June 27, 2024).},
journal = {Trends in parasitology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.pt.2024.07.001},
pmid = {39054168},
issn = {1471-5007},
}
@article {pmid39053599,
year = {2024},
author = {Li, P and Luo, Y and Tian, J and Cheng, Y and Wang, S and An, X and Zheng, J and Yan, H and Duan, H and Zhang, J and Pan, Z and Chen, Y and Wang, R and Zhou, H and Wang, Z and Tan, Z and Li, X},
title = {Outdoor tubular photobioreactor microalgae-microorganisms biofilm treatment of municipal wastewater: Enhanced heterotrophic assimilation and synergistic aerobic denitrogenation.},
journal = {Bioresource technology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {131151},
doi = {10.1016/j.biortech.2024.131151},
pmid = {39053599},
issn = {1873-2976},
abstract = {This research evaluated a microalgae consortium (MC) in a pilot-scale tubular photobioreactor for municipal wastewater (MWW) treatment, compared with an aeration column photobioreactor. Transitioning from suspended MC to a microalgae-microbial biofilm (MMBF) maintained treatment performance despite increasing influent from 50 L to 150 L in a 260 L system. Carbon and nitrogen removal were effective, but phosphorus removal varied due to biofilm shading and the absence of phosphorus-accumulating organisms. High influent flow caused MMBF detachment due to shear stress. Stabilizing and re-establishing the MMBF showed that a stable phycosphere influenced microbial diversity and interactions, potentially destabilizing the MMBF. Heterotrophic nitrification-aerobic denitrification bacteria were crucial for MC equilibrium. Elevated gene expression related to nitrogen fixation, organic nitrogen metabolism, and nitrate reduction confirmed strong microalgal symbiosis, highlighting MMBF's treatment potential. This study supports the practical application of microalgae in wastewater treatment.},
}
@article {pmid39053471,
year = {2024},
author = {Tu, T and Gao, Z and Li, L and Chen, J and Ye, K and Xu, T and Mai, S and Han, Q and Chen, C and Wu, S and Dong, Y and Chen, J and Huang, L and Guan, Y and Xie, F and Chen, X},
title = {Soybean symbiotic-nodule zonation and cell differentiation are defined by NIN2 signaling and GH3-dependent auxin homeostasis.},
journal = {Developmental cell},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.devcel.2024.07.001},
pmid = {39053471},
issn = {1878-1551},
abstract = {Symbiotic nodules comprise two classes, indeterminate and determinate, defined by the presence/absence of apical meristem and developmental zonation. Why meristem and zonation are absent from determinate nodules remains unclear. Here, we define cell types in developing soybean nodules, highlighting the undifferentiated infection zones and differentiated nitrogen-fixation zones. Auxin governs infection zone maintenance. GRETCHEN HAGEN 3 (GH3) enzymes deactivate auxin by conjugation and promote cell differentiation. gh3 mutants increased undifferentiated cells and enlarged infection zones. The central symbiosis-transcription factor NIN2a activates GH3.1 to reduce auxin levels and facilitates cell differentiation. High auxin promotes NIN2a protein accumulation and enhances signaling, further deactivating auxin and depleting infection zones. Our findings shed light on the NIN2a-GH3-auxin module that drives soybean nodule cell differentiation. This study challenges our understanding of determinate nodule development and proposes that the regulation of nodule zonation offers valuable insights into broader mechanisms of cell differentiation across plant species.},
}
@article {pmid39051869,
year = {2024},
author = {Agrawal, A and Barik, TK and Patel, AK},
title = {Characterization of Leclercia adecarboxylata isolated from field collected Anopheles subpictus, Berhampur, Odisha.},
journal = {Journal of vector borne diseases},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.4103/JVBD.JVBD_22_24},
pmid = {39051869},
issn = {0972-9062},
abstract = {BACKGROUND OBJECTIVES: Malaria, a vector-borne diseases caused by Plasmodium species and transmitted by Anopheles species. Among them, Anopheles subpictus has emerged as a potent malarial vector in coastal areas of India. Numerous studies highlighted that bacterial communities within mosquito influence vector competence. The present study was designed to isolate and characterize bacterial microbiota from A. subpictus larvae.<br><br>METHODS: Isolation and purification of the predominant bacterial strain (AL1). Morphological, biochemical, antibiotic susceptibility and molecular characterization of the isolated bacteria.<br><br>RESULTS: Bacterial isolate (AL1) was found to be rod, gram negative, catalase positive and oxidase negative. AL1 was identified as Leclercia adecarboxylata (Accession number: OR649235) through 16S rRNA ribotyping. Further, leaf extract of Nyctanthes arbortristis showed inhibitory effect against AL1.<br><br>INTERPRETATION CONCLUSION: This is the first report on isolation of symbiotic bacteria (L. adecarboxylata) from A. subpictus and its control by leaf extract of Nyctanthes arbortristis. Isolated gram-negative bacterial strain might inhibit the development of mosquito vector and might use for various biological control strategies to combat malaria transmission.},
}
@article {pmid39051586,
year = {2024},
author = {Tursi, A and Mocci, G and Usai Satta, P and Elisei, W},
title = {Impact of a Symbiotic Mixture on Moderate-to-severe Diverticular Disease of the Colon.},
journal = {Reviews on recent clinical trials},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.2174/0115748871308652240712101604},
pmid = {39051586},
issn = {1876-1038},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Microbial imbalance is thought to play a role in the pathogenesis of Diverticular Disease (DD).<br><br>OBJECTIVE: We aimed to assess the efficacy of a symbiotic mixture (Prolactis GG Plus&#xae;) in the treatment of moderate to severe DD, scored according to the Diverticular Inflammation and Complication Assessment (DICA) classification.<br><br>METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted enrolling the following patients: at the first diagnosis of DD; in whom DD was diagnosed with colonoscopy and scored according to DICA classification; treated with Prolactis GG Plus&#xae; two times/daily for 2 consecutive months; in whom the severity of the abdominal pain was scored with a 10-points visual-analogue scale (VAS) at baseline and the end of follow-up; in whom fecal calprotectin (FC) was assessed at baseline and the end of follow-up as &#x3bc;g/g.<br><br>RESULTS: Twenty-four patients were identified (10 males, 14 females; 16 as DICA 2, and 8 as DICA 3). Prolactis GG Plus&#xae; decreased the severity of abdominal pain both in DICA 2 (p =0.02) and DICA 3 patients (p =0.01), while FC decreased significantly in DICA 2 (p <0.02) but not in DICA 3 (p =0.123) patients. Acute diverticulitis occurred during the follow-up in two DICA 3 patients but none DICA 2 patients. Add-on therapy was required by eight DICA 2 (50%) and six DICA 3 patients (75%).<br><br>CONCLUSION: In newly diagnosed patients with DD, the symbiotic mixture Prolactis GG Plus&#xae; can be a potential treatment for moderate (DICA 2) DD as a single treatment.},
}
@article {pmid39051391,
year = {2024},
author = {Bulaj, G and Coleman, M and Johansen, B and Kraft, S and Lam, W and Phillips, K and Rohaj, A},
title = {Redesigning Pharmacy to Improve Public Health Outcomes: Expanding Retail Spaces for Digital Therapeutics to Replace Consumer Products That Increase Mortality and Morbidity Risks.},
journal = {Pharmacy (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {12},
number = {4},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/pharmacy12040107},
pmid = {39051391},
issn = {2226-4787},
support = {35166//ALSAM Foundation/ ; },
abstract = {United States healthcare outcomes, including avoidable mortality rates, are among the worst of high-income countries despite the highest healthcare spending per capita. While community pharmacies contribute to chronic disease management and preventive medicine, they also offer consumer products that increase mortality risks and the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, cancer, and depression. To resolve these contradictions, our perspective article describes opportunities for major pharmacy chains (e.g., CVS Pharmacy and Walgreens) to introduce digital health aisles dedicated to prescription and over-the-counter digital therapeutics (DTx), together with mobile apps and wearables that support disease self-management, wellness, and well-being. We provide an evidence-based rationale for digital health aisles to replace spaces devoted to sugar-sweetened beverages and other unhealthy commodities (alcohol, tobacco) that may increase risks for premature death. We discuss how digital health aisles can serve as marketing and patient education resources, informing customers about commercially available DTx and other technologies that support healthy lifestyles. Since pharmacy practice requires symbiotic balancing between profit margins and patient-centered, value-based care, replacing health-harming products with health-promoting technologies could positively impact prevention of chronic diseases, as well as the physical and mental health of patients and caregivers who visit neighborhood pharmacies in order to pick up medicines.},
}
@article {pmid39049923,
year = {2024},
author = {Treviso, RL and Sant'Anna, V and Fabricio, MF and Ayub, MAZ and Brandelli, A and Hickert, LR},
title = {Time and temperature influence on physicochemical, microbiological, and sensory profiles of yerba mate kombucha.},
journal = {Journal of food science and technology},
volume = {61},
number = {9},
pages = {1733-1742},
pmid = {39049923},
issn = {0022-1155},
abstract = {UNLABELLED: The present work aimed to evaluate the features of yerba mate kombucha during 7 days of fermentation at either 25 ºC or 30 ºC, monitoring physicochemical changes, sensory profile, and sensorial acceptance. The symbiotic microbial culture of active bacteria and yeasts (SCOBY) at the beginning and the end of the bioprocess was also identified. The yerba mate kombuchas fermented at 25 ºC for 5 days or 30 ºC for 4 days were suitable for consumption according to Brazilian standards. Acetic acid, ethanol, and chlorophyll contents were dependent on fermentation time and temperature, unlike the total phenolic content. The main yeast and bacterium in SCOBY were Brettanomyces bruxellensis and Komagataeibacter rhaeticus, respectively, which remained dominant when fermentation was conducted for up to 7 days at both temperatures. Fermentation of yerba mate infusion led to products characterized by sourness, vinegar bitter, and fermented flavors and aromas, making the acceptance of non-fermented Yerba mate preferable to fermented infusions.<br><br>SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13197-024-05951-z.},
}
@article {pmid39049854,
year = {2024},
author = {Jiang, Y and Wang, M and Yan, X and Liu, M and Guo, X},
title = {Exotic plants introduction changed soil nutrient cycle and symbiotic relationship with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in wetland ecological projects.},
journal = {Frontiers in plant science},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1410009},
pmid = {39049854},
issn = {1664-462X},
abstract = {In the process of applying exotic plants to wetland ecological restoration, insufficiently evaluated alien species may exhibit strong competitiveness and fecundity. Once introduced, they can displace native flora, disrupt the original ecological balance, diminish biodiversity, and even induce ecosystem dysfunction. Furthermore, exotic plants have the potential to alter soil microbial community structure, including the composition and activity of beneficial symbiotic microorganisms such as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), thereby impacting soil nutrient cycling and interplant nutrient competition. Here, we conducted three consecutive years of sampling experiments to investigate the succession of AMF communities associated with the invasive plant Spartina alterniflora along an initial introduction chronosequence, and to identify the key environmental factors influencing its response to S. alterniflora invasion. Our findings reveal that early-stage invasion by S. alterniflora alters the composition of soil AMF communities with unclassified_c__Glomeromycetes and Glomus-viscosum-VTX00063 consistently dominating. Additionally, as the duration of introduction increases, the diversity of rhizosphere soil AMF significantly decreases, while its evenness remains relatively stable. It's indicated that soil ω, AN, AK and N/P ratio were the main influencing factors of the integral AMF community. Notably, soil available phosphorus (AP) emerges as a positive influence on the important AMF taxa. The results confirm the mutual feedback effect between the invasion of the perennial herb S. alterniflora and AMF, in which specific AMF assist in nutrient absorption to promote S. alterniflora growth, potentially facilitating its rapid and successful invasion of new habitats. Given the likely differential effects of AMF communities on various plant species, our findings could contribute to anticipating future AMF-mediated effects during the introduction of alien plants.},
}
@article {pmid39048698,
year = {2024},
author = {Shikina, S and Yoshioka, Y and Chiu, YL and Uchida, T and Chen, E and Cheng, YC and Lin, TC and Chu, YL and Kanda, M and Kawamitsu, M and Fujie, M and Takeuchi, T and Zayasu, Y and Satoh, N and Shinzato, C},
title = {Genome and tissue-specific transcriptomes of the large-polyp coral, Fimbriaphyllia (Euphyllia) ancora: a recipe for a coral polyp.},
journal = {Communications biology},
volume = {7},
number = {1},
pages = {899},
pmid = {39048698},
issn = {2399-3642},
support = {20H03235, 20K21860, and 24K01847//MEXT | Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS)/ ; 20J21301//MEXT | Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS)/ ; },
mesh = {*Anthozoa/genetics/metabolism ; Animals ; *Transcriptome ; *Genome ; Symbiosis/genetics ; Polyps/genetics/pathology ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Organ Specificity ; },
abstract = {Coral polyps are composed of four tissues; however, their characteristics are largely unexplored. Here we report biological characteristics of tentacles (Te), mesenterial filaments (Me), body wall (Bo), and mouth with pharynx (MP), using comparative genomic, morpho-histological, and transcriptomic analyses of the large-polyp coral, Fimbriaphyllia ancora. A draft F. ancora genome assembly of 434 Mbp was created. Morpho-histological and transcriptomic characterization of the four tissues showed that they have distinct differences in structure, primary cellular composition, and transcriptional profiles. Tissue-specific, highly expressed genes (HEGs) of Te are related to biological defense, predation, and coral-algal symbiosis. Me expresses multiple digestive enzymes, whereas Bo expresses innate immunity and biomineralization-related molecules. Many receptors for neuropeptides and neurotransmitters are expressed in MP. This dataset and new insights into tissue functions will facilitate a deeper understanding of symbiotic biology, immunology, biomineralization, digestive biology, and neurobiology in corals.},
}
@article {pmid39048602,
year = {2024},
author = {Hainan, L and Peng, L and Qingqing, L and Fang, L and Dong, Z and Shenfa, H and Jie, Y and Zhiheng, L},
title = {Responses of nitrobenzene removal performance and microbial community by modified biochar supported zerovalent iron in anaerobic soil.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {14},
number = {1},
pages = {17078},
pmid = {39048602},
issn = {2045-2322},
support = {2023YFC3709600//National Key Research and Development Program of China/ ; 16th//2022 Shanghai Oriental Talent Plan Leading Project/ ; },
mesh = {*Charcoal/chemistry ; *Nitrobenzenes/chemistry ; *Iron/chemistry ; *Soil Microbiology ; Anaerobiosis ; Soil/chemistry ; Biodegradation, Environmental ; Microbiota ; Groundwater/chemistry/microbiology ; Soil Pollutants/chemistry ; },
abstract = {Biochar-supported ZVI have received increasing attention for their potential to remove nitrobenzene in groundwater and soil. However, the capacity of this material to enhance the biological reduction of nitrobenzene and alter microbial communities in anaerobic groundwater have not been explored. In this study, the nitrobenzene removal performance and mechanism of modified biochar-supported zerovalent iron (ZVI) composites were explored in anaerobic soil. The results showed that the 700 °C biochar composite enhanced the removal of nitrobenzene and inhibited its release from soil to the aqueous phase. NaOH-700-Fe50 had the highest removal rate of nitrobenzene, reaching 64.4%. However, the 300 °C biochar composite inhibited the removal of nitrobenzene. Microbial degradation rather than ZVI-mediated reduction was the main nitrobenzene removal pathway. The biochar composites changed the richness and diversity of microbial communities. ZVI enhanced the symbiotic relationship between microbial genera and weakened competition between soil microbial genera. In summary, the 700 °C modified biochar composite enhanced the removal of nitrobenzene by increasing microbial community richness and diversity, by upregulating functional genes, and by promoting electron transfer. Overall, the modified biochar-supported ZVI composites could be used for soil remediation, and NaOH-700-Fe50 is a promising composite material for the on-site remediation of nitrobenzene-contaminated groundwater.},
}
@article {pmid39047569,
year = {2024},
author = {Zhou, J and Lin, WH and Yu, YL and Dong, CD and Zhang, H and Hu, Z and Kao, CM},
title = {Transitioning weathered oil fields towards new energy: A review on utilizing hydrogenotrophic methanogens for petroleum hydrocarbons remediation.},
journal = {Journal of hazardous materials},
volume = {477},
number = {},
pages = {135279},
doi = {10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135279},
pmid = {39047569},
issn = {1873-3336},
abstract = {The weathering process can cause the volatilization of light components in crude oil, leading to the accumulation of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) in weathered oil field soils. These TPH compounds are relatively resistant to biodegradation, posing a significant environmental hazard by contributing to soil degradation. TPH represents a complex mixture of petroleum-based hydrocarbons classified as persistent organic pollutants in soil and groundwater. The release of TPH pollutants into the environment poses serious threats to ecosystems and human health. Currently, various methods are available for TPH-contaminated soil remediation, with bioremediation technology recognized as an environmentally friendly and cost-effective approach. While converting TPH to CO2 is a common remediation method, the complex structures and diverse types of petroleum hydrocarbons (PHs) involved can result in excessive CO2 generation, potentially exacerbating the greenhouse effect. Alternatively, transforming TPH into energy forms like methane through bioremediation, followed by collection and reuse, can reduce greenhouse gas emissions and energy consumption. This process relies on the synergistic interaction between Methanogens archaea and syntrophic bacteria, forming a consortium known as the oil-degrading bacterial consortium. Methanogens produce methane through anaerobic digestion (AD), with hydrogenotrophic methanogens (HTMs) utilizing H2 as an electron donor, playing a crucial role in biomethane production. Candidatus Methanoliparia (Ca. Methanoliparia) was found in the petroleum archaeal community of weathered Oil field in northeast China. Ca. Methanoliparia has demonstrated its independent ability to decompose and produce new energy (biomethane) without symbiosis, contribute to transitioning weathered oil fields towards new energy. Therefore, this review focuses on the principles, mechanisms, and developmental pathways of HTMs during new energy production in the degradation of PHs. It also discusses strategies to enhance TPH degradation and recovery methods.},
}
@article {pmid39047091,
year = {2024},
author = {Wang, H and Xiao, H and Feng, B and Lan, Y and Fung, CW and Zhang, H and Yan, G and Lian, C and Zhong, Z and Li, J and Wang, M and Wu, AR and Li, C and Qian, PY},
title = {Single-cell RNA-seq reveals distinct metabolic "microniches" and close host-symbiont interactions in deep-sea chemosynthetic tubeworm.},
journal = {Science advances},
volume = {10},
number = {30},
pages = {eadn3053},
doi = {10.1126/sciadv.adn3053},
pmid = {39047091},
issn = {2375-2548},
mesh = {Animals ; *Symbiosis ; *Single-Cell Analysis/methods ; *Polychaeta/metabolism/microbiology/genetics ; *RNA-Seq/methods ; Gammaproteobacteria/metabolism/genetics ; Single-Cell Gene Expression Analysis ; },
abstract = {Vestimentiferan tubeworms that thrive in deep-sea chemosynthetic ecosystems rely on a single species of sulfide-oxidizing gammaproteobacterial endosymbionts housed in a specialized symbiotic organ called trophosome as their primary carbon source. While this simple symbiosis is remarkably productive, the host-symbiont molecular interactions remain unelucidated. Here, we applied an approach for deep-sea in situ single-cell fixation in a cold-seep tubeworm, Paraescarpia echinospica. Single-cell RNA sequencing analysis and further molecular characterizations of both the trophosome and endosymbiont indicate that the tubeworm maintains two distinct metabolic "microniches" in the trophosome by controlling the availability of chemosynthetic gases and metabolites, resulting in oxygenated and hypoxic conditions. The endosymbionts in the oxygenated niche actively conduct autotrophic carbon fixation and are digested for nutrients, while those in the hypoxic niche conduct anaerobic denitrification, which helps the host remove ammonia waste. Our study provides insights into the molecular interactions between animals and their symbiotic microbes.},
}
@article {pmid39046305,
year = {2024},
author = {Boccato, E and Petruzzellis, F and Bordenave, CD and Nardini, A and Tretiach, M and Mayr, S and Candotto Carniel, F},
title = {The sound of lichens: ultrasonic acoustic emissions during desiccation question cavitation events in the hyphae.},
journal = {Journal of experimental botany},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/jxb/erae318},
pmid = {39046305},
issn = {1460-2431},
abstract = {Lichens are a mutualistic symbiosis between a fungus and one or more photosynthetic partners. They are photosynthetically active during desiccation until relative water contents (RWC) as low as 30% (on dry mass). Experimental evidence suggests that during desiccation, the photobionts have a higher hydration level than the surrounding fungal pseudo-tissues. Explosive cavitation events in the hyphae might cause water movements towards the photobionts. This hypothesis was tested in two foliose lichens by measurements of ultrasonic acoustic emissions (UAE), a method commonly used in vascular plants but never in lichens, and by measurements of photosystem II efficiency, water potential and RWC. Thallus structural changes were characterised by low-temperature scanning electron microscopy. The thalli were silent between 380% and 30% RWCs, i.e. when explosive cavitation events should cause movements of liquid water. Nevertheless, the thalli emitted UAE at approximately 5% RWC. Accordingly, the medullary hyphae were partially shrunk at about 15% RWC, whereas they were completely shrunk below 5% RWC. These results do not support the hypothesis of hyphal cavitation and suggest that the UAE originate from structural changes at hyphal level. The shrinking of hyphae is proposed as an adaptation to avoid cell damage at very low RWCs.},
}
@article {pmid39046282,
year = {2024},
author = {Dupuis, S and Lingappa, UF and Mayali, X and Sindermann, ES and Chastain, JL and Weber, PK and Stuart, R and Merchant, SS},
title = {Scarcity of fixed carbon transfer in a model microbial phototroph-heterotroph interaction.},
journal = {The ISME journal},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/ismejo/wrae140},
pmid = {39046282},
issn = {1751-7370},
abstract = {Although the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii has long served as a reference organism, few studies have interrogated its role as a primary producer in microbial interactions. Here, we quantitatively investigated C. reinhardtii's capacity to support a heterotrophic microbe using the established coculture system with Mesorhizobium japonicum, a vitamin B12-producing α-proteobacterium. Using stable isotope probing and nanoscale secondary ion mass spectrometry (nanoSIMS), we tracked the flow of photosynthetic fixed carbon and consequent bacterial biomass synthesis under continuous and diurnal light with single-cell resolution. We found that more 13C fixed by the alga was taken up by bacterial cells under continuous light, invalidating the hypothesis that the alga's fermentative degradation of starch reserves during the night would boost M. japonicum heterotrophy. 15NH4 assimilation rates and changes in cell size revealed that M. japonicum cells reduced new biomass synthesis in coculture with the alga but continued to divide - a hallmark of nutrient limitation often referred to as reductive division. Despite this sign of starvation, the bacterium still synthesized vitamin B12 and supported the growth of a B12-dependent C. reinhardtii mutant. Finally, we showed that bacterial proliferation could be supported solely by the algal lysis that occurred in coculture, highlighting the role of necromass in carbon cycling. Collectively, these results reveal the scarcity of fixed carbon in this microbial trophic relationship (particularly under environmentally relevant light regimes), demonstrate B12 exchange even during bacterial starvation, and underscore the importance of quantitative approaches for assessing metabolic coupling in algal-bacterial interactions.},
}
@article {pmid39045293,
year = {2024},
author = {Rosenberg, J and Flynn, T and Merollini, K and Linn, J and Nabukalu, D and Davis, C},
title = {Exploring the 'citizen organization': an evaluation of a regional Australian community-based palliative care service model.},
journal = {Palliative care and social practice},
volume = {18},
number = {},
pages = {26323524241260427},
pmid = {39045293},
issn = {2632-3524},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Little Haven is a rural, community-based specialist palliative care service in Gympie, Australia. Its goals are to provide highest quality of care, support and education for those experiencing or anticipating serious illness and loss. Families and communities work alongside clinical services, with community engagement influencing compassionate care and support of dying people, their families and communities. Public Health Palliative Care promotes community engagement by community-based palliative care services and is grounded in equal partnerships between civic life, community members, patients and carers, and service providers. This takes many forms, including what we have termed the 'citizen organization'.<br><br>OBJECTIVES: This paper reports on an evaluation of Little Haven's model of care and explores the organization's place as a 'citizen' of the community it services.<br><br>DESIGN: A co-designed evaluation approach utilizing mixed-method design is used.<br><br>METHODS: Multiple data sources obtained a broad perspective of the model of care including primary qualitative data from current patients, current carers, staff, volunteers and organizational stakeholders (interviews and focus groups); and secondary quantitative survey data from bereaved carers. Thematic analysis and descriptive statistics were generated.<br><br>RESULTS: This model of care demonstrates common service elements including early access to holistic, patient/family-centred, specialized palliative care at little or no cost to users, with strong community engagement. These elements enable high-quality care for patients and carers who describe the support as 'over and above', enabling good quality of life and care at home. Staff and volunteers perceive the built-in flexibility of the model as critical to its outcomes; the interface between the service and the community is similarly stressed as a key service element. Organizational stakeholders observed the model as a product of local activism and accountability to the community.<br><br>CONCLUSION: All participant groups agree the service model enables the delivery of excellent care. The construction of a community palliative care service as a citizen organization emerged as a new concept.},
}
@article {pmid39044145,
year = {2024},
author = {Xia, X and Liu, BQ and Yu, PH and Yu, ZP and Zhang, R and Luo, GH and Fang, JC},
title = {Antibiotic feeding changes the bacterial community of Chilo suppressalis and thereby affects its pesticide tolerance.},
journal = {BMC microbiology},
volume = {24},
number = {1},
pages = {273},
pmid = {39044145},
issn = {1471-2180},
support = {2022ZB773//Jiangsu Funding Program for Excellent Postdoctoral Talent/ ; 2022YFD1400400//National Key R&amp;D Plan/ ; 2022YFD1400400//National Key R&amp;D Plan/ ; CARS-01-39//the Earmarked Fund for CARS/ ; CARS-01-39//the Earmarked Fund for CARS/ ; BE2022424//Carbon Peak Carbon Neutral Science and Technology Innovation Special Fund of Jiangsu Province/ ; BE2022424//Carbon Peak Carbon Neutral Science and Technology Innovation Special Fund of Jiangsu Province/ ; },
mesh = {*Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology ; Animals ; *Bacteria/drug effects/genetics/classification/isolation &amp; purification ; Pesticides/pharmacology ; Moths/microbiology/drug effects ; Symbiosis ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics ; Microbiota/drug effects ; Tetracycline/pharmacology ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Owing to the widespread use of chemical pesticides to control agricultural pests, pesticide tolerance has become a serious problem. In recent years, it has been found that symbiotic bacteria are related to pesticides tolerance. To investigate the potential role of microorganisms in the pesticide tolerance of Chilo suppressalis, this study was conducted.<br><br>RESULTS: The insect was fed with tetracycline and cefixime as the treatment group (TET and CFM, respectively), and did not add antibiotics in the control groups (CK). The 16S rDNA sequencing results showed that antibiotics reduced the diversity of C. suppressalis symbiotic microorganisms but did not affect their growth and development. In bioassays of the three C. suppressalis groups (TET, CFM, and CK), a 72&#xa0;h LC50 fitting curve was calculated to determine whether long-term antibiotic feeding leads to a decrease in pesticide resistance. The CK group of C. suppressalis was used to determine the direct effect of antibiotics on pesticide tolerance using a mixture of antibiotics and pesticides. Indirect evidence suggests that antibiotics themselves did not affect the pesticide tolerance of C. suppressalis. The results confirmed that feeding C. suppressalis cefixime led to a decrease in the expression of potential tolerance genes to chlorantraniliprole.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: This study reveals the impact of antibiotic induced changes in symbiotic microorganisms on the pesticide tolerance of C. suppressalis, laying the foundation for studying the interaction between C. suppressalis and microorganisms, and also providing new ideas for the prevention and control of C. suppressalis and the creation of new pesticides.},
}
@article {pmid39043273,
year = {2024},
author = {Liu, J and Sun, P and Chen, Y and Guo, J and Liu, L and Zhao, X and Xin, J and Liu, X},
title = {The regulation pathways of biochar and microorganism in soil-plant system by multiple statistical methods: the forms of carbon participation in coastal wetlands.},
journal = {Chemosphere},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {142918},
doi = {10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142918},
pmid = {39043273},
issn = {1879-1298},
abstract = {Coastal wetlands possess significant carbon storage capabilities. However, in coastal soil-plant systems augmented with biochar and microorganisms, the mechanisms of these amendments and carbon participation remain unclear. This study utilized pot experiments to explore how Enteromorpha prolifera biochar and Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) affect soil organic carbon (SOC), carbon-related microbes, photosynthetic and osmotic system of Suaeda salsa. The results showed biochar reduced exchangeable sodium percentage by 6.9% through adsorption and ion exchange, and increased SOC content by 34.4%. The abundance of carbon-related microorganisms (Bacteroidota and Chloroflexi) was increased and carbon metabolizing enzyme (cellulase and sucrase) activity in the soil was enhanced. AMF significantly improved plant growth compared with CK, as evidenced by the enhanced dry weight by 2.34 times. A partial least squares pathway model (PLS-PM) and correlation analysis suggested that the combined effect of biochar and AMF could be outlined as two pathways: soil and plant. Biochar increased SOC, improved the growth of soil carbon metabolizing microorganisms, and further promoted the activity of carbon-related enzymes. Additionally, AMF facilitated nutrient absorption by plants through root symbiosis, with biochar further enhancing this process by acting as a nutrient adsorber. These combined effects of biochar and AMF at soil and plant level enhanced the photosynthetic process of Suaeda salsa. The transport of photosynthetic products to the roots can increase the carbon storage in the soil. This study provides quantitative evidence supporting the increase of carbon storage in coastal wetland soil-plant systems through a combined application of biochar and AMF.},
}
@article {pmid39043241,
year = {2024},
author = {Taylor, BN and Komatsu, KJ},
title = {More diverse rhizobial communities can lead to higher symbiotic nitrogen fixation rates, even in nitrogen-rich soils.},
journal = {Proceedings. Biological sciences},
volume = {291},
number = {2027},
pages = {20240765},
pmid = {39043241},
issn = {1471-2954},
support = {//Maryland Native Plant Society/ ; },
mesh = {*Nitrogen Fixation ; *Symbiosis ; *Soil/chemistry ; *Nitrogen/metabolism ; *Soil Microbiology ; *Rhizobium/physiology/metabolism ; Fabaceae/microbiology ; Biodiversity ; },
abstract = {Symbiotic nitrogen (N) fixation (SNF) by legumes and their rhizobial partners is one of the most important sources of bioavailable N to terrestrial ecosystems. While most work on the regulation of SNF has focussed on abiotic drivers such as light, water and soil nutrients, the diversity of rhizobia with which individual legume partners may play an important but under-recognized role in regulating N inputs from SNF. By experimentally manipulating the diversity of rhizobia available to legumes, we demonstrate that rhizobial diversity can increase average SNF rates by more than 90%, and that high rhizobial diversity can induce increased SNF even under conditions of high soil N fertilization. However, the effects of rhizobial diversity, the conditions under which diversity effects were the strongest, and the likely mechanisms driving these diversity effects differed between the two legume species we assessed. These results provide evidence that biodiversity-ecosystem function relationships can occur at the scales of an individual plant and that the effects of rhizobial diversity may be as important as long-established abiotic factors, such as N availability, in driving terrestrial N inputs via SNF.},
}
@article {pmid39042424,
year = {2024},
author = {Coutry, N and Gasmi, I and Herbert, F and Jay, P},
title = {Mechanisms of intestinal dysbiosis: new insights into tuft cell functions.},
journal = {Gut microbes},
volume = {16},
number = {1},
pages = {2379624},
pmid = {39042424},
issn = {1949-0984},
mesh = {*Dysbiosis/microbiology ; Humans ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; Animals ; *Paneth Cells/metabolism ; Symbiosis ; Bacteria/classification/metabolism/genetics ; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/microbiology/metabolism ; Intestinal Mucosa/microbiology/metabolism ; Tuft Cells ; },
abstract = {Symbiosis between the host and intestinal microbial communities is essential for human health. Disruption in this symbiosis is linked to gastrointestinal diseases, including inflammatory bowel diseases, as well as extra-gastrointestinal diseases. Unbalanced gut microbiome or gut dysbiosis contributes in multiple ways to disease frequency, severity and progression. Microbiome taxonomic profiling and metabolomics approaches greatly improved our understanding of gut dysbiosis features; however, the precise mechanisms involved in gut dysbiosis establishment still need to be clarified. The aim of this review is to present new actors and mechanisms underlying gut dysbiosis formation following parasitic infection or in a context of altered Paneth cells, revealing the existence of a critical crosstalk between Paneth and tuft cells to control microbiome composition.},
}
@article {pmid39042246,
year = {2024},
author = {Favoreto, AL and Domingues, MM and de Carvalho, VR and Ribeiro, MF and Zanuncio, JC and Wilcken, CF},
title = {Detection of Arsenophonus in Glycaspis brimblecombei (Hemiptera: Aphalaridae) populations in Brazil.},
journal = {Brazilian journal of microbiology : [publication of the Brazilian Society for Microbiology]},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {39042246},
issn = {1678-4405},
support = {Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient&#xed;fico e Tecnol&#xf3;gico//Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient&#xed;fico e Tecnol&#xf3;gico/ ; CAPES-Finance Code 001//Coordena&#xe7;&#xe3;o de Aperfei&#xe7;oamento de Pessoal de N&#xed;vel Superior/ ; Funda&#xe7;&#xe3;o de Amparo &#xe0; Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG)//Funda&#xe7;&#xe3;o de Amparo &#xe0; Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG)/ ; Programa Cooperativo sobre Prote&#xe7;&#xe3;o Florestal (PROTEF) do Instituto de Pesquisas e Estudos Florestais (IPEF)//Programa Cooperativo sobre Prote&#xe7;&#xe3;o Florestal (PROTEF) do Instituto de Pesquisas e Estudos Florestais (IPEF)/ ; },
abstract = {Eucalyptus is the most intensively managed tree genus in the world. Different factors, including damage by insect pests, affect its growth and productivity. Among these pests is Glycaspis brimblecombei Moore (Hemiptera: Aphalaridae), an exotic insect of Australian origin. The evolutionary success of this insect depends on symbiotic associations with microorganisms. The influence of these microorganisms on insect pests and their natural enemies is important for integrated management tactics. Within this context, this work aimed to detect Arsenophonus in populations of G. brimblecombei in Brazil. Eucalyptus branches infested with G. brimblecombei nymphs were collected in commercial eucalyptus plantations in six Brazilian states. Specimens of this pest were sampled soon after emergence and frozen for molecular analysis. The genomic DNA of G. brimblecombei adults from each population was extracted and used to detect the endosymbiont Arsenophonus by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) employing specific primers that target its 23 S rRNA gene. This endosymbiont was identified in all of the studied G. brimblecombei populations. This is the first report on the association between Arsenophonus and G. brimblecombei in Brazil.},
}
@article {pmid39041709,
year = {2024},
author = {Kastner, K and Bitter, J and Pfeiffer, M and Grininger, C and Oberdorfer, G and Pavkov-Keller, T and Weber, H and Nidetzky, B},
title = {Enzyme Machinery for Bacterial Glucoside Metabolism through a Conserved Non-hydrolytic Pathway.},
journal = {Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e202410681},
doi = {10.1002/anie.202410681},
pmid = {39041709},
issn = {1521-3773},
abstract = {Flexible acquisition of substrates from nutrient pools is critical for microbes to prevail in competitive environments. To acquire glucose from diverse glycoside and disaccharide substrates, many free-living and symbiotic bacteria have developed, alongside hydrolysis, a non-hydrolytic pathway comprised of four biochemical steps and conferred from a single glycoside utilization gene locus (GUL). Mechanistically, this pathway integrates within the framework of oxidation and reduction at the glucosyl/glucose C3, the eliminative cleavage of the glycosidic bond and the addition of water in two consecutive lyase-catalyzed reactions. Here, based on study of enzymes from the phytopathogen Agrobacterium tumefaciens, we reveal a conserved Mn2+ metallocenter active site in both lyases and identify the structural requirements for specific catalysis to elimination of 3-keto-glucosides and water addition to the resulting 2-hydroxy-3-keto-glycal product, yielding 3-keto-glucose. Extending our search of GUL-encoded putative lyases to the human gut commensal Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, we discover a Ca2+ metallocenter active site in a putative glycoside hydrolase-like protein and demonstrate its catalytic function in the eliminative cleavage of 3-keto-glucosides of opposite (alpha) anomeric configuration as preferred by the A. tumefaciens enzyme (beta). Findings identify a basic set of GUL-encoded lyases for glucoside metabolism and assign physiological significance to GUL genetic diversity in bacteria.},
}
@article {pmid39041078,
year = {2024},
author = {Wang, L and Zhang, JY and Yuan, Y and Liu, TR},
title = {[Effects of soil relative water content on growth characteristics of Armillaria spp. and seedling production of Gastrodia elata f. glauca].},
journal = {Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica},
volume = {49},
number = {12},
pages = {3178-3184},
doi = {10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20240215.101},
pmid = {39041078},
issn = {1001-5302},
mesh = {*Seedlings/growth &amp; development/metabolism ; *Gastrodia/growth &amp; development/chemistry/metabolism/microbiology ; *Soil/chemistry ; *Water/metabolism ; *Armillaria/growth &amp; development/metabolism ; },
abstract = {The seedling survival rate, yield, and individual weight of Gastrodia elata is closely related to the soil relative water content(RWC) and the growth characteristics of the associated fungi Armillaria spp. This study explored the effects of the soil RWC on the growth characteristics of Armillaria spp. and the seedling production of G. elata f. glauca, aiming to provide guidance for breeding G. elata f. glauca and selecting elite strains of Armillaria. According to the growth characteristics on the medium for activation, thirty strains of Armillaria were classified into 4 clusters. Two strains with good growth indicators were selected from each cluster and cultiva-ted with immature tuber(Mima) and the branches of the broad-leaved trees in a water-controlled box. The results showed that the Armillaria clusters with uniaxial branches of rhizoid cords, such as clusters Ⅲ and Ⅳ, were excellent clusters in symbiosis with G. elata f. glauca. The soil RWC had significant effects on the growth characteristics of Armillaria strains and the seedling survival rate, yield, and individual weight of G. elata f. glauca. The growth characteristics of Armillaria strains and the seedling survival rate, yield, and individual weight of G. elata f. glauca in the case of the soil RWC being 75% were significantly better than those in the case of other soil RWC. Cultivating Mima with elite strains of Armillaria, together with branches of broad-leaved trees, in the greenhouses with the artificial control of the soil RWC, can achieve efficient seedling production and Mima utilization of G. elata f. glauca.},
}
@article {pmid39041011,
year = {2024},
author = {Holt, JR and Cavichiolli de Oliveira, N and Medina, RF and Malacrinò, A and Lindsey, ARI},
title = {Insect-microbe interactions and their influence on organisms and ecosystems.},
journal = {Ecology and evolution},
volume = {14},
number = {7},
pages = {e11699},
pmid = {39041011},
issn = {2045-7758},
abstract = {Microorganisms are important associates of insect and arthropod species. Insect-associated microbes, including bacteria, fungi, and viruses, can drastically impact host physiology, ecology, and fitness, while many microbes still have no known role. Over the past decade, we have increased our knowledge of the taxonomic composition and functional roles of insect-associated microbiomes and viromes. There has been a more recent shift toward examining the complexity of microbial communities, including how they vary in response to different factors (e.g., host genome, microbial strain, environment, and time), and the consequences of this variation for the host and the wider ecological community. We provide an overview of insect-microbe interactions, the variety of associated microbial functions, and the evolutionary ecology of these relationships. We explore the influence of the environment and the interactive effects of insects and their microbiomes across trophic levels. Additionally, we discuss the potential for subsequent synergistic and reciprocal impacts on the associated microbiomes, ecological interactions, and communities. Lastly, we discuss some potential avenues for the future of insect-microbe interactions that include the modification of existing microbial symbionts as well as the construction of synthetic microbial communities.},
}
@article {pmid39040687,
year = {2024},
author = {Liu, Z and Guo, Z and Zhou, J and Guo, X and Chen, Y},
title = {Biotic interactions and environmental modifications determine symbiotic microbial diversity and stability.},
journal = {Computational and structural biotechnology journal},
volume = {23},
number = {},
pages = {2717-2726},
pmid = {39040687},
issn = {2001-0370},
abstract = {Taking amphibians as island models, we examined the effects of interspecific interaction on the diversity and stability of microbial ecological. As skin area increased, the diversity and stability of skin microbes decreased, but the strength of negative interactions increased significantly. In contrast, as gut area increased, the diversity and stability of gut microbes increased, but the strength of interactions remained constant. These results indicate that microbial interactions are affected by habitat properties. When living in fluctuating environments without strong filtering, microorganisms can enhance their negative interactions with other taxa by changing the pH of their surroundings. In contrast, the pH of the gut is relatively stable, and colonized microorganisms cannot alter the gut pH and inhibit other colonizers. This study demonstrates that in the field of microbiology, diversity and stability are predominantly influenced by the intensity of interspecies interactions. The findings in this study deepen our understanding of microbial diversity and stability and provide a mechanistic link between species interactions, biodiversity, and stability in microbial ecosystems.},
}
@article {pmid39038530,
year = {2024},
author = {Makiura, T and Matsutani, M and Tseng, HC and Fujimoto, N and Ohnishi, A},
title = {Succinate-mediated symbiosis between Dialister hominis and an uncharacterized Segatella-like pectinophile.},
journal = {Anaerobe},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {102883},
doi = {10.1016/j.anaerobe.2024.102883},
pmid = {39038530},
issn = {1095-8274},
abstract = {OBJECTIVES: Syntrophy has been documented between pectinophiles and methanol-utilizing bacteria, along with instances of cross-feeding between pectinophiles and methanogens. However, studies on the ecology of pectinophiles in anaerobic digestion (AD) are lacking. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to elucidate the ecology of pectinophiles by isolating novel pectinophile forms and conducting a comprehensive analysis of their physiology and ecology.<br><br>METHODS: Complex microbial communities from AD systems were enriched in a pectin-containing medium; subsequently, specific strains were isolated using a pectinophile isolation method. The carbon source assimilation and growth ability of the isolates, along with their symbiotic relationships, were evaluated using batch tests.<br><br>RESULTS: Strain LPYR103-Pre exhibited 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity and average nucleotide identity values of 94.3% and 77.9%, respectively, compared to its closest related species, Segatella cerevisiae. Strain LPYR103-Pre demonstrated attenuated growth in the presence of eight common sugars but exhibited remarkably high growth in the presence of pectin, D-galacturonate, and D-glucuronate, with succinate being identified as a primary metabolite. Accumulation of succinate inhibited the growth of strain LPYR103-Pre. However, this growth impediment was alleviated by Dialister hominis LPYG114-Dih, whose growth required succinate.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Our results elucidate the specific carbon source requirements of the Segatella-like strain LPYR103-Pre and succinate-mediated symbiosis involving D. hominis. These findings provide new insights into the degradation of pectin and its degradation products during AD, contributing to the identification of unknown pectinophiles.},
}
@article {pmid39037262,
year = {2024},
author = {Jung, JM and Rahman, A and Schiffer, AM and Weisberg, AJ},
title = {Beav: a bacterial genome and mobile element annotation pipeline.},
journal = {mSphere},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e0020924},
doi = {10.1128/msphere.00209-24},
pmid = {39037262},
issn = {2379-5042},
abstract = {UNLABELLED: Comprehensive and accurate genome annotation is crucial for inferring the predicted functions of an organism. Numerous tools exist to annotate genes, gene clusters, mobile genetic elements, and other diverse features. However, these tools and pipelines can be difficult to install and run, be specialized for a particular element or feature, or lack annotations for larger elements that provide important genomic context. Integrating results across analyses is also important for understanding gene function. To address these challenges, we present the Beav annotation pipeline. Beav is a command-line tool that automates the annotation of bacterial genome sequences, mobile genetic elements, molecular systems and gene clusters, key regulatory features, and other elements. Beav uses existing tools in addition to custom models, scripts, and databases to annotate diverse elements, systems, and sequence features. Custom databases for plant-associated microbes are incorporated to improve annotation of key virulence and symbiosis genes in agriculturally important pathogens and mutualists. Beav includes an optional Agrobacterium-specific pipeline that identifies and classifies oncogenic plasmids and annotates plasmid-specific features. Following the completion of all analyses, annotations are consolidated to produce a single comprehensive output. Finally, Beav generates publication-quality genome and plasmid maps. Beav is on Bioconda and is available for download at https://github.com/weisberglab/beav.<br><br>IMPORTANCE: Annotation of genome features, such as the presence of genes and their predicted function, or larger loci encoding secretion systems or biosynthetic gene clusters, is necessary for understanding the functions encoded by an organism. Genomes can also host diverse mobile genetic elements, such as integrative and conjugative elements and/or phages, that are often not annotated by existing pipelines. These elements can horizontally mobilize genes encoding for virulence, antimicrobial resistance, or other adaptive functions and alter the phenotype of an organism. We developed a software pipeline, called Beav, that combines new and existing tools for the comprehensive annotation of these and other major features. Existing pipelines often misannotate loci important for virulence or mutualism in plant-associated bacteria. Beav includes custom databases and optional workflows for the improved annotation of plant-associated bacteria. Beav is designed to be easy to install and run, making comprehensive genome annotation broadly available to the research community.},
}
@article {pmid39036777,
year = {2024},
author = {Chen, Y and Chen, B and Liang, R and Wang, S and An, M and Zhang, J and Liang, J and Wang, Y and Gao, X and Liang, J},
title = {Four new species of Russulasubsect.Cyanoxanthinae from China (Russulales, Russulaceae).},
journal = {MycoKeys},
volume = {107},
number = {},
pages = {21-50},
pmid = {39036777},
issn = {1314-4049},
abstract = {Four new species of Russulasubsect.Cyanoxanthinae, viz. Russulaatrochermesina Y.L. Chen &amp; J.F. Liang, R.lavandula Y.L. Chen, B. Chen &amp; J.F. Liang, R.lilaceofusca Y.L. Chen &amp; J.F. Liang and R.perviridis Y.L. Chen, B. Chen &amp; J.F. Liang, from China are proposed, based on morphological and molecular evidence. Russulaatrochermesina can be distinguished by its violet pileus with tuberculate-striate margin, distant lamellae that stain greyish-yellow when bruised, basidiospores ornamented by isolated warts, wide hymenial cystidia on lamellae edges, cystidia content negative reaction in sulphovanillin and branched subterminal cells in pileipellis. Russulalavandula has a purplish-white to violet red pileus with a yellow centre, frequently present lamellulae and furcations, stipe often with pale yellow near the base, isolated basidiospores ornamentation and unbranched cuticular hyphal terminations, while R.lilaceofusca is characterised by its lilac brown to dark brown pileus, crowded lamellae with lamellulae and furcations, stipe often turning reddish-yellow when bruised, subreticulate basidiospores ornamentation and clavate hymenial cystidia often with capitate appendage whose contents that change to reddish-black in sulphovanillin. Russulaperviridis is characterised by its large basidiomata, smooth pileus surface, frequently present lamellulae and furcations, stipe with yellow-brown tinge, globose to broadly ellipsoid basidiospores with subreticulate ornamentation, long hymenial cystidia that turn greyish-black in sulphovanillin and symbiotic with Quercussemecarpifolia. Phylogenetic analyses, based on multi-gene ITS+LSU+mtSSU+rpb2, indicate that R.atrochermesina, R.lavandula, R.lilaceofusca and R.perviridis are closely related to R.pallidirosea and R.purpureorosea, R.banwatchanensis, R.lakhanpalii and R.nigrovirens, respectively.},
}
@article {pmid39035357,
year = {2024},
author = {Qadri, H and Shah, AH and Almilaibary, A and Mir, MA},
title = {Microbiota, natural products, and human health: exploring interactions for therapeutic insights.},
journal = {Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology},
volume = {14},
number = {},
pages = {1371312},
pmid = {39035357},
issn = {2235-2988},
mesh = {Humans ; *Biological Products/pharmacology/metabolism ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome/physiology ; Bacteria/metabolism/classification ; Animals ; Host Microbial Interactions ; Symbiosis ; },
abstract = {The symbiotic relationship between the human digestive system and its intricate microbiota is a captivating field of study that continues to unfold. Comprising predominantly anaerobic bacteria, this complex microbial ecosystem, teeming with trillions of organisms, plays a crucial role in various physiological processes. Beyond its primary function in breaking down indigestible dietary components, this microbial community significantly influences immune system modulation, central nervous system function, and disease prevention. Despite the strides made in microbiome research, the precise mechanisms underlying how bacterial effector functions impact mammalian and microbiome physiology remain elusive. Unlike the traditional DNA-RNA-protein paradigm, bacteria often communicate through small molecules, underscoring the imperative to identify compounds produced by human-associated bacteria. The gut microbiome emerges as a linchpin in the transformation of natural products, generating metabolites with distinct physiological functions. Unraveling these microbial transformations holds the key to understanding the pharmacological activities and metabolic mechanisms of natural products. Notably, the potential to leverage gut microorganisms for large-scale synthesis of bioactive compounds remains an underexplored frontier with promising implications. This review serves as a synthesis of current knowledge, shedding light on the dynamic interplay between natural products, bacteria, and human health. In doing so, it contributes to our evolving comprehension of microbiome dynamics, opening avenues for innovative applications in medicine and therapeutics. As we delve deeper into this intricate web of interactions, the prospect of harnessing the power of the gut microbiome for transformative medical interventions becomes increasingly tantalizing.},
}
@article {pmid39034969,
year = {2024},
author = {Kotakadi, SM and Bangarupeta, MJ and Kandati, K and Borelli, DPR and Sayyed, JA and Shaik, MI and Nannepaga, JS},
title = {Biosynthesized MgONPs using Syzygium cumini seed extract: Characterization, In vitro anti-oxidant and anti-microbial activity.},
journal = {Biotechnology reports (Amsterdam, Netherlands)},
volume = {43},
number = {},
pages = {e00846},
pmid = {39034969},
issn = {2215-017X},
abstract = {The present study investigates S. cumini seed extracts which are considered as a promising and valuable source of bioactive compounds were prepared using different solvents such as methanol, ethanol, petroleum ether, acetone, chloroform, and diethyl ether. Among these solvents, methanol exhibited the highest extraction with a yield of 42 %. HPLC analysis revealed the highest concentration of quercetin flavonoids (49.62 mg/gm) in the methanolic S. cumini seed extract. Thus, the current work deals with the MgONPs synthesis through a biological approach using different S. cumini seed extracts. In vitro anti-oxidant properties were evaluated, which showed an IC50 value of 22.46 μg/mL for MgONPs synthesized from methanolic extract, surpassing the anti-oxidant potency of ascorbic acid by threefold. By leveraging the rich repository of bioactive compounds found within S. cumini seed extract, this study presents a novel approach to MgONPs synthesis. Exploring the symbiotic relationship between S. cumini seed extract and MgONPs, this research elucidates the pivotal role of bioactive compounds in guiding the formation and properties of nanostructures. Further anti-microbial studies on MgONPs from methanolic S. cumini seed extract were conducted against four different bacterial strains (Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, and S. typhimurium), revealing potent anti-microbial activity with 5.3 mm of inhibition for 100 µl against S. typhimurium. These findings suggest that S. cumini is a source of bioactive compounds responsible for the successful synthesis of MgONPs. Characterization studies of MgONPs were also carried out using UV-vis spectroscopy, FTIR, SEM, XRD, DSC and HPLC.},
}
@article {pmid39034691,
year = {2024},
author = {Nef, C and Pierella Karlusich, JJ and Bowler, C},
title = {From nets to networks: tools for deciphering phytoplankton metabolic interactions within communities and their global significance.},
journal = {Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences},
volume = {379},
number = {1909},
pages = {20230172},
doi = {10.1098/rstb.2023.0172},
pmid = {39034691},
issn = {1471-2970},
support = {//Universit&#xe9; de Recherche Paris Sciences et Lettres/ ; //Horizon 2020 Framework Programme/ ; //Fonds Fran&#xe7;ais pour l'Environnement Mondial/ ; //Simons Foundation/ ; //Agence Nationale de la Recherche/ ; //HORIZON EUROPE European Research Council/ ; },
mesh = {*Phytoplankton/metabolism/physiology ; *Food Chain ; Ecosystem ; },
abstract = {Our oceans are populated with a wide diversity of planktonic organisms that form complex dynamic communities at the base of marine trophic networks. Within such communities are phytoplankton, unicellular photosynthetic taxa that provide an estimated half of global primary production and support biogeochemical cycles, along with other essential ecosystem services. One of the major challenges for microbial ecologists has been to try to make sense of this complexity. While phytoplankton distributions can be well explained by abiotic factors such as temperature and nutrient availability, there is increasing evidence that their ecological roles are tightly linked to their metabolic interactions with other plankton members through complex mechanisms (e.g. competition and symbiosis). Therefore, unravelling phytoplankton metabolic interactions is the key for inferring their dependency on, or antagonism with, other taxa and better integrating them into the context of carbon and nutrient fluxes in marine trophic networks. In this review, we attempt to summarize the current knowledge brought by ecophysiology, organismal imaging, in silico predictions and co-occurrence networks using 'omics data, highlighting successful combinations of approaches that may be helpful for future investigations of phytoplankton metabolic interactions within their complex communities.This article is part of the theme issue 'Connected interactions: enriching food web research by spatial and social interactions'.},
}
@article {pmid39032279,
year = {2024},
author = {Zhang, H and Hao, Z and Zhang, R and Tong, J and Wang, X and Liu, J and Gao, Y and Wang, X and Su, Q and Wen, H and Fan, Y and Liu, F and Li, X and Tong, C and Wang, X},
title = {Artemisia argyi polyphenols Attenuates DSS-induced colitis in mice by regulating the structural composition of gut microbiota.},
journal = {Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology},
volume = {132},
number = {},
pages = {155897},
doi = {10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155897},
pmid = {39032279},
issn = {1618-095X},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Intestinal health is affected by heredity, lifestyle, and structure of gut microbiota. The imbalance of symbiotic and harmful bacteria in gut microbiota may increase the occurrence of colonic inflammation. Supplementary A. muciniphila can improve the survival rate of colitis mice, reduce colon tissue injury, and the expression of anti-inflammatory factors was upregulated. Artemisia argyi has been reported to have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, bactericidal, and immunomodulatory effects. However, its anti-inflammatory effect and mechanism, and its influence on gut microbiota and metabolites are still unclear yet.<br><br>PURPOSE: To explore whether Artemisia argyi Polyphenols(AAPs) can alleviate ulcerative colitis (UC) by changing gut microbiota.<br><br>METHODS: The therapeutic effect of AAPs on colitis was investigated by inducing ulcerative colitis in mice using dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) and administering different doses of AAPs orally to mice. Exploring the levels of inflammatory proteins, oxidative stress proteins, and barrier proteins using western blotting and immunofluorescence, and explored the structural changes of gut microbiota and its metabolites. Meanwhile, in order to explore whether the role of AAPs in alleviating colitis is based on the regulation of gut microbiota structure, we conducted fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT).<br><br>RESULTS: It showed that AAPs and FMT trial alleviated DSS-induced colonic injury, including clinical parameters and pathological injury of colon tissue, reduction in the expression of inflammatory proteins: IL-6, TNF-&#x3b1;, p-p65, p-I&#x3ba;B&#x3b1;, and increase in the expression of antioxidant proteins: Nrf2, NQO-1 and HO-1 and barrier proteins: Claudin-1, Occludin, ZO-1 and MUC2. AAPs and FMT promoted the content of beneficial bacteria, such as Butyricimonas and Lactobacillus, and the content of beneficial metabolites for instance acetic acid, butyric acid, and valeric acid has also increased.<br><br>CONCLUSION: These results suggested that AAPs might improve DSS-induced colonic injury by changing the structural of gut microbiota while promoting the synthesis of fatty acids in the intestine, thereby providing a theoretical basis for using AAPs to treat ulcerative colitis.},
}
@article {pmid39031969,
year = {2024},
author = {Peterson, BW and Tjakkes, GH and Renkema, AM and Manton, DJ and Ren, Y},
title = {The oral microbiota and periodontal health in orthodontic patients.},
journal = {Periodontology 2000},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/prd.12594},
pmid = {39031969},
issn = {1600-0757},
abstract = {The oral microbiota develops within the first 2 years of childhood and becomes distinct from the parents by 4 years-of-age. The oral microbiota plays an important role in the overall health/symbiosis of the individual. Deviations from the state of symbiosis leads to dysbiosis and an increased risk of pathogenicity. Deviations can occur not only from daily life activities but also from orthodontic interventions. Orthodontic appliances are formed from a variety of biomaterials. Once inserted, they serve as a breeding ground for microbial attachment, not only from new surface areas and crevices but also from material physicochemical interactions different than in the symbiotic state. Individuals undergoing orthodontic treatment show, compared with untreated people, qualitative and quantitative differences in activity within the oral microbiota, induced by increased retention of supra- and subgingival microbial plaque throughout the treatment period. These changes are at the root of the main undesirable effects, such as gingivitis, white spot lesions (WSL), and more severe caries lesions. Notably, the oral microbiota profile in the first weeks of orthodontic intervention might be a valuable indicator to predict and identify higher-risk individuals with respect to periodontal health and caries risk within an otherwise healthy population. Antimicrobial coatings have been used to dissuade microbes from adhering to the biomaterial; however, they disrupt the host microbiota, and several bacterial strains have become resistant. Smart biomaterials that can reduce the antimicrobial load preventing microbial adhesion to orthodontic appliances have shown promising results, but their complexity has kept many solutions from reaching the clinic. 3D printing technology provides opportunities for complex chemical syntheses to be performed uniformly, reducing the cost of producing smart biomaterials giving hope that they may reach the clinic in the near future. The purpose of this review is to emphasize the importance of the oral microbiota during orthodontic therapy and to use innovative technologies to better maintain its healthy balance during surgical procedures.},
}
@article {pmid39031570,
year = {2024},
author = {Majid, M and Wani, AH and Ganai, BA},
title = {Evaluating the Biocontrol Efficacy and Antioxidant Potential of Phellinus caribaeo-quercicola-A First Report Dual-Action Endophyte From Inula racemosa Hook. F.},
journal = {Journal of basic microbiology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e2400080},
doi = {10.1002/jobm.202400080},
pmid = {39031570},
issn = {1521-4028},
support = {//The authors received no specific funding for this work./ ; },
abstract = {Phellinus caribaeo-quercicola is a basidiomycetous fungus, isolated as an endophyte in this study from the healthy and symptomless leaves of Inula racemosa Hook. f., an important medicinal herb growing in Kashmir Himalaya. This study combines morphological, molecular and phylogenetic techniques to identify the fungal endophyte, using the ITS sequence of nrDNA. A detached leaf assay was conducted to assess the pathogenicity of the fungal endophyte suggesting its mutually symbiotic relationship with the host. The authors also investigated the antifungal potential of the isolated endophytic strain to ascertain its use as a biocontrol agent. The study shows that P. caribaeo-quercicola INL3-2 strain exhibits biocontrol activity against four key fungal phytopathogens that cause significant agronomic and economic losses: Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Fusarium solani, and Fusarium oxysporum. Notably, P. caribaeo-quercicola INL3-2 strain is highly effective against A. flavus, with an inhibition percentage of 57.63%. In addition, this study investigates the antioxidant activity of P. caribaeo-quercicola INL3-2 strain crude extracts using ethyl acetate and methanol as solvents. The results showed that the methanolic fraction of P. caribaeo-quercicola exhibits potential as an antioxidant agent, with an IC50 value of 171.90 ± 1.15 µg/mL. This investigation is first of its kind and marks the initial report of this fungal basidiomycete, P. caribaeo-quercicola, as an endophyte associated with a medicinal plant. The findings of this study highlight the potential of P. caribaeo-quercicola INL3-2 strain as a dual-action agent with both biocontrol and antioxidant properties consistent with the medicinal properties of Inula racemosa. This endophytic fungus could be a promising source of natural compounds for use in agriculture, medicine, and beyond.},
}
@article {pmid39030686,
year = {2024},
author = {Wallace, BA and Varona, NS and Hesketh-Best, PJ and Stiffler, AK and Silveira, CB},
title = {Globally distributed bacteriophage genomes reveal mechanisms of tripartite phage-bacteria-coral interactions.},
journal = {The ISME journal},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/ismejo/wrae132},
pmid = {39030686},
issn = {1751-7370},
abstract = {Reef-building corals depend on an intricate community of microorganisms for functioning and resilience. The infection of coral-associated bacteria by bacteriophages can modify bacteria-host interactions, yet very little is known about phage functions in the holobiont. This gap stems from methodological limitations that have prevented the recovery of high-quality viral genomes and bacterial host assignment from coral samples. Here, we introduce a size fractionation approach that increased bacterial and viral recovery in coral metagenomes by 9-fold and 2-fold, respectively, and enabled the assembly and binning of bacterial and viral genomes at relatively low sequencing coverage. We combined these viral genomes with those derived from 677 publicly available metagenomes, viromes, and bacterial isolates from stony corals to build a global coral virus database of over 20 000 viral genomic sequences spanning four viral realms. The tailed bacteriophage families Kyanoviridae and Autographiviridae were the most abundant, replacing groups formerly referred to as Myoviridae and Podoviridae, respectively. Prophage and CRISPR spacer linkages between these viruses and 626 bacterial metagenome-assembled genomes and bacterial isolates showed that most viruses infected Alphaproteobacteria, the most abundant class, and less abundant taxa like Halanaerobiia and Bacteroidia. A host-phage-gene network identified keystone viruses with the genomic capacity to modulate bacterial metabolic pathways and direct molecular interactions with eukaryotic cells. This study reveals the genomic basis of nested symbioses between bacteriophage, bacteria, and the coral host and its endosymbiotic algae.},
}
@article {pmid39030411,
year = {2024},
author = {Yang, Q and Yang, B and Yang, B and Zhang, W and Tang, X and Sun, H and Zhang, Y and Li, J and Ling, J and Dong, J},
title = {Alleviating Coral Thermal Stress via Inoculation with Quorum Quenching Bacteria.},
journal = {Marine biotechnology (New York, N.Y.)},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {39030411},
issn = {1436-2236},
support = {2021YFC3100500//National Key Research and Development Program of China/ ; 2022YFC3102003//National Key Research and Development Program of China/ ; 2022YFC3102004//National Key Research and Development Program of China/ ; 42106197//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 42276160//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 422QN440//Hainan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China, China/ ; ISEE2021ZD03//Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences/ ; ISEE2021ZD03//Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences/ ; 2021B1212050023//Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province, China/ ; },
abstract = {In the background of global warming, coral bleaching induced by elevated seawater temperature is the primary cause of coral reef degradation. Coral microbiome engineering using the beneficial microorganisms for corals (BMCs) has become a hot spot in the field of coral reef conservation and restoration. Investigating the potential of alleviating thermal stress by quorum quenching (QQ) bacteria may provide more tools for coral microbial engineering remediation. In this study, QQ bacteria strain Pseudoalteromonas piscicida SCSIO 43740 was screened among 75 coral-derived bacterial strains, and its quorum sensing inhibitor (QSI) compound was isolated and identified as 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol (2,4-DTBP). Then, the thermal stress alleviating potential of QQ bacteria on coral Pocillopora damicornis was tested by a 30-day controlled experiment with three different treatments: control group (Con: 29 °C), high temperature group (HT: 31 °C), and the group of high temperature with QQ bacteria inoculation (HTQQ: 31 °C + QQ bacteria). The results showed that QQ bacteria SCSIO 43740 inoculation can significantly mitigate the loss of symbiotic algae and impairment of photosynthesis efficiency of coral P. damicornis under thermal stress. Significant difference in superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) enzyme activities between HT and HTQQ was not observed. In addition, QQ bacteria inoculation suppressed the coral microbial community beta-dispersion and improved the stability of microbial co-occurrence network under thermal stress. It was suggested that QQ bacteria inoculation can alleviate coral thermal stress via reshaping microbial interaction and maintain community stability of coral microbiome. This study provided new evidence for the probiotic function of QQ bacteria in corals, which shedding light on the development of new microbiological tools for coral reef conservation.},
}
@article {pmid39030351,
year = {2024},
author = {Gong, S and Liang, J and Xu, L and Wang, Y and Li, J and Jin, X and Yu, K and Zhang, Y},
title = {Diel transcriptional responses of coral-Symbiodiniaceae holobiont to elevated temperature.},
journal = {Communications biology},
volume = {7},
number = {1},
pages = {882},
pmid = {39030351},
issn = {2399-3642},
mesh = {*Anthozoa/genetics/physiology ; Animals ; *Symbiosis ; Circadian Rhythm/genetics ; Transcription, Genetic ; Hot Temperature ; Dinoflagellida/genetics/physiology ; Temperature ; },
abstract = {Coral exhibits diel rhythms in behavior and gene transcription. However, the influence of elevated temperature, a key factor causing coral bleaching, on these rhythms remains poorly understood. To address this, we examined physiological, metabolic, and gene transcription oscillations in the Acropora tenuis-Cladocopium sp. holobiont under constant darkness (DD), light-dark cycle (LD), and LD with elevated temperature (HLD). Under LD, the values of photosystem II efficiency, reactive oxygen species leakage, and lipid peroxidation exhibited significant diel oscillations. These oscillations were further amplified during coral bleaching under HLD. Gene transcription analysis identified 24-hour rhythms for specific genes in both coral and Symbiodiniaceae under LD. Notably, these rhythms were disrupted in coral and shifted in Symbiodiniaceae under HLD. Importantly, we identified over 20 clock or clock-controlled genes in this holobiont. Specifically, we suggested CIPC (CLOCK-interacting pacemaker-like) gene as a core clock gene in coral. We observed that the transcription of two abundant rhythmic genes encoding glycoside hydrolases (CBM21) and heme-binding protein (SOUL) were dysregulated by elevated temperature. These findings indicate that elevated temperatures disrupt diel gene transcription rhythms in the coral-Symbiodiniaceae holobiont, affecting essential symbiosis processes, such as carbohydrate utilization and redox homeostasis. These disruptions may contribute to the thermal bleaching of coral.},
}
@article {pmid39029900,
year = {2024},
author = {Yue, T and Dong, Y and Huo, Q and Li, W and Wang, X and Zhang, S and Fan, H and Wu, X and He, X and Zhao, Y and Li, D},
title = {Nicotinamide riboside alleviates ionizing radiation-induced intestinal senescence by alleviating oxidative damage and regulating intestinal metabolism.},
journal = {Journal of advanced research},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.jare.2024.07.010},
pmid = {39029900},
issn = {2090-1224},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: The intestine, frequently subjected to pelvic or abdominal radiotherapy, is particularly vulnerable to delayed effects of acute radiation exposure (DEARE) owing to its high radiation sensitivity. Radiation-induced intestinal senescence, a result of DEARE, profoundly affects the well-being and quality of life of radiotherapy patients. However, targeted pharmaceutical interventions for radiation-induced senescence are currently scarce. Our findings showcase that nicotinamide riboside(NR) effectively alleviates radiation-induced intestinal senescence, offering crucial implications for utilizing NR as a pharmacological agent to combat intestinal DEARE.<br><br>OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to investigate the ability of NR to reduce radiation induced intestinal senescence and explore its related mechanisms.<br><br>METHODS: Male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into CON, IR, and IR + NR groups. The mice in the IR and IR + NR groups were subjected to a 6.0 Gy &#x3b3;-ray total body exposure. After 8&#xa0;weeks, the mice in the IR + NR group received NR via gavage at a dose of 400&#xa0;mg/kg/d for 21&#xa0;days. Then the mice were used for sample collection.<br><br>RESULTS: Our results demonstrate that NR can significantly mitigate radiation-induced intestinal senescence. Furthermore, our findings indicate that NR can mitigate oxidative damage, restore the normal function of intestinal stem cells, regulate the disruption of the intestinal symbiotic ecosystem and address metabolic abnormalities. In addition, the underlying mechanisms involve the activation of SIRT6, SIRT7 and the inhibition of the mTORC1 pathway by NR.<br><br>CONCLUSION: In conclusion, our results reveal the substantial inhibitory effects of NR on radiation-induced intestinal senescence. These findings offer valuable insights into the potential therapeutic use of NR as a pharmacological agent for alleviating intestinal DEARE.},
}
@article {pmid39029750,
year = {2024},
author = {Cao, X and Liu, J and Zhang, L and Mao, W and Li, M and Wang, H and Sun, W},
title = {Response of soil microbial ecological functions and biological characteristics to organic fertilizer combined with biochar in dry direct-seeded paddy fields.},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
volume = {948},
number = {},
pages = {174844},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174844},
pmid = {39029750},
issn = {1879-1026},
abstract = {Biochar and organic fertilizer are commonly used to maintain soil health and sustainable agroecosystems, and the alternate wet-dry management of soil moisture in dry direct-seeded paddy fields can complicate the effects of biochar and organic fertilizer on soil microhabitats. Therefore, this study used chicken manure organic fertilizer to replace some of the inorganic fertilizer and applied biochar to explore the ability of biochar and organic fertilizer to regulate the functions of the soil microhabitat in dry direct-seeded paddy fields. The coupling effect of organic fertilizer and biochar increased the diversity and richness of soil bacteria but had no significant effect on soil fungi. Biochar and organic fertilizer affected the distribution and composition of soil bacteria and fungi, and the total number of soil bacteria and fungi increased by 1365 and -71 (5 t/hm[2] biochar and no organic fertilizer), 660 and 79 (10 t/hm[2] biochar and no organic fertilizer), 3121 and 7 (no biochar and 20 % organic fertilizer substitution), 1873 and -72 (5 t/hm[2] biochar and 20 % organic fertilizer substitution), and -544 and -65 (10 t/hm[2] biochar and 20 % organic fertilizer substitution), respectively, compared with that of the control treatment. Compared with the application of biochar alone, the coupling effect of biochar and organic fertilizer increased the average degree (0.95 and 0.16), links (190 and 32), and ratio of fungal positive links (1.651 %), and decreased the modularity (0.034 and 0.052) and ratio of bacterial positive links (6.482 %) of bacterial and fungal networks. In addition, the coupling effect resulted in a more complex association between soil microbial diversity and richness and microbial ecological functions. Random forest predictions indicated that, organic fertilizer as a random factor, changes in the abundance of bacterial Bacteroidetes and Nitrospirae and fungal Monoblepharomycota were the main factors driving the differences in soil microbial ecological functions.},
}
@article {pmid39029396,
year = {2024},
author = {Fan, X and Kong, L and Wang, J and Tan, Y and Xu, X and Li, M and Zhu, L},
title = {Surface-programmed microbiome assembly in phycosphere to microplastics contamination.},
journal = {Water research},
volume = {262},
number = {},
pages = {122064},
doi = {10.1016/j.watres.2024.122064},
pmid = {39029396},
issn = {1879-2448},
abstract = {Recalcitrance in microplastics accounts for ubiquitous white pollution. Of special interest are the capabilities of microorganisms to accelerate their degradation sustainably. Compared to the well-studied pure cultures in degrading natural polymers, the algal-bacterial symbiotic system is considered as a promising candidate for microplastics removal, cascading bottom-up impacts on ecosystem-scale processes. This study selected and enriched the algae-associated microbial communities hosted by the indigenous isolation Desmodesmus sp. in wastewater treatment plants with micro-polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene, and polystyrene contamination. Results elaborated that multiple settled and specific affiliates were recruited by the uniform algae protagonist from the biosphere under manifold microplastic stress. Alteration of distinct chemical functionalities and deformation of polymers provide direct evidence of degradation in phycosphere under illumination. Microplastic-induced phycosphere-derived DOM created spatial gradients of aromatic protein, fulvic and humic acid-like and tryptophan components to expanded niche-width. Surface thermodynamic analysis was conducted to simulate the reciprocal and reversible interaction on algal-bacterial and phycosphere-microplastic interface, revealing the enhancement of transition to stable and irreversible aggregation for functional microbiota colonization and microplastics capture. Furthermore, pangenomic analysis disclosed the genes related to the chemotaxis and the proposed microplastics biodegradation pathway in enriched algal-bacterial microbiome, orchestrating the evidence for common synthetic polymer particles and ultimately to confirm the effectiveness and potential. The present study emphasizes the necessity for future endeavors aimed at fully leveraging the potential of algal-bacterial mutualistic systems within sustainable bioremediation strategies targeting the eradication of microplastic waste.},
}
@article {pmid39028839,
year = {2024},
author = {Chien, H and Kuo, TY and Yao, CH and Su, YR and Chang, YT and Guo, ZL and Chang, KC and Hsieh, YH and Yang, SY},
title = {Nuclear factors NF-YC3 and NF-YBs positively regulate arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis in tomato.},
journal = {Plant physiology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/plphys/kiae381},
pmid = {39028839},
issn = {1532-2548},
abstract = {The involvement of nuclear factor Y (NF-Y) in transcriptional reprogramming during arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis has been demonstrated in several plant species. However, a comprehensive picture is lacking. We showed that the spatial expression of NF-YC3 was observed in cortical cells containing arbuscules via the cis-regulatory element GCC boxes. Moreover, the NF-YC3 promoter was transactivated by the combination of CYCLOPS and autoactive calcium and calmodulin-dependent kinase (CCaMK) via GCC boxes. Knockdown of NF-YC3 significantly reduced the abundance of all intraradical fungal structures and affected arbuscule size. BCP1, SbtM1, and WRI5a, whose expression associated with NF-YC3 levels, might be downstream of NF-YC3. NF-YC3 interacted with NF-YB3a, NF-YB5c, or NF-YB3b, in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and in planta, and interacted with NF-YA3a in yeast. Spatial expression of three NF-YBs was observed in all cell layers of roots under both mock and mycorrhizal conditions. Simultaneous knockdown of three NF-YBs, but not individually, reduced the fungal colonization level, suggesting that there might be functional redundancy of NF-YBs to regulate AM symbiosis. Collectively, our data suggest that NF-YC3 and NF-YBs positively regulate AM symbiosis in tomato, and arbuscule-related NF-YC3 may be an important downstream gene of the common symbiosis signaling pathway.},
}
@article {pmid39027904,
year = {2024},
author = {Li, Y and Zhang, B and Jiang, L and Cheng, T and Cheng, H and Qian, P},
title = {Gut microbiota plays pivotal roles in benign and malignant hematopoiesis.},
journal = {Blood science (Baltimore, Md.)},
volume = {6},
number = {4},
pages = {e00200},
pmid = {39027904},
issn = {2543-6368},
abstract = {Accumulated evidence emerges that dynamic changes in human gut microbiota and microbial metabolites can alter the ecological balance of symbiotic hosts. The gut microbiota plays a role in various diseases through different mechanisms. More and more attention has been paid to the effects that human microbiota extends beyond the gut. This review summarized the current understanding of the roles that gut microbiota plays in hematopoietic regulation and the occurrence and development of benign and malignant hematologic diseases. The progress of the application of microbiota in treatment was discussed in order to provide new insights into clinical diagnosis and treatment in the future.},
}
@article {pmid39027456,
year = {2024},
author = {Sorrentino, GP and Guimaraes, R and Cornelio, A and Zanoletti, A and Valentim, B and Bontempi, E},
title = {Mitigating CO2 emissions through an industrial symbiosis approach: Leveraging cork ash carbonation.},
journal = {Heliyon},
volume = {10},
number = {12},
pages = {e32893},
pmid = {39027456},
issn = {2405-8440},
abstract = {This study explores for the first time the potential use of carbonation as a method for managing cork ash, a byproduct of biomass waste incineration. Additionally, the cork ash was combined with fly ash from municipal solid waste incineration to leverage the carbonation reaction's ability to stabilize heavy metals. The findings suggest that subjecting biomass ash to carbonation can lead to the formation of mineral carbonates, effectively capturing CO2 and reducing its release into the atmosphere. The combination of various alkaline wastes and the stabilization of leachable heavy metals through carbonation reactions also opens opportunities for synergies between different industrial sectors. Finally, the study proposes a route for the obtained materials valorisation via 'end of waste': the reuse of the resulting materials as substitutes for natural resources, particularly in applications like building materials and polymer composites, can further enhance carbon dioxide savings.},
}
@article {pmid39026795,
year = {2024},
author = {Uppal, S and Waterworth, SC and Nick, A and Vogel, H and Flórez, LV and Kaltenpoth, M and Kwan, JC},
title = {Repeated horizontal acquisition of lagriamide-producing symbionts in Lagriinae beetles.},
journal = {bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1101/2024.01.23.576914},
pmid = {39026795},
issn = {2692-8205},
abstract = {Microbial symbionts associate with multicellular organisms on a continuum from facultative associations to mutual codependency. In some of the oldest intracellular symbioses there is exclusive vertical symbiont transmission, and co-diversification of symbiotic partners over millions of years. Such symbionts often undergo genome reduction due to low effective population sizes, frequent population bottlenecks, and reduced purifying selection. Here, we describe multiple independent acquisition events of closely related defensive symbionts followed by genome erosion in a group of Lagriinae beetles. Previous work in Lagria villosa revealed the dominant genome-eroded symbiont of the genus Burkholderia produces the antifungal compound lagriamide and protects the beetle's eggs and larvae from antagonistic fungi. Here, we use metagenomics to assemble 11 additional genomes of lagriamide-producing symbionts from seven different host species within Lagriinae from five countries, to unravel the evolutionary history of this symbiotic relationship. In each host species, we detected one dominant genome-eroded Burkholderia symbiont encoding the lagriamide biosynthetic gene cluster (BGC). Surprisingly, however, we did not find evidence for host-symbiont co-diversification, or for a monophyly of the lagriamide-producing symbionts. Instead, our analyses support at least four independent acquisition events of lagriamide-encoding symbionts and subsequent genome erosion in each of these lineages. By contrast, a clade of plant-associated relatives retained large genomes but secondarily lost the lagriamide BGC. In conclusion, our results reveal a dynamic evolutionary history with multiple independent symbiont acquisitions characterized by high degree of specificity. They highlight the importance of the specialized metabolite lagriamide for the establishment and maintenance of this defensive symbiosis.},
}
@article {pmid39025984,
year = {2024},
author = {Sikorskaya, TV and Ermolenko, EV and Ginanova, TT and Boroda, AV and Efimova, KV and Bogdanov, M},
title = {Membrane vectorial lipidomic features of coral host cells' plasma membrane and lipid profiles of their endosymbionts Cladocopium.},
journal = {Communications biology},
volume = {7},
number = {1},
pages = {878},
pmid = {39025984},
issn = {2399-3642},
support = {R01GM121493-6//U.S. Department of Health &amp; Human Services | NIH | National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS)/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Anthozoa/metabolism/physiology/microbiology ; *Symbiosis ; *Cell Membrane/metabolism ; *Lipidomics ; *Dinoflagellida/metabolism/physiology ; Membrane Lipids/metabolism ; },
abstract = {The symbiotic relationships between coral animal host and autotrophic dinoflagellates are based on the mutual exchange and tight control of nutritional inputs supporting successful growth. The corals Sinularia heterospiculata and Acropora aspera were cultivated using a flow-through circulation system supplying seawater during cold and warm seasons of the year, then sorted into host cells and symbionts and subjected to phylogenetic, morphological, and advanced lipid analyses. Here we show, that the lipidomes of the dinoflagellates Cladocopium C1/C3 and acroporide-specific Cladocopium hosted by the corals, are determined by lipidomic features of different thermosensitivity and unique betaine- and phospholipid molecular species. Phosphatidylserines and ceramiaminoethylphosphonates are not detected in the symbionts and predominantly localized on the inner leaflet of the S. heterospiculata host plasma membrane. The transmembrane distribution of phosphatidylethanolamines of S. heterospiculata host changes during different seasons of the year, possibly contributing to mutualistic nutritional exchange across this membrane complex to provide the host with a secure adaptive mechanism and ecological benefits.},
}
@article {pmid39025305,
year = {2024},
author = {Ahmad, A and Amin, KA and Ashraf, SS},
title = {Biological effects of culture medium on Tetraselmis chuii and Dunaliella tertiolecta: Implications for emerging pollutants degradation.},
journal = {Chemosphere},
volume = {363},
number = {},
pages = {142868},
doi = {10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142868},
pmid = {39025305},
issn = {1879-1298},
abstract = {In this study, laboratory-scale cultivation of T. chuii and D. tertiolecta was conducted using Conway, F/2, and TMRL media to evaluate their biochemical composition and economic costs. The highest cell density (30.36 × 10[6] cells/mL) and dry weight (0.65 g/L) for T. chuii were achieved with Conway medium. This medium also produced biomass with maximum lipid content (25.65%), proteins (27.84%), and total carbohydrates (8.45%) compared with F/2 and TMRL media. D. tertiolecta reached a maximum cell density of 17.50 × 10[6] cells/mL in F/2 medium, which was notably lower than that of T. chuii. Furthermore, the media cost varied from US$0.23 to US$0.74 for each 1 L of media, primarily due to the addition of Na3PO4, KNO3, and cyanocobalamin. Thus, biomass production rates varied between US$38.81 and US$128.80 per kg on a dry weight basis. These findings comprehensively compare laboratory conditions and the costs associated with biomass production in different media. Additionally, this study explored the potential of T. chuii and D. tertiolecta strains, as well as their consortia with bacteria, for the degradation of various emerging pollutants (EPs), including caffeine, salicylic acid, DEET, imidacloprid, MBT, cimetidine, venlafaxine, methylparaben, thiabendazole, and paracetamol. Both microalgal strains demonstrated effective degradation of EPs, with enhanced degradation observed in microalgae-bacterial consortia. These results suggest that the symbiotic relationship between microalgae and bacteria can be harnessed for the bioremediation of EPs, thereby offering valuable insights into the environmental applications of microalgal cultivation.},
}
@article {pmid39024451,
year = {2024},
author = {Wilde, J and Slack, E and Foster, KR},
title = {Host control of the microbiome: Mechanisms, evolution, and disease.},
journal = {Science (New York, N.Y.)},
volume = {385},
number = {6706},
pages = {eadi3338},
doi = {10.1126/science.adi3338},
pmid = {39024451},
issn = {1095-9203},
mesh = {Animals ; Humans ; *Biological Evolution ; Homeostasis ; *Host Microbial Interactions/genetics ; *Microbiota/genetics ; *Selection, Genetic ; *Symbiosis ; },
abstract = {Many species, including humans, host communities of symbiotic microbes. There is a vast literature on the ways these microbiomes affect hosts, but here we argue for an increased focus on how hosts affect their microbiomes. Hosts exert control over their symbionts through diverse mechanisms, including immunity, barrier function, physiological homeostasis, and transit. These mechanisms enable hosts to shape the ecology and evolution of microbiomes and generate natural selection for microbial traits that benefit the host. Our microbiomes result from a perpetual tension between host control and symbiont evolution, and we can leverage the host's evolved abilities to regulate the microbiota to prevent and treat disease. The study of host control will be central to our ability to both understand and manipulate microbiotas for better health.},
}
@article {pmid39024445,
year = {2024},
author = {Soyano, T and Akamatsu, A and Takeda, N and Watahiki, MK and Goh, T and Okuma, N and Suganuma, N and Kojima, M and Takebayashi, Y and Sakakibara, H and Nakajima, K and Kawaguchi, M},
title = {Periodic cytokinin responses in Lotus japonicus rhizobium infection and nodule development.},
journal = {Science (New York, N.Y.)},
volume = {385},
number = {6706},
pages = {288-294},
doi = {10.1126/science.adk5589},
pmid = {39024445},
issn = {1095-9203},
mesh = {*Cytokinins/metabolism ; Gene Expression Profiling ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; *Lotus/genetics/growth &amp; development/metabolism ; Mutation ; *Plant Root Nodulation ; *Root Nodules, Plant/growth &amp; development/microbiology ; Signal Transduction ; *Symbiosis ; *Mesorhizobium/genetics/physiology ; *Host Microbial Interactions ; },
abstract = {Host plants benefit from legume root nodule symbiosis with nitrogen-fixing bacteria under nitrogen-limiting conditions. In this interaction, the hosts must regulate nodule numbers and distribution patterns to control the degree of symbiosis and maintain root growth functions. The host response to symbiotic bacteria occurs discontinuously but repeatedly at the region behind the tip of the growing roots. Here, live-imaging and transcriptome analyses revealed oscillating host gene expression with approximately 6-hour intervals upon bacterial inoculation. Cytokinin response also exhibited a similar oscillation pattern. Cytokinin signaling is crucial to maintaining the periodicity, as observed in cytokinin receptor mutants displaying altered infection foci distribution. This periodic regulation influences the size of the root region responsive to bacteria, as well as the nodulation process progression.},
}
@article {pmid39023266,
year = {2024},
author = {Lyu, D and Duan, Q and Duan, R and Qin, S and Zheng, X and Lu, X and Bukai, A and Zhang, P and Han, H and He, Z and Sha, H and Wu, D and Xiao, M and Jing, H and Wang, X},
title = {Symbiosis of a lytic bacteriophage and Yersinia pestis and characteristics of plague in Marmota himalayana.},
journal = {Applied and environmental microbiology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e0099524},
doi = {10.1128/aem.00995-24},
pmid = {39023266},
issn = {1098-5336},
abstract = {Surveillance for animal plague was conducted in the Marmota himalayana plague focus of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau from 2020 to 2023. A 22.89% positive rate of serum F1 antibody was detected in live-caught marmots, alongside a 43.40% incidence of Yersinia pestis isolation from marmot carcasses. Marmot carcasses infected with plague exhibited a significantly higher spleen-somatic index (P < 0.05). Twenty-one Y. pestis-specific phages were isolated, among which one Y. pestis lytic phage (AKS2022HT87GU_phi) was isolated from the bone marrow of a marmot carcass (no. AKS2022HT87) and was found to be symbiotic with Y. pestis. Microscopy revealed the coexistence of lysed and non-lysed colonies of Y. pestis AKS2022HT87. Genome-wide analysis showed that certain strains of the Y. pestis AKS2022HT87 carried phage DNA fragments consistent with phage AKS2022HT87GU_phi. The rare symbiotic relationship between a lytic phage and Y. pestis observed in vitro was highlighted in this study, laying the basis for further exploring the relationship between Y. pestis and its bacteriophages.IMPORTANCEBacteriophages and host bacteria commonly coexist in vivo or in soil environments through complex and interdependent microbial interactions. However, recapitulating this symbiotic state remains challenging in vitro due to limited medium nutrients. In this work, the natural symbiosis between Yersinia pestis and specific phages has been discovered in a Marmota himalayana specimen. Epidemiological analysis presented the characteristics of the Y. pestis and specific phages in the area with a strong plague epidemic. Crucially, comparative genomics has been conducted to analyze the genetic changes in both the Y. pestis and phages over different periods, revealing the dynamic and evolving nature of their symbiosis. These are the critical steps to study the mechanism of the symbiosis.},
}
@article {pmid39023256,
year = {2024},
author = {Graebin, A and Amaral, KD and Lira, DC and Collares, LJ and Bernardes, RC and Turchen, LM and Della-Lucia, TMC and Guedes, RNC},
title = {Nasturtium leaf compounds, diphenyl disulfide and lyral, against Atta sexdens (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) and their symbiotic fungi.},
journal = {Journal of economic entomology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/jee/toae154},
pmid = {39023256},
issn = {1938-291X},
abstract = {Social insect pests, particularly leaf-cutting ants, present a considerable challenge in terms of control. Leaf-cutting ants are significant agricultural, forestry, and pasture pests, and understanding their behavior and defense mechanisms is essential for managing their colonies effectively. While toxic ant baits are a primary control method, the limited availability of effective insecticides and concerns over their hazardous nature has spurred the search for alternative solutions, particularly natural compounds, which aligns with the goals of forest certification groups. In the light of previous evidence demonstrating the efficacy of nasturtium leaves (Tropaeolum majus L. (Brassicales: Tropaeolaceae)) in suppressing leaf-cutting ant colonies, this study investigates 2 active components of nasturtium leaf extracts: diphenyl disulfide and lyral. We tested their impact on Atta sexdens (L.) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), the most prevalent leaf-cutter ant species in Brazil, and their symbiotic fungus, Leucoagaricus gongylophorus (Möller) Singer (Agaricales: Agaricaceae). We conducted experiments with increasing concentrations of diphenyl disulfide and lyral, assessing their effects on the symbiotic fungus and on forager workers and gardeners of A. sexdens colonies. Our findings revealed no fungicidal activity, and ant mortality was minimal in both topical and ingestion bioassays with the exception of gardeners topically exposed to diphenyl sulfide. Furthermore, the compounds did not affect leaf ingestion, but diphenyl disulfide did increase interactions among foragers. These results suggest that neither diphenyl disulfide nor lyral are the primary contributors to the suppression of leaf-cutting ant colonies by nasturtium leaves. However, they may enhance the formicidal activity of other compounds present in nasturtium leaves.},
}
@article {pmid39022956,
year = {2024},
author = {He, LL and Liu, YR and Liu, WR and Wang, JF and Yu, YH and Qian, FY},
title = {[Rapid Start-up of Continuous Autotrophic Nitrogen Removal Reactor by Hybrid-inoculating PN and PN/A Granular Sludges].},
journal = {Huan jing ke xue= Huanjing kexue},
volume = {45},
number = {7},
pages = {4082-4089},
doi = {10.13227/j.hjkx.202308176},
pmid = {39022956},
issn = {0250-3301},
mesh = {*Bioreactors/microbiology ; *Nitrogen/metabolism/isolation &amp; purification ; *Waste Disposal, Fluid/methods ; *Sewage/microbiology ; *Autotrophic Processes ; Bacteria/metabolism/isolation &amp; purification/genetics ; Wastewater/chemistry ; Ammonium Compounds/metabolism/isolation &amp; purification ; },
abstract = {The rapid cultivation of partial nitritation/ANAMMOX （PN/A） granular sludge in a continuous-flow mode is one of the key technologies for efficient biological nitrogen removal in domestic wastewater treatment. Compared with that in PN/A granular sludge, PN granular sludge demonstrates a shorter incubation period and suitability for batch culture. It is also a good carrier for enriching ANAMMOX （AMX） bacteria. In this study, we established a continuous-flow autotrophic nitrogen removal process in three continuously stirred tank reactors （CSTR） （R1-R3） by hybrid-inoculating PN/A and PN granular sludge at the mass ratios of 3∶1, 1∶1, and 1∶3, respectively. By implementing high ammonium nitrogen loading and short hydraulic retention time, continuous autotrophic nitrogen removal processes were successfully started up in the three CSTRs. The results showed that compared with that of R1 and R2, R3 had a longer start-up time but a similar steady-state nitrogen removal performance. The total nitrogen removal load of R3 could be more than 2.6 kg·（m[3]·d）[-1]. Intriguingly, the inoculated PN granular sludge served as a precursor for PN/A granular sludge cultivation. This approach facilitated the enrichment of anaerobic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria （AMX） by introducing abundant ammonium-oxidizing bacteria （AOB） and nitrite nitrogen substrates into the CSTR. According to the results of high-throughput sequencing, the microbial abundance and diversity of the mature granules in R1-R3 were significantly higher than those of the inoculation sludge. AOB （genus Nitrosomonas）, AMX （genera Candidatus Kuenenia and Candidatus Brocadia）, and symbiotic heterotrophs, such as Chloroflexi, Bacteroidetes, and Chlorobi, drove the autotrophic nitrogen removal process and maintained the stability of the granular structure. In summary, a novel start-up strategy of hybrid-inoculating granular sludge was provided for a continuous-flow autotrophic nitrogen removal in engineering application.},
}
@article {pmid39021943,
year = {2024},
author = {Idowu, AP and Yamamoto, K and Koizumi, T and Matsutani, M and Takada, K and Shiwa, Y and Asfaw, A and Matsumoto, R and Ouyabe, M and Pachakkil, B and Kikuno, H and Shiwachi, H},
title = {Changes in the rhizosphere and root-associated bacteria community of white Guinea yam (Dioscorea rotundata Poir.) impacted by genotype and nitrogen fertilization.},
journal = {Heliyon},
volume = {10},
number = {12},
pages = {e33169},
pmid = {39021943},
issn = {2405-8440},
abstract = {The bacterial diversity and composition of water yam (Dioscorea alata L. cv. A-19), which can grow without chemical fertilization, have recently been characterized with no significant differences compared with the use of chemical fertilization. However, the diversity and community structure of bacteria associated with the white Guinea yam (Dioscorea rotundata), the most cultivated and economically important yam in West Africa, have not yet been investigated. This study characterized the bacterial diversity and composition associated with bulk soil, rhizosphere, and plant roots in six white Guinea yam genotypes (S004, S020, S032, S042, S058, and S074) in field experiments in Ibadan, Nigeria under N-based chemical fertilizer application. The largest diversity of bacteria was found in the bulk soil, followed by the rhizosphere and roots. Based on the alpha diversity analysis, the bacterial diversity in both S020 and S042 increased with fertilizer application among the bulk soil samples. S058 grown under no-fertilizer conditions had the highest bacterial diversity among the rhizosphere samples. Beta diversity analysis highlighted the significant difference in the composition of bacteria associated with the genotypes and fertilizer treatments, and S032 had a unique bacterial composition compared to the other genotypes. The dominant phylum across all sample types was Proteobacteria. Actinobacteriota was the dominant phylum among bulk soil samples. At the genus level, Bacillus was the most abundant bacterial genus across both the control and treated samples. Pseudomonas was predominant across all rhizosphere samples. Chryseobacterium, Sphingobium, Delftia and Klebsiella associated with the rhizosphere were shown the altered relative abundance between the control and treated samples depending on genotypes. A genus related to symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria, the Allorhizobium-Neorhizobium-Pararhizobium-Rhizobium clade, showed higher relative abundance among all root samples, indicating that it is a core bacterial genus. Furthermore, the field application of chemical fertilizer had a significant impact on the relative abundances of two genera related to symbiotic nitrogen-fixers, Allorhizobium-Neorhizobium-Pararhizobium-Rhizobium clade and Bradyrhizobium in the rhizosphere and root. These results suggest that N-based chemical fertilizers and plant genotypes would influence the compositional arrangement of associated bacterial communities, including symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria.},
}
@article {pmid39021621,
year = {2024},
author = {Aihetanmu, S and Liang, Z and Zhang, X and Luo, B and Zhang, H and Huang, J and Tian, F and Sun, H and Ni, Y},
title = {Genetic specialization of key bifidobacterial phylotypes in multiple mother-infant dyad cohorts from geographically isolated populations.},
journal = {Frontiers in microbiology},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1399743},
pmid = {39021621},
issn = {1664-302X},
abstract = {Little has been known about symbiotic relationships and host specificity for symbionts in the human gut microbiome so far. Bifidobacteria are a paragon of the symbiotic bacteria biota in the human gut. In this study, we characterized the population genetic structure of three bifidobacteria species from 58 healthy mother-infant pairs of three ethnic groups in China, geographically isolated, by Rep-PCR, multi-locus sequence analysis (MLSA), and in vitro carbohydrate utilization. One hundred strains tested were incorporated into 50 sequence types (STs), of which 29 STs, 17 STs, and 4 STs belong to B. longum subsp. longum, B. breve, and B. animalis subsp. lactis, respectively. The conspecific strains from the same mother-child pair were genetically very similar, supporting the vertical transmission of Bifidobacterium phylotypes from mother to offspring. In particular, results based on allele profiles and phylogeny showed that B. longum subsp. longum and B. breve exhibited considerable intraspecies genetic heterogeneity across three ethnic groups, and strains were clustered into ethnicity-specific lineages. Yet almost all strains of B. animalis subsp. lactis were incorporated into the same phylogenetic clade, regardless of ethnic origin. Our findings support the hypothesis of co-evolution between human gut symbionts and their respective populations, which is closely linked to the lifestyle of specific bacterial lineages. Hence, the natural and evolutionary history of Bifidobacterium species would be an additional consideration when selecting bifidobacterial strains for industrial and therapeutic applications.},
}
@article {pmid39021394,
year = {2024},
author = {Nakhforoosh, A and Hallin, E and Karunakaran, C and Korbas, M and Stobbs, J and Kochian, L},
title = {Visualization and Quantitative Evaluation of Functional Structures of Soybean Root Nodules via Synchrotron X-ray Imaging.},
journal = {Plant phenomics (Washington, D.C.)},
volume = {6},
number = {},
pages = {0203},
pmid = {39021394},
issn = {2643-6515},
abstract = {The efficiency of N2-fixation in legume-rhizobia symbiosis is a function of root nodule activity. Nodules consist of 2 functionally important tissues: (a) a central infected zone (CIZ), colonized by rhizobia bacteria, which serves as the site of N2-fixation, and (b) vascular bundles (VBs), serving as conduits for the transport of water, nutrients, and fixed nitrogen compounds between the nodules and plant. A quantitative evaluation of these tissues is essential to unravel their functional importance in N2-fixation. Employing synchrotron-based x-ray microcomputed tomography (SR-μCT) at submicron resolutions, we obtained high-quality tomograms of fresh soybean root nodules in a non-invasive manner. A semi-automated segmentation algorithm was employed to generate 3-dimensional (3D) models of the internal root nodule structure of the CIZ and VBs, and their volumes were quantified based on the reconstructed 3D structures. Furthermore, synchrotron x-ray fluorescence imaging revealed a distinctive localization of Fe within CIZ tissue and Zn within VBs, allowing for their visualization in 2 dimensions. This study represents a pioneer application of the SR-μCT technique for volumetric quantification of CIZ and VB tissues in fresh, intact soybean root nodules. The proposed methods enable the exploitation of root nodule's anatomical features as novel traits in breeding, aiming to enhance N2-fixation through improved root nodule activity.},
}
@article {pmid39021362,
year = {2024},
author = {Li, C and Han, Y and Zou, X and Zhang, X and Ran, Q and Dong, C},
title = {A systematic discussion and comparison of the construction methods of synthetic microbial community.},
journal = {Synthetic and systems biotechnology},
volume = {9},
number = {4},
pages = {775-783},
pmid = {39021362},
issn = {2405-805X},
abstract = {Synthetic microbial community has widely concerned in the fields of agriculture, food and environment over the past few years. However, there is little consensus on the method to synthetic microbial community from construction to functional verification. Here, we review the concept, characteristics, history and applications of synthetic microbial community, summarizing several methods for synthetic microbial community construction, such as isolation culture, core microbiome mining, automated design, and gene editing. In addition, we also systematically summarized the design concepts, technological thresholds, and applicable scenarios of various construction methods, and highlighted their advantages and limitations. Ultimately, this review provides four efficient, detailed, easy-to-understand and -follow steps for synthetic microbial community construction, with major implications for agricultural practices, food production, and environmental governance.},
}
@article {pmid39021277,
year = {2024},
author = {Shah, I and Sarim, KM and Sikka, VK and Dudeja, SS and Gahlot, DK},
title = {Developed Rhizobium Strains Enhance Soil Fertility and Yield of Legume Crops in Haryana, India.},
journal = {Journal of basic microbiology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e2400327},
doi = {10.1002/jobm.202400327},
pmid = {39021277},
issn = {1521-4028},
support = {//This research was funded by the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) under the Emeritus Scientist Scheme (Agri.Edu/9/19/2016/ES/HRD-5298 C(b) MBBB-10-ICAR). Open Access funding was provided by Ume&#xe5; University, Sweden./ ; },
abstract = {Three strains of Gram-negative bacterium, Rhizobium, were developed by gamma (γ)-irradiation random mutagenesis. The developed strains were evaluated for their augmented features for symbiotic association, nitrogen fixation, and crop yield of three leguminous plants-chickpea, field-pea, and lentil-in agricultural fields of the northern Indian state of Haryana. Crops treated with developed mutants exhibited significant improvement in plant features and the yield of crops when compared to the control-uninoculated crops and crops grown with indigenous or commercial crop-specific strains of Rhizobium. This improvement was attributed to generated mutants, MbPrRz1 (on chickpea), MbPrRz2 (on lentil), and MbPrRz3 (on field-pea). Additionally, the cocultured symbiotic response of MbPrRz1 and MbPrRz2 mutants was found to be more pronounced on all three crops. The statistical analysis using Pearson's correlation coefficients revealed that nodulation and plant biomass were the most related parameters of crop yield. Among the effectiveness of developed mutants, MbPrRz1 yielded the best results for all three tested crops. Moreover, the developed mutants enhanced macro- and micronutrients of the experimental fields when compared with fields harboring the indigenous rhizobial community. These developed mutants were further genetically characterized, predominantly expressing nitrogen fixation marker, nifH, and appeared to belong to Mesorhizobium ciceri (MbPrRz1) and Rhizobium leguminosarum (both MbPrRz2 and MbPrRz3). In summary, this study highlights the potential of developed Rhizobium mutants as effective biofertilizers for sustainable agriculture, showcasing their ability to enhance symbiotic relationships, crop yield, and soil fertility.},
}
@article {pmid39020961,
year = {2024},
author = {Adhikari, SK},
title = {Quasi-one- and quasi-two-dimensional symbiotic solitons bound by dipolar interaction.},
journal = {Physical review. E},
volume = {109},
number = {6-1},
pages = {064206},
doi = {10.1103/PhysRevE.109.064206},
pmid = {39020961},
issn = {2470-0053},
abstract = {We study the formation of quasi-one- (quasi-1D) and quasi-two-dimensional (quasi-2D) symbiotic solitons bound by an interspecies dipolar interaction in a binary dipolar Bose-Einstein condensate. These binary solitons have a repulsive intraspecies contact interaction stronger than the intraspecies dipolar interaction, so that they can not be bound in isolation in the absence of an interspecies dipolar interaction. These symbiotic solitons are bound in the presence of an interspecies dipolar interaction and zero interspecies contact interaction. The quasi-1D solitons are free to move along the polarization z direction of the dipolar atoms, whereas the quasi-2D solitons move in the x-z plane. To illustrate these, we consider a ^{164}
Er-^{166}
Er mixture with scattering lengths a(^{164}
Er)=81a_{0}
and a(^{166}
Er)=68a_{0}
and with dipolar lengths a_{dd}
(^{164}
Er)≈a_{dd}
(^{166}
Er)≈65a_{0},
where a_{0}
is the Bohr radius. In each of the two components a>a_{dd},
which stops the binding of solitons in each component in isolation, whereas a binary quasi-1D or a quasi-2D ^{164}
Er-^{166}
Er soliton is bound in the presence of an interspecies dipolar interaction. The stationary states were obtained by imaginary-time propagation of the underlying mean-field model; dynamical stability of the solitons was established by real-time propagation over a long period of time.},
}
@article {pmid39020319,
year = {2024},
author = {Fang, CC and Liu, YH and Huang, SH},
title = {The symbiotic experiences of residents with and without dementia co-living in Taiwan's long-term care facilities: a phenomenological study.},
journal = {BMC geriatrics},
volume = {24},
number = {1},
pages = {611},
pmid = {39020319},
issn = {1471-2318},
mesh = {Humans ; Taiwan/epidemiology ; *Dementia/psychology/epidemiology ; Male ; *Long-Term Care/psychology ; Female ; Aged ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Aged, 80 and over ; Nursing Homes ; Middle Aged ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: In Taiwan, residents with and without dementia mostly co-live in long-term care facilities. The behavioral and psychiatric symptoms of dementia residents often pose challenges for others living together. This study explored the symbiotic experiences of residents without dementia co-living with those with dementia in long-term care facilities in Taiwan to present their experiences of living together.<br><br>METHODS: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study with a phenomenological design. Semi-structured face-to-face interviews were conducted with 30 residents without dementia from three long-term care institutions in Taiwan. Colaizzi's data processing steps were used for analysis.<br><br>RESULTS: The analysis of interview transcripts revealed that the experiences of residents who lived with those with dementia were that of a "symbiosis." Three core themes were found: "the impact of co-living," "facing difficulties and coping," and "companionship and reciprocity." This study showed that residents without dementia may be affected by the behavioral and psychiatric symptoms of residents with dementia when co-living in long-term care facilities. However, there are also positive and mutually beneficial interactions between them. By helping people with dementia in their daily lives, residents without dementia feel happy and accomplished and their self-worth is enhanced. Furthermore, residents with dementia have more opportunities for social engagement and co-living interactions.<br><br>CONCLUSION: These results can guide long-term care facilities without special care dementia units to support residents without dementia, reduce the interference of the behavioral and psychiatric symptoms of residents with dementia, and promote mutual benefits. However, these findings warrant further investigation.},
}
@article {pmid39018775,
year = {2024},
author = {Ren, J and Cui, Z and Wang, Y and Ning, Q and Gao, Y},
title = {Transcriptomic insights into the potential impacts of flavonoids and nodule-specific cysteine-rich peptides on nitrogen fixation in Vicia villosa and Vicia sativa.},
journal = {Plant physiology and biochemistry : PPB},
volume = {214},
number = {},
pages = {108936},
doi = {10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108936},
pmid = {39018775},
issn = {1873-2690},
abstract = {Vicia villosa (VV) and Vicia sativa (VS) are legume forages highly valued for their excellent nitrogen fixation. However, no research has addressed the mechanisms underlying their differences in nitrogen fixation. This study employed physiological, cytological, and comparative transcriptomic approaches to elucidate the disparities in nitrogen fixation between them. Our results showed that the total amount of nitrogen fixed was 60.45% greater in VV than in VS, and the comprehensive nitrogen response performance was 94.19% greater, while the nitrogen fixation efficiency was the same. The infection zone and differentiated bacteroid proportion in mature VV root nodules were 33.76% and 19.35% greater, respectively, than those in VS. The size of the VV genome was 15.16% larger than that of the VS genome, consistent with its greater biomass. A significant enrichment of the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway was found only for VV-specific genes, among which chalcone-flavonone isomerase, caffeoyl-CoA-O-methyltransferase and stilbene synthase were extremely highly expressed. The VV-specific genes also exhibited significant enrichment in symbiotic nodulation; genes related to nodule-specific cysteine-rich peptides (NCRs) comprised 61.11% of the highly expressed genes. qRT‒PCR demonstrated that greater enrichment and expression of the dominant NCR (Unigene0004451) were associated with greater nodule bacteroid differentiation and greater nitrogen fixation in VV. Our findings suggest that the greater total nitrogen fixation of VV was attributed to its larger biomass, leading to a greater nitrogen demand and enhanced fixation physiology. This process is likely achieved by the synergistic effects of high bacteroid differentiation along with high expression of flavonoid and NCR genes.},
}
@article {pmid39018459,
year = {2024},
author = {Kho, K and Cheng, T and Buddelmeijer, N and Boneca, IG},
title = {When the Host Encounters the Cell Wall and Vice Versa.},
journal = {Annual review of microbiology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1146/annurev-micro-041522-094053},
pmid = {39018459},
issn = {1545-3251},
abstract = {Peptidoglycan (PGN) and associated surface structures such as secondary polymers and capsules have a central role in the physiology of bacteria. The exoskeletal PGN heteropolymer is the major determinant of cell shape and allows bacteria to withstand cytoplasmic turgor pressure. Thus, its assembly, expansion, and remodeling during cell growth and division need to be highly regulated to avoid compromising cell survival. Similarly, regulation of the assembly impacts bacterial cell shape; distinct shapes enhance fitness in different ecological niches, such as the host. Because bacterial cell wall components, in particular PGN, are exposed to the environment and unique to bacteria, these have been coopted during evolution by eukaryotes to detect bacteria. Furthermore, the essential role of the cell wall in bacterial survival has made PGN an important signaling molecule in the dialog between host and microbes and a target of many host responses. Millions of years of coevolution have resulted in a pivotal role for PGN fragments in shaping host physiology and in establishing a long-lasting symbiosis between microbes and the host. Thus, perturbations of this dialog can lead to pathologies such as chronic inflammatory diseases. Similarly, pathogens have devised sophisticated strategies to manipulate the system to enhance their survival and growth.},
}
@article {pmid39018411,
year = {2024},
author = {Shoham, S and Keren, R and Lavy, A and Polishchuk, I and Pokroy, B and Ilan, M},
title = {Out of the blue: Hyperaccumulation of molybdenum in the Indo-Pacific sponge Theonella conica.},
journal = {Science advances},
volume = {10},
number = {29},
pages = {eadn3923},
pmid = {39018411},
issn = {2375-2548},
mesh = {*Molybdenum/metabolism ; Animals ; *Porifera/metabolism ; Indian Ocean ; Pacific Ocean ; },
abstract = {Molybdenum is an essential micronutrient, but because of its toxicity at high concentrations, its accumulation in living organisms has not been widely demonstrated. In this study, we report that the marine sponge Theonella conica accumulates exceptionally high levels of molybdenum (46,793 micrograms per gram of dry weight) in a wide geographic distribution from the northern Red Sea to the reefs of Zanzibar, Indian Ocean. The element is found in various sponge body fractions and correlates to selenium. We further investigated the microbial composition of the sponge and compared it to its more studied congener, Theonella swinhoei. Our analysis illuminates the symbiotic bacterium Entotheonella sp. and its role in molybdenum accumulation. Through microscopic and analytical methods, we provide evidence of intracellular spheres within Entotheonella sp. that exhibit high molybdenum content, further unraveling the intricate mechanisms behind molybdenum accumulation in this sponge species and its significance in the broader context of molybdenum biogeochemical cycling.},
}
@article {pmid39016123,
year = {2024},
author = {Scott, TJ and Queller, DC and Strassmann, JE},
title = {Complex third-party effects in the Dictyostelium-Paraburkholderia symbiosis: prey bacteria that are eaten, carried or left behind.},
journal = {Proceedings. Biological sciences},
volume = {291},
number = {2027},
pages = {20241111},
pmid = {39016123},
issn = {1471-2954},
support = {DEB-1753743, IOS-1656756, DEB-2237266//National Science Foundation/ ; },
mesh = {*Dictyostelium/physiology/microbiology ; *Symbiosis ; Burkholderiaceae/physiology ; },
abstract = {Symbiotic interactions may change depending on third parties like predators or prey. Third-party interactions with prey bacteria are central to the symbiosis between Dictyostelium discoideum social amoeba hosts and Paraburkholderia bacterial symbionts. Symbiosis with inedible Paraburkholderia allows host D. discoideum to carry prey bacteria through the dispersal stage where hosts aggregate and develop into fruiting bodies that disperse spores. Carrying prey bacteria benefits hosts when prey are scarce but harms hosts when prey bacteria are plentiful, possibly because hosts leave some prey bacteria behind while carrying. Thus, understanding benefits and costs in this symbiosis requires measuring how many prey bacteria are eaten, carried and left behind by infected hosts. We found that Paraburkholderia infection makes hosts leave behind both symbionts and prey bacteria. However, the number of prey bacteria left uneaten was too small to explain why infected hosts produced fewer spores than uninfected hosts. Turning to carried bacteria, we found that hosts carry prey bacteria more often after developing in prey-poor environments than in prey-rich ones. This suggests that carriage is actively modified to ensure hosts have prey in the harshest conditions. Our results show that multi-faceted interactions with third parties shape the evolution of symbioses in complex ways.},
}
@article {pmid39014094,
year = {2024},
author = {Duan, S and Feng, G and Limpens, E and Bonfante, P and Xie, X and Zhang, L},
title = {Cross-kingdom nutrient exchange in the plant-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus-bacterium continuum.},
journal = {Nature reviews. Microbiology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {39014094},
issn = {1740-1534},
abstract = {The association between plants and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) affects plant performance and ecosystem functioning. Recent studies have identified AMF-associated bacteria as cooperative partners that participate in AMF-plant symbiosis: specific endobacteria live inside AMF, and hyphospheric bacteria colonize the soil that surrounds the extraradical hyphae. In this Review, we describe the concept of a plant-AMF-bacterium continuum, summarize current advances and provide perspectives on soil microbiology. First, we review the top-down carbon flow and the bottom-up mineral flow (especially phosphorus and nitrogen) in this continuum, as well as how AMF-bacteria interactions influence the biogeochemical cycling of nutrients (for example, carbon, phosphorus and nitrogen). Second, we discuss how AMF interact with hyphospheric bacteria or endobacteria to regulate nutrient exchange between plants and AMF, and the possible molecular mechanisms that underpin this continuum. Finally, we explore future prospects for studies on the hyphosphere to facilitate the utilization of AMF and hyphospheric bacteria in sustainable agriculture.},
}
@article {pmid39013300,
year = {2024},
author = {Tewari, N and Dey, P},
title = {Navigating commensal dysbiosis: Gastrointestinal host-pathogen interplay orchestrating opportunistic infections.},
journal = {Microbiological research},
volume = {286},
number = {},
pages = {127832},
doi = {10.1016/j.micres.2024.127832},
pmid = {39013300},
issn = {1618-0623},
abstract = {The gut commensals, which are usually symbiotic or non-harmful bacteria that live in the gastrointestinal tract, have a positive impact on the health of the host. This review, however, specifically discuss distinct conditions where commensals aid in the development of pathogenic opportunistic infections. We discuss that the categorization of gut bacteria as either pathogens or non-pathogens depends on certain circumstances, which are significantly affected by the tissue microenvironment and the dynamic host-microbe interaction. Under favorable circumstances, commensals have the ability to transform into opportunistic pathobionts by undergoing overgrowth. These conditions include changes in the host's physiology, simultaneous infection with other pathogens, effective utilization of nutrients, interactions between different species of bacteria, the formation of protective biofilms, genetic mutations that enhance pathogenicity, acquisition of genes associated with virulence, and the ability to avoid the host's immune response. These processes allow commensals to both initiate infections themselves and aid other pathogens in populating the host. This review highlights the need of having a detailed and sophisticated knowledge of the two-sided nature of gut commensals. Although commensals mostly promote health, they may also become harmful in certain changes in the environment or the body's functioning. This highlights the need of acknowledging the intricate equilibrium in interactions between hosts and microbes, which is crucial for preserving intestinal homeostasis and averting diseases. Finally, we also emphasize the further need of research to better understand and anticipate the behavior of gut commensals in different situations, since they play a crucial and varied role in human health and disease.},
}
@article {pmid39013023,
year = {2024},
author = {Ni, H and Hou, X and Tian, S and Liu, C and Zhang, G and Peng, Y and Chen, L and Wang, J and Chen, Q and Xin, D},
title = {Insights into the Early Steps of the Symbiotic Interaction between Soybean (Glycine max) and Sinorhizobium fredii Symbiosis Using Transcriptome, Small RNA, and Degradome Sequencing.},
journal = {Journal of agricultural and food chemistry},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1021/acs.jafc.4c02312},
pmid = {39013023},
issn = {1520-5118},
abstract = {Symbiotic nitrogen fixation carried out by the soybean-rhizobia symbiosis increases soybean yield and reduces the amount of nitrogen fertilizer that has been applied. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are crucial in plant growth and development, prompting an investigation into their role in the symbiotic interaction of soybean with partner rhizobia. Through integrated small RNA, transcriptome, and degradome sequencing analysis, 1215 known miRNAs, 314 of them conserved, and 187 novel miRNAs were identified, with 44 differentially expressed miRNAs in soybean roots inoculated with Sinorhizobium fredii HH103 and a ttsI mutant. The study unveiled that the known miRNA gma-MIR398a-p5 was downregulated in the presence of the ttsI mutation, while the target gene of gma-MIR398a-p5, Glyma.06G007500, associated with nitrogen metabolism, was upregulated. The results of this study offer insights for breeding high-efficiency nitrogen-fixing soybean varieties, enhancing crop yield and quality.},
}
@article {pmid39012965,
year = {2024},
author = {Drapek, C and Rizza, A and Mohd-Radzman, NA and Schiessl, K and Dos Santos Barbosa, F and Wen, J and Oldroyd, GED and Jones, AM},
title = {GA dynamics governing nodulation revealed using GIBBERELLIN PERCEPTION SENSOR 2 in Medicago truncatula lateral organs.},
journal = {The Plant cell},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/plcell/koae201},
pmid = {39012965},
issn = {1532-298X},
abstract = {During nutrient scarcity, plants can adapt their developmental strategy to maximize their chance of survival. Such plasticity in development is underpinned by hormonal regulation, which mediates the relationship between environmental cues and developmental outputs. In legumes, endosymbiosis with nitrogen fixing bacteria (rhizobia) is a key adaptation for supplying the plant with nitrogen in the form of ammonium. Rhizobia are housed in lateral root-derived organs termed nodules that maintain an environment conducive to Nitrogenase in these bacteria. Several phytohormones are important for regulating the formation of nodules, with both positive and negative roles proposed for gibberellin (GA). In this study, we determine the cellular location and function of bioactive GA during nodule organogenesis using a genetically-encoded second generation GA biosensor, GIBBERELLIN PERCEPTION SENSOR 2 in Medicago truncatula. We find endogenous bioactive GA accumulates locally at the site of nodule primordia, increasing dramatically in the cortical cell layers, persisting through cell divisions and maintaining accumulation in the mature nodule meristem. We show, through mis-expression of GA catabolic enzymes that suppress GA accumulation, that GA acts as a positive regulator of nodule growth and development. Furthermore, increasing or decreasing GA through perturbation of biosynthesis gene expression can increase or decrease the size of nodules, respectively. This is unique from lateral root formation, a developmental program that shares common organogenesis regulators. We link GA to a wider gene regulatory program by showing that nodule-identity genes induce and sustain GA accumulation necessary for proper nodule formation.},
}
@article {pmid39012828,
year = {2024},
author = {Sgroi, M and Hoey, D and Medina Jimenez, K and Bowden, SL and Hope, M and Wallington, EJ and Schornack, S and Bravo, A and Paszkowski, U},
title = {The receptor-like kinase ARK controls symbiotic balance across land plants.},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
volume = {121},
number = {30},
pages = {e2318982121},
doi = {10.1073/pnas.2318982121},
pmid = {39012828},
issn = {1091-6490},
support = {BB/M011194/1//UKRI | Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC)/ ; BB/P003176/1//UKRI | Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC)/ ; BB/P003419/1//UKRI | Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC)/ ; BB/V002295/1//UKRI | Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC)/ ; },
mesh = {*Symbiosis/genetics ; *Mycorrhizae/physiology/genetics ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; *Embryophyta/genetics ; *Plant Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Marchantia/genetics/microbiology ; Phylogeny ; },
abstract = {The mutualistic arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis arose in land plants more than 450 million years ago and is still widely found in all major land plant lineages. Despite its broad taxonomic distribution, little is known about the molecular components underpinning symbiosis outside of flowering plants. The ARBUSCULAR RECEPTOR-LIKE KINASE (ARK) is required for sustaining AM symbiosis in distantly related angiosperms. Here, we demonstrate that ARK has an equivalent role in symbiosis maintenance in the bryophyte Marchantia paleacea and is part of a broad AM genetic program conserved among land plants. In addition, our comparative transcriptome analysis identified evolutionarily conserved expression patterns for several genes in the core symbiotic program required for presymbiotic signaling, intracellular colonization, and nutrient exchange. This study provides insights into the molecular pathways that consistently associate with AM symbiosis across land plants and identifies an ancestral role for ARK in governing symbiotic balance.},
}
@article {pmid39012539,
year = {2024},
author = {Zeb, A and Khan, Y and He, H and Zhang, D and Shen, S},
title = {Molecular identification of Halomonas AZ07 and its multifunctional enzymatic activities to degrade Pyropia yezoensis under high-temperature condition.},
journal = {Molecular biology reports},
volume = {51},
number = {1},
pages = {816},
pmid = {39012539},
issn = {1573-4978},
mesh = {*Halomonas/genetics/metabolism/enzymology ; *RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics ; Hot Temperature ; Rhodophyta/genetics ; Phylogeny ; Microbiota/genetics ; Seaweed/metabolism/microbiology ; Temperature ; Edible Seaweeds ; Porphyra ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Pyropia yezoensis a commercially important red seaweed species, is susceptible to various microorganisms infections, among which bacterial infections are the most prominent ones. Pyropia yezoensis is often affected by harmful bacterial communities under high temperatures that can lead to its degradation and economic losses. The current study aimed to explore Pyropia yezoensis-associated microbiota and further identify potential isolates, which can degrade Pyropia yezoensis under high-temperature conditions.<br><br>METHODS AND RESULTS: The 16S rRNA gene sequencing was used to identify the agarolytic bacterial species. The results showed that Chromohalobacter sp. strain AZ6, Pseudoalteromonas sp. strain AZ, Psychrobacter sp. strain AZ3, Vibrio sp. strain AZ, and Halomonas sp. strain AZ07 exhibited algicidal properties as these strains were more abundant at high temperature (25&#xa0;&#xb0;C). Among the five isolated strains, the potential isolate Halomonas sp. strain AZ07 showed high production of agarolytic enzymes, including lipase, protease, cellulase, and amylase. This study confirmed that the isolated strain could produce these four different enzymes. The strain Halomonas AZ07 was co-treated with Pyropia yezoensis cells under two different temperature environments, including 13&#xa0;&#xb0;C and 25&#xa0;&#xb0;C. The degradation of Pyropia yezoensis occurred at the optimum temperature of 25&#xa0;&#xb0;C and effectively degraded their cell wall, proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates.<br><br>CONCLUSION: The successful cultivation of Pyropia yezoensis in coastal farm environments is dependent on specific temperature and environmental factors, and lower temperatures have been observed to be particularly beneficial for the survival and growth of Pyropia yezoensis. The temperature below 13&#xa0;&#xb0;C was confirmed to be the best niche for the symbiotic relationship of microbiota associated with Pyropia yezoensis for its growth, development, and production.},
}
@article {pmid39012472,
year = {2024},
author = {Huang, J and Xu, J and Zhang, H and Liu, J and He, C},
title = {Combined Effects of Tetracycline and Copper Ion on Microorganisms During the Biological Phosphorus Removal.},
journal = {Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology},
volume = {113},
number = {2},
pages = {13},
pmid = {39012472},
issn = {1432-0800},
support = {2023t07010002//The Anhui Provincial Key Research and Development Project/ ; 2022AH010019//The Natural Science Project for Colleges of Anhui Province/ ; (DTR2023029)//The project for cultivating academic (or disciplinary) leaders/ ; (52300022)//The national Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; },
mesh = {*Phosphorus ; *Tetracycline/pharmacology ; *Copper/toxicity ; *Water Pollutants, Chemical ; *Wastewater/chemistry/microbiology ; Waste Disposal, Fluid/methods ; Bacteria/drug effects/metabolism ; },
abstract = {Tetracycline and copper ion are common pollutants in wastewater, and the effects of mixed pollutants on microorganisms in wastewater biological treatment have been less studied. In order to reveal the effects of mixed pollutants of tetracycline and copper ion on the microorganisms during the biological phosphorus removal, three ratios of tetracycline and copper ions were designed by the direct equipartition ray method. The relative abundance and diversity of microbial community were investigated, and the microbial interactions were revealed through microbiological methods. The results demonstrated that, for three different ratios, the inhibitory effect of specific phosphorus uptake rate became more significant with the increase of the tetracycline-copper ions concentration and the reaction time. The microbial community decreased with the increase of the proportion of tetracycline in different ratios. The relative abundance of Acinetobacter decreased with the increase of the proportion of tetracycline, while the relative abundance of Ca.Competibacter was higher under the conditions of low mixtures concentrations. Positive interactions and symbiotic relationships among microorganisms were predominant for three different ratios. However, as the proportion of tetracycline increased, the community structure of microorganisms shifted from phosphate-accumulating organisms to glycogen accumulating organisms and denitrifying bacteria. This study can provide a reference for the effect of mixed pollutants on microorganisms and the mechanism of wastewater treatment.},
}
@article {pmid39011306,
year = {2024},
author = {Del-Canto, A and Sanz-Saez, A and Heath, KD and Grillo, MA and Heras, J and Lacuesta, M},
title = {Conventional management has a greater negative impact on Phaseolus vulgaris L. rhizobia diversity and abundance than water scarcity.},
journal = {Frontiers in plant science},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1408125},
pmid = {39011306},
issn = {1664-462X},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Drought is one of the biggest problems for crop production and also affects the survival and persistence of soil rhizobia, which limits the establishment of efficient symbiosis and endangers the productivity of legumes, the main source of plant protein worldwide.<br><br>AIM: Since the biodiversity can be altered by several factors including abiotic stresses or cultural practices, the objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of water availability, plant genotype and agricultural management on the presence, nodulation capacity and genotypic diversity of rhizobia.<br><br>METHOD: A field experiment was conducted with twelve common bean genotypes under irrigation and rain-fed conditions, both in conventional and organic management. Estimation of the number of viable rhizobia present in soils was performed before the crop establishment, whereas the crop yield, nodule number and the strain diversity of bacteria present in nodules were determined at postharvest.<br><br>RESULTS: Rainfed conditions reduced the number of nodules and of isolated bacteria and their genetic diversity, although to a lesser extent than the agrochemical inputs related to conventional management. In addition, the effect of water scarcity on the conventional management soil was greater than observed under organic conditions.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: The preservation of diversity will be a key factor to maintain crop production in the future, as problems caused by drought will be exacerbated by climate change and organic management can help to maintain the biodiversity of soil microbiota, a fundamental aspect for soil health and quality.},
}
@article {pmid39010998,
year = {2024},
author = {Dagar, J and Maurya, S and Antil, S and Abraham, JS and Somasundaram, S and Lal, R and Makhija, S and Toteja, R},
title = {Symbionts of Ciliates and Ciliates as Symbionts.},
journal = {Indian journal of microbiology},
volume = {64},
number = {2},
pages = {304-317},
pmid = {39010998},
issn = {0046-8991},
abstract = {Endosymbiotic relationships between ciliates and others are critical for their ecological roles, physiological adaptations, and evolutionary implications. These can be obligate and facultative. Symbionts often provide essential nutrients, contribute to the ciliate's metabolism, aid in digestion, and offer protection against predators or environmental stressors. In turn, ciliates provide a protected environment and resources for their symbionts, facilitating their survival and proliferation. Ultrastructural and full-cycle rRNA approaches are utilized to identify these endosymbionts. Fluorescence in situ hybridization using "species- and group-specific probes" which are complementary to the genetic material (DNA or RNA) of a particular species or group of interest represent convenient tools for their detection directly in the environment. A systematic survey of these endosymbionts has been conducted using both traditional and metagenomic approaches. Ciliophora and other protists have a wide range of prokaryotic symbionts, which may contain potentially pathogenic bacteria. Ciliates can establish symbiotic relationships with a variety of hosts also, ranging from protists to metazoans. Understanding ciliate symbiosis can provide useful insights into the complex relationships that drive microbial communities and ecosystems in general.},
}
@article {pmid39010986,
year = {2024},
author = {Shinde, DB and Mahore, JG and Giram, PS and Singh, SL and Sharda, A and Choyan, D and Musale, S},
title = {Microbiota of Saliva: A Non-invasive Diagnostic Tool.},
journal = {Indian journal of microbiology},
volume = {64},
number = {2},
pages = {328-342},
pmid = {39010986},
issn = {0046-8991},
abstract = {Potential of salivary microbiota as a non-invasive diagnostic tool for various diseases are explained in the present review. Traditional diagnostic methods rely on blood, which has limitations in terms of collection and biomarker specificity. We discuss the concept of normal flora and how disruptions in oral microbiota can be indicative of diseases. Saliva, harboring a diverse microbial community, offers promise as a diagnostic biomarker source for oral and non-oral conditions. We delve into the role of microbial dysbiosis in disease pathogenesis and the prospects of using biological indicators like dysbiosis for diagnosis, prediction, and monitoring. This review also emphasizes the significance of saliva microbiota in advancing early disease detection and timely intervention. We addressed the following research question and objectives: Can the microbiota of saliva serve as a non-invasive diagnostic tool for the early detection and monitoring of both oral and non-oral diseases? To achieve this, we will explore the normal flora of microorganisms in the oral cavity, the impact of microbial dysbiosis, and the potential of using specific pathogenic microorganisms as biomarkers. Additionally, we will investigate the correlation between oral and non-oral diseases by analyzing total saliva or site-specific dental biofilms for signs of symbiosis or dysbiosis. This research seeks to contribute valuable insights into the development of a non-invasive diagnostic approach with broad applications in healthcare.},
}
@article {pmid39010257,
year = {2024},
author = {Zhao, B and Li, C and Hu, T and Gao, Y and Fan, L and Zhang, X},
title = {Robust {Pb10}
-Cluster-Based Metal-Organic Framework for Capturing and Converting CO2 into Cyclic Carbonates under Mild Conditions.},
journal = {Inorganic chemistry},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c02093},
pmid = {39010257},
issn = {1520-510X},
abstract = {Developing a highly active catalyst that can efficiently capture and convert carbon dioxide (CO2) into high-value-added energy materials remains a severe challenge, which inspires us to explore effective metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) with high chemical stability and high-density active sites. Herein, we report a robust 3D lead(II)-organic framework of {(Me2NH2)2[Pb5(PTTPA)2(H2O)3]·2DMF·3H2O}
n (NUC-111) with unreported [Pb10(COO)22(H2O)6] clusters (abbreviated as {Pb10}
) as nodes (H6PTTPA = 4,4',4″-(pyridine-2,4,6-triyl)triisophthalic acid). After thermal activation, NUC-111a is functionalized by the multifarious symbiotic acid-base active sites of open Pb[2+] sites and uncoordinated pyridine groups on the inner surface of the void volume. Gas adsorption tests confirm that NUC-111a displays a higher separation performance for mixed gases of f CO2 and CH4 with the selectivity of CO2/CH4 at 273 K and 101 kPa being 31 (1:99, v/v), 23 (15:85, v/v), and 8 (50:50, v/v), respectively. When the temperature rises to 298 K, the selectivity of CO2/CH4 at 101 kPa is 26 (1:99, v/v), 22 (15:85, v/v), and 11 (50:50, v/v). Moreover, activated NUC-111a exhibited excellent catalytic performance, stability, and recyclability for the cycloaddition of CO2 with epoxides under mild conditions. Hence, this work provides valuable insight into designing MOFs with multifunctionality for CO2 capture, separation, and conversion.},
}
@article {pmid39009513,
year = {2024},
author = {Shoji, F},
title = {[The Role of Gut Microbiota in Lung Carcinogenesis and Cancer Immunotherapy].},
journal = {Gan to kagaku ryoho. Cancer &amp; chemotherapy},
volume = {51},
number = {6},
pages = {597-602},
pmid = {39009513},
issn = {0385-0684},
mesh = {Humans ; *Lung Neoplasms/immunology/therapy/microbiology ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome/immunology ; *Immunotherapy/methods ; Animals ; Carcinogenesis/immunology ; Dysbiosis/immunology/therapy/microbiology ; },
abstract = {In recent years, the human microbiota, especially the gut microbiota, has been attracting attention in various fields, and it is one of the topics in the field of oncology. The human microbiota is known to act directly or indirectly on host immunity, and the gut and lung microbiota influence each other through the"gut-lung axis". It has been suggested that dysbiosis, a condition in which the symbiosis of the human microbiota is disrupted, induces lung inflammation and various respiratory diseases, and is also implicated in the immune microenvironment of lung cancer. It is also widely known that the gut microbiota modulates the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy, a major pillar of lung cancer treatment, and many clinical trials targeting the gut microbiota, such as fecal microbiome transplantation and biotics intervention, are currently being conducted. In the future, research on lung carcinogenesis mechanisms and lung cancer treatment focusing on the human microbiota will become increasingly active.},
}
@article {pmid39008621,
year = {2024},
author = {Bonetto, M and Cofré, N and Calvo, F and Silvente, S},
title = {Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the rhizosphere of two olive (Olea europaea) varieties Arbequina and Barnea under water deficit conditions.},
journal = {Functional plant biology : FPB},
volume = {51},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1071/FP24108},
pmid = {39008621},
issn = {1445-4416},
mesh = {*Olea/microbiology ; *Mycorrhizae/physiology ; *Rhizosphere ; *Water/metabolism ; Droughts ; Proline/metabolism ; Symbiosis ; Plant Stomata/physiology ; Plant Stems/microbiology ; Plant Roots/microbiology ; Malondialdehyde/metabolism ; },
abstract = {One strategy to improve olive (Olea europaea) tree drought tolerance is through the symbiosis of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), which helps alleviate water deficit through a combination of morphophysiological effects. Cuttings of olive varieties Arbequina (A) and Barnea (B) were grown with (+AMF) or without (-AMF) inoculum in the olive grove rhizosphere soil. One year after establishment, pots were exposed to four different water regimes: (1) control (100% of crop evapotranspiration); (2) short-period drought (20days); (3) long-period drought (25days); and (4) rewatering (R). To evaluate the influence of AMF on tolerance to water stress, stem water potential, stomatal conductance and the biomarkers for water deficit malondialdehyde, proline, soluble sugars, phenols, and flavonoids were evaluated at the end of the irrigation regimes. Stem water potential showed higher values in A(+) and B(+) in all water conditions, and the opposite was true for stomatal conductance. For proline and soluble sugars, the stem water potential trend is repeated with some exceptions. AMF inoculum spore communities from A(+ and -) and B(+ and -) were characterised at the morphospecies level in terms of richness and abundance. Certain morphospecies were identified as potential drought indicators. These results highlight that the benefits of symbiotic relationships between olive and native AMF can help to mitigate the effects of abiotic stress in soils affected by drought.},
}
@article {pmid39007421,
year = {2024},
author = {Sin, WC and Liu, J and Zhong, JY and Lam, HM and Lim, BL},
title = {Comparative proteomics analysis of root and nodule mitochondria of soybean.},
journal = {Plant, cell &amp; environment},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/pce.15026},
pmid = {39007421},
issn = {1365-3040},
support = {//Innovation and Technology Fund/ ; AoE/M-403/16//Hong Kong Research Grants Council/ ; },
abstract = {Legumes perform symbiotic nitrogen fixation through rhizobial bacteroids housed in specialised root nodules. The biochemical process is energy-intensive and consumes a huge carbon source to generate sufficient reducing power. To maintain the symbiosis, malate is supplied by legume nodules to bacteroids as their major carbon and energy source in return for ammonium ions and nitrogenous compounds. To sustain the carbon supply to bacteroids, nodule cells undergo drastic reorganisation of carbon metabolism. Here, a comprehensive quantitative comparison of the mitochondrial proteomes between root nodules and uninoculated roots was performed using data-independent acquisition proteomics, revealing the modulations in nodule mitochondrial proteins and pathways in response to carbon reallocation. Corroborated our findings with that from the literature, we believe nodules preferably allocate cytosolic phosphoenolpyruvates towards malate synthesis in lieu of pyruvate synthesis, and nodule mitochondria prefer malate over pyruvate as the primary source of NADH for ATP production. Moreover, the differential regulation of respiratory chain-associated proteins suggests that nodule mitochondria could enhance the efficiencies of complexes I and IV for ATP synthesis. This study highlighted a quantitative proteomic view of the mitochondrial adaptation in soybean nodules.},
}
@article {pmid39005400,
year = {2024},
author = {Zhang, X and Luo, Z and Marand, AP and Yan, H and Jang, H and Bang, S and Mendieta, JP and Minow, MAA and Schmitz, RJ},
title = {A spatially resolved multiomic single-cell atlas of soybean development.},
journal = {bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1101/2024.07.03.601616},
pmid = {39005400},
issn = {2692-8205},
abstract = {Cis -regulatory elements (CREs) precisely control spatiotemporal gene expression in cells. Using a spatially resolved single-cell atlas of gene expression with chromatin accessibility across ten soybean tissues, we identified 103 distinct cell types and 303,199 accessible chromatin regions (ACRs). Nearly 40% of the ACRs showed cell-type-specific patterns and were enriched for transcription factor (TF) motifs defining diverse cell identities. We identified de novo enriched TF motifs and explored conservation of gene regulatory networks underpinning legume symbiotic nitrogen fixation. With comprehensive developmental trajectories for endosperm and embryo, we uncovered the functional transition of the three sub-cell types of endosperm, identified 13 sucrose transporters sharing the DOF11 motif that were co-up-regulated in late peripheral endosperm and identified key embryo cell-type specification regulators during embryogenesis, including a homeobox TF that promotes cotyledon parenchyma identity. This resource provides a valuable foundation for analyzing gene regulatory programs in soybean cell types across tissues and life stages.},
}
@article {pmid39005142,
year = {2024},
author = {Cabuslay, C and Wertz, JT and Béchade, B and Hu, Y and Braganza, S and Freeman, D and Pradhan, S and Mukhanova, M and Powell, S and Moreau, C and Russell, JA},
title = {Domestication and evolutionary histories of specialized gut symbionts across cephalotine ants.},
journal = {Molecular ecology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e17454},
doi = {10.1111/mec.17454},
pmid = {39005142},
issn = {1365-294X},
support = {1442144//Division of Environmental Biology/ ; 1442156//Division of Environmental Biology/ ; 1442256//Division of Environmental Biology/ ; 1900357//Division of Environmental Biology/ ; 2041772//National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship Program/ ; },
abstract = {The evolution of animals and their gut symbionts is a complex phenomenon, obscured by lability and diversity. In social organisms, transmission of symbionts among relatives may yield systems with more stable associations. Here, we study the history of a social insect symbiosis involving cephalotine ants and their extracellular gut bacteria, which come predominantly from host-specialized lineages. We perform multi-locus phylogenetics for symbionts from nine bacterial orders, and map prior amplicon sequence data to lineage-assigned symbiont genomes, studying distributions of rigorously defined symbionts across 20 host species. Based on monophyly and additional hypothesis testing, we estimate that these specialized gut bacteria belong to 18 distinct lineages, of which 15 have been successfully isolated and cultured. Several symbiont lineages showed evidence for domestication events that occurred later in cephalotine evolutionary history, and only one lineage was ubiquitously detected in all 20 host species and 48 colonies sampled with amplicon 16S rRNA sequencing. We found evidence for phylogenetically constrained distributions in four symbionts, suggesting historical or genetic impacts on community composition. Two lineages showed evidence for frequent intra-lineage co-infections, highlighting the potential for niche divergence after initial domestication. Nearly all symbionts showed evidence for occasional host switching, but four may, more often, co-diversify with their hosts. Through our further assessment of symbiont localization and genomic functional profiles, we demonstrate distinct niches for symbionts with shared evolutionary histories, prompting further questions on the forces underlying the evolution of hosts and their gut microbiomes.},
}
@article {pmid39003318,
year = {2024},
author = {Kodama, Y and Kitatani, A and Morita, Y},
title = {Characterization of Crystals in Ciliate Paramecium bursaria Harboring Endosymbiotic Chlorella variabilis.},
journal = {Current microbiology},
volume = {81},
number = {9},
pages = {265},
pmid = {39003318},
issn = {1432-0991},
support = {(Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C) (Grant No. 20K06768))//Japan Society for the Promotion of Science/ ; (Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B) (Grant No. 23H02529))//Japan Society for the Promotion of Science/ ; },
mesh = {*Chlorella/chemistry/metabolism ; *Paramecium/metabolism ; *Symbiosis ; Crystallization ; Cytoplasm/chemistry ; },
abstract = {Protists, including ciliates retain crystals in their cytoplasm. However, their functions and properties remain unclear. To comparatively analyze the crystals of Paramecium bursaria, a ciliate, associated with and without the endosymbiotic Chlorella variabilis, we investigated the isolated crystals using a light microscope and analyzed their length and solubility. A negligible number of crystals was found in P. bursaria cells harboring symbiotic algae. The average crystal length in alga-free and algae-reduced cells was about 6.8 μm and 14.4 μm, respectively. The crystals of alga-free cells were spherical, whereas those of algae-reduced cells were angular in shape. The crystals of alga-free cells immediately dissolved in acids and bases, but not in water or organic solvents, and were stable at - 20 °C for more than 3 weeks. This study, for the first time, reveals that the characteristics of crystals present in the cytoplasm of P. bursaria vary greatly depending on the amount of symbiotic algae.},
}
@article {pmid39003030,
year = {2024},
author = {Park, Y and Kim, W and Cha, Y and Kim, M and Park, W},
title = {Alleviation of H2O2 toxicity by extracellular catalases in the phycosphere of Microcystis aeruginosa.},
journal = {Harmful algae},
volume = {137},
number = {},
pages = {102680},
doi = {10.1016/j.hal.2024.102680},
pmid = {39003030},
issn = {1878-1470},
mesh = {*Hydrogen Peroxide/metabolism ; *Microcystis/genetics ; *Catalase/metabolism/genetics ; *Bacterial Proteins/metabolism/genetics ; },
abstract = {High levels of environmental H2O2 represent a threat to many freshwater bacterial species, including toxic-bloom-forming Microcystis aeruginosa, particularly under high-intensity light conditions. The highest extracellular catalase activity-possessing Pseudoduganella aquatica HC52 was chosen among 36 culturable symbiotic isolates from the phycosphere in freshly collected M. aeruginosa cells. A zymogram for catalase activity revealed the presence of only one extracellular catalase despite the four putative catalase genes (katA1, katA2, katE, and srpA) identified in the newly sequenced genome (∼6.8 Mb) of P. aquatica HC52. Analysis of secreted catalase using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was identified as KatA1, which lacks a typical signal peptide, although the underlying mechanism for its secretion is unknown. The expression of secreted KatA1 appeared to be induced in the presence of H2O2. Proteomic analysis also confirmed the presence of KatA1 inside the outer membrane vesicles secreted by P. aquatica HC52 following exposure to H2O2. High light intensities (> 100 µmol m[-2] s[-1]) are known to kill catalase-less axenic M. aeruginosa cells, but the present study found that the presence of P. aquatica cells supported the growth of M. aeruginosa, while the extracellular catalases in supernatant or purified form also sustained the growth of M. aeruginosa under the same conditions. Our results suggest that the extracellular catalase secreted by P. aquatica HC52 enhances the tolerance of M. aeruginosa to H2O2, thus promoting the formation of M. aeruginosa blooms under high light intensities.},
}
@article {pmid39003022,
year = {2024},
author = {Li, R and Deng, Y and Shang, L and Liu, Y and Tao, Z and Chai, Z and Tang, YZ},
title = {Evidence for the production of asexual resting cysts in a free-living species of Symbiodiniaceae (Dinophyceae).},
journal = {Harmful algae},
volume = {137},
number = {},
pages = {102658},
doi = {10.1016/j.hal.2024.102658},
pmid = {39003022},
issn = {1878-1470},
mesh = {*Dinoflagellida/physiology/genetics/classification ; Reproduction, Asexual ; Geologic Sediments ; Phylogeny ; Coral Reefs ; },
abstract = {Coral reef ecosystems are the most productive and biodiverse marine ecosystems, with their productivity levels highly dependent on the symbiotic dinoflagellates belonging to the family Symbiodiniaceae. As a unique life history strategy, resting cyst production is of great significance in the ecology of many dinoflagellate species, those HABs-causing species in particular, however, there has been no confirmative evidence for the resting cyst production in any species of the family Symbiodiniaceae. Based on morphological and life history observations of cultures in the laboratory and morpho-molecular detections of cysts from the marine sediments via fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), cyst photography, and subsequent singe-cyst PCR sequencing, here we provide evidences for the asexual production of resting cysts by Effrenium voratum, the free-living, red tide-forming, and the type species of the genus Effrenium in Symbiodiniaceae. The evidences from the marine sediments were obtained through a sequential detections: Firstly, E. voratum amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) were detected in the cyst assemblages that were concentrated with the sodium polytungstate (SPT) method from the sediments collected from different regions of China Seas by high-throughput next generation sequencing (NGS); Secondly, the presence of E. voratum in the sediments was detected by PCR using the species-specific primers for the DNA directly extracted from sediment; Thirdly, E. voratum cysts were confirmed by a combined approach of FISH using the species-specific probes, light microscopic (LM) photography of the FISH-positive cysts, and a subsequent single-cyst PCR sequencing for the FISH-positive and photographed cysts. The evidences from the laboratory-reared clonal cultures of E. voratum include that: 1) numerous cysts formed in the two clonal cultures and exhibited a spherical shape, a smooth surface, absence of ornaments, and a large red accumulation body; 2) cysts could maintain morphologically intact for a storage of two weeks to six months at 4 °C in darkness and of which 76-92 % successfully germinated through an internal development processes within a time period of 3-21 days after being transferred back to the normal culturing conditions; 3) two or four germlings were released from each cyst through the cryptopylic archeopyle in all cysts with continuous observations of germination processes; and 4) while neither sexual mating of gametes nor planozygote (cells with two longitudinal flagella) were observed, the haploidy of cysts was proven with flow cytometric measurements and direct LM measurements of fluorescence from cells stained with either propidium iodide (PI) or DAPI, which together suggest that the cysts were formed asexually. All evidences led to a conclusion that E. voratum is capable of producing asexual resting cysts, although its sexuality cannot be completely excluded, which guarantees a more intensive investigation. This work fills a gap in the knowledge about the life cycle, particularly the potential of resting cyst formation, of the species in Symbiodiniaceae, a group of dinoflagellates having unique life forms and vital significance in the ecology of coral reefs, and may provide novel insights into understanding the recovery mechanisms of coral reefs destructed by the global climate change and suggest various forms of resting cysts in the cyst assemblages of dinoflagellates observed in the field sediments, including HABs-causing species.},
}
@article {pmid39002459,
year = {2024},
author = {Yu, Q and Chen, J and Ye, M and Wei, Y and Zhang, C and Ge, Y},
title = {N-acyl homoserine lactones (AHLs) enhanced removal of cadmium and other pollutants by algae-bacteria consortia.},
journal = {Journal of environmental management},
volume = {366},
number = {},
pages = {121792},
doi = {10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.121792},
pmid = {39002459},
issn = {1095-8630},
abstract = {Signal transduction is an important mode of algae-bacteria interaction, in which bacterial quorum sensing (QS) may affect microalgal growth and metabolism. Currently, little is known whether acyl homoserine lactones (AHLs) released by bacteria can affect the pollutant removal by algae-bacteria consortia (ABC). In this study, we constructed ABC using Chlorella vulgaris (Cv) with two AHLs-producing bacteria and investigated their performance in the removal of multiple pollutants, including chemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen (TN), phosphorus (P), and cadmium (Cd). The AHLs-producing bacteria, namely Agrobacterium sp. (Ap) and Ensifer adherens (Ea), were capable of forming a symbiosis with C. vulgaris. Consortia of Cv and Ap with ratio of 2:1 (Cv2-Ap1) showed the optimal growth promotion and higher removal of Cd, COD, TN, and P compared to the C. vulgaris monoculture. Cv2-Ap1 ABC removed 36.1-47.5% of Cd, 94.5%-94.6% COD, 37.1%-56.0% TN, and 90.4%-93.5% P from the culture medium. In addition, increase of intracellular neutral lipids and extracellular protein, as well as the types of functional groups on cell surface contributed to Cd removal and tolerance in the Cv2-Ap1 ABC. Six AHLs were detected in the Cv2-Ap1 culture. Among these, 3OC8-HSL and 3OC12-HSL additions promoted the ABC growth and enhanced their Cd accumulation. These findings may contribute to further understanding of AHL-mediated communication between algae and bacteria and provide support bioremediation efforts of metal-containing wastewater.},
}
@article {pmid39006488,
year = {2020},
author = {Smith, J and Yeluripati, J and Smith, P and Nayak, DR},
title = {Potential yield challenges to scale-up of zero budget natural farming.},
journal = {Nature sustainability},
volume = {3},
number = {},
pages = {247-252},
pmid = {39006488},
issn = {2398-9629},
abstract = {Under current trends, 60% of India's population (>10% of people on Earth) will experience severe food deficiencies by 2050. Increased production is urgently needed, but high costs and volatile prices are driving farmers into debt. Zero budget natural farming (ZBNF) is a grassroots movement that aims to improve farm viability by reducing costs. In Andhra Pradesh alone, 523,000 farmers have converted 13% of productive agricultural area to ZBNF. However, sustainability of ZBNF is questioned because external nutrient inputs are limited, which could cause a crash in food production. Here, we show that ZBNF is likely to reduce soil degradation and could provide yield benefits for low-input farmers. Nitrogen fixation, either by free-living nitrogen fixers in soil or symbiotic nitrogen fixers in legumes, is likely to provide the major portion of nitrogen available to crops. However, even with maximum potential nitrogen fixation and release, only 52-80% of the national average nitrogen applied as fertilizer is expected to be supplied. Therefore, in higher-input systems, yield penalties are likely. Since biological fixation from the atmosphere is possible only with nitrogen, ZBNF could limit the supply of other nutrients. Further research is needed in higher-input systems to ensure that mass conversion to ZBNF does not limit India's capacity to feed itself.},
}
@article {pmid39001714,
year = {2024},
author = {Williams, TA and Davin, AA and Szánthó, LL and Stamatakis, A and Wahl, NA and Woodcroft, BJ and Soo, RM and Eme, L and Sheridan, PO and Gubry-Rangin, C and Spang, A and Hugenholtz, P and Szöllősi, GJ},
title = {Phylogenetic reconciliation: making the most of genomes to understand microbial ecology and evolution.},
journal = {The ISME journal},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/ismejo/wrae129},
pmid = {39001714},
issn = {1751-7370},
abstract = {In recent years, phylogenetic reconciliation has emerged as a promising approach for studying microbial ecology and evolution. The core idea is to model how gene trees evolve along a species tree, and to explain differences between them via evolutionary events including gene duplications, transfers, and losses. Here, we describe how phylogenetic reconciliation provides a natural framework for studying genome evolution, and highlight recent applications including ancestral gene content inference, the rooting of species trees, and the insights into metabolic evolution and ecological transitions they yield. Reconciliation analyses have elucidated the evolution of diverse microbial lineages, from Chlamydiae to Asgard archaea, shedding light on ecological adaptation, host-microbe interactions, and symbiotic relationships. However, there are many opportunities for broader application of the approach in microbiology. Continuing improvements to make reconciliation models more realistic and scalable, and integration of ecological metadata such as habitat, pH, temperature and oxygen use, offer enormous potential for understanding the rich tapestry of microbial life.},
}
@article {pmid39000497,
year = {2024},
author = {Kozlova, AP and Muntyan, VS and Vladimirova, ME and Saksaganskaia, AS and Kabilov, MR and Gorbunova, MK and Gorshkov, AN and Grudinin, MP and Simarov, BV and Roumiantseva, ML},
title = {Soil Giant Phage: Genome and Biological Characteristics of Sinorhizobium Jumbo Phage.},
journal = {International journal of molecular sciences},
volume = {25},
number = {13},
pages = {},
pmid = {39000497},
issn = {1422-0067},
support = {24-26-00274//RSF/ ; },
mesh = {*Genome, Viral ; *Bacteriophages/genetics/isolation &amp; purification/classification/physiology ; *Phylogeny ; *Sinorhizobium/genetics/virology/physiology ; *Soil Microbiology ; Open Reading Frames ; },
abstract = {This paper presents the first in-depth research on the biological and genomic properties of lytic rhizobiophage AP-J-162 isolated from the soils of the mountainous region of Dagestan (North Caucasus), which belongs to the centers of origin of cultivated plants, according to Vavilov N.I. The rhizobiophage host strains are nitrogen-fixing bacteria of the genus Sinorhizobium spp., symbionts of leguminous forage grasses. The phage particles have a myovirus virion structure. The genome of rhizobiophage AP-J-162 is double-stranded DNA of 471.5 kb in length; 711 ORFs are annotated and 41 types of tRNAs are detected. The closest phylogenetic relative of phage AP-J-162 is Agrobacterium phage Atu-ph07, but no rhizobiophages are known. The replicative machinery, capsid, and baseplate proteins of phage AP-J-162 are structurally similar to those of Escherichia phage T4, but there is no similarity between their tail protein subunits. Amino acid sequence analysis shows that 339 of the ORFs encode hypothetical or functionally relevant products, while the remaining 304 ORFs are unique. Additionally, 153 ORFs are similar to those of Atu_ph07, with one-third of the ORFs encoding different enzymes. The biological properties and genomic characteristics of phage AP-J-162 distinguish it as a unique model for exploring phage-microbe interactions with nitrogen-fixing symbiotic microorganisms.},
}
@article {pmid39000176,
year = {2024},
author = {Daminova, AG and Leksin, IY and Khabibrakhmanova, VR and Gurjanov, OP and Galeeva, EI and Trifonova, TV and Khamatgalimov, AR and Beckett, RP and Minibayeva, FV},
title = {The Roles of the Anthraquinone Parietin in the Tolerance to Desiccation of the Lichen Xanthoria parietina: Physiology and Anatomy of the Pale and Bright-Orange Thalli.},
journal = {International journal of molecular sciences},
volume = {25},
number = {13},
pages = {},
pmid = {39000176},
issn = {1422-0067},
support = {23-14-00327//Russian Science Foundation/ ; },
mesh = {*Lichens/metabolism ; *Desiccation ; Emodin/analogs &amp; derivatives/metabolism ; Anthraquinones/metabolism/chemistry ; },
abstract = {Lichens are symbiotic organisms that effectively survive in harsh environments, including arid regions. Maintaining viability with an almost complete loss of water and the rapid restoration of metabolism during rehydration distinguishes lichens from most eukaryotic organisms. The lichen Xanthoria parietina is known to have high stress tolerance, possessing diverse defense mechanisms, including the presence of the bright-orange pigment parietin. While several studies have demonstrated the photoprotective and antioxidant properties of this anthraquinone, the role of parietin in the tolerance of lichens to desiccation is not clear yet. Thalli, which are exposed to solar radiation and become bright orange, may require enhanced desiccation tolerance. Here, we showed differences in the anatomy of naturally pale and bright-orange thalli of X. parietina and visualized parietin crystals on the surface of the upper cortex. Parietin was extracted from bright-orange thalli by acetone rinsing and quantified using HPLC. Although acetone rinsing did not affect PSII activity, thalli without parietin had higher levels of lipid peroxidation and a lower membrane stability index in response to desiccation. Furthermore, highly pigmented thalli possess thicker cell walls and, according to thermogravimetric analysis, higher water-holding capacities than pale thalli. Thus, parietin may play a role in desiccation tolerance by stabilizing mycobiont membranes, providing an antioxidative defense, and changing the morphology of the upper cortex of X. parietina.},
}
@article {pmid39000087,
year = {2024},
author = {Dong, M and He, J and Tang, X and Liu, S and Xing, J and Chen, X and Chen, L and Li, Y and Sun, H},
title = {Genome-Wide Identification of the Sulfate Transporters Gene Family in Blueberry (Vaccinium spp.) and Its Response to Ericoid Mycorrhizal Fungi.},
journal = {International journal of molecular sciences},
volume = {25},
number = {13},
pages = {},
pmid = {39000087},
issn = {1422-0067},
support = {20220508099RC//Jilin Province Science and Technology Department/ ; 2023C035-4//Jilin Province Development and Reform Commission/ ; 202205AF150029//Yunnan Province Science and Technology Talents and Platform Plan (Academician Expert Work-station)/ ; },
mesh = {*Mycorrhizae/genetics ; *Blueberry Plants/genetics/microbiology/metabolism ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; *Sulfate Transporters/genetics/metabolism ; *Plant Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; *Phylogeny ; Multigene Family ; Sulfates/metabolism ; Symbiosis/genetics ; Genome, Plant ; },
abstract = {Sulfur metabolism plays a major role in plant growth and development, environmental adaptation, and material synthesis, and the sulfate transporters are the beginning of sulfur metabolism. We identified 37 potential VcSULTR genes in the blueberry genome, encoding peptides with 534 to 766 amino acids. The genes were grouped into four subfamilies in an evolutionary analysis. The 37 putative VcSULTR proteins ranged in size from 60.03 to 83.87 kDa. These proteins were predicted to be hydrophobic and mostly localize to the plasma membrane. The VcSULTR genes were distributed on 30 chromosomes; VcSULTR3;5b and VcSULTR3;5c were the only tandemly repeated genes. The VcSULTR promoters contained cis-acting elements related to the fungal symbiosis and stress responses. The transcript levels of the VcSULTRs differed among blueberry organs and changed in response to ericoid mycorrhizal fungi and sulfate treatments. A subcellular localization analysis showed that VcSULTR2;1c localized to, and functioned in, the plasma membrane and chloroplast. The virus-induced gene knock-down of VcSULTR2;1c resulted in a significantly decreased endogenous sulfate content, and an up-regulation of genes encoding key enzymes in sulfur metabolism (VcATPS2 and VcSiR1). These findings enhance our understanding of mycorrhizal-fungi-mediated sulfate transport in blueberry, and lay the foundation for further research on blueberry-mycorrhizal symbiosis.},
}
@article {pmid38999609,
year = {2024},
author = {Markova, O and Garipova, S and Chistoedova, A and Matyunina, V and Lubyanova, A and Lastochkina, O and Garipov, A and Shpirnaya, I and Pusenkova, L},
title = {Predicting Field Effectiveness of Endophytic Bacillus subtilis Inoculants for Common Bean Using Morphometric and Biochemical Markers.},
journal = {Plants (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {13},
number = {13},
pages = {},
pmid = {38999609},
issn = {2223-7747},
support = {23-24-00602//Russian Science Foundation/ ; },
abstract = {According to four field experiments, after the inoculation of Phaseolus vulgaris L. cultivar Ufimskaya with the commercial strain Bacillus subtilis 26D and the promising strain B. subtilis 10-4, it was found that inoculation with B. subtilis 10-4 improved seed productivity (SP) by 31-41% per plant, but only in dry years. In contrast, all 4 years of inoculation with B. subtilis 26D were ineffective or neutral. It was intended to determine the growing and biochemical characteristics of inoculated 7-day-old plants, which correlate with the field SP of bacterial preparations. The SP of inoculated plants (average of 4 years) correlated with root length (0.83), MDA content (-0.98), and catalase (CAT) activity in roots (-0.96) of week-old seedlings. High correlation coefficients between the H2O2 content in the roots and SP (0.89 and 0.77), as well as between the H2O2 content in shoots and SP (0.98 and 0.56), were observed only in two dry years, when the influence of bacteria was detected. These physiological indicators were identified as potential markers for predicting the effectiveness of the endophytic symbiosis between bean plants and B. subtilis strains. The findings may be used to develop effective microbial-based, eco-friendly technologies for bean production.},
}
@article {pmid38998667,
year = {2024},
author = {Morales, D and de la Fuente-Nieto, L and Marco, P and Tejedor-Calvo, E},
title = {Elaboration and Characterization of Novel Kombucha Drinks Based on Truffles (Tuber melanosporum and Tuber aestivum) with Interesting Aromatic and Compositional Profiles.},
journal = {Foods (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {13},
number = {13},
pages = {},
pmid = {38998667},
issn = {2304-8158},
support = {"Mejora de la Eficiencia de la Producci&#xf3;n y la Innovaci&#xf3;n Agroalimentaria de la Trufa en la Pro-vincia de Zaragoza"//Diputaci&#xf3;n Provincial de Zaragoza (DPZ)/ ; JDC2022-048252-I//MICIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and European Union NextGenerationEU/PRTR/ ; },
abstract = {The organoleptic and bioactive properties of truffles place these fungi as interesting materials for use in the of design functional foods based on fruiting bodies outside commercial standards. Moreover, kombucha beverages have become more popular in the Western world, leading to novel drinks using alternative substrates instead of tea leaves. In this work, two truffle species (Tuber melanosporum, TMEL; Tuber aestivum, TAES) and three different symbiotic consortia of bacteria and yeasts (SCOBYs: SC1, SC2, and SC3) were tested. Fermentation (21 days) was monitored in terms of physicochemical (pH, viscosity), biochemical (total carbohydrates, alcohol, soluble proteins, phenolic compounds), and sensory attributes (volatile organic compounds, VOCs). The obtained pH ranges were adequate, alcohol levels were undetectable or very low, and sugar content was lower than in traditional kombuchas or other beverages. In most cases, the usual bottling time could be applied (7-10 days), although longer fermentations are recommended (14 days) to reach higher protein and phenolic compounds contents. Truffle kombuchas produced up to 51 volatile organic compounds (alcohols, acids, esters, ketones, and aldehydes, among others), with TMEL showing a more complex profile than TAES. During the first week, acidic compound production was observed, especially acetic acid. Similar behavior in the VOC profile was reported with different SCOBYs.},
}
@article {pmid38998500,
year = {2024},
author = {Wu, D and Hao, L and Liu, X and Li, X and Zhao, G},
title = {The Anti-Biofilm Properties of Phloretin and Its Analogs against Porphyromonas gingivalis and Its Complex Flora.},
journal = {Foods (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {13},
number = {13},
pages = {},
pmid = {38998500},
issn = {2304-8158},
support = {21978101//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 22278159//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; },
abstract = {Porphyromonas gingivalis is crucial for the pathogenesis of periodontitis. This research investigated the effects of the fruit-derived flavonoid phloretin and its analogs on the growth of pure P. gingivalis and the flora of P. gingivalis mixed with the symbiotic oral pathogens Fusobacterium nucleatum and Streptococcus mitis. The results showed that the tested flavonoids had little effect on the biofilm amount of pure P. gingivalis, but significantly reduced the biofilm amount of mixed flora to 83.6~89.1%. Biofilm viability decreased to 86.7~92.8% in both the pure- and mixed-bacterial groups after naringenin and phloretin treatments. SEM showed that phloretin and phlorizin displayed a similar and remarkable destructive effect on P. gingivalis and the mixed biofilms. Transcriptome analysis confirmed that biofilm formation was inhibited by these flavonoids, and phloretin significantly regulated the transcription of quorum sensing. Phlorizin and phloretin reduced AI-2 activity to 45.9% and 55.4%, respectively, independent of the regulation of related gene transcription. This research marks the first finding that these flavonoids possess anti-biofilm properties against P. gingivalis and its intricate bacterial community, and the observed performance variations, driven by structural differences, underscore the existence of intriguing structure-activity relationships.},
}
@article {pmid38997041,
year = {2024},
author = {Xu, C and Zhao, X and Duan, H and Gu, W and Zhang, D and Wang, R and Lu, X},
title = {Synergistic enzymatic mechanism of lepidolite leaching enhanced by a mixture of Bacillus mucilaginosus and Bacillus circulans.},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {174711},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174711},
pmid = {38997041},
issn = {1879-1026},
abstract = {Numerous studies have demonstrated that the co-leaching of ores by different silicate bacteria significantly improves the performance of bioleaching systems. Nevertheless, the mechanism of different silicate bacteria synergistically or complementarily enhanced the leaching process of lithium-containing silicate remains unclear. This study discussed the leaching impact of the combined presence of two metabolically distinct silicate bacteria on lepidolite, with the aim of comprehending the synergistic effect resulting from the presence of Bacillus mucilaginosus and Bacillus circulans in the leaching process. The results indicated that the polysaccharides and proteins secreted by bacteria-containing functional groups such as -OH and -COOH, which played an important role in the complex decomposition of ores. Organic acids played the role of acid etching and complexation. Bacillus mucilaginosus and Bacillus circulans exhibited low individual leaching efficiency, primarily due to their weak organic acid secretion. Moreover, the prolific polysaccharide production by Bacillus mucilaginosus led to bacterial aggregation, diminishing contact capability with minerals. Bacillus circulans decomposed the excessive polysaccharides produced by Bacillus mucilaginosus through enzymatic hydrolysis in the co-bioleaching process, providing later nutrient supply for both strains. The symbiosis of the two strains enhanced the synthesis and metabolic capabilities of both strains, resulting in increased organic acid secretion. In addition, protein and humic acid production by Bacillus mucilaginosus intensified, collectively enhancing the leaching efficiency. These findings suggested that the primary metabolic products secreted by different bacterial strains in the leaching process differ. The improvement in bioleaching efficiency during co-leaching was attributed to their effective synergistic metabolism. This work contributes to the construction of an efficient engineering microbial community to improve the efficiency of silicate mineral leaching, and reveals the feasibility of microbial co-culture to improve bioleaching.},
}
@article {pmid38996605,
year = {2024},
author = {Qian, F and Liu, Y and He, L and Dong, Z and Chen, M and Liu, W},
title = {Metagenomic insights into microbial metabolic mechanisms of a combined solid-phase denitrification and anammox process for nitrogen removal in mainstream wastewater treatment.},
journal = {Journal of environmental management},
volume = {366},
number = {},
pages = {121797},
doi = {10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.121797},
pmid = {38996605},
issn = {1095-8630},
abstract = {To overcome the significant challenges associated with nitrite supply and nitrate residues in mainstream anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox)-based processes, this study developed a combined solid-phase denitrification (SPD) and anammox process for low-strength nitrogen removal without the addition of nitrite. The SPD step was performed in a packed-bed reactor containing poly-3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hyroxyvelate (PHBV) prior to employing the anammox granular sludge reactor in the continuous-flow mode. The removal efficiency of total inorganic nitrogen reached 95.7 ± 1.2% under a nitrogen loading rate of 0.18 ± 0.01 kg N·m[3]·d[-1], and it required 1.02 mol of nitrate to remove 1 mol of ammonium nitrogen. The PHBV particles not only served as biofilm carriers for the symbiosis of hydrolytic bacteria (HB) and denitrifying bacteria (DB), but also carbon sources that facilitated the coupling of partial denitrification and anammox in the granules. Metagenomic sequencing analysis indicated that Burkholderiales was the most abundant HB genus in SPD. The metabolic correlations between DB (Betaproteobacteria, Rhodocyclaceae, and Anaerolineae) and anammox bacteria (Candidatus Brocadiac and Kuenenia) in the granules were confirmed through microbial co-occurrence networks analysis and functional gene annotations. Additionally, the genes encoding nitrate reductase (Nap) and nitrite reductase (Nir) in DB primarily facilitated nitrate reduction, thereby supplying nitric oxide to anammox bacteria for subsequent nitrogen removal with hydrazine synthase (Hzs) and hydrazine dehydrogenase (Hdh). The findings provide insights into microbial metabolism within combined SPD and anammox processes, thus advancing the development of mainstream anammox-based processes in engineering applications.},
}
@article {pmid38995042,
year = {2024},
author = {da Silva, AF and Machado, LC and da Silva, LMI and Dezordi, FZ and Wallau, GL},
title = {Highly divergent and diverse viral community infecting sylvatic mosquitoes from Northeast Brazil.},
journal = {Journal of virology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e0008324},
doi = {10.1128/jvi.00083-24},
pmid = {38995042},
issn = {1098-5514},
abstract = {UNLABELLED: Mosquitoes can transmit several pathogenic viruses to humans, but their natural viral community is also composed of a myriad of other viruses such as insect-specific viruses (ISVs) and those that infect symbiotic microorganisms. Besides a growing number of studies investigating the mosquito virome, the majority are focused on few urban species, and relatively little is known about the virome of sylvatic mosquitoes, particularly in high biodiverse biomes such as the Brazilian biomes. Here, we characterized the RNA virome of 10 sylvatic mosquito species from Atlantic forest remains at a sylvatic-urban interface in Northeast Brazil employing a metatranscriptomic approach. A total of 16 viral families were detected. The phylogenetic reconstructions of 14 viral families revealed that the majority of the sequences are putative ISVs. The phylogenetic positioning and, in most cases, the association with a high RNA-dependent RNA polymerase amino acid divergence from other known viruses suggests that the viruses characterized here represent at least 34 new viral species. Therefore, the sylvatic mosquito viral community is predominantly composed of highly divergent viruses highlighting the limited knowledge we still have about the natural virome of mosquitoes in general. Moreover, we found that none of the viruses recovered were shared between the species investigated, and only one showed high identity to a virus detected in a mosquito sampled in Peru, South America. These findings add further in-depth understanding about the interactions and coevolution between mosquitoes and viruses in natural environments.<br><br>IMPORTANCE: Mosquitoes are medically important insects as they transmit pathogenic viruses to humans and animals during blood feeding. However, their natural microbiota is also composed of a diverse set of viruses that cause no harm to the insect and other hosts, such as insect-specific viruses. In this study, we characterized the RNA virome of sylvatic mosquitoes from Northeast Brazil using unbiased metatranscriptomic sequencing and in-depth bioinformatic approaches. Our analysis revealed that these mosquitoes species harbor a diverse set of highly divergent viruses, and the majority comprises new viral species. Our findings revealed many new virus lineages characterized for the first time broadening our understanding about the natural interaction between mosquitoes and viruses. Finally, it also provided several complete genomes that warrant further assessment for mosquito and vertebrate host pathogenicity and their potential interference with pathogenic arboviruses.},
}
@article {pmid38995034,
year = {2024},
author = {Jandl, B and Dighe, S and Gasche, C and Makristathis, A and Muttenthaler, M},
title = {Intestinal biofilms: pathophysiological relevance, host defense, and therapeutic opportunities.},
journal = {Clinical microbiology reviews},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e0013323},
doi = {10.1128/cmr.00133-23},
pmid = {38995034},
issn = {1098-6618},
abstract = {SUMMARYThe human intestinal tract harbors a profound variety of microorganisms that live in symbiosis with the host and each other. It is a complex and highly dynamic environment whose homeostasis directly relates to human health. Dysbiosis of the gut microbiota and polymicrobial biofilms have been associated with gastrointestinal diseases, including irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel diseases, and colorectal cancers. This review covers the molecular composition and organization of intestinal biofilms, mechanistic aspects of biofilm signaling networks for bacterial communication and behavior, and synergistic effects in polymicrobial biofilms. It further describes the clinical relevance and diseases associated with gut biofilms, the role of biofilms in antimicrobial resistance, and the intestinal host defense system and therapeutic strategies counteracting biofilms. Taken together, this review summarizes the latest knowledge and research on intestinal biofilms and their role in gut disorders and provides directions toward the development of biofilm-specific treatments.},
}
@article {pmid38994934,
year = {2024},
author = {Almalla, A and Alzain, N and Elomaa, L and Richter, F and Scholz, J and Lindner, M and Siegmund, B and Weinhart, M},
title = {Hydrogel-Integrated Millifluidic Systems: Advancing the Fabrication of Mucus-Producing Human Intestinal Models.},
journal = {Cells},
volume = {13},
number = {13},
pages = {},
pmid = {38994934},
issn = {2073-4409},
support = {431232613//Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) for CRC 1449/ ; 375876048//DFG CRC-TRR 241-B01 and Z02/ ; 50474582//DFG CRU 5023/ ; 372486779//DFG CRC 1340-B06/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *Mucus/metabolism ; *Hydrogels/chemistry ; Tissue Scaffolds/chemistry ; Intestinal Mucosa/metabolism ; HT29 Cells ; Models, Biological ; Stem Cells/metabolism/cytology ; Cell Differentiation/drug effects ; Printing, Three-Dimensional ; Tissue Engineering/methods ; },
abstract = {The luminal surface of the intestinal epithelium is protected by a vital mucus layer, which is essential for lubrication, hydration, and fostering symbiotic bacterial relationships. Replicating and studying this complex mucus structure in vitro presents considerable challenges. To address this, we developed a hydrogel-integrated millifluidic tissue chamber capable of applying precise apical shear stress to intestinal models cultured on flat or 3D structured hydrogel scaffolds with adjustable stiffness. The chamber is designed to accommodate nine hydrogel scaffolds, 3D-printed as flat disks with a storage modulus matching the physiological range of intestinal tissue stiffness (~3.7 kPa) from bioactive decellularized and methacrylated small intestinal submucosa (dSIS-MA). Computational fluid dynamics simulations were conducted to confirm a laminar flow profile for both flat and 3D villi-comprising scaffolds in the physiologically relevant regime. The system was initially validated with HT29-MTX seeded hydrogel scaffolds, demonstrating accelerated differentiation, increased mucus production, and enhanced 3D organization under shear stress. These characteristic intestinal tissue features are essential for advanced in vitro models as they critically contribute to a functional barrier. Subsequently, the chamber was challenged with human intestinal stem cells (ISCs) from the terminal ileum. Our findings indicate that biomimicking hydrogel scaffolds, in combination with physiological shear stress, promote multi-lineage differentiation, as evidenced by a gene and protein expression analysis of basic markers and the 3D structural organization of ISCs in the absence of chemical differentiation triggers. The quantitative analysis of the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and secreted mucus demonstrates the functional differentiation of the cells into enterocyte and goblet cell lineages. The millifluidic system, which has been developed and optimized for performance and cost efficiency, enables the creation and modulation of advanced intestinal models under biomimicking conditions, including tunable matrix stiffness and varying fluid shear stresses. Moreover, the readily accessible and scalable mucus-producing cellular tissue models permit comprehensive mucus analysis and the investigation of pathogen interactions and penetration, thereby offering the potential to advance our understanding of intestinal mucus in health and disease.},
}
@article {pmid38994870,
year = {2024},
author = {Heidari, H and Lawrence, DA},
title = {An integrative exploration of environmental stressors on the microbiome-gut-brain axis and immune mechanisms promoting neurological disorders.},
journal = {Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Part B, Critical reviews},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-31},
doi = {10.1080/10937404.2024.2378406},
pmid = {38994870},
issn = {1521-6950},
abstract = {The microbiome-gut-brain axis is altered by environmental stressors such as heat, diet, and pollutants as well as microbes in the air, water, and soil. These stressors might alter the host's microbiome and symbiotic relationship by modifying the microbial composition or location. Compartmentalized mutualistic microbes promote the beneficial interactions in the host leading to circulating metabolites and hormones such as insulin and leptin that affect inter-organ functions. Inflammation and oxidative stress induced by environmental stressors may alter the composition, distribution, and activities of the microbes in the microbiomes such that the resultant metabolite and hormone changes are no longer beneficial. The microbiome-gut-brain axis and immune adverse changes that may accompany environmental stressors are reviewed for effects on innate and adaptive immune cells, which may make host immunity less responsive to pathogens and more reactive to self-antigens. Cardiovascular and fluid exchanges to organs might adversely alter organ functionality. Organs, especially the brain, need a consistent supply of nutrients and clearance of debris; disruption of these exchanges by stressors, and involvement of gut microbiome are discussed regarding neural dysfunctions with Alzheimer's disease, autistic spectrum disorders, viral infections, and autoimmune diseases. The focus of this review includes the manner in which environmental stressors may disrupt gut microbiota leading to adverse immune and hormonal influences on development of neuropathology related to hyperhomocysteinemia, inflammation, and oxidative stress, and how certain therapeutics may be beneficial. Strategies are explored to lessen detrimental effects of environmental stressors on central and peripheral health navigated toward (1) understanding neurological disorders and (2) promoting environmental and public health and well-being.},
}
@article {pmid38994865,
year = {2024},
author = {Zeghina, I and El Ouar, I and Tartouga, MA and Mokhtari, MB and Elieh-Ali-Komi, D and Gali, L and Bensouici, C},
title = {GC-MS Profiling and Pharmacological Potential of Physconia venusta (Ach.) Poelt.},
journal = {Turkish journal of pharmaceutical sciences},
volume = {21},
number = {3},
pages = {243-251},
doi = {10.4274/tjps.galenos.2023.91126},
pmid = {38994865},
issn = {2148-6247},
abstract = {OBJECTIVES: Lichens are complex symbiotic organisms that generate various bioactive compounds with significant therapeutic value. We investigated the chemical composition and bioactivity of the acetone extract of the Algerian lichen Physconia venusta (Ach.) poet.<br><br>MATERIALS AND METHODS: Phytochemical screening was performed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The antibacterial activity was assessed against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella enteritidis, Salmonella typhi, Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, and Bacillus subtilis using an agar diffusion test with the determination of the minimal inhibition concentration (MIC), while the antioxidant activity was determined using different chemical methods (DPPH, ABTS, CUPRAC, reducing power, superoxide anion scavenging, &#x3b2;-carotene bleaching, and metal chelate). In addition, cytotoxic activity was tested using Artemia salina (Brine shrimp) bioassay.<br><br>RESULTS: The studied extract exhibited intense antibacterial activity against E. coli and S. aureus with inhibition diameters of 28 &#xb1; 0.01 and 22 &#xb1; 0.01 mm, respectively, with a MIC value of 6.25 mg/mL and a selectivity index of 2.8. The obtained extract showed different antioxidant trends depending on the selected assay. GC-MS analysis revealed many secondary metabolites.<br><br>CONCLUSION: P. venusta, a type of lichen, is a potential source of bioactive substances that could be used in pharmaceuticals.},
}
@article {pmid38992783,
year = {2024},
author = {Klimov, PB and Hubert, J and Erban, T and Alejandra Perotti, M and Braig, HR and Flynt, A and He, Q and Cui, Y},
title = {Genomic and metagenomic analyses of the domestic mite Tyrophagus putrescentiae identify it as a widespread environmental contaminant and a host of a basal, mite-specific Wolbachia lineage (supergroup Q).},
journal = {International journal for parasitology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.ijpara.2024.07.001},
pmid = {38992783},
issn = {1879-0135},
abstract = {Tyrophagus putrescentiae (mould mite) is a global, microscopic trophic generalist that commonly occurs in various human-created habitats, causing allergies and damaging stored food. Its ubiquity and extraordinary ability to penetrate research samples or cultures through air currents or by active walking through tights spaces (such as treads of screw caps) may lead to sample contamination and introduction of its DNA to research materials in the laboratory. This prompts a thorough investigation into potential sequence contamination in public genomic databases. The trophic success of T. putrescentiae is primarily attributed to the symbiotic bacteria housed in specialized internal mite structures, facilitating adaptation to varied nutritional niches. However, recent work suggests that horizontal transfer of bacterial/fungal genes related to nutritional functionality may also contribute to the mite's trophic versatility. This aspect requires independent confirmation. Additionally, T. putrescentiae harbors an uncharacterized and genetically divergent bacterium, Wolbachia, displaying blocking and microbiome-modifying effects. The phylogenomic position and supergroup assignment of this bacterium are unknown. Here, we sequenced and assembled the T. putrescentiae genome, analyzed its microbiome, and performed detailed phylogenomic analyses of the mite-specific Wolbachia. We show that T. putrescentiae DNA is a substantial source of contamination of research samples. Its DNA may inadvertently be co-extracted with the DNA of the target organism, eventually leading to sequence contamination in public databases. We identified a diversity of bacterial species associated with T. putrescentiae, including those capable of rapidly developing antibiotic resistance, such as Escherichia coli. Despite the presence of diverse bacterial communities in T. putrescentiae, we did not detect any recent horizontal gene transfers in this mite species and/or in astigmatid (domestic) mites in general. Our phylogenomic analysis of Wolbachia recovered a basal, mite-specific lineage (supergroup Q) represented by two Wolbachia spp. from the mould mite and a gall-inducing plant mite. Fluorescence in situ hybridization confirmed the presence of Wolbachia inside the mould mite. The discovery of an early derivative Wolbachia lineage (supergroup Q) in two phylogenetically unrelated and ecologically dissimilar mites suggests that this endosymbiotic bacterial lineage formed a long-term association with mites. This finding provides a unique insight into the early evolution and host associations of Wolbachia. Further discoveries of Wolbachia diversity in acariform mites are anticipated.},
}
@article {pmid38992387,
year = {2024},
author = {Shang, X and Liu, X and Ma, X and Ren, W and Lin, C and He, M and Ouyang, W},
title = {Roles of soil minerals in the degradation of chlorpyrifos and its intermediate by microwave activated peroxymonosulfate.},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {174654},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174654},
pmid = {38992387},
issn = {1879-1026},
abstract = {Soil mineral is one of the important factors that affecting oxidant decomposition and pollutants degradation in soil remediation. In this study, the effects of iron minerals, manganese minerals and clay minerals on the degradation of chlorpyrifos (CPF) and its intermediate product 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCP) by microwave (MW) activated peroxymonosulfate (PMS) were investigated. As a result, the addition of minerals had slight inhibitory effect on the degradation efficiency of CPF by MW/PMS, but the degradation efficiency of TCP was improved by the addition of some specific minerals, including ferrihydrite, birnessite, and random symbiotic mineral of pyrolusite and ramsdellite (Pyr-Ram). The stronger MW absorption ability of minerals is beneficial for PMS decomposition, but the MW absorption ability of minerals cannot be fully utilized because of the weaker MW radiation intensity under constant temperature conditions. Through electron spin resonance test, quenching experiment and electrochemical experiment, electron transfer, SO4[-] and OH, SO4[-] dominated TCP degradation by MW/PMS with the addition of birnessite, Pyr-Ram and ferrihydrite, respectively. Besides, the adsorption effect of ferrihydrite also enhanced the removal of TCP. The redox of Mn (III)/Mn (IV) or Fe (II)/Fe (III) in manganese/iron minerals participated in the generation of reactive species. In addition, the addition of minerals not only increased the variety of alkyl hydroxylation products of CPF, causing different degradation pathways from CPF to TCP, but also further degraded TCP to dechlorination or hydroxylation products. This study demonstrated the synergistic effect of minerals and MW for PMS activation, provided new insights for the effects of soil properties on soil remediation by MW activated PMS technology.},
}
@article {pmid38992368,
year = {2024},
author = {Zhang, L and Ali, A and Su, J and Huang, T and Wang, Z},
title = {Ammonium nitrogen and phosphorus removal by bacterial-algal symbiotic dynamic sponge bioremediation system in micropolluted water: Operational mechanism and transformation pathways.},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
volume = {947},
number = {},
pages = {174636},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174636},
pmid = {38992368},
issn = {1879-1026},
abstract = {Construct a bacteria-algae symbiotic dynamic sponge bioremediation system to simultaneously remove multiple pollutants under micro-pollution conditions. The average removal efficiencies of NH4[+]-N, PO4[3-]-P, total nitrogen (TN), and Ca[2+] were 98.35, 78.74, 95.64, and 84.92 %, respectively. Comparative studies with Auxenochlorella sp. sponge and bacterial sponge bioremediation system confirmed that NH4[+]-N and TN were mainly removed by bacterial heterotrophic nitrification - aerobic denitrification (HN-AD). PO4[3-]-P was removed by algal assimilation and the generation of Ca3(PO4)2 and Ca5(PO4)3OH, and Ca[2+] was removed by algal electron transfer formation of precipitates and microbially induced calcium precipitation (MICP) by bacteria. Algae provided an aerobic environment for the bacterial HN-AD process through photosynthesis, while respiration produced CO2 and adsorbed Ca[2+] to promote the formation of calcium precipitates. Immobilization of Ca[2+] with microalgae via bacterial MICP helped to lift microalgal photoinhibition. The bioremediation system provides theoretical support for research on micropolluted water treatment while increasing phosphorus recovery pathways.},
}
@article {pmid38992018,
year = {2024},
author = {Ma, C and Wang, J and Gao, Y and Dong, X and Feng, H and Yang, M and Yu, Y and Liu, C and Wu, X and Qi, Z and Mur, LAJ and Magne, K and Zou, J and Hu, Z and Tian, Z and Su, C and Ratet, P and Chen, Q and Xin, D},
title = {The type III effector NopL interacts with GmREM1a and GmNFR5 to promote symbiosis in soybean.},
journal = {Nature communications},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {5852},
pmid = {38992018},
issn = {2041-1723},
mesh = {*Glycine max/microbiology/metabolism ; *Symbiosis ; *Plant Proteins/metabolism/genetics ; *Sinorhizobium fredii/metabolism/genetics ; *Bacterial Proteins/metabolism/genetics ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Signal Transduction ; Plant Root Nodulation/genetics ; Plants, Genetically Modified ; },
abstract = {The establishment of symbiotic interactions between leguminous plants and rhizobia requires complex cellular programming activated by Rhizobium Nod factors (NFs) as well as type III effector (T3E)-mediated symbiotic signaling. However, the mechanisms by which different signals jointly affect symbiosis are still unclear. Here we describe the mechanisms mediating the cross-talk between the broad host range rhizobia Sinorhizobium fredii HH103 T3E Nodulation Outer Protein L (NopL) effector and NF signaling in soybean. NopL physically interacts with the Glycine max Remorin 1a (GmREM1a) and the NFs receptor NFR5 (GmNFR5) and promotes GmNFR5 recruitment by GmREM1a. Furthermore, NopL and NF influence the expression of GmRINRK1, a receptor-like kinase (LRR-RLK) ortholog of the Lotus RINRK1, that mediates NF signaling. Taken together, our work indicates that S. fredii NopL can interact with the NF signaling cascade components to promote the symbiotic interaction in soybean.},
}
@article {pmid38991926,
year = {2024},
author = {Serrano, K and Tedeschi, F and Andersen, SU and Scheller, HV},
title = {Unraveling plant-microbe symbioses using single-cell and spatial transcriptomics.},
journal = {Trends in plant science},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.tplants.2024.06.008},
pmid = {38991926},
issn = {1878-4372},
abstract = {Plant-microbe symbioses require intense interaction and genetic coordination to successfully establish in specific cell types of the host and symbiont. Traditional RNA-seq methodologies lack the cellular resolution to fully capture these complexities, but single-cell and spatial transcriptomics (ST) are now allowing scientists to probe symbiotic interactions at an unprecedented level of detail. Here, we discuss the advantages that novel spatial and single-cell transcriptomic technologies provide in studying plant-microbe endosymbioses and highlight key recent studies. Finally, we consider the remaining limitations of applying these approaches to symbiosis research, which are mainly related to the simultaneous capture of both plant and microbial transcripts within the same cells.},
}
@article {pmid38991755,
year = {2024},
author = {van Leeuwen, FWB and Buckle, T and van Oosterom, MN and Rietbergen, DDD},
title = {The Rise of Molecular Image-Guided Robotic Surgery.},
journal = {Journal of nuclear medicine : official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.2967/jnumed.124.267783},
pmid = {38991755},
issn = {1535-5667},
abstract = {Following early acceptance by urologists, the use of surgical robotic platforms is rapidly spreading to other surgical fields. This empowerment of surgical perception via robotic advances occurs in parallel to developments in intraoperative molecular imaging. Convergence of these efforts creates a logical incentive to advance the decades-old image-guided robotics paradigm. This yields new radioguided surgery strategies set to optimally exploit the symbiosis between the growing clinical translation of robotics and molecular imaging. These strategies intend to advance surgical precision by increasing dexterity and optimizing surgical decision-making. In this state-of-the-art review, topic-related developments in chemistry (tracer development) and engineering (medical device development) are discussed, and future scientific robotic growth markets for molecular imaging are presented.},
}
@article {pmid38990171,
year = {2024},
author = {Dar, MA and Xie, R and Zabed, HM and Pawar, KD and Dhole, NP and Sun, J},
title = {Current paradigms and future challenges in harnessing gut bacterial symbionts of insects for biodegradation of plastic wastes.},
journal = {Insect science},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/1744-7917.13417},
pmid = {38990171},
issn = {1744-7917},
support = {32250410285//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 2023YFC3403600//National Key R&amp;D Program of China/ ; WGXZ2023020L//Foreign Expert Program, Ministry of Science and Technology (MoST) of China/ ; },
abstract = {The ubiquitous incorporation of plastics into daily life, coupled with inefficient recycling practices, has resulted in the accumulation of millions of metric tons of plastic waste, that poses a serious threat to the Earth's sustainability. Plastic pollution, a global problem, disrupts the ecological balance and endangers various life forms. Efforts to combat plastic pollution are underway, with a promising avenue being biological degradation facilitated by certain insects and their symbiotic gut microorganisms, particularly bacteria. This review consolidates existing knowledge on plastic degradation by insects and their influence on gut microbiota. Additionally, it delves into the potential mechanisms employed by insects in symbiosis with gut bacteria, exploring the bioconversion of waste plastics into value-added biodegradable polymers through mineralization. These insights hold significant promise for the bio-upcycling of plastic waste, opening new horizons for future biomanufacturing of high-value chemicals from plastic-derived compounds. Finally, we weigh the pros and cons of future research endeavors related to the bioprospection of plastic-degrading bacteria from underexplored insect species. We also underscore the importance of bioengineering depolymerases with novel characteristics, aiming for their application in the remediation and valorization of waste plastics.},
}
@article {pmid38989851,
year = {2024},
author = {Stahlhut, KN and Neupert, DG and Laing, JE and Witt, LJ and Bauer, JT},
title = {Measuring leaf and root functional traits uncovers multidimensionality of plant responses to arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi.},
journal = {American journal of botany},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e16369},
doi = {10.1002/ajb2.16369},
pmid = {38989851},
issn = {1537-2197},
abstract = {PREMISE: While many studies have measured the aboveground responses of plants to mycorrhizal fungi at a single time point, little is known about how plants respond belowground or across time to mycorrhizal symbiosis. By measuring belowground responses and growth over time in many plant species, we create a more complete picture of how mycorrhizal fungi benefit their hosts.<br><br>METHODS: We grew 26 prairie plant species with and without mycorrhizal fungi and measured 14 functional traits to assess above- and belowground tissue quality and quantity responses and changes in resource allocation. We used function-valued trait (FVT) modeling to characterize changes in species growth rate when colonized.<br><br>RESULTS: While aboveground biomass responses were positive, the response of traits belowground were much more variable. Changes in aboveground biomass accounted for 60.8% of the variation in mycorrhizal responses, supporting the use of aboveground biomass response as the primary response trait. Responses belowground were not associated with aboveground responses and accounted for 18.3% of the variation. Growth responses over time were highly variable across species. Interestingly, none of the measured responses were phylogenetically conserved.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Mycorrhizal fungi increase plant growth in most scenarios, but the effects of these fungi belowground and across time are more complicated. This study highlights how differences in plant allocation priorities might affect how they utilize the benefits from mycorrhizal fungi. Identifying and characterizing these differences is a key step to understanding the effects of mycorrhizal mutualisms on whole plant physiology.},
}
@article {pmid38988135,
year = {2024},
author = {Mashini, AG and Oakley, CA and Peng, L and Grossman, AR and Weis, VM and Davy, SK},
title = {Proteomes of native and non-native symbionts reveal responses underpinning host-symbiont specificity in the cnidarian-dinoflagellate symbiosis.},
journal = {The ISME journal},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/ismejo/wrae122},
pmid = {38988135},
issn = {1751-7370},
abstract = {Cellular mechanisms responsible for the regulation of nutrient exchange, immune responses, and symbiont population growth in the cnidarian-dinoflagellate symbiosis are poorly resolved, particularly with respect to the dinoflagellate symbiont. Here, we characterised proteomic changes in the native symbiont Breviolum minutum during colonisation of its host sea anemone Exaiptasia diaphana ("Aiptasia"). We also compared the proteome of this native symbiont in the established symbiotic state with that of a non-native symbiont, Durusdinium trenchii. The onset of symbiosis between Aiptasia and Branchioglossum minutum increased accumulation of symbiont proteins associated with acquisition of inorganic carbon and photosynthesis, nitrogen metabolism, micro- and macronutrient starvation, suppression of host immune responses, tolerance to low pH, and management of oxidative stress. Such responses are consistent with a functional, persistent symbiosis. In contrast, D. trenchii predominantly showed elevated levels of immunosuppressive proteins, consistent with the view that this symbiont is an opportunist that forms a less beneficial, less well-integrated symbiosis with this model anemone. By adding symbiont analysis to the already known responses of the host proteome, our results provide a more holistic view of cellular processes that determine host-symbiont specificity and how differences in symbiont partners (i.e., native versus non-native symbionts) may impact the fitness of the cnidarian-dinoflagellate symbiosis.},
}
@article {pmid38987492,
year = {2024},
author = {Ng, MS and Soon, N and Afiq-Rosli, L and Kunning, I and Mana, RR and Chang, Y and Wainwright, BJ},
title = {Highly Diverse Symbiodiniaceae Types Hosted by Corals in a Global Hotspot of Marine Biodiversity.},
journal = {Microbial ecology},
volume = {87},
number = {1},
pages = {92},
pmid = {38987492},
issn = {1432-184X},
mesh = {*Anthozoa/microbiology ; Animals ; *Biodiversity ; *Dinoflagellida/genetics/classification/physiology ; *Symbiosis ; *Coral Reefs ; Papua New Guinea ; Phylogeny ; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing ; },
abstract = {Symbiotic dinoflagellates in the genus Symbiodiniaceae play vital roles in promoting resilience and increasing stress tolerance in their coral hosts. While much of the world's coral succumb to the stresses associated with increasingly severe and frequent thermal bleaching events, live coral cover in Papua New Guinea (PNG) remains some of the highest reported globally despite the historically warm waters surrounding the country. Yet, in spite of the high coral cover in PNG and the acknowledged roles Symbiodiniaceae play within their hosts, these communities have not been characterized in this global biodiversity hotspot. Using high-throughput sequencing of the ITS2 rDNA gene, we profiled the endosymbionts of four coral species, Diploastrea heliopora, Pachyseris speciosa, Pocillopora acuta, and Porites lutea, across six sites in PNG. Our findings reveal patterns of Cladocopium and Durusdinium dominance similar to other reefs in the Coral Triangle, albeit with much greater intra- and intergenomic variation. Host- and site-specific variations in Symbiodiniaceae type profiles were observed across collection sites, appearing to be driven by environmental conditions. Notably, the extensive intra- and intergenomic variation, coupled with many previously unreported sequences, highlight PNG as a potential hotspot of symbiont diversity. This work represents the first characterization of the coral-symbiont community structure in the PNG marine biodiversity hotspot, serving as a baseline for future studies.},
}
@article {pmid38986400,
year = {2024},
author = {Fernández-Pereira, C and Leiva, C and Luna-Galiano, Y and Vilches, LF and Arroyo, F},
title = {Improved recycling of a gasification fly ash: An integrated waste management approach within the framework of a Circular Economy.},
journal = {Waste management (New York, N.Y.)},
volume = {187},
number = {},
pages = {31-38},
doi = {10.1016/j.wasman.2024.06.029},
pmid = {38986400},
issn = {1879-2456},
abstract = {A Circular Waste Management alternative is considered in this paper in which a complete ash valorization process is proposed for an Integrated Gasification with Combined Cycle fly ash, trying to extract maximum value from this waste before it is discarded. In the paper, germanium, a scarce resource vital in our modern society, is first extracted from fly ash using water, with an extraction yield of 85%, and subsequently, the leached fly ash is used in the manufacture of fire-resistant boards containing 60% ash, thereby avoiding its disposal in a landfill. The potential environmental impact caused by the two stages of the process was analyzed, and the final effluent was considered to achieve a zero-discharge objective. This paper contributes to the development of a more sustainable management alternative for an industrial waste produced in increased amounts and provides the basis for a symbiotic coupling relationship among various industrial sectors.},
}
@article {pmid38985862,
year = {2024},
author = {Hoffmann, G and Lukarska, M and Clare, RH and Masters, EKG and Johnston, KL and Ford, L and Turner, JD and Ward, SA and Taylor, MJ and Jensen, MR and Palencia, A},
title = {Targeting a microbiota Wolbachian aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase to block its pathogenic host.},
journal = {Science advances},
volume = {10},
number = {28},
pages = {eado1453},
pmid = {38985862},
issn = {2375-2548},
mesh = {*Wolbachia/drug effects ; Humans ; *Microbiota ; Animals ; Leucine-tRNA Ligase/metabolism/antagonists &amp; inhibitors ; Amino Acyl-tRNA Synthetases/metabolism/antagonists &amp; inhibitors ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Boron Compounds/pharmacology/chemistry ; Symbiosis ; Models, Molecular ; },
abstract = {The interplay between humans and their microbiome is crucial for various physiological processes, including nutrient absorption, immune defense, and maintaining homeostasis. Microbiome alterations can directly contribute to diseases or heighten their likelihood. This relationship extends beyond humans; microbiota play vital roles in other organisms, including eukaryotic pathogens causing severe diseases. Notably, Wolbachia, a bacterial microbiota, is essential for parasitic worms responsible for lymphatic filariasis and onchocerciasis, devastating human illnesses. Given the lack of rapid cures for these infections and the limitations of current treatments, new drugs are imperative. Here, we disrupt Wolbachia's symbiosis with pathogens using boron-based compounds targeting an unprecedented Wolbachia enzyme, leucyl-tRNA synthetase (LeuRS), effectively inhibiting its growth. Through a compound demonstrating anti-Wolbachia efficacy in infected cells, we use biophysical experiments and x-ray crystallography to elucidate the mechanism behind Wolbachia LeuRS inhibition. We reveal that these compounds form adenosine-based adducts inhibiting protein synthesis. Overall, our study underscores the potential of disrupting key microbiota to control infections.},
}
@article {pmid38984200,
year = {2024},
author = {Yuan, S and Leng, P and Feng, Y and Jin, F and Zhang, H and Zhang, C and Huang, Y and Shan, Z and Yang, Z and Hao, Q and Chen, S and Chen, L and Cao, D and Guo, W and Yang, H and Chen, H and Zhou, X},
title = {Comparative genomic and transcriptomic analyses provide new insight into symbiotic host specificity.},
journal = {iScience},
volume = {27},
number = {7},
pages = {110207},
pmid = {38984200},
issn = {2589-0042},
abstract = {Host specificity plays important roles in expanding the host range of rhizobia, while the genetic information responsible for host specificity remains largely unexplored. In this report, the roots of four symbiotic systems with notable different symbiotic phenotypes and the control were studied at four different post-inoculation time points by RNA sequencning (RNA-seq). The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were divided into "found only in soybean or Lotus," "only expressed in soybean or Lotus," and "expressed in both hosts" according to the comparative genomic analysis. The distributions of enriched function ontology (GO) terms and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways vary significantly in different symbiotic systems. Host specific genes account for the majority of the DEGs involved in response to stimulus, associated with plant-pathogen interaction pathways, and encoding resistance (R) proteins, the symbiotic nitrogen fixation (SNF) proteins and the target proteins in the SNF-related modules. Our findings provided molecular candidates for better understanding the mechanisms of symbiotic host-specificity.},
}
@article {pmid38984156,
year = {2024},
author = {Jibran, R and Tahir, J and Andre, CM and Janssen, BJ and Drummond, RSM and Albert, NW and Zhou, Y and Davies, KM and Snowden, KC},
title = {DWARF27 and CAROTENOID CLEAVAGE DIOXYGENASE 7 genes regulate release, germination and growth of gemma in Marchantia polymorpha.},
journal = {Frontiers in plant science},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1358745},
pmid = {38984156},
issn = {1664-462X},
abstract = {Strigolactones (SLs), a class of carotenoid-derived hormones, play a crucial role in flowering plants by regulating underground communication with symbiotic arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AM) and controlling shoot and root architecture. While the functions of core SL genes have been characterized in many plants, their roles in non-tracheophyte plants like liverworts require further investigation. In this study, we employed the model liverwort species Marchantia polymorpha, which lacks detectable SL production and orthologs of key SL biosynthetic genes, including CAROTENOID CLEAVAGE DIOXYGENASE 8 (CCD8) and MORE AXILLARY GROWTH 1 (MAX1). However, it retains some SL pathway components, including DWARF27 (D27) and CCD7. To help elucidate the function of these remaining components in M. polymorpha, knockout mutants were generated for MpD27-1, MpD27-2 and MpCCD7. Phenotypic comparisons of these mutants with the wild-type control revealed a novel role for these genes in regulating the release of gemmae from the gemma cup and the germination and growth of gemmae in the dark. Mpd27-1, Mpd27-2, and Mpccd7 mutants showed lower transcript abundance of genes involved in photosynthesis, such as EARLY LIGHT INDUCED (ELI), and stress responses such as LATE EMBRYOGENESIS ABUNDANT (LEA) but exhibited higher transcript levels of ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTORS (ERFs) and SL and carotenoid related genes, such as TERPENE SYNTHASE (TS), CCD7 and LECITHIN-RETINAL ACYL TRANSFERASE (LRAT). Furthermore, the mutants of M. polymorpha in the SL pathway exhibited increased contents of carotenoid. This unveils a previously unrecognized role for MpD27-1, MpD27-2 and MpCCD7 in controlling release, germination, and growth of gemmae in response to varying light conditions. These discoveries enhance our comprehension of the regulatory functions of SL biosynthesis genes in non-flowering plants.},
}
@article {pmid38982749,
year = {2024},
author = {Schrecengost, A and Rotterová, J and Poláková, K and Čepička, I and Beinart, RA},
title = {Divergent marine anaerobic ciliates harbor closely related Methanocorpusculum endosymbionts.},
journal = {The ISME journal},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/ismejo/wrae125},
pmid = {38982749},
issn = {1751-7370},
abstract = {Ciliates are a diverse group of protists known for their ability to establish various partnerships and thrive in a wide variety of oxygen-depleted environments. Most anaerobic ciliates harbor methanogens, one of the few known archaea living intracellularly. These methanogens increase the metabolic efficiency of host fermentation via syntrophic use of host end-product in methanogenesis. Despite the ubiquity of these symbioses in anoxic habitats, patterns of symbiont specificity and fidelity are not well known. We surveyed two unrelated, commonly found groups of anaerobic ciliates, the Plagiopylea and Metopida, isolated from anoxic marine sediments. We sequenced host 18S rRNA and symbiont 16S rRNA marker genes as well as the symbiont ITS region from our cultured ciliates to identify hosts and their associated methanogenic symbionts. We found that marine ciliates from both of these co-occurring, divergent groups harbor closely related yet distinct intracellular archaea within the Methanocorpusculum genus. The symbionts appear to be stable at the host species level, but at higher taxonomic levels, there is evidence that symbiont replacements have occurred. Gaining insight into this unique association will deepen our understanding of the complex transmission modes of marine microbial symbionts, and the mutualistic microbial interactions occurring across domains of life.},
}
@article {pmid38982472,
year = {2024},
author = {Boanyah, GY and Koekemoer, LL and Herren, JK and Bukhari, T},
title = {Effect of Microsporidia MB infection on the development and fitness of Anopheles arabiensis under different diet regimes.},
journal = {Parasites &amp; vectors},
volume = {17},
number = {1},
pages = {294},
pmid = {38982472},
issn = {1756-3305},
support = {SYMBIOVECTOR Track A//Open Philanthropy/ ; SYMBIOVECTOR Track A//Open Philanthropy/ ; SYMBIOVECTOR Track A//Open Philanthropy/ ; INV0225840//Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation/ ; INV0225840//Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation/ ; INV0225840//Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation/ ; Ref Numbers SRUG2203311457//National Research Foundation of South Africa/ ; SMBV-FFT//Children's Investment Fund Foundation/ ; SMBV-FFT//Children's Investment Fund Foundation/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Anopheles/microbiology/physiology/parasitology ; Female ; *Larva/microbiology/growth &amp; development ; *Microsporidia/physiology ; *Diet ; Symbiosis ; Mosquito Vectors/microbiology/physiology ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Microsporidia MB (MB) is a naturally occurring symbiont of Anopheles and has recently been identified as having a potential to inhibit the transmission of Plasmodium in mosquitoes. MB intensity is high in mosquito gonads, with no fitness consequences for the mosquito, and is linked to horizontal (sexual) and vertical (transovarial) transmission from one mosquito to another. Maximising MB intensity and transmission is important for maintaining heavily infected mosquito colonies for experiments and ultimately for mosquito releases. We have investigated how diet affects the MB-Anopheles arabiensis symbiosis phenotypes, such as larval development and mortality, adult size and survival, as well as MB intensity in both larvae and adults.<br><br>METHODS: F1 larvae of G0 females confirmed to be An. arabiensis and infected with MB were either combined (group lines [GLs]) or reared separately (isofemale lines [IMLs]) depending on the specific experiment. Four diet regimes (all mg/larva/day) were tested on F1 GLs: Tetramin 0.07, Tetramin 0.3, Gocat 0.3 and Cerelac 0.3. GLs reared on Tetramin 0.3&#xa0;mg/larva/day were then fed either a 1% or 6% glucose diet to determine adult survival. Larvae of IMLs were fed Tetramin 0.07&#xa0;mg and Tetramin 0.3&#xa0;mg for larval experiments. The mosquitoes in the adult experiments with IMLs were reared on 1% or 6% glucose.<br><br>RESULTS: Amongst the four larval diet regimes tested on An. arabiensis development in the presence of MB, the fastest larval development highest adult emergence, largest body size of mosquitoes, highest prevalence and highest density of MB occurred in those fed Tetramin 0.3&#xa0;mg/larva/day. Although adult MB-positive mosquitoes fed on 6% glucose survived longer than MB-negative mosquitoes, there was no such effect for those fed on the 1% glucose diet. Development time, wing length and adult survival were not significantly different between MB-infected and uninfected An. arabiensis fed on the Tetramin 0.07&#xa0;mg/larva/day diet, demonstrating that the MB-conferred fitness advantage was diet-dependent.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Microsporidia MB does not adversely impact the development and fitness of An. arabiensis, even under limited dietary conditions. The diet regime of Tetramin 0.3&#xa0;mg/larva/day + 6% glucose for adults is the superior diet for the mass rearing of MB-infected An. arabiensis mosquitoes. These results are important for rearing MB-infected An. arabiensis in the laboratory for experiments and the mass rearing required for field releases.},
}
@article {pmid38981617,
year = {2024},
author = {Hamada, R and Yonezawa, A and Matsumoto, K and Mitani, T and Takagi, T and Muto, A and Igarashi, K and Naito, Y and Higashimura, Y},
title = {BTB and CNC homology 1 deficiency disrupts intestinal IgA secretion through regulation of polymeric immunoglobulin receptor expression.},
journal = {American journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1152/ajpgi.00215.2023},
pmid = {38981617},
issn = {1522-1547},
support = {21K05471//MEXT | Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS)/ ; 24K08812//MEXT | Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS)/ ; 20K08292//MEXT | Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS)/ ; JPJ009842//Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF)/ ; JPMJPF2210//MEXT | JST | Co-creation place formation support program (COI-NEXT)/ ; },
abstract = {Immunoglobulin A (IgA)-mediated mucosal immunity is important for the host because it contributes to reducing infection risk and to establishing host-microbe symbiosis. BTB and CNC homology 1 (Bach1) is a transcriptional repressor with physiological and pathophysiological functions that are of particular interest for their relation to gastrointestinal diseases. However, Bach1 effects on IgA-mediated mucosal immunity remain unknown. For this study using Bach1-deficient (Bach1[-/-]) mice, we investigated the function of Bach1 in IgA-mediated mucosal immunity. Intestinal mucosa, feces, and plasma IgA were examined using immunosorbent assay. After cell suspensions were prepared from Peyer's patches and colonic lamina propria, they were examined using flow cytometry. The expression level of polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR), which plays an important role in the transepithelial transport of IgA, was evaluated using Western blotting, quantitative real-time PCR, and immunohistochemistry. Although no changes in the proportions of IgA-producing cells were observed, the amounts of IgA in the intestinal mucosa were increased in Bach1[-/-] mice. Furthermore, plasma IgA was increased in Bach1[-/-] mice, but fecal IgA was decreased, indicating that Bach1[-/-] mice have abnormal secretion of IgA into the intestinal lumen. In fact, Bach1 deficiency reduced pIgR expression in colonic mucosa at both the protein and mRNA levels. In the human intestinal epithelial cell line LS174T, suppression of Bach1 reduced pIgR mRNA stability. In contrast, overexpression of Bach1 increased pIgR mRNA stability. These results demonstrate that Bach1 deficiency causes abnormal secretion of IgA into the intestinal lumen via suppression of pIgR expression.},
}
@article {pmid38981524,
year = {2024},
author = {Probst, RS and Longino, JT and Branstetter, MG},
title = {Evolutionary déjà vu? A case of convergent evolution in an ant-plant association.},
journal = {Proceedings. Biological sciences},
volume = {291},
number = {2026},
pages = {20241214},
doi = {10.1098/rspb.2024.1214},
pmid = {38981524},
issn = {1471-2954},
support = {//Society of Systematic Biologists/ ; //The Center for Latin American Studies at the University of Utah/ ; //The Linnaean Society of London/ ; //Division of Environmental Biology - National Science Foundation/ ; },
mesh = {*Ants/physiology/genetics ; *Symbiosis ; Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; *Phylogeny ; South America ; Central America ; Myrmecophytes ; },
abstract = {Obligatory ant-plant symbioses often appear to be single evolutionary shifts within particular ant lineages; however, convergence can be revealed once natural history observations are complemented with molecular phylogenetics. Here, we describe a remarkable example of convergent evolution in an ant-plant symbiotic system. Exclusively arboreal, Myrmelachista species can be generalized opportunists nesting in several plant species or obligately symbiotic, live-stem nesters of a narrow set of plant species. Instances of specialization within Myrmelachista are known from northern South America and throughout Middle America. In Middle America, a diverse radiation of specialists occupies understory treelets of lowland rainforests. The morphological and behavioural uniformity of specialists suggests that they form a monophyletic assemblage, diversifying after a single origin of specialization. Using ultraconserved element phylogenomics and ancestral state reconstructions, we show that shifts from opportunistic to obligately symbiotic evolved independently in South and Middle America. Furthermore, our analyses support a remarkable case of convergence within the Middle American radiation, with two independently evolved specialist clades, arising nearly simultaneously from putative opportunistic ancestors during the late Pliocene. This repeated evolution of a complex phenotype suggests similar mechanisms behind trait shifts from opportunists to specialists, generating further questions about the selective forces driving specialization.},
}
@article {pmid38980277,
year = {2024},
author = {Garschall, K and Pascual-Carreras, E and García-Pascual, B and Filimonova, D and Guse, A and Johnston, IG and Steinmetz, PRH},
title = {The cellular basis of feeding-dependent body size plasticity in sea anemones.},
journal = {Development (Cambridge, England)},
volume = {151},
number = {20},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1242/dev.202926},
pmid = {38980277},
issn = {1477-9129},
support = {234817//Norges Forskningsr&#xe5;d/ ; ALTF 406-2021//EMBO/ ; /ERC_/European Research Council/International ; 805046 (EvoConBiO)//Horizon 2020/ ; 724715//H2020 European Research Council/ ; //University of Bergen/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Sea Anemones/cytology/physiology ; *Body Size ; *Cell Proliferation ; Cell Cycle/physiology ; Feeding Behavior/physiology ; Signal Transduction ; Symbiosis ; TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism ; },
abstract = {Many animals share a lifelong capacity to adapt their growth rates and body sizes to changing environmental food supplies. However, the cellular and molecular basis underlying this plasticity remains only poorly understood. We therefore studied how the sea anemones Nematostella vectensis and Aiptasia (Exaiptasia pallida) respond to feeding and starvation. Combining quantifications of body size and cell numbers with mathematical modelling, we observed that growth and shrinkage rates in Nematostella are exponential, stereotypic and accompanied by dramatic changes in cell numbers. Notably, shrinkage rates, but not growth rates, are independent of body size. In the facultatively symbiotic Aiptasia, we show that growth and cell proliferation rates are dependent on the symbiotic state. On a cellular level, we found that >7% of all cells in Nematostella juveniles reversibly shift between S/G2/M and G1/G0 cell cycle phases when fed or starved, respectively. Furthermore, we demonstrate that polyp growth and cell proliferation are dependent on TOR signalling during feeding. Altogether, we provide a benchmark and resource for further investigating the nutritional regulation of body plasticity on multiple scales using the genetic toolkit available for Nematostella.},
}
@article {pmid38979873,
year = {2024},
author = {Chávez-González, JD and Flores-Núñez, VM and Merino-Espinoza, IU and Partida-Martínez, LP},
title = {Desert plants, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and associated bacteria: Exploring the diversity and role of symbiosis under drought.},
journal = {Environmental microbiology reports},
volume = {16},
number = {4},
pages = {e13300},
pmid = {38979873},
issn = {1758-2229},
support = {//CONAHCYT (Consejo Nacional de Humanidades Ciencias y Tecnologias)/ ; A1-S-9889//Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnolog&#xed;a/ ; IDEAGTO/CONV/014/2022//IDEA GTO/ ; },
mesh = {*Mycorrhizae/physiology/classification/genetics ; *Symbiosis ; *Droughts ; *Desert Climate ; *Soil Microbiology ; *Bacteria/classification/genetics/isolation &amp; purification/metabolism ; Agave/microbiology ; Biodiversity ; Plant Roots/microbiology ; },
abstract = {Desert plants, such as Agave tequilana, A. salmiana and Myrtillocactus geometrizans, can survive harsh environmental conditions partly due to their symbiotic relationships with microorganisms, including arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). Interestingly, some of these fungi also harbour endosymbiotic bacteria. Our research focused on investigating the diversity of these AMFs and their associated bacteria in these plants growing in arid soil. We found that agaves have a threefold higher AMF colonization than M. geometrizans. Metabarcoding techniques revealed that the composition of AMF communities was primarily influenced by the plant host, while the bacterial communities were more affected by the specific plant compartment or niche they inhabited. We identified both known and novel endofungal bacterial taxa, including Burkholderiales, and confirmed their presence within AMF spores using multiphoton microscopy. Our study also explored the effects of drought on the symbiosis between A. tequilana and AMF. We discovered that the severity of drought conditions could modulate the strength of this symbiosis and its outcomes for the plant holobiont. Severe drought conditions prevented the formation of this symbiosis, while moderate drought conditions promoted it, thereby conferring drought tolerance in A. tequilana. This research sheds light on the diversity of AMF and associated bacteria in Crassulacean Acid Metabolism (CAM) plants and underscores the crucial role of drought as a factor modulating the symbiosis between A. tequilana and AMF. Further research is needed to understand the role of endofungal bacteria in this response.},
}
@article {pmid38979008,
year = {2024},
author = {Anderson, MD and Taylor, DL and Olson, K and Ruess, RW},
title = {Composition of soil Frankia assemblages across ecological drivers parallels that of nodule assemblages in Alnus incana ssp. tenuifolia in interior Alaska.},
journal = {Ecology and evolution},
volume = {14},
number = {7},
pages = {e11458},
pmid = {38979008},
issn = {2045-7758},
abstract = {In root nodule symbioses (RNS) between nitrogen (N)-fixing bacteria and plants, bacterial symbionts cycle between nodule-inhabiting and soil-inhabiting niches that exert differential selection pressures on bacterial traits. Little is known about how the resulting evolutionary tension between host plants and symbiotic bacteria structures naturally occurring bacterial assemblages in soils. We used DNA cloning to examine soil-dwelling assemblages of the actinorhizal symbiont Frankia in sites with long-term stable assemblages in Alnus incana ssp. tenuifolia nodules. We compared: (1) phylogenetic diversity of Frankia in soil versus nodules, (2) change in Frankia assemblages in soil versus nodules in response to environmental variation: both across succession, and in response to long-term fertilization with N and phosphorus, and (3) soil assemblages in the presence and absence of host plants. Phylogenetic diversity was much greater in soil-dwelling than nodule-dwelling assemblages and fell into two large clades not previously observed. The presence of host plants was associated with enhanced representation of genotypes specific to A. tenuifolia, and decreased representation of genotypes specific to a second Alnus species. The relative proportion of symbiotic sequence groups across a primary chronosequence was similar in both soil and nodule assemblages. Contrary to expectations, both N and P enhanced symbiotic genotypes relative to non-symbiotic ones. Our results provide a rare set of field observations against which predictions from theoretical and experimental work in the evolutionary ecology of RNS can be compared.},
}
@article {pmid38977968,
year = {2024},
author = {Li, X and Liu, Q and Gao, Y and Zang, P and Zheng, T},
title = {Effects of a co-bacterial agent on the growth, disease control, and quality of ginseng based on rhizosphere microbial diversity.},
journal = {BMC plant biology},
volume = {24},
number = {1},
pages = {647},
pmid = {38977968},
issn = {1471-2229},
support = {2022YFF1300503//National Key Research and Development Program of China/ ; 20220401110YY//Science and Technology Development Program of Jilin Province/ ; },
mesh = {*Panax/microbiology/growth &amp; development/drug effects ; *Rhizosphere ; *Plant Diseases/microbiology/prevention &amp; control ; *Paenibacillus polymyxa ; *Ginsenosides ; Bacillus cereus/drug effects/growth &amp; development ; Soil Microbiology ; Endophytes/physiology/drug effects ; Microbiota/drug effects ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The ginseng endophyte Paenibacillus polymyxa Pp-7250 (Pp-7250) has multifaceted roles such as preventing ginseng diseases, promoting growth, increasing ginsenoside accumulation, and degrading pesticide residues, however, these effects still have room for improvements. Composite fungicides are an effective means to improve the biocontrol effect of fungicides, but the effect of Pp-7250 in combination with its symbiotic bacteria on ginseng needs to be further investigated, and its mechanism of action has not been elucidated. In this study, a series of experiments was conducted to elucidate the effect of Paenibacillus polymyxa and Bacillus cereus co-bacterial agent on the yield and quality of understory ginseng, and to investigate their mechanism of action.<br><br>RESULTS: The results indicated that P. polymyxa and B. cereus co-bacterial agent (PB) treatment improved ginseng yield, ginsenoside accumulation, disease prevention, and pesticide degradation. The mechanism is that PB treatment increased the abundance of beneficial microorganisms, including Rhodanobacter, Pseudolabrys, Gemmatimonas, Bacillus, Paenibacillus, Cortinarius, Russula, Paecilomyces, and Trechispora, and decreased the abundance of pathogenic microorganisms, including Ellin6067, Acidibacter, Fusarium, Tetracladium, Alternaria, and Ilyonectria in ginseng rhizosphere soil. PB co-bacterial agents enhanced the function of microbial metabolic pathways, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, biosynthesis of antibiotics, biosynthesis of amino acids, carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes, DNA replication, and terpenoid backbone biosynthesis, and decreased the function of microbial plant pathogens and animal pathogens.<br><br>CONCLUSION: The combination of P. polymyxa and B. cereus may be a potential biocontrol agent to promote the resistance of ginseng to disease and improve the yield, quality, and pesticide degradation.},
}
@article {pmid38977639,
year = {2024},
author = {Scheifler, M and Wilhelm, L and Visser, B},
title = {Lipid Metabolism in Parasitoids and Parasitized Hosts.},
journal = {Advances in experimental medicine and biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {38977639},
issn = {0065-2598},
abstract = {Parasitoids have an exceptional lifestyle where juvenile development is spent on or in a single host insect, but the adults are free-living. Unlike parasites, parasitoids kill the host. How parasitoids use such a limiting resource, particularly lipids, can affect chances to survive and reproduce. In part 1, we describe the parasitoid lifestyle, including typical developmental strategies. Lipid metabolism in parasitoids has been of interest to researchers since the 1960s and continues to fascinate ecologists, evolutionists, physiologists, and entomologists alike. One reason of this interest is that the majority of parasitoids do not accumulate triacylglycerols as adults. Early research revealed that some parasitoid larvae mimic the fatty acid composition of the host, which may result from a lack of de novo triacylglycerol synthesis. More recent work has focused on the evolution of lack of adult triacylglycerol accumulation and consequences for life history traits. In part 2 of this chapter, we discuss research efforts on lipid metabolism in parasitoids from the 1960s onwards. Parasitoids are also master manipulators of host physiology, including lipid metabolism, having evolved a range of mechanisms to affect the release, synthesis, transport, and take-up of lipids from the host. We lay out the effects of parasitism on host physiology in part 3 of this chapter.},
}
@article {pmid38977291,
year = {2024},
author = {Ogawa, M and Matsutani, M and Katayama, T and Takada, N and Noda, S and Takahashi, M and Kageyama, D and Hanaoka, N and Ebihara, H},
title = {Discovery of a novel spotted fever group Rickettsia, "Candidatus Rickettsia kedanie," in unfed larval chigger mites, Leptotrombidium scutellare.},
journal = {Microbiology and immunology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/1348-0421.13161},
pmid = {38977291},
issn = {1348-0421},
support = {//Ministry of Education and Science/ ; },
abstract = {Spotted fever group (SFG) rickettsia, the causative agent of SFG rickettsiosis, is predominantly carried by ticks, whereas Orientia tsutusgamushi, the causative agent of scrub typhus, is primarily transmitted by chigger mites in Japan. In this study, we attempted to isolate intracellular eubacteria from Leptotrombidium scutellare, a major vector of O. tsutsugamushi; moreover, we isolated an SFG rickettsia using a mosquito-derived cell line. Draft genome sequences of this unique isolate, by applying criteria for species delimitation, classified this isolate as a novel strain, proposed as "Rickettsia kedanie." Further genetic analysis identified conserved virulence factors, and the isolate successfully propagated in mammalian cells, suggesting its ability to cause diseases in humans. The presence of SFG rickettsia in unfed larvae implies potential dual-pathogen carriage and reflects a symbiotic relationship similar to that between the mites and O. tsutsugamushi, indicating possibility of its transovarial transmission from female adults. Furthermore, conserved genomic similarity of the novel isolate to known SFG rickettsia suggests potential multiple hosts, including chiggers and ticks. In the natural environment, ticks, chigger mites, and wild animals may carry new isolates, complicating the infection cycle and increasing the transmission risks to humans. This discovery challenges the conventional association of SFG rickettsia with ticks, emphasizing its implications for research and disease control. However, this study was confined to a particular species of chigger mites and geographic area, underscoring the necessity for additional studies to comprehend the ecological dynamics, host interactions, and health implications linked to this newly identified SFG rickettsia.},
}
@article {pmid38975756,
year = {2024},
author = {Schaus, SR and Vasconcelos Pereira, G and Luis, AS and Madlambayan, E and Terrapon, N and Ostrowski, MP and Jin, C and Henrissat, B and Hansson, GC and Martens, EC},
title = {Ruminococcus torques is a keystone degrader of intestinal mucin glycoprotein, releasing oligosaccharides used by Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron.},
journal = {mBio},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e0003924},
doi = {10.1128/mbio.00039-24},
pmid = {38975756},
issn = {2150-7511},
abstract = {Symbiotic interactions between humans and our communities of resident gut microbes (microbiota) play many roles in health and disease. Some gut bacteria utilize mucus as a nutrient source and can under certain conditions damage the protective barrier it forms, increasing disease susceptibility. We investigated how Ruminococcus torques-a known mucin degrader that has been implicated in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs)-degrades mucin glycoproteins or their component O-linked glycans to understand its effects on the availability of mucin-derived nutrients for other bacteria. We found that R. torques utilizes both mucin glycoproteins and released oligosaccharides from gastric and colonic mucins, degrading these substrates with a panoply of mostly constitutively expressed, secreted enzymes. Investigation of mucin oligosaccharide degradation by R. torques revealed strong α-L-fucosidase, sialidase and β1,4-galactosidase activities. There was a lack of detectable sulfatase and weak β1,3-galactosidase degradation, resulting in accumulation of glycans containing these structures on mucin polypeptides. While the Gram-negative symbiont, Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron grows poorly on mucin glycoproteins, we demonstrate a clear ability of R. torques to liberate products from mucins, making them accessible to B. thetaiotaomicron. This work underscores the diversity of mucin-degrading mechanisms in different bacterial species and the probability that some species are contingent on others for the ability to more fully access mucin-derived nutrients. The ability of R. torques to directly degrade a variety of mucin and mucin glycan structures and unlock released glycans for other species suggests that it is a keystone mucin degrader, which might contribute to its association with IBD.IMPORTANCEAn important facet of maintaining healthy symbiosis between host and intestinal microbes is the mucus layer, the first defense protecting the epithelium from lumenal bacteria. Some gut bacteria degrade the various components of intestinal mucins, but detailed mechanisms used by different species are still emerging. It is imperative to understand these mechanisms as they likely dictate interspecies interactions and may illuminate species associated with bacterial mucus damage and subsequent disease susceptibility. Ruminococcus torques is positively associated with IBD in multiple studies. We identified mucin glycan-degrading enzymes in R. torques and found that it shares mucin degradation products with another species of gut bacteria, Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron. Our findings underscore the importance of understanding mucin degradation mechanisms in different gut bacteria and their consequences on interspecies interactions, which may identify keystone bacteria that disproportionately affect mucus damage and could therefore be key players in effects that result from reductions in mucus integrity.},
}
@article {pmid38975469,
year = {2024},
author = {Kalani, M and Anjankar, A},
title = {Revolutionizing Neurology: The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Advancing Diagnosis and Treatment.},
journal = {Cureus},
volume = {16},
number = {6},
pages = {e61706},
pmid = {38975469},
issn = {2168-8184},
abstract = {Artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a powerful tool in the field of neurology, significantly impacting the diagnosis and treatment of neurological disorders. Recent technological breakthroughs have given us access to a plethora of information relevant to many aspects of neurology. Neuroscience and AI share a long history of collaboration. Along with great potential, we encounter obstacles relating to data quality, ethics, and inherent difficulty in applying data science in healthcare. Neurological disorders pose intricate challenges due to their complex manifestations and variability. Automating image interpretation tasks, AI algorithms accurately identify brain structures and detect abnormalities. This accelerates diagnosis and reduces the workload on medical professionals. Treatment optimization benefits from AI simulations that model different scenarios and predict outcomes. These AI systems can currently perform many of the sophisticated perceptual and cognitive capacities of biological systems, such as object identification and decision making. Furthermore, AI is rapidly being used as a tool in neuroscience research, altering our understanding of brain functioning. It has the ability to revolutionize healthcare as we know it into a system in which humans and robots collaborate to deliver better care for our patients. Image analysis activities such as recognizing particular brain regions, calculating changes in brain volume over time, and detecting abnormalities in brain scans can be automated by AI systems. This lessens the strain on radiologists and neurologists while improving diagnostic accuracy and efficiency. It is now obvious that cutting-edge artificial intelligence models combined with high-quality clinical data will lead to enhanced prognostic and diagnostic models in neurological illness, permitting expert-level clinical decision aids across healthcare settings. In conclusion, AI's integration into neurology has revolutionized diagnosis, treatment, and research. As AI technologies advance, they promise to unravel the complexities of neurological disorders further, leading to improved patient care and quality of life. The symbiosis of AI and neurology offers a glimpse into a future where innovation and compassion converge to reshape neurological healthcare. This abstract provides a concise overview of the role of AI in neurology and its transformative potential.},
}
@article {pmid38974980,
year = {2024},
author = {Guo, S and Xia, L and Xia, D and Li, M and Xu, W and Liu, L},
title = {Enhancing plant resilience: arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi's role in alleviating drought stress in vegetation concrete.},
journal = {Frontiers in plant science},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1401050},
pmid = {38974980},
issn = {1664-462X},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Drought stress usually inhibits plant growth, which may increase the difficulty of greening slopes.<br><br>METHODS: In this study, we systematically investigated the effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi on the growth and drought tolerance of two plant species, Festuca elata and Cassia glauca, in a vegetation concrete environment by exogenously inoculating AM fungi and setting three drought levels: well water, moderate drought and severe drought. The results showed that plant growth was significantly inhibited under drought stress; however, AM fungi inoculation significantly promoted plant height, root length, and above- and belowground biomass in these two plant species.<br><br>RESULTS: Compared with, those in the CK treatment, the greatest increases in the net photosynthesis rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate in the AM treatment group were 36.72%, 210.08%, and 66.41%, respectively. Moreover, inoculation with AM fungi increased plant superoxide dismutase and catalase activities by 4.70-150.73% and 9.10-95.70%, respectively, and reduced leaf malondialdehyde content by 2.79-55.01%, which alleviated the damage caused by oxidative stress. These effects alleviated the damage caused by oxidative stress and increased the content of soluble sugars and soluble proteins in plant leaves by 1.52-65.44% and 4.67-97.54%, respectively, which further increased the drought adaptability of plants. However, inoculation with AM fungi had different effects on different plants.<br><br>CONCLUSION: In summary, this study demonstrated that the inoculation of AM fungi in vegetation concrete environments can significantly increase plant growth and drought tolerance. The plants that formed a symbiotic structure with AM fungi had a larger root uptake area, greater water uptake capacity, and greater photosynthesis and gas exchange efficiency. In addition, AM fungi inoculation further increased the drought adaptability of the plants by increasing their antioxidant enzyme activity and regulating their metabolite content. These findings are highly important for promoting plant growth and increasing drought tolerance under drought conditions, especially for potential practical applications in areas such as slope protection, and provide useful references for future ecological engineering and sustainable development.},
}
@article {pmid38974028,
year = {2024},
author = {Zhang, J and Yang, S and Rehman, KU},
title = {Editorial: Gut microbiome in black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens L.) larvae: symbiosis, function, and application.},
journal = {Frontiers in microbiology},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1441577},
doi = {10.3389/fmicb.2024.1441577},
pmid = {38974028},
issn = {1664-302X},
}
@article {pmid38973451,
year = {2024},
author = {Qi, J and Mao, Y and Cui, J and Lu, X and Xu, J and Liu, Y and Zhong, H and Yu, W and Li, C},
title = {The role of strigolactones in resistance to environmental stress in plants.},
journal = {Physiologia plantarum},
volume = {176},
number = {4},
pages = {e14419},
doi = {10.1111/ppl.14419},
pmid = {38973451},
issn = {1399-3054},
support = {to C.L.//Changxia LI/ ; 31660568//Wenjin Yu/ ; GuikeAA22068088//Wenjin Yu/ ; },
mesh = {*Lactones/metabolism ; *Stress, Physiological ; *Plant Growth Regulators/metabolism ; Plants/metabolism/drug effects/genetics ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant/drug effects ; },
abstract = {Abiotic stress impairs plant growth and development, thereby causing low yield and inferior quality of crops. Increasing studies reported that strigolactones (SL) are plant hormones that enhance plant stress resistance by regulating plant physiological processes and gene expressions. In this review, we introduce the response and regulatory role of SL in salt, drought, light, heat, cold and cadmium stresses in plants. This review also discusses how SL alleviate the damage of abiotic stress in plants, furthermore, introducing the mechanisms of SL enhancing plant stress resistance at the genetic level. Under abiotic stress, the exogenous SL analog GR24 can induce the biosynthesis of SL in plants, and endogenous SL can alleviate the damage caused by abiotic stress. SL enhanced the stress resistance of plants by protecting photosynthesis, enhancing the antioxidant capacity of plants and promoting the symbiosis between plants and arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM). SL interact with abscisic acid (ABA), salicylic acid (SA), auxin, cytokinin (CK), jasmonic acid (JA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and other signal molecules to jointly regulate plant stress resistance. Lastly, both the importance of SL and their challenges for future work are outlined in order to further elucidate the specific mechanisms underlying the roles of SL in plant responses to abiotic stress.},
}
@article {pmid38973063,
year = {2024},
author = {Yu, B and Zhou, C and Wang, Z and Bucher, M and Schaaf, G and Sawers, RJH and Chen, X and Hochholdinger, F and Zou, C and Yu, P},
title = {Maize zinc uptake is influenced by arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis under various soil phosphorus availabilities.},
journal = {The New phytologist},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/nph.19952},
pmid = {38973063},
issn = {1469-8137},
support = {31272657//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 403671039//Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft/ ; YU272/4-1//Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft/ ; 444755415//Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft/ ; 390732324//Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft/ ; 328017493/GRK 2366//Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft/ ; 202106350061//China Scholarship Council/ ; 2022-67013-38264//United States Department of Agriculture (USDA)/ ; PEN04734//USDA Hatch Appropriations/ ; },
abstract = {The antagonistic interplay between phosphorus (P) and zinc (Zn) in plants is well established. However, the molecular mechanisms mediating those interactions as influenced by arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis remain unclear. We investigated Zn concentrations, root AM symbiosis, and transcriptome profiles of maize roots grown under field conditions upon different P levels. We also validated genotype-dependent P-Zn uptake in selected genotypes from a MAGIC population and conducted mycorrhizal inoculation experiments using mycorrhizal-defective mutant pht1;6 to elucidate the significance of AM symbiosis in P-Zn antagonism. Finally, we assessed how P supply affects Zn transporters and Zn uptake in extraradical hyphae within a three-compartment system. Elevated P levels led to a significant reduction in maize Zn concentration across the population, correlating with a marked decline in AM symbiosis, thus elucidating the P-Zn antagonism. We also identified ZmPht1;6 is crucial for AM symbiosis and confirmed that P-Zn antagonistic uptake is dependent on AM symbiosis. Moreover, we found that high P suppressed the expression of the fungal RiZRT1 and RiZnT1 genes, potentially impacting hyphal Zn uptake. We conclude that high P exerts systemic regulation over root and AM hyphae-mediated Zn uptake in maize. These findings hold implications for breeding Zn deficiency-tolerant maize varieties.},
}
@article {pmid38972970,
year = {2024},
author = {Marulanda-Gomez, AM and Ribes, M and Franzenburg, S and Hentschel, U and Pita, L},
title = {Transcriptomic responses of Mediterranean sponges upon encounter with symbiont microbial consortia.},
journal = {BMC genomics},
volume = {25},
number = {1},
pages = {674},
pmid = {38972970},
issn = {1471-2164},
mesh = {*Symbiosis/genetics ; *Porifera/microbiology/genetics ; Animals ; *Transcriptome ; *Microbial Consortia/genetics ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Mediterranean Sea ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Sponges (phylum Porifera) constantly interact with microbes. They graze on microbes from the water column by filter-feeding and they harbor symbiotic partners within their bodies. In experimental setups, sponges take up symbionts at lower rates compared with seawater microbes. This suggests that sponges have the capacity to differentiate between microbes and preferentially graze in non-symbiotic microbes, although the underlying mechanisms of discrimination are still poorly understood. Genomic studies showed that, compared to other animal groups, sponges present an extended repertoire of immune receptors, in particular NLRs, SRCRs, and GPCRs, and a handful of experiments showed that sponges regulate the expression of these receptors upon encounter with microbial elicitors. We hypothesize that sponges may rely on differential expression of their diverse repertoire of poriferan immune receptors to sense different microbial consortia while filter-feeding. To test this, we characterized the transcriptomic response of two sponge species, Aplysina aerophoba and Dysidea avara, upon incubation with microbial consortia extracted from A. aerophoba in comparison with incubation with seawater microbes. The sponges were sampled after 1 h, 3 h, and 5 h for RNA-Seq differential gene expression analysis.<br><br>RESULTS: D. avara incubated with A. aerophoba-symbionts regulated the expression of genes related to immunity, ubiquitination, and signaling. Within the set of differentially-expressed immune genes we identified different families of Nucleotide Oligomerization Domain (NOD)-Like Receptors (NLRs). These results represent the first experimental evidence that different types of NLRs are involved in microbial discrimination in a sponge. In contrast, the transcriptomic response of A. aerophoba to its own symbionts involved comparatively fewer genes and lacked genes encoding for immune receptors.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Our work suggests that: (i) the transcriptomic response of sponges upon microbial exposure may imply "fine-tuning" of baseline gene expression as a result of their interaction with microbes, (ii) the differential response of sponges to microbial encounters varied between the species, probably due to species-specific characteristics or related to host's traits, and (iii) immune receptors belonging to different families of NLR-like genes played a role in the differential response to microbes, whether symbionts or food bacteria. The regulation of these receptors in sponges provides further evidence of the potential role of NLRs in invertebrate host-microbe interactions. The study of sponge responses to microbes exemplifies how investigating different animal groups broadens our knowledge of the evolution of immune specificity and symbiosis.},
}
@article {pmid38971740,
year = {2024},
author = {Bhat, A and Sharma, R and Desigan, K and Lucas, MM and Mishra, A and Bowers, RM and Woyke, T and Epstein, B and Tiffin, P and Pueyo, JJ and Paape, T},
title = {Horizontal gene transfer of the Mer operon is associated with large effects on the transcriptome and increased tolerance to mercury in nitrogen-fixing bacteria.},
journal = {BMC microbiology},
volume = {24},
number = {1},
pages = {247},
pmid = {38971740},
issn = {1471-2180},
support = {Quantitative Plant Science Initiative (QPSI)//U.S. Department of Energy/ ; Quantitative Plant Science Initiative (QPSI)//U.S. Department of Energy/ ; Quantitative Plant Science Initiative (QPSI)//U.S. Department of Energy/ ; Quantitative Plant Science Initiative (QPSI)//U.S. Department of Energy/ ; 3092-53000-001-00D//U.S. Department of Agriculture/ ; 3092-53000-001-00D//U.S. Department of Agriculture/ ; },
mesh = {*Gene Transfer, Horizontal ; *Mercury/metabolism/toxicity ; *Operon ; *Transcriptome ; *Symbiosis ; Nitrogen-Fixing Bacteria/genetics/metabolism ; Bacterial Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial ; Nitrogen Fixation ; Rhizobium leguminosarum/genetics/metabolism ; Soil Microbiology ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Mercury (Hg) is highly toxic and has the potential to cause severe health problems for humans and foraging animals when transported into edible plant parts. Soil rhizobia that form symbiosis with legumes may possess mechanisms to prevent heavy metal translocation from roots to shoots in plants by exporting metals from nodules or compartmentalizing metal ions inside nodules. Horizontal gene transfer has potential to confer immediate de novo adaptations to stress. We used comparative genomics of high quality de novo assemblies to identify structural differences in the genomes of nitrogen-fixing rhizobia that were isolated from a mercury (Hg) mine site that show high variation in their tolerance to Hg.<br><br>RESULTS: Our analyses identified multiple structurally conserved merA homologs in the genomes of Sinorhizobium medicae and Rhizobium leguminosarum but only the strains that possessed a Mer operon exhibited 10-fold increased tolerance to Hg. RNAseq analysis revealed nearly all genes in the Mer operon were significantly up-regulated in response to Hg stress in free-living conditions and in nodules. In both free-living and nodule environments, we found the Hg-tolerant strains with a Mer operon exhibited the fewest number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the genome, indicating a rapid and efficient detoxification of Hg from the cells that reduced general stress responses to the Hg-treatment. Expression changes in S. medicae while in bacteroids showed that both rhizobia strain and host-plant tolerance affected the number of DEGs. Aside from Mer operon genes, nif genes which are involved in nitrogenase activity in S. medicae showed significant up-regulation in the most Hg-tolerant strain while inside the most Hg-accumulating host-plant. Transfer of a plasmid containing the Mer operon from the most tolerant strain to low-tolerant strains resulted in an immediate increase in Hg tolerance, indicating that the Mer operon is able to confer hyper tolerance to Hg.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Mer operons have not been previously reported in nitrogen-fixing rhizobia. This study demonstrates a pivotal role of the Mer operon in effective mercury detoxification and hypertolerance in nitrogen-fixing rhizobia. This finding has major implications not only for soil bioremediation, but also host plants growing in mercury contaminated soils.},
}
@article {pmid38946980,
year = {2024},
author = {Jacobs, J and Nakamoto, A and Mastoras, M and Loucks, H and Mirchandani, C and Karim, L and Penunuri, G and Wanket, C and Russell, SL},
title = {Complete de novo assembly of Wolbachia endosymbiont of Drosophila willistoni using long-read genome sequencing.},
journal = {Research square},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {38946980},
issn = {2693-5015},
support = {R00 GM135583/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/United States ; T32 HG012344/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/United States ; },
abstract = {Wolbachia is an obligate intracellular α-proteobacterium which commonly infects arthropods and filarial nematodes. Different strains of Wolbachia are capable of a wide range of regulatory manipulations in many hosts and modulate host cellular differentiation to influence host reproduction. The genetic basis for the majority of these phenotypes is unknown. The wWil strain from the neotropical fruit fly, Drosophila willistoni, exhibits a remarkably high affinity for host germline-derived cells relative to the soma. This trait could be leveraged for understanding how Wolbachia influences the host germline and for controlling host populations in the field. To further the use of this strain in biological and biomedical research, we sequenced the genome of the wWil strain isolated from host cell culture cells. Here, we present the first high quality nanopore assembly of wWil, the Wolbachia endosymbiont of D. willistoni. Our assembly resulted in a circular genome of 1.27 Mb with a BUSCO completeness score of 99.7%. Consistent with other insect-associated Wolbachia strains, comparative genomic analysis revealed that wWil has a highly mosaic genome relative to the closely related wMel strain from Drosophila melanogaster.},
}
@article {pmid38971326,
year = {2024},
author = {Prosdocimi, F and Farias, ST},
title = {Major evolutionary transitions before cells: a journey from molecules to organisms.},
journal = {Progress in biophysics and molecular biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2024.07.002},
pmid = {38971326},
issn = {1873-1732},
abstract = {Basing on logical assumptions and necessary steps of complexification along biological evolution, we propose here an evolutionary path from molecules to cells presenting four ages and three major transitions. At the first age, the basic biomolecules were formed and become abundant. The first transition happened with the event of a chemical symbiosis between nucleic acids and peptides worlds, which marked the emergence of both life and the process of organic encoding. FUCA, the first living process, was composed of self-replicating RNAs linked to amino acids and capable to catalyze their binding. The second transition, from the age of FUCA to the age of progenotes, involved the duplication and recombination of proto-genomes, leading to specialization in protein production and the exploration of protein to metabolite interactions in the prebiotic soup. Enzymes and metabolic pathways were incorporated into biology from protobiotic reactions that occurred without chemical catalysts, step by step. Then, the fourth age brought origin of organisms and lineages, occurring when specific proteins capable to stackle together facilitated the formation of peptidic capsids. LUCA was constituted as a progenote capable to operate the basic metabolic functions of a cell, but still unable to interact with lipid molecules. We present evidence that the evolution of lipid interaction pathways occurred at least twice, with the development of bacterial-like and archaeal-like membranes. Also, data in literature suggest at least two paths for the emergence of DNA biosynthesis, allowing the stabilization of early life strategies in viruses, archaeas and bacterias. Two billion years later, the eukaryotes arouse, and after 1,5 billion years of evolution, they finally learn how to evolve multicellularity via tissue specialization.},
}
@article {pmid38969999,
year = {2024},
author = {Alghamdi, AK and Parween, S and Hirt, H and Saad, MM},
title = {Unraveling the genomic secrets of Tritonibacter mobilis AK171: a plant growth-promoting bacterium isolated from Avicennia marina.},
journal = {BMC genomics},
volume = {25},
number = {1},
pages = {672},
pmid = {38969999},
issn = {1471-2164},
mesh = {*Avicennia/microbiology ; Genome, Bacterial ; Genomics ; Rhizosphere ; Salinity ; Phylogeny ; Plant Development ; Siderophores/metabolism ; },
abstract = {The scarcity of freshwater resources resulting in a significant yield loss presents a pressing challenge in agriculture. To address this issue, utilizing abundantly available saline water could offer a smart solution. In this study, we demonstrate that the genome sequence rhizosphere bacterium Tritonibacter mobilis AK171, a halophilic marine bacterium recognized for its ability to thrive in saline and waterlogged environments, isolated from mangroves, has the remarkable ability to enable plant growth using saline irrigation. AK171 is characterized as rod-shaped cells, displays agile movement in free-living conditions, and adopts a rosette arrangement in static media. Moreover, The qualitative evaluation of PGP traits showed that AK171 could produce siderophores and IAA but could not solubilize phosphate nor produce hydrolytic enzymes it exhibits a remarkable tolerance to high temperatures and salinity. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive genome sequence analysis of T. mobilis AK171 to unravel the genetic mechanisms underlying its plant growth-promoting abilities in such challenging conditions. Our analysis revealed diverse genes and pathways involved in the bacterium's adaptation to salinity and waterlogging stress. Notably, T. mobilis AK171 exhibited a high level of tolerance to salinity and waterlogging through the activation of stress-responsive genes and the production of specific enzymes and metabolites. Additionally, we identified genes associated with biofilm formation, indicating its potential role in establishing symbiotic relationships with host plants. Furthermore, our analysis unveiled the presence of genes responsible for synthesizing antimicrobial compounds, including tropodithietic acid (TDA), which can effectively control phytopathogens. This genomic insight into T. mobilis AK171 provides valuable information for understanding the molecular basis of plant-microbial interactions in saline and waterlogged environments. It offers potential applications for sustainable agriculture in challenging conditions.},
}
@article {pmid38969689,
year = {2024},
author = {Zhou, JR and Li, XQ and Yu, X and Zhao, TC and Ruan, WX},
title = {Exploring the ecological security evaluation of water resources in the Yangtze River Basin under the background of ecological sustainable development.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {14},
number = {1},
pages = {15475},
pmid = {38969689},
issn = {2045-2322},
support = {22TQC005//Social Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province/ ; },
abstract = {The Yangtze River (hereafter referred to as the YZR), the largest river in China, is of paramount importance for ensuring water resource security. The Yangtze River Basin (hereafter referred to as the YRB) is one of the most densely populated areas in China, and complex human activities have a significant impact on the ecological security of water resources. Therefore, this paper employs theories related to ecological population evolution and the Driving Force-Pressure-State-Impact-Response (DPSIR) model to construct an indicator system for the ecological security of water resources in the YRB. The report evaluates the ecological security status of water resources in each province of the YRB from 2010 to 2019, clarifies the development trend of its water resource ecological security, and proposes corresponding strategies for regional ecological security and coordinated economic development. According to the results of the ecological population evolution competition model, the overall indicator of the ecological security of water resources in the YRB continues to improve, with the safety level increasing annually. Maintaining sound management of water resources in the YRB is crucial for sustainable socioeconomic development. To further promote the ecological security of water resources in the YRB and the coordinated development of the regional economy, this paper proposes policy suggestions such as promoting the continuous advancement of sustainable development projects, actively adjusting industrial structure, continuously enhancing public environmental awareness, and actively participating in international ecological construction and seeking cooperation among multiple departments.},
}
@article {pmid38969663,
year = {2024},
author = {Wuitchik, DM and Aichelman, HE and Atherton, KF and Brown, CM and Chen, X and DiRoberts, L and Pelose, GE and Tramonte, CA and Davies, SW},
title = {Photosymbiosis reduces the environmental stress response under a heat challenge in a facultatively symbiotic coral.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {14},
number = {1},
pages = {15484},
pmid = {38969663},
issn = {2045-2322},
mesh = {*Symbiosis ; *Anthozoa/physiology ; Animals ; *Dinoflagellida/physiology ; Stress, Physiological ; Heat-Shock Response/physiology ; Hot Temperature ; Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism ; Photosynthesis ; },
abstract = {The symbiosis between corals and dinoflagellates of the family Symbiodiniaceae is sensitive to environmental stress. The oxidative bleaching hypothesis posits that extreme temperatures lead to accumulation of photobiont-derived reactive oxygen species ROS, which exacerbates the coral environmental stress response (ESR). To understand how photosymbiosis modulates coral ESRs, these responses must be explored in hosts in and out of symbiosis. We leveraged the facultatively symbiotic coral Astrangia poculata, which offers an opportunity to uncouple the ESR across its two symbiotic phenotypes (brown, white). Colonies of both symbiotic phenotypes were exposed to three temperature treatments for 15 days: (i) control (static 18 °C), (ii) heat challenge (increasing from 18 to 30 °C), and (iii) cold challenge (decreasing from 18 to 4 °C) after which host gene expression was profiled. Cold challenged corals elicited widespread differential expression, however, there were no differences between symbiotic phenotypes. In contrast, brown colonies exhibited greater gene expression plasticity under heat challenge, including enrichment of cell cycle pathways involved in controlling photobiont growth. While this plasticity was greater, the genes driving this plasticity were not associated with an amplified environmental stress response (ESR) and instead showed patterns of a dampened ESR under heat challenge. This provides nuance to the oxidative bleaching hypothesis and suggests that, at least during the early onset of bleaching, photobionts reduce the host's ESR under elevated temperatures in A. poculata.},
}
@article {pmid38969183,
year = {2024},
author = {Sharma, V and Sharma, DP and Salwan, R},
title = {Surviving the stress: Understanding the molecular basis of plant adaptations and uncovering the role of mycorrhizal association in plant abiotic stresses.},
journal = {Microbial pathogenesis},
volume = {193},
number = {},
pages = {106772},
doi = {10.1016/j.micpath.2024.106772},
pmid = {38969183},
issn = {1096-1208},
abstract = {Environmental stresses severely impair plant growth, resulting in significant crop yield and quality loss. Among various abiotic factors, salt and drought stresses are one of the major factors that affect the nutrients and water uptake by the plants, hence ultimately various physiological aspects of the plants that compromises crop yield. Continuous efforts have been made to investigate, dissect and improve plant adaptations at the molecular level in response to drought and salinity stresses. In this context, the plant beneficial microbiome presents in the rhizosphere, endosphere, and phyllosphere, also referred as second genomes of the plant is well known for its roles in plant adaptations. Exploration of beneficial interaction of fungi with host plants known as mycorrhizal association is one such special interaction that can facilitates the host plants adaptations. Mycorrhiza assist in alleviating the salinity and drought stresses of plants via redistributing the ion imbalance through translocation to different parts of the plants, as well as triggering oxidative machinery. Mycorrhiza association also regulates the level of various plant growth regulators, osmolytes and assists in acquiring minerals that are helpful in plant's adaptation against extreme environmental stresses. The current review examines the role of various plant growth regulators and plants' antioxidative systems, followed by mycorrhizal association during drought and salt stresses.},
}
@article {pmid38967472,
year = {2024},
author = {Lau, KJX and Selvaraj, P and Muralishankar, V and Chen, C-Y and Muruganantham, S and Naqvi, NI},
title = {Draft genome sequence of Penicillium citrinum B9, a plant growth-promoting symbiont from barley rhizosphere.},
journal = {Microbiology resource announcements},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e0035424},
doi = {10.1128/mra.00354-24},
pmid = {38967472},
issn = {2576-098X},
abstract = {Penicillium citrinum strain B9 is a plant growth-promoting fungus isolated from Barley (Hordeum vulgare) rhizosphere. We report the first draft genome of P. citrinum B9 assembled using single-molecule real-time sequencing and Illumina reads. The assembled genome spans 31.3 Mb comprising nine contigs and 10,106 protein-encoding genes.},
}
@article {pmid38966402,
year = {2024},
author = {Jung, P and Briegel-Williams, L and Büdel, B and Schultz, M and Nürnberg, DJ and Grube, M and D'Agostino, PM and Kaštovský, J and Mareš, J and Lorenz, M and González, MLG and Forno, MD and Westberg, M and Chrismas, N and Pietrasiak, N and Whelan, P and Dvořák, P and Košuthová, A and Gkelis, S and Bauersachs, T and Schiefelbein, U and Giao, VTP and Lakatos, M and , and , },
title = {The underestimated fraction: diversity, challenges and novel insights into unicellular cyanobionts of lichens.},
journal = {ISME communications},
volume = {4},
number = {1},
pages = {ycae069},
pmid = {38966402},
issn = {2730-6151},
abstract = {Lichens are remarkable and classic examples of symbiotic organisms that have fascinated scientists for centuries. Yet, it has only been for a couple of decades that significant advances have focused on the diversity of their green algal and/or cyanobacterial photobionts. Cyanolichens, which contain cyanobacteria as their photosynthetic partner, include up to 10% of all known lichens and, as such, studies on their cyanobionts are much rarer compared to their green algal counterparts. For the unicellular cyanobionts, i.e. cyanobacteria that do not form filaments, these studies are even scarcer. Nonetheless, these currently include at least 10 different genera in the cosmopolitan lichen order Lichinales. An international consortium (International Network of CyanoBionts; INCb) will tackle this lack of knowledge. In this article, we discuss the status of current unicellular cyanobiont research, compare the taxonomic resolution of photobionts from cyanolichens with those of green algal lichens (chlorolichens), and give a roadmap of research on how to recondition the underestimated fraction of symbiotic unicellular cyanobacteria in lichens.},
}
@article {pmid38965812,
year = {2024},
author = {Romero-Munar, A and Muñoz-Carrasco, M and Balestrini, R and De Rose, S and Giovannini, L and Aroca, R and Ruiz-Lozano, JM},
title = {Differential root and cell regulation of maize aquaporins by the arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis highlights its role in plant water relations.},
journal = {Plant, cell &amp; environment},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/pce.15029},
pmid = {38965812},
issn = {1365-3040},
support = {//PHENOLAB 4.0/ ; //FEDER 'A way to make Europe'/ ; //Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci&#xf3;n/ ; },
abstract = {This study aims to elucidate if the regulation of plant aquaporins by the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis occurs only in roots or cells colonized by the fungus or at whole root system. Maize plants were cultivated in a split-root system, with half of the root system inoculated with the AM fungus and the other half uninoculated. Plant growth and hydraulic parameters were measured and aquaporin gene expression was determined in each root fraction and in microdissected cells. Under well-watered conditions, the non-colonized root fractions of AM plants grew more than the colonized root fraction. Total osmotic and hydrostatic root hydraulic conductivities (Lo and Lpr) were higher in AM plants than in non-mycorrhizal plants. The expression of most maize aquaporin genes analysed was different in the mycorrhizal root fraction than in the non-mycorrhizal root fraction of AM plants. At the cellular level, differential aquaporin expression in AM-colonized cells and in uncolonized cells was also observed. Results indicate the existence of both, local and systemic regulation of plant aquaporins by the AM symbiosis and suggest that such regulation is related to the availability of water taken up by fungal hyphae in each root fraction and to the plant need of water mobilization.},
}
@article {pmid38965531,
year = {2024},
author = {Babajanyan, SG and Garushyants, SK and Wolf, YI and Koonin, EV},
title = {Microbial diversity and ecological complexity emerging from environmental variation and horizontal gene transfer in a simple mathematical model.},
journal = {BMC biology},
volume = {22},
number = {1},
pages = {148},
pmid = {38965531},
issn = {1741-7007},
support = {Intramural Research Program//U.S. National Library of Medicine/ ; },
mesh = {*Gene Transfer, Horizontal ; *Microbiota/genetics ; Biodiversity ; Symbiosis/genetics ; Models, Theoretical ; Models, Biological ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Microbiomes are generally characterized by high diversity of coexisting microbial species and strains, and microbiome composition typically remains stable across a broad range of conditions. However, under fixed conditions, microbial ecology conforms with the exclusion principle under which two populations competing for the same resource within the same niche cannot coexist because the less fit population inevitably goes extinct. Therefore, the long-term persistence of microbiome diversity calls for an explanation.<br><br>RESULTS: To explore the conditions for stabilization of microbial diversity, we developed a simple mathematical model consisting of two competing populations that could exchange a single gene allele via horizontal gene transfer (HGT). We found that, although in a fixed environment, with unbiased HGT, the system obeyed the exclusion principle, in an oscillating environment, within large regions of the phase space bounded by the rates of reproduction and HGT, the two populations coexist. Moreover, depending on the parameter combination, all three major types of symbiosis were obtained, namely, pure competition, host-parasite relationship, and mutualism. In each of these regimes, certain parameter combinations provided for synergy, that is, a greater total abundance of both populations compared to the abundance of the winning population in the fixed environment.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: The results of this modeling study show that basic phenomena that are universal in microbial communities, namely, environmental variation and HGT, provide for stabilization and persistence of microbial diversity, and emergence of ecological complexity.},
}
@article {pmid38963088,
year = {2024},
author = {Wang, T and Chen, Q and Liang, Q and Zhao, Q and Lu, X and Tian, J and Guan, Z and Liu, C and Li, J and Zhou, M and Tian, J and Liang, C},
title = {Bacillus suppresses nitrogen efficiency of soybean-rhizobium symbiosis through regulation of nitrogen-related transcriptional and microbial patterns.},
journal = {Plant, cell &amp; environment},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/pce.15023},
pmid = {38963088},
issn = {1365-3040},
support = {//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; //Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province/ ; //National Key Research and Development Program of China/ ; },
abstract = {The regulation of legume-rhizobia symbiosis by microorganisms has obtained considerable interest in recent research, particularly in the common rhizobacteria Bacillus. However, few studies have provided detailed explanations regarding the regulatory mechanisms involved. Here, we investigated the effects of Bacillus (Bac.B) on Bradyrhizobium-soybean (Glycine max) symbiosis and elucidated the underlying ecological mechanisms. We found that two Bradyrhizobium strains (i.e. Bra.Q2 and Bra.D) isolated from nodules significantly promoted nitrogen (N) efficiency of soybean via facilitating nodule formation, thereby enhanced plant growth and yield. However, the intrusion of Bac.B caused a reverse shift in the synergistic efficiency of N2 fixation in the soybean-Bradyrhizobium symbiosis. Biofilm formation and naringenin may be importantin suppression of Bra.Q2 growth regulated by Bac.B. In addition, transcriptome and microbiome analyses revealed that Bra.Q2 and Bac.B might interact to regulateN transport and assimilation, thus influence the bacterial composition related to plant N nutrition in nodules. Also, the metabolisms of secondary metabolites and hormones associated with plant-microbe interaction and growth regulation were modulated by Bra.Q2 and Bac.B coinoculation. Collectively, we demonstrate that Bacillus negatively affects Bradyrhizobium-soybean symbiosis and modulate microbial interactions in the nodule. Our findings highlight a novel Bacillus-based regulation to improve N efficiency and sustainable agricultural development.},
}
@article {pmid38962140,
year = {2024},
author = {Zhang, B and Yang, W and He, Q and Chen, H and Che, B and Bai, X},
title = {Analysis of differential effects of host plants on the gut microbes of Rhoptroceros cyatheae.},
journal = {Frontiers in microbiology},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1392586},
pmid = {38962140},
issn = {1664-302X},
abstract = {As an indispensable part of insects, intestinal symbiotic bacteria play a vital role in the growth and development of insects and their adaptability. Rhoptroceros cyatheae, the main pest of the relict plant Alsophila spinulosa, poses a serious threat to the development of the A. spinulosa population. In the present study, 16S rDNA and internal transcribed spacer high-throughput sequencing techniques were used to analyze the structure of intestinal microbes and the diversity of the insect feeding on two different plants, as well as the similarities between the intestinal microorganisms of R. cyatheae. The dominant bacteria of leaf endophytes were also compared based on the sequencing data. The results showed that Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Actinobacteria were the dominant phyla of intestinal bacteria, and Ascomycota was the dominant phylum of intestinal fungi. Allorhizobium-Neorhizobium-Pararhizobium-Rhizobium, Methylobacterium-Methylorubrum, and Enterococcus were the dominant genera in the intestine of R. cyatheae feeding on two plants, and the relative abundance was significantly different between the two groups. Candida was the common dominant genus of intestinal fungi in the two groups, and no significant difference was observed in its abundance between the two groups. This showed that compared with the intestinal fungi of R. cyatheae, the abundance of the intestinal bacteria was greatly affected by food. The common core microbiota between the microorganisms in A. spinulosa leaves and the insect gut indicated the presence of a microbial exchange between the two. The network correlation diagram showed that the gut microbes of R. cyatheae feeding on Gymnosphaera metteniana were more closely related to each other, which could help the host to better cope with the adverse external environment. This study provides a theoretical basis for the adaptation mechanism of R. cyatheae and a new direction for the effective prevention and control of R. cyatheae.},
}
@article {pmid38961959,
year = {2024},
author = {Chen, Z and Dai, X},
title = {Utilizing AI and IoT technologies for identifying risk factors in sports.},
journal = {Heliyon},
volume = {10},
number = {11},
pages = {e32477},
pmid = {38961959},
issn = {2405-8440},
abstract = {A dynamic cooperation is poised to redefine the limits of athlete safety and performance optimization in the dynamic field of sports science. A new age in sports analysis is promised by the combination of artificial intelligence (AI) and the internet of things (IoT), one in which data-driven insights not only improve our comprehension of athletic performance but also aid to reduce hazards. This academic work explores the complex interactions between AI and IoT in the context of sports. The IoT and AI integration appear to be a strong mix that has the potential to redefine the standards for athlete safety and performance improvement. This study explores the complex interactions between AI and IoT in the field of sports, emphasizing their combined potential for identifying risk factors in a variety of fields. There is a chance to proactively solve sports-related difficulties by utilizing the data-driven capabilities of IoT and the analytical power of AI, opening the door for better informed tactics and decision-making. Through an exploration of this symbiotic relationship, this paper seeks to underline the transformative potential of these technologies in fostering a safer and more performance-oriented sports environment.},
}
@article {pmid38961890,
year = {2024},
author = {Kumari, A and Choudhary, JS and Thakur, AK and Banra, S and Oraon, PK and Kumari, K and Sahu, SK and Albeshr, MF},
title = {Substantially altered bacterial diversity associated with developmental stages of litchi stink bug, Tessaratoma javanica (Thunberg) (Hemiptera: Tessaratomidae).},
journal = {Heliyon},
volume = {10},
number = {11},
pages = {e32384},
pmid = {38961890},
issn = {2405-8440},
abstract = {The mutualistic symbiotic relationship between insects and bacteria greatly influences the growth and development of host insects. Tessaratoma javanica (Thunberg) (Hemiptera: Tessaratomidae), also referred to as the litchi stink bug, has recently been established as an important insect pest of Litchi chinensis Sonn. and causes substantial yield loss in India. To design effective and environmentally safe management strategies, an understanding of the diversity and functions of microbiota harbored across the development stages is very important. The assessment of the diversity of development-associated bacteria in T. javanica and their predicted functions was conducted using 16S rRNA gene sequences obtained by the Illumina MiSeq technology. The result showed that taxonomic analysis of associated bacteria in different developmental stages includes a total of 46 phyla, encompassing 139 classes, 271 orders, 474 families, and 893 genera of bacteria. All developmental stages of T. javanica shared a total of 42.82 percent of operational taxonomic units (OTUs), with a 97 % similarity threshold. Alpha diversity indices showed maximum species richness in the egg and adult stages. The phyla Proteobacteria followed by Firmicutes, Bacteriodetes, and Actinobacteria, exhibited the highest levels of abundance across all the developmental stages of T. javanica. Microbiota were most different between the egg and the 4th nymphal stage (χ2 = 711.67) and least different between the 2nd and 4th nymphal instars (χ2 = 44.45). The predicted functions of the microbiota associated with T. javanica are mainly involved in amino acid metabolism, cell motility, cellular processes and signaling, glycan biosynthesis and metabolism, lipid metabolism, and membrane transport. The present study documentation and information on symbiotic bacteria across T. javanica life stages will prompt the development of novel biological management strategies.},
}
@article {pmid38957343,
year = {2024},
author = {Gore, MN and Drozd, ME and Patil, RS},
title = {Anemia Prevalence and Socioeconomic Status among Adolescent Girls in Rural Western India: A Cross-Sectional Study.},
journal = {Ethiopian journal of health sciences},
volume = {34},
number = {1},
pages = {57-64},
pmid = {38957343},
issn = {2413-7170},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; Adolescent ; India/epidemiology ; Prevalence ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; *Rural Population/statistics &amp; numerical data ; *Anemia/epidemiology ; *Nutritional Status ; *Social Class ; Child ; Hemoglobins/analysis ; Socioeconomic Factors ; Thinness/epidemiology ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Anemia poses a significant challenge among Indian adolescent girls due to their heightened vulnerability, resulting from increased micronutrient requirements, rapid physical growth, menstrual blood loss, inadequate nutrition, and socioeconomic disparities. This study sought to evaluate the prevalence of anemia, along with socioeconomic and nutritional statuses among adolescent girls attending rural public schools in Pune, India.<br><br>METHODS: A sample of 400 girls was selected from 22 villages through Symbiosis International University. Hemoglobin levels were assessed using the HemoCue 201 system, while standardized protocols were employed for height, weight, and BMI-for-age measurements. Socioeconomic status was determined using the Kuppuswamy scale.<br><br>RESULTS: The findings revealed an overall anemia prevalence of (42.75%), comprising severe (2.5%), moderate (21%) and mild (20.25%) cases. Additionally, a substantial proportion (74.6%) of girls were classified as underweight. Socioeconomic analysis disclosed that 64.25% of families belonged to the lower middle class, and 27% in the upper lower class. Anemia was more prevalent in young adolescent girls (10-14 years) and in the families of adolescents who had low income, were illiterate, unemployed, and belonged to the lower-middle class and upper-lower-class socio-economic status (SES) and did not have a bank account.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Anemia was prevalent in adolescent girls and associated with low SES. This study underscores the limitations of relying solely on the distribution of iron and folic acid tablets to combat anemia. A holistic strategy is imperative, encompassing improvements in SES of families (literacy, employment and income), as well as initiatives aimed at enhancing the nutritional status of adolescent girls.},
}
@article {pmid38956988,
year = {2024},
author = {Kryukov, VY and Kosman, E and Slepneva, I and Vorontsova, YL and Polenogova, O and Kazymov, G and Alikina, T and Akhanaev, Y and Sidorenko, D and Noskov, YA and Krivopalov, A and Kabilov, MR and Yaroslavtseva, O},
title = {Involvement of bacteria in the development of fungal infections in the Colorado potato beetle.},
journal = {Insect science},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/1744-7917.13414},
pmid = {38956988},
issn = {1744-7917},
support = {20-74-10043//Russian&#xa0;Science Foundation/ ; 22-14-00309//Russian&#xa0;Science Foundation/ ; },
abstract = {Entomopathogenic fungi may interact with insects' symbiotic bacteria during infection. We hypothesized that topical infection with Beauveria bassiana may alter the microbiota of the Colorado potato beetle (CPB) and that these modifications may alter the course of mycoses. We used a model with two concentrations of conidia: (1) high concentration that causes rapid (acute) pathogenesis with fast mortality followed by bacterial decomposition of insects; (2) lower concentration that leads to prolonged pathogenesis ending in conidiation on cadavers. The fungal infections increased loads of enterobacteria and bacilli on the cuticle surface and in hemolymph and midgut, and the greatest increase was detected during the acute mycosis. By contrast, stronger activation of IMD and JAK-STAT signaling pathways in integuments and fat body was observed during the prolonged mycosis. Relatively stable (nonpathogenic) conditions remained in the midgut during both scenarios of mycosis with slight changes in bacterial communities, the absence of mesh and stat expression, a decrease in reactive oxygen species production, and slight induction of Toll and IMD pathways. Oral administration of antibiotic and predominant CPB bacteria (Enterobacteriaceae, Lactococcus, Pseudomonas) led to minor and mainly antagonistic effects in survival of larvae infected with B. bassiana. We believe that prolonged mycosis is necessary for successful development of the fungus because such pathogenesis allows the host to activate antibacterial reactions. Conversely, after infection with high concentrations of the fungus, the host's resources are insufficient to fully activate antibacterial defenses, and this situation makes successful development of the fungus impossible.},
}
@article {pmid38956506,
year = {2024},
author = {Miranda, FM and Azevedo, VC and Ramos, RJ and Renard, BY and Piro, VC},
title = {Hitac: a hierarchical taxonomic classifier for fungal ITS sequences compatible with QIIME2.},
journal = {BMC bioinformatics},
volume = {25},
number = {1},
pages = {228},
pmid = {38956506},
issn = {1471-2105},
support = {458163427//Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft/ ; },
mesh = {*Fungi/genetics/classification ; *Machine Learning ; DNA, Ribosomal Spacer/genetics ; Software ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Fungi play a key role in several important ecological functions, ranging from organic matter decomposition to symbiotic associations with plants. Moreover, fungi naturally inhabit the human body and can be beneficial when administered as probiotics. In mycology, the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region was adopted as the universal marker for classifying fungi. Hence, an accurate and robust method for ITS classification is not only desired for the purpose of better diversity estimation, but it can also help us gain a deeper insight into the dynamics of environmental communities and ultimately comprehend whether the abundance of certain species correlate with health and disease. Although many methods have been proposed for taxonomic classification, to the best of our knowledge, none of them fully explore the taxonomic tree hierarchy when building their models. This in turn, leads to lower generalization power and higher risk of committing classification errors.<br><br>RESULTS: Here we introduce HiTaC, a robust hierarchical machine learning model for accurate ITS classification, which requires a small amount of data for training and can handle imbalanced datasets. HiTaC was thoroughly evaluated with the established TAXXI benchmark and could correctly classify fungal ITS sequences of varying lengths and a range of identity differences between the training and test data. HiTaC outperforms state-of-the-art methods when trained over noisy data, consistently achieving higher F1-score and sensitivity across different taxonomic ranks, improving sensitivity by 6.9 percentage points over top methods in the most noisy dataset available on TAXXI.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: HiTaC is publicly available at the Python package index, BIOCONDA and Docker Hub. It is released under the new BSD license, allowing free use in academia and industry. Source code and documentation, which includes installation and usage instructions, are available at https://gitlab.com/dacs-hpi/hitac .},
}
@article {pmid38955386,
year = {2024},
author = {Das, D and Panda, PK},
title = {Pseudomonas and aspergillus symbiotic coinfections in a case of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and diabetes mellitus.},
journal = {BMJ case reports},
volume = {17},
number = {7},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1136/bcr-2023-259285},
pmid = {38955386},
issn = {1757-790X},
mesh = {Humans ; *Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/complications ; Female ; *Coinfection ; *Pseudomonas Infections/complications/drug therapy/diagnosis ; Middle Aged ; *Pseudomonas aeruginosa/isolation &amp; purification ; *Aspergillus fumigatus/isolation &amp; purification ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use/administration &amp; dosage ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications ; Pulmonary Aspergillosis/complications/drug therapy/diagnosis ; Antifungal Agents/therapeutic use/administration &amp; dosage ; Aspergillosis/complications/drug therapy/diagnosis ; },
abstract = {Coinfection of Pseudomonas and Aspergillus has not been previously reported in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). A middle-aged, thinly built woman (Body Mass Index: 18.1 kg/m[2]) who smokes bidi (a type of tobacco) and has a history of exposure to open log fires for cooking, has been suffering from COPD for the last 4 years. She has been taking inhaled betamethasone and tiotropium. Additionally, she had uncontrolled diabetes for a few months. She presented with fever, productive cough, shortness of breath and chest pain for 5 days. She required non-invasive ventilation support for type-2 respiratory failure. Chest X-ray and CT confirmed pneumonia, cavities and abscesses in both lungs. Repeated sputum and bronchoalveolar lavage confirmed coinfections with Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Aspergillus fumigatus, respectively. Along with supportive therapy, she was treated with tablet levofloxacin and injection amikacin for 6 weeks based on culture sensitivity reports, and capsule itraconazole for 6 months. She recovered completely to her baseline COPD and diabetes status. This case study confirms that coinfections can occur in COPD and diabetes, highlighting the need for clinicians to be vigilant for the possibility of such symbiotic coinfections.},
}
@article {pmid38955128,
year = {2024},
author = {Chen, J and Qian, L and Ma, L and Urakov, T and Gu, W and Liang, L},
title = {SymTC: A symbiotic Transformer-CNN net for instance segmentation of lumbar spine MRI.},
journal = {Computers in biology and medicine},
volume = {179},
number = {},
pages = {108795},
doi = {10.1016/j.compbiomed.2024.108795},
pmid = {38955128},
issn = {1879-0534},
abstract = {Intervertebral disc disease, a prevalent ailment, frequently leads to intermittent or persistent low back pain, and diagnosing and assessing of this disease rely on accurate measurement of vertebral bone and intervertebral disc geometries from lumbar MR images. Deep neural network (DNN) models may assist clinicians with more efficient image segmentation of individual instances (discs and vertebrae) of the lumbar spine in an automated way, which is termed as instance image segmentation. In this work, we proposed SymTC, an innovative lumbar spine MR image segmentation model that combines the strengths of Transformer and Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). Specifically, we designed a parallel dual-path architecture to merge CNN layers and Transformer layers, and we integrated a novel position embedding into the self-attention module of Transformer, enhancing the utilization of positional information for more accurate segmentation. To further improve model performance, we introduced a new data synthesis technique to create synthetic yet realistic MR image dataset, named SSMSpine, which is made publicly available. We evaluated our SymTC and the other 16 representative image segmentation models on our private in-house dataset and public SSMSpine dataset, using two metrics, Dice Similarity Coefficient and the 95th percentile Hausdorff Distance. The results indicate that SymTC surpasses the other 16 methods, achieving the highest dice score of 96.169 % for segmenting vertebral bones and intervertebral discs on the SSMSpine dataset. The SymTC code and SSMSpine dataset are publicly available at https://github.com/jiasongchen/SymTC.},
}
@article {pmid38955125,
year = {2024},
author = {Abdel-Salam, M and Hu, G and Çelik, E and Gharehchopogh, FS and El-Hasnony, IM},
title = {Chaotic RIME optimization algorithm with adaptive mutualism for feature selection problems.},
journal = {Computers in biology and medicine},
volume = {179},
number = {},
pages = {108803},
doi = {10.1016/j.compbiomed.2024.108803},
pmid = {38955125},
issn = {1879-0534},
abstract = {The RIME optimization algorithm is a newly developed physics-based optimization algorithm used for solving optimization problems. The RIME algorithm proved high-performing in various fields and domains, providing a high-performance solution. Nevertheless, like many swarm-based optimization algorithms, RIME suffers from many limitations, including the exploration-exploitation balance not being well balanced. In addition, the likelihood of falling into local optimal solutions is high, and the convergence speed still needs some work. Hence, there is room for enhancement in the search mechanism so that various search agents can discover new solutions. The authors suggest an adaptive chaotic version of the RIME algorithm named ACRIME, which incorporates four main improvements, including an intelligent population initialization using chaotic maps, a novel adaptive modified Symbiotic Organism Search (SOS) mutualism phase, a novel mixed mutation strategy, and the utilization of restart strategy. The main goal of these improvements is to improve the variety of the population, achieve a better balance between exploration and exploitation, and improve RIME's local and global search abilities. The study assesses the effectiveness of ACRIME by using the standard benchmark functions of the CEC2005 and CEC2019 benchmarks. The proposed ACRIME is also applied as a feature selection to fourteen various datasets to test its applicability to real-world problems. Besides, the ACRIME algorithm is applied to the COVID-19 classification real problem to test its applicability and performance further. The suggested algorithm is compared to other sophisticated classical and advanced metaheuristics, and its performance is assessed using statistical tests such as Wilcoxon rank-sum and Friedman rank tests. The study demonstrates that ACRIME exhibits a high level of competitiveness and often outperforms competing algorithms. It discovers the optimal subset of features, enhancing the accuracy of classification and minimizing the number of features employed. This study primarily focuses on enhancing the equilibrium between exploration and exploitation, extending the scope of local search.},
}
@article {pmid38955089,
year = {2024},
author = {Siddique, A and Al Disi, Z and AlGhouti, M and Zouari, N},
title = {Diversity of hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria in mangroves rhizosphere as an indicator of oil-pollution bioremediation in mangrove forests.},
journal = {Marine pollution bulletin},
volume = {205},
number = {},
pages = {116620},
doi = {10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116620},
pmid = {38955089},
issn = {1879-3363},
abstract = {Mangrove ecosystems, characterized by high levels of productivity, are susceptible to anthropogenic activities, notably oil pollution arising from diverse origins including spills, transportation, and industrial effluents. Owing to their role in climate regulation and economic significance, there is a growing interest in developing mangrove conservation strategies. In the Arabian Gulf, mangroves stand as the sole naturally occurring green vegetation due to the region's hot and arid climate. However, they have faced persistent oil pollution for decades. This review focuses on global mangrove distribution, with a specific emphasis on Qatar's mangroves. It highlights the ongoing challenges faced by mangroves, particularly in relation to the oil industry, and the impact of oil pollution on these vital ecosystems. It outlines major oil spill incidents worldwide and the diverse hydrocarbon-degrading bacterial communities within polluted areas, elucidating their potential for bioremediation. The use of symbiotic interactions between mangrove plants and bacteria offers a more sustainable, cost-effective and environmentally friendly alternative. However, the success of these bioremediation strategies depends on a deep understanding of the dynamics of bacterial communities, environmental factors and specific nature of the pollutants.},
}
@article {pmid38954993,
year = {2024},
author = {Gilhar, O and Ben-Navi, LR and Olender, T and Aharoni, A and Friedman, J and Kolodkin-Gal, I},
title = {Multigenerational inheritance drives symbiotic interactions of the bacterium Bacillus subtilis with its plant host.},
journal = {Microbiological research},
volume = {286},
number = {},
pages = {127814},
doi = {10.1016/j.micres.2024.127814},
pmid = {38954993},
issn = {1618-0623},
abstract = {Bacillus subtilis is a beneficial bacterium that supports plant growth and protects plants from bacterial, fungal, and viral infections. Using a simplified system of B. subtilis and Arabidopsis thaliana interactions, we studied the fitness and transcriptome of bacteria detached from the root over generations of growth in LB medium. We found that bacteria previously associated with the root or exposed to its secretions had greater stress tolerance and were more competitive in root colonization than bacteria not previously exposed to the root. Furthermore, our transcriptome results provide evidence that plant secretions induce a microbial stress response and fundamentally alter signaling by the cyclic nucleotide c-di-AMP, a signature maintained by their descendants. The changes in cellular physiology due to exposure to plant exudates were multigenerational, as they allowed not only the bacterial cells that colonized a new plant but also their descendants to have an advance over naive competitors of the same species, while the overall plasticity of gene expression and rapid adaptation were maintained. These changes were hereditary but not permanent. Our work demonstrates a bacterial memory manifested by multigenerational reversible adaptation to plant hosts in the form of activation of the stressosome, which confers an advantage to symbiotic bacteria during competition.},
}
@article {pmid38954855,
year = {2024},
author = {Nie, C and Chen, L and Zhao, B and Wu, Z and Zhang, M and Yan, Y and Li, B and Xia, Y},
title = {Deciphering the adaptation mechanism of anammox consortia under sulfamethoxazole stress: A model coupling resistance accumulation and interspecies-cooperation.},
journal = {Journal of hazardous materials},
volume = {476},
number = {},
pages = {135074},
doi = {10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135074},
pmid = {38954855},
issn = {1873-3336},
abstract = {Sulfamethoxazole (SMX) is frequently detected in wastewater where anammox applications are promising. While it has been demonstrated that anammox consortia can adapt to SMX stress, the underlying community adaptation strategy has not yet been fully addressed. Therefore, in this study, we initially ascertained anammox consortia's ability to co-metabolize SMX in batch tests. Then, a 200-day domestication process of anammox consortia under SMX stress was carried out with community variations and transcriptional activities monitored by metagenomic and metatranscriptomic sequencing techniques. Despite the initial drop to 41.88 %, the nitrogen removal efficiency of the anammox consortia rebounded to 84.64 % post-domestication under 5 mg/L SMX. Meanwhile, a 4.85-fold accumulation of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) under SMX stress was observed as compared to the control group. Interestingly, the anammox consortia may unlock the SMX-inhibited folate synthesis pathway through a novel interspecies cooperation triangle among Nitrospira (NAA), Desulfobacillus denitrificans (DSS1), and the core anammox population Candidatus Brocadia sinica (AMX1), in which the modified dihydropteroate synthase (encoded by sul1) of NAA reconnected the symbiotic cooperation between AMX1 and DSS1. Overall, this study provides a new model for the adaptation strategies of anammox consortia to SMX stress.},
}
@article {pmid38954532,
year = {2024},
author = {Sainz, MM and Sotelo-Silveira, M and Filippi, CV and Zardo, S},
title = {Legume-rhizobia symbiosis: Translatome analysis.},
journal = {Genetics and molecular biology},
volume = {47Suppl 1},
number = {Suppl 1},
pages = {e20230284},
doi = {10.1590/1678-4685-GMB-2023-0284},
pmid = {38954532},
issn = {1415-4757},
abstract = {Leguminous plants can establish endosymbiotic relationships with nitrogen-fixing soil rhizobacteria. Bacterial infection and nodule organogenesis are two independent but highly coordinated genetic programs that are active during this interaction. These genetic programs can be regulated along all the stages of gene expression. Most of the studies, for both eukaryotes and prokaryotes, focused on the transcriptional regulation level determining the abundance of mRNAs. However, it has been demonstrated that mRNA levels only sometimes correlate with the abundance or activity of the coded proteins. For this reason, in the past two decades, interest in the role of translational control of gene expression has increased, since the subset of mRNA being actively translated outperforms the information gained only by the transcriptome. In the case of legume-rhizobia interactions, the study of the translatome still needs to be explored further. Therefore, this review aims to discuss the methodologies for analyzing polysome-associated mRNAs at the genome-scale and their contribution to studying translational control to understand the complexity of this symbiotic interaction. Moreover, the Dual RNA-seq approach is discussed for its relevance in the context of a symbiotic nodule, where intricate multi-species gene expression networks occur.},
}
@article {pmid38954032,
year = {2024},
author = {Zhou, Y and Li, Y and Jia, J and Lu, Y and Feng, B and Tang, M and Zhang, H},
title = {LbCOPT1 is a copper transporter induced in Lycium barbarum mycorrhizal roots, which allows tobacco with improved growth and nutrient uptake.},
journal = {Plant cell reports},
volume = {43},
number = {7},
pages = {186},
pmid = {38954032},
issn = {1432-203X},
support = {42277027//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 31700530//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; SKLCUSA-b202007//State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources/ ; },
mesh = {*Lycium/metabolism/genetics/microbiology ; *Mycorrhizae/physiology ; *Plant Proteins/metabolism/genetics ; *Nicotiana/metabolism/genetics/microbiology/growth &amp; development ; *Copper/metabolism ; *Plant Roots/metabolism/microbiology/growth &amp; development ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Plants, Genetically Modified ; Symbiosis ; Nutrients/metabolism ; },
abstract = {Overexpressing the copper transporter LbCOPT1 leads to a notable increase in the abundance of mycorrhizal arbuscules that suggests the potential application of LbCOPT1 in breeding programs aimed at enhancing symbiotic nutrient uptake in Lycium barbarum L.},
}
@article {pmid38953693,
year = {2024},
author = {Chialva, M and Stelluti, S and Novero, M and Masson, S and Bonfante, P and Lanfranco, L},
title = {Genetic and functional traits limit the success of colonisation by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in a tomato wild relative.},
journal = {Plant, cell &amp; environment},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/pce.15007},
pmid = {38953693},
issn = {1365-3040},
support = {727929//European Commission/ ; CN_00000033//Italian Ministry of University and Research/ ; },
abstract = {To understand whether domestication had an impact on susceptibility and responsiveness to arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), we investigated two tomato cultivars ("M82" and "Moneymaker") and a panel of wild relatives including S. neorickii, S. habrochaites and S. pennellii encompassing the whole Lycopersicon clade. Most genotypes revealed good AM colonisation levels when inoculated with the AMF Funneliformis mosseae. By contrast, both S. pennellii accessions analysed showed a very low colonisation, but with normal arbuscule morphology, and a negative response in terms of root and shoot biomass. This behaviour was independent of fungal identity and environmental conditions. Genomic and transcriptomic analyses revealed in S. pennellii the lack of genes identified within QTLs for AM colonisation, a limited transcriptional reprogramming upon mycorrhization and a differential regulation of strigolactones and AM-related genes compared to tomato. Donor plants experiments indicated that the AMF could represent a cost for S. pennellii: F. mosseae could extensively colonise the root only when it was part of a mycorrhizal network, but a higher mycorrhization led to a higher inhibition of plant growth. These results suggest that genetics and functional traits of S. pennellii are responsible for the limited extent of AMF colonisation.},
}
@article {pmid38953331,
year = {2024},
author = {Cibichakravarthy, B and Shaked, N and Kapri, E and Gottlieb, Y},
title = {Endosymbiont-derived metabolites are essential for tick host reproductive fitness.},
journal = {mSphere},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e0069323},
doi = {10.1128/msphere.00693-23},
pmid = {38953331},
issn = {2379-5042},
abstract = {UNLABELLED: Ticks, like other obligatory blood-feeding arthropods, rely on endosymbiotic bacteria to supplement their diet with B vitamins lacking in blood. It has been suggested that additional metabolites such as L-proline may be involved in this nutritional symbiosis, but this has yet to be tested. Here, we studied the metabolite-based interaction between the brown dog tick Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Acari: Ixodidae) and its Coxiella-like endosymbionts (CLE). We measured amino acid titers and tested the effect of B vitamins and L-proline supplementation on the fitness of CLE-suppressed female ticks, displaying low titers of CLE. We found higher titers of L-proline in the symbiont-hosting organs of unfed ticks and in engorged blood-fed whole ticks. Supplementation of B vitamins increased the hatching rate of CLE-suppressed ticks; this effect appears to be stronger when L-proline is added. Our results indicate that L-proline is produced by CLE, and we suggest that CLE is essential in states of high metabolic demand that affects tick reproductive fitness, such as oogenesis and embryonic development. These findings demonstrate the broader effect of nutritional symbionts on their hosts and may potentially contribute to the control of ticks and tick-borne diseases.<br><br>IMPORTANCE: Coxiella-like endosymbionts (CLE) are essential to the brown dog tick Rhipicephalus sanguineus for feeding and reproduction. This symbiosis is based on the supplementation of B vitamins lacking in the blood diet. The involvement of additional metabolites has been suggested, but no experimental evidence is available as yet to confirm a metabolic interaction. Here, we show that B vitamins and L-proline, both of which contribute to tick reproductive fitness, are produced by CLE. These findings demonstrate the importance of symbiont-derived metabolites for the host's persistence and shed light on the complex bacteria-host metabolic interaction, which can be channeled to manipulate and control tick populations.},
}
@article {pmid38950857,
year = {2024},
author = {Xu, Q and Wang, X and Wang, N and Li, S and Yao, X and Kuang, H and Qiu, Z and Ke, D and Yang, W and Guan, Y},
title = {Nitrogen inhibition of nitrogenase activity involves the modulation of cytosolic invertase in soybean nodule.},
journal = {Journal of genetics and genomics = Yi chuan xue bao},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.jgg.2024.06.013},
pmid = {38950857},
issn = {1673-8527},
abstract = {Legume symbiotic nitrogen fixation (SNF) is suppressed by inorganic N in the soil. High N inhibition of nitrogenase activity is associated with the deprivation of carbon allocation and metabolism in nodules. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we identify GmCIN1 which encodes a cytosolic invertase, as a gateway for the N-tuning of sucrose utilization in nodules. GmCIN1 is enriched in mature soybean nodules and its expression is regulated by nitrogen status. The knockout of GmCIN1 using genome editing partially mimicks the inhibitory effects of N on nitrogenase activity and sugar content and the impact of high N on nodule transcriptomes. This indicates that GmCIN1 partially mediates the high N inhibition of nodule activity. Moreover, ChIP-qPCR and EMSA reveal that SNAP1/2 transcription factors directly bind to the GmCIN1 promoter. In addition, SNAP1/2 may be involved in the repression of GmCIN1 expression in mature nodules at high N concentrations. Our findings provide insights into the involvement of the transcriptional tuning of C metabolism genes by N-signaling modulators in the N-induced inhibition of nitrogenase activity.},
}
@article {pmid38949796,
year = {2024},
author = {Lynch, F and Masani, N},
title = {Acute Nephrology Nurse Managers and Medical Directors: The Roles and Relationships to Produce Quality in the Unit.},
journal = {Nephrology nursing journal : journal of the American Nephrology Nurses' Association},
volume = {51},
number = {3},
pages = {221-224},
pmid = {38949796},
issn = {1526-744X},
mesh = {*Nurse Administrators ; Humans ; *Physician Executives ; Nephrology Nursing/standards ; Nurse's Role ; Quality of Health Care ; Interprofessional Relations ; Leadership ; },
abstract = {Nurse managers and medical directors play integral roles in ensuring the delivery of high-quality care. Nurse managers oversee day-to-day operations, coordinating staffing, patient care, and resource allocation. They are responsible for fostering a supportive environment for nursing staff while upholding standards of excellence in patient care. Medical directors bring their clinical expertise and leadership, guiding treatment protocols and ensuring adherence to best practices. Together, nurse managers and medical directors form a dynamic partnership in which collaboration is paramount. By synergizing their respective strengths, nurse managers and medical directors can optimize patient outcomes, streamline processes, and drive continuous improvement initiatives. Effective communication and mutual respect are foundational to this collaboration because they work hand-in-hand to navigate complex medical challenges and uphold standards of excellence. In this symbiotic relationship, the ultimate goal is to produce quality care that enhances patient well-being and satisfaction.},
}
@article {pmid38949734,
year = {2024},
author = {Hussain, A and Faizan, S and Kumari, R and Pandey, E},
title = {Morphological and biochemical responses of Vicia faba (faba beans) grown on fly ash amended soil in the presence of Rhizobium leguminosarum and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus.},
journal = {Environmental science and pollution research international},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {38949734},
issn = {1614-7499},
abstract = {An experiment was conducted in the greenhouse to investigate the feasibility of Vicia faba grown on different fly ash concentrations (0-30%) and dual inoculation with Rhizobium and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). Sampling was done 45 days after sowing to analyse the plant growth parameters, photosynthetic attributes (total chlorophyll and carotenoids content), protein content, nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) content, defensive factors (antioxidant activity and proline content) and damage markers (lipid peroxidation, reactive oxygen species and cell viability). The results revealed that the application of fly ash (FA) alone did not result in any significant improvement in growth, biochemical and physiological parameters. However, dual inoculation showed a synergistic impact on legume growth, photosynthetic pigments, protein, proline, and cell viability. Rhizobium, AMF and 10% FA showed maximum enhancement in all attributes mentioned. 20% and 30% fly doses showed a reduction in growth, photosynthesis and antioxidants and caused oxidative stress via lipid peroxidation. The results showed that the synergistic or combined interactions between all three variables of the symbiotic relationship (Rhizobium-legume-AMF) boosted plant productivity.},
}
@article {pmid38948453,
year = {2024},
author = {Lee, JM and Eom, AH},
title = {Effects of Black and White Mulch on Mycelial Growth of Tuber Species in Korean Field Environment.},
journal = {Mycobiology},
volume = {52},
number = {3},
pages = {172-182},
pmid = {38948453},
issn = {1229-8093},
abstract = {Truffles, belonging to the genus Tuber, are ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi that form underground ascocarps and primarily establish symbiosis with oaks and hazels. The cultivation of Tuber spp. involves transplanting inoculated seedlings that have formed ectomycorrhiza with Tuber species, with mulching being effective for truffle cultivation. In this study, we investigated the effects of mulching on the mycelial growth of four Tuber species (T. himalayense, T. koreanum, T. melanosporum, and T. borchii) in the Korean natural environment, highlighting the potential for Korea as a truffle cultivation site. We developed and tested species-specific primers for quantifying the soil mycelial biomass of Tuber spp. by qRT-PCR, determined the superior mulch color for mycelial growth, and identified the Tuber species exhibiting the highest growth rate in the Korean field environment. Our results demonstrated that white mulch significantly enhanced mycelial growth in Tuber species than black mulch, likely owing to its ability to maintain low soil temperatures, control weeds, and improve host plant growth. Among the Tuber species, T. himalayense showed the greatest growth potential in the Korean natural environment. Additionally, a significant and positive correlation was observed between the mycelial biomass of Tuber species and the growth of inoculated seedlings, as measured by the total stem length and the number of leaves, thereby indicating the importance of symbiosis between ECM fungi and host plants. This study provides valuable insights into truffle cultivation in Korea and highlights the potential of using white mulch to promote mycelial growth, thereby contributing essential data for understanding the appropriate environmental conditions for Tuber spp. cultivation in Korea. Further study is needed to assess the long-term impact of mulching and to explore the effectiveness of other mulching materials.},
}
@article {pmid38947109,
year = {2024},
author = {Parker, W and Jirků, K and Patel, E and Williamson, L and Anderson, L and Laman, JD},
title = {Reevaluating Biota Alteration: Reframing Environmental Influences on Chronic Immune Disorders and Exploring Novel Therapeutic Opportunities.},
journal = {The Yale journal of biology and medicine},
volume = {97},
number = {2},
pages = {253-263},
pmid = {38947109},
issn = {1551-4056},
mesh = {Humans ; Chronic Disease ; *Immune System Diseases ; Animals ; Environment ; },
abstract = {Environmental mismatches are defined as changes in the environment that induce public health crises. Well known mismatches leading to chronic disease include the availability of technologies that facilitate unhealthy diets and sedentary lifestyles, both factors that adversely affect cardiovascular health. This commentary puts these mismatches in context with biota alteration, an environmental mismatch involving hygiene-related technologies necessary for avoidance of infectious disease. Implementation of hygiene-related technologies causes a loss of symbiotic helminths and protists, profoundly affecting immune function and facilitating a variety of chronic conditions, including allergic disorders, autoimmune diseases, and several inflammation-associated neuropsychiatric conditions. Unfortunately, despite an established understanding of the biology underpinning this and other environmental mismatches, public health agencies have failed to stem the resulting tide of increased chronic disease burden. Both biomedical research and clinical practice continue to focus on an ineffective and reactive pharmaceutical-based paradigm. It is argued that the healthcare of the future could take into account the biology of today, effectively and proactively dealing with environmental mismatch and the resulting chronic disease burden.},
}
@article {pmid38946907,
year = {2024},
author = {Dangar, BV and Chavada, P and Bhatt, PJ and Raviya, R},
title = {Reviewing bryophyte-microorganism association: insights into environmental optimization.},
journal = {Frontiers in microbiology},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1407391},
pmid = {38946907},
issn = {1664-302X},
abstract = {Bryophytes, the second-largest group of plants, play a crucial role as early colonizers of land and are a prolific source of naturally occurring substances with significant economic potential. Microorganisms, particularly bacteria, cyanobacteria, fungi form intricate associations with plants, notably bryophytes, contributing to the ecological functioning of terrestrial ecosystems and sometimes it gives negative impact also. This review elucidates the pivotal role of endophytic bacteria in promoting plant growth, facilitating nutrient cycling, and enhancing environmental health. It comprehensively explores the diversity and ecological significance of fungal and bacterial endophytes across various ecosystems. Furthermore, it highlights the moss nitrogen dynamics observed in select moss species. Throughout the review, emphasis is placed on the symbiotic interdependence between bryophytes and microorganisms, offering foundational insights for future research endeavors. By shedding light on the intricate bryophyte-microorganism associations, this study advances our understanding of the complex interplay between plants, microbes, and their environment, paving the way for further research and applications in environmental and biotechnological realms.},
}
@article {pmid38946904,
year = {2024},
author = {Liu, X and Qiu, X and Yang, Y and Wang, J and Wang, Q and Liu, J and Huang, J and Yang, F and Liu, Z and Qi, R},
title = {Uncovering the mechanism of Clostridium butyricum CBX 2021 to improve pig health based on in vivo and in vitro studies.},
journal = {Frontiers in microbiology},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1394332},
pmid = {38946904},
issn = {1664-302X},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: As a symbiotic probiotic for the host, Clostridium butyricum (CB) has the potential to strengthen the body's immune system and improve intestinal health. However, the probiotic mechanism of CB is not completely understood. The Clostridium butyricum CBX 2021 strain isolated by our team from a health pig independently exhibits strong butyric acid production ability and stress resistance. Therefore, this study comprehensively investigated the efficacy of CBX 2021 in pigs and its mechanism of improving pig health.<br><br>METHODS: In this study, we systematically revealed the probiotic effect and potential mechanism of the strain by using various methods such as microbiome, metabolites and transcriptome through animal experiments in vivo and cell experiments in vitro.<br><br>RESULTS: Our in vivo study showed that CBX 2021 improved growth indicators such as daily weight gain in weaned piglets and also reduced diarrhea rates. Meanwhile, CBX 2021 significantly increased immunoglobulin levels in piglets, reduced contents of inflammatory factors and improved the intestinal barrier. Subsequently, 16S rRNA sequencing showed that CBX 2021 treatment implanted more butyric acid-producing bacteria (such as Faecalibacterium) in piglets and reduced the number of potentially pathogenic bacteria (like Rikenellaceae RC9_gut_group). With significant changes in the microbial community, CBX 2021 improved tryptophan metabolism and several alkaloids synthesis in piglets. Further in vitro experiments showed that CBX 2021 adhesion directly promoted the proliferation of a porcine intestinal epithelial cell line (IPEC-J2). Moreover, transcriptome analysis revealed that bacterial adhesion increased the expression of intracellular G protein-coupled receptors, inhibited the Notch signaling pathway, and led to a decrease in intracellular pro-inflammatory molecules.<br><br>DISCUSSION: These results suggest that CBX 2021 may accelerate piglet growth by optimizing the intestinal microbiota, improving metabolic function and enhancing intestinal health.},
}
@article {pmid38945598,
year = {2024},
author = {de Oliveira Duarte, FA and Ramos, KK and Gini, C and Morasi, RM and Silva, NCC and Efraim, P},
title = {Microbiological characterization of kombucha and biocellulose film produced with black tea and cocoa bean shell infusion.},
journal = {Food research international (Ottawa, Ont.)},
volume = {190},
number = {},
pages = {114568},
doi = {10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114568},
pmid = {38945598},
issn = {1873-7145},
mesh = {*Cacao/microbiology/chemistry ; *Fermentation ; *Kombucha Tea/microbiology ; *Food Microbiology ; Tea/microbiology/chemistry ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Food Handling/methods ; Probiotics ; },
abstract = {The food industry is increasingly striving to produce probiotics-based food and beverages using sustainable processes. Therefore, the use of by-products in product development has been investigated by several authors. The aim of this work was to investigate the effects of cocoa bean shell infusion in the production of kombucha through microbiological and genetic characterization. Three beverage formulations were prepared, one based on black tea (KBT), one based on cocoa bean shell infusion (KCS) and one containing 50 % black tea and 50 % cocoa shell infusion (KBL). The infusions were prepared with water, filtered, and sucrose was added. They were then homogenized and a portion of finished kombucha and SCOBY (symbiotic culture of bacteria and yeast) were added. Fermentation took place for 13 days and aliquots were collected every three days for physicochemical and microbial count analyses. Samples from the last day of fermentation were sent for DNA sequencing, extraction and quantification. The results were subjected to analysis of variance and compared by using Tukey's test (p < 0.05). The results show that there was a significant decrease in pH over time in all samples, while the titratable acidity increased, indicating an acidification of the beverage due to the production of organic acids. There was an increase in lactic acid bacterial colonies in all the formulations, which have a probiotic nature and are not always found in this type of beverage. Regarding the taxonomic classification of the samples, microorganisms of the kingdoms Fungi and Bacteria, of the families Saccharomycetaceae and Acetobacteraceae, were found in KBT, KCS and KBL, but with different microbiological compositions, with different amounts of yeasts and bacteria. Therefore, the use of by-products such as cocoa bean shell in the production of kombucha can contribute to the reduction of waste in the food industry and, at the same time, accelerate fermentation increasing the presence of lactic acid bacteria when compared to black tea.},
}
@article {pmid38945511,
year = {2024},
author = {Li, H and Jiang, M and Li, P and Xu, Z and Jiang, P and Chen, L and Gin, KY and He, Y},
title = {Picocyanobacterial-Bacterial Interactions Sustain Cyanobacterial Blooms in Nutrient-Limited Aquatic Environments.},
journal = {Environmental research},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {119508},
doi = {10.1016/j.envres.2024.119508},
pmid = {38945511},
issn = {1096-0953},
abstract = {Cyanobacterial blooms (CBs) and concomitant water quality issues in oligotrophic/mesotrophic waters have been recently reported, challenging the conventional understanding that CBs are primarily caused by eutrophication. To elucidate the underlying mechanism of CBs in nutrition-deficient waters, the changes in Chlorophyll a (Chl-a), cyanobacterial-bacterial community composition, and certain microbial function in Qingcaosha Reservoir, the global largest tidal estuary storage reservoir, were analyzed systematically and comprehensively after its pilot run (2011-2019) in this study. Although the water quality was improved and stabilized, more frequent occurrences of bloom level of Chl-a (>20 μg L[-1]) in warm seasons were observed during recent years. The meteorological changes (CO2, sunshine duration, radiation, precipitation, evaporation, and relative humidity), water quality variations (pH, total organic carbon content, dissolved oxygen, and turbidity), accumulated sediments as an endogenous source, as well as unique estuarine conditions collectively facilitated picocyanobacterial-bacterial coexistence and community functional changes in this reservoir. A stable and tight co-occurrence pattern was established between dominant cyanobacteria (Synechococcus, Cyanobium, Planktothrix, Chroococcidiopsis, and Prochlorothrix) and certain heterotrophic bacteria (Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Bacteroidetes), which contributed to the remineralization of organic matter for cyanobacteria utilization. The relative abundance of chemoorganoheterotrophs and bacteria related to nitrogen transformation (Paracoccus, Rhodoplanes, Nitrosomonas, and Zoogloea) increased, promoting the emergence of CBs in nutrient-limited conditions through enhanced nutrient recycling. In environments with limited nutrients, the interaction between photosynthetic autotrophic microorganisms and heterotrophic bacteria appears to be non-competitive. Instead, they adopt complementary roles within their ecological niche over long-term succession, mutually benefiting from this association. This long-term study confirmed that enhanced nutrient cycling, facilitated by cyanobacterial-bacterial symbiosis following long-term succession, could promote CBs in oligotrophic aquatic environments devoid of external nutrient inputs. This study advances understanding of the mechanisms that trigger and sustain CBs under nutritional constraints, contributing to developing more effective mitigation strategies, ensuring water safety, and maintaining ecological balance.},
}
@article {pmid38945238,
year = {2024},
author = {Zhao, Y and Liu, Y and Cao, S and Hao, Q and Liu, C and Li, Y},
title = {Anaerobic oxidation of methane driven by different electron acceptors: A review.},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
volume = {946},
number = {},
pages = {174287},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174287},
pmid = {38945238},
issn = {1879-1026},
abstract = {Methane, the most significant reduced form of carbon on Earth, acts as a crucial fuel and greenhouse gas. Globally, microbial methane sinks encompass both aerobic oxidation of methane (AeOM), conducted by oxygen-utilizing methanotrophs, and anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM), performed by anaerobic methanotrophs employing various alternative electron acceptors. These electron acceptors involved in AOM include sulfate, nitrate/nitrite, humic substances, and diverse metal oxides. The known anaerobic methanotrophic pathways comprise the internal aerobic oxidation pathway found in NC10 bacteria and the reverse methanogenesis pathway utilized by anaerobic methanotrophic archaea (ANME). Diverse anaerobic methanotrophs can perform AOM independently or in cooperation with symbiotic partners through several extracellular electron transfer (EET) pathways. AOM has been documented in various environments, including seafloor methane seepages, coastal wetlands, freshwater lakes, soils, and even extreme environments like hydrothermal vents. The environmental activities of AOM processes, driven by different electron acceptors, primarily depend on the energy yields, availability of electron acceptors, and environmental adaptability of methanotrophs. It has been suggested that different electron acceptors driving AOM may occur across a wider range of habitats than previously recognized. Additionally, it is proposed that methanotrophs have evolved flexible metabolic strategies to adapt to complex environmental conditions. This review primarily focuses on AOM, driven by different electron acceptors, discussing the associated reaction mechanisms and the habitats where these processes are active. Furthermore, it emphasizes the pivotal role of AOM in mitigating methane emissions.},
}
@article {pmid38945231,
year = {2024},
author = {Che, J and Wu, Y and Yang, H and Chang, Y and Wu, W and Lyu, L and Wang, X and Cao, F and Li, W},
title = {Metabolites of blueberry roots at different developmental stages strongly shape microbial community structure and intra-kingdom interactions at the root-soil interface.},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {174333},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174333},
pmid = {38945231},
issn = {1879-1026},
abstract = {The rhizosphere microorganisms of blueberry plants have long coexisted with their hosts under distinctively acidic soil conditions, exerting a profound influence on host performance through mutualistic symbiotic interactions. Meanwhile, plants can regulate rhizosphere microorganisms by exerting host effects to meet the functional requirements of plant growth and development. However, it remains unknown how the developmental stages of blueberry plants affect the structure, function, and interactions of the rhizosphere microbial communities. Here, we examined bacterial communities and root metabolites at three developmental stages (flower and leaf bud development stage, fruit growth and development stage, and fruit maturation stage) of blueberry plants. The results revealed that the Shannon and Chao 1 indices as well as community composition varied significantly across all three developmental stages. The relative abundance of Actinobacteria significantly increased by 10 % (p < 0.05) from stage 1 to stage 2, whereas that of Proteobacteria decreased significantly. The co-occurrence network analysis revealed a relatively complex network with 1179 edges and 365 nodes in the stage 2. Niche breadth was highest at stage 2, while niche overlap tended to increase as the plant developed. Furthermore, the untargeted metabolome analysis revealed that the number of differential metabolites of vitamins, nucleic acids, steroids, and lipids increased between stage 1 to stage2 and stage 2 to stage 3, while those for differential metabolites of carbohydrates and peptides decreased. Significant changes in expression levels of levan, L-glutamic acid, indoleacrylic acid, oleoside 11-methyl ester, threo-syringoylglycerol, gingerglycolipid B, and bovinic acid were highly correlated with the bacterial community structure. Collectively, our study reveals that significant alterations in dominant bacterial taxa are strongly correlated with the dynamics of root metabolites. These findings lay the groundwork for developing prebiotic products to enhance the beneficial effects of root microorganisms and boosting blueberry productivity via a sustainable approach.},
}
@article {pmid38944957,
year = {2024},
author = {Salazar, MJ and Cáceres-Mago, K and Becerra, AG},
title = {Role of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in lead translocation from Bidens pilosa L. plants to soil.},
journal = {Journal of environmental management},
volume = {365},
number = {},
pages = {121626},
doi = {10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.121626},
pmid = {38944957},
issn = {1095-8630},
abstract = {Bidens pilosa frequently forms a symbiotic association with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). This plant species can grow in Pb-polluted soils, accumulating Pb in its tissues. The aims of the study were to determine whether Pb accumulated in the tissues of B. pilosa can be transferred to the soil through AMF and to compare the role of AMF communities that have a history of exposure to the contaminant with those that have never been exposed. The experiment combined plants with and without Pb accumulated in their tissues, and inoculated with AMF collected from the rhizosphere of B. pilosa in soils contaminated and not contaminated with Pb. The results showed that AMF participate in the removal of Pb that had entered the plant and release it into the soil, as evidenced by the presence of Pb in the AMF spores and in the glomalin produced by AMF. We propose that Pb accumulation in AMF spores would be a protection mechanism that interrupts Pb uptake by the plant; however, that mechanism would not be fully exploited in detoxification, whereas the production of Pb-enriched glomalin could be an important detoxification mechanism to eliminate Pb already taken up by plants. AMF with a history of Pb exposure achieved only higher rates of root colonization, while AMF without previous exposure showed higher Pb concentration in the spores and higher glomalin production, and successfully removed Pb from both the roots and aboveground parts of the plant. The use of AMF communities not adapted to Pb may be a more effective option for microbe-mediated phytoremediation methods in which detoxification mechanisms are desirable.},
}
@article {pmid38944317,
year = {2024},
author = {Zhou, Y and Cui, X and Wu, B and Wang, Z and Liu, Y and Ren, T and Xia, S and Rittmann, BE},
title = {Microalgal extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and their roles in cultivation, biomass harvesting, and bioproducts extraction.},
journal = {Bioresource technology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {131054},
doi = {10.1016/j.biortech.2024.131054},
pmid = {38944317},
issn = {1873-2976},
abstract = {Microalgae extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) are complex high-molecular-weight polymers and the physicochemical properties of EPS strongly affect the core features of microalgae cultivation and resource utilization. Revealing the key roles of EPS in microalgae life-cycle processes in an interesting and novelty topic to achieve energy-efficient practical application of microalgae. This review found that EPS showed positive effect in non-gas uptake, extracellular electron transfer, toxicity resistance and heterotrophic symbiosis, but negative impact in gas transfer and light utilization during microalgae cultivation. For biomass harvesting, EPS favored biomass flocculation and large-size cell self-flocculation, but unfavored small size microalgae self-flocculation, membrane filtration, charge neutralization and biomass dewatering. During bioproducts extraction, EPS exhibited positive impact in extractant uptake, but the opposite effect in cellular membrane permeability and cell rupture. Future research on microalgal EPS were also identified, which offer suggestions for comprehensive understanding of microalgal EPS roles in various scenarios.},
}
@article {pmid38944316,
year = {2024},
author = {Yu, S and Chen, Z and Li, M and Qiu, S and Lv, Z and Ge, S},
title = {Principles, Challenges, and optimization of Indigenous Microalgae-Bacteria consortium for sustainable swine wastewater treatment.},
journal = {Bioresource technology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {131055},
doi = {10.1016/j.biortech.2024.131055},
pmid = {38944316},
issn = {1873-2976},
abstract = {Indigenous microalgae-bacteria consortium (IMBC) offers significant advantages for swine wastewater (SW) treatment including enhanced adaptability and resource recovery. In this review, the approaches for enriching IMBC both in situ and ex situ were comprehensively described, followed by symbiotic mechanisms for IMBC which involve metabolic cross-feeding and signal transmission. Strategies for enhancing treatment efficiencies of SW-originated IMBC were then introduced, including improving SW quality, optimizing system operating conditions, and adjusting microbial activities. Recommendations for maximizing treatment efficiencies were particularly proposed using a decision tree approach. Moreover, removal/recovery mechanisms for typical pollutants in SW using IMBC were critically discussed. Ultimately, a technical route termed SW-IMBC-Crop-Pig was proposed, to achieve a closed-loop economy for pig farms by integrating SW treatment with crop cultivation. This review provides a deeper understanding of the mechanism and strategies for IMBC's resource recovery from SW.},
}
@article {pmid38944303,
year = {2024},
author = {Zhang, P and Zhang, Y and Pang, W and Alonazi, MA and Alwathnani, H and Rensing, C and Xie, R and Zhang, T},
title = {Cenococcum geophilum impedes cadmium toxicity in Pinus massoniana by modulating nitrogen metabolism.},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {174296},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174296},
pmid = {38944303},
issn = {1879-1026},
abstract = {Nitrogen (N) is of great significance to the absorption, distribution and detoxification of cadmium (Cd). Ectomycorrhizal fungi (EMF) are able to affect the key processes of plant N uptake to resist Cd stress, while the mechanism is still unclear. Therefore, we explored potential strategies of Cenococcum geophilum (C. geophilum) symbiosis to alleviate Cd stress in Pinus massoniana (P. massoniana) from the perspective of plant N metabolism and soil N transformation. The results showed that inoculation of C. geophilum significantly increased the activities of NR, NiR and GS in the shoots and roots of P. massoniana, thereby promoting the assimilation of NO3[-] and NH4[+] into amino acids. Moreover, C. geophilum promoted soil urease and protease activities, but decreased soil NH4[+] content, indicating that C. geophilum might increase plant uptake of soil inorganic N. qRT-PCR results showed that C3 symbiosis significantly up-regulated the expression of genes encoding functions involved in NH4[+] uptake (AMT3;1), NO3[-] uptake (NRT2.1, NRT2.4, NRT2.9), as well as Cd resistance (ABCC1 and ABCC2), meanwhile down-regulated the expression of NRT7.3, Cd transporter genes (HMA2 and NRAMP3) in the roots of P. massoniana seedlings. These results demonstrated that C. geophilum was able to alleviate Cd stress by increasing the absorption and assimilation of inorganic N in plants and inhibiting the transport of Cd from roots to shoots, which provided new insights into how EMF improved host resistance to abiotic stress.},
}
@article {pmid38942646,
year = {2024},
author = {Duron, O},
title = {Nutritional symbiosis in ticks: singularities of the genus Ixodes.},
journal = {Trends in parasitology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.pt.2024.06.006},
pmid = {38942646},
issn = {1471-5007},
abstract = {Symbiosis with intracellular bacteria is essential for the nutrition of ticks, particularly through the biosynthesis of B vitamins. Yet, ticks of the genus Ixodes, which include major vectors of human pathogens, lack the nutritional symbionts usually found in other tick genera. This paradox raises questions about the mechanisms that Ixodes ticks use to prevent nutritional deficiencies. Nonetheless, Ixodes ticks commonly harbor other symbionts belonging to the order Rickettsiales. Although these obligate intracellular bacteria are primarily known as human pathogens, Rickettsiales symbionts often dominate the Ixodes microbial community without causing diseases. They also significantly influence Ixodes physiology, synthesize key B vitamins, and are crucial for immatures. These findings underscore unique associations between Rickettsiales and Ixodes ticks distinct from other tick genera.},
}
@article {pmid38942019,
year = {2024},
author = {Mason, B and Hayward, DC and Moya, A and Cooke, I and Sorenson, A and Brunner, R and Andrade, N and Huerlimann, R and Bourne, DG and Schaeffer, P and Grinblat, M and Ravasi, T and Ueda, N and Tang, SL and Ball, EE and Miller, DJ},
title = {Microbiome manipulation by corals and other Cnidaria via quorum quenching.},
journal = {Current biology : CB},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.cub.2024.05.073},
pmid = {38942019},
issn = {1879-0445},
abstract = {A dynamic mucous layer containing numerous micro-organisms covers the surface of corals and has multiple functions including both removal of sediment and "food gathering."[1] It is likely to also act as the primary barrier to infection; various proteins and compounds with antimicrobial activity have been identified in coral mucus, though these are thought to be largely or exclusively of microbial origin. As in Hydra,[2] anti-microbial peptides (AMPs) are likely to play major roles in regulating the microbiomes of corals.[3][,][4] Some eukaryotes employ a complementary but less obvious approach to manipulate their associated microbiome by interfering with quorum signaling, effectively preventing bacteria from coordinating gene expression across a population. Our investigation of immunity in the reef-building coral Acropora millepora,[5] however, led to the discovery of a coral gene referred to here as AmNtNH1 that can inactivate a range of acyl homoserine lactones (AHLs), common bacterial quorum signaling molecules, and is induced on immune challenge of adult corals and expressed during the larval settlement process. Closely related proteins are widely distributed within the Scleractinia (hard corals) and some other cnidarians, with multiple paralogs in Acropora, but their closest relatives are bacterial, implying that these are products of one or more lateral gene transfer events post-dating the cnidarian-bilaterian divergence. The deployment by corals of genes used by bacteria to compete with other bacteria reflects a mechanism of microbiome manipulation previously unknown in Metazoa but that may apply more generally.},
}
@article {pmid38941602,
year = {2024},
author = {Takeuchi, T and Nakanishi, Y and Ohno, H},
title = {Microbial Metabolites and Gut Immunology.},
journal = {Annual review of immunology},
volume = {42},
number = {1},
pages = {153-178},
doi = {10.1146/annurev-immunol-090222-102035},
pmid = {38941602},
issn = {1545-3278},
mesh = {Humans ; Animals ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome/immunology ; Cell Differentiation ; B-Lymphocytes/immunology/metabolism ; T-Lymphocytes/immunology/metabolism ; Bacteria/immunology/metabolism ; },
abstract = {The intestine is the largest peripheral lymphoid organ in animals, including humans, and interacts with a vast array of microorganisms called the gut microbiota. Comprehending the symbiotic relationship between the gut microbiota and our immune system is essential not only for the field of immunology but also for understanding the pathogenesis of various systemic diseases, including cancer, cardiometabolic disorders, and extraintestinal autoimmune conditions. Whereas microbe-derived antigens are crucial for activating the intestinal immune system, particularly T and B cells, as environmental cues, microbes and their metabolites play a critical role in directing the differentiation of these immune cells. Microbial metabolites are regarded as messengers from the gut microbiota, since bacteria have the ability to produce unique molecules that humans cannot, and many immune cells in the intestine express receptors for these molecules. This review highlights the distinct relationships between microbial metabolites and the differentiation and function of the immune system.},
}
@article {pmid38941269,
year = {2024},
author = {Argirò, L and Laffont, C and Moreau, C and Moreau, C and Su, Y and Pervent, M and Parrinello, H and Blein, T and Kohlen, W and Lepetit, M and Frugier, F},
title = {The Compact Root Architecture 2 systemic pathway is required for the induction of cytokinins and of the miR399 in Medicago truncatula N-satisfied plants.},
journal = {Journal of experimental botany},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/jxb/erae281},
pmid = {38941269},
issn = {1460-2431},
abstract = {Plants use a combination of sophisticated local and systemic pathways to optimize growth depending on heterogeneous nutrient availability in the soil. Legume plants can acquire mineral nitrogen (N) either through their roots or via a symbiotic interaction with N-fixing rhizobia bacteria housed in so-called root nodules. To identify shoot-to-root systemic signals acting in Medicago truncatula plants at N-deficit or N-satiety, plants were grown in a split-root experimental design, in which either high or low N was provided to a half of the root system, allowing the analysis of systemic pathways independently of any local N response. Among the plant hormone families analyzed, the cytokinin trans-Zeatin accumulated in plants at N-satiety. Cytokinin application by petiole feeding led to an inhibition of both root growth and nodulation. In addition, an exhaustive analysis of miRNAs revealed that miR2111 accumulates systemically under N-deficit in both shoots and non-treated distant roots, whereas a miRNA related to inorganic Phosphate (Pi)-acquisition, the miR399, does so in plants grown at N-satiety. These two accumulation patterns are dependent on CRA2 (Compact Root Architecture 2), a receptor required for CEP (C-terminally Encoded Peptide) signaling. Constitutive ectopic expression of the miR399 reduced nodule numbers and root biomass depending on Pi availability, suggesting that the miR399-dependent Pi-acquisition regulatory module controlled by N-availability affects the development of the whole legume plant root system.},
}
@article {pmid38940992,
year = {2024},
author = {Pan, Z and Wang, J and He, S and Zhao, H and Dong, X and Feng, T and Meng, Y and Li, X},
title = {Enhancing Seed Germination of Cremastra appendiculata: Screening and Identification of Four New Symbiotic Fungi in the Psathyrellaceae Family.},
journal = {Journal of microbiology (Seoul, Korea)},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {38940992},
issn = {1976-3794},
support = {CXY21013//Fundamental Research Funds for Central Universities of the South-Central Minzu University/ ; CZY22007//Fundamental Research Funds for Central Universities of the South-Central Minzu University/ ; },
abstract = {Several coprinoid fungi have been identified as promotors of Cremastra appendiculata seed germination, while others appear ineffective. This study aimed to discern which genera within the Psathyrellaceae family exhibit this capability and to identify the most effective coprinoid fungi for the cultivation of C. appendiculata. We collected 21 coprinoid fungi from diverse sources and symbiotically cultured them with C. appendiculata seeds. 9 fungi were found to induce seed germination and support seed development, specifically within the genera Coprinellus, Tulosesus, and Candolleomyces. In contrast, fungi that failed to promote germination predominantly belonged to the genera Coprinopsis and Parasola. Notably, four fungi-Coprinellus xanthothrix, Coprinellus pseudodisseminatus, Psathyrella singeri, and Psathyrella candolleana-were documented for the first time as capable of enhancing C. appendiculata seed germination. Strain 218LXJ-10, identified as Coprinellus radians, demonstrated the most significant effect and has been implemented in large-scale production, underscoring its considerable practical value. These findings contribute vital scientific insights for the conservation and sustainable use of C. appendiculata resources.},
}
@article {pmid38939187,
year = {2024},
author = {Hou, W and Xing, Y and Xue, H and Huang, Y and Huang, Y and Men, W and Yang, Y and Kang, T and Dou, D and Zheng, H and Xu, L},
title = {Exploring the diversity and potential functional characteristics of microbiota associated with different compartments of Schisandra chinensis.},
journal = {Frontiers in microbiology},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1419943},
pmid = {38939187},
issn = {1664-302X},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Symbiotic microbial have a significant impact on the growth and metabolism of medicinal plants. Schisandra chinensis is a very functionally rich medicinal herb; however, its microbial composition and diversity have been poorly studied.<br><br>METHODS: In the present study, the core microbiomes associated with the rhizospheric soil, roots, stems, leaves, and fruits of S. chinensis from six geographic locations were analyzed by a macro-genomics approach.<br><br>RESULTS: Alpha and beta diversity analyses showed that the diversity of microbial composition of S. chinensis fruits did not differ significantly among the geographic locations as compared to that in different plant compartments. Principal coordinate analysis showed that the microbial communities of S. chinensis fruits from the different ecological locations were both similar and independent. In all S. chinensis samples, Proteobacteria was the most dominant bacterial phylum, and Ascomycota and Basidiomycota were the most dominant fungal phyla. Nitrospira, Bradyrhizobium, Sphingomonas, and Pseudomonas were the marker bacterial populations in rhizospheric soils, roots, stems and leaves, and fruits, respectively, and Penicillium, Golubevia, and Cladosporium were the marker fungal populations in the rhizospheric soil and roots, stems and leaves, and fruits, respectively. Functional analyses showed a high abundance of the microbiota mainly in biosynthesis.<br><br>DISCUSSION: The present study determined the fungal structure of the symbiotic microbiome of S. chinensis, which is crucial for improving the yield and quality of S. chinensis.},
}
@article {pmid38938763,
year = {2024},
author = {Hedayati, M},
title = {Future-making through eventing human-machine listening.},
journal = {Open research Europe},
volume = {4},
number = {},
pages = {79},
doi = {10.12688/openreseurope.17390.1},
pmid = {38938763},
issn = {2732-5121},
abstract = {Reverb-Resonate: Sounding the Affective Frequencies of Migration operates at the intersection of art, science, and technology to articulate an emotional landscape of migration and exile. Rooted in the methodology of research-creation (RC) and grounded in the interdisciplinary field of Art, Science, and Technology Studies (ASTS), the project transcends conventional disciplinary boundaries to offer speculative possibilities through human-machine listening. Drawing on the body is an already augmented site, the project makes audible physiological sensors that capture micro-level intricacies responsible for stress regulation. Listening, is, thus, foregrounded as the core public engagement strategy, creating a layered sound collage that interweaves somatic registers of recorded breathing samples and physiological sensor values with machine listening to recreate new forms of sound. Engagement with ASTS is, hence, in the form of a method that traverses transforming sensor application, generating technicized sound and composing an acoustic experience capable of affective engagement. Through machine learning-a subfield of artificial intelligence-the notion of 'machine listening' extends beyond human hearing limitations, introducing non-normative structures to challenge and expand habitual forms of human listening. Reverb-Resonate, hence, leverages artistic strategies and techno-augmentations to address the crisis of imagination that hinders opening up to realities far from the familiar and the personal to imagine 'what could be' as a way of future-making. It underscores the critical edge of RC and ASTS in addressing complex critical issues, proposing a speculative space where the human-machine hybrid puts forth a socio-technical assemblage of listening to understand 'otherly' experiences. The project, thus, advances a critical inquiry into the mediation and augmentation of listening to imagine new possibilities for embodied engagement with unfamiliar emotional spaces and experiences.},
}
@article {pmid38938644,
year = {2024},
author = {Luo, F and Mi, W and Liu, W},
title = {Legume-grass mixtures improve biological nitrogen fixation and nitrogen transfer by promoting nodulation and altering root conformation in different ecological regions of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.},
journal = {Frontiers in plant science},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1375166},
pmid = {38938644},
issn = {1664-462X},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) plays a crucial role in nitrogen utilization in agroecosystems. Functional characteristics of plants (grasses vs. legumes) affect BNF. However, little is still known about how ecological zones and cropping patterns affect legume nitrogen fixation. This study's objective was to assess the effects of different cropping systems on aboveground dry matter, interspecific relationships, nodulation characteristics, root conformation, soil physicochemistry, BNF, and nitrogen transfer in three ecological zones and determine the main factors affecting nitrogen derived from the atmosphere (Ndfa) and nitrogen transferred (Ntransfer).<br><br>METHODS: The [15]N labeling method was applied. Oats (Avena sativa L.), forage peas (Pisum sativum L.), common vetch (Vicia sativa L.), and fava beans (Vicia faba L.) were grown in monocultures and mixtures (YS: oats and forage peas; YJ: oats and common vetch; YC: oats and fava beans) in three ecological regions (HZ: Huangshui Valley; GN: Sanjiangyuan District; MY: Qilian Mountains Basin) in a split-plot design.<br><br>RESULTS: The results showed that mixing significantly promoted legume nodulation, optimized the configuration of the root system, increased aboveground dry matter, and enhanced nitrogen fixation in different ecological regions. The percentage of nitrogen derived from the atmosphere (%Ndfa) and percentage of nitrogen transferred (%Ntransfer) of legumes grown with different legume types and in different ecological zones were significantly different, but mixed cropping significantly increased the %Ndfa of the legumes. Factors affecting Ndfa included the cropping pattern, the ecological zone (R), the root nodule number, pH, ammonium-nitrogen, nitrate-nitrogen, microbial nitrogen mass (MBN), plant nitrogen content (N%), and aboveground dry biomass. Factors affecting Ntransfer included R, temperature, altitude, root surface area, nitrogen-fixing enzyme activity, organic matter, total soil nitrogen, MBN, and N%.<br><br>DISCUSSION: We concluded that mixed cropping is beneficial for BNF and that mixed cropping of legumes is a sustainable and effective forage management practice on the Tibetan Plateau.},
}
@article {pmid38938609,
year = {2024},
author = {Truong, NH and Le, TT and Nguyen, HD and Nguyen, HT and Dao, TK and Tran, TM and Tran, HL and Nguyen, DT and Nguyen, TQ and Phan, TH and Do, TH and Phan, NH and Ngo, TC and Vu, VV},
title = {Sequence and structure analyses of lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases mined from metagenomic DNA of humus samples around white-rot fungi in Cuc Phuong tropical forest, Vietnam.},
journal = {PeerJ},
volume = {12},
number = {},
pages = {e17553},
pmid = {38938609},
issn = {2167-8359},
mesh = {Vietnam ; *Mixed Function Oxygenases/genetics/chemistry/metabolism ; Forests ; Chitin/metabolism ; Metagenomics ; Metagenome ; Amino Acid Sequence ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: White-rot fungi and bacteria communities are unique ecosystems with different types of symbiotic interactions occurring during wood decomposition, such as cooperation, mutualism, nutritional competition, and antagonism. The role of chitin-active lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) in these symbiotic interactions is the subject of this study.<br><br>METHOD: In this study, bioinformatics tools were used to analyze the sequence and structure of putative LPMOs mined by hidden Markov model (HMM) profiles from the bacterial metagenomic DNA database of collected humus samples around white-rot fungi in Cuc Phuong primary forest, Vietnam. Two genes encoding putative LPMOs were expressed in E. coli and purified for enzyme activity assay.<br><br>RESULT: Thirty-one full-length proteins annotated as putative LPMOs according to HMM profiles were confirmed by amino acid sequence comparison. The comparison results showed that although the amino acid sequences of the proteins were very different, they shared nine conserved amino acids, including two histidine and one phenylalanine that characterize the H1-Hx-Yz motif of the active site of bacterial LPMOs. Structural analysis of these proteins revealed that they are multidomain proteins with different functions. Prediction of the catalytic domain 3-D structure of these putative LPMOs using Alphafold2 showed that their spatial structures were very similar in shape, although their protein sequences were very different. The results of testing the activity of proteins GL0247266 and GL0183513 show that they are chitin-active LPMOs. Prediction of the 3-D structures of these two LPMOs using Alphafold2 showed that GL0247266 had five functional domains, while GL0183513 had four functional domains, two of which that were similar to the GbpA_2 and GbpA_3 domains of protein GbpA of Vibrio cholerae bacteria. The GbpA_2 - GbpA_3 complex was also detected in 11 other proteins. Based on the structural characteristics of functional domains, it is possible to hypothesize the role of chitin-active GbpA-like LPMOs in the relationship between fungal and bacterial communities coexisting on decomposing trees in primary forests.},
}
@article {pmid38938126,
year = {2024},
author = {Pan, Q and Yu, SJ and Lei, S and Zhang, SH and Ding, LL and Liu, L and Li, SC and Wang, XF and Lou, BH and Ran, C},
title = {Bacterial Symbionts Contribute to Insecticide Susceptibility of Diaphorina citri via Changing the Expression Level of Host Detoxifying Genes.},
journal = {Journal of agricultural and food chemistry},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1021/acs.jafc.4c03049},
pmid = {38938126},
issn = {1520-5118},
abstract = {Insecticide susceptibility is mainly determined by the insect host, but symbiotic bacteria are also an important affecting factor. In this study, we investigate the relationship between the structure of gut bacterial symbionts and insecticide susceptibility in Diaphorina citri, the important carrier of Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas), the causal agent of Huanglongbing (HLB). Our results indicated that antibiotic treatment significantly increased the susceptibility of D. citri to bifenthrin and thiamethoxam, and significantly decreased the relative abundance of Wolbachia and Profftella, enzyme activities of CarEs, and expression level of multiple CarE genes. The relative loads of Wolbachia and Profftella were positively correlated with DcitCCE13, DcitCCE14, DcitCCE15, and DcitCCE16. RNAi and prokaryotic expression revealed that DcitCCE15 is associated with bifenthrin metabolism. These results revealed that bacterial symbionts might regulate DcitCCE15 expression, which is involved in the susceptibility of D. citri to bifenthrin.},
}
@article {pmid38937513,
year = {2024},
author = {Ali, MA and Al-Farga, A and Seddik, MA},
title = {The positive impact of honeybee activity on fennel crop production and sustainability.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {14},
number = {1},
pages = {14869},
pmid = {38937513},
issn = {2045-2322},
mesh = {Bees/physiology ; Animals ; *Foeniculum ; *Pollination ; Flowers ; Crop Production/methods ; Crops, Agricultural/growth &amp; development ; Egypt ; Pollen ; },
abstract = {This study investigates the ecological interaction between honeybees (Apis mellifera) and fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) plants, examining the mutual benefits of this relationship. Field experiments conducted in Egypt from December 2022 to May 2023 recorded diverse insect pollinators attracted to fennel flowers, especially honeybees. Assessing honeybee colonies near fennel fields showed improvements in sealed brood (357.5-772.5 cells), unsealed brood (176.3-343.8 cells), pollen collection (53.25-257.5 units), honey accumulation (257.5-877.5 units), and colony strength (7.75-10) over three weeks. Fennel exposure explained 88-99% of variability in foraging metrics. Comparing open versus self-pollinated fennel revealed enhanced attributes with bee pollination, including higher flower age (25.67 vs 19.67 days), more seeds per umbel (121.3 vs 95.33), bigger seeds (6.533 vs 4.400 mm), heavier seeds (0.510 vs 0.237 g/100 seeds), and increased fruit weight per umbel (0.619 vs 0.226 g). Natural variation in seed color and shape also occurred. The outcomes demonstrate the integral role of honeybees in fennel agroecosystems through efficient pollination services that improve crop productivity and quality. Fennel provides abundant nutritional resources that bolster honeybee colony health. This research elucidates the symbiotic bee-fennel relationship, underscoring mutualistic benefits and the importance of ecological conservation for sustainable agriculture.},
}
@article {pmid38937464,
year = {2024},
author = {Fagan, BT and Constable, GWA and Law, R},
title = {Maternal transmission as a microbial symbiont sieve, and the absence of lactation in male mammals.},
journal = {Nature communications},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {5341},
pmid = {38937464},
issn = {2041-1723},
support = {RC-2018-021//Leverhulme Trust/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Lactation ; Female ; Male ; *Symbiosis ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome/physiology ; Milk/microbiology ; Pregnancy ; Mammals/microbiology ; Maternal Inheritance ; },
abstract = {Gut microbiomes of mammals carry a complex symbiotic assemblage of microorganisms. Feeding newborn infants milk from the mammary gland allows vertical transmission of the parental milk microbiome to the offspring's gut microbiome. This has benefits, but also has hazards for the host population. Using mathematical models, we demonstrate that biparental vertical transmission enables deleterious microbial elements to invade host populations. In contrast, uniparental vertical transmission acts as a sieve, preventing these invasions. Moreover, we show that deleterious symbionts generate selection on host modifier genes that keep uniparental transmission in place. Since microbial transmission occurs during birth in placental mammals, subsequent transmission of the milk microbiome needs to be maternal to avoid the spread of deleterious elements. This paper therefore argues that viviparity and the hazards from biparental transmission of the milk microbiome, together generate selection against male lactation in placental mammals.},
}
@article {pmid38936572,
year = {2024},
author = {Niu, B and Bai, N and Liu, X and Ma, L and Dai, L and Mu, X and Wu, S and Ma, J and Hao, X and Wang, L and Li, P},
title = {The role of GmHSP23.9 in regulating soybean nodulation under elevated CO2 condition.},
journal = {International journal of biological macromolecules},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {133436},
doi = {10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133436},
pmid = {38936572},
issn = {1879-0003},
abstract = {Legume-rhizobia symbiosis offers a unique approach to increase leguminous crop yields. Previous studies have indicated that the number of soybean nodules are increased under elevated CO2 concentration. However, the underlying mechanism behind this phenomenon remains elusive. In this study, transcriptome analysis was applied to identify candidate genes involved in regulating soybean nodulation mediated by elevated CO2 concentration. Among the different expression genes (DEGs), we identified a gene encoding small heat shock protein (sHSP) called GmHSP23.9, which mainly expressed in soybean roots and nodules, and its expression was significantly induced by rhizobium USDA110 infection at 14 days after inoculation (DAI) under elevated CO2 conditions. We further investigated the role of GmHSP23.9 by generating transgenic composite plants carrying GmHSP23.9 overexpression (GmHSP23.9-OE), RNA interference (GmHSP23.9-RNAi), and CRISPR-Cas9 (GmHSP23.9-KO), and these modifications resulted in notable changes in nodule number and the root hairs deformation and suggesting that GmHSP23.9 function as an important positive regulator in soybean. Moreover, we found that altering the expression of GmHSP23.9 influenced the expression of genes involved in the Nod factor signaling pathway and AON signaling pathway to modulate soybean nodulation. Interestingly, we found that knocking down of GmHSP23.9 prevented the increase in the nodule number of soybean in response to elevated CO2 concentration. This research has successfully identified a crucial regulator that influences soybean nodulation under elevated CO2 level and shedding new light on the role of sHSPs in legume nodulation.},
}
@article {pmid38936261,
year = {2024},
author = {Zardi, GI and Monsinjon, JR and Seuront, L and Spilmont, N and McQuaid, CD and Nicastro, KR},
title = {Symbiotic endolithic microbes reduce host vulnerability to an unprecedented heatwave.},
journal = {Marine environmental research},
volume = {199},
number = {},
pages = {106622},
doi = {10.1016/j.marenvres.2024.106622},
pmid = {38936261},
issn = {1879-0291},
abstract = {Heatwaves are increasingly severe and frequent, posing significant threats to ecosystems and human well-being. Characterised by high thermal variability, intertidal communities are particularly vulnerable to heat stress. Microbial endolithic communities that are found in marine calcifying organisms have been shown to induce shell erosion that alters shell surface colour, lowering body temperatures and increasing survival rates. Here, we investigate how the symbiotic relationship between endolithic microbes and the blue intertidal mussel Mytilus edulis mitigates thermal stress during the unprecedented 2022 atmospheric heatwave in the English Channel. Microbial infestation of the shell significantly enhanced mussel survival, particularly higher on the shore where thermal stress was greater. Using data from biomimetic temperature loggers, we predicted the expected thermal buffer and observed differences up to 3.2 °C between individuals with and without symbionts under the known conditions of the heat wave-induced mortality event. The ecological implications extend beyond individual mussels, affecting the reef-building capacity of mussels, with potential cascading effects for local biodiversity, carbon sequestration, and coastal defence. These findings emphasize the importance of understanding small-scale biotic interactions during extreme climate events and provide insights into the dynamic nature of the endolith-mussel symbiosis along a parasitic-mutualistic continuum influenced by abiotic factors.},
}
@article {pmid38935047,
year = {2024},
author = {Ortiz, AM and Brenchley, JM},
title = {Untangling the role of the microbiome across the stages of HIV disease.},
journal = {Current opinion in HIV and AIDS},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1097/COH.0000000000000870},
pmid = {38935047},
issn = {1746-6318},
abstract = {PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The primate microbiome consists of bacteria, eukaryotes, and viruses that dynamically shape and respond to host health and disease. Understanding how the symbiotic relationship between the host and microbiome responds to HIV has implications for therapeutic design.<br><br>RECENT FINDINGS: Advances in microbiome identification technologies have expanded our ability to identify constituents of the microbiome and to infer their functional capacity. The dual use of these technologies and animal models has allowed interrogation into the role of the microbiome in lentiviral acquisition, vaccine efficacy, and the response to antiretrovirals. Lessons learned from such studies are now being harnessed to design microbiome-based interventions.<br><br>SUMMARY: Previous studies considering the role of the microbiome in people living with HIV largely described viral acquisition as an intrusion on the host:microbiome interface. Re-framing this view to consider HIV as a novel, albeit unwelcome, component of the microbiome may better inform the research and development of pre and postexposure prophylaxes.},
}
@article {pmid38934538,
year = {2024},
author = {Michalik, A and C Franco, D and Szklarzewicz, T and Stroiński, A and Łukasik, P},
title = {Facultatively intrabacterial localization of a planthopper endosymbiont as an adaptation to its vertical transmission.},
journal = {mSystems},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e0063424},
doi = {10.1128/msystems.00634-24},
pmid = {38934538},
issn = {2379-5077},
abstract = {Transovarial transmission is the most reliable way of passing on essential nutrient-providing endosymbionts from mothers to offspring. However, not all endosymbiotic microbes follow the complex path through the female host tissues to oocytes on their own. Here, we demonstrate an unusual transmission strategy adopted by one of the endosymbionts of the planthopper Trypetimorpha occidentalis (Hemiptera: Tropiduchidae) from Bulgaria. In this species, an Acetobacteraceae endosymbiont is transmitted transovarially within deep invaginations of cellular membranes of an ancient endosymbiont Sulcia-strikingly resembling recently described plant virus transmission. However, in males, Acetobacteraceae colonizes the same bacteriocytes as Sulcia but remains unenveloped. Then, the unusual endobacterial localization of Acetobacteraceae observed in females appears to be a unique adaptation to maternal transmission. Further, the symbiont's genomic features, including encoding essential amino acid biosynthetic pathways and its similarity to a recently described psyllid symbiont, suggest a unique combination of the ability to horizontally transmit among species and confer nutritional benefits. The close association with Acetobacteraceae symbiont correlates with the so-far-unreported level of genomic erosion of ancient nutritional symbionts of this planthopper. In Sulcia, this is reflected in substantial changes in genomic organization, reported for the first time in the symbiont renowned for its genomic stability. In Vidania, substantial gene loss resulted in one of the smallest genomes known, at 108.6 kb. Thus, the symbionts of T. occidentalis display a combination of unusual adaptations and genomic features that expand our understanding of how insect-microbe symbioses may transmit and evolve.IMPORTANCEReliable transmission across host generations is a major challenge for bacteria that associate with insects, and independently established symbionts have addressed this challenge in different ways. The facultatively endobacterial localization of Acetobacteraceae symbiont, enveloped by cells of ancient nutritional endosymbiont Sulcia in females but not males of the planthopper Trypetimorpha occidentalis, appears to be a unique adaptation to maternal transmission. Acetobacteraceae's genomic features indicate its unusual evolutionary history, and the genomic erosion experienced by ancient nutritional symbionts demonstrates the apparent consequences of such close association. Combined, this multi-partite symbiosis expands our understanding of the diversity of strategies that insect symbioses form and some of their evolutionary consequences.},
}
@article {pmid38933083,
year = {2024},
author = {Medina, A and Bradley, R and Xu, W and Ponce, P and Anthony, B and Molina, A},
title = {Learning manufacturing computer vision systems using tiny YOLOv4.},
journal = {Frontiers in robotics and AI},
volume = {11},
number = {},
pages = {1331249},
pmid = {38933083},
issn = {2296-9144},
abstract = {Implementing and deploying advanced technologies are principal in improving manufacturing processes, signifying a transformative stride in the industrial sector. Computer vision plays a crucial innovation role during this technological advancement, demonstrating broad applicability and profound impact across various industrial operations. This pivotal technology is not merely an additive enhancement but a revolutionary approach that redefines quality control, automation, and operational efficiency parameters in manufacturing landscapes. By integrating computer vision, industries are positioned to optimize their current processes significantly and spearhead innovations that could set new standards for future industrial endeavors. However, the integration of computer vision in these contexts necessitates comprehensive training programs for operators, given this advanced system's complexity and abstract nature. Historically, training modalities have grappled with the complexities of understanding concepts as advanced as computer vision. Despite these challenges, computer vision has recently surged to the forefront across various disciplines, attributed to its versatility and superior performance, often matching or exceeding the capabilities of other established technologies. Nonetheless, there is a noticeable knowledge gap among students, particularly in comprehending the application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) within Computer Vision. This disconnect underscores the need for an educational paradigm transcending traditional theoretical instruction. Cultivating a more practical understanding of the symbiotic relationship between AI and computer vision is essential. To address this, the current work proposes a project-based instructional approach to bridge the educational divide. This methodology will enable students to engage directly with the practical aspects of computer vision applications within AI. By guiding students through a hands-on project, they will learn how to effectively utilize a dataset, train an object detection model, and implement it within a microcomputer infrastructure. This immersive experience is intended to bolster theoretical knowledge and provide a practical understanding of deploying AI techniques within computer vision. The main goal is to equip students with a robust skill set that translates into practical acumen, preparing a competent workforce to navigate and innovate in the complex landscape of Industry 4.0. This approach emphasizes the criticality of adapting educational strategies to meet the evolving demands of advanced technological infrastructures. It ensures that emerging professionals are adept at harnessing the potential of transformative tools like computer vision in industrial settings.},
}
@article {pmid38933035,
year = {2024},
author = {Zhang, L and Wu, Z and Kang, M and Wang, J and Tan, B},
title = {Utilization of Ningxiang pig milk oligosaccharides by Akkermansia muciniphila in vitro fermentation: enhancing neonatal piglet survival.},
journal = {Frontiers in microbiology},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1430276},
pmid = {38933035},
issn = {1664-302X},
abstract = {Akkermansia muciniphila (A. muciniphila), an intestinal symbiont residing in the mucosal layer, shows promise as a probiotic. Our previous study found that the abundance of A. muciniphila was significantly higher in Ningxiang suckling piglets compared to other breeds, suggesting that early breast milk may play a crucial role. This study examines A. muciniphila's ability to utilize Ningxiang pig milk oligosaccharides. We discovered that A. muciniphila can thrive on both Ningxiang pig colostrum and purified pig milk oligosaccharides. Genetic analysis has shown that A. muciniphila harbors essential glycan-degrading enzymes, enabling it to effectively break down a broad spectrum of oligosaccharides. Our findings demonstrate that A. muciniphila can degrade pig milk oligosaccharides structures such as 3'-FL, 3'-SL, LNT, and LNnT, producing short-chain fatty acids in the process. The hydrolysis of these host-derived glycan structures enhances A. muciniphila's symbiotic interactions with other beneficial gut bacteria, contributing to a dynamic microbial ecological network. The capability of A. muciniphila to utilize pig milk oligosaccharides allows it to establish itself in the intestines of newborn piglets, effectively colonizing the mucosal layer early in life. This early colonization is key in supporting both mucosal and metabolic health, which is critical for enhancing piglet survival during lactation.},
}
@article {pmid38932650,
year = {2024},
author = {Güngör, E and Bartels, B and Bolchi, G and Heeren, RMA and Ellis, SR and Schluepmann, H},
title = {Biosynthesis and differential spatial distribution of the 3-deoxyanthocyanidins apigenidin and luteolinidin at the interface of a plant-cyanobacteria symbiosis exposed to cold.},
journal = {Plant, cell &amp; environment},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/pce.15010},
pmid = {38932650},
issn = {1365-3040},
support = {//Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek/ ; project number 16294//NWO-TTW grant AZOPRO/ ; 198.011//Dutch Province of Limburg and a Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research VIDI grant/ ; },
abstract = {Aquatic ferns of the genus Azolla (Azolla) form highly productive symbioses with filamentous cyanobacteria fixing N2 in their leaf cavities, Nostoc azollae. Stressed symbioses characteristically turn red due to 3-deoxyanthocyanidin (DA) accumulation, rare in angiosperms and of unknown function. To understand DA accumulation upon cold acclimation and recovery, we integrated laser-desorption-ionization mass-spectrometry-imaging (LDI-MSI), a new Azolla filiculoides genome-assembly and annotation, and dual RNA-sequencing into phenotypic analyses of the symbioses. Azolla sp. Anzali recovered even when cold-induced DA-accumulation was inhibited by abscisic acid. Cyanobacterial filaments generally disappeared upon cold acclimation and Nostoc azollae transcript profiles were unlike those of resting stages formed in cold-resistant sporocarps, yet filaments re-appeared in leaf cavities of newly formed green fronds upon cold-recovery. The high transcript accumulation upon cold acclimation of AfDFR1 encoding a flavanone 4-reductase active in vitro suggested that the enzyme of the first step in the DA-pathway may regulate accumulation of DAs in different tissues. However, LDI-MSI highlighted the necessity to describe metabolite accumulation beyond class assignments as individual DA and caffeoylquinic acid metabolites accumulated differentially. For example, luteolinidin accumulated in epithelial cells, including those lining the leaf cavity, supporting a role for the former in the symbiotic interaction during cold acclimation.},
}
@article {pmid38932552,
year = {2024},
author = {Dong, J and Wang, X and Bai, G and Wang, D},
title = {[Research progress on the mechanisms of probiotics promoting wound healing].},
journal = {Sheng wu yi xue gong cheng xue za zhi = Journal of biomedical engineering = Shengwu yixue gongchengxue zazhi},
volume = {41},
number = {3},
pages = {635-640},
doi = {10.7507/1001-5515.202208003},
pmid = {38932552},
issn = {1001-5515},
mesh = {*Probiotics/therapeutic use ; *Wound Healing ; Humans ; Skin/microbiology ; Intestines/microbiology ; },
abstract = {Slow wound healing has been a troublesome problem in clinic. In China, traditional methods such as antibiotics and silver sulfadiazine are used to treat skin wound, but the abuse use has many disadvantages, such as chronic wounds and pathogen resistance. Studies have shown that the microorganisms with symbiotic relationship with organisms have benefits on skin wound. Therefore, the way to develop and utilize probiotics to promote wound healing has become a new research direction. In this paper, we reviewed the studies on the bacteriotherapy in the world, described how the probiotics can play a role in promoting wound healing through local wound and intestine, and introduced some mature probiotics products and clinical trials, aiming to provide foundations for further development of bacteriotherapy and products.},
}
@article {pmid38932916,
year = {2023},
author = {Nandety, RS and Wen, J and Mysore, KS},
title = {Medicago truncatula resources to study legume biology and symbiotic nitrogen fixation.},
journal = {Fundamental research},
volume = {3},
number = {2},
pages = {219-224},
pmid = {38932916},
issn = {2667-3258},
abstract = {Medicago truncatula is a chosen model for legumes towards deciphering fundamental legume biology, especially symbiotic nitrogen fixation. Current genomic resources for M. truncatula include a completed whole genome sequence information for R108 and Jemalong A17 accessions along with the sparse draft genome sequences for other 226 M. truncatula accessions. These genomic resources are complemented by the availability of mutant resources such as retrotransposon (Tnt1) insertion mutants in R108 and fast neutron bombardment (FNB) mutants in A17. In addition, several M. truncatula databases such as small secreted peptides (SSPs) database, transporter protein database, gene expression atlas, proteomic atlas, and metabolite atlas are available to the research community. This review describes these resources and provide information regarding how to access these resources.},
}
@article {pmid38931207,
year = {2024},
author = {Lúcio, HG and Lopes, RCSO and Gomes, MJC and da Silva, A and Grancieri, M and Della Lucia, CM and Queiroz, VAV and da Silva, BP and Martino, HSD},
title = {A Symbiotic Meal Containing Extruded Sorghum and Probiotic (Bifidobacterium longum) Ameliorated Intestinal Health Markers in Individuals with Chronic Kidney Disease: A Secondary Analysis of a Subsample from a Previous Randomized and Controlled Clinical Trial.},
journal = {Nutrients},
volume = {16},
number = {12},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/nu16121852},
pmid = {38931207},
issn = {2072-6643},
support = {88887.599144/2021-00//Coordena&#xe7;&#xe3;o de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de N&#xed;vel Superior/ ; CDS-APQ-01683-15//Funda&#xe7;&#xe3;o de Amparo &#xe0; Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais/ ; 310910/2020-0//National Council for Scientific and Technological Development/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/therapy ; *Probiotics/administration &amp; dosage ; *Sorghum ; Male ; Female ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome/drug effects ; Middle Aged ; Single-Blind Method ; *Bifidobacterium longum ; Fatty Acids, Volatile/metabolism/analysis ; Biomarkers/blood ; Aged ; Dysbiosis ; Adult ; Intestines/microbiology ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Chronic kidney disease increases uremic toxins concentrations, which have been associated with intestinal dysbiosis. Sorghum bicolor L. Moench has dietary fiber and bioactive compounds, while Bifidobacterium longum can promote beneficial health effects.<br><br>METHODS: It is a controlled, randomized, and single-blind clinical trial. Thirty-nine subjects were randomly separated into two groups: symbiotic group (SG), which received 100 mL of unfermented probiotic milk with Bifidobacterium longum strain and 40 g of extruded sorghum flakes; and the control group (CG), which received 100 mL of pasteurized milk and 40 g of extruded corn flakes for seven weeks.<br><br>RESULTS: The uremic toxins decreased, and gastrointestinal symptoms improved intragroup in the SG group. The acetic, propionic, and butyric acid production increased intragroup in the SG group. Regarding &#x3b1;-diversity, the Chao1 index was enhanced in the SG intragroup. The KEGG analysis revealed that symbiotic meal increased the intragroup energy and amino sugar metabolism, in addition to enabling essential amino acid production and metabolism, sucrose degradation, and the biosynthesis of ribonucleotide metabolic pathways.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: The consumption of symbiotic meal reduced BMI, improved short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) synthesis and gastrointestinal symptoms, increased diversity according to the Chao1 index, and reduced uremic toxins in chronic kidney disease patients.},
}
@article {pmid38931110,
year = {2024},
author = {Xu, H and Shi, Y and Chen, C and Pang, Z and Zhang, G and Zhang, W and Kan, H},
title = {Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Selectively Promoted the Growth of Three Ecological Restoration Plants.},
journal = {Plants (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {13},
number = {12},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/plants13121678},
pmid = {38931110},
issn = {2223-7747},
support = {QNJJ202333//Youth Research Foundation of Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences/ ; KJCX20230305; KJCX20230220//Special Project on Hi-Tech Innovation Capacity of Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences/ ; },
abstract = {Arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculation can promote plant growth, but specific research on the difference in the symbiosis effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and plant combination is not yet in-depth. Therefore, this study selected Medicago sativa L., Bromus inermis Leyss, and Festuca arundinacea Schreb., which were commonly used for restoring degraded land in China to inoculate with three AMF separately, to explore the effects of different AMF inoculation on the growth performance and nutrient absorption of different plants and to provide a scientific basis for the research and development of the combination of mycorrhiza and plants. We set up four treatments with inoculation Entrophospora etunicata (EE), Funneliformis mosseae (FM), Rhizophagus intraradices (RI), and non-inoculation. The main research findings are as follows: the three AMF formed a good symbiotic relationship with the three grassland plants, with RI and FM having more significant inoculation effects on plant height, biomass, and tiller number. Compared with C, the aboveground biomass of Medicago sativa L., Bromus inermis Leyss, and Festuca arundinacea Schreb. inoculated with AMF increased by 101.30-174.29%, 51.67-74.14%, and 110.67-174.67%. AMF inoculation enhanced the plant uptake of N, P, and K, and plant P and K contents were significantly correlated with plant biomass. PLS-PM analyses of three plants all showed that AMF inoculation increased plant nutrient uptake and then increased aboveground biomass and underground biomass by increasing plant height and root tillering. This study showed that RI was a more suitable AMF for combination with grassland degradation restoration grass species and proposed the potential mechanism of AMF-plant symbiosis to increase yield.},
}
@article {pmid38930979,
year = {2024},
author = {Chandrakasan, G and García-Trejo, JF and Feregrino-Pérez, AA and Aguirre-Becerra, H and García, ER and Nieto-Ramírez, MI},
title = {Preliminary Screening on Antibacterial Crude Secondary Metabolites Extracted from Bacterial Symbionts and Identification of Functional Bioactive Compounds by FTIR, HPLC and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry.},
journal = {Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {29},
number = {12},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/molecules29122914},
pmid = {38930979},
issn = {1420-3049},
mesh = {Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid/methods ; *Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology/chemistry ; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared/methods ; *Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry/methods ; *Symbiosis ; Secondary Metabolism ; Photorhabdus/chemistry/metabolism ; Xenorhabdus/chemistry/metabolism ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Animals ; },
abstract = {Secondary metabolites, bioactive compounds produced by living organisms, can unveil symbiotic relationships in nature. In this study, soilborne entomopathogenic nematodes associated with symbiotic bacteria (Xenorhabdus stockiae and Photorhabdus luminescens) were extracted from solvent supernatant containing secondary metabolites, demonstrating significant inhibitory effects against E. coli, S. aureus, B. subtilus, P. mirabilis, E. faecalis, and P. stutzeri. The characterization of these secondary metabolites by Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy revealed amine groups of proteins, hydroxyl and carboxyl groups of polyphenols, hydroxyl groups of polysaccharides, and carboxyl groups of organic acids. Furthermore, the obtained crude extracts were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography for the basic identification of potential bioactive peptides. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of ethyl acetate extracts from Xenorhabdus stockiae identified major compounds including nonanoic acid derivatives, proline, paromycin, octodecanal derivatives, trioxa-5-aza-1-silabicyclo, 4-octadecenal, methyl ester, oleic acid, and 1,2-benzenedicarboxylicacid. Additional extraction from Photorhabdus luminescens yielded functional compounds such as indole-3-acetic acid, phthalic acid, 1-tetradecanol, nemorosonol, 1-eicosanol, and unsaturated fatty acids. These findings support the potential development of novel natural antimicrobial agents for future pathogen suppression.},
}
@article {pmid38930599,
year = {2024},
author = {Liu, Y and Wu, H and Shu, Y and Hua, Y and Fu, P},
title = {Symbiodiniaceae and Ruegeria sp. Co-Cultivation to Enhance Nutrient Exchanges in Coral Holobiont.},
journal = {Microorganisms},
volume = {12},
number = {6},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/microorganisms12061217},
pmid = {38930599},
issn = {2076-2607},
abstract = {The symbiotic relationship between corals and their associated microorganisms is crucial for the health of coral reef eco-environmental systems. Recently, there has been a growing interest in unraveling how the manipulation of symbiont nutrient cycling affects the stress tolerance in the holobiont of coral reefs. However, most studies have primarily focused on coral-Symbiodiniaceae-bacterial interactions as a whole, neglecting the interactions between Symbiodiniaceae and bacteria, which remain largely unexplored. In this study, we proposed a hypothesis that there exists an inner symbiotic loop of Symbiodiniaceae and bacteria within the coral symbiotic loop. We conducted experiments to demonstrate how metabolic exchanges between Symbiodiniaceae and bacteria facilitate the nutritional supply necessary for cellular growth. It was seen that the beneficial bacterium, Ruegeria sp., supplied a nitrogen source to the Symbiodiniaceae strain Durusdinium sp., allowing this dinoflagellate to thrive in a nitrogen-free medium. The Ruegeria sp.-Durusdinium sp. interaction was confirmed through [15]N-stable isotope probing-single cell Raman spectroscopy, in which [15]N infiltrated into the bacterial cells for intracellular metabolism, and eventually the labeled nitrogen source was traced within the macromolecules of Symbiodiniaceae cells. The investigation into Symbiodiniaceae loop interactions validates our hypothesis and contributes to a comprehensive understanding of the intricate coral holobiont. These findings have the potential to enhance the health of coral reefs in the face of global climate change.},
}
@article {pmid38930558,
year = {2024},
author = {Chamara, RMSR and Miyoshi, K and Yukawa, T and Asai, N and Ogura-Tsujita, Y},
title = {Orchid Mycorrhizal Association of Cultivated Dendrobium Hybrid and Their Role in Seed Germination and Seedling Growth.},
journal = {Microorganisms},
volume = {12},
number = {6},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/microorganisms12061176},
pmid = {38930558},
issn = {2076-2607},
abstract = {Orchids are crucial for the horticulture industry. Mycorrhizal fungi benefit crops by improving nutrition, plant growth, and disease resistance. However, the mycorrhizal association of horticultural hybrid orchids is poorly understood. To address this, we investigated mycorrhizal colonization in the entire root system and assessed the mycorrhizal community using a Dendrobium cultivar, D. Stardust 'Firebird', obtained from three nurseries. Additionally, we isolated and tested mycorrhizal fungi in symbiotic culture to assess their role in the seed germination and growth of Dendrobium species. All plants were colonized by mycorrhizal fungi, with a higher colonization rate in mature than in juvenile plants. Molecular identification of mycorrhizal fungi by Sanger and high-throughput sequencing revealed that the cultivar was associated with a phylogenetically diverse group of fungi, including mycorrhizal fungi from Tulasnellaceae, and several wood-decaying fungi. The Tulasnellaceae isolates significantly enhanced the seed germination of three Dendrobium species and increased the survival rate and growth of asymbiotic seedlings of D. moniliforme. This study is the first comprehensive examination of mycorrhizal associations in horticultural orchid hybrids, providing valuable insights for commercial production.},
}
@article {pmid38930461,
year = {2024},
author = {Chen, S and Pham, S and Terrapon, N and Blom, J and Walker, ED},
title = {Elizabethkingia anophelis MSU001 Isolated from Anopheles stephensi: Molecular Characterization and Comparative Genome Analysis.},
journal = {Microorganisms},
volume = {12},
number = {6},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/microorganisms12061079},
pmid = {38930461},
issn = {2076-2607},
support = {R37AI21884//This project was funded by the Seed Grant of College of Health and Human Sciences at Northern Illinois University (awarded to S.C.) and NIH grant/ ; },
abstract = {Elizabethkingia anophelis MSU001, isolated from Anopheles stephensi in the laboratory, was characterized by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-ToF/MS), biochemical testing, and genome sequencing. Average nucleotide identity analysis revealed 99% identity with the type species E. anophelis R26. Phylogenetic placement showed that it formed a clade with other mosquito-associated strains and departed from a clade of clinical isolates. Comparative genome analyses further showed that it shared at least 98.6% of genes with mosquito-associated isolates (except E. anophelis As1), while it shared at most 88.8% of common genes with clinical isolates. Metabolites from MSU001 significantly inhibited growth of E. coli but not the mosquito gut symbionts Serratia marcescens and Asaia sp. W12. Insect-associated E. anophelis carried unique glycoside hydrolase (GH) and auxiliary activities (AAs) encoding genes distinct from those of clinical isolates, indicating their potential role in reshaping chitin structure and other components involved in larval development or formation of the peritrophic matrix. Like other Elizabethkingia, MSU001 also carried abundant genes encoding two-component system proteins (51), transcription factor proteins (188), and DNA-binding proteins (13). E. anophelis MSU001 contains a repertoire of antibiotic resistance genes and several virulence factors. Its potential for opportunistic infections in humans should be further evaluated prior to implementation as a paratransgenesis agent (by transgenesis of a symbiont of the vector).},
}
@article {pmid38930451,
year = {2024},
author = {Balleza-Alejandri, LR and Peña-Durán, E and Beltrán-Ramírez, A and Reynoso-Roa, AS and Sánchez-Abundis, LD and García-Galindo, JJ and Suárez-Rico, DO},
title = {Decoding the Gut Microbiota-Gestational Diabetes Link: Insights from the Last Seven Years.},
journal = {Microorganisms},
volume = {12},
number = {6},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/microorganisms12061070},
pmid = {38930451},
issn = {2076-2607},
abstract = {The human microbiome, a complex ecosystem of bacteria, viruses, and protozoans living in symbiosis with the host, plays a crucial role in human health, influencing everything from metabolism to immune function. Dysbiosis, or an imbalance in this ecosystem, has been linked to various health issues, including diabetes and gestational diabetes (GD). In diabetes, dysbiosis affects the function of adipose tissue, leading to the release of adipokines and cytokines, which increase inflammation and insulin resistance. During pregnancy, changes to the microbiome can exacerbate glucose intolerance, a common feature of GD. Over the past years, burgeoning insights into the gut microbiota have unveiled its pivotal role in human health. This article comprehensively reviews literature from the last seven years, highlighting the association between gut microbiota dysbiosis and GD, as well as the metabolism of antidiabetic drugs and the potential influences of diet and probiotics. The underlying pathophysiological mechanisms discussed include the impact of dysbiosis on systemic inflammation and the interplay with genetic and environmental factors. By focusing on recent studies, the importance of considering microbial health in the prevention and treatment of GD is emphasized, providing insights into future research directions and clinical applications to improve maternal-infant health outcomes.},
}
@article {pmid38930436,
year = {2024},
author = {Yao, N and Wang, T and Jiang, J and Yang, Y and Cao, X},
title = {Coriolopsis strumosa as an Orchid Endophytic Fungus and Its Spatial Distribution in Epidendrum sp. (Orchidaceae).},
journal = {Microorganisms},
volume = {12},
number = {6},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/microorganisms12061054},
pmid = {38930436},
issn = {2076-2607},
support = {No. 32101497//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; No. 31800523//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; },
abstract = {Coriolopsis spp. are wood-decaying fungi that inhabit forests. They are mainly distributed in tropical and subtropical areas. Strain Epi910 was isolated from the asymbiotically germinated protocorm of Epidendrum sp. and identified as Coriolopsis strumosa. Symbiotic germination and high-throughput sequencing of the endophytic fungal communities of different parts were performed to characterize the function and spatial distribution of the Epi910 isolate. Under symbiotic germination, Epi910 promoted seed germination and seedling formation as an endophytic native fungus of Epidendrum sp. Endophytic fungal communities from seven different parts of Epidendrum sp. were characterized. In total, 645 OTUs were identified; 30 OTUs were shared among all seven parts. The internal transcribed spacer sequence of Epi910 was identical to that of a dominant shared OTU (OTU6). The relative abundance of OTU6 in the seven parts was identified as follows: capsule pericarp > seed > root > asymbiotically germinated protocorm > epiphytic root > ovary > rachis. Our results suggest that the isolate belonging to Coriolopsis strumosa could promote the germination of Epidendrum sp. There may, therefore, be endophytic fungi other than common orchid mycorrhizal fungi with the ability to enhance germination in orchids.},
}
@article {pmid38929667,
year = {2024},
author = {Amador, LA and Colón-Lorenzo, EE and Rodríguez, AD and Serrano, AE},
title = {Probing the Antiplasmodial Properties of Plakortinic Acids C and D: An Uncommon Pair of Marine Peroxide-Polyketides Isolated from a Two-Sponge Association of Plakortis symbiotica and Xetospongia deweerdtae Collected near Puerto Rico.},
journal = {Life (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {14},
number = {6},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/life14060684},
pmid = {38929667},
issn = {2075-1729},
support = {1SC1GM086271-01A1/GF/NIH HHS/United States ; },
abstract = {Plakortinic acids C (1) and D (2), an unseparable pair of endoperoxide polyketides isolated and purified from the symbiotic association of Caribbean Sea sponges Plakortis symbiotica-Xestospongia deweerdtae, underwent in vitro evaluation for antiplasmodial activity against the malaria parasite Plasmodium berghei using a drug luminescence assay. Initial screening at 10 µM revealed 50% in vitro parasite growth inhibition. The title compounds displayed antiplasmodial activity with an EC50 of 5.3 µM toward P. berghei parasites. The lytic activity against erythrocytes was assessed through an erythrocyte cell lysis assay, which showed non-lytic activity at lower concentrations ranging from 1.95 to 3.91 µM. The antiplasmodial activity and the absence of hemolytic activity support the potential of plakortinic acids C (1) and D (2) as promising lead compounds. Moreover, drug-likeness (ADMET) properties assessed through the pkCSM server predicted high intestinal absorption, hepatic metabolism, and volume of distribution, indicating favorable pharmacokinetic profiles for oral administration. These findings suggest the potential suitability of these metabolites for further investigations of antiplasmodial activity in multiple parasitic stages in the mosquito and Plasmodium falciparum. Notably, this study represents the first report of a marine natural product exhibiting the unique 7,8-dioxatricyclo[4.2.2.0[2,5]]dec-9-ene motif being evaluated against malaria.},
}
@article {pmid38927295,
year = {2024},
author = {Wangthaisong, P and Piromyou, P and Songwattana, P and Phimphong, T and Songsaeng, A and Pruksametanan, N and Boonchuen, P and Wongdee, J and Teamtaisong, K and Boonkerd, N and Sato, S and Tittabutr, P and Teaumroong, N},
title = {CopG1, a Novel Transcriptional Regulator Affecting Symbiosis in Bradyrhizobium sp. SUTN9-2.},
journal = {Biology},
volume = {13},
number = {6},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/biology13060415},
pmid = {38927295},
issn = {2079-7737},
support = {//The Royal Golden Jubilee Ph.D. Programme (RGJ) scholarship under the Thailand Research Fund (TRF)/ ; //Suranaree University of Technology (SUT), National Science, Research, and Innovation Fund (NSRF)/ ; B16F640113//The NSRF via the Program Management Unit for Human Resources &amp; Institutional Development, Research, and Innovation/ ; //The Office of the Permanent Secretary of the Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Research, and Innovation/ ; N42A650322//National Research Council of Thailand (NRTC) and Suranaree University of Technology/ ; },
abstract = {The symbiotic interaction between leguminous and Bradyrhizobium sp. SUTN9-2 mainly relies on the nodulation process through Nod factors (NFs), while the type IV secretion system (T4SS) acts as an alternative pathway in this symbiosis. Two copies of T4SS (T4SS1 and T4SS2) are located on the chromosome of SUTN9-2. ΔT4SS1 reduces both nodule number and nitrogenase activity in all SUTN9-2 nodulating legumes. The functions of three selected genes (copG1, traG1, and virD21) within the region of T4SS1 were examined. We generated deleted mutants and tested them in Vigna radiata cv. SUT4. ΔtraG1 and ΔvirD21 exhibited lower invasion efficiency at the early stages of root infection but could be recently restored. In contrast, ΔcopG1 completely hindered nodule organogenesis and nitrogenase activity in all tested legumes. ΔcopG1 showed low expression of the nodulation gene and ttsI but exhibited high expression levels of the T4SS genes, traG1 and trbE1. The secreted proteins from ΔT4SS1 were down-regulated compared to the wild-type. Although ΔcopG1 secreted several proteins after flavonoid induction, T3SS (nopP and nopX) and the C4-dicarboxylate transporter (dct) were not detected. These results confirm the crucial role of the copG1 gene as a novel key regulator in the symbiotic relationship between SUTN9-2 and legumes.},
}
@article {pmid38927288,
year = {2024},
author = {Sun, W and Luo, C and Wu, Y and Ding, M and Feng, M and Leng, F and Wang, Y},
title = {Paraphoma chrysanthemicola Affects the Carbohydrate and Lobetyolin Metabolism Regulated by Salicylic Acid in the Soilless Cultivation of Codonopsis pilosula.},
journal = {Biology},
volume = {13},
number = {6},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/biology13060408},
pmid = {38927288},
issn = {2079-7737},
support = {32160066//National natrual science foundation of china/ ; },
abstract = {Paraphoma chrysanthemicola, an endophytic fungus isolated from the roots of Codonopsis pilosula, influences salicylic acid (SA) levels. The interaction mechanism between SA and P. chrysanthemicola within C. pilosula remains elusive. To elucidate this, an experiment was conducted with four treatments: sterile water (CK), P. chrysanthemicola (FG), SA, and a combination of P. chrysanthemicola with salicylic acid (FG+SA). Results indicated that P. chrysanthemicola enhanced plant growth and counteracted the growth inhibition caused by exogenous SA. Physiological analysis showed that P. chrysanthemicola reduced carbohydrate content and enzymatic activity in C. pilosula without affecting total chlorophyll concentration and attenuated the increase in these parameters induced by exogenous SA. Secondary metabolite profiling showed a decrease in soluble proteins and lobetyolin levels in the FG group, whereas SA treatment led to an increase. Both P. chrysanthemicola and SA treatments decreased antioxidase-like activity. Notably, the FG group exhibited higher nitric oxide (NO) levels, and the SA group exhibited higher hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) levels in the stems. This study elucidated the intricate context of the symbiotic dynamics between the plant species P. chrysanthemicola and C. pilosula, where an antagonistic interaction involving salicylic acid was prominently observed. This antagonism was observed in the equilibrium between carbohydrate metabolism and secondary metabolism. This equilibrium had the potential to engage reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO).},
}
@article {pmid38926580,
year = {2024},
author = {Lin, J and Bjørk, PK and Kolte, MV and Poulsen, E and Dedic, E and Drace, T and Andersen, SU and Nadzieja, M and Liu, H and Castillo-Michel, H and Escudero, V and González-Guerrero, M and Boesen, T and Pedersen, JS and Stougaard, J and Andersen, KR and Reid, D},
title = {Zinc mediates control of nitrogen fixation via transcription factor filamentation.},
journal = {Nature},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {38926580},
issn = {1476-4687},
abstract = {Plants adapt to fluctuating environmental conditions by adjusting their metabolism and gene expression to maintain fitness[1]. In legumes, nitrogen homeostasis is maintained by balancing nitrogen acquired from soil resources with nitrogen fixation by symbiotic bacteria in root nodules[2-8]. Here we show that zinc, an essential plant micronutrient, acts as an intracellular second messenger that connects environmental changes to transcription factor control of metabolic activity in root nodules. We identify a transcriptional regulator, FIXATION UNDER NITRATE (FUN), which acts as a sensor, with zinc controlling the transition between an inactive filamentous megastructure and an active transcriptional regulator. Lower zinc concentrations in the nodule, which we show occur in response to higher levels of soil nitrate, dissociates the filament and activates FUN. FUN then directly targets multiple pathways to initiate breakdown of the nodule. The zinc-dependent filamentation mechanism thus establishes a concentration readout to adapt nodule function to the environmental nitrogen conditions. In a wider perspective, these results have implications for understanding the roles of metal ions in integration of environmental signals with plant development and optimizing delivery of fixed nitrogen in legume crops.},
}
@article {pmid38925523,
year = {2024},
author = {Wu, C and Ma, Y and Shan, Y and Song, X and Wang, D and Ren, X and Hu, H and Cui, J and Ma, Y},
title = {Exploring the potential of biochar for the remediation of microbial communities and element cycling in microplastic-contaminated soil.},
journal = {Chemosphere},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {142698},
doi = {10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142698},
pmid = {38925523},
issn = {1879-1298},
abstract = {The detrimental effects of microplastics (MPs) on soil microbial and elemental raise significant environmental concerns. The potential of remediation with biochar to mitigate these negative impacts remains an open question. The remediation effects of biochar derived from corn and cotton straw on MPs concerning soil microorganisms and element cycling were investigated. Specifically, biochar induced substantial remediations in microbial community structure following MP exposure, restoring and fortifying the symbiotic network while exerting dominance over microbial community changes. A combined treatment of biochar and MPs exhibited a noteworthy increase in the abundance of NH4[+], NO3[-], and available phosphorous by 0.46-2.1 times, reversing the declining trend of dissolved organic carbon, showing a remarkable increase by 0.36 times. This combined treatment also led to a reduction in the abundance of the nitrogen fixation gene nifH by 0.46 times, while significantly increasing the expression of nitrification genes (amoA and amoB) and denitrification genes (nirS and nirK) by 22.5 times and 1.7 times, respectively. Additionally, the carbon cycle cbbLG gene showed a 2.3-fold increase, and the phosphorus cycle gene phoD increased by 0.1-fold. The mixed treatment enriched element-cycling microorganisms by 4.8 to 9.6 times. In summary, the addition of biochar repaired the negative effects of MPs in terms of microbial community dynamics, element content, gene expression, and functional microbiota. These findings underscore the crucial role of biochar in alleviating the adverse effects of MPs on microbial communities and elemental cycling, providing valuable insights into sustainable environmental remediation strategies.},
}
@article {pmid38925401,
year = {2024},
author = {Chen, QK and Xiang, XH and Yan, P and Liu, SY},
title = {Enhancing strategies of photosynthetic hydrogen production from microalgae: Differences in hydrogen production between prokaryotic and eukaryotic algae.},
journal = {Bioresource technology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {131029},
doi = {10.1016/j.biortech.2024.131029},
pmid = {38925401},
issn = {1873-2976},
abstract = {Hydrogen production through the metabolic bypass of microalgae photosynthesis is an environmentally friendly method. This review examines the genetic differences in hydrogen production between prokaryotic and eukaryotic microalgae. Additionally, the pathways for enhancing microalgae-based photosynthetic hydrogen generation are summarized. The main strategies for enhancing microalgal hydrogen production involve inhibiting the oxygen-generating process of photosynthesis and promoting the oxygen tolerance of hydrogenase. Future research is needed to explore the regulation of physiological metabolism through quorum sensing in microalgae to enhance photosynthetic hydrogen production. Moreover, effective evaluation of carbon emissions and sequestration across the entire photosynthetic hydrogen production process is crucial for determining the sustainability of microalgae-based production approaches through comprehensive lifecycle assessment. This review elucidates the prospects and challenges associated with photosynthetic hydrogen production by microalgae.},
}
@article {pmid38924118,
year = {2024},
author = {Phan Van, T and Nguyen, QD and Nguyen, NN and Do, AD},
title = {Efficiency of freeze- and spray-dried microbial preparation as active dried starter culture in kombucha fermentation.},
journal = {Journal of the science of food and agriculture},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1002/jsfa.13697},
pmid = {38924118},
issn = {1097-0010},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Kombucha is a widely consumed fermented beverage produced by fermenting sweet tea with a symbiotic culture of bacteria and yeast (SCOBY). The dynamic nature of microbial communities in SCOBY may pose challenges to production scale-up due to unpredictable variations in microbial composition. Using identified starter strains is a novel strategy to control microorganism composition, thereby ensuring uniform fermentation quality across diverse batches. However, challenges persist in the cultivation and maintenance of these microbial strains. This study examined the potential of microencapsulated kombucha fermentation starter cultures, specifically Komagataeibacter saccharivorans, Levilactobacillus brevis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, through spray-drying and freeze-drying.<br><br>RESULTS: Maltodextrin and gum arabic-maltodextrin were employed as carrier agents. Our results revealed that both spray-dried and freeze-dried samples adhered to physicochemical criteria, with low moisture content (2.18-7.75%) and relatively high solubility (65.75-87.03%) which are appropriate for food application. Freeze-drying demonstrated greater effectiveness in preserving bacterial strain viability (88.30-90.21%) compared to spray drying (74.92-78.66%). Additionally, the freeze-dried starter strains demonstrated similar efficacy in facilitating kombucha fermentation, compared to the SCOBY group. The observations included pH reduction, acetic acid production, &#x3b1;-amylase inhibition and elevated total polyphenol and flavonoid content. Moreover, the biological activity, including antioxidant potential and in vitro tyrosinase inhibition activity, was enhanced in the same pattern. The freeze-dried strains exhibited consistent kombucha fermentation capabilities over a three-month preservation, regardless of storage temperature at 30 or 4&#x2009;&#xb0;C.<br><br>CONCLUSION: These findings highlight the suitability of freeze-dried starter cultures for kombucha production, enable microbial composition control, mitigate contamination risks and ensure consistent product quality. &#xa9; 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.},
}
@article {pmid38923649,
year = {2024},
author = {Saifi, F and Biró, JB and Horváth, B and Vizler, C and Laczi, K and Rákhely, G and Kovács, S and Kang, M and Li, D and Chen, Y and Chen, R and Domonkos, &#xc1; and Kaló, P},
title = {Two members of a Nodule-specific Cysteine-Rich (NCR) peptide gene cluster are required for differentiation of rhizobia in Medicago truncatula nodules.},
journal = {The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/tpj.16871},
pmid = {38923649},
issn = {1365-313X},
support = {//Research Excellence Programme 2023 and 2024 of MATE/ ; OTKA-67576//Hungarian National Research Fund/National Research, Development and Innovation Office/ ; 106068/WT_/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom ; 119652//Hungarian National Research Fund/National Research, Development and Innovation Office/ ; 120122/120300//Hungarian National Research Fund/National Research, Development and Innovation Office/ ; PD-1211//Hungarian National Research Fund/National Research, Development and Innovation Office/ ; PD-132495//Hungarian National Research Fund/National Research, Development and Innovation Office/ ; 132646//Hungarian National Research Fund/National Research, Development and Innovation Office/ ; Research Grant HUN17-03//Collaborative Research Programme ICGEB/ ; },
abstract = {Legumes have evolved a nitrogen-fixing symbiotic interaction with rhizobia, and this association helps them to cope with the limited nitrogen conditions in soil. The compatible interaction between the host plant and rhizobia leads to the formation of root nodules, wherein internalization and transition of rhizobia into their symbiotic form, termed bacteroids, occur. Rhizobia in the nodules of the Inverted Repeat-Lacking Clade legumes, including Medicago truncatula, undergo terminal differentiation, resulting in elongated and endoreduplicated bacteroids. This transition of endocytosed rhizobia is mediated by a large gene family of host-produced nodule-specific cysteine-rich (NCR) peptides in M. truncatula. Few NCRs have been recently found to be essential for complete differentiation and persistence of bacteroids. Here, we show that a M. truncatula symbiotic mutant FN9285, defective in the complete transition of rhizobia, is deficient in a cluster of NCR genes. More specifically, we show that the loss of the duplicated genes NCR086 and NCR314 in the A17 genotype, found in a single copy in Medicago littoralis R108, is responsible for the ineffective symbiotic phenotype of FN9285. The NCR086 and NCR314 gene pair encodes the same mature peptide but their transcriptional activity varies considerably. Nevertheless, both genes can restore the effective symbiosis in FN9285 indicating that their complementation ability does not depend on the strength of their expression activity. The identification of the NCR086/NCR314 peptide, essential for complete bacteroid differentiation, has extended the list of peptides, from a gene family of several hundred members, that are essential for effective nitrogen-fixing symbiosis in M. truncatula.},
}
@article {pmid38923181,
year = {2024},
author = {Bogale, AT and Braun, M and Bernhardt, J and Zühlke, D and Schiefelbein, U and Bog, M and Scheidegger, C and Zengerer, V and Becher, D and Grube, M and Riedel, K and Bengtsson, MM},
title = {The microbiome of the lichen Lobaria pulmonaria varies according to climate on a subcontinental scale.},
journal = {Environmental microbiology reports},
volume = {16},
number = {3},
pages = {e13289},
doi = {10.1111/1758-2229.13289},
pmid = {38923181},
issn = {1758-2229},
support = {//Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft/ ; },
mesh = {*Lichens/microbiology/physiology ; *Microbiota ; *Climate ; Bacteria/classification/genetics/isolation &amp; purification ; Symbiosis ; Fungi/classification/genetics/isolation &amp; purification/physiology ; Seasons ; Genotype ; },
abstract = {The Lobaria pulmonaria holobiont comprises algal, fungal, cyanobacterial and bacterial components. We investigated L. pulmonaria's bacterial microbiome in the adaptation of this ecologically sensitive lichen species to diverse climatic conditions. Our central hypothesis posited that microbiome composition and functionality aligns with subcontinental-scale (a stretch of ~1100 km) climatic parameters related to temperature and precipitation. We also tested the impact of short-term weather dynamics, sampling season and algal/fungal genotypes on microbiome variation. Metaproteomics provided insights into compositional and functional changes within the microbiome. Climatic variables explained 41.64% of microbiome variation, surpassing the combined influence of local weather and sampling season at 31.63%. Notably, annual mean temperature and temperature seasonality emerged as significant climatic drivers. Microbiome composition correlated with algal, not fungal genotype, suggesting similar environmental recruitment for the algal partner and microbiome. Differential abundance analyses revealed distinct protein compositions in Sub-Atlantic Lowland and Alpine regions, indicating differential microbiome responses to contrasting environmental/climatic conditions. Proteins involved in oxidative and cellular stress were notably different. Our findings highlight microbiome plasticity in adapting to stable climates, with limited responsiveness to short-term fluctuations, offering new insights into climate adaptation in lichen symbiosis.},
}
@article {pmid38922894,
year = {2024},
author = {Belachew, KY and Skovbjerg, CK and Andersen, SU and Stoddard, FL},
title = {Phenotyping revealed tolerance traits and genotypes for acidity and aluminum toxicity in European Vicia faba L.},
journal = {Physiologia plantarum},
volume = {176},
number = {3},
pages = {e14404},
doi = {10.1111/ppl.14404},
pmid = {38922894},
issn = {1399-3054},
support = {ID-43//ProFaba project (ID-43)/ ; },
mesh = {*Vicia faba/genetics/drug effects/growth &amp; development/metabolism ; *Aluminum/toxicity ; *Genotype ; *Phenotype ; Soil/chemistry ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Plant Roots/drug effects/genetics/metabolism/growth &amp; development ; Proline/metabolism ; Adaptation, Physiological/genetics/drug effects ; Acids/metabolism ; },
abstract = {Soil acidity is a global issue; soils with pH <4.5 are widespread in Europe. This acidity adversely affects nutrient availability to plants; pH levels <5.0 lead to aluminum (Al[3+]) toxicity, a significant problem that hinders root growth and nutrient uptake in faba bean (Vicia faba L.) and its symbiotic relationship with Rhizobium. However, little is known about the specific traits and tolerant genotypes among the European faba beans. This study aimed to identify response traits associated with tolerance to root zone acidity and Al[3+] toxicity and potentially tolerant genotypes for future breeding efforts. Germplasm survey was conducted using 165 genotypes in a greenhouse aquaponics system. Data on the root and shoot systems were collected. Subsequently, 12 genotypes were selected for further phenotyping in peat medium, where data on physiological and morphological parameters were recorded along with biochemical responses in four selected genotypes. In the germplasm survey, about 30% of genotypes showed tolerance to acidity and approximately 10% exhibited tolerance to Al[3+], while 7% showed tolerance to both. The phenotyping experiment indicated diverse morphological and physiological responses among treatments and genotypes. Acid and Al[3+] increased proline concentration. Interaction between genotype and environment was observed for ascorbate peroxidase activity, malondialdehyde, and proline concentrations. Genomic markers associated with acidity and acid+Al[3+]-toxicity tolerances were identified using GWAS analysis. Four faba bean genotypes with varying levels of tolerance to acidity and Al[3+] toxicity were identified.},
}
@article {pmid38922168,
year = {2024},
author = {Mwangi, NG and Stevens, M and Wright, AJD and Edwards, SG and Hare, MC and Back, MA},
title = {Grass-Endophyte Interactions and Their Associated Alkaloids as a Potential Management Strategy for Plant Parasitic Nematodes.},
journal = {Toxins},
volume = {16},
number = {6},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/toxins16060274},
pmid = {38922168},
issn = {2072-6651},
support = {N/A//British beet research organisation, RAGT seeds, Joordens zaden, Lugden hill charity/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Alkaloids/pharmacology ; *Endophytes/metabolism ; *Poaceae/parasitology ; *Nematoda/drug effects ; Epichloe/metabolism ; Plant Diseases/parasitology/microbiology ; },
abstract = {Claviceptaceous endophytic fungi in the genus Epichloë mostly form a symbiotic relationship with cool-season grasses. Epichloë spp. are capable of producing bioactive alkaloids such as peramines, lolines, ergot alkaloids, and indole-diterpenes, which protect the host plant from herbivory by animals, insects, and nematodes. The host also benefits from enhanced tolerance to abiotic stresses, such as salt, drought, waterlogging, cold, heavy metals, and low nitrogen stress. The bioactive alkaloids produced can have both direct and indirect effects towards plant parasitic nematodes. Direct interaction with nematodes' motile stages can cause paralysis (nematostatic effect) or death (nematicidal effect). Indirectly, the metabolites may induce host immunity which inhibits feeding and subsequent nematode development. This review highlights the different mechanisms through which this interaction and the metabolites produced have been explored in the suppression of plant parasitic nematodes and also how the specific interactions between different grass genotypes and endophyte strains result in variable suppression of different nematode species. An understanding of the different grass-endophyte interactions and their successes and failures in suppressing various nematode species is essential to enable the proper selection of grass-endophyte combinations to identify the alkaloids produced, concentrations required, and determine which nematodes are sensitive to which specific alkaloids.},
}
@article {pmid38921652,
year = {2024},
author = {Kline, O and Joshi, NK},
title = {Microbial Symbiont-Based Detoxification of Different Phytotoxins and Synthetic Toxic Chemicals in Insect Pests and Pollinators.},
journal = {Journal of xenobiotics},
volume = {14},
number = {2},
pages = {753-771},
pmid = {38921652},
issn = {2039-4713},
abstract = {Insects are the most diverse form of life, and as such, they interact closely with humans, impacting our health, economy, and agriculture. Beneficial insect species contribute to pollination, biological control of pests, decomposition, and nutrient cycling. Pest species can cause damage to agricultural crops and vector diseases to humans and livestock. Insects are often exposed to toxic xenobiotics in the environment, both naturally occurring toxins like plant secondary metabolites and synthetic chemicals like herbicides, fungicides, and insecticides. Because of this, insects have evolved several mechanisms of resistance to toxic xenobiotics, including sequestration, behavioral avoidance, and enzymatic degradation, and in many cases had developed symbiotic relationships with microbes that can aid in this detoxification. As research progresses, the important roles of these microbes in insect health and function have become more apparent. Bacterial symbionts that degrade plant phytotoxins allow host insects to feed on otherwise chemically defended plants. They can also confer pesticide resistance to their hosts, especially in frequently treated agricultural fields. It is important to study these interactions between insects and the toxic chemicals they are exposed to in order to further the understanding of pest insect resistance and to mitigate the negative effect of pesticides on nontarget insect species like Hymenopteran pollinators.},
}
@article {pmid38921413,
year = {2024},
author = {Kang, Y and Twagirayezu, G and Xu, J and Wen, Y and Shang, P and Song, J and Wang, Q and Li, X and Liu, S and Chen, T and Cheng, T and Zhang, J},
title = {Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Regulate Lipid and Amino Acid Metabolic Pathways to Promote the Growth of Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf.},
journal = {Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {10},
number = {6},
pages = {},
pmid = {38921413},
issn = {2309-608X},
support = {2024YP016; 2023YM96; and 2021YT097//Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences project/ ; AA22068092-4//Guangxi Science and Technology Major projects/ ; KJ2023726B//the cooperative projects with Xiamen University/ ; },
abstract = {Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi can enhance the uptake of soil nutrients and water by citrus, promoting its growth. However, the specific mechanisms underlying the action of AM fungi in promoting the growth of citrus were not fully elucidated. This study aimed to explore the role of AM fungi Funneliformis mosseae in the regulatory mechanisms of P. trifoliata growth. Pot experiments combined with non-targeted metabolomics methods were used to observe the growth process and changes in metabolic products of P. trifoliata under the conditions of F. mosseae inoculation. The results showed that F. mosseae could form an excellent symbiotic relationship with P. trifoliata, thereby enhancing the utilization of soil nutrients and significantly promoting its growth. Compared with the control, the plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, and aboveground and underground dry weight in the F. mosseae inoculation significantly increased by 2.57, 1.29, 1.57, 4.25, and 2.78 times, respectively. Moreover, the root system results confirmed that F. mosseae could substantially promote the growth of P. trifoliata. Meanwhile, the metabolomics data indicated that 361 differential metabolites and 56 metabolic pathways were identified in the roots of P. trifoliata and were inoculated with F. mosseae. This study revealed that the inoculated F. mosseae could participate in ABC transporters by upregulating their participation, glycerophospholipid metabolism, aminoacyl tRNA biosynthesis, tryptophan metabolism and metabolites from five metabolic pathways of benzoxazinoid biosynthesis [mainly enriched in lipid (39.50%) and amino acid-related metabolic pathways] to promote the growth of P. trifoliata.},
}
@article {pmid38921389,
year = {2024},
author = {Jiang, Y and Mo, XY and Liu, LT and Lai, GZ and Qiu, GW},
title = {Changes in the Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal Community in the Roots of Eucalyptus grandis Plantations at Different Ages in Southern Jiangxi, China.},
journal = {Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {10},
number = {6},
pages = {},
pmid = {38921389},
issn = {2309-608X},
support = {2016YFD0600505//the National Key R&amp;D Program of China "Technology for efficient and sustainable management of Eucalypts"/ ; 2017511201//the Major Project of Jiangxi Academy of Forestry "Key technology for quality improvement of low-efficiency broad-leaved forests"/ ; },
abstract = {Eucalyptus roots form symbiotic relationships with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi in soil to enhance adaptation in challenging environments. However, the evolution of the AM fungal community along a chronosequence of eucalypt plantations and its relationship with soil properties remain unclear. In this study, we evaluated the tree growth, soil properties, and root AM fungal colonization of Eucalyptus grandis W. Hill ex Maiden plantations at different ages, identified the AM fungal community composition by high-throughput sequencing, and developed a structural equation model among trees, soil, and AM fungi. Key findings include the following: (1) The total phosphorus (P) and total potassium (K) in the soil underwent an initial reduction followed by a rise with different stand ages. (2) The rate of AM colonization decreased first and then increased. (3) The composition of the AM fungal community changed significantly with different stand ages, but there was no significant change in diversity. (4) Paraglomus and Glomus were the dominant genera, accounting for 70.1% and 21.8% of the relative abundance, respectively. (5) The dominant genera were mainly influenced by soil P, the N content, and bulk density, but the main factors were different with stand ages. The results can provide a reference for fertilizer management and microbial formulation manufacture for eucalyptus plantations.},
}
@article {pmid38921370,
year = {2024},
author = {Simpson, WR and Tsujimoto, H and Hume, DE and Johnson, RD},
title = {Alien Chromatin from Hordeeae Grasses Enhances the Compatibility of Epichloë Endophyte Symbiosis with the Hexaploid Wheat Triticum aestivum.},
journal = {Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {10},
number = {6},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/jof10060384},
pmid = {38921370},
issn = {2309-608X},
support = {C10X0815//Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment/ ; GTL1709-001RTX//Grains Research and Development Corporation/ ; PN23098//Grasslanz Technology Limited/ ; N/A//Foundation for Arable Research, New Zealand/ ; },
abstract = {The inoculation of Epichloë endophytes into modern cereals, resulting in systemic infection, depends on the genetics of both the host and the endophyte strain deployed. Until very recently, the only modern cereal to have been infected with Epichloë, in which normal phenotype seed-transmitted associations were achieved, is rye (Secale cereale). Whilst minor in-roads have been achieved in infecting hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum), the phenotypes of these associations have all been extremely poor, including host death and stunting. To identify host genetic factors that may impact the compatibility of Epichloë infection in wheat, wheat-alien chromosome addition/substitution lines were inoculated with Epichloë, and the phenotypes of infected plants were assessed. Symbioses were identified whereby infected wheat plants were phenotypically like uninfected controls. These plants completed their full lifecycle, including the vertical transmission of Epichloë into the next generation of grain, and represent the first ever compatible wheat-Epichloë associations to be created.},
}
@article {pmid38921125,
year = {2024},
author = {Chacón-Fuentes, M and Martínez-Cisterna, D and Vera, W and Ortega-Klose, F and Reyes, C and Matamala, I and Quiroz, A and Bardehle, L},
title = {Feeding Performance of Argentine Stem Weevil Is Reduced by Peramine from Perennial Ryegrass Infected with Endophyte Fungus.},
journal = {Insects},
volume = {15},
number = {6},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/insects15060410},
pmid = {38921125},
issn = {2075-4450},
abstract = {One of the primary supports for extensive agriculture is pasture, which can suffer severe damage from insects including the Argentine stem weevil, Listronotus bonariensis. The main control method has been the infection of ryegrass with an endophyte fungus, forming a symbiotic association that produces alkaloids. In this study, we evaluated the impact of endophyte and peramine production on the weight of L. bonariensis across seven unnamed lines (LE161-LE167), and two Lolium perenne cultivars: Jumbo and Alto AR1. L. bonariensis adults fed on leaves from LE164, LE166, and ALTO AR1 showed weight losses of 13.3%, 17.1% and 18.2%, respectively. Similarly, the corresponding alkaloidal extract from LE164, LE166, and ALTO AR1 exhibited an antifeedant effect on L. bonariensis adults in laboratory assays, as observed through weight loss or low weight gain (-12.5%, 8.8% and 4.9%, respectively). Furthermore, one alkaloid, peramine, also elicited an antifeedant effect when incorporated into an artificial diet. Liquid chromatographic analysis of the alkaloid extract revealed that peramine was present in LE164, LE166 and ALTO AR1 in amounts ranging from 46.5-184.2 ng/g. Peramine was not detected in Jumbo and the remaining experimental lines. These data suggest that L. bonariensis were susceptible to peramine produced from endophyte infection in experimental lines LE164 and LE166, as well as ALTO AR1, affecting their feeding behavior.},
}
@article {pmid38921052,
year = {2024},
author = {Čakić Semenčić, M and Biedrzycka, A and Kiczor, A and Beluhan, S and Šupljika, F},
title = {Spectrofluorimetric Analysis of Riboflavin Content during Kombucha Fermentation.},
journal = {Biotech (Basel (Switzerland))},
volume = {13},
number = {2},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/biotech13020020},
pmid = {38921052},
issn = {2673-6284},
support = {2020//University of Zagreb/ ; },
abstract = {Kombucha is a traditional beverage obtained by the microbial fermentation of tea using a symbiotic culture of bacteria and yeasts. In addition to several documented functional properties, such as anti-inflammatory activity and antioxidant activity, kombucha is often credited with high levels of vitamins, including riboflavin. To our knowledge, the vitamin B2 content in traditionally prepared kombucha has been determined in only two studies, in which the concentration measured by the HPLC technique ranged from 2.2 × 10[-7] to 2.1 × 10[-4] mol dm[-3]. These unexplained differences of three orders of magnitude in the vitamin B2 content prompted us to determine its concentration during the cultivation of kombucha under very similar conditions by spectrofluorimetry. The B2 concentrations during the 10-day fermentation of black tea ranged from 7.6 × 10[-8] to 3.3 × 10[-7] mol dm[-3].},
}
@article {pmid38919718,
year = {2024},
author = {Gerardi, D and Bernardi, S and Bruni, A and Falisi, G and Botticelli, G},
title = {Characterization and morphological methods for oral biofilm visualization: where are we nowadays?.},
journal = {AIMS microbiology},
volume = {10},
number = {2},
pages = {391-414},
pmid = {38919718},
issn = {2471-1888},
abstract = {The oral microbiome represents an essential component of the oral ecosystem whose symbiotic relationship contributes to health maintenance. The biofilm represents a state of living of microorganisms surrounding themselves with a complex and tridimensional organized polymeric support and defense matrix. The substrates where the oral biofilm adhere can suffer from damages due to the microbial community metabolisms. Therefore, microbial biofilm represents the main etiological factor of the two pathologies of dental interest with the highest incidence, such as carious pathology and periodontal pathology. The study, analysis, and understanding of the characteristics of the biofilm, starting from the macroscopic structure up to the microscopic architecture, appear essential. This review examined the morphological methods used through the years to identify species, adhesion mechanisms that contribute to biofilm formation and stability, and how the action of microbicidal molecules is effective against pathological biofilm. Microscopy is the primary technique for the morphological characterization of biofilm. Light microscopy, which includes the stereomicroscope and confocal laser microscopy (CLSM), allows the visualization of microbial communities in their natural state, providing valuable information on the spatial arrangement of different microorganisms within the biofilm and revealing microbial diversity in the biofilm matrix. The stereomicroscope provides a three-dimensional view of the sample, allowing detailed observation of the structure, thickness, morphology, and distribution of the various species in the biofilm while CLSM provides information on its three-dimensional architecture, microbial composition, and dynamic development. Electron microscopy, scanning (SEM) or transmission (TEM), allows the high-resolution investigation of the architecture of the biofilm, analyzing the bacterial population, the extracellular polymeric matrix (EPS), and the mechanisms of the physical and chemical forces that contribute to the adhesion of the biofilm to the substrates, on a nanometric scale. More advanced microscopic methodologies, such as scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), and correlative microscopy, have enabled the evaluation of antibacterial treatments, due to the potential to reveal the efficacy of different molecules in breaking down the biofilm. In conclusion, evidence based on scientific literature shows that established microscopic methods represent the most common tools used to characterize biofilm and its morphology in oral microbiology. Further protocols and studies on the application of advanced microscopic techniques are needed to obtain precise details on the microbiological and pathological aspects of oral biofilm.},
}
@article {pmid38918805,
year = {2024},
author = {Huang, H and Liu, X and Lang, Y and Cui, J and Zhong, D and Zhou, M},
title = {Breaking barriers: bacterial-microalgae symbiotic systems as a probiotic delivery system.},
journal = {Journal of nanobiotechnology},
volume = {22},
number = {1},
pages = {371},
pmid = {38918805},
issn = {1477-3155},
support = {81971667//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 81971667//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; },
mesh = {*Probiotics ; *Symbiosis ; *Escherichia coli ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; Animals ; *Spirulina ; *Microalgae ; Mice ; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/microbiology/therapy ; Humans ; Colitis ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Male ; Drug Delivery Systems/methods ; },
abstract = {The gut microbiota is one of the essential contributors of the pathogenesis and progress of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Compared with first-line drug therapy, probiotic supplementation has emerged as a viable and secure therapeutic approach for managing IBD through the regulation of both the immune system and gut microbiota. Nevertheless, the efficacy of oral probiotic supplements is hindered by their susceptibility to the gastrointestinal barrier, leading to diminished bioavailability and restricted intestinal colonization. Here, we developed a bacteria-microalgae symbiosis system (EcN-SP) for targeted intestinal delivery of probiotics and highly effective treatment of colitis. The utilization of mircroalge Spirulina platensis (SP) as a natural carrier for the probiotic Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (EcN) demonstrated potential benefits in promoting EcN proliferation, facilitating effective intestinal delivery and colonization. The alterations in the binding affinity of EcN-SP within the gastrointestinal environment, coupled with the distinctive structural properties of the SP carrier, served to overcome gastrointestinal barriers, minimizing transgastric EcN loss and enabling sustained intestinal retention and colonization. The oral administration of EcN-SP could effectively treat IBD by reducing the expression of intestinal inflammatory factors, maintaining the intestinal barrier and regulating the balance of gut microbiota. This probiotic delivery approach is inspired by symbiotic interactions found in nature and offers advantages in terms of feasibility, safety, and efficacy, thus holding significant promise for the management of gastrointestinal disorders.},
}
@article {pmid38917677,
year = {2024},
author = {Lima, &#xcd;A and do Carmo, LR and Andrade, BF and de Oliveira, TLC and Piccoli, RH and Ramos, ALS and Ramos, EM},
title = {Technological and sensory characteristics in development of innovative symbiotic boneless dry-cured lamb meat snack.},
journal = {Meat science},
volume = {216},
number = {},
pages = {109578},
doi = {10.1016/j.meatsci.2024.109578},
pmid = {38917677},
issn = {1873-4138},
abstract = {Novel shelf-stable and high-protein meat products that are affordable, convenient, and healthy are hot topic in current food innovation trends. To offer technological databases for developing new functional lamb meat products, this study aimed to evaluate the technological and sensory aspects of dry-cured lamb meat snacks incorporated with the probiotic culture Lactobacillus paracasei and the prebiotic lactulose. Four formulations were analyzed: control (without prebiotic or probiotic); PREB (with 2% lactulose); PROB (with 10[7] CFU/g of L. paracasei); and SYMB (with 2% lactulose and 10[7] CFU/g of L. paracasei). Fitted curves revealed that weight-loss behavior during snack ripening was not affected (P > 0.05) by treatments. Snack moisture, water activity, pH, titratable acidity, lipid oxidation, and residual nitrite were affected (P < 0.05) only by ripening time. The target probiotic strain stood out against competitive flora and was detected at 10[7] CFU/g in the snack-supplemented formulations (PROB and SYMB). In snacks supplemented with prebiotics (PREB and SYMB), the lactulose content was maintained at 2.17%. Significant differences were not observed in the chemical composition, texture profiles, and CIE color indices between the proposed functional snacks and the control. In addition to texture, flavor, and overall impression evaluation, only color attributes were positively impacted (P < 0.05) in the acceptance and multiple comparison tests against the control. The proposed formulation and bench process parameters produced potential nutritionally and sensory-appreciated, microbiologically stable, and safe (multi-hurdle perspective) functional high-protein restructured lamb snacks.},
}
@article {pmid38917659,
year = {2024},
author = {Pennati, R and Cartelli, N and Castelletti, C and Ficetola, GF and Bailly, X and Mercurio, S},
title = {Bisphenol A affects the development and the onset of photosymbiosis in the acoel Symsagittiferaroscoffensis.},
journal = {Marine environmental research},
volume = {199},
number = {},
pages = {106617},
doi = {10.1016/j.marenvres.2024.106617},
pmid = {38917659},
issn = {1879-0291},
abstract = {Photosymbiosis indicates a long-term association between animals and photosynthetic organisms. It has been mainly investigated in photosymbiotic cnidarians, while other photosymbiotic associations have been largely neglected. The acoel Symsagittifera roscoffensis lives in obligatory symbiosis with the microalgal Tetraselmis convolutae and has recently emerged as alternative model to study photosymbiosis. Here, we investigated the effects of Bisphenol A, a common plastic additive, on two pivotal stages of its lifecycle: aposymbiotic juvenile development and photosymbiogenesis. Based on our results, this pollutant altered the development of the worms and their capacity to engulf algae from the environment at concentrations higher than the levels detected in seawater, yet aligning with those documented in sediments of populated areas. Data provide novel information about the effects of pollutants on photosymbiotic associations and prompt the necessity to monitor their concentrations in marine environmental matrices.},
}
@article {pmid38917377,
year = {2024},
author = {Sun, Y and Cao, X and Yuan, H and Sun, W and Yuan, X and Ding, F and Chen, M},
title = {Symbiotic Electromagnetic Shadow for Regional Invisibility and Camouflage.},
journal = {ACS applied materials &amp; interfaces},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1021/acsami.4c03562},
pmid = {38917377},
issn = {1944-8252},
abstract = {Low detectability and camouflage skills in the electromagnetic wave and light frequency range provide survival advantages for natural creatures and are essential for understanding the operational principles of the biosphere. Taking inspiration from natural mutualistic symbiosis, this paper proposes a symbiotic electromagnetic shadow camouflage mechanism based on a superdispersive surface, aiming to investigate its impact on the observability of specific objects. The design and experimental results indicate that the symbiotic shadow dihedral can significantly reduce overall scattering quantity, which reaches at least 10 dB shrink in the 12-18 GHz frequency range compared to the contrast object. Unlike known camouflage methods, the electromagnetic shadow technology shrinks the overall scattering without any coating and shield metal target while probably offering extensive functional design freedom for the concealed object, creature, or equipment. This also provides a hint to explore symbiosis-related camouflage phenomena in nature.},
}
@article {pmid38916293,
year = {2024},
author = {Lam, YC and Hamchand, R and Mucci, NC and Kauffman, SJ and Dudkina, N and Reagle, EV and Casanova-Torres, &#xc1;M and DeCuyper, J and Chen, H and Song, D and Thomas, MG and Palm, NW and Goodrich-Blair, H and Crawford, JM},
title = {The Xenorhabdus nematophila LrhA transcriptional regulator modulates production of γ-keto-N-acyl amides with inhibitory activity against mutualistic host nematode egg hatching.},
journal = {Applied and environmental microbiology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e0052824},
doi = {10.1128/aem.00528-24},
pmid = {38916293},
issn = {1098-5336},
abstract = {UNLABELLED: Xenorhabdus nematophila is a symbiotic Gammaproteobacterium that produces diverse natural products that facilitate mutualistic and pathogenic interactions in their nematode and insect hosts, respectively. The interplay between X. nematophila secondary metabolism and symbiosis stage is tuned by various global regulators. An example of such a regulator is the LysR-type protein transcription factor LrhA, which regulates amino acid metabolism and is necessary for virulence in insects and normal nematode progeny production. Here, we utilized comparative metabolomics and molecular networking to identify small molecule factors regulated by LrhA and characterized a rare γ-ketoacid (GKA) and two new N-acyl amides, GKA-Arg (1) and GKA-Pro (2) which harbor a γ-keto acyl appendage. A lrhA null mutant produced elevated levels of compound 1 and reduced levels of compound 2 relative to wild type. N-acyl amides 1 and 2 were shown to be selective agonists for the human G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) C3AR1 and CHRM2, respectively. The CHRM2 agonist 2 deleteriously affected the hatch rate and length of Steinernema nematodes. This work further highlights the utility of exploiting regulators of host-bacteria interactions for the identification of the bioactive small molecule signals that they control.<br><br>IMPORTANCE: Xenorhabdus bacteria are of interest due to their symbiotic relationship with Steinernema nematodes and their ability to produce a variety of natural bioactive compounds. Despite their importance, the regulatory hierarchy connecting specific natural products and their regulators is poorly understood. In this study, comparative metabolomic profiling was utilized to identify the secondary metabolites modulated by the X. nematophila global regulator LrhA. This analysis led to the discovery of three metabolites, including an N-acyl amide that inhibited the egg hatching rate and length of Steinernema carpocapsae nematodes. These findings support the notion that X. nematophila LrhA influences the symbiosis between X. nematophila and S. carpocapsae through N-acyl amide signaling. A deeper understanding of the regulatory hierarchy of these natural products could contribute to a better comprehension of the symbiotic relationship between X. nematophila and S. carpocapsae.},
}
@article {pmid38916255,
year = {2024},
author = {Shi, H and Lipka, U and Polle, A},
title = {Different ectomycorrhizal fungal species impact poplar growth but not phosphorus utilization under low P supply.},
journal = {Tree physiology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/treephys/tpae074},
pmid = {38916255},
issn = {1758-4469},
abstract = {Tree growth is often limited by phosphorus (P) availability. The trade-off between P homeostasis and growth is unknown. Ectomycorrhizal (EM) fungi facilitate P availability but this trait varies among different fungal species and isolates. Here, we tested the hypotheses that (i) colonization with EMF boosts plant growth under P-limited conditions and that (ii) the poplars show P homeostasis because increased P uptake is used for growth and not for P accumulation in the tissues. We used two P treatments (HP: 64 μM Pi, LP: 0.64 μM Pi in the nutrient solution) and four fungal treatments (Paxillus involutus MAJ, Paxillus involutus NAU, Laccaria bicolor dikaryon LBD, Laccaria bicolor monokaryon LBM) in addition to non-inoculated poplar plants (NI) to measure growth, biomass, gas exchange and P contents. HP stimulated growth compared with LP conditions. Poplars colonized with MAJ, NAU and NI showed higher growth and biomass production than those with LBD or LBM. Photosynthesis rates of poplars with lower biomass production were similar to or higher than those of plants with higher growth rates. The tissue concentrations of P were higher under HP than LP conditions and rarely affected by ectomycorrhizal colonization. Under LP, the plants produced 44% greater biomass per unit of P than under HP. At a given P supply, the tissue concentration was stable irrespective of the growth rate indicating P homeostasis. L. bicolor caused growth inhibition, irrespective the P availabilities. These results suggest that in young poplars distinct species-specific ectomycorrhizal traits overshadowed potential growth benefits.},
}
@article {pmid38913190,
year = {2024},
author = {Aso, RE and Obuekwe, IS},
title = {Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon: underpinning the contribution of specialist microbial species to contaminant mitigation in the soil.},
journal = {Environmental monitoring and assessment},
volume = {196},
number = {7},
pages = {654},
pmid = {38913190},
issn = {1573-2959},
mesh = {*Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons/metabolism/analysis ; *Soil Pollutants/metabolism ; *Biodegradation, Environmental ; *Soil Microbiology ; *Bacteria/metabolism ; Environmental Restoration and Remediation/methods ; Fungi/metabolism ; Soil/chemistry ; },
abstract = {The persistence of PAHs poses a significant challenge for conventional remediation approaches, necessitating the exploration of alternative, sustainable strategies for their mitigation. This review underscores the vital role of specialized microbial species (nitrogen-fixing, phosphate-solubilizing, and biosurfactant-producing bacteria) in tackling the environmental impact of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). These resistant compounds demand innovative remediation strategies. The study explores microbial metabolic capabilities for converting complex PAHs into less harmful byproducts, ensuring sustainable mitigation. Synthesizing literature from 2016 to 2023, it covers PAH characteristics, sources, and associated risks. Degradation mechanisms by bacteria and fungi, key species, and enzymatic processes are examined. Nitrogen-fixing and phosphate-solubilizing bacteria contributions in symbiotic relationships with plants are highlighted. Biosurfactant-producing bacteria enhance PAH solubility, expanding microbial accessibility for degradation. Cutting-edge trends in omics technologies, synthetic biology, genetic engineering, and nano-remediation offer promising avenues. Recommendations emphasize genetic regulation, field-scale studies, sustainability assessments, interdisciplinary collaboration, and knowledge dissemination. These insights pave the way for innovative, sustainable PAH-contaminated environment restoration.},
}
@article {pmid38912975,
year = {2024},
author = {Zahn, FE and Jiang, H and Lee, YI and Gebauer, G},
title = {Mode of carbon gain and fungal associations of Neuwiedia malipoensis within the evolutionary early diverging orchid subfamily Apostasioideae.},
journal = {Annals of botany},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/aob/mcae097},
pmid = {38912975},
issn = {1095-8290},
abstract = {BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The earliest diverging orchid lineage Apostasioideae consists only of two genera: Apostasia and Neuwiedia. Previous report of Apostasia nipponica indicated a symbiotic association with an ectomycorrhiza-forming Ceratobasidiaceae clade and partial utilization of fungal carbon during the adult stage. However, the trophic strategy of Neuwiedia throughout its development remains unidentified. To further improve our understanding of mycoheterotrophy in the Apostasioideae, this study focused on Neuwiedia malipoensis examining both the mycorrhizal association and the physiological ecology of this orchid species across various development stages.<br><br>METHODS: We identified the major mycorrhizal fungi of N. malipoensis protocorm, leafy seedling and adult stages using molecular barcoding. To reveal nutritional resources utilized by N. malipoensis, we compared stable isotope natural abundance (&#x3b4;13C, &#x3b4;15N, &#x3b4;2H, &#x3b4;18O) of different developmental stages to autotrophic reference plants.<br><br>KEY RESULTS: Protocorms exhibited an association with saprotrophic Ceratobasidiaceae rather than ectomycorrhiza-forming Ceratobasidiaceae and 13C signature was characteristic of their fully mycoheterotrophic nutrition.Seedlings and adults predominantly associated with saprotrophic fungi belonging to the Tulasnellaceae. While 13C and 2H stable isotope data revealed partial mycoheterotrophy of seedlings, it is unclear to what extent the fungal carbon supply is reduced in adult N. malipoensis. However, the 15N enrichment of mature N. malipoensis suggests partially mycoheterotrophic nutrition.Our data indicated a transition in mycorrhizal partners during ontogenetic development with decreasing dependency of N. malipoensis on fungal nitrogen and carbon.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: The divergence in mycorrhizal partners between N. malipoensis and A. nipponica indicates different resource acquisition strategies and allows for various habitat options in the earliest diverging orchid lineage Apostasioideae. While A. nipponica relies on the heterotrophic C gain from its ectomycorrhizal fungal partner and thus on forest habitats, N. malipoensis rather relies on own photosynthetic C gain as adult allowing it to establish in habitats as widely distributed as those where Rhizoctonia fungi occur.},
}
@article {pmid38912817,
year = {2024},
author = {Almeida, GMdF and Ravantti, J and Grdzelishvili, N and Kakabadze, E and Bakuradze, N and Javakhishvili, E and Megremis, S and Chanishvili, N and Papadopoulos, N and Sundberg, L-R},
title = {Relevance of the bacteriophage adherence to mucus model for Pseudomonas aeruginosa phages.},
journal = {Microbiology spectrum},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e0352023},
doi = {10.1128/spectrum.03520-23},
pmid = {38912817},
issn = {2165-0497},
abstract = {Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections are getting increasingly serious as antimicrobial resistance spreads. Phage therapy may be a solution to the problem, especially if improved by current advances on phage-host studies. As a mucosal pathogen, we hypothesize that P. aeruginosa and its phages are linked to the bacteriophage adherence to mucus (BAM) model. This means that phage-host interactions could be influenced by mucin presence, impacting the success of phage infections on the P. aeruginosa host and consequently leading to the protection of the metazoan host. By using a group of four different phages, we tested three important phenotypes associated with the BAM model: phage binding to mucin, phage growth in mucin-exposed hosts, and the influence of mucin on CRISPR immunity of the bacterium. Three of the tested phages significantly bound to mucin, while two had improved growth rates in mucin-exposed hosts. Improved phage growth was likely the result of phage exploitation of mucin-induced physiological changes in the host. We could not detect CRISPR activity in our system but identified two putative anti-CRISPR proteins coded by the phage. Overall, the differential responses seen for the phages tested show that the same bacterial species can be targeted by mucosal-associated phages or by phages not affected by mucus presence. In conclusion, the BAM model is relevant for phage-bacterium interactions in P. aeruginosa, opening new possibilities to improve phage therapy against this important pathogen by considering mucosal interaction dynamics.IMPORTANCESome bacteriophages are involved in a symbiotic relationship with animals, in which phages held in mucosal surfaces protect them from invading bacteria. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the many bacterial pathogens threatening humankind during the current antimicrobial resistance crisis. Here, we have tested whether P. aeruginosa and its phages are affected by mucosal conditions. We discovered by using a collection of four phages that, indeed, mucosal interaction dynamics can be seen in this model. Three of the tested phages significantly bound to mucin, while two had improved growth rates in mucin-exposed hosts. These results link P. aeruginosa and its phages to the bacteriophage adherence to the mucus model and open opportunities to explore this to improve phage therapy, be it by exploiting the phenotypes detected or by actively selecting mucosal-adapted phages for treatment.},
}
@article {pmid38909760,
year = {2024},
author = {Riet-Correa, F and Cook, D and Micheloud, JF and Machado, M and Mendonça, FS and Schild, AL and Lemos, RA},
title = {A review on mycotoxins and mycotoxicoses in ruminants and Equidae in South America.},
journal = {Toxicon : official journal of the International Society on Toxinology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {107827},
doi = {10.1016/j.toxicon.2024.107827},
pmid = {38909760},
issn = {1879-3150},
abstract = {Of the mycotoxicoses caused by molds contaminating grains or their byproducts, leukoencephalomalacia of horses and less frequently aflatoxicosis in cattle have been reported in South America. However, the most important group of mycotoxins in the region are those caused by fungi that infect forages and other types of plants and have regional distribution. In this group, ergotism is important, both caused by Claviceps purpurea infecting grains or by Epichloë coenophiala infecting Schedonorus arundinaceus. Other important mycotoxicoses are those caused by indole-diterpenes produced by Clavicipitaceous fungi including Claviceps paspali in Paspalum spp., Claviceps cynodontes in Cynodon dactylon, and by Periglandula a seed transmitted symbiont associated with the tremorgenic plant Ipomoea asarifolia. The latter is an important poisoning in the northeastern and northern Brazil. Other important mycotoxicoses are those caused by swainsonine containing plants. It was demonstrated that swainsonine contained in Ipomoea carnea var. fistulosa is produced by an epibiotic fungus of the order Chaetothyriales whose mycelia develop on the adaxial surface of the leaves. Swainsonine is also produced by the symbiotic, endobiotic fungi Alternaria section Undifilum spp., which is associated with Astragalus spp. in the Argentinian Patagonia causing poisoning. Another form of mycotoxicosis occurs in poisoning by Baccharis spp., mainly B. coridifolia, a very important toxic plant in South America that contains macrocyclic trichothecenes probably produced by an endophytic fungus that has not yet been identified. Pithomycotoxicosis caused by Pithomyces chartarum used to be an important mycotoxicosis in the region, mainly in cattle grazing improved pastures of legumes and grasses. Slaframine poisoning, diplodiosis and poisoning by barley contaminated by Aspergillus clavatus has been rarely diagnosed in Brazil, Uruguay and Argentina.},
}
@article {pmid38909468,
year = {2024},
author = {Cheng, S and Keang, K and Cross, JS},
title = {Evidence that microplastics at environmentally relevant concentration and size interfere with energy metabolism of microalgal community.},
journal = {Journal of hazardous materials},
volume = {476},
number = {},
pages = {134995},
doi = {10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134995},
pmid = {38909468},
issn = {1873-3336},
abstract = {To address two current issues in evaluating the toxicity of microplastics (MPs) namely, conflicting results due to species specificity and the ecological irrelevance of laboratory data, this study conducted a 10-day exposure experiment using a microalgal community comprising three symbiotic species. The experiment involved virgin and Benzo[a]pyrene-spiked micron-scale fibers and fragments made of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polypropylene (PP). The results showed that, from a physiological perspective, environmentally relevant concentrations of micron-scale MPs decreased saccharide accumulation in microalgal cells, as confirmed by ultrastructural observations. MPs may increase cellular energy consumption by obstructing cellular motility, interfering with nutrient uptake, and causing sustained oxidative stress. Additionally, MPs and adsorbed B[a]P induced DNA damage in microalgae, potentially further disrupting cellular energy metabolism. Ecologically, MPs altered the species abundance in microalgal communities, suggesting they could weaken the ecological functions of these communities as producers and affect ecosystem diversity and stability. This study marks a significant advancement from traditional single-species toxicity experiments to community-level assessments, providing essential insights for ecological risk assessment of microplastics and guiding future mechanistic studies utilizing multi-omics analysis.},
}
@article {pmid38908903,
year = {2024},
author = {Álvarez-Herms, J and Odriozola, A},
title = {Microbiome and physical activity.},
journal = {Advances in genetics},
volume = {111},
number = {},
pages = {409-450},
doi = {10.1016/bs.adgen.2024.01.002},
pmid = {38908903},
issn = {0065-2660},
mesh = {Humans ; *Exercise/physiology ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; Microbiota ; Circadian Rhythm/physiology ; },
abstract = {Regular physical activity promotes health benefits and contributes to develop the individual biological potential. Chronical physical activity performed at moderate and high-intensity is the intensity more favorable to produce health development in athletes and improve the gut microbiota balance. The athletic microbiome is characterized by increased microbial diversity and abundance as well as greater phenotypic versatility. In addition, physical activity and microbiota composition have bidirectional effects, with regular physical activity improving microbial composition and microbial composition enhancing physical performance. The improvement of physical performance by a healthy microbiota is related to different phenotypes: i) efficient metabolic development, ii) improved regulation of intestinal permeability, iii) favourable modulation of local and systemic inflammatory and efficient immune responses, iv) efective regulation of systemic pH and, v) protection against acute stressful events such as environmental exposure to altitude or heat. The type of sport, both intensity or volume characteristics promote microbiota specialisation. Individual assessment of the state of the gut microbiota can be an effective biomarker for monitoring health in the medium to long term. The relationship between the microbiota and the rest of the body is bidirectional and symbiotic, with a full connection between the systemic functions of the nervous, musculoskeletal, endocrine, metabolic, acid-base and immune systems. In addition, circadian rhythms, including regular physical activity, directly influence the adaptive response of the microbiota. In conclusion, regular stimuli of moderate- and high-intensity physical activity promote greater diversity, abundance, resilience and versatility of the gut microbiota. This effect is highly beneficial for human health when healthy lifestyle habits including nutrition, hydration, rest, chronoregulation and physical activity.},
}
@article {pmid38908316,
year = {2024},
author = {Cheng, X and Wei, Z and Cao, W and Feng, Q and Liu, J and Wu, Y and Feng, L and Wang, D and Luo, J},
title = {Untangling the interplay of dissolved organic matters variation with microbial symbiotic network in sludge anaerobic fermentation triggered by various pretreatments.},
journal = {Water research},
volume = {260},
number = {},
pages = {121930},
doi = {10.1016/j.watres.2024.121930},
pmid = {38908316},
issn = {1879-2448},
abstract = {Various pretreatments are commonly adopted to facilitate dissolved organic matter (DOM) release from waste activated sludge (WAS) for high-valued volatile fatty acids (VFAs) promotion, while the interplay impact of DOM dynamics transformation on microbial population and metabolic function traits is poorly understood. This work constructed "DOM-microorganisms-metabolism-VFAs" symbiotic ecologic networks to disclose how DOM dynamics variation intricately interacts with bacterial community networks, assembly processes, and microbial traits during WAS fermentation. The distribution of DOM was altered by different pretreatments, triggering the release of easily biodegradable compounds (O/C ratio > 0.3) and protein-like substance. This alteration greatly improved the substrates biodegradability (higher biological index) and upregulated microbial metabolism capacity (e.g., hydrolysis and fatty acid synthesis). In turn, microbial activity modifications augment substance metabolism level and expedite the conversion of highly reactive compounds (proteins-like DOM) to VFAs, leading to 1.6-4.2 fold rise in VFAs generation. Strong correlations were found between proteins-like DOM and topological properties of DOM-bacteria associations, suggesting that high DOM availability leads to more intricate ecological networks. A change in the way communities assemble, shifting from stronger uniform selection in pH10 and USp reactors to increased randomness in heat reactor, was linked to DOM composition alterations. The ecologic networks further revealed metabolic synergy between hydrolytic-acidogenic bacteria (e.g., Bacteroidota and Firmicutes) and biodegradable DOM (e.g., proteins and amino sugars) leading to higher VFAs generation. This study provides a deeper knowledge of the inherent connections between DOM and microbial traits for efficient VFAs biosynthesis during WAS anaerobic fermentation, offering valuable insights for effective WAS pretreatment strategies.},
}
@article {pmid38907853,
year = {2024},
author = {Yahyaee, Z and Shahpari, M and Mousavi Ghahfarrokhi, SS and Shakoori, M and Hashemi, S and Sepahi, AA and Faramarzi, MA and Amin, M},
title = {Cloning and expression of recombinant arazyme with anti-inflammatory and anti-breast cancer potential.},
journal = {Archives of microbiology},
volume = {206},
number = {7},
pages = {319},
pmid = {38907853},
issn = {1432-072X},
mesh = {Humans ; Animals ; Female ; *Cloning, Molecular ; *Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacology ; Mice ; *Recombinant Proteins/genetics/metabolism/pharmacology ; MCF-7 Cells ; *Breast Neoplasms/genetics ; *Escherichia coli/genetics/metabolism ; *Serratia/genetics/enzymology ; Metalloproteases/genetics/metabolism/isolation &amp; purification ; Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology ; Bacterial Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; },
abstract = {Arazyme is an extracellular metalloprotease which is secreted by a Gram-negative symbiotic bacterium called Serratia proteomaculans. There are limited studies on various biological activities of arazyme. This preliminary study was designed to investigate the anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory capacities of recombinant arazyme (rAra) in vitro and in vivo. Arazyme gene, araA was cloned and expressed in E. coli BL21 (DE3) using pET-28a as a vector. Nickel column purification was used to obtain pure rAra. SDS-PAGE and protein assay were used to identify the product and to measure protein content, respectively. Skimmed milk test and casein assay were carried out to assess protease activity. MCF7 cells as a breast cancer cell model were exposed to different concentrations of rAra to study anti-breast cancer potentials using MTT assay. The anti-inflammatory property of rAra was investigated using a murine air-pouch model. PCR and SDS-PAGE data showed that cloning and expression of rAra was successful and the enzyme of interest was observed at 52 KDa. Protein assay indicated that 1 mg/ml of rAra was obtained through purification. A clear zone around the enzyme on skimmed milk agar confirmed the proteolytic activity of rAra and the enzymatic activity was 320 U/mg protein in the casein assay. Cytotoxic effects of rAra reported as IC50 were 16.2 µg/ml and 13.2 mg/ml after 24 h and 48 h, respectively. In the air-pouch model, both the neutrophil count and myeloperoxidase activity, which are measures of inflammation, were significantly reduced. The results showed that rAra can be used in future mechanistic studies and R&amp;D activities in the pharmaceutical industry to investigate the safety and efficacy of the recombinant arazyme.},
}
@article {pmid38906891,
year = {2024},
author = {Zheng, J and Freschet, GT and Tedersoo, L and Li, S and Yan, H and Jiang, L and Wang, H and Ma, N and Dai, X and Fu, X and Kou, L},
title = {A trait-based root acquisition-defence-decomposition framework in angiosperm tree species.},
journal = {Nature communications},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {5311},
pmid = {38906891},
issn = {2041-1723},
support = {32222059//National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China)/ ; 32330071//National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China)/ ; 41830646//National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China)/ ; },
mesh = {*Plant Roots/microbiology/metabolism ; *Mycorrhizae/physiology ; *Symbiosis ; *Trees/microbiology/metabolism ; *Magnoliopsida/microbiology/metabolism ; },
abstract = {To adapt to the complex belowground environment, plants make trade-offs between root resource acquisition and defence ability. This includes forming partnerships with different types of root associating microorganisms, such as arbuscular mycorrhizal and ectomycorrhizal fungi. These trade-offs, by mediating root chemistry, exert legacy effects on nutrient release during decomposition, which may, in turn, affect the ability of new roots to re-acquire resources, thereby generating a feedback loop. However, the linkages at the basis of this potential feedback loop remain largely unquantified. Here, we propose a trait-based root 'acquisition-defence-decomposition' conceptual framework and test the strength of relevant linkages across 90 angiosperm tree species. We show that, at the plant species level, the root-fungal symbiosis gradient within the root economics space, root chemical defence (condensed tannins), and root decomposition rate are closely linked, providing support to this framework. Beyond the dichotomy between arbuscular mycorrhizal-dominated versus ectomycorrhizal-dominated systems, we suggest a continuous shift in feedback loops, from 'high arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis-low defence-fast decomposition-inorganic nutrition' by evolutionarily ancient taxa to 'high ectomycorrhizal symbiosis-high defence-slow decomposition-organic nutrition' by more modern taxa. This 'acquisition-defence-decomposition' framework provides a foundation for testable hypotheses on multidimensional linkages between species' belowground strategies and ecosystem nutrient cycling in an evolutionary context.},
}
@article {pmid38905974,
year = {2024},
author = {Zhou, M and Ma, L and Wang, Z and Li, S and Cai, Y and Li, M and Zhang, L and Wang, C and Wu, B and Yan, Q and He, Z and Shu, L},
title = {Nano- and microplastics drive the dynamic equilibrium of amoeba-associated bacteria and antibiotic resistance genes.},
journal = {Journal of hazardous materials},
volume = {476},
number = {},
pages = {134958},
doi = {10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134958},
pmid = {38905974},
issn = {1873-3336},
abstract = {As emerging pollutants, microplastics have become pervasive on a global scale, inflicting significant harm upon ecosystems. However, the impact of these microplastics on the symbiotic relationship between protists and bacteria remains poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the mechanisms through which nano- and microplastics of varying sizes and concentrations influence the amoeba-bacterial symbiotic system. The findings reveal that nano- and microplastics exert deleterious effects on the adaptability of the amoeba host, with the magnitude of these effects contingent upon particle size and concentration. Furthermore, nano- and microplastics disrupt the initial equilibrium in the symbiotic relationship between amoeba and bacteria, with nano-plastics demonstrating a reduced ability to colonize symbiotic bacteria within the amoeba host when compared to their microplastic counterparts. Moreover, nano- and microplastics enhance the relative abundance of antibiotic resistance genes and heavy metal resistance genes in the bacteria residing within the amoeba host, which undoubtedly increases the potential transmission risk of both human pathogens and resistance genes within the environment. In sum, the results presented herein provide a novel perspective and theoretical foundation for the study of interactions between microplastics and microbial symbiotic systems, along with the establishment of risk assessment systems for ecological environments and human health.},
}
@article {pmid38905245,
year = {2024},
author = {Chen, HY and Wang, CY and Zhang, B and He, Z and Yang, RC and Zhang, HH and Hu, QQ and Zhao, ZY and Zhao, M},
title = {Gut microbiota diversity in a dung beetle (Catharsius molossus) across geographical variations and brood ball-mediated microbial transmission.},
journal = {PloS one},
volume = {19},
number = {6},
pages = {e0304908},
pmid = {38905245},
issn = {1932-6203},
mesh = {Animals ; *Coleoptera/microbiology ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; Female ; Male ; *Larva/microbiology ; *RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics ; Bacteria/genetics/classification ; Biodiversity ; China ; Phylogeny ; },
abstract = {The dung beetle primarily feeds on the feces of herbivorous animals and play a crucial role in ecological processes like material cycles and soil improvement. This study aims to explore the diversity and composition of the gut microbiota of Catharsius molossus (a renowned dung beetle originating from China and introduced to multiple countries for its ecological value) and exploring whether these gut microbes are transmitted vertically across generations. Using 16S rRNA and ITS rRNA gene sequencing techniques, we described the diversity and composition of gut microbes in C. molossus from different localities and different developmental stages (Egg, young larvae and old larvae). We discovered that the diversity of gut microbiota of dung beetles varied obviously among different geographical localities and different developmental stages, and we also discussed the potential influencing factors. Interestingly, the microbial community structure within the brood balls is more similar to male dung beetle than to that of females, which is consistent with the observation that the brood ball is constructed by the male dung beetle, with the female laying egg in it at the final step. This unique breeding method facilitates offspring in inheriting microbial communities from both the mother and the father. Initially, the larvae's gut microbiota closely mirrors that of the parental gift in these brood balls. As larvae grow, significant changes occur in their gut microbiota, including an increase in symbiotic bacteria like Lactococcus and Enterococcus. Analysis of the gut bacteria of adult dung beetles across various localities and different developmental stages identified nine core genera in adults, contributing to 67.80% of the total microbial abundance, and 11 core genera in beetles at different developmental stages, accounting for 49.13% of the total. Notably, seven genera were common between these two core groups. Our results suggest that Parental gifts can play a role in the vertical transmission of microbes, and the abundance of probiotics increases with larval development, supporting the hypothesis that "larval feeding behavior occurs in two stages: larvae first feed on parental gifts to acquire necessary microbes, then enrich symbiotic microbiota through consuming their own feces."},
}
@article {pmid38904752,
year = {2024},
author = {Wightman, T and Muszyński, A and Kelly, SJ and Sullivan, JT and Smart, CJ and Stougaard, J and Ferguson, S and Azadi, P and Ronson, CW},
title = {Rhizobial secretion of truncated exopolysaccharides severely impairs the Mesorhizobium-Lotus symbiosis.},
journal = {Molecular plant-microbe interactions : MPMI},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1094/MPMI-03-24-0024-R},
pmid = {38904752},
issn = {0894-0282},
abstract = {The symbiosis between Mesorhizobium japonicum R7A and Lotus japonicus Gifu is an important model system for investigating the role of bacterial exopolysaccharides (EPS) in plant-microbe interactions. Previously we showed that R7A exoB mutants that are affected at an early stage of EPS synthesis and in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) synthesis induce effective nodules on L. japonicus Gifu after a delay, whereas exoU mutants affected in the biosynthesis of the EPS side chain induce small uninfected nodule primordia and are impaired in infection. The presence of a halo around the exoU mutant when grown on Calcofluor-containing media suggested the mutant secreted a truncated version of R7A EPS. A non-polar ΔexoA mutant defective in the addition of the first glucose residue to the EPS backbone was also severely impaired symbiotically. Here we used a suppressor screen to show that the severe symbiotic phenotype of the exoU mutant was due to secretion of an acetylated pentasaccharide, as both monomers and oligomers, by the same Wzx/Wzy system that transports wild-type exopolysaccharide. We also present evidence that the ΔexoA mutant secretes an oligosaccharide by the same transport system, contributing to its symbiotic phenotype. In contrast, ΔexoYF, and polar exoA and exoL mutants have a similar phenotype to exoB mutants, forming effective nodules after a delay. These studies provide substantial evidence that secreted incompatible EPS is perceived by the plant leading to abrogation of the infection process.},
}
@article {pmid38904377,
year = {2024},
author = {Berasategui, A and Salem, H and Moller, AG and Christopher, Y and Vidaurre Montoya, Q and Conn, C and Read, TD and Rodrigues, A and Ziemert, N and Gerardo, N},
title = {Genomic insights into the evolution of secondary metabolism of Escovopsis and its allies, specialized fungal symbionts of fungus-farming ants.},
journal = {mSystems},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e0057624},
doi = {10.1128/msystems.00576-24},
pmid = {38904377},
issn = {2379-5077},
abstract = {The metabolic intimacy of symbiosis often demands the work of specialists. Natural products and defensive secondary metabolites can drive specificity by ensuring infection and propagation across host generations. But in contrast to bacteria, little is known about the diversity and distribution of natural product biosynthetic pathways among fungi and how they evolve to facilitate symbiosis and adaptation to their host environment. In this study, we define the secondary metabolism of Escovopsis and closely related genera, symbionts in the gardens of fungus-farming ants. We ask how the gain and loss of various biosynthetic pathways correspond to divergent lifestyles. Long-read sequencing allowed us to define the chromosomal features of representative Escovopsis strains, revealing highly reduced genomes composed of seven to eight chromosomes. The genomes are highly syntenic with macrosynteny decreasing with increasing phylogenetic distance, while maintaining a high degree of mesosynteny. An ancestral state reconstruction analysis of biosynthetic pathways revealed that, while many secondary metabolites are shared with non-ant-associated Sordariomycetes, 56 pathways are unique to the symbiotic genera. Reflecting adaptation to diverging ant agricultural systems, we observe that the stepwise acquisition of these pathways mirrors the ecological radiations of attine ants and the dynamic recruitment and replacement of their fungal cultivars. As different clades encode characteristic combinations of biosynthetic gene clusters, these delineating profiles provide important insights into the possible mechanisms underlying specificity between these symbionts and their fungal hosts. Collectively, our findings shed light on the evolutionary dynamic nature of secondary metabolism in Escovopsis and its allies, reflecting adaptation of the symbionts to an ancient agricultural system.IMPORTANCEMicrobial symbionts interact with their hosts and competitors through a remarkable array of secondary metabolites and natural products. Here, we highlight the highly streamlined genomic features of attine-associated fungal symbionts. The genomes of Escovopsis species, as well as species from other symbiont genera, many of which are common with the gardens of fungus-growing ants, are defined by seven chromosomes. Despite a high degree of metabolic conservation, we observe some variation in the symbionts' potential to produce secondary metabolites. As the phylogenetic distribution of the encoding biosynthetic gene clusters coincides with attine transitions in agricultural systems, we highlight the likely role of these metabolites in mediating adaptation by a group of highly specialized symbionts.},
}
@article {pmid38903783,
year = {2024},
author = {Zhao, M and Bao, J and Wang, Z and Sun, P and Liu, J and Yan, Y and Ge, G},
title = {Utilisation of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum and propionic acid to improve silage quality of amaranth before and after wilting: fermentation quality, microbial communities, and their metabolic pathway.},
journal = {Frontiers in microbiology},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1415290},
pmid = {38903783},
issn = {1664-302X},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (L. plantarum) and propionic acid (PA) on fermentation characteristics and microbial community of amaranth (Amaranthus hypochondriaus) silage with different moisture contents.<br><br>METHODS: Amaranth was harvested at maturity stage and prepared for ensiling. There were two moisture content gradients (80%: AhG, 70%: AhS; fresh material: FM) and three treatments (control: CK, L. plantarum: LP, propionic acid: PA) set up, and silages were opened after 60&#x2009;d of ensiling.<br><br>RESULTS: The results showed that the addition of L. plantarum and PA increased lactic acid (LA) content and decreased pH of amaranth after fermentation. In particular, the addition of PA significantly increased crude protein content (p&#x2009;<&#x2009;0.05). LA content was higher in wilted silage than in high-moisture silage, and it was higher with the addition of L. plantarum and PA (p&#x2009;<&#x2009;0.05). The dominant species of AhGLP, AhSCK, AhSLP and AhSPA were mainly L. plantarum, Lentilactobacillus buchneri and Levilactobacillus brevis. The dominant species in AhGCK include Enterobacter cloacae, and Xanthomonas oryzae was dominated in AhGPA, which affected fermentation quality. L. plantarum and PA acted synergistically after ensiling to accelerate the succession of dominant species from gram-negative to gram-positive bacteria, forming a symbiotic microbial network centred on lactic acid bacteria. Both wilting and additive silage preparation methods increased the degree of dominance of global and overview maps and carbohydrate metabolism, and decreased the degree of dominance of amino acid metabolism categories.<br><br>CONCLUSION: In conclusion, the addition of L. plantarum to silage can effectively improve the fermentation characteristics of amaranth, increase the diversity of bacterial communities, and regulate the microbial community and its functional metabolic pathways to achieve the desired fermentation effect.},
}
@article {pmid38902723,
year = {2024},
author = {Liang, Y and Dikow, RB and Su, X and Wen, J and Ren, Z},
title = {Comparative genomics of the primary endosymbiont Buchnera aphidicola in aphid hosts and their coevolutionary relationships.},
journal = {BMC biology},
volume = {22},
number = {1},
pages = {137},
pmid = {38902723},
issn = {1741-7007},
support = {31870366//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 31170359//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 201803D421051//International Science and Technology Cooperation Program of Shanxi Province/ ; 2020-018//Shanxi Scholarship Council of China/ ; 2014AA021802//National High-tech Research and Development Program/ ; },
mesh = {*Aphids/microbiology/genetics ; Animals ; *Buchnera/genetics/physiology ; *Symbiosis/genetics ; *Genome, Bacterial ; *Genomics ; *Phylogeny ; Biological Coevolution ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Coevolution between modern aphids and their primary obligate, bacterial endosymbiont, Buchnera aphidicola, has been previously reported at different classification levels based on molecular phylogenetic analyses. However, the Buchnera genome remains poorly understood within the Rhus gall aphids.<br><br>RESULTS: We assembled the complete genome of the endosymbiont Buchnera in 16 aphid samples, representing 13 species in all six genera of Rhus gall aphids by shotgun genome skimming method. We compared the newly assembled genomes with those from GenBank to comprehensively investigate patterns of coevolution between the bacteria Buchnera and their aphid hosts. Buchnera genomes were mostly collinear, and the pan-genome contained 684 genes, in which the core genome contained 256 genes with some lineages having large numbers of tandem gene duplications. There has been substantial gene-loss in each Buchnera lineage. We also reconstructed the phylogeny for Buchnera and their host aphids, respectively, using 72 complete genomes of Buchnera, along with the complete mitochondrial genomes and three nuclear genes of 31 corresponding host aphid accessions. The cophylogenetic test demonstrated significant coevolution between these two partner groups at individual, species, generic, and tribal levels.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Buchnera exhibits very high levels of genomic sequence divergence but relative stability in gene order. The relationship between the symbionts Buchnera and its aphid hosts shows a significant coevolutionary pattern and supports complexity of the obligate symbiotic relationship.},
}
@article {pmid38902623,
year = {2024},
author = {Sainz, MM and Filippi, CV and Eastman, G and Sotelo-Silveira, M and Zardo, S and Martínez-Moré, M and Sotelo-Silveira, J and Borsani, O},
title = {Water deficit response in nodulated soybean roots: a comprehensive transcriptome and translatome network analysis.},
journal = {BMC plant biology},
volume = {24},
number = {1},
pages = {585},
pmid = {38902623},
issn = {1471-2229},
support = {CSIC I+D 2020_282//Comisi&#xf3;n Sectorial de Investigaci&#xf3;n Cient&#xed;fica/ ; FVF_2017_210//Ministerio de Educaci&#xf3;n y Cultura/ ; Red Nacional de Biotecnolog&#xed;a Agr&#xed;cola: RTS_1_2014_1//Agencia Nacional de Investigaci&#xf3;n e Innovaci&#xf3;n/ ; },
mesh = {*Glycine max/genetics/physiology ; *Transcriptome ; *Plant Roots/genetics/metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Plant Root Nodulation/genetics ; Gene Regulatory Networks ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Dehydration ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Soybean establishes a mutualistic interaction with nitrogen-fixing rhizobacteria, acquiring most of its nitrogen requirements through symbiotic nitrogen fixation. This crop is susceptible to water deficit; evidence suggests that its nodulation status-whether it is nodulated or not-can influence how it responds to water deficit. The translational control step of gene expression has proven relevant in plants subjected to water deficit.<br><br>RESULTS: Here, we analyzed soybean roots' differential responses to water deficit at transcriptional, translational, and mixed (transcriptional&#x2009;+&#x2009;translational) levels. Thus, the transcriptome and translatome of four combined-treated soybean roots were analyzed. We found hormone metabolism-related genes among the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) at the translatome level in nodulated and water-restricted plants. Also, weighted gene co-expression network analysis followed by differential expression analysis identified gene modules associated with nodulation and water deficit conditions. Protein-protein interaction network analysis was performed for subsets of mixed DEGs of the modules associated with the plant responses to nodulation, water deficit, or their combination.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Our research reveals that the stand-out processes and pathways in the before-mentioned plant responses partially differ; terms related to glutathione metabolism and hormone signal transduction (2&#xa0;C protein phosphatases) were associated with the response to water deficit, terms related to transmembrane transport, response to abscisic acid, pigment metabolic process were associated with the response to nodulation plus water deficit. Still, two processes were common: galactose metabolism and branched-chain amino acid catabolism. A comprehensive analysis of these processes could lead to identifying new sources of tolerance to drought in soybean.},
}
@article {pmid38901819,
year = {2024},
author = {Liu, J and Chen, Y and Song, Y and Xu, D and Gu, Y and Wang, J and Song, W and Sun, B and Jiang, Z and Xia, B},
title = {Evidence of size-dependent toxicity of polystyrene nano- and microplastics in sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus (Selenka, 1867) during the intestinal regeneration.},
journal = {Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)},
volume = {357},
number = {},
pages = {124394},
doi = {10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124394},
pmid = {38901819},
issn = {1873-6424},
abstract = {Microplastics are ubiquitous pollutants in the global marine environment. However, few studies have adequately explored the different toxic mechanisms of microplastics (MPs) and nanoplastics (NPs) in aquatic organisms. The sea cucumber, Apostichopus japonicus, is a key organism in the marine benthic ecosystem due to its crucial roles in biogeochemical cycles and food web. This study investigated the bioaccumulation and adverse effects of polystyrene micro- and nanoplastics (PS-M/NPs) of different sizes (20 μm, 1 μm and 80 nm) in the regenerated intestine of A. japonicus using multi-omics analysis. The results showed that after 30-day exposure at the concentration of 0.1 mg L[-1], PS-MPs and PS-NPs accumulated to 155.41-175.04 μg g[-1] and 337.95 μg g[-1], respectively. This excessive accumulation led to increased levels of antioxidases (SOD, CAT, GPx and T-AOC) and reduced activities of immune enzymes (AKP, ACP and T-NOS), indicating oxidative damage and compromised immunity in the regenerated intestine. PS-NPs had more profound negative impacts on cell proliferation and differentiation compared to PS-MPs. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that PS-NPs primarily affected pathways related to cellular components, e.g., ribosome, and oxidative phosphorylation. In comparison, PS-MPs had greater influences on actin-related organization and organic compound metabolism. In the PS-M/NPs-treated groups, differentially expressed metabolites were mainly amino acids, fatty acids, glycerol phospholipid, and purine nucleosides. Additionally, microbial community reconstruction in the regenerated intestine was severely disrupted by the presence of PS-M/NPs. In the PS-NPs group, Burkholderiaceae abundance significantly increased while Rhodobacteraceae abundance decreased. Correlation analyses demonstrated that intestinal regeneration of A. japonicus was closely linked to its enteric microorganisms. These microbiota-host interactions were notably affected by different PS-M/NPs, with PS-NPs exposure causing the most remarkable disruption of mutual symbiosis. The multi-omic approaches used here provide novel insights into the size-dependent toxicity of PS-M/NPs and highlight their detrimental effects on invertebrates in M/NPs-polluted marine benthic ecosystems.},
}
@article {pmid38900957,
year = {2024},
author = {Haghebaert, M and Laroche, B and Sala, L and Mondot, S and Doré, J},
title = {A mechanistic modelling approach of the host-imicrobiota interactions to investigate beneficial symbiotic resilience in the human gut.},
journal = {Journal of the Royal Society, Interface},
volume = {21},
number = {215},
pages = {20230756},
doi = {10.1098/rsif.2023.0756},
pmid = {38900957},
issn = {1742-5662},
support = {see manuscript//H2020 European Research Council/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome/physiology ; *Symbiosis/physiology ; *Models, Biological ; Colon/metabolism/microbiology ; Host Microbial Interactions/physiology/immunology ; Immunity, Innate ; },
abstract = {The health and well-being of a host are deeply influenced by the interactions with its gut microbiota. Contrasted environmental conditions, such as diseases or dietary habits, play a pivotal role in modulating these interactions, impacting microbiota composition and functionality. Such conditions can also lead to transitions from beneficial to detrimental symbiosis, viewed as alternative stable states of the host-microbiota dialogue. This article introduces a novel mathematical model exploring host-microbiota interactions, integrating dynamics of the colonic epithelial crypt, microbial metabolic functions, inflammation sensitivity and colon flows in a transverse section. The model considers metabolic shifts in epithelial cells based on butyrate and hydrogen sulfide concentrations, innate immune pattern recognition receptor activation, microbial oxygen tolerance and the impact of antimicrobial peptides on the microbiota. Using the model, we demonstrated that a high-protein, low-fibre diet exacerbates detrimental interactions and compromises beneficial symbiotic resilience, underscoring a destabilizing effect towards an unhealthy state. Moreover, the proposed model provides essential insights into oxygen levels, fibre and protein breakdown, and basic mechanisms of innate immunity in the colon and offers a crucial understanding of factors influencing the colon environment.},
}
@article {pmid38900822,
year = {2024},
author = {Koch, H and Sessitsch, A},
title = {The microbial-driven nitrogen cycle and its relevance for plant nutrition.},
journal = {Journal of experimental botany},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/jxb/erae274},
pmid = {38900822},
issn = {1460-2431},
abstract = {Nitrogen (N) is a vital nutrient and an essential component of biological macromolecules, such as nucleic acids and proteins. Microorganisms represent major drivers of N-cycling processes in all ecosystems, including the soil and plant environment. The availability of N is a major growth limiting factor for plants and it is significantly affected by the plant microbiome. Plants and microorganisms form complex interaction networks resulting in molecular signaling, nutrient exchange and other distinct metabolic responses. In these networks, microbial partners influence growth and N use efficiency of plants either positively or negatively. Harnessing the beneficial effects of specific players within crop microbiomes is a promising strategy to counteract the emerging threats for human and planetary health due to the overuse of industrial N fertilizers. However, in addition to N-providing activities (e.g. the well-known symbiosis of legumes and Rhizobium bacteria), other plant-microorganism interactions must be considered to obtain a complete picture of how microbial driven N-transformations might affect plant nutrition. For this, we review recent insights into the tight interplay between plants and N-cycling microorganisms focusing on microbial N-transformation processes representing N sources and sinks that ultimately shape the plant N acquisition.},
}
@article {pmid38900391,
year = {2024},
author = {Müller, AT and Ossetek, KL and Mithöfer, A},
title = {Herbivory by Leaf-Cutting Ants: Exploring the Jasmonate Response in Host and Non-Host Plants.},
journal = {Journal of chemical ecology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {38900391},
issn = {1573-1561},
abstract = {Leaf-cutting ants (Formicidae; Atta spp., Acromyrmex spp.) cut off pieces of leaves and other plant tissue and feed it to their symbiotic fungi. As this foraging behavior poses an imminent threat to agriculture, leaf-cutting ants are considered as pests of huge ecologically and economically importance. Consequently, research on leaf-cutting ants focused on their foraging decisions and interactions with their cultivated symbiotic fungi, whereas their effect on the attacked plants, apart from the loss of plant tissue, remains largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the consequences of an attack by leaf-cutting ants and analyzed the plants' defense responses in comparison to chewing caterpillars and mechanical damage. We found that an attack by leaf-cutting ants induces the production of jasmonates in several host and non-host plant species (Arabidopsis thaliana, Vicia faba, Phaseolus lunatus, Tococa quadrialata). Additionally, we showed in the natural host plant lima bean (P. lunatus) that leaf-cutting ant damage immediately leads to the emission of typical herbivory-induced plant volatiles, including green leaf volatiles and terpenoids. Further data exploration revealed clear differences in the defense-related phytohormone profile in plant species of Neotropical and Eurasian origin. Taken together, we show that leaf-cutting ant infestation and their way of clipping the plants' tissues induce jasmonate and jasmonates-mediated responses and do not differ from those to mechanical injury or larval feeding.},
}
@article {pmid38899728,
year = {2024},
author = {Surmacz, B and Stec, D and Prus-Frankowska, M and Buczek, M and Michalczyk, &#x141; and Łukasik, P},
title = {Pinpointing the microbiota of tardigrades: What is really there?.},
journal = {Environmental microbiology},
volume = {26},
number = {6},
pages = {e16659},
doi = {10.1111/1462-2920.16659},
pmid = {38899728},
issn = {1462-2920},
support = {2016/22/E/NZ8/00417//Polish National Science Centre/ ; 2018/31/B/NZ8/01158//Polish National Science Centre/ ; PPN/PPO/2018/1/00015//Polish National Agency for Academic Exchange/ ; },
mesh = {*Tardigrada ; *Microbiota/genetics ; Animals ; *RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics ; *Bacteria/classification/genetics/isolation &amp; purification ; *Symbiosis ; Phylogeny ; DNA, Bacterial/genetics ; Sequence Analysis, DNA/methods ; },
abstract = {Microbiota are considered significant in the biology of tardigrades, yet their diversity and distribution remain largely unexplored. This is partly due to the methodological challenges associated with studying the microbiota of small organisms that inhabit microbe-rich environments. In our study, we characterized the microbiota of 31 species of cultured tardigrades using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. We employed various sample preparation strategies and multiple types of controls and estimated the number of microbes in samples using synthetic DNA spike-ins. We also reanalysed data from previous tardigrade microbiome studies. Our findings suggest that the microbial communities of cultured tardigrades are predominantly composed of bacterial genotypes originating from food, medium, or reagents. Despite numerous experiments, we found it challenging to identify strains that were enriched in certain tardigrades, which would have indicated likely symbiotic associations. Putative tardigrade-associated microbes rarely constituted more than 20% of the datasets, although some matched symbionts identified in other studies. We also uncovered serious contamination issues in previous tardigrade microbiome studies, casting doubt on some of their conclusions. We concluded that tardigrades are not universally dependent on specialized microbes. Our work underscores the need for rigorous safeguards in studies of the microbiota of microscopic organisms and serves as a cautionary tale for studies involving samples with low microbiome abundance.},
}
@article {pmid38899609,
year = {2024},
author = {Behera, PR and Behera, KK and Sethi, G and Prabina, BJ and Bai, AT and Sipra, BS and Adarsh, V and Das, S and Behera, KC and Singh, L and Mishra, MK and Behera, M},
title = {Enhancing Agricultural Sustainability Through Rhizomicrobiome: A Review.},
journal = {Journal of basic microbiology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e2400100},
doi = {10.1002/jobm.202400100},
pmid = {38899609},
issn = {1521-4028},
abstract = {Sustainable agriculture represents the responsible utilization of natural resources while safeguarding the well-being of the natural environment. It encompasses the objectives of preserving the environment, fostering economic growth, and promoting socioeconomic equality. To achieve sustainable development for humanity, it is imperative to prioritize sustainable agriculture. One significant approach to achieving this transition is the extensive utilization of microbes, which play a crucial role due to the genetic reliance of plants on the beneficial functions provided by symbiotic microbes. This review focuses on the significance of rhizospheric microbial communities, also known as the rhizomicrobiome (RM). It is a complex community of microorganisms that live in the rhizosphere and influence the plant's growth and health. It provides its host plant with various benefits related to plant growth, including biocontrol, biofertilization, phytostimulation, rhizoremediation, stress resistance, and other advantageous properties. Yet, the mechanisms by which the RM contributes to sustainable agriculture remain largely unknown. Investigating this microbial population presents a significant opportunity to advance toward sustainable agriculture. Hence, this study aims to provide an overview of the diversity and applications of RM in sustainable agriculture practices. Lately, there has been growing momentum in various areas related to rhizobiome research and its application in agriculture. This includes rhizosphere engineering, synthetic microbiome application, agent-based modeling of the rhizobiome, and metagenomic studies. So, developing bioformulations of these beneficial microorganisms that support plant growth could serve as a promising solution for future strategies aimed at achieving a new green revolution.},
}
@article {pmid38898982,
year = {2024},
author = {Qiu, T and Peñuelas, J and Chen, Y and Sardans, J and Yu, J and Xu, Z and Cui, Q and Liu, J and Cui, Y and Zhao, S and Chen, J and Wang, Y and Fang, L},
title = {Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal interactions bridge the support of root-associated microbiota for slope multifunctionality in an erosion-prone ecosystem.},
journal = {iMeta},
volume = {3},
number = {3},
pages = {e187},
pmid = {38898982},
issn = {2770-596X},
abstract = {The role of diverse soil microbiota in restoring erosion-induced degraded lands is well recognized. Yet, the facilitative interactions among symbiotic arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, rhizobia, and heterotrophic bacteria, which underpin multiple functions in eroded ecosystems, remain unclear. Here, we utilized quantitative microbiota profiling and ecological network analyses to explore the interplay between the diversity and biotic associations of root-associated microbiota and multifunctionality across an eroded slope of a Robinia pseudoacacia plantation on the Loess Plateau. We found explicit variations in slope multifunctionality across different slope positions, associated with shifts in limiting resources, including soil phosphorus (P) and moisture. To cope with P limitation, AM fungi were recruited by R. pseudoacacia, assuming pivotal roles as keystones and connectors within cross-kingdom networks. Furthermore, AM fungi facilitated the assembly and composition of bacterial and rhizobial communities, collectively driving slope multifunctionality. The symbiotic association among R. pseudoacacia, AM fungi, and rhizobia promoted slope multifunctionality through enhanced decomposition of recalcitrant compounds, improved P mineralization potential, and optimized microbial metabolism. Overall, our findings highlight the crucial role of AM fungal-centered microbiota associated with R. pseudoacacia in functional delivery within eroded landscapes, providing valuable insights for the sustainable restoration of degraded ecosystems in erosion-prone regions.},
}
@article {pmid38897983,
year = {2024},
author = {Weitzman, CL and Brown, GP and Gibb, K and Christian, K},
title = {Cutaneous shedding in amphibians causes shifts in bacterial microbiomes.},
journal = {Integrative zoology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/1749-4877.12858},
pmid = {38897983},
issn = {1749-4877},
support = {ARC-DP210102176//Australian Research Council/ ; },
abstract = {Considerable research has focused on microbes on amphibian skin, as they act as the first line of defense against invading pathogens. This effort has generated substantial data on patterns across species, space, time, and ontogeny, alongside a growing list of beneficial antifungal symbionts. Though there is evidence of stability in amphibian skin microbial communities, there is also an indication that regular skin shedding reduces cultivable bacteria, with regrowth and recolonization in the period between sheds. This suggests that skin communities are in constant flux, and we lack an understanding of how the membership and structure of those communities are affected by shedding events. In this study, we conducted experiments on cane toads (Rhinella marina) to investigate the influence of shedding on skin microbiomes. We first used quantitative PCR to verify a positive correlation between bacterial loads and time in the days after shedding. We then resampled individuals over time to describe changes in community composition in the 38 h after shedding using amplicon sequencing. Similar to trends of bacterial loads, we found increases in alpha diversity over time after shedding, suggesting that shedding reduces bacterial diversity as it knocks down bacterial loads. During the 38-h period, community structure became similar to pre-shed communities in some individuals, but there was no consistent pattern in structural changes among individuals. In light of the amphibian chytridiomycosis pandemic, understanding how physiological events such as skin shedding affect beneficial bacteria and communities on amphibians would provide important insight into amphibian ecology.},
}
@article {pmid38897098,
year = {2024},
author = {Cedrola, F and Gürelli, G and Vinicius Xavier Senra, M and Jasmine Arminini Morales, M and Júnio Pedroso Dias, R and Nisaka Solferini, V},
title = {Phylogenomics corroborates morphology: New discussions on the systematics of Trichostomatia (Ciliophora, Litostomatea).},
journal = {European journal of protistology},
volume = {95},
number = {},
pages = {126093},
doi = {10.1016/j.ejop.2024.126093},
pmid = {38897098},
issn = {1618-0429},
abstract = {The subclass Trichostomatia (Ciliophora, Litostomatea) constitutes a well-supported monophyletic group, which includes ciliates exclusively found as symbionts of vertebrates, primarily herbivorous mammals. Recent molecular analyses reinforce the subclass monophyly, though almost all orders, suborders, families, and genera are found to be non-monophyletic. Here, we reconstructed the evolutionary history of the subclass Trichostomatia using a phylogenomic approach and discussed some systematic inconsistencies. We propose a new Ophryoscolecidae genus, Dagostonium, to include Diplodinium polygonale. Monoposthium cynodontum is transferred to the genus Cycloposthium.},
}
@article {pmid38896692,
year = {2024},
author = {Tüzün, BS and Karadağ, BT and Oran, S and Öztürk, &#x15e; and Yilmaz, FF and Fafal, T and Kivçak, B},
title = {Determination of phytochemical contents by LC/QTOF/MS and evaluation of in-vitro biological activities of 2 Peltigera lichens from Bursa.},
journal = {Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciencias},
volume = {96},
number = {2},
pages = {e20230657},
doi = {10.1590/0001-3765202420230657},
pmid = {38896692},
issn = {1678-2690},
mesh = {*Lichens/chemistry ; *Antioxidants/pharmacology/analysis ; *Phytochemicals/pharmacology/analysis/chemistry ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology/analysis/chemistry ; Monophenol Monooxygenase/antagonists &amp; inhibitors ; Chromatography, Liquid/methods ; Mass Spectrometry/methods ; },
abstract = {Lichens are symbiotic associations of algae and fungi. They are edible as food and have been used in traditional medicine for years. It is aimed to screen Peltigera praetextata (Flörke ex Sommerf.) Zopfand and Peltigera elisabethae Gyeln. phytochemically by LC/QTOF/MS and according to the constituents to evaluate the antioxidant, tyrosinase inhibitory, and antibacterial activities. In total 54 of metabolites detected by LC/QTOF/MS were common in both species. According to LC/QTOF/MS scanning results, alkaloids, iridoid glycosides, phenolics, cyanogenetic glycosides, and terpenic structures were detected. DPPH, ABTS, superoxide radical scavenging activities, and metal chelating capacity IC50 values were 84.55, 9.349; 51.27, 9.127; 95.01, 58.65 and 20.57, 70.08 µg/mL., respectively. The CUPRAC reducing power was determined as 4.69 and 9.57 TEACCUPRAC, respectively. Tyrosinase inhibitor activity were found to be 86.95 and 196.7 µg/mL. Both lichens did not show antimicrobial effects. As a result of the antioxidant and tyrosinase inhibitor activities it was seen that their activities were significant and further in vivo studies could be carried out on this lichens.},
}
@article {pmid38893411,
year = {2024},
author = {Nawaz, T and Gu, L and Fahad, S and Saud, S and Bleakley, B and Zhou, R},
title = {Exploring Sustainable Agriculture with Nitrogen-Fixing Cyanobacteria and Nanotechnology.},
journal = {Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {29},
number = {11},
pages = {},
pmid = {38893411},
issn = {1420-3049},
mesh = {*Cyanobacteria/metabolism ; *Nanotechnology/methods ; *Agriculture/methods ; *Nitrogen Fixation ; Metal Nanoparticles/chemistry ; Nitrogen/metabolism ; Symbiosis ; Nanoparticles/chemistry ; },
abstract = {The symbiotic relationship between nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria and plants offers a promising avenue for sustainable agricultural practices and environmental remediation. This review paper explores the molecular interactions between nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria and nanoparticles, shedding light on their potential synergies in agricultural nanotechnology. Delving into the evolutionary history and specialized adaptations of cyanobacteria, this paper highlights their pivotal role in fixing atmospheric nitrogen, which is crucial for ecosystem productivity. The review discusses the unique characteristics of metal nanoparticles and their emerging applications in agriculture, including improved nutrient delivery, stress tolerance, and disease resistance. It delves into the complex mechanisms of nanoparticle entry into plant cells, intracellular transport, and localization, uncovering the impact on root-shoot translocation and systemic distribution. Furthermore, the paper elucidates cellular responses to nanoparticle exposure, emphasizing oxidative stress, signaling pathways, and enhanced nutrient uptake. The potential of metal nanoparticles as carriers of essential nutrients and their implications for nutrient-use efficiency and crop yield are also explored. Insights into the modulation of plant stress responses, disease resistance, and phytoremediation strategies demonstrate the multifaceted benefits of nanoparticles in agriculture. Current trends, prospects, and challenges in agricultural nanotechnology are discussed, underscoring the need for responsible and safe nanoparticle utilization. By harnessing the power of nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria and leveraging the unique attributes of nanoparticles, this review paves the way for innovative, sustainable, and efficient agricultural practices.},
}
@article {pmid38891970,
year = {2024},
author = {Averina, OV and Poluektova, EU and Zorkina, YA and Kovtun, AS and Danilenko, VN},
title = {Human Gut Microbiota for Diagnosis and Treatment of Depression.},
journal = {International journal of molecular sciences},
volume = {25},
number = {11},
pages = {},
pmid = {38891970},
issn = {1422-0067},
support = {20-14-00132//Russian Science Foundation/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; *Depression/therapy/microbiology/diagnosis ; *Probiotics/therapeutic use ; Biomarkers ; Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ; Brain-Gut Axis ; Prebiotics/administration &amp; dosage ; },
abstract = {Nowadays, depressive disorder is spreading rapidly all over the world. Therefore, attention to the studies of the pathogenesis of the disease in order to find novel ways of early diagnosis and treatment is increasing among the scientific and medical communities. Special attention is drawn to a biomarker and therapeutic strategy through the microbiota-gut-brain axis. It is known that the symbiotic interactions between the gut microbes and the host can affect mental health. The review analyzes the mechanisms and ways of action of the gut microbiota on the pathophysiology of depression. The possibility of using knowledge about the taxonomic composition and metabolic profile of the microbiota of patients with depression to select gene compositions (metagenomic signature) as biomarkers of the disease is evaluated. The use of in silico technologies (machine learning) for the diagnosis of depression based on the biomarkers of the gut microbiota is given. Alternative approaches to the treatment of depression are being considered by balancing the microbial composition through dietary modifications and the use of additives, namely probiotics, postbiotics (including vesicles) and prebiotics as psychobiotics, and fecal transplantation. The bacterium Faecalibacterium prausnitzii is under consideration as a promising new-generation probiotic and auxiliary diagnostic biomarker of depression. The analysis conducted in this review may be useful for clinical practice and pharmacology.},
}
@article {pmid38891840,
year = {2024},
author = {Lewis, JA and Jacobo, EP and Palmer, N and Vermerris, W and Sattler, SE and Brozik, JA and Sarath, G and Kang, C},
title = {Structural and Interactional Analysis of the Flavonoid Pathway Proteins: Chalcone Synthase, Chalcone Isomerase and Chalcone Isomerase-like Protein.},
journal = {International journal of molecular sciences},
volume = {25},
number = {11},
pages = {},
pmid = {38891840},
issn = {1422-0067},
support = {2023-67013-39629//USDA-NIFA/ ; 3042-21000-034-00D//USDA-ARS/ ; 3042-21220-032-00D//USDA-ARS/ ; MCB-2043248//NSF/ ; },
mesh = {*Intramolecular Lyases/metabolism/chemistry ; *Acyltransferases/metabolism/chemistry ; Plant Proteins/metabolism/chemistry ; Flavonoids/metabolism/chemistry ; Kinetics ; Flavanones/chemistry/metabolism ; Chalcones/chemistry/metabolism ; Substrate Specificity ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Molecular Docking Simulation ; Models, Molecular ; Protein Binding ; Protein Conformation ; },
abstract = {Chalcone synthase (CHS) and chalcone isomerase (CHI) catalyze the first two committed steps of the flavonoid pathway that plays a pivotal role in the growth and reproduction of land plants, including UV protection, pigmentation, symbiotic nitrogen fixation, and pathogen resistance. Based on the obtained X-ray crystal structures of CHS, CHI, and chalcone isomerase-like protein (CHIL) from the same monocotyledon, Panicum virgatum, along with the results of the steady-state kinetics, spectroscopic/thermodynamic analyses, intermolecular interactions, and their effect on each catalytic step are proposed. In addition, PvCHI's unique activity for both naringenin chalcone and isoliquiritigenin was analyzed, and the observed hierarchical activity for those type-I and -II substrates was explained with the intrinsic characteristics of the enzyme and two substrates. The structure of PvCHS complexed with naringenin supports uncompetitive inhibition. PvCHS displays intrinsic catalytic promiscuity, evident from the formation of p-coumaroyltriacetic acid lactone (CTAL) in addition to naringenin chalcone. In the presence of PvCHIL, conversion of p-coumaroyl-CoA to naringenin through PvCHS and PvCHI displayed ~400-fold increased Vmax with reduced formation of CTAL by 70%. Supporting this model, molecular docking, ITC (Isothermal Titration Calorimetry), and FRET (Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer) indicated that both PvCHI and PvCHIL interact with PvCHS in a non-competitive manner, indicating the plausible allosteric effect of naringenin on CHS. Significantly, the presence of naringenin increased the affinity between PvCHS and PvCHIL, whereas naringenin chalcone decreased the affinity, indicating a plausible feedback mechanism to minimize spontaneous incorrect stereoisomers. These are the first findings from a three-body system from the same species, indicating the importance of the macromolecular assembly of CHS-CHI-CHIL in determining the amount and type of flavonoids produced in plant cells.},
}
@article {pmid38891811,
year = {2024},
author = {Ziemlewska, A and Zagórska-Dziok, M and Mokrzyńska, A and Nizioł-Łukaszewska, Z and Szczepanek, D and Sowa, I and Wójciak, M},
title = {Comparison of Anti-Inflammatory and Antibacterial Properties of Raphanus sativus L. Leaf and Root Kombucha-Fermented Extracts.},
journal = {International journal of molecular sciences},
volume = {25},
number = {11},
pages = {},
pmid = {38891811},
issn = {1422-0067},
mesh = {*Plant Extracts/pharmacology/chemistry ; *Plant Leaves/chemistry ; *Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacology/chemistry ; *Raphanus/chemistry ; *Fermentation ; *Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology/chemistry ; Humans ; *Antioxidants/pharmacology/chemistry ; *Plant Roots/chemistry ; Fibroblasts/drug effects/metabolism ; Kombucha Tea ; Cyclooxygenase 2/metabolism ; Interleukin-1beta/metabolism ; Oxidative Stress/drug effects ; },
abstract = {In the cosmetics industry, the extract from Raphanus sativus L. is fermented using specific starter cultures. These cosmetic ingredients act as preservatives and skin conditioners. Kombucha is traditionally made by fermenting sweetened tea using symbiotic cultures of bacteria and yeast and is used in cosmetic products. The aim of this study was to evaluate the cosmetic properties of radish leaf and root extract fermented with the SCOBY. Both unfermented water extracts and extracts after 7, 14, and 21 days of fermentation were evaluated. The analysis of secondary plant metabolites by UPLC-MS showed higher values for ferments than for extracts. A similar relationship was noted when examining the antioxidant properties using DPPH and ABTS radicals and the protective effect against H2O2-induced oxidative stress in fibroblasts and keratinocytes using the fluorogenic dye H2DCFDA. The results also showed no cytotoxicity to skin cells using Alamar Blue and Neutral Red tests. The ability of the samples to inhibit IL-1β and COX-2 activity in LPS-treated fibroblasts was also demonstrated using ELISA assays. The influence of extracts and ferments on bacterial strains involved in inflammatory processes of skin diseases was also assessed. Additionally, application tests were carried out, which showed a positive effect of extracts and ferments on TEWL and skin hydration using a TEWAmeter and corneometer probe. The results obtained depended on the concentration used and the fermentation time.},
}
@article {pmid38891273,
year = {2024},
author = {Jaiswal, SK and Dakora, FD},
title = {Seed-Coat Pigmentation Plays a Crucial Role in Partner Selection and N2 Fixation in Legume-Root-Microbe Associations in African Soils.},
journal = {Plants (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {13},
number = {11},
pages = {},
pmid = {38891273},
issn = {2223-7747},
abstract = {Legume-rhizobia symbiosis is the most important plant-microbe interaction in sustainable agriculture due to its ability to provide much needed N in cropping systems. This interaction is mediated by the mutual recognition of signaling molecules from the two partners, namely legumes and rhizobia. In legumes, these molecules are in the form of flavonoids and anthocyanins, which are responsible for the pigmentation of plant organs, such as seeds, flowers, fruits, and even leaves. Seed-coat pigmentation in legumes is a dominant factor influencing gene expression relating to N2 fixation and may be responsible for the different N2-fixing abilities observed among legume genotypes under field conditions in African soils. Common bean, cowpea, Kersting's groundnut, and Bambara groundnut landraces with black seed-coat color are reported to release higher concentrations of nod-gene-inducing flavonoids and anthocyanins compared with the Red and Cream landraces. Black seed-coat pigmentation is considered a biomarker for enhanced nodulation and N2 fixation in legumes. Cowpea, Bambara groundnut, and Kersting's bean with differing seed-coat colors are known to attract different soil rhizobia based on PCR-RFLP analysis of bacterial DNA. Even when seeds of the same legume with diverse seed-coat colors were planted together in one hole, the nodulating bradyrhizobia clustered differently in the PCR-RFLP dendrogram. Kersting's groundnut, Bambara groundnut, and cowpea with differing seed-coat colors were selectively nodulated by different bradyrhizobial species. The 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing also found significant selective influences of seed-coat pigmentation on microbial community structure in the rhizosphere of five Kersting's groundnut landraces. Seed-coat color therefore plays a dominant role in the selection of the bacterial partner in the legume-rhizobia symbiosis.},
}
@article {pmid38890987,
year = {2024},
author = {Loureiro, L and Morais, J and Silva, R and Martins, JT and Geada, P and Vasconcelos, V and Vicente, AA},
title = {Isolation and Identification of Lichen Photobionts Collected from Different Environments in North of Portugal and Evaluation of Bioactivities of Their Extracts.},
journal = {Foods (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {13},
number = {11},
pages = {},
pmid = {38890987},
issn = {2304-8158},
support = {SFRH/BD/131410/2017//Foundation for Science and Technology/ ; },
abstract = {Lichens are organisms constituted by a symbiotic relationship between a fungus (mycobiont) and a photoautotrophic partner (photobiont). Lichens produce several bioactive compounds; however, the biotechnological exploitation of this organism is hampered by its slow growth. To start studying the possibility of exploiting lichens as alternative sources of bioactive compounds, eighteen lichens were collected in the north of Portugal in order to isolate and study the bioactivity of their photobionts. It was possible to isolate and cultivate only eight photobionts. Three of them, LFR1, LFA2 and LCF3, belong to the Coelastrella genus, the other two (LFA1 and LCF1) belong to the Chlorella genus and for the remaining three photobionts, LFS1, LCA1 and LCR1, it was impossible to isolate their microalgae. These only grow in consortium with bacteria and/or cyanobacteria. All extracts showed antioxidant activity, mainly at a concentration of 10 mg.mL[-1]. LFS1, a consortium extract, showed the highest antioxidant power, as well as the highest concentration of phenolic compounds (5.16 ± 0.53 mg of gallic acid equivalents (GAE).g[-1]). The extracts under study did not show significant antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Listeria or Salmonella. The Coelastrella sp. and LFA1 extracts showed the highest hyaluronidase inhibition. The LFR1 extract at a concentration of 5 mg.mL[-1] showed the highest anti-inflammatory activity (79.77 ± 7.66%). The extracts of Coelastrella sp. and LFA1 also showed greater antidiabetic activity, demonstrating the high inhibitory power of α-amylase and α-glucosidase. LFR1 at a concentration of 5 mg.mL[-1], due to its selective cytotoxicity inhibiting the growth of cancer cells (Caco-2 cells), is a promising anticancer agent.},
}
@article {pmid38889795,
year = {2024},
author = {Valadez-Ingersoll, M and Aguirre Carrión, PJ and Bodnar, CA and Desai, NA and Gilmore, TD and Davies, SW},
title = {Correction to 'Starvation differentially affects gene expression, immunity and pathogen susceptibility across symbiotic states in a model cnidarian' (2024), by Valadez-Ingersoll et al.},
journal = {Proceedings. Biological sciences},
volume = {291},
number = {2025},
pages = {20241198},
doi = {10.1098/rspb.2024.1198},
pmid = {38889795},
issn = {1471-2954},
}
@article {pmid38889680,
year = {2024},
author = {Gruber-Vodicka, H and Berndt, H and Duarte, I},
title = {Symbiosis: Aquatic apicomplexans shedding light on disguised associations.},
journal = {Current biology : CB},
volume = {34},
number = {12},
pages = {R576-R578},
doi = {10.1016/j.cub.2024.05.003},
pmid = {38889680},
issn = {1879-0445},
mesh = {Animals ; *Symbiosis ; *Anthozoa/physiology ; *Coral Reefs ; *Fishes/physiology ; Phylogeny ; },
abstract = {Aquatic apicomplexans called Corallicolida have been found in tropical and coral-reef settings, infecting many coral species. New data challenge this tropical distribution and expand the corallicolids' range well into the cold temperate. Surprisingly, the sister clade to corallicolids infects only one group of vertebrates - bony fishes.},
}
@article {pmid38888816,
year = {2024},
author = {Ambrosio, R and Burgos Herrera, G and Do Nascimento, M and Pagnussat, LA and Curatti, L},
title = {Competitive fitness and stability of ammonium-excreting Azotobacter vinelandii strains in the soil.},
journal = {Applied microbiology and biotechnology},
volume = {108},
number = {1},
pages = {378},
pmid = {38888816},
issn = {1432-0614},
support = {PICT2015-3559//Fondo para la Investigaci&#xf3;n Cient&#xed;fica y Tecnol&#xf3;gica/ ; PICT2018-3382//Fondo para la Investigaci&#xf3;n Cient&#xed;fica y Tecnol&#xf3;gica/ ; },
mesh = {*Soil Microbiology ; *Azotobacter vinelandii/genetics/metabolism ; *Ammonium Compounds/metabolism ; Nitrogen Fixation ; Nitrogen/metabolism ; Genetic Fitness ; Phenotype ; Soil/chemistry ; Culture Media/chemistry ; Genetic Engineering ; },
abstract = {Non-symbiotic N2-fixation would greatly increase the versatility of N-biofertilizers for sustainable agriculture. Genetic modification of diazotrophic bacteria has successfully enhanced NH4[+] release. In this study, we compared the competitive fitness of A. vinelandii mutant strains, which allowed us to analyze the burden of NH4[+] release under a broad dynamic range. Long-term competition assays under regular culture conditions confirmed a large burden for NH4[+] release, exclusion by the wt strain, phenotypic instability, and loss of the ability to release NH4[+]. In contrast, co-inoculation in mild autoclaved soil showed a much longer co-existence with the wt strain and a stable NH4[+] release phenotype. All genetically modified strains increased the N content and changed its chemical speciation in the soil. This study contributes one step forward towards bridging a knowledge gap between molecular biology laboratory research and the incorporation of N from the air into the soil in a molecular species suitable for plant nutrition, a crucial requirement for developing improved bacterial inoculants for economic and environmentally sustainable agriculture. KEY POINTS: • Genetic engineering for NH4[+] excretion imposes a fitness burden on the culture medium • Large phenotypic instability for NH4[+]-excreting bacteria in culture medium • Lower fitness burden and phenotypic instability for NH4[+]-excreting bacteria in soil.},
}
@article {pmid38886584,
year = {2024},
author = {Chen, W and Wang, D and Ke, S and Cao, Y and Xiang, W and Guo, X and Yang, Q},
title = {A soybean cyst nematode suppresses microbial plant symbionts using a lipochitooligosaccharide-hydrolysing enzyme.},
journal = {Nature microbiology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {38886584},
issn = {2058-5276},
support = {32161133010//National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China)/ ; 32322072, 32272595//National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China)/ ; },
abstract = {Cyst nematodes are the most damaging species of plant-parasitic nematodes. They antagonize the colonization of beneficial microbial symbionts that are important for nutrient acquisition of plants. The molecular mechanism of the antagonism, however, remains elusive. Here, through biochemical combined with structural analysis, we reveal that Heterodera glycines, the most notorious soybean cyst nematode, suppresses symbiosis by secreting an enzyme named HgCht2 to hydrolyse the key symbiotic signalling molecules, lipochitooligosaccharides (LCOs). We solved the three-dimensional structures of apo HgCht2, as well as its chitooligosaccharide-bound and LCO-bound forms. These structures elucidated the substrate binding and hydrolysing mechanism of the enzyme. We designed an HgCht2 inhibitor, 1516b, which successfully suppresses the antagonism of cyst nematodes towards nitrogen-fixing rhizobia and phosphorus-absorbing arbuscular mycorrhizal symbioses. As HgCht2 is phylogenetically conserved across all cyst nematodes, our study revealed a molecular mechanism by which parasitic cyst nematodes antagonize the establishment of microbial symbiosis and provided a small-molecule solution.},
}
@article {pmid38886248,
year = {2024},
author = {Bartels, N and Matthews, JL and Lawson, CA and Possell, M and Hughes, DJ and Raina, JB and Suggett, DJ},
title = {Paired metabolomics and volatilomics provides insight into transient high light stress response mechanisms of the coral Montipora mollis.},
journal = {Metabolomics : Official journal of the Metabolomic Society},
volume = {20},
number = {4},
pages = {66},
pmid = {38886248},
issn = {1573-3890},
mesh = {Animals ; *Anthozoa/metabolism ; *Metabolomics/methods ; *Light ; *Stress, Physiological ; Volatile Organic Compounds/metabolism/analysis ; Photosystem II Protein Complex/metabolism ; },
abstract = {The coral holobiont is underpinned by complex metabolic exchanges between different symbiotic partners, which are impacted by environmental stressors. The chemical diversity of the compounds produced by the holobiont is high and includes primary and secondary metabolites, as well as volatiles. However, metabolites and volatiles have only been characterised in isolation so far. Here, we applied a paired metabolomic-volatilomic approach to characterise holistically the chemical response of the holobiont under stress. Montipora mollis fragments were subjected to high-light stress (8-fold higher than the controls) for 30 min. Photosystem II (PSII) photochemical efficiency values were 7-fold higher in control versus treatment corals immediately following high-light exposure, but returned to pre-stress levels after 30 min of recovery. Under high-light stress, we identified an increase in carbohydrates (> 5-fold increase in arabinose and fructose) and saturated fatty acids (7-fold increase in myristic and oleic acid), together with a decrease in fatty acid derivatives in both metabolites and volatiles (e.g., 80% decrease in oleamide and nonanal), and other antioxidants (~ 85% decrease in sorbitol and galactitol). These changes suggest short-term light stress induces oxidative stress. Correlation analysis between volatiles and metabolites identified positive links between sorbitol, galactitol, six other metabolites and 11 volatiles, with four of these compounds previously identified as antioxidants. This suggests that these 19 compounds may be related and share similar functions. Taken together, our findings demonstrate how paired metabolomics-volatilomics may illuminate broader metabolic shifts occurring under stress and identify linkages between uncharacterised compounds to putatively determine their functions.},
}
@article {pmid38885698,
year = {2024},
author = {Paniagua-López, M and Silva-Castro, GA and Romero-Freire, A and Martín-Peinado, FJ and Sierra-Aragón, M and García-Romera, I},
title = {Integrating waste valorization and symbiotic microorganisms for sustainable bioremediation of metal(loid)-polluted soils.},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {174030},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174030},
pmid = {38885698},
issn = {1879-1026},
abstract = {Remediation strategies for metal(loid)-polluted soils vary among the wide range of approaches, including physical, chemical, and biological remediation, or combinations of these. In this study, we assessed the effectiveness of a set of soil remediation treatments based on the combined application of inorganic (marble sludge) and organic amendments (vermicompost, and dry olive residue [DOR] biotransformed by the saprobic fungi Coriolopsis rigida and Coprinellus radians) and inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMFs) (Rhizophagus irregularis and Rhizoglomus custos). The treatments were applied under greenhouse conditions to soil residually polluted by potentially toxic elements (PTEs) (Pb, As, Zn, Cu, Cd, and Sb), and wheat was grown in the amended soils to test the effectiveness of the treatments in reducing soil toxicity and improving soil conditions and plant performance. Therefore, we evaluated the influence of the treatments on the main soil properties and microbial activities, as well as on PTE availability and bioaccumulation in wheat plants. Overall, the results showed a positive influence of all treatments on the main soil properties. Treatments consisting of a combination of marble and organic amendments, especially biotransformed DOR amendments, showed the greatest effectiveness in improving the soil biological status, promoting plant growth and survival, and reducing PTE availability and plant uptake. Furthermore, AMF inoculation further enhanced the efficacy of DOR amendments by promoting the immobilization of PTEs in soil and stimulating the phytostabilization mechanisms induced by AMFs, thus playing an important bioprotective role in plants. Therefore, our results highlight that biotransformed DOR may represent an efficient product for use as a soil organic amendment when remediating metal(loid)-polluted soils, and that its application in combination with AMFs may represent a promising sustainable bioremediation strategy for recovering soil functions and reducing toxicity in polluted areas.},
}
@article {pmid38884497,
year = {2024},
author = {Han, S and Akhtar, MR and Xia, X},
title = {Functions and regulations of insect gut bacteria.},
journal = {Pest management science},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1002/ps.8261},
pmid = {38884497},
issn = {1526-4998},
support = {31871968//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; MIMCP-202302//Open Project of Fujian Key Laboratory of Crop Pest Monitoring and Control/ ; KFB23024A//Science and Technology Innovation Fund of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University/ ; },
abstract = {The insect gut is a complicated ecosystem that inhabits a large number of symbiotic bacteria. As an important organ of the host insect, the symbiotic bacteria of the insect gut play very important roles in regulating physiological and metabolic processes. Recently, much progress has been made in the study of symbiotic bacteria in insect guts with the development of high-throughput sequencing technology and molecular biology. This review summarizes the primary functions of symbiotic bacteria in insect guts, such as enhancing insecticide resistance, facilitating food digestion, promoting detoxification, and regulating mating behavior and egg hatching. It also addresses some possible pathways of gut bacteria symbiont regulation governed by external habitats, physiological conditions and immunity of the host insect. This review provides solid foundations for further studies on novel theories, new technologies and practical applications of symbiotic bacteria in insect guts. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.},
}
@article {pmid38882486,
year = {2024},
author = {Wu, D and Guan, YX and Li, CH and Zheng, Q and Yin, ZJ and Wang, H and Liu, NN},
title = {"Nutrient-fungi-host" tripartite interaction in cancer progression.},
journal = {iMeta},
volume = {3},
number = {2},
pages = {e170},
pmid = {38882486},
issn = {2770-596X},
abstract = {The human microbiome exhibits a profound connection with the cancer development, progression, and therapeutic response, with particular emphasis on its components of the mycobiome, which are still in the early stages of research. In this review, we comprehensively summarize cancer-related symbiotic and pathogenic fungal genera. The intricate mechanisms through which fungi impact cancer as an integral member of both gut and tissue-resident microbiomes are further discussed. In addition, we shed light on the pivotal physiological roles of various nutrients, including cholesterol, carbohydrates, proteins and minerals, in facilitating the growth, reproduction, and invasive pathogenesis of the fungi. While our exploration of the interplay between nutrients and cancer, mediated by the mycobiome, is ongoing, the current findings have yet to yield conclusive results. Thus, delving into the relationship between nutrients and fungal pathogenesis in cancer development and progression would provide valuable insights into anticancer therapy and foster precision nutrition and individualized treatments that target fungi from bench to bedside.},
}
@article {pmid38881661,
year = {2024},
author = {Huang, Q and Han, W and Posada-Florez, F and Evans, JD},
title = {Microbiomes, diet flexibility, and the spread of a beetle parasite of honey bees.},
journal = {Frontiers in microbiology},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1387248},
pmid = {38881661},
issn = {1664-302X},
abstract = {Invasive pests may disturb and destructively reformat the local ecosystem. The small hive beetle (SHB), Aethina tumida, originated in Africa and has expanded to America, Australia, Europe, and Asia. A key factor facilitating its fast global expansion is its ability to subsist on diverse food inside and outside honey bee colonies. SHBs feed on various plant fruits and exudates in the environment while searching for bee hives. After sneaking into a bee hive, they switch their diet to honey, pollen, and bee larvae. How SHBs survive on such a broad range of food remains unclear. In this study, we simulated the outside and within hive stages by providing banana and hive resources and quantified the SHB associated microbes adjusted by the diet. We found that SHBs fed on bananas were colonized by microbes coding more carbohydrate-active enzymes and a higher alpha diversity than communities from SHBs feeding on hive products or those collected directly from bee hives. SHBs fed on bananas and those collected from the hive showed high symbiont variance, indicated by the beta diversity. Surprisingly, we found the honey bee core symbiont Snodgrassella alvi in the guts of SHBs collected in bee hives. To determine the role of S. alvi in SHB biology, we inoculated SHBs with a genetically tagged culture of S. alvi, showing that this symbiont is a likely transient of SHBs. In contrast, the fungus Kodamaea ohmeri is the primary commensal of SHBs. Diet-based microbiome shifts are likely to play a key role in the spread and success of SHBs.},
}
@article {pmid38879901,
year = {2024},
author = {Zhao, R and Yang, Y and Li, S and Chen, S and Ding, J and Wu, Y and Qu, M and Di, Y},
title = {Comparative study of integrated bio-responses in deep-sea and nearshore mussels upon abiotic condition changes: Insight into distinct regulation and adaptation.},
journal = {Marine environmental research},
volume = {199},
number = {},
pages = {106610},
doi = {10.1016/j.marenvres.2024.106610},
pmid = {38879901},
issn = {1879-0291},
abstract = {Deep-sea mussels, one of the dominant species in most deep-sea ecosystems, have long been used as model organisms to investigate the adaptations and symbiotic relationships of deep-sea macrofauna under laboratory conditions due to their ability to survive under atmospheric pressure. However, the impact of additional abiotic conditions beyond pressure, such as temperature and light, on their physiological characteristics remains unknown. In this study, deep-sea mussels (Gigantidas platifrons) from cold seep of the South China Sea, along with nearshore mussels (Mytilus coruscus) from the East China Sea, were reared in unfavorable abiotic conditions for up to 8 days. Integrated biochemical indexes including antioxidant defense, immune ability and energy metabolism were investigated in the gill and digestive gland, while cytotoxicity was determined in hemocytes of both types of mussels. The results revealed mild bio-responses in two types of mussels in the laboratory, represented by the effective antioxidant defense with constant total antioxidant capability level and malondialdehyde content. There were also disparate adaptations in deep-sea and nearshore mussels. In deep-sea mussels, significantly increased immune response and energy reservation were observed in gills, together with the elevated cytotoxicity in hemocytes, implying the more severe biological adaptation was required, mainly due to the symbiotic bacteria loss under laboratory conditions. On the contrary, insignificant biological responses were exhibited in nearshore mussels except for the increased energy consumption, indicating the trade-off strategy to use more energy to deal with potential stress. Overall, this comparative study highlights the basal bio-responses of deep-sea and nearshore mussels out of their native environments, providing evidence that short-term culture of both mussels under easily achievable laboratory conditions would not dramatically alter their biological status. This finding will assist in broadening the application of deep-sea mussels as model organism in future research regardless of the specialized research equipment.},
}
@article {pmid38879316,
year = {2024},
author = {Liu, Y and Sun, F and Zhong, Y and Wang, Q and Yu, X and Shentu, X},
title = {Effects of imidacloprid combined with validamycin on the population fitness and symbiotic of Nilaparvata lugens (Hemiptera: Delphacidae).},
journal = {Pesticide biochemistry and physiology},
volume = {202},
number = {},
pages = {105973},
doi = {10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.105973},
pmid = {38879316},
issn = {1095-9939},
mesh = {Animals ; *Hemiptera/drug effects ; *Neonicotinoids/pharmacology ; *Nitro Compounds/pharmacology ; *Symbiosis ; *Insecticides/pharmacology ; Inositol/analogs &amp; derivatives/pharmacology ; Imidazoles/pharmacology ; Fungicides, Industrial/pharmacology ; },
abstract = {Using a high-efficiency insecticide in combination with fungicides that have different mechanisms of action is a conventional method in the current management of brown planthopper (BPH) resistance. In this study, we investigate the separate and combined effects of the low-toxicity fungicide validamycin and the non-cross-resistant insecticide imidacloprid on the fitness and symbiosis of BPH. These research results indicate that when the proportion of active ingredients in validamycin is combined with imidacloprid at a ratio of 1:30, the toxicity ratio and co-toxicity coefficient are 1.34 and 691.73, respectively, suggesting that the combination has a synergistic effect on the control of BPH. The number of yeast-like symbiotic (YLS) and dominant symbiotic (Noda) in the imidacloprid + validamycin groups were significantly lower than the other three treatment groups (validamycin, imidacloprid, and water). The results of the study on population fitness show that the lifespan of the BPH population in validamycin, imidacloprid, and imidacloprid + validamycin was shortened. Notably, the BPH populations in the imidacloprid + validamycin groups were significantly lower than other groups in terms of average generation cycle, intrinsic growth rate, net reproduction rate, finite rate of increase, and fitness. The Real-time quantitative PCR showed that validamycin and imidacloprid + validamycin can significantly inhibit the expression of the farnesyl diphosphate farnesyl transferase gene (EC2.5.1.21) and uricase gene (EC1.7.3.3), with imidacloprid + validamycin demonstrating the most pronounced inhibitory effect. Our research results can provide insights and approaches for delaying resistance and integrated management of BPH.},
}
@article {pmid38879018,
year = {2024},
author = {Cinardi, G and D'Urso, PR and Arcidiacono, C and Ingrao, C},
title = {Accounting of circular economy principles in Life Cycle Assessments of extra-virgin olive oil supply chains - Findings from a systematic literature review.},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {173977},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173977},
pmid = {38879018},
issn = {1879-1026},
abstract = {This study was conceived with the aim of exploring applications of the circular economy (CE) principles in the olive oil sector, with the lens of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). To that end, the authors performed a systematic literature review (SLR), from a pre-determined set of keywords that were searched for in the two most comprehensive databases of peer-reviewed journals, namely Scopus and Web-of-Science. From the screening process provided by the PRISMA model, a total of fifteen papers were selected that formed the final review sample, most of which included research on production systems in the Mediterranean region. To facilitate a comparative analysis of the findings from those studies, the latter were grouped into clusters, considering their characteristics and methodological approaches. Five articles were classified as dealing with 'closed-loop' systems wherein the resources from the valorisation of by-products were reintegrated into the same production system. The remaining articles were categorised as related to 'open loop' systems since by-products were utilised in processes and systems outside olive oil production. Notably, the 'closed-loop' systems showed the best LCA outcomes. Identified hotspots within the sector included the agricultural and packaging phases. Although comparing LCA applications is challenging due to the inherent nature of the method and researcher autonomy in selecting basic characteristics, valuable best practices emerged from the analysis of the current state of the art. These practices included valorisation of olive pomace (OP) by converting it into biogas to meet the energy needs of the system processes themselves, the collection of waste cooking oil to convert it into biodiesel, and the use of organic farming techniques in olive production. OP oil extraction emerged as a widespread practice enhancing system sustainability. Moreover, increasing industrial symbiosis by promoting proximity amongst plants was documented by this SLR to be a key factor in strengthening system sustainability.},
}
@article {pmid38877601,
year = {2024},
author = {Del Pilar Angarita-Díaz, M and Fong, C and Medina, D},
title = {Bacteria of healthy periodontal tissues as candidates of probiotics: a systematic review.},
journal = {European journal of medical research},
volume = {29},
number = {1},
pages = {328},
pmid = {38877601},
issn = {2047-783X},
support = {INV3011//Universidad Cooperativa de &#x200b;Colo&#x200b;mb&#x200b;ia/ ; INV1506//Universidad Cooperativa de &#x200b;Colombia , Colombia/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *Probiotics/therapeutic use ; *Periodontium/microbiology ; Periodontitis/microbiology ; Bacteria/genetics/classification/isolation &amp; purification ; Microbiota ; },
abstract = {OBJECTIVES: The use of probiotics could promote the balance of the subgingival microbiota to contribute to periodontal health. This study aimed to identify the potential of bacteria commonly associated with healthy periodontal tissues as probiotic candidates.<br><br>MATERIAL AND METHODS: A systematic review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines using the PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, ProQuest, and Ovid databases as well as the combination of Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) and non-MeSH terms. Based on the selection criteria, original studies published in English and identifying the microorganisms present in the periodontium of healthy individuals and patients with periodontitis using the high-throughput 16S ribosomal gene sequencing technique were included.<br><br>RESULTS: Out of 659 articles, 12 met the criteria for this review. These articles were published from 2012 to 2020 and mainly originated from the United States, China, and Spain. Most of these studies reported adequate criteria for selecting participants, using standardized clinical criteria, and compliance with quality based on the tools used. In periodontal healthy tissue were identified species like Actinomyces viscosus, Actinomyces naeslundii, Haemophilus parainfluenzae, Rothia dentocariosa, Streptococcus sanguinis, Streptococcus mitis, Streptococcus oralis, Streptococcus gordonii, Streptococcus intermedius, and Prevotella nigrescens which have recognized strains with a capacity to inhibit periodontopathogens.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: S. sanguinis, S. oralis, S. mitis, and S. gordonii are among the bacterial species proposed as potential probiotics because some strains can inhibit periodontopathogens and have been reported as safe for humans.},
}
@article {pmid38876345,
year = {2024},
author = {Li, MY and Wang, W and Mo, F and Ren, AT and Wang, ZY and Zhu, Y and Xiong, YC},
title = {Seven-year long-term inoculation with Funneliformis mosseae increases maize yield and soil carbon storage evidenced by in situ [13]C-labeling in a dryland.},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
volume = {944},
number = {},
pages = {173975},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173975},
pmid = {38876345},
issn = {1879-1026},
abstract = {Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) establish symbiotic relationships with roots of most plants, contributing to plant water uptake and soil carbon (C) sequestration. However, the interactive contribution and of long-term field AMF inoculation and water conservation on maize yield and soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration in drylands remain largely unknown. After 7-year long-term field inoculation with AMF Funneliformis mosseae, AMF suppression by fungicide benomyl, and no-AMF/no-benomyl control, and two water conservation practices of half-film and full-film mulching (∼50 % and ∼100 crop planted area covered with plastic film), this study thus applied in situ [13]CO2-C labeling and high-throughput sequencing to quantify newly photosynthetically assimilated C into different soil C pools including soil aggregates and respiration, and their effects on maize growth and productivity. Results showed that 7-year long-term AMF inoculation significantly increased the relative abundance of F. mosseae in rhizosphere soil and root AMF colonization, indicating that F. mosseae successfully dominated in AMF communities. Compared to no-AMF/no-benomyl control, AMF colonization significantly increased shoot biomass and maize yield by 17.9 % and 20.3 % while mitigated the less water conservation effects of half-film mulching on maize performance. The SOC content under field AMF inoculation SOC was increased from 7.9 to 8.4 g kg[-1] and also the mean weight diameter of aggregates (1.21 to 1.35), e.g. aggregate stability. After 1 and/or 40 days [13]C labeling, the enhanced [13]C translocations into macro-aggregates with decreased [13]C emissions from microbial decomposition under field AMF inoculation had contributed to SOC conservation in bulk soil. These results suggest that AMF inoculation in dryland crops is promising to increase crop yield while promoting more atmospheric CO2 fixation in soil aggregates. A long-term field AMF inoculation will enhance our understanding of applying beneficial mycorrhizal fungi to enhance soil C sequestration and also crop yield via plant-fixed atmospheric CO2 in semi-arid and arid farmlands.},
}
@article {pmid38876287,
year = {2024},
author = {Wang, Z and Liu, Z and Wang, J and Zhao, D and Wei, J and Peng, Y and Miao, L},
title = {Characterizing algal-bacterial symbiotic biofilms: Insights into coexistence of algae and anaerobic microorganisms.},
journal = {Bioresource technology},
volume = {406},
number = {},
pages = {130966},
doi = {10.1016/j.biortech.2024.130966},
pmid = {38876287},
issn = {1873-2976},
abstract = {This study constructed an integrated algae/partial nitrification/anammox biofilm system and operated it for 240 days. The total nitrogen removal efficiency exceeded 90 %. The structure, compositions, and function of this symbiotic biofilm, which played a pivotal role in the system, were analyzed in detail. Microscope photos and fluorescence in situ hybridization both showed that bacteria and algae were well integrated. The dissolved oxygen gradient further confirmed that different functional microorganisms grew at varying depths within biofilm. Algae formed an oxygen-producing zone (0-0.48 mm), followed by ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) consuming oxygen to form an oxygen-consuming zone (0.48-0.86 mm), and anaerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AnAOB) removed nitrogen in anaerobic zone (>0.86 mm). Chlorella, Nitrosomonas and Candidatus_Kuenenia were identified as the dominant algae, AOB and AnAOB, with relative abundances of 11.80 %, 19.77 % and 3.07 %, respectively. This layered biofilm benefitted providing a suitable environment for various microorganisms to survive within a complex biofilm.},
}
@article {pmid38876018,
year = {2024},
author = {Wu, J and Wu, Z and Yu, T and Zhang, J and Zhang, Z and Wang, H and Zheng, Y and Yang, J and Wu, Y},
title = {Polyvinyl chloride and polybutylene adipate microplastics affect peanut and rhizobium symbiosis by interfering with multiple metabolic pathways.},
journal = {Journal of hazardous materials},
volume = {475},
number = {},
pages = {134897},
doi = {10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134897},
pmid = {38876018},
issn = {1873-3336},
abstract = {Microplastics (MPs), widely presented in cultivated soil, have caused serious stresses on crop growth. However, the mechanism by which MPs affect legumes and rhizobia symbiosis is still unclear. Here, peanut seedlings were inoculated with Bradyrhizobium zhanjiangense CCBAU 51778 and were grown in vermiculite with 3 %/5 % (w/w) addition of PVC (polyvinyl chloride)-MPs/PBAT (polybutylene adipate)-MPs. PVC-MPs and PBAT-MPs separately decreased nodule number by 33-100 % and 2.62-80.91 %. Transcriptome analysis showed that PVC-MPs affected more DEGs (differentially expressed genes) than PBAT-MPs, indicating PVC-MPs were more devastating for the symbiosis than PBAT-MPs. Functional annotation revealed that PVC-MPs and PBAT-MPs enriched DEGs related to biosynthesis pathways such as flavonoid, isoflavonoid, and phenylpropanoid, in peanut. And when the dose increased from 3 % to 5 %, PVC-MPs mainly enriched the pathways of starch and sucrose metabolism, alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism, diterpenoid biosynthesis, etc.; PBAT-MPs enriched cysteine and methionine metabolism, photosynthesis, MAPK signaling, and other pathways. These significantly enriched pathways functioned in reducing nodule number and promoting peanut tolerance to MPs stresses. This study reveals the effect of PVC-MPs and PBAT-MPs on peanut and rhizobium symbiosis, and provides new perspectives for legume production and environmental safety.},
}
@article {pmid38875733,
year = {2024},
author = {Pawlowska, TE},
title = {Symbioses between fungi and bacteria: from mechanisms to impacts on biodiversity.},
journal = {Current opinion in microbiology},
volume = {80},
number = {},
pages = {102496},
doi = {10.1016/j.mib.2024.102496},
pmid = {38875733},
issn = {1879-0364},
abstract = {Symbiotic interactions between fungi and bacteria range from positive to negative. They are ubiquitous in free-living as well as host-associated microbial communities worldwide. Yet, the impact of fungal-bacterial symbioses on the organization and dynamics of microbial communities is uncertain. There are two reasons for this uncertainty: (1) knowledge gaps in the understanding of the genetic mechanisms underpinning fungal-bacterial symbioses and (2) prevailing interpretations of ecological theory that favor antagonistic interactions as drivers stabilizing biological communities despite the existence of models emphasizing contributions of positive interactions. This review synthesizes information on fungal-bacterial symbioses common in the free-living microbial communities of the soil as well as in host-associated polymicrobial biofilms. The interdomain partnerships are considered in the context of the relevant community ecology models, which are discussed critically.},
}
@article {pmid38875327,
year = {2024},
author = {Meyer, AR and Koch, NM and McDonald, T and Stanton, DE},
title = {Symbionts out of sync: Decoupled physiological responses are widespread and ecologically important in lichen associations.},
journal = {Science advances},
volume = {10},
number = {24},
pages = {eado2783},
pmid = {38875327},
issn = {2375-2548},
mesh = {*Lichens/physiology/metabolism ; *Symbiosis ; Carbon/metabolism ; Ecosystem ; },
abstract = {A core vulnerability in symbioses is the need for coordination between the symbiotic partners, which are often assumed to be closely physiologically integrated. We critically re-examine this assumed integration between symbionts in lichen symbioses, recovering a long overlooked yet fundamental physiological asymmetry in carbon balance. We examine the physiological, ecological, and transcriptional basis of this asymmetry in the lichen Evernia mesomorpha. This carbon balance asymmetry depends on hydration source and aligns with climatic range limits. Differences in gene expression across the E. mesomorpha symbiosis suggest that the physiologies of the primary lichen symbionts are decoupled. Furthermore, we use gas exchange data to show that asymmetries in carbon balance are widespread and common across evolutionarily disparate lichen associations. Using carbon balance asymmetry as an example, we provide evidence for the wide-ranging importance of physiological asymmetries in symbioses.},
}
@article {pmid38874906,
year = {2024},
author = {Sheoran, M},
title = {Audre Lorde and queer ecology: An ecological praxis of Black lesbian identity in Zami.},
journal = {Journal of lesbian studies},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-19},
doi = {10.1080/10894160.2024.2362115},
pmid = {38874906},
issn = {1540-3548},
abstract = {This paper employs Audre Lorde's theoretical paradigm of anti-binarism and ecofeminism to explore her creation of a distinctive queer space which is achieved through the successful incorporation of ecological elements in her narrative of lesbianism. The central premise of this research lies in the intersection of lesbian concerns and the environmental sensibility in Lorde's novel, Zami. The detailed analysis of instances of lesbian lovemaking interspersed with ecological references in Zami reveals a close connection between environment and queer sexuality, realised in the phrase "queer ecology". This study investigates how the erotic contours of Lorde's lesbian identity are shaped by her sustained engagement with the environmental metaphor derived from her immediate surroundings as well as the geography of her ancestral Grenadian island where the Zami myth originates. The cartographies of the physical landscape of Grenada and Black lesbian bodies intersect to form a combined ethos of lesbian eroticism driven by a strong rootedness in ecological affiliation. Through close examination of Afrekete's role in Zami's lesbian erotics, this paper activates a distinctive queer-ecological reading of lesbian relationships derived from a combination of aquatic, green, and edible metaphors. This article is an endeavour to bring about a sustained engagement of queer and environmental concerns by unravelling a symbiotic relationship between the two.},
}
@article {pmid38874676,
year = {2024},
author = {Lee, CY and Lee, SY},
title = {Contribution of Aerobic Cellulolytic Gut Bacteria to Cellulose Digestion in Fifteen Coastal Grapsoid Crabs Underpins Potential for Mineralization of Mangrove Production.},
journal = {Current microbiology},
volume = {81},
number = {8},
pages = {224},
pmid = {38874676},
issn = {1432-0991},
mesh = {Animals ; *Cellulose/metabolism ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; *Wetlands ; Brachyura/microbiology ; Bacteria, Aerobic/metabolism/physiology ; Cellulase/metabolism ; Symbiosis ; Gastrointestinal Tract/microbiology ; Carbon/metabolism ; },
abstract = {Grapsoid crabs (Decapoda: Grapsoidea) inhabiting along the land-sea transition provided various amounts and quality of vascular plant carbon (e.g., fresh mangrove leaf, leaf litter, and mangrove-derived organic carbon) and perform differing levels of herbivory. Other than endogenous cellulase, symbiotic cellulolytic bacteria could also contribute to the crabs' vascular plant carbon assimilation and mineralization. In this study, we isolated culturable cellulolytic bacteria from three gut regions (i.e., stomach, midgut, and hindgut) of 15 species of grapsoid crabs that inhabit in various coastal habitats (i.e., land margin, mangrove forest, tidal flat, and subtidal area). Bacillus, which was isolated from 11 out of the 15 grapsoid crabs, was the most common genus of culturable prominently cellulolytic bacteria among the target species. Seventy to ninety nine percent of culturable cellulolytic bacteria were removed, and the endoglucanase activity of five species was significantly reduced by 14.4-27.7% after antibiotic treatment. These results suggest that cellulolytic bacteria play a role in assisting mangrove carbon utilization in coastal grapsoid crabs, especially those inhabiting mangrove, mudflat, and subtidal areas. The significantly higher abundance of cellulolytic bacteria and the generally higher hydrolytic capacity of the bacteria in mangrove crab species suggest that they receive more contribution from symbionts for mangrove carbon utilization, while semi-terrestrial crabs seem to depend little on symbiotic cellulase due to the lower abundances.},
}
@article {pmid38874337,
year = {2024},
author = {Boas Lichty, KE and Loughran, RM and Ushijima, B and Richards, GP and Boyd, EF},
title = {Osmotic stress response of the coral and oyster pathogen Vibrio coralliilyticus: acquisition of catabolism gene clusters for the compatible solute and signaling molecule myo-inositol.},
journal = {Applied and environmental microbiology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e0092024},
doi = {10.1128/aem.00920-24},
pmid = {38874337},
issn = {1098-5336},
abstract = {Marine bacteria experience fluctuations in osmolarity that they must adapt to, and most bacteria respond to high osmolarity by accumulating compatible solutes also known as osmolytes. The osmotic stress response and compatible solutes used by the coral and oyster pathogen Vibrio coralliilyticus were unknown. In this study, we showed that to alleviate osmotic stress V. coralliilyticus biosynthesized glycine betaine (GB) and transported into the cell choline, GB, ectoine, dimethylglycine, and dimethylsulfoniopropionate, but not myo-inositol. Myo-inositol is a stress protectant and a signaling molecule that is biosynthesized and used by algae. Bioinformatics identified myo-inositol (iol) catabolism clusters in V. coralliilyticus and other Vibrio, Photobacterium, Grimontia, and Enterovibrio species. Growth pattern analysis demonstrated that V. coralliilyticus utilized myo-inositol as a sole carbon source, with a short lag time of 3 h. An iolG deletion mutant, which encodes an inositol dehydrogenase, was unable to grow on myo-inositol. Within the iol clusters were an MFS-type (iolT1) and an ABC-type (iolXYZ) transporter and analyses showed that both transported myo-inositol. IolG and IolA phylogeny among Vibrionaceae species showed different evolutionary histories indicating multiple acquisition events. Outside of Vibrionaceae, IolG was most closely related to IolG from a small group of Aeromonas fish and human pathogens and Providencia species. However, IolG from hypervirulent A. hydrophila strains clustered with IolG from Enterobacter, and divergently from Pectobacterium, Brenneria, and Dickeya plant pathogens. The iol cluster was also present within Aliiroseovarius, Burkholderia, Endozoicomonas, Halomonas, Labrenzia, Marinomonas, Marinobacterium, Cobetia, Pantoea, and Pseudomonas, of which many species were associated with marine flora and fauna.IMPORTANCEHost associated bacteria such as Vibrio coralliilyticus encounter competition for nutrients and have evolved metabolic strategies to better compete for food. Emerging studies show that myo-inositol is exchanged in the coral-algae symbiosis, is likely involved in signaling, but is also an osmolyte in algae. The bacterial consumption of myo-inositol could contribute to a breakdown of the coral-algae symbiosis during thermal stress or disrupt the coral microbiome. Phylogenetic analyses showed that the evolutionary history of myo-inositol metabolism is complex, acquired multiple times in Vibrio, but acquired once in many bacterial plant pathogens. Further analysis also showed that a conserved iol cluster is prevalent among many marine species (commensals, mutualists, and pathogens) associated with marine flora and fauna, algae, sponges, corals, molluscs, crustaceans, and fish.},
}
@article {pmid38874172,
year = {2024},
author = {Wierz, JC and Dirksen, P and Kirsch, R and Krüsemer, R and Weiss, B and Pauchet, Y and Engl, T and Kaltenpoth, M},
title = {Intracellular symbiont Symbiodolus is vertically transmitted and widespread across insect orders.},
journal = {The ISME journal},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/ismejo/wrae099},
pmid = {38874172},
issn = {1751-7370},
abstract = {Insects engage in manifold interactions with bacteria that can shift along the parasitism-mutualism continuum. However, only a small number of bacterial taxa managed to successfully colonize a wide diversity of insects, by evolving mechanisms for host-cell entry, immune evasion, germline tropism, reproductive manipulation, and/or by providing benefits to the host that stabilize the symbiotic association. Here we report on the discovery of an Enterobacterales endosymbiont (Symbiodolus, type species S. clandestinus) that is widespread across at least six insect orders and occurs at high prevalence within host populations. Fluorescence in situ hybridization in several Coleopteran and one Dipteran species revealed Symbiodolus' intracellular presence in all host life stages and across tissues, with a high abundance in female ovaries, indicating transovarial vertical transmission. Symbiont genome sequencing across 16 host taxa revealed a high degree of functional conservation in the eroding and transposon-rich genomes. All sequenced Symbiodolus genomes encode for multiple secretion systems, alongside effectors and toxin-antitoxin systems, which likely facilitate host-cell entry and interactions with the host. However, Symbiodolus-infected insects show no obvious signs of disease, and biosynthetic pathways for several amino acids and cofactors encoded by the bacterial genomes suggest that the symbionts may also be able to provide benefits to the hosts. A lack of host-symbiont cospeciation provides evidence for occasional horizontal transmission, so Symbiodolus' success is likely based on a mixed transmission mode. Our findings uncover a hitherto undescribed and widespread insect endosymbiont that may present valuable opportunities to unravel the molecular underpinnings of symbiosis establishment and maintenance.},
}
@article {pmid38873945,
year = {2024},
author = {Ahuja, S and Sureka, N and Zaheer, S},
title = {Unraveling the intricacies of cancer-associated fibroblasts: a comprehensive review on metabolic reprogramming and tumor microenvironment crosstalk.},
journal = {APMIS : acta pathologica, microbiologica, et immunologica Scandinavica},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/apm.13447},
pmid = {38873945},
issn = {1600-0463},
abstract = {Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are crucial component of tumor microenvironment (TME) which undergo significant phenotypic changes and metabolic reprogramming, profoundly impacting tumor growth. This review delves into CAF plasticity, diverse origins, and the molecular mechanisms driving their continuous activation. Emphasis is placed on the intricate bidirectional crosstalk between CAFs and tumor cells, promoting cancer cell survival, proliferation, invasion, and immune evasion. Metabolic reprogramming, a cancer hallmark, extends beyond cancer cells to CAFs, contributing to the complex metabolic interplay within the TME. The 'reverse Warburg effect' in CAFs mirrors the Warburg effect, involving the export of high-energy substrates to fuel cancer cells, supporting their rapid proliferation. Molecular regulations by key players like p53, Myc, and K-RAS orchestrate this metabolic adaptation. Understanding the metabolic symbiosis between CAFs and tumor cells opens avenues for targeted therapeutic strategies to disrupt this dynamic crosstalk. Unraveling CAF-mediated metabolic reprogramming provides valuable insights for developing novel anticancer therapies. This comprehensive review consolidates current knowledge, shedding light on CAFs' multifaceted roles in the TME and offering potential targets for future therapies.},
}
@article {pmid38873568,
year = {2024},
author = {Shang, Z and Pai, L and Patil, S},
title = {Unveiling the dynamics of gut microbial interactions: a review of dietary impact and precision nutrition in gastrointestinal health.},
journal = {Frontiers in nutrition},
volume = {11},
number = {},
pages = {1395664},
pmid = {38873568},
issn = {2296-861X},
abstract = {The human microbiome, a dynamic ecosystem within the gastrointestinal tract, plays a pivotal role in shaping overall health. This review delves into six interconnected sections, unraveling the intricate relationship between diet, gut microbiota, and their profound impact on human health. The dance of nutrients in the gut orchestrates a complex symphony, influencing digestive processes and susceptibility to gastrointestinal disorders. Emphasizing the bidirectional communication between the gut and the brain, the Brain-Gut Axis section highlights the crucial role of dietary choices in physical, mental, and emotional well-being. Autoimmune diseases, particularly those manifesting in the gastrointestinal tract, reveal the delicate balance disrupted by gut microbiome imbalances. Strategies for reconciling gut microbes through diets, precision nutrition, and clinical indications showcase promising avenues for managing gastrointestinal distress and revolutionizing healthcare. From the Low-FODMAP diet to neuro-gut interventions, these strategies provide a holistic understanding of the gut's dynamic world. Precision nutrition, as a groundbreaking discipline, holds transformative potential by tailoring dietary recommendations to individual gut microbiota compositions, reshaping the landscape of gastrointestinal health. Recent advancements in clinical indications, including exact probiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation, and neuro-gut interventions, signify a new era where the gut microbiome actively participates in therapeutic strategies. As the microbiome takes center stage in healthcare, a paradigm shift toward personalized and effective treatments for gastrointestinal disorders emerges, reflecting the symbiotic relationship between the human body and its microbial companions.},
}
@article {pmid38873137,
year = {2024},
author = {Mondal, S and Biswas, B and Chowdhury, R and Sengupta, R and Mandal, A and Kotal, HN and Giri, CK and Ghosh, A and Saha, S and Begam, MM and Mukherjee, C and Das, I and Basak, SK and Mitra Ghosh, M and Ray, K},
title = {Estuarine mangrove niches select cultivable heterotrophic diazotrophs with diverse metabolic potentials-a prospective cross-dialog for functional diazotrophy.},
journal = {Frontiers in microbiology},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1324188},
pmid = {38873137},
issn = {1664-302X},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Biological nitrogen fixation (BNF), an unparalleled metabolic novelty among living microorganisms on earth, globally contributes ~88-101 Tg N year[-1] to natural ecosystems, ~56% sourced from symbiotic BNF while ~22-45% derived from free-living nitrogen fixers (FLNF). The success of symbiotic BNF is largely dependent on its interaction with host-plant, however ubiquitous environmental heterotrophic FLNFs face many limitations in their immediate ecological niches to sustain unhindered BNF. The autotrophic FLNFs like cyanobacteria and oceanic heterotrophic diazotrophs have been well studied about their contrivances acclimated/adapted by these organisms to outwit the environmental constraints for functional diazotrophy. However, FLNF heterotrophs face more adversity in executing BNF under stressful estuarine/marine/aquatic habitats.<br><br>METHODS: In this study a large-scale cultivation-dependent investigation was accomplished with 190 NCBI accessioned and 45 non-accessioned heterotrophic FLNF cultivable bacterial isolates (total 235) from halophilic estuarine intertidal mangrove niches of Indian Sundarbans, a Ramsar site and UNESCO proclaimed World Heritage Site. Assuming ~1% culturability of the microbial community, the respective niches were also studied for representing actual bacterial diversity via cultivation-independent next-generation sequencing of V3-V4 rRNA regions.<br><br>RESULTS: Both the studies revealed a higher abundance of culturable Gammaproteobacteria followed by Firmicutes, the majority of 235 FLNFs studied belonging to these two classes. The FLNFs displayed comparable selection potential in media for free nitrogen fixers and iron-oxidizing bacteria, linking diazotrophy with iron oxidation, siderophore production, phosphorus solubilization, phosphorus uptake and accumulation as well as denitrification.<br><br>DISCUSSION: This observation validated the hypothesis that under extreme estuarine mangrove niches, diazotrophs are naturally selected as a specialized multidimensional entity, to expedite BNF and survive. Earlier metagenome data from mangrove niches demonstrated a microbial metabolic coupling among C, N, P, S, and Fe cycling in mangrove sediments, as an adaptive trait, evident with the co-abundant respective functional genes, which corroborates our findings in cultivation mode for multiple interrelated metabolic potential facilitating BNF in a challenging intertidal mangrove environment.},
}
@article {pmid38873029,
year = {2024},
author = {Ratinskaia, L and Malavin, S and Zvi-Kedem, T and Vintila, S and Kleiner, M and Rubin-Blum, M},
title = {Metabolically-versatile Ca. Thiodiazotropha symbionts of the deep-sea lucinid clam Lucinoma kazani have the genetic potential to fix nitrogen.},
journal = {ISME communications},
volume = {4},
number = {1},
pages = {ycae076},
pmid = {38873029},
issn = {2730-6151},
abstract = {Lucinid clams are one of the most diverse and widespread symbiont-bearing animal groups in both shallow and deep-sea chemosynthetic habitats. Lucinids harbor Ca. Thiodiazotropha symbionts that can oxidize inorganic and organic substrates such as hydrogen sulfide and formate to gain energy. The interplay between these key metabolic functions, nutrient uptake and biotic interactions in Ca. Thiodiazotropha is not fully understood. We collected Lucinoma kazani individuals from next to a deep-sea brine pool in the eastern Mediterranean Sea, at a depth of 1150 m and used Oxford Nanopore and Illumina sequencing to obtain high-quality genomes of their Ca. Thiodiazotropha gloverae symbiont. The genomes served as the basis for transcriptomic and proteomic analyses to characterize the in situ gene expression, metabolism and physiology of the symbionts. We found genes needed for N2 fixation in the deep-sea symbiont's genome, which, to date, were only found in shallow-water Ca. Thiodiazotropha. However, we did not detect the expression of these genes and thus the potential role of nitrogen fixation in this symbiosis remains to be determined. We also found the high expression of carbon fixation and sulfur oxidation genes, which indicate chemolithoautotrophy as the key physiology of Ca. Thiodiazotropha. However, we also detected the expression of pathways for using methanol and formate as energy sources. Our findings highlight the key traits these microbes maintain to support the nutrition of their hosts and interact with them.},
}
@article {pmid38871329,
year = {2024},
author = {Li, J and Li, W and Huang, Y and Bu, H and Zhang, K and Lin, S},
title = {Phosphorus limitation intensifies heat-stress effects on the potential mutualistic capacity in the coral-derived Symbiodinium.},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {173912},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173912},
pmid = {38871329},
issn = {1879-1026},
abstract = {Coral reef ecosystems have been severely ravaged by global warming and eutrophication. Eutrophication often originates from nitrogen (N) overloading that creates stoichiometric phosphorus (P) limitation, which can be aggravated by sea surface temperature rises that enhances stratification. However, how P-limitation interacts with thermal stress to impact coral-Symbiodiniaceae mutualism is poorly understood and underexplored. Here, we investigated the effect of P-limitation (P-depleted vs. P-replete) superimposed on heat stress (31 °C vs. 25 °C) on a Symbiodinium strain newly isolated from the coral host by a 14-day incubation experiment. The heat and P-limitation co-stress induced an increase in alkaline phosphatase activity and reppressed cell division, photosynthetic efficiency, and expression of N uptake and assimilation genes. Moreover, P limitation intensified downregulation of carbon fixation (light and dark reaction) and metabolism (glycolysis) pathways in heat stressed Symbiodinium. Notably, co-stress elicited a marked transcriptional downregulation of genes encoding photosynthates transporters and microbe-associated molecular patterns, potentially undermining the mutualism potential. This work sheds light on the interactive effects of P-limitation and heat stress on coral symbionts, indicating that nutrient imbalance in the coral reef ecosystem can intensify heat-stress effects on the mutualistic capacity of Symbiodiniaceae.},
}
@article {pmid38871313,
year = {2024},
author = {Guan, X and Jia, D and Liu, X and Ding, C and Guo, J and Yao, M and Zhang, Z and Zhou, M and Sun, J},
title = {Combined influence of the nanoplastics and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons exposure on microbial community in seawater environment.},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {173772},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173772},
pmid = {38871313},
issn = {1879-1026},
abstract = {Nanoplastics (NPs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are recognized as persistent organic pollutant (POPs) with demonstrated physiological toxicity. When present in aquatic environments, the two pollutants could combine with each other, resulting in cumulative toxicity to organisms. However, the combined impact of NPs and PAHs on microorganisms in seawater is not well understood. In this study, we conducted an exposure experiment to investigate the individual and synergistic effects of NPs and PAHs on the composition, biodiversity, co-occurrence networks of bacterial communities in seawater. Exposure of individuals to PAHs led to a reduction in microbial community richness, but an increase in the relative abundance of species linked to PAHs degradation. These PAHs-degradation bacteria acting as keystone species, maintained a microbial network complexity similar to that of the control treatment. Exposure to individual NPs resulted in a reduction in the complexity of microbial networks. Furthermore, when PAHs and NPs were simultaneously present, the toxic effect of NPs hindered the presence of keystone species involved in PAHs degradation, subsequently limiting the degradation of PAHs by marine microorganisms, resulting in a decrease in community diversity and symbiotic network complexity. This situation potentially poses a heightened threat to the ecological stability of marine ecosystems. Our work strengthened the understanding of the combined impact of NPs and PAHs on microorganisms in seawater.},
}
@article {pmid38869802,
year = {2024},
author = {Yaish, MW},
title = {Functional Characterization and Localization of Plant-Growth Promoting Bacteria Grown Under Stressful Conditions.},
journal = {Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)},
volume = {2832},
number = {},
pages = {257-279},
pmid = {38869802},
issn = {1940-6029},
mesh = {*Stress, Physiological ; *Bacteria/growth &amp; development/metabolism ; *Plant Roots/microbiology/growth &amp; development ; *Plant Growth Regulators/metabolism ; *Plant Development ; Indoleacetic Acids/metabolism ; Symbiosis ; Plants/microbiology/metabolism ; Soil Microbiology ; Gibberellins/metabolism ; Volatile Organic Compounds/metabolism ; },
abstract = {Various bacterial species are associated with plant roots. However, symbiotic and free-living plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) can only help plants to grow and develop under normal and stressful conditions. Several biochemical and in vitro assays were previously designed to differentiate between the PGPB and other plant-associated bacterial strains. This chapter describes and summarizes some of these assays and proposes a strategy to screen for PGPB. To determine the involvement of the PGPB in abiotic stress tolerance, assays for the ability to produce 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) deaminase, ammonium, gibberellic acid (GA), indole acetic acid (IAA), and microbial volatile organic compounds (mVOCs) are described in this chapter. Additionally, assays to show the capacity to solubilize micronutrients such as potassium, phosphorus, and zinc by bacteria were also summarized in this chapter. To determine the contribution of the PGPB in biotic stress tolerance in plants, Fe-siderophore, hydrogen cyanide, and antibiotic and antifungal metabolites production assays were described. Moreover, assays to investigate the growth-promotion activities of a bacterium strain on plants, using the gnotobiotic root elongation, in vitro, and pots assays, were explained. Finally, an assay for the localization of endophytic bacterium in plant tissues was also presented in this chapter. Although the assays described in this chapter can give evidence of the nature of the mechanism behind the PGPB actions, other unknown growth-promoting means are yet to decipher, and until then, new methodologies will be developed.},
}
@article {pmid38868220,
year = {2023},
author = {Wang, HR and Du, XR and Zhang, ZY and Feng, FJ and Zhang, JM},
title = {Rhizosphere interface microbiome reassembly by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi weakens cadmium migration dynamics.},
journal = {iMeta},
volume = {2},
number = {4},
pages = {e133},
pmid = {38868220},
issn = {2770-596X},
abstract = {The prevalence of cadmium (Cd)-polluted agricultural soils is increasing globally, and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can reduce the absorption of heavy metals by plants and improve mineral nutrition. However, the immobilization of the rhizosphere on cadmium is often overlooked. In this study, Glomus mosseae and Medicago sativa were established as symbiotes, and Cd migration and environmental properties in the rhizosphere were analyzed. AMF reduced Cd migration, and Cd[2+] changed to an organic-bound state. AMF symbiosis treatment and Cd exposure resulted in microbial community variation, exhibiting a distinct deterministic process (|βNTI| > 2), which ultimately resulted in a core microbiome function of heavy metal resistance and nutrient cycling. AMF increased available N and P, extracellular enzyme activity (LaC, LiP, and CAT), organic matter content (TOC, EOC, and GRSP), and Eh of the rhizosphere soil, significantly correlating with decreased Cd migration (p < 0.05). Furthermore, AMF significantly affected root metabolism by upregulating 739 metabolites, with flavonoids being the main factor causing microbiome variation. The structural equation model and variance partial analysis revealed that the superposition of the root metabolites, microbial, and soil exhibited the maximum explanation rate for Cd migration reduction (42.4%), and the microbial model had the highest single explanation rate (15.5%). Thus, the AMF in the rhizosphere microenvironment can regulate metabolite-soil-microbial interactions, reducing Cd migration. In summary, the study provides a new scientific explanation for how AMF improves plant Cd tolerance and offers a sustainable solution that could benefit both the environment and human health.},
}
@article {pmid38868216,
year = {2023},
author = {Cao, B and Gao, JW and Zhang, QP and Xu, XM and Zhao, RY and Li, HH and Wei, B},
title = {Melatonin supplementation protects against traumatic colon injury by regulating SERPINA3N protein expression.},
journal = {iMeta},
volume = {2},
number = {4},
pages = {e141},
pmid = {38868216},
issn = {2770-596X},
abstract = {Traumatic colon injury (TCI) is a typical injury with high mortality. Prolongation of the intervention time window is a potentially useful approach to improving the outcomes of TCI casualties. This study aimed to identify the pathological mechanisms of TCI and to develop effective strategies to extend the survival time. A semicircular incision was made to prepare a TCI model using C57BL/6 mice. An overview of microbiota dysregulation was achieved by metagenome sequencing. Protein expression reprogramming in the intestinal epithelium was investigated using proteomics profiling. The mice that were subjected to TCI died within a short period of time when not treated. Gut symbiosis showed abrupt turbulence, and specific pathogenic bacteria rapidly proliferated. The protein expression in the intestinal epithelium was also reprogrammed. Among the differentially expressed proteins, SERPINA3N was overexpressed after TCI modeling. Deletion of Serpina3n prolonged the posttraumatic survival time of mice with TCI by improving gut homeostasis in vivo. To promote the translational application of this research, the effects of melatonin (MLT), an oral inhibitor of the SERPINA3N protein, were further investigated. MLT effectively downregulated SERPINA3N expression and mitigated TCI-induced death by suppressing the NF-κB signaling pathway. Our findings prove that preventive administration of MLT serves as an effective regimen to prolong the posttraumatic survival time by restoring gut homeostasis perturbed by TCI. It may become a novel strategy for improving the prognosis of patients suffering from TCI.},
}
@article {pmid38867659,
year = {2024},
author = {Li, Y and Qiu, J and Yang, J and Li, Y and Zhang, H and Zhao, F and Tan, H},
title = {Molecular Mechanism of GmSNE3 Ubiquitin Ligase-Mediated Inhibition of Soybean Nodulation by Halosulfuron Methyl.},
journal = {Journal of agricultural and food chemistry},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1021/acs.jafc.4c02621},
pmid = {38867659},
issn = {1520-5118},
abstract = {In this study, the role of E3 ubiquitin ligase GmSNE3 in halosulfuron methyl (HSM) inhibiting soybean nodulation was investigated. GmSNE3 was strongly induced by HSM stress, and the overexpression of GmSNE3 significantly reduced the number of soybean nodules. Further investigation found that GmSNE3 could interact with a nodulation signaling pathway 1 protein (GmNSP1a) and GmSNE3 could mediate the degradation of GmNSP1a. Importantly, GmSNE3-mediated degradation of GmNSP1a could be promoted by HSM stress. Moreover, HSM stress and the overexpression of GmSNE3 resulted in a substantial decrease in the expression of the downstream target genes of GmNSP1a. These results revealed that HSM promotes the ubiquitin-mediated degradation of GmNSP1a by inducing GmSNE3, thereby inhibiting the regulatory effect of GmNSP1a on its downstream target genes and ultimately leading to a reduction in nodulation. Our findings will promote a better understanding of the toxic mechanism of herbicides on the symbiotic nodulation between legumes and rhizobia.},
}
@article {pmid38866764,
year = {2024},
author = {Xiong, X and Zeng, J and Ning, Q and Liu, H and Bu, Z and Zhang, X and Zeng, J and Zhuo, R and Cui, K and Qin, Z and Gao, Y and Liu, X and Zhu, Y},
title = {Ferroptosis induction in host rice by endophyte OsiSh-2 is necessary for mutualism and disease resistance in symbiosis.},
journal = {Nature communications},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {5012},
pmid = {38866764},
issn = {2041-1723},
support = {32172497//National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China)/ ; 32100246//National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China)/ ; },
mesh = {*Oryza/microbiology/genetics/immunology ; *Ferroptosis/genetics ; *Endophytes/physiology ; *Disease Resistance/genetics ; *Plant Diseases/microbiology ; *Symbiosis ; *Streptomyces/genetics/physiology ; Siderophores/metabolism ; Iron/metabolism ; },
abstract = {Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent cell death that was discovered recently. For beneficial microbes to establish mutualistic relationships with hosts, precisely controlled cell death in plant cells is necessary. However, whether ferroptosis is involved in the endophyte‒plant system is poorly understood. Here, we reported that endophytic Streptomyces hygroscopicus OsiSh-2, which established a sophisticated and beneficial interaction with host rice plants, caused ferroptotic cell death in rice characterized by ferroptosis- and immune-related markers. Treatments with ferroptosis inhibitors and inducers, different doses of OsiSh-2, and the siderophore synthesis-deficient mutant ΔcchH revealed that only moderate ferroptosis induced by endophytes is essential for the establishment of an optimal symbiont to enhance plant growth. Additionally, ferroptosis involved in a defence-primed state in rice, which contributed to improved resistance against rice blast disease. Overall, our study provides new insights into the mechanisms of endophyte‒plant interactions mediated by ferroptosis and suggests new directions for crop yield promotion.},
}
@article {pmid38866148,
year = {2024},
author = {Rosic, N and Delamare-Deboutteville, J and Dove, S},
title = {Heat stress in symbiotic dinoflagellates: Implications on oxidative stress and cellular changes.},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {173916},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173916},
pmid = {38866148},
issn = {1879-1026},
abstract = {Global warming has been shown to harmfully affect symbiosis between Symbiodiniaceae and other marine invertebrates. When symbiotic dinoflagellates (the genus Breviolum) were in vitro exposed to acute heat stress of +7 °C for a period of 5 days, the results revealed the negative impact on all physiological and other cellular parameters measured. Elevated temperatures resulted in a severe reduction in algal density of up to 9.5-fold, as well as pigment concentrations, indicating the status of the physiological stress and early signs of photo-bleaching. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) were increased in all heated dinoflagellate cells, while the antioxidant-reduced glutathione levels initially dropped on day one but increased under prolonged temperature stress. The cell viability parameters were reduced by 97 % over the heating period, with an increased proportion of apoptotic and necrotic cells. Autofluorescence (AF) for Cy5-PE 660-20 was reduced from 1.7-fold at day 1 to up to 50-fold drop at the end of heating time, indicating that the AF changes were highly sensitive to heat stress and that it could be an extremely sensitive tool for assessing the functionality of algal photosynthetic machinery. The addition of the drug 5-AZA-2'-deoxycytidine (5-AZA), which inhibits DNA methylation processes, was assessed in parallel and contributed to some alterations in algal cellular stress response. The presence of drug 5-AZA combined with the temperature stress had an additional impact on Symbiodiniaceae density and cell complexity, including the AF levels. These variations in cellular stress response under heat stress and compromised DNA methylation conditions may indicate the importance of this epigenetic mechanism for symbiotic dinoflagellate thermal tolerance adaptability over a longer period, which needs further exploration. Consequently, the increased ROS levels and changes in AF signals reported during ongoing heat stress in dinoflagellate cells could be used as early stress biomarkers in these microalgae and potentially other photosynthetic species.},
}
@article {pmid38865442,
year = {2024},
author = {Zanetti, ME and Blanco, F and Ferrari, M and Ariel, F and Benoit, M and Niebel, A and Crespi, M},
title = {Epigenetic control during root development and symbiosis.},
journal = {Plant physiology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/plphys/kiae333},
pmid = {38865442},
issn = {1532-2548},
abstract = {The roots of plants play multiples functions that are essential for growth and development, including anchoring to the soil and water and nutrient acquisition. These underground organs exhibit the plasticity to modify their root system architecture in response to environmental cues allowing adaptation to change in water and nutrient availability. In addition, roots enter in mutualistic interactions with soil microorganisms, e.g. the root nodule symbiosis established between a limited group of plants and nitrogen fixing soil bacteria and the arbuscular mycorrhiza symbiosis involving most land plants and fungi of the Glomeromycetes phylum. In the past 20 years, genetic approaches allowed the identification and functional characterization of genes required for the specific programs of root development, root nodule and arbuscular mycorrhiza symbioses. These genetic studies provided evidence that the program of root nodule symbiosis recruited components of the arbuscular mycorrhiza symbiosis and the root developmental programs. The execution of these programs is strongly influenced by epigenetic changes -DNA methylation and histone post-translational modifications- that alter chromatin conformation modifying the expression of key genes. In this review, we summarize recent advances that highlighted how DNA methylation and histone post-translational modifications, as well as chromatin remodeling factors and long non-coding RNAs, shape the root system architecture and allow the successful establishment of both root nodule and arbuscular mycorrhiza symbioses. We anticipate that the analysis of dynamic epigenetic changes and chromatin 3D structure in specific single-cells or tissue types of root organs will illuminate our understanding of how root developmental and symbiotic programs are orchestrated, opening exciting questions and new perspectives to modulate agronomical and ecological traits linked to nutrient acquisition.},
}
@article {pmid38867896,
year = {2022},
author = {Yang, T and Tedersoo, L and Liu, X and Gao, GF and Dong, K and Adams, JM and Chu, H},
title = {Fungi stabilize multi-kingdom community in a high elevation timberline ecosystem.},
journal = {iMeta},
volume = {1},
number = {4},
pages = {e49},
pmid = {38867896},
issn = {2770-596X},
abstract = {Microbes dominate terrestrial ecosystems via their great species diversity and vital ecosystem functions, such as biogeochemical cycling and mycorrhizal symbiosis. Fungi and other organisms form diverse association networks. However, the roles of species belonging to different kingdoms in multi-kingdom community networks have remained largely elusive. In light of the integrative microbiome initiative, we inferred multiple-kingdom biotic associations from high elevation timberline soils using the SPIEC-EASI method. Biotic interactions among plants, nematodes, fungi, bacteria, and archaea were surveyed at the community and network levels. Compared to single-kingdom networks, multi-kingdom networks and their associations increased the within-kingdom and cross-kingdom edge numbers by 1012 and 10,772, respectively, as well as mean connectivity and negative edge proportion by 15.2 and 0.8%, respectively. Fungal involvement increased network stability (i.e., resistance to node loss) and connectivity, but reduced modularity, when compared with those in the single-kingdom networks of plants, nematodes, bacteria, and archaea. In the entire multi-kingdom network, fungal nodes were characterized by significantly higher degree and betweenness than bacteria. Fungi more often played the role of connector, linking different modules. Consistently, structural equation modeling and multiple regression on matrices corroborated the "bridge" role of fungi at the community level, linking plants and other soil biota. Overall, our findings suggest that fungi can stabilize the self-organization process of multi-kingdom networks. The findings facilitate the initiation and carrying out of multi-kingdom community studies in natural ecosystems to reveal the complex above- and belowground linkages.},
}
@article {pmid38868569,
year = {2022},
author = {Gao, C and Li, X and Zhao, X and Yang, P and Wang, X and Chen, X and Chen, N and Chen, F},
title = {Standardized studies of the oral microbiome: From technology-driven to hypothesis-driven.},
journal = {iMeta},
volume = {1},
number = {2},
pages = {e19},
pmid = {38868569},
issn = {2770-596X},
abstract = {The microbiome is in a symbiotic relationship with the host. Among the microbial consortia in the human body, that in the oral cavity is complex. Instead of repeatedly confirming biomarkers of oral and systemic diseases, recent studies have focused on a unified clinical diagnostic standard in microbiology that reduces the heterogeneity caused by individual discrepancies. Research has also been conducted on other topics of greater clinical importance, including bacterial pathogenesis, and the effects of drugs and treatments. In this review, we divide existing research into technology-driven and hypothesis-driven, according to whether there is a clear research hypothesis. This classification allows the demonstration of shifts in the direction of oral microbiology research. Based on the shifts, we suggested that establishing clear hypotheses may be the solution to major research challenges.},
}
@article {pmid38865264,
year = {2024},
author = {Lachat, J and Lextrait, G and Jouan, R and Boukherissa, A and Yokota, A and Jang, S and Ishigami, K and Futahashi, R and Cossard, R and Naquin, D and Costache, V and Augusto, L and Tissières, P and Biondi, EG and Alunni, B and Timchenko, T and Ohbayashi, T and Kikuchi, Y and Mergaert, P},
title = {Hundreds of antimicrobial peptides create a selective barrier for insect gut symbionts.},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
volume = {121},
number = {25},
pages = {e2401802121},
doi = {10.1073/pnas.2401802121},
pmid = {38865264},
issn = {1091-6490},
support = {ANR-19-CE20-0007//Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR)/ ; 21K18241//MEXT KAKENHI/ ; 22H05068//MEXT KAKENHI/ ; 21F21090//MEXT | Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS)/ ; 22KJ0057//MEXT | Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS)/ ; 14J03996//MEXT | Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS)/ ; 20170267//MEXT | Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS)/ ; 19J01106//MEXT | Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS)/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Symbiosis ; *Antimicrobial Peptides/metabolism/genetics/pharmacology ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; Bacteria/genetics/metabolism/drug effects ; Gastrointestinal Tract/microbiology ; },
abstract = {The spatial organization of gut microbiota is crucial for the functioning of the gut ecosystem, although the mechanisms that organize gut bacterial communities in microhabitats are only partially understood. The gut of the insect Riptortus pedestris has a characteristic microbiota biogeography with a multispecies community in the anterior midgut and a monospecific bacterial population in the posterior midgut. We show that the posterior midgut region produces massively hundreds of specific antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), the Crypt-specific Cysteine-Rich peptides (CCRs) that have membrane-damaging antimicrobial activity against diverse bacteria but posterior midgut symbionts have elevated resistance. We determined by transposon-sequencing the genetic repertoire in the symbiont Caballeronia insecticola to manage CCR stress, identifying different independent pathways, including AMP-resistance pathways unrelated to known membrane homeostasis functions as well as cell envelope functions. Mutants in the corresponding genes have reduced capacity to colonize the posterior midgut, demonstrating that CCRs create a selective barrier and resistance is crucial in gut symbionts. Moreover, once established in the gut, the bacteria differentiate into a CCR-sensitive state, suggesting a second function of the CCR peptide arsenal in protecting the gut epithelia or mediating metabolic exchanges between the host and the gut symbionts. Our study highlights the evolution of an extreme diverse AMP family that likely contributes to establish and control the gut microbiota.},
}
@article {pmid38863001,
year = {2024},
author = {Huang, Z and Wang, D and Zhou, J and He, H and Wei, C},
title = {Segregation of endosymbionts in complex symbiotic system of cicadas providing novel insights into microbial symbioses and evolutionary dynamics of symbiotic organs in sap-feeding insects.},
journal = {Frontiers in zoology},
volume = {21},
number = {1},
pages = {15},
pmid = {38863001},
issn = {1742-9994},
support = {32270496//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 32070476//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; },
abstract = {The most extraordinary systems of symbiosis in insects are found in the suborder Auchenorrhyncha of Hemiptera, which provide unique perspectives for uncovering complicated insect-microbe symbiosis. We investigated symbionts associated with bacteriomes and fat bodies in six cicada species, and compared transmitted cell number ratio of related symbionts in ovaries among species. We reveal that Sulcia and Hodgkinia or a yeast-like fungal symbiont (YLS) are segregated from other host tissues by the bacteriomes in the nymphal stage, then some of them may migrate to other organs (i.e., fat bodies and ovaries) during host development. Particularly, YLS resides together with Sulcia in the "symbiont ball" of each egg and the bacteriomes of young-instar nymphs, but finally migrates to the fat bodies of adults in the majority of Hodgkinia-free cicadas, whereas it resides in both bacteriome sheath and fat bodies of adults in a few other species. The transmitted Sulcia/YLS or Sulcia/Hodgkinia cell number ratio in ovaries varies significantly among species, which could be related to the distribution and/or lineage splitting of symbiont(s). Rickettsia localizes to the nuclei of bacteriomes and fat bodies in some species, but it was not observed to be transmitted to the ovaries, indicating that this symbiont may be acquired from environments or from father to offspring. The considerable difference in the transovarial transmission process of symbionts suggests that cellular mechanisms underlying the symbiont transmission are complex. Our results may provide novel insights into insect-microbe symbiosis.},
}
@article {pmid38862311,
year = {2024},
author = {Saki, N and Hadi, H and Keikhaei, B and Mirzaei, A and Purrahman, D},
title = {Gut microbiome composition and dysbiosis in immune thrombocytopenia: A review of literature.},
journal = {Blood reviews},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {101219},
doi = {10.1016/j.blre.2024.101219},
pmid = {38862311},
issn = {1532-1681},
abstract = {Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an autoimmune bleeding disorder characterized by excessive reticuloendothelial platelet destruction and inadequate compensatory platelet production. However, the pathogenesis of ITP is relatively complex, and its exact mechanisms and etiology have not been definitively established. The gut microbiome, namely a diverse community of symbiotic microorganisms residing in the gastrointestinal system, affects health through involvement in human metabolism, immune modulation, and maintaining physiological balance. Emerging evidence reveals that the gut microbiome composition differs in patients with ITP compared to healthy individuals, which is related with platelet count, disease duration, and response to treatment. These findings suggest that the microbiome and metabolome profiles of individuals could unveil a new pathway for aiding diagnosis, predicting prognosis, assessing treatment response, and formulating personalized therapeutic approaches for ITP. However, due to controversial reports, definitive conclusions cannot be drawn, and further investigations are needed.},
}
@article {pmid38862045,
year = {2024},
author = {Zhou, F and Wu, X and Fan, S and Zhao, X and Li, M and Song, F and Huang, Y and Zhang, X},
title = {Detoxification of phoxim by a gut bacterium of Delia antiqua.},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
volume = {943},
number = {},
pages = {173866},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173866},
pmid = {38862045},
issn = {1879-1026},
abstract = {The presence of certain associated bacteria has been reported to increase pest resistance to pesticides, which poses a serious threat to food security and the environment. Researches on the above microbe-derived pesticide resistance would bring innovative approaches for pest management. Investigations into the phoxim resistance of Delia antiqua, one Liliaceae crop pests, revealed the contribution of a phoxim-degrading gut bacterium, D39, to this resistance. However, how the strain degraded phoxim was unknown. In this study, the role of D39 in phoxim degradation and resistance was first confirmed. DT, which had an identical taxonomy but lacked phoxim-degrading activity, was analyzed alongside D39 via comparative genomics to identify the potential phoxim degrading genes. In addition, degradation metabolites were identified, and a potential degradation pathway was proposed. Furthermore, the main gene responsible for degradation and the metabolites of phoxim were further validated via prokaryotic expression. The results showed that D39 contributed to resistance in D. antiqua larva by degrading phoxim. Phoxim was degraded by an enzyme encoded by the novel gene phoD in D39 to O,O-diethyl hydrogen phosphorothioate and 2-hydroxyimino-2-phenylacetonitrile. Finally, downstream products were metabolized in the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Further analysis via prokaryotic expression of phoD confirmed its degradation activity. The mechanisms through which gut microbes promote pesticide resistance are elucidated in this study. These results could aid in the development of innovative pest control methods. In addition, this information could also be used to identify microbial agents that could be applied for the remediation of pesticide contamination.},
}
@article {pmid38860814,
year = {2024},
author = {Nakamura, K and Asano, S and Nambu, M and Ishiguro, N and Tanikawa, A and Naganuma, N},
title = {Metagenome-assembled genome sequences of two bacterial species from polyvinyl alcohol-degrading co-colonies.},
journal = {Microbiology resource announcements},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e0036324},
doi = {10.1128/mra.00363-24},
pmid = {38860814},
issn = {2576-098X},
abstract = {We present the metagenome-assembled genome sequences of two polyvinyl alcohol-degrading co-colony-derived bacterial species relative to Rhodanobacter sp. DHB23 and Priestia megaterium ATCC 14581. We estimated the genomes of these species to be 3,476,996- and 5,169,587-bp long (for Rhodanobacter sp. DHB23 and Priestia megaterium ATCC 14581, respectively).},
}
@article {pmid38860210,
year = {2024},
author = {Chen, Y and Chen, Y and Li, Y and Du, E and Sun, Z and Lu, Z and Gui, F},
title = {Comparative study of the gut microbial community structure of Spodoptera frugiperda and Spodoptera literal (Lepidoptera).},
journal = {PeerJ},
volume = {12},
number = {},
pages = {e17450},
pmid = {38860210},
issn = {2167-8359},
mesh = {Animals ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome/genetics ; *Spodoptera/microbiology/genetics ; *Larva/microbiology ; *RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics ; Proteobacteria/genetics/isolation &amp; purification ; Bacteroidetes/genetics/isolation &amp; purification ; Firmicutes/genetics/isolation &amp; purification ; Bacteria/genetics/classification ; Lactobacillus/genetics/isolation &amp; purification ; Enterococcus/genetics ; Bacteroides/genetics ; Symbiosis ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Spodoptera frugiperda, the fall armyworm is a destructive invasive pest, and S. litura the tobacco cutworm, is a native species closely related to S. frugiperda. The gut microbiota plays a vital role in insect growth, development, metabolism and immune system. Research on the competition between invasive species and closely related native species has focused on differences in the adaptability of insects to the environment. Little is known about gut symbiotic microbe composition and its role in influencing competitive differences between these two insects.<br><br>METHODS: We used a culture-independent approach targeting the 16S rRNA gene of gut bacteria of 5th instar larvae of S. frugiperda and S. litura. Larvae were reared continuously on maize leaves for five generations. We analyzed the composition, abundance, diversity, and metabolic function of gut microbiomes of S. frugiperda and S. litura larvae.<br><br>RESULTS: Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Bacteroidetes were the dominant bacterial phyla in both species. Enterococcus, ZOR0006, Escherichia, Bacteroides, and Lactobacillus were the genera with the highest abundance in S. frugiperda. Enterococcus, Erysipelatoclostridium, ZOR0006, Enterobacter, and Bacteroides had the highest abundance in S.&#xa0;litura. According to &#x3b1;-diversity analysis, the gut bacterial diversity of S. frugiperda was significantly higher than that of S.&#xa0;litura. KEGG analysis showed 15 significant differences in metabolic pathways between S. frugiperda and S. litura gut bacteria, including transcription, cell growth and death, excretory system and circulatory system pathways.<br><br>CONCLUSION: In the same habitat, the larvae of S. frugiperda and S. litura showed significant differences in gut bacterial diversity and community composition. Regarding the composition and function of gut bacteria, the invasive species S. frugiperda may have a competitive advantage over S. litura. This study provides a foundation for developing control strategies for S. frugiperda and S. litura.},
}
@article {pmid38859588,
year = {2024},
author = {Guo, D and Li, J and Liu, P and Wang, Y and Cao, N and Fang, X and Wang, T and Dong, J},
title = {The jasmonate pathway promotes nodule symbiosis and suppresses host plant defense in Medicago truncatula.},
journal = {Molecular plant},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.molp.2024.06.004},
pmid = {38859588},
issn = {1752-9867},
abstract = {Root nodule symbiosis (RNS) between legume and rhizobia is a major source of nitrogen in agricultural systems. Effective symbiosis requires precise regulation of plant defense responses. The role of the defense hormone jasmonic acid in the immune response has been extensively studied. The current research shows that JA can play either a positive or negative regulatory role in RNS depending on its concentration, while the molecular mechanisms remain to be elucidated. Here, we found that inoculation with rhizobia Sm1021 induced the JA pathway response in Medicago truncatula, and blocking JA pathway significantly reduced the number of infection threads. Mutations in the MtMYC2 gene, a JA signaling master transcription factor, significantly inhibited rhizobia infection, terminal differentiation, and symbiotic cell formation. Combining RNA-seq and ChIP-seq, we discovered that MtMYC2 regulates the expression of nodule-specific MtDNF2, MtNAD1, and MtSymCRK to suppress host defense. MtMYC2 activates MtDNF1 expression to regulate the maturation of MtNCRs, which in turn promotes bacteroid formation. More importantly, MtMYC2 promotes the expression of MtIPD3 to participate in symbiotic signaling transduction. Notably, the MtMYC2-MtIPD3 transcriptional regulation module is specifically present in legumes. Additionally, The Mtmyc2 mutants exhibits a susceptible phenotype to Rhizoctonia solani. Collectively, our findings reveal the molecular mechanisms of the JA pathway in RNS and further broaden the understanding of JA in the plant-microbe interaction network.},
}
@article {pmid38858739,
year = {2024},
author = {Vohsen, SA and Herrera, S},
title = {Coral microbiomes are structured by environmental gradients in deep waters.},
journal = {Environmental microbiome},
volume = {19},
number = {1},
pages = {38},
pmid = {38858739},
issn = {2524-6372},
support = {NA18NOS4780166//NOAA/ ; 2000013668//National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,United States/ ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Coral-associated microbiomes vary greatly between colonies and localities with functional consequences on the host. However, the full extent of variability across the ranges of most coral species remains unknown, especially for corals living in deep waters which span greater ranges. Here, we characterized the microbiomes of four octocoral species from mesophotic and bathyal deep-sea habitats in the northern Gulf of Mexico, Muricea pendula, Swiftia exserta, Callogorgia delta, and Paramuricea biscaya, using 16S rRNA gene metabarcoding. We sampled extensively across their ranges to test for microbiome differentiation between and within species, examining the influence of environmental factors that vary with depth (53-2224 m) and geographic location (over 680 m) as well as the host coral's genotype using RAD-sequencing.<br><br>RESULTS: Coral microbiomes were often dominated by amplicon sequence variants whose abundances varied across their hosts' ranges, including symbiotic taxa: corallicolids, Endozoicomonas, members of the Mollicutes, and the BD1-7 clade. Coral species, depth, and geographic location significantly affected diversity, microbial community composition, and the relative abundance of individual microbes. Depth was the strongest environmental factor determining microbiome structure within species, which influenced the abundance of most dominant symbiotic taxa. Differences in host genotype, bottom temperature, and surface primary productivity could explain a significant part of the microbiome variation associated with depth and geographic location.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Altogether, this work demonstrates that the microbiomes of corals in deep waters vary substantially across their ranges in accordance with depth and other environmental conditions. It reveals that the influence of depth on the ecology of mesophotic and deep-sea corals extends to its effects on their microbiomes which may have functional consequences. This work also identifies the distributions of microbes including potential parasites which can be used to inform restoration plans in response to the Deepwater Horizon oil spill.},
}
@article {pmid38857838,
year = {2024},
author = {Moraes, JR and Barrinha, A and Gonçalves de Lima, LS and Vidal, JC and Costa Catta-Preta, CM and de Souza, W and Zuma, AA and Motta, MCM},
title = {Endosymbiosis in trypanosomatids: the bacterium division depends on microtubule dynamism.},
journal = {Experimental cell research},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {114126},
doi = {10.1016/j.yexcr.2024.114126},
pmid = {38857838},
issn = {1090-2422},
abstract = {Microtubules are components of the cytoskeleton that perform essential functions in eukaryotes, such as those related to shape change, motility and cell division. In this context some characteristics of these filaments are essential, such as polarity and dynamic instability. In trypanosomatids, microtubules are integral to ultrastructure organization, intracellular transport and mitotic processes. Some species of trypanosomatids co-evolve with a symbiotic bacterium in a mutualistic association that is marked by extensive metabolic exchanges and a coordinated division of the symbiont with other cellular structures, such as the nucleus and the kinetoplast. It is already established that the bacterium division is microtubule-dependent, so in this work, it was investigated whether the dynamism and remodeling of these filaments is capable of affecting the prokaryote division. To this purpose, Angomonas deanei was treated with Trichostatin A (TSA), a deacetylase inhibitor, and mutant cells for histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) were obtained by CRISPR-Cas9. A decrease in proliferation, an enhancement in tubulin acetylation, as well as morphological and ultrastructural changes, were observed in TSA-treated protozoa and mutant cells. In both cases, symbiont filamentation occurred, indicating that prokaryote cell division is dependent on microtubule dynamism.},
}
@article {pmid38856984,
year = {2024},
author = {Irving, C and Culverhouse, I},
title = {Human factors integration with clinical investigations.},
journal = {Journal of medical engineering &amp; technology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-7},
doi = {10.1080/03091902.2024.2355322},
pmid = {38856984},
issn = {1464-522X},
abstract = {The human factors engineering (HFE) process supports the design and development of medical devices, especially novel devices requiring clinical investigation. The typical culmination of the HFE process prior to market approval is a human factors (HF) validation study, with specific requirements of participant, environment and task representation that carry a financial and temporal burden for medical device manufacturers. Whilst strongly recommended ahead of clinical investigations by regulators (and the authors), the prescribed methodology for HF validation studies required for pre-market approval may be excessive ahead of a clinical investigation during the development process. However, the stringent nature of HF validation studies will support effective clinical investigation design and minimise risks of poor clinical outcome or compliance. This paper provides recommendations in what to consider when determining what type of HF study to conduct ahead of each clinical investigation phase as well as insights into the symbiotic benefits of HFE and clinical investigations.},
}
@article {pmid38855619,
year = {2024},
author = {Ke, X and Xiao, H and Peng, Y and Xia, X and Wang, X},
title = {Nitrogen deficiency modulates carbon allocation to promote nodule nitrogen fixation capacity in soybean.},
journal = {Exploration (Beijing, China)},
volume = {4},
number = {2},
pages = {20230104},
pmid = {38855619},
issn = {2766-2098},
abstract = {Previously, the effect of soil mineral N deficiency on nodule nitrogen fixation capacity (NFC) is unclear. In this study, we found that N deficiency would enhance sucrose allocation to nodules and PEP allocation to bacteroid to promote nodule NFC. Our findings provide new insights into the design of leguminous crops with improved adaptation to fluctuating N levels in the soil.},
}
@article {pmid38853449,
year = {2024},
author = {Li, Y and Chen, H and Gu, L and Wu, J and Zheng, X and Fan, Z and Pan, D and Li, JT and Shu, W and Rosendahl, S and Wang, Y},
title = {Domestication of rice may have changed its arbuscular mycorrhizal properties by modifying phosphorus nutrition-related traits and decreasing symbiotic compatibility.},
journal = {The New phytologist},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/nph.19901},
pmid = {38853449},
issn = {1469-8137},
support = {32272203//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 31772397//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 31400365//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 2023PlantKFP03//Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources/ ; 2022YFC3103700//National Key Research and Development Program of China/ ; },
abstract = {Modern cultivated rice (Oryza sativa) typically experiences limited growth benefits from arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis. This could be due to the long-term domestication of rice under favorable phosphorus conditions. However, there is limited understanding of whether and how the rice domestication has modified AM properties. This study compared AM properties between a collection of wild (Oryza rufipogon) and domesticated rice genotypes and investigated the mechanisms underlying their differences by analyzing physiological, genomic, transcriptomic, and metabolomic traits critical for AM symbiosis. The results revealed significantly lower mycorrhizal growth responses and colonization intensity in domesticated rice compared to wild rice, and this change of AM properties may be associated with the domestication modifications of plant phosphorus utilization efficiency at physiological and genomic levels. Domestication also resulted in a decrease in the activity of the mycorrhizal phosphorus acquisition pathway, which may be attributed to reduced mycorrhizal compatibility of rice roots by enhancing defense responses like root lignification and reducing carbon supply to AM fungi. In conclusion, rice domestication may have changed its AM properties by modifying P nutrition-related traits and reducing symbiotic compatibility. This study offers new insights for improving AM properties in future rice breeding programs to enhance sustainable agricultural production.},
}
@article {pmid38852409,
year = {2024},
author = {Pilipenets, O and Kin Peng Hui, F and Gunawardena, T and Mendis, P and Aye, L},
title = {New circularity indicator for decision making in the stockpile management of construction and demolition waste: Perspectives of Australian practitioners.},
journal = {Journal of environmental management},
volume = {363},
number = {},
pages = {121345},
doi = {10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.121345},
pmid = {38852409},
issn = {1095-8630},
abstract = {Despite the increasing popularity of the circular economy, there remains a lack of consensus on how to quantify circularity, a critical aspect of the practical implementation of this model. To address this gap, this article examines the industry's perspective and efforts toward implementing the circular economy in real-world scenarios. We conducted 40 interviews with engineers, project leaders, and top-level managers in the Australian construction sector. Using Saldaña's coding approach, we analysed their views on circular economy practices and efforts within their organisations. Our findings reveal while waste minimisation, reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, and cost considerations are widely regarded as essential indicators of a successful circular economy model, the significance of waste storage and long-term stockpiling while awaiting treatment has been overlooked or under-emphasised in industry practices and academic literature. Stockpiling of waste has often been seen as a staging process in waste treatment. However, based on industry insights, it accumulates to the point of mismanagement when it becomes a safety and environmental concern. Addressing this oversight, we propose a storage circularity indicator that allows incorporating waste storage and stockpiling in circular economy models. Our research contributes to various environmental and waste management aspects, supporting policies and strategies for solid waste management and excessive stockpile prevention. By emphasising the significance of storage circularity, we clarify waste prevention techniques and address socio-economic issues such as the urgent need to reduce long-term stockpiling of solid waste. This work highlights the importance of decision-support tools in waste management to facilitate the implementation of circular economy principles. Our proposed storage circularity indicator promotes industrial collaboration, aligning with the concept of industrial symbiosis to optimise resource use and minimise waste generation. By discussing these topics, we aim to contribute to the advancement of more robust waste management strategies and policies that promote sustainable production and consumption practices.},
}
@article {pmid38852390,
year = {2024},
author = {Luo, F and Liang, X and Chen, W and Ravi, SK and Wang, S and Gao, X and Zhang, Z and Fang, Y},
title = {Symbiotic defect-reinforced bimetallic MOF-derived fiber components for solar-assisted atmospheric water collection.},
journal = {Water research},
volume = {259},
number = {},
pages = {121872},
doi = {10.1016/j.watres.2024.121872},
pmid = {38852390},
issn = {1879-2448},
abstract = {Conversion of atmospheric water to sustainable and clean freshwater resources through MOF-based adsorbent has great potential for the renewable environmental industry. However, its daily water production is hampered by susceptibility to agglomeration, slow water evaporation efficiency, and limited water-harvesting capacity. Herein, a solar-assisted bimetallic MOF (BMOF)-derived fiber component that surmounts these limitations and exhibits both optimized water-collect capacity and short adsorption-desorption period is proposed. The proposed strategy involves utilizing bottom-up interface-induced assembly between carboxylated multi-walled carbon nanotube and hygroscopic BMOF on a multi-ply glass fiber support. The designed BMOF (MIL-100(Fe,Al)-3) skeleton constructed using bimetallic-node defect engineering exhibits a high specific surface area (1,535.28 m[2]/g) and pore volume (0.76 cm[3]/g), thereby surpassing the parent MOFs and other reported MOFs in capturing moisture. Benefiting from the hierarchical structure of fiber rods and the solar-driven self-heating interface of photothermal layer, the customized BMOF crystals realize efficient loading and optimized water adsorption-desorption kinetics. As a result, the resultant fiber components achieve six adsorption-desorption cycles per day and an impressive water collection of 1.45 g/g/day under medium-high humidity outdoor conditions. Therefore, this work will provide new ideas for optimizing the daily yield of atmospheric water harvesting techniques.},
}
@article {pmid38851848,
year = {2024},
author = {Yang, J and Li, Z and Zhang, D and Zhong, J},
title = {An empirical analysis of the coupling and coordinated development of new urbanization and ecological welfare performance in China's Chengdu-Chongqing economic circle.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {14},
number = {1},
pages = {13197},
pmid = {38851848},
issn = {2045-2322},
support = {No. SKL2023D84//Leshan City 2023 philosophy and social science planning project/ ; No. C122023007//the School-level Fund Project of The Engineering &amp; Technical College of Chengdu University of Technology/ ; No. 19XJY003//National Social Science Fund of China/ ; },
abstract = {New urbanization (NU) and ecological welfare performance (EWP) play pivotal roles in achieving sustainable urban development, with both emphasizing social equity and environmental management. Exploring the coordinated relationship between EWP and NU is invaluable for understanding the symbiotic interplay between humans and nature. We constructed a framework to elucidate the coupling mechanism of EWP and NU from the perspective of systems theory. We quantified the levels of NU and EWP utilizing the entropy weighting method and the super-efficient SBM method, respectively. Furthermore, we assessed the degree of coupling coordination between the two using the coupling coordination degree model (CCDM). Spatial and temporal evolution analysis was conducted, and factors influencing the degree of coupling coordination between EWP and NU were explored through a spatial-temporal geographically-weighted regression model (GTWR). The results indicate: (1) During the study period, the average annual increase in EWP in the study area was 2.59%, with a narrowing relative gap between cities. Conversely, the average annual increase in the level of NU was 7.6%, with demographic and economic dimensions carrying the highest weights. (2) The type of coupling coordination between EWP and NU transitions from basic coordination to moderate coordination, with the development of EWP lagging behind that of NU. (3) City size demonstrates a positive yet diminishing trend on the coupling coordination level, with economic development exerting the greatest influence and exhibiting a "V" trend, while the impact of green technology innovation diminishes negatively. Additionally, regional disparities are significant, with city size exhibiting a negative impact in areas of high population density and low economic levels, and green technology innovation showing notable polarization characteristics in core cities. These findings serve as a foundation for fostering coordinated ecological development amid the rapid urbanization process of the Chengdu-Chongqing Economic Circle.},
}
@article {pmid38851755,
year = {2024},
author = {Paix, B and van der Valk, E and de Voogd, NJ},
title = {Dynamics, diversity, and roles of bacterial transmission modes during the first asexual life stages of the freshwater sponge Spongilla lacustris.},
journal = {Environmental microbiome},
volume = {19},
number = {1},
pages = {37},
pmid = {38851755},
issn = {2524-6372},
support = {16.161.301//Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek/ ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Sponge-associated bacteria play important roles in the physiology of their host, whose recruitment processes are crucial to maintain symbiotic associations. However, the acquisition of bacterial communities within freshwater sponges is still under explored. Spongilla lacustris is a model sponge widely distributed in European rivers and lakes, producing dormant cysts (named gemmules) for their asexual reproduction, before winter. Through an in vitro experiment, this study aims to describe the dynamics of bacterial communities and their transmission modes following the hatching of these gemmules.<br><br>RESULTS: An overall change of bacterial &#x3b2;-diversity was observed through the ontology of the juvenile sponges. These temporal differences were potentially linked, first to the osculum acquisition and the development of a canal system, and then, the increasing colonization of the Chlorella-like photosymbionts. Gemmules hatching with a sterilized surface were found to have a more dispersed and less diverse microbiome, revealing the importance of gemmule epibacteria for the whole holobiont stability. These epibacteria were suggested to be vertically transmitted from the maternal tissues to the gemmule surface. Vertical transmission through the incorporation of bacterial communities inside of the gemmule, was also found as a dominant transmission mode, especially with the nitrogen fixers Terasakiellaceae. Finally, we showed that almost no ASVs were shared between the free-living community and the juveniles, suggesting that horizontal recruitment is unlikely to happen during the first stages of development. However, the free-living bacteria filtered are probably used as a source of nutrients, allowing an enrichment of copiotrophic bacteria already present within its microbiome.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: This study brings new insight for a better understanding of the microbiome acquisition during the first stages of freshwater sponge development. We showed the importance of epibacterial communities on gemmules for the whole holobiont stability, and demonstrated the near absence of recruitment of free-living bacteria during the first stages.},
}
@article {pmid38851642,
year = {2024},
author = {Escandon-Barbosa, D and Salas-Paramo, J and Paque, VC},
title = {The role of trophic, mutualistic, and competitive interactions in an industrial symbiosis process implementation: an ecological network perspective.},
journal = {Environmental science and pollution research international},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {38851642},
issn = {1614-7499},
abstract = {For both government and private institutions, the development of collaboration networks becomes an element of great importance for the implementation of related policies such as the circular economy and sustainable practices in manufacturing. Despite the above, such initiatives have not received as much attention in literature but have been decisive as both public and private initiatives. Initiatives in Latin America do not escape this scenario, especially in the creation of conditions that allow the promotion of approaches such as industrial symbiosis. In this way, the present research is aimed at identifying the role of trophic, mutualistic, and competitive interactions in an industrial symbiosis process implementation. A network analysis model is used to achieve this purpose. This technique allows us to know the degree of importance of the different actors that are part of a network, as well as the factors that determine the implementation of initiatives such as industrial symbiosis. Among the results are that empirical findings confirm the presence of trophic interactions that enhance resource efficiency, mutualistic interactions fostering collaboration and synergy, and competitive interactions promoting efficiency and dynamism. Additionally, a green culture, business size, and innovation activities are revealed as influential factors amplifying network dynamics.},
}
@article {pmid38851347,
year = {2024},
author = {Liu, Y and Wu, S and Qin, X and Yu, M and Shabala, S and Zheng, X and Hu, C and Tan, Q and Xu, S and Sun, X},
title = {Combined dynamic transcriptome and flavonoid metabolome reveal the role of Mo nanoparticles in the nodulation process in soybean.},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {173733},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173733},
pmid = {38851347},
issn = {1879-1026},
abstract = {Symbiotic nitrogen fixation can reduce the impact of agriculture on the environment by reducing fertilizer input. The rapid development of nanomaterials in agriculture provides a new prospect for us to improve the biological nitrogen fixation ability of leguminous crops. Molybdenum is an important component of nitrogenase, and the potential application of MoO3NPs in agriculture is largely unexplored. In this study, on the basis of verifying that MoO3NPs can improve the nitrogen fixation ability of soybean, the effects of MoO3NPs on the symbiotic nitrogen fixation process of soybean were investigated by using dynamic transcriptome and targeted metabolome techniques. Here we showed that compared with conventional molybdenum fertilizer, minute concentrations of MoO3NPs (0.01-0.1 mg kg[-1]) could promote soybean growth and nitrogen fixation efficiency. The nodules number, fresh nodule weight and nitrogenase activity of 0.1 mg kg[-1] were increased by 17 %, 14 % and 27 %, and plant nitrogen accumulation increased by 17 %. Compared with conventional molybdenum fertilizer, MoO3NPs had a greater effect on apigenin, kaempferol and other flavonoid, and the expression of nodulation related genes such as ENOD93, F3'H. Based on WGCNA analysis, we identified a core gene GmCHS9 that was positively responsive to molybdenum and was highly expressed during MoO3NPs induced nodulation. MoO3NPs could improve the nitrogen fixation ability of soybean by promoting the secretion of flavonoids and the expression of key genes. This study provided a new perspective for the nano-strengthening strategy of nodules development and flavonoid biosynthesis by molybdenum.},
}
@article {pmid38851011,
year = {2024},
author = {Li, X and Cheng, X and Xu, J and Wu, J and Chan, LL and Cai, Z and Zhou, J},
title = {Dynamic patterns of carbohydrate metabolism genes in bacterioplankton during marine algal blooms.},
journal = {Microbiological research},
volume = {286},
number = {},
pages = {127785},
doi = {10.1016/j.micres.2024.127785},
pmid = {38851011},
issn = {1618-0623},
abstract = {Carbohydrates play a pivotal role in nutrient recycling and regulation of algal-bacterial interactions. Despite their ecological significance, the intricate molecular mechanisms governing regulation of phycosphere carbohydrates by bacterial taxa linked with natural algal bloom have yet to be fully elucidated. Here, a comprehensive temporal metagenomic analysis was conducted to explore the carbohydrate-active enzyme (CAZyme) genes in two discrete algal bloom microorganisms (Gymnodinium catenatum and Phaeocystis globosa) across three distinct bloom stages: pre-bloom, peak bloom, and post-bloom. Elevated levels of extracellular carbohydrates, primarily rhamnose, galactose, glucose, and arabinose, were observed during the initial and post-peak stages. The prominent CAZyme families identified-glycoside hydrolases (GH) and carbohydrate-binding modules (CBMs)-were present in both algal bloom occurrences. In the G. catenatum bloom, GH23/24 and CBM13/14 were prevalent during the pre-bloom and peak bloom stages, whereas GH2/3/30 and CBM12/24 exhibited increased prevalence during the post-bloom phase. In contrast, the P. globosa bloom had a dominance of GH13/23 and CBM19 in the initial phase, and this was succeeded by GH3/19/24/30 and CBM54 in the later stages. This gene pool variation-observed distinctly in specific genera-highlighted the dynamic structural shifts in functional resources driven by temporal alterations in available substrates. Additionally, ecological linkage analysis underscored a correlation between carbohydrates (or their related genes) and phycospheric bacteria, hinting at a pattern of bottom-up control. These findings contribute to understanding of the dynamic nature of CAZymes, emphasizing the substantial influence of substrate availability on the metabolic capabilities of algal symbiotic bacteria, especially in terms of carbohydrates.},
}
@article {pmid38850289,
year = {2024},
author = {Olanipon, D and Boeraeve, M and Jacquemyn, H},
title = {Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal diversity and potential association networks among African tropical forest trees.},
journal = {Mycorrhiza},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {38850289},
issn = {1432-1890},
support = {501100004040//Coimbra Group Scholarship/ ; },
abstract = {Tropical forests represent one of the most diverse and productive ecosystems on Earth. High productivity is sustained by efficient and rapid cycling of nutrients, which is in large part made possible by symbiotic associations between plants and mycorrhizal fungi. In these associations, an individual plant typically associates simultaneously with multiple fungi and the fungi associate with multiple plants, creating complex networks among fungi and plants. However, there are few studies that have investigated mycorrhizal fungal composition and diversity in tropical forest trees, particularly in Africa, or that assessed the structure of the network of associations among fungi and trees. In this study, we collected root and soil samples from Ise Forest Reserve (Southwest Nigeria) and used a metabarcoding approach to identify the dominant arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal taxa in the soil and associating with ten co-occurring tree species to assess variation in AM communities. Network analysis was used to elucidate the architecture of the network of associations between fungi and tree species. A total of 194 Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) belonging to six AM fungal families were identified, with 68% of all OTUs belonging to Glomeraceae. While AM fungal diversity did not differ among tree species, AM fungal community composition did. Network analyses showed that the network of associations was not significantly nested and showed a relatively low level of specialization (H2 = 0.43) and modularity (M = 0.44). We conclude that, although there were some differences in AM fungal community composition, the studied tree species associate with a large number of AM fungi. Similarly, most AM fungi had great host breadth and were detected in most tree species, thereby potentially working as interaction network hubs.},
}
@article {pmid38849002,
year = {2024},
author = {Xiao, Z and Meng, H and Li, S and Ning, W and Song, Y and Han, J and Chang, JS and Wang, Y and Ho, SH},
title = {Insights into the removal of antibiotics from livestock and aquaculture wastewater by algae-bacteria symbiosis systems.},
journal = {Environmental research},
volume = {257},
number = {},
pages = {119326},
doi = {10.1016/j.envres.2024.119326},
pmid = {38849002},
issn = {1096-0953},
abstract = {With the burgeoning growth of the livestock and aquaculture industries, antibiotic residues in treated wastewater have become a serious ecological threat. Traditional biological wastewater treatment technologies-while effective for removing conventional pollutants, such as organic carbon, ammonia and phosphate-struggle to eliminate emerging contaminants, notably antibiotics. Recently, the use of microalgae has emerged as a sustainable and promising approach for the removal of antibiotics due to their non-target status, rapid growth and carbon recovery capabilities. This review aims to analyse the current state of antibiotic removal from wastewater using algae-bacteria symbiosis systems and provide valuable recommendations for the development of livestock/aquaculture wastewater treatment technologies. It (1) summarises the biological removal mechanisms of typical antibiotics, including bioadsorption, bioaccumulation, biodegradation and co-metabolism; (2) discusses the roles of intracellular regulation, involving extracellular polymeric substances, pigments, antioxidant enzyme systems, signalling molecules and metabolic pathways; (3) analyses the role of treatment facilities in facilitating algae-bacteria symbiosis, such as sequencing batch reactors, stabilisation ponds, membrane bioreactors and bioelectrochemical systems; and (4) provides insights into bottlenecks and potential solutions. This review offers valuable information on the mechanisms and strategies involved in the removal of antibiotics from livestock/aquaculture wastewater through the symbiosis of microalgae and bacteria.},
}
@article {pmid38848925,
year = {2024},
author = {Kewessa, G and Dejene, T and Martín-Pinto, P},
title = {Untangling the effect that replacing Ethiopia's natural forests with exotic tree plantations has on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi.},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
volume = {942},
number = {},
pages = {173718},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173718},
pmid = {38848925},
issn = {1879-1026},
abstract = {Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) have a broad distribution and establish symbiotic relationships with vascular plants in tropical regions. They play a crucial role in enhancing plant nutrient absorption, mitigating pathogenic infections, and boosting the resilience of host plants to abiotic stresses, including drought under specific conditions. Many natural forests in Ethiopia are being replaced by monospecific plantations. However, the impact of these actions on AMF is unknown and, despite their ecological functions, AMF communities in various forest systems have not been thoroughly investigated. In this study, we assessed soil AMF communities in natural and plantation forests by DNA metabarcoding of the ITS2 rDNA region and assessed the influence of climate and environmental variables on the AMF community. In total, 193 AMF operational taxonomic units (OTUs), comprising nine families and 15 genera, were recorded. Glomerales was the dominant order (67.9 % of AMF OTUs) and Septoglomus fuscum, Diversispora insculpta, and Funneliformis mosseae were the dominant species. AMF were more abundant in natural forests than in plantation forests and the composition of AMF communities differed significantly from those of plantation forest. In plantation forests, soil pH, organic carbon, total nitrogen, and available phosphorus significantly influenced the composition of AMF communities, whereas in natural forest, electrical conductivity, annual rainfall, and cumulative rainfall before sample collection were significantly correlated with AMF. SIMPER analysis identified the AMF responsible for composition variances among different forest types, with the Glomeraceae family being the most significant contributor, accounting for nearly 60 % of the dissimilarity. Our findings further our understanding of the ecological niche function and the role of AMF in Ethiopia's natural forest systems and highlight the importance of prioritizing the sustainable development of degraded natural forests rather than plantations to ensure the preservation of habitats conducive to maintaining various AMF communities when devising conservation and management strategies.},
}
@article {pmid38848278,
year = {2024},
author = {Shi, Y and Ma, L and Zhou, M and He, Z and Zhao, Y and Hong, J and Zou, X and Zhang, L and Shu, L},
title = {Copper stress shapes the dynamic behavior of amoebae and their associated bacteria.},
journal = {The ISME journal},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/ismejo/wrae100},
pmid = {38848278},
issn = {1751-7370},
abstract = {Amoeba-bacteria interactions are prevalent in both natural ecosystems and engineered environments. Amoebae, as essential consumers, hold significant ecological importance within ecosystems. Besides, they can establish stable symbiotic associations with bacteria. Copper plays a critical role in amoeba predation by either killing or restricting the growth of ingested bacteria in phagosomes. However, certain symbiotic bacteria have evolved mechanisms to persist within the phagosomal vacuole, evading antimicrobial defenses. Despite these insights, the impact of copper on the symbiotic relationships between amoebae and bacteria remains poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the effects of copper stress on amoebae and their symbiotic relationships with bacteria. Our findings revealed that elevated copper concentration adversely affected amoeba growth and altered cellular fate. Symbiont type significantly influenced the responses of the symbiotic relationships to copper stress. Beneficial symbionts maintained stability under copper stress, but parasitic symbionts exhibited enhanced colonization of amoebae. Furthermore, copper stress favored the transition of symbiotic relationships between amoebae and beneficial symbionts toward the host's benefit. Conversely, the pathogenic effects of parasitic symbionts on hosts were exacerbated under copper stress. This study sheds light on the intricate response mechanisms of soil amoebae and amoebae-bacteria symbiotic systems to copper stress, providing new insights into symbiotic dynamics under abiotic factors. Additionally, the results underscore the potential risks of copper accumulation in the environment for pathogen transmission and biosafety.},
}
@article {pmid38847746,
year = {2024},
author = {Cheng, T and Zhang, T and Zhang, P and He, X and Sadiq, FA and Li, J and Sang, Y and Gao, J},
title = {The complex world of kefir: Structural insights and symbiotic relationships.},
journal = {Comprehensive reviews in food science and food safety},
volume = {23},
number = {4},
pages = {e13364},
doi = {10.1111/1541-4337.13364},
pmid = {38847746},
issn = {1541-4337},
support = {32272274//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 32101911//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; },
mesh = {*Kefir/microbiology ; *Symbiosis/physiology ; Microbiota/physiology ; Fermentation ; Food Microbiology ; },
abstract = {Kefir milk, known for its high nutritional value and health benefits, is traditionally produced by fermenting milk with kefir grains. These grains are a complex symbiotic community of lactic acid bacteria, acetic acid bacteria, yeasts, and other microorganisms. However, the intricate coexistence mechanisms within these microbial colonies remain a mystery, posing challenges in predicting their biological and functional traits. This uncertainty often leads to variability in kefir milk's quality and safety. This review delves into the unique structural characteristics of kefir grains, particularly their distinctive hollow structure. We propose hypotheses on their formation, which appears to be influenced by the aggregation behaviors of the community members and their alliances. In kefir milk, a systematic colonization process is driven by metabolite release, orchestrating the spatiotemporal rearrangement of ecological niches. We place special emphasis on the dynamic spatiotemporal changes within the kefir microbial community. Spatially, we observe variations in species morphology and distribution across different locations within the grain structure. Temporally, the review highlights the succession patterns of the microbial community, shedding light on their evolving interactions.Furthermore, we explore the ecological mechanisms underpinning the formation of a stable community composition. The interplay of cooperative and competitive species within these microorganisms ensures a dynamic balance, contributing to the community's richness and stability. In kefir community, competitive species foster diversity and stability, whereas cooperative species bolster mutualistic symbiosis. By deepening our understanding of the behaviors of these complex microbial communities, we can pave the way for future advancements in the development and diversification of starter cultures for food fermentation processes.},
}
@article {pmid38847336,
year = {2024},
author = {González Ortega-Villaizán, A and King, E and Patel, MK and Pérez-Alonso, MM and Scholz, SS and Sakakibara, H and Kiba, T and Kojima, M and Takebayashi, Y and Ramos, P and Morales-Quintana, L and Breitenbach, S and Smolko, A and Salopek-Sondi, B and Bauer, N and Ludwig-Müller, J and Krapp, A and Oelmüller, R and Vicente-Carbajosa, J and Pollmann, S},
title = {The endophytic fungus Serendipita indica affects auxin distribution in Arabidopsis thaliana roots through alteration of auxin transport and conjugation to promote plant growth.},
journal = {Plant, cell &amp; environment},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/pce.14989},
pmid = {38847336},
issn = {1365-3040},
support = {//Conseil National de la Recherche Scientifique/ ; //Agencia Estatal de Investigaci&#xf3;n/ ; //Bundesministerium f&#xfc;r Bildung und Forschung/ ; //Japan Science and Technology Agency/ ; //Ministerio de Econom&#xed;a y Competitividad/ ; },
abstract = {Plants share their habitats with a multitude of different microbes. This close vicinity promoted the evolution of interorganismic interactions between plants and many different microorganisms that provide mutual growth benefits both to the plant and the microbial partner. The symbiosis of Arabidopsis thaliana with the beneficial root colonizing endophyte Serendipita indica represents a well-studied system. Colonization of Arabidopsis roots with S. indica promotes plant growth and stress tolerance of the host plant. However, until now, the molecular mechanism by which S. indica reprograms plant growth remains largely unknown. This study used comprehensive transcriptomics, metabolomics, reverse genetics, and life cell imaging to reveal the intricacies of auxin-related processes that affect root growth in the symbiosis between A. thaliana and S. indica. Our experiments revealed the sustained stimulation of auxin signalling in fungus infected Arabidopsis roots and disclosed the essential role of tightly controlled auxin conjugation in the plant-fungus interaction. It particularly highlighted the importance of two GRETCHEN HAGEN 3 (GH3) genes, GH3.5 and GH3.17, for the fungus infection-triggered stimulation of biomass production, thus broadening our knowledge about the function of GH3s in plants. Furthermore, we provide evidence for the transcriptional alteration of the PIN2 auxin transporter gene in roots of Arabidopsis seedlings infected with S. indica and demonstrate that this transcriptional adjustment affects auxin signalling in roots, which results in increased plant growth.},
}
@article {pmid38847331,
year = {2024},
author = {Dove, R and Wolfe, ER and Stewart, NU and Coleman, A and Chavez, SH and Ballhorn, DJ},
title = {Root nodules of red alder (Alnus rubra) and sitka alder (Alnus viridis ssp. sinuata) are inhabited by taxonomically diverse cultivable microbial endophytes.},
journal = {MicrobiologyOpen},
volume = {13},
number = {3},
pages = {e1422},
pmid = {38847331},
issn = {2045-8827},
support = {IOS 1457369//National Science Foundation/ ; IOS 1656057//National Science Foundation/ ; },
mesh = {*Endophytes/classification/isolation &amp; purification/genetics ; *Alnus/microbiology ; *Fungi/classification/isolation &amp; purification/genetics ; *Bacteria/classification/isolation &amp; purification/genetics ; *Root Nodules, Plant/microbiology ; Biodiversity ; Symbiosis ; Phylogeny ; },
abstract = {The root nodules of actinorhizal plants are home to nitrogen-fixing bacterial symbionts, known as Frankia, along with a small percentage of other microorganisms. These include fungal endophytes and non-Frankia bacteria. The taxonomic and functional diversity of the microbial consortia within these root nodules is not well understood. In this study, we surveyed and analyzed the cultivable, non-Frankia fungal and bacterial endophytes of root nodules from red and Sitka alder trees that grow together. We examined their taxonomic diversity, co-occurrence, differences between hosts, and potential functional roles. For the first time, we are reporting numerous fungal endophytes of alder root nodules. These include Sporothrix guttuliformis, Fontanospora sp., Cadophora melinii, an unclassified Cadophora, Ilyonectria destructans, an unclassified Gibberella, Nectria ramulariae, an unclassified Trichoderma, Mycosphaerella tassiana, an unclassified Talaromyces, Coniochaeta sp., and Sistotrema brinkmanii. We are also reporting several bacterial genera for the first time: Collimonas, Psychrobacillus, and Phyllobacterium. Additionally, we are reporting the genus Serratia for the second time, with the first report having been recently published in 2023. Pseudomonas was the most frequently isolated bacterial genus and was found to co-inhabit individual nodules with both fungi and bacteria. We found that the communities of fungal endophytes differed by host species, while the communities of bacterial endophytes did not.},
}
@article {pmid38846576,
year = {2024},
author = {Dar, MA and Xie, R and Jing, L and Qing, X and Ali, S and Pandit, RS and Shaha, CM and Sun, J},
title = {Elucidating the structure, and composition of bacterial symbionts in the gut regions of wood-feeding termite, Coptotermes formosanus and their functional profile towards lignocellulolytic systems.},
journal = {Frontiers in microbiology},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1395568},
pmid = {38846576},
issn = {1664-302X},
abstract = {The wood-feeding termite, Coptotermes formosanus, presents an efficient lignocellulolytic system, offering a distinctive model for the exploration of host-microbial symbiosis towards lignocellulose degradation. Despite decades of investigation, understanding the diversity, community structure, and functional profiles of bacterial symbionts within specific gut regions, particularly the foregut and midgut of C. formosanus, remains largely elusive. In light of this knowledge gap, our efforts focused on elucidating the diversity, community composition and functions of symbiotic bacteria inhabiting the foregut, midgut, and hindgut of C. formosanus via metagenomics. The termite harbored a diverse community of bacterial symbionts encompassing 352 genera and 26 known phyla, exhibiting an uneven distribution across gut regions. Notably, the hindgut displayed a higher relative abundance of phyla such as Bacteroidetes (56.9%) and Spirochetes (23.3%). In contrast, the foregut and midgut were predominantly occupied by Proteobacteria (28.9%) and Firmicutes (21.2%) after Bacteroidetes. The foregut harbored unique phyla like Candidate phylum_TM6 and Armatimonadetes. At the family level, Porphyromonadaceae (28.1, 40.6, and 53.5% abundance in foregut, midgut, and hindgut, respectively) and Spirochaetaceae (foregut = 9%, midgut = 16%, hindgut = 21.6%) emerged as dominant families in the termite's gut regions. Enriched operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were most abundant in the foregut (28), followed by the hindgut (14), while the midgut exhibited enrichment of only two OTUs. Furthermore, the functional analyses revealed distinct influences of bacterial symbionts on various metabolic pathways, particularly carbohydrate and energy metabolisms of the host. Overall, these results underscore significant variations in the structure of the bacterial community among different gut regions of C. formosanus, suggesting unique functional roles of specific bacteria, thereby inspiring further investigations to resolve the crosstalk between host and microbiomes in individual gut-regions of the termite.},
}
@article {pmid38846569,
year = {2024},
author = {Chen, T and Wang, T and Du, M and Malik, K and Li, C and Bao, G},
title = {Discovery of Epichloë as novel endophytes of Psathyrostachys lanuginosa in China and their alkaloid profiling.},
journal = {Frontiers in microbiology},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1383923},
pmid = {38846569},
issn = {1664-302X},
abstract = {The Epichloë genus represents a significant group of above-ground endophytes extensively researched for their potential applications in agriculture and ecology. Additionally, Epichloë species synthesize bioactive alkaloids, which generally cause health problems in livestock and have detrimental effects on the performance of insect herbivores. Psathyrostachys lanuginosa serves as a valuable forage grass for livestock owing to its high nutritional value and resilience in adverse environmental conditions. Nevertheless, to date, no reports have documented Epichloë as endophytes of P. lanuginosa. In this study, four strains (PF5, PF9, QG2, and QG4) were isolated and identified through morphological, molecular, and phylogenetic analyses as endophytes of P. lanuginosa. Morphological analysis indicated colony characteristics and conidia features consistent with symbiotic Epichloë, with no significant differences observed in growth rates or conidia dimensions among the four strains. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed all strains as E. bromicola. Additionally, alkaloid biosynthetic genes were detected, revealing differences in the potential synthesis of peramine and indole diterpenoid alkaloids among strains from different geographic origins. However, all four E. bromicola strains exhibited similar potential for synthesizing ergot alkaloids, but not loline alkaloids. Overall, this study identified P. lanuginosa as a novel host for E. bromicola and provided insights into the alkaloid profiles of these strains, laying a solid foundation for the scientific and rational utilization of Epichloë resources.},
}
@article {pmid38846356,
year = {2024},
author = {Pfail, J and Drobner, J and Doppalapudi, K and Saraiya, B and Packiam, V and Ghodoussipour, S},
title = {The Role of Tumor and Host Microbiome on Immunotherapy Response in Urologic Cancers.},
journal = {Journal of cancer immunology},
volume = {6},
number = {1},
pages = {1-13},
pmid = {38846356},
issn = {2689-968X},
support = {P30 CA072720/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States ; },
abstract = {INTRODUCTION &amp; OBJECTIVE: The role of the microbiome in the development and treatment of genitourinary malignancies is just starting to be appreciated. Accumulating evidence suggests that the microbiome can modulate immunotherapy through signaling in the highly dynamic tumor microenvironment. Nevertheless, much is still unknown about the immuno-oncology-microbiome axis, especially in urologic oncology. The objective of this review is to synthesize our current understanding of the microbiome's role in modulating and predicting immunotherapy response to genitourinary malignancies.<br><br>METHODS: A literature search for peer-reviewed publications about the microbiome and immunotherapy response in bladder, kidney, and prostate cancer was conducted. All research available in PubMed, Google Scholar, clinicaltrials.gov, and bioRxiv up to September 2023 was analyzed.<br><br>RESULTS: Significant differences in urinary microbiota composition have been found in patients with genitourinary cancers compared to healthy controls. Lactic acid-producing bacteria, such as Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus genera, may have value in augmenting BCG responsiveness to bladder cancer. BCG may also be a dynamic regulator of PD-L1. Thus, the combination of BCG and immune checkpoint inhibitors may be an effective strategy for bladder cancer management. In advanced renal cell carcinoma, studies show that recent antibiotic administration negatively impacts survival outcomes in patients undergoing immunotherapy, while administration of CBM588, a live bacterial product, is associated with improved progression-free survival. Specific bacterial taxa, such as Streptococcus salivarius, have been linked with response to pembrolizumab in metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer. Fecal microbiota transplant has been shown to overcome resistance and reduce toxicity to immunotherapy; it is currently being investigated for both kidney and prostate cancers.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Although the exact mechanism is unclear, several studies identify a symbiotic relationship between microbiota-centered interventions and immunotherapy efficacy. It is possible to improve immunotherapy responsiveness in genitourinary malignancies using the microbiome, but further research with more standardized methodology is warranted.},
}
@article {pmid38845857,
year = {2024},
author = {Liu, H and Zhang, M and Xu, L and Xue, F and Chen, W and Wang, C},
title = {Unlocking fungal quorum sensing: Oxylipins and yeast interactions enhance secondary metabolism in monascus.},
journal = {Heliyon},
volume = {10},
number = {11},
pages = {e31619},
pmid = {38845857},
issn = {2405-8440},
abstract = {Exploring the symbiotic potential between fungal and yeast species, this study investigates the co-cultivation dynamics of Monascus, a prolific producer of pharmacologically relevant secondary metabolites, and Wickerhamomyce anomalous. The collaborative interaction between these microorganisms catalyzed a substantial elevation in the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, prominently Monacolin K and natural pigments. Central to our discoveries was the identification and enhanced production of oxylipins (13S-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid，13S-HODE), putative quorum-sensing molecules, within the co-culture environment. Augmentation with exogenous oxylipins not only boosted Monacolin K production by over half but also mirrored morphological adaptations in Monascus, affecting both spores and mycelial structures. This augmentation was paralleled by a significant upregulation in the transcriptional activity of genes integral to the Monacolin K biosynthetic pathway, as well as genes implicated in pigment and spore formation. Through elucidating the interconnected roles of quorum sensing, G-protein-coupled receptors, and the G-protein-mediate signaling pathway, this study provides a comprehensive view of the molecular underpinnings facilitating these metabolic enhancements. Collectively, our findings illuminate the profound influence of Wickerhamomyces anomalous co-culture on Monascus purpureus, advocating for oxylipins as a pivotal quorum-sensing mechanism driving the observed symbiotic benefits.},
}
@article {pmid38845198,
year = {2024},
author = {Cervantes-Pérez, SA and Zogli, P and Amini, S and Thibivilliers, S and Tennant, S and Hossain, MS and Xu, H and Meyer, I and Nooka, A and Ma, P and Yao, Q and Naldrett, MJ and Farmer, A and Martin, O and Bhattacharya, S and Kläver, J and Libault, M},
title = {Single-cell transcriptome atlases of soybean root and mature nodule reveal new regulatory programs controlling the nodulation process.},
journal = {Plant communications},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {100984},
doi = {10.1016/j.xplc.2024.100984},
pmid = {38845198},
issn = {2590-3462},
abstract = {The soybean root system is complex. In addition to being composed of various cell types, the soybean root system includes the primary root, the lateral roots, and the nodule, an organ in which mutualistic symbiosis with the N-fixing rhizobia occurs. A mature soybean root nodule is characterized by a central infection zone where the atmospheric nitrogen is fixed and assimilated by the symbiont, resulting from the close cooperation between the plant cell and the bacteria. To date, the transcriptome of individual cells isolated from developing soybean nodules has been established, but the transcriptomic signatures of the cells of the mature soybean nodule have not yet been characterized. Applying single nucleus RNA-seq and Molecular Cartography[TM] technologies, we precisely characterized the transcriptomic signature of the soybean root and mature nodule cell types and revealed the co-existence of different sub-populations of B. diazoefficiens-infected cells in the mature soybean nodule including those actively involved in nitrogen fixation, and those engaged in senescence. The mining of the single cell-resolution nodule transcriptome atlas and associated gene co-expression network confirmed the role of known nodulation-related genes and identified new genes controlling the nodulation process. For instance, we functionally characterized the role of GmFWL3, a plasma membrane microdomain-associated protein controlling rhizobia infection. Our study reveals the unique cellular complexity of the mature soybean nodule and helps redefine the concept of cell types when considering the infection zone of the soybean nodule.},
}
@article {pmid38845047,
year = {2024},
author = {Zhang, K and He, C and Wang, L and Suo, L and Guo, M and Guo, J and Zhang, T and Xu, Y and Lei, Y and Liu, G and Qian, Q and Mao, Y and Kalds, P and Wu, Y and Cuoji, A and Yang, Y and Brugger, D and Gan, S and Wang, M and Wang, X and Zhao, F and Chen, Y},
title = {Compendium of 5810 genomes of sheep and goat gut microbiomes provides new insights into the glycan and mucin utilization.},
journal = {Microbiome},
volume = {12},
number = {1},
pages = {104},
pmid = {38845047},
issn = {2049-2618},
support = {2023-6-2-1//Young Talent Fund of Association for Science and Technology in Shaanxi, China/ ; 2022GD-TSLD-46//"Double-chain" project on livestock breeding/ ; XZ202101ZD0001N//Science and Technology Plan Projects of Tibet Autonomous Region/ ; CARS-39//Agriculture Research System of China/ ; CARS-39//Agriculture Research System of China/ ; 2022YFD1300203//National Key Research and Development Program of China/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Goats/microbiology ; Sheep/microbiology ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; *Mucins/metabolism ; *Polysaccharides/metabolism ; *Bacteria/classification/genetics/metabolism ; *Feces/microbiology ; Metagenome ; Genome, Bacterial ; Metagenomics/methods ; Phylogeny ; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Ruminant gut microbiota are critical in ecological adaptation, evolution, and nutrition utilization because it regulates energy metabolism, promotes nutrient absorption, and improves immune function. To study the functional roles of key gut microbiota in sheep and goats, it is essential to construct reference microbial gene catalogs and high-quality microbial genomes database.<br><br>RESULTS: A total of 320 fecal samples were collected from 21 different sheep and goat breeds, originating from 32 distinct farms. Metagenomic deep sequencing and binning assembly were utilized to construct a comprehensive microbial genome information database for the gut microbiota. We successfully generated the largest reference gene catalogs for gut microbiota in sheep and goats, containing over 162 million and 82 million nonredundant predicted genes, respectively, with 49 million shared nonredundant predicted genes and 1138 shared species. We found that the rearing environment has a greater impact on microbial composition and function than the host's species effect. Through subsequent assembly, we obtained 5810 medium- and high-quality metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs), out of which 2661 were yet unidentified species. Among these MAGs, we identified 91 bacterial taxa that specifically colonize the sheep gut, which encode polysaccharide utilization loci for glycan and mucin degradation.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: By shedding light on the co-symbiotic microbial communities in the gut of small ruminants, our study significantly enhances the understanding of their nutrient degradation and disease susceptibility. Our findings emphasize the vast potential of untapped resources in functional bacterial species within ruminants, further expanding our knowledge of how the ruminant gut microbiota recognizes and processes glycan and mucins. Video Abstract.},
}
@article {pmid38844667,
year = {2024},
author = {Patra, D and Pal, KK and Mandal, S},
title = {Inter-species interaction of bradyrhizobia affects their colonization and plant growth promotion in Arachis hypogaea.},
journal = {World journal of microbiology &amp; biotechnology},
volume = {40},
number = {8},
pages = {234},
pmid = {38844667},
issn = {1573-0972},
support = {BT/PR23731/BPA/118/344/2017//Department of Biotechnology, Government of West Bengal/ ; BT/PR23731/BPA/118/344/2017//Department of Biotechnology, Government of West Bengal/ ; },
mesh = {*Arachis/microbiology/growth &amp; development ; *Bradyrhizobium/growth &amp; development/physiology ; *Nitrogen Fixation ; *Symbiosis ; *Plant Roots/microbiology/growth &amp; development ; *Plant Root Nodulation ; *Root Nodules, Plant/microbiology/growth &amp; development ; *Biofilms/growth &amp; development ; Polysaccharides, Bacterial/metabolism ; Microbial Interactions ; Plant Development ; },
abstract = {Bradyrhizobia are the principal symbiotic partner of the leguminous plant and take active part in biological nitrogen-fixation. The present investigation explores the underlying competition among different strains during colonization in host roots. Six distinct GFP and RFP-tagged Bradyrhizobium strains were engineered to track them inside the peanut roots either independently or in combination. The Bradyrhizobium strains require different time-spans ranging from 4 to 21 days post-infection (dpi) for successful colonization which further varies in presence of another strain. While most of the individual strains enhanced the shoot and root dry weight, number of nodules, and nitrogen fixation capabilities of the host plants, no significant enhancement of plant growth and nodulation efficiency was observed when they were allowed to colonize in combinations. However, if among the combinations one strains is SEMIA 6144, the co-infection results in higher growth and nodulation efficiency of the hosts. From the competition experiments it has been found that Bradyrhizobium japonicum SEMIA 6144 was found to be the most dominant strain for effective nodulation in peanut. The extent of biofilm and exopolysaccharide (EPS) production by these isolates, individually or in combinations, were envisaged to correlate whether these parameters have any impact on the symbiotic association. But the extent of colonization, growth-promotion and nitrogen-fixation ability drastically lowered when a strain present together with other Bradyrhizobium strain. Therefore, it is imperative to understand the interaction between two co-inoculating Bradyrhizobium species for nodulation followed by plant growth promotion to develop suitable consortia for enhancing BNF in peanut and possibly for other legumes.},
}
@article {pmid38844388,
year = {2024},
author = {Wang, Y and Liao, R and Pan, H and Wang, X and Wan, X and Han, B and Song, C},
title = {Comparative metabolic profiling of the mycelium and fermentation broth of Penicillium restrictum from Peucedanum praeruptorum rhizosphere.},
journal = {Environmental microbiology reports},
volume = {16},
number = {3},
pages = {e13286},
doi = {10.1111/1758-2229.13286},
pmid = {38844388},
issn = {1758-2229},
support = {2060302//China Agricultural Research System of MOF and MARA/ ; 2023YFC3503804//National Key R&amp;D Program of China/ ; TCMRPSU-2022-04//Open Fund of Anhui Engineering Laboratory for Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources/ ; TCMADM-2023-03//Open Fund of Anhui Dabieshan Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine/ ; 2022sysx033//Demonstration Experiment Training Center of Anhui Provincial Department of Education/ ; },
mesh = {*Rhizosphere ; *Mycelium/metabolism/growth &amp; development ; *Penicillium/metabolism/genetics ; *Fermentation ; Plant Roots/microbiology ; Metabolome ; Metabolomics ; Soil Microbiology ; Metabolic Networks and Pathways/genetics ; },
abstract = {Microorganisms in the rhizosphere, particularly arbuscular mycorrhiza, have a broad symbiotic relationship with their host plants. One of the major fungi isolated from the rhizosphere of Peucedanum praeruptorum is Penicillium restrictum. The relationship between the metabolites of P. restrictum and the root exudates of P. praeruptorum is being investigated. The accumulation of metabolites in the mycelium and fermentation broth of P. restrictum was analysed over different fermentation periods. Non-targeted metabolomics was used to compare the differences in intracellular and extracellular metabolites over six periods. There were significant differences in the content and types of mycelial metabolites during the incubation. Marmesin, an important intermediate in the biosynthesis of coumarins, was found in the highest amount on the fourth day of incubation. The differential metabolites were screened to obtain 799 intracellular and 468 extracellular differential metabolites. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis showed that the highly enriched extracellular metabolic pathways were alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism, glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism, and terpenoid backbone biosynthesis. In addition, the enrichment analysis associated with intracellular and extracellular ATP-binding cassette transporter proteins revealed that some ATP-binding cassette transporters may be involved in the transportation of certain amino acids and carbohydrates. Our results provide some theoretical basis for the regulatory mechanisms between the rhizosphere and the host plant and pave the way for the heterologous production of furanocoumarin.},
}
@article {pmid38844351,
year = {2024},
author = {Wang, Z and Lajoie, G and Jiang, Y and Zhang, M and Chu, C and Chen, Y and Fang, S and Jin, G and Jiang, M and Lian, J and Li, Y and Liu, Y and Ma, K and Mi, X and Qiao, X and Wang, X and Wang, X and Xu, H and Ye, W and Zhu, L and Zhu, Y and He, F and Kembel, SW},
title = {Host specificity of plant-associated bacteria is negatively associated with genome size and host abundance along a latitudinal gradient.},
journal = {Ecology letters},
volume = {27},
number = {6},
pages = {e14447},
doi = {10.1111/ele.14447},
pmid = {38844351},
issn = {1461-0248},
support = {//Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada/ ; //China Scholarship Council/ ; //Canada Research Chairs/ ; },
mesh = {*Host Specificity ; *Symbiosis ; *Genome Size ; *Plant Leaves/microbiology ; Bacteria/genetics/classification ; Genome, Bacterial ; Trees/microbiology ; },
abstract = {Host specialization plays a critical role in the ecology and evolution of plant-microbe symbiosis. Theory predicts that host specialization is associated with microbial genome streamlining and is influenced by the abundance of host species, both of which can vary across latitudes, leading to a latitudinal gradient in host specificity. Here, we quantified the host specificity and composition of plant-bacteria symbioses on leaves across 329 tree species spanning a latitudinal gradient. Our analysis revealed a predominance of host-specialized leaf bacteria. The degree of host specificity was negatively correlated with bacterial genome size and the local abundance of host plants. Additionally, we found an increased host specificity at lower latitudes, aligning with the high prevalence of small bacterial genomes and rare host species in the tropics. These findings underscore the importance of genome streamlining and host abundance in the evolution of host specificity in plant-associated bacteria along the latitudinal gradient.},
}
@article {pmid38842327,
year = {2024},
author = {Sosa-Jiménez, VM and Kvist, S and Manzano-Marín, A and Oceguera-Figueroa, A},
title = {Discovery of a novel symbiotic lineage associated with a hematophagous leech from the genus Haementeria.},
journal = {Microbiology spectrum},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e0428623},
doi = {10.1128/spectrum.04286-23},
pmid = {38842327},
issn = {2165-0497},
abstract = {UNLABELLED: Similarly to other strict blood feeders, leeches from the Haementeria genus (Hirudinida: Glossiphoniidae) have established a symbiotic association with bacteria harbored intracellularly in esophageal bacteriomes. Previous genome sequence analyses of these endosymbionts revealed co-divergence with their hosts, a strong genome reduction, and a simplified metabolism largely dedicated to the production of B vitamins, which are nutrients lacking from a blood diet. 'Candidatus Providencia siddallii' has been identified as the obligate nutritional endosymbiont of a monophyletic clade of Mexican and South American Haementeria spp. However, the Haementeria genus includes a sister clade of congeners from Central and South America, where the presence or absence of the aforementioned symbiont taxon remains unknown. In this work, we report on a novel bacterial endosymbiont found in a representative from this Haementeria clade. We found that this symbiont lineage has evolved from within the Pluralibacter genus, known mainly from clinical but also environmental strains. Similarly to Ca. Providencia siddallii, the Haementeria-associated Pluralibacter symbiont displays clear signs of genome reduction, accompanied by an A+T-biased sequence composition. Genomic analysis of its metabolic potential revealed a retention of pathways related to B vitamin biosynthesis, supporting its role as a nutritional endosymbiont. Finally, comparative genomics of both Haementeria symbiont lineages suggests that an ancient Providencia symbiont was likely replaced by the novel Pluralibacter one, thus constituting the first reported case of nutritional symbiont replacement in a leech without morphological changes in the bacteriome.<br><br>IMPORTANCE: Obligate symbiotic associations with a nutritional base have likely evolved more than once in strict blood-feeding leeches. Unlike those symbioses found in hematophagous arthropods, the nature, identity, and evolutionary history of these remains poorly studied. In this work, we further explored obligate nutritional associations between Haementeria leeches and their microbial symbionts, which led to the unexpected discovery of a novel symbiosis with a member of the Pluralibacter genus. When compared to Providencia siddallii, an obligate nutritional symbiont of other Haementeria leeches, this novel bacterial symbiont shows convergent retention of the metabolic pathways involved in B vitamin biosynthesis. Moreover, the genomic characteristics of this Pluralibacter symbiont suggest a more recent association than that of Pr. siddallii and Haementeria. We conclude that the once-thought stable associations between blood-feeding Glossiphoniidae and their symbionts (i.e., one bacteriome structure, one symbiont lineage) can break down, mirroring symbiont turnover observed in various arthropod lineages.},
}
@article {pmid38842312,
year = {2024},
author = {Klepa, MS and diCenzo, GC and Hungria, M},
title = {Comparative genomic analysis of Bradyrhizobium strains with natural variability in the efficiency of nitrogen fixation, competitiveness, and adaptation to stressful edaphoclimatic conditions.},
journal = {Microbiology spectrum},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e0026024},
doi = {10.1128/spectrum.00260-24},
pmid = {38842312},
issn = {2165-0497},
abstract = {Bradyrhizobium is known for fixing atmospheric nitrogen in symbiosis with agronomically important crops. This study focused on two groups of strains, each containing eight natural variants of the parental strains, Bradyrhizobium japonicum SEMIA 586 (=CNPSo 17) or Bradyrhizobium diazoefficiens SEMIA 566 (=CNPSo 10). CNPSo 17 and CNPSo 10 were used as commercial inoculants for soybean crops in Brazil at the beginning of the crop expansion in the southern region in the 1960s-1970s. Variants derived from these parental strains were obtained in the late 1980s through a strain selection program aimed at identifying elite strains adapted to a new cropping frontier in the central-western Cerrado region, with a higher capacity of biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) and competitiveness. Here, we aimed to detect genetic variations possibly related to BNF, competitiveness for nodule occupancy, and adaptation to the stressful conditions of the Brazilian Cerrado soils. High-quality genome assemblies were produced for all strains. The core genome phylogeny revealed that strains of each group are closely related, as confirmed by high average nucleotide identity values. However, variants accumulated divergences resulting from horizontal gene transfer, genomic rearrangements, and nucleotide polymorphisms. The B. japonicum group presented a larger pangenome and a higher number of nucleotide polymorphisms than the B. diazoefficiens group, possibly due to its longer adaptation time to the Cerrado soil. Interestingly, five strains of the B. japonicum group carry two plasmids. The genetic variability found in both groups is discussed considering the observed differences in their BNF capacity, competitiveness for nodule occupancy, and environmental adaptation.IMPORTANCEToday, Brazil is a global leader in the study and use of biological nitrogen fixation with soybean crops. As Brazilian soils are naturally void of soybean-compatible bradyrhizobia, strain selection programs were established, starting with foreign isolates. Selection searched for adaptation to the local edaphoclimatic conditions, higher efficiency of nitrogen fixation, and strong competitiveness for nodule occupancy. We analyzed the genomes of two parental strains of Bradyrhizobium japonicum and Bradyrhizobium diazoefficiens and eight variant strains derived from each parental strain. We detected two plasmids in five strains and several genetic differences that might be related to adaptation to the stressful conditions of the soils of the Brazilian Cerrado biome. We also detected genetic variations in specific regions that may impact symbiotic nitrogen fixation. Our analysis contributes to new insights into the evolution of Bradyrhizobium, and some of the identified differences may be applied as genetic markers to assist strain selection programs.},
}
@article {pmid38841467,
year = {2024},
author = {Ali, MA and Ahmed, T and Ibrahim, E and Rizwan, M and Chong, KP and Yong, JWH},
title = {A review on mechanisms and prospects of endophytic bacteria in biocontrol of plant pathogenic fungi and their plant growth-promoting activities.},
journal = {Heliyon},
volume = {10},
number = {11},
pages = {e31573},
pmid = {38841467},
issn = {2405-8440},
abstract = {Endophytic bacteria, living inside plants, are competent plant colonizers, capable of enhancing immune responses in plants and establishing a symbiotic relationship with them. Endophytic bacteria are able to control phytopathogenic fungi while exhibiting plant growth-promoting activity. Here, we discussed the mechanisms of phytopathogenic fungi control and plant growth-promoting actions discovered in some major groups of beneficial endophytic bacteria such as Bacillus, Paenibacillus, and Pseudomonas. Most of the studied strains in these genera were isolated from the rhizosphere and soils, and a more extensive study of these endophytic bacteria is needed. It is essential to understand the underlying biocontrol and plant growth-promoting mechanisms and to develop an effective screening approach for selecting potential endophytic bacteria for various applications. We have suggested a screening strategy to identify potentially useful endophytic bacteria based on mechanistic phenomena. The discovery of endophytic bacteria with useful biocontrol and plant growth-promoting characteristics is essential for developing sustainable agriculture.},
}
@article {pmid38836935,
year = {2024},
author = {Deng, S and Pan, L and Ke, T and Liang, J and Zhang, R and Chen, H and Tang, M and Hu, W},
title = {Rhizophagus Irregularis regulates flavonoids metabolism in paper mulberry roots under cadmium stress.},
journal = {Mycorrhiza},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {38836935},
issn = {1432-1890},
support = {32001289//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; },
abstract = {Broussonetia papyrifera is widely found in cadmium (Cd) contaminated areas, with an inherent enhanced flavonoids metabolism and inhibited lignin biosynthesis, colonized by lots of symbiotic fungi, such as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). However, the physiological and molecular mechanisms by which Rhizophagus irregularis, an AM fungus, regulates flavonoids and lignin in B. papyrifera under Cd stress remain unclear. Here, a pot experiment of B. papyrifera inoculated and non-inoculated with R. irregularis under Cd stress was carried out. We determined flavonoids and lignin concentrations in B. papyrifera roots by LC-MS and GC-MS, respectively, and measured the transcriptional levels of flavonoids- or lignin-related genes in B. papyrifera roots, aiming to ascertain the key components of flavonoids or lignin, and key genes regulated by R. irregularis in response to Cd stress. Without R. irregularis, the concentrations of eriodictyol, quercetin and myricetin were significantly increased under Cd stress. The concentrations of eriodictyol and genistein were significantly increased by R. irregularis, while the concentration of rutin was significantly decreased. Total lignin and lignin monomer had no alteration under Cd stress or with R. irregularis inoculation. As for flavonoids- or lignin-related genes, 26 genes were co-regulated by Cd stress and R. irregularis. Among these genes, BpC4H2, BpCHS8 and BpCHI5 were strongly positively associated with eriodictyol, indicating that these three genes participate in eriodictyol biosynthesis and were involved in R. irregularis assisting B. papyrifera to cope with Cd stress. This lays a foundation for further research revealing molecular mechanisms by which R. irregularis regulates flavonoids synthesis to enhance tolerance of B. papyrifera to Cd stress.},
}
@article {pmid38836469,
year = {2024},
author = {Lockwood, MB and Sung, C and Alvernaz, SA and Lee, JR and Chin, JL and Nayebpour, M and Bernabé, BP and Tussing-Humphreys, LM and Li, H and Spaggiari, M and Martinino, A and Park, CG and Chlipala, GE and Doorenbos, AZ and Green, SJ},
title = {The Gut Microbiome and Symptom Burden After Kidney Transplantation: An Overview and Research Opportunities.},
journal = {Biological research for nursing},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {10998004241256031},
doi = {10.1177/10998004241256031},
pmid = {38836469},
issn = {1552-4175},
abstract = {Many kidney transplant recipients continue to experience high symptom burden despite restoration of kidney function. High symptom burden is a significant driver of quality of life. In the post-transplant setting, high symptom burden has been linked to negative outcomes including medication non-adherence, allograft rejection, graft loss, and even mortality. Symbiotic bacteria (microbiota) in the human gastrointestinal tract critically interact with the immune, endocrine, and neurological systems to maintain homeostasis of the host. The gut microbiome has been proposed as an underlying mechanism mediating symptoms in several chronic medical conditions including irritable bowel syndrome, chronic fatigue syndrome, fibromyalgia, and psychoneurological disorders via the gut-brain-microbiota axis, a bidirectional signaling pathway between the enteric and central nervous system. Post-transplant exposure to antibiotics, antivirals, and immunosuppressant medications results in significant alterations in gut microbiota community composition and function, which in turn alter these commensal microorganisms' protective effects. This overview will discuss the current state of the science on the effects of the gut microbiome on symptom burden in kidney transplantation and future directions to guide this field of study.},
}
@article {pmid38834652,
year = {2024},
author = {Nakayama, T and Nomura, M and Yabuki, A and Shiba, K and Inaba, K and Inagaki, Y},
title = {Convergent reductive evolution of cyanobacteria in symbiosis with Dinophysiales dinoflagellates.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {14},
number = {1},
pages = {12774},
pmid = {38834652},
issn = {2045-2322},
support = {20H03305//Japan Society for the Promotion of Science/ ; JP16H06280//Japan Society for the Promotion of Science/ ; 18KK0203//Japan Society for the Promotion of Science/ ; },
mesh = {*Dinoflagellida/genetics/physiology ; *Symbiosis/genetics ; *Cyanobacteria/genetics/classification ; *Phylogeny ; *Genome, Bacterial ; Evolution, Molecular ; },
abstract = {The diversity of marine cyanobacteria has been extensively studied due to their vital roles in ocean primary production. However, little is understood about the diversity of cyanobacterial species involved in symbiotic relationships. In this study, we successfully sequenced the complete genome of a cyanobacterium in symbiosis with Citharistes regius, a dinoflagellate species thriving in the open ocean. A phylogenomic analysis revealed that the cyanobacterium (CregCyn) belongs to the marine picocyanobacterial lineage, akin to another cyanobacterial symbiont (OmCyn) of a different dinoflagellate closely related to Citharistes. Nevertheless, these two symbionts are representing distinct lineages, suggesting independent origins of their symbiotic lifestyles. Despite the distinct origins, the genome analyses of CregCyn revealed shared characteristics with OmCyn, including an obligate symbiotic relationship with the host dinoflagellates and a degree of genome reduction. In contrast, a detailed analysis of genome subregions unveiled that the CregCyn genome carries genomic islands that are not found in the OmCyn genome. The presence of the genomic islands implies that exogenous genes have been integrated into the CregCyn genome at some point in its evolution. This study contributes to our understanding of the complex history of the symbiosis between dinoflagellates and cyanobacteria, as well as the genomic diversity of marine picocyanobacteria.},
}
@article {pmid38832864,
year = {2024},
author = {Yashima, R and Terata, Y and Sakamoto, K and Watanabe, M and Takeshita, K},
title = {Paraburkholderia largidicola sp. nov., a gut symbiont of the bordered plant bug Physopelta gutta.},
journal = {International journal of systematic and evolutionary microbiology},
volume = {74},
number = {6},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1099/ijsem.0.006411},
pmid = {38832864},
issn = {1466-5034},
mesh = {*Base Composition ; *Phylogeny ; *DNA, Bacterial/genetics ; Animals ; *RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics ; *Bacterial Typing Techniques ; *Symbiosis ; *Fatty Acids/chemistry ; *Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; *Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Japan ; Heteroptera/microbiology ; Gastrointestinal Tract/microbiology ; },
abstract = {Gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming, motile bacteria, designated strains F2[T] and PGU16, were isolated from the midgut crypts of the bordered plant bug Physopelta gutta, collected in Okinawa prefecture, Japan. Although these strains were derived from different host individuals collected at different times, their 16S rRNA gene sequences were identical and showed the highest similarity to Paraburkholderia caribensis MWAP64[T] (99.3 %). The genome of strain F2[T] consisted of two chromosomes and two plasmids, and its size and G+C content were 9.28 Mb and 62.4 mol% respectively; on the other hand, that of strain PGU16 consisted of two chromosomes and three plasmids, and its size and G+C content were 9.47 Mb and 62.4 mol%, respectively. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that these two strains are members of the genus Paraburkholderia. The digital DNA-DNA hybridization value between these two strains was 92.4 %; on the other hand, the values between strain F2[T] and P. caribensis MWAP64[T] or phylogenetically closely related Paraburkholderia species were 44.3 % or below 49.1 %. The predominant fatty acids of both strains were C16 : 0, C17 : 0 cyclo, summed feature 8 (C18 : 1 ω7c/C18 : 1 ω6c), and C19 : 0 cyclo ω8c, and their respiratory quinone was ubiquinone 8. Based on the above genotypic and phenotypic characteristics, strains F2[T] and PGU16 represent a novel species of the genus Paraburkholderia for which the name Paraburkholderia largidicola sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is F2[T] (=NBRC 115765[T]=LMG 32765[T]).},
}
@article {pmid38832787,
year = {2024},
author = {Du, Z and Nakagawa, A and Fang, J and Ridwan, R and Astuti, WD and Sarwono, KA and Sofyan, A and Widyastuti, Y and Cai, Y},
title = {Cleaner anaerobic fermentation and greenhouse gas reduction of crop straw.},
journal = {Microbiology spectrum},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e0052024},
doi = {10.1128/spectrum.00520-24},
pmid = {38832787},
issn = {2165-0497},
abstract = {Rice anaerobic fermentation is a significant source of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and in order to efficiently utilize crop residue resources to reduce GHG emissions, rice straw anaerobic fermentation was regulated using lactic acid bacteria (LAB) inoculants (FG1 and TH14), grass medium (GM) to culture LAB, and Acremonim cellulolyticus (AC). Microbial community, GHG emission, dry matter (DM) loss, and anaerobic fermentation were analyzed using PacBio single-molecule real-time and anaerobic fermentation system. The epiphytic microbial diversity of fresh rice straw was extremely rich and contained certain nutrients and minerals. During ensiling, large amounts of GHG such as carbon dioxide are produced due to plant respiration, enzymatic hydrolysis reactions, and proliferation of aerobic bacteria, resulting in energy and DM loss. Addition of FG1, TH14, and AC alone improved anaerobic fermentation by decreasing pH and ammonia nitrogen content (P < 0.05) and increased lactic acid content (P < 0.05) when compared to the control, and GM showed the same additive effect as LAB inoculants. Microbial additives formed a co-occurrence microbial network system dominated by LAB, enhanced the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, diversified the microbial metabolic environment and carbohydrate metabolic pathways, weakened the amino acid metabolic pathways, and made the anaerobic fermentation cleaner. This study is of great significance for the effective utilization of crop straw resources, the promotion of sustainable livestock production, and the reduction of GHG emissions.IMPORTANCETo effectively utilize crop by-product resources, we applied microbial additives to silage fermentation of fresh rice straw. Fresh rice straw is extremely rich in microbial diversity, which was significantly reduced after silage fermentation, and its nutrients were well preserved. Silage fermentation was improved by microbial additives, where the combination of cellulase and lactic acid bacteria acted as enzyme-bacteria synergists to promote lactic acid fermentation and inhibit the proliferation of harmful bacteria, such as protein degradation and gas production, thereby reducing GHG emissions and DM losses. The microbial additives accelerated the formation of a symbiotic microbial network system dominated by lactic acid bacteria, which regulated silage fermentation and improved microbial metabolic pathways for carbohydrates and amino acids, as well as biosynthesis of secondary metabolites.},
}
@article {pmid38832111,
year = {2024},
author = {Cantin, LJ and Gregory, V and Blum, LN and Foster, JM},
title = {Dual RNA-seq in filarial nematodes and Wolbachia endosymbionts using RNase H based ribosomal RNA depletion.},
journal = {Frontiers in microbiology},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1418032},
pmid = {38832111},
issn = {1664-302X},
abstract = {Lymphatic filariasis is caused by parasitic nematodes and is a leading cause of disability worldwide. Many filarial worms contain the bacterium Wolbachia as an obligate endosymbiont. RNA sequencing is a common technique used to study their molecular relationships and to identify potential drug targets against the nematode and bacteria. Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is the most abundant RNA species, accounting for 80-90% of the RNA in a sample. To reduce sequencing costs, it is necessary to remove ribosomal reads through poly-A enrichment or ribosomal depletion. Bacterial RNA does not contain a poly-A tail, making it difficult to sequence both the nematode and Wolbachia from the same library preparation using standard poly-A selection. Ribosomal depletion can utilize species-specific oligonucleotide probes to remove rRNA through pull-down or degradation methods. While species-specific probes are commercially available for many commonly studied model organisms, there are currently limited depletion options for filarial parasites. Here, we performed total RNA sequencing from Brugia malayi containing the Wolbachia symbiont (wBm) and designed ssDNA depletion probes against their rRNA sequences. We compared the total RNA library to poly-A enriched, Terminator 5'-Phosphate-Dependent Exonuclease treated, NEBNext Human/Bacteria rRNA depleted and our custom nematode probe depleted libraries. The custom nematode depletion library had the lowest percentage of ribosomal reads across all methods, with a 300-fold decrease in rRNA when compared to the total RNA library. The nematode depletion libraries also contained the highest percentage of Wolbachia mRNA reads, resulting in a 16-1,000-fold increase in bacterial reads compared to the other enrichment and depletion methods. Finally, we found that the Brugia malayi depletion probes can remove rRNA from the filarial worm Dirofilaria immitis and the majority of rRNA from the more distantly related free living nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. These custom filarial probes will allow for future dual RNA-seq experiments between nematodes and their bacterial symbionts from a single sequencing library.},
}
@article {pmid38830287,
year = {2024},
author = {Satiro, J and Gomes, A and Florencio, L and Simões, R and Albuquerque, A},
title = {Effect of microalgae and bacteria inoculation on the startup of bioreactors for paper pulp wastewater and biofuel production.},
journal = {Journal of environmental management},
volume = {362},
number = {},
pages = {121305},
doi = {10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.121305},
pmid = {38830287},
issn = {1095-8630},
abstract = {The use of microalgae and bacteria as a strategy for the startup of bioreactors for the treatment of industrial wastewater can be a sustainable and economically viable alternative. This technology model provides satisfactory results in the nitrification and denitrification process for nitrogen removal, organic matter removal, biomass growth, sedimentation, and byproducts recovery for added-value product production. The objective of this work was to evaluate the performance of microalgae and bacteria in their symbiotic process when used in the treatment of paper pulp industry wastewater. The experiment, lasting fourteen days, utilized four bioreactors with varying concentrations in mgVSS/L of microalgae to bacteria ratio (R1-100:100, R2-100:300, R3-100:500, R4-300:100) in the startup process. Regarding the sludge volumetric index (SVI), the results show that the R1 and R2 reactors developed SVI30/SVI10 biomass in the range of 85.57 ± 7.33% and 84.72 ± 8.19%, respectively. The lipid content in the biomass of reactors R1, R2, R3 e R4 was 13%, 7%, 19%, and 22%, respectively. This high oil content at the end of the batch, may be related to the nutritional stress that the species underwent during this feeding regime. In terms of chlorophyll, the bioreactor with an initial inoculation of 100:100 showed better symbiotic growth of microalgae and bacteria, allowing exponential growth of microalgae. The total chlorophyll value for this bioreactor was 801.46 ± 196.96 μg/L. Biological removal of nitrogen from wastewater from the paper pulp industry is a challenge due to the characteristics of the effluent, but the four reactors operated in a single batch obtained good nitrogen removal. Ammonia nitrogen removal performances were 91.55 ± 9.99%, 72.13 ± 19.18%, 64.04 ± 21.34%, and 86.15 ± 30.10% in R1, R2, R3, and R4, respectively.},
}
@article {pmid38829267,
year = {2024},
author = {Chang, X and Yang, Y and Cheng, X and Yin, X and Yu, J and Liu, YT and Ding, B},
title = {Multiphase Symbiotic Engineered Elastic Ceramic-Carbon Aerogels with Advanced Thermal Protection in Extreme Oxidative Environments.},
journal = {Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e2406055},
doi = {10.1002/adma.202406055},
pmid = {38829267},
issn = {1521-4095},
abstract = {Elastic aerogels could dissipate aerodynamic forces and thermal stresses by reversible slipping or deforming to avoid sudden failure caused by stress concentration, making them the most promising candidates for thermal protection in high-end aerospace applications. However, existing elastic aerogels face difficulties achieving reliable protection above 1500 °C in aerobic environments due to their poor thermomechanical stability and significantly increased thermal conductivity at elevated temperatures. Here, we propose a multiphase sequence and multiscale structural engineering strategy to synthesize mullite-carbon hybrid nanofibrous aerogels. The heterogeneous symbiotic effect between components simultaneously inhibits ceramic crystalline coarsening and carbon thermal etching, thus ensuring the thermal stability of the nanofiber building blocks. Efficient load transfer and high interfacial thermal resistance at crystalline-amorphous phase boundaries on the microscopic scale, coupled with mesoscale lamellar cellular and locally closed-pore structures, achieve rapid stress dissipation and thermal energy attenuation in aerogels. This robust thermal protection material system is compatible with ultralight density (30 mg cm[-3]), reversible compression strain of 60%, extraordinary thermomechanical stability (up to 1600 °C in oxidative environments), and ultralow thermal conductivity (50.58 mW m[-1] K[-1] at 300 °C), offering new options and possibilities to cope with the harsh operating environments faced by future space exploration. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.},
}
@article {pmid38827291,
year = {2024},
author = {Cunning, R and Lenz, EA and Edmunds, PJ},
title = {Measuring multi-year changes in the Symbiodiniaceae algae in Caribbean corals on coral-depleted reefs.},
journal = {PeerJ},
volume = {12},
number = {},
pages = {e17358},
pmid = {38827291},
issn = {2167-8359},
mesh = {Animals ; *Coral Reefs ; *Anthozoa/microbiology ; *Symbiosis ; Caribbean Region ; United States Virgin Islands ; Dinoflagellida/genetics/physiology ; },
abstract = {Monitoring coral cover can describe the ecology of reef degradation, but rarely can it reveal the proximal mechanisms of change, or achieve its full potential in informing conservation actions. Describing temporal variation in Symbiodiniaceae within corals can help address these limitations, but this is rarely a research priority. Here, we augmented an ecological time series of the coral reefs of St. John, US Virgin Islands, by describing the genetic complement of symbiotic algae in common corals. Seventy-five corals from nine species were marked and sampled in 2017. Of these colonies, 41% were sampled in 2018, and 72% in 2019; 28% could not be found and were assumed to have died. Symbiodiniaceae ITS2 sequencing identified 525 distinct sequences (comprising 42 ITS2 type profiles), and symbiont diversity differed among host species and individuals, but was in most cases preserved within hosts over 3 yrs that were marked by physical disturbances from major hurricanes (2017) and the regional onset of stony coral tissue loss disease (2019). While changes in symbiont communities were slight and stochastic over time within colonies, variation in the dominant symbionts among colonies was observed for all host species. Together, these results indicate that declining host abundances could lead to the loss of rare algal lineages that are found in a low proportion of few coral colonies left on many reefs, especially if coral declines are symbiont-specific. These findings highlight the importance of identifying Symbiodiniaceae as part of a time series of coral communities to support holistic conservation planning. Repeated sampling of tagged corals is unlikely to be viable for this purpose, because many Caribbean corals are dying before they can be sampled multiple times. Instead, random sampling of large numbers of corals may be more effective in capturing the diversity and temporal dynamics of Symbiodiniaceae metacommunities in reef corals.},
}
@article {pmid38827136,
year = {2024},
author = {Kim, KH and Kim, JM and Baek, JH and Jeong, SE and Kim, H and Yoon, HS and Jeon, CO},
title = {Metabolic relationships between marine red algae and algae-associated bacteria.},
journal = {Marine life science &amp; technology},
volume = {6},
number = {2},
pages = {298-314},
pmid = {38827136},
issn = {2662-1746},
abstract = {UNLABELLED: Mutualistic interactions between marine phototrophs and associated bacteria are an important strategy for their successful survival in the ocean, but little is known about their metabolic relationships. Here, bacterial communities in the algal sphere (AS) and bulk solution (BS) of nine marine red algal cultures were analyzed, and Roseibium and Phycisphaera were identified significantly more abundantly in AS than in BS. The metabolic features of Roseibium RMAR6-6 (isolated and genome-sequenced), Phycisphaera MAG 12 (obtained by metagenomic sequencing), and a marine red alga, Porphyridium purpureum CCMP1328 (from GenBank), were analyzed bioinformatically. RMAR6-6 has the genetic capability to fix nitrogen and produce B vitamins (B1, B2, B5, B6, B9, and B12), bacterioferritin, dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP), and phenylacetate that may enhance algal growth, whereas MAG 12 may have a limited metabolic capability, not producing vitamins B9 and B12, DMSP, phenylacetate, and siderophores, but with the ability to produce bacitracin, possibly modulating algal microbiome. P. purpureum CCMP1328 lacks the genetic capability to fix nitrogen and produce vitamin B12, DMSP, phenylacetate, and siderophore. It was shown that the nitrogen-fixing ability of RMAR6-6 promoted the growth of P. purpureum, and DMSP reduced the oxidative stress of P. purpureum. The metabolic interactions between strain RMAR6-6 and P. purpureum CCMP1328 were also investigated by the transcriptomic analyses of their monoculture and co-culture. Taken together, potential metabolic relationships between Roseibium and P. purpureum were proposed. This study provides a better understanding of the metabolic relationships between marine algae and algae-associated bacteria for successful growth.<br><br>SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s42995-024-00227-z.},
}
@article {pmid38825557,
year = {2024},
author = {Wang, R and Dijkstra, FA and Han, X and Jiang, Y},
title = {Root nitrogen reallocation: what makes it matter?.},
journal = {Trends in plant science},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.tplants.2024.04.009},
pmid = {38825557},
issn = {1878-4372},
abstract = {Root nitrogen (N) reallocation involves remobilization of root N-storage pools to support shoot growth. Representing a critical yet underexplored facet of plant function, we developed innovative frameworks to elucidate its connections with key ecosystem components. First, root N reallocation increases with plant species richness and N-acquisition strategies, driven by competitive stimulation of plant N demand and synergies in N uptake. Second, competitive root traits and mycorrhizal symbioses, which enhance N foraging and uptake, exhibit trade-offs with root N reallocation. Furthermore, root N reallocation is attenuated by N-supply attributes such as increasing litter quality, soil fungi-to-bacteria ratios, and microbial recruitment in the hyphosphere/rhizosphere. These frameworks provide new insights and research avenues for understanding the ecological roles of root N reallocation.},
}
@article {pmid38824840,
year = {2024},
author = {Shekarabi, A and Qureishy, I and Puglisi, CH and Dalseth, M and Vuong, HE},
title = {Host-microbe interactions: communication in the microbiota-gut-brain axis.},
journal = {Current opinion in microbiology},
volume = {80},
number = {},
pages = {102494},
doi = {10.1016/j.mib.2024.102494},
pmid = {38824840},
issn = {1879-0364},
abstract = {Animals harbor a diverse array of symbiotic micro-organisms that coexist in communities across different body sites. These microbes maintain host homeostasis and respond to environmental insults to impact host physiological processes. Trillions of indigenous microbes reside in the gastrointestinal tract and engage with the host central nervous system (microbiota-gut-brain axis) by modulating immune responses, interacting with gut intrinsic and extrinsic nervous system, and regulating neuromodulators and biochemicals. These gut microbiota to brain signaling pathways are constantly informed by each other and are hypothesized to mediate brain health across the lifespan. In this review, we will examine the crosstalk of gut microbiota to brain communications in neurological pathologies, with an emphasis on microbial metabolites and neuromodulators, and provide a discussion of recent advances that help elucidate the microbiota as a therapeutic target for treating brain and behavioral disorders.},
}
@article {pmid38824405,
year = {2024},
author = {Zeng, Y and Hembry, DH},
title = {Coevolution-induced selection for and against phenotypic novelty shapes species richness in clade co-diversification.},
journal = {Journal of evolutionary biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/jeb/voae069},
pmid = {38824405},
issn = {1420-9101},
abstract = {Coevolution can occur because of species interactions. However, it remains unclear how coevolutionary processes translate into the accumulation of species richness over macroevolutionary timescales. Assuming speciation occurs as a result of genetic differentiation across space due to dispersal limitation, we examine the effects of coevolution-induced phenotypic selection on species diversification. Based on the idea that dispersers often carry novel phenotypes, we propose and test two hypotheses. (1) Stability hypothesis: selection against phenotypic novelty enhances species diversification by strengthening dispersal limitation. (2) Novelty hypothesis: selection for phenotypic novelty impedes species diversification by weakening dispersal limitation. We simulate clade co-diversification using an individual-based model, considering scenarios where phenotypic selection is shaped by neutral dynamics, mutualistic coevolution, or antagonistic coevolution, where coevolution operates through trait matching or trait difference, and where the strength of coevolutionary selection is symmetrical or asymmetrical. Our key assumption that interactions occur between an independent party (whose individuals can establish or persist independently, e.g. hosts) and a dependent party (whose individuals cannot establish or persist independently, e.g. parasites or obligate mutualists) yields two contrasting results. The stability hypothesis is supported in the dependent clade but not in the independent clade. Conversely, the novelty hypothesis is supported in the independent clade but not in the dependent clade. These results are partially corroborated by empirical dispersal data, suggesting that these mechanisms might potentially explain the diversification of some of the most species-rich clades in the Tree of Life.},
}
@article {pmid38823937,
year = {2024},
author = {Wang, Y and Gao, M and Zhu, S and Li, Z and Zhang, T and Jiang, Y and Zhu, L and Zhan, X},
title = {Glycerol-driven adaptive evolution for the production of low-molecular-weight Welan gum: Characterization and activity evaluation.},
journal = {Carbohydrate polymers},
volume = {339},
number = {},
pages = {122292},
doi = {10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122292},
pmid = {38823937},
issn = {1879-1344},
mesh = {*Glycerol/chemistry/metabolism ; *Molecular Weight ; *Antioxidants/chemistry/pharmacology ; *Sphingomonas/metabolism ; *Fermentation ; Polysaccharides, Bacterial/chemistry/pharmacology ; Viscosity ; Prebiotics ; Bifidobacterium/metabolism ; },
abstract = {Through adaptive laboratory evolution (ALE) of Sphingomonas sp. ATCC 31555, fermentation for production of low-molecular-weight welan gum (LMW-WG) was performed using glycerol as sole carbon source. During ALE, GPC-MALS analysis revealed a gradual decrease in WG molecular weight with the increase of adaptation cycles, accompanied by changes in solution conformation. LMW-WG was purified and structurally analyzed using GPC-MALS, monosaccharide composition analysis, infrared spectroscopy, NMR analysis, atomic force microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. Subsequently, LMW-WG obtains hydration, transparency, antioxidant activity, and rheological properties. Finally, an in vitro simulation colon reactor was used to evaluate potential prebiotic properties of LMW-WG as dietary fiber. Compared with WG produced using sucrose as substrate, LMW-WG exhibited a fourfold reduction in molecular weight while maintaining moderate viscosity. Structurally, L-Rha nearly completely replaced L-Man. Furthermore, LMW-WG demonstrated excellent hydration, antioxidant activity, and high transparency. It also exhibited resistance to saliva and gastrointestinal digestion, showcasing a favorable colonization effect on Bifidobacterium, making it a promising symbiotic agent.},
}
@article {pmid38823562,
year = {2024},
author = {Xu, Y and Teng, Y and Wang, X and Wang, H and Li, Y and Ren, W and Zhao, L and Wei, M and Luo, Y},
title = {Biohydrogen utilization in legume-rhizobium symbiosis reveals a novel mechanism of accelerated tetrachlorobiphenyl transformation.},
journal = {Bioresource technology},
volume = {404},
number = {},
pages = {130918},
doi = {10.1016/j.biortech.2024.130918},
pmid = {38823562},
issn = {1873-2976},
abstract = {Symbiosis between Glycine max and Bradyrhizobium diazoefficiens were used as a model system to investigate whether biohydrogen utilization promotes the transformation of the tetrachlorobiphenyl PCB77. Both a H2 uptake-positive (Hup[+]) strain (wild type) and a Hup[-] strain (a hupL deletion mutant) were inoculated into soybean nodules. Compared with Hup[-] nodules, Hup[+] nodules increased dechlorination significantly by 61.1 % and reduced the accumulation of PCB77 in nodules by 37.7 % (p < 0.05). After exposure to nickel, an enhancer of uptake hydrogenase, dechlorination increased significantly by 2.2-fold, and the accumulation of PCB77 in nodules decreased by 54.4 % (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the tetrachlorobiphenyl transformation in the soybean root nodules was mainly testified to be mediated by nitrate reductase (encoded by the gene NR) for tetrachlorobiphenyl dechlorination and biphenyl-2,3-diol 1,2-dioxygenase (bphC) for biphenyl degradation. This study demonstrates for the first time that biohydrogen utilization has a beneficial effect on tetrachlorobiphenyl biotransformation in a legume-rhizobium symbiosis.},
}
@article {pmid38822523,
year = {2024},
author = {Li, H and Ou, Y and Zhang, J and Huang, K and Wu, P and Guo, X and Zhu, H and Cao, Y},
title = {Dynamic modulation of nodulation factor receptor levels by phosphorylation-mediated functional switch of a RING-type E3 ligase during legume nodulation.},
journal = {Molecular plant},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.molp.2024.05.010},
pmid = {38822523},
issn = {1752-9867},
abstract = {A precise control of receptor levels is crucial for initiating cellular signaling transduction in response to specific ligands, however, such mechanisms regulating nodulation factor (NF) receptors (NFR1/NFR5) in perceiving NF to establish symbiosis remain unclear. This study unveils the pivotal role of the NFR-Interacting RING-type E3 ligase 1 (NIRE1) in regulating NFR1/NFR5 homeostasis to optimize rhizobial infection and nodule development in Lotus japonicus. NIRE1 demonstrates a dual function in this regulatory process. NIRE1 associates with both NFR1/NFR5, facilitating their degradations through K48-linked polyubiquitination before rhizobial inoculation. Following rhizobial inoculation, NFR1 phosphorylates NIRE1 at a conserved residue, Tyr-109, inducing a functional switch in NIRE1. This switch enables NIRE1 to mediate K63-linked polyubiquitination, thereby stabilizing NFR1/NFR5 in infected root cells. The introduction of phospho-dead NIRE1[Y109F] leads to delayed nodule development, underscoring the significance of phosphorylation at Tyr-109 in orchestrating symbiotic processes. Conversely, the expression of phospho-mimic NIRE1[Y109E] results in the formation of spontaneous nodules in L. japonicus, further emphasizing the critical role of the phosphorylation-dependent functional switch in NIRE1. In summary, these findings provide the inaugural evidence of a single E3 ligase undergoing a phosphorylation-dependent functional switch, dynamically and precisely regulating NF receptor protein levels.},
}
@article {pmid38821514,
year = {2024},
author = {Corrêa, PS and Fernandes, MA and Jimenez, CR and Mendes, LW and de Mello Tavares Lima, P and Abdalla, AL and Louvandini, H},
title = {Interaction between methanotrophy and gastrointestinal nematodes infection on the rumen microbiome of lambs.},
journal = {FEMS microbiology ecology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/femsec/fiae083},
pmid = {38821514},
issn = {1574-6941},
abstract = {Complex crosstalk occurs between gastrointestinal nematodes and gut symbiotic microbiota, with consequences for animal metabolism. To investigate the connection between methane production and endoparasites, this study evaluated the effect of mixed infection with Haemonchus contortus and Trichostrongylus colubriformis on methanogenic and methanotrophic community in rumen microbiota of lambs using shotgun metagenomic and Real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR). The rumen content was collected from 6 Santa Inês lambs, (7 months old) before and after 42 days infection by esophageal tube. The metagenomic analysis showed that the infection affected the microbial community structure leading to decreased abundance of methanotrophs bacteria, i.e. α-proteobacteria and β-proteobacteria, anaerobic methanotrophic archaea (ANME), protozoa, sulfate-reducing bacteria, syntrophic bacteria with methanogens, geobacter, and genes related to pyruvate, fatty acid, nitrogen, and sulfur metabolisms, ribulose monophosphate cycle and Entner-Doudoroff Pathway. Additionally, the abundance of methanogenic archaea and the mcrA gene did not change. The co-occurrence networks enabled us to identify the interactions between each taxon in microbial communities and to determine the reshaping of rumen microbiome associations by gastrointestinal nematode infection. Besides, the correlation between ANMEs was lower in the animal's post-infection. Our findings suggest that gastrointestinal parasites potentially lead to decreased methanotrophic metabolism-related microorganisms and genes.},
}
@article {pmid38821056,
year = {2024},
author = {Swisa, A and Kieckhaefer, J and Daniel, SG and El-Mekkoussi, H and Kolev, HM and Tigue, M and Jin, C and Assenmacher, CA and Dohnalová, L and Thaiss, CA and Karlsson, NG and Bittinger, K and Kaestner, KH},
title = {The evolutionarily ancient FOXA transcription factors shape the murine gut microbiome via control of epithelial glycosylation.},
journal = {Developmental cell},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.devcel.2024.05.006},
pmid = {38821056},
issn = {1878-1551},
abstract = {Evolutionary adaptation of multicellular organisms to a closed gut created an internal microbiome differing from that of the environment. Although the composition of the gut microbiome is impacted by diet and disease state, we hypothesized that vertebrates promote colonization by commensal bacteria through shaping of the apical surface of the intestinal epithelium. Here, we determine that the evolutionarily ancient FOXA transcription factors control the composition of the gut microbiome by establishing favorable glycosylation on the colonic epithelial surface. FOXA proteins bind to regulatory elements of a network of glycosylation enzymes, which become deregulated when Foxa1 and Foxa2 are deleted from the intestinal epithelium. As a direct consequence, microbial composition shifts dramatically, and spontaneous inflammatory bowel disease ensues. Microbiome dysbiosis was quickly reversed upon fecal transplant into wild-type mice, establishing a dominant role for the host epithelium, in part mediated by FOXA factors, in controlling symbiosis in the vertebrate holobiont.},
}
@article {pmid38820859,
year = {2024},
author = {Rankin, L and Grisham, LM and Ingbar, C},
title = {Hush, little baby: The role of C-tactile afferents in babywearing infants with neonatal opioid withdrawal.},
journal = {Infant behavior &amp; development},
volume = {76},
number = {},
pages = {101960},
doi = {10.1016/j.infbeh.2024.101960},
pmid = {38820859},
issn = {1934-8800},
abstract = {Social touch through infant holding, skin-to-skin contact, and infant carrying (babywearing) decreases infant distress and promotes secure attachment. Unknown is the extent to which these effects are the result of the activation of C-Tactile afferents (CTs), the constellation of nerve fibers associated with affective touch, primarily located in the head and trunk of the body. The purpose of the present study was to compare dynamic touch (CTs activated) to static touch (CTs less activated) during a babywearing procedure among infants experiencing Neonatal Opioid Withdrawal Syndrome (NOWS). NOWS is a spectrum of clinical symptoms, including elevated heart rate (HR), associated with withdrawal from intrauterine opioid exposure. We hypothesized that stroking an infant's head during babywearing would amplify the pleasurable effect of babywearing as measured by changes in infant HR. Twenty-nine infants in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) in the Southwestern USA were worn in an infant carrier starting at five days old (M = 5.4, SD = 2.6; 46.2 % White, 26.9 % Latinx, 11.5 % Native American) and physiological readings were conducted daily; heart rates of infants and caregivers were taken every 15-seconds for 5-minutes, before, during, and after babywearing (30 min per phase). Each day infants alternated (randomly) in a static touch (hands-free babywearing) or dynamic touch condition (stroking the top of the infants' head at a velocity of 3 cm/s while babywearing). On average, infants completed 3 dynamic and 3 static babywearing sessions. Hospital and research staff participated in babywearing when a parent was not available (31.0 % of infants were exclusively worn by volunteers, 27.6 % were exclusively worn by parents). We analyzed the data using Hierarchical Linear Models due to the 3-level nested design (N = 29 infants, N = 191 readings, N = 11,974 heart rates). Compared to baseline (infant calm/asleep and without contact), infant's HRs significantly declined during and after babywearing, controlling for pharmacological treatment. These effects were significantly stronger during the dynamic touch condition (reduction in HR of 11.17 bpm) compared to the static touch condition (reduction in HR of 3.74 bpm). These effects did not significantly vary by wearer (mother, father, volunteer). However, differences between the dynamic and static conditions were significantly stronger in earlier babywearing sessions, potentially indicating a learning effect. There was evidence for a calming effect among caregivers as well, particularly in the dynamic touch condition, when caregivers were engaged in active touch. Activation of CTs appears to be an important mechanism in the physiological benefits of babywearing and in the symbiotic role of caregiver-infant attachment.},
}
@article {pmid38820702,
year = {2024},
author = {Vaccaro, F and Passeri, I and Ajijah, N and Bettini, P and Courty, PE and Dębiec-Andrzejewska, K and Joshi, N and Kowalewska, &#x141; and Stasiuk, R and Musiałowski, M and Pranaw, K and Mengoni, A},
title = {Genotype-by-genotype interkingdom cross-talk between symbiotic nitrogen fixing Sinorhizobium meliloti strains and Trichoderma species.},
journal = {Microbiological research},
volume = {285},
number = {},
pages = {127768},
doi = {10.1016/j.micres.2024.127768},
pmid = {38820702},
issn = {1618-0623},
abstract = {In the understanding of the molecular interaction between plants and their microbiome, a key point is to identify simplified models of the microbiome including relevant bacterial and fungal partners which could also be effective in plant growth promotion. Here, as proof-of-concept, we aim to identify the possible molecular interactions between symbiotic nitrogen-fixing rhizobia and soil fungi (Trichoderma spp.), hence shed light on synergistic roles rhizospheric fungi could have in the biology of symbiotic nitrogen fixation bacteria. We selected 4 strains of the model rhizobium Sinorhizobium meliloti and 4 Trichoderma species (T. velutinum, T. tomentosum, T. gamsii and T. harzianum). In an experimental scheme of 4 ×4 strains x species combinations, we investigated the rhizobia physiological and transcriptomic responses elicited by fungal spent media, as well as spent media effects on rhizobia-host legume plant (alfalfa, Medicago sativa L.) symbiosis. Fungal spent media had large effects on rhizobia, specific for each fungal species and rhizobial strains combination, indicating a generalized rhizobia genotype x fungal genotype interaction, including synergistic, neutral and antagonistic effects on alfalfa symbiotic phenotypes. Differential expression of a high number of genes was shown in rhizobia strains with up to 25% of total genes differentially expressed upon treatment of cultures with fungal spent media. Percentages over total genes and type of genes differentially expressed changed according to both fungal species and rhizobial strain. To support the hypothesis of a relevant rhizobia genotype x fungal genotype interaction, a nested Likelihood Ratio Test indicated that the model considering the fungus-rhizobium interaction explained 23.4% of differentially expressed genes. Our results provide insights into molecular interactions involving nitrogen-fixing rhizobia and rhizospheric fungi, highlighting the panoply of genes and genotypic interactions (fungus, rhizobium, host plant) which may concur to plant symbiosis.},
}
@article {pmid38820593,
year = {2024},
author = {Almeida Medeiros, J and Eduardo de Farias Silva, C and Santos, GKS and Almeida Alves do Nascimento, M and Pimentel de Andrade, F and Luciano Ferreira de Sá Filho, M and Maria Villar da Gama, B and Victor Oliveira Nascimento da Silva, J and Maria Rosas Garcia Almeida, R},
title = {Tertiary treatment of dairy wastewater applying a microalga-fungus consortium.},
journal = {Environmental technology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-17},
doi = {10.1080/09593330.2024.2357695},
pmid = {38820593},
issn = {1479-487X},
abstract = {This paper aimed to apply filamentous fungi (Penicillium oxalicum and Cunninghamella echinulata), the microalga Tetradesmus obliquus and their co-culture in advanced treatment (tertiary treatment) of cheese whey. The bioremediation process was carried out in agitated flasks and bubble column bioreactors with different concentrations of chemical oxygen demand (COD) (223-1663 mg L[-][1]), total nitrogen (TN) (13-61 mg L[-][1]), and total phosphorus (TP) (3-26 mg L[-][1]). The results obtained in shaken flasks showed a superiority of the consortium compared to the systems with separated species. In this sense, the treatment was carried out in a bubble column reactor, and the consortium formed by the microalga and the fungus C. echinulata showed a greater efficiency (at a light intensity of 100 µmol m[-][2] s[-][1]), promoting by the symbiosis to reach removal efficiencies of up to 93.7, 78.8 and 93.4% for COD, TN and TP, respectively; meeting Brazilian and European standards for discharge into water bodies. In addition, no pH adjustment was required during the co-culture treatment, demonstrating the buffering effect of using these two types of microorganisms. Therefore, the use of the consortium formed by T. obliquus and C. echinulata as a remediator was highly promising to promote the advanced treatment of cheese whey.},
}
@article {pmid38819282,
year = {2024},
author = {Jouault, T},
title = {[Symbiosis: The complexity of living together!].},
journal = {Medecine sciences : M/S},
volume = {40},
number = {5},
pages = {460},
doi = {10.1051/medsci/2024044},
pmid = {38819282},
issn = {1958-5381},
mesh = {Humans ; Animals ; *Symbiosis/physiology ; },
}
@article {pmid38818938,
year = {2024},
author = {Servanté, EK and Halitschke, R and Rocha, C and Baldwin, IT and Paszkowski, U},
title = {Independent regulation of strigolactones and blumenols during arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis in rice.},
journal = {The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/tpj.16848},
pmid = {38818938},
issn = {1365-313X},
support = {BB/V002295/1/BB_/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom ; BB/V006029/1/BB_/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom ; 2118594/BB_/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom ; 239748522//Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft/ ; SFB 1127/2//Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft/ ; 293926/ERC_/European Research Council/International ; //Max Planck Society/ ; },
abstract = {The apocarotenoid strigolactones (SLs) facilitate pre-symbiotic communication between arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and plants. Related blumenol-C-glucosides (blumenols), have also been associated with symbiosis, but the cues that are involved in the regulation of blumenol accumulation during AM symbiosis remain unclear. In rice, our analyses demonstrated a strict correlation between foliar blumenol abundance and intraradical fungal colonisation. More specifically, rice mutants affected at distinct stages of the interaction revealed that fungal cortex invasion was required for foliar blumenol accumulation. Plant phosphate status and D14L hormone signalling had no effect, contrasting their known role in induction of SLs. This a proportion of the SL biosynthetic enzymes, D27 and D17, are equally required for blumenol production. These results importantly clarify that, while there is a partially shared biosynthetic pathway between SL and blumenols, the dedicated induction of the related apocarotenoids occurs in response to cues acting at distinct stages during the root colonisation process. However, we reveal that neither SLs nor blumenols are essential for fungal invasion of rice roots.},
}
@article {pmid38818452,
year = {2024},
author = {Kondo, K and Suzuki, M and Amadaira, M and Araki, C and Watanabe, R and Murakami, K and Ochiai, S and Ogura, T and Hayakawa, T},
title = {Association of maternal genetics with the gut microbiome and eucalypt diet selection in captive koalas.},
journal = {PeerJ},
volume = {12},
number = {},
pages = {e17385},
pmid = {38818452},
issn = {2167-8359},
mesh = {Animals ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome/physiology/genetics ; *Phascolarctidae/microbiology ; *Eucalyptus/microbiology ; Female ; Diet/veterinary ; Feces/microbiology ; Food Preferences ; Phylogeny ; Male ; Japan ; Maternal Inheritance/genetics ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Koalas, an Australian arboreal marsupial, depend on eucalypt tree leaves for their diet. They selectively consume only a few of the hundreds of available eucalypt species. Since the koala gut microbiome is essential for the digestion and detoxification of eucalypts, their individual differences in the gut microbiome may lead to variations in their eucalypt selection and eucalypt metabolic capacity. However, research focusing on the relationship between the gut microbiome and differences in food preferences is very limited. We aimed to determine whether individual and regional differences exist in the gut microbiome of koalas as well as the mechanism by which these differences influence eucalypt selection.<br><br>METHODS: Foraging data were collected from six koalas and a total of 62 feces were collected from 15 koalas of two zoos in Japan. The mitochondrial phylogenetic analysis was conducted to estimate the mitochondrial maternal origin of each koala. In addition, the 16S-based gut microbiome of 15 koalas was analyzed to determine the composition and diversity of each koala's gut microbiome. We used these data to investigate the relationship among mitochondrial maternal origin, gut microbiome and eucalypt diet selection.<br><br>RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: This research revealed that diversity and composition of the gut microbiome and that eucalypt diet selection of koalas differs among regions. We also revealed that the gut microbiome alpha diversity was correlated with foraging diversity in koalas. These individual and regional differences would result from vertical (maternal) transmission of the gut microbiome and represent an intraspecific variation in koala foraging strategies. Further, we demonstrated that certain gut bacteria were strongly correlated with both mitochondrial maternal origin and eucalypt foraging patterns. Bacteria found to be associated with mitochondrial maternal origin included bacteria involved in fiber digestion and degradation of secondary metabolites, such as the families Rikenellaceae and Synergistaceae. These bacteria may cause differences in metabolic capacity between individual and regional koalas and influence their eucalypt selection.<br><br>CONCLUSION: We showed that the characteristics (composition and diversity) of the gut microbiome and eucalypt diet selection of koalas differ by individuals and regional origins as we expected. In addition, some gut bacteria that could influence eucalypt foraging of koalas showed the relationships with both mitochondrial maternal origin and eucalypt foraging pattern. These differences in the gut microbiome between regional origins may make a difference in eucalypt selection. Given the importance of the gut microbiome to koalas foraging on eucalypts and their strong symbiotic relationship, future studies should focus on the symbiotic relationship and coevolution between koalas and the gut microbiome to understand individual and regional differences in eucalypt diet selection by koalas.},
}
@article {pmid38818420,
year = {2024},
author = {Noh, S and Peck, RF and Larson, ER and Covitz, RM and Chen, A and Roy, P and Hamilton, MC and Dettmann, RA},
title = {Facultative symbiont virulence determines horizontal transmission rate without host specificity in Dictyostelium discoideum social amoebas.},
journal = {Evolution letters},
volume = {8},
number = {3},
pages = {437-447},
pmid = {38818420},
issn = {2056-3744},
abstract = {In facultative symbioses, only a fraction of hosts are associated with symbionts. Specific host and symbiont pairings may be the result of host-symbiont coevolution driven by reciprocal selection or priority effects pertaining to which potential symbiont is associated with a host first. Distinguishing between these possibilities is important for understanding the evolutionary forces that affect facultative symbioses. We used the social amoeba, Dictyostelium discoideum, and its symbiont, Paraburkholderia bonniea, to determine whether ongoing coevolution affects which host-symbiont strain pairs naturally cooccur within a facultative symbiosis. Relative to other Paraburkholderia, including another symbiont of D. discoideum, P. bonniea features a reduced genome size that indicates a significant history of coevolution with its host. We hypothesized that ongoing host-symbiont coevolution would lead to higher fitness for naturally cooccurring (native) host and symbiont pairings compared to novel pairings. We show for the first time that P. bonniea symbionts can horizontally transmit to new amoeba hosts when hosts aggregate together during the social stage of their life cycle. Here we find evidence for a virulence-transmission trade-off without host specificity. Although symbiont strains were significantly variable in virulence and horizontal transmission rate, hosts and symbionts responded similarly to associations in native and novel pairings. We go on to identify candidate virulence factors in the genomes of P. bonniea strains that may contribute to variation in virulence. We conclude that ongoing coevolution is unlikely for D. discoideum and P. bonniea. The system instead appears to represent a stable facultative symbiosis in which naturally cooccurring P. bonniea host and symbiont pairings are the result of priority effects.},
}
@article {pmid38817929,
year = {2024},
author = {Gong, F and He, C and Li, X and Wang, K and Li, M and Zhou, X and Xu, M and He, X},
title = {Impacts of fertilization methods on Salvia miltiorrhiza quality and characteristics of the epiphytic microbial community.},
journal = {Frontiers in plant science},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1395628},
pmid = {38817929},
issn = {1664-462X},
abstract = {Plant epiphytic microorganisms have established a unique symbiotic relationship with plants, which has a significant impact on their growth, immune defense, and environmental adaptation. However, the impact of fertilization methods on the epiphytic microbial community and their correlation with the yield and quality of medicinal plant was still unclear. In current study, we conducted a field fertilization experiment and analyzed the composition of epiphytic bacterial and fungal communities employing high throughput sequencing data in different organs (roots, stems, and leaves) of Salvia miltiorrhiza, as well as their correlation with plant growth. The results showed that fertilization significantly affected the active ingredients and hormone content, soil physicochemical properties, and the composition of epiphytic microbial communities. After fertilization, the plant surface was enriched with a core microbial community mainly composed of bacteria from Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Actinobacteria, as well as fungi from Zygomycota and Ascomycota. Additionally, plant growth hormones were the principal factors leading to alterations in the epiphytic microbial community of S. miltiorrhiza. Thus, the most effective method of fertilization involved the application of base fertilizer in combination with foliar fertilizer. This study provides a new perspective for studying the correlation between microbial community function and the quality of S. miltiorrhiza, and also provides a theoretical basis for the cultivation and sustainable development of high-quality medicinal plants.},
}
@article {pmid38816524,
year = {2024},
author = {Alaux, PL and Courty, PE and Fréville, H and David, J and Rocher, A and Taschen, E},
title = {Wheat dwarfing reshapes plant and fungal development in arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis.},
journal = {Mycorrhiza},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {38816524},
issn = {1432-1890},
abstract = {The introduction of Reduced height (Rht) dwarfing genes into elite wheat varieties has contributed to enhanced yield gain in high input agrosystems by preventing lodging. Yet, how modern selection for dwarfing has affected symbiosis remains poorly documented. In this study, we evaluated the response of both the plant and the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus to plant genetic variation at a major Quantitative Trait Locus called QTL 4B2, known to harbor a Rht dwarfing gene, when forming the symbiosis. We used twelve inbred genotypes derived from a diversity base broadened durum wheat Evolutionary Pre-breeding Population and genotyped with a high-throughput Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) genotyping array. In a microcosm setup segregating roots and the extra-radical mycelium, each wheat genotype was grown with or without the presence of Rhizophagus irregularis. To characterize arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis, we assessed hyphal density, root colonization, spore production, and plant biomass. Additionally, we split the variation of these variables due either to genotypes or to the Rht dwarfing genes alone. The fungus exhibited greater development in the roots of Dwarf plants compared to non-Dwarf plants, showing increases of 27%, 37% and 51% in root colonization, arbuscules, and vesicles, respectively. In addition, the biomass of the extra-radical fungal structures increased by around 31% in Dwarf plants. The biomass of plant roots decreased by about 43% in mycorrhizal Dwarf plants. Interestingly, extraradical hyphal production was found to be partly genetically determined with no significant effect of Rht, as for plant biomasses. In contrast, variations in root colonization, arbuscules and extraradical spore production were explained by Rht dwarfing genes. Finally, when mycorrhizal, Dwarf plants had significantly lower total P content, pointing towards a less beneficial symbiosis for the plant and increased profit for the fungus. These results highlight the effect of Rht dwarfing genes on both root and fungal development. This calls for further research into the molecular mechanisms governing these effects, as well as changes in plant physiology, and their implications for fostering arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis in sustainable agrosystems.},
}
@article {pmid38816478,
year = {2024},
author = {Zientek, A and Schagerl, M and Nagy, M and Wanek, W and Heinz, P and Ali, SS and Lintner, M},
title = {Effect of micro-plastic particles on coral reef foraminifera.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {14},
number = {1},
pages = {12423},
pmid = {38816478},
issn = {2045-2322},
mesh = {*Foraminifera/metabolism/physiology ; *Microplastics/toxicity ; *Coral Reefs ; Diatoms/metabolism/physiology ; Photosynthesis/drug effects ; Symbiosis ; Polystyrenes ; },
abstract = {Foraminifera are single-celled protists which are important mediators of the marine carbon cycle. In our study, we explored the potential impact of polystyrene (PS) microplastic particles on two symbiont-bearing large benthic foraminifera species-Heterostegina depressa and Amphistegina lobifera-over a period of three weeks, employing three different approaches: investigating (1) stable isotope (SI) incorporation-via [13]C- and [15]N-labelled substrates-of the foraminifera to assess their metabolic activity, (2) photosynthetic efficiency of the symbiotic diatoms using imaging PAM fluorometry, and (3) microscopic enumeration of accumulation of PS microplastic particles inside the foraminiferal test. The active feeder A. lobifera incorporated significantly more PS particles inside the cytoplasm than the non-feeding H. depressa, the latter accumulating the beads on the test surface. Photosynthetic area of the symbionts tended to decrease in the presence of microplastic particles in both species, suggesting that the foraminiferal host cells started to digest their diatom symbionts. Compared to the control, the presence of microplastic particles lead to reduced SI uptake in A. lobifera, which indicates inhibition of inorganic carbon and nitrogen assimilation. Competition for particulate food uptake was demonstrated between algae and microplastic particles of similar size. Based on our results, both species seem to be sensitive to microplastic pollution, with non-feeding H. depressa being more strongly affected.},
}
@article {pmid38815817,
year = {2024},
author = {Salvador, RW and Doong, RA},
title = {Simultaneous achievement of energy recovery and carbon sequestration through municipal solid waste management: A review.},
journal = {Chemosphere},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {142478},
doi = {10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142478},
pmid = {38815817},
issn = {1879-1298},
abstract = {Effective municipal solid waste (MSW) management is a crucial component for sustainable cities, as inefficient waste disposal contributes to the release of about a billion tons of CO2-eq in greenhouse gases (GHG) annually. With escalating global waste generation, there is an untapped opportunity to integrate carbon dioxide removal (CDR) technologies into existing MSW management processes. This review explores current research on utilizing MSW for CDR, emphasizing its potential for both energy generation and carbon sequestration. The investigation covers three waste management practices: landfilling, waste-to-energy (WtE), and biochar production, revealing two paths for carbon sequestration. First, MSW serves as a feedstock in bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS), acting as a carbon-neutral resource that avoids fossil fuel and energy crop use, reducing GHG emissions and generating value through energy production. Second, direct storage of organic MSW and its derivatives, like biochar, in various carbon sinks allows for extended sequestration, offering a comprehensive approach to address the challenges of waste management and climate change mitigation. Moreover, this review advocates for an extended exploration into several subjects including in-depth analysis of waste, research on MSW-derived biochar recalcitrance across different carbon sinks, and understanding the symbiotic connections with GHG-emitting sectors like agriculture and energy. Finally, this review emphasizes the necessity of conducting life-cycle assessment studies to fully discern the benefits and assess the impacts of any future endeavors exploring the role of MSW in carbon sequestration.},
}
@article {pmid38818326,
year = {2022},
author = {Da Cunha, V and Gaïa, M and Forterre, P},
title = {The expanding Asgard archaea and their elusive relationships with Eukarya.},
journal = {mLife},
volume = {1},
number = {1},
pages = {3-12},
pmid = {38818326},
issn = {2770-100X},
abstract = {The discovery of Asgard archaea and the exploration of their diversity over the last 6 years have deeply impacted the scientific community working on eukaryogenesis, rejuvenating an intense debate on the topology of the universal tree of life (uTol). Here, we discuss how this debate is impacted by two recent publications that expand the number of Asgard lineages and eukaryotic signature proteins (ESPs). We discuss some of the main difficulties that can impair the phylogenetic reconstructions of the uTol and suggest that the debate about its topology is not settled. We notably hypothesize the existence of horizontal gene transfers between ancestral Asgards and proto-eukaryotes that could result in the observed abnormal behaviors of some Asgard ESPs and universal marker proteins. This hypothesis is relevant regardless of the scenario considered regarding eukaryogenesis. It implies that the Asgards were already diversified before the last eukaryotic common ancestor and shared the same biotopes with proto-eukaryotes. We suggest that some Asgards might be still living in symbiosis today with modern Eukarya.},
}
@article {pmid38812696,
year = {2024},
author = {Hnini, M and Aurag, J},
title = {Prevalence, diversity and applications potential of nodules endophytic bacteria: a systematic review.},
journal = {Frontiers in microbiology},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1386742},
pmid = {38812696},
issn = {1664-302X},
abstract = {Legumes are renowned for their distinctive biological characteristic of forming symbiotic associations with soil bacteria, mostly belonging to the Rhizobiaceae familiy, leading to the establishment of symbiotic root nodules. Within these nodules, rhizobia play a pivotal role in converting atmospheric nitrogen into a plant-assimilable form. However, it has been discerned that root nodules of legumes are not exclusively inhabited by rhizobia; non-rhizobial endophytic bacteria also reside within them, yet their functions remain incompletely elucidated. This comprehensive review synthesizes available data, revealing that Bacillus and Pseudomonas are the most prevalent genera of nodule endophytic bacteria, succeeded by Paenibacillus, Enterobacter, Pantoea, Agrobacterium, and Microbacterium. To date, the bibliographic data available show that Glycine max followed by Vigna radiata, Phaseolus vulgaris and Lens culinaris are the main hosts for nodule endophytic bacteria. Clustering analysis consistently supports the prevalence of Bacillus and Pseudomonas as the most abundant nodule endophytic bacteria, alongside Paenibacillus, Agrobacterium, and Enterobacter. Although non-rhizobial populations within nodules do not induce nodule formation, their presence is associated with various plant growth-promoting properties (PGPs). These properties are known to mediate important mechanisms such as phytostimulation, biofertilization, biocontrol, and stress tolerance, emphasizing the multifaceted roles of nodule endophytes. Importantly, interactions between non-rhizobia and rhizobia within nodules may exert influence on their leguminous host plants. This is particularly shown by co-inoculation of legumes with both types of bacteria, in which synergistic effects on plant growth, yield, and nodulation are often measured. Moreover these effects are pronounced under both stress and non-stress conditions, surpassing the impact of single inoculations with rhizobia alone.},
}
@article {pmid38812686,
year = {2024},
author = {Liu, HL and Chen, HF and Wu, YD and Yan, YJ and He, XC and Li, ZZ and Ruan, Y and Wu, GL},
title = {Xiaoqinglong decoction mitigates nasal inflammation and modulates gut microbiota in allergic rhinitis mice.},
journal = {Frontiers in microbiology},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1290985},
pmid = {38812686},
issn = {1664-302X},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a respiratory immune system disorder characterized by dysregulation of immune responses. Within the context of AR, gut microbiota and its metabolites have been identified as contributors to immune modulation. These microorganisms intricately connect the respiratory and gut immune systems, forming what is commonly referred to as the gut-lung axis. Xiaoqinglong Decoction (XQLD), a traditional Chinese herbal remedy, is widely utilized in traditional Chinese medicine for the clinical treatment of AR. In this study, it is hypothesized that the restoration of symbiotic microbiota balance within the gut-lung axis plays a pivotal role in supporting the superior long-term efficacy of XQLD in AR therapy. Therefore, the primary objective of this research is to investigate the impact of XQLD on the composition and functionality of the gut microbiota in a murine model of AR.<br><br>METHODS: An ovalbumin-sensitized mouse model to simulate AR was utilized, the improvement of AR symptoms after medication was investigated, and high-throughput sequencing was employed to analyze the gut microbiota composition.<br><br>RESULTS: XQLD exhibited substantial therapeutic effects in AR mice, notably characterized by a significant reduction in allergic inflammatory responses, considerable alleviation of nasal symptoms, and the restoration of normal nasal function. Additionally, following XQLD treatment, the disrupted gut microbiota in AR mice displayed a tendency toward restoration, showing significant differences compared to the Western medicine (loratadine) group.<br><br>DISCUSSION: This results revealed that XQLD may enhance AR allergic inflammatory responses through the regulation of intestinal microbiota dysbiosis in mice, thus influencing the dynamics of the gut-lung axis. The proposal of this mechanism provides a foundation for future research in this area.},
}
@article {pmid38812277,
year = {2024},
author = {Tian, L and Hao, YM and Guo, R and Guo, HR and Cheng, JF and Liu, TR and Liu, H and Lu, G and Wang, B},
title = {Two lysin motif extracellular (LysMe) proteins are deployed in rice to facilitate arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis.},
journal = {The New phytologist},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/nph.19873},
pmid = {38812277},
issn = {1469-8137},
support = {HSXT3024//Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture &amp; Environment Protection/ ; 31870203//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 32370254//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; },
abstract = {During arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis, plant innate immunity is modulated to a prime state to allow for fungal colonization. The underlying mechanisms remain to be further explored. In this study, two rice genes encoding LysM extracellular (LysMe) proteins were investigated. By obtaining OsLysMepro:GUS transgenic plants and generating oslysme1, oslysme2 and oslysme1oslysme2 mutants via CRISPR/Cas9 technique, OsLysMe genes were revealed to be specifically induced in the arbusculated cells and mutations in either gene caused significantly reduced root colonization rate by AM fungus Rhizophagus irregularis. Overexpression of OsLysMe1 or OsLysMe2 dramatically increased the colonization rates in rice and Medicago truncatula. The electrophoretic mobility shift assay and dual-luciferase reporter assay supported that OsLysMe genes are regulated by OsWRI5a. Either OsLysMe1 or OsLysMe2 can efficiently rescue the impaired AM phenotype of the mtlysme2 mutant, supporting a conserved function of LysMe across monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plants. The co-localization of OsLysMe proteins with the apoplast marker SP-OsRAmy3A implies their probable localization to the periarbuscular space (PAS) during symbiosis. Relative to the fungal biomass marker RiTEF, some defense-related genes showed disproportionately high expression levels in the oslysme mutants. These data support that rice plants deploy two OsLysMe proteins to facilitate AM symbiosis, likely by diminishing plant defense responses.},
}
@article {pmid38812269,
year = {2024},
author = {Przybylska, MS and Violle, C and Vile, D and Scheepens, JF and Munoz, F and Tenllado, &#xc1; and Vinyeta, M and Le Roux, X and Vasseur, F},
title = {Can plants build their niche through modulation of soil microbial activities linked with nitrogen cycling? A test with Arabidopsis thaliana.},
journal = {The New phytologist},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/nph.19870},
pmid = {38812269},
issn = {1469-8137},
support = {ANR-17-CE02-0018-01//Agence Nationale de la Recherche/ ; SCHE 1899/2-1//Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft/ ; ERC-StG-2014-639706-CONSTRAINTS/ERC_/European Research Council/International ; ERC-StG-2020-949843/ERC_/European Research Council/International ; },
abstract = {In natural systems, different plant species have been shown to modulate specific nitrogen (N) cycling processes so as to meet their N demand, thereby potentially influencing their own niche. This phenomenon might go beyond plant interactions with symbiotic microorganisms and affect the much less explored plant interactions with free-living microorganisms involved in soil N cycling, such as nitrifiers and denitrifiers. Here, we investigated variability in the modulation of soil nitrifying and denitrifying enzyme activities (NEA and DEA, respectively), and their ratio (NEA : DEA), across 193 Arabidopsis thaliana accessions. We studied the genetic and environmental determinants of such plant-soil interactions, and effects on plant biomass production in the next generation. We found that NEA, DEA, and NEA : DEA varied c. 30-, 15- and 60-fold, respectively, among A. thaliana genotypes and were related to genes linked with stress response, flowering, and nitrate nutrition, as well as to soil parameters at the geographic origin of the analysed genotypes. Moreover, plant-mediated N cycling activities correlated with the aboveground biomass of next-generation plants in home vs away nonautoclaved soil, suggesting a transgenerational impact of soil biotic conditioning on plant performance. Altogether, these findings suggest that nutrient-based plant niche construction may be much more widespread than previously thought.},
}
@article {pmid38811885,
year = {2024},
author = {Rosling, A and Eshghi Sahraei, S and Kalsoom Khan, F and Desirò, A and Bryson, AE and Mondo, SJ and Grigoriev, IV and Bonito, G and Sánchez-García, M},
title = {Evolutionary history of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and genomic signatures of obligate symbiosis.},
journal = {BMC genomics},
volume = {25},
number = {1},
pages = {529},
pmid = {38811885},
issn = {1471-2164},
mesh = {*Mycorrhizae/genetics/physiology ; *Symbiosis/genetics ; *Phylogeny ; *Genomics/methods ; Evolution, Molecular ; Genome, Fungal ; Glomeromycota/genetics/physiology ; Plants/microbiology ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The colonization of land and the diversification of terrestrial plants is intimately linked to the evolutionary history of their symbiotic fungal partners. Extant representatives of these fungal lineages include mutualistic plant symbionts, the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi in Glomeromycota and fine root endophytes in Endogonales (Mucoromycota), as well as fungi with saprotrophic, pathogenic and endophytic lifestyles. These fungal groups separate into three monophyletic lineages but their evolutionary relationships remain enigmatic confounding ancestral reconstructions. Their taxonomic ranks are currently fluid.<br><br>RESULTS: In this study, we recognize these three monophyletic linages as phyla, and use a balanced taxon sampling and broad taxonomic representation for phylogenomic analysis that rejects a hard polytomy and resolves Glomeromycota as sister to a clade composed of Mucoromycota and Mortierellomycota. Low copy numbers of genes associated with plant cell wall degradation could not be assigned to the transition to a plant symbiotic lifestyle but appears to be an ancestral phylogenetic signal. Both plant symbiotic lineages, Glomeromycota and Endogonales, lack numerous thiamine metabolism genes but the lack of fatty acid synthesis genes is specific to AM fungi. Many genes previously thought to be missing specifically in Glomeromycota are either missing in all analyzed phyla, or in some cases, are actually present in some of the analyzed AM fungal lineages, e.g. the high affinity phosphorus transporter Pho89.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Based on a broad taxon sampling of fungal genomes we present a well-supported phylogeny for AM fungi and their sister lineages. We show that among these lineages, two independent evolutionary transitions to mutualistic plant symbiosis happened in a genomic background profoundly different from that known from the emergence of ectomycorrhizal fungi in Dikarya. These results call for further reevaluation of genomic signatures associated with plant symbiosis.},
}
@article {pmid38811290,
year = {2024},
author = {Méndez-Camarillo, MA and Flores-Cortez, I and Montejano-Ramírez, V and Valencia-Cantero, E},
title = {Arthrobacter sp. UMCV2, and its compound N,N-dimethylhexadecilamine promote nodulation in Medicago truncatula by Sinorhizobium medicae.},
journal = {Revista Argentina de microbiologia},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.ram.2024.03.004},
pmid = {38811290},
issn = {0325-7541},
abstract = {The actinobacterium Arthrobacter sp. UMCV2 promotes plant growth through the emission of N,N-dimethylhexadecilamine (DMHDA). The Medicago-Sinorhizobium nodulation has been employed to study symbiotic nitrogen fixation by rhizobia in nodulating Fabaceae. Herein, we isolated three Sinorhizobium medicae strains that were used to induce nodules in Medicago truncatula. The co-inoculation of M. truncatula with Arthrobacter sp. strain UMCV2 produced a higher number of effective nodules than inoculation with only Sinorhizobium strains. Similarly, the exposure of inoculated M. truncatula to DMHDA produced a greater number of effective nodules compared to non-exposed plants. Thus, we conclude that Arthrobacter sp. UMCV2 promotes nodulation, and propose that this effect is produced, at least partly, via DMHDA emission.},
}
@article {pmid38809313,
year = {2024},
author = {David, P and Jana, R and Radka, S and Jan, J and Michael, B},
title = {Soil compaction reversed the effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on soil hydraulic properties.},
journal = {Mycorrhiza},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {38809313},
issn = {1432-1890},
abstract = {Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) typically provide a wide range of nutritional benefits to their host plants, and their role in plant water uptake, although still controversial, is often cited as one of the hallmarks of this symbiosis. Less attention has been dedicated to other effects relating to water dynamics that the presence of AMF in soils may have. Evidence that AMF can affect soil hydraulic properties is only beginning to emerge. In one of our recent experiments with dwarf tomato plants, we serendipitously found that the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (Rhizophagus irregularis 'PH5') can slightly but significantly reduce water holding capacity (WHC) of the substrate (a sand-zeolite-soil mixture). This was further investigated in a subsequent experiment, but there we found exactly the opposite effect as mycorrhizal substrate retained more water than did the non-mycorrhizal substrate. Because the same substrate was used and other conditions were mostly comparable in the two experiments, we explain the contrasting results by different substrate compaction, most likely caused by different pot shapes. It seems that in compacted substrates, AMF may have no effect upon or even decrease the substrates' WHC. On the other hand, the AMF hyphae interweaving the pores of less compacted substrates may increase the capillary movement of water throughout such substrates and cause slightly more water to remain in the pores after the free water has drained. We believe that this phenomenon is worthy of mycorrhizologists' attention and merits further investigation as to the role of AMF in soil hydraulic properties.},
}
@article {pmid38808276,
year = {2024},
author = {Meng, X and Liu, M and Meng, Z and Wu, C and Bao, C and Xu, B and Wang, G and Ma, H and Liu, Z and Zheng, X and Xie, X and Cui, X},
title = {Effects of different restoration stages on soil microbial community composition and diversity in Naolihe Wetland, China.},
journal = {Frontiers in microbiology},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1403849},
pmid = {38808276},
issn = {1664-302X},
abstract = {Soil microorganisms can be used as one of the important indicators of wetland ecosystem restoration. To study the effects of different restoration stages on soil microbial community composition and diversity in Naolihe Wetland, we employed a "time and space parallel" method. Four restoration stages, namely corn field (Corn), short-term restoration wetland (2 years, ST), long-term restoration wetland (8 years, LT) and natural wetland (>25 years, NW), were selected to represent the restoration time and geographical location in Naolihe Nature Wetland. We investigated the composition and diversity of soil microbial communities in different restoration wetland (from corn fields to natural wetlands) by using 16S rRNA and ITS rRNA gene sequencing. We also performed chemical experiments to measure soil enzyme activity and physicochemical properties at each sampling site. The results showed that soil physicochemical properties and enzyme activities significantly differed with the extension of wetland restoration years (p < 0.05). Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, and Actinobacteria are the most dominant phyla in bacterial. The alpha diversity of soil bacteria was the highest in the corn field (Corn), and ST-LT-NW first decreased and then increased with the extension of wetland restoration years. There are two most dominant phyla (Ascomycota and Mucoromycota) in fungal. However, the alpha diversity of soil fungi was the lowest in the Corn and LT stage, and ST-LT-NW first decreased and then increased with the extension of wetland restoration years. The research findings indicated that the changes in soil physicochemical properties with the extension of wetland restoration years play a significant role in shaping the structure and diversity changes of soil microbial communities. Through the analyses of bacterial and fungal functions using the FUNGuild and FAPROTAX databases, the results showed that the abundance of aerobic bacteria in the soil increased more than that of anaerobic bacteria as the wetland restoration years prolonged, while the abundance of saprotrophic, symbiotic, and pathogenic fungi in the soil significantly decreased with the prolonged wetland restoration years. This study will help us better understand the process of restoration after farmland abandonment, providing valuable reference information for the implementation of a series of wetland ecological restoration projects in the future.},
}
@article {pmid38808166,
year = {2024},
author = {Zhang, J and Hong, B and Abdollahi, M and Wu, H and Undeland, I},
title = {Role of lingonberry press cake in producing stable herring protein isolates via pH-shift processing: A dose response study.},
journal = {Food chemistry: X},
volume = {22},
number = {},
pages = {101456},
pmid = {38808166},
issn = {2590-1575},
abstract = {The effects of cross-processing lingonberry press cake (LPC) (2.5-30 %, dw/dw) with herring co-products on protein yield, oxidative stability and color of pH-shift-produced protein isolates were investigated. Even at 2.5 % LPC, the formation of volatile oxidation-derived aldehydes, including hexanal, (E)-2-hexenal, heptanal, octanal, and 2,4-heptadienal, were prevented during the actual protein isolate production. Adding 10 % LPC successfully prevented formation of all these aldehydes also during eight days ice storage which was explained by the partitioning of phenolics, especially ideain (1.09 mg/g dw) and procyanidin A1 (65.5 mg/g dw), into isolates. Although higher amounts of LPC (20-30 %) further prolonged the oxidation lag phase, it reduced total protein yield, increased the consumption of acid and base, and darkened protein isolates. Therefore, it is recommended to use 10 % LPC when pH-shift-processing sensitive fish raw materials as a route to mitigate lipid oxidation and at the same time promote industrial symbiosis and more circular food production.},
}
@article {pmid38808165,
year = {2024},
author = {Kilmanoglu, H and Yigit Cinar, A and Durak, MZ},
title = {Evaluation of microbiota-induced changes in biochemical, sensory properties and volatile profile of kombucha produced by reformed microbial community.},
journal = {Food chemistry: X},
volume = {22},
number = {},
pages = {101469},
pmid = {38808165},
issn = {2590-1575},
abstract = {Kombucha is a traditional beverage produced by a living culture known as SCOBY or "symbiotic culture of bacteria and yeast". Culture-dependent production is essential for stable kombucha fermentation. The aim of this study was to design a microbial community and to determine the effect of that community on the flavor and chemical properties of kombucha. The fermentations were carried out using combinations of selected species including Pichia kudriavzevii, Brettanomyces bruxellensis, Dekkera bruxellensis, Komagataeibacter saccharivorans, Komagataeibacter xylinus, and Acetobacter papayae, which were previously isolated from kombucha. The effects of monocultures and cocultures on fermentation were investigated. The highest acetic acid producer was A. papayae, which has strong antioxidant properties. In the monoculture and coculture fermentations, aldehydes, acids, and esters were generally observed at the end of fermentation. This study confirms that microbiota reconstruction is a viable approach for achieving the production of kombucha with increased bioactive constituents and consumer acceptance.},
}
@article {pmid38807516,
year = {2024},
author = {Li, R and Zarate, D and Avila-Magaña, V and Li, J},
title = {Comparative transcriptomics revealed parallel evolution and innovation of photosymbiosis molecular mechanisms in a marine bivalve.},
journal = {Proceedings. Biological sciences},
volume = {291},
number = {2023},
pages = {20232408},
doi = {10.1098/rspb.2023.2408},
pmid = {38807516},
issn = {1471-2954},
support = {//American Museum of Natural History/ ; //Conchologists of America/ ; //Packard/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Symbiosis ; *Transcriptome ; *Bivalvia/genetics/physiology ; Biological Evolution ; Photosynthesis ; },
abstract = {Photosymbioses between heterotrophic hosts and autotrophic symbionts are evolutionarily prevalent and ecologically significant. However, the molecular mechanisms behind such symbioses remain less elucidated, which hinders our understanding of their origin and adaptive evolution. This study compared gene expression patterns in a photosymbiotic bivalve (Fragum sueziense) and a closely related non-symbiotic species (Trigoniocardia granifera) under different light conditions to detect potential molecular pathways involved in mollusc photosymbiosis. We discovered that the presence of algal symbionts greatly impacted host gene expression in symbiont-containing tissues. We found that the host immune functions were suppressed under normal light compared with those in the dark. In addition, we found that cilia in the symbiont-containing tissues play important roles in symbiont regulation or photoreception. Interestingly, many potential photosymbiosis genes could not be annotated or do not exhibit orthologues in T. granifera transcriptomes, indicating unique molecular functions in photosymbiotic bivalves. Overall, we found both novel and known molecular mechanisms involved in animal-algal photosymbiosis within bivalves. Given that many of the molecular pathways are shared among distantly related host lineages, such as molluscs and cnidarians, it indicates that parallel and/or convergent evolution is instrumental in shaping host-symbiont interactions and responses in these organisms.},
}
@article {pmid38807209,
year = {2024},
author = {Parmentier, T and Molero-Baltanás, R and Valdivia, C and Gaju-Ricart, M and Boeckx, P and Łukasik, P and Wybouw, N},
title = {Co-habiting ants and silverfish display a converging feeding ecology.},
journal = {BMC biology},
volume = {22},
number = {1},
pages = {123},
pmid = {38807209},
issn = {1741-7007},
support = {1203020N//Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek/ ; 01P03420//Bijzonder Onderzoeksfonds UGent/ ; PPN/PPO/2018/1/00015//NAWA/ ; 2018/31/B/NZ8/01158//NCN/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Ants/physiology/microbiology ; *Feeding Behavior/physiology ; *Symbiosis ; Phylogeny ; Nitrogen Isotopes/analysis ; Carbon Isotopes/analysis ; Perciformes/physiology/microbiology ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Various animal taxa have specialized to living with social hosts. Depending on their level of specialization, these symbiotic animals are characterized by distinct behavioural, chemical, and morphological traits that enable close heterospecific interactions. Despite its functional importance, our understanding of the feeding ecology of animals living with social hosts remains limited. We examined how host specialization of silverfish co-habiting with ants affects several components of their feeding ecology. We combined stable isotope profiling, feeding assays, phylogenetic reconstruction, and microbial community characterization of the Neoasterolepisma silverfish genus and a wider nicoletiid and lepismatid silverfish panel where divergent myrmecophilous lifestyles are observed.<br><br>RESULTS: Stable isotope profiling (&#x3b4;[13]C and &#x3b4;[15]N) showed that the isotopic niches of granivorous Messor ants and Messor-specialized Neoasterolepisma exhibit a remarkable overlap within an ant nest. Trophic experiments and gut dissections further supported that these specialized Neoasterolepisma silverfish transitioned to a diet that includes plant seeds. In contrast, the isotopic niches of generalist Neoasterolepisma silverfish and generalist nicoletiid silverfish were clearly different from their ant hosts within the shared nest environment. The impact of the myrmecophilous lifestyle on feeding ecology was also evident in the internal silverfish microbiome. Compared to generalists, Messor-specialists exhibited a higher bacterial density and a higher proportion of heterofermentative lactic acid bacteria. Moreover, the nest environment explained the infection profile (or the 16S rRNA genotypes) of Weissella bacteria in Messor-specialized silverfish and the ant hosts.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Together, we show that social hosts are important determinants for the feeding ecology of symbiotic animals and can induce diet convergence.},
}
@article {pmid38806748,
year = {2024},
author = {Shahbaz, M and Palaniveloo, K and Tan, YS and Palasuberniam, P and Ilyas, N and Wiart, C and Seelan, JSS},
title = {Entomopathogenic fungi in crops protection with an emphasis on bioactive metabolites and biological activities.},
journal = {World journal of microbiology &amp; biotechnology},
volume = {40},
number = {7},
pages = {217},
pmid = {38806748},
issn = {1573-0972},
mesh = {Animals ; Beauveria/metabolism ; Biological Control Agents/metabolism ; Cordyceps/metabolism ; Crop Protection/methods ; *Crops, Agricultural/parasitology ; *Fungi/metabolism ; *Insecta/microbiology ; Metarhizium/metabolism ; *Pest Control, Biological ; Plant Diseases/parasitology/prevention &amp; control ; Secondary Metabolism ; },
abstract = {Plant pathogens with their abundance are harmful and cause huge damage to different agricultural crops and economy of a country as well as lead towards the shortage of food for humans. For their management, the utilization of entomopathogenic fungi is an eco-friendly technique, sustainable to the environment, safe for humans and has promising effect over chemical-based pesticides. This process requires a biochemical mechanism, including the production of enzymes, toxins, and other metabolites that facilitate host infection and invasion. Essential enzymes such as chitinase, proteinase, and lipase play a direct role in breaking down the host cuticle, the primary barrier to EPF (Entomopathogenic Fungi) infection. Additionally, secondary metabolites such as destruxins in Metarhizium, beauvericin in Beauveria, hirsutellides in Hirsutella, isarolides in Isaria, cordyols in Cordyceps, and vertihemipterins in Verticillium, among others, act both directly and indirectly to disable the defense mechanisms of insect hosts, thereby accelerating the EPF infection process. The chemical composition of these secondary metabolites varies, ranging from simple non-peptide pigments such as oosporine to highly complex piperazine derivatives such as vertihemiptellides. The biocontrol efficacy of EPF is extensively studied, with numerous fungal strains commercially available on a large scale for managing arthropod pests. This review emphasizes the role of proteins and enzymes against crop pathogens, detailing their mode of action, and describing the metabolites from entomopathogenic fungi and their biological activities. In doing so, these findings contribute to establishing a symbiotic equilibrium between agricultural productivity and environmental conservation.},
}
@article {pmid38806667,
year = {2024},
author = {Yang, X and Gao, Y and Li, Z and Zang, P and Zhao, Y and Liu, Q},
title = {Discovery of seed germinating fungi (Mycetinis scorodonius) from Gastrodia elata Bl. f. glauca S. chow in Changbai Mountain and examination of their germination ability.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {14},
number = {1},
pages = {12215},
pmid = {38806667},
issn = {2045-2322},
support = {Grant No. 20210401093YY//Science and Technology Development Program of Jilin Province/ ; 20220401110YY//Science and Technology Development Program of Jilin Province/ ; Grant No. 2022YFF1300503-04//National Key Research and Development Programme/ ; },
mesh = {*Gastrodia/microbiology ; *Germination ; *Seeds/microbiology/growth &amp; development ; Seedlings/microbiology/growth &amp; development ; },
abstract = {Multi-generational asexual reproduction of Gastrodia elata Bl. will cause seedling species degeneration. Sexual reproduction of Gastrodia elata Bl. seed is an effective method to solve the problem of degeneration. The development of Gastrodia elata Bl. seeds cannot be separated from the germination fungus. However, there are few strains of germination fungus in production, and there is also the problem of species degradation in application for many years. It is very important for the sexual reproduction of Gastrodia elata Bl. to isolate more new strains of excellent germination fungus from the origin. This study used the Gastrodia elata Bl. f. glauca S. chow seeds germination vegetative propagation corms capture method to isolate its symbiotic germination fungus, and comprehensively identified the species of germination fungus by colony morphology, ITS, sporocarps regeneration and germination function, and compared the growth characteristics and germination ability with other germination fungus (Mycena purpureofusca, Mycena dendrobii and Mycena osmundicola). The germination fungus was isolated from the vegetative propagation corms of Gastrodia elata Bl. f. glauca S. chow seeds and named GYGL-1. After comprehensive identification, GYGL-1 was Mycetinis scorodonius. Compared with other germination fungus, GYGL-1 has fast germination speed, vigorous growth, and high germination ability for Gastrodia elata Bl. f. glauca S. chow seeds. Innovated the isolation method of Gastrodia elata Bl. seeds germination fungus, obtained the regenerated sporocarps of the germination fungus, and discovered that Mycetinis scorodonius has a new function of germinating Gastrodia elata Bl. f. glauca S. chow seeds, enriching the resource library of Gastrodia elata Bl. germination fungus.},
}
@article {pmid38806600,
year = {2024},
author = {Kwon, KM and Kim, EH and Sim, KH and Lee, YJ and Kang, EJ and Han, KH and Jin, JS and Kim, DK and Ahn, JH and Hwang, IH},
title = {Phenylacetic acid, an anti-vaginitis metabolite produced by the vaginal symbiotic bacterium Chryseobacterium gleum.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {14},
number = {1},
pages = {12226},
pmid = {38806600},
issn = {2045-2322},
support = {2017R1D1A3B06035312//National Research Foundation of Korea/ ; 2020R1I1A3073660//National Research Foundation of Korea/ ; 2017R1C1B5073761//National Research Foundation of Korea/ ; },
mesh = {Female ; Animals ; *Phenylacetates/metabolism/pharmacology ; *Vagina/microbiology ; Mice ; Humans ; *Chryseobacterium/metabolism ; Candida albicans/metabolism/drug effects ; Symbiosis ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Gardnerella vaginalis/metabolism/drug effects ; Disease Models, Animal ; Vaginitis/microbiology/metabolism/drug therapy ; },
abstract = {The human microbiome contains genetic information that regulates metabolic processes in response to host health and disease. While acidic vaginal pH is maintained in normal conditions, the pH level increases in infectious vaginitis. We propose that this change in the vaginal environment triggers the biosynthesis of anti-vaginitis metabolites. Gene expression levels of Chryseobacterium gleum, a vaginal symbiotic bacterium, were found to be affected by pH changes. The distinctive difference in the metabolic profiles between two C. gleum cultures incubated under acidic and neutral pH conditions was suggested to be an anti-vaginitis molecule, which was identified as phenylacetic acid (PAA) by spectroscopic data analysis. The antimicrobial activity of PAA was evaluated in vitro, showing greater toxicity toward Gardnerella vaginalis and Candida albicans, two major vaginal pathogens, relative to commensal Lactobacillus spp. The activation of myeloperoxidase, prostaglandin E2, and nuclear factor-κB, and the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 were reduced by an intravaginal administration of PAA in the vaginitis mouse model. In addition, PAA displayed the downregulation of mast cell activation. Therefore, PAA was suggested to be a messenger molecule that mediates interactions between the human microbiome and vaginal health.},
}
@article {pmid38806098,
year = {2024},
author = {Khan, AL},
title = {Silicon: A valuable soil element for improving plant growth and CO2 sequestration.},
journal = {Journal of advanced research},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.jare.2024.05.027},
pmid = {38806098},
issn = {2090-1224},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Silicon (Si), the second most abundant and quasi-essential soil element, is locked as a recalcitrant silicate mineral in the Earth's crust. The physical abundance of silicates can play an essential role in increasing plant productivity. Plants store Si as biogenic silica (phytoliths), which is mobilized through a chemical weathering process in the soil.<br><br>AIM OF REVIEW: Although Si is a critical element for plant growth, there is still a considerable need to understand its dissolution, uptake, and translocation in agroecosystems. Here, we show recent progress in understanding the interactome of Si, CO2, the microbiome, and soil chemistry, which can sustainably govern silicate dissolution and cycling in agriculture.<br><br>Si cycling is directly related to carbon cycling, and the resulting climate stability can be enhanced by negative feedback between atmospheric CO2 and the silicate uptake process. Improved Si mobilization in the rhizosphere by the presence of reactive elements (for example, Ca, Na, Al, Zn, and Fe) and Si uptake through genetic transporters in plants are crucial to achieving the dual objectives of (i) enhancing crop productivity and (ii) abiotic stress tolerance. Furthermore, the microbiome is a symbiotic partner of plants. Bacterial and fungal microbiomes can solubilize silicate minerals through intriguingly complex bioweathering mechanisms by producing beneficial metabolites and enzymes. However, the interaction of Si with CO2 and the microbiome's function in mobilization have been understudied. This review shows that enhancing our understanding of Si, CO2, the microbiome, and soil chemistry can help in sustainable crop production during climatic stress events.},
}
@article {pmid36711506,
year = {2024},
author = {Lindsey, AR and Tennessen, JM and Gelaw, MA and Jones, MW and Parish, AJ and Newton, IL and Nemkov, T and D'Alessandro, A and Rai, M and Stark, N},
title = {The intracellular symbiont Wolbachia alters Drosophila development and metabolism to buffer against nutritional stress.},
journal = {bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1101/2023.01.20.524972},
pmid = {36711506},
support = {P40 OD018537/OD/NIH HHS/United States ; R01 AI144430/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States ; R35 GM119557/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/United States ; U41 HG000739/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/United States ; },
abstract = {UNLABELLED: The intracellular bacterium Wolbachia is a common symbiont of many arthropods and nematodes, well studied for its impacts on host reproductive biology. However, its broad success as a vertically transmitted infection cannot be attributed to manipulations of host reproduction alone. Using the Drosophila melanogaster model and their natively associated Wolbachia strain " w Mel", we show that Wolbachia infection supports fly development and buffers against nutritional stress. Wolbachia infection across several fly genotypes and a range of nutrient conditions resulted in reduced pupal mortality, increased adult emergence, and larger size. We determined that the exogenous supplementation of pyrimidines partially rescued developmental phenotypes in the Wolbachia -free flies, and that Wolbachia titers were responsive to reduced gene expression of the fly's de novo pyrimidine synthesis pathway. In parallel, transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses indicated that Wolbachia impacts larval biology far beyond pyrimidine metabolism. Wolbachia -infected larvae had strong signatures of shifts in glutathione and mitochondrial metabolism, plus significant changes in the expression of key developmental regulators including Notch , the insulin receptor (lnR), and the juvenile hormone receptor Methoprene-tolerant (Met). We propose that Wolbachia acts as a beneficial symbiont to support fly development and enhance host fitness, especially during periods of nutrient stress.<br><br>SIGNIFICANCE: Wolbachia is a bacterial symbiont of arthropods and nematodes, well described for its manipulations of arthropod reproduction. However, many have theorized there must be more to this symbiosis, even in well-studied Wolbachia- host relationships such as with Drosophila . Reproductive impacts alone cannot explain the success and ubiquity of this bacterium. Here, we use Drosophila melanogaster and their native Wolbachia infections to show that Wolbachia supports fly development and significantly buffers flies against nutritional stress. These developmental advantages might help explain the ubiquity of Wolbachia infections.},
}
@article {pmid38805979,
year = {2024},
author = {Silva, DF and Mazza Rodrigues, JL and Erikson, C and Silva, AMM and Huang, L and Araujo, VLVP and Matteoli, FP and Mendes, LW and Araujo, ASF and Pereira, APA and Melo, VMM and Cardoso, EJBN},
title = {Grazing exclusion-induced changes in soil fungal communities in a highly desertified Brazilian dryland.},
journal = {Microbiological research},
volume = {285},
number = {},
pages = {127763},
doi = {10.1016/j.micres.2024.127763},
pmid = {38805979},
issn = {1618-0623},
abstract = {Soil desertification poses a critical ecological challenge in arid and semiarid climates worldwide, leading to decreased soil productivity due to the disruption of essential microbial community processes. Fungi, as one of the most important soil microbial communities, play a crucial role in enhancing nutrient and water uptake by plants through mycorrhizal associations. However, the impact of overgrazing-induced desertification on fungal community structure, particularly in the Caatinga biome of semiarid regions, remains unclear. In this study, we assessed the changes in both the total fungal community and the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal community (AMF) across 1. Natural vegetation (native), 2. Grazing exclusion (20 years) (restored), and 3. affected by overgrazing-induced degradation (degraded) scenarios. Our assessment, conducted during both the dry and rainy seasons in Irauçuba, Ceará, utilized Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) gene sequencing via Illumina® platform. Our findings highlighted the significant roles of the AMF families Glomeraceae (∼71% of the total sequences) and Acaulosporaceae (∼14% of the total sequences) as potential key taxa in mitigating climate change within dryland areas. Moreover, we identified the orders Pleosporales (∼35% of the total sequences) and Capnodiales (∼21% of the total sequences) as the most abundant soil fungal communities in the Caatinga biome. The structure of the total fungal community differed when comparing native and restored areas to degraded areas. Total fungal communities from native and restored areas clustered together, suggesting that grazing exclusion has the potential to improve soil properties and recover fungal community structure amid global climate change challenges.},
}
@article {pmid38805274,
year = {2024},
author = {Van Nuland, ME and Qin, C and Pellitier, PT and Zhu, K and Peay, KG},
title = {Climate mismatches with ectomycorrhizal fungi contribute to migration lag in North American tree range shifts.},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
volume = {121},
number = {23},
pages = {e2308811121},
doi = {10.1073/pnas.2308811121},
pmid = {38805274},
issn = {1091-6490},
support = {1926438//National Science Foundation (NSF)/ ; 2244711//National Science Foundation (NSF)/ ; },
mesh = {*Mycorrhizae/physiology ; *Climate Change ; *Trees/microbiology ; North America ; *Symbiosis ; Forests ; Biodiversity ; Ecosystem ; },
abstract = {Climate change will likely shift plant and microbial distributions, creating geographic mismatches between plant hosts and essential microbial symbionts (e.g., ectomycorrhizal fungi, EMF). The loss of historical interactions, or the gain of novel associations, can have important consequences for biodiversity, ecosystem processes, and plant migration potential, yet few analyses exist that measure where mycorrhizal symbioses could be lost or gained across landscapes. Here, we examine climate change impacts on tree-EMF codistributions at the continent scale. We built species distribution models for 400 EMF species and 50 tree species, integrating fungal sequencing data from North American forest ecosystems with tree species occurrence records and long-term forest inventory data. Our results show the following: 1) tree and EMF climate suitability to shift toward higher latitudes; 2) climate shifts increase the size of shared tree-EMF habitat overall, but 35% of tree-EMF pairs are at risk of declining habitat overlap; 3) climate mismatches between trees and EMF are projected to be greater at northern vs. southern boundaries; and 4) tree migration lag is correlated with lower richness of climatically suitable EMF partners. This work represents a concentrated effort to quantify the spatial extent and location of tree-EMF climate envelope mismatches. Our findings also support a biotic mechanism partially explaining the failure of northward tree species migrations with climate change: reduced diversity of co-occurring and climate-compatible EMF symbionts at higher latitudes. We highlight the conservation implications for identifying areas where tree and EMF responses to climate change may be highly divergent.},
}
@article {pmid38804915,
year = {2024},
author = {Viteri-Echeverría, J and Andrés, A and Calvo-Lerma, J and Heredia, A and García-Hernández, J and Asensio-Grau, A},
title = {In vitro screening of the impact of dietary prebiotic components, probiotic strains, and their symbiotic combinations on colonic microbiota in children with cystic fibrosis.},
journal = {Food &amp; function},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1039/d4fo00325j},
pmid = {38804915},
issn = {2042-650X},
abstract = {Children with Cystic Fibrosis (CF) are more likely to have intestinal dysbiosis due to recurrent antibiotic therapy and the conventional hypercaloric diet administered to them. This study aimed at evaluating the effect of isolated prebiotic components and probiotic strains, and their combinations as potential synbiotics, on the intestinal microbiota of CF children. A static in vitro colonic fermentation model was used by colonizing vials with faecal inoculum, a culture medium, and the substrates to be tested. Post treatment, aliquots were taken to determine ammonium, lactate, and short-chain fatty acids production and to profile the microbiota composition by 16s rRNA sequencing. At genus level, Escherichia-Shigella decreased (15.8%) with the treatment pectin + L. rhamnosus, followed by the beta-glucan + L. salivarius (15.5%). Inversely, the most increase in Bacteroides (44%) was obtained by the treatment with Pectin + L. reuteri. Lactate and acetic acid production was significantly increased with prebiotics and their combinations with L. rhamnosus and L. salivarius. In conclusion, the use of beta-glucan and pectin in combination with probiotic strains from the Lactobacillaceae family suggest potential to modulate dysbiosis and metabolic activity on CF colonic microbiota, encouraging further studies in animal studies or clinical settings to confirm the findings in vivo.},
}
@article {pmid38803610,
year = {2024},
author = {Strawsine, M and van Galen, LG and Lord, JM and Larcombe, MJ},
title = {Trophic facilitation in forest restoration: Can Nothofagus trees use ectomycorrhizal fungi of the pioneer shrub Leptospermum?.},
journal = {Ecology and evolution},
volume = {14},
number = {5},
pages = {e11442},
pmid = {38803610},
issn = {2045-7758},
abstract = {The benefits of plant-to-plant facilitation in ecological restoration are well recognized, yet the potential for indirect trophic facilitation remains understudied. Nothofagus (southern beech; Nothofagaceae) is an iconic southern hemisphere tree genus that is frequently the focus of ecological restoration efforts. One aspect of Nothofagus ecology that may limit restoration success is the availability of appropriate ectomycorrhizal fungi. It has been suggested that pioneer dual-mycorrhizal hosts such as Leptospermum species (Myrtaceae) could facilitate Nothofagus establishment by providing fungal inoculum, but the capacity for Nothofagus to use Leptospermum ectomycorrhizal fungi is unknown. To investigate potential indirect facilitation, we conducted a common garden pot trial to determine if Nothofagus cliffortioides (mountain beech) can use symbionts from Leptospermum scoparium (mānuka) ectomycorrhizal communities. Nothofagus and Leptospermum seedlings were grown in monoculture and mixed pairs with reciprocal "home" and "away" soil fungal inoculum. ITS2 metabarcoding of eDNA from hyphal ingrowth bags revealed that Nothofagus and Leptospermum inoculum contained different ectomycorrhizal fungal communities, but that half of the common ectomycorrhizal taxa identified were found in both soil types, suggesting generalist fungi exist. Nothofagus was able to form associations with some fungal species originating from Leptospermum inoculum, however, probable spore contamination meant that the proportion of root colonization associated with those species was ambiguous. Root ectomycorrhizal colonization rates were positively associated with seedling biomass, and there was some evidence of a home soil inoculum advantage in Nothofagus, but these effects were minor. Additionally, we found evidence that home inoculum provides a protective advantage against drought stress for Leptospermum seedlings. Our results indicate the potential for using Leptospermum to promote Nothofagus establishment in restoration plantings and highlight the possible benefits of considering fungal mutualists in ecological restoration projects.},
}
@article {pmid38803107,
year = {2024},
author = {Wang, P and Zhong, Y and Li, Y and Zhu, W and Zhang, Y and Li, J and Chen, Z and Limpens, E},
title = {The phosphate starvation response regulator PHR2 antagonizes arbuscule maintenance in Medicago.},
journal = {The New phytologist},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/nph.19869},
pmid = {38803107},
issn = {1469-8137},
support = {22B0039//Hunan Provincial Department of Education/ ; 2024JJ4029//Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province/ ; 32300251//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; },
abstract = {Phosphate starvation response (PHR) transcription factors play essential roles in regulating phosphate uptake in plants through binding to the P1BS cis-element in the promoter of phosphate starvation response genes. Recently, PHRs were also shown to positively regulate arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization in rice and lotus by controlling the expression of many symbiotic genes. However, their role in arbuscule development has remained unclear. In Medicago, we previously showed that arbuscule degradation is controlled by two SPX proteins that are highly expressed in arbuscule-containing cells. Since SPX proteins bind to PHRs and repress their activity in a phosphate-dependent manner, we investigated whether arbuscule maintenance is also regulated by PHR. Here, we show that PHR2 is a major regulator of the phosphate starvation response in Medicago. Knockout of phr2 showed reduced phosphate starvation response, symbiotic gene expression, and fungal colonization levels. However, the arbuscules that formed showed less degradation, suggesting a negative role for PHR2 in arbuscule maintenance. This was supported by the observation that overexpression of PHR2 led to enhanced degradation of arbuscules. Although many arbuscule-induced genes contain P1BS elements in their promoters, we found that the P1BS cis-elements in the promoter of the symbiotic phosphate transporter PT4 are not required for arbuscule-containing cell expression. Since both PHR2 and SPX1/3 negatively affect arbuscule maintenance, our results indicate that they control arbuscule maintenance partly via different mechanisms. While PHR2 potentiates symbiotic gene expression and colonization, its activity in arbuscule-containing cells needs to be tightly controlled to maintain a successful symbiosis in Medicago.},
}
@article {pmid38802832,
year = {2024},
author = {Redhead, CAB and Frith, L and Chiumento, A and Fovargue, S and Draper, H},
title = {Using symbiotic empirical ethics to explore the significance of relationships to clinical ethics: findings from the Reset Ethics research project.},
journal = {BMC medical ethics},
volume = {25},
number = {1},
pages = {66},
pmid = {38802832},
issn = {1472-6939},
support = {AH/V00820X/1//UKRI AHRC/ ; AH/V00820X/1//UKRI AHRC/ ; AH/V00820X/1//UKRI AHRC/ ; AH/V00820X/1//UKRI AHRC/ ; AH/V00820X/1//UKRI AHRC/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/epidemiology ; *Ethics, Clinical ; *SARS-CoV-2 ; England ; Pandemics ; Health Personnel/ethics ; State Medicine/ethics ; Ethical Theory ; Focus Groups ; Delivery of Health Care/ethics ; Empirical Research ; Qualitative Research ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: At the beginning of the coronavirus (Covid-19) pandemic, many non-Covid healthcare services were suspended. In April 2020, the Department of Health in England mandated that non-Covid services should resume, alongside the continuing pandemic response. This 'resetting' of healthcare services created a unique context in which it became critical to consider how ethical considerations did (and should) underpin decisions about integrating infection control measures into routine healthcare practices. We draw on data collected as part of the 'NHS Reset Ethics' project, which explored the everyday ethical challenges of resetting England's NHS maternity and paediatrics services during the pandemic.<br><br>METHODS: Healthcare professionals and members of the public participated in interviews and focus group discussions. The qualitative methods are reported in detail elsewhere. The focus of this article is our use of Frith's symbiotic empirical ethics methodology to work from our empirical findings towards the normative suggestion that clinical ethics should explicitly attend to the importance of relationships in clinical practice. This methodology uses a five-step approach to refine and develop ethical theory based on a naturalist account of ethics that sees practice and theory as symbiotically related.<br><br>RESULTS: The Reset project data showed that changed working practices caused ethical challenges for healthcare professionals, and that infection prevention and control measures represented harmful barriers to the experience of receiving and offering care. For healthcare professionals, offering care as part of a relational interaction was an ethically important dimension of healthcare delivery.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that foregrounding the importance of relationships across a hospital community will better promote the ethically important multi-directional expression of caring between healthcare professionals, patients, and their families. We offer two suggestions for making progress towards such a relational approach. First, that there is a change of emphasis in clinical ethics practice to explicitly acknowledge the importance of the relationships (including with their healthcare team) within which the patient is held. Second, that organisational decision-making should take into account the moral significance afforded to caring relationships by healthcare professionals, and the role such relationships can play in the negotiation of ethical challenges.},
}
@article {pmid38802699,
year = {2024},
author = {Li, Y and Perez-Gil, J and Lois, LM and Varejão, N and Reverter, D},
title = {Broad-spectrum ubiquitin/ubiquitin-like deconjugation activity of the rhizobial effector NopD from Bradyrhizobium (sp. XS1150).},
journal = {Communications biology},
volume = {7},
number = {1},
pages = {644},
pmid = {38802699},
issn = {2399-3642},
support = {PID2021-123572NB-I00//Ministerio de Econom&#xed;a y Competitividad (Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness)/ ; },
mesh = {*Bradyrhizobium/metabolism/genetics ; *Bacterial Proteins/metabolism/genetics/chemistry ; *Ubiquitin/metabolism ; Arabidopsis Proteins/metabolism/genetics/chemistry ; Arabidopsis/microbiology/metabolism ; Small Ubiquitin-Related Modifier Proteins/metabolism ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Protein Processing, Post-Translational ; Ubiquitins/metabolism/genetics ; Protein Binding ; },
abstract = {The post-translational modification of proteins by ubiquitin-like modifiers (UbLs), such as SUMO, ubiquitin, and Nedd8, regulates a vast array of cellular processes. Dedicated UbL deconjugating proteases families reverse these modifications. During bacterial infection, effector proteins, including deconjugating proteases, are released to disrupt host cell defenses and promote bacterial survival. NopD, an effector protein from rhizobia involved in legume nodule symbiosis, exhibits deSUMOylation activity and, unexpectedly, also deubiquitination and deNeddylation activities. Here, we present two crystal structures of Bradyrhizobium (sp. XS1150) NopD complexed with either Arabidopsis SUMO2 or ubiquitin at 1.50 Å and 1.94 Å resolution, respectively. Despite their low sequence similarity, SUMO and ubiquitin bind to a similar NopD interface, employing a unique loop insertion in the NopD sequence. In vitro binding and activity assays reveal specific residues that distinguish between deubiquitination and deSUMOylation. These unique multifaceted deconjugating activities against SUMO, ubiquitin, and Nedd8 exemplify an optimized bacterial protease that disrupts distinct UbL post-translational modifications during host cell infection.},
}
@article {pmid38802499,
year = {2024},
author = {Parmentier, T and Bonte, D and De Laender, F},
title = {A successional shift enhances stability in ant symbiont communities.},
journal = {Communications biology},
volume = {7},
number = {1},
pages = {645},
pmid = {38802499},
issn = {2399-3642},
support = {1203020N//Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (Research Foundation Flanders)/ ; 30257865//Fonds De La Recherche Scientifique - FNRS (Belgian National Fund for Scientific Research)/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Ants/microbiology/physiology ; *Symbiosis ; *Food Chain ; Ecosystem ; Nesting Behavior ; },
abstract = {Throughout succession, communities undergo structural shifts, which can alter the relative abundances of species and how they interact. It is frequently asserted that these alterations beget stability, i.e. that succession selects for communities better able to resist perturbations. Yet, whether and how alterations of network structure affect stability during succession in complex communities is rarely studied in natural ecosystems. Here, we explore how network attributes influence stability of different successional stages of a natural network: symbiotic arthropod communities forming food webs inside red wood ant nests. We determined the abundance of 16 functional groups within the symbiont community across 51 host nests in the beginning and end stages of succession. Nest age was the main driver of the compositional shifts: symbiont communities in old nests contained more even species abundance distributions and a greater proportion of specialists. Based on the abundance data, we reconstructed interaction matrices and food webs of the symbiont community for each nest. We showed that the enhanced community evenness in old nests leads to an augmented food web stability in all but the largest symbiont communities. Overall, this study demonstrates that succession begets stability in a natural ecological network by making the community more even.},
}
@article {pmid38802437,
year = {2024},
author = {Rúa, MA and Hoeksema, JD},
title = {Interspecific selection in a diverse mycorrhizal symbiosis.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {14},
number = {1},
pages = {12151},
pmid = {38802437},
issn = {2045-2322},
support = {DBI-12-02676//National Science Foundation (NSF)/ ; },
mesh = {*Mycorrhizae/genetics/physiology ; *Symbiosis/genetics ; *Pinus/microbiology ; Selection, Genetic ; Seedlings/microbiology/growth &amp; development ; Phenotype ; Genotype ; Biological Evolution ; },
abstract = {Coevolution describes evolutionary change in which two or more interacting species reciprocally drive each other's evolution, potentially resulting in trait diversification and ecological speciation. Much progress has been made in analysis of its dynamics and consequences, but relatively little is understood about how coevolution works in multispecies interactions, i.e., those with diverse suites of species on one or both sides of an interaction. Interactions among plant hosts and their mutualistic ectomycorrhizal fungi (ECM) may provide an ecologically unique arena to examine the nature of selection in multispecies interactions. Using native genotypes of Monterey pine (Pinus radiata), we performed a common garden experiment at a field site that contains native stands to investigate selection from ECM fungi on pine traits. We planted seedlings from all five native populations, as well as inter-population crosses to represent intermediate phenotypes/genotypes, and measured seedling traits and ECM fungal traits to evaluate the potential for evolution in the symbiosis. We then combined field estimates of selection gradients with estimates of heritability and genetic variance-covariance matrices for multiple traits of the mutualism to determine which fungal traits drive plant fitness variation. We found evidence that certain fungal operational taxonomic units, families and species-level morphological traits by which ECM fungi acquire and transport nutrients exert selection on plant traits related to growth and allocation patterns. This work represents the first field-based, community-level study measuring multispecific coevolutionary selection in nutritional symbioses.},
}
@article {pmid38802387,
year = {2024},
author = {Kates, HR and O'Meara, BC and LaFrance, R and Stull, GW and James, EK and Liu, SY and Tian, Q and Yi, TS and Conde, D and Kirst, M and Ané, JM and Soltis, DE and Guralnick, RP and Soltis, PS and Folk, RA},
title = {Shifts in evolutionary lability underlie independent gains and losses of root-nodule symbiosis in a single clade of plants.},
journal = {Nature communications},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {4262},
pmid = {38802387},
issn = {2041-1723},
mesh = {*Symbiosis/genetics ; *Phylogeny ; *Nitrogen Fixation/genetics ; *Root Nodules, Plant/microbiology/genetics ; Evolution, Molecular ; Biological Evolution ; Plant Roots/microbiology/genetics ; Magnoliopsida/genetics/microbiology ; },
abstract = {Root nodule symbiosis (RNS) is a complex trait that enables plants to access atmospheric nitrogen converted into usable forms through a mutualistic relationship with soil bacteria. Pinpointing the evolutionary origins of RNS is critical for understanding its genetic basis, but building this evolutionary context is complicated by data limitations and the intermittent presence of RNS in a single clade of ca. 30,000 species of flowering plants, i.e., the nitrogen-fixing clade (NFC). We developed the most extensive de novo phylogeny for the NFC and an RNS trait database to reconstruct the evolution of RNS. Our analysis identifies evolutionary rate heterogeneity associated with a two-step process: An ancestral precursor state transitioned to a more labile state from which RNS was rapidly gained at multiple points in the NFC. We illustrate how a two-step process could explain multiple independent gains and losses of RNS, contrary to recent hypotheses suggesting one gain and numerous losses, and suggest a broader phylogenetic and genetic scope may be required for genome-phenome mapping.},
}
@article {pmid38802023,
year = {2024},
author = {Ji, W and Ma, J and Zheng, Z and Al-Herrawy, AZ and Xie, B and Wu, D},
title = {Algae blooms with resistance in fresh water: Potential interplay between Microcystis and antibiotic resistance genes.},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {173528},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173528},
pmid = {38802023},
issn = {1879-1026},
abstract = {Microcystis, a type of cyanobacteria known for producing microcystins (MCs), is experiencing a global increase in blooms. They have been recently recognized as potential contributors to the widespread of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). By reviewing approximately 150 pieces of recent studies, a hypothesis has been formulated suggesting that significant fluctuations in MCs concentrations and microbial community structure during Microcystis blooms could influence the dynamics of waterborne ARGs. Among all MCs, microcystin-LR (MC-LR) is the most widely distributed worldwide, notably abundant in reservoirs during summer. MCs inhibit protein phosphatases or increase reactive oxygen species (ROS), inducing oxidative stresses, enhancing membrane permeability, and causing DNA damage. This further enhances selective pressures and horizontal gene transfer (HGT) chances of ARGs. The mechanisms by which Microcystis regulates ARG dissemination have been systematically organized for the first time, focusing on the secretion of MCs and the alterations of bacterial community structure. However, several knowledge gaps remain, particularly concerning how MCs interfere with the electron transport chain and how Microcystis facilitates HGT of ARGs. Concurrently, the predominance of Microcystis forming the algal microbial aggregates is considered a hotspot for preserving and transferring ARGs. Yet, Microcystis can deplete the nutrients from other taxa within these aggregates, thereby reducing the density of ARG-carrying bacteria. Therefore, further studies are needed to explore the 'symbiotic - competitive' relationships between Microcystis and ARG-hosting bacteria under varied nutrient conditions. Addressing these knowledge gaps is crucial to understand the impacts of the algal aggregates on dynamics of waterborne antibiotic resistome, and underscores the need for effective control of Microcystis to curb the spread of antibiotic resistance. Constructed wetlands and photocatalysis represent advantageous strategies for halting the spread of ARGs from the perspective of Microcystis blooms, as they can effectively control Microcystis and MCs while maintaining the stability of aquatic ecosystem.},
}
@article {pmid38801912,
year = {2024},
author = {Smith-Ávila, S and Ibarra-Cerdeña, CN and Barranco-Florido, JE and Vidal-Martínez, VM},
title = {Heterorhabditis indica (Nematoda: Rhabditida) a possible new biological control agent against the vector of Chagas disease.},
journal = {Acta tropica},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {107262},
doi = {10.1016/j.actatropica.2024.107262},
pmid = {38801912},
issn = {1873-6254},
abstract = {Chagas disease is a zoonosis caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi and transmitted through the feces of triatomines, mainly in Latin America. Since the 1950s, chemical insecticides have been the primary method for controlling these triatomines, yet resistance has emerged, prompting the exploration of alternative approaches. The objective of this research was to test the capacity of the entomopathogenic nematodes Heterorhabditis indica and its symbiotic bacteria Photorhabdus luminescens, to produce mortality of Triatoma dimidiata a key vector of T. cruzi in Mexico under laboratory conditions. Two bioassays were conducted. In the first bioassay, the experimental unit was a 250 ml plastic jar with 100 g of sterile soil and three adult T. dimidiata. Three nematode quantities were tested: 2250, 4500, and 9000 nematodes per 100 g of sterile soil (n/100g) per jar, with three replicates for each concentration and one control per concentration (one jar with 100 g of sterile soil and three T. dimidiata without nematodes). The experimental unit of the second bioassay was a 500 ml plastic jar with 100 g of sterile soil and four adult T. dimidiata. This bioassay included 5, 50, 500, and 5000 n/100 g of sterile soil per jar, with three replicates of each quantity and one control per quantity. Data were analyzed using Kaplan-Meyer survival analysis. Electron microscopy was used to assess the presence of nematodes and tissue damage in T. dimidiata. The results of the first bioassay demonstrated that the nematode induced an accumulated average mortality ranging from 55.5% (2250 n/100 g) to 100% (4500 and 9000 n/100 g) within 144 hours. In the second bioassay, the 5000 n/100 g concentration yielded 87.5% mortality at 86 hours, but a concentration as small as 500 n/100 g caused 75% mortality from 84 hours onwards. Survival analysis indicated higher T. dimidiata mortality with increased nematode quantities, with significant differences between the 4500, 5000, and 9000 n/100 g and controls. Electron microscopy revealed the presence of nematodes and its presumably symbiotic bacteria in the digestive system of T. dimidiata. Based on these analyses, we assert that the H. indica and P. luminescens complex causes mortality in adult T. dimidiata under laboratory conditions.},
}
@article {pmid38801470,
year = {2024},
author = {Durney, C and Boussageon, R and El-Mjiyad, N and Wipf, D and Courty, PE},
title = {Arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis with Rhizophagus irregularis DAOM197198 modifies the root transcriptome of walnut trees.},
journal = {Mycorrhiza},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {38801470},
issn = {1432-1890},
abstract = {Walnut trees are cultivated and exploited worldwide for commercial timber and nut production. They are heterografted plants, with the rootstock selected to grow in different soil types and conditions and to provide the best anchorage, vigor, and resistance or tolerance to soil borne pests and diseases. However, no individual rootstock is tolerant of all factors that impact walnut production. In Europe, Juglans regia is mainly used as a rootstock. Like most terrestrial plants, walnut trees form arbuscular mycorrhizal symbioses, improving water and nutrient uptake and providing additional ecosystem services. Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis on root gene regulation, however, has never been assessed. We analyzed the response of one rootstock of J. regia to colonization by the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Rhizophagus irregularis DAOM197198. Plant growth as well as the nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations in roots and shoots were significantly increased in mycorrhizal plants versus non-colonized plants. In addition, we have shown that 1,549 genes were differentially expressed, with 832 and 717 genes up- and down-regulated, respectively. The analysis also revealed that some rootstock genes involved in plant nutrition through the mycorrhizal pathway, are regulated similarly as in other mycorrhizal woody species: Vitis vinifera and Populus trichocarpa. In addition, an enrichment analysis performed on GO and KEGG pathways revealed some regulation specific to J. regia (i.e., the juglone pathway). This analysis reinforces the role of arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis on root gene regulation and on the need to finely study the effects of diverse arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on root gene regulation, but also of the scion on the functioning of an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus in heterografted plants such as walnut tree.},
}
@article {pmid38799638,
year = {2024},
author = {Gu, Y and Wang, Z and Wang, Y},
title = {Bispecific antibody drug conjugates: Making 1+1&gt;2.},
journal = {Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B},
volume = {14},
number = {5},
pages = {1965-1986},
pmid = {38799638},
issn = {2211-3835},
abstract = {Bispecific antibody‒drug conjugates (BsADCs) represent an innovative therapeutic category amalgamating the merits of antibody‒drug conjugates (ADCs) and bispecific antibodies (BsAbs). Positioned as the next-generation ADC approach, BsADCs hold promise for ameliorating extant clinical challenges associated with ADCs, particularly pertaining to issues such as poor internalization, off-target toxicity, and drug resistance. Presently, ten BsADCs are undergoing clinical trials, and initial findings underscore the imperative for ongoing refinement. This review initially delves into specific design considerations for BsADCs, encompassing target selection, antibody formats, and the linker-payload complex. Subsequent sections delineate the extant progress and challenges encountered by BsADCs, illustrated through pertinent case studies. The amalgamation of BsAbs with ADCs offers a prospective solution to prevailing clinical limitations of ADCs. Nevertheless, the symbiotic interplay among BsAb, linker, and payload necessitates further optimizations and coordination beyond a simplistic "1 + 1" to effectively surmount the extant challenges facing the BsADC domain.},
}
@article {pmid38799093,
year = {2024},
author = {Meneses, CHSG and Proença, DN and Estrada-Bonilla, GA and Vidal, MS},
title = {Editorial: Plant-bacteria association and symbiosis.},
journal = {Frontiers in plant science},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1423947},
doi = {10.3389/fpls.2024.1423947},
pmid = {38799093},
issn = {1664-462X},
}
@article {pmid38797943,
year = {2024},
author = {Morales-Quintana, L and Rabert, C and Mendez-Yañez, A and Ramos, P},
title = {Transcriptional and structural analysis of non-specific lipid transfer proteins modulated by fungal endophytes in Antarctic plants under drought.},
journal = {Physiologia plantarum},
volume = {176},
number = {3},
pages = {e14359},
doi = {10.1111/ppl.14359},
pmid = {38797943},
issn = {1399-3054},
support = {1211057//Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Cient&#xed;fico y Tecnol&#xf3;gico/ ; 1220782//Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Cient&#xed;fico y Tecnol&#xf3;gico/ ; ANILLO ATE#220014//Agencia Nacional de Investigaci&#xf3;n y Desarrollo/ ; },
mesh = {*Droughts ; *Endophytes/physiology/metabolism ; Antarctic Regions ; *Carrier Proteins/metabolism/genetics ; *Plant Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Fungi/physiology/genetics ; Stress, Physiological ; Molecular Dynamics Simulation ; },
abstract = {Lipid transfer proteins (LTPs) play crucial roles in various biological processes in plants, such as pollen tube adhesion, phospholipid transfer, cuticle synthesis, and response to abiotic stress. While a few members of the non-specific LTPs (nsLTPs) have been identified, their structural characteristics remain largely unexplored. Given the observed improvement in the performance of Antarctic plants facing water deficit when associated with fungal endophytes, this study aimed to assess the role of these symbiotic organisms in the transcriptional modulation of putative nsLTPs. The study focused on identifying and characterizing two nsLTP in the Antarctic plant Colobanthus quitensis that exhibit responsiveness to drought stress. Furthermore, we investigated the influence of Antarctic endophytic fungi on the expression profiles of these nsLTPs, as these fungi have been known to enhance plant physiological and biochemical performance under water deficit conditions. Through 3D modeling, docking, and molecular dynamics simulations with different substrates, the conducted structural and ligand-protein interaction analyses showed that differentially expressed nsLTPs displayed the ability to interact with various ligands, with a higher affinity towards palmitoyl-CoA. Overall, our findings suggest a regulatory mechanism for the expression of these two nsLTPs in Colobanthus quitensis under drought stress, further modulated by the presence of endophytic fungi.},
}
@article {pmid38797504,
year = {2024},
author = {Gilat, R and Yazdi, AA and Weissman, AC and Joyce, KM and Bouftas, FA and Muth, SA and Chisari, E and Shohat, N and Cole, BJ},
title = {The Gut Microbiome and Joint Microbiome Show Alterations in Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis Versus Controls: A Systematic Review.},
journal = {Arthroscopy : the journal of arthroscopic &amp; related surgery : official publication of the Arthroscopy Association of North America and the International Arthroscopy Association},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.arthro.2024.05.010},
pmid = {38797504},
issn = {1526-3231},
abstract = {PURPOSE: To assess the current scientific literature on the microbiome's relationship with knee osteoarthritis (OA), with specific focuses on the gut microbiome-joint axis and joint microbiome-joint axis.<br><br>METHODS: A systematic review was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses guidelines, searching PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases for relevant English-language clinical studies on the gut and/or joint microbiomes' association with knee OA in humans. Bias was evaluated using the methodological index for non-randomized studies score.<br><br>RESULTS: Thirty-five thousand bacterial species comprise the gut microbiome; approximately 90% are members of the phyla Bacteroides and Firmicutes. Symbiosis between the gut microbiome and host under normal physiological conditions positively affects host growth, development, immunity, and longevity. Gut microbiome imbalance can negatively influence various physiological processes, including immune response, inflammation, metabolism, and joint health including development of knee OA. In addition, next generation gene sequencing suggests the presence of microorganisms in the synovial fluid of osteoarthritic knees, and distinct microbiome profiles detected are presumed to play a role in the development of OA. With regard to the gut microbiome, consistent alterations in microbial composition between OA patients and controls are noted, in addition to several associations between certain gut bacteria with OA-related knee pain, patient-reported outcome measure performance, imaging findings, and changes in metabolic and inflammatory pathways. Regarding the joint microbiome, studies revealed increased levels of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and LPS-binding protein in synovial fluid are associated with activated macrophages, and correlated with worsened osteophyte severity, joint space narrowing, and pain scores in knee OA patients. In addition, studies demonstrated various microbial composition differences in OA patients compared to control, with certain joint microbes directly associated with OA pathogenesis, inflammation, and metabolic dysregulation.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: The gut microbiome-joint axis and joint microbiome shows alterations in microbial composition between osteoarthritic patients and controls. These alterations are associated with perturbations of metabolic and inflammatory pathways, imaging findings, osteoarthritis-related pain, and patient reported outcome measure performance.<br><br>LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Systematic Review; Level III.},
}
@article {pmid38796729,
year = {2024},
author = {Fukuda, H and Mamiya, R and Akamatsu, A and Takeda, N},
title = {Two LysM receptor-like kinases regulate arbuscular mycorrhiza through distinct signaling pathways in Lotus japonicus.},
journal = {The New phytologist},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/nph.19863},
pmid = {38796729},
issn = {1469-8137},
support = {22K06288//Japan Society for the Promotion of Science/ ; },
}
@article {pmid38796259,
year = {2024},
author = {Shenoy, BD and Khandeparker, RDS and Fernandes, P and Amberkar, U},
title = {Fungal diversity associated with Goa's tarballs: Insights from ITS region amplicon sequencing.},
journal = {Fungal biology},
volume = {128},
number = {3},
pages = {1751-1757},
doi = {10.1016/j.funbio.2024.03.001},
pmid = {38796259},
issn = {1878-6146},
mesh = {India ; *DNA, Fungal/genetics ; *Fungi/genetics/classification/isolation &amp; purification ; *Biodiversity ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; DNA, Ribosomal Spacer/genetics ; Phylogeny ; Petroleum/microbiology ; },
abstract = {This study explores the fungal diversity associated with tarballs, weathered crude oil deposits, on Goa's tourist beaches. Despite tarball pollution being a longstanding issue in Goa state in India, comprehensive studies on associated fungi are scarce. Our research based on amplicon sequence analysis of fungal ITS region fills this gap, revealing a dominance of Aspergillus, particularly Aspergillus penicillioides, associated with tarballs from Vagator and Morjim beaches. Other notable species, including Aspergillus sydowii, Aspergillus carbonarius, and Trichoderma species, were identified, all with potential public health and ecosystem implications. A FUNGuild analysis was conducted to investigate the potential ecological roles of these fungi, revealing a diverse range of roles, including nutrient cycling, disease propagation, and symbiotic relationships. The study underscores the need for further research and monitoring, given the potential health risks and contribution of tarball-associated fungi to the bioremediation of crude oil-contaminated beaches.},
}
@article {pmid38795991,
year = {2024},
author = {Lin, K and Jian, J and Zhang, Y and Liu, Y and Li, S and Zhao, Y and Xu, H},
title = {Study on Plant-blanket to reduce heavy metal migration caused by precipitation and to improve the soil environment of pyritic tailings.},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {173376},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173376},
pmid = {38795991},
issn = {1879-1026},
abstract = {The increasing demand for mineral resources due to industrial development has led to significant tailings pollution during the mineral extraction process. In the southwestern region of China, a large amount of pyritic tailings containing pyrite cinder easily leaches heavy metals and other pollutants when exposed to precipitation, resulting in widespread soil contamination. Effective remediation methods are urgently needed to address this issue. This study utilized naturally occurring Plant-blanket formed by the symbiosis of moss and herbaceous plants on pyritic tailings as restoration material. Through leaching experiments and staining tracer techniques, the study investigated the ability of Plant-blanket to reduce the migration of heavy metals from pyrite cinder to soil under the influence of precipitation and its role in improving the soil environment. The results showed that within 12 h, the Plant-blanket could absorb water equivalent to 206.9 % of its own weight and had good water retention ability. It reduced the stained area ratio of soil horizontal and vertical profiles after precipitation leaching by a maximum of 76.08 % and 46.41 %, respectively, and improved the pH, cation exchange capacity (CEC), bulk density, and water content of soil at different depths. In addition, after being covered by Plant-blanket, the migration of Cd and Cu was reduced by a maximum of 44.35 % and 55.77 % respectively, and it increased the diversity and abundance of bacterial communities, promoting the recovery of soil microbial ecological functions. These findings indicate that Plant-blanket can regulate water and improve soil environment, and has certain control ability on the migration of Cd and Cu produced by pyritic tailings. Meanwhile, Plant-blanket plays an important role in improving the soil environment in mining areas and promoting ecosystem restoration, providing valuable reference for further exploration of ecological restoration of tailings.},
}
@article {pmid38795574,
year = {2024},
author = {Xu, J and Ming, H and Ren, K and Li, D and Huang, H and Li, J and Shao, K and Li, H and Fan, J},
title = {Spatial heterogeneity plays a vital role in shaping the structure and function of estuarine carbon-fixing bacterial communities.},
journal = {Marine environmental research},
volume = {198},
number = {},
pages = {106544},
doi = {10.1016/j.marenvres.2024.106544},
pmid = {38795574},
issn = {1879-0291},
abstract = {Carbon-fixing bacterial communities are essential drivers of carbon fixation in estuarine ecosystems that critically affect the global carbon cycle. This study compared the abundances of the Calvin cycle functional genes cbbL and cbbM and Reductive tricarboxylic acid cycle gene aclB, as well as compared carbon-fixing bacterial community features in the two estuaries, predicted potential ecological functions of carbon-fixation bacteria, and analyzed their symbiosis strategies in two estuaries having different geographical distributions. Gammaproteobacteria was the dominant carbon-fixing bacterial community in the two estuaries. However, a higher number of Alphaproteobacteria were noted in the Liaohe Estuary, and a higher number of Betaproteobacteria were found in the Yalujiang Estuary. The carbon-fixing functional gene levels exhibited the order of aclB > cbbL > cbbM, and significant effects of Cu, Pb, and petroleum were observed (p < 0.05). Nitrogen-associated nutrient levels are major environmental factors that affect carbon-fixing bacterial community distribution patterns. Spatial factors significantly affected cbbL carbon-fixing functional bacterial community structure more than environmental factors. With the increase in offshore distance, the microbial-led processes of methylotrophy and nitrogen fixation gradually weakened, but a gradual strengthening of methanotrophy and nitrification was observed. Symbiotic network analysis of the microorganisms mediating these ecological processes revealed that the carbon-fixing bacterial community in these two estuaries had a non-random symbiotic pattern, and microbial communities from the same module were strongly linked among the carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur cycle. These findings could advance the understanding of carbon fixation in estuarine ecosystems.},
}
@article {pmid38795485,
year = {2024},
author = {Gao, Z and Cao, M and Ma, S and Geng, H and Li, J and Xu, Q and Sun, K and Wang, F},
title = {Sulfadiazine proliferated antibiotic resistance genes in the phycosphere of Chlorella pyrenoidosa: Insights from bacterial communities and microalgal metabolites.},
journal = {Journal of hazardous materials},
volume = {473},
number = {},
pages = {134679},
doi = {10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134679},
pmid = {38795485},
issn = {1873-3336},
abstract = {The phycosphere is an essential ecological niche for the proliferation of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). However, how ARGs' potential hosts change and the driving mechanism of metabolites under antibiotic stress in the phycosphere have seldom been researched. We investigated the response of Chlorella pyrenoidosa and the structure and abundance of free-living (FL) and particle-attached (PA) bacteria, ARGs, and metabolites under sulfadiazine by using real-time quantitative PCR, 16 S rRNA high-throughput. The linkage of key bacterial communities, ARGs, and metabolites through correlations was established. Through analysis of physiological indicators, Chlorella pyrenoidosa displayed a pattern of "low-dose promotion and high-dose inhibition" under antibiotic stress. ARGs were enriched in the PA treatment groups by 117 %. At the phylum level, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Actinobacteria as potential hosts for ARGs. At the genus level, potential hosts included Sphingopyxis, SM1A02, Aquimonas, Vitellibacter, and Proteiniphilum. Middle and high antibiotic concentrations induced the secretion of metabolites closely related to potential hosts by algae, such as phytosphingosine, Lysophosphatidylcholine, and α-Linolenic acid. Therefore, changes in bacterial communities indirectly influenced the distribution of ARGs through alterations in metabolic products. These findings offer essential details about the mechanisms behind the spread and proliferation of ARGs in the phycosphere.},
}
@article {pmid38793967,
year = {2024},
author = {Tricomi, G and Giacobbe, M and Ficili, I and Peditto, N and Puliafito, A},
title = {Smart City as Cooperating Smart Areas: On the Way of Symbiotic Cyber-Physical Systems Environment.},
journal = {Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {24},
number = {10},
pages = {},
pmid = {38793967},
issn = {1424-8220},
support = {Prot. IR0000013 - Avviso n. 3264 del 28/12/2021//"SoBigData.it - Strengthening the Italian RI for Social Mining and Big Data Analytics"/ ; PO FESR Sicilia 2014/2020, Asse 4 - 581 Azione 4.6.3. CUP J90D20000010002 - CIG 92757406CB//"servizi di ricerca e sviluppo funzionali all'adozione 580 di sistemi di trasporto intelligenti per la citt&#xe0; di Caltanissetta"/ ; cod. ARS01_00254 - notice n. 2954 of 27/02/2020//"AGREED - Agriculture, Green &amp; Digital"/ ; },
abstract = {The arising of the Cyber-Physical Systems' vision and concepts drives technological evolution toward a new architectural design for the infrastructure of an environment referred to as a Smart Environment. This perspective alters the way systems within Smart City landscapes are conceived, designed, and ultimately realized. Modular architecture, resource-sharing techniques, and precise deployment approaches (such as microservices-oriented or reliant on the FaaS paradigm) serve as the cornerstones of a Smart City cognizant of multiple Cyber-Physical Systems composing it. This paper presents a framework integrating Digital Decisioning, encompassing the automated combination of human-derived knowledge and data-derived knowledge (e.g., business rules and machine learning), to enhance decision-making processes and application definition within the Smart City context.},
}
@article {pmid38792855,
year = {2024},
author = {Lin, Q and Lin, S and Fan, Z and Liu, J and Ye, D and Guo, P},
title = {A Review of the Mechanisms of Bacterial Colonization of the Mammal Gut.},
journal = {Microorganisms},
volume = {12},
number = {5},
pages = {},
pmid = {38792855},
issn = {2076-2607},
support = {32202723//National Nature Science Foundation of China/ ; 2022R1026009, 2023R1024006//Basic Research Project for Public Research Institutes of Fujian Province, China/ ; },
abstract = {A healthy animal intestine hosts a diverse population of bacteria in a symbiotic relationship. These bacteria utilize nutrients in the host's intestinal environment for growth and reproduction. In return, they assist the host in digesting and metabolizing nutrients, fortifying the intestinal barrier, defending against potential pathogens, and maintaining gut health. Bacterial colonization is a crucial aspect of this interaction between bacteria and the intestine and involves the attachment of bacteria to intestinal mucus or epithelial cells through nonspecific or specific interactions. This process primarily relies on adhesins. The binding of bacterial adhesins to host receptors is a prerequisite for the long-term colonization of bacteria and serves as the foundation for the pathogenicity of pathogenic bacteria. Intervening in the adhesion and colonization of bacteria in animal intestines may offer an effective approach to treating gastrointestinal diseases and preventing pathogenic infections. Therefore, this paper reviews the situation and mechanisms of bacterial colonization, the colonization characteristics of various bacteria, and the factors influencing bacterial colonization. The aim of this study was to serve as a reference for further research on bacteria-gut interactions and improving animal gut health.},
}
@article {pmid38792843,
year = {2024},
author = {Wong, CB and Huang, H and Ning, Y and Xiao, J},
title = {Probiotics in the New Era of Human Milk Oligosaccharides (HMOs): HMO Utilization and Beneficial Effects of Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis M-63 on Infant Health.},
journal = {Microorganisms},
volume = {12},
number = {5},
pages = {},
pmid = {38792843},
issn = {2076-2607},
abstract = {A healthy gut microbiome is crucial for the immune system and overall development of infants. Bifidobacterium has been known to be a predominant species in the infant gut; however, an emerging concern is the apparent loss of this genus, in particular, Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis (B. infantis) in the gut microbiome of infants in industrialized nations, underscoring the importance of restoring this beneficial bacterium. With the growing understanding of the gut microbiome, probiotics, especially infant-type human-residential bifidobacteria (HRB) strains like B. infantis, are gaining prominence for their unique ability to utilize HMOs and positively influence infant health. This article delves into the physiology of a probiotic strain, B. infantis M-63, its symbiotic relationship with HMOs, and its potential in improving gastrointestinal and allergic conditions in infants and children. Moreover, this article critically assesses the role of HMOs and the emerging trend of supplementing infant formulas with the prebiotic HMOs, which serve as fuel for beneficial gut bacteria, thereby emulating the protective effects of breastfeeding. The review highlights the potential of combining B. infantis M-63 with HMOs as a feasible strategy to improve health outcomes in infants and children, acknowledging the complexities and requirements for further research in this area.},
}
@article {pmid38792817,
year = {2024},
author = {Marcos, AT and Rus, MJ and Areal-Quecuty, V and Simon-Soro, A and Navarro-Pando, JM},
title = {Distinct Gastrointestinal and Reproductive Microbial Patterns in Female Holobiont of Infertility.},
journal = {Microorganisms},
volume = {12},
number = {5},
pages = {},
pmid = {38792817},
issn = {2076-2607},
support = {JMNP//INEBIR/ ; 2022/00000333//Program for Emerging Research by Universidad de Sevilla/ ; },
abstract = {The microbiota is in symbiosis with the human body as a holobiont. Infertility conditions affect the female reproductive tract (FRT) and its resident microbiota. However, a disturbance in homeostasis could influence the FRT and other distal body sites, such as the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). We included 21 patients with endometriosis and other infertility-associated diseases with clinical profiles and biological samples from the FRT (endometrium, endometrial fluid, and vagina), and GIT samples (oral and feces). We performed a 16S rRNA analysis of site-specific microbial communities and estimated diversity metrics. The study found body site-specific microbial patterns in the FRT-GIT. In both study groups, Lactobacillus was the most shared Amplicon Sequence Variant (ASV), a precise identifier of microbial sequences, between endometrial and vagina samples. However, shared Gardnerella and Enterobacteriaceae ASVs were linked to other conditions but not endometriosis. Remarkably, Haemophilus was a specific GIT-shared taxon in endometriosis cases. In conclusion, infertility influences distinctly the FRT and GIT microbiomes, with endometriosis showing unique microbial characteristics. We proposed the concept of 'female holobiont' as a community that comprises the host and microbes that must maintain overall homeostasis across all body sites to ensure a woman's health. Insights into these microbial patterns not only advance our understanding of the pathophysiology of infertility but also open new avenues for developing microbe-based therapeutic interventions aimed at restoring microbial balance, thereby enhancing fertility prospects.},
}
@article {pmid38792807,
year = {2024},
author = {Huang, R and Ji, X and Zhu, L and Zhang, C and Luo, T and Liang, B and Jiang, B and Zhou, A and Du, C and Sun, Y},
title = {Metagenomic and Antibiotic Resistance Analysis of the Gut Microbiota in Larus relictus and Anatidae Species Inhabiting the Honghaizi Wetland of Ordos, Inner Mongolia, from 2021 to 2023.},
journal = {Microorganisms},
volume = {12},
number = {5},
pages = {},
pmid = {38792807},
issn = {2076-2607},
support = {2023YFF1305401//National Key Research and Development Project of China/ ; [2023]58//Wildlife Epidemic Monitoring Project/ ; },
abstract = {Gut microbes thrive by utilising host energy and, in return, provide valuable benefits, akin to a symbiotic relationship. Here, metagenomic sequencing was performed to characterise and compare the community composition, diversity and antibiotic resistance of the gut microbiota of Relict gull (Larus relictus) and Anatidae species. Alpha diversity analysis revealed that the intestinal microbial richness of L. relictus was significantly lower than that of Anatidae, with distinct differences observed in microbial composition. Notably, the intestines of L. relictus harboured more pathogenic bacteria such as clostridium, which may contribute to the decline in their population and endangered status. A total of 117 strains of Escherichia coli were isolated, with 90.60% exhibiting full susceptibility to 21 antibiotics, while 25.3% exhibited significant biofilm formation. Comprehensive Antibiotic Resistance Database data indicated that glycopeptide resistance genes were the most prevalent type carried by migratory birds, alongside quinolone, tetracycline and lincosamide resistance genes. The abundance of resistance genes carried by migratory birds decreased over time. This metagenomic analysis provides valuable insights into the intestinal microbial composition of these wild bird species, offering important guidance for their conservation efforts, particularly for L. relictus, and contributing to our understanding of pathogen spread and antibiotic-resistant bacteria.},
}
@article {pmid38792786,
year = {2024},
author = {Wang, C and Shi, C and Huang, W and Zhang, M and He, J},
title = {The Impact of Aboveground Epichloë Endophytic Fungi on the Rhizosphere Microbial Functions of the Host Melica transsilvanica.},
journal = {Microorganisms},
volume = {12},
number = {5},
pages = {},
pmid = {38792786},
issn = {2076-2607},
support = {31760704//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 2022D01A79//Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Nature Foundation Project/ ; },
abstract = {In nature, the symbiotic relationship between plants and microorganisms is crucial for ecosystem balance and plant growth. This study investigates the impact of Epichloë endophytic fungi, which are exclusively present aboveground, on the rhizosphere microbial functions of the host Melica transsilvanica. Using metagenomic methods, we analyzed the differences in microbial functional groups and functional genes in the rhizosphere soil between symbiotic (EI) and non-symbiotic (EF) plants. The results reveal that the presence of Epichloë altered the community structure of carbon and nitrogen cycling-related microbial populations in the host's rhizosphere, significantly increasing the abundance of the genes (porA, porG, IDH1) involved in the rTCA cycle of the carbon fixation pathway, as well as the abundance of nxrAB genes related to nitrification in the nitrogen-cycling pathway. Furthermore, the presence of Epichloë reduces the enrichment of virulence factors in the host rhizosphere microbiome, while significantly increasing the accumulation of resistance genes against heavy metals such as Zn, Sb, and Pb. This study provides new insights into the interactions among endophytic fungi, host plants, and rhizosphere microorganisms, and offers potential applications for utilizing endophytic fungi resources to improve plant growth and soil health.},
}
@article {pmid38792717,
year = {2024},
author = {Yan, W and Wang, S and Liu, J and Zhai, D and Lu, H and Li, J and Bai, R and Lei, C and Song, L and Zhao, C and Yan, F},
title = {Managing Super Pests: Interplay between Pathogens and Symbionts Informs Biocontrol of Whiteflies.},
journal = {Microorganisms},
volume = {12},
number = {5},
pages = {},
pmid = {38792717},
issn = {2076-2607},
support = {232102110037//Science and technology project of Henan Province/ ; },
abstract = {Bemisia tabaci is distributed globally and incurs considerable economic and ecological costs as an agricultural pest and viral vector. The entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae has been known for its insecticidal activity, but its impacts on whiteflies are understudied. We investigated how infection with the semi-persistently transmitted Cucurbit chlorotic yellows virus (CCYV) affects whitefly susceptibility to M. anisopliae exposure. We discovered that viruliferous whiteflies exhibited increased mortality when fungus infection was present compared to non-viruliferous insects. High throughput 16S rRNA sequencing also revealed significant alterations of the whitefly bacterial microbiome diversity and structure due to both CCYV and fungal presence. Specifically, the obligate symbiont Portiera decreased in relative abundance in viruliferous whiteflies exposed to M. anisopliae. Facultative Hamiltonella and Rickettsia symbionts exhibited variability across groups but dominated in fungus-treated non-viruliferous whiteflies. Our results illuminate triangular interplay between pest insects, their pathogens, and symbionts-dynamics which can inform integrated management strategies leveraging biopesticides This work underscores the promise of M. anisopliae for sustainable whitefly control while laying the groundwork for elucidating mechanisms behind microbe-mediated shifts in vector competence.},
}
@article {pmid38792688,
year = {2024},
author = {Schaub, GA},
title = {Interaction of Trypanosoma cruzi, Triatomines and the Microbiota of the Vectors-A Review.},
journal = {Microorganisms},
volume = {12},
number = {5},
pages = {},
pmid = {38792688},
issn = {2076-2607},
abstract = {This review summarizes the interactions between Trypanosoma cruzi, the etiologic agent of Chagas disease, its vectors, triatomines, and the diverse intestinal microbiota of triatomines, which includes mutualistic symbionts, and highlights open questions. T. cruzi strains show great biological heterogeneity in their development and their interactions. Triatomines differ from other important vectors of diseases in their ontogeny and the enzymes used to digest blood. Many different bacteria colonize the intestinal tract of triatomines, but only Actinomycetales have been identified as mutualistic symbionts. Effects of the vector on T. cruzi are indicated by differences in the ability of T. cruzi to establish in the triatomines and in colonization peculiarities, i.e., proliferation mainly in the posterior midgut and rectum and preferential transformation into infectious metacyclic trypomastigotes in the rectum. In addition, certain forms of T. cruzi develop after feeding and during starvation of triatomines. Negative effects of T. cruzi on the triatomine vectors appear to be particularly evident when the triatomines are stressed and depend on the T. cruzi strain. Effects on the intestinal immunity of the triatomines are induced by ingested blood-stage trypomastigotes of T. cruzi and affect the populations of many non-symbiotic intestinal bacteria, but not all and not the mutualistic symbionts. After the knockdown of antimicrobial peptides, the number of non-symbiotic bacteria increases and the number of T. cruzi decreases. Presumably, in long-term infections, intestinal immunity is suppressed, which supports the growth of specific bacteria, depending on the strain of T. cruzi. These interactions may provide an approach to disrupt T. cruzi transmission.},
}
@article {pmid38792204,
year = {2024},
author = {Zhou, X and Zhang, B and Meng, Q and Li, L},
title = {Effects of Graphene Oxide on Endophytic Bacteria Population Characteristics in Plants from Soils Contaminated by Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons.},
journal = {Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {29},
number = {10},
pages = {},
pmid = {38792204},
issn = {1420-3049},
support = {2023AAC03364//Natural Science Foundation of NingXia, China/ ; },
mesh = {*Graphite/chemistry ; *Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons/metabolism ; *Soil Pollutants/metabolism ; *Biodegradation, Environmental ; *Soil Microbiology ; *Bacteria/drug effects/metabolism ; Endophytes/metabolism ; Plant Roots/microbiology ; Sphingomonas/metabolism ; Plants/microbiology/metabolism ; Mycobacterium/drug effects/metabolism ; Flavobacterium/drug effects/metabolism ; Streptomyces/metabolism ; Microbacterium/metabolism ; },
abstract = {Environmental pollution stands as one of the significant global challenges we face today. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), a class of stubborn organic pollutants, have long been a focal point of bioremediation research. This study aims to explore the impact and mechanisms of graphene oxide (GO) on the phytoremediation effectiveness of PAHs. The results underscore the significant efficacy of GO in accelerating the degradation of PAHs. Additionally, the introduction of GO altered the diversity and community structure of endophytic bacteria within the roots, particularly those genera with potential for PAH degradation. Through LEfSe analysis and correlation studies, we identified specific symbiotic bacteria, such as Mycobacterium, Microbacterium, Flavobacterium, Sphingomonas, Devosia, Bacillus, and Streptomyces, which coexist and interact under the influence of GO, synergistically degrading PAHs. These bacteria may serve as key biological markers in the PAH degradation process. These findings provide new theoretical and practical foundations for the application of nanomaterials in plant-based remediation of polluted soils and showcase the immense potential of plant-microbe interactions in environmental restoration.},
}
@article {pmid38791337,
year = {2024},
author = {Joh, K and Ueda, H and Katayama, K and Kitamura, H and Watanabe, K and Hotta, O},
title = {Histological Correlation between Tonsillar and Glomerular Lesions in Patients with IgA Nephropathy Justifying Tonsillectomy: A Retrospective Cohort Study.},
journal = {International journal of molecular sciences},
volume = {25},
number = {10},
pages = {},
pmid = {38791337},
issn = {1422-0067},
mesh = {Humans ; *Glomerulonephritis, IGA/pathology/surgery ; *Tonsillectomy ; *Palatine Tonsil/surgery/pathology ; Female ; Male ; Adult ; *Kidney Glomerulus/pathology ; Retrospective Studies ; Middle Aged ; Tonsillitis/surgery/pathology ; Young Adult ; Immunoglobulin A ; },
abstract = {Tonsillectomy with steroid pulse therapy (SPT) has been established as an effective treatment for immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) in Japan. However, the underlying mechanisms supporting tonsillectomy remain unclear. This study assessed palatine tonsils from 77 patients with IgAN, including 14 and 63 who received SPT before and after tonsillectomy, respectively. Tonsils from 21 patients with chronic tonsillitis were analyzed as controls. Specific tonsillar lesions were confirmed in patients with IgAN, correlating with active or chronic renal glomerular lesions and SPT. T-nodule and involution of lymphoepithelial symbiosis scores in tonsils correlated with the incidence of active crescents and segmental sclerosis in the glomeruli, respectively. The study revealed an essential role of the tonsil-glomerular axis in early active and late chronic phases. Moreover, the SPT-preceding group demonstrated no changes in the T-nodule score, which correlated with active crescent formation, but exhibited a considerable shrinkage of lymphatic follicles that produced aberrant IgA1. The study underscores the involvement of innate and cellular immunity in IgAN and advocates for tonsillectomy as a necessary treatment alongside SPT for IgAN, based on a stepwise process.},
}
@article {pmid38791210,
year = {2024},
author = {Castañeda-Casasola, CC and Nieto-Jacobo, MF and Soares, A and Padilla-Padilla, EA and Anducho-Reyes, MA and Brown, C and Soth, S and Esquivel-Naranjo, EU and Hampton, J and Mendoza-Mendoza, A},
title = {Unveiling a Microexon Switch: Novel Regulation of the Activities of Sugar Assimilation and Plant-Cell-Wall-Degrading Xylanases and Cellulases by Xlr2 in Trichoderma virens.},
journal = {International journal of molecular sciences},
volume = {25},
number = {10},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/ijms25105172},
pmid = {38791210},
issn = {1422-0067},
support = {423464//Consejo Nacional de Humanidades, Ciencias y Tecnolog&#xed;as/ ; LINX2201//Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment/ ; Bio-Protection Research Centre//Tertiary Education Commission/ ; },
mesh = {*Fungal Proteins/metabolism/genetics ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal ; *Trichoderma/genetics/metabolism/enzymology ; *Cellulases/metabolism/genetics ; Endo-1,4-beta Xylanases/metabolism/genetics ; Cell Wall/metabolism ; Sugars/metabolism ; },
abstract = {Functional microexons have not previously been described in filamentous fungi. Here, we describe a novel mechanism of transcriptional regulation in Trichoderma requiring the inclusion of a microexon from the Xlr2 gene. In low-glucose environments, a long mRNA including the microexon encodes a protein with a GAL4-like DNA-binding domain (Xlr2-α), whereas in high-glucose environments, a short mRNA that is produced encodes a protein lacking this DNA-binding domain (Xlr2-β). Interestingly, the protein isoforms differ in their impact on cellulase and xylanase activity. Deleting the Xlr2 gene reduced both xylanase and cellulase activity and growth on different carbon sources, such as carboxymethylcellulose, xylan, glucose, and arabinose. The overexpression of either Xlr2-α or Xlr2-β in T. virens showed that the short isoform (Xlr2-β) caused higher xylanase activity than the wild types or the long isoform (Xlr2-α). Conversely, cellulase activity did not increase when overexpressing Xlr2-β but was increased with the overexpression of Xlr2-α. This is the first report of a novel transcriptional regulation mechanism of plant-cell-wall-degrading enzyme activity in T. virens. This involves the differential expression of a microexon from a gene encoding a transcriptional regulator.},
}
@article {pmid38790218,
year = {2024},
author = {Chen, X and Bai, Y and Lin, Y and Liu, H and Han, F and Chang, H and Li, M and Liu, Q},
title = {Genome-Wide Identification and Characterization of the PHT1 Gene Family and Its Response to Mycorrhizal Symbiosis in Salvia miltiorrhiza under Phosphate Stress.},
journal = {Genes},
volume = {15},
number = {5},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/genes15050589},
pmid = {38790218},
issn = {2073-4425},
support = {ZR2021QH202//Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province/ ; ZR2023MH338//Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province/ ; KJTP202308//Scientific and Technological Innovation Breakthrough Project of Heze Yellow River Basin Ecological Protection and High-quality Development/ ; CARS-21//National Modern Agricultural Industry Technology System/ ; 2021Q074//the Traditional Chinese Medicine Science and Technology Project of Shandong Province/ ; },
mesh = {*Mycorrhizae/genetics ; *Phosphate Transport Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; *Plant Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; *Salvia miltiorrhiza/genetics/microbiology ; *Symbiosis/genetics ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; *Phylogeny ; *Stress, Physiological/genetics ; *Phosphates/metabolism ; Multigene Family ; Plant Roots/microbiology/genetics/growth &amp; development ; Genome, Plant ; },
abstract = {Phosphorus (P) is a vital nutrient element that is essential for plant growth and development, and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can significantly enhance P absorption. The phosphate transporter protein 1 (PHT1) family mediates the uptake of P in plants. However, the PHT1 gene has not yet been characterized in Salvia miltiorrhiza. In this study, to gain insight into the functional divergence of PHT1 genes, nine SmPHT1 genes were identified in the S. miltiorrhiza genome database via bioinformatics tools. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the PHT1 proteins of S. miltiorrhiza, Arabidopsis thaliana, and Oryza sativa could be divided into three groups. PHT1 in the same clade has a similar gene structure and motif, suggesting that the features of each clade are relatively conserved. Further tissue expression analysis revealed that SmPHT1 was expressed mainly in the roots and stems. In addition, phenotypic changes, P content, and PHT1 gene expression were analyzed in S. miltiorrhiza plants inoculated with AMF under different P conditions (0 mM, 0.1 mM, and 10 mM). P stress and AMF significantly affected the growth and P accumulation of S. miltiorrhiza. SmPHT1;6 was strongly expressed in the roots colonized by AMF, implying that SmPHT1;6 was a specific AMF-inducible PHT1. Taken together, these results provide new insights into the functional divergence and genetic redundancy of the PHT1 genes in response to P stress and AMF symbiosis in S. miltiorrhiza.},
}
@article {pmid38790063,
year = {2024},
author = {Zhang, B and Xiao, L and Lyu, L and Zhao, F and Miao, M},
title = {Exploring the landscape of symbiotic diversity and distribution in unicellular ciliated protists.},
journal = {Microbiome},
volume = {12},
number = {1},
pages = {96},
pmid = {38790063},
issn = {2049-2618},
mesh = {*Symbiosis ; *Ciliophora/genetics/classification/physiology ; *Bacteria/genetics/classification ; Archaea/genetics/classification ; Phylogeny ; Metagenome ; Biodiversity ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The eukaryotic-bacterial symbiotic system plays an important role in various physiological, developmental, and evolutionary processes. However, our current understanding is largely limited to multicellular eukaryotes without adequate consideration of diverse unicellular protists, including ciliates.<br><br>RESULTS: To investigate the bacterial profiles associated with unicellular organisms, we collected 246 ciliate samples spanning the entire Ciliophora phylum and conducted single-cell based metagenome sequencing. This effort has yielded the most extensive collection of bacteria linked to unicellular protists to date. From this dataset, we identified 883 bacterial species capable of cohabiting with ciliates, unveiling the genomes of 116 novel bacterial cohabitants along with 7 novel archaeal cohabitants. Highlighting the intimate relationship between ciliates and their cohabitants, our study unveiled that over 90% of ciliates coexist with bacteria, with individual hosts fostering symbiotic relationships with multiple bacteria concurrently, resulting in the observation of seven distinct symbiotic patterns among bacteria. Our exploration of symbiotic mechanisms revealed the impact of host digestion on the intracellular diversity of cohabitants. Additionally, we identified the presence of eukaryotic-like proteins in bacteria as a potential contributing factor to their resistance against host digestion, thereby expanding their potential host range.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: As the first large-scale analysis of prokaryotic associations with ciliate protists, this study provides a valuable resource for future research on eukaryotic-bacterial symbioses. Video Abstract.},
}
@article {pmid38789482,
year = {2024},
author = {Puginier, C and Libourel, C and Otte, J and Skaloud, P and Haon, M and Grisel, S and Petersen, M and Berrin, JG and Delaux, PM and Dal Grande, F and Keller, J},
title = {Phylogenomics reveals the evolutionary origins of lichenization in chlorophyte algae.},
journal = {Nature communications},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {4452},
pmid = {38789482},
issn = {2041-1723},
mesh = {*Lichens/genetics/microbiology ; *Phylogeny ; *Symbiosis/genetics ; *Chlorophyta/genetics ; Gene Transfer, Horizontal ; Evolution, Molecular ; Biological Evolution ; Transcriptome ; Glycoside Hydrolases/genetics/metabolism ; Genomics ; },
abstract = {Mutualistic symbioses have contributed to major transitions in the evolution of life. Here, we investigate the evolutionary history and the molecular innovations at the origin of lichens, which are a symbiosis established between fungi and green algae or cyanobacteria. We de novo sequence the genomes or transcriptomes of 12 lichen algal symbiont (LAS) and closely related non-symbiotic algae (NSA) to improve the genomic coverage of Chlorophyte algae. We then perform ancestral state reconstruction and comparative phylogenomics. We identify at least three independent gains of the ability to engage in the lichen symbiosis, one in Trebouxiophyceae and two in Ulvophyceae, confirming the convergent evolution of the lichen symbioses. A carbohydrate-active enzyme from the glycoside hydrolase 8 (GH8) family was identified as a top candidate for the molecular-mechanism underlying lichen symbiosis in Trebouxiophyceae. This GH8 was acquired in lichenizing Trebouxiophyceae by horizontal gene transfer, concomitantly with the ability to associate with lichens fungal symbionts (LFS) and is able to degrade polysaccharides found in the cell wall of LFS. These findings indicate that a combination of gene family expansion and horizontal gene transfer provided the basis for lichenization to evolve in chlorophyte algae.},
}
@article {pmid38788416,
year = {2024},
author = {Han, S and Cheng, X and Wang, T and Li, X and Cai, Z and Zheng, H and Xiao, B and Zhou, J},
title = {AI-2 quorum sensing signal disrupts coral symbiotic homeostasis and induces host bleaching.},
journal = {Environment international},
volume = {188},
number = {},
pages = {108768},
doi = {10.1016/j.envint.2024.108768},
pmid = {38788416},
issn = {1873-6750},
abstract = {Symbiotic microorganisms play critical ecophysiological roles that facilitate the maintenance of coral health. Currently, information on the gene and protein pathways contributing to bleaching responses is lacking, including the role of autoinducers. Although the autoinducer AI-1 is well understood, information on AI-2 is insufficient. Here, we observed a 3.7-4.0 times higher abundance of the AI-2 synthesis gene luxS in bleached individuals relative to their healthy counterparts among reef-building coral samples from the natural environment. Laboratory tests further revealed that AI-2 contributed significantly to an increase in coral bleaching, altered the ratio of potential probiotic and pathogenic bacteria, and suppressed the antiviral activity of specific pathogenic bacteria while enhancing their functional potential, such as energy metabolism, chemotaxis, biofilm formation and virulence release. Structural equation modeling indicated that AI-2 influences the microbial composition, network structure, and pathogenic features, which collectively contribute to the coral bleaching status. Collectively, our results offer novel potential strategies for coral conservation based on a signal manipulation approach.},
}
@article {pmid38788173,
year = {2024},
author = {Nguyen, CB and Vaishampayan, UN},
title = {Clinical Applications of the Gut Microbiome in Genitourinary Cancers.},
journal = {American Society of Clinical Oncology educational book. American Society of Clinical Oncology. Annual Meeting},
volume = {44},
number = {3},
pages = {e100041},
doi = {10.1200/EDBK_100041},
pmid = {38788173},
issn = {1548-8756},
mesh = {Humans ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; *Urogenital Neoplasms/microbiology ; Immunotherapy/methods ; Probiotics/therapeutic use ; },
abstract = {Recently recognized as one of the hallmarks of cancer, the microbiome consists of symbiotic microorganisms that play pivotal roles in carcinogenesis, the tumor microenvironment, and responses to therapy. With recent advances in microbiome metagenomic sequencing, a growing body of work has demonstrated that changes in gut microbiome composition are associated with differential responses to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) because of alterations in cytokine signaling and cytotoxic T-cell recruitment. Therefore, strategies to shape the gut microbiome into a more favorable, immunogenic profile may lead to improved responses with ICIs. Immunotherapy is commonly used in genitourinary (GU) cancers such as renal cell carcinoma, urothelial cancer, and to a limited extent, prostate cancer. However, a subset of patients do not derive clinical benefit with ICIs. Gut microbiome-based interventions are of particular interest given the potential to boost responses to ICIs in preclinical and early-phase prospective studies. Novel approaches using probiotic therapy (live bacterial supplementation) and fecal microbiota transplantation in patients with GU cancers are currently under investigation.},
}
@article {pmid38786925,
year = {2024},
author = {Sattayawat, P and Inwongwan, S and Noirungsee, N and Li, J and Guo, J and Disayathanoowat, T},
title = {Engineering Gut Symbionts: A Way to Promote Bee Growth?.},
journal = {Insects},
volume = {15},
number = {5},
pages = {},
pmid = {38786925},
issn = {2075-4450},
support = {2022//Mekong-Lancang Cooperation Special Fund/ ; },
abstract = {Bees play a crucial role as pollinators, contributing significantly to ecosystems. However, the honeybee population faces challenges such as global warming, pesticide use, and pathogenic microorganisms. Promoting bee growth using several approaches is therefore crucial for maintaining their roles. To this end, the bacterial microbiota is well-known for its native role in supporting bee growth in several respects. Maximizing the capabilities of these microorganisms holds the theoretical potential to promote the growth of bees. Recent advancements have made it feasible to achieve this enhancement through the application of genetic engineering. In this review, we present the roles of gut symbionts in promoting bee growth and collectively summarize the engineering approaches that would be needed for future applications. Particularly, as the engineering of bee gut symbionts has not been advanced, the dominant gut symbiotic bacteria Snodgrassella alvi and Gilliamella apicola are the main focus of the paper, along with other dominant species. Moreover, we propose engineering strategies that will allow for the improvement in bee growth with listed gene targets for modification to further encourage the use of engineered gut symbionts to promote bee growth.},
}
@article {pmid38786587,
year = {2024},
author = {Wang, Y and Zhou, L and Pan, X and Liao, Z and Qi, N and Sun, M and Zhang, H and Ju, J and Ma, J},
title = {Metabolic Blockade-Based Genome Mining of Sea Anemone-Associated Streptomyces sp. S1502 Identifies Atypical Angucyclines WS-5995 A-E: Isolation, Identification, Biosynthetic Investigation, and Bioactivities.},
journal = {Marine drugs},
volume = {22},
number = {5},
pages = {},
pmid = {38786587},
issn = {1660-3397},
mesh = {*Streptomyces/genetics/metabolism ; Animals ; *Sea Anemones ; *Multigene Family ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology ; Biosynthetic Pathways/genetics ; Genome, Bacterial ; Biological Products/pharmacology ; Anthraquinones/pharmacology ; Angucyclines and Angucyclinones ; },
abstract = {Marine symbiotic and epiphyte microorganisms are sources of bioactive or structurally novel natural products. Metabolic blockade-based genome mining has been proven to be an effective strategy to accelerate the discovery of natural products from both terrestrial and marine microorganisms. Here, the metabolic blockade-based genome mining strategy was applied to the discovery of other metabolites in a sea anemone-associated Streptomyces sp. S1502. We constructed a mutant Streptomyces sp. S1502/Δstp1 that switched to producing the atypical angucyclines WS-5995 A-E, among which WS-5995 E is a new compound. A biosynthetic gene cluster (wsm) of the angucyclines was identified through gene knock-out and heterologous expression studies. The biosynthetic pathways of WS-5995 A-E were proposed, the roles of some tailoring and regulatory genes were investigated, and the biological activities of WS-5995 A-E were evaluated. WS-5995 A has significant anti-Eimeria tenell activity with an IC50 value of 2.21 μM. The production of antibacterial streptopyrroles and anticoccidial WS-5995 A-E may play a protective role in the mutual relationship between Streptomyces sp. S1502 and its host.},
}
@article {pmid38785822,
year = {2024},
author = {Vukelić, I and Radić, D and Pećinar, I and Lević, S and Djikanović, D and Radotić, K and Panković, D},
title = {Spectroscopic Investigation of Tomato Seed Germination Stimulated by Trichoderma spp.},
journal = {Biology},
volume = {13},
number = {5},
pages = {},
pmid = {38785822},
issn = {2079-7737},
support = {142-451-3172/2022-01/01//the Provincial Secretary for Higher Education and Scientific Research, Autonomus Province of Vojvodina project/ ; 451-03-47/2023-01/200053//Ministry of Science, Technological Development and Innovation of the Republic of Serbia/ ; 101079267//European Union's Horizon Europe Project - GREENLand/ ; },
abstract = {Seed germination is a complex process that can be negatively affected by numerous stresses. Trichoderma spp. are known as effective biocontrol agents as well as plant growth and germination stimulators. However, understanding of the early interactions between seeds and Trichoderma spp. remains limited. In the present paper, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopy were used to reveal the nature of tomato seed germination as stimulated by Trichoderma. A rapid response of tomato seeds to Trichoderma spp. was observed within 48 h on Murashige and Skoog medium (MS) substrate, preceding any physical contact. Raman analysis indicated that both Trichoderma species stimulated phenolic compound synthesis by triggering plant-specific responses in seed radicles. The impact of T. harzianum and T. brevicompactum on two tomato cultivars resulted in alterations to the middle lamella pectin, cellulose, and xyloglucan in the primary cell wall. The Raman spectra indicated increased xylan content in NA with T9 treatment as well as increased hemicelluloses in GZ with T4 treatment. Moreover, T4 treatment resulted in elevated conjugated aldehydes in lignin in GZ, whereas the trend was reversed in NA. Additionally, FTIR analysis revealed significant changes in total protein levels in Trichoderma spp.-treated tomato seed radicles, with simultaneous decreases in pectin and/or xyloglucan. Our results indicate that two complementary spectroscopic methods, FTIR and Raman spectroscopy, can give valuable information on rapid changes in the plant cell wall structure of tomato radicles during germination stimulated by Trichoderma spp.},
}
@article {pmid38784799,
year = {2024},
author = {Cheng, K and Liu, Y and Tang, M and Zhang, H},
title = {Suillusgrevillei and Suillus luteus promote lead tolerance of Pinus tabulaeformis and biomineralize lead to pyromorphite.},
journal = {Frontiers in microbiology},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1296512},
pmid = {38784799},
issn = {1664-302X},
abstract = {Lead (Pb) is a hazardous heavy metal that accumulates in many environments. Phytoremediation of Pb polluted soil is an environmentally friendly method, and a better understanding of mycorrhizal symbiosis under Pb stress can promote its efficiency and application. This study aims to evaluate the impact of two ectomycorrhizal fungi (Suillus grevillei and Suillus luteus) on the performance of Pinus tabulaeformis under Pb stress, and the biomineralization of metallic Pb in vitro. A pot experiment using substrate with 0 and 1,000 mg/kg Pb[2+] was conducted to evaluate the growth, photosynthetic pigments, oxidative damage, and Pb accumulation of P. tabulaeformis with or without ectomycorrhizal fungi. In vitro co-cultivation of ectomycorrhizal fungi and Pb shots was used to evaluate Pb biomineralization. The results showed that colonization by the two ectomycorrhizal fungi promoted plant growth, increased the content of photosynthetic pigments, reduced oxidative damage, and caused massive accumulation of Pb in plant roots. The structural characteristics of the Pb secondary minerals formed in the presence of fungi demonstrated significant differences from the minerals formed in the control plates and these minerals were identified as pyromorphite (Pb5(PO4)3Cl). Ectomycorrhizal fungi promoted the performance of P. tabulaeformis under Pb stress and suggested a potential role of mycorrhizal symbiosis in Pb phytoremediation. This observation also represents the first discovery of such Pb biomineralization induced by ectomycorrhizal fungi. Ectomycorrhizal fungi induced Pb biomineralization is also relevant to the phytostabilization and new approaches in the bioremediation of polluted environments.},
}
@article {pmid38784393,
year = {2024},
author = {Scott, TJ and Stephenson, CJ and Rao, S and Queller, DC and Strassmann, JE},
title = {Unpredictable soil conditions can affect the prevalence of a microbial symbiosis.},
journal = {PeerJ},
volume = {12},
number = {},
pages = {e17445},
pmid = {38784393},
issn = {2167-8359},
mesh = {*Symbiosis ; *Soil Microbiology ; *Dictyostelium/microbiology ; Burkholderiaceae/isolation &amp; purification ; Soil/chemistry ; United States/epidemiology ; Chlamydia/isolation &amp; purification ; },
abstract = {The evolution of symbiotic interactions may be affected by unpredictable conditions. However, a link between prevalence of these conditions and symbiosis has not been widely demonstrated. We test for these associations using Dictyostelium discoideum social amoebae and their bacterial endosymbionts. D. discoideum commonly hosts endosymbiotic bacteria from three taxa: Paraburkholderia, Amoebophilus and Chlamydiae. Three species of facultative Paraburkholderia endosymbionts are the best studied and give hosts the ability to carry prey bacteria through the dispersal stage to new environments. Amoebophilus and Chlamydiae are obligate endosymbiont lineages with no measurable impact on host fitness. We tested whether the frequency of both single infections and coinfections of these symbionts were associated with the unpredictability of their soil environments by using symbiont presence-absence data from D. discoideum isolates from 21 locations across the eastern United States. We found that symbiosis across all infection types, symbiosis with Amoebophilus and Chlamydiae obligate endosymbionts, and symbiosis involving coinfections were not associated with any of our measures. However, unpredictable precipitation was associated with symbiosis in two species of Paraburkholderia, suggesting a link between unpredictable conditions and symbiosis.},
}
@article {pmid38783567,
year = {2024},
author = {Fowler, JC and Ziegler, S and Whitney, KD and Rudgers, JA and Miller, TEX},
title = {Microbial symbionts buffer hosts from the demographic costs of environmental stochasticity.},
journal = {Ecology letters},
volume = {27},
number = {5},
pages = {e14438},
doi = {10.1111/ele.14438},
pmid = {38783567},
issn = {1461-0248},
support = {1754468//Division of Environmental Biology/ ; 2208857//Division of Environmental Biology/ ; },
mesh = {*Symbiosis ; *Stochastic Processes ; *Epichloe/physiology ; Poaceae/microbiology/physiology ; Endophytes/physiology ; Models, Biological ; Microbiota ; },
abstract = {Species' persistence in increasingly variable climates will depend on resilience against the fitness costs of environmental stochasticity. Most organisms host microbiota that shield against stressors. Here, we test the hypothesis that, by limiting exposure to temporally variable stressors, microbial symbionts reduce hosts' demographic variance. We parameterized stochastic population models using data from a 14-year symbiont-removal experiment including seven grass species that host Epichloë fungal endophytes. Results provide novel evidence that symbiotic benefits arise not only through improved mean fitness, but also through dampened inter-annual variance. Hosts with "fast" life-history traits benefited most from symbiont-mediated demographic buffering. Under current climate conditions, contributions of demographic buffering were modest compared to benefits to mean fitness. However, simulations of increased stochasticity amplified benefits of demographic buffering and made it the more important pathway of host-symbiont mutualism. Microbial-mediated variance buffering is likely an important, yet cryptic, mechanism of resilience in an increasingly variable world.},
}
@article {pmid38783519,
year = {2024},
author = {Wang, M and Xiang, L and Tang, W and Chen, X and Li, C and Yin, C and Mao, Z},
title = {Apple-arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis confers resistance to Fusarium solani by inducing defense response and elevating nitrogen absorption.},
journal = {Physiologia plantarum},
volume = {176},
number = {3},
pages = {e14355},
doi = {10.1111/ppl.14355},
pmid = {38783519},
issn = {1399-3054},
support = {2022TSGS001-5-2//Vegetation restoration and reconstruction afer Bursaphelenchus xylophilus disaster in Mount Tai/ ; ZR2023QC164//Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province/ ; CARS-27//China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA/ ; 2022TSGS001-5-2//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; ts20190923//Taishan Scholar Funded Project/ ; },
mesh = {*Fusarium/physiology/pathogenicity ; *Symbiosis ; *Mycorrhizae/physiology ; *Nitrogen/metabolism ; *Malus/microbiology/genetics/metabolism/physiology/immunology ; *Plant Diseases/microbiology/immunology ; Disease Resistance/genetics ; Antioxidants/metabolism ; Plant Roots/microbiology/genetics/physiology/metabolism ; Photosynthesis ; Seedlings/microbiology/physiology/genetics ; },
abstract = {Fusarium solani exerts detrimental effects on plant growth, which is one of the reasons for the incidence of apple replant disease. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) enhance plant resistance to Fusarium wilt; however, the mechanism remains poorly understood. Therefore, the present study investigated the symbiosis between apple and AMF and explored the physiology, especially nitrate metabolism, antioxidant defense, and photosynthetic performance, when infected by F. solani. The experiment was carried out with four treatments, namely -AMF - F. solani, -AMF + F. solani, -AMF + F. solani, and + AMF + F. solani. In this study, the -AMF + F. solani treatment increased the activity of enzymes associated with nitrogen metabolism, such as the nitrate and nitrite reductases, in the apple root system. The +AMF + F. solani treatment showed higher antioxidant enzyme activities than the -AMF + F. solani by F. solani infection. The apple seedlings of the +AMF + F. solani treatment decreased reactive oxygen accumulation and reduced the oxidative damages triggered by F. solani infection. The improvement in antioxidant capacity due to the +AMF + F. solani treatment was closely associated with the upregulation of genes related to the antioxidant system. The F. solani infection greatly damaged the photosynthetic process, while the +AMF + F. solani treatment significantly improved it compared to the -AMF + F. solani treatment. In conclusion, the study demonstrated that the apple-AMF symbiosis plays an active role in regulating the resistance against F. solani infection by enhancing defense response and nitrogen metabolism.},
}
@article {pmid38782936,
year = {2024},
author = {Han, CJ and Cheng, CH and Yeh, TF and Pauchet, Y and Shelomi, M},
title = {Author Correction: Coconut rhinoceros beetle digestive symbiosis with potential plant cell wall degrading microbes.},
journal = {NPJ biofilms and microbiomes},
volume = {10},
number = {1},
pages = {45},
doi = {10.1038/s41522-024-00519-3},
pmid = {38782936},
issn = {2055-5008},
}
@article {pmid38782716,
year = {2024},
author = {Changsut, IV and Borbee, EM and Womack, HR and Shickle, A and Sharp, KH and Fuess, LE},
title = {Photosymbiont Density Is Correlated with Constitutive And Induced Immunity in The Facultatively Symbiotic Coral, Astrangia Poculata.},
journal = {Integrative and comparative biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/icb/icae036},
pmid = {38782716},
issn = {1557-7023},
abstract = {Scleractinian corals, essential ecosystem engineers that form the base of coral reef ecosystems, have faced unprecedented mortality in recent decades due to climate-change related stressors, including disease outbreaks. Despite this emergent threat to corals, many questions still remain regarding mechanisms underlying observed variation in disease susceptibility. Recent data suggests at least some degree of variation in disease response may be linked to variability in the relationship between host corals and their algal photosymbionts (Family Symbiodiniaceae). Still, the nuances of connections between symbiosis and immunity in cnidarians, including scleractinian corals, remain poorly understood. Here we leveraged an emergent model species, the facultatively symbiotic, temperate, scleractinian coral Astrangia poculata, to investigate associations between symbiont density and both constitutive and induced immunity. We used a combination of controlled immune challenges with heat-inactivated pathogens and transcriptomic analyses. Our results demonstrate that A. poculata mounts a robust initial response to pathogenic stimuli that is highly similar to responses documented in tropical corals. We document positive associations between symbiont density and both constitutive and induced immune responses, in agreement with recent preliminary studies in A. poculata. A suite of immune genes, including those coding for antioxidant peroxiredoxin biosynthesis, are positively associated with symbiont density in A. poculata under constitutive conditions. Furthermore, variation in symbiont density is associated with distinct patterns of immune response; low symbiont density corals induce preventative immune mechanisms whereas high symbiont density corals mobilize energetic resources to fuel humoral immune responses. In summary, our study reveals the need for more nuanced study of symbiosis-immune interplay across diverse scleractinian corals, preferably including quantitative energy budget analysis for full disentanglement of these complex associations and their effects on pathogen susceptibility.},
}
@article {pmid38781787,
year = {2024},
author = {Tripathi, A and Pandey, VK and Jha, AK and Srivastava, S and Jakhar, S and Vijay, and Singh, G and Rustagi, S and Malik, S and Choudhary, P},
title = {Intricacies of plants' innate immune responses and their dynamic relationship with fungi: A review.},
journal = {Microbiological research},
volume = {285},
number = {},
pages = {127758},
doi = {10.1016/j.micres.2024.127758},
pmid = {38781787},
issn = {1618-0623},
abstract = {The role of the plant innate immune system in the defense and symbiosis processes becomes integral in a complex network of interactions between plants and fungi. An understanding of the molecular characterization of the plant innate immune system is crucial because it constitutes plants' self-defense shield against harmful fungi, while creating mutualistic relationships with beneficial fungi. Due to the plant-induced awareness and their complexity of interaction with fungi, sufficient assessment of the participation of the plant innate immune system in ecological balance, agriculture, and maintenance of an infinite ecosystem is mandatory. Given the current global challenge, such as the surge of plant-infectious diseases, and pursuit of sustainable forms of agriculture; it is imperative to understand the molecular language of communication between plants and fungi. That knowledge can be practically used in diverse areas, e.g., in agriculture, new tactics may be sought after to try new methods that boost crop receptiveness against fungal pathogens and reduce the dependence on chemical management. Also, it could boost sustainable agricultural practices via enhancing mycorrhizal interactions that promote nutrient absorption and optimum cropping with limited exposure of environmental contamination. Moreover, this review offers insights that go beyond agriculture and can be manipulated to boost plant conservation, environmental restoration, and quality understanding of host-pathogen interactions. Consequently, this specific review paper has offered a comprehensive view of the complex plant innate immune-based responses with fungi and the mechanisms in which they interact.},
}
@article {pmid38780241,
year = {2024},
author = {Chen, P and Huang, P and Yu, H and Yu, H and Xie, W and Wang, Y and Zhou, Y and Chen, L and Zhang, M and Yao, R},
title = {Strigolactones shape the assembly of root-associated microbiota in response to phosphorus availability.},
journal = {mSystems},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e0112423},
doi = {10.1128/msystems.01124-23},
pmid = {38780241},
issn = {2379-5077},
abstract = {Plants rely on strigolactones (SLs) to regulate their development and form symbiotic relationships with microbes as part of the adaptive phosphorus (P) efficiency strategies. However, the impact of SLs on root-associated microbial communities in response to P availability remains unknown. Here, root microbiota of SL biosynthesis (max3-11) and perception (d14-1) were compared to wild-type Col-0 plants under different P concentrations. Using high-throughput sequencing, the relationship between SLs, P concentrations, and the root-associated microbiota was investigated to reveal the variation in microbial diversity, composition, and interaction. Plant genotypes and P availability played important but different roles in shaping the root-associated microbial community. Importantly, SLs were found to attract Acinetobacter in low P conditions, which included an isolated CP-2 (Acinetobacter soli) that could promote plant growth in cocultivation experiments. Moreover, SLs could change the topologic structure within co-occurrence networks and increase the number of keystone taxa (e.g., Rhizobiaceae and Acidobacteriaceae) to enhance microbial community stability. This study reveals the key role of SLs in mediating root-associated microbiota interactions.IMPORTANCEStrigolactones (SLs) play a crucial role in plant development and their symbiotic relationships with microbes, particularly in adapting to phosphorus levels. Using high-throughput sequencing, we compared the root microbiota of plants with SL biosynthesis and perception mutants to wild-type plants under different phosphorus concentrations. These results found that SLs can attract beneficial microbes in low phosphorus conditions to enhance plant growth. Additionally, SLs affect microbial network structures, increasing the stability of microbial communities. This study highlights the key role of SLs in shaping root-associated microbial interactions, especially in response to phosphorus availability.},
}
@article {pmid38779952,
year = {2024},
author = {Rowson, M and Jolly, M and Dickson, S and Gifford, ML and Carré, I},
title = {Timely symbiosis: circadian control of legume-rhizobia symbiosis.},
journal = {Biochemical Society transactions},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1042/BST20231307},
pmid = {38779952},
issn = {1470-8752},
abstract = {Legumes house nitrogen-fixing endosymbiotic rhizobia in specialised polyploid cells within root nodules. This results in a mutualistic relationship whereby the plant host receives fixed nitrogen from the bacteria in exchange for dicarboxylic acids. This plant-microbe interaction requires the regulation of multiple metabolic and physiological processes in both the host and symbiont in order to achieve highly efficient symbiosis. Recent studies have showed that the success of symbiosis is influenced by the circadian clock of the plant host. Medicago and soybean plants with altered clock mechanisms showed compromised nodulation and reduced plant growth. Furthermore, transcriptomic analyses revealed that multiple genes with key roles in recruitment of rhizobia to plant roots, infection and nodule development were under circadian control, suggesting that appropriate timing of expression of these genes may be important for nodulation. There is also evidence for rhythmic gene expression of key nitrogen fixation genes in the rhizobium symbiont, and temporal coordination between nitrogen fixation in the bacterial symbiont and nitrogen assimilation in the plant host may be important for successful symbiosis. Understanding of how circadian regulation impacts on nodule establishment and function will identify key plant-rhizobial connections and regulators that could be targeted to increase the efficiency of this relationship.},
}
@article {pmid38779949,
year = {2024},
author = {Lafferty, DJ and Robison, TA and Gunadi, A and Schafran, PW and Gunn, LH and Van Eck, J and Li, FW},
title = {Biolistics-mediated transformation of hornworts and its application to study pyrenoid protein localization.},
journal = {Journal of experimental botany},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/jxb/erae243},
pmid = {38779949},
issn = {1460-2431},
abstract = {Hornworts are a deeply diverged lineage of bryophytes that are sister to mosses and liverworts. Hornworts have an array of unique features that can be leveraged to illuminate not only the early evolution of land plants, but also alternative paths for nitrogen and carbon assimilation via cyanobacterial symbiosis and a pyrenoid-based CO2-concentrating mechanism (CCM), respectively. Despite this, hornworts are one of the few plant lineages with limited available genetic tools. Here we report an efficient biolistics method for generating transient-expression and stable transgenic lines in the model hornwort, Anthoceros agrestis. An average of 569 (± 268) cells showed transient expression per bombardment, with green fluorescent protein expression observed within 48-72 hours. A total of 81 stably transformed lines were recovered across three separate experiments, averaging six lines per bombardment. We followed the same method to transiently transform nine additional hornwort species, and obtained stable transformants from one. This method was further used to verify the localization of Rubisco and Rubisco activase in pyrenoids, which are central proteins for CCM function. Together, our biolistics approach offers key advantages over existing methods as it enables rapid transient expression and can be applied to widely diverse hornwort species.},
}
@article {pmid38779455,
year = {2024},
author = {Li, B and Yang, Z and Li, Y and Zhang, J and Li, C and Lv, N},
title = {Exploration beyond osteoarthritis: the association and mechanism of its related comorbidities.},
journal = {Frontiers in endocrinology},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1352671},
pmid = {38779455},
issn = {1664-2392},
mesh = {Humans ; *Osteoarthritis/epidemiology ; *Comorbidity ; Osteoporosis/epidemiology ; Cardiovascular Diseases/epidemiology ; Quality of Life ; Sarcopenia/epidemiology ; Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiology ; Neoplasms/epidemiology ; Nervous System Diseases/epidemiology ; },
abstract = {Osteoarthritis is the most prevalent age-related degenerative joint disease and a leading cause of pain and disability in aged people. Its etiology is multifaceted, involving factors such as biomechanics, pro-inflammatory mediators, genetics, and metabolism. Beyond its evident impact on joint functionality and the erosion of patients' quality of life, OA exhibits symbiotic relationships with various systemic diseases, giving rise to various complications. This review reveals OA's extensive impact, encompassing osteoporosis, sarcopenia, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, neurological disorders, mental health, and even cancer. Shared inflammatory processes, genetic factors, and lifestyle elements link OA to these systemic conditions. Consequently, recognizing these connections and addressing them offers opportunities to enhance patient care and reduce the burden of associated diseases, emphasizing the need for a holistic approach to managing OA and its complications.},
}
@article {pmid38779319,
year = {2024},
author = {Werner, MS and Schroeder, N},
title = {Editorial: Physiological alterations of nematodes influenced by cross-phylum symbioses.},
journal = {Frontiers in physiology},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1417354},
pmid = {38779319},
issn = {1664-042X},
}
@article {pmid38778724,
year = {2024},
author = {Luo, H and Wang, J and Zhang, S and Sun, B and Chen, Z and Ren, X and Luo, Z and Han, X and Hu, W},
title = {In Situ Symbiosis of Cerium Oxide Nanophase for Enhancing the Oxygen Electrocatalysis Performance of Single-Atom Fe─N─C Catalyst with Prolonged Stability for Zinc-Air Batteries.},
journal = {Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e2400357},
doi = {10.1002/smll.202400357},
pmid = {38778724},
issn = {1613-6829},
support = {52122107//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 52372217//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 22JCQNJC00830//Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin/ ; },
abstract = {The Fenton reaction, induced by the H2O2 formed during the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) process leads to significant dissolution of Fe, resulting in unsatisfactory stability of the iron-nitrogen-doped carbon catalysts (Fe-NC). In this study, a strategy is proposed to improve the ORR catalytic activity while eliminating the effect of H2O2 by introducing CeO2 nanoparticles. Transmission electron microscopy and subsequent characterizations reveal that CeO2 nanoparticles are uniformly distributed on the carbon substrate, with atomically dispersed Fe single-atom catalysts (SACs) adjacent to them. CeO2@Fe-NC achieves a half-wave potential of 0.89 V and a limiting current density of 6.2 mA cm[-2], which significantly outperforms Fe-NC and commercial Pt/C. CeO2@Fe-NC also shows a half-wave potential loss of only 1% after 10 000 CV cycles, which is better than that of Fe-NC (7%). Further, H2O2 elimination experiments show that the introduction of CeO2 significantly accelerate the decomposition of H2O2. In situ Raman spectroscopy results suggest that CeO2@Fe-NC significantly facilitates the formation of ORR intermediates compared with Fe-NC. The Zn-air batteries utilizing CeO2@Fe-NC cathodes exhibit satisfactory peak power density and open-circuit voltage. Furthermore, theoretical calculations show that the introduction of CeO2 enhances the ORR activity of Fe-NC SAC. This study provides insights for optimizing SAC-based electrocatalysts with high activity and stability.},
}
@article {pmid38778376,
year = {2024},
author = {Meng, Y and Zhang, X and Zhai, Y and Li, Y and Shao, Z and Liu, S and Zhang, C and Xing, XH and Zheng, H},
title = {Identification of the mutual gliding locus as a factor for gut colonization in non-native bee hosts using the ARTP mutagenesis.},
journal = {Microbiome},
volume = {12},
number = {1},
pages = {93},
pmid = {38778376},
issn = {2049-2618},
support = {U2032210//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; Bees/microbiology ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome/genetics ; *Symbiosis ; *Mutagenesis ; Mutation ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The gut microbiota and their hosts profoundly affect each other's physiology and evolution. Identifying host-selected traits is crucial to understanding the processes that govern the evolving interactions between animals and symbiotic microbes. Current experimental approaches mainly focus on the model bacteria, like hypermutating Escherichia coli or the evolutionary changes of wild stains by host transmissions. A method called atmospheric and room temperature plasma (ARTP) may overcome the bottleneck of low spontaneous mutation rates while maintaining mild conditions for the gut bacteria.<br><br>RESULTS: We established an experimental symbiotic system with gnotobiotic bee models to unravel the molecular mechanisms promoting host colonization. By in vivo serial passage, we tracked the genetic changes of ARTP-treated Snodgrassella strains from Bombus terrestris in the non-native honeybee host. We observed that passaged isolates showing genetic changes in the mutual gliding locus have a competitive advantage in the non-native host. Specifically, alleles in the orphan mglB, the GTPase activating protein, promoted colonization potentially by altering the type IV pili-dependent motility of the cells. Finally, competition assays confirmed that the mutations out-competed the ancestral strain in the non-native honeybee gut but not in the native host.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Using the ARTP mutagenesis to generate a mutation library of gut symbionts, we explored the potential genetic mechanisms for improved gut colonization in non-native hosts. Our findings demonstrate the implication of the cell mutual-gliding motility in host association and provide an experimental system for future study on host-microbe interactions. Video Abstract.},
}
@article {pmid38777027,
year = {2024},
author = {Zheng, Y and Zhao, Y and Li, Z and Xu, M and Lu, Y and Li, X},
title = {Puerarin-containing rhein-crosslinked tyramine-modified hyaluronic acid hydrogel for antibacterial and anti-inflammatory wound dressings.},
journal = {International journal of biological macromolecules},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {132527},
doi = {10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132527},
pmid = {38777027},
issn = {1879-0003},
abstract = {Wound infections, posing a grave risk of severe physical consequences and even mortality, exact a substantial financial toll on society, rendering them among the most formidable challenges confronting our world today. A critical imperative is the development of hydrogel dressings endowed with immune-regulating and antibacterial properties. This study is founded upon the symbiotic physical and efficacious attributes of two small natural molecules. An injectable hydrogel is meticulously crafted by encapsulating puerarin (PUE) into tyramine-modified hyaluronic acid, subsequently introducing rhein (RHE), and catalyzing the formation of inter-phenol crosslinks with H2O2/horseradish peroxidase (HA-Tyr-R@P). Exhibiting a favorable microenvironmental impact the developed hydrogel attains an antibacterial efficacy exceeding 95 %, coupled with a wound closure rate twice that of the control group. HA-Tyr-R@P hydrogels not only inhibit bacterial growth but also mitigate inflammation, fostering wound healing, owing to their harmonized physicochemical characteristics and synergistic therapeutic effects. This work underscores the creation of a singular, versatile hydrogel platform, negating the complexities and side effects associated with pharmaceutical preparations. Furthermore, it offers new ideas for the formulation of RHE-based hydrogels for wound healing, emphasizing the pivotal role of natural small molecules in advancing biological materials.},
}
@article {pmid38775231,
year = {2024},
author = {Qu, D and Wu, F and Guo, Y and Zhang, J and Li, M and Yang, L and Wang, L and Su, H},
title = {Dark septate endophyte Anteaglonium sp. T010 promotes biomass accumulation in poplar by regulating sucrose metabolism and hormones.},
journal = {Tree physiology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/treephys/tpae057},
pmid = {38775231},
issn = {1758-4469},
abstract = {Plant biomass is a highly promising renewable feedstock for the production of biofuels, chemicals, and materials. By enhancing the content of plant biomass through endophyte symbiosis, it can effectively reduce economic and technological barriers in industrial production. In this study, we found that symbiosis with the dark septate endophyte (DSE) Anteaglonium sp. T010 significantly promoted the growth of poplar trees and increased plant biomass, including cellulose, lignin and starch. To further investigate whether plant biomass was related to sucrose metabolism, we analyzed the levels of relevant sugars and enzyme activities. During the symbiosis of Anteaglonium sp. T010, sucrose, fructose and glucose levels in the stem of poplar decreased, while the content of intermediates such as glucose-6-phosphate (G6P), fructose-6-phosphate (F6P) and UDP-glucose (UDPG) and the activity of enzymes related to sucrose metabolism, including sucrose synthase (SUSY), cell wall invertase (CWINV), fructokinase (FRK) and hexokinase (HxK), increased. In addition, the contents of glucose, fructose, starch and their intermediates G6P, F6P and UDPG, as well as the enzyme activities of SUSY, CWINV, neutral invertase (NINV) and FRK in roots were increased, which ultimately led to the increase of root biomass. Besides that, during the symbiotic process of Anteaglonium sp. T010, there were significant changes in the expression levels of root-related hormones, which may promote changes in sucrose metabolism and consequently increase the plant biomass. Therefore, this study suggested that DSE fungi can increase the plant biomass synthesis capacity by regulating the carbohydrate allocation and sink strength in poplar.},
}
@article {pmid38775019,
year = {2024},
author = {Camañes-Gonzalvo, S and Montiel-Company, JM and Lobo-de-Mena, M and Safont-Aguilera, MJ and Fernández-Diaz, A and López-Roldán, A and Paredes-Gallardo, V and Bellot-Arcís, C},
title = {Relationship between oral microbiota and colorectal cancer: A systematic review.},
journal = {Journal of periodontal research},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/jre.13289},
pmid = {38775019},
issn = {1600-0765},
abstract = {This systematic review aims to investigate the microbial basis underlying the association between oral microbiota and colorectal cancer. A comprehensive search was conducted across four databases, encompassing potentially relevant studies published up to April 2024 related to the PECO question: "Is there a differentiation in oral microbial composition between adult patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer compared to healthy patients?". The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used to evaluate the quality of the studies included. The level of evidence was assessed through the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation) tool. Sixteen studies fulfilled the eligibility criteria. Based on low to moderate evidence profile, high levels of certain subspecies within Firmicutes (such as Streptococcus anginosus, Peptostreptococcus stomatis, S. koreensis, and S. gallolyticus), Prevotella intermedia, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Neisseria oralis were found to be associated with colorectal cancer. Conversely, certain bacteria (e.g., Lachnospiraceae, F. periodonticum, and P. melaninogenica) could exert a symbiotic protective effect against colorectal cancer. Based on existing evidence, it appears that variations in oral microbiota composition exist among individuals with and without colorectal cancer. However, further research is necessary to determine the mechanisms of oral dysbiosis in colorectal carcinogenesis.},
}
@article {pmid38774956,
year = {2024},
author = {Strand, EL and Wong, KH and Farraj, A and Gray, S and McMenamin, A and Putnam, HM},
title = {Coral species-specific loss and physiological legacy effects are elicited by extended marine heatwave.},
journal = {The Journal of experimental biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1242/jeb.246812},
pmid = {38774956},
issn = {1477-9145},
support = {1017848//National Institute of Food and Agriculture/ ; 1756623//National Science Foundation/ ; },
abstract = {Marine heatwaves are increasing in frequency and intensity, with potentially catastrophic consequences for marine ecosystems like coral reefs. An extended heatwave and recovery time-series that incorporates multiple stressors and is environmentally realistic can provide enhanced predictive capacity for performance under climate change conditions. We exposed common reef-building corals in Hawai'i, Montipora capitata and Pocillopora acuta, to a two-month period of high temperature and high pCO2 conditions or ambient conditions in a factorial design, followed by two months of ambient conditions. High temperature, rather than high pCO2, drove multivariate physiology shifts through time in both species, including decreases in respiration rates and endosymbiont densities. Pocillopora acuta exhibited more significantly negatively altered physiology, substantially higher bleaching, and mortality than M. capitata. The sensitivity of P. acuta appears to be driven by higher baseline rates of photosynthesis paired with lower host antioxidant capacity, creating an increased sensitivity to oxidative stress. Thermal tolerance of M. capitata may be partly due to harboring a mixture of Cladocopium and Durusdinium spp., while P. acuta was dominated by other distinct Cladocopium spp. Only M. capitata survived the experiment, but physiological state in heatwave-exposed M. capitata remained significantly diverged at the end of recovery relative to individuals that experienced ambient conditions. In future climate scenarios, particularly marine heatwaves, our results indicate a species-specific loss of corals that is driven by baseline host and symbiont physiological differences as well as Symbiodiniaceae community compositions with the surviving species experiencing physiological legacies that are likely to influence future stress responses.},
}
@article {pmid38774826,
year = {2024},
author = {Lewis, J and Turner, A and James, T and Brown, I and Wilson, LT},
title = {We outside: Modeling equity-centered, antiracist, community-driven partnerships in resident education.},
journal = {AEM education and training},
volume = {8},
number = {Suppl 1},
pages = {S36-S42},
pmid = {38774826},
issn = {2472-5390},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Community engagement is increasingly recognized as a necessity in addressing intractable racial and ethnic health disparities in the United States. However, institutions have not adequately trained resident physicians in developing symbiotic community partnerships that preserve community autonomy and identity without exploitation. Our goals were to highlight the experiences of expert academic emergency physicians in creating innovative, community-driven, and anti-racist solutions to achieving measurable equity in health outcomes and to introduce a novel framework entitled the Social Change Method to take a community-embedded intervention from concept to creation.<br><br>METHODS: The methodology was based on the development of a didactic session at the 2023 SAEM Annual Meeting. The three novel initiatives discussed were Emergency Medicine Remix (EMR); Trust, Research, Access, and Prevention (TRAP) Medicine; and The Health Equity Accelerator (HEA). A team of multi-institutional experts convened to develop the session objectives through priority setting.<br><br>RESULTS: Our expert panel discussed successes and challenges encountered while using evidence-informed strategies to conduct their community-based programming. Participant questions were centered on fostering sustainability, emphasizing the importance of carefully crafted interventions in the face of uncertain legislative challenges and strategies to empower others.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Emergency medicine residency education should incorporate training on methods to leverage community partnerships to improve individual and community health outcomes. The Social Change Method can be used as a conceptual framework to generate easily re-creatable and scalable partnerships that establish trust and forge relationships that honor identity and autonomy without exploiting community members.},
}
@article {pmid38774509,
year = {2024},
author = {Qiang, R and Wang, M and Li, Q and Li, Y and Li, C and Zhang, J and Liu, H},
title = {The different responses of AOA and AOB communities to irrigation systems in the semi-arid region of Northeast China.},
journal = {Frontiers in microbiology},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1374618},
pmid = {38774509},
issn = {1664-302X},
abstract = {Ammonia oxidation is the rate-limiting step in nitrification and the key step in the nitrogen (N) cycle. Most soil nutrients and biological indicators are extremely sensitive to irrigation systems, from the perspective of improving soil fertility and soil ecological environment, the evaluation of different irrigation systems and suitability of selection, promote crop production and soil quality, study the influence of the soil microenvironment contribute to accurate evaluation of irrigation farmland soil health. Based on the amoA gene, the abundance and community diversity of ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and their responses to soil physicochemical factors and enzyme activities were studied in semi-arid areas of Northeast China. The study consisted of three irrigation systems: flood irrigation (FP), shallow buried drip irrigation (DI), and mulched drip irrigation (MF). The results showed that DI and MF significantly increased the contents of alkaline hydrolyzed nitrogen (AN), nitrate nitrogen (NO3[-]-N), soil moisture, and the activities of ammonia monooxygenase (AMO) and hydroxylamine oxidase (HAO). Compared with FP, DI significantly increased the abundance of soil AOA and AOB, while MF significantly increased the abundance of soil AOB. Irrigation systems significantly affected the community composition of ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms (AOM). Also, AN and soil moisture had the greatest influence on the community composition of AOA and AOB, respectively. The AOB community had better stability and stress resistance. Moreover, the symbiotic network of AOB in the three irrigation systems was more complex than that of AOA. Compared with FP, the AOA community under treatment DI had higher complexity and stability, maintaining the versatility and sustainability of the ecosystem, while the AOB community under treatment MF had higher transfer efficiency in terms of matter and energy. In conclusion, DI and MF were more conducive to the propagation of soil AOM in the semi-arid area of Northeast China, which can provide a scientific basis for rational irrigation and N regulation from the perspective of microbiology.},
}
@article {pmid38774505,
year = {2024},
author = {Rähn, E and Lutter, R and Riit, T and Tullus, T and Tullus, A and Tedersoo, L and Drenkhan, R and Tullus, H},
title = {Soil mycobiomes in native European aspen forests and hybrid aspen plantations have a similar fungal richness but different compositions, mainly driven by edaphic and floristic factors.},
journal = {Frontiers in microbiology},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1372938},
pmid = {38774505},
issn = {1664-302X},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The cultivation of short-rotation tree species on non-forest land is increasing due to the growing demand for woody biomass for the future bioeconomy and to mitigate climate change impacts. However, forest plantations are often seen as a trade-off between climate benefits and low biodiversity. The diversity and composition of soil fungal biota in plantations of hybrid aspen, one of the most planted tree species for short-rotation forestry in Northern Europe, are poorly studied.<br><br>METHODS: The goal of this study was to obtain baseline knowledge about the soil fungal biota and the edaphic, floristic and management factors that drive fungal richness and communities in 18-year-old hybrid aspen plantations on former agricultural soils and compare the fungal biota with those of European aspen stands on native forest land in a 130-year chronosequence. Sites were categorized as hybrid aspen (17-18-year-old plantations) and native aspen stands of three age classes (8-29, 30-55, and 65-131-year-old stands). High-throughput sequencing was applied to soil samples to investigate fungal diversity and assemblages.<br><br>RESULTS: Native aspen forests showed a higher ectomycorrhizal (EcM) fungal OTU richness than plantations, regardless of forest age. Short-distance type EcM genera dominated in both plantations and forests. The richness of saprotrophic fungi was similar between native forest and plantation sites and was highest in the middle-aged class (30-55-year-old stands) in the native aspen stands. The fungal communities of native forests and plantations were significantly different. Community composition varied more, and the natural forest sites were more diverse than the relatively homogeneous plantations. Soil pH was the best explanatory variable to describe soil fungal communities in hybrid aspen stands. Soil fungal community composition did not show any clear patterns between the age classes of native aspen stands.<br><br>CONCLUSION: We conclude that edaphic factors are more important in describing fungal communities in both native aspen forest sites and hybrid aspen plantation sites than forest thinning, age, or former land use for plantations. Although first-generation hybrid aspen plantations and native forests are similar in overall fungal diversity, their taxonomic and functional composition is strikingly different. Therefore, hybrid aspen plantations can be used to reduce felling pressure on native forests; however, our knowledge is still insufficient to conclude that plantations could replace native aspen forests from the soil biodiversity perspective.},
}
@article {pmid38774500,
year = {2024},
author = {Poulain, M and Rosinski, E and Henri, H and Balmand, S and Delignette-Muller, ML and Heddi, A and Lasseur, R and Vavre, F and Zaidman-Rémy, A and Kremer, N},
title = {Development, feeding, and sex shape the relative quantity of the nutritional obligatory symbiont Wolbachia in bed bugs.},
journal = {Frontiers in microbiology},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1386458},
pmid = {38774500},
issn = {1664-302X},
abstract = {The common bed bug, Cimex lectularius, is a hemipteran insect that feeds only on blood, and whose bites cause public health issues. Due to globalization and resistance to insecticides, this pest has undergone a significant and global resurgence in recent decades. Blood is an unbalanced diet, lacking notably sufficient B vitamins. Like all strict hematophagous arthropods, bed bugs host a nutritional symbiont supplying B vitamins. In C. lectularius, this nutritional symbiont is the intracellular bacterium Wolbachia (wCle). It is located in specific symbiotic organs, the bacteriomes, as well as in ovaries. Experimental depletion of wCle has been shown to result in longer nymphal development and lower fecundity. These phenotypes were rescued by B vitamin supplementation. Understanding the interaction between wCle and the bed bug may help to develop new pest control methods targeting the disruption of this symbiotic interaction. The objective of this work was thus to quantify accurately the density of wCle over the life cycle of the host and to describe potential associated morphological changes in the bacteriome. We also sought to determine the impact of sex, feeding status, and aging on the bacterial population dynamics. We showed that the relative quantity of wCle continuously increases during bed bug development, while the relative size of the bacteriome remains stable. We also showed that adult females harbor more wCle than males and that wCle relative quantity decreases slightly in adults with age, except in weekly-fed males. These results are discussed in the context of bed bug ecology and will help to define critical points of the symbiotic interaction during the bed bug life cycle.},
}
@article {pmid38773229,
year = {2024},
author = {Mauro, F and Corrado, B and De Gregorio, V and Lagreca, E and Di Natale, C and Vecchione, R and Netti, PA},
title = {Exploring the evolution of bacterial cellulose precursors and their potential use as cellulose-based building blocks.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {14},
number = {1},
pages = {11613},
pmid = {38773229},
issn = {2045-2322},
mesh = {*Cellulose/chemistry ; Bacteria/metabolism ; Porosity ; },
abstract = {Natural polymers have found increased use in a wider range of applications due to their less harmful effects. Notably, bacterial cellulose has gained significant consideration due to its exceptional physical and chemical properties and its substantial biocompatibility, which makes it an attractive candidate for several biomedical applications. This study attempts to thoroughly unravel the microstructure of bacterial cellulose precursors, known as bioflocculants, which to date have been poorly characterised, by employing both electron and optical microscopy techniques. Here, starting from bioflocculants from Symbiotic Culture of Bacteria and Yeast (SCOBY), we proved that their microstructural features, such as porosity percentage, cellulose assembly degree, fibres' density and fraction, change in a spatio-temporal manner during their rising toward the liquid-air interface. Furthermore, our research identified a correlation between electron and optical microscopy parameters, enabling the assessment of bioflocculants' microstructure without necessitating offline sample preparation procedures. The ultimate goal was to determine their potential suitability as a novel cellulose-based building block material with tuneable structural properties. Our investigations substantiate the capability of SCOBY bioflocculants, characterized by distinct microstructures, to successfully assemble within a microfluidic device, thereby generating a cellulose sheet endowed with specific and purposefully designed structural features.},
}
@article {pmid38772419,
year = {2024},
author = {Tan, J and Wei, N and Turcotte, MM},
title = {Trophic interactions in microbiomes influence plant host population size and ecosystem function.},
journal = {Proceedings. Biological sciences},
volume = {291},
number = {2023},
pages = {20240612},
doi = {10.1098/rspb.2024.0612},
pmid = {38772419},
issn = {1471-2954},
mesh = {*Microbiota ; *Ecosystem ; Food Chain ; Araceae/microbiology/physiology ; Symbiosis ; Population Density ; Phosphorus/metabolism ; },
abstract = {Plant microbiomes that comprise diverse microorganisms, including prokaryotes, eukaryotes and viruses, are the key determinants of plant population dynamics and ecosystem function. Despite their importance, little is known about how species interactions (especially trophic interactions) between microbes from different domains modify the importance of microbiomes for plant hosts and ecosystems. Using the common duckweed Lemna minor, we experimentally examined the effects of predation (by bacterivorous protists) and parasitism (by bacteriophages) within microbiomes on plant population size and ecosystem phosphorus removal. Our results revealed that the addition of predators increased plant population size and phosphorus removal, whereas the addition of parasites showed the opposite pattern. The structural equation modelling further pointed out that predation and parasitism affected plant population size and ecosystem function via distinct mechanisms that were both mediated by microbiomes. Our results highlight the importance of understanding microbial trophic interactions for predicting the outcomes and ecosystem impacts of plant-microbiome symbiosis.},
}
@article {pmid38772340,
year = {2024},
author = {Giovannetti, M and Genre, A},
title = {Plant-fungus symbiosis: One receptor to switch on the green light.},
journal = {Current biology : CB},
volume = {34},
number = {10},
pages = {R507-R509},
doi = {10.1016/j.cub.2024.04.013},
pmid = {38772340},
issn = {1879-0445},
mesh = {*Symbiosis/physiology ; *Medicago truncatula/microbiology/metabolism/physiology ; *Mycorrhizae/physiology ; Plant Roots/microbiology/metabolism ; Light ; Plant Proteins/metabolism/genetics ; Green Light ; },
abstract = {Arbuscular mycorrhiza, an ancient symbiosis with soil fungi, support mineral nutrition in most plants. How roots recognize such symbiotic fungi has long been debated. Recent research identifies a Medicago truncatula receptor as a key player in triggering symbiont accommodation responses.},
}
@article {pmid38772266,
year = {2024},
author = {Flores-Félix, JD and Sánchez-Juanes, F and Pulido-Suárez, L and Velázquez, E and León-Barrios, M},
title = {The symbiovar mediterranense of Sinorhizobium meliloti nodulates Phaseolus vulgaris across Lanzarote (Canary Islands): A revision of this symbiovar supports a proposal to delimit symbiovars boundaries in Sinorhizobium and to define four new symbiovars.},
journal = {Systematic and applied microbiology},
volume = {47},
number = {4},
pages = {126517},
doi = {10.1016/j.syapm.2024.126517},
pmid = {38772266},
issn = {1618-0984},
abstract = {The symbiovar mediterranense of Sinorhizobium meliloti was initially found in Phaseolus vulgaris nodules in Tunisia and in an eastern location of Lanzarote (Canary Islands). Here we show that the symbiovar mediterranense of S. meliloti also nodulates P. vulgaris in two western locations of this Island. The analyses of the symbiotic nodA and nodC genes reveal the complexity of the symbiovar mediterranense which encompasses strains belonging to several phylogenetic lineages and clusters. The comparison of the nodA and nodC phylogenies showed that the nodC was the most resolutive phylogenetic marker for the delineation of Sinorhizobium symbiovars. Considering that the similarity of this gene within several symbiovars, particularly mediterranense, is around 95 %, the cut-off value for their differentiation should be lower. Considering that a nodC gene cut-off similarity value of around 92 % is accepted for the genus Bradyrhizobium and that the symbiovar concept is identical in all rhizobial genera, we propose to apply this value for symbiovars delineation within all these genera. Therefore, using this cut-off value for the nodC gene analysis of Sinorhizobium symbiovars, we propose to merge the symbiovars aegeanense and fredii into the single symbiovar fredii and to define four novel symbiovars with the names asiaense, culleni, sudanense and tunisiaense.},
}
@article {pmid38770098,
year = {2024},
author = {Nazarova, A and Mutin, A and Skafar, D and Bolbat, N and Sedova, S and Chupalova, P and Pomazkin, V and Drozdova, P and Gurkov, A and Timofeyev, M},
title = {Leeches Baicalobdella torquata feed on hemolymph but have a low effect on the cellular immune response of amphipod Eulimnogammarus verrucosus from Lake Baikal.},
journal = {PeerJ},
volume = {12},
number = {},
pages = {e17348},
pmid = {38770098},
issn = {2167-8359},
mesh = {Animals ; *Amphipoda/immunology/parasitology ; *Hemolymph/immunology/parasitology ; *Leeches/immunology ; *Lakes/parasitology ; *Hemocytes/immunology ; Immunity, Cellular ; Siberia ; Host-Parasite Interactions/immunology ; },
abstract = {Lake Baikal is one of the largest and oldest freshwater reservoirs on the planet with a huge endemic diversity of amphipods (Amphipoda, Crustacea). These crustaceans have various symbiotic relationships, including the rarely described phenomenon of leech parasitism on amphipods. It is known that leeches feeding on hemolymph of crustacean hosts can influence their physiology, especially under stressful conditions. Here we show that leeches Baicalobdella torquata (Grube, 1871) found on gills of Eulimnogammarus verrucosus (Gerstfeldt, 1858), one of the most abundant amphipods in the Baikal littoral zone, indeed feed on the hemolymph of their host. However, the leech infection had no effect on immune parameters such as hemocyte concentration or phenoloxidase activity and also did not affect glycogen content. The intensity of hemocyte reaction to foreign bodies in a primary culture was identical between leech-free and leech-infected animals. Artificial infection with leeches also had only a subtle effect on the course of a model microbial infection in terms of hemocyte concentration and composition. Despite we cannot fully exclude deleterious effects of the parasites, our study indicates a low influence of a few leeches on E. verrucosus and shows that leech-infected amphipods can be used at least for some types of ecophysiological experiments.},
}
@article {pmid38769583,
year = {2024},
author = {Guan, F and Wu, X and Zhou, J and Lin, Y and He, Y and Fan, C and Zeng, Z and Xiong, W},
title = {Mitochondrial transfer in tunneling nanotubes-a new target for cancer therapy.},
journal = {Journal of experimental &amp; clinical cancer research : CR},
volume = {43},
number = {1},
pages = {147},
pmid = {38769583},
issn = {1756-9966},
mesh = {Humans ; *Neoplasms/metabolism/therapy/pathology/drug therapy ; *Mitochondria/metabolism ; Tumor Microenvironment ; Animals ; Nanotubes ; },
abstract = {A century ago, the Warburg effect was first proposed, revealing that cancer cells predominantly rely on glycolysis during the process of tumorigenesis, even in the presence of abundant oxygen, shifting the main pathway of energy metabolism from the tricarboxylic acid cycle to aerobic glycolysis. Recent studies have unveiled the dynamic transfer of mitochondria within the tumor microenvironment, not only between tumor cells but also between tumor cells and stromal cells, immune cells, and others. In this review, we explore the pathways and mechanisms of mitochondrial transfer within the tumor microenvironment, as well as how these transfer activities promote tumor aggressiveness, chemotherapy resistance, and immune evasion. Further, we discuss the research progress and potential clinical significance targeting these phenomena. We also highlight the therapeutic potential of targeting intercellular mitochondrial transfer as a future anti-cancer strategy and enhancing cell-mediated immunotherapy.},
}
@article {pmid38769344,
year = {2024},
author = {Varshney, T and Waghmare, AV and Singh, VP and Meena, VP and Anand, R and Khan, B},
title = {Fuzzy analytic hierarchy process based generation management for interconnected power system.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {14},
number = {1},
pages = {11446},
pmid = {38769344},
issn = {2045-2322},
abstract = {Decision makers consistently face the challenge of simultaneously assessing numerous attributes, determining their respective importance, and selecting an appropriate method for calculating their weights. This article addresses the problem of automatic generation control (AGC) in a two area power system (2-APS) by proposing fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP), an multi-attribute decision-making (MADM) technique, to determine weights for sub-objective functions. The integral-time-absolute-errors (ITAE) of tie-line power fluctuation, frequency deviations and area control errors, are defined as the sub-objectives. Each of these is given a weight by the FAHP method, which then combines them into an single final objective function. This objective function is then used to design a PID controller. To improve the optimization of the objective function, the Jaya optimization algorithm (JOA) is used in conjunction with other optimization techniques such as sine cosine algorithm (SCA), Luus-Jaakola algorithm (LJA), Nelder-Mead simplex algorithm (NMSA), symbiotic organism search algorithm (SOSA) and elephant herding optimization algorithm (EHOA). Six distinct experimental cases are conducted to evaluate the controller's performance under various load conditions, with data plotted to show responses corresponding to fluctuations in frequency and tie-line exchange. Furthermore, statistical analysis is performed to gain a better understanding of the effectiveness of the JOA-based PID controller. For non-parametric evaluation, Friedman rank test is also used to validate the performance of the proposed JOA-based controller.},
}
@article {pmid38767866,
year = {2024},
author = {Christensen, SM and Srinivas, S and McFrederick, QS and Danforth, BN and Buchmann, SL and Vannette, RL},
title = {Symbiotic bacteria and fungi proliferate in diapause and may enhance overwintering survival in a solitary bee.},
journal = {The ISME journal},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/ismejo/wrae089},
pmid = {38767866},
issn = {1751-7370},
support = {DEB-1929516//National Science Foundation/ ; },
abstract = {Host-microbe interactions underlie the development and fitness of many macroorganisms, including bees. Whereas many social bees benefit from vertically transmitted gut bacteria, current data suggests that solitary bees, which comprise the vast majority of species diversity within bees, lack a highly specialized gut microbiome. Here we examine the composition and abundance of bacteria and fungi throughout the complete life cycle of the ground-nesting solitary bee Anthophora bomboides standfordiana. In contrast to expectations, immature bee stages maintain a distinct core microbiome consisting of Actinobacterial genera (Streptomyces, Nocardiodes) and the fungus Moniliella spathulata. Dormant (diapausing) larval bees hosted the most abundant and distinctive bacteria and fungi, attaining 33 and 52 times their initial copy number, respectively. We tested two adaptive hypotheses regarding microbial functions for diapausing bees. First, using isolated bacteria and fungi, we found that Streptomyces from brood cells inhibited the growth of multiple pathogenic filamentous fungi, suggesting a role in pathogen protection during overwintering, when bees face high pathogen pressure. Second, sugar alcohol composition changed in tandem with major changes in fungal abundance, suggesting links with bee cold tolerance or overwintering biology. We find that A. bomboides hosts a conserved core microbiome that may provide key fitness advantages through larval development and diapause, which raises the question of how this microbiome is maintained and faithfully transmitted between generations. Our results suggest that focus on microbiomes of mature or active insect developmental stages may overlook stage-specific symbionts and microbial fitness contributions during host dormancy.},
}
@article {pmid38767349,
year = {2024},
author = {Kirichek, EA and Flores-Félix, JD and Velázquez, E and Tsyganova, AV and Tsyganov, VE},
title = {Whole-genome sequence of six Rhizobium laguerreae strains.},
journal = {Microbiology resource announcements},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e0027924},
doi = {10.1128/mra.00279-24},
pmid = {38767349},
issn = {2576-098X},
abstract = {Rhizobium laguerreae is regarded as a promising candidate for biofertilization of legume plants worldwide through its high efficiency in symbiosis. In this paper, we report high-quality sequences of six R. laguerreae strains with total genome completeness from 93.5% to 97.5%.},
}
@article {pmid38766061,
year = {2024},
author = {Boas Lichty, KE and Loughran, RM and Ushijima, B and Richards, GP and Boyd, EF},
title = {Osmotic stress response of the coral and oyster pathogen Vibrio coralliilyticus : acquisition of catabolism gene clusters for the compatible solute and signaling molecule myo -inositol.},
journal = {bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1101/2024.01.16.575920},
pmid = {38766061},
abstract = {UNLABELLED: Marine bacteria experience fluctuations in osmolarity that they must adapt to, and most bacteria respond to high osmolarity by accumulating compatible solutes also known as osmolytes. The osmotic stress response and compatible solutes used by the coral and oyster pathogen Vibrio coralliilyticus were unknown. In this study, we showed that to alleviate osmotic stress V. coralliilyticus biosynthesized glycine betaine (GB) and transported into the cell choline, GB, ectoine, dimethylglycine, and dimethylsulfoniopropionate, but not myo -inositol. Myo -inositol is a stress protectant and a signaling molecule that is biosynthesized and used by algae. Bioinformatics identified myo -inositol (iol) catabolism clusters in V. coralliilyticus and other Vibrio, Photobacterium, Grimontia, and Enterovibrio species. Growth pattern analysis demonstrated that V. coralliilyticus utilized myo -inositol as a sole carbon source, with a short lag time of 3 h. An iolG deletion mutant, which encodes an inositol dehydrogenase, was unable to grow on myo -inositol. Within the iol clusters were an MFS-type (iolT1) and an ABC-type (iolXYZ) transporter and analyses showed that both transported myo -inositol. IolG and IolA phylogeny among Vibrionaceae species showed different evolutionary histories indicating multiple acquisition events. Outside of Vibrionaceae , IolG was most closely related to IolG from a small group of Aeromonas fish and human pathogens and Providencia species. However, IolG from hypervirulent A. hydrophila strains clustered with IolG from Enterobacter, and divergently from Pectobacterium, Brenneria, and Dickeya plant pathogens. The iol cluster was also present within Aliiroseovarius, Burkholderia, Endozoicomonas, Halomonas, Labrenzia, Marinomonas, Marinobacterium, Cobetia, Pantoea, and Pseudomonas, of which many species were associated with marine flora and fauna.<br><br>IMPORTANCE: Host associated bacteria such as V. coralliilyticus encounter competition for nutrients and have evolved metabolic strategies to better compete for food. Emerging studies show that myo -inositol is exchanged in the coral-algae symbiosis, is likely involved in signaling, but is also an osmolyte in algae. The bacterial consumption of myo -inositol could contribute to a breakdown of the coral-algae symbiosis during thermal stress or disrupt the coral microbiome. Phylogenetic analyses showed that the evolutionary history of myo -inositol metabolism is complex, acquired multiple times in Vibrio, but acquired once in many bacterial plant pathogens. Further analysis also showed that a conserved iol cluster is prevalent among many marine species (commensals, mutualists, and pathogens) associated with marine flora and fauna, algae, sponges, corals, molluscs, crustaceans, and fish.},
}
@article {pmid38765186,
year = {2024},
author = {Mamudu, CO and Tebamifor, ME and Sule, MO and Dokunmu, TM and Ogunlana, OO and Iheagwam, FN},
title = {Apicoplast-Resident Processes: Exploiting the Chink in the Armour of Plasmodium falciparum Parasites.},
journal = {Advances in pharmacological and pharmaceutical sciences},
volume = {2024},
number = {},
pages = {9940468},
pmid = {38765186},
issn = {2633-4690},
abstract = {The discovery of a relict plastid, also known as an apicoplast (apicomplexan plastid), that houses housekeeping processes and metabolic pathways critical to Plasmodium parasites' survival has prompted increased research on identifying potent inhibitors that can impinge on apicoplast-localised processes. The apicoplast is absent in humans, yet it is proposed to originate from the eukaryote's secondary endosymbiosis of a primary symbiont. This symbiotic relationship provides a favourable microenvironment for metabolic processes such as haem biosynthesis, Fe-S cluster synthesis, isoprenoid biosynthesis, fatty acid synthesis, and housekeeping processes such as DNA replication, transcription, and translation, distinct from analogous mammalian processes. Recent advancements in comprehending the biology of the apicoplast reveal it as a vulnerable organelle for malaria parasites, offering numerous potential targets for effective antimalarial therapies. We provide an overview of the metabolic processes occurring in the apicoplast and discuss the organelle as a viable antimalarial target in light of current advances in drug discovery. We further highlighted the relevance of these metabolic processes to Plasmodium falciparum during the different stages of the lifecycle.},
}
@article {pmid38764458,
year = {2024},
author = {Duong, CH and Ho, YH},
title = {Perceived organizational support and its impact on employee's intention to stay: Dataset from the electronics industry in Vietnam.},
journal = {Data in brief},
volume = {54},
number = {},
pages = {110428},
pmid = {38764458},
issn = {2352-3409},
abstract = {This dataset investigates the complex interactions between perceived organizational support (POS) and Employee's intention to stay (ITS) in Vietnam's electronics industry, emphasizing the subtleties of job satisfaction (JS) and work-life balance (WLB) against a backdrop of socialist economic principles. The analysis is underpinned by a structured questionnaire distributed among employees across various corporations, including prominent entities like Samsung, Foxconn, and Luxshare, in Vietnam's northern industrial zones. A total of 604 legitimate responses were amassed via a convenience sampling strategy. After meticulous collation and organization, the dataset was subjected to Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) to elucidate the symbiotic relationships among POS, JS, WLB, and ITS. The outcomes obtained from this dataset show the relationship between POS, JS and WLB had a positive and significant impact on ITS. This dataset can offer valuable insights to countries with similar characteristics to Vietnam.},
}
@article {pmid38764018,
year = {2024},
author = {Chen, X and He, L and Zhang, C and Zheng, G and Lin, S and Zou, Y and Lu, Y and Feng, Y and Zheng, D},
title = {Exploring new avenues of health protection: plant-derived nanovesicles reshape microbial communities.},
journal = {Journal of nanobiotechnology},
volume = {22},
number = {1},
pages = {269},
pmid = {38764018},
issn = {1477-3155},
support = {2021J01801//Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province/ ; 2023L3011//Special Project of Central Government for Local Science and Technology Development of Fujian Province/ ; 2020CXA049//Fujian Medical Innovation Grant/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *Microbiota ; Plants ; Bacteria/metabolism ; Dysbiosis/microbiology ; Animals ; Nanoparticles/chemistry ; Nanostructures/chemistry ; Periodontitis/microbiology ; },
abstract = {Symbiotic microbial communities are crucial for human health, and dysbiosis is associated with various diseases. Plant-derived nanovesicles (PDNVs) have a lipid bilayer structure and contain lipids, metabolites, proteins, and RNA. They offer unique advantages in regulating microbial community homeostasis and treating diseases related to dysbiosis compared to traditional drugs. On the one hand, lipids on PDNVs serve as the primary substances that mediate specific recognition and uptake by bacteria. On the other hand, due to the multifactorial nature of PDNVs, they have the potential to enhance growth and survival of beneficial bacterial while simultaneously reducing the pathogenicity of harmful bacteria. In addition, PDNVs have the capacity to modulate bacterial metabolism, thus facilitating the establishment of a harmonious microbial equilibrium and promoting stability within the microbiota. These remarkable attributes make PDNVs a promising therapeutic approach for various conditions, including periodontitis, inflammatory bowel disease, and skin infection diseases. However, challenges such as consistency, isolation methods, and storage need to be addressed before clinical application. This review aims to explore the value of PDNVs in regulating microbial community homeostasis and provide recommendations for their use as novel therapeutic agents for health protection.},
}
@article {pmid38763642,
year = {2024},
author = {Muurmann, AT and Banovic, M and Gilbert, MTP and Sogari, G and Limborg, MT and Sicheritz-Pontén, T and Bahrndorff, S},
title = {Framework for valorizing waste- and by-products through insects and their microbiomes for food and feed.},
journal = {Food research international (Ottawa, Ont.)},
volume = {187},
number = {},
pages = {114358},
doi = {10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114358},
pmid = {38763642},
issn = {1873-7145},
mesh = {Animals ; *Microbiota ; *Insecta/microbiology ; Animal Feed/microbiology ; Humans ; Food Technology ; Waste Products ; Symbiosis ; Probiotics ; Prebiotics ; },
abstract = {One third of the food produced for human consumption is currently lost or wasted. Insects have a high potential for converting organic waste- and by-products into food and feed for a growing human population due to symbiosis with microorganisms. These symbioses provide an untapped reservoir of functional microbiomes that can be used to improve industrial insect production but are poorly studied in most insect species. Here we review the most current understanding and challenges of valorizing organic waste- and by-products through insects and their microbiomes for food and feed, and emerging novel food technologies that can be used to investigate and manipulate host(insects)-microbiome interactions. We further construct a holistic framework, by integration of novel food technologies including holo-omics, genome editing, breeding, phage therapy, and administration of prebiotics and probiotics to investigate and manipulate host(insects)-microbiome interactions, and solutions for achieving stakeholder acceptance of novel food technologies for a sustainable food production.},
}
@article {pmid38763528,
year = {2024},
author = {Hao, Z and Ding, X and Wang, J},
title = {Effects of gut bacteria and their metabolites on gut health of animals.},
journal = {Advances in applied microbiology},
volume = {127},
number = {},
pages = {223-252},
doi = {10.1016/bs.aambs.2024.02.007},
pmid = {38763528},
issn = {0065-2164},
mesh = {Animals ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; *Probiotics/metabolism ; *Bacteria/metabolism/genetics ; Intestines/microbiology ; },
abstract = {The intestine tract is a vital site for the body to acquire nutrients, serving as the largest immune organ. Intestinal health is crucial for maintaining a normal physiological state. Abundant microorganisms reside in the intestine, colonized in a symbiotic manner. These microorganisms can generate various metabolites that influence host physiological activities. Microbial metabolites serve as signaling molecules or metabolic substrates in the intestine, and some intestinal microorganisms act as probiotics and promote intestinal health. Researches on host, probiotics, microbial metabolites and their interactions are ongoing. This study reviews the effects of gut bacteria and their metabolites on intestinal health to provide useful references for animal husbandry.},
}
@article {pmid38761954,
year = {2024},
author = {Przemieniecki, SW and Kalisz, B and Katzer, J and Wamelink, GWW and Kosewska, O and Kosewska, A and Sowiński, P and Mastalerz, J},
title = {Effect of vermicompost on rhizobiome and the growth of wheat on Martian regolith simulant.},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {173299},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173299},
pmid = {38761954},
issn = {1879-1026},
abstract = {As humanity embarks on the journey to establish permanent colonies on Mars, ensuring a reliable source of sustenance will be crucial. Therefore, detailed studies regarding crop cultivation using Martian simulants are of great importance. This study aimed to grow wheat on substrates based on soil and Martian simulants, with the addition of vermicompost, to investigate the differences in wheat development. Basic physical and chemical properties of substrates were examined, including determination of macro- and microelements as well as their microbiological properties. Plant growth parameters were also determined. The addition of vermicompost positively affected wheat grown on soil, but the effect on plants grown on substrate with Martian simulants was negligible. Comparing the microbiological and chemical components, it was observed that plants can defend themselves against the negative effects of growth on the Martian simulants, but their success depends on having the PGPR (Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria) present, which can provide the plant with additional nitrogen. The presence of beneficial symbiotic microbiota will allow the wheat to wait out the negative growth time rather than adapt to the regolith environment.},
}
@article {pmid38761176,
year = {2024},
author = {Fan, J and Wang, L and Zhang, C and Wu, X and Han, L and Zhang, X and Gao, S and Xue, J and Zhang, Q},
title = {PDIA3 driven STAT3/PD-1 signaling promotes M2 TAM polarization and aggravates colorectal cancer progression.},
journal = {Aging},
volume = {16},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.18632/aging.205847},
pmid = {38761176},
issn = {1945-4589},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: This inquiry endeavors to delineate the influence of PDIA3 on tumor-associated macrophages within the realm of colorectal malignancies, whilst elucidating the intrinsic biochemical pathways.<br><br>METHOD: Leveraging bioinformatics, we scrutinized the symbiosis between PDIA3, STAT3, and CD274. A xenograft model in immunodeficient murine served to assess PDIA3's impact on colorectal carcinogenesis. Further, Western blot analysis quantified the protein expression of PDIA3, p-STAT3, PD-1, XBP-1, assorted enzymes, and IL-6. Moreover, in vitro assays gauged SW480 cellular dynamics inclusive of migration, invasive potential, and proliferation.<br><br>RESULTS: Bioinformatics exploration exposed PDIA3's elevated presence in diverse cancers, with a marked expression in colorectal cancer, as per TCGA and GEO repositories. Correlative studies showed PDIA3 positively aligning with STAT3 and CD274, the latter also associated with monocyte-derived macrophages. Comparative analysis of colorectal neoplasms and normal colon samples unveiled heightened levels of PDIA3 markers which, when overexpressed in SW480 cells, escalated tumorigenicity and oncogenic behaviors, with a noted decrease upon PD-1 monoclonal antibody intervention.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: PDIA3 augments the M2 polarization of tumor-associated macrophages via modulation of the STAT3/PD-1 cascade, thus invigorating the tumorous proliferation and dissemination in colorectal cancer. Such revelations position PDIA3 as an auspicious target for PD-1 blockade therapeutics, offering a promising foundation for rectifying colorectal carcinoma.},
}
@article {pmid38760668,
year = {2024},
author = {Bell-Sakyi, L and Haines, LR and Petrucci, G and Beliavskaia, A and Hartley, C and Khoo, JJ and Makepeace, BL and Abd-Alla, AMM and Darby, AC},
title = {Establishment and partial characterisation of a new cell line derived from adult tissues of the tsetse fly Glossina morsitans morsitans.},
journal = {Parasites &amp; vectors},
volume = {17},
number = {1},
pages = {231},
pmid = {38760668},
issn = {1756-3305},
support = {BB/P024270/1/BB_/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom ; AV/PP0021/1/BB_/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom ; BB/P024270/1/BB_/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom ; BB/P024270/1/BB_/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom ; BB/P024270/1/BB_/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom ; BB/P024270/1/BB_/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom ; 223743/Z/21/Z/WT_/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom ; 204806/Z/16/Z/WT_/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom ; 223743/Z/21/Z/WT_/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom ; 223743/Z/21/Z/WT_/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom ; 223743/Z/21/Z/WT_/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom ; 223743/Z/21/Z/WT_/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom ; 223743/Z/21/Z/WT_/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom ; Joint FAO/IAEA Insect Pest Control Subprogramme//FAO/IAEA/ ; Joint FAO/IAEA Insect Pest Control Subprogramme//FAO/IAEA/ ; },
mesh = {*Tsetse Flies/parasitology ; Animals ; Cell Line ; Female ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics ; Karyotyping ; Insect Vectors/virology ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Insect cell lines play a vital role in many aspects of research on disease vectors and agricultural pests. The tsetse fly Glossina morsitans morsitans is an important vector of salivarian trypanosomes in sub-Saharan Africa and, as such, is a major constraint on human health and agricultural development in the region.<br><br>METHODS: Here, we report establishment and partial characterisation of a cell line, GMA/LULS61, derived from tissues of adult female G. m. morsitans. GMA/LULS61 cells, grown at 28&#xa0;&#xb0;C in L-15 (Leibovitz) medium supplemented with foetal bovine serum and tryptose phosphate broth, have been taken through 23 passages to date and can be split 1:1 at 2-week intervals. Karyotyping at passage 17 revealed a predominantly haploid chromosome complement. Species origin and absence of contaminating bacteria were confirmed by PCR amplification and sequencing of fragments of the COI gene and pan-bacterial 16S rRNA gene respectively. However, PCR screening of RNA extracted from GMA/LULS61 cells confirmed presence of the recently described Glossina morsitans morsitans iflavirus and Glossina morsitans morsitans negevirus, but absence of Glossina pallipides salivary gland hypertrophy virus. GMA/LULS61 cells supported infection and growth of 6/7 different insect-derived strains of the intracellular bacterial symbiont Wolbachia.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: The GMA/LULS61 cell line has potential for application in a variety of studies investigating the biology of G. m. morsitans and its associated pathogenic and symbiotic microorganisms.},
}
@article {pmid38760487,
year = {2024},
author = {Zhao, J and Guan, G and Li, D and Yu, X and Shentu, X},
title = {Study on the gut symbiotic microbiota in long- and short-winged brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stål).},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {14},
number = {1},
pages = {11306},
pmid = {38760487},
issn = {2045-2322},
support = {U21A20223//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 2019C02015//Zhejiang Provincial Programs for Science and Technology Development/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Hemiptera/microbiology/physiology ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; *Symbiosis ; *Wings, Animal/microbiology ; Female ; *RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics ; Bacteria/classification/genetics ; },
abstract = {The brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens (Stål), is one of the most important rice pests in Asia rice regions. BPH has monophagy, migration, rapid reproduction and strong environmental adaptability, and its control is a major problem in pest management. Adult BPH exhibit wing dimorphism, and the symbiotic microbiota enriched in the gut can provide energy for wing flight muscles as a source of nutrition. In order to study the diversity of symbiotic microbiota in different winged BPHs, this paper takes female BPH as the research object. It was found that the number of symbiotic microbiota of different winged BPHs would change at different development stages. Then, based on the 16S rRNA and ITS sequences, a metagenomic library was constructed, combined with fluorescent quantitative PCR and high-throughput sequencing, the dominant symbiotic microbiota flora in the gut of different winged BPHs was found, and the community structure and composition of symbiotic microbiota in different winged BPHs were further determined. Together, our results preliminarily revealed that symbiotic microbiota in the gut of BPHs have certain effects on wing morphology, and understanding the mechanisms underlying wing morph differentiation will clarify how nutritional factors or environmental cues alter or regulate physiological and metabolic pathways. These findings also establish a theoretical basis for subsequent explorations into BPH-symbiont interplay.},
}
@article {pmid38758914,
year = {2024},
author = {Zhang, L and Yu, L},
title = {The role of the microscopic world: Exploring the role and potential of intratumoral microbiota in cancer immunotherapy.},
journal = {Medicine},
volume = {103},
number = {20},
pages = {e38078},
pmid = {38758914},
issn = {1536-5964},
mesh = {Humans ; *Neoplasms/immunology/therapy/microbiology ; *Immunotherapy/methods ; *Microbiota/immunology ; Tumor Microenvironment/immunology ; },
abstract = {Microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, and fungi, coexist in the human body, forming a symbiotic microbiota that plays a vital role in human health and disease. Intratumoral microbial components have been discovered in various tumor tissues and are closely linked to the occurrence, progression, and treatment results of cancer. The intratumoral microbiota can enhance antitumor immunity through mechanisms such as activating the stimulator of interferon genes signaling pathway, stimulating T and NK cells, promoting the formation of TLS, and facilitating antigen presentation. Conversely, the intratumoral microbiota might suppress antitumor immune responses by increasing reactive oxygen species levels, creating an anti-inflammatory environment, inducing T cell inactivation, and enhancing immune suppression, thereby promoting cancer progression. The impact of intratumoral microbiota on antitumor immunity varies based on microbial composition, interactions with cancer cells, and the cancer's current state. A deep understanding of the complex interactions between intratumoral microbiota and antitumor immunity holds the potential to bring new therapeutic strategies and targets to cancer immunotherapy.},
}
@article {pmid38757977,
year = {2024},
author = {Jones, KR and Belden, LK and Hughey, MC},
title = {Priority effects alter microbiome composition and increase abundance of probiotic taxa in treefrog tadpoles.},
journal = {Applied and environmental microbiology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e0061924},
doi = {10.1128/aem.00619-24},
pmid = {38757977},
issn = {1098-5336},
abstract = {UNLABELLED: Host-associated microbial communities, like other ecological communities, may be impacted by the colonization order of taxa through priority effects. Developing embryos and their associated microbiomes are subject to stochasticity during colonization by bacteria. For amphibian embryos, often developing externally in bacteria-rich environments, this stochasticity may be particularly impactful. For example, the amphibian microbiome can mitigate lethal outcomes from disease for their hosts; however, this may depend on microbiome composition. Here, we examined the assembly of the bacterial community in spring peeper (Pseudacris crucifer) embryos and tadpoles. First, we reared embryos from identified mating pairs in either lab or field environments to examine the relative impact of environment and parentage on embryo and tadpole bacterial communities. Second, we experimentally inoculated embryos to determine if priority effects (i) could be used to increase the relative abundance of Janthinobacterium lividum, an amphibian-associated bacteria capable of preventing fungal infection, and (ii) would lead to observed differences in the relative abundances of two closely related bacteria from the genus Pseudomonas. Using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, we observed differences in community composition based on rearing location and parentage in embryos and tadpoles. In the inoculation experiment, we found that priority inoculation could increase the relative abundance of J. lividum, but did not find that either Pseudomonas isolate was able to prevent colonization by the other when given priority. These results highlight the importance of environmental source pools and parentage in determining microbiome composition, while also providing novel methods for the administration of a known amphibian probiotic.<br><br>IMPORTANCE: Harnessing the functions of host-associated bacteria is a promising mechanism for managing disease outcomes across different host species. In the case of amphibians, certain frog-associated bacteria can mitigate lethal outcomes of infection by the fungal pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis. Successful probiotic applications require knowledge of community assembly and an understanding of the ecological mechanisms that structure these symbiotic bacterial communities. In our study, we show the importance of environment and parentage in determining bacterial community composition and that community composition can be influenced by priority effects. Further, we provide support for the use of bacterial priority effects as a mechanism to increase the relative abundance of target probiotic taxa in a developing host. While our results show that priority effects are not universally effective across all host-associated bacteria, our ability to increase the relative abundance of specific probiotic taxa may enhance conservation strategies that rely on captive rearing of endangered vertebrates.},
}
@article {pmid38756734,
year = {2024},
author = {Yu, M and Li, Y and Ji, J and Lei, Y and Sun, Y},
title = {Gut yeast diversity of Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) under different dietary conditions.},
journal = {Frontiers in microbiology},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1287083},
pmid = {38756734},
issn = {1664-302X},
abstract = {Yeast is one of the important symbiotic flora in the insect gut. However, little is known about the gut yeast in Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) under various dietary conditions. The composition and function of the intestinal yeast community also remain unclear. In this research, we explored the composition of yeast microorganisms in H. armigera larvae under different feeding environments, including apple, pear, tomato, artificial diet (laboratory feeding), Urtica fissa, Helianthus annuus, and Zinnia elegans (wild environment) using high-throughput sequencing. Results showed that a total of 43 yeast OTU readings were obtained, comprising 33 yeast genera and 42 yeast species. The yeast genera with a total content of more than 5% were Hanseniaspora (36.27%), Moesziomyces (21.47%), Trichosporon (16.20%), Wickerhamomyces (12.96%) and Pichia (6.38%). Hanseniaspora was predominant when fed indoors with fruits, whereas Moesziomyces was only detected in the wild group (Urtica fissa, Helianthus annuus, Zinnia elegans) and the artificial diet group. After transferring the larvae from artificial diet to apple, pear and tomato, the composition of intestinal yeast community changed, mainly reflected in the increased relative abundance of Hanseniaspora and the decreased abundance of Trichosporon. Simultaneously, the results of α diversity index indicated that the intestinal yeast microbial diversity of H. armigera fed on wild plants was higher than that of indoor artificial feeding. PCoA and PERMANOVA analysis concluded that there were significant differences in the gut yeast composition of H. armigera larvae on different diets. Our results confirmed that gut yeast communities of H. armigera can be influenced by host diets and may play an important role in host adaptation.},
}
@article {pmid38754618,
year = {2024},
author = {Soleymani, E and Fakhar, M and Davoodi, L and Motavallihaghi, S and Sharifpour, A and Maghsood, AH},
title = {Isolation, characterization, and pathogenicity assay of Acanthamoeba and its endosymbionts in respiratory disorders and COVID-19 hospitalized patients, northern Iran.},
journal = {Experimental parasitology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {108774},
doi = {10.1016/j.exppara.2024.108774},
pmid = {38754618},
issn = {1090-2449},
abstract = {Acanthamoeba spp., are common free-living amoebae found in nature that can serve as reservoirs for certain microorganisms. The SARS-CoV-2 virus is a newly emerged respiratory infection, and the investigation of parasitic infections remains an area of limited research. Given that Acanthamoeba can act as a host for various endosymbiotic microbial pathogens and its pathogenicity assay is not fully understood, this study aimed to identify Acanthamoeba and its bacterial and fungal endosymbionts in patients with chronic respiratory disorders and hospitalized COVID-19 patients in northern Iran. Additionally, a pathogenicity assay was conducted on Acanthamoeba isolates. Urine, nasopharyngeal swab, and respiratory specimens were collected from two groups, and each sample was cultured on 1.5% non-nutrient agar medium. The cultures were then incubated at room temperature and monitored daily for a period of two weeks. Eight Acanthamoeba isolates were identified, and PCR was performed to confirm the presence of amoebae and identify their endosymbionts. Four isolates were found to have bacterial endosymbionts, including Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and Achromobacter sp., while two isolates harbored fungal endosymbionts, including an uncultured fungus and Gloeotinia sp. In the pathogenicity assay, five isolates exhibited a higher degree of pathogenicity compared to the other three. This study provides significant insights into the comorbidity of acanthamoebiasis and COVID-19 on a global scale, and presents the first evidence of Gloeotinia sp. as a fungal endosymbiont. Nevertheless, further research is required to fully comprehend the symbiotic patterns and establish effective treatment protocols.},
}
@article {pmid38751381,
year = {2024},
author = {Kammoun, I and Miotello, G and Ben Slama, K and Armengaud, J and Ghodhbane-Gtari, F and Gtari, M},
title = {The impact of Elaeagnus angustifolia root exudates on Parafrankia soli NRRL B-16219 exoproteome.},
journal = {Journal of genomics},
volume = {12},
number = {},
pages = {58-70},
pmid = {38751381},
issn = {1839-9940},
abstract = {Root exudates from host plant species are known to play a critical role in the establishment and maintenance of symbiotic relationships with soil bacteria. In this study, we investigated the impact of root exudates from compatible host plant species; Elaeagnus angustifolia on the exoproteome of Parafrankia soli strain NRRL B-16219. A total of 565 proteins were evidenced as differentially abundant, with 32 upregulated and 533 downregulated in presence of the plant exudates. Analysis of the function of these proteins suggests that the bacterial strain is undergoing a complex metabolic reprogramming towards a new developmental phase elicited in presence of host plant root exudates. The upregulation of Type II/IV secretion system proteins among the differentially expressed proteins indicates their possible role in infecting the host plant, as shown for some rhizobia. Additionally, EF-Tu, proteins upregulated in this study, may function as an effector for the T4SSs and trigger plant defense responses. These findings suggest that Parafrankia soli may use EF-Tu to infect the actinorhizal host plant and pave the way for further investigations of the molecular mechanisms underlying the establishment of symbiotic relationships.},
}
@article {pmid38750675,
year = {2024},
author = {Vieira, C and Brooks, C and Akita, S and Kim, MS and Saunders, GW},
title = {Of sea, rivers and symbiosis: Diversity, systematics, biogeography and evolution of the deeply diverging florideophycean order Hildenbrandiales (Rhodophyta).},
journal = {Molecular phylogenetics and evolution},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {108106},
doi = {10.1016/j.ympev.2024.108106},
pmid = {38750675},
issn = {1095-9513},
abstract = {The Hildenbrandiales, a typically saxicolous red algal order, is an early diverging florideophycean group with global significance in marine and freshwater ecosystems across diverse temperature zones. To comprehensively elucidate the diversity, phylogeny, biogeography, and evolution of this order, we conducted a thorough re-examination employing molecular data derived from nearly 700 specimens. Employing a species delimitation method, we identified Evolutionary Species Units (ESUs) within the Hildenbrandiales aiming to enhance our understanding of species diversity and generate the first time-calibrated tree and ancestral area reconstruction for this order. Mitochondrial cox1 and chloroplast rbcL markers were used to infer species boundaries, and subsequent phylogenetic reconstructions involved concatenated sequences of cox1, rbcL, and 18S rDNA. Time calibration of the resulting phylogenetic tree used a fossil record from a Triassic purportedly freshwater Hildenbrandia species and three secondary time points from the literature. Our species delimitation analysis revealed an astounding 97 distinct ESUs, quintupling the known diversity within this order. Our time-calibration analysis placed the origin of Hildenbrandiales (crown age) in the Ediacaran period, with freshwater species emerging as a monophyletic group during the later Permian to early Triassic. Phylogenetic reconstructions identified seven major clades, experiencing early diversification during the Silurian to Carboniferous period. Two major evolutionary events-colonization of freshwater habitats and obligate systemic symbiosis with a marine fungus-marked this order, leading to significant morphological alterations without a commensurate increase in species diversification. Despite the remarkable newly discovered diversity, the extant taxon diversity appears relatively constrained when viewed against an evolutionary timeline spanning over 800 million years. This limitation may stem from restricted geographic sampling or the prevalence of asexual reproduction. However, species richness estimation and rarefaction analyses suggest a substantially larger diversity yet to be uncovered-potentially four times greater. These findings drastically reshape our understanding of the deeply diverging florideophycean order Hildenbrandiales species diversity, and contribute valuable insights into this order evolutionary history and ecological adaptations. Supported by phylogenetic, ecological and morphological evidence, we established the genus Riverina gen. nov. to accommodate freshwater species of Hildenbrandiales, which form a monophyletic clade in our analyses. This marks the first step toward refining the taxonomy of the Hildenbrandiales order, a task demanding thorough revisions, notably the creation of several genera to address the polyphyletic status of Hildenbrandia. However, the limited diagnostic features pose a challenge, necessitating a fresh approach to defining genera. A potential solution lies in embracing a molecular systematic perspective, which can offer precise delineations of taxonomic boundaries.},
}
@article {pmid38750135,
year = {2024},
author = {Marine, B and David, L and Justine, S and Noémie, H and Terry, D and Guillaume, I and Anthony, L and Eric, P},
title = {Production of sounds by squirrelfish during symbiotic relationships with cleaner wrasses.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {14},
number = {1},
pages = {11158},
pmid = {38750135},
issn = {2045-2322},
support = {T.0192.20//Fonds De La Recherche Scientifique - FNRS/ ; T.0192.20//Fonds De La Recherche Scientifique - FNRS/ ; ANR-19-CE14-0010-SENSO//Agence Nationale de la Recherche/ ; OIA-1946352//National Science Foundation/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Symbiosis/physiology ; Fishes/physiology ; Sound ; Acoustics ; Vocalization, Animal/physiology ; Animal Communication ; Coral Reefs ; Pacific Ocean ; Polynesia ; Perciformes/physiology ; },
abstract = {Examples of symbiotic relationships often include cleaning mutualisms, typically involving interactions between cleaner fish and other fish, called the clients. While these cleaners can cooperate by removing ectoparasites from their clients, they can also deceive by feeding on client mucus, a behavior usually referred to as "cheating behavior" that often leads to a discernible jolt from the client fish. Despite extensive studies of these interactions, most research has focused on the visual aspects of the communication. In this study, we aimed to explore the role of acoustic communication in the mutualistic relationship between cleaner fishes and nine holocentrid client species across four regions of the Indo-Pacific Ocean: French Polynesia, Guam, Seychelles, and the Philippines. Video cameras coupled with hydrophones were positioned at various locations on reefs housing Holocentridae fish to observe their acoustic behaviors during interactions. Our results indicate that all nine species of holocentrids can use acoustic signals to communicate to cleaner fish their refusal of the symbiotic interaction or their desire to terminate the cooperation. These sounds were predominantly observed during agonistic behavior and seem to support visual cues from the client. This study provides a novel example of acoustic communication during a symbiotic relationship in teleosts. Interestingly, these vocalizations often lacked a distinct pattern or structure. This contrasts with numerous other interspecific communication systems where clear and distinguishable signals are essential. This absence of a clear acoustic pattern may be because they are used in interspecific interactions to support visual behavior with no selective pressure for developing specific calls required in conspecific recognition. The different sound types produced could also be correlated with the severity of the client response. There is a need for further research into the effects of acoustic behaviors on the quality and dynamics of these mutualistic interactions.},
}
@article {pmid38749858,
year = {2024},
author = {Statello, M and Colombo, RP and de la Fournière, EM and Debray, ME and Godeas, AM and Silvani, VA},
title = {The microPIXE technique to understand the distribution of heavy metals in arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis.},
journal = {Revista Argentina de microbiologia},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.ram.2023.12.006},
pmid = {38749858},
issn = {0325-7541},
}
@article {pmid38749545,
year = {2024},
author = {Sato, Y},
title = {Transcriptome Analysis: A Powerful Tool to Understand Individual Microbial Behaviors and Interactions in Ecosystems.},
journal = {Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/bbb/zbae064},
pmid = {38749545},
issn = {1347-6947},
abstract = {Transcriptome analysis is a powerful tool for studying microbial ecology, especially individual microbial functions in an ecosystem and their interactions. With the development of high-throughput sequencing technology, great progress had been made in analytical methods for microbial communities in natural environments. 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing (i.e., microbial community structure analysis) and shotgun metagenome analysis have been widely used to determine the composition and potential metabolic capability of microorganisms in target environments without requiring culture. However, even if the types of microorganisms present and their genes are known, it is difficult to determine what they are doing in an ecosystem. Gene expression analysis (transcriptome analysis; RNA-seq) is a powerful tool to address these issues. The history and basic information of gene expression analysis, as well as examples of studies using this method to analyze microbial ecosystems, are presented.},
}
@article {pmid38749376,
year = {2024},
author = {Amoako, FK and Sagervanshi, A and Hussain, MA and Pitann, B and Mühling, KH},
title = {Transcriptional and physiological analyses uncover the mineralization and uptake mechanisms of phytic acid in symbiotically grown Vicia faba plants.},
journal = {Plant physiology and biochemistry : PPB},
volume = {211},
number = {},
pages = {108723},
doi = {10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108723},
pmid = {38749376},
issn = {1873-2690},
abstract = {Legume-rhizobia symbiosis requires high phosphorus (P) in the form of ATP to convert atmospheric nitrogen (N) into ammonia. The fixed ammonia is converted to NH4[+] by H[+]-ATPase via protonation. To the best of our knowledge, most of these research works resort to using only inorganic P (Pi) to the neglect of the organic P (Po) counterpart. As it stands, the potential regulating roles of plasma membrane (PM) H[+]-ATPases during legume-rhizobia symbiosis in response to phytic acid supply and how it alters and modulates the regulation of PM H[+]-ATPases remain obscure. To contribute to the above hypothesis, we investigate the mechanisms that coordinately facilitate the growth, uptake, and transcript expression of PM H[+]-ATPase gene isoforms in response to different P sources when hydroponically grown Vicia faba plants were exposed to three P treatments, viz., low- and high-Pi (2.0 and 200 μM KH2PO4; LPi and HPi), and phytic acid (200 μM; Po) and inoculated with Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae 384 for 30 days. The results consistently reveal that the supply of Po improved not only the growth and biomass, but also enhanced photosynthetic parameters, P uptake and phosphatase activities in symbiotically grown Vicia faba relative to Pi. The supply of Po induced higher transcriptional expression of all PM H[+]-ATPase gene isoforms, with possible interactions between phosphatases and H[+]-ATPase genes in Vicia faba plants when exclusively reliant on N derived from nodule symbiosis. Overall, preliminary results suggest that Po could be used as an alternative nutrition in symbiotic crops to improve plant growth.},
}
@article {pmid38748380,
year = {2024},
author = {Ceballos-González, AV and da Silva, RC and Lima, LD and Kaminski, LA and Turatti, ICC and Lopes, NP and do Nascimento, FS},
title = {Influence of Host Plants and Tending Ants on the Cuticular Hydrocarbon Profile of a Generalist Myrmecophilous Caterpillar.},
journal = {Journal of chemical ecology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {38748380},
issn = {1573-1561},
support = {140313/2020-6//Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient&#xed;fico e Tecnol&#xf3;gico/ ; 05082/2018-5//Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient&#xed;fico e Tecnol&#xf3;gico/ ; 001//Coordena&#xe7;&#xe3;o de Aperfei&#xe7;oamento de Pessoal de N&#xed;vel Superior/ ; 001//Coordena&#xe7;&#xe3;o de Aperfei&#xe7;oamento de Pessoal de N&#xed;vel Superior/ ; 2018/22461-3//Funda&#xe7;&#xe3;o de Amparo &#xe0; Pesquisa do Estado de S&#xe3;o Paulo/ ; 2021/00984-7//Funda&#xe7;&#xe3;o de Amparo &#xe0; Pesquisa do Estado de S&#xe3;o Paulo/ ; 2021/05598-8//Funda&#xe7;&#xe3;o de Amparo &#xe0; Pesquisa do Estado de S&#xe3;o Paulo/ ; },
abstract = {In myrmecophilous organisms, which live in symbiosis with ants, cuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs) play a pivotal role in interspecific communication and defense against chemical-oriented predators. Although these interactions form complex information webs, little is known about the influence of biotic environmental factors on the CHC profiles of myrmecophiles. Here, we analyzed the effect of different host plants and tending ants on the larval CHC profile of Synargis calyce (Lepidoptera: Riodinidae), a polyphagous species with facultative myrmecophily. Groups of caterpillars were fed individually with three host plant species (without tending ants), and with two tending ant species. Through gas chromatography analysis, we compared the cuticular profiles of treatments and found a high similarity between plants and caterpillars (65-82%), but a low similarity between caterpillars and their tending ants (30 - 25%). Cluster analysis showed that caterpillars, ants, and plants form distinct groups, indicating that S. calyce caterpillars have their own chemical profile. These results are similar to those observed for Lycaenidae caterpillars indicating that there is functional convergence in the chemical strategies used by myrmecophilous caterpillar species with similar ecology. Also, the results suggest that the cuticular compounds of S. calyce are primarily influenced by their host plants rather than their tending ants. Thus, we propose that these caterpillars present a trade-off between camouflage and directly informing their presence to ants, maintaining their unique chemical profile, though slightly affected by biotic environmental factors.},
}
@article {pmid38747611,
year = {2024},
author = {Bouznif, B and Boukherissa, A and Jaszczyszyn, Y and Mars, M and Timchenko, T and Shykoff, JA and Alunni, B},
title = {Complete and circularized genome sequences of five nitrogen-fixing Bradyrhizobium sp. strains isolated from root nodules of peanut, Arachis hypogaea, cultivated in Tunisia.},
journal = {Microbiology resource announcements},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e0107823},
doi = {10.1128/mra.01078-23},
pmid = {38747611},
issn = {2576-098X},
abstract = {This manuscript reports the complete and circularized Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) long read-based genome sequences of five nitrogen-fixing symbionts belonging to the genus Bradyrhizobium, isolated from root nodules of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) grown on soil samples collected from Tunisia.},
}
@article {pmid38747602,
year = {2024},
author = {Sudo, M and Osvatic, J and Taylor, JD and Dufour, SC and Prathep, A and Wilkins, LGE and Rattei, T and Yuen, B and Petersen, JM},
title = {SoxY gene family expansion underpins adaptation to diverse hosts and environments in symbiotic sulfide oxidizers.},
journal = {mSystems},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e0113523},
doi = {10.1128/msystems.01135-23},
pmid = {38747602},
issn = {2379-5077},
abstract = {Sulfur-oxidizing bacteria (SOB) have developed distinct ecological strategies to obtain reduced sulfur compounds for growth. These range from specialists that can only use a limited range of reduced sulfur compounds to generalists that can use many different forms as electron donors. Forming intimate symbioses with animal hosts is another highly successful ecological strategy for SOB, as animals, through their behavior and physiology, can enable access to sulfur compounds. Symbioses have evolved multiple times in a range of animal hosts and from several lineages of SOB. They have successfully colonized a wide range of habitats, from seagrass beds to hydrothermal vents, with varying availability of symbiont energy sources. Our extensive analyses of sulfur transformation pathways in 234 genomes of symbiotic and free-living SOB revealed widespread conservation in metabolic pathways for sulfur oxidation in symbionts from different host species and environments, raising the question of how they have adapted to such a wide range of distinct habitats. We discovered a gene family expansion of soxY in these genomes, with up to five distinct copies per genome. Symbionts harboring only the "canonical" soxY were typically ecological "specialists" that are associated with specific host subfamilies or environments (e.g., hydrothermal vents, mangroves). Conversely, symbionts with multiple divergent soxY genes formed versatile associations across diverse hosts in various marine environments. We hypothesize that expansion and diversification of the soxY gene family could be one genomic mechanism supporting the metabolic flexibility of symbiotic SOB enabling them and their hosts to thrive in a range of different and dynamic environments.IMPORTANCESulfur metabolism is thought to be one of the most ancient mechanisms for energy generation in microorganisms. A diverse range of microorganisms today rely on sulfur oxidation for their metabolism. They can be free-living, or they can live in symbiosis with animal hosts, where they power entire ecosystems in the absence of light, such as in the deep sea. In the millions of years since they evolved, sulfur-oxidizing bacteria have adopted several highly successful strategies; some are ecological "specialists," and some are "generalists," but which genetic features underpin these ecological strategies are not well understood. We discovered a gene family that has become expanded in those species that also seem to be "generalists," revealing that duplication, repurposing, and reshuffling existing genes can be a powerful mechanism driving ecological lifestyle shifts.},
}
@article {pmid38747400,
year = {2024},
author = {Nguyen, HT and Zhao, M and Wang, T and Dang, BT and Geffen, AJ and Cummins, SF},
title = {Sea anemone-anemonefish symbiosis: Behavior and mucous protein profiling.},
journal = {Journal of fish biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/jfb.15772},
pmid = {38747400},
issn = {1095-8649},
support = {SRV13/0010//NORHED/ ; DP180103694//ARC/ ; },
abstract = {Fish species of the genus Amphiprion (Perciformes: Pomacentridae) seek protection from predators among the tentacles of sea anemones as their natural habitat, where they live essentially unharmed from stinging by the host's nematocysts. The skin mucus of these anemonefish has been suggested as a protective mechanism that prevents the discharge of the nematocysts upon contact. Whereas some anemonefish species seem to produce their own protective mucous coating, others may acquire mucus (or biomolecules within) from the sea anemone during an acclimation period. In controlled experiments, we show that Amphiprion ocellaris acclimated successfully to their natural host anemone species Stichodactyla gigantea, and also to Stichodactyla haddoni, and in some cases Heteractis crispa, neither of which are natural host species. No symbiosis was observed for three other anemone species tested, Entacmaea quadricolor, Macrodactyla doreensis, and Heteractis malu. We explored the skin mucous protein profile from naive and experienced A. ocellaris during their acclimation to natural and unnatural host anemones. We confidently report the presence of metabolic and structural proteins in the skin mucus of all samples, likely involved in immunological defense, molecular transport, stress response, and signal transduction. For those anemonefish that established symbiosis, there was a clear increase in ribosomal-type proteins. We additionally provide evidence for the presence of anemone proteins only in the skin mucus of individuals that established symbiosis. Our results support previous speculation of the role of skin mucous-associated proteins in anemonefish-anemone symbiosis. Further exploration of these mucosal proteins could reveal the mechanism of anemonefish acclimation to host anemones.},
}
@article {pmid38747391,
year = {2024},
author = {McGaley, J and Schneider, B and Paszkowski, U},
title = {The AMSlide for noninvasive time-lapse imaging of arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis.},
journal = {Journal of microscopy},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/jmi.13313},
pmid = {38747391},
issn = {1365-2818},
support = {//Cambridge Commonwealth, European &amp; International Trust/ ; G118688//Allan and Gill Gray Foundation/ ; },
abstract = {Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis, the nutritional partnership between AM fungi and most plant species, is globally ubiquitous and of great ecological and agricultural importance. Studying the processes of AM symbiosis is confounded by its highly spatiotemporally dynamic nature. While microscopy methods exist to probe the spatial side of this plant-fungal interaction, the temporal side remains more challenging, as reliable deep-tissue time-lapse imaging requires both symbiotic partners to remain undisturbed over prolonged time periods. Here, we introduce the AMSlide: a noninvasive, high-resolution, live-imaging system optimised for AM symbiosis research. We demonstrate the AMSlide's applications in confocal microscopy of mycorrhizal roots, from whole colonisation zones to subcellular structures, over timeframes from minutes to weeks. The AMSlide's versatility for different microscope set-ups, imaging techniques, and plant and fungal species is also outlined. It is hoped that the AMSlide will be applied in future research to fill in the temporal blanks in our understanding of AM symbiosis, as well as broader root and rhizosphere processes.},
}
@article {pmid38746546,
year = {2024},
author = {Li, H and Hu, X and Geng, X and Xiao, B and Miao, W and Xu, Z and Deng, Y and Jiang, B and Hou, Y},
title = {Competition mode and soil nutrient status shape the role of soil microbes in the diversity-invasibility relationship.},
journal = {Ecology and evolution},
volume = {14},
number = {5},
pages = {e11425},
pmid = {38746546},
issn = {2045-7758},
abstract = {Understanding the relationship between plant diversity and invasibility is essential in invasion ecology. Species-rich communities are hypothesized to be more resistant to invasions than species-poor communities. However, while soil microorganisms play a crucial role in regulating this diversity-invasibility relationship, the effects of plant competition mode and soil nutrient status on their role remain unclear. To address this, we conducted a two-stage greenhouse experiment. Soils were first conditioned by growing nine native species separately in them for 1 year, then mixed in various configurations with soils conditioned using one, three, or six species, respectively. Next, we inoculated the mixed soil into sterilized substrate soil and planted the alien species Rhus typhina and native species Ailanthus altissima as test plants. We set up two competition modes (intraspecific and interspecific) and two nutrient levels (fertilization using slow-release fertilizer and nonfertilization). Under intraspecific competition, regardless of fertilization, the biomass of the alien species was higher in soil conditioned by six native species. By contrast, under interspecific competition, the biomass increased without fertilization but remained stable with fertilization in soil conditioned by six native species. Analysis of soil microbes suggests that pathogens and symbiotic fungi in diverse plant communities influenced R. typhina growth, which varied with competition mode and nutrient status. Our findings suggest that the soil microbiome is pivotal in mediating the diversity-invasibility relationship, and this influence varies according to competition mode and nutrient status.},
}
@article {pmid38746196,
year = {2024},
author = {Andriienko, V and Buczek, M and Meier, R and Srivathsan, A and Łukasik, P and Kolasa, MR},
title = {Implementing high-throughput insect barcoding in microbiome studies: impact of non-destructive DNA extraction on microbiome reconstruction.},
journal = {bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1101/2024.04.30.591865},
pmid = {38746196},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Symbiotic relationships with diverse microorganisms are crucial for many aspects of insect biology. However, while our understanding of insect taxonomic diversity and the distribution of insect species in natural communities is limited, we know much less about their microbiota. In the era of rapid biodiversity declines, as researchers increasingly turn towards DNA-based monitoring, developing and broadly implementing approaches for high-throughput and cost-effective characterization of both insect and insect-associated microbial diversity is essential. We need to verify whether approaches such as high-throughput barcoding, a powerful tool for identifying wild insects, would permit subsequent microbiota reconstruction in these specimens.<br><br>METHODS: High-throughput barcoding ("megabarcoding") methods often rely on non-destructive approaches for obtaining template DNA for PCR amplification by leaching DNA out of insect specimens using alkaline buffers such as HotSHOT. This study investigated the impact of HotSHOT on microbial abundance estimates and the reconstructed bacterial community profiles. We addressed this question by comparing quantitative 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing data for HotSHOT-treated or untreated specimens of 16 insect species representing six orders and selected based on the expectation of limited variation among individuals.<br><br>RESULTS: We find that in 13 species, the treatment significantly reduced microbial abundance estimates, corresponding to an estimated 15-fold decrease in amplifiable 16S rRNA template on average. On the other hand, HotSHOT pre-treatment had a limited effect on microbial community composition. The reconstructed presence of abundant bacteria with known significant effects was not affected. On the other hand, we observed changes in the presence of low-abundance microbes, those close to the reliable detection threshold. Alpha and beta diversity analyses showed compositional differences in only a few species.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that HotSHOT pre-treated specimens remain suitable for microbial community composition reconstruction, even if abundance may be hard to estimate. These results indicate that we can cost-effectively combine barcoding with the study of microbiota across wild insect communities. Thus, the voucher specimens obtained using megabarcoding studies targeted at characterizing insect communities can be used for microbiome characterizations. This can substantially aid in speeding up the accumulation of knowledge on the microbiomes of abundant and hyperdiverse insect species.},
}
@article {pmid38746082,
year = {2024},
author = {Ebadi, M and Najari, S and Miandoab, LZ and Chaparzadeh, N and Ebadi, A},
title = {Mining Tamarix ramosissima roots for endophytic growth promoting fungi to improve wheat root growth.},
journal = {Research square},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.21203/rs.3.rs-4277791/v1},
pmid = {38746082},
abstract = {Endophytic fungi are commonly found in the root endosphere and can enhance plant growth through various mechanisms. The aim of this study was to isolate cultivable endophytic fungi associated with the roots of Tamarix ramosissima and to evaluate their plant growth promoting properties. About 35 isolated fungal endophytes belonging to the Ascomycota from four different genera were isolated from the endosphere of T. ramosissima : Alternaria , Aspergillus , Fusarium and Talaromyces . These fungal endophytes showed different abilities to solubilize phosphate and produce indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). The fungal isolates of T. allahabadensis (T3) and A. niger (T4) showed different efficiency in solubilizing phosphate. Almost all fungal isolates were able to produce IAA, and the highest value (0.699 µg/ml) was found in the isolate of F. solani (T11). Inoculation of wheat seeds with endophytic fungi significantly increased the initial growth of wheat roots. The results showed that inoculation with the endophytic fungus A. fumigatus T15 significantly increased root length by 75%. The extensive root system of T. ramosissima may be due to symbiosis with IAA-producing endophytic fungi, which enhance root development and water uptake in dry conditions. These fungi can also boost soil phosphorus levels, promoting plant growth.},
}
@article {pmid38745980,
year = {2024},
author = {Knobloch, S and Skirnisdóttir, S and Dubois, M and Mayolle, L and Kolypczuk, L and Leroi, F and Leeper, A and Passerini, D and Marteinsson, V&#xde;},
title = {The gut microbiome of farmed Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) is shaped by feeding stage and nutrient presence.},
journal = {FEMS microbes},
volume = {5},
number = {},
pages = {xtae011},
pmid = {38745980},
issn = {2633-6685},
abstract = {The gut microbiome plays an important role in maintaining health and productivity of farmed fish. However, the functional role of most gut microorganisms remains unknown. Identifying the stable members of the gut microbiota and understanding their functional roles could aid in the selection of positive traits or act as a proxy for fish health in aquaculture. Here, we analyse the gut microbial community of farmed juvenile Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) and reconstruct the metabolic potential of its main symbionts. The gut microbiota of Arctic char undergoes a succession in community composition during the first weeks post-hatch, with a decrease in Shannon diversity and the establishment of three dominant bacterial taxa. The genome of the most abundant bacterium, a Mycoplasma sp., shows adaptation to rapid growth in the nutrient-rich gut environment. The second most abundant taxon, a Brevinema sp., has versatile metabolic potential, including genes involved in host mucin degradation and utilization. However, during periods of absent gut content, a Ruminococcaceae bacterium becomes dominant, possibly outgrowing all other bacteria through the production of secondary metabolites involved in quorum sensing and cross-inhibition while benefiting the host through short-chain fatty acid production. Whereas Mycoplasma is often present as a symbiont in farmed salmonids, we show that the Ruminococcaceae species is also detected in wild Arctic char, suggesting a close evolutionary relationship between the host and this symbiotic bacterium.},
}
@article {pmid38745242,
year = {2024},
author = {Li, J and Du, J and Ding, G and Zhang, W and Zhou, Y and Xu, Y and Zhou, D and Sun, Y and Liu, X and Shen, B},
title = {Isolation, characterization and functional analysis of a bacteriophage targeting Culex pipiens pallens resistance-associated Aeromonas hydrophila.},
journal = {Parasites &amp; vectors},
volume = {17},
number = {1},
pages = {222},
pmid = {38745242},
issn = {1756-3305},
mesh = {Animals ; *Aeromonas hydrophila/virology/drug effects ; *Culex/virology/microbiology ; *Bacteriophages/physiology/isolation &amp; purification/genetics ; *Insecticide Resistance ; *Pyrethrins/pharmacology ; *Nitriles/pharmacology ; Insecticides/pharmacology ; Mosquito Vectors/virology/microbiology ; Female ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Culex pipiens pallens is a well-known mosquito vector for several diseases. Deltamethrin, a commonly used pyrethroid insecticide, has been frequently applied to manage adult Cx. pipiens pallens. However, mosquitoes can develop resistance to these insecticides as a result of insecticide misuse and, therefore, it is crucial to identify novel methods to control insecticide resistance. The relationship between commensal bacteria and vector resistance has been recently recognized. Bacteriophages (= phages) are effective tools by which to control insect commensal bacteria, but there have as yet been no studies using phages on adult mosquitoes. In this study, we isolated an Aeromonas phage vB AhM-LH that specifically targets resistance-associated symbiotic bacteria in mosquitoes. We investigated the impact of Aeromonas phage vB AhM-LH in an abundance of Aeromonas hydrophila in the gut of Cx. pipiens pallens and its effect on the status of deltamethrin resistance.<br><br>METHODS: Phages were isolated on double-layer agar plates and their biological properties analyzed. Phage morphology was observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) after negative staining. The phage was then introduced into the mosquito intestines via oral feeding. The inhibitory effect of Aeromonas phage vB AhM-LH on Aeromonas hydrophila in mosquito intestines was assessed through quantitative real-time PCR analysis. Deltamethrin resistance of mosquitoes was assessed using WHO bottle bioassays.<br><br>RESULTS: An Aeromonas phage vB AhM-LH was isolated from sewage and identified as belonging to the Myoviridae family in the order Caudovirales using TEM. Based on biological characteristics analysis and in vitro antibacterial experiments, Aeromonas phage vB AhM-LH was observed to exhibit excellent stability and effective bactericidal activity. Sequencing revealed that the Aeromonas phage vB AhM-LH genome comprises 43,663&#xa0;bp (51.6% CG content) with 81 predicted open reading frames. No integrase-related gene was detected in the vB AH-LH genome, which marked it as a potential biological antibacterial. Finally, we found that Aeromonas phage vB AhM-LH could significantly reduce deltamethrin resistance in Cx. pipiens pallens, in both the laboratory and field settings, by decreasing the abundance of Aeromonas hydrophila in their midgut.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Our findings demonstrate that Aeromonas phage vB AhM-LH could effectively modulate commensal bacteria Aeromonas hydrophila in adult mosquitoes, thus representing a promising strategy to mitigate mosquito vector resistance.},
}
@article {pmid38744663,
year = {2024},
author = {Hartmann, A and Binder, T and Rothballer, M},
title = {Quorum sensing related activities of beneficial and pathogenic bacteria have important implications for plant and human health.},
journal = {FEMS microbiology ecology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/femsec/fiae076},
pmid = {38744663},
issn = {1574-6941},
abstract = {Eukaryotic organisms co-evolved with microbes from the environment forming holobiotic meta-genomic units. Members of host-associated microbiomes have commensalic, benefical / symbiotic or pathogenic phenotypes. More than 100 years ago, Lorenz Hiltner, pioneer of soil microbiology, introduced the term "Rhizosphere" to characterize the observation that a high density of saprophytic, beneficial and pathogenic microbes are attracted by root exudates. The balance between these types of microbes decide about the health of the host. Nowadays we know, that for the interaction of microbes with all eukaryotic hosts similar principles and processes of cooperative and competitive functions are in action. Small diffusible molecules like (phyto)hormones, volatiles and quorum sensing signals are examples for mediators of interspecies and cross-kingdom interactions. Quorum sensing (QS) of bacteria is mediated by different auto-inducible metabolites in a density dependent manner. In this perspective publication, the role of QS-related activities for the health of hosts will be discussed focussing mostly on N-acyl-homoserine lactones (AHL). It is also considered that in some cases very close phylogenetic relations exist between plant beneficial and opportunistic human pathogenic bacteria. Based on a genome and system-targeted new understanding, sociomicrobiological solutions are possible for the biocontrol of diseases and the health improvement of eukaryotic hosts.},
}
@article {pmid38744580,
year = {2024},
author = {Bauer, M and Ermolaeva, M and Singer, M and Wetzker, R and Soares, MP},
title = {Hormesis as an adaptive response to infection.},
journal = {Trends in molecular medicine},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.molmed.2024.04.012},
pmid = {38744580},
issn = {1471-499X},
abstract = {Hormesis is a phenomenon whereby low-level stress can improve cellular, organ, or organismal fitness in response to a subsequent similar or other stress insult. Whereas hormesis is thought to contribute to the fitness benefits arising from symbiotic host-microbe interactions, the putative benefits of hormesis in host-pathogen interactions have yet to be explored. Hormetic responses have nonetheless been reported in experimental models of infection, a common feature of which is regulation of host mitochondrial function. We propose that these mitohormetic responses could be harnessed therapeutically to limit the severity of infectious diseases.},
}
@article {pmid38744492,
year = {2024},
author = {Frolová, P and van der Veer, E and Fransen, CHJM and Duriš, Z},
title = {A review of Palaemonella (Decapoda: Caridea: Palaemonidae), with clarification of the taxonomic status of Cuapetes americanus, Eupontonia and Vir.},
journal = {Invertebrate systematics},
volume = {38},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1071/IS23055},
pmid = {38744492},
issn = {1447-2600},
mesh = {Animals ; *Phylogeny ; *Palaemonidae/classification/genetics ; Species Specificity ; },
abstract = {The pantropical genus Palaemonella Dana, 1852 (Caridea: Palaemonidae) currently includes 27 species of free-living and symbiotic marine shrimps. The monophyly of Palaemonella with respect to several closely related genera, however, has been questioned by recent analyses. We tested the monophyly of Palaemonella based on multigene phylogenetic analysis and the genus was revealed to be a paraphyletic assemblage by inclusion of species of the genera Eupontonia Bruce, 1971 and Vir Holthuis, 1952, and two genetic lineages of the western Atlantic Cuapetes americanus (Kingsley, 1878). We recognise one of the latter lineages as the previously described Periclimenes rhizophorae Lebour, 1949. Eupontonia and Vir are synonymised with Palaemonella . We also transfer Cuapetes americanus and Periclimenes rhizophorae to Palaemonella . Species previously assigned to Vir were revised; V. colemani Bruce, 2003, V. orientalis (Dana, 1852), V. philippinensis Bruce &amp; Svoboda, 1984 and V. smiti Fransen &amp; Holthuis, 2007 are regarded as valid species of Palaemonella ; Vir longidactylus Marin, 2008 is synonymised with P. smiti ; and the status of V. euphyllius Marin &amp; Anker, 2005 remains unresolved. Palaemonella is currently regarded as a taxon with variable states of two main diagnostic characters, i.e. the plesiomorphic mandibular palp (fully reduced in P. americana) and the hepatic tooth (fully reduced in former species of Vir and Eupontonia - evidently due to symbiotic modes of life). ZooBank: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:7EEBC655-7EDE-4E46-BCB2-2A3BA16ED7DD.},
}
@article {pmid38744396,
year = {2024},
author = {Xing, F and Zhang, H and Zhao, H and Sun, B and Wang, T and Guo, K and Dong, K and Gu, S and Wang, L},
title = {Novel insights into intrinsic mechanisms of magnetic field on long-term performance of anaerobic ammonium oxidation process.},
journal = {Bioresource technology},
volume = {402},
number = {},
pages = {130839},
doi = {10.1016/j.biortech.2024.130839},
pmid = {38744396},
issn = {1873-2976},
abstract = {The performance of an anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) reactor with the magnetic field of 40 mT was systematically investigated. The total nitrogen removal rate was enhanced by 16% compared with that of the control group. The enhancing mechanism was elucidated from the improved mass transfer efficiency, the complicated symbiotic interspecific relationship and the improved levels of functional genes. The magnetic field promoted formation of the loose anammox granular sludge and the homogeneous and well-connected porous structure to enhance the mass transfer. Consequently, Candidatus Brocadia predominated in the sludge with an increase in abundance of 13%. Network analysis showed that the positive interactions between Candidatus Brocadia and heterotrophic bacteria were strengthened, which established a more complicated stable microbial community. Moreover, the magnetic field increased the levels of hdh by 26% and hzs by 35% to promote the nitrogen metabolic process. These results provided novel insights into the magnetic field-enhanced anammox process.},
}
@article {pmid38744061,
year = {2024},
author = {Zhu, S and Tan, Z and Guo, Z and Zheng, H and Zhang, B and Qin, Z and Xie, J and Lin, Y and Sheng, B and Qiu, G and Preis, S and Wei, C},
title = {Symbiotic virus-bacteria interactions in biological treatment of coking wastewater manipulating bacterial physiological activities.},
journal = {Water research},
volume = {257},
number = {},
pages = {121741},
doi = {10.1016/j.watres.2024.121741},
pmid = {38744061},
issn = {1879-2448},
abstract = {Biological treatment is commonly used in coking wastewater (CWW) treatment. Prokaryotic microbial communities in CWW treatment have been comprehensively studied. However, viruses, as the critical microorganisms affecting microbial processes and thus engineering parameters, still remain poorly understood in CWW treatment context. Employing viromics sequencing, the composition and function of the viral community in CWW treatment were discovered, revealing novel viral communities and key auxiliary metabolic functions. Caudovirales appeared to be the predominant viral order in the oxic-hydrolytic-oxic (OHO) CWW treatment combination, showing relative abundances of 62.47 %, 56.64 % and 92.20 % in bioreactors O1, H and O2, respectively. At the family level, Myoviridae, Podoviridae and Siphoviridae mainly prevailed in bioreactors O1 and H while Phycodnaviridae dominated in O2. A total of 56.23-92.24% of novel viral contigs defied family-level characterization in this distinct CWW habitat. The virus-host prediction results revealed most viruses infecting the specific functional taxa Pseudomonas, Acidovorax and Thauera in the entire OHO combination, demonstrating the viruses affecting bacterial physiology and pollutants removal from CWW. Viral auxiliary metabolic genes (AMGs) were screened, revealing their involvement in the metabolism of contaminants and toxicity tolerance. In the bioreactor O1, AMGs were enriched in detoxification and phosphorus ingestion, where glutathione S-transferase (GSTs) and beta-ketoadipyl CoA thiolase (fadA) participated in biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and phenols, respectively. In the bioreactors H and O2, the AMGs focused on cell division and epicyte formation of the hosts, where GDPmannose 4,6-dehydratase (gmd) related to lipopolysaccharides biosynthesis was considered to play an important role in the growth of nitrifiers. The diversities of viruses and AMGs decreased along the CWW treatment process, pointing to a reinforced virus-host adaptive strategy in stressful operation environments. In this study, the symbiotic virus-bacteria interaction patterns were proposed with a theoretical basis for promoting CWW biological treatment efficiency. The findings filled the gaps in the virus-bacteria interactions at the full-scale CWW treatment and provided great value for understanding the mechanism of biological toxicity and sludge activity in industrial wastewater treatment.},
}
@article {pmid38743471,
year = {2024},
author = {Martinez-Romero, E and Peix, A and Hungria, M and Mousavi, SA and Martinez-Romero, J and Young, P},
title = {Guidelines for the description of rhizobial symbiovars.},
journal = {International journal of systematic and evolutionary microbiology},
volume = {74},
number = {5},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1099/ijsem.0.006373},
pmid = {38743471},
issn = {1466-5034},
mesh = {*Symbiosis ; *Rhizobium/genetics/classification ; Fabaceae/microbiology ; Nitrogen Fixation ; Root Nodules, Plant/microbiology ; Guidelines as Topic ; },
abstract = {Rhizobia are bacteria that form nitrogen-fixing nodules in legume plants. The sets of genes responsible for both nodulation and nitrogen fixation are carried in plasmids or genomic islands that are often mobile. Different strains within a species sometimes have different host specificities, while very similar symbiosis genes may be found in strains of different species. These specificity variants are known as symbiovars, and many of them have been given names, but there are no established guidelines for defining or naming them. Here, we discuss the requirements for guidelines to describe symbiovars, propose a set of guidelines, provide a list of all symbiovars for which descriptions have been published so far, and offer a mechanism to maintain a list in the future.},
}
@article {pmid38742878,
year = {2024},
author = {Mies, US and Hervé, V and Kropp, T and Platt, K and Sillam-Dussès, D and Šobotník, J and Brune, A},
title = {Genome reduction and horizontal gene transfer in the evolution of Endomicrobia-rise and fall of an intracellular symbiosis with termite gut flagellates.},
journal = {mBio},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e0082624},
doi = {10.1128/mbio.00826-24},
pmid = {38742878},
issn = {2150-7511},
abstract = {Bacterial endosymbionts of eukaryotic hosts typically experience massive genome reduction, but the underlying evolutionary processes are often obscured by the lack of free-living relatives. Endomicrobia, a family-level lineage of host-associated bacteria in the phylum Elusimicrobiota that comprises both free-living representatives and endosymbionts of termite gut flagellates, are an excellent model to study evolution of intracellular symbionts. We reconstructed 67 metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) of Endomicrobiaceae among more than 1,700 MAGs from the gut microbiota of a wide range of termites. Phylogenomic analysis confirmed a sister position of representatives from termites and ruminants, and allowed to propose eight new genera in the radiation of Endomicrobiaceae. Comparative genome analysis documented progressive genome erosion in the new genus Endomicrobiellum, which comprises all flagellate endosymbionts characterized to date. Massive gene losses were accompanied by the acquisition of new functions by horizontal gene transfer, which led to a shift from a glucose-based energy metabolism to one based on sugar phosphates. The breakdown of glycolysis and many anabolic pathways for amino acids and cofactors in several subgroups was compensated by the independent acquisition of new uptake systems, including an ATP/ADP antiporter, from other gut microbiota. The putative donors are mostly flagellate endosymbionts from other bacterial phyla, including several, hitherto unknown lineages of uncultured Alphaproteobacteria, documenting the importance of horizontal gene transfer in the convergent evolution of these intracellular symbioses. The loss of almost all biosynthetic capacities in some lineages of Endomicrobiellum suggests that their originally mutualistic relationship with flagellates is on its decline.IMPORTANCEUnicellular eukaryotes are frequently colonized by bacterial and archaeal symbionts. A prominent example are the cellulolytic gut flagellates of termites, which harbor diverse but host-specific bacterial symbionts that occur exclusively in termite guts. One of these lineages, the so-called Endomicrobia, comprises both free-living and endosymbiotic representatives, which offers the unique opportunity to study the evolutionary processes underpinning the transition from a free-living to an intracellular lifestyle. Our results revealed a progressive gene loss in energy metabolism and biosynthetic pathways, compensated by the acquisition of new functions via horizontal gene transfer from other gut bacteria, and suggest the eventual breakdown of an initially mutualistic symbiosis. Evidence for convergent evolution of unrelated endosymbionts reflects adaptations to the intracellular environment of termite gut flagellates.},
}
@article {pmid38742310,
year = {2024},
author = {Le Noir de Carlan, C and Kaarlejärvi, E and De Tender, C and Heinecke, T and Eskelinen, A and Verbruggen, E},
title = {Shifts in mycorrhizal types of fungi and plants in response to fertilisation, warming and herbivory in a tundra grassland.},
journal = {The New phytologist},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/nph.19816},
pmid = {38742310},
issn = {1469-8137},
support = {353783//Suomen Kulttuurirahasto/ ; 297191//Research Council of Finland/ ; 351089//Research Council of Finland/ ; 813114//FP7 People: Marie-Curie Actions/ ; },
abstract = {Climate warming is severely affecting high-latitude regions. In the Arctic tundra, it may lead to enhanced soil nutrient availability and interact with simultaneous changes in grazing pressure. It is presently unknown how these concurrently occurring global change drivers affect the root-associated fungal communities, particularly mycorrhizal fungi, and whether changes coincide with shifts in plant mycorrhizal types. We investigated changes in root-associated fungal communities and mycorrhizal types of the plant community in a 10-yr factorial experiment with warming, fertilisation and grazing exclusion in a Finnish tundra grassland. The strongest determinant of the root-associated fungal community was fertilisation, which consistently increased potential plant pathogen abundance and had contrasting effects on the different mycorrhizal fungal types, contingent on other treatments. Plant mycorrhizal types went through pronounced shifts, with warming favouring ecto- and ericoid mycorrhiza but not under fertilisation and grazing exclusion. Combination of all treatments resulted in dominance by arbuscular mycorrhizal plants. However, shifts in plant mycorrhizal types vs fungi were mostly but not always aligned in their magnitude and direction. Our results show that our ability to predict shifts in symbiotic and antagonistic fungal communities depend on simultaneous consideration of multiple global change factors that jointly alter plant and fungal communities.},
}
@article {pmid38741469,
year = {2024},
author = {Shi, L and Wang, Z and Chen, JH and Qiu, H and Liu, WD and Zhang, XY and Martin, FM and Zhao, MW},
title = {LbSakA-mediated phosphorylation of the scaffolding protein LbNoxR in the ectomycorrhizal basidiomycete Laccaria bicolor regulates NADPH oxidase activity, ROS accumulation and symbiosis development.},
journal = {The New phytologist},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/nph.19813},
pmid = {38741469},
issn = {1469-8137},
support = {ANR-11-LABX-0002-01//The Laboratory of Excellence ARBRE/ ; CARS20//The China Agriculture Research System of the MOF and MARA/ ; 2022YFD1200602//The National Key Research and Development Project of P. R. China/ ; (2024)171//the Project of Science and Technology Programs of Guizhou Province/ ; },
abstract = {Ectomycorrhizal symbiosis, which involves mutually beneficial interactions between soil fungi and tree roots, is essential for promoting tree growth. To establish this symbiotic relationship, fungal symbionts must initiate and sustain mutualistic interactions with host plants while avoiding host defense responses. This study investigated the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by fungal NADPH oxidase (Nox) in the development of Laccaria bicolor/Populus tremula × alba symbiosis. Our findings revealed that L. bicolor LbNox expression was significantly higher in ectomycorrhizal roots than in free-living mycelia. RNAi was used to silence LbNox, which resulted in decreased ROS signaling, limited formation of the Hartig net, and a lower mycorrhizal formation rate. Using Y2H library screening, BiFC and Co-IP, we demonstrated an interaction between the mitogen-activated protein kinase LbSakA and LbNoxR. LbSakA-mediated phosphorylation of LbNoxR at T409, T477 and T480 positively modulates LbNox activity, ROS accumulation and upregulation of symbiosis-related genes involved in dampening host defense reactions. These results demonstrate that regulation of fungal ROS metabolism is critical for maintaining the mutualistic interaction between L. bicolor and P. tremula × alba. Our findings also highlight a novel and complex regulatory mechanism governing the development of symbiosis, involving both transcriptional and posttranslational regulation of gene networks.},
}
@article {pmid38741264,
year = {2024},
author = {Gao, Y and Qu, D and Zhou, M and Tang, R and Ye, J and Li, X and Wang, Y},
title = {Rhizobial-induced phosphatase GmPP2C61A positively regulates soybean nodulation.},
journal = {Physiologia plantarum},
volume = {176},
number = {3},
pages = {e14341},
doi = {10.1111/ppl.14341},
pmid = {38741264},
issn = {1399-3054},
support = {32272074//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 31872873//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 2022CFB172//Natural Science Foundation of Hubei province of China/ ; NZ2021013//Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture Project/ ; },
mesh = {*Glycine max/genetics/microbiology/physiology ; *Plant Root Nodulation/genetics ; *Plant Proteins/metabolism/genetics ; *Nitrogen Fixation ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; *Symbiosis/genetics ; Rhizobium/physiology ; Root Nodules, Plant/genetics/microbiology/metabolism ; Plants, Genetically Modified ; Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases/metabolism/genetics ; Plant Roots/genetics/microbiology/metabolism ; },
abstract = {Symbiotic nitrogen fixation (SNF) is crucial for legumes, providing them with the nitrogen necessary for plant growth and development. Nodulation is the first step in the establishment of SNF. However, the determinant genes in soybean nodulation and the understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms governing nodulation are still limited. Herein, we identified a phosphatase, GmPP2C61A, which was specifically induced by rhizobia inoculation. Using transgenic hairy roots harboring GmPP2C61A::GUS, we showed that GmPP2C61A was mainly induced in epidermal cells following rhizobia inoculation. Functional analysis revealed that knockdown or knock-out of GmPP2C61A significantly reduced the number of nodules, while overexpression of GmPP2C61A promoted nodule formation. Additionally, GmPP2C61A protein was mainly localized in the cytoplasm and exhibited conserved phosphatase activity in vitro. Our findings suggest that phosphatase GmPP2C61A serves as a critical regulator in soybean nodulation, highlighting its potential significance in enhancing symbiotic nitrogen fixation.},
}
@article {pmid38741135,
year = {2024},
author = {Cai, H and McLimans, CJ and Jiang, H and Chen, F and Krumholz, LR and Hambright, KD},
title = {Aerobic anoxygenic phototrophs play important roles in nutrient cycling within cyanobacterial Microcystis bloom microbiomes.},
journal = {Microbiome},
volume = {12},
number = {1},
pages = {88},
pmid = {38741135},
issn = {2049-2618},
support = {Grant 2018YFA0903000//National Key Research and Development Program of China/ ; DEB-1831061//National Science Foundation/ ; DEB-1831061//National Science Foundation/ ; DEB-1831061//National Science Foundation/ ; DEB-1831061//National Science Foundation/ ; BK20191508//Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province of China/ ; },
mesh = {*Microcystis/genetics/metabolism/growth &amp; development ; *Microbiota ; China ; *Lakes/microbiology ; Nutrients/metabolism ; Phototrophic Processes ; Aerobiosis ; Eutrophication ; Bacteria/classification/metabolism/genetics/isolation &amp; purification ; Nitrogen/metabolism ; Carbon/metabolism ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: During the bloom season, the colonial cyanobacterium Microcystis forms complex aggregates which include a diverse microbiome within an exopolymer matrix. Early research postulated a simple mutualism existing with bacteria benefitting from the rich source of fixed carbon and Microcystis receiving recycled nutrients. Researchers have since hypothesized that Microcystis aggregates represent a community of synergistic and interacting species, an interactome, each with unique metabolic capabilities that are critical to the growth, maintenance, and demise of Microcystis blooms. Research has also shown that aggregate-associated bacteria are taxonomically different from free-living bacteria in the surrounding water. Moreover, research has identified little overlap in functional potential between Microcystis and members of its microbiome, further supporting the interactome concept. However, we still lack verification of general interaction and know little about the taxa and metabolic pathways supporting nutrient and metabolite cycling within Microcystis aggregates.<br><br>RESULTS: During a 7-month study of bacterial communities comparing free-living and aggregate-associated bacteria in Lake Taihu, China, we found that aerobic anoxygenic phototrophic (AAP) bacteria were significantly more abundant within Microcystis aggregates than in free-living samples, suggesting a possible functional role for AAP bacteria in overall aggregate community function. We then analyzed gene composition in 102 high-quality metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) of bloom-microbiome bacteria from 10 lakes spanning four continents, compared with 12 complete Microcystis genomes which revealed that microbiome bacteria and Microcystis possessed complementary biochemical pathways that could serve in C, N, S, and P cycling. Mapping published transcripts from Microcystis blooms onto a comprehensive AAP and non-AAP bacteria MAG database (226 MAGs) indicated that observed high levels of expression of genes involved in nutrient cycling pathways were in AAP bacteria.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Our results provide strong corroboration of the hypothesized Microcystis interactome and the first evidence that AAP bacteria may play an important role in nutrient cycling within Microcystis aggregate microbiomes. Video Abstract.},
}
@article {pmid38740753,
year = {2024},
author = {Nanes Sarfati, D and Xue, Y and Song, ES and Byrne, A and Le, D and Darmanis, S and Quake, SR and Burlacot, A and Sikes, J and Wang, B},
title = {Coordinated wound responses in a regenerative animal-algal holobiont.},
journal = {Nature communications},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {4032},
pmid = {38740753},
issn = {2041-1723},
support = {1R35GM138061//U.S. Department of Health &amp; Human Services | NIH | National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS)/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Symbiosis ; *Regeneration/physiology ; *Photosynthesis ; Chlorophyta/genetics ; Transcription Factors/metabolism/genetics ; },
abstract = {Animal regeneration involves coordinated responses across cell types throughout the animal body. In endosymbiotic animals, whether and how symbionts react to host injury and how cellular responses are integrated across species remain unexplored. Here, we study the acoel Convolutriloba longifissura, which hosts symbiotic Tetraselmis sp. green algae and can regenerate entire bodies from tissue fragments. We show that animal injury causes a decline in the photosynthetic efficiency of the symbiotic algae, alongside two distinct, sequential waves of transcriptional responses in acoel and algal cells. The initial algal response is characterized by the upregulation of a cohort of photosynthesis-related genes, though photosynthesis is not necessary for regeneration. A conserved animal transcription factor, runt, is induced after injury and required for acoel regeneration. Knockdown of Cl-runt dampens transcriptional responses in both species and further reduces algal photosynthetic efficiency post-injury. Our results suggest that the holobiont functions as an integrated unit of biological organization by coordinating molecular networks across species through the runt-dependent animal regeneration program.},
}
@article {pmid38737317,
year = {2024},
author = {Kchikich, A and Roussi, Z and Krid, A and Nhhala, N and Ennoury, A and Benmrid, B and Kounnoun, A and El Maadoudi, M and Nhiri, N and Mohamed, N},
title = {Effects of mycorrhizal symbiosis and Ulva lactuca seaweed extract on growth, carbon/nitrogen metabolism, and antioxidant response in cadmium-stressed sorghum plant.},
journal = {Physiology and molecular biology of plants : an international journal of functional plant biology},
volume = {30},
number = {4},
pages = {605-618},
pmid = {38737317},
issn = {0971-5894},
abstract = {In our study on the effect of cadmium (Cd) toxicity (200 µM) on the growth of Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench plants, cultivated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) (Glomus intraradices) and/or under seaweed treatment (3% Ulva lactuca extract) (U. lactuca), we found that AMF increased the tolerance of sorghum to cadmium stress, either alone or in combination with the seaweed treatment. Morphological parameters were higher in these two culture conditions, with increased chlorophyll content. AMF reduced Cd accumulation in roots and inhibited its translocation to the aerial part, while seaweed treatment alone significantly increased Cd accumulation in leaves and roots without affecting plant growth compared to stressed witnesses. Treatment with AMF and/or U. lactuca attenuated oxidative stress, measured by activation of superoxide dismutase, and resulted in a significant decrease in malondialdehyde and superoxide ions (O2[-]) in treated plants. Furthermore, it induced significant alterations in carbon and nitrogen metabolic pathways, with a significant increase in the activity of enzymes such as glutamine synthetase, glutamate synthase (GOGAT), glutamate dehydrogenase, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase, aspartate aminotransferase and isocitrate dehydrogenase in the leaves of each treated plant. These results confirm that AMF, U. lactuca algae extract and their combination can improve the biochemical parameters of sorghum under Cd stress, through modification of the antioxidant response on one hand, and improved nitrogen absorption and assimilation efficiency on the other.},
}
@article {pmid38736443,
year = {2024},
author = {Aparicio Chacón, MV and Hernández Luelmo, S and Devlieghere, V and Robichez, L and Leroy, T and Stuer, N and De Keyser, A and Ceulemans, E and Goossens, A and Goormachtig, S and Van Dingenen, J},
title = {Exploring the potential role of four Rhizophagus irregularis nuclear effectors: opportunities and technical limitations.},
journal = {Frontiers in plant science},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1384496},
pmid = {38736443},
issn = {1664-462X},
abstract = {Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are obligate symbionts that interact with the roots of most land plants. The genome of the AMF model species Rhizophagus irregularis contains hundreds of predicted small effector proteins that are secreted extracellularly but also into the plant cells to suppress plant immunity and modify plant physiology to establish a niche for growth. Here, we investigated the role of four nuclear-localized putative effectors, i.e., GLOIN707, GLOIN781, GLOIN261, and RiSP749, in mycorrhization and plant growth. We initially intended to execute the functional studies in Solanum lycopersicum, a host plant of economic interest not previously used for AMF effector biology, but extended our studies to the model host Medicago truncatula as well as the non-host Arabidopsis thaliana because of the technical advantages of working with these models. Furthermore, for three effectors, the implementation of reverse genetic tools, yeast two-hybrid screening and whole-genome transcriptome analysis revealed potential host plant nuclear targets and the downstream triggered transcriptional responses. We identified and validated a host protein interactors participating in mycorrhization in the host.S. lycopersicum and demonstrated by transcriptomics the effectors possible involvement in different molecular processes, i.e., the regulation of DNA replication, methylglyoxal detoxification, and RNA splicing. We conclude that R. irregularis nuclear-localized effector proteins may act on different pathways to modulate symbiosis and plant physiology and discuss the pros and cons of the tools used.},
}
@article {pmid38736179,
year = {2024},
author = {Wang, W and Fu, R and Gao, R and Luo, L and Wang, Z and Xue, Y and Sun, J and Pan, M and Hong, M and Qiao, L and Qiao, W and Mei, Q and Wu, J and Wang, Y and Zhong, Y and Liu, J and Tong, F},
title = {H2S-Powered Nanomotors for Active Therapy of Tumors by Inducing Ferroptosis and Lactate-Pyruvate Axis Disorders.},
journal = {ACS biomaterials science &amp; engineering},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c01665},
pmid = {38736179},
issn = {2373-9878},
abstract = {Disruption of the symbiosis of extra/intratumoral metabolism is a good strategy for treating tumors that shuttle resources from the tumor microenvironment. Here, we report a precision treatment strategy for enhancing pyruvic acid and intratumoral acidosis to destroy tumoral metabolic symbiosis to eliminate tumors; this approach is based on PEGylated gold and lactate oxidase-modified aminated dendritic mesoporous silica with lonidamine and ferrous sulfide loading (PEG-Au@DMSNs/FeS/LND@LOX). In the tumor microenvironment, LOX oxidizes lactic acid to produce pyruvate, which represses tumor cell proliferation by inhibiting histone gene expression and induces ferroptosis by partial histone monoubiquitination. In acidic tumor conditions, the nanoparticles release H2S gas and Fe[2+] ions, which can inhibit catalase activity to promote the Fenton reaction of Fe[2+], resulting in massive ·OH production and ferroptosis via Fe[3+]. More interestingly, the combination of H2S and LND (a monocarboxylic acid transporter inhibitor) can cause intracellular acidosis by lactate, and protons overaccumulate in cells. Multiple intracellular acidosis is caused by lactate-pyruvate axis disorders. Moreover, H2S provides motive power to intensify the shuttling of nanoparticles in the tumor region. The findings confirm that this nanomedicine system can enable precise antitumor effects by disrupting extra/intratumoral metabolic symbiosis and inducing ferroptosis and represents a promising active drug delivery system candidate for tumor treatment.},
}
@article {pmid38735962,
year = {2024},
author = {Chen, X and Li, L and He, Y},
title = {Epiphytic and endophytic bacteria on Camellia oleifera phyllosphere: exploring region and cultivar effect.},
journal = {BMC ecology and evolution},
volume = {24},
number = {1},
pages = {62},
pmid = {38735962},
issn = {2730-7182},
support = {31600515//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 31600515//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 31600515//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 2019JJ50999//the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province, China/ ; 2019JJ50999//the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province, China/ ; 2019JJ50999//the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province, China/ ; JA-22-03-01//Guangxi Key Laboratory of Special Non-wood Forest Cultivation &amp; Utilization/ ; JA-22-03-01//Guangxi Key Laboratory of Special Non-wood Forest Cultivation &amp; Utilization/ ; JA-22-03-01//Guangxi Key Laboratory of Special Non-wood Forest Cultivation &amp; Utilization/ ; },
mesh = {*Camellia/microbiology ; *Endophytes/physiology/genetics/isolation &amp; purification ; *Bacteria/classification/isolation &amp; purification/genetics ; China ; *Plant Leaves/microbiology ; *Microbiota ; Biodiversity ; },
abstract = {The epiphytic and endophytic bacteria play an important role in the healthy growth of plants. Both plant species and growth environmental influence the bacterial population diversity, yet it is inconclusive whether it is the former or the latter that has a greater impact. To explore the communities of the epiphytic and endophytic microbes in Camellia oleifera, this study assessed three representative C. oleifera cultivars from three areas in Hunan, China by Illumina high-throughput sequencing. The results showed that the diversity and species richness of endophytic microbial community in leaves were significantly higher than those of microbial community in the epiphytic. The diversity and species richness of epiphytic and endophytic microbes are complex when the same cultivar was grown in different areas. The C. oleifera cultivars grown in Youxian had the highest diversity of epiphytic microbial community, but the lowest abundance, while the cultivars grown in Changsha had the highest diversity and species richness of endophytic microbes in leaves. It was concluded that the dominant phylum mainly included Proteobacteria, Actinobacteriota and Firmicutes through the analysis of the epiphytic and endophytic microbial communities of C. oleifera. The species and relative abundances of epiphytic and endophytic microbial community were extremely different at the genus level. The analysis of NMDS map and PERMANOVA shows that the species richness and diversity of microbial communities in epiphytes are greatly influenced by region. However, the community structure of endophytic microorganisms in leaves is influenced by region and cultivated varieties, but the influence of cultivars is more significant. Molecular ecological network analysis showed that the symbiotic interaction of epiphytic microbial community was more complex.},
}
@article {pmid38735311,
year = {2024},
author = {Zhang, Y and Chen, L and Wang, M and Lu, J and Zhang, H and Héroux, P and Wang, G and Tang, L and Liu, Y},
title = {Evaluating micro-nano bubbles coupled with rice-crayfish co-culture systems: A field study promoting sustainable rice production intensification.},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
volume = {933},
number = {},
pages = {173162},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173162},
pmid = {38735311},
issn = {1879-1026},
abstract = {Traditional rice-fish symbiosis systems efficiently use soil and water resources but the adverse effects of prolonged flooding on the stability of rice growth can be mitigated. The feasibility and efficacy of injecting micro-nano bubbles (MNBs) in rice-crayfish co-cultures was investigated in a 22-hectare field experiment conducted over five months. This injection significantly enhanced the growth of both rice and crayfish, and increased total nitrogen and phosphorus levels in the soil, thereby augmenting fertility. Analysis of dissolved oxygen (DO), water temperature and gene expression (rice and crayfish) clarified that micro-nano bubbles (MNBs) foster an optimal environment for rice root respiration, whereas rice establishes an optimal temperature for crayfish, thereby enhancing their activity and growth. Comparative analyses of gene expression profiles and metabolic pathway enrichment revealed that the injection of MNBs diversifies soil microbial communities and intensifies biological processes, such as plant hormone signal transduction. This was in marked contrast to the situation in our controls, rice monoculture (R) and micro-nano bubbles rice monoculture (MNB-R). The combination of rice-fish symbiosis with MNBs led to a 26.8 % increase in rice production and to an estimated 35 % improvement in economic efficiency. Overall, this research introduces an innovative and environmentally sustainable method to boost rice yields, thereby enhancing food security and providing additional income for farmers.},
}
@article {pmid38735241,
year = {2024},
author = {Huang, W and Wang, D and Zhang, XX and Zhao, M and Sun, L and Zhou, Y and Guan, X and Xie, Z},
title = {Regulatory roles of the second messenger c-di-GMP in beneficial plant-bacteria interactions.},
journal = {Microbiological research},
volume = {285},
number = {},
pages = {127748},
doi = {10.1016/j.micres.2024.127748},
pmid = {38735241},
issn = {1618-0623},
abstract = {The rhizosphere system of plants hosts a diverse consortium of bacteria that confer beneficial effects on plant, such as plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), biocontrol agents with disease-suppression activities, and symbiotic nitrogen fixing bacteria with the formation of root nodule. Efficient colonization in planta is of fundamental importance for promoting of these beneficial activities. However, the process of root colonization is complex, consisting of multiple stages, including chemotaxis, adhesion, aggregation, and biofilm formation. The secondary messenger, c-di-GMP (cyclic bis-(3'-5') dimeric guanosine monophosphate), plays a key regulatory role in a variety of physiological processes. This paper reviews recent progress on the actions of c-di-GMP in plant beneficial bacteria, with a specific focus on its role in chemotaxis, biofilm formation, and nodulation.},
}
@article {pmid38732459,
year = {2024},
author = {Zhang, Y and Han, X and Ren, W and Zhang, H and Tang, M},
title = {Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Improve Lycium barbarum Potassium Uptake by Activating the Expression of LbHAK.},
journal = {Plants (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {13},
number = {9},
pages = {},
pmid = {38732459},
issn = {2223-7747},
support = {42277027, 31700530, and 32071639//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; },
abstract = {Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi can establish a mutualistic relationship with the roots of most terrestrial plants to increase plant nutrient uptake. The effects of potassium uptake and transport by AM symbiosis are much less reported compared to other nutrients. In this research, a heterologous yeast system was used to verify that the LbHAK has capacity for potassium uptake. The split-roots system implemented using seedlings of Lycium barbarum confirmed that R. irregularis locally induced LbHAK expression, which means that LbHAK is only expressed in mycorrhizal roots. Furthermore, the impacts of overexpression of LbHAK on the growth, nutrients and water uptake, and transport of mycorrhizal tobacco (inoculation with Rhizophagus irregularis) at 0.2 mM and 2 mM K conditions were assessed. The mycorrhizal tobacco growth and potassium accumulation were significantly enhanced through LbHAK overexpression in tobacco. In addition, overexpression of LbHAK substantially enhanced phosphorus content, while stimulating the expression of NtPT4, Rir-AQP1, and Rir-AQP2 in mycorrhizal tobacco. Moreover, LbHAK overexpression greatly promoted AM colonization. LbHAK has a potential role in facilitating potassium absorption through the mycorrhizal pathway, and overexpression of LbHAK in tobacco may promote the transport of potassium, phosphorus, and water from AM fungi to tobacco. These data imply the important roles played by the LbHAK in AM-fungi-induced potassium uptake in L. barbarum and in improving plant nutrients and AM colonization.},
}
@article {pmid38732123,
year = {2024},
author = {Li, J and Fu, N and Ge, S and Ren, L and Luo, Y},
title = {Physiological Measurements and Transcriptomics Reveal the Fitness Costs of Monochamus saltuarius to Bursaphelenchus xylophilus.},
journal = {International journal of molecular sciences},
volume = {25},
number = {9},
pages = {},
pmid = {38732123},
issn = {1422-0067},
support = {2021YFD1400900//National Key R &amp; D Program of China/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Transcriptome ; *Coleoptera/physiology/genetics ; Tylenchida/physiology/genetics/pathogenicity ; Gene Expression Profiling/methods ; Larva ; Host-Parasite Interactions/genetics ; Genetic Fitness ; },
abstract = {The pine wood nematode (PWN) uses several Monochamus species as vehicles, through a temporary hitchhiking process known as phoresy, enabling it to access new host plant resources. Monochamus saltuarius acts as a new and major vector of the PWN in Northeastern China, showing lower PWN carrying capacity and a shorter transmission cycle compared to established vectors. The apparently altered symbiotic relationship offers an interesting area for researching the costs and adaptions involved in nematode-beetle, a specialized phoresy. We analyzed the response and fitness costs of M. saltuarius through physiological measurements and transcriptomics. The PWN exerted adverse repercussions on the growth and development of M. saltuarius. The PWN accelerated larval development into pupae, while beetle adults carrying the PWN exhibited an elevated abnormality rate and mortality, and reduced starvation resistance. During the pupal stage, the expression of growth-related genes, including ecdysone-inducible genes (E74EA), cuticle proteins, and chitin genes (CHTs), markedly increased. Meanwhile, the induced immune response, mainly by the IMD and Toll signaling pathways, could be a contributing factor to adult abnormality and mortality. Adult gonads and trachea exhibited enrichment in pathways related to fatty acid elongation, biosynthesis, and metabolism. FASN, ELOVL, and SCD possibly contributed to resistance against PWN. Our research indicated that phoretic interactions between vector beetles and PWN vary throughout the vector's lifespan, particularly before and after entry into the trachea. This study highlighted the fitness costs of immunity and metabolism on the vector beetle, indicating the adaptation mechanisms and evolutionary trade-offs to PWN.},
}
@article {pmid38732070,
year = {2024},
author = {Zhang, J and Liu, Q and Dai, L and Zhang, Z and Wang, Y},
title = {Pan-Genome Analysis of Wolbachia, Endosymbiont of Diaphorina citri, Reveals Independent Origin in Asia and North America.},
journal = {International journal of molecular sciences},
volume = {25},
number = {9},
pages = {},
pmid = {38732070},
issn = {1422-0067},
support = {2021YFD1400805//Nation Key R &amp; D Program of China/ ; 31672031//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 32272537//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; },
mesh = {*Wolbachia/genetics/classification ; *Symbiosis/genetics ; *Genome, Bacterial ; Animals ; *Phylogeny ; Asia ; North America ; Hemiptera/microbiology/genetics ; Diptera/microbiology/genetics ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; },
abstract = {Wolbachia, a group of Gram-negative symbiotic bacteria, infects nematodes and a wide range of arthropods. Diaphorina citri Kuwayama, the vector of Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas) that causes citrus greening disease, is naturally infected with Wolbachia (wDi). However, the interaction between wDi and D. citri remains poorly understood. In this study, we performed a pan-genome analysis using 65 wDi genomes to gain a comprehensive understanding of wDi. Based on average nucleotide identity (ANI) analysis, we classified the wDi strains into Asia and North America strains. The ANI analysis, principal coordinates analysis (PCoA), and phylogenetic tree analysis supported that the D. citri in Florida did not originate from China. Furthermore, we found that a significant number of core genes were associated with metabolic pathways. Pathways such as thiamine metabolism, type I secretion system, biotin transport, and phospholipid transport were highly conserved across all analyzed wDi genomes. The variation analysis between Asia and North America wDi showed that there were 39,625 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), 2153 indels, 10 inversions, 29 translocations, 65 duplications, 10 SV-based insertions, and 4 SV-based deletions. The SV-based insertions and deletions involved genes encoding transposase, phage tail tube protein, ankyrin repeat (ANK) protein, and group II intron-encoded protein. Pan-genome analysis of wDi contributes to our understanding of the geographical population of wDi, the origin of hosts of D. citri, and the interaction between wDi and its host, thus facilitating the development of strategies to control the insects and huanglongbing (HLB).},
}
@article {pmid38728436,
year = {2024},
author = {Mishra, D},
title = {Critical compromise: Trade-off between symbiosis and water uptake.},
journal = {Plant physiology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/plphys/kiae264},
pmid = {38728436},
issn = {1532-2548},
}
@article {pmid38728013,
year = {2024},
author = {González, A and Fullaondo, A and Rodríguez, J and Tirnauca, C and Odriozola, I and Odriozola, A},
title = {Conjugated linoleic acid metabolite impact in colorectal cancer: a potential microbiome-based precision nutrition approach.},
journal = {Nutrition reviews},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/nutrit/nuae046},
pmid = {38728013},
issn = {1753-4887},
abstract = {Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most deadly and the third most diagnosed cancer in both sexes worldwide. CRC pathogenesis is associated with risk factors such as genetics, alcohol, smoking, sedentariness, obesity, unbalanced diets, and gut microbiota dysbiosis. The gut microbiota is the microbial community living in symbiosis in the intestine, in a dynamic balance vital for health. Increasing evidence underscores the influence of specific gut microbiota bacterial species on CRC incidence and pathogenesis. In this regard, conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) metabolites produced by certain gut microbiota have demonstrated an anticarcinogenic effect in CRC, influencing pathways for inflammation, proliferation, and apoptosis. CLA production occurs naturally in the rumen, and human bioavailability is through the consumption of food derived from ruminants. In recent years, biotechnological attempts to increase CLA bioavailability in humans have been unfruitful. Therefore, the conversion of essential dietary linoleic acid to CLA metabolite by specific intestinal bacteria has become a promising process. This article reviews the evidence regarding CLA and CLA-producing bacteria as therapeutic agents against CRC and investigates the best strategy for increasing the yield and bioavailability of CLA. Given the potential and limitations of the present strategies, a new microbiome-based precision nutrition approach based on endogenous CLA production by human gut bacteria is proposed. A literature search in the PubMed and PubMed Central databases identified 794 papers on human gut bacteria associated with CLA production. Of these, 51 studies exploring association consistency were selected. After excluding 19 papers, due to health concerns or discrepancies between studies, 32 papers were selected for analysis, encompassing data for 38 CLA-producing bacteria, such as Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus species. The information was analyzed by a bioinformatics food recommendation system patented by our research group, Phymofood (EP22382095). This paper presents a new microbiome-based precision nutrition approach targeting CLA-producing gut bacterial species to maximize the anticarcinogenic effect of CLA in CRC.},
}
@article {pmid38726891,
year = {2024},
author = {Ho-Plágaro, T and Tamayo-Navarrete, MI and Ćavar Zeljković, S and Tarkowski, P and García-Garrido, JM},
title = {A dual regulatory role of the arbuscular mycorrhizal master regulator RAM1 in tomato.},
journal = {Journal of experimental botany},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/jxb/erae210},
pmid = {38726891},
issn = {1460-2431},
abstract = {The REQUIRED FOR ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZATION1 (RAM1) transcription factor from the GRAS family is well-known by its role as a master regulator of the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis in dicot and monocot species, being essential in the transcriptional reprograming for the development and functionality of the arbuscules. In tomato, SlGRAS27 is the putative ortholog of RAM1 (here named SlRAM1), but has not yet been characterized. A reduced colonization of the root and an impaired arbuscule formation were observed in the SlRAM1 silenced plants, confirming the functional conservation of the RAM1 ortholog in tomato . However, unexpectedly, SlRAM1 overexpressing (UBIL:SlRAM1) plants also showed a decreased mycorrhizal colonization. Analysis of non-mycorrhizal UBIL:SlRAM1 roots revealed an overall regulation of AM-related genes and a reduction of strigolactone biosynthesis. Moreover, the external application of the strigolactone analogue GR244DO almost completely reversed the negative effects of SlRAM1 overexpression on the frequency of mycorrhization. However, it only partially recovered the pattern of arbuscule distribution observed in control plants. Our results strongly suggest that SlRAM1 has a dual regulatory role during mycorrhization and, apart from its recognized action as a positive regulator of arbuscule development, SlRAM1 is also involved in different mechanisms for the negative regulation of mycorrhization, including the repression of strigolactone biosynthesis.},
}
@article {pmid38725090,
year = {2024},
author = {Mazorra-Alonso, M and Peralta-Sánchez, JM and Martín-Vivaldi, M and Martínez-Bueno, M and Gómez, RN and Soler, JJ},
title = {Volatiles of symbiotic bacterial origin explain ectoparasitism and fledging success of hoopoes.},
journal = {Animal microbiome},
volume = {6},
number = {1},
pages = {26},
pmid = {38725090},
issn = {2524-4671},
support = {CGL2017-83103-P//Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci&#xf3;n/ ; CGL2017-83103-P//Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci&#xf3;n/ ; CGL2017-83103-P//Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci&#xf3;n/ ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Some parasites use olfactory cues to detect their hosts and, since bacterial symbionts are partially responsible for animal odours, they could influence host parasitism. By autoclaving nest materials of hoopoe (Upupa epops) nests before reproduction started, we explored the hypothetical links between host-associated bacteria, volatiles and parasitism. During the nestling stage, we (i) estimated the level of ectoparasitism by chewing lice (Suborder Mallophaga) in adult hoopoe females and by Carnus haemapterus flies in nestlings, and (ii) characterized microbial communities and volatile profiles of nest environments (nest material and nest cavity, respectively) and uropygial secretions.<br><br>RESULTS: Experimental nests had less diverse bacterial communities and more diverse volatile profiles than control nests, while occupants experienced lower intensity of parasitism in experimental than in control nests. The experiment also affected beta diversity of the microbial communities of nest material and of the volatiles of the nestling uropygial secretions. Moreover, microbial communities of uropygial secretions and of nest materials covaried with their volatile profiles, while the volatile profile of the bird secretions explained nest volatile profile. Finally, a subset of the volatiles and bacteria detected in the nest material and uropygial secretions were associated with the ectoparasitism intensity of both adult females and nestlings, and with fledging success.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: These results show that a component of animal odours is linked with the microbial communities of the host and its reproductive environment, and emphasize that the associations between bacteria, ectoparasitism and reproductive success are partially mediated by volatiles of bacterial origin. Future work should focus on mechanisms underlying the detected patterns.},
}
@article {pmid38724696,
year = {2024},
author = {Zhong, X and Wang, J and Shi, X and Bai, M and Yuan, C and Cai, C and Wang, N and Zhu, X and Kuang, H and Wang, X and Su, J and He, X and Liu, X and Yang, W and Yang, C and Kong, F and Wang, E and Guan, Y},
title = {Genetically optimizing soybean nodulation improves yield and protein content.},
journal = {Nature plants},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {38724696},
issn = {2055-0278},
abstract = {Symbiotic nitrogen fixation in legume nodules requires substantial energy investment from host plants, and soybean (Glycine max (L.) supernodulation mutants show stunting and yield penalties due to overconsumption of carbon sources. We obtained soybean mutants differing in their nodulation ability, among which rhizobially induced cle1a/2a (ric1a/2a) has a moderate increase in nodule number, balanced carbon allocation, and enhanced carbon and nitrogen acquisition. In multi-year and multi-site field trials in China, two ric1a/2a lines had improved grain yield, protein content and sustained oil content, demonstrating that gene editing towards optimal nodulation improves soybean yield and quality.},
}
@article {pmid38724032,
year = {2024},
author = {Yamawo, A and Ohno, M},
title = {Joint evolution of mutualistic interactions, pollination, seed dispersal mutualism, and mycorrhizal symbiosis in trees.},
journal = {The New phytologist},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/nph.19783},
pmid = {38724032},
issn = {1469-8137},
support = {18K19353//Japan Society for the Promotion of Science/ ; 19H03295//Japan Society for the Promotion of Science/ ; 23H04970//Japan Society for the Promotion of Science/ ; },
abstract = {Mycorrhizal symbiosis, seed dispersal, and pollination are recognized as the most prominent mutualistic interactions in terrestrial ecosystems. However, it remains unclear how these symbiotic relationships have interacted to contribute to current plant diversity. We analyzed evolutionary relationships among mycorrhizal type, seed dispersal mode, and pollination mode in two global databases of 699 (database I) and 10 475 (database II) tree species. Although database II had been estimated from phylogenetic patterns and therefore had lower certainty of the mycorrhizal type than database I, whose mycorrhizal type was determined by direct observation, database II allowed analysis of many more taxa from more regions than database I. We found evidence of joint evolution of all three features in both databases. This result is robust to the effects of both sampling bias and missing taxa. Most arbuscular mycorrhizal-associated trees had endozoochorous (biotic) seed dispersal and biotic pollination, with long dispersal distances, whereas most ectomycorrhizal-associated trees had anemochorous (abiotic) seed dispersal and wind (abiotic) pollination mode, with shorter dispersal distances. These results provide a novel scenario in mutualistic interactions, seed dispersal, pollination, and mycorrhizal symbiosis types, which have jointly evolved and shaped current tree diversity and forest ecosystem world-wide.},
}
@article {pmid38723969,
year = {2024},
author = {He, T and Lin, W and Yang, S and Du, J and Giri, B and Feng, C and Gilliam, FS and Zhang, F and Zhang, X and Zhang, X},
title = {Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi reduce soil N2O emissions by altering root traits and soil denitrifier community composition.},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {173065},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173065},
pmid = {38723969},
issn = {1879-1026},
abstract = {Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) increase the ability of plants to obtain nitrogen (N) from the soil, and thus can affect emissions of nitrous oxide (N2O), a long-lived potent greenhouse gas. However, the mechanisms underlying the effects of AMF on N2O emissions are still poorly understood, particularly in agroecosystems with different forms of N fertilizer inputs. Utilizing a mesocosm experiment in field, we examined the effects of AMF on N2O emissions via their influence on maize root traits and denitrifying microorganisms under ammonia and nitrate fertilizer input using [15]N isotope tracer. Here we show that the presence of AMF alone or both maize roots and AMF increased maize biomass and their [15]N uptake, root length, root surface area, and root volume, but led to a reduction in N2O emissions under both N input forms. Random forest model showed that root length and surface area were the most important predictors of N2O emissions. Additionally, the presence of AMF reduced the (nirK + nirS)/nosZ ratio by increasing the relative abundance of nirS-Bradyrhizobium and Rubrivivax with ammonia input, but reducing nosZ-Azospirillum, Cupriavidus and Rhodopseudomonas under both fertilizer input. Further, N2O emissions were significantly and positively correlated with the nosZ-type Azospirillum, Cupriavidus and Rhodopseudomonas, but negatively correlated with the nirS-type Bradyrhizobium and Rubrivivax. These results indicate that AMF reduce N2O emissions by increasing root length to explore N nutrients and altering the community composition of denitrifiers, suggesting that effective management of N fertilizer forms interacting with the rhizosphere microbiome may help mitigate N2O emissions under future N input scenarios.},
}
@article {pmid38723661,
year = {2024},
author = {Tschitschko, B and Esti, M and Philippi, M and Kidane, AT and Littmann, S and Kitzinger, K and Speth, DR and Li, S and Kraberg, A and Tienken, D and Marchant, HK and Kartal, B and Milucka, J and Mohr, W and Kuypers, MMM},
title = {Rhizobia-diatom symbiosis fixes missing nitrogen in the ocean.},
journal = {Nature},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-07495-w},
pmid = {38723661},
issn = {1476-4687},
abstract = {Nitrogen (N2) fixation in oligotrophic surface waters is the main source of new nitrogen (N) to the ocean[1] and plays a key role in fueling the biological carbon pump[2]. Oceanic N2 fixation is almost exclusively attributed to cyanobacteria, even though genes encoding nitrogenase, the enzyme fixing N2 into ammonia, are widespread among marine bacteria and archaea[3-5]. Little is known about these non-cyanobacterial N2-fixers and direct proof that they can fix N in the ocean is missing. Here we report the discovery of a non-cyanobacterial N2-fixing symbiont, Candidatus Tectiglobus diatomicola, which provides its diatom host with fixed-N in return for photosynthetic carbon. The N2-fixing symbiont belongs to the order Rhizobiales and its association with a unicellular diatom expands the known hosts for this order beyond the well-known N2-fixing rhizobia-legume symbioses on land[6]. Our results show that the rhizobia-diatom symbiosis can contribute as much fixed-N as cyanobacterial N2-fixers in the tropical North Atlantic, and that they may be responsible for N2 fixation in the vast regions of the ocean where cyanobacteria are too rare to account for the measured rates.},
}
@article {pmid38723296,
year = {2024},
author = {Liu, H and Han, D and Hu, J and Ren, L and Tang, Y},
title = {Biomechanical functions analysis of the Mallard webbed foot: A study of macroscopic and microscopic material assembly and tendon morphology.},
journal = {Micron (Oxford, England : 1993)},
volume = {183},
number = {},
pages = {103648},
doi = {10.1016/j.micron.2024.103648},
pmid = {38723296},
issn = {1878-4291},
abstract = {The mallard webbed foot represents an exemplary model of biomechanical efficiency in avian locomotion. This study delves into the intricate material assembly and tendon morphology of the mallard webbed foot, employing both macroscopic and microscopic analyses. Through histological slices and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), we scrutinized the coupling assembly of rigid and flexible materials such as skin, tendon, and bone, while elucidating the biomechanical functions of tendons across various segments of the tarsometatarsophalangeal joint (TMTPJ). The histological examination unveiled a complex structural hierarchy extending from the external integument to the skeletal framework. Notably, the bone architecture, characterized by compact bone and honeycombed trabeculae, showcases a harmonious blend of strength and lightweight design. Tendons, traversing the phalangeal periphery, surrounded by elastic fibers, collagen fibers, and fat tissue. Fat chambers beneath the phalanx, filled with adipocytes, provide effective buffering, enabling the phalanx to withstand gravity, provide support, and facilitate locomotion. Furthermore, SEM analysis provided insights into the intricate morphology and arrangement of collagen fiber bundles within tendons. Flexor tendons in proximal and middle TMTPJ segments adopt a wavy-type, facilitating energy storage and release during weight-bearing activities. In contrast, distal TMTPJ flexor tendons assume a linear-type, emphasizing force transmission across phalangeal interfaces. Similarly, extensor tendons demonstrate segment-specific arrangements tailored to their respective biomechanical roles, with wavy-type in proximal and distal segments for energy modulation and linear-type in middle segments for enhanced force transmission and tear resistance. Overall, our findings offer a comprehensive understanding of the mallard webbed foot's biomechanical prowess, underscoring the symbiotic relationship between material composition, tendon morphology, and locomotor functionality. This study not only enriches our knowledge of avian biomechanics but also provides valuable insights for biomimetic design and tissue engineering endeavors.},
}
@article {pmid38722291,
year = {2024},
author = {Bağlan, &#x130; and Yanbakan, E and Tuncel, T and Koçak Sezgin, A and Bozoğlan, E and Berikten, D and Kar, F},
title = {3D printed kombucha biomaterial as a tissue scaffold and L929 cell cytotoxicity assay.},
journal = {Journal of cellular and molecular medicine},
volume = {28},
number = {9},
pages = {e18316},
pmid = {38722291},
issn = {1582-4934},
mesh = {*Tissue Scaffolds/chemistry ; *Biocompatible Materials/pharmacology/chemistry ; Animals ; Mice ; *Cell Survival/drug effects ; *Printing, Three-Dimensional ; Fibroblasts/drug effects ; Tissue Engineering/methods ; Cell Line ; Kombucha Tea ; },
abstract = {Tissue engineering includes the construction of tissue-organ scaffold. The advantage of three-dimensional scaffolds over two-dimensional scaffolds is that they provide homeostasis for a longer time. The microbial community in Symbiotic culture of bacteria and yeast (SCOBY) can be a source for kombucha (kombu tea) production. In this study, it was aimed to investigate the usage of SCOBY, which produces bacterial cellulose, as a biomaterial and 3D scaffold material. 3D printable biomaterial was obtained by partial hydrolysis of oolong tea and black tea kombucha biofilms. In order to investigate the usage of 3D kombucha biomaterial as a tissue scaffold, "L929 cell line 3D cell culture" was created and cell viability was tested in the biomaterial. At the end of the 21st day, black tea showed 51% and oolong tea 73% viability. The cytotoxicity of the materials prepared by lyophilizing oolong and black tea kombucha beverages in fibroblast cell culture was determined. Black tea IC50 value: 7.53 mg, oolong tea IC50 value is found as 6.05 mg. Fibroblast viability in 3D biomaterial + lyophilized oolong and black tea kombucha beverages, which were created using the amounts determined to these values, were investigated by cell culture Fibroblasts in lyophilized and 3D biomaterial showed viability of 58% in black tea and 78% in oolong tea at the end of the 7th day. In SEM analysis, it was concluded that fibroblast cells created adhesion to the biomaterial. 3D biomaterial from kombucha mushroom culture can be used as tissue scaffold and biomaterial.},
}
@article {pmid38722161,
year = {2024},
author = {Torres, M and Paszti, S and Eberl, L},
title = {Shedding light on bacteria-host interactions with the aid of TnSeq approaches.},
journal = {mBio},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e0039024},
doi = {10.1128/mbio.00390-24},
pmid = {38722161},
issn = {2150-7511},
abstract = {Bacteria are highly adaptable and grow in diverse niches, where they often interact with eukaryotic organisms. These interactions with different hosts span the entire spectrum from symbiosis to pathogenicity and thus determine the lifestyle of the bacterium. Knowledge of the genetic determinants involved in animal and plant host colonization by pathogenic and mutualistic bacteria is not only crucial to discover new drug targets for disease management but also for developing novel biostimulant strategies. In the last decades, significant progress in genome-wide high-throughput technologies such as transposon insertion sequencing has led to the identification of pathways that enable efficient host colonization. However, the extent to which similar genes play a role in this process in different bacteria is yet unclear. This review highlights the commonalities and specificities of bacterial determinants important for bacteria-host interaction.},
}
@article {pmid38721621,
year = {2024},
author = {Kreth, J and Helliwell, E and Treerat, P and Merritt, J},
title = {Molecular commensalism: how oral corynebacteria and their extracellular membrane vesicles shape microbiome interactions.},
journal = {Frontiers in oral health},
volume = {5},
number = {},
pages = {1410786},
pmid = {38721621},
issn = {2673-4842},
abstract = {Historically, the study of microbe-associated diseases has focused primarily on pathogens, guided by Koch's postulates. This pathogen-centric view has provided a mechanistic understanding of disease etiology and microbial pathogenesis. However, next-generation sequencing approaches have revealed a far more nuanced view of the roles various microbes play in disease, highlighting the importance of microbial diversity beyond individual pathogens. This broader perspective acknowledges the roles of host and microbial communities in disease development and resistance. In particular, the concept of dysbiosis, especially within the oral cavity, has gained attention for explaining the emergence of complex polymicrobial diseases. Such diseases often stem from resident microbes rather than foreign pathogens, complicating their treatment and even clouding our understanding of disease etiology. Oral health is maintained through a delicate balance between commensal microbes and the host, with diseases like caries and periodontal disease arising from pathogenic perturbations of this balance. Commensal microbes, such as certain streptococci and Corynebacterium spp., play crucial roles in maintaining oral health through mechanisms involving hydrogen peroxide production and membrane vesicle secretion, which can inhibit pathogenic species and modulate host immune responses. Recent research focused upon the mechanisms of molecular commensalism has expanded our understanding of these key functions of the commensal microbiome, demonstrating their central role in promoting oral health and preventing disease. These abilities represent a largely untapped reservoir of potential innovative strategies for disease prevention and management, emphasizing the need to bolster a symbiotic microbiome that inherently suppresses pathogenesis.},
}
@article {pmid38721597,
year = {2024},
author = {Khanh, NV and Dutta, S and Kim, CS and Lee, YH},
title = {Features of bacterial and fungal communities in the rhizosphere of Gastrodia elata cultivated in greenhouse for early harvest.},
journal = {Frontiers in microbiology},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1389907},
pmid = {38721597},
issn = {1664-302X},
abstract = {Symbiotic microbes are essential for developing and growing Gastrodia elata, an achlorophyllous orchid of high medicinal value. Recently, the cultivation of G. elata in greenhouses has been adopted in Korea to produce mature tubers in a short time. However, no studies have been conducted on the microbial community structure of G. elata cultivated in greenhouse environments. Therefore, we analyzed the temporal features of bacterial and fungal communities in the rhizosphere of G. elata at the juvenile [JT; 2 months after sowing (MAS)], young (YT; 6 MAS), and mature (MT; 11 MAS) tuber stages using culture-dependent and high-throughput sequencing technology. The richness and diversity of the bacterial and fungal communities decreased with tuber growth of G. elata. The symbiotic fungi Mycena sp. and Armillaria sp. as well as tuber extract inhibited the growth of various soil-inhabiting fungal and bacterial strains, indicating that G. elata and its symbiotic fungi play important roles in the selection of rhizosphere microbes. Mortierella rishikesha was the most abundant fungal species in the rhizosphere. We also identified the microorganisms potentially beneficial for G. elata development during greenhouse cultivation. Tubers and symbiotic fungi actively exert selective pressure on rhizosphere microbes, influencing the diversity and abundance of bacterial and fungal communities as G. elata grows. This study is a first report on the temporal microbial community structure of G. elata cultivated in greenhouse. The results on the associated microbiome of G. elata will help understand their beneficial interactions with G. elata and contribute to improvement in cultivation.},
}
@article {pmid38721278,
year = {2024},
author = {Costantini, C and Pariano, M and Puccetti, M and Giovagnoli, S and Pampalone, G and Dindo, M and Cellini, B and Romani, L},
title = {Harnessing inter-kingdom metabolic disparities at the human-fungal interface for novel therapeutic approaches.},
journal = {Frontiers in molecular biosciences},
volume = {11},
number = {},
pages = {1386598},
pmid = {38721278},
issn = {2296-889X},
abstract = {Humans interact with a multitude of microorganisms in various ecological relationships, ranging from commensalism to pathogenicity. The same applies to fungi, long recognized for their pathogenic roles in infection-such as in invasive fungal diseases caused, among others, by Aspergillus fumigatus and Candida spp.-and, more recently, for their beneficial activities as an integral part of the microbiota. Indeed, alterations in the fungal component of the microbiota, or mycobiota, have been associated with inflammatory, infectious and metabolic diseases, and cancer. Whether acting as opportunistic pathogens or symbiotic commensals, fungi possess a complex enzymatic repertoire that intertwines with that of the host. In this metabolic cross-talk, fungal enzymes may be unique, thus providing novel metabolic opportunities to the host, or, conversely, produce toxic metabolites. Indeed, administration of fungal probiotics and fungi-derived products may be beneficial in inflammatory and infectious diseases, but fungi may also produce a plethora of toxic secondary metabolites, collectively known as mycotoxins. Fungal enzymes may also be homologues to human enzymes, but nevertheless embedded in fungal-specific metabolic networks, determined by all the interconnected enzymes and molecules, quantitatively and qualitatively specific to the network, such that the activity and metabolic effects of each enzyme remain unique to fungi. In this Opinion, we explore the concept that targeting this fungal metabolic unicity, either in opportunistic pathogens or commensals, may be exploited to develop novel therapeutic strategies. In doing so, we present our recent experience in different pathological settings that ultimately converge on relevant trans-kingdom metabolic differences.},
}
@article {pmid38720266,
year = {2024},
author = {Zhao, L and Xiao, R and Zhang, S and Zhang, C and Zhang, F},
title = {Environmental specificity of karst cave habitats evidenced by diverse symbiotic bacteria in Opiliones.},
journal = {BMC ecology and evolution},
volume = {24},
number = {1},
pages = {58},
pmid = {38720266},
issn = {2730-7182},
support = {C2021201030//the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province/ ; C2021201030//the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province/ ; C2021201030//the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province/ ; C2021201030//the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province/ ; C2021201030//the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province/ ; },
mesh = {*Caves/microbiology ; *Symbiosis ; *Bacteria/genetics/isolation &amp; purification/classification ; *Ecosystem ; China ; Microbiota/physiology ; Biodiversity ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Karst caves serve as natural laboratories, providing organisms with extreme and constant conditions that promote isolation, resulting in a genetic relationship and living environment that is significantly different from those outside the cave. However, research on cave creatures, especially Opiliones, remains scarce, with most studies focused on water, soil, and cave sediments.<br><br>RESULTS: The structure of symbiotic bacteria in different caves were compared, revealing significant differences. Based on the alpha and beta diversity, symbiotic bacteria abundance and diversity in the cave were similar, but the structure of symbiotic bacteria differed inside and outside the cave. Microorganisms in the cave play an important role in material cycling and energy flow, particularly in the nitrogen cycle. Although microbial diversity varies inside and outside the cave, Opiliones in Beijing caves and Hainan Island exhibited a strong similarity, indicating that the two environments share commonalities.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: The karst cave environment possesses high microbial diversity and there are noticeable differences among different caves. Different habitats lead to significant differences in the symbiotic bacteria in Opiliones inside and outside the cave, and cave microorganisms have made efforts to adapt to extreme environments. The similarity in symbiotic bacteria community structure suggests a potential similarity in host environments, providing an explanation for the appearance of Sinonychia martensi in caves in the north.},
}
@article {pmid38719945,
year = {2024},
author = {Zhang, Y and Chen, H and Lian, C and Cao, L and Guo, Y and Wang, M and Zhong, Z and Li, M and Zhang, H and Li, C},
title = {Insights into phage-bacteria interaction in cold seep Gigantidas platifrons through metagenomics and transcriptome analyses.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {14},
number = {1},
pages = {10540},
pmid = {38719945},
issn = {2045-2322},
support = {42030407//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 2022QNLM030004//Laoshan Laboratory/ ; ZDBS-LY-DQC032//the Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences/ ; XDA22050303//the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Metagenomics/methods ; *Bacteriophages/genetics/isolation &amp; purification ; *Gills/microbiology/virology/metabolism ; *Bivalvia/microbiology/virology/genetics ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Transcriptome ; Virome/genetics ; Bacteria/genetics/classification ; Symbiosis/genetics ; Metagenome ; },
abstract = {Viruses are crucial for regulating deep-sea microbial communities and biogeochemical cycles. However, their roles are still less characterized in deep-sea holobionts. Bathymodioline mussels are endemic species inhabiting cold seeps and harboring endosymbionts in gill epithelial cells for nutrition. This study unveiled a diverse array of viruses in the gill tissues of Gigantidas platifrons mussels and analyzed the viral metagenome and transcriptome from the gill tissues of Gigantidas platifrons mussels collected from a cold seep in the South Sea. The mussel gills contained various viruses including Baculoviridae, Rountreeviridae, Myoviridae and Siphovirdae, but the active viromes were Myoviridae, Siphoviridae, and Podoviridae belonging to the order Caudovirales. The overall viral community structure showed significant variation among environments with different methane concentrations. Transcriptome analysis indicated high expression of viral structural genes, integrase, and restriction endonuclease genes in a high methane concentration environment, suggesting frequent virus infection and replication. Furthermore, two viruses (GP-phage-contig14 and GP-phage-contig72) interacted with Gigantidas platifrons methanotrophic gill symbionts (bathymodiolin mussels host intracellular methanotrophic Gammaproteobacteria in their gills), showing high expression levels, and have huge different expression in different methane concentrations. Additionally, single-stranded DNA viruses may play a potential auxiliary role in the virus-host interaction using indirect bioinformatics methods. Moreover, the Cro and DNA methylase genes had phylogenetic similarity between the virus and Gigantidas platifrons methanotrophic gill symbionts. This study also explored a variety of viruses in the gill tissues of Gigantidas platifrons and revealed that bacteria interacted with the viruses during the symbiosis with Gigantidas platifrons. This study provides fundamental insights into the interplay of microorganisms within Gigantidas platifrons mussels in deep sea.},
}
@article {pmid38717159,
year = {2024},
author = {Berrios, L and Bogar, GD and Bogar, LM and Venturini, AM and Willing, CE and Del Rio, A and Ansell, TB and Zemaitis, K and Velickovic, M and Velickovic, D and Pellitier, PT and Yeam, J and Hutchinson, C and Bloodsworth, K and Lipton, MS and Peay, KG},
title = {Ectomycorrhizal fungi alter soil food webs and the functional potential of bacterial communities.},
journal = {mSystems},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e0036924},
doi = {10.1128/msystems.00369-24},
pmid = {38717159},
issn = {2379-5077},
abstract = {Most of Earth's trees rely on critical soil nutrients that ectomycorrhizal fungi (EcMF) liberate and provide, and all of Earth's land plants associate with bacteria that help them survive in nature. Yet, our understanding of how the presence of EcMF modifies soil bacterial communities, soil food webs, and root chemistry requires direct experimental evidence to comprehend the effects that EcMF may generate in the belowground plant microbiome. To this end, we grew Pinus muricata plants in soils that were either inoculated with EcMF and native forest bacterial communities or only native bacterial communities. We then profiled the soil bacterial communities, applied metabolomics and lipidomics, and linked omics data sets to understand how the presence of EcMF modifies belowground biogeochemistry, bacterial community structure, and their functional potential. We found that the presence of EcMF (i) enriches soil bacteria linked to enhanced plant growth in nature, (ii) alters the quantity and composition of lipid and non-lipid soil metabolites, and (iii) modifies plant root chemistry toward pathogen suppression, enzymatic conservation, and reactive oxygen species scavenging. Using this multi-omic approach, we therefore show that this widespread fungal symbiosis may be a common factor for structuring soil food webs.IMPORTANCEUnderstanding how soil microbes interact with one another and their host plant will help us combat the negative effects that climate change has on terrestrial ecosystems. Unfortunately, we lack a clear understanding of how the presence of ectomycorrhizal fungi (EcMF)-one of the most dominant soil microbial groups on Earth-shapes belowground organic resources and the composition of bacterial communities. To address this knowledge gap, we profiled lipid and non-lipid metabolites in soils and plant roots, characterized soil bacterial communities, and compared soils amended either with or without EcMF. Our results show that the presence of EcMF changes soil organic resource availability, impacts the proliferation of different bacterial communities (in terms of both type and potential function), and primes plant root chemistry for pathogen suppression and energy conservation. Our findings therefore provide much-needed insight into how two of the most dominant soil microbial groups interact with one another and with their host plant.},
}
@article {pmid38716629,
year = {2024},
author = {Lu, X and Hayashi, H and Ishikawa, E and Takeuchi, Y and Dychiao, JVT and Nakagami, H and Yamasaki, S},
title = {Early acquisition of S-specific Tfh clonotypes after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination is associated with the longevity of anti-S antibodies.},
journal = {eLife},
volume = {12},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {38716629},
issn = {2050-084X},
support = {JP223fa627002//Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development/ ; JP21ym0126049//Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development/ ; JP20H00505//Japan Society for the Promotion of Science/ ; JP223fa727001//Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development/ ; JP23ym0126049//Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development/ ; JP22H05182//Japan Society for the Promotion of Science/ ; JP22H05183//Japan Society for the Promotion of Science/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *Antibodies, Viral/immunology/blood ; *Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/immunology ; *SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; *COVID-19/immunology/prevention &amp; control ; *BNT162 Vaccine/immunology/administration &amp; dosage ; *COVID-19 Vaccines/immunology/administration &amp; dosage ; *Vaccination ; Female ; Male ; Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/immunology ; Adult ; T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/immunology ; Middle Aged ; },
abstract = {SARS-CoV-2 vaccines have been used worldwide to combat COVID-19 pandemic. To elucidate the factors that determine the longevity of spike (S)-specific antibodies, we traced the characteristics of S-specific T cell clonotypes together with their epitopes and anti-S antibody titers before and after BNT162b2 vaccination over time. T cell receptor (TCR) αβ sequences and mRNA expression of the S-responded T cells were investigated using single-cell TCR- and RNA-sequencing. Highly expanded 199 TCR clonotypes upon stimulation with S peptide pools were reconstituted into a reporter T cell line for the determination of epitopes and restricting HLAs. Among them, we could determine 78 S epitopes, most of which were conserved in variants of concern (VOCs). After the 2nd vaccination, T cell clonotypes highly responsive to recall S stimulation were polarized to follicular helper T (Tfh)-like cells in donors exhibiting sustained anti-S antibody titers (designated as 'sustainers'), but not in 'decliners'. Even before vaccination, S-reactive CD4[+] T cell clonotypes did exist, most of which cross-reacted with environmental or symbiotic microbes. However, these clonotypes contracted after vaccination. Conversely, S-reactive clonotypes dominated after vaccination were undetectable in pre-vaccinated T cell pool, suggesting that highly responding S-reactive T cells were established by vaccination from rare clonotypes. These results suggest that de novo acquisition of memory Tfh-like cells upon vaccination may contribute to the longevity of anti-S antibody titers.},
}
@article {pmid38716338,
year = {2024},
author = {Lucic-Mercy, E and Mercy, L and Jeschke, A and Schneider, C and Franken, P},
title = {Short-term artificial adaptation of Rhizoglomus irregulare to high phosphate levels and its implications for fungal-plant interactions: phenotypic and transcriptomic insights.},
journal = {Frontiers in plant science},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1385245},
pmid = {38716338},
issn = {1664-462X},
abstract = {Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) play a crucial role in enhancing plant growth, but their use in agriculture is limited due to several constraints. Elevated soil phosphate levels resulting from fertilization practices strongly inhibit fungal development and reduce mycorrhizal growth response. Here, we investigated the possibility of adapting Rhizoglomus irregulare to high phosphate (Pi) levels to improve its tolerance. A fungal inoculum was produced through multiple generations in the presence of elevated Pi and used to inoculate melon plants grown under low and high phosphate conditions. Our results revealed distinct phenotypic and transcriptomic profiles between the adapted and non-adapted Rhizoglomus irregulare. The Pi adapted phenotype led to enhanced root colonization under high Pi conditions, increased vesicle abundance, and higher plant biomass at both phosphate levels. Additionally, the adaptation status influenced the expression of several genes involved in Pi uptake, Pi signaling, and mitochondrial respiration in both symbiotic partners. While the underlying mechanisms of the adaptation process require further investigation, our study raises intriguing questions. Do naturally occurring phosphate-tolerant AMF already exist? How might the production and use of artificially produced inocula bias our understanding? Our findings shed light on the adaptive capacities of Glomeromycota and challenge previous models suggesting that plants control mycorrhizal fungal growth. Moreover, our work pave the way for the development of innovative biotechnological tools to enhance the efficacy of mycorrhizal inoculum products under practical conditions with high phosphate fertilization.},
}
@article {pmid38716332,
year = {2024},
author = {Inagaki, T and Igai, K and Takahashi, K and Hongoh, Y},
title = {Transmission dynamics of symbiotic protist communities in the termite gut: association with host adult eclosion and dispersal.},
journal = {Royal Society open science},
volume = {11},
number = {5},
pages = {231527},
pmid = {38716332},
issn = {2054-5703},
abstract = {The fidelity of vertical transmission is a critical factor in maintaining mutualistic associations with microorganisms. The obligate mutualism between termites and intestinal protist communities has been maintained for over 130 million years, suggesting the faithful transmission of diverse protist species across host generations. Although a severe bottleneck can occur when alates disperse with gut protists, how protist communities are maintained during this process remains largely unknown. In this study, we examined the dynamics of intestinal protist communities during adult eclosion and alate dispersal in the termite Reticulitermes speratus. We found that the protist community structure in last-instar nymphs differed significantly from that in workers and persisted intact during adult eclosion, whereas all protists disappeared from the gut during moults between worker stages. The number of protists in nymphs and alates was substantially lower than in workers, whereas the proportion of protist species exhibiting low abundance in workers was higher in nymphs and alates. Using a simulation-based approach, we demonstrate that such changes in the protist community composition of nymphs and alates improve the transmission efficiency of whole protist species communities. This study thus provides novel insights into how termites have maintained mutualistic relationships with diverse gut microbiota for generations.},
}
@article {pmid38715450,
year = {2024},
author = {Ali, M and Rice, CA and Byrne, AW and Paré, PE and Beauvais, W},
title = {Modelling dynamics between free-living amoebae and bacteria.},
journal = {Environmental microbiology},
volume = {26},
number = {5},
pages = {e16623},
doi = {10.1111/1462-2920.16623},
pmid = {38715450},
issn = {1462-2920},
support = {NSF-ECCS #2238388//National Science Foundation/ ; },
mesh = {*Amoeba/microbiology ; *Bacteria ; *Symbiosis ; Models, Biological ; Bacterial Physiological Phenomena ; Models, Theoretical ; Animals ; },
abstract = {Free-living amoebae (FLA) serve as hosts for a variety of endosymbionts, which are microorganisms that reside and multiply within the FLA. Some of these endosymbionts pose a pathogenic threat to humans, animals, or both. The symbiotic relationship with FLA not only offers these microorganisms protection but also enhances their survival outside their hosts and assists in their dispersal across diverse habitats, thereby escalating disease transmission. This review is intended to offer an exhaustive overview of the existing mathematical models that have been applied to understand the dynamics of FLA, especially concerning their interactions with bacteria. An extensive literature review was conducted across Google Scholar, PubMed, and Scopus databases to identify mathematical models that describe the dynamics of interactions between FLA and bacteria, as published in peer-reviewed scientific journals. The literature search revealed several FLA-bacteria model systems, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pasteurella multocida, and Legionella spp. Although the published mathematical models account for significant system dynamics such as predator-prey relationships and non-linear growth rates, they generally overlook spatial and temporal heterogeneity in environmental conditions, such as temperature, and population diversity. Future mathematical models will need to incorporate these factors to enhance our understanding of FLA-bacteria dynamics and to provide valuable insights for future risk assessment and disease control measures.},
}
@article {pmid38714674,
year = {2024},
author = {Xie, X and Fu, H and Zhu, Q and Hu, S},
title = {Integrated optimization modelling framework for low-carbon and green regional transitions through resource-based industrial symbiosis.},
journal = {Nature communications},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {3842},
pmid = {38714674},
issn = {2041-1723},
abstract = {The development and utilization of bulk resources provide the basic material needs for industrial systems. However, most current resource utilization patterns are unsustainable, with low efficiencies and high carbon emissions. Here, we report a quantitative tool for resource-based industries to facilitate sustainable and low-carbon transitions within the regional economy. To evaluate the effectiveness of this tool, the saline Qinghai Lake region was chosen as a case study. After optimizing the industrial structure, the benefits of economic output, resource efficiency, energy consumption, solid waste reduction, and carbon emission reduction can be obtained. The scenario analyses exhibit disparities in different transition paths, where the carbon mitigation, economic output, and resource efficiency that benefit from optimal development paths are significantly better than those of the traditional path, indicating the urgency of adopting cleaner technology and industrial symbiosis for regional industries.},
}
@article {pmid38714291,
year = {2024},
author = {Xia, Y and Jiang, T and Li, Y and Gu, C and Lv, J and Lu, C and Xu, P and Fang, L and Chen, Z and Liu, H and Zhang, D and Xu, H and Yang, L and Xu, Z and Wang, L},
title = {circVAPA-rich small extracellular vesicles derived from gastric cancer promote neural invasion by inhibiting SLIT2 expression in neuronal cells.},
journal = {Cancer letters},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {216926},
doi = {10.1016/j.canlet.2024.216926},
pmid = {38714291},
issn = {1872-7980},
abstract = {Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common cancer worldwide. Neural invasion (NI) is considered as the symbiotic interaction between nerves and cancers, which strongly affects the prognosis of GC patients. Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) play a key role in intercellular communication. However, whether sEVs mediate GC-NI remains unexplored. In this study, sEVs release inhibitor reduces the NI potential of GC cells. Muscarinic receptor M3 on GC-derived sEVs regulates their absorption by neuronal cells. The enrichment of sEV-circVAPA in NI-positive patients' serum is validated by serum high throughput sEV-circRNA sequencing and clinical samples. sEV-circVAPA promotes GC-NI in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, sEV-circVAPA decreases SLIT2 transcription by miR-548p/TGIF2 and inhibits SLIT2 translation via binding to eIF4G1, thereby downregulates SLIT2 expression in neuronal cells and finally induces GC-NI. Together, this work identifies the preferential absorption mechanism of GC-derived sEVs by neuronal cells and demonstrates a previously undefined role of GC-derived sEV-circRNA in GC-NI, which provides new insight into sEV-circRNA based diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for NI-positive GC patients.},
}
@article {pmid38714258,
year = {2024},
author = {Radaelli, E and Palladino, G and Nanetti, E and Scicchitano, D and Rampelli, S and Airoldi, S and Candela, M and Marangi, M},
title = {Meta-analysis of the Cetacea gut microbiome: Diversity, co-evolution, and interaction with the anthropogenic pathobiome.},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {172943},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172943},
pmid = {38714258},
issn = {1879-1026},
abstract = {Despite their critical roles in marine ecosystems, only few studies have addressed the gut microbiome (GM) of cetaceans in a comprehensive way. Being long-living apex predators with a carnivorous diet but evolved from herbivorous ancestors, cetaceans are an ideal model for studying GM-host evolutionary drivers of symbiosis and represent a valuable proxy of overall marine ecosystem health. Here, we investigated the GM of eight different cetacean species, including both Odontocetes (toothed whales) and Mysticetes (baleen whales), by means of 16S rRNA-targeted amplicon sequencing. We collected faecal samples from free-ranging cetaceans circulating within the Pelagos Sanctuary (North-western Mediterranean Sea) and we also included publicly available cetacean gut microbiome sequences. Overall, we show a clear GM trajectory related to host phylogeny and taxonomy (i.e., phylosymbiosis), with remarkable GM variations which may reflect adaptations to different diets between baleen and toothed whales. While most samples were found to be infected by protozoan parasites of potential anthropic origin, we report that this phenomenon did not lead to severe GM dysbiosis. This study underlines the importance of both host phylogeny and diet in shaping the GM of cetaceans, highlighting the role of neutral processes as well as environmental factors in the establishment of this GM-host symbiosis. Furthermore, the presence of potentially human-derived protozoan parasites in faeces of free-ranging cetaceans emphasizes the importance of these animals as bioindicators of anthropic impact on marine ecosystems.},
}
@article {pmid38713365,
year = {2024},
author = {Rashidi, S and Yousefi, AR and Mastinu, A},
title = {Mycorrhizal Symbiosis Can Change the Composition of Secondary Metabolites in Fruits of Solanum nigrum L.},
journal = {Chemistry &amp; biodiversity},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e202400208},
doi = {10.1002/cbdv.202400208},
pmid = {38713365},
issn = {1612-1880},
abstract = {Solanum nigrum is a common weed in arable land, while being used in traditional medicine around the world due to its remarkable levels of valuable secondary metabolites. Agronomic and biological techniques can alter the production of a specific metabolite by influencing plant growth and metabolism. The effects of colonization with three arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), including Funneliformis mosseae, Rhizoglomus intraradices, and Rhizoglomus fasciculatum, on the chemical composition of S. nigrum fruits were evaluated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. More than 100 different chemical constituents were evaluated by GC-MS. Our study revealed that the levels of phenols (quinic acid), benzenes (hydroquinone), sulfur-containing compounds, lactone and carboxylic acids were improved by R. intraradices. In contrast, hydroxymethylfurfural increased by 68% in R. fasciculatum inoculated with uninoculated S. nigrum plants, and this species was also the most efficient in inducing sugar compounds (D-galactose, lactose, and melezitose). Our results suggest that AMF colonization is an effective biological strategy that can alter the chemical composition and improve the medicinal properties of S. nigrum.},
}
@article {pmid38713089,
year = {2024},
author = {Tsang, CTT and Hui, TKL and Chung, NM and Yuen, WT and Tsang, LM},
title = {Comparative analysis of gut microbiome of mangrove brachyuran crabs revealed patterns of phylosymbiosis and codiversification.},
journal = {Molecular ecology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e17377},
doi = {10.1111/mec.17377},
pmid = {38713089},
issn = {1365-294X},
support = {CUHK14104623//General Research Fund of Research Grants Council, Hong Kong/ ; CUHK14119419//General Research Fund of Research Grants Council, Hong Kong/ ; },
abstract = {The acquisition of microbial symbionts enables animals to rapidly adapt to and exploit novel ecological niches, thus significantly enhancing the evolutionary fitness and success of their hosts. However, the dynamics of host-microbe interactions and their evolutionary implications remain largely underexplored in marine invertebrates. Crabs of the family Sesarmidae (Crustacea: Brachyura) are dominant inhabitants of mangrove forests and are considered keystone species there. Their rapid diversification, particularly after adopting a plant-feeding lifestyle, is believed to have been facilitated by symbiotic gut microbes, enabling successful colonization of intertidal and terrestrial environments. To investigate the patterns and mechanisms shaping the microbial communities and the role of microbes in the evolution of Sesarmidae, we characterized and compared the gut microbiome compositions across 43 crab species from Sesarmidae and other mangrove-associated families using 16S metabarcoding. We found that the gut microbiome assemblages in crabs are primarily determined by host identity, with a secondary influence from environmental factors such as microhabitat and sampling location, and to a lesser extent influenced by biological factors such as sex and gut region. While patterns of phylosymbiosis (i.e. when microbial community relationships recapitulate the phylogeny of their hosts) were consistently observed in all beta-diversity metrics analysed, the strength of phylosymbiosis varied across crab families. This suggests that the bacterial assemblages in each family were differentially shaped by different degrees of host filtering and/or other evolutionary processes. Notably, Sesarmidae displayed signals of cophylogeny with its core gut bacterial genera, which likely play crucial functional roles in their hosts by providing lignocellulolytic enzymes, essential amino acids, and fatty acids supplementation. Our results support the hypothesis of microbial contribution to herbivory and terrestrialization in mangrove crabs, highlighting the tight association and codiversification of the crab holobiont.},
}
@article {pmid38712953,
year = {2024},
author = {Fidopiastis, PM and Childs, C and Esin, JJ and Stellern, J and Darin, A and Lorenzo, A and Mariscal, VT and Lorenz, J and Gopan, V and McAnulty, S and Visick, KL},
title = {Correction for Fidopiastis et al., "Vibrio fischeri Possesses Xds and Dns Nucleases That Differentially Influence Phosphate Scavenging, Aggregation, Competence, and Symbiotic Colonization of Squid".},
journal = {Applied and environmental microbiology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e0032724},
doi = {10.1128/aem.00327-24},
pmid = {38712953},
issn = {1098-5336},
}
@article {pmid38712952,
year = {2024},
author = {Fidopiastis, PM and Childs, C and Esin, JJ and Stellern, J and Darin, A and Lorenzo, A and Mariscal, VT and Lorenz, J and Gopan, V and McAnulty, S and Visick, KL},
title = {Corrected and republished from: "Vibrio fischeri Possesses Xds and Dns Nucleases That Differentially Influence Phosphate Scavenging, Aggregation, Competence, and Symbiotic Colonization of Squid".},
journal = {Applied and environmental microbiology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e0032824},
doi = {10.1128/aem.00328-24},
pmid = {38712952},
issn = {1098-5336},
abstract = {Cells of Vibrio fischeri colonize the light organ of Euprymna scolopes, providing the squid bioluminescence in exchange for nutrients and protection. The bacteria encounter DNA-rich mucus throughout their transition to a symbiotic lifestyle, leading us to hypothesize a role for nuclease activity in the colonization process. In support of this, we detected abundant extracellular nuclease activity in growing cells of V. fischeri. To discover the gene(s) responsible for this activity, we screened a V. fischeri transposon mutant library for nuclease-deficient strains. Interestingly, only one strain, whose transposon insertion mapped to nuclease gene VF_1451, showed a complete loss of nuclease activity in our screens. A database search revealed that VF_1451 is homologous to the nuclease-encoding gene xds in Vibrio cholerae. However, V. fischeri strains lacking xds eventually revealed slight nuclease activity on plates upon prolonged incubation. This led us to hypothesize that a second secreted nuclease, identified through a database search as VF_0437, a homolog of V. cholerae dns, might be responsible for the residual nuclease activity. Here, we show that Xds and/or Dns are involved in essential aspects of V. fischeri biology, including natural transformation, aggregation, and phosphate scavenging. Furthermore, strains lacking either nuclease were outcompeted by the wild type for squid colonization. Understanding the specific role of nuclease activity in the squid colonization process represents an intriguing area of future research.IMPORTANCEFrom soil and water to host-associated secretions such as mucus, environments that bacteria inhabit are awash in DNA. Extracellular DNA (eDNA) is a nutritious resource that microbes dedicate significant energy to exploit. Calcium binds eDNA to promote cell-cell aggregation and horizontal gene transfer. eDNA hydrolysis impacts the construction of and dispersal from biofilms. Strategies in which pathogens use nucleases to avoid phagocytosis or disseminate by degrading host secretions are well-documented; significantly less is known about nucleases in mutualistic associations. This study describes the role of nucleases in the mutualism between Vibrio fischeri and its squid host Euprymna scolopes. We find that nuclease activity is an important determinant of colonization in V. fischeri, broadening our understanding of how microbes establish and maintain beneficial associations.},
}
@article {pmid38712948,
year = {2024},
author = {Maeda, GP and Kelly, MK and Sundar, A and Moran, NA},
title = {Intracellular defensive symbiont is culturable and capable of transovarial, vertical transmission.},
journal = {mBio},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e0325323},
doi = {10.1128/mbio.03253-23},
pmid = {38712948},
issn = {2150-7511},
abstract = {UNLABELLED: Insects frequently form heritable associations with beneficial bacteria that are vertically transmitted from parent to offspring. Long-term vertical transmission has repeatedly resulted in genome reduction and gene loss, rendering many such bacteria incapable of establishment in axenic culture. Among aphids, heritable endosymbionts often provide context-specific benefits to their hosts. Although these associations have large impacts on host phenotypes, experimental approaches are often limited by an inability to cultivate these microbes. Here, we report the axenic culture of Candidatus Fukatsuia symbiotica strain WIR, a heritable bacterial endosymbiont of the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum. Whole-genome sequencing revealed similar genomic features and high sequence similarity to previously described strains, suggesting that the cultivation techniques used here may be applicable to Ca. F. symbiotica strains from distantly related aphids. Microinjection of cultured Ca. F. symbiotica into uninfected aphids revealed that it can reinfect developing embryos and that infections are maintained in subsequent generations via transovarial maternal transmission. Artificially infected aphids exhibit phenotypic and life history traits similar to those observed for native infections. Our results show that Ca. F. symbiotica may be a useful tool for experimentally probing the molecular mechanisms underlying host-symbiont interactions in a heritable symbiosis.<br><br>IMPORTANCE: Diverse eukaryotic organisms form stable, symbiotic relationships with bacteria that provide benefits to their hosts. While these associations are often biologically important, they can be difficult to probe experimentally because intimately host-associated bacteria are difficult to access within host tissues, and most cannot be cultured. This is especially true for the intracellular, maternally inherited bacteria associated with many insects, including aphids. Here, we demonstrate that a pea aphid-associated strain of the heritable endosymbiont, Candidatus Fukatsuia symbiotica, can be grown outside of its host using standard microbiology techniques and can readily re-establish infection that is maintained across host generations. These artificial infections recapitulate the effects of native infections, making this host-symbiont pair a useful experimental system.},
}
@article {pmid38711970,
year = {2024},
author = {Wu, D and Zhao, P and Wang, C and Huasai, S and Chen, H and Chen, A},
title = {Differences in the intestinal microbiota and association of host metabolism with hair coat status in cattle.},
journal = {Frontiers in microbiology},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1296602},
pmid = {38711970},
issn = {1664-302X},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: The hair coat status of cattle serves as an easily observed indicator of economic value in livestock production; however, the underlying mechanism remains largely unknown. Therefore, the objective of the current study was to determine differences in the intestinal microbiota and metabolome of cattle based on a division of with either slick and shining (SHC) or rough and dull (MHC) hair coat in Simmental cows.<br><br>METHODS: Eight SHC and eight MHC late-pregnancy Simmental cows (with similar parities, body weights, and body conditions) were selected based on their hair coat status, and blood samples (plasma) from coccygeal venipuncture and fecal samples from the rectum were collected. The intestinal microbiota (in the fecal samples) was characterized by employing 16S rRNA gene sequencing targeting the V3-V4 hypervariable region on the Illumina MiSeq PE300 platform, and plasma samples were subjected to LC-MS/MS-based metabolomics with Progenesis QI 2.3. Plasma macromolecular metabolites were examined for differences in the metabolism of lipids, proteins, mineral elements, and hormones.<br><br>RESULTS: Notable differences between the SHC and MHC groups related to host hair coat status were observed in the host metabolome and intestinal microbiota (P < 0.05). The host metabolome was enriched in histidine metabolism, cysteine and methionine metabolism, and purine metabolism in the SHC group, and the intestinal microbiota were also enriched in histidine metabolism (P < 0.05). In the MHC group, the symbiotic relationship transitioned from cooperation to competition in the MHC group, and an uncoupling effect was present in the microbe-metabolite association of intestine microbiota-host interactions. The hubs mediating the relationships between intestinal microbiota and plasma metabolites were the intestinal bacterial genus g__norank_f__Eubacterium_coprostanoligenes_group, plasma inosine, triiodothyronine, and phosphorus, which could be used to differentiate cows' hair coat status (P < 0.05).<br><br>CONCLUSION: Overall, the present study identified the relationships between the features of the intestinal microbiota and host hair coat status, thereby providing evidence and a new direction (intestine microbiota-host interplay) for future studies aimed at understanding the hair coat status of cattle.},
}
@article {pmid38711654,
year = {2024},
author = {Ghorui, M and Chowdhury, S and Balu, P and Burla, S},
title = {Arbuscular Mycorrhizal inoculants and its regulatory landscape.},
journal = {Heliyon},
volume = {10},
number = {9},
pages = {e30359},
pmid = {38711654},
issn = {2405-8440},
abstract = {One of the most prominent means for sustainable agriculture and ecosystem management are Arbuscular Mycorrhizal (AM) inoculants. These inoculants establish beneficial symbiotic relationships with land plant roots, offering a wide range of benefits, from enhanced nutrient absorption to improved resilience against environmental stressors. However, several currently available commercial AM inoculants face challenges such as inconsistency in field applications, ecological risks associated with non-native strains, and the absence of universal regulations. Currently, regulations for AM inoculants vary globally, with some regions leading efforts to standardize and ensure quality control. Proposed regulatory frameworks aim to establish parameters for composition, safety, and efficacy. Nevertheless, challenges persist in terms of scientific data, standardization, testing under real conditions, and the ecological impact of these inoculants. To address these challenges and unlock the full potential of AM inoculants, increased research funding, public-private partnerships, monitoring, awareness, and ecosystem impact studies are recommended. Future regulations have the potential to improve product quality, soil health, and crop productivity while reducing reliance on chemical inputs and benefiting the environment. However, addressing issues related to compliance, standardization, education, certification, monitoring, and cost is essential for realizing these benefits. Global harmonization and collaborative efforts are vital to maximize their impact on agriculture and ecosystem management, leading to healthier soils, increased crop yields, and a more sustainable agricultural industry.},
}
@article {pmid38711478,
year = {2024},
author = {Ramkumar, D and Marty, A and Ramkumar, J and Rosencranz, H and Vedantham, R and Goldman, M and Meyer, E and Steinmetz, J and Weckle, A and Bloedorn, K and Rosier, C},
title = {Food for thought: Making the case for food produced via regenerative agriculture in the battle against non-communicable chronic diseases (NCDs).},
journal = {One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands)},
volume = {18},
number = {},
pages = {100734},
pmid = {38711478},
issn = {2352-7714},
abstract = {Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) pose a global health challenge, leading to substantial morbidity, mortality, and economic strain. Our review underscores the escalating incidence of NCDs worldwide and highlights the potential of regenerative agriculture (RA) products in mitigating these diseases. We also explore the efficacy of dietary interventions in NCD management and prevention, emphasizing the superiority of plant-based diets over those high in processed foods and red meat. Examining the role of the gut microbiome in various diseases, including liver disorders, allergies, metabolic syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease, and colon cancer, we find compelling evidence implicating its influence on disease development. Notably, dietary modifications can positively affect the gut microbiome, fostering a symbiotic relationship with the host and making this a critical strategy in disease prevention and treatment. Investigating agricultural practices, we identify parallels between soil/plant and human microbiome studies, suggesting a crucial link between soil health, plant- and animal-derived food quality, and human well-being. Conventional/Industrial agriculture (IA) practices, characterized in part by use of chemical inputs, have adverse effects on soil microbiome diversity, food quality, and ecosystems. In contrast, RA prioritizes soil health through natural processes, and includes avoiding synthetic inputs, crop rotation, and integrating livestock. Emerging evidence suggests that food from RA systems surpasses IA-produced food in quality and nutritional value. Recognizing the interconnection between human, plant, and soil microbiomes, promoting RA-produced foods emerges as a strategy to improve human health and environmental sustainability. By mitigating climate change impacts through carbon sequestration and water cycling, RA offers dual benefits for human and planetary health and well-being. Emphasizing the pivotal role of diet and agricultural practices in combating NCDs and addressing environmental concerns, the adoption of regional RA systems becomes imperative. Increasing RA integration into local food systems can enhance food quality, availability, and affordability while safeguarding human health and the planet's future.},
}
@article {pmid38711088,
year = {2024},
author = {Hookabe, N and Ueshima, R and Miura, T},
title = {Postembryonic development and lifestyle shift in the commensal ribbon worm.},
journal = {Frontiers in zoology},
volume = {21},
number = {1},
pages = {13},
pmid = {38711088},
issn = {1742-9994},
support = {21J14807//Japan Society for the Promotion of Science/ ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Various morphological adaptations are associated with symbiotic relationships between organisms. One such adaptation is seen in the nemertean genus Malacobdella. All species in the genus are commensals of molluscan hosts, attaching to the surface of host mantles with a terminal sucker. Malacobdella possesses several unique characteristics within the order Monostilifera, exhibiting the terminal sucker and the absence of eyes and apical/cerebral organs, which are related to their adaptation to a commensal lifestyle. Nevertheless, the developmental processes that give rise to these morphological characteristics during their transition from free-living larvae to commensal adults remain uncertain.<br><br>RESULTS: In the present study, therefore, we visualized the developmental processes of the internal morphologies during postembryonic larval stages using fluorescent molecular markers. We demonstrated the developmental processes, including the formation of the sucker primordium and the functional sucker. Furthermore, our data revealed that sensory organs, including apical/cerebral organs, formed in embryonic and early postembryonic stages but degenerated in the late postembryonic stage prior to settlement within their host using a terminal sucker.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: This study reveals the formation of the terminal sucker through tissue invagination, shedding light on its adhesion mechanism. Sucker muscle development likely originates from body wall muscles. Notably, M. japonica exhibits negative phototaxis despite lacking larval ocelli. This observation suggests a potential role for other sensory mechanisms, such as the apical and cerebral organs identified in the larvae, in facilitating settlement and adhesive behaviors. The loss of sensory organs during larval development might reflect a transition from planktonic feeding to a stable, host-associated lifestyle. This study also emphasizes the need for further studies to explore the phylogenetic relationships within the infraorder Amphiporiina and investigate the postembryonic development of neuromuscular systems in closely related taxa to gain a more comprehensive understanding of ecological adaptations in Nemertea.},
}
@article {pmid38707842,
year = {2024},
author = {Hung, SW and Yeh, PH and Huang, TC and Huang, SY and Wu, IC and Liu, CH and Lin, YH and Chien, PR and Huang, FC and Ho, YN and Kuo, CH and Hwang, HH and Chiang, EI and Huang, CC},
title = {A cyclic dipeptide for salinity stress alleviation and the trophic flexibility of endophyte provide insights into saltmarsh plant-microbe interactions.},
journal = {ISME communications},
volume = {4},
number = {1},
pages = {ycae041},
pmid = {38707842},
issn = {2730-6151},
abstract = {In response to climate change, the nature of endophytes and their applications in sustainable agriculture have attracted the attention of academics and agro-industries. This work focused on the endophytic halophiles of the endangered Taiwanese salt marsh plant, Bolboschoenus planiculmis, and evaluated the functions of these isolates through in planta salinity stress alleviation assay using Arabidopsis. The endophytic strain Priestia megaterium BP01R2, which can promote plant growth and salinity tolerance, was further characterized through multi-omics approaches. The transcriptomics results suggested that BP01R2 could function by tuning hormone signal transduction, energy-producing metabolism, multiple stress responses, etc. In addition, the cyclodipeptide cyclo(L-Ala-Gly), which was identified by metabolomics analysis, was confirmed to contribute to the alleviation of salinity stress in stressed plants via exogenous supplementation. In this study, we used multi-omics approaches to investigate the genomics, metabolomics, and tropisms of endophytes, as well as the transcriptomics of plants in response to the endophyte. The results revealed the potential molecular mechanisms underlying the occurrence of biostimulant-based plant-endophyte symbioses with possible application in sustainable agriculture.},
}
@article {pmid38707841,
year = {2024},
author = {Aoki, N and Shimasaki, T and Yazaki, W and Sato, T and Nakayasu, M and Ando, A and Kishino, S and Ogawa, J and Masuda, S and Shibata, A and Shirasu, K and Yazaki, K and Sugiyama, A},
title = {An isoflavone catabolism gene cluster underlying interkingdom interactions in the soybean rhizosphere.},
journal = {ISME communications},
volume = {4},
number = {1},
pages = {ycae052},
pmid = {38707841},
issn = {2730-6151},
abstract = {Plant roots secrete various metabolites, including plant specialized metabolites, into the rhizosphere, and shape the rhizosphere microbiome, which is crucial for the plant health and growth. Isoflavones are major plant specialized metabolites found in legume plants, and are involved in interactions with soil microorganisms as initiation signals in rhizobial symbiosis and as modulators of the legume root microbiota. However, it remains largely unknown the molecular basis underlying the isoflavone-mediated interkingdom interactions in the legume rhizosphere. Here, we isolated Variovorax sp. strain V35, a member of the Comamonadaceae that harbors isoflavone-degrading activity, from soybean roots and discovered a gene cluster responsible for isoflavone degradation named ifc. The characterization of ifc mutants and heterologously expressed Ifc enzymes revealed that isoflavones undergo oxidative catabolism, which is different from the reductive metabolic pathways observed in gut microbiota. We further demonstrated that the ifc genes are frequently found in bacterial strains isolated from legume plants, including mutualistic rhizobia, and contribute to the detoxification of the antibacterial activity of isoflavones. Taken together, our findings reveal an isoflavone catabolism gene cluster in the soybean root microbiota, providing molecular insights into isoflavone-mediated legume-microbiota interactions.},
}
@article {pmid38707840,
year = {2024},
author = {Maire, J and Collingro, A and Horn, M and van Oppen, MJH},
title = {Chlamydiae in corals: shared functional potential despite broad taxonomic diversity.},
journal = {ISME communications},
volume = {4},
number = {1},
pages = {ycae054},
pmid = {38707840},
issn = {2730-6151},
abstract = {Cnidarians, such as corals and sea anemones, associate with a wide range of bacteria that have essential functions, including nutrient cycling and the production of antimicrobial compounds. Within cnidarians, bacteria can colonize all microhabitats including the tissues. Among them are obligate intracellular bacteria of the phylum Chlamydiota (chlamydiae) whose impact on cnidarian hosts and holobionts, especially corals, remain unknown. Here, we conducted a meta-analysis of previously published 16S rRNA gene metabarcoding data from cnidarians (e.g. coral, jellyfish, and anemones), eight metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) of coral-associated chlamydiae, and one MAG of jellyfish-associated chlamydiae to decipher their diversity and functional potential. While the metabarcoding dataset showed an enormous diversity of cnidarian-associated chlamydiae, six out of nine MAGs were affiliated with the Simkaniaceae family. The other three MAGs were assigned to the Parasimkaniaceae, Rhabdochlamydiaceae, and Anoxychlamydiaceae, respectively. All MAGs lacked the genes necessary for an independent existence, lacking any nucleotide or vitamin and most amino acid biosynthesis pathways. Hallmark chlamydial genes, such as a type III secretion system, nucleotide transporters, and genes for host interaction, were encoded in all MAGs. Together these observations suggest an obligate intracellular lifestyle of coral-associated chlamydiae. No unique genes were found in coral-associated chlamydiae, suggesting a lack of host specificity. Additional studies are needed to understand how chlamydiae interact with their coral host, and other microbes in coral holobionts. This first study of the diversity and functional potential of coral-associated chlamydiae improves our understanding of both the coral microbiome and the chlamydial lifestyle and host range.},
}
@article {pmid38706962,
year = {2024},
author = {Nath, S and Balling, R},
title = {The Warburg Effect Reinterpreted 100 yr on: A First-Principles Stoichiometric Analysis and Interpretation from the Perspective of ATP Metabolism in Cancer Cells.},
journal = {Function (Oxford, England)},
volume = {5},
number = {3},
pages = {zqae008},
pmid = {38706962},
issn = {2633-8823},
mesh = {*Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; Humans ; *Neoplasms/metabolism/pathology ; *Warburg Effect, Oncologic ; *Glycolysis ; Models, Biological ; Energy Metabolism ; },
abstract = {The Warburg Effect is a longstanding enigma in cancer biology. Despite the passage of 100 yr since its discovery, and the accumulation of a vast body of research on the subject, no convincing biochemical explanation has been given for the original observations of aerobic glycolysis in cancer cell metabolism. Here, we have worked out a first-principles quantitative analysis of the problem from the principles of stoichiometry and available electron balance. The results have been interpreted using Nath's unified theory of energy coupling and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis, and the original data of Warburg and colleagues have been analyzed from this new perspective. Use of the biomass yield based on ATP per unit substrate consumed, [Formula: see text], or the Nath-Warburg number, NaWa has been shown to excellently model the original data on the Warburg Effect with very small standard deviation values, and without employing additional fitted or adjustable parameters. Based on the results of the quantitative analysis, a novel conservative mechanism of synthesis, utilization, and recycling of ATP and other key metabolites (eg, lactate) is proposed. The mechanism offers fresh insights into metabolic symbiosis and coupling within and/or among proliferating cells. The fundamental understanding gained using our approach should help in catalyzing the development of more efficient metabolism-targeting anticancer drugs.},
}
@article {pmid38706832,
year = {2024},
author = {Leng, C and Hou, M and Xing, Y and Chen, J},
title = {Perspective and challenges of mycorrhizal symbiosis in orchid medicinal plants.},
journal = {Chinese herbal medicines},
volume = {16},
number = {2},
pages = {172-179},
pmid = {38706832},
issn = {2589-3610},
abstract = {The family Orchidaceae is of the most diverse taxon in the plant kingdom, and most of its members are highly valuable herbal medicines. Orchids have a unique mycorrhizal symbiotic relationship with specific fungi for carbohydrate and nutrient supplies in their whole lifecycle. The large-scale cultivation of the medicinal plant Gastodia elata is a successful example of using mycorrhizal symbiotic technology. In this review, we adopted G. elata and Dendrobium officinale as examples to describe the characteristics of orchid mycorrhiza and mycorrhizal benefits for host plants' growth and health (e.g. biotic and abiotic stress and secondary metabolite accumulation). The challenges in applying mycorrhizal technology to the cultivation of orchid medicinal plants in the future were also discussed. This review aims to serve as a theoretical guide for the cultivation of mycorrhizal technology in medicinal orchid plants.},
}
@article {pmid38706819,
year = {2024},
author = {Zhang, J and Lu, J and Zhu, Y and Shen, X and Zhu, B and Qin, L},
title = {Roles of endophytic fungi in medicinal plant abiotic stress response and TCM quality development.},
journal = {Chinese herbal medicines},
volume = {16},
number = {2},
pages = {204-213},
pmid = {38706819},
issn = {2589-3610},
abstract = {Medicinal plants, as medicinal materials and important drug components, have been used in traditional and folk medicine for ages. However, being sessile organisms, they are seriously affected by extreme environmental conditions and abiotic stresses such as salt, heavy metal, temperature, and water stresses. Medicinal plants usually produce specific secondary metabolites to survive such stresses, and these metabolites can often be used for treating human diseases. Recently, medicinal plants have been found to partner with endophytic fungi to form a long-term, stable, and win-win symbiotic relationship. Endophytic fungi can promote secondary metabolite accumulation in medicinal plants. The close relationship can improve host plant resistance to the abiotic stresses of soil salinity, drought, and extreme temperatures. Their symbiosis also sheds light on plant growth and active compound production. Here, we show that endophytic fungi can improve the host medicinal plant resistance to abiotic stress by regulating active compounds, reducing oxidative stress, and regulating the cell ion balance. We also identify the deficiencies and burning issues of available studies and present promising research topics for the future. This review provides guidance for endophytic fungi research to improve the ability of medicinal plants to resist abiotic stress. It also suggests ideas and methods for active compound accumulation in medicinal plants and medicinal material development during the response to abiotic stress.},
}
@article {pmid38706118,
year = {2024},
author = {Liu, SH and Zhang, Y and Guo, ZX and Ayaz, S and Wang, YX and Huang, ZH and Cao, HH and Xu, JP},
title = {Effects of baculovirus infection on intestinal microflora of BmNPV resistant and susceptible strain silkworm.},
journal = {Journal of economic entomology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/jee/toae088},
pmid = {38706118},
issn = {1938-291X},
support = {32202751//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; KJ2021A0173//University Natural Science Research Project of Anhui Province/ ; SKLSGB-ORP202111//State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology/ ; 202104b11020002//International Cooperation Project of Anhui Province/ ; ANRC2019032//Foundation for Innovative Research Groups of Anhui Agricultural University/ ; },
abstract = {Bombyx mori L. (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae) nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) is a serious pathogen causing huge economic losses to sericulture. There is growing evidence that the gut microbiota of silkworms plays a critical role in shaping host responses and interactions with viral infection. However, little is known about the differences in the composition and diversity of intestinal microflora, especially with respect to silkworm strain differences and BmNPV infection-induced changes. Here, we aim to explore the differences between BmNPV-resistant strain A35 and susceptible strain P50 silkworm and the impact of BmNPV infection on intestinal microflora in different strains. The 16S rDNA sequencing analysis revealed that the fecal microbial populations were distinct between A35 and P50 and were significantly changed post BmNPV infection in both strains. Further analysis showed that the BmNPV-resistant strain silkworm possessed higher bacterial diversity than the susceptible strain, and BmNPV infection reduced the diversity of intestinal flora assessed by feces in both silkworm strains. In response to BmNPV infection, the abundance of Muribaculaceae increased in P50 and decreased in A35, while the abundance of Enterobacteriaceae decreased in P50 and increased in A35. These results indicated that BmNPV infection had various effects on the abundance of fecal microflora in different silkworm strains. Our findings not only broadened the understanding of host-pathogen interactions but also provided theoretical help for the breeding of resistant strains and healthy rearing of silkworms based on symbiotic bacteria.},
}
@article {pmid38705385,
year = {2024},
author = {Polycarpo, CR and Walter-Nuno, AB and Azevedo-Reis, L and Paiva-Silva, GO},
title = {The vector-symbiont affair: a relationship as (im)perfect as it can be.},
journal = {Current opinion in insect science},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {101203},
doi = {10.1016/j.cois.2024.101203},
pmid = {38705385},
issn = {2214-5753},
abstract = {Vector-borne diseases are globally prevalent and represent a major socioeconomic problem worldwide. Blood-sucking arthropods transmit most pathogenic agents that cause these human infections. The pathogens transmission to their vertebrate hosts depends on how efficiently they infect their vector, which is particularly impacted by the microbiota residing in the intestinal lumen, as well as its cells or internal organs like ovaries. The balance between costs and benefits provided by these interactions ultimately determines the outcome of the relationship. Here, we will explore aspects concerning the nature of microbe-vector interactions, including the adaptive traits required for their establishment, the varied outcomes of symbiotic interactions, as well as the factors influencing the transition of these relationships across a continuum from parasitism to mutualism.},
}
@article {pmid38705297,
year = {2024},
author = {Xu, Q and Ali, S and Afzal, M and Nizami, AS and Han, S and Dar, MA and Zhu, D},
title = {Advancements in bacterial chemotaxis: Utilizing the navigational intelligence of bacteria and its practical applications.},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {172967},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172967},
pmid = {38705297},
issn = {1879-1026},
abstract = {The fascinating world of microscopic life unveils a captivating spectacle as bacteria effortlessly maneuver through their surroundings with astonishing accuracy, guided by the intricate mechanism of chemotaxis. This review explores the complex mechanisms behind this behavior, analyzing the flagellum as the driving force and unraveling the intricate signaling pathways that govern its movement. We delve into the hidden costs and benefits of this intricate skill, analyzing its potential to propagate antibiotic resistance gene while shedding light on its vital role in plant colonization and beneficial symbiosis. We explore the realm of human intervention, considering strategies to manipulate bacterial chemotaxis for various applications, including nutrient cycling, algal bloom and biofilm formation. This review explores the wide range of applications for bacterial capabilities, from targeted drug delivery in medicine to bioremediation and disease control in the environment. Ultimately, through unraveling the intricacies of bacterial movement, we can enhance our comprehension of the intricate web of life on our planet. This knowledge opens up avenues for progress in fields such as medicine, agriculture, and environmental conservation.},
}
@article {pmid38705185,
year = {2024},
author = {Łukasik, P and Kolasa, MR},
title = {With a little help from my friends: the roles of microbial symbionts in insect populations and communities.},
journal = {Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences},
volume = {379},
number = {1904},
pages = {20230122},
doi = {10.1098/rstb.2023.0122},
pmid = {38705185},
issn = {1471-2970},
mesh = {Animals ; *Insecta/microbiology/physiology ; *Symbiosis ; *Microbiota/physiology ; Biodiversity ; },
abstract = {To understand insect abundance, distribution and dynamics, we need to understand the relevant drivers of their populations and communities. While microbial symbionts are known to strongly affect many aspects of insect biology, we lack data on their effects on populations or community processes, or on insects' evolutionary responses at different timescales. How these effects change as the anthropogenic effects on ecosystems intensify is an area of intense research. Recent developments in sequencing and bioinformatics permit cost-effective microbial diversity surveys, tracking symbiont transmission, and identification of functions across insect populations and multi-species communities. In this review, we explore how different functional categories of symbionts can influence insect life-history traits, how these effects could affect insect populations and their interactions with other species, and how they may affect processes and patterns at the level of entire communities. We argue that insect-associated microbes should be considered important drivers of insect response and adaptation to environmental challenges and opportunities. We also outline the emerging approaches for surveying and characterizing insect-associated microbiota at population and community scales. This article is part of the theme issue 'Towards a toolkit for global insect biodiversity monitoring'.},
}
@article {pmid38705080,
year = {2024},
author = {Casas-Román, A and Lorite, MJ and Werner, M and Muñoz, S and Gallegos, MT and Sanjuán, J},
title = {The gap gene of Rhizobium etli is required for both free life and symbiosis with common beans.},
journal = {Microbiological research},
volume = {284},
number = {},
pages = {127737},
doi = {10.1016/j.micres.2024.127737},
pmid = {38705080},
issn = {1618-0623},
abstract = {Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH or Gap) is a ubiquitous enzyme essential for carbon and energy metabolism in most organisms. Despite its primary role in sugar metabolism, GAPDH is recognized for its involvement in diverse cellular processes, being considered a paradigm among multifunctional/moonlighting proteins. Besides its canonical cytoplasmic location, GAPDH has been detected on cell surfaces or as a secreted protein in prokaryotes, yet little is known about its possible roles in plant symbiotic bacteria. Here we report that Rhizobium etli, a nitrogen-fixing symbiont of common beans, carries a single gap gene responsible for both GAPDH glycolytic and gluconeogenic activities. An active Gap protein is required throughout all stages of the symbiosis between R. etli and its host plant Phaseolus vulgaris. Both glycolytic and gluconeogenic Gap metabolic activities likely contribute to bacterial fitness during early and intermediate stages of the interaction, whereas GAPDH gluconeogenic activity seems critical for nodule invasion and nitrogen fixation. Although the R. etli Gap protein is secreted in a c-di-GMP related manner, no involvement of the R. etli gap gene in c-di-GMP related phenotypes, such as flocculation, biofilm formation or EPS production, was observed. Notably, the R. etli gap gene fully complemented a double gap1/gap2 mutant of Pseudomonas syringae for free life growth, albeit only partially in planta, suggesting potential specific roles for each type of Gap protein. Nevertheless, further research is required to unravel additional functions of the R. etli Gap protein beyond its essential metabolic roles.},
}
@article {pmid38705066,
year = {2024},
author = {Shao, YH and Wu, JH and Chen, HW},
title = {Comammox Nitrospira cooperate with anammox bacteria in a partial nitritation-anammox membrane bioreactor treating low-strength ammonium wastewater at high loadings.},
journal = {Water research},
volume = {257},
number = {},
pages = {121698},
doi = {10.1016/j.watres.2024.121698},
pmid = {38705066},
issn = {1879-2448},
abstract = {Research has revealed that comammox Nitrospira and anammox bacteria engage in dynamic interactions in partial nitritation-anammox reactors, where they compete for ammonium and nitrite or comammox Nitrospria supply nitrite to anammox bacteria. However, two gaps in the literature are present: the know-how to manipulate the interactions to foster a stable and symbiotic relationship and the assessment of how effective this partnership is for treating low-strength ammonium wastewater at high hydraulic loads. In this study, we employed a membrane bioreactor designed to treat synthetic ammonium wastewater at a concentration of 60 mg N/L, reaching a peak loading of 0.36 g N/L/day by gradually reducing the hydraulic retention time to 4 hr. Throughout the experiment, the reactor achieved an approximately 80 % nitrogen removal rate through strategically adjusting intermittent aeration at every stage. Notably, the genera Ca. Kuenena, Nitrosomonas, and Nitrospira collectively constituted approximately 40 % of the microbial community. Under superior intermittent aeration conditions, the expression of comammox amoA was consistently higher than that of Nitrospira nxrB and AOB amoA in the biofilm, despite the higher abundance of Nitrosomonas than comammox Nitrospira, implying that the biofilm environment is favorable for fostering cooperation between comammox and anammox bacteria. We then assessed the in situ activity of comammox Nitrospira in the reactor by selectively suppressing Nitrosomonas using 1-octyne, thereby confirming that comammox Nitrospira played the primary role in facilitating the nitritation (33.1 % of input ammonium) rather than complete nitrification (7.3 % of input ammonium). Kinetic analysis revealed a specific ammonia-oxidizing rate 5.3 times higher than the nitrite-oxidizing rate in the genus Nitrospira, underscoring their critical role in supplying nitrite. These findings provide novel insights into the cooperative interplay between comammox Nitrospira and anammox bacteria, potentially reshaping the management of nitrogen cycling in engineered environments, and aiding the development of microbial ecology-driven wastewater treatment technologies.},
}
@article {pmid38704391,
year = {2024},
author = {Renoz, F and Parisot, N and Baa-Puyoulet, P and Gerlin, L and Fakhour, S and Charles, H and Hance, T and Calevro, F},
title = {PacBio Hi-Fi genome assembly of Sipha maydis, a model for the study of multipartite mutualism in insects.},
journal = {Scientific data},
volume = {11},
number = {1},
pages = {450},
pmid = {38704391},
issn = {2052-4463},
support = {J.0082.23//Fonds De La Recherche Scientifique - FNRS (Belgian National Fund for Scientific Research)/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Symbiosis ; *Aphids/genetics ; *Genome, Bacterial ; },
abstract = {Dependence on multiple nutritional endosymbionts has evolved repeatedly in insects feeding on unbalanced diets. However, reference genomes for species hosting multi-symbiotic nutritional systems are lacking, even though they are essential for deciphering the processes governing cooperative life between insects and anatomically integrated symbionts. The cereal aphid Sipha maydis is a promising model for addressing these issues, as it has evolved a nutritional dependence on two bacterial endosymbionts that complement each other. In this study, we used PacBio High fidelity (HiFi) long-read sequencing to generate a highly contiguous genome assembly of S. maydis with a length of 410 Mb, 3,570 contigs with a contig N50 length of 187 kb, and BUSCO completeness of 95.5%. We identified 117 Mb of repetitive sequences, accounting for 29% of the genome assembly, and predicted 24,453 protein-coding genes, of which 2,541 were predicted enzymes included in an integrated metabolic network with the two aphid-associated endosymbionts. These resources provide valuable genetic and metabolic information for understanding the evolution and functioning of multi-symbiotic systems in insects.},
}
@article {pmid38703052,
year = {2024},
author = {Burg, S and Ovaskainen, O and Furneaux, B and Ivanova, N and Abrahamyan, A and Niittynen, P and Somervuo, P and Abrego, N},
title = {Experimental evidence that root-associated fungi improve plant growth at high altitude.},
journal = {Molecular ecology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e17376},
doi = {10.1111/mec.17376},
pmid = {38703052},
issn = {1365-294X},
support = {101057437//H2020 European Research Council/ ; 101059492//H2020 European Research Council/ ; 856506//H2020 European Research Council/ ; 30865//Research Council of Finland/ ; 336212//Research Council of Finland/ ; 342374//Research Council of Finland/ ; 345110//Research Council of Finland/ ; 346492//Research Council of Finland/ ; },
abstract = {Unravelling how species communities change along environmental gradients requires a dual understanding: the direct responses of the species to their abiotic surroundings and the indirect variation of these responses through biotic interactions. Here, we focus on the interactive relationships between plants and their symbiotic root-associated fungi (RAF) along stressful abiotic gradients. We investigate whether variations in RAF community composition along altitudinal gradients influence plant growth at high altitudes, where both plants and fungi face harsher abiotic conditions. We established a translocation experiment between pairs of Bistorta vivipara populations across altitudinal gradients. To separate the impact of shifting fungal communities from the overall influence of changing abiotic conditions, we used a root barrier to prevent new colonization by RAF following translocation. To characterize the RAF communities, we applied DNA barcoding to the root samples. Through the utilization of joint species distribution modelling, we assessed the relationship between changes in plant functional traits resulting from experimental treatments and the corresponding changes in the RAF communities. Our findings indicate that RAF communities influence plant responses to stressful abiotic conditions. Plants translocated from low to high altitudes grew more when they were able to associate with the resident high-altitude RAF compared to those plants that were not allowed to associate with the resident RAF. We conclude that interactions with RAF impact how plants respond to stressful abiotic conditions. Our results provide experimental support that interactions with RAF improve plant stress tolerance to altitudinal stressors such as colder temperatures and less nutrient availability.},
}
@article {pmid38703041,
year = {2024},
author = {Demirturk, M and Cinar, MS and Avci, FY},
title = {The immune interactions of gut glycans and microbiota in health and disease.},
journal = {Molecular microbiology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/mmi.15267},
pmid = {38703041},
issn = {1365-2958},
support = {R01AI123383//National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases/ ; R01AI152766//National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases/ ; R41AI157287//National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases/ ; },
abstract = {The human digestive system harbors a vast diversity of commensal bacteria and maintains a symbiotic relationship with them. However, imbalances in the gut microbiota accompany various diseases, such as inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) and colorectal cancers (CRCs), which significantly impact the well-being of populations globally. Glycosylation of the mucus layer is a crucial factor that plays a critical role in maintaining the homeostatic environment in the gut. This review delves into how the gut microbiota, immune cells, and gut mucus layer work together to establish a balanced gut environment. Specifically, the role of glycosylation in regulating immune cell responses and mucus metabolism in this process is examined.},
}
@article {pmid38703001,
year = {2024},
author = {Deng, JL and Zhao, L and Wei, H and Ye, HX and Yang, L and Sun, L and Zhao, Z and Murray, JD and Liu, CW},
title = {A deeply conserved amino acid required for VAPYRIN localization and function during legume-rhizobial symbiosis.},
journal = {The New phytologist},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/nph.19779},
pmid = {38703001},
issn = {1469-8137},
support = {KJ2070000077//start-up Funding by University of Science and Technology of China and Chinese Academy of Sciences/ ; KY2070000098//start-up Funding by University of Science and Technology of China and Chinese Academy of Sciences/ ; KY9100000057//start-up Funding by University of Science and Technology of China and Chinese Academy of Sciences/ ; WK2070000193//the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China/ ; 32170249//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 32300211//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 32321001//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; YSBR-011//CAS Project for Young Scientists in Basic Research/ ; },
}
@article {pmid38702855,
year = {2024},
author = {Staats, EG and Clarke, DN and Pearse, VB and Govenar, K and De Meulenaere, E and Deheyn, DD},
title = {Regulation of Green Fluorescent Proteins by Sea Anemones (Anthopleura spp.) in Response to Light.},
journal = {Integrative and comparative biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/icb/icae024},
pmid = {38702855},
issn = {1557-7023},
abstract = {Green Fluorescent Proteins (GFPs) are a family of proteins with a disjunct systematic distribution; their biological functions remain speculative for the most part. Here we report studies of 3 closely related species of green sea anemones (Anthopleura) that express GFPs throughout their ectoderm. Individuals of these species maintain facultative symbiosis with zooxanthellae in their endoderm and inhabit the rocky intertidal or shallow subtidal. Thus, they depend on exposure to light to maintain photosynthesis of their symbionts, and simultaneously need to manage stresses associated with this exposure. We present experimental evidence that these sea anemones regulate the amount of GFP in their bodies in response to the surrounding light environment: they increase or reduce GFP when exposed to brighter or dimmer light, respectively, yet they maintain some GFP while in darkness, for surprisingly long periods.},
}
@article {pmid38701980,
year = {2024},
author = {Liu, Z and Cao, S and He, X and Liu, G and Yao, H and Ding, S and Fang, J},
title = {Effects of crayfish shell powder and bamboo-derived biochar on nitrogen conversion, bacterial community and nitrogen functional genes during pig manure composting.},
journal = {Bioresource technology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {130783},
doi = {10.1016/j.biortech.2024.130783},
pmid = {38701980},
issn = {1873-2976},
abstract = {This study investigated the effects of crayfish shell powder (CSP) and bamboo-derived biochar (BDB) on nitrogen metabolism, bacterial community and nitrogen functional genes during pig manure composting. Four treatments were established: CP (with no additives), TP1 (5 % BDB), TP2 (5 % CSP) and TP3 (2.5 % BDB + 2.5 % CSP). Compared to CP, the germination index (GI) of TP reached > 85 % 10 days earlier. Meanwhile, TP3 reduced NH3 and N2O emissions by 42.90 % and 65.9 %, respectively, while increased TN (total nitrogen) concentration by 5.43 g/kg. Furthermore, additives changed the bacterial structure and formed a beneficial symbiotic relationship with essential N-preserving bacteria, thereby enhancing nitrogen retention throughout the composting process. Metagenomic analysis revealed that additives upregulated nitrification genes and downregulated denitrification and nitrate reduction genes, ultimately improving nitrogen cycling and mitigating NH3 and N2O emissions. In conclusion, the results confirmed that TP3 was the most effective treatment in reducing nitrogen loss.},
}
@article {pmid38701679,
year = {2024},
author = {Siegl, A and Afjehi-Sadat, L and Wienkoop, S},
title = {Systemic long-distance sulfur transport and its role in symbiotic root nodule protein turnover.},
journal = {Journal of plant physiology},
volume = {297},
number = {},
pages = {154260},
doi = {10.1016/j.jplph.2024.154260},
pmid = {38701679},
issn = {1618-1328},
abstract = {Sulfur is an essential nutrient for all plants, but also crucial for the nitrogen fixing symbiosis between legumes and rhizobia. Sulfur limitation can hamper nodule development and functioning. Until now, it remained unclear whether sulfate uptake into nodules is local or mainly systemic via the roots, and if long-distance transport from shoots to roots and into nodules occurs. Therefore, this work investigates the systemic regulation of sulfur transportation in the model legume Lotus japonicus by applying stable isotope labeling to a split-root system. Metabolite and protein extraction together with mass spectrometry analyses were conducted to determine the plants molecular phenotype and relative isotope protein abundances. Data show that treatments of varying sulfate concentrations including the absence of sulfate on one side of a nodulated root was not affecting nodule development as long as the other side of the root system was provided with sufficient sulfate. Concentrations of shoot metabolites did not indicate a significant stress response caused by a lack of sulfur. Further, we did not observe any quantitative changes in proteins involved in biological nitrogen fixation in response to the different sulfate treatments. Relative isotope abundance of [34]S confirmed a long-distance transport of sulfur from one side of the roots to the other side and into the nodules. Altogether, these results provide evidence for a systemic long-distance transport of sulfur via the upper part of the plant to the nodules suggesting a demand driven sulfur distribution for the maintenance of symbiotic N-fixation.},
}
@article {pmid38701020,
year = {2024},
author = {Fu, M and Yao, X and Li, X and Liu, J and Bai, M and Fang, Z and Gong, J and Guan, Y and Xie, F},
title = {GmNLP1 and GmNLP4 activate nitrate-induced CLE peptides NIC1a/b to mediate nitrate-regulated root nodulation.},
journal = {The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/tpj.16795},
pmid = {38701020},
issn = {1365-313X},
support = {32100194//National Outstanding Youth Science Fund Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; },
abstract = {Symbiotic nitrogen fixation is an energy-intensive process, to maintain the balance between growth and nitrogen fixation, high concentrations of nitrate inhibit root nodulation. However, the precise mechanism underlying the nitrate inhibition of nodulation in soybean remains elusive. In this study, CRISPR-Cas9-mediated knockout of GmNLP1 and GmNLP4 unveiled a notable nitrate-tolerant nodulation phenotype. GmNLP1b and GmNLP4a play a significant role in the nitrate-triggered inhibition of nodulation, as the expression of nitrate-responsive genes was largely suppressed in Gmnlp1b and Gmnlp4a mutants. Furthermore, we demonstrated that GmNLP1b and GmNLP4a can bind to the promoters of GmNIC1a and GmNIC1b and activate their expression. Manipulations targeting GmNIC1a and GmNIC1b through knockdown or overexpression strategies resulted in either increased or decreased nodule number in response to nitrate. Additionally, transgenic roots that constitutively express GmNIC1a or GmNIC1b rely on both NARK and hydroxyproline O-arabinosyltransferase RDN1 to prevent the inhibitory effects imposed by nitrate on nodulation. In conclusion, this study highlights the crucial role of the GmNLP1/4-GmNIC1a/b module in mediating high nitrate-induced inhibition of nodulation.},
}
@article {pmid38700516,
year = {2024},
author = {F, K and L, B and M, EM and M R, B and N, F and R, B and F, B and A, S and C, D and M N, F and G, G and M J, G and M, L and A, L and W L, M and A, N and A, S and G, S and E I, V and K, V and L, V and B, Z and L, A and D, D and M, B},
title = {"Ectomycorrhizal exploration type" could be a functional trait explaining the spatial distribution of tree symbiotic fungi as a function of forest humus forms.},
journal = {Mycorrhiza},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {38700516},
issn = {1432-1890},
support = {AAPG2019 CES32//Agence Nationale de la Recherche/ ; },
abstract = {In European forests, most tree species form symbioses with ectomycorrhizal (EM) and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. The EM fungi are classified into different morphological types based on the development and structure of their extraradical mycelium. These structures could be root extensions that help trees to acquire nutrients. However, the relationship between these morphological traits and functions involved in soil nutrient foraging is still under debate.We described the composition of mycorrhizal fungal communities under 23 tree species in a wide range of climates and humus forms in Europe and investigated the exploratory types of EM fungi. We assessed the response of this tree extended phenotype to humus forms, as an indicator of the functioning and quality of forest soils. We found a significant relationship between the relative proportion of the two broad categories of EM exploration types (short- or long-distance) and the humus form, showing a greater proportion of long-distance types in the least dynamic soils. As past land-use and host tree species are significant factors structuring fungal communities, we showed this relationship was modulated by host trait (gymnosperms versus angiosperms), soil depth and past land use (farmland or forest).We propose that this potential functional trait of EM fungi be used in future studies to improve predictive models of forest soil functioning and tree adaptation to environmental nutrient conditions.},
}
@article {pmid38699194,
year = {2024},
author = {Dellisanti, W and Zhang, Q and Ferrier-Pagès, C and Kühl, M},
title = {Contrasting effects of increasing dissolved iron on photosynthesis and O2 availability in the gastric cavity of two Mediterranean corals.},
journal = {PeerJ},
volume = {12},
number = {},
pages = {e17259},
pmid = {38699194},
issn = {2167-8359},
mesh = {*Anthozoa/drug effects/metabolism ; Animals ; *Photosynthesis/drug effects ; *Iron/metabolism ; *Oxygen/metabolism ; Mediterranean Sea ; Symbiosis ; },
abstract = {Iron (Fe) plays a fundamental role in coral symbiosis, supporting photosynthesis, respiration, and many important enzymatic reactions. However, the extent to which corals are limited by Fe and their metabolic responses to inorganic Fe enrichment remains to be understood. We used respirometry, variable chlorophyll fluorescence, and O2 microsensors to investigate the impact of increasing Fe(III) concentrations (20, 50, and 100 nM) on the photosynthetic capacity of two Mediterranean coral species, Cladocora caespitosa and Oculina patagonica. While the bioavailability of inorganic Fe can rapidly decrease, we nevertheless observed significant physiological effects at all Fe concentrations. In C. caespitosa, exposure to 50 nM Fe(III) increased rates of respiration and photosynthesis, while the relative electron transport rate (rETR(II)) decreased at higher Fe(III) exposure (100 nM). In contrast, O. patagonica reduced respiration, photosynthesis rates, and maximum PSII quantum yield (Fv/Fm) across all iron enrichments. Both corals exhibited increased hypoxia (<50 µmol O2 L[-1]) within their gastric cavity at night when exposed to 50 and 100 nM Fe(III), leading to increased polyp contraction time and reduced O2 exchange with the surrounding water. Our results indicate that C. caespitosa, but not O. patagonica, might be limited in Fe for achieving maximal photosynthetic efficiency. Understanding the multifaceted role of iron in corals' health and their response to environmental change is crucial for effective coral conservation.},
}
@article {pmid38698807,
year = {2024},
author = {Yang, M and Li, B and Gan, Z and Dong, D and Li, X},
title = {A new chemosymbiotic bivalve species of the genus Acharax Dall, 1908 (Bivalvia, Solemyida, Solemyidae) from the Haima cold seep of the South China Sea.},
journal = {ZooKeys},
volume = {1198},
number = {},
pages = {185-192},
pmid = {38698807},
issn = {1313-2989},
abstract = {Solemyidae is an ancient group of protobranch bivalves that typically inhabit unusual environments, such as deep-sea chemosynthetic environments, and are symbiotic with chemoautotrophic and gill-hosted bacteria. In May 2018, a living solemyid bivalve was collected using a remotely operated vehicle at a depth of 1,390 m from the Haima cold seep in the northwestern slope of the South China Sea. Through a comprehensive taxonomic approach combining morphological observations and molecular phylogeny reconstruction of concatenated mitochondrial COI,16S rRNA and 18S rRNA gene sequences, a new species, Acharaxhaimaensissp. nov. is identified and described. The discovery of this new species contributes to the diversity of known solemyids in deep-sea chemosynthetic environments.},
}
@article {pmid38696719,
year = {2024},
author = {Contreras-Moreno, FJ and Moraleda-Muñoz, A and Marcos-Torres, FJ and Cuéllar, V and Soto, MJ and Pérez, J and Muñoz-Dorado, J},
title = {Siderophores and competition for iron govern myxobacterial predation dynamics.},
journal = {The ISME journal},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/ismejo/wrae077},
pmid = {38696719},
issn = {1751-7370},
abstract = {Bacterial predators are decisive organisms that shape microbial ecosystems. In this study, we investigated the role of iron and siderophores during the predatory interaction between two rhizosphere bacteria: Myxococcus xanthus, an epibiotic predator, and Sinorhizobium meliloti, a bacterium that establishes nitrogen-fixing symbiosis with legumes. The results show that iron enhances the motility of the predator and facilitates its predatory capability, and that intoxication by iron is not used by the predator to prey, although oxidative stress increases in both bacteria during predation. However, competition for iron plays an important role in the outcome of predatory interactions. Using combinations of predator and prey mutants (non-producers and overproducers of siderophores), we have investigated the importance of competition for iron in predation. The results demonstrate that the competitor that, via the production of siderophores, obtains sufficient iron for growth and depletes metal availability for the opponent will prevail in the interaction. Consequently, iron fluctuations in soils may modify the composition of microbial communities by altering the activity of myxobacterial predators. In addition, siderophore overproduction during predation can alter soil properties, affecting the productivity and sustainability of agricultural operations.},
}
@article {pmid38695606,
year = {2024},
author = {Wang, X-Q and Du, K and Chen, C and Hou, P and Li, W-F and Chen, Y and Li, Q and Zhou, C-Z},
title = {Profiling the interplay and coevolution of Microcystis aeruginosa and cyanosiphophage Mic1.},
journal = {Microbiology spectrum},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e0029824},
doi = {10.1128/spectrum.00298-24},
pmid = {38695606},
issn = {2165-0497},
abstract = {UNLABELLED: The cyanosiphophage Mic1 specifically infects the bloom-forming Microcystis aeruginosa FACHB 1339 from Lake Chaohu, China. Previous genomic analysis showed that its 92,627 bp double-stranded DNA genome consists of 98 putative open reading frames, 63% of which are of unknown function. Here, we investigated the transcriptome dynamics of Mic1 and its host using RNA sequencing. In the early, middle, and late phases of the 10 h lytic cycle, the Mic1 genes are sequentially expressed and could be further temporally grouped into two distinct clusters in each phase. Notably, six early genes, including gp49 that encodes a TnpB-like transposase, immediately reach the highest transcriptional level in half an hour, representing a pioneer cluster that rapidly regulates and redirects host metabolism toward the phage. An in-depth analysis of the host transcriptomic profile in response to Mic1 infection revealed significant upregulation of a polyketide synthase pathway and a type III-B CRISPR system, accompanied by moderate downregulation of the photosynthesis and key metabolism pathways. The constant increase of phage transcripts and relatively low replacement rate over the host transcripts indicated that Mic1 utilizes a unique strategy to gradually take over a small portion of host metabolism pathways after infection. In addition, genomic analysis of a less-infective Mic1 and a Mic1-resistant host strain further confirmed their dynamic interplay and coevolution via the frequent horizontal gene transfer. These findings provide insights into the mutual benefit and symbiosis of the highly polymorphic cyanobacteria M. aeruginosa and cyanophages.<br><br>IMPORTANCE: The highly polymorphic Microcystis aeruginosa is one of the predominant bloom-forming cyanobacteria in eutrophic freshwater bodies and is infected by diverse and abundant cyanophages. The presence of a large number of defense systems in M. aeruginosa genome suggests a dynamic interplay and coevolution with the cyanophages. In this study, we investigated the temporal gene expression pattern of Mic1 after infection and the corresponding transcriptional responses of its host. Moreover, the identification of a less-infective Mic1 and a Mic1-resistant host strain provided the evolved genes in the phage-host coevolution during the multiple-generation cultivation in the laboratory. Our findings enrich the knowledge on the interplay and coevolution of M. aeruginosa and its cyanophages and lay the foundation for the future application of cyanophage as a potential eco-friendly and bio-safe agent in controlling the succession of harmful cyanobacterial blooms.},
}
@article {pmid38695522,
year = {2024},
author = {Septer, AN and Visick, KL},
title = {Lighting the way: how the Vibrio fischeri model microbe reveals the complexity of Earth's "simplest" life forms.},
journal = {Journal of bacteriology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e0003524},
doi = {10.1128/jb.00035-24},
pmid = {38695522},
issn = {1098-5530},
abstract = {Vibrio (Aliivibrio) fischeri's initial rise to fame derived from its alluring production of blue-green light. Subsequent studies to probe the mechanisms underlying this bioluminescence helped the field discover the phenomenon now known as quorum sensing. Orthologs of quorum-sensing regulators (i.e., LuxR and LuxI) originally identified in V. fischeri were subsequently uncovered in a plethora of bacterial species, and analogous pathways were found in yet others. Over the past three decades, the study of this microbe has greatly expanded to probe the unique role of V. fischeri as the exclusive symbiont of the light organ of the Hawaiian bobtail squid, Euprymna scolopes. Buoyed by this optically amenable host and by persistent and insightful researchers who have applied novel and cross-disciplinary approaches, V. fischeri has developed into a robust model for microbe-host associations. It has contributed to our understanding of how bacteria experience and respond to specific, often fluxing environmental conditions and the mechanisms by which bacteria impact the development of their host. It has also deepened our understanding of numerous microbial processes such as motility and chemotaxis, biofilm formation and dispersal, and bacterial competition, and of the relevance of specific bacterial genes in the context of colonizing an animal host. Parallels in these processes between this symbiont and bacteria studied as pathogens are readily apparent, demonstrating functional conservation across diverse associations and permitting a reinterpretation of "pathogenesis." Collectively, these advances built a foundation for microbiome studies and have positioned V. fischeri to continue to expand the frontiers of our understanding of the microbial world inside animals.},
}
@article {pmid38693641,
year = {2024},
author = {Apostolou, E and Rosén, A},
title = {Epigenetic reprograming in myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome: A narrative of latent viruses.},
journal = {Journal of internal medicine},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/joim.13792},
pmid = {38693641},
issn = {1365-2796},
support = {4.3-2019-00201 GD-2020-138//Swedish Research Council/ ; 211832Pj01H2//Swedish Cancer Society/ ; },
abstract = {Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is a chronic disease presenting with severe fatigue, post-exertional malaise, and cognitive disturbances-among a spectrum of symptoms-that collectively render the patient housebound or bedbound. Epigenetic studies in ME/CFS collectively confirm alterations and/or malfunctions in cellular and organismal physiology associated with immune responses, cellular metabolism, cell death and proliferation, and neuronal and endothelial cell function. The sudden onset of ME/CFS follows a major stress factor that, in approximately 70% of cases, involves viral infection, and ME/CFS symptoms overlap with those of long COVID. Viruses primarily linked to ME/CFS pathology are the symbiotic herpesviruses, which follow a bivalent latent-lytic lifecycle. The complex interaction between viruses and hosts involves strategies from both sides: immune evasion and persistence by the viruses, and immune activation and viral clearance by the host. This dynamic interaction is imperative for herpesviruses that facilitate their persistence through epigenetic regulation of their own and the host genome. In the current article, we provide an overview of the epigenetic signatures demonstrated in ME/CFS and focus on the potential strategies that latent viruses-particularly Epstein-Barr virus-may employ in long-term epigenetic reprograming in ME/CFS. Epigenetic studies could aid in elucidating relevant biological pathways impacted in ME/CFS and reflect the physiological variations among the patients that stem from environmental triggers, including exogenous viruses and/or altered viral activity.},
}
@article {pmid38693461,
year = {2024},
author = {Inoue, K and Tsuchida, N and Saijo, Y},
title = {Modulation of plant immunity and biotic interactions under phosphate deficiency.},
journal = {Journal of plant research},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {38693461},
issn = {1618-0860},
support = {JPMJSC1702//Japan Science and Technology Agency/ ; JPMJTR23UJ//Japan Science and Technology Agency/ ; 18H02467//Japan Society for the Promotion of Science/ ; 21H02507//Japan Society for the Promotion of Science/ ; 22K05650//Japan Society for the Promotion of Science/ ; },
abstract = {Phosphorus (P) is an essential macronutrient for plant life and growth. P is primarily acquired in the form of inorganic phosphate (Pi) from soil. To cope with Pi deficiency, plants have evolved an elaborate system to improve Pi acquisition and utilization through an array of developmental and physiological changes, termed Pi starvation response (PSR). Plants also assemble and manage mutualistic microbes to enhance Pi uptake, through integrating PSR and immunity signaling. A trade-off between plant growth and defense favors the notion that plants lower a cellular state of immunity to accommodate host-beneficial microbes for nutrition and growth at the cost of infection risk. However, the existing data indicate that plants selectively activate defense responses against pathogens, but do not or less against non-pathogens, even under nutrient deficiency. In this review, we highlight recent advances in the principles and mechanisms with which plants balance immunity and growth-related processes to optimize their adaptation to Pi deficiency.},
}
@article {pmid38692276,
year = {2024},
author = {Li, C and Li, CQ and Chen, ZB and Liu, BQ and Sun, X and Wei, KH and Li, CY and Luan, JB},
title = {Wolbachia symbionts control sex in a parasitoid wasp using a horizontally acquired gene.},
journal = {Current biology : CB},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.cub.2024.04.035},
pmid = {38692276},
issn = {1879-0445},
abstract = {Host reproduction can be manipulated by bacterial symbionts in various ways. Parthenogenesis induction is the most effective type of reproduction manipulation by symbionts for their transmission. Insect sex is determined by regulation of doublesex (dsx) splicing through transformer2 (tra2) and transformer (tra) interaction. Although parthenogenesis induction by symbionts has been studied since the 1970s, its underlying molecular mechanism is unknown. Here we identify a Wolbachia parthenogenesis-induction feminization factor gene (piff) that targets sex-determining genes and causes female-producing parthenogenesis in the haplodiploid parasitoid Encarsia formosa. We found that Wolbachia elimination repressed expression of female-specific dsx and enhanced expression of male-specific dsx, which led to the production of wasp haploid male offspring. Furthermore, we found that E. formosa tra is truncated and non-functional, and Wolbachia has a functional tra homolog, termed piff, with an insect origin. Wolbachia PIFF can colocalize and interact with wasp TRA2. Moreover, Wolbachia piff has coordinated expression with tra2 and dsx of E. formosa. Our results demonstrate the bacterial symbiont Wolbachia has acquired an insect gene to manipulate the host sex determination cascade and induce parthenogenesis in wasps. This study reveals insect-to-bacteria horizontal gene transfer drives the evolution of animal sex determination systems, elucidating a striking mechanism of insect-microbe symbiosis.},
}
@article {pmid38692224,
year = {2024},
author = {McKinley, K and Tsaousis, AD and Rückert, S},
title = {Description and prevalence of gregarines infecting the amphipod Gammarus pulex, in the Water of Leith, Scotland, UK.},
journal = {European journal of protistology},
volume = {94},
number = {},
pages = {126084},
doi = {10.1016/j.ejop.2024.126084},
pmid = {38692224},
issn = {1618-0429},
abstract = {Gregarines are symbiotic protists that are found in a broad spectrum of invertebrates, including insects, crustaceans, and annelids. Among these the globally distributed amphipod Gammarus pulex is one of the earliest recognized hosts for aquatic gregarines and is prevalent among macroinvertebrates in freshwater environments. In this study, samples of G. pulex were collected in the Water of Leith river, Scotland, UK. Gregarines were identified using light and scanning electron microscopy as well as standard molecular techniques. We identified three septate eugregarine symbionts-Heliospora longissima, Cephaloidophora gammari, and the here newly characterized Cephaloidophora conus n. sp. (formerly Cephaloidophora sp.) associated with Gammarus pulex in the Water of Leith. Prevalences for identified gregarine species were calculated and seasonal dynamics of gregarine infections/colonization were analyzed. Prevalences were highest in autumn and spring reaching almost 50 %. While the two Cephaloidophora species showed similar colonization patterns, the prevalence of Heliospora showed an opposite trend. Identifying gregarine infection/colonization patterns is one step towards better understanding the gregarine-host relationship, as well as possible impacts of the gregarines on their hosts.},
}
@article {pmid38692088,
year = {2024},
author = {Elokil, A and Li, S and Chen, W and Farid, O and Abouelezz, K and Zohair, K and Nassar, F and El-Komy, E and Farag, S and Elattrouny, M},
title = {Ethoxyquin attenuates enteric oxidative stress and inflammation by promoting cytokine expressions and symbiotic microbiota in heat-stressed broilers.},
journal = {Poultry science},
volume = {103},
number = {6},
pages = {103761},
doi = {10.1016/j.psj.2024.103761},
pmid = {38692088},
issn = {1525-3171},
abstract = {Intestinal oxidative stress in broilers is produced by chronic heat stress (HS) and has a negative impact on poultry performance as it induces intestinal inflammation and promotes the invasion of gram-negative bacteria, such as bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Therefore, dietary inclusion of the antioxidant compound, ethoxyquin (EQ), could improve enteric antioxidant capacity, immune responses, and the epithelial barrier, and maintain the symbiotic gut microbiota community. To investigate the effects of EQ supplementation on alleviating enteric oxidative stress in heat-stressed broilers, 200 one-day-old male Ross 308 broilers were randomly assigned to 4 groups (n = 50 chicks/group; n = 10 chicks/replicate) and fed a basal diet supplemented with 0 (CT), 50 (EQ-50), 100 (EQ-100), and 200 (EQ-200) mg EQ/ kg[-1] for 5 wk. The chicks were raised in floor pens inside the broiler farm at a temperature and humidity index (THI) of 29 from d 21 to d 35. Growth performance traits, relative organ index, hepatic antioxidant enzymes, serum immunity, total adenylate, and cytokine activities were improved in the EQ-50 group (linear or quadratic P < 0.05), promoting the relative mRNA expression of cytokine gene-related anti-inflammatory and growth factors. A distinct microbial community colonised the gut microbiota in the EQ-50 group, with a high relative abundance of Lactobacillus, Ligilactobacillus, Limosilactobacillus, Pediococcus, Blautia, and Faecalibacterium compared to the other groups. Dietary supplementation with 50 mg EQ/ kg[-1] for 5 wk attenuates enteric oxidative stress and intestinal inflammation by enhancing serum immune and cytokine content (IgG, IL-6, and TGF-β,) and symbiotic microbiota in heat-stressed broilers. EQ promotes the expression of Hsp70, SOD2, GPx 4, IL-6, and IGF-1 cytokine gene-related anti-inflammatory and growth factors in heat-stressed hepatic broilers. Collectively, EQ-50 could be a suitable feed supplement for attenuating enteric oxidative stress and intestinal inflammation, thereby promoting the productivity of heat-stressed broilers.},
}
@article {pmid38691872,
year = {2024},
author = {Hewezi, T},
title = {Phytopathogens Reprogram Host Alternative mRNA Splicing.},
journal = {Annual review of phytopathology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1146/annurev-phyto-121423-041908},
pmid = {38691872},
issn = {1545-2107},
abstract = {Alternative splicing (AS) is an evolutionarily conserved cellular process in eukaryotes in which multiple messenger RNA (mRNA) transcripts are produced from a single gene. The concept that AS adds to transcriptome complexity and proteome diversity introduces a new perspective for understanding how phytopathogen-induced alterations in host AS cause diseases. Recently, it has been recognized that AS represents an integral component of the plant immune system during parasitic, commensalistic, and symbiotic interactions. Here, I provide an overview of recent progress detailing the reprogramming of plant AS by phytopathogens and the functional implications on disease phenotypes. Additionally, I discuss the vital function of AS of immune receptors in regulating plant immunity and how phytopathogens use effector proteins to target key components of the splicing machinery and exploit alternatively spliced variants of immune regulators to negate defense responses. Finally, the functional association between AS and nonsense-mediated mRNA decay in the context of plant-pathogen interface is recapitulated.},
}
@article {pmid38691426,
year = {2024},
author = {Gaisin, VA and van Wolferen, M and Albers, SV and Pilhofer, M},
title = {Distinct life cycle stages of an ectosymbiotic DPANN archaeon.},
journal = {The ISME journal},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/ismejo/wrae076},
pmid = {38691426},
issn = {1751-7370},
abstract = {DPANN archaea are a diverse group of microorganisms that are thought to rely on an ectosymbiotic lifestyle; however, the cell biology of these cell-cell interactions remains largely unknown. We applied live-cell imaging and cryo-electron tomography to the DPANN archaeon Nanobdella aerobiophila and its host, revealing two distinct life cycle stages. Free cells possess archaella and are motile. Ectobiotic cells are intimately linked with the host through an elaborate attachment organelle. Our data suggest that free cells may actively seek a new host, while the ectobiotic state is adapted to mediate intricate interaction with the host.},
}
@article {pmid38691425,
year = {2024},
author = {Richter, I and Hasan, M and Kramer, JW and Wein, P and Krabbe, J and Woitas, KP and Stinear, TP and Pidot, SJ and Kloss, F and Hertweck, C and Lackner, G},
title = {Deazaflavin metabolite produced by endosymbiotic bacteria controls fungal host reproduction.},
journal = {The ISME journal},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/ismejo/wrae074},
pmid = {38691425},
issn = {1751-7370},
abstract = {The endosymbiosis between the pathogenic fungus Rhizopus microsporus and the toxin-producing bacterium Mycetohabitans rhizoxinica represents a unique example of host control by an endosymbiont. Fungal sporulation strictly depends on the presence of endosymbionts as well as bacterially produced secondary metabolites. However, an influence of primary metabolites on host control remained unexplored. Recently, we discovered that M. rhizoxinica produces FO and 3PG-F420, a derivative of the specialized redox cofactor F420. Whether FO/3PG-F420 plays a role in the symbiosis has yet to be investigated. Here, we report that FO, the precursor of 3PG-F420, is essential to the establishment of a stable symbiosis. Bioinformatic analysis revealed that the genetic inventory to produce cofactor 3PG-F420 is conserved in the genomes of eight endofungal Mycetohabitans strains. By developing a CRISPR/Cas-assisted base editing strategy for M. rhizoxinica, we generated mutant strains deficient in 3PG-F420 (M. rhizoxinica ΔcofC) and in both FO and 3PG-F420 (M. rhizoxinica ΔfbiC). Co-culture experiments demonstrated that the sporulating phenotype of apo-symbiotic R. microsporus is maintained upon reinfection with wild-type M. rhizoxinica or M. rhizoxinica ΔcofC. In contrast, R. microsporus is unable to sporulate when co-cultivated with M. rhizoxinica ΔfbiC, even though the fungus was observed by super-resolution fluorescence microscopy to be successfully colonized. Genetic and chemical complementation of the FO deficiency of M. rhizoxinica ΔfbiC led to restoration of fungal sporulation, signifying that FO is indispensable for establishing a functional symbiosis. Even though FO is known for its light-harvesting properties, our data illustrate an important role of FO in inter-kingdom communication.},
}
@article {pmid38690786,
year = {2024},
author = {Knights, HE and Ramachandran, VK and Jorrin, B and Ledermann, R and Parsons, JD and Aroney, STN and Poole, PS},
title = {Rhizobium determinants of rhizosphere persistence and root colonisation.},
journal = {The ISME journal},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/ismejo/wrae072},
pmid = {38690786},
issn = {1751-7370},
abstract = {Bacterial persistence in the rhizosphere and colonisation of root niches are critical for the establishment of many beneficial plant-bacteria interactions including those between Rhizobium leguminosarum and its host legumes. Despite this, most studies on R. leguminosarum have focused on its symbiotic lifestyle as an endosymbiont in root nodules. Here, we use random barcode transposon sequencing (RB-TnSeq) to assay gene contributions of R. leguminosarum during competitive growth in the rhizosphere and colonisation of various plant species. This facilitated the identification of 189 genes commonly required for growth in diverse plant rhizospheres, mutation of 111 of which also affected subsequent root colonisation (rhizosphere progressive), and a further 119 genes necessary for colonisation. Common determinants reveal a need to synthesise essential compounds (amino acids, ribonucleotides, and cofactors), adapt metabolic function, respond to external stimuli, and withstand various stresses (such as changes in osmolarity). Additionally, chemotaxis and flagella-mediated motility are prerequisites for root colonisation. Many genes showed plant-specific dependencies highlighting significant adaptation to different plant species. This work provides a greater understanding of factors promoting rhizosphere fitness and root colonisation in plant-beneficial bacteria, facilitating their exploitation for agricultural benefit.},
}
@article {pmid38690608,
year = {2024},
author = {Scott, CB and Ostling, A and Matz, MV},
title = {Should I stay or should I go? Coral bleaching from the symbionts' perspective.},
journal = {Ecology letters},
volume = {27},
number = {5},
pages = {e14429},
doi = {10.1111/ele.14429},
pmid = {38690608},
issn = {1461-0248},
support = {26-1021-06//Division of Ocean Sciences/ ; 2137420//Division of Graduate Education/ ; },
mesh = {*Symbiosis ; Animals ; *Anthozoa/physiology/microbiology ; *Coral Reefs ; *Coral Bleaching ; Models, Biological ; },
abstract = {Coral bleaching, the stress-induced breakdown of coral-algal symbiosis, threatens reefs globally. Paradoxically, despite adverse fitness effects, corals bleach annually, even outside of abnormal temperatures. This generally occurs shortly after the once-per-year mass coral spawning. Here, we propose a hypothesis linking annual coral bleaching and the transmission of symbionts to the next generation of coral hosts. We developed a dynamic model with two symbiont growth strategies, and found that high sexual recruitment and low adult coral survivorship and growth favour bleaching susceptibility, while the reverse promotes bleaching resilience. Otherwise, unexplained trends in the Indo-Pacific align with our hypothesis, where reefs and coral taxa exhibiting higher recruitment are more bleaching susceptible. The results from our model caution against interpreting potential shifts towards more bleaching-resistant symbionts as evidence of climate adaptation-we predict such a shift could also occur in declining systems experiencing low recruitment rates, a common scenario on today's reefs.},
}
@article {pmid38689638,
year = {2024},
author = {Oguchi, K and Harumoto, T and Katsuno, T and Matsuura, Y and Chiyoda, S and Fukatsu, T},
title = {Intracellularity, extracellularity, and squeezing in the symbiotic organ underpin nurturing and functioning of bacterial symbiont in leaf beetles.},
journal = {iScience},
volume = {27},
number = {5},
pages = {109731},
pmid = {38689638},
issn = {2589-0042},
abstract = {Cassidine leaf beetles are associated with genome-reduced symbiotic bacteria Stammera involved in pectin digestion. Stammera cells appear to be harbored in paired symbiotic organs located at the foregut-midgut junction either intracellularly or extracellularly, whereas the symbiont is extracellular in the ovary-accessory glands of adult females and during caplet transmission in eggs. However, using fluorescence and electron microscopy, an intracellular symbiotic configuration of Stammera was observed in Notosacantha species. Detailed inspection of other cassidine species revealed fragmented cell membrane and cytoplasm of the symbiotic organs, wherein Stammera cells are in an intermediate status between intracellularity and extracellularity. We also identified a mitochondria-rich region adjacent to the symbiont-filled region and well-developed muscle fibers surrounding the whole symbiotic organ. Based on these observations, we discuss why the Stammera genome has been reduced so drastically and how symbiont-derived pectinases are produced and supplied to the host's alimentary tract for plant cell wall digestion.},
}
@article {pmid38685321,
year = {2024},
author = {James, A and Rene, ER and Bilyaminu, AM and Chellam, PV},
title = {Advances in amelioration of air pollution using plants and associated microbes: An outlook on phytoremediation and other plant-based technologies.},
journal = {Chemosphere},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {142182},
doi = {10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142182},
pmid = {38685321},
issn = {1879-1298},
abstract = {Globally, air pollution is an unfortunate aftermath of rapid industrialization and urbanization. Although the best strategy is to prevent air pollution, it is not always feasible. This makes it imperative to devise and implement techniques that can clean the air continuously. Plants and microbes have a natural potential to transform or degrade pollutants. Hence, strategies that use this potential of living biomass to remediate air pollution seem to be promising. The simplest future trend can be planting suitable plant-microbe species capable of removing air pollutants like SO2, CO2, CO, NOX and particulate matter (PM) along roadsides and inside the buildings. Established wastewater treatment strategies such as microbial fuel cells (MFC) and constructed wetlands (CW) can be suitably modified to ameliorate air pollution. Green architecture involving green walls and green roofs is facile and aesthetic, providing urban ecosystem services. Certain microbe-based bioreactors such as bioscrubbers and biofilters may be useful in small confined spaces. Several generative models have been developed to assist with planning and managing green spaces in urban locales. The physiological limitations of using living organisms can be circumvent by applying biotechnology and transgenics to improve their potential. This review provides a comprehensive update on not just the plants and associated microbes for the mitigation of air pollution, but also lists the technologies that are available and/or can be modified and used for air pollution control. The article also gives a detailed analysis of this topic in the form of strengths-weaknesses-opportunities-challenges (SWOC). The strategies mentioned in this review would help to attain corporate Environmental Social and Governance (ESG) and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), while reducing carbon footprint in the urban scenario. The review aims to emphasise that urbanization is possible while tackling air pollution using facile, green techniques involving plants and associated microbes.},
}
@article {pmid38685253,
year = {2024},
author = {Gu, M and Lv, S and Hu, M and Yang, Z and Xiao, Y and Wang, X and Liang, P and Zhang, L},
title = {Sphingomonas bacteria could serve as an early bioindicator for the development of chlorantraniliprole resistance in Spodoptera frugiperda.},
journal = {Pesticide biochemistry and physiology},
volume = {201},
number = {},
pages = {105891},
doi = {10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.105891},
pmid = {38685253},
issn = {1095-9939},
mesh = {Animals ; *Spodoptera/drug effects/microbiology ; *ortho-Aminobenzoates/pharmacology ; *Insecticides/pharmacology/toxicity ; *Larva/drug effects ; *Sphingomonas/drug effects/genetics ; Insecticide Resistance/genetics ; },
abstract = {The fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) was found to have invaded China in December 2018, and in just one year, crops in 26 provinces were heavily affected. Currently, the most effective method for emergency control of fulminant pests is to use of chemical pesticides. Recently, most fall armyworm populations in China were begining to exhibite low level resistance to chlorantraniliprole. At present, it is not possible to sensitively reflect the low level resistance of S. frugiperda by detecting target mutation and detoxification enzyme activity. In this study we found that 12 successive generations of screening with chlorantraniliprole caused S. frugiperda to develop low level resistance to this insecticide, and this phenotype was not attribute to genetic mutations in S. frugiperda, but rather to a marked increase in the relative amount of the symbiotic bacteria Sphingomonas. Using FISH and qPCR assays, we determined the amount of Sphingomonas in the gut of S. frugiperda and found Sphingomonas accumulation to be highest in the 3rd-instar larvae. Additionally, Sphingomonas was observed to provide a protective effect to against chlorantraniliprole stress to S. frugiperda. With the increase of the resistance to chlorantraniliprole, the abundance of bacteria also increased, we propose Sphingomonas monitoring could be adapted into an early warning index for the development of chlorantraniliprole resistance in S. frugiperda populations, such that timely measures can be taken to delay or prevent the widespread propagation of resistance to this highly useful agricultural chemical in S. frugiperda field populations.},
}
@article {pmid38684959,
year = {2024},
author = {Sunithakumari, VS and Menon, RR and Suresh, GG and Krishnan, R and Rameshkumar, N},
title = {Characterization of a novel root-associated diazotrophic rare PGPR taxa, Aquabacter pokkalii sp. nov., isolated from pokkali rice: new insights into the plant-associated lifestyle and brackish adaptation.},
journal = {BMC genomics},
volume = {25},
number = {1},
pages = {424},
pmid = {38684959},
issn = {1471-2164},
mesh = {*Oryza/microbiology/genetics/growth &amp; development ; *Plant Roots/microbiology/growth &amp; development ; *Nitrogen Fixation ; *Phylogeny ; Rhizosphere ; Salinity ; Adaptation, Physiological/genetics ; Symbiosis ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics ; },
abstract = {Salinity impacts crop growth and productivity and lowers the activities of rhizosphere microbiota. The identification and utilization of habitat-specific salinity-adapted plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are considered alternative strategies to improve the growth and yields of crops in salinity-affected coastal agricultural fields. In this study, we characterize strain L1I39[T], the first Aquabacter species with PGPR traits isolated from a salt-tolerant pokkali rice cultivated in brackish environments. L1I39[T] is positive for 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase activity and nitrogen fixation and can promote pokkali rice growth by supplying fixed nitrogen under a nitrogen-deficient seawater condition. Importantly, enhanced plant growth and efficient root colonization were evident in L1I39[T]-inoculated plants grown under 20% seawater but not in zero-seawater conditions, identifying brackish conditions as a key local environmental factor critical for L1I39[T]-pokkali rice symbiosis. Detailed physiological studies revealed that L1I39[T] is well-adapted to brackish environments. In-depth genome analysis of L1I39[T] identified multiple gene systems contributing to its plant-associated lifestyle and brackish adaptations. The 16S rRNA-based metagenomic study identified L1I39[T] as an important rare PGPR taxon. Based on the polyphasic taxonomy analysis, we established strain L1I39[T] as a novel Aquabacter species and proposed Aquabacter pokkalii sp nov. Overall, this study provides a better understanding of a marine-adapted PGPR strain L1I39[T] that may perform a substantial role in host growth and health in nitrogen-poor brackish environments.},
}
@article {pmid38684951,
year = {2024},
author = {Li, Y and Guo, T and Sun, L and Wang, ET and Young, JPW and Tian, CF},
title = {Phylogenomic analyses and reclassification of the Mesorhizobium complex: proposal for 9 novel genera and reclassification of 15 species.},
journal = {BMC genomics},
volume = {25},
number = {1},
pages = {419},
pmid = {38684951},
issn = {1471-2164},
mesh = {*Phylogeny ; *Mesorhizobium/genetics/classification ; *Genome, Bacterial ; Genomics/methods ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUD: The genus Mesorhizobium is shown by phylogenomics to be paraphyletic and forms part of a complex that includes the genera Aminobacter, Aquamicrobium, Pseudaminobacter and Tianweitania. The relationships for type strains belong to these genera need to be carefully re-evaluated.<br><br>RESULTS: The relationships of Mesorhizobium complex are evaluated based on phylogenomic analyses and overall genome relatedness indices (OGRIs) of 61 type strains. According to the maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree based on concatenated sequences of 539 core proteins and the tree constructed using the bac120 bacterial marker set from Genome Taxonomy Database, 65 type strains were grouped into 9 clusters. Moreover, 10 subclusters were identified based on the OGRIs including average nucleotide identity (ANI), average amino acid identity (AAI) and core-proteome average amino acid identity (cAAI), with AAI and cAAI showing a clear intra- and inter-(sub)cluster gaps of 77.40-80.91% and 83.98-86.16%, respectively. Combined with the phylogenetic trees and OGRIs, the type strains were reclassified into 15 genera. This list includes five defined genera Mesorhizobium, Aquamicrobium, Pseudaminobacter, Aminobacterand Tianweitania, among which 40/41 Mesorhizobium species and one Aminobacter species are canonical legume microsymbionts. The other nine (sub)clusters are classified as novel genera. Cluster III, comprising symbiotic M. alhagi and M. camelthorni, is classified as Allomesorhizobium gen. nov. Cluster VI harbored a single symbiotic species M. albiziae and is classified as Neomesorhizobium gen. nov. The remaining seven non-symbiotic members were proposed as: Neoaquamicrobium gen. nov., Manganibacter gen. nov., Ollibium gen. nov., Terribium gen. nov., Kumtagia gen. nov., Borborobacter gen. nov., Aerobium gen. nov.. Furthermore, the genus Corticibacterium is restored and two species in Subcluster IX-1 are reclassified as the member of this genus.<br><br>CONCLUSION: The Mesorhizobium complex are classified into 15 genera based on phylogenomic analyses and OGRIs of 65 type strains. This study resolved previously non-monophyletic genera in the Mesorhizobium complex.},
}
@article {pmid38684658,
year = {2024},
author = {Rolando, JL and Kolton, M and Song, T and Liu, Y and Pinamang, P and Conrad, R and Morris, JT and Konstantinidis, KT and Kostka, JE},
title = {Sulfur oxidation and reduction are coupled to nitrogen fixation in the roots of the salt marsh foundation plant Spartina alterniflora.},
journal = {Nature communications},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {3607},
pmid = {38684658},
issn = {2041-1723},
support = {NA18OAR4170084//United States Department of Commerce | National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)/ ; DEB 1754756//National Science Foundation (NSF)/ ; },
mesh = {*Nitrogen Fixation ; *Sulfur/metabolism ; *Oxidation-Reduction ; *Plant Roots/metabolism/microbiology ; *Wetlands ; *Poaceae/metabolism ; Phylogeny ; Symbiosis ; Bacteria/metabolism/genetics/classification ; Metagenome ; Sulfates/metabolism ; Nitrogen/metabolism ; },
abstract = {Heterotrophic activity, primarily driven by sulfate-reducing prokaryotes, has traditionally been linked to nitrogen fixation in the root zone of coastal marine plants, leaving the role of chemolithoautotrophy in this process unexplored. Here, we show that sulfur oxidation coupled to nitrogen fixation is a previously overlooked process providing nitrogen to coastal marine macrophytes. In this study, we recovered 239 metagenome-assembled genomes from a salt marsh dominated by the foundation plant Spartina alterniflora, including diazotrophic sulfate-reducing and sulfur-oxidizing bacteria. Abundant sulfur-oxidizing bacteria encode and highly express genes for carbon fixation (RuBisCO), nitrogen fixation (nifHDK) and sulfur oxidation (oxidative-dsrAB), especially in roots stressed by sulfidic and reduced sediment conditions. Stressed roots exhibited the highest rates of nitrogen fixation and expression level of sulfur oxidation and sulfate reduction genes. Close relatives of marine symbionts from the Candidatus Thiodiazotropha genus contributed ~30% and ~20% of all sulfur-oxidizing dsrA and nitrogen-fixing nifK transcripts in stressed roots, respectively. Based on these findings, we propose that the symbiosis between S. alterniflora and sulfur-oxidizing bacteria is key to ecosystem functioning of coastal salt marshes.},
}
@article {pmid38684082,
year = {2024},
author = {Bartošová-Sojková, P and Butenko, A and Richtová, J and Fiala, I and Oborník, M and Lukeš, J},
title = {Inside the Host: Understanding the Evolutionary Trajectories of Intracellular Parasitism.},
journal = {Annual review of microbiology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1146/annurev-micro-041222-025305},
pmid = {38684082},
issn = {1545-3251},
abstract = {This review explores the origins of intracellular parasitism, an intriguing facet of symbiosis, where one organism harms its host, potentially becoming deadly. We focus on three distantly related groups of single-celled eukaryotes, namely Kinetoplastea, Holomycota, and Apicomplexa, which contain multiple species-rich lineages of intracellular parasites. Using comparative analysis of morphological, physiological, and molecular features of kinetoplastids, microsporidians, and sporozoans, as well as their closest free-living relatives, we reveal the evolutionary trajectories and adaptations that enabled the transition to intracellular parasitism. Intracellular parasites have evolved various efficient mechanisms for host acquisition and exploitation, allowing them to thrive in a variety of hosts. Each group has developed unique features related to the parasitic lifestyle, involving dedicated protein families associated with host cell invasion, survival, and exit. Indeed, parallel evolution has led to distinct lineages of intracellular parasites employing diverse traits and approaches to achieve similar outcomes.},
}
@article {pmid38682502,
year = {2024},
author = {Mirbeth, C and Ohneberg, C and Eberl, I},
title = {Symbiosis of Technology and Ethics: Preliminary Results of an Inquiry into the Moral Dimensions in the Use of Robotic Systems in Patient Care.},
journal = {Studies in health technology and informatics},
volume = {313},
number = {},
pages = {41-42},
doi = {10.3233/SHTI240009},
pmid = {38682502},
issn = {1879-8365},
mesh = {*Robotics/ethics ; Humans ; Morals ; Patient Care/ethics ; },
abstract = {The present study aims to describe ethical and social requirements for technical and robotic systems for caregiving from the perspective of users. Users are interviewed in the ReduSys project during the development phase (prospective viewpoint) and after technology testing in the clinical setting (retrospective viewpoint). The preliminary results presented here refer to the prospective viewpoint.},
}
@article {pmid38682283,
year = {2024},
author = {Zhou, S and Chen, T and Fu, ES and Zhou, T and Shi, L and Yan, H},
title = {A microfluidic microalgae detection system for cellular physiological response based on an object detection algorithm.},
journal = {Lab on a chip},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1039/d3lc00941f},
pmid = {38682283},
issn = {1473-0189},
abstract = {The composition of species and the physiological status of microalgal cells serve as significant indicators for monitoring marine environments. Symbiotic with corals, Symbiodiniaceae are more sensitive to the environmental response. However, current methods for evaluating microalgae tend to be population-based indicators that cannot be focused on single-cell level, ignoring potentially heterogeneous cells as well as cell state transitions. In this study, we proposed a microalgal cell detection method based on computer vision and microfluidics, which combined microscopic image processing, microfluidic chip and convolutional neural network to achieve label-free, sheathless, automated and high-throughput microalgae identification and cell state assessment. By optimizing the data import, training process and model architecture, we solved the problem of identifying tiny objects at the micron scale, and the optimized model was able to perform the tasks of cell multi-classification and physiological state assessment with more than 95% mean average precision. We discovered a novel transition state and explored the thermal sensitivity of three clades of Symbiodiniaceae, and discovered the phenomenon of cellular heat shock at high temperatures. The evolution of the physiological state of Symbiodiniaceae cells is very important for directional cell evolution and early warning of coral ecosystem health.},
}
@article {pmid38681860,
year = {2024},
author = {Ghosh, D and Biswas, A and Radhakrishna, M},
title = {Advanced computational approaches to understand protein aggregation.},
journal = {Biophysics reviews},
volume = {5},
number = {2},
pages = {021302},
pmid = {38681860},
issn = {2688-4089},
abstract = {Protein aggregation is a widespread phenomenon implicated in debilitating diseases like Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and cataracts, presenting complex hurdles for the field of molecular biology. In this review, we explore the evolving realm of computational methods and bioinformatics tools that have revolutionized our comprehension of protein aggregation. Beginning with a discussion of the multifaceted challenges associated with understanding this process and emphasizing the critical need for precise predictive tools, we highlight how computational techniques have become indispensable for understanding protein aggregation. We focus on molecular simulations, notably molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, spanning from atomistic to coarse-grained levels, which have emerged as pivotal tools in unraveling the complex dynamics governing protein aggregation in diseases such as cataracts, Alzheimer's, and Parkinson's. MD simulations provide microscopic insights into protein interactions and the subtleties of aggregation pathways, with advanced techniques like replica exchange molecular dynamics, Metadynamics (MetaD), and umbrella sampling enhancing our understanding by probing intricate energy landscapes and transition states. We delve into specific applications of MD simulations, elucidating the chaperone mechanism underlying cataract formation using Markov state modeling and the intricate pathways and interactions driving the toxic aggregate formation in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. Transitioning we highlight how computational techniques, including bioinformatics, sequence analysis, structural data, machine learning algorithms, and artificial intelligence have become indispensable for predicting protein aggregation propensity and locating aggregation-prone regions within protein sequences. Throughout our exploration, we underscore the symbiotic relationship between computational approaches and empirical data, which has paved the way for potential therapeutic strategies against protein aggregation-related diseases. In conclusion, this review offers a comprehensive overview of advanced computational methodologies and bioinformatics tools that have catalyzed breakthroughs in unraveling the molecular basis of protein aggregation, with significant implications for clinical interventions, standing at the intersection of computational biology and experimental research.},
}
@article {pmid38680182,
year = {2024},
author = {Andreenkova, OV and Adonyeva, NV and Efimov, VM and Gruntenko, NE},
title = {Fertility differences between two wild-type Drosophila melanogaster lines correlate with differences in the expression of the Jheh1 gene, which codes for an enzyme degrading juvenile hormone.},
journal = {Vavilovskii zhurnal genetiki i selektsii},
volume = {28},
number = {2},
pages = {185-189},
doi = {10.18699/vjgb-24-22},
pmid = {38680182},
issn = {2500-0462},
abstract = {Juvenile hormone plays a "status quo" role in Drosophila melanogaster larvae, preventing the untimely metamorphosis, and performs a gonadotropic function in imagoes, ensuring the ovaries' preparedness for vitellogenesis. The decreased level of juvenile hormone results in reproductive disorders in D. melanogaster females including a delay in the oviposition onset and a fertility decrease. Another factor that can affect the insect reproduction is an infection with the maternally inherited symbiotic α-proteobacterium Wolbachia. The present study is devoted to the analysis of the expression of two juvenile hormone metabolism genes encoding enzymes of its synthesis and degradation, juvenile hormone acid O-methyltransferase (jhamt) and juvenile hormone epoxide hydrase (Jheh1), respectively, in four wild-type D. melanogaster lines, two of them being infected with Wolbachia. Lines w153 and Bi90 were both derived from an individual wild-caught females infected with Wolbachia, while lines w153T and Bi90T were derived from them by tetracycline treatment and are free of infection. Line Bi90 is known to be infected with the Wolbachia strain wMel, and line w153, with the Wolbachia strain wMelPlus belonging to the wMelCS genotype. It was found that infection with either Wolbachia strain does not affect the expression of the studied genes. At the same time, it was shown that the w153 and w153T lines differ from the Bi90 and Bi90T lines by an increased level of the Jheh1 gene expression and do not differ in the jhamt gene expression level. Analysis of the fertility of these four lines showed that it does not depend on Wolbachia infection either, but differs between lines with different nuclear genotypes: in w153 and w153T, it is significantly lower than in lines Bi90 and Bi90T. The data obtained allow us to reasonably propose that the inter-line D. melanogaster polymorphism in the metabolism of the juvenile hormone is determined by its degradation (not by its synthesis) and correlates with the fertility level.},
}
@article {pmid38678576,
year = {2024},
author = {Jokar, M and Abdous, A and Rahmanian, V},
title = {AI chatbots in pet health care: Opportunities and challenges for owners.},
journal = {Veterinary medicine and science},
volume = {10},
number = {3},
pages = {e1464},
pmid = {38678576},
issn = {2053-1095},
mesh = {*Artificial Intelligence ; Animals ; *Pets ; *Veterinary Medicine/methods ; Humans ; Ownership ; },
abstract = {The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into health care has seen remarkable advancements, with applications extending to animal health. This article explores the potential benefits and challenges associated with employing AI chatbots as tools for pet health care. Focusing on ChatGPT, a prominent language model, the authors elucidate its capabilities and its potential impact on pet owners' decision-making processes. AI chatbots offer pet owners access to extensive information on animal health, research studies and diagnostic options, providing a cost-effective and convenient alternative to traditional veterinary consultations. The fate of a case involving a Border Collie named Sassy demonstrates the potential benefits of AI in veterinary medicine. In this instance, ChatGPT played a pivotal role in suggesting a diagnosis that led to successful treatment, showcasing the potential of AI chatbots as valuable tools in complex cases. However, concerns arise regarding pet owners relying solely on AI chatbots for medical advice, potentially resulting in misdiagnosis, inappropriate treatment and delayed professional intervention. We emphasize the need for a balanced approach, positioning AI chatbots as supplementary tools rather than substitutes for licensed veterinarians. To mitigate risks, the article proposes strategies such as educating pet owners on AI chatbots' limitations, implementing regulations to guide AI chatbot companies and fostering collaboration between AI chatbots and veterinarians. The intricate web of responsibilities in this dynamic landscape underscores the importance of government regulations, the educational role of AI chatbots and the symbiotic relationship between AI technology and veterinary expertise. In conclusion, while AI chatbots hold immense promise in transforming pet health care, cautious and informed usage is crucial. By promoting awareness, establishing regulations and fostering collaboration, the article advocates for a responsible integration of AI chatbots to ensure optimal care for pets.},
}
@article {pmid38677113,
year = {2024},
author = {Ning, X and Long, S and Liu, Z and Dong, Y and He, L and Wang, S},
title = {Vertical distribution of arsenic and bacterial communities in calcareous farmland amending by organic fertilizer and iron-oxidizing bacteria: Field experiment on concomitant remediation.},
journal = {Journal of hazardous materials},
volume = {471},
number = {},
pages = {134415},
doi = {10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134415},
pmid = {38677113},
issn = {1873-3336},
abstract = {The migration and transformation mechanisms of arsenic (As) in soil environments necessitate an understanding of its influencing processes. Here, we investigate the subsurface biogeochemical transformation of As and iron (Fe) through amended in the top 20 cm with iron oxidizing bacteria (FeOB) and organic fertilizer (OF). Our comprehensive 400-day field study, conducted in a calcareous soil profile sectioned into 20 cm increments, involved analysis by sequential extraction and assessment of microbial properties. The results reveal that the introduction of additional OF increased the release ratio of As/Fe from the non-specific adsorption fraction (136.47 %) at the subsoil depth (40-60 cm), underscoring the importance of sampling at various depths and time points to accurately elucidate the form, instability, and migration of As within the profile. Examination of bacterial interaction networks indicated a disrupted initial niche in the bottom layer, resulting in a novel cooperative symbiosis. While the addition of FeOB did not lead to the dominance of specific bacterial species, it did enhance the relative abundance of As-tolerant Acidobacteria and Gemmatimonadetes in both surface (39.2 % and 38.76 %) and deeper soils (44.29 % and 23.73 %) compared to the control. Consequently, the amendment of FeOB in conjunction with OF facilitated the formation of poorly amorphous Fe (hydr)oxides in the soil, achieved through abiotic and biotic sequestration processes. Throughout the long-term remediation process, the migration coefficient of bioavailable As within the soil profile decreased, indicating that these practices did not exacerbate As mobilization. This study carries significant implications for enhancing biogeochemical cycling in As-contaminated Sierozem soils and exploring potential bioremediation strategies. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATION: The long-term exposure of sewage irrigation has potential adverse effects on the local ecosystem, causing serious environmental problems. Microorganisms play a vital role in the migration and transformation of arsenic in calcareous soil in arid areas, which highlights the necessity of understanding its dynamics. The vertical distribution, microbial community and fate of arsenic in calcareous farmland soil profile in northwest China were studied through field experiments. The results of this work have certain significance for the remediation of arsenic-contaminated soil in arid areas, and provide new insights for the migration, transformation and remediation of arsenic in this kind of soil.},
}
@article {pmid38674645,
year = {2024},
author = {Jiang, X and Chen, D and Zhang, Y and Naz, M and Dai, Z and Qi, S and Du, D},
title = {Impacts of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on Metabolites of an Invasive Weed Wedelia trilobata.},
journal = {Microorganisms},
volume = {12},
number = {4},
pages = {},
pmid = {38674645},
issn = {2076-2607},
support = {32171509//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 32271587//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 32071521//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; BK20220030//Carbon peak and carbon neutrality technology innovation foundation of Jiangsu Province/ ; 2021K160B//Jiangsu Planned Projects for Postdoctoral Research Funds/ ; BK20211321//Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province/ ; PAPD//Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions/ ; //Youth Talent cultivation Program of Jiangsu University/ ; },
abstract = {The invasive plant Wedelia trilobata benefits in various aspects, such as nutrient absorption and environmental adaptability, by establishing a close symbiotic relationship with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). However, our understanding of whether AMF can benefit W. trilobata by influencing its metabolic profile remains limited. In this study, Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was conducted to analyze the metabolites of W. trilobata under AMF inoculation. Metabolomic analysis identified 119 differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs) between the groups inoculated with AMF and those not inoculated with AMF. Compared to plants with no AMF inoculation, plants inoculated with AMF showed upregulation in the relative expression of 69 metabolites and downregulation in the relative expression of 50 metabolites. AMF significantly increased levels of various primary and secondary metabolites in plants, including amino acids, organic acids, plant hormones, flavonoids, and others, with amino acids being the most abundant among the identified substances. The identified DEMs mapped 53 metabolic pathways, with 7 pathways strongly influenced by AMF, particularly the phenylalanine metabolism pathway. Moreover, we also observed a high colonization level of AMF in the roots of W. trilobata, significantly promoting the shoot growth of this plant. These changes in metabolites and metabolic pathways significantly affect multiple physiological and biochemical processes in plants, such as free radical scavenging, osmotic regulation, cell structure stability, and material synthesis. In summary, AMF reprogrammed the metabolic pathways of W. trilobata, leading to changes in both primary and secondary metabolomes, thereby benefiting the growth of W. trilobata and enhancing its ability to respond to various biotic and abiotic stressors. These findings elucidate the molecular regulatory role of AMF in the invasive plant W. trilobata and provide new insights into the study of its competitive and stress resistance mechanisms.},
}
@article {pmid38674611,
year = {2024},
author = {Calderon, RB and Dangi, SR},
title = {Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Rhizobium Improve Nutrient Uptake and Microbial Diversity Relative to Dryland Site-Specific Soil Conditions.},
journal = {Microorganisms},
volume = {12},
number = {4},
pages = {},
pmid = {38674611},
issn = {2076-2607},
support = {22SC002314//Specialty Crop Block Grant of Montana Department of Agriculture/ ; },
abstract = {Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and rhizobium play a significant role in plant symbiosis. However, their influence on the rhizosphere soil microbiome associated with nutrient acquisition and soil health is not well defined in the drylands of Montana (MT), USA. This study investigated the effect of microbial inoculants as seed treatment on pea yield, nutrient uptake, potential microbial functions, and rhizosphere soil microbial communities using high-throughput sequencing of 16S and ITS rRNA genes. The experiment was conducted under two contrasting dryland conditions with four treatments: control, single inoculation with AMF or Rhizobium, and dual inoculations of AMF and Rhizobium (AMF+Rhizobium). Our findings revealed that microbial inoculation efficacy was site-specific. AMF+Rhizobium synergistically increased grain yield at Sidney dryland field site (DFS) 2, while at Froid site, DFS 1, AMF improved plant resilience to acidic soil but contributed a marginal yield under non-nutrient limiting conditions. Across dryland sites, the plants' microbial dependency on AMF+Rhizobium (12%) was higher than single inoculations of AMF (8%) or Rhizobium (4%) alone. Variations in microbial community structure and composition indicate a site-specific response to AMF and AMF+Rhizobium inoculants. Overall, site-specific factors significantly influenced plant nutrient uptake, microbial community dynamics, and functional potential. It underscores the need for tailored management strategies that consider site-specific characteristics to optimize benefits from microbial inoculation.},
}
@article {pmid38674597,
year = {2024},
author = {Béziat, NS and Duperron, S and Gros, O},
title = {Environmental Transmission of Symbionts in the Mangrove Crabs Aratus pisonii and Minuca rapax: Acquisition of the Bacterial Community through Larval Development to Juvenile Stage.},
journal = {Microorganisms},
volume = {12},
number = {4},
pages = {},
pmid = {38674597},
issn = {2076-2607},
abstract = {Aratus pisonii and Minuca rapax are two brachyuran crabs living with bacterial ectosymbionts located on gill lamellae. One previous study has shown that several rod-shaped bacterial morphotypes are present and the community is dominated by Alphaproteobacteria and Bacteroidota. This study aims to identify the mode of transmission of the symbionts to the new host generations and to identify the bacterial community colonizing the gills of juveniles. We tested for the presence of bacteria using PCR with universal primers targeting the 16S rRNA encoding gene from gonads, eggs, and different larval stages either obtained in laboratory conditions or from the field. The presence of bacteria on juvenile gills was also characterized by scanning electron microscopy, and subsequently identified by metabarcoding analysis. Gonads, eggs, and larvae were negative to PCR tests, suggesting that bacteria are not present at these stages in significant densities. On the other hand, juveniles of both species display three rod-shaped bacterial morphotypes on gill lamellae, and sequencing revealed that the community is dominated by Bacteroidota and Alphaproteobacteria on A. pisonii juveniles, and by Alphaprotobacteria, Bacteroidota, and Acidimicrobia on M. rapax juveniles. Despite the fact that juveniles of both species co-occur in the same biotope, no shared bacterial phylotype was identified. However, some of the most abundant bacteria present in adults are also present in juveniles of the same species, suggesting that juvenile-associated communities resemble those of adults. Because some of these bacteria were also found in crab burrow water, we hypothesize that the bacterial community is established gradually during the life of the crab starting from the megalopa stage and involves epibiosis-competent bacteria that occur in the environment.},
}
@article {pmid38674560,
year = {2024},
author = {Sun, Z and Liu, Z and Zhi, M and Ran, Q and Xue, W and Tang, Y and Wu, Y},
title = {Comparative Genomics of Lotus japonicus Reveals Insights into Proanthocyanidin Accumulation and Abiotic Stress Response.},
journal = {Plants (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {13},
number = {8},
pages = {},
pmid = {38674560},
issn = {2223-7747},
support = {32001395//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; stc2020jcyjmsxmX0626//Chongqing Natural Science Foundation/ ; ASTIP//he Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program/ ; },
abstract = {Lotus japonicus, is an important perennial model legume, has been widely used for studying biological processes such as symbiotic nitrogen fixation, proanthocyanidin (PA) biosynthesis, and abiotic stress response. High-quality L. japonicus genomes have been reported recently; however, the genetic basis of genes associated with specific characters including proanthocyanidin distribution in most tissues and tolerance to stress has not been systematically explored yet. Here, based on our previous high-quality L. japonicus genome assembly and annotation, we compared the L. japonicus MG-20 genome with those of other legume species. We revealed the expansive and specific gene families enriched in secondary metabolite biosynthesis and the detection of external stimuli. We suggested that increased copy numbers and transcription of PA-related genes contribute to PA accumulation in the stem, petiole, flower, pod, and seed coat of L. japonicus. Meanwhile, According to shared and unique transcription factors responding to five abiotic stresses, we revealed that MYB and AP2/ERF play more crucial roles in abiotic stresses. Our study provides new insights into the key agricultural traits of L. japonicus including PA biosynthesis and response to abiotic stress. This may provide valuable gene resources for legume forage abiotic stress resistance and nutrient improvement.},
}
@article {pmid38674533,
year = {2024},
author = {Feng, L and Wei, S and Li, Y},
title = {Thaumatin-like Proteins in Legumes: Functions and Potential Applications-A Review.},
journal = {Plants (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {13},
number = {8},
pages = {},
pmid = {38674533},
issn = {2223-7747},
support = {31171625//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 2020A1414040005//Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province, China/ ; 2021A1515110341//Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation, China/ ; },
abstract = {Thaumatin-like proteins (TLPs) comprise a complex and evolutionarily conserved protein family that participates in host defense and several developmental processes in plants, fungi, and animals. Importantly, TLPs are plant host defense proteins that belong to pathogenesis-related family 5 (PR-5), and growing evidence has demonstrated that they are involved in resistance to a variety of fungal diseases in many crop plants, particularly legumes. Nonetheless, the roles and underlying mechanisms of the TLP family in legumes remain unclear. The present review summarizes recent advances related to the classification, structure, and host resistance of legume TLPs to biotic and abiotic stresses; analyzes and predicts possible protein-protein interactions; and presents their roles in phytohormone response, root nodule formation, and symbiosis. The characteristics of TLPs provide them with broad prospects for plant breeding and other uses. Searching for legume TLP genetic resources and functional genes, and further research on their precise function mechanisms are necessary.},
}
@article {pmid38674317,
year = {2024},
author = {Lindo, CE and Sebastian, J and Kuntjoro, KN and Halim, VA and Tadjoedin, FM and Kuswandani, SO and Sulijaya, B},
title = {Microbiota Transplantation as an Adjunct to Standard Periodontal Treatment in Periodontal Disease: A Systematic Review.},
journal = {Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania)},
volume = {60},
number = {4},
pages = {},
pmid = {38674317},
issn = {1648-9144},
mesh = {Humans ; *Microbiota/physiology ; Periodontal Diseases/therapy/microbiology ; Periodontitis/therapy/microbiology ; Dysbiosis/therapy ; },
abstract = {Periodontitis is a disease linked to severe dysbiosis of the subgingival microbiome. The treatment of periodontitis aims to change the dysbiosis environment to a symbiosis environment. We hypothesized that oral microbiota transplantation can lead to a significant improvement in periodontitis. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of microbiota transplantation after standard periodontal treatment in periodontitis patients. The search strategy was carried out by using the Boolean term "AND" to combine the keywords, which were "periodontitis AND microbiota transplantation". Due to the limited resources of the study, we included both in vitro and in vivo investigations in this systematic review. The QUIN risk of bias tool was employed to assess the risk of bias in in vitro studies, while SYRCLE's risk of bias assessment was used for in vivo studies. Oral microbiota transplants (OMTs) have shown potential in treating periodontitis. OMTs significantly reduced periodontitis-associated pathogenic microbial species (P. endodontalis, Prevotella intermedia, T. vincentii, Porphyromonas sp.) and increased beneficial bacteria (P. melaninogenica, Fusobacterium nucleatum, P. catoniae, Capnocytophaga ochracea, C. sputigena, C. gingivalis, Haemophilus parainfluenzae, and Neisseria elongata) upon in vitro testing. Furthermore, in the in vivo tests, single adjunctive OMT also had an effect on the oral microbiota composition compared to the full-mouth mechanical and antimicrobial debridement. OMTs may be cheaper and more effective at addressing high-risk individuals. At present, it is not possible to provide OMT clinical advice due to the lack of available information. This treatment needs to be subjected to more safety and efficacy testing before being included human clinical trials.},
}
@article {pmid38673813,
year = {2024},
author = {Silva, FJ and Domínguez-Santos, R and Latorre, A and García-Ferris, C},
title = {Comparative Transcriptomics of Fat Bodies between Symbiotic and Quasi-Aposymbiotic Adult Females of Blattella germanica with Emphasis on the Metabolic Integration with Its Endosymbiont Blattabacterium and Its Immune System.},
journal = {International journal of molecular sciences},
volume = {25},
number = {8},
pages = {},
pmid = {38673813},
issn = {1422-0067},
support = {Prometeo/2018/A/133//Conselleria d'Educaci&#xf3;, Generalitat Valenciana (Spain)/ ; CIPROM/2021/042//Conselleria d'Educaci&#xf3;, Generalitat Valenciana (Spain)/ ; PGC2018-099344-B-I00//MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 (Spain) and "ERDF A way of making Europe"/ ; PID2021-128201NB-I00//MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 (Spain) and "ERDF A way of making Europe"/ ; },
mesh = {*Symbiosis/genetics ; Animals ; *Fat Body/metabolism ; Female ; *Transcriptome ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Immune System/metabolism ; Bacteroidetes/genetics/metabolism ; Antimicrobial Peptides/metabolism/genetics ; },
abstract = {We explored the metabolic integration of Blattella germanica and its obligate endosymbiont Blattabacterium cuenoti by the transcriptomic analysis of the fat body of quasi-aposymbiotic cockroaches, where the endosymbionts were almost entirely removed with rifampicin. Fat bodies from quasi-aposymbiotic insects displayed large differences in gene expression compared to controls. In quasi-aposymbionts, the metabolism of phenylalanine and tyrosine involved in cuticle sclerotization and pigmentation increased drastically to compensate for the deficiency in the biosynthesis of these amino acids by the endosymbionts. On the other hand, the uricolytic pathway and the biosynthesis of uric acid were severely decreased, probably because the reduced population of endosymbionts was unable to metabolize urea to ammonia. Metabolite transporters that could be involved in the endosymbiosis process were identified. Immune system and antimicrobial peptide (AMP) gene expression was also reduced in quasi-aposymbionts, genes encoding peptidoglycan-recognition proteins, which may provide clues for the maintenance of the symbiotic relationship, as well as three AMP genes whose involvement in the symbiotic relationship will require additional analysis. Finally, a search for AMP-like factors that could be involved in controlling the endosymbiont identified two orphan genes encoding proteins smaller than 200 amino acids underexpressed in quasi-aposymbionts, suggesting a role in the host-endosymbiont relationship.},
}
@article {pmid38673792,
year = {2024},
author = {Wang, D and Ni, Y and Xie, K and Li, Y and Wu, W and Shan, H and Cheng, B and Li, X},
title = {Aquaporin ZmTIP2;3 Promotes Drought Resistance of Maize through Symbiosis with Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi.},
journal = {International journal of molecular sciences},
volume = {25},
number = {8},
pages = {},
pmid = {38673792},
issn = {1422-0067},
support = {No. U21A20235//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; No. 202204c06020021//Key Research and Development Program of Anhui Province/ ; },
mesh = {*Zea mays/microbiology/genetics/metabolism ; *Mycorrhizae/physiology ; *Symbiosis/genetics ; *Droughts ; *Aquaporins/metabolism/genetics ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; *Plant Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Stress, Physiological ; Plant Roots/microbiology/metabolism/genetics ; Drought Resistance ; },
abstract = {Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi symbiosis plays important roles in enhancing plant tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses. Aquaporins have also been linked to improved drought tolerance in plants and the regulation of water transport. However, the mechanisms that underlie this association remain to be further explored. In this study, we found that arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi symbiosis could induce the gene expression of the aquaporin ZmTIP2;3 in maize roots. Moreover, compared with the wild-type plants, the maize zmtip2;3 mutant also showed a lower total biomass, colonization rate, relative water content, and POD and SOD activities after arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi symbiosis under drought stress. qRT-PCR assays revealed reduced expression levels of stress genes including LEA3, P5CS4, and NECD1 in the maize zmtip2;3 mutant. Taken together, these data suggest that ZmTIP2;3 plays an important role in promoting maize tolerance to drought stress during arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi symbiosis.},
}
@article {pmid38673343,
year = {2024},
author = {Broc, G and Brunel, L and Lareyre, O},
title = {Dynamic Ecosystem Adaptation through Allostasis (DEA-A) Model: Conceptual Presentation of an Integrative Theoretical Framework for Global Health Change.},
journal = {International journal of environmental research and public health},
volume = {21},
number = {4},
pages = {},
pmid = {38673343},
issn = {1660-4601},
mesh = {*Ecosystem ; *Global Health ; Humans ; Models, Theoretical ; Allostasis/physiology ; },
abstract = {Achieving ambitious goals in Global Health first requires an integrative understanding of how individuals and organizations adapt in a living ecosystem. The absence of a unified framework limits the consideration of the issues in their complexity, which further complicates the planning of Global Health programs aimed at articulating population-based prevention and individual-level (clinical) interventions. The aim of the conceptual contribution is to propose such a model. It introduces the Dynamic Ecosystem of Adaptation through Allostasis (DEA-A) theoretical framework, emphasizing the functional adaptation of individuals and organizations in symbiosis with their living ecosystem. The DEA-A framework articulates two central components to grasp the complexity of adaptation: the internal dynamics (intrasystem level) and the environmental dynamics (ecosystem level). It bridges diverse conceptual approaches, including stress and adaptation models, behavior-change models, and ecosystem-based perspectives. Epistemological considerations raised in the conceptual article prompt a reconsideration of methods and tools for the planning of intervention. Further contributions will present a suitable methodology for the application of the DEA-A framework along with practical recommendations.},
}
@article {pmid38670968,
year = {2024},
author = {Zhou, N and Li, X and Zheng, Z and Liu, J and Downie, JA and Xie, F},
title = {RinRK1 enhances NF receptors accumulation in nanodomain-like structures at root-hair tip.},
journal = {Nature communications},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {3568},
pmid = {38670968},
issn = {2041-1723},
mesh = {*Lotus/metabolism/microbiology/genetics ; *Membrane Proteins/metabolism/genetics ; *Plant Proteins/metabolism/genetics ; *Plant Roots/metabolism/microbiology ; Signal Transduction ; Symbiosis ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Rhizobium/metabolism ; },
abstract = {Legume-rhizobia root-nodule symbioses involve the recognition of rhizobial Nod factor (NF) signals by NF receptors, triggering both nodule organogenesis and rhizobial infection. RinRK1 is induced by NF signaling and is essential for infection thread (IT) formation in Lotus japonicus. However, the precise mechanism underlying this process remains unknown. Here, we show that RinRK1 interacts with the extracellular domains of NF receptors (NFR1 and NFR5) to promote their accumulation at root hair tips in response to rhizobia or NFs. Furthermore, Flotillin 1 (Flot1), a nanodomain-organizing protein, associates with the kinase domains of NFR1, NFR5 and RinRK1. RinRK1 promotes the interactions between Flot1 and NF receptors and both RinRK1 and Flot1 are necessary for the accumulation of NF receptors at root hair tips upon NF stimulation. Our study shows that RinRK1 and Flot1 play a crucial role in NF receptor complex assembly within localized plasma membrane signaling centers to promote symbiotic infection.},
}
@article {pmid38669903,
year = {2024},
author = {Liu, H and Al-Dhabi, NA and Jiang, H and Liu, B and Qing, T and Feng, B and Ma, T and Tang, W and Zhang, P},
title = {Toward nitrogen recovery: Co-cultivation of microalgae and bacteria enhances the production of high-value nitrogen-rich cyanophycin.},
journal = {Water research},
volume = {256},
number = {},
pages = {121624},
doi = {10.1016/j.watres.2024.121624},
pmid = {38669903},
issn = {1879-2448},
abstract = {The algal-bacterial wastewater treatment process has been proven to be highly efficient in removing nutrients and recovering nitrogen (N). However, the recovery of the valuable N-rich biopolymer, cyanophycin, remains limited. This research explored the synthesis mechanism and recovery potential of cyanophycin within two algal-bacterial symbiotic reactors. The findings reveal that the synergy between algae and bacteria enhances the removal of N and phosphorus. The crude contents of cyanophycin in the algal-bacterial consortia reached 115 and 124 mg/g of mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS), respectively, showing an increase of 11.7 %-20.4 % (p < 0.001) compared with conventional activated sludge. Among the 170 metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) analyzed, 50 were capable of synthesizing cyanophycin, indicating that cyanophycin producers are common in algal-bacterial systems. The compositions of cyanophycin producers in the two algal-bacterial reactors were affected by different lighting initiation time. The study identified two intracellular synthesis pathways for cyanophycin. Approximately 36 MAGs can synthesize cyanophycin de novo using ammonium and glucose, while the remaining 14 MAGs require exogenous arginine for production. Notably, several MAGs with high abundance are capable of assimilating both nitrate and ammonium into cyanophycin, demonstrating a robust N utilization capability. This research also marks the first identification of potential horizontal gene transfer of the cyanophycin synthase encoding gene (cphA) within the wastewater microbial community. This suggests that the spread of cphA could expand the population of cyanophycin producers. The study offers new insights into recycling the high-value N-rich biopolymer cyanophycin, contributing to the advancement of wastewater resource utilization.},
}
@article {pmid38669573,
year = {2024},
author = {Zhang, L and Wang, D and Shi, P and Li, J and Niu, J and Chen, J and Wang, G and Wu, L and Chen, L and Yang, Z and Li, S and Meng, J and Ruan, F and He, Y and Zhao, H and Ren, Z and Wang, Y and Liu, Y and Shi, X and Wang, Y and Liu, Q and Li, J and Wang, P and Wang, J and Zhu, Y and Cheng, G},
title = {A naturally isolated symbiotic bacterium suppresses flavivirus transmission by Aedes mosquitoes.},
journal = {Science (New York, N.Y.)},
volume = {384},
number = {6693},
pages = {eadn9524},
doi = {10.1126/science.adn9524},
pmid = {38669573},
issn = {1095-9203},
mesh = {Animals ; *Aedes/microbiology/virology ; *Symbiosis ; *Dengue Virus/physiology ; *Mosquito Vectors/virology/microbiology ; *Zika Virus/physiology ; Dengue/transmission/virology/prevention &amp; control ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; Acetobacteraceae/physiology ; Female ; Viral Envelope Proteins/metabolism/genetics ; Flavivirus/physiology/genetics ; Zika Virus Infection/transmission/virology ; },
abstract = {The commensal microbiota of the mosquito gut plays a complex role in determining the vector competence for arboviruses. In this study, we identified a bacterium from the gut of field Aedes albopictus mosquitoes named Rosenbergiella sp. YN46 (Rosenbergiella_YN46) that rendered mosquitoes refractory to infection with dengue and Zika viruses. Inoculation of 1.6 × 10[3] colony forming units (CFUs) of Rosenbergiella_YN46 into A. albopictus mosquitoes effectively prevents viral infection. Mechanistically, this bacterium secretes glucose dehydrogenase (RyGDH), which acidifies the gut lumen of fed mosquitoes, causing irreversible conformational changes in the flavivirus envelope protein that prevent viral entry into cells. In semifield conditions, Rosenbergiella_YN46 exhibits effective transstadial transmission in field mosquitoes, which blocks transmission of dengue virus by newly emerged adult mosquitoes. The prevalence of Rosenbergiella_YN46 is greater in mosquitoes from low-dengue areas (52.9 to ~91.7%) than in those from dengue-endemic regions (0 to ~6.7%). Rosenbergiella_YN46 may offer an effective and safe lead for flavivirus biocontrol.},
}
@article {pmid38668783,
year = {2024},
author = {Shamjana, U and Vasu, DA and Hembrom, PS and Nayak, K and Grace, T},
title = {The role of insect gut microbiota in host fitness, detoxification and nutrient supplementation.},
journal = {Antonie van Leeuwenhoek},
volume = {117},
number = {1},
pages = {71},
pmid = {38668783},
issn = {1572-9699},
mesh = {Animals ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome/physiology ; *Insecta/microbiology ; *Symbiosis ; Nutrients/metabolism ; Metagenomics ; Host Microbial Interactions ; Inactivation, Metabolic ; Bacteria/classification/genetics/metabolism ; },
abstract = {Insects are incredibly diverse, ubiquitous and have successfully flourished out of the dynamic and often unpredictable nature of evolutionary processes. The resident microbiome has accompanied the physical and biological adaptations that enable their continued survival and proliferation in a wide array of environments. The host insect and microbiome's bidirectional relationship exhibits their capability to influence each other's physiology, behavior and characteristics. Insects are reported to rely directly on the microbial community to break down complex food, adapt to nutrient-deficit environments, protect themselves from natural adversaries and control the expression of social behavior. High-throughput metagenomic approaches have enhanced the potential for determining the abundance, composition, diversity and functional activities of microbial fauna associated with insect hosts, enabling in-depth investigation into insect-microbe interactions. We undertook a review of some of the major advances in the field of metagenomics, focusing on insect-microbe interaction, diversity and composition of resident microbiota, the functional capability of endosymbionts and discussions on different symbiotic relationships. The review aims to be a valuable resource on insect gut symbiotic microbiota by providing a comprehensive understanding of how insect gut symbionts systematically perform a range of functions, viz., insecticide degradation, nutritional support and immune fitness. A thorough understanding of manipulating specific gut symbionts may aid in developing advanced insect-associated research to attain health and design strategies for pest management.},
}
@article {pmid38668330,
year = {2024},
author = {Boutasknit, A and Ait-El-Mokhtar, M and Fassih, B and Ben-Laouane, R and Wahbi, S and Meddich, A},
title = {Effect of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Rock Phosphate on Growth, Physiology, and Biochemistry of Carob under Water Stress and after Rehydration in Vermicompost-Amended Soil.},
journal = {Metabolites},
volume = {14},
number = {4},
pages = {},
pmid = {38668330},
issn = {2218-1989},
abstract = {In the Mediterranean region, reforestation programs record failures following successive drought periods. The use of different plant-growth-promoting amendments and the understanding of drought-induced physiological and biochemical responses of carob will contribute to the reforestation program's success. In this study, the effects of arbuscular-mycorrhizal-fungi (AMF), vermicompost (VC), and rock phosphate (RP) on carob seedlings under drought stress (DS) and recovery (REC) conditions were evaluated. A greenhouse experiment was conducted with carob seedlings grown in the presence of AMF, VC, and RP, applied alone or in combination under well-watered (WW), DS (by stopping irrigation for 12 days), and recovery (REC) conditions. The obtained results indicated that the triple combination (AMF + VC + RP) presented the highest improvement in water potential, photosynthetic pigment content, stomatal conductance, and chlorophyll fluorescence compared to the controls under DS and after REC. In addition, this combination resulted in improved tolerance of carob seedlings to DS and a high potential for rapid recovery after rehydration due to a high accumulation of sugars, proteins, and antioxidant enzymes. In summary, the results underline the importance of inoculating carob with AMF in combination with (in)-organic amendments in improving its tolerance to DS and its recovery performances.},
}
@article {pmid38667954,
year = {2024},
author = {Yuan, H and Si, H and Ye, Y and Ji, Q and Wang, H and Zhang, Y},
title = {Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi-Mediated Modulation of Physiological, Biochemical, and Secondary Metabolite Responses in Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) under Salt and Drought Stress.},
journal = {Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {10},
number = {4},
pages = {},
pmid = {38667954},
issn = {2309-608X},
support = {GA19B201-5//Applied technology research and development program of Heilongjiang province/ ; },
abstract = {The increasing impact of global climate change has resulted in adversity stresses, like salt and drought, gradually becoming the main factors that limit crop growth. Hemp, which contains numerous medicinal active components and multiple bioactive functions, is widely used in the agricultural, industrial, and medical fields, hence promoting the rapid development of related industries. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can establish a symbiotic relationship with 80% of vascular plants. This symbiosis promotes host plant growth, regulates plant physiology and biochemistry, facilitates secondary metabolite synthesis, and enhances resistance to abiotic stresses. However, the effects of salt stress, drought stress, and AMF interaction in hemp are not well understood. In this study, to investigate this, we performed a study where we cultured hemp that was either inoculated or uninoculated with Funneliformis mosseae and determined changes in effective colonization rate, growth, soluble substances, photosynthesis, fluorescence, ions, and secondary metabolites by cultivating hemp under different concentrations of NaCl (0 mM, 100 mM, and 200 mM) and different soil moisture content (45%, 25%, and 15%). The results showed that salt, drought stress, or salt-drought interaction stress all inhibited colonization rate after stress, plant growth, mainly due to ion toxicity and oxidative damage. Inoculation with F. mosseae effectively alleviated plant growth inhibition under 100 mM NaCl salt stress, drought stress, and salt-drought interaction stress conditions. It also improved osmoregulation, photosynthetic properties, fluorescence properties, and ion homeostasis, and promoted the accumulation of secondary metabolites. However, under 200 mM NaCl salt stress conditions, inoculation with F. mosseae negatively affected plant physiology, biochemistry, and secondary metabolite synthesis, although it did alleviate growth inhibition. The results demonstrate that there are different effects of salt-drought interaction stress versus single stress (salt or drought stress) on plant growth physiology. In addition, we provide new insights about the positive effects of AMF on host plants under such stress conditions and the effects of AMF on plants under high salt stress.},
}
@article {pmid38667404,
year = {2024},
author = {Cai, Z and Zhao, X and Qian, Y and Zhang, K and Guo, S and Kan, Y and Wang, Y and Ayra-Pardo, C and Li, D},
title = {Transcriptomic and Metatranscriptomic Analyses Provide New Insights into the Response of the Pea Aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum (Hemiptera: Aphididae) to Acetamiprid.},
journal = {Insects},
volume = {15},
number = {4},
pages = {},
pmid = {38667404},
issn = {2075-4450},
support = {31970480//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 212300410063//Natural Science Foundation of Henan province/ ; 231111111000//Key Research Project of Henan Province/ ; },
abstract = {Acetamiprid is a broad-spectrum neonicotinoid insecticide used in agriculture to control aphids. While recent studies have documented resistance to acetamiprid in several aphid species, the underlying mechanisms are still not fully understood. In this study, we analyzed the transcriptome and metatranscriptome of a laboratory strain of the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris, 1776), with reduced susceptibility to acetamiprid after nine generations of exposure to identify candidate genes and the microbiome involved in the adaptation process. Sequencing of the transcriptome of both selected (RS) and non-selected (SS) strains allowed the identification of 14,858 genes and 4938 new transcripts. Most of the differentially expressed genes were associated with catalytic activities and metabolic pathways involving carbon and fatty acids. Specifically, alcohol-forming fatty acyl-CoA reductase (FAR) and acyl-CoA synthetase (ACSF2), both involved in the synthesis of epidermal wax layer components, were significantly upregulated in RS, suggesting that adaptation to acetamiprid involves the synthesis of a thicker protective layer. Metatranscriptomic analyses revealed subtle shifts in the microbiome of RS. These results contribute to a deeper understanding of acetamiprid adaptation by the pea aphid and provide new insights for aphid control strategies.},
}
@article {pmid38666939,
year = {2024},
author = {Yu, T and Wu, X and Song, Y and Lv, H and Zhang, G and Tang, W and Zheng, Z and Wang, X and Gu, Y and Zhou, X and Li, J and Tian, S and Hou, X and Chen, Q and Xin, D and Ni, H},
title = {Isolation and Identification of Salinity-Tolerant Rhizobia and Nodulation Phenotype Analysis in Different Soybean Germplasms.},
journal = {Current issues in molecular biology},
volume = {46},
number = {4},
pages = {3342-3352},
pmid = {38666939},
issn = {1467-3045},
support = {32070274, 31771882, 32072014 and U20A2027//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 2023MD734142//Postdoctoral Foundation of China/ ; LBH-Z22080//Postdoctoral Foundation of Heilongjiang Province/ ; },
abstract = {Increasing the soybean-planting area and increasing the soybean yield per unit area are two effective solutions to improve the overall soybean yield. Northeast China has a large saline soil area, and if soybeans could be grown there with the help of isolated saline-tolerant rhizobia, the soybean cultivation area in China could be effectively expanded. In this study, soybeans were planted in soils at different latitudes in China, and four strains of rhizobia were isolated and identified from the soybean nodules. According to the latitudes of the soil-sampling sites from high to low, the four isolated strains were identified as HLNEAU1, HLNEAU2, HLNEAU3, and HLNEAU4. In this study, the isolated strains were identified for their resistances, and their acid and saline tolerances and nitrogen fixation capacities were preliminarily identified. Ten representative soybean germplasm resources in Northeast China were inoculated with these four strains, and the compatibilities of these four rhizobium strains with the soybean germplasm resources were analyzed. All four isolates were able to establish different extents of compatibility with 10 soybean resources. Hefeng 50 had good compatibility with the four isolated strains, while Suinong 14 showed the best compatibility with HLNEAU2. The isolated rhizobacteria could successfully establish symbiosis with the soybeans, but host specificity was also present. This study was a preliminary exploration of the use of salinity-tolerant rhizobacteria to help the soybean nitrogen fixation in saline soils in order to increase the soybean acreage, and it provides a valuable theoretical basis for the application of saline-tolerant rhizobia.},
}
@article {pmid38666516,
year = {2024},
author = {Lau, JA and Bolin, LG},
title = {The tiny drivers behind plant ecology and evolution.},
journal = {American journal of botany},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e16324},
doi = {10.1002/ajb2.16324},
pmid = {38666516},
issn = {1537-2197},
}
@article {pmid38666352,
year = {2024},
author = {Kirolinko, C and Hobecker, K and Cueva, M and Botto, F and Christ, A and Niebel, A and Ariel, F and Blanco, FA and Crespi, M and Zanetti, ME},
title = {A lateral organ boundaries domain transcription factor acts downstream of the auxin response factor 2 to control nodulation and root architecture in Medicago truncatula.},
journal = {The New phytologist},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/nph.19766},
pmid = {38666352},
issn = {1469-8137},
support = {CONVE2023100766842//Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnolog&#xed;a e Innovaci&#xf3;n/ ; //Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/ ; PICT201900554//Agencia Nacional de Promoci&#xf3;n de la Investigaci&#xf3;n, el Desarrollo Tecnol&#xf3;gico y la Innovaci&#xf3;nn/ ; PICT202000053//Agencia Nacional de Promoci&#xf3;n de la Investigaci&#xf3;n, el Desarrollo Tecnol&#xf3;gico y la Innovaci&#xf3;nn/ ; },
abstract = {Legume plants develop two types of root postembryonic organs, lateral roots and symbiotic nodules, using shared regulatory components. The module composed by the microRNA390, the Trans-Acting SIRNA3 (TAS3) RNA and the Auxin Response Factors (ARF)2, ARF3, and ARF4 (miR390/TAS3/ARFs) mediates the control of both lateral roots and symbiotic nodules in legumes. Here, a transcriptomic approach identified a member of the Lateral Organ Boundaries Domain (LBD) family of transcription factors in Medicago truncatula, designated MtLBD17/29a, which is regulated by the miR390/TAS3/ARFs module. ChIP-PCR experiments evidenced that MtARF2 binds to an Auxin Response Element present in the MtLBD17/29a promoter. MtLBD17/29a is expressed in root meristems, lateral root primordia, and noninfected cells of symbiotic nodules. Knockdown of MtLBD17/29a reduced the length of primary and lateral roots and enhanced lateral root formation, whereas overexpression of MtLBD17/29a produced the opposite phenotype. Interestingly, both knockdown and overexpression of MtLBD17/29a reduced nodule number and infection events and impaired the induction of the symbiotic genes Nodulation Signaling Pathway (NSP) 1 and 2. Our results demonstrate that MtLBD17/29a is regulated by the miR390/TAS3/ARFs module and a direct target of MtARF2, revealing a new lateral root regulatory hub recruited by legumes to act in the root nodule symbiotic program.},
}
@article {pmid38666134,
year = {2024},
author = {Hoang, KL and Salguero-Gómez, R and Pike, VL and King, KC},
title = {The impacts of host association and perturbation on symbiont fitness.},
journal = {Symbiosis (Philadelphia, Pa.)},
volume = {92},
number = {3},
pages = {439-451},
pmid = {38666134},
issn = {0334-5114},
abstract = {UNLABELLED: Symbiosis can benefit hosts in numerous ways, but less is known about whether interactions with hosts benefit symbionts-the smaller species in the relationship. To determine the fitness impact of host association on symbionts in likely mutualisms, we conducted a meta-analysis across 91 unique host-symbiont pairings under a range of spatial and temporal contexts. Specifically, we assess the consequences to symbiont fitness when in and out of symbiosis, as well as when the symbiosis is under suboptimal or varying environments and biological conditions (e.g., host age). We find that some intracellular symbionts associated with protists tend to have greater fitness when the symbiosis is under stressful conditions. Symbionts of plants and animals did not exhibit this trend, suggesting that symbionts of multicellular hosts are more robust to perturbations. Symbiont fitness also generally increased with host age. Lastly, we show that symbionts able to proliferate in- and outside host cells exhibit greater fitness than those found exclusively inside or outside cells. The ability to grow in multiple locations may thus help symbionts thrive. We discuss these fitness patterns in light of host-driven factors, whereby hosts exert influence over symbionts to suit their own needs.<br><br>SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13199-024-00984-6.},
}
@article {pmid38665626,
year = {2024},
author = {Jiang, Y and Qin, Y and Chandrapala, J and Majzoobi, M and Brennan, C and Sun, J and Zeng, XA and Sun, B},
title = {Investigation of interactions between Jiuzao glutelin with resveratrol, quercetin, curcumin, and azelaic and potential improvement on physicochemical properties and antioxidant activities.},
journal = {Food chemistry: X},
volume = {22},
number = {},
pages = {101378},
pmid = {38665626},
issn = {2590-1575},
abstract = {The interactions among small molecular functional components (FCTs) within a food matrix have become a focal point for enhancing their stability and bioactivities. Jiuzao glutelin (JG) is a mixed plant protein within Jiuzao (a protein-rich baijiu distillation by-product). This study aimed to explore the interactions between JG and selected FCTs, including resveratrol (RES), quercetin (QUE), curcumin (CUR), and azelaic acid (AZA), and the consequential impact on stability and antioxidant activity of the complexes. The findings conclusively demonstrated that the interactions between JG and the FCTs significantly enhanced the storage stability of the complexes. Moreover, the antioxidant activity of the complexes exhibited improvement compared to their individual counterparts. This study underscores the notion that JG and FCTs mutually reinforce, exerting positive effects on stability and antioxidant activity. This symbiotic relationship can be strategically employed to augment the quality of proteins and enhance the functional properties of bioactive components through these interactions.},
}
@article {pmid38647247,
year = {2024},
author = {Van den Eynde, J},
title = {CHDmap: One Step Further Toward Integrating Medicine-Based Evidence Into Practice.},
journal = {JMIR medical informatics},
volume = {12},
number = {},
pages = {e52343},
pmid = {38647247},
issn = {2291-9694},
abstract = {Evidence-based medicine, rooted in randomized controlled trials, offers treatment estimates for the average patient but struggles to guide individualized care. This challenge is amplified in complex conditions like congenital heart disease due to disease variability and limited trial applicability. To address this, medicine-based evidence was proposed to synthesize information for personalized care. A recent article introduced a patient similarity network, CHDmap, which represents a promising technical rendition of the medicine-based evidence concept. Leveraging comprehensive clinical and echocardiographic data, CHDmap creates an interactive patient map representing individuals with similar attributes. Using a k-nearest neighbor algorithm, CHDmap interactively identifies closely resembling patient groups based on specific characteristics. These approximate matches form the foundation for predictive analyses, including outcomes like hospital length of stay and complications. A key finding is the tool’s dual capacity: not only did it corroborate clinical intuition in many scenarios, but in specific instances, it prompted a reevaluation of cases, culminating in an enhancement of overall performance across various classification tasks. While an important first step, future versions of CHDmap may aim to expand mapping complexity, increase data granularity, consider long-term outcomes, allow for treatment comparisons, and implement artificial intelligence–driven weighting of various input variables. Successful implementation of CHDmap and similar tools will require training for practitioners, robust data infrastructure, and interdisciplinary collaboration. Patient similarity networks may become valuable in multidisciplinary discussions, complementing clinicians’ expertise. The symbiotic approach bridges evidence, experience, and real-life care, enabling iterative learning for future physicians.},
}
@article {pmid38664655,
year = {2024},
author = {Tan, Q and You, L and Hao, C and Wang, J and Liu, Y},
title = {Effects of four bolete species on ectomycorrhizae formation and development in Pinus thunbergii and Quercus acutissima.},
journal = {BMC ecology and evolution},
volume = {24},
number = {1},
pages = {54},
pmid = {38664655},
issn = {2730-7182},
support = {SDAIT-07-03//Edible Mushroom Industry System of Modern Agricultural Industry Technology System of Shandong Province, China/ ; SDAIT-07-03//Edible Mushroom Industry System of Modern Agricultural Industry Technology System of Shandong Province, China/ ; SDAIT-07-03//Edible Mushroom Industry System of Modern Agricultural Industry Technology System of Shandong Province, China/ ; SDAIT-07-03//Edible Mushroom Industry System of Modern Agricultural Industry Technology System of Shandong Province, China/ ; SDAIT-07-03//Edible Mushroom Industry System of Modern Agricultural Industry Technology System of Shandong Province, China/ ; },
mesh = {*Mycorrhizae/physiology ; *Quercus/microbiology/growth &amp; development ; *Pinus/microbiology/growth &amp; development ; Basidiomycota/physiology ; Plant Roots/microbiology/growth &amp; development ; Plant Growth Regulators/metabolism ; Photosynthesis ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Bolete cultivation is economically and ecologically valuable. Ectomycorrhizae are advantageous for plant development and productivity. This study investigated how boletes affect the formation of Pinus thunbergii and Quercus acutissima ectomycorrhizae using greenhouse-based mycorrhizal experiments, inoculating P. thunbergii and Q. acutissima with four species of boletes (Suillus bovinus, Suillus luteus, Suillus grevillei, and Retiboletus sinensis).<br><br>RESULTS: Three months after inoculation, morphological and molecular analyses identified S. bovinus, S. luteus, S. grevillei and R. sinensis ectomycorrhizae formation on the roots of both tree species. The mycorrhizal infection rate ranged from 40 to 55%. The host plant species determined the mycorrhiza morphology, which was independent of the bolete species. Differences in plant growth, photosynthesis, and endogenous hormone secretion primarily correlated with the host plant species. Infection with all four bolete species significantly promoted the host plants' growth and photosynthesis rates; indole-3-acetic acid, zeatin, and gibberellic acid secretion increased, and the abscisic acid level significantly decreased. Indole-3-acetic acid was also detected in the fermentation broths of all bolete species.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Inoculation with bolete and subsequent mycorrhizae formation significantly altered the morphology and hormone content in the host seedlings, indicating growth promotion. These findings have practical implications for culturing pine and oak tree species.},
}
@article {pmid38663359,
year = {2024},
author = {Pei, G and Guo, L and Liang, S and Chen, F and Ma, N and Bai, J and Deng, J and Li, M and Qin, C and Feng, T and He, Z},
title = {Longterm erythromycin treatment alters the airway and gut microbiota：Data from COPD patients and mice with emphysema.},
journal = {Respiration; international review of thoracic diseases},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1159/000538911},
pmid = {38663359},
issn = {1423-0356},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Although long-term macrolide antibiotics could reduce the recurrent exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), the side effect of bacterial resistance and the impact on the microbiota remain concerning. We investigated the influence of long-term erythromycin treatment on the airway and gut microbiota in mice with emphysema and patients with COPD.<br><br>METHODS: We conducted 16S rRNA gene sequencing to explore the effect of erythromycin treatment on the lung and gut microbiota in mice with emphysema. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was used for lung metabolomics. A randomized controlled trial was performed to investigate the effect of 48-week erythromycin treatment on the airway and gut microbiota in COPD patients.<br><br>RESULTS: The mouse lung and gut microbiota were disrupted after cigarette smoke exposure. Erythromycin treatment depleted harmful bacteria and altered lung metabolism. Erythromycin treatment did not alter airway or gut microbial diversity in COPD patients. It reduced the abundance of pathogens, such as Burkholderia, in the airway of COPD patients and increased levels of symbiotic bacteria, such as Prevotella and Veillonella. The proportions of Blautia, Ruminococcus and Lachnospiraceae in the gut were increased in COPD patients after erythromycin treatment. The time to the first exacerbation following treatment was significantly longer in the erythromycin-treatment group than in the COPD group.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Long-term erythromycin treatment reduces airway and gut microbe abundance in COPD patients but does not affect microbial diversity and restores microbiota balance in COPD patients by reducing the abundance of pathogenic bacteria.},
}
@article {pmid38663232,
year = {2024},
author = {Christi, K and Hudson, J and Egan, S},
title = {Current approaches to genetic modification of marine bacteria and considerations for improved transformation efficiency.},
journal = {Microbiological research},
volume = {284},
number = {},
pages = {127729},
doi = {10.1016/j.micres.2024.127729},
pmid = {38663232},
issn = {1618-0623},
abstract = {Marine bacteria play vital roles in symbiosis, biogeochemical cycles and produce novel bioactive compounds and enzymes of interest for the pharmaceutical, biofuel and biotechnology industries. At present, investigations into marine bacterial functions and their products are primarily based on phenotypic observations, -omic type approaches and heterologous gene expression. To advance our understanding of marine bacteria and harness their full potential for industry application, it is critical that we have the appropriate tools and resources to genetically manipulate them in situ. However, current genetic tools that are largely designed for model organisms such as E. coli, produce low transformation efficiencies or have no transfer ability in marine bacteria. To improve genetic manipulation applications for marine bacteria, we need to improve transformation methods such as conjugation and electroporation in addition to identifying more marine broad host range plasmids. In this review, we aim to outline the reported methods of transformation for marine bacteria and discuss the considerations for each approach in the context of improving efficiency. In addition, we further discuss marine plasmids and future research areas including CRISPR tools and their potential applications for marine bacteria.},
}
@article {pmid38663196,
year = {2024},
author = {Wang, X and Zafar, J and Yang, X and De Mandal, S and Hong, Y and Jin, F and Xu, X},
title = {Gut bacterium Burkholderia cepacia (BsNLG8) and immune gene Defensin A contribute to the resistance against Nicotine-induced stress in Nilaparvata lugens (Stål).},
journal = {Ecotoxicology and environmental safety},
volume = {277},
number = {},
pages = {116371},
doi = {10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116371},
pmid = {38663196},
issn = {1090-2414},
abstract = {Nicotine, a naturally occurring alkaloid found in tobacco, is a potent neurotoxin extensively used to control Nilaparvata lugens (Stål), a destructive insect pest of rice crops. The insect gut harbors a wide array of resident microorganisms that profoundly influence several biological processes, including host immunity. Maintaining an optimal gut microbiota and immune homeostasis requires a complex network of reciprocal regulatory interactions. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms driving these symbiotic exchanges, particularly between specific gut microbe and immunity, remain largely unknown in insects. Our previous investigations identified and isolated a nicotine-degrading Burkholderia cepacia strain (BsNLG8) with antifungal properties. Building on those findings, we found that nicotine intake significantly increased the abundance of a symbiotic bacteria BsNLG8, induced a stronger bacteriostatic effect in hemolymph, and enhanced the nicotine tolerance of N. lugens. Additionally, nicotine-induced antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) exhibited significant antibacterial effects against Staphylococcus aureus. We adopted RNA-seq to explore the underlying immunological mechanisms in nicotine-stressed N. lugens. Bioinformatic analyses identified numerous differentially expressed immune genes, including recognition/immune activation (GRPs and Toll) and AMPs (i.e., Defensin, Lugensin, lysozyme). Temporal expression profiling (12, 24, and 48 hours) of immune genes revealed pattern recognition proteins and immune effectors as primary responders to nicotine-induced stress. Defensin A, a broad-spectrum immunomodulatory cationic peptide, exhibited significantly high expression. RNA interference-mediated silencing of Defensin A reduced the survival, enhanced nicotine sensitivity of N. lugens to nicotine, and decreased the abundance of BsNLG8. The reintroduction of BsNLG8 improved the expression of immune genes, aiding nicotine resistance of N. lugens. Our findings indicate a potential reciprocal immunomodulatory interaction between Defensin A and BsNLG8 under nicotine stress. Moreover, this study offers novel and valuable insights for future research into enhancing nicotine-based pest management programs and developing alternative biocontrol methods involving the implication of insect symbionts.},
}
@article {pmid38662791,
year = {2024},
author = {Chen, JZ and Kwong, Z and Gerardo, NM and Vega, NM},
title = {Ecological drift during colonization drives within-host and between-host heterogeneity in an animal-associated symbiont.},
journal = {PLoS biology},
volume = {22},
number = {4},
pages = {e3002304},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pbio.3002304},
pmid = {38662791},
issn = {1545-7885},
abstract = {Specialized host-microbe symbioses canonically show greater diversity than expected from simple models, both at the population level and within individual hosts. To understand how this heterogeneity arises, we utilize the squash bug, Anasa tristis, and its bacterial symbionts in the genus Caballeronia. We modulate symbiont bottleneck size and inoculum composition during colonization to demonstrate the significance of ecological drift, the noisy fluctuations in community composition due to demographic stochasticity. Consistent with predictions from the neutral theory of biodiversity, we found that ecological drift alone can account for heterogeneity in symbiont community composition between hosts, even when 2 strains are nearly genetically identical. When acting on competing strains, ecological drift can maintain symbiont genetic diversity among different hosts by stochastically determining the dominant strain within each host. Finally, ecological drift mediates heterogeneity in isogenic symbiont populations even within a single host, along a consistent gradient running the anterior-posterior axis of the symbiotic organ. Our results demonstrate that symbiont population structure across scales does not necessarily require host-mediated selection, as it can emerge as a result of ecological drift acting on both isogenic and unrelated competitors. Our findings illuminate the processes that might affect symbiont transmission, coinfection, and population structure in nature, which can drive the evolution of host-microbe symbioses and microbe-microbe interactions within host-associated microbiomes.},
}
@article {pmid38662310,
year = {2024},
author = {Keum, GB and Pandey, S and Kim, ES and Doo, H and Kwak, J and Ryu, S and Choi, Y and Kang, J and Kim, S and Kim, HB},
title = {Understanding the Diversity and Roles of the Ruminal Microbiome.},
journal = {Journal of microbiology (Seoul, Korea)},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {38662310},
issn = {1976-3794},
support = {NRF-2019M3A9F3065227//Ministry of Education/ ; },
abstract = {The importance of ruminal microbiota in ruminants is emphasized, not only as a special symbiotic relationship with ruminants but also as an interactive and dynamic ecosystem established by the metabolites of various rumen microorganisms. Rumen microbial community is essential for life maintenance and production as they help decompose and utilize fiber that is difficult to digest, supplying about 70% of the energy needed by the host and 60-85% of the amino acids that reach the small intestine. Bacteria are the most abundant in the rumen, but protozoa, which are relatively large, account for 40-50% of the total microorganisms. However, the composition of these ruminal microbiota is not conserved or constant throughout life and is greatly influenced by the host. It is known that the initial colonization of calves immediately after birth is mainly influenced by the mother, and later changes depending on various factors such as diet, age, gender and breed. The initial rumen microbial community contains aerobic and facultative anaerobic bacteria due to the presence of oxygen, but as age increases, a hypoxic environment is created inside the rumen, and anaerobic bacteria become dominant in the rumen microbial community. As calves grow, taxonomic diversity increases, especially as they begin to consume solid food. Understanding the factors affecting the rumen microbial community and their effects and changes can lead to the early development and stabilization of the microbial community through the control of rumen microorganisms, and is expected to ultimately help improve host productivity and efficiency.},
}
@article {pmid38661971,
year = {2024},
author = {Wang, X and Xiao, Y and Deng, Y and Sang, X and Deng, QL and Wang, L and Yang, YW and Zhang, BH and Zhang, YQ},
title = {Sphingomonas lacusdianchii sp. nov., an attached bacterium inhibited by metabolites from its symbiotic cyanobacterium.},
journal = {Applied microbiology and biotechnology},
volume = {108},
number = {1},
pages = {309},
pmid = {38661971},
issn = {1432-0614},
support = {32360028//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 32170021//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 5212018//The Beijing Natural Science Foundation/ ; GJJ211837//Programs of the Education Department of Jiangxi Province of China/ ; },
mesh = {*Sphingomonas/metabolism/genetics/isolation &amp; purification/classification ; *RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics ; *Phylogeny ; China ; *Fatty Acids/metabolism ; *DNA, Bacterial/genetics ; *Base Composition ; Phospholipids/analysis ; Microcystis/genetics/metabolism/growth &amp; development ; Lakes/microbiology ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Bacterial Typing Techniques ; Symbiosis ; Ubiquinone ; },
abstract = {An alpha-proteobacterial strain JXJ CY 53[ T] was isolated from the cyanosphere of Microcystis sp. FACHB-905 (MF-905) collected from Lake Dianchi, China. JXJ CY 53[ T] was observed to be an aerobic, Gram-stain-negative, oval shaped, and mucus-secreting bacterium. It had C18:1ω7c and C16:0 as the major cellular fatty acids, Q-10 as the predominant ubiquinone, and sphingoglycolipid, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, and phosphatidylmethylethanolamine as the polar lipids. The G + C content of DNA was 65.85%. The bacterium had 16S rRNA gene sequence identities of 98.9% and 98.7% with Sphingomonas panni DSM 15761[ T] and Sphingomonas hankookensis KCTC 22579[ T], respectively, while less than 97.4% identities with other members of the genus. Further taxonomic analysis indicated that JXJ CY 53[ T] represented a new member of Sphingomonas, and the species epithet was proposed as Sphingomonas lacusdianchii sp. nov. (type strain JXJ CY 53[ T] = KCTC 72813[ T] = CGMCC 1.17657[ T]). JXJ CY 53[ T] promoted the growth of MF-905 by providing bio-available phosphorus and nitrogen, plant hormones, vitamins, and carotenoids. It could modulate the relative abundances of nonculturable bacteria associated with MF-905 and influence the interactions of MF-905 and other bacteria isolated from the cyanobacterium, in addition to microcystin production characteristics. Meanwhile, MF-905 could provide JXJ CY 53[ T] dissolved organic carbon for growth, and control the growth of JXJ CY 53[ T] by secreting specific chemicals other than microcystins. Overall, these results suggest that the interactions between Microcystis and its attached bacteria are complex and dynamic, and may influence the growth characteristics of the cyanobacterium. This study provided new ideas to understand the interactions between Microcystis and its attached bacteria. KEY POINTS: • A novel bacterium (JXJCY 53 [T]) was isolated from the cyanosphere of Microcystis sp. FACHB-905 (MF-905) • JXJCY 53 [T] modulated the growth and microcystin production of MF-905 • MF-905 could control the attached bacteria by specific chemicals other than microcystins (MCs).},
}
@article {pmid38661834,
year = {2024},
author = {Ingram, M and Wilkinson-Lee, AM and Mantina, NM and Velasco, M and Coronado, G and Gallegos, M and Carvajal, SC},
title = {A Community-Based Participatory Approach in Applying the Sociocultural Resilience Model in U.S-Mexico Border Communities.},
journal = {Progress in community health partnerships : research, education, and action},
volume = {18},
number = {1},
pages = {131-139},
pmid = {38661834},
issn = {1557-055X},
mesh = {Humans ; *Community-Based Participatory Research/methods ; United States ; Mexico/ethnology ; Health Promotion/methods/organization &amp; administration ; Resilience, Psychological ; Mexican Americans/psychology ; Hispanic or Latino/psychology ; Female ; Community-Institutional Relations ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Behavioral models play a key role in identifying pathways to better health and provide a foundation for health promotion interventions. However, behavioral models based in epidemiological research may be limited in relevance and utility in practice.<br><br>OBJECTIVES: We describe a participatory approach within a community-based participatory research partnership for integrating epidemiological and community perspectives into the application of the sociocultural resilience model (SRM). The SRM posits that cultural processes have a symbiotic relationship with health-promoting social processes, which contribute to the health advantages among Mexicanorigin and other Latinx populations.<br><br>METHODS: Community action board members engaged with academic partners to interpret and apply the SRM to a community-clinical linkages intervention implemented in the context of three U.S.-Mexico border communities. In a two-day workshop, partners engaged in a series of iterative discussions to reach common definitions and measures for SRM constructs.<br><br>RESULTS: Partners described daily cultural processes as the food they eat, how they communicate, and a collectivist approach to getting things done. For intervention activities, the partners opted for intergenerational storytelling, sharing of food, and artistic forms of expression. Partners included measures of cultural nuances such as border identity and the complexities that often arise from navigating bicultural norms.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Collaborative approaches within community-based participatory research partnerships can facilitate the adaptation and measurement of conceptual health behavior models in community practice.},
}
@article {pmid38661415,
year = {2024},
author = {Walsh, LH and Breselge, S and Martin, JGP and Coakley, M and Ferguson, E and Stapleton, A and Crispie, F and O'Toole, PW and Cotter, PD},
title = {Kefir4All, a citizen science initiative to raise awareness of the roles that microbes play in food fermentation.},
journal = {Journal of microbiology &amp; biology education},
volume = {25},
number = {1},
pages = {e0015523},
doi = {10.1128/jmbe.00155-23},
pmid = {38661415},
issn = {1935-7877},
abstract = {Microorganisms are ubiquitous in nature and are central to human, animal, environmental, and planetary health. They play a particularly important role in the food chain and the production of high-quality, safe, and health-promoting foods, especially fermented foods. This important role is not always apparent to members of the public. Here, we describe Kefir4All, a citizen science project designed to provide the general public with an opportunity to expand their awareness, knowledge, and practical skills relating to microbiology, introduced through the medium of producing fermented food, i.e., milk kefir or water kefir. During the course of Kefir4All, 123 citizen scientists, from second-level school and non-school settings, participated in a study to track changes in the microbial composition of kefirs, by performing and recording details of milk kefir or water kefir fermentations they performed in their homes or schools over the 21-week project. At the start of the study, the citizen scientists were provided with milk or water kefir grains to initiate the fermentations. Both types of kefir grain are semi-solid, gelatinous-like substances, composed of exopolysaccharides and proteins, containing a symbiotic community of bacteria and yeast. The experimental component of the project was complemented by a number of education and outreach events, including career talks and a site visit to our research center (Kefir Day). At the end of the study, a report was provided to each citizen scientist, in which individualized results of their fermenting activities were detailed. A number of approaches were taken to obtain feedback and other insights from the citizen scientists. Evaluations took place before and after the Kefir4All project to gauge the citizen scientist's self-reported awareness, knowledge, and interest in microbiology and fermented foods. Further insights into the level of citizen science participation were gained through assessing the number of samples returned for analysis and the level of participation of the citizen scientists throughout the project. Notably, the survey results revealed a self-reported, increased interest in, and general knowledge of, science among the Kefir4All citizen scientists after undertaking the project and a willingness to take part in further citizen science projects. Ultimately, Kefir4All represents an example of the successful integration of citizen science into existing education and research systems.},
}
@article {pmid38659127,
year = {2024},
author = {Xia, M and McCormack, ML and Suseela, V and Kennedy, PG and Tharayil, N},
title = {Formations of mycorrhizal symbiosis alter the phenolic heteropolymers in roots and leaves of four temperate woody species.},
journal = {The New phytologist},
volume = {242},
number = {4},
pages = {1476-1485},
doi = {10.1111/nph.19731},
pmid = {38659127},
issn = {1469-8137},
support = {1753621//Division of Environmental Biology/ ; 1754679//Division of Environmental Biology/ ; 2021-70410-35296//National Institute of Food and Agriculture/ ; 2022-70410-38474//National Institute of Food and Agriculture/ ; },
mesh = {*Mycorrhizae/physiology ; *Plant Leaves/microbiology/metabolism ; *Plant Roots/microbiology ; *Symbiosis/physiology ; *Phenols/metabolism ; Wood/microbiology ; Polymers/metabolism ; },
}
@article {pmid38659112,
year = {2024},
author = {Martin, FM and Öpik, M and Dickie, IA},
title = {Mycorrhizal research now: from the micro- to the macro-scale.},
journal = {The New phytologist},
volume = {242},
number = {4},
pages = {1399-1403},
doi = {10.1111/nph.19758},
pmid = {38659112},
issn = {1469-8137},
support = {//Huazhong Agricultural University/ ; //BioProtection Aotearoa/ ; ANR-11-LABX-0002-01//Laboratory of Excellence ARBRE/ ; 1789//Eesti Teadusagentuur/ ; },
mesh = {*Mycorrhizae/physiology ; *Research ; },
}
@article {pmid38659109,
year = {2024},
author = {Giovannetti, M and Binci, F and Navazio, L and Genre, A},
title = {Fungal signals and calcium-mediated transduction pathways along the plant defence-symbiosis continuum.},
journal = {The New phytologist},
volume = {242},
number = {4},
pages = {1404-1407},
doi = {10.1111/nph.19759},
pmid = {38659109},
issn = {1469-8137},
support = {2023.0856 - ID 73737 MILAGRO//Fondazione CRC/ ; Bando Trapezio Linea 1 - ID 118527//Fondazione CSP/ ; 2021 STARS Grants@Unipd programme P-NICHE//European Commission/ ; BIRD180317//European Commission/ ; BIRD214519//European Commission/ ; PRIN PNRR prot. P2022WL8TS//European Commission/ ; PRIN prot. 2022NW97JX//European Commission/ ; },
mesh = {*Plants/metabolism/microbiology ; *Fungi/physiology ; *Symbiosis/physiology ; *Calcium/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Calcium Signaling ; Plant Immunity ; },
}
@article {pmid38657817,
year = {2024},
author = {Gong, W and Guo, L and Huang, C and Xie, B and Jiang, M and Zhao, Y and Zhang, H and Wu, Y and Liang, H},
title = {A systematic review of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in mariculture wastewater: Antibiotics removal by microalgal-bacterial symbiotic system (MBSS), ARGs characterization on the metagenomic.},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {172601},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172601},
pmid = {38657817},
issn = {1879-1026},
abstract = {Antibiotic residues in mariculture wastewater seriously affect the aquatic environment. Antibiotic Resistance Genes (ARGs) produced under antibiotic stress flow through the environment and eventually enter the human body, seriously affecting human health. Microalgal-bacterial symbiotic system (MBSS) can remove antibiotics from mariculture and reduce the flow of ARGs into the environment. This review encapsulates the present scenario of mariculture wastewater, the removal mechanism of MBSS for antibiotics, and the biomolecular information under metagenomic assay. When confronted with antibiotics, there was a notable augmentation in the extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) content within MBSS, along with a concurrent elevation in the proportion of protein (PN) constituents within the EPS, which limits the entry of antibiotics into the cellular interior. Quorum sensing stimulates the microorganisms to produce biological responses (DNA synthesis - for adhesion) through signaling. Oxidative stress promotes gene expression (coupling, conjugation) to enhance horizontal gene transfer (HGT) in MBSS. The microbial community under metagenomic detection is dominated by aerobic bacteria in the bacterial-microalgal system. Compared to aerobic bacteria, anaerobic bacteria had the significant advantage of decreasing the distribution of ARGs. Overall, MBSS exhibits remarkable efficacy in mitigating the challenges posed by antibiotics and resistant genes from mariculture wastewater.},
}
@article {pmid38657162,
year = {2024},
author = {Quarta, G and Schlick, T},
title = {Riboswitch Distribution in the Human Gut Microbiome Reveals Common Metabolite Pathways.},
journal = {The journal of physical chemistry. B},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1021/acs.jpcb.4c00267},
pmid = {38657162},
issn = {1520-5207},
abstract = {Riboswitches are widely distributed, conserved RNAs which regulate metabolite levels in bacterial cells through direct, noncovalent binding of their cognate metabolite. Various riboswitch families are highly enriched in gut bacteria, suggestive of a symbiotic relationship between the host and bacteria. Previous studies of the distribution of riboswitches have examined bacterial taxa broadly. Thus, the distribution of riboswitches associated with bacteria inhabiting the intestines of healthy individuals is not well understood. To address these questions, we survey the gut microbiome for riboswitches by including an international database of prokaryotic genomes from the gut samples. Using Infernal, a program that uses RNA-specific sequence and structural features, we survey this data set using existing riboswitch models. We identify 22 classes of riboswitches with vitamin cofactors making up the majority of riboswitch-associated pathways. Our finding is reproducible in other representative databases from the oral as well as the marine microbiomes, underscoring the importance of thiamine pyrophosphate, cobalamin, and flavin mononucleotide in gene regulation. Interestingly, riboswitches do not vary significantly across microbiome representatives from around the world despite major taxonomic differences; this suggests an underlying conservation. Further studies elucidating the role of bacterial riboswitches in the host metabolome are needed to illuminate the consequences of our finding.},
}
@article {pmid38655774,
year = {2024},
author = {Shah, S and Dougan, KE and Chen, Y and Lo, R and Laird, G and Fortuin, MDA and Rai, SK and Murigneux, V and Bellantuono, AJ and Rodriguez-Lanetty, M and Bhattacharya, D and Chan, CX},
title = {Massive genome reduction predates the divergence of Symbiodiniaceae dinoflagellates.},
journal = {The ISME journal},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/ismejo/wrae059},
pmid = {38655774},
issn = {1751-7370},
abstract = {Dinoflagellates in the family Symbiodiniaceae are taxonomically diverse, predominantly symbiotic lineages that are well-known for their association with corals. The ancestor of these taxa is believed to have been free-living. The establishment of symbiosis (i.e., symbiogenesis) is hypothesised to have occurred multiple times during Symbiodiniaceae evolution, but its impact on genome evolution of these taxa is largely unknown. Among Symbiodiniaceae, the genus Effrenium is a free-living lineage that is phylogenetically positioned between two robustly supported groups of genera within which symbiotic taxa have emerged. The apparent lack of symbiogenesis in Effrenium suggests that the ancestral features of Symbiodiniaceae may have been retained in this lineage. Here we present de novo assembled genomes (1.2-1.9 Gbp in size) and transcriptome data from three isolates of Effrenium voratum and conduct a comparative analysis that includes 16 Symbiodiniaceae taxa and the other dinoflagellates. Surprisingly, we find that genome reduction, which is often associated with a symbiotic lifestyle, predates the origin of Symbiodiniaceae. The free-living lifestyle distinguishes Effrenium from symbiotic Symbiodiniaceae vis-à-vis their longer introns, more-extensive mRNA editing, fewer (~30%) lineage-specific gene sets, and lower (~10%) level of pseudogenisation. These results demonstrate how genome reduction and the adaptation to distinct lifestyles intersect to drive diversification and genome evolution of Symbiodiniaceae.},
}
@article {pmid38655643,
year = {2024},
author = {Churcher, J},
title = {The psychoanalytic setting: José Bleger's encuadre.},
journal = {The International journal of psycho-analysis},
volume = {105},
number = {2},
pages = {216-233},
doi = {10.1080/00207578.2024.2327241},
pmid = {38655643},
issn = {1745-8315},
mesh = {Humans ; *Psychoanalytic Therapy ; History, 20th Century ; Psychoanalysis/history ; Psychoanalytic Theory ; },
abstract = {José Bleger's paper on the setting (encuadre) is integral to his 1967 book Symbiosis and Ambiguity. Relevant concepts from the book are summarised before examining his view of the setting as a "non-process" consisting of "constants", complementing the "variables" of the analytic process. Process and setting are related as figure and ground in Gestalt psychology. The ideally maintained setting is studied as a thought experiment, uniting the categories of institution, personality, body schema, and body. Deposited in the setting, the psychotic part of the personality, or "agglutinated nucleus", is a remnant of early symbiosis with the mother. Bleger distinguishes two settings: the analyst's and the patient's. The latter can only be analysed by strictly maintaining the former. Ritualisation of the setting denies temporal reality. De-symbiotisation is not always possible. A concept of "internal" setting is suggested, but Bleger nowhere mentions this and the concept is problematic, leaving open the question of how to listen to the silence of the setting. Bleger's concept of encuadre can be applied to constants (invariants) in the wider world, the psychotic part of the personality being deposited in everything that is familiar and felt to be constant, including technology, which creates a "platform" for human activity.},
}
@article {pmid38654392,
year = {2024},
author = {Lailheugue, V and Darriaut, R and Tran, J and Morel, M and Marguerit, E and Lauvergeat, V},
title = {Both the scion and rootstock of grafted grapevines influence the rhizosphere and root endophyte microbiomes, but rootstocks have a greater impact.},
journal = {Environmental microbiome},
volume = {19},
number = {1},
pages = {24},
pmid = {38654392},
issn = {2524-6372},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Soil microorganisms play an extensive role in the biogeochemical cycles providing the nutrients necessary for plant growth. Root-associated bacteria and fungi, originated from soil, are also known to influence host health. In response to environmental stresses, the plant roots exude specific molecules influencing the composition and functioning of the rhizospheric and root microbiomes. This response is host genotype-dependent and is affected by the soil microbiological and chemical properties. It is essential to unravel the influence of grapevine rootstock and scion genotypes on the composition of this microbiome, and to investigate this relationship with plant growth and adaptation to its environment. Here, the composition and the predicted functions of the microbiome of the root system were studied using metabarcoding on ten grapevine scion-rootstock combinations, in addition to plant growth and nutrition measurements.<br><br>RESULTS: The rootstock genotype significantly influenced the diversity and the structure of the bacterial and fungal microbiome, as well as its predicted functioning in rhizosphere and root compartments when grafted with the same scion cultivar. Based on &#x3b2;-diversity analyses, 1103P rootstock showed distinct bacterial and fungal communities compared to the five others (RGM, SO4, 41B, 3309&#xa0;C and Nemadex). The influence of the scion genotype was more variable depending on the community and the investigated compartment. Its contribution was primarily observed on the &#x3b2;-diversity measured for bacteria and fungi in both root system compartments, as well as for the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in the rhizosphere. Significant correlations were established between microbial variables and the plant phenotype, as well as with the plant mineral status measured in the petioles and the roots.<br><br>CONCLUSION: These results shed light on the capacity of grapevine rootstock and scion genotypes to recruit different functional communities of microorganisms, which affect host growth and adaptation to the environment. Selecting rootstocks capable of associating with positive symbiotic microorganisms is an adaptation tool that can facilitate the move towards sustainable viticulture and help cope with environmental constraints.},
}
@article {pmid38653767,
year = {2024},
author = {Tao, K and Jensen, IT and Zhang, S and Villa-Rodríguez, E and Blahovska, Z and Salomonsen, CL and Martyn, A and Björgvinsdóttir, &#xde;N and Kelly, S and Janss, L and Glasius, M and Waagepetersen, R and Radutoiu, S},
title = {Nitrogen and Nod factor signaling determine Lotus japonicus root exudate composition and bacterial assembly.},
journal = {Nature communications},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {3436},
pmid = {38653767},
issn = {2041-1723},
support = {9041-00236B//Det Frie Forskningsr&#xe5;d (Danish Council for Independent Research)/ ; NNF19SA0059362//Novo Nordisk Fonden (Novo Nordisk Foundation)/ ; },
mesh = {*Lotus/microbiology/metabolism ; *Symbiosis ; *Nitrogen/metabolism ; *Plant Roots/microbiology/metabolism ; *Signal Transduction ; *Microbiota/physiology ; Rhizosphere ; Bacterial Proteins/metabolism/genetics ; Soil Microbiology ; Nitrogen Fixation ; Plant Exudates/metabolism ; },
abstract = {Symbiosis with soil-dwelling bacteria that fix atmospheric nitrogen allows legume plants to grow in nitrogen-depleted soil. Symbiosis impacts the assembly of root microbiota, but it is unknown how the interaction between the legume host and rhizobia impacts the remaining microbiota and whether it depends on nitrogen nutrition. Here, we use plant and bacterial mutants to address the role of Nod factor signaling on Lotus japonicus root microbiota assembly. We find that Nod factors are produced by symbionts to activate Nod factor signaling in the host and that this modulates the root exudate profile and the assembly of a symbiotic root microbiota. Lotus plants with different symbiotic abilities, grown in unfertilized or nitrate-supplemented soils, display three nitrogen-dependent nutritional states: starved, symbiotic, or inorganic. We find that root and rhizosphere microbiomes associated with these states differ in composition and connectivity, demonstrating that symbiosis and inorganic nitrogen impact the legume root microbiota differently. Finally, we demonstrate that selected bacterial genera characterizing state-dependent microbiomes have a high level of accurate prediction.},
}
@article {pmid38653416,
year = {2024},
author = {Mi, R and Wang, X and Dong, Y and Li, S and Zhao, Z and Guan, X and Jiang, J and Gao, S and Fu, Z and Zhou, Z},
title = {Sustainable treatment of aquaculture water employing fungi-microalgae consortium: Nutrients removal enhancement, bacterial communities optimization, emerging contaminants elimination, and mechanism analysis.},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {172600},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172600},
pmid = {38653416},
issn = {1879-1026},
abstract = {Fungi-microalgae consortium (FMC) has emerged as a promising system for advanced wastewater treatment due to its high biomass yield and environmental sustainability. This study aimed to investigate the nutrients removal, bacterial community shift, emerging contaminants elimination, and treatment mechanism of a FMC composed of Cordyceps militaris and Navicula seminulum for aquaculture pond water treatment. The fungi and microalgae were cultured and employed either alone or in combination to evaluate the treatment performance. The results demonstrated that the FMC could improve water quality more significantly by reducing nutrient pollutants and optimizing the bacterial community structures. Furthermore, it exhibited stronger positive correlation between the enrichment of functional bacteria for water quality improvement and pollutants removal performance than the single-species treatments. Moreover, the FMC outperformed other groups in eliminating emerging contaminants such as heavy metals, antibiotics, and pathogenic Vibrios. Superiorly, the FMC also showed excellent symbiotic interactions and cooperative mechanisms for pollutants removal. The results collectively corroborated the feasibility and sustainability of using C. militaris and N. seminulum for treating aquaculture water, and the FMC would produce more mutualistic benefits and synergistic effects than single-species treatments.},
}
@article {pmid38653201,
year = {2024},
author = {Parker, J},
title = {Symbiosis: Did bacteria bias the beetle big bang?.},
journal = {Current biology : CB},
volume = {34},
number = {8},
pages = {R323-R325},
doi = {10.1016/j.cub.2024.03.009},
pmid = {38653201},
issn = {1879-0445},
mesh = {*Symbiosis ; *Coleoptera/microbiology/physiology ; Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Bacteria/classification/genetics ; Herbivory/physiology ; Bacterial Physiological Phenomena ; Phylogeny ; },
abstract = {The massive species richness of certain taxonomic groups has long enchanted evolutionary biologists, but even within such groups there are biases in cladogenesis. A study of Metazoa's greatest radiation - the beetles - points to metabolic symbioses with bacteria as a possible driver of enhanced diversification in herbivorous clades.},
}
@article {pmid38653094,
year = {2024},
author = {Wang, Z and Lian, J and Liang, J and Wei, H and Chen, H and Hu, W and Tang, M},
title = {Arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis modulates nitrogen uptake and assimilation to enhance drought tolerance of Populus cathayana.},
journal = {Plant physiology and biochemistry : PPB},
volume = {210},
number = {},
pages = {108648},
doi = {10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108648},
pmid = {38653094},
issn = {1873-2690},
abstract = {This study aims to investigate effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) inoculation on nitrogen (N) uptake and assimilation in Populus cathayana under drought stress (DS). Herein, we measured photosynthetic performance, antioxidant enzyme system, N level and N assimilation enzymes, proteins content and distribution, transcripts of genes associated with N uptake or transport in P. cathayana with AMF (AM) or without AMF (NM) under soil water limitation and adequate irrigation. Compared with NM-DS P. cathayana, the growth, gas exchange properties, antioxidant enzyme activities, total N content and the proportion of water-soluble and membrane-bound proteins in AM-DS P. cathayana were increased. Meanwhile, nitrate reductase (NR) activity, NO3[-] and NO2[-] concentrations in AM-DS P. cathayana were reduced, while NH4[+] concentration, glutamine synthetase (GS) and glutamate synthetase (GOGAT) activities were elevated, indicating that AM symbiosis reduces NO3[-] assimilation while promoting NH4[+] assimilation. Furthermore, the transcriptional levels of NH4[+] transporter genes (PcAMT1-4 and PcAMT2-1) and NO3[-] transporter genes (PcNRT2-1 and PcNRT3-1) in AM-DS P. cathayana roots were significantly down-regulated, as well as NH4[+] transporter genes (PcAMT1-6 and PcAMT4-3) in leaves. In AM P. cathayana roots, DS significantly up-regulated the transcriptional levels of RiCPSI and RiURE, the key N transport regulatory genes in AMF compared with adequate irrigation. These results indicated that AM N transport pathway play an essential role on N uptake and utilization in AM P. cathayana to cope with DS. Therefore, this research offers a novel perspective on how AM symbiosis enhances plant resilience to drought at aspect of N acquisition and assimilation.},
}
@article {pmid38651928,
year = {2024},
author = {Gtari, M and Beauchemin, NJ and Sarker, I and Sen, A and Ghodhbane-Gtari, F and Tisa, LS},
title = {An overview of Parafrankia (Nod+/Fix+) and Pseudofrankia (Nod+/Fix-) interactions through genome mining and experimental modeling in co-culture and co-inoculation of Elaeagnus angustifolia.},
journal = {Applied and environmental microbiology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e0028824},
doi = {10.1128/aem.00288-24},
pmid = {38651928},
issn = {1098-5336},
abstract = {UNLABELLED: In many frankia, the ability to nodulate host plants (Nod+) and fix nitrogen (Fix+) is a common strategy. However, some frankia within the Pseudofrankia genus lack one or two of these traits. This phenomenon has been consistently observed across various actinorhizal nodule isolates, displaying Nod- and/or Fix- phenotypes. Yet, the mechanisms supporting the colonization and persistence of these inefficient frankia within nodules, both with and without symbiotic strains (Nod+/Fix+), remain unclear. It is also uncertain whether these associations burden or benefit host plants. This study delves into the ecological interactions between Parafrankia EUN1f and Pseudofrankia inefficax EuI1c, isolated from Elaeagnus umbellata nodules. EUN1f (Nod+/Fix+) and EuI1c (Nod+/Fix-) display contrasting symbiotic traits. While the prediction suggests a competitive scenario, the absence of direct interaction evidence implies that the competitive advantage of EUN1f and EuI1c is likely contingent on contextual factors such as substrate availability and the specific nature of stressors in their respective habitats. In co-culture, EUN1f outperforms EuI1c, especially under specific conditions, driven by its nitrogenase activity. Iron-depleted conditions favor EUN1f, emphasizing iron's role in microbial competition. Both strains benefit from host root exudates in pure culture, but EUN1f dominates in co-culture, enhancing its competitive traits. Nodulation experiments show that host plant preferences align with inoculum strain abundance under nitrogen-depleted conditions, while consistently favoring EUN1f in nitrogen-supplied media. This study unveils competitive dynamics and niche exclusion between EUN1f and EuI1c, suggesting that host plant may penalize less effective strains and even all strains. These findings highlight the complex interplay between strain competition and host selective pressure, warranting further research into the underlying mechanisms shaping plant-microbe-microbe interactions in diverse ecosystems.<br><br>IMPORTANCE: While Pseudofrankia strains typically lack the common traits of ability to nodulate the host plant (Nod-) and/or fix nitrogen (Fix-), they are still recovered from actinorhizal nodules. The enigmatic question of how and why these unconventional strains establish themselves within nodule tissue, thriving either alongside symbiotic strains (Nod+/Fix+) or independently, while considering potential metabolic costs to the host plant, remains a perplexing puzzle. This study endeavors to unravel the competitive dynamics between Pseudofrankia inefficax strain EuI1c (Nod+/Fix-) and Parafrankia strain EU1Nf (Nod+/Fix+) through a comprehensive exploration of genomic data and empirical modeling, conducted both in controlled laboratory settings and within the host plant environment.},
}
@article {pmid38651867,
year = {2024},
author = {Dziuba, MK and McIntire, KM and Seto, K and Davenport, ES and Rogalski, MA and Gowler, CD and Baird, E and Vaandrager, M and Huerta, C and Jaye, R and Corcoran, FE and Withrow, A and Ahrendt, S and Salamov, A and Nolan, M and Tejomurthula, S and Barry, K and Grigoriev, IV and James, TY and Duffy, MA},
title = {Phylogeny, morphology, virulence, ecology, and host range of Ordospora pajunii (Ordosporidae), a microsporidian symbiont of Daphnia spp.},
journal = {mBio},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e0058224},
doi = {10.1128/mbio.00582-24},
pmid = {38651867},
issn = {2150-7511},
abstract = {UNLABELLED: The impacts of microsporidia on host individuals are frequently subtle and can be context dependent. A key example of the latter comes from a recently discovered microsporidian symbiont of Daphnia, the net impact of which was found to shift from negative to positive based on environmental context. Given this, we hypothesized low baseline virulence of the microsporidian; here, we investigated the impact of infection on hosts in controlled conditions and the absence of other stressors. We also investigated its phylogenetic position, ecology, and host range. The genetic data indicate that the symbiont is Ordospora pajunii, a newly described microsporidian parasite of Daphnia. We show that O. pajunii infection damages the gut, causing infected epithelial cells to lose microvilli and then rupture. The prevalence of this microsporidian could be high (up to 100% in the lab and 77% of adults in the field). Its overall virulence was low in most cases, but some genotypes suffered reduced survival and/or reproduction. Susceptibility and virulence were strongly host-genotype dependent. We found that North American O. pajunii were able to infect multiple Daphnia species, including the European species Daphnia longispina, as well as Ceriodaphnia spp. Given the low, often undetectable virulence of this microsporidian and potentially far-reaching consequences of infections for the host when interacting with other pathogens or food, this Daphnia-O. pajunii symbiosis emerges as a valuable system for studying the mechanisms of context-dependent shifts between mutualism and parasitism, as well as for understanding how symbionts might alter host interactions with resources.<br><br>IMPORTANCE: The net outcome of symbiosis depends on the costs and benefits to each partner. Those can be context dependent, driving the potential for an interaction to change between parasitism and mutualism. Understanding the baseline fitness impact in an interaction can help us understand those shifts; for an organism that is generally parasitic, it should be easier for it to become a mutualist if its baseline virulence is relatively low. Recently, a microsporidian was found to become beneficial to its Daphnia hosts in certain ecological contexts, but little was known about the symbiont (including its species identity). Here, we identify it as the microsporidium Ordospora pajunii. Despite the parasitic nature of microsporidia, we found O. pajunii to be, at most, mildly virulent; this helps explain why it can shift toward mutualism in certain ecological contexts and helps establish O. pajunii is a valuable model for investigating shifts along the mutualism-parasitism continuum.},
}
@article {pmid38651684,
year = {2024},
author = {Omondi, ZN and Caner, A and Arserim, SK},
title = {Trypanosomes and Gut Microbiota Interactions in Triatomine bugs and Tsetse Flies: A vectorial perspective.},
journal = {Medical and veterinary entomology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/mve.12723},
pmid = {38651684},
issn = {1365-2915},
abstract = {Triatomines (kissing bugs) and tsetse flies (genus: Glossina) are natural vectors of Trypanosoma cruzi and Trypanosoma brucei, respectively. T. cruzi is the causative agent of Chagas disease, endemic in Latin America, while T. brucei causes African sleeping sickness disease in sub-Saharan Africa. Both triatomines and tsetse flies are host to a diverse community of gut microbiota that co-exist with the parasites in the gut. Evidence has shown that the gut microbiota of both vectors plays a key role in parasite development and transmission. However, knowledge on the mechanism involved in parasite-microbiota interaction remains limited and scanty. Here, we attempt to analyse Trypanosoma spp. and gut microbiota interactions in tsetse flies and triatomines, with a focus on understanding the possible mechanisms involved by reviewing published articles on the subject. We report that interactions between Trypanosoma spp. and gut microbiota can be both direct and indirect. In direct interactions, the gut microbiota directly affects the parasite via the formation of biofilms and the production of anti-parasitic molecules, while on the other hand, Trypanosoma spp. produces antimicrobial proteins to regulate gut microbiota of the vector. In indirect interactions, the parasite and gut bacteria affect each other through host vector-activated processes such as immunity and metabolism. Although we are beginning to understand how gut microbiota interacts with the Trypanosoma parasites, there is still a need for further studies on functional role of gut microbiota in parasite development to maximize the use of symbiotic bacteria in vector and parasite control.},
}
@article {pmid38650769,
year = {2024},
author = {Khandelwal, R and Vagha, JD and Meshram, RJ and Patel, A},
title = {A Comprehensive Review on Unveiling the Journey of Digoxin: Past, Present, and Future Perspectives.},
journal = {Cureus},
volume = {16},
number = {3},
pages = {e56755},
pmid = {38650769},
issn = {2168-8184},
abstract = {Digoxin, a cardiac glycoside derived from the foxglove plant (Digitalis spp.), has been utilized for centuries in managing various cardiac conditions due to its ability to increase myocardial contractility and regulate heart rate. This comprehensive review explores the historical context, pharmacological properties, clinical applications, efficacy, safety profile, challenges, and future perspectives of digoxin. Tracing its journey from traditional medicine to modern cardiovascular therapeutics, we delve into its mechanism of action, therapeutic indications, and clinical guidelines. While digoxin remains a cornerstone therapy for heart failure and atrial fibrillation, its narrow therapeutic index and individual variability in response pose challenges in clinical practice. Nevertheless, ongoing research efforts aim to elucidate its role in emerging therapeutic areas and technological advancements in drug delivery. Despite the advent of newer pharmacological agents, digoxin's enduring relevance lies in its established efficacy, affordability, and global accessibility. This review underscores the symbiotic relationship between tradition and progress in cardiovascular medicine, highlighting the timeless pursuit of medical innovation to optimize patient care.},
}
@article {pmid38650736,
year = {2024},
author = {Lou, K and Chi, J and Wu, J and Ma, J and Liu, S and Cui, Y},
title = {Research progress on the microbiota in bladder cancer tumors.},
journal = {Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology},
volume = {14},
number = {},
pages = {1374944},
pmid = {38650736},
issn = {2235-2988},
mesh = {Humans ; *Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/microbiology ; *Microbiota ; Tumor Microenvironment ; },
abstract = {The microbiota, also referred to as the microbial community, is a crucial component of the human microenvironment. It is located predominantly in various organs, including the intestines, skin, oral cavity, respiratory tract, and reproductive tract. The microbiota maintains a symbiotic relationship with the human body, influencing physiological and pathological functions to a significant degree. There is increasing evidence linking the microbial flora to human cancers. In contrast to the traditional belief that the urethra and urine of normal individuals are sterile, recent advancements in high-throughput sequencing technology and bacterial cultivation methods have led to the discovery of specific microbial communities in the urethras of healthy individuals. Given the prevalence of bladder cancer (BCa) as a common malignancy of the urinary system, researchers have shifted their focus to exploring the connection between disease development and the unique microbial community within tumors. This shift has led to a deeper investigation into the role of microbiota in the onset, progression, metastasis, prognosis, and potential for early detection of BCa. This article reviews the existing research on the microbiota within BCa tumors and summarizes the findings regarding the roles of different microbes in various aspects of this disease.},
}
@article {pmid38649682,
year = {2024},
author = {Ding, S and Hamm, JN and Bale, NJ and Sinninghe Damsté, JS and Spang, A},
title = {Selective lipid recruitment by an archaeal DPANN symbiont from its host.},
journal = {Nature communications},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {3405},
pmid = {38649682},
issn = {2041-1723},
support = {694569//EC | EU Framework Programme for Research and Innovation H2020 | H2020 Priority Excellent Science | H2020 European Research Council (H2020 Excellent Science - European Research Council)/ ; 947317//EC | EU Framework Programme for Research and Innovation H2020 | H2020 Priority Excellent Science | H2020 European Research Council (H2020 Excellent Science - European Research Council)/ ; GBMF9346//Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation (Gordon E. and Betty I. Moore Foundation)/ ; },
abstract = {The symbiont Ca. Nanohaloarchaeum antarcticus is obligately dependent on its host Halorubrum lacusprofundi for lipids and other metabolites due to its lack of certain biosynthetic genes. However, it remains unclear which specific lipids or metabolites are acquired from its host, and how the host responds to infection. Here, we explored the lipidome dynamics of the Ca. Nha. antarcticus - Hrr. lacusprofundi symbiotic relationship during co-cultivation. By using a comprehensive untargeted lipidomic methodology, our study reveals that Ca. Nha. antarcticus selectively recruits 110 lipid species from its host, i.e., nearly two-thirds of the total number of host lipids. Lipid profiles of co-cultures displayed shifts in abundances of bacterioruberins and menaquinones and changes in degree of bilayer-forming glycerolipid unsaturation. This likely results in increased membrane fluidity and improved resistance to membrane disruptions, consistent with compensation for higher metabolic load and mechanical stress on host membranes when in contact with Ca. Nha. antarcticus cells. Notably, our findings differ from previous observations of other DPANN symbiont-host systems, where no differences in lipidome composition were reported. Altogether, our work emphasizes the strength of employing untargeted lipidomics approaches to provide details into the dynamics underlying a DPANN symbiont-host system.},
}
@article {pmid38648204,
year = {2024},
author = {Acar, T and Moreau, S and Jardinaud, MF and Houdinet, G and Maviane-Macia, F and De Meyer, F and Hoste, B and Leroux, O and Coen, O and Le Ru, A and Peeters, N and Carlier, A},
title = {The association between Dioscorea sansibarensis and Orrella dioscoreae as a model for hereditary leaf symbiosis.},
journal = {PloS one},
volume = {19},
number = {4},
pages = {e0302377},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0302377},
pmid = {38648204},
issn = {1932-6203},
abstract = {Hereditary, or vertically-transmitted, symbioses affect a large number of animal species and some plants. The precise mechanisms underlying transmission of functions of these associations are often difficult to describe, due to the difficulty in separating the symbiotic partners. This is especially the case for plant-bacteria hereditary symbioses, which lack experimentally tractable model systems. Here, we demonstrate the potential of the leaf symbiosis between the wild yam Dioscorea sansibarensis and the bacterium Orrella dioscoreae (O. dioscoreae) as a model system for hereditary symbiosis. O. dioscoreae is easy to grow and genetically manipulate, which is unusual for hereditary symbionts. These properties allowed us to design an effective antimicrobial treatment to rid plants of bacteria and generate whole aposymbiotic plants, which can later be re-inoculated with bacterial cultures. Aposymbiotic plants did not differ morphologically from symbiotic plants and the leaf forerunner tip containing the symbiotic glands formed normally even in the absence of bacteria, but microscopic differences between symbiotic and aposymbiotic glands highlight the influence of bacteria on the development of trichomes and secretion of mucilage. This is to our knowledge the first leaf symbiosis where both host and symbiont can be grown separately and where the symbiont can be genetically altered and reintroduced to the host.},
}
@article {pmid38648121,
year = {2024},
author = {Rodenburg, SYA and de Ridder, D and Govers, F and Seidl, MF},
title = {Oomycete metabolism is highly dynamic and reflects lifestyle adaptations.},
journal = {Molecular plant-microbe interactions : MPMI},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1094/MPMI-12-23-0200-R},
pmid = {38648121},
issn = {0894-0282},
abstract = {The selective pressure of pathogen-host symbiosis drives adaptations. How these interactions shape the metabolism of pathogens is largely unknown. Here, we use comparative genomics to systematically analyse the metabolic networks of oomycetes, a diverse group of eukaryotes that includes saprotrophs as well as pathogens of animal- and plant pathogens, the latter causing devastating diseases with significant economic and/or ecological impact. In our analyses of 44 oomycete species, we uncover considerable variation in metabolism that can be linked to lifestyle differences. Comparisons of metabolic gene content reveal that plant pathogenic oomycetes have a bipartite metabolism consisting of a conserved core and an accessory set. The accessory set can be associated with the degradation of defence compounds produced by plants when challenged by pathogens. Obligate biotrophic oomycetes have smaller metabolic networks, and taxonomically distantly related biotrophic lineages display convergent evolution by repeated gene losses in both the conserved as well as the accessory set of metabolism. When investigating to what extent the metabolic networks in obligate biotrophs differ from those in hemibiotrophic plant pathogens, we observe that the losses of metabolic enzymes in obligate biotrophs are not random and that gene losses predominantly influence the terminal branches of the metabolic networks. Our analyses represent the first metabolism-focused comparison of oomycetes at this scale and will contribute to a better understanding of the evolution of oomycete metabolism in relation to lifestyle adaptation.},
}
@article {pmid38647727,
year = {2024},
author = {Bromfield, ESP and Cloutier, S},
title = {Bradyrhizobium ontarionense sp. nov., a novel bacterial symbiont isolated from Aeschynomene indica (Indian jointvetch), harbours photosynthesis, nitrogen fixation and nitrous oxide (N2O) reductase genes.},
journal = {Antonie van Leeuwenhoek},
volume = {117},
number = {1},
pages = {69},
pmid = {38647727},
issn = {1572-9699},
support = {J-002272//Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada/ ; },
abstract = {A novel bacterial symbiont, strain A19[T], was previously isolated from a root-nodule of Aeschynomene indica and assigned to a new lineage in the photosynthetic clade of the genus Bradyrhizobium. Here data are presented for the detailed genomic and taxonomic analyses of novel strain A19[T]. Emphasis is placed on the analysis of genes of practical or ecological significance (photosynthesis, nitrous oxide reductase and nitrogen fixation genes). Phylogenomic analysis of whole genome sequences as well as 50 single-copy core gene sequences placed A19[T] in a highly supported lineage distinct from described Bradyrhizobium species with B. oligotrophicum as the closest relative. The digital DNA-DNA hybridization and average nucleotide identity values for A19[T] in pair-wise comparisons with close relatives were far lower than the respective threshold values of 70% and ~ 96% for definition of species boundaries. The complete genome of A19[T] consists of a single 8.44 Mbp chromosome and contains a photosynthesis gene cluster, nitrogen-fixation genes and genes encoding a complete denitrifying enzyme system including nitrous oxide reductase implicated in the reduction of N2O, a potent greenhouse gas, to inert dinitrogen. Nodulation and type III secretion system genes, needed for nodulation by most rhizobia, were not detected. Data for multiple phenotypic tests complemented the sequence-based analyses. Strain A19[T] elicits nitrogen-fixing nodules on stems and roots of A. indica plants but not on soybeans or Macroptilium atropurpureum. Based on the data presented, a new species named Bradyrhizobium ontarionense sp. nov. is proposed with strain A19[T] (= LMG 32638[T] = HAMBI 3761[T]) as the type strain.},
}
@article {pmid38646630,
year = {2024},
author = {Zheng, SJ and Hu, H and Li, Y and Chen, J and Li, X and Bai, T},
title = {Editorial: Microbial interaction with banana: mechanisms, symbiosis, and integrated diseases control.},
journal = {Frontiers in microbiology},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1390969},
pmid = {38646630},
issn = {1664-302X},
}
@article {pmid38646105,
year = {2024},
author = {Zhang, J and Hu, B and Deng, X and Sun, R and Zhang, R and Chen, K and Guo, W},
title = {Multiomics analysis investigating the impact of a high-fat diet in female Sprague-Dawley rats: alterations in plasma, intestinal metabolism, and microbial composition.},
journal = {Frontiers in nutrition},
volume = {11},
number = {},
pages = {1359989},
pmid = {38646105},
issn = {2296-861X},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: With improvements in living conditions, modern individuals exhibit a pronounced inclination towards a high-fat diet, largely because of its distinctive gustatory appeal. However, the association between high-fat diets and metabolic complications has largely been ignored, and metabolic diseases such as obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease now constitute a major public health concern. Because high-fat diets increase the risk of metabolic diseases, a thorough investigation into the impact of high-fat diets on gut microbiota and metabolism is required.<br><br>METHODS: We utilize 16S rRNA sequencing and untargeted metabolomics analysis to demonstrate that SD rats fed a high-fat diet exhibited marked alterations in gut microbiota and plasma, intestinal metabolism.<br><br>RESULTS: Changes in gut microbiota included a decreased abundance at phylum level for Verrucomicrobiota, and a decreased abundance at genus level for Akkermansia, Ralstonia, Bacteroides, and Faecalibacterium. Additionally, significant changes were observed in both intestinal and plasma metabolite levels, including an upregulation of bile acid metabolism, an upregulation of glucose-lipid metabolism, and increased levels of metabolites such as norlithocholic acid, cholic acid, D-fructose, D-mannose, fructose lactate, and glycerophosphocholine. We also investigated the correlations between microbial communities and metabolites, revealing a significant negative correlation between Akkermansia bacteria and cholic acid.<br><br>DISCUSSION: Overall, our findings shed light on the relationship between symbiotic bacteria associated with high-fat diets and metabolic biomarkers, and they provide insights for identifying novel therapeutic approaches to mitigate disease risks associated with a high-fat diet.},
}
@article {pmid38644405,
year = {2024},
author = {Ro, JW and Cunningham, PR and Miller, SA and Kendall, A and Harvey, J},
title = {Technical, economic, and environmental feasibility of rice hull ash from electricity generation as a mineral additive to concrete.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {14},
number = {1},
pages = {9158},
pmid = {38644405},
issn = {2045-2322},
support = {RU-14//CDFA | California Rice Research Board (RRB)/ ; },
abstract = {A circular economy based on symbiotic relationships among sectors, where the waste from one is resource to another, holds promise for cost-effective and sustainable production. This research explores such a model for the agriculture, energy, and construction sectors in California. Here, we develop new an understanding for the synergistic utilization mechanisms for rice hull, a byproduct from rice production, as a feedstock for electricity generation and rice hull ash (RHA) used as a supplementary cementitious material in concrete. A suite of methods including experimental analysis, techno-economic analysis (TEA), and life-cycle assessment (LCA) were applied to estimate the cost and environmental performance of the system. TEA results showed that the electricity price required for break even on expenses without selling RHA is $0.07/kWh, lower than the market price. As such, RHA may be available at little to no cost to concrete producers. Our experimental results showed the viability of RHA to be used as a supplementary cementitious material, meaning it can replace a portion of the cement used in concrete. LCA results showed that replacing 15% of cement with RHA in concrete can reduce carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e) emissions by 15% while still meeting material performance targets. While the substitution rate of RHA for cement may be modest, RHA generated from California alone could mitigate 0.2% of total CO2e from the entire cement production sector in the United States and 1% in California.},
}
@article {pmid38643436,
year = {2024},
author = {Sharma, N and Tapwal, A},
title = {Mycorrhizal symbiosis in Taxus: a review.},
journal = {Mycorrhiza},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {38643436},
issn = {1432-1890},
abstract = {Taxus, a genus of conifers known for its medicinal significance, faces various conservation challenges with several species classified under different threat categories by the IUCN. The overharvesting of bark and leaves for the well-known chemotherapy drug paclitaxel has resulted in its population decline. Exploring the mycorrhizal relationship in Taxus is of utmost importance, as mycorrhizal fungi play pivotal roles in nutrition, growth, and ecological resilience. Taxus predominantly associates with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AM), and reports suggest ectomycorrhizal (EM) or dual mycorrhizal associations as well. This review consolidates existing literature on mycorrhizal associations in Taxus species, focusing on structural, physiological, and molecular aspects. AM associations are well-documented in Taxus, influencing plant physiology and propagation. Conversely, EM associations remain relatively understudied, with limited evidence suggesting their occurrence. The review highlights the importance of further research to elucidate dual mycorrhizal associations in Taxus, emphasizing the need for detailed structural and physiological examinations to understand their impact on growth and survival.},
}
@article {pmid38643372,
year = {2024},
author = {Hu, J and Bi, R and Luo, Y and Wu, K and Jin, S and Liu, Z and Jia, Y and Mao, CX},
title = {The gut microbiome promotes locomotion of Drosophila larvae via octopamine signaling.},
journal = {Insect science},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/1744-7917.13370},
pmid = {38643372},
issn = {1744-7917},
support = {31500839//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 81871121//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; },
abstract = {The gut microbiome is a key partner of animals, influencing various aspects of their physiology and behaviors. Among the diverse behaviors regulated by the gut microbiome, locomotion is vital for survival and reproduction, although the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we reveal that the gut microbiome modulates the locomotor behavior of Drosophila larvae via a specific neuronal type in the brain. The crawling speed of germ-free (GF) larvae was significantly reduced compared to the conventionally reared larvae, while feeding and excretion behaviors were unaffected. Recolonization with Acetobacter and Lactobacillus can fully and partially rescue the locomotor defects in GF larvae, respectively, probably due to the highest abundance of Acetobacter as a symbiotic bacterium in the larval gut, followed by Lactobacillus. Moreover, the gut microbiome promoted larval locomotion, not by nutrition, but rather by enhancing the brain levels of tyrosine decarboxylase 2 (Tdc2), which is an enzyme that synthesizes octopamine (OA). Overexpression of Tdc2 rescued locomotion ability in GF larvae. These findings together demonstrate that the gut microbiome specifically modulates larval locomotor behavior through the OA signaling pathway, revealing a new mechanism underlying larval locomotion regulated by the gut microbiome.},
}
@article {pmid38642549,
year = {2024},
author = {Lam, AHC and Cooke, A and Wright, H and Lawson, DM and Charpentier, M},
title = {Evolution of endosymbiosis-mediated nuclear calcium signaling in land plants.},
journal = {Current biology : CB},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.cub.2024.03.063},
pmid = {38642549},
issn = {1879-0445},
abstract = {The ability of fungi to establish mycorrhizal associations with plants and enhance the acquisition of mineral nutrients stands out as a key feature of terrestrial life. Evidence indicates that arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) association is a trait present in the common ancestor of land plants,[1][,][2][,][3][,][4] suggesting that AM symbiosis was an important adaptation for plants in terrestrial environments.[5] The activation of nuclear calcium signaling in roots is essential for AM within flowering plants.[6] Given that the earliest land plants lacked roots, whether nuclear calcium signals are required for AM in non-flowering plants is unknown. To address this question, we explored the functional conservation of symbiont-induced nuclear calcium signals between the liverwort Marchantia paleacea and the legume Medicago truncatula. In M. paleacea, AM fungi penetrate the rhizoids and form arbuscules in the thalli.[7] Here, we demonstrate that AM germinating spore exudate (GSE) activates nuclear calcium signals in the rhizoids of M. paleacea and that this activation is dependent on the nuclear-localized ion channel DOES NOT MAKE INFECTIONS 1 (MpaDMI1). However, unlike flowering plants, MpaDMI1-mediated calcium signaling is only required for the thalli colonization but not for the AM penetration within rhizoids. We further demonstrate that the mechanism of regulation of DMI1 has diverged between M. paleacea and M. truncatula, including a key amino acid residue essential to sustain DMI1 in an inactive state. Our study reveals functional evolution of nuclear calcium signaling between liverworts and flowering plants and opens new avenues of research into the mechanism of endosymbiosis signaling.},
}
@article {pmid38642168,
year = {2024},
author = {Pushpavathi, D and Krishnamurthy, YL},
title = {Study on endolichenic fungal assemblage in Parmotrema and Heterodermia lichens of Shivamoga, Karnataka.},
journal = {Molecular biology reports},
volume = {51},
number = {1},
pages = {549},
pmid = {38642168},
issn = {1573-4978},
support = {201610056738 dated: 4/2/2021.//University Grant Commission of India/ ; },
mesh = {*Lichens/microbiology ; Phylogeny ; Ecosystem ; India ; *Parmeliaceae ; Plants/microbiology ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Lichen is a symbiotic association of algae and fungi, recognized as a self-sustaining ecosystem that constitutes an indeterminant number of bacteria, actinomycetes, fungi, and protozoa. We evaluated the endolichenic fungal assemblage given the dearth of knowledge on endolichenic fungi (ELFs), particularly from part of the Central Western Ghats, Karnataka, and conducted a phylogenetic analysis of xylariaceous fungi, the most diversified group of fungi using ITS and ITS+Tub2 gene set.<br><br>RESULTS: Out of 17 lichen thalli collected from 5 ecoregions, 42 morphospecies recovered, belong to the class Sordariomycetes, Eurotiomycetes, Dothideomycetes, Leotiomycetes, Saccharomycetes. About 19 and 13 ELF genera have been reported from Parmotrema and Heterodermia thallus. Among the ecoregions EC2 showing highest species diversity (Parmotrema (1-D)&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.9382, (H)&#x2009;=&#x2009;2.865, Fisher-&#x3b1;&#x2009;=&#x2009;8.429, Heterodermia (1-D)&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.8038, H&#x2009;=&#x2009;1.894, F-&#x3b1;&#x2009;=&#x2009;4.57) followed the EC3 and EC1. Xylariales are the predominant colonizer reported from at least one thallus from four ecoregions. The morphotypes ELFX04, ELFX05, ELFX08 and ELFX13 show the highest BLAST similarity (>&#x2009;99%) with Xylaria psidii, X. feejeensis, X. berteri and Hypoxylon fragiforme respectively. Species delimitation and phylogenetic position reveal the closest relation of Xylariaceous ELFs with plant endophytes.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: The observation highlights that the deciduous forest harness a high number of endolichenic fungi, a dominant portion of these fungi are non-sporulating and still exist as cryptic. Overall, 8 ELF species recognized based on phylogenetic analysis, including the two newly reported fungi ELFX03 and ELFX06 which are suspected to be new species based on the present evidence. The study proved, that the lichen being rich source to establish fungal diversity and finding new species. Successful amplification of most phylogenetic markers like RPB2, building of comprehensive taxonomic databases and application of multi-omics data are further needed to understand the complex nature of lichen-fungal symbiosis.},
}
@article {pmid38642143,
year = {2024},
author = {Fang, Y and Lu, L and Chen, K and Wang, X},
title = {Tradeoffs among root functional traits for phosphorus acquisition in 13 soybean genotypes contrasting in mycorrhizal colonization.},
journal = {Annals of botany},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/aob/mcae060},
pmid = {38642143},
issn = {1095-8290},
abstract = {BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Plants have adapted to acquire phosphorus (P) primarily through advantageous root morphologies, responsive physiological pathways, and associations with mycorrhizal fungi. Yet, to date, little information exists on how variation in arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) colonization is coordinated with root morphological and physiological traits to enhance P acquisition.<br><br>METHODS: Thirteen root functional traits associated with P acquisition were characterized at full bloom stage in pot cultures under low soil P availability conditions for 13 soybean genotypes contrasting in AM colonization.<br><br>KEY RESULTS: Significant variation in root functional traits was observed in response to low P stress among the 13 tested soybean genotypes contrasting in AM colonization. Genotypes with low AM colonization exhibited greater root proliferation but with less advantageous root physiological characteristics for P acquisition. In contrast, genotypes with high AM colonization exhibited less root growth but higher phosphatase activities and carboxylate content in the rhizosheath. Root dry weights, and contents of carbon and P were positively correlated with root morphological traits of different root orders and whole root systems, and were negatively correlated with AM colonization of fine roots and whole root systems, as well as, rhizosheath phosphatase activities and carboxylate contents. These results taken in combination with significant positive correlation between plant P content and root morphological traits indicate that root morphological traits play a primary role in soybean P acquisition.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that efficient P acquisition involves tradeoffs among carbon allocation to root proliferation, mycorrhizal symbiosis, or P-mobilizing exudation. Complementarity and complexity in the selection of P acquisition strategies was notable among soybean genotypes contrasting in AM colonization, which is closely related to plant C budgeting.},
}
@article {pmid38641926,
year = {2024},
author = {Xie, QY and Kuo, LY and Chang, CC and Lin, CJ and Wang, WH and Chen, KH},
title = {Prevalent arbuscular mycorrhizae in roots and highly variable mycobiome in leaves of epiphytic subtropical fern Ophioderma pendulum.},
journal = {American journal of botany},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e16319},
doi = {10.1002/ajb2.16319},
pmid = {38641926},
issn = {1537-2197},
abstract = {PREMISE: Endophytic and mycorrhizal fungi are crucial in facilitating plant nutrition acquisition and stress tolerance. In epiphytic habitats, plants face nutrition and water stress, but their roots are mostly nonmycorrhizal and especially lacking in arbuscular mycorrhizal associations. Ophioderma pendulum is an epiphytic fern with a partially mycoheterotrophic lifestyle, likely heavily reliant on symbiotic fungi. To characterize fungal associations in the sporophyte of O. pendulum, we focused on leaves and roots of O. pendulum, seeking to reveal the fungal communities in these organs.<br><br>METHODS: Roots and leaves from O. pendulum in a subtropical forest were examined microscopically to observe the morphology of fungal structures and determine the percentage of various fungal structures in host tissues. Fungal composition was profiled using metabarcoding techniques that targeted ITS2 of the nuclear ribosomal DNA.<br><br>RESULTS: Roots were consistently colonized by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (Glomeromycota), especially Acaulospora. Unlike previous findings on epiphytic ferns, dark septate endophytes were rare in O. pendulum roots. Leaves were predominantly colonized by Ascomycota fungi, specifically the classes Dothideomycetes (46.88%), Eurotiomycetes (11.51%), Sordariomycetes (6.23%), and Leotiomycetes (6.14%). Across sampling sites, fungal community compositions were similar in the roots but differed significantly in the leaves.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Ophioderma pendulum maintains stable, single-taxon-dominant communities in the roots, primarily featuring arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, whereas the leaves may harbor opportunistic fungal colonizers. Our study underlines the significance of mycorrhizal fungi in the adaptation of epiphytic ferns.},
}
@article {pmid38638878,
year = {2024},
author = {Pokrywka, K and Grzechowiak, M and Sliwiak, J and Worsztynowicz, P and Loch, JI and Ruszkowski, M and Gilski, M and Jaskolski, M},
title = {Probing the active site of Class 3 L-asparaginase by mutagenesis. I. Tinkering with the zinc coordination site of ReAV.},
journal = {Frontiers in chemistry},
volume = {12},
number = {},
pages = {1381032},
pmid = {38638878},
issn = {2296-2646},
abstract = {ReAV, the inducible Class-3 L-asparaginase from the nitrogen-fixing symbiotic bacterium Rhizobium etli, is an interesting candidate for optimizing its enzymatic potential for antileukemic applications. Since it has no structural similarity to known enzymes with this activity, it may offer completely new ways of approach. Also, as an unrelated protein, it would evade the immunological response elicited by other asparaginases. The crystal structure of ReAV revealed a uniquely assembled protein homodimer with a highly specific C135/K138/C189 zinc binding site in each subunit. It was also shown before that the Zn[2+] cation at low and optimal concentration boosts the ReAV activity and improves substrate specificity, which indicates its role in substrate recognition. However, the detailed catalytic mechanism of ReAV is still unknown. In this work, we have applied site-directed mutagenesis coupled with enzymatic assays and X-ray structural analysis to elucidate the role of the residues in the zinc coordination sphere in catalysis. Almost all of the seven ReAV muteins created in this campaign lost the ability to hydrolyze L-asparagine, confirming our predictions about the significance of the selected residues in substrate hydrolysis. We were able to crystallize five of the ReAV mutants and solve their crystal structures, revealing some intriguing changes in the active site area as a result of the mutations. With alanine substitutions of Cys135 or Cys189, the zinc coordination site fell apart and the mutants were unable to bind the Zn[2+] cation. Moreover, the absence of Lys138 induced atomic shifts and conformational changes of the neighboring residues from two active-site Ser-Lys tandems. Ser48 from one of the tandems, which is hypothesized to be the catalytic nucleophile, usually changes its hydration pattern in response to the mutations. Taken together, the results provide many useful clues about the catalytic mechanism of the enzyme, allowing one to cautiously postulate a possible enzymatic scenario.},
}
@article {pmid38637300,
year = {2024},
author = {Abresch, H and Bell, T and Miller, SR},
title = {Diurnal transcriptional variation is reduced in a nitrogen-fixing diatom endosymbiont.},
journal = {The ISME journal},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/ismejo/wrae064},
pmid = {38637300},
issn = {1751-7370},
abstract = {Many organisms have formed symbiotic relationships with nitrogen (N)-fixing bacteria to overcome N limitation. Diatoms in the family Rhopalodiaceae host unicellular, N-fixing cyanobacterial endosymbionts called spheroid bodies (SBs). Although this relationship is relatively young, SBs share many key features with older endosymbionts, including coordinated cell division and genome reduction. Unlike free-living relatives that fix N exclusively at night, SBs fix N largely during the day; however, how SB metabolism is regulated and coordinated with the host is not yet understood. We compared four SB genomes, including those from two new host species (Rhopalodia gibba and Epithemia adnata), to build a genome-wide phylogeny which provides a better understanding of SB evolutionary origins. Contrary to models of endosymbiotic genome reduction, the SB chromosome is unusually stable for an endosymbiont genome, likely due to the early loss of all mobile elements. Transcriptomic data for the R. gibba SB and host organelles addressed whether and how the allocation of transcriptional resources depends on light and nitrogen availability. Whereas allocation to the SB was high under all conditions, relative expression of chloroplast photosynthesis genes increased in the absence of nitrate, but this pattern was suppressed by nitrate addition. SB expression of catabolism genes was generally greater during daytime rather than at night, although the magnitude of diurnal changes in expression was modest compared to free-living cyanobacteria. We conclude that SB daytime catabolism likely supports N-fixation by linking the process to host photosynthetic carbon fixation.},
}
@article {pmid38637068,
year = {2024},
author = {Ren, H and Sun, Y and Yang, Y and Li, Y and Guo, X and Zhang, B and Zhao, H and Ma, D and Zhang, Z},
title = {Unraveling the correlations between microbial communities and metabolic profiles of strong-flavor Jinhui Daqu with different storage periods.},
journal = {Food microbiology},
volume = {121},
number = {},
pages = {104497},
doi = {10.1016/j.fm.2024.104497},
pmid = {38637068},
issn = {1095-9998},
mesh = {Fermentation ; Bacteria ; *Microbiota ; *Bacillus ; Metabolome ; },
abstract = {Daqu is a saccharification agent required for fermenting Baijiu, a popular Chinese liquor. Our objective was to investigate the relationships between physicochemical indices, microbial community diversity, and metabolite profiles of strong-flavor Jinhui Daqu during different storage periods. During different storage periods of Jinhui Daqu, we combined Illumina MiSeq sequencing and non-target sequencing techniques to analyze dynamic changes of the microbial community and metabolite composition, established a symbiotic network and explored the correlation between dominant microorganisms and differential metabolites in Daqu. Fungal community diversity in 8d_Daqu was higher than that in 45d_Daqu and 90d_Daqu, whereas bacterial community diversity was higher in 90d_Daqu. Twelve bacterial and four fungal genera were dominant during storage of Daqu. Bacillus, Leuconostoc, Kroppenstedtia, Lactococcus, Thermomyces and Wickerhamomyces decreased as the storage period increased. Differences of microbiota structure led to various metabolic pathways, and 993 differential metabolites were found in all Daqu samples. Differential microorganisms were significantly related to key metabolites. Major metabolic pathways involved in the formation of amino acids and lipids, such as l-arogenate and hydroxyproline, were identified. Interactions between moisture, acidity, and microbes may drive the succession of the microbial community, which further affects the formation of metabolites.},
}
@article {pmid38636868,
year = {2024},
author = {Ye, Q and Gong, X and Li, A and Shao, S and Ji, B},
title = {A typical acidic extracellular polysaccharide alludes to algae-bacteria-collaboration in microalgal-bacterial symbiosis.},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {172545},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172545},
pmid = {38636868},
issn = {1879-1026},
abstract = {Microalgal-bacterial symbioses are prevalent in aquatic ecosystems and play a pivotal role in carbon sequestration, significantly contributing to global carbon cycling. The understanding of the contribution of exopolysaccharides (EPSs), a crucial carbon-based component, to the structural integrity of microalgal-bacterial symbioses remains insufficiently elucidated. To address this gap, our study aims to enhance our comprehension of the composition and primary structure of EPSs within a specific type of granular microalgal-bacterial symbiosis named microalgal-bacterial granular sludge (MBGS). Our investigation reveals that the acidic EPSs characteristic of this symbiosis have molecular weights ranging from several hundred thousand to over one million Daltons, including components like glucopyranose, galactopyranose, mannose, and rhamnose. Our elucidation of the backbone linkage of a representative exopolysaccharide revealed a →3)-β-D-Galp-(1→4)-β-D-Glcp-(1→ glycosidic linkage. This linear structure closely resembles bacterial xanthan, while the branched chain structure bears similarities to algal EPSs. Our findings highlight the collaborative synthesis of acidic EPSs by both microalgae and bacteria, emphasizing their joint contribution in the production of macromolecules within microalgal-bacterial symbiosis. This collaborative synthesis underscores the intricate molecular interactions contributing to the stability and function of these symbiotic relationships.},
}
@article {pmid38636641,
year = {2024},
author = {Bian, Q and Cheng, K and Chen, L and Jiang, Y and Li, D and Xie, Z and Wang, X and Sun, B},
title = {Organic amendments increased Chinese milk vetch symbiotic nitrogen fixation by enriching Mesorhizobium in rhizosphere.},
journal = {Environmental research},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {118923},
doi = {10.1016/j.envres.2024.118923},
pmid = {38636641},
issn = {1096-0953},
abstract = {Symbiotic nitrogen fixation of Chinese milk vetch (Astragalus sinicus L.) can fix nitrogen from the atmosphere and serve as an organic nitrogen source in agricultural ecosystems. Exogenous organic material application is a common practice of affecting symbiotic nitrogen fixation; however, the results of the regulation activities remain under discussion. Studies on the impact of organic amendments on symbiotic nitrogen fixation have focused on dissolved organic carbon content changes, whereas the impact on dissolved organic carbon composition and the underlying mechanism remain unclear. In situ pot experiments were carried out using soils from a 40-year-old field experiment platform to investigate symbiotic nitrogen fixation rate trends, dissolved organic carbon concentration and component, and diazotroph community structure in roots and in rhizosphere soils following long-term application of different exogenous organic substrates, i.e., green manure, green manure and pig manure, and green manure and rice straw. Remarkable increases in rate were observed in and when compared with that in green manure treatment, with the greatest enhancement observed in the treatment. Moreover, organic amendments, particularly pig manure application, altered diazotroph community composition in rhizosphere soils, therefore increasing the abundance of the host-specific genus Mesorhizobium. Furthermore, organic amendments influence the diazotroph communities through two primary mechanisms. Firstly, the components of dissolved organic carbon promote an increase in available iron, facilitated by the presence of humus substrates. Secondly, the elevated content of dissolved organic carbon and available iron expands the niche breadth of Mesorhizobium within the rhizosphere. Consequently, these alterations result in a modified diazotroph community within the rhizosphere, which in turn influences Mesorhizobium nodulation in the root and symbiotic nitrogen fixation rate. The results of the present study enhance our understanding of the impact of organic amendments on symbiotic nitrogen fixation and the underlying mechanism, highlighting the key role of dissolved organic carbon composition on diazotroph community composition in the rhizosphere.},
}
@article {pmid38636256,
year = {2024},
author = {Wani, AK and Khan, Z and Sena, S and Akhtar, N and Alreshdi, MA and Yadav, KK and Alkahtani, AM and Wani, AW and Rahayu, F and Tafakresnanto, C and Latifah, E and Hariyono, B and Arifin, Z and Eltayeb, LB},
title = {Carbon nanotubes in plant dynamics: Unravelling multifaceted roles and phytotoxic implications.},
journal = {Plant physiology and biochemistry : PPB},
volume = {210},
number = {},
pages = {108628},
doi = {10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108628},
pmid = {38636256},
issn = {1873-2690},
abstract = {Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have emerged as a promising frontier in plant science owing to their unique physicochemical properties and versatile applications. CNTs enhance stress tolerance by improving water dynamics and nutrient uptake and activating defence mechanisms against abiotic and biotic stresses. They can be taken up by roots and translocated within the plant, impacting water retention, nutrient assimilation, and photosynthesis. CNTs have shown promise in modulating plant-microbe interactions, influencing symbiotic relationships and mitigating the detrimental effects of phytopathogens. CNTs have demonstrated the ability to modulate gene expression in plants, offering a powerful tool for targeted genetic modifications. The integration of CNTs as sensing elements in plants has opened new avenues for real-time monitoring of environmental conditions and early detection of stress-induced changes. In the realm of agrochemicals, CNTs have been explored for their potential as carriers for targeted delivery of nutrients, pesticides, and other bioactive compounds. CNTs have the potential to demonstrate phytotoxic effects, detrimentally influencing both the growth and developmental processes of plants. Phytotoxicity is characterized by induction of oxidative stress, impairment of cellular integrity, disruption of photosynthetic processes, perturbation of nutrient homeostasis, and alterations in gene expression. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of knowledge regarding the multifaceted roles of CNTs in plant physiology, emphasizing their potential applications and addressing the existing challenges in translating this knowledge into sustainable agricultural practices.},
}
@article {pmid38635919,
year = {2024},
author = {Richards, TA and Moran, NA},
title = {Symbiosis: In search of a deeper understanding.},
journal = {PLoS biology},
volume = {22},
number = {4},
pages = {e3002595},
pmid = {38635919},
issn = {1545-7885},
abstract = {How do distinct species cofunction in symbiosis, despite conflicting interests? A new collection of articles explores emerging themes as researchers exploit modern research tools and new models to unravel how symbiotic interactions function and evolve.},
}
@article {pmid38635587,
year = {2024},
author = {Ohdera, AH and Mansbridge, M and Wang, M and Naydenkov, P and Kamel, B and Goentoro, L},
title = {The microbiome of a Pacific moon jellyfish Aurelia coerulea.},
journal = {PloS one},
volume = {19},
number = {4},
pages = {e0298002},
pmid = {38635587},
issn = {1932-6203},
abstract = {The impact of microbiome in animal physiology is well appreciated, but characterization of animal-microbe symbiosis in marine environments remains a growing need. This study characterizes the microbial communities associated with the moon jellyfish Aurelia coerulea, first isolated from the East Pacific Ocean and has since been utilized as an experimental system. We find that the microbiome of this Pacific Aurelia culture is dominated by two taxa, a Mollicutes and Rickettsiales. The microbiome is stable across life stages, although composition varies. Mining the host sequencing data, we assembled the bacterial metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs). The bacterial MAGs are highly reduced, and predict a high metabolic dependence on the host. Analysis using multiple metrics suggest that both bacteria are likely new species. We therefore propose the names Ca. Mariplasma lunae (Mollicutes) and Ca. Marinirickettsia aquamalans (Rickettsiales). Finally, comparison with studies of Aurelia from other geographical populations suggests the association with Ca. Mariplasma lunae occurs in Aurelia from multiple geographical locations. The low-diversity microbiome of Aurelia provides a relatively simple system to study host-microbe interactions.},
}
@article {pmid38635556,
year = {2024},
author = {Hu, T and Wang, X and He, Q and Bei, J},
title = {Coupling development of sports industry and tourism industry based on internet of things.},
journal = {PloS one},
volume = {19},
number = {4},
pages = {e0299080},
pmid = {38635556},
issn = {1932-6203},
abstract = {This study investigates the positive coupling between the sports industry and tourism, exploring the ways to promote their interconnection. Under state guidance, the integration of sports industry services is facilitated to attract sports culture and tourism fairs, leveraging regional economic development advantages to enhance the industrial market appeal. The emerging leisure consumption mode of sports tourism injects vitality into the economy, fostering the core sports service industry. The coupling of the education and tourism sectors is strategically aligned with long-term national policies. Using IoT technology, this paper employs a grey relational analysis to assess the coupling between the sports industry and tourism, revealing a significant correlation. Experimental results demonstrate a positive coupling trend, likened to conjoined twins with a natural material basis and technical support. This coupling not only aligns with industry trends but also resonates with the "environmental protection era," "green era," and "ecological era," marking a pivotal aspect of industrial development. The study contributes valuable insights into the symbiotic relationship between the sports and tourism industries, emphasizing their interconnectedness and the positive implications for economic and environmental sustainability.},
}
@article {pmid38635155,
year = {2024},
author = {Bordini, FW and Fernandes, JC and de Souza, VLC and Galhardo, EC and de Mancilha, IM and de Almeida Felipe, MDG},
title = {Characterization of a symbiotic beverage based on water-soluble soybean extract fermented by Lactiplantibacillus plantarum ATCC 8014.},
journal = {Brazilian journal of microbiology : [publication of the Brazilian Society for Microbiology]},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {38635155},
issn = {1678-4405},
support = {158352/2019-0//Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient&#xed;fico e Tecnol&#xf3;gico/ ; },
abstract = {The health benefits of functional foods are associated with consumer interest and have supported the growth of the market for these types of foods, with emphasis on the development of new formulations based on plant extracts. Therefore, the present study aimed to characterize a symbiotic preparation based on water-soluble soy extract, supplemented with inulin and xylitol and fermented by Lactiplantibacillus plantarum ATCC 8014. Regarding nutritional issues, the symbiotic formulation can be considered a source of fiber (2 g/100 mL) and proteins (2.6 g/100 mL), and it also has a low-fat content and low caloric value. This formulation, in terms of microbiological aspects, remained adequate to legal standards after storage for 60 days under refrigeration and also presented an adequate quantity of the aforementioned probiotic strain, corresponding to 9.11 Log CFU.mL[-1]. These viable L. plantarum cells proved to be resistant to simulated human gastrointestinal tract conditions, reaching the intestine at high cell concentrations of 7.95 Log CFU.mL[-1] after 60 days of refrigeration. Regarding sensory evaluation, the formulation showed good acceptance, presenting an average overall impression score of 6.98, 5.98, and 5.16, for control samples stored for 30 and 60 days under refrigeration, respectively. These results demonstrate that water-soluble soy extract is a suitable matrix for fermentation involving L. plantarum ATCC 8014, supporting and providing data on the first steps towards the development of a symbiotic functional food, targeting consumers who have restrictions regarding the consumption of products of animal origin, diabetics, and individuals under calorie restrictions.},
}
@article {pmid38634773,
year = {2024},
author = {Yin, Y and Xie, R and Sun, Z and Jiang, T and Zhou, B and Yu, Y and Ding, H and Gai, S and Yang, P},
title = {Anti-Freezing and Ultrasensitive Zwitterionic Betaine Hydrogel-Based Strain Sensor for Motion Monitoring and Human-Machine Interaction.},
journal = {Nano letters},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c01252},
pmid = {38634773},
issn = {1530-6992},
abstract = {Ultrasensitive and reliable conductive hydrogels are significant in the construction of human-machine twinning systems. However, in extremely cold environments, freezing severely limits the application of hydrogel-based sensors. Herein, building on biomimetics, a zwitterionic hydrogel was elaborated for human-machine interaction employing multichemical bonding synergies and experimental signal analyses. The covalent bonds, hydrogen bonds, and electrostatic interactions construct a dense double network structure favorable for stress dispersion and hydrogen bond regeneration. In particular, zwitterions and ionic conductors maintained excellent strain response (99 ms) and electrical sensitivity (gauge factor = 14.52) in the dense hydrogel structure while immobilizing water molecules to enhance the weather resistance (-68 °C). Inspired by the high sensitivity, zwitterionic hydrogel-based strain sensors and remote-control gloves were designed by analyzing the experimental signals, demonstrating promising potential applications within specialized flexible materials and human-machine symbiotic systems.},
}
@article {pmid38634524,
year = {2024},
author = {},
title = {Corrigendum: Fast Reaction Kinetics and Commendable Low-Temperature Adaptability of Zinc Batteries Enabled by Aprotic Water-Acetamide Symbiotic Solvation Sheath.},
journal = {Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e202406762},
doi = {10.1002/anie.202406762},
pmid = {38634524},
issn = {1521-3773},
}
@article {pmid38633603,
year = {2024},
author = {Bacha, AA and Suhail, M and Awwad, FA and Ismail, EAA and Ahmad, H},
title = {Role of dietary fiber and lifestyle modification in gut health and sleep quality.},
journal = {Frontiers in nutrition},
volume = {11},
number = {},
pages = {1324793},
pmid = {38633603},
issn = {2296-861X},
abstract = {Dietary fiber has an immense role in the gut microbiome by modulating juvenile growth, immune system maturation, glucose, and lipid metabolism. Lifestyle changes might disrupt gut microbiota symbiosis, leading to various chronic diseases with underlying inflammatory conditions, obesity, and its associated pathologies. An interventional study of 16 weeks examined the impact of psyllium husk fiber with and without lifestyle modification on gut health and sleep quality in people with central obesity (men = 60 and women = 60), those aged from 40 to 60 years, those having WC ≥ 90 cm (men) and WC ≥ 80 cm (women), and no history of any chronic disease or regular medication. The participants were subgrouped into three intervention groups, namely, the psyllium husk fiber (PSH) group, the lifestyle modification (LSM) group, and the LSM&amp;PSH group and control group with equal gender bifurcation (men = 15 and women = 15). A 24-h dietary recall, gastrointestinal tract (GIT) symptoms, and sleep quality analysis data were collected on validated questionnaires. The analyses of variance and covariance were used for baseline and post-intervention, respectively. Student's t-test was applied for pre- and post-intervention changes on the variable of interest. The intervention effect on GIT health was highly significant (P < 0.001). The mean GIT scores of the LSM, PSH, and LSM&amp;PSH groups were 2.99 ± 0.14, 2.49 ± 0.14, and 2.71 ± 0.14, respectively, compared to the mean GIT scores of the control group. No significant (P = 0.205) effect of either intervention was observed on sleep quality. The study concluded that psyllium husk fiber significantly improved the GIT symptoms, while no significant effect of the intervention was observed on sleep quality analysis.},
}
@article {pmid38632047,
year = {2024},
author = {Arai, H and Legeai, F and Kageyama, D and Sugio, A and Simon, JC},
title = {Genomic insights into Spiroplasma endosymbionts that induce male-killing and protective phenotypes in the pea aphid.},
journal = {FEMS microbiology letters},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/femsle/fnae027},
pmid = {38632047},
issn = {1574-6968},
abstract = {The endosymbiotic bacteria Spiroplasma (Mollicutes) infect diverse plants and arthropods, and some of which induce male killing, where male hosts are killed during development. Male-killing Spiroplasma strains belong to either the phylogenetically distant Citri-Poulsonii or Ixodetis groups. In Drosophila flies, Spiroplasma poulsonii induces male killing via the Spaid toxin. While Spiroplasma ixodetis infects a wide range of insects and arachnids, little is known about the genetic basis of S. ixodetis-induced male killing. Here, we analyzed the genome of S. ixodetis strains in the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum (Aphididae, Hemiptera). Genome sequencing constructed a complete genome of a male-killing strain, sAp269, consisting of a 1.5 Mb circular chromosome and an 80 Kb plasmid. sAp269 encoded putative virulence factors containing either ankyrin repeat, ovarian tumor-like deubiquitinase, or ribosome inactivating protein domains, but lacked the Spaid toxin. Further comparative genomics of Spiroplasma strains in A. pisum biotypes adapted to different host plants revealed their phylogenetic associations and the diversity of putative virulence factors. Although the mechanisms of S. ixodetis-induced male killing in pea aphids remain elusive, this study underlines the dynamic genome evolution of S. ixodetis and proposes independent acquisition events of male-killing mechanisms in insects.},
}
@article {pmid38631236,
year = {2024},
author = {Wu, H and Nie, WB and Tan, X and Xie, GJ and Qu, H and Zhang, X and Xian, Z and Dai, J and Yang, C and Chen, Y},
title = {Different oxygen affinities of methanotrophs and Comammox Nitrospira inform an electrically induced symbiosis for nitrogen loss.},
journal = {Water research},
volume = {256},
number = {},
pages = {121606},
doi = {10.1016/j.watres.2024.121606},
pmid = {38631236},
issn = {1879-2448},
abstract = {Aerobic methanotrophs establish a symbiotic association with denitrifiers to facilitate the process of aerobic methane oxidation coupled with denitrification (AME-D). However, the symbiosis has been frequently observed in hypoxic conditions continuing to pose an enigma. The present study has firstly characterized an electrically induced symbiosis primarily governed by Methylosarcina and Hyphomicrobium for the AME-D process in a hypoxic niche caused by Comammox Nitrospira. The kinetic analysis revealed that Comammox Nitrospira exhibited a higher apparent oxygen affinity compared to Methylosarcina. While the coexistence of comammox and AME-D resulted in an increase in methane oxidation and nitrogen loss rates, from 0.82 ± 0.10 to 1.72 ± 0.09 mmol CH4 d[-1] and from 0.59 ± 0.04 to 1.30 ± 0.15 mmol N2 d[-1], respectively. Furthermore, the constructed microbial fuel cells demonstrated a pronounced dependence of the biocurrents on AME-D due to oxygen competition, suggesting the involvement of direct interspecies electron transfer in the AME-D process under hypoxic conditions. Metagenomic and metatranscriptomic analysis revealed that Methylosarcina efficiently oxidized methane to formaldehyde, subsequently generating abundant NAD(P)H for nitrate reduction by Hyphomicrobium through the dissimilatory RuMP pathway, leading to CO2 production. This study challenges the conventional understanding of survival mechanism employed by AME-D symbionts, thereby contributing to the characterization responsible for limiting methane emissions and promoting nitrogen removal in hypoxic regions.},
}
@article {pmid38630610,
year = {2024},
author = {Pilgrim, J},
title = {Comparative genomics of a novel Erwinia species associated with the Highland midge (Culicoides impunctatus).},
journal = {Microbial genomics},
volume = {10},
number = {4},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1099/mgen.0.001242},
pmid = {38630610},
issn = {2057-5858},
abstract = {Erwinia (Enterobacterales: Erwiniaceae) are a group of cosmopolitan bacteria best known as the causative agents of various plant diseases. However, other species in this genus have been found to play important roles as insect endosymbionts supplementing the diet of their hosts. Here, I describe Candidatus Erwinia impunctatus (Erwimp) associated with the Highland midge Culicoides impunctatus (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), an abundant biting pest in the Scottish Highlands. The genome of this new Erwinia species was assembled using hybrid long and short read techniques, and a comparative analysis was undertaken with other members of the genus to understand its potential ecological niche and impact. Genome composition analysis revealed that Erwimp is similar to other endophytic and ectophytic species in the genus and is unlikely to be restricted to its insect host. Evidence for an additional plant host includes the presence of a carotenoid synthesis operon implicated as a virulence factor in plant-associated members in the sister genus Pantoea. Unique features of Erwimp include several copies of intimin-like proteins which, along with signs of genome pseudogenization and a loss of certain metabolic pathways, suggests an element of host restriction seen elsewhere in the genus. Furthermore, a screening of individuals over two field seasons revealed the absence of the bacteria in Culicoides impunctatus during the second year indicating this microbe-insect interaction is likely to be transient. These data suggest that Culicoides impunctatus may have an important role to play beyond a biting nuisance, as an insect vector transmitting Erwimp alongside any conferred impacts to surrounding biota.},
}
@article {pmid38629189,
year = {2024},
author = {Bard, NW and Cronk, QCB and Davies, TJ},
title = {Fungal endophytes can modulate plant invasion.},
journal = {Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/brv.13085},
pmid = {38629189},
issn = {1469-185X},
support = {RGPIN-2019-04041//Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada/ ; RGPIN-2020-04439//Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada/ ; 6456//University of British Columbia Graduate School/ ; },
abstract = {Symbiotic organisms may contribute to a host plant's success or failure to grow, its ability to maintain viable populations, and potentially, its probability of establishment and spread outside its native range. Intercellular and intracellular microbial symbionts that are asymptomatic in their plant host during some or all of their life cycle - endophytes - can form mutualistic, commensal, or pathogenic relationships, and sometimes novel associations with alien plants. Fungal endophytes are likely the most common endosymbiont infecting plants, with life-history, morphological, physiological, and plant-symbiotic traits that are distinct from other endophytic guilds. Here, we review the community dynamics of fungal endophytes during the process of plant invasion, and how their functional role may shift during the different stages of invasion: transport, introduction (colonisation), establishment, and spread. Each invasion stage presents distinct ecological filters that an alien plant must overcome to advance to the subsequent stage of invasion. Endophytes can alternately aid the host in overcoming stage-specific filters, or contribute to the barriers imposed by filters (e.g. biotic resistance), thereby affecting invasion pathways. A few fungi can be transported as seed endophytes from their native range and be vertically transmitted to future generations in the non-native range, especially in graminoids. In other plant groups, alien plants mostly acquire endophytes via horizontal transmission from the invaded plant community, and the host endophyte community is shaped by host filtering and biogeographic factors (e.g. dispersal limitation, environmental filtering). Endophytes infecting alien plants (both those transported with their host and those accumulated in the non-native range) may influence invasion success by affecting plant growth, reproduction, environmental tolerance, and pathogen and herbivory defences; however, the direction and magnitude of these effects can be contingent upon the host identity, life stage, ecological conditions, and invasion stage. This context dependence may cause endophytic fungi to shift to a non-endophytic (e.g. pathogenic) functional life stage in the same or different hosts, which can modify alien-native plant community dynamics. We conclude by identifying paths in which alien hosts can exploit the context dependency of endophyte function in novel abiotic and biotic conditions and at the different stages of invasion.},
}
@article {pmid38628862,
year = {2024},
author = {Ullah, A and Gao, D and Wu, F},
title = {Common mycorrhizal network: the predominant socialist and capitalist responses of possible plant-plant and plant-microbe interactions for sustainable agriculture.},
journal = {Frontiers in microbiology},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1183024},
pmid = {38628862},
issn = {1664-302X},
abstract = {Plants engage in a variety of interactions, including sharing nutrients through common mycorrhizal networks (CMNs), which are facilitated by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). These networks can promote the establishment, growth, and distribution of limited nutrients that are important for plant growth, which in turn benefits the entire network of plants. Interactions between plants and microbes in the rhizosphere are complex and can either be socialist or capitalist in nature, and the knowledge of these interactions is equally important for the progress of sustainable agricultural practice. In the socialist network, resources are distributed more evenly, providing benefits for all connected plants, such as symbiosis. For example, direct or indirect transfer of nutrients to plants, direct stimulation of growth through phytohormones, antagonism toward pathogenic microorganisms, and mitigation of stresses. For the capitalist network, AMF would be privately controlled for the profit of certain groups of plants, hence increasing competition between connected plants. Such plant interactions invading by microbes act as saprophytic and cause necrotrophy in the colonizing plants. In the first case, an excess of the nutritional resources may be donated to the receiver plants by direct transfer. In the second case, an unequal distribution of resources occurs, which certainly favor individual groups and increases competition between interactions. This largely depends on which of these responses is predominant ("socialist" or "capitalist") at the moment plants are connected. Therefore, some plant species might benefit from CMNs more than others, depending on the fungal species and plant species involved in the association. Nevertheless, benefits and disadvantages from the interactions between the connected plants are hard to distinguish in nature once most of the plants are colonized simultaneously by multiple fungal species, each with its own cost-benefits. Classifying plant-microbe interactions based on their habitat specificity, such as their presence on leaf surfaces (phyllospheric), within plant tissues (endophytic), on root surfaces (rhizospheric), or as surface-dwelling organisms (epiphytic), helps to highlight the dense and intricate connections between plants and microbes that occur both above and below ground. In these complex relationships, microbes often engage in mutualistic interactions where both parties derive mutual benefits, exemplifying the socialistic or capitalistic nature of these interactions. This review discusses the ubiquity, functioning, and management interventions of different types of plant-plant and plant-microbe interactions in CMNs, and how they promote plant growth and address environmental challenges for sustainable agriculture.},
}
@article {pmid38628363,
year = {2024},
author = {Preiner, J and Steccari, I and Oburger, E and Wienkoop, S},
title = {Rhizobium symbiosis improves amino acid and secondary metabolite biosynthesis of tungsten-stressed soybean (Glycine max).},
journal = {Frontiers in plant science},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1355136},
pmid = {38628363},
issn = {1664-462X},
abstract = {The industrially important transition metal tungsten (W) shares certain chemical properties with the essential plant micronutrient molybdenum and inhibits the activity of molybdoenzymes such as nitrate reductase, impacting plant growth. Furthermore, tungsten appears to interfere with metabolic processes on a much wider scale and to trigger common heavy metal stress response mechanisms. We have previously found evidence that the tungsten stress response of soybeans (Glycine max) grown with symbiotically associated N2-fixing rhizobia (Bradyrhizobium japonicum) differs from that observed in nitrogen-fertilized soy plants. This study aimed to investigate how association with symbiotic rhizobia affects the primary and secondary metabolite profiles of tungsten-stressed soybean and whether changes in metabolite composition enhance the plant's resilience to tungsten. This comprehensive metabolomic and proteomic study presents further evidence that the tungsten-stress response of soybean plants is shaped by associated rhizobia. Symbiotically grown plants (N fix) were able to significantly increase the synthesis of an array of protective compounds such as phenols, polyamines, gluconic acid, and amino acids such as proline. This resulted in a higher antioxidant capacity, reduced root-to-shoot translocation of tungsten, and, potentially, also enhanced resilience of N fix plants compared to non-symbiotic counterparts (N fed). Taken together, our study revealed a symbiosis-specific metabolic readjustment in tungsten-stressed soybean plants and contributed to a deeper understanding of the mechanisms involved in the rhizobium-induced systemic resistance in response to heavy metals.},
}
@article {pmid38628176,
year = {2024},
author = {Hung, CM and Chu, WC and Huang, WY and Lee, PJ and Kuo, WC and Hou, CY and Yang, CC and Yang, AJ and Wu, WK and Kuo, ML and Wu, MS and Chen, WJ},
title = {Safety assessment of a proprietary fermented soybean solution, Symbiota®, as an ingredient for use in foods and dietary supplements: Non-clinical studies and a randomized trial.},
journal = {Food science &amp; nutrition},
volume = {12},
number = {4},
pages = {2346-2363},
pmid = {38628176},
issn = {2048-7177},
abstract = {A safety evaluation was performed of Symbiota®, which is made by a proprietary anaerobic fermentation process of soybean with multistrains of probiotics and a yeast. The battery of genotoxicity studies showed that Symbiota® has no genotoxic effects. Safety and tolerability were further assessed by acute or repeated dose 28- and 90-day rodent studies, and no alterations in clinical observations, ophthalmological examination, blood chemistry, urinalysis, or hematology were observed between the control group and the different dosing groups (1.5, 5, and 15 mL/kg/day). There were no adverse effects on specific tissues or organs in terms of weight and histopathology. Importantly, the Symbiota® treatment did not perturb hormones and other endocrine-related endpoints. Of note, the No-Observed-Adverse-Effect-Level was determined to be 15 mL/kg/day in rats. Moreover, a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was recently conducted with healthy volunteers who consumed 8 mL/day of placebo or Symbiota® for 8 weeks. Only mild adverse events were reported in both groups, and the blood chemistry and blood cell profiles were also similar between the two groups. In summary, this study concluded that the oral consumption of Symbiota® at 8 mL/day by the general population does not pose any human health concerns.},
}
@article {pmid38628137,
year = {2024},
author = {Comba, P and Velmurugan, G and Baur, P},
title = {A Dicopper(II)-Based Carbonic Anhydrase Model - Quantum-Chemical Evaluation of the Mechanistic Pathway.},
journal = {Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e202319530},
doi = {10.1002/anie.202319530},
pmid = {38628137},
issn = {1521-3773},
abstract = {The cyanobacterium Prochloron didemni, an obligate symbiont of different species of colonial ascidians, occurring in the Pacific and Indian Oceans, produces a variety of cyclic peptides. These patellamide-type macrocycles lead to relatively stable dicopper(II) complexes that are extremely efficient carbonic anhydrase mimics, the most active model systems known so far. Importantly, it recently was shown that copper(II) is coordinated to patellamide derivatives in Prochloron cells. An interesting question therefore is, whether the biological function of patellamide-type macrocycles is related to the catalytic activity in CO2 hydration or its reverse. Here, we present a computational study to evaluate the energetics of the catalytic cycle in search of a possible answer to these questions and compare the computed energy barriers with the experimental kinetic data. It emerges that release of the bridging carbonate is a critical step and that the catalysis product inhibits catalysis at pH values above approx. 7. Therefore, carbonate transport rather than CO2 hydrolysis is proposed as the biological function of copper(II)-patellamide complexes in the Prochloron-Ascidian symbiosis.},
}
@article {pmid38628125,
year = {2024},
author = {Baiz, MD and Wood, AW and Toews, DPL},
title = {Association between the gut microbiome and carotenoid plumage phenotype in an avian hybrid zone.},
journal = {Proceedings. Biological sciences},
volume = {291},
number = {2021},
pages = {20240238},
pmid = {38628125},
issn = {1471-2954},
mesh = {Humans ; Animals ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; Phenotype ; Vertebrates ; *Passeriformes ; Carotenoids ; },
abstract = {Vertebrates host complex microbiomes that impact their physiology. In many taxa, including colourful wood-warblers, gut microbiome similarity decreases with evolutionary distance. This may suggest that as host populations diverge, so do their microbiomes, because of either tight coevolutionary dynamics, or differential environmental influences, or both. Hybridization is common in wood-warblers, but the effects of evolutionary divergence on the microbiome during secondary contact are unclear. Here, we analyse gut microbiomes in two geographically disjunct hybrid zones between blue-winged warblers (Vermivora cyanoptera) and golden-winged warblers (Vermivora chrysoptera). We performed 16S faecal metabarcoding to identify species-specific bacteria and test the hypothesis that host admixture is associated with gut microbiome disruption. Species identity explained a small amount of variation between microbiomes in only one hybrid zone. Co-occurrence of species-specific bacteria was rare for admixed individuals, yet microbiome richness was similar among admixed and parental individuals. Unexpectedly, we found several bacteria that were more abundant among admixed individuals with a broader deposition of carotenoid-based plumage pigments. These bacteria are predicted to encode carotenoid biosynthesis genes, suggesting birds may take advantage of pigments produced by their gut microbiomes. Thus, host admixture may facilitate beneficial symbiotic interactions which contribute to plumage ornaments that function in sexual selection.},
}
@article {pmid38628883,
year = {2023},
author = {Alavi Foumani, A and Jafari, A and Tangestani Nejad, A and Jafarinejhad, A and Ziyapour, S and Keivanlou, MH and Afzalipour, M},
title = {Effects of Probiotics on Clinical Manifestations of Bronchiectasis: A Randomized, Triple Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial.},
journal = {Tanaffos},
volume = {22},
number = {2},
pages = {221-229},
pmid = {38628883},
issn = {1735-0344},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Bronchiectasis is a condition characterized by abnormal and permanent bronchial constriction that leads to sputum production and bronchial infection. The current study was done to evaluate the effects of symbiotic probiotics on the clinical manifestations and exacerbation of bronchiectasis.<br><br>MATERIALS AND METHODS: 26 patients in the placebo group (A) and 24 patients in the probiotic group (B) were allocated. In group A, patients took the placebo capsules two times daily for six months. In group B, patients took the LactoCare two times daily for six months.<br><br>RESULTS: The mean age of patients was 55.73&#xb1;13.62 (group A) and 54.5&#xb1;12.59 years (group B). Most of the patients had consumed azithromycin in both groups. The current study demonstrated there was no statistically significant difference between the decreased rate of pulmonary exacerbations in both groups. However, a decreasing trend was shown in the rate of pulmonary exacerbations without hospitalization (P=0.610). Also, there was a decreasing trend in the rate of pulmonary exacerbations leading to hospitalization (P=0.956). The most frequent etiologic pathogen was Pseudomonas sp. FEV1 and FVC/FEV1 ratios were higher in group B than in group A. However, there was no statistically significant difference between groups A and B (P=0.908 vs 0.403).<br><br>CONCLUSION: The symbiotic probiotics were not effective in the clinical improvement of bronchiectasis, consumption of antibiotics, the rate of pulmonary exacerbations with or without hospitalization, FEV1 and FEV1/FVC, and microbiological pattern.},
}
@article {pmid38628120,
year = {2024},
author = {Rohner, PT and Moczek, AP},
title = {Vertically inherited microbiota and environment modifying behaviours conceal genetic variation in dung beetle life history.},
journal = {Proceedings. Biological sciences},
volume = {291},
number = {2021},
pages = {20240122},
doi = {10.1098/rspb.2024.0122},
pmid = {38628120},
issn = {1471-2954},
abstract = {Diverse organisms actively manipulate their (sym)biotic and physical environment in ways that feed back on their own development. However, the degree to which these processes affect microevolution remains poorly understood. The gazelle dung beetle both physically modifies its ontogenetic environment and structures its biotic interactions through vertical symbiont transmission. By experimentally eliminating (i) physical environmental modifications and (ii) the vertical inheritance of microbes, we assess how environment modifying behaviour and microbiome transmission shape heritable variation and evolutionary potential. We found that depriving larvae of symbionts and environment modifying behaviours increased additive genetic variance and heritability for development time but not body size. This suggests that larvae's ability to manipulate their environment has the potential to modify heritable variation and to facilitate the accumulation of cryptic genetic variation. This cryptic variation may become released and selectable when organisms encounter environments that are less amenable to organismal manipulation or restructuring. Our findings also suggest that intact microbiomes, which are commonly thought to increase genetic variation of their hosts, may instead reduce and conceal heritable variation. More broadly, our findings highlight that the ability of organisms to actively manipulate their environment may affect the potential of populations to evolve when encountering novel, stressful conditions.},
}
@article {pmid38627952,
year = {2024},
author = {Nandety, RS and Oh, S and Lee, HK and Krom, N and Gupta, R and Mysore, KS},
title = {Genome-wide methylation landscape during somatic embryogenesis in Medicago truncatula reveals correlation between Tnt1 retrotransposition and hyperactive methylation regions.},
journal = {The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/tpj.16744},
pmid = {38627952},
issn = {1365-313X},
support = {//Noble Research Institute/ ; 0201-88888-002-000D//Agricultural Research Service/ ; 0201-88888-003-000D//Agricultural Research Service/ ; 3060-21000-046-00D//Agricultural Research Service/ ; 0500-00093-001-00D//Agricultural Research Service/ ; IOS-1733470//National Science Foundation/ ; },
abstract = {Medicago truncatula is a model legume for fundamental research on legume biology and symbiotic nitrogen fixation. Tnt1, a retrotransposon from tobacco, was used to generate insertion mutants in M. truncatula R108. Approximately 21 000 insertion lines have been generated and publicly available. Tnt1 retro-transposition event occurs during somatic embryogenesis (SE), a pivotal process that triggers massive methylation changes. We studied the SE of M. truncatula R108 using leaf explants and explored the dynamic shifts in the methylation landscape from leaf explants to callus formation and finally embryogenesis. Higher cytosine methylation in all three contexts of CG, CHG, and CHH patterns was observed during SE compared to the controls. Higher methylation patterns were observed in assumed promoter regions (~2-kb upstream regions of transcription start site) of the genes, while lowest was recorded in the untranslated regions. Differentially methylated promoter region analysis showed a higher CHH methylation in embryogenesis tissue samples when compared to CG and CHG methylation. Strong correlation (89.71%) was identified between the differentially methylated regions (DMRs) and the site of Tnt1 insertions in M. truncatula R108 and stronger hypermethylation of genes correlated with higher number of Tnt1 insertions in all contexts of CG, CHG, and CHH methylation. Gene ontology enrichment and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis identified genes and pathways enriched in the signal peptide processing, ATP hydrolysis, RNA polymerase activity, transport, secondary metabolites, and nitrogen metabolism pathways. Combined gene expression analysis and methylation profiling showed an inverse relationship between methylation in the DMRs (regions spanning genes) and the expression of genes. Our results show that a dynamic shift in methylation happens during the SE process in the context of CG, CHH and CHG methylation, and the Tnt1 retrotransposition correlates with the hyperactive methylation regions.},
}
@article {pmid38625963,
year = {2024},
author = {Tisseyre, P and Cartieaux, F and Chabrillange, N and Gully, D and Hocher, V and Svistoonoff, S and Gherbi, H},
title = {Setting up Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation of the tropical legume Aeschynomene evenia, a powerful tool for studying gene function in Nod Factor-independent symbiosis.},
journal = {PloS one},
volume = {19},
number = {4},
pages = {e0297547},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0297547},
pmid = {38625963},
issn = {1932-6203},
abstract = {Most legumes are able to develop a root nodule symbiosis in association with proteobacteria collectively called rhizobia. Among them, the tropical species Aeschynomene evenia has the remarkable property of being nodulated by photosynthetic Rhizobia without the intervention of Nod Factors (NodF). Thereby, A. evenia has emerged as a working model for investigating the NodF-independent symbiosis. Despite the availability of numerous resources and tools to study the molecular basis of this atypical symbiosis, the lack of a transformation system based on Agrobacterium tumefaciens significantly limits the range of functional approaches. In this report, we present the development of a stable genetic transformation procedure for A. evenia. We first assessed its regeneration capability and found that a combination of two growth regulators, NAA (= Naphthalene Acetic Acid) and BAP (= 6-BenzylAminoPurine) allows the induction of budding calli from epicotyls, hypocotyls and cotyledons with a high efficiency in media containing 0,5 μM NAA (up to 100% of calli with continuous stem proliferation). To optimize the generation of transgenic lines, we employed A. tumefaciens strain EHA105 harboring a binary vector carrying the hygromycin resistance gene and the mCherry fluorescent marker. Epicotyls and hypocotyls were used as the starting material for this process. We have found that one growth medium containing a combination of NAA (0,5 μM) and BAP (2,2 μM) was sufficient to induce callogenesis and A. tumefaciens strain EHA105 was sufficiently virulent to yield a high number of transformed calli. This simple and efficient method constitutes a valuable tool that will greatly facilitate the functional studies in NodF-independent symbiosis.},
}
@article {pmid38625750,
year = {2023},
author = {Zarei, H and Shahhosseini, M},
title = {Comparison effect of lasalocid, diclazuril, probiotic and symbiotic on histomorpholical changes of small intestine induced by E. tenella.},
journal = {Veterinaria italiana},
volume = {59},
number = {2},
pages = {},
doi = {10.12834/VetIt.2587.17307.2},
pmid = {38625750},
issn = {1828-1427},
abstract = {This study aimed to investigate the comparison of effect of anticoccidal drugs including lasalocid and diclazuril with probiotic and synbiotic on the growth performance and intestinal morphology in broiler chicken. One hundred eighty chickens (Ross 308, 1 day old) were randomly divided into 6 equal groups (n=30) including the negative control (basal diet), the positive control (basal diet+oral inoculation of 3×104 sporulated oocytes of E. tenella, and four treatment groups. At days of 28 and 49 of age, 9 chickens were blindly chosen from each group were scarified by decapitation and their various segments of small intestine including ileum, jejunum, and duodenum were evaluated histomorphologically. We found that the economic losses resulted from coccidial infection in the poultry industry are caused by the decreased performance of broiler chicken induced by morphological changes in the any three segments specially jejunum. The anticoccidial drugs, synbiotic and probiotic can partially prevent morphological changes in any three segments of small intestine in broiler chicken with coccidiosis. Since morphological changes in the jejunum begin earlier than in other parts and surface area of jejunal villi is important for nutrition absorbance as well as growth performance, lasolacid was found to a be more efficient treatment in this regard.},
}
@article {pmid38625427,
year = {2024},
author = {Grassi, A and Pagliarani, I and Avio, L and Cristani, C and Rossi, F and Turrini, A and Giovannetti, M and Agnolucci, M},
title = {Bioprospecting for plant resilience to climate change: mycorrhizal symbionts of European and American beachgrass (Ammophila arenaria and Ammophila breviligulata) from maritime sand dunes.},
journal = {Mycorrhiza},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {38625427},
issn = {1432-1890},
abstract = {Climate change and global warming have contributed to increase terrestrial drought, causing negative impacts on agricultural production. Drought stress may be addressed using novel agronomic practices and beneficial soil microorganisms, such as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), able to enhance plant use efficiency of soil resources and water and increase plant antioxidant defence systems. Specific traits functional to plant resilience improvement in dry conditions could have developed in AMF growing in association with xerophytic plants in maritime sand dunes, a drought-stressed and low-fertility environment. The most studied of such plants are European beachgrass (Ammophila arenaria Link), native to Europe and the Mediterranean basin, and American beachgrass (Ammophila breviligulata Fern.), found in North America. Given the critical role of AMF for the survival of these beachgrasses, knowledge of the composition of AMF communities colonizing their roots and rhizospheres and their distribution worldwide is fundamental for the location and isolation of native AMF as potential candidates to be tested for promoting crop growth and resilience under climate change. This review provides quantitative and qualitative data on the occurrence of AMF communities of A. arenaria and A. breviligulata growing in European, Mediterranean basin and North American maritime sand dunes, as detected by morphological studies, trap culture isolation and molecular methods, and reports on their symbiotic performance. Moreover, the review indicates the dominant AMF species associated with the two Ammophila species and the common species to be further studied to assess possible specific traits increasing their host plants resilience toward drought stress under climate change.},
}
@article {pmid38625212,
year = {2023},
author = {Kastelli, I and Mamica, L and Lee, K},
title = {New perspectives and issues in industrial policy for sustainable development: from developmental and entrepreneurial to environmental state.},
journal = {Review of evolutionary political economy},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-25},
pmid = {38625212},
issn = {2662-6144},
abstract = {The increasingly acute consequences of the climate crisis, the COVID-19 pandemic, and the energy crisis have put industrial policy back. The papers in this issue examine how different countries implement industrial policy for sustainable development from a variety of perspectives. A successful transition to sustainable development seems to require not only the mix of carrots and sticks but also a right mix of creation versus destruction, as in the case of the creation of renewable businesses and the destruction of fossil-fuel businesses. Furthermore, because institutional diversity and the risk of capture can result in very distinct economic, social, and environmental effects, consideration of heterogeneity at the country and sector levels and coordination of vested interests are essential ingredients for sustainable industrial policies, as shown by the case of industrial policy in France and the two industry cases in India. By contrast, the Amazon Fund case is indicative of the three success elements: multi-stakeholder governance, pay-for-performance funding, and non-reimbursable project financing. These three elements can be summarized as local ownership and accountable governance, provided with both carrots and sticks. The problematic case of urban development driven by the oil industry in Ghana can be criticized in terms of the lack of local ownership of the oil industry, which has led to all rents being monopolized by the absentee class. By comparison, the mixed success of cases of industrial symbiosis in Uganda is attributed to the lack of effective carrots. In sum, industrial policy for sustainable development requires handling well all three types of failure, namely, market, system, and capability failures, because it necessitates building capabilities of involved actors and coordinating actions of agents, in addition to providing optimal incentives to reflect externalities of global public goods. Overall, the shifting focus of industrial policy is consistent with the shift of the role of the state, from developmental to entrepreneurial, and finally to environmental state.},
}
@article {pmid38624207,
year = {2024},
author = {Banerjee, A and Kang, C-Y and An, M and Koff, BB and Sunder, S and Kumar, A and Tenuta, LMA and Stockbridge, RB},
title = {Fluoride export is required for the competitive fitness of pathogenic microorganisms in dental biofilm models.},
journal = {mBio},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e0018424},
doi = {10.1128/mbio.00184-24},
pmid = {38624207},
issn = {2150-7511},
abstract = {UNLABELLED: Microorganisms resist fluoride toxicity using fluoride export proteins from one of several different molecular families. Cariogenic species Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans extrude intracellular fluoride using a CLC[F] F[-]/H[+] antiporter and FEX fluoride channel, respectively, whereas oral commensal eubacteria, such as Streptococcus gordonii, export fluoride using a Fluc fluoride channel. In this work, we examine how genetic knockout of fluoride export impacts pathogen fitness in single-species and three-species dental biofilm models. For biofilms generated using S. mutans with the genetic knockout of the CLC[F] transporter, exposure to low fluoride concentrations decreased S. mutans counts, synergistically reduced the populations of C. albicans, increased the relative proportion of oral commensal S. gordonii, and reduced properties associated with biofilm pathogenicity, including acid production and hydroxyapatite dissolution. Biofilms prepared with C. albicans with genetic knockout of the FEX channel also exhibited reduced fitness in the presence of fluoride but to a lesser degree. Imaging studies indicate that S. mutans is highly sensitive to fluoride, with the knockout strain undergoing complete lysis when exposed to low fluoride for a moderate amount of time. Biochemical purification of the S. mutans CLC[F] transporter and functional reconstitution establishes that the functional protein is a dimer encoded by a single gene. Together, these findings suggest that fluoride export by oral pathogens can be targeted by specific inhibitors to restore biofilm symbiosis in dental biofilms and that S. mutans is especially susceptible to fluoride toxicity.<br><br>IMPORTANCE: Dental caries is a globally prevalent condition that occurs when pathogenic species, including Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans, outcompete beneficial species, such as Streptococcus gordonii, in the dental biofilm. Fluoride is routinely used in oral hygiene to prevent dental caries. Fluoride also has antimicrobial properties, although most microbes possess fluoride exporters to resist its toxicity. This work shows that sensitization of cariogenic species S. mutans and C. albicans to fluoride by genetic knockout of fluoride exporters alters the microbial composition and pathogenic properties of dental biofilms. These results suggest that the development of drugs that inhibit fluoride exporters could potentiate the anticaries effect of fluoride in over-the-counter products like toothpaste and mouth rinses. This is a novel strategy to treat dental caries.},
}
@article {pmid38622882,
year = {2024},
author = {Baghel, K and Khan, A and Kango, N},
title = {Role of Synbiotics (Prebiotics and Probiotics) as Dietary Supplements in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Induced Health Complications.},
journal = {Journal of dietary supplements},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-32},
doi = {10.1080/19390211.2024.2340509},
pmid = {38622882},
issn = {1939-022X},
abstract = {Diabetes is a metabolic disorder whose prevalence has become a worrying condition in recent decades. Chronic diabetes can result in serious health conditions such as impaired kidney function, stroke, blindness, and myocardial infarction. Despite a variety of currently available treatments, cases of diabetes and its complications are on the rise. This review article provides a comprehensive account of the ameliorative effect of prebiotics and probiotics individually or in combination i.e. synbiotics on health complications induced by Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). Recent advances in the field underscore encouraging outcomes suggesting the consumption of synbiotics leads to favorable changes in the gut microbiota. These changes result in the production of bioactive metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids (crucial for lowering blood sugar levels), reducing inflammation, preventing insulin resistance, and encouraging the release of glucagon-like peptide-1 in the host. Notably, novel strategies supplementing synbiotics to support gut microbiota are gaining attraction as pivotal interventions in mitigating T2DM-induced health complications. Thus, by nurturing a symbiotic relationship between prebiotics and probiotics i.e. synbiotics, these interventions hold promise in reshaping the microbial landscape of the gut thereby offering a multifaceted approach to managing T2DM and its associated morbidities. Supporting the potential of synbiotics underscores a paradigm shift toward holistic and targeted interventions in diabetes management, offering prospects for improved outcomes and enhanced quality of life for affected individuals. Nevertheless, more research needs to be done to better understand the single and multispecies pre/pro and synbiotics in the prevention and management of T2DM-induced health complications.},
}
@article {pmid38621717,
year = {2024},
author = {Han, D and Park, KT and Kim, H and Kim, TH and Jeong, MK and Nam, SI},
title = {Interaction between phytoplankton and heterotrophic bacteria in Arctic fjords during glacial melting season as revealed by eDNA metabarcoding.},
journal = {FEMS microbiology ecology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/femsec/fiae059},
pmid = {38621717},
issn = {1574-6941},
abstract = {The hydrographic variability in the fjords of Svalbard significantly influences water mass properties, causing distinct patterns of microbial diversity and community composition between surface and subsurface layers. However, surveys on the phytoplankton-associated bacterial communities, pivotal to ecosystem functioning in Arctic fjords, are limited. This study investigated the interactions between phytoplankton and heterotrophic bacterial communities in Svalbard fjord waters through comprehensive eDNA metabarcoding with 16S and 18S rRNA genes. The 16S rRNA sequencing results revealed a homogenous community composition including a few dominant heterotrophic bacteria across fjord waters, whereas 18S rRNA results suggested a spatially diverse eukaryotic plankton distribution. The relative abundances of heterotrophic bacteria showed a depth-wise distribution. In contrast, the dominant phytoplankton populations exhibited variable distributions in surface waters. In the network model, the linkage of phytoplankton (Prasinophytae and Dinophyceae) to heterotrophic bacteria, particularly Actinobacteria, suggested the direct or indirect influence of bacterial contributions on the fate of phytoplankton-derived organic matter. Our prediction of the metabolic pathways for bacterial activity related to phytoplankton-derived organic matter suggested competitive advantages and symbiotic relationships between phytoplankton and heterotrophic bacteria. Our findings provide valuable insights into the response of phytoplankton-bacterial interactions to environmental changes in Arctic fjords.},
}
@article {pmid38619133,
year = {2024},
author = {Chen, X and Hu, X and Jiang, J and Wang, X},
title = {Functions and Mechanisms of Brassinosteroids in Regulating Crop Agronomic Traits.},
journal = {Plant &amp; cell physiology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/pcp/pcae044},
pmid = {38619133},
issn = {1471-9053},
support = {2022YFA0912100//National Key Research and Development Program of China/ ; 220913002//Special Fund for Scientific Research Development of Henan Academy of Sciences/ ; 224000510001//Innovation Scientists and Technicians Troop Construction Projects of Henan Province/ ; U21A20181//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; },
abstract = {Brassinosteroids (BRs) perform crucial functions controlling plant growth and developmental processes, encompassing many agronomic traits in crops. Studies of BR-related genes involved in agronomic traits have suggested that BRs could serve as a potential target for crop breeding. Given the pleiotropic effect of BRs, a systematic understanding of their functions and molecular mechanisms is conducive for application in crop improvement. Here, we summarize the functions and underlying mechanisms by which BRs regulate the several major crop agronomic traits, including plant architecture, grain size, as well as the specific trait of symbiotic nitrogen fixation in legume crops. For plant architecture, we discuss the roles of BRs in plant height, branching number, and leaf erectness and propose how progress in these fields may contribute to designing crops with optimal agronomic traits and improved grain yield by accurately modifying BR levels and signaling pathways.},
}
@article {pmid38619026,
year = {2024},
author = {Baglivo, I and Malgieri, G and Roop, RM and Barton, IS and Wang, X and Russo, V and Pirone, L and Pedone, EM and Pedone, PV},
title = {MucR protein: Three decades of studies have led to the identification of a new H-NS-like protein.},
journal = {Molecular microbiology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/mmi.15261},
pmid = {38619026},
issn = {1365-2958},
support = {R01AI172822/NH/NIH HHS/United States ; R01GM141242/NH/NIH HHS/United States ; R01GM143182/NH/NIH HHS/United States ; },
abstract = {MucR belongs to a large protein family whose members regulate the expression of virulence and symbiosis genes in α-proteobacteria species. This protein and its homologs were initially studied as classical transcriptional regulators mostly involved in repression of target genes by binding their promoters. Very recent studies have led to the classification of MucR as a new type of Histone-like Nucleoid Structuring (H-NS) protein. Thus this review is an effort to put together a complete and unifying story demonstrating how genetic and biochemical findings on MucR suggested that this protein is not a classical transcriptional regulator, but functions as a novel type of H-NS-like protein, which binds AT-rich regions of genomic DNA and regulates gene expression.},
}
@article {pmid38625265,
year = {2022},
author = {Yeganeh, E and Vatankhah, E and Toghranegar, Z and Amanifar, S},
title = {Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Alters Metal Uptake and the Physio-biochemical Responses of Glycyrrhiza glabra in a Lead Contaminated Soil.},
journal = {Gesunde Pflanzen},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-17},
pmid = {38625265},
issn = {1439-0345},
abstract = {Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi can affect the host's ability to cope with several environmental stresses, such as heavy metal stress. Therefore, an experiment was conducted to assess the effect of the Funneliformis mosseae inoculation on growth and physio-biochemical parameters and lead (Pb) accumulation in liquorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra L.) under Pb stress. A factorial experiment was performed with the combination of two factors, fungi (inoculated and non-inoculated (NM)) and soil Pb levels (0, 150, 300, and 450 mg kg[-1] soil) with four replicates. In the presence of Pb, symbiosis with F. mosseae exert positive effect on growth parameters, which was more significant in shoots than roots. Mycorrhization improved fresh and dry weights and length in shoot by 147, 112.5 and 83%, respectively, compared to NM plants at Pb150 level. Moreover, F. mosseae significantly increased tolerance index and the concentrations of soluble sugars and flavonoids in shoots and proline, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, zinc and manganese in shoots and roots but decreased their malondialdehyde concentrations under Pb stress. The Pb concentrations, transfer and bioaccumulation factors of mycorrhizal plants were less than non-mycorrhizal ones. A positive correlation was also observed between glomalin secretion and colonization rate in Pb treated soils. These results indicate the importance of mycorrhizal colonization in alleviating the Pb-induced stress in liquorice, mainly through improving the nutrition, modifying reactive oxygen species detoxifying metabolites and reducing the translocation of Pb to shoots. Observations revealed that mycorrhization of liquorice would be an efficient strategy to use in the phytoremediation practices of Pb-contaminated soils.},
}
@article {pmid38618721,
year = {2024},
author = {Zeng, T and Fu, Q and Luo, F and Dai, J and Fu, R and Qi, Y and Deng, X and Lu, Y and Xu, Y},
title = {Lactic acid bacteria modulate the CncC pathway to enhance resistance to β-cypermethrin in the oriental fruit fly.},
journal = {The ISME journal},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/ismejo/wrae058},
pmid = {38618721},
issn = {1751-7370},
abstract = {The gut microbiota of insects has been shown to regulate host detoxification enzymes. However, the potential regulatory mechanisms involved remain unknown. Here, we report that gut bacteria increase insecticide resistance by activating the cap "n" collar isoform-C (CncC) pathway through enzymatically generated reactive oxygen species (ROS) in Bactrocera dorsalis. We demonstrated that Enterococcus casseliflavus and Lactococcus lactis, two lactic acid (LA)-producing bacteria, increase the resistance of B. dorsalis to β-cypermethrin by regulating cytochrome P450 (P450) enzymes and α-glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities. These gut symbionts also induced the expression of CncC and muscle aponeurosis fibromatosis (Maf). BdCncC knockdown led to a decrease in resistance caused by gut bacteria. Ingestion of the ROS scavenger vitamin C (VC) in resistant strain (RS) affected the expression of BdCncC/BdKeap1/BdMafK, resulting in reduced P450 and GST activity. Furthermore, feeding with E. casseliflavus or L. lactis showed that BdNOX5 increased ROS production, and BdNOX5 knockdown affected the expression of the BdCncC/BdMafK pathway and detoxification genes. Moreover, LA feeding activated the ROS-associated regulation of P450 and GST activity. Collectively, our findings indicate that symbiotic gut bacteria modulate intestinal detoxification pathways by affecting physiological biochemistry, thus providing new insights into the involvement of insect gut microbes in the development of insecticide resistance.},
}
@article {pmid38618132,
year = {2024},
author = {Tsai, FT and Yang, CC and Lin, YC and Hsu, ML and Hong, G and Yang, MC and Wang, DH and Huang, LJ and Lin, CT and Hsu, WE and Tu, HF},
title = {Temporal stability of tongue microbiota in older patients - A pilot study.},
journal = {Journal of dental sciences},
volume = {19},
number = {2},
pages = {1087-1095},
pmid = {38618132},
issn = {2213-8862},
abstract = {BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: Healthy states of human microbiota depend on a stable community of symbiotic microbes irrespective of external challenges from the environment. Thus, long-term stability of the oral microbiota is of importance, particularly for older patient populations.<br><br>MATERIALS AND METHODS: We used next-generation sequencing (NGS) to examine the tongue microbiota of 18 individuals receiving long-term care over a 10-month period.<br><br>RESULTS: Beta diversity analysis demonstrated temporal stability of the tongue microbiota, as microbial compositions from all time points were indistinguishable from each other (P&#xa0;=&#xa0;0.0887). However, significant individual variation in microbial composition (P&#xa0;=&#xa0;0.0001) was observed, underscoring the presence of a unique microbial profile for each patient.<br><br>CONCLUSION: The temporal dynamics of tongue microbiota exhibit long-term stability, providing diagnostic implications for oral diseases within older patient populations.},
}
@article {pmid38617611,
year = {2024},
author = {Machado, I and Gambino, D},
title = {Metallomics: An Essential Tool for the Study of Potential Antiparasitic Metallodrugs.},
journal = {ACS omega},
volume = {9},
number = {14},
pages = {15744-15752},
pmid = {38617611},
issn = {2470-1343},
abstract = {Metallomics is an emerging area of omics approaches that has grown enormously in the past few years. It integrates research related to metals in biological systems, in symbiosis with genomics and proteomics. These omics approaches can provide in-depth insights into the mechanisms of action of potential metallodrugs, including their physiological metabolism and their molecular targets. Herein, we review the most significant advances concerning cellular uptake and subcellular distribution assays of different potential metallodrugs with activity against Trypanosma cruzi, the protozoan parasite that causes Chagas disease, a pressing health problem in high-poverty areas of Latin America. Furthermore, the first multiomics approaches including metallomics, proteomics, and transcriptomics for the comprehensive study of potential metallodrugs with anti-Trypanosoma cruzi activity are described.},
}
@article {pmid38617242,
year = {2024},
author = {Mallikaarachchi, KS and Huang, JL and Madras, S and Cuellar, RA and Huang, Z and Gega, A and Rathnayaka-Mudiyanselage, IW and Al-Husini, N and Saldaña-Rivera, N and Ma, LH and Ng, E and Chen, JC and Schrader, JM},
title = {Sinorhizobium meliloti BR-bodies promote fitness during host colonization.},
journal = {bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1101/2024.04.05.588320},
pmid = {38617242},
abstract = {UNLABELLED: Biomolecular condensates, such as the nucleoli or P-bodies, are non-membrane-bound assemblies of proteins and nucleic acids that facilitate specific cellular processes. Like eukaryotic P-bodies, the recently discovered bacterial ribonucleoprotein bodies (BR-bodies) organize the mRNA decay machinery, yet the similarities in molecular and cellular functions across species have been poorly explored. Here, we examine the functions of BR-bodies in the nitrogen-fixing endosymbiont Sinorhizobium meliloti , which colonizes the roots of compatible legume plants. Assembly of BR-bodies into visible foci in S. meliloti cells requires the C-terminal intrinsically disordered region (IDR) of RNase E, and foci fusion is readily observed in vivo , suggesting they are liquid-like condensates that form via mRNA sequestration. Using Rif-seq to measure mRNA lifetimes, we found a global slowdown in mRNA decay in a mutant deficient in BR-bodies, indicating that compartmentalization of the degradation machinery promotes efficient mRNA turnover. While BR-bodies are constitutively present during exponential growth, the abundance of BR-bodies increases upon cell stress, whereby they promote stress resistance. Finally, using Medicago truncatula as host, we show that BR-bodies enhance competitiveness during colonization and appear to be required for effective symbiosis, as mutants without BR-bodies failed to stimulate plant growth. These results suggest that BR-bodies provide a fitness advantage for bacteria during infection, perhaps by enabling better resistance against the host immune response.<br><br>SIGNIFICANCE: While eukaryotes often organize their biochemical pathways in membrane-bound organelles, bacteria generally lack such subcellular structures. Instead, membraneless compartments called biomolecular condensates have recently been found in bacteria to enhance biochemical activities. Bacterial ribonucleoprotein bodies (BR-bodies), as one of the most widespread biomolecular condensates identified to date, assemble the mRNA decay machinery via the intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) of proteins. However, the implications of such assemblies are unclear. Using a plant-associated symbiont, we show that the IDR of its mRNA degradation protein is necessary for condensate formation. Absence of BR-bodies results in slower mRNA decay and ineffective symbiosis, suggesting that BR-bodies play critical roles in regulating biochemical pathways and promoting fitness during host colonization.},
}
@article {pmid38616528,
year = {2024},
author = {Zhang, W and Gundel, PE and Jáuregui, R and Card, SD and Mace, WJ and Johnson, RD and Bastías, DA},
title = {The growth promotion in endophyte symbiotic plants does not penalise the resistance to herbivores and bacterial microbiota.},
journal = {Plant, cell &amp; environment},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/pce.14912},
pmid = {38616528},
issn = {1365-3040},
support = {//Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment/ ; //Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Cient&#xed;fico y Tecnol&#xf3;gico/ ; },
abstract = {A trade-off between growth and defence against biotic stresses is common in plants. Fungal endophytes of the genus Epichloë may relieve this trade-off in their host grasses since they can simultaneously induce plant growth and produce antiherbivore alkaloids that circumvent the need for host defence. The Epichloë ability to decouple the growth-defence trade-off was evaluated by subjecting ryegrass with and without Epichloë endophytes to an exogenous treatment with gibberellin (GA) followed by a challenge with Rhopalosiphum padi aphids. In agreement with the endophyte-mediated trade-off decoupling hypothesis, the GA-derived promotion of plant growth increased the susceptibility to aphids in endophyte-free plants but did not affect the insect resistance in endophyte-symbiotic plants. In line with the unaltered insect resistance, the GA treatment did not reduce the concentration of Epichloë-derived alkaloids. The Epichloë mycelial biomass was transiently increased by the GA treatment but at the expense of hyphal integrity. The response of the phyllosphere bacterial microbiota to both GA treatment and Epichloë was also evaluated. Only Epichloë, and not the GA treatment, altered the composition of the phyllosphere microbiota and the abundance of certain bacterial taxa. Our findings clearly demonstrate that Epichloë does indeed relieve the plant growth-defence trade-off.},
}
@article {pmid38615116,
year = {2024},
author = {Li, Y and Wang, J and Sun, T and Yu, X and Yang, Z and Zhao, Y and Tang, X and Xiao, H},
title = {Community structure of endophytic bacteria of Sargassum thubergii in the intertidal zone of Qingdao in China.},
journal = {AMB Express},
volume = {14},
number = {1},
pages = {35},
pmid = {38615116},
issn = {2191-0855},
support = {42176154//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; U1806213//National Natural Science Foundation of China-Shandong Joint Fund for Marine Science Research Centers/ ; 2019YFD0901204//Key Technologies Research and Development Program/ ; },
abstract = {Endophytic bacteria are one of the symbiotic microbial groups closely related to host algae. However, less research on the endophytic bacteria of marine algae. In this study, the endophytic bacterial community of Sargassum thunbergii was investigated using the culture method and high-throughput sequencing. Thirty-nine endophytic bacterial strains, belonging to two phyla, five genera and sixteen species, were isolated, and Firmicutes, Bacillus and Metabacillus indicus were the dominant taxa at the phylum, genus and species level, respectively. High-throughput sequencing revealed 39 phyla and 574 genera of endophytic bacteria, and the dominant phylum was Proteobacteria, while the dominant genus was Ralstonia. The results also indicated that the endophytic bacteria of S. thunbergii included various groups with nitrogen fixation, salt tolerance, pollutant degradation, and antibacterial properties but also contained some pathogenic bacteria. Additionally, the endophytic bacterial community shared a large number of groups with the epiphytic bacteria and bacteria in the surrounding seawater, but the three groups of samples could be clustered separately. In conclusion, there are a variety of functional endophytic bacteria living in S. thunbergii, and the internal condition of algae is a selective factor for the formation of endophytic bacterial communities. This study enriched the database of endophytic bacteria in marine macroalgae, paving the way for further understanding of the interrelationships between endophytic bacteria, macroalgae, and the environment.},
}
@article {pmid38615114,
year = {2024},
author = {Liu, C and Li, X},
title = {Identification of hub genes and establishment of a diagnostic model in tuberculosis infection.},
journal = {AMB Express},
volume = {14},
number = {1},
pages = {36},
pmid = {38615114},
issn = {2191-0855},
abstract = {Tuberculosis (TB) poses significant challenges due to its high transmissibility within populations and intrinsic resistance to treatment, rendering it a formidable respiratory disease with a substantial susceptibility burden. This study was designed to identify new potential therapeutic targets for TB and establish a diagnostic model. mRNA expression data for TB were from GEO database, followed by conducting differential expression analysis. The top 50 genes with differential expression were subjected to GO and KEGG enrichment analyses. To establish a PPI network, the STRING database was utilized, and hub genes were identified utilizing five algorithms (EPC, MCC, MNC, Radiality, and Stress) within the cytoHubba plugin of Cytoscape software. Furthermore, a hub gene co-expression network was constructed using the GeneMANIA database. Consistency clustering was performed on hub genes, and ssGSEA was utilized to analyze the extent of immune infiltration in different subgroups. LASSO analysis was employed to construct a diagnostic model, and ROC curves were used for validation. Through the analysis of GEO data, a total of 159 genes were identified as differentially expressed. Further, GO and KEGG enrichment analyses revealed that these genes were mainly enriched in viral defense, symbiotic defense, and innate immune response-related pathways. Hub genes, including DDX58, IFIT2, IFIH1, RSAD2, IFI44L, OAS2, OAS1, OASL, IFIT1, IFIT3, MX1, STAT1, and ISG15, were identified using cytoHubba analysis of the PPI network. The GeneMANIA analysis unmasked that the co-expression rate of hub genes was 81.55%, and the physical interaction rate was 12.27%. Consistency clustering divided TB patients into two subgroups, and ssGSEA revealed different degrees of immune infiltration in different subgroups. LASSO analysis identified IFIT1, IFIT2, IFIT3, IFIH1, RSAD2, OAS1, OAS2, and STAT1 as eight immune-related key genes, and a diagnostic model was constructed. The ROC curve demonstrated that the model exhibited excellent diagnostic performance. DDX58, IFIT2, IFIH1, RSAD2, IFI44L, OAS2, OAS1, OASL, IFIT1, IFIT3, MX1, STAT1, and ISG15 were hub genes in TB, and the diagnostic model based on eight immune-related key genes exhibited good diagnostic performance.},
}
@article {pmid38530785,
year = {2024},
author = {Fricke, LC and Lindsey, ARI},
title = {Identification of Parthenogenesis-Inducing Effector Proteins in Wolbachia.},
journal = {Genome biology and evolution},
volume = {16},
number = {4},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/gbe/evae036},
pmid = {38530785},
issn = {1759-6653},
support = {/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/United States ; R35GM150991/NH/NIH HHS/United States ; },
abstract = {Bacteria in the genus Wolbachia have evolved numerous strategies to manipulate arthropod sex, including the conversion of would-be male offspring to asexually reproducing females. This so-called "parthenogenesis induction" phenotype can be found in a number of Wolbachia strains that infect arthropods with haplodiploid sex determination systems, including parasitoid wasps. Despite the discovery of microbe-mediated parthenogenesis more than 30 yr ago, the underlying genetic mechanisms have remained elusive. We used a suite of genomic, computational, and molecular tools to identify and characterize two proteins that are uniquely found in parthenogenesis-inducing Wolbachia and have strong signatures of host-associated bacterial effector proteins. These putative parthenogenesis-inducing proteins have structural homology to eukaryotic protein domains including nucleoporins, the key insect sex determining factor Transformer, and a eukaryotic-like serine-threonine kinase with leucine-rich repeats. Furthermore, these proteins significantly impact eukaryotic cell biology in the model Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We suggest that these proteins are parthenogenesis-inducing factors and our results indicate that this would be made possible by a novel mechanism of bacterial-host interaction.},
}
@article {pmid38614328,
year = {2024},
author = {Li, Q and Xu, Y and Chen, S and Liang, C and Guo, W and Ngo, HH and Peng, L},
title = {Inorganic carbon limitation decreases ammonium removal and N2O production in the algae-nitrifying bacteria symbiosis system.},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {172440},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172440},
pmid = {38614328},
issn = {1879-1026},
abstract = {Ammonium removal by a symbiosis system of algae (Chlorella vulgaris) and nitrifying bacteria was evaluated in a long-term photo-sequencing batch reactor under varying influent inorganic carbon (IC) concentrations (15, 10, 5 and 2.5 mmol L[-1]) and different nitrogen loading rate (NLR) conditions (270 and 540 mg-N L[-1] d[-1]). The IC/N ratios provided were 2.33, 1.56, 0.78 and 0.39, respectively, for an influent NH+ 4-N concentration of 90 mg-N L[-1] (6.43 mmol L[-1]). The results confirmed that both ammonium removal and N2O production were positively related with IC concentration. Satisfactory ammonium removal efficiencies (>98 %) and rates (29-34 mg-N gVSS[-1] h[-1]) were achieved regardless of NLR levels under sufficient IC of 10 and 15 mmol L[-1], while insufficient IC at 2.5 mmol L[-1] led to the lowest ammonium removal rates of 0 mg-N gVSS[-1] h[-1]. The ammonia oxidation process by ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) played a predominant role over the algae assimilation process in ammonium removal. Long-time IC deficiency also resulted in the decrease in biomass and pigments of algae and nitrifying bacteria. IC limitation led to the decreasing N2O production, probably due to its negative effect on ammonia oxidation by AOB. The optimal IC concentration was determined to be 10 mmol L[-1] (i.e., IC/N of 1.56, alkalinity of 500 mg CaCO3 L[-1]) in the algae-bacteria symbiosis reactor, corresponding to higher ammonia oxidation rate of ~41 mg-N gVSS[-1] h[-1] and lower N2O emission factor of 0.13 %. This suggests regulating IC concentrations to achieve high ammonium removal and low carbon emission simultaneously in the algae-bacteria symbiosis wastewater treatment process.},
}
@article {pmid38613099,
year = {2024},
author = {Pereira, QC and Fortunato, IM and Oliveira, FS and Alvarez, MC and Santos, TWD and Ribeiro, ML},
title = {Polyphenolic Compounds: Orchestrating Intestinal Microbiota Harmony during Aging.},
journal = {Nutrients},
volume = {16},
number = {7},
pages = {},
pmid = {38613099},
issn = {2072-6643},
support = {305402/2019-6//National Council for Scientific and Technological Development/ ; },
mesh = {Aged ; Humans ; Dysbiosis ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; Aging ; *Cardiovascular Diseases ; Communication ; },
abstract = {In the aging process, physiological decline occurs, posing a substantial threat to the physical and mental well-being of the elderly and contributing to the onset of age-related diseases. While traditional perspectives considered the maintenance of life as influenced by a myriad of factors, including environmental, genetic, epigenetic, and lifestyle elements such as exercise and diet, the pivotal role of symbiotic microorganisms had been understated. Presently, it is acknowledged that the intestinal microbiota plays a profound role in overall health by signaling to both the central and peripheral nervous systems, as well as other distant organs. Disruption in this bidirectional communication between bacteria and the host results in dysbiosis, fostering the development of various diseases, including neurological disorders, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. This review aims to delve into the intricate biological mechanisms underpinning dysbiosis associated with aging and the clinical ramifications of such dysregulation. Furthermore, we aspire to explore bioactive compounds endowed with functional properties capable of modulating and restoring balance in this aging-related dysbiotic process through epigenetics alterations.},
}
@article {pmid38613071,
year = {2024},
author = {Sochacka, K and Kotowska, A and Lachowicz-Wiśniewska, S},
title = {The Role of Gut Microbiota, Nutrition, and Physical Activity in Depression and Obesity-Interdependent Mechanisms/Co-Occurrence.},
journal = {Nutrients},
volume = {16},
number = {7},
pages = {},
pmid = {38613071},
issn = {2072-6643},
mesh = {Humans ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; Depression/therapy ; Nutritional Status ; Exercise ; Obesity/therapy ; Prebiotics ; },
abstract = {Obesity and depression are interdependent pathological disorders with strong inflammatory effects commonly found worldwide. They determine the health status of the population and cause key problems in terms of morbidity and mortality. The role of gut microbiota and its composition in the treatment of obesity and psychological factors is increasingly emphasized. Published research suggests that prebiotic, probiotic, or symbiotic preparations can effectively intervene in obesity treatment and mood-dysregulation alleviation. Thus, this literature review aims to highlight the role of intestinal microbiota in treating depression and obesity. An additional purpose is to indicate probiotics, including psychobiotics and prebiotics, potentially beneficial in supporting the treatment of these two diseases.},
}
@article {pmid38612461,
year = {2024},
author = {Sun, X and Zhang, H and Yang, Z and Xing, X and Fu, Z and Li, X and Kong, Y and Li, W and Du, H and Zhang, C},
title = {Overexpression of GmPAP4 Enhances Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation and Seed Yield in Soybean under Phosphorus-Deficient Condition.},
journal = {International journal of molecular sciences},
volume = {25},
number = {7},
pages = {},
pmid = {38612461},
issn = {1422-0067},
support = {C2022204144//the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province/ ; 23567601H//S&amp;T Program of Hebei/ ; 17927670H//the Project of Hebei province Science and Technology Support Program/ ; },
mesh = {*Glycine max/genetics ; *Nitrogen Fixation/genetics ; Symbiosis/genetics ; Seeds/genetics ; Phosphorus ; Nitrogen ; },
abstract = {Legume crops establish symbiosis with nitrogen-fixing rhizobia for biological nitrogen fixation (BNF), a process that provides a prominent natural nitrogen source in agroecosystems; and efficient nodulation and nitrogen fixation processes require a large amount of phosphorus (P). Here, a role of GmPAP4, a nodule-localized purple acid phosphatase, in BNF and seed yield was functionally characterized in whole transgenic soybean (Glycine max) plants under a P-limited condition. GmPAP4 was specifically expressed in the infection zones of soybean nodules and its expression was greatly induced in low P stress. Altered expression of GmPAP4 significantly affected soybean nodulation, BNF, and yield under the P-deficient condition. Nodule number, nodule fresh weight, nodule nitrogenase, APase activities, and nodule total P content were significantly increased in GmPAP4 overexpression (OE) lines. Structural characteristics revealed by toluidine blue staining showed that overexpression of GmPAP4 resulted in a larger infection area than wild-type (WT) control. Moreover, the plant biomass and N and P content of shoot and root in GmPAP4 OE lines were also greatly improved, resulting in increased soybean yield in the P-deficient condition. Taken together, our results demonstrated that GmPAP4, a purple acid phosphatase, increased P utilization efficiency in nodules under a P-deficient condition and, subsequently, enhanced symbiotic BNF and seed yield of soybean.},
}
@article {pmid38611478,
year = {2024},
author = {Pasaribu, B and Purba, NP and Dewanti, LP and Pasaribu, D and Khan, AMA and Harahap, SA and Syamsuddin, ML and Ihsan, YN and Siregar, SH and Faizal, I and Herawati, T and Irfan, M and Simorangkir, TPH and Kurniawan, TA},
title = {Lipid Droplets in Endosymbiotic Symbiodiniaceae spp. Associated with Corals.},
journal = {Plants (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {13},
number = {7},
pages = {},
pmid = {38611478},
issn = {2223-7747},
support = {1549/UN6.3.1/PT.00/2023//Padjadjaran University/ ; },
abstract = {Symbiodiniaceae species is a dinoflagellate that plays a crucial role in maintaining the symbiotic mutualism of reef-building corals in the ocean. Reef-building corals, as hosts, provide the nutrition and habitat to endosymbiotic Symbiodiniaceae species and Symbiodiniaceae species transfer the fixed carbon to the corals for growth. Environmental stress is one of the factors impacting the physiology and metabolism of the corals-dinoflagellate association. The environmental stress triggers the metabolic changes in Symbiodiniaceae species resulting in an increase in the production of survival organelles related to storage components such as lipid droplets (LD). LDs are found as unique organelles, mainly composed of triacylglycerols surrounded by phospholipids embedded with some proteins. To date, it has been reported that investigation of lipid droplets significantly present in animals and plants led to the understanding that lipid droplets play a key role in lipid storage and transport. The major challenge of investigating endosymbiotic Symbiodiniaceae species lies in overcoming the strategies in isolating lesser lipid droplets present in its intercellular cells. Here, we review the most recent highlights of LD research in endosymbiotic Symbiodiniaceae species particularly focusing on LD biogenesis, mechanism, and major lipid droplet proteins. Moreover, to comprehend potential novel ways of energy storage in the symbiotic interaction between endosymbiotic Symbiodiniaceae species and its host, we also emphasize recent emerging environmental factors such as temperature, ocean acidification, and nutrient impacting the accumulation of lipid droplets in endosymbiotic Symbiodiniaceae species.},
}
@article {pmid38608902,
year = {2024},
author = {Huang, L and Fu, Y and Liu, Y and Chen, Y and Wang, T and Wang, M and Lin, X and Feng, Y},
title = {Global insights into endophytic bacterial communities of terrestrial plants: Exploring the potential applications of endophytic microbiota in sustainable agriculture.},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
volume = {927},
number = {},
pages = {172231},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172231},
pmid = {38608902},
issn = {1879-1026},
abstract = {Endophytic microorganisms are indispensable symbionts during plant growth and development and often serve functions such as growth promotion and stress resistance in plants. Therefore, an increasing number of researchers have applied endophytes for multifaceted phytoremediation (e.g., organic pollutants and heavy metals) in recent years. With the availability of next-generation sequencing technologies, an increasing number of studies have shifted the focus from culturable bacteria to total communities. However, information on the composition, structure, and function of bacterial endophytic communities is still not widely synthesized. To explore the general patterns of variation in bacterial communities between plant niches, we reanalyzed data from 1499 samples in 30 individual studies from different continents and provided comprehensive insights. A group of bacterial genera were commonly found in most plant roots and shoots. Our analysis revealed distinct variations in the diversity, composition, structure, and function of endophytic bacterial communities between plant roots and shoots. These variations underscore the sophisticated mechanisms by which plants engage with their endophytic microbiota, optimizing these interactions to bolster growth, health, and resilience against stress. Highlighting the strategic role of endophytic bacteria in promoting sustainable agricultural practices and environmental stewardship, our study not only offers global insights into the endophytic bacterial communities of terrestrial plants but also underscores the untapped potential of these communities as invaluable resources for future research.},
}
@article {pmid38608889,
year = {2024},
author = {Chu, WC and Gao, YY and Wu, YX and Liu, FF},
title = {Biofilm of petroleum-based and bio-based microplastics in seawater in response to Zn(II): Biofilm formation, community structure, and microbial function.},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {172397},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172397},
pmid = {38608889},
issn = {1879-1026},
abstract = {Microplastic biofilms are novel vectors for the transport and spread of pathogenic and drug-resistant bacteria. With the increasing use of bio-based plastics, there is an urgent need to investigate the microbial colonization characteristics of these materials in seawater, particularly in comparison with conventional petroleum-based plastics. Furthermore, the effect of co-occurring contaminants, such as heavy metals, on the formation of microplastic biofilms and bacterial communities remains unclear. In this study, we compared the biofilm bacterial community structure of petroleum-based polyethylene (PE) and bio-based polylactic acid (PLA) in seawater under the influence of zinc ions (Zn[2+]). Our findings indicate that the biofilm on PLA microplastics in the late stage was impeded by the formation of a mildly acidic microenvironment resulting from the hydrolysis of the ester group on PLA. The PE surface had higher bacterial abundance and diversity, with a more intricate symbiotic pattern. The bacterial structures on the two types of microplastics were different; PE was more conducive to the colonization of anaerobic bacteria, whereas PLA was more favorable for the colonization of aerobic and acid-tolerant species. Furthermore, Zn increased the proportion of the dominant genera that could utilize microplastics as a carbon source, such as Alcanivorax and Nitratireductor. PLA had a greater propensity to harbor and disseminate pathogenic and drug-resistant bacteria, and Zn promoted the enrichment and spread of harmful bacteria such as, Pseudomonas and Clostridioides. Therefore, further research is essential to fully understand the potential environmental effects of bio-based microplastics and the role of heavy metals in the dynamics of bacterial colonization.},
}
@article {pmid38608504,
year = {2024},
author = {Fotovvat, M and Najafi, F and Khavari-Nejad, RA and Talei, D and Rejali, F},
title = {Investigating the simultaneous effect of chitosan and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on growth, phenolic compounds, PAL enzyme activity and lipid peroxidation in Salvia nemorosa L.},
journal = {Plant physiology and biochemistry : PPB},
volume = {210},
number = {},
pages = {108617},
doi = {10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108617},
pmid = {38608504},
issn = {1873-2690},
abstract = {Considering the importance of Salvia nemorosa L. in the pharmaceutical and food industries, and also beneficial approaches of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) symbiosis and the use of bioelicitors such as chitosan to improve secondary metabolites, the aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of chitosan on the symbiosis of AMF and the effect of both on the biochemical and phytochemical performance of this plant and finally introduced the best treatment. Two factors were considered for the factorial experiment: AMF with four levels (non-inoculated plants, Funneliformis mosseae, Rhizophagus intraradices and the combination of both), and chitosan with six levels (0, 50, 100, 200, 400 mg L[-1] and 1% acetic acid). Four months after treatments, the aerial part and root length, the levels of lipid peroxidation, H2O2, phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) activity, total phenol and flavonoid contents and the main secondary metabolites (rosmarinic acid and quercetin) in the leaves and roots were determined. The flowering stage was observed in R. intraradices treatments and the highest percentage of colonization (78.87%) was observed in the treatment of F. mosseae × 400 mg L[-1] chitosan. Furthermore, simultaneous application of chitosan and AMF were more effective than their separate application to induce phenolic compounds accumulation, PAL activity and reduce oxidative compounds. The cluster and principal component analysis based on the measured variables indicated that the treatments could be classified into three clusters. It seems that different treatments in different tissues have different effects. However, in an overview, it can be concluded that 400 mg L[-1] chitosan and F. mosseae × R. intraradices showed better results in single and simultaneous applications. The results of this research can be considered in the optimization of this medicinal plant under normal conditions and experiments related to abiotic stresses in the future.},
}
@article {pmid38520304,
year = {2024},
author = {Valente, EEL and Klotz, JL and Markmann, RC and Edwards, JL and Harmon, DL},
title = {5-hydroxytryphophan mitigates ergot alkaloid-induced suppression of serotonin and feed intake in cattle.},
journal = {Journal of animal science},
volume = {102},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/jas/skae083},
pmid = {38520304},
issn = {1525-3163},
abstract = {The impact of ergot toxicosis on livestock industries is detrimental and treatments are needed in many countries. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of acute exposure to ergot alkaloids and 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) supplementation on feed intake, serotonin metabolism, and blood metabolites in cattle. Eight Holstein steers (538 ± 18 kg) fitted with ruminal cannulas were used in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin Square design experiment with a 2 × 2 factorial treatment structure. The treatments were the combination of 0 (E-) or 15 µg ergovaline/kg BW (E+) and 0 (5HTP-) or 0.5 mg of 5-hydroxy-l-tryptophan/kg BW (5HTP+) administered daily for 6 d. Toxic endophyte-infected tall fescue seed was used to supply the daily dose of ergovaline. Endophyte-free seed was used to equalize seed intake between treatments. Ground seed was placed into the rumen immediately before feeding. The 5-HTP was dissolved in water and infused into the abomasum via the reticulo-omasal orifice. Blood was collected from a jugular vein catheter at 0, 1, 2, 4, 8, and 24 h after treatment administration. Ergovaline without 5-HTP (E+/5HTP-) decreased dry matter intake (DMI) in comparison to steers without ergovaline and 5-HTP (E-/5HTP-). However, 5-HTP infusion in association with ergovaline (E+/5HTP+) normalized the DMI. Although E + did not affect (P > 0.05) the area under the curve (AUC) of serum 5-HTP, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, tryptophan, and kynurenine, serum and plasma serotonin concentrations were decreased (P < 0.05). The infusion of 5-HTP increased (P < 0.05) the AUC of serum 5-HTP, serum and plasma serotonin, and serum 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid. In conclusion, acute exposure to ergot alkaloids reduced DMI and circulating serotonin in cattle but 5-HTP administration showed potential to normalize both circulating serotonin and feed intake.},
}
@article {pmid38607979,
year = {2024},
author = {Brockhurst, MA and Cameron, DD and Beckerman, AP},
title = {Fitness trade-offs and the origins of endosymbiosis.},
journal = {PLoS biology},
volume = {22},
number = {4},
pages = {e3002580},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pbio.3002580},
pmid = {38607979},
issn = {1545-7885},
abstract = {Endosymbiosis drives evolutionary innovation and underpins the function of diverse ecosystems. The mechanistic origins of symbioses, however, remain unclear, in part because early evolutionary events are obscured by subsequent evolution and genetic drift. This Essay highlights how experimental studies of facultative, host-switched, and synthetic symbioses are revealing the important role of fitness trade-offs between within-host and free-living niches during the early-stage evolution of new symbiotic associations. The mutational targets underpinning such trade-offs are commonly regulatory genes, such that single mutations have major phenotypic effects on multiple traits, thus enabling and reinforcing the transition to a symbiotic lifestyle.},
}
@article {pmid38606974,
year = {2024},
author = {Cardoso, PM and Hill, LJ and Villela, HDM and Vilela, CLS and Assis, JM and Rosado, PM and Rosado, JG and Chacon, MA and Majzoub, ME and Duarte, GAS and Thomas, T and Peixoto, RS},
title = {Localization and symbiotic status of probiotics in the coral holobiont.},
journal = {mSystems},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e0026124},
doi = {10.1128/msystems.00261-24},
pmid = {38606974},
issn = {2379-5077},
abstract = {UNLABELLED: Corals establish symbiotic relationships with microorganisms, especially endosymbiotic photosynthetic algae. Although other microbes have been commonly detected in coral tissues, their identity and beneficial functions for their host are unclear. Here, we confirm the beneficial outcomes of the inoculation of bacteria selected as probiotics and use fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) to define their localization in the coral Pocillopora damicornis. Our results show the first evidence of the inherent presence of Halomonas sp. and Cobetia sp. in native coral tissues, even before their inoculation. Furthermore, the relative enrichment of these coral tissue-associated bacteria through their inoculation in corals correlates with health improvements, such as increases in photosynthetic potential, and productivity. Our study suggests the symbiotic status of Halomonas sp. and Cobetia sp. in corals by indicating their localization within coral gastrodermis and epidermis and correlating their increased relative abundance through active inoculation with beneficial outcomes for the holobiont. This knowledge is crucial to facilitate the screening and application of probiotics that may not be transient members of the coral microbiome.<br><br>IMPORTANCE: Despite the promising results indicating the beneficial outcomes associated with the application of probiotics in corals and some scarce knowledge regarding the identity of bacterial cells found within the coral tissue, the correlation between these two aspects is still missing. This gap limits our understanding of the actual diversity of coral-associated bacteria and whether these symbionts are beneficial. Some researchers, for example, have been suggesting that probiotic screening should only focus on the very few known tissue-associated bacteria, such as Endozoicomonas sp., assuming that the currently tested probiotics are not tissue-associated. Here, we provide specific FISH probes for Halomonas sp. and Cobetia sp., expand our knowledge of the identity of coral-associated bacteria and confirm the probiotic status of the tested probiotics. The presence of these beneficial microorganisms for corals (BMCs) inside host tissues and gastric cavities also supports the notion that direct interactions with the host may underpin their probiotic role. This is a new breakthrough; these results argue against the possibility that the positive effects of BMCs are due to factors that are not related to a direct symbiotic interaction, for example, that the host simply feeds on inoculated bacteria or that the bacteria change the water quality.},
}
@article {pmid38606713,
year = {2024},
author = {Lin, Z},
title = {Progress and challenges in the symbiosis of AI with science and medicine.},
journal = {European journal of clinical investigation},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e14222},
doi = {10.1111/eci.14222},
pmid = {38606713},
issn = {1365-2362},
support = {32071045//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; Projects 2021ZD0204200//National Key R&amp;D Program of China STI2030 Major/ ; JCYJ20210324134603010//Shenzhen Fundamental Research Program/ ; },
}
@article {pmid38606343,
year = {2024},
author = {Su, C and Xie, T and Jiang, L and Wang, Y and Wang, Y and Nie, R and Zhao, Y and He, B and Ma, J and Yang, Q and Hao, J},
title = {Host genetics and larval host plant modulate microbiome structure and evolution underlying the intimate insect-microbe-plant interactions in Parnassius species on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.},
journal = {Ecology and evolution},
volume = {14},
number = {4},
pages = {e11218},
pmid = {38606343},
issn = {2045-7758},
abstract = {Insects harbor a remarkable diversity of gut microbiomes critical for host survival, health, and fitness, but the mechanism of this structured symbiotic community remains poorly known, especially for the insect group consisting of many closely related species that inhabit the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Here, we firstly analyzed population-level 16S rRNA microbial dataset, comprising 11 Parnassius species covering 5 subgenera, from 14 populations mostly sampled in mountainous regions across northwestern-to-southeastern China, and meanwhile clarified the relative importance of multiple factors on gut microbial community structure and evolution. Our findings indicated that both host genetics and larval host plant modulated gut microbial diversity and community structure. Moreover, the effect analysis of host genetics and larval diet on gut microbiomes showed that host genetics played a critical role in governing the gut microbial beta diversity and the symbiotic community structure, while larval host plant remarkably influenced the functional evolution of gut microbiomes. These findings of the intimate insect-microbe-plant interactions jointly provide some new insights into the correlation among the host genetic background, larval host plant, the structure and evolution of gut microbiome, as well as the mechanisms of high-altitude adaptation in closely related species of this alpine butterfly group.},
}
@article {pmid38606339,
year = {2024},
author = {Jin, P and Wang, L and Chen, D and Chen, Y},
title = {Unveiling the complexity of early childhood caries: Candida albicans and Streptococcus mutans cooperative strategies in carbohydrate metabolism and virulence.},
journal = {Journal of oral microbiology},
volume = {16},
number = {1},
pages = {2339161},
pmid = {38606339},
issn = {2000-2297},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To explore the mechanisms underlying the virulence changes in early childhood caries (ECC) caused by Candida albicans (C. albicans) and Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans), with a focus on carbohydrate metabolism and environmental acidification.<br><br>METHODS: A review of literature was conducted to understand the symbiotic relationship between C. albicans and S. mutans, and their role in the pathogenesis of ECC. The review also examined how their interactions influence carbohydrate metabolism and environmental acidification in the oral cavity.<br><br>RESULTS: C. albicans and S. mutans play crucial roles in the onset and progression of ECC. C. albicans promotes the adhesion and accumulation of S. mutans, while S. mutans creates an environment favorable for the growth of C. albicans. Their interactions, especially through carbohydrate metabolism, strengthen their pathogenic potential. The review highlights the importance of understanding these mechanisms for the development of effective management and treatment protocols for ECC.<br><br>CONCLUSION: The symbiotic relationship between C. albicans and S. mutans, and their interactions through carbohydrate metabolism and environmental acidification, are key factors in the pathogenesis of ECC. A comprehensive understanding of these mechanisms is crucial for developing effective strategies to manage and treat ECC.},
}
@article {pmid38606226,
year = {2024},
author = {Sandeep, F and Kiran, N and Rahaman, Z and Devi, P and Bendari, A},
title = {Pathology in the Age of Artificial Intelligence (AI): Redefining Roles and Responsibilities for Tomorrow's Practitioners.},
journal = {Cureus},
volume = {16},
number = {3},
pages = {e56040},
pmid = {38606226},
issn = {2168-8184},
abstract = {The evolution of pathology from its rudimentary beginnings around 1700 BC to the present day has been marked by profound advancement in understanding and diagnosing diseases. This journey, from the earliest dissections to the modern era of histochemical analysis, sets the stage for the next transformative leap to the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in pathology. Recent research highlights AI's significant potential to revolutionize healthcare within the next decade, with a particular impact on diagnostic processes. A majority of pathologists foresee AI becoming a cornerstone in diagnostic workflow, driven by the advent of image-based algorithms and computational pathology. These innovations promise to enhance the precision of disease diagnosis, particularly in complex cases, such as cancers, by offering detailed insights into the molecular and cellular mechanisms. Moreover, AI-assisted tools are improving the efficiency and accuracy of histological analysis by automating the evaluation of immunohistochemical biomarkers and tissue architecture. This shift not only accelerates diagnostic processes but also facilitates early disease management, crucial for improving patient outcomes. Furthermore, AI is reshaping educational paradigms in pathology, offering interactive learning environments that promise to enrich the training of future pathologists. Despite these advancements, the integration of AI in pathology raises ethical considerations regarding patient consent and data privacy. As pathology embarks on this AI-augmented era, it is imperative to navigate these challenges thoughtfully, ensuring that AI enhances rather than replaces the pathologist's role. This editorial discussed the historical progression of pathology, the current impact of AI on diagnostic practices, and the ethical implications of its adoption, underscoring the need for a symbiotic relationship between pathologists and AI to unlock the full potential of healthcare.},
}
@article {pmid38605578,
year = {2024},
author = {Belahmadi, MSO and Abdessemed, A},
title = {Enhancement of benzo[a]pyrene mineralization: symbiotic biodegradation by Acinetobacter sp. strain HAP1 in Association with Cyanobacteriota sp. S66.},
journal = {Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B, Pesticides, food contaminants, and agricultural wastes},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-10},
doi = {10.1080/03601234.2024.2336554},
pmid = {38605578},
issn = {1532-4109},
abstract = {The ability of Acinetobacter sp. strain HAP1, isolated from petroleum refinery effluent, to eliminate different concentrations (20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 mg/L) of Benzo[a]Pyrene degradation (BaP) was studied. A test to improve this degradation capacity was carried out by culturing the bacterial strain in association with a cyanobacteria. The results show a highly significant effect of the concentration of (BaP) and a very highly significant effect of the symbiosis between the bacterial strain and the cyanobacteria. This combination was able to significantly improve the (BaP) degradation rate by up to 18%. This degradation and especially in association leads to a complete mineralization of (BaP) and there is a difference in yield that can go up to 15%. Through molecular identification based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strains HAP1 and S66 were recognized as Acinetobacter sp. strain HAP1 and Cyanobacteriota sp. S66, respectively. Comparison of the retrieved sequences with the NCBI GenBank database was done, and the closest matches were found to be Acinetobacter pittii strain JD-10 for bacteria and Pseudochroococcus couteii strain PMC 885.14 for cyanobacteria.},
}
@article {pmid38604562,
year = {2024},
author = {Song, G and Shin, D and Kim, JS},
title = {Microbiome changes in Akanthomyces attenuatus JEF-147-infected two-spotted spider mites.},
journal = {Journal of invertebrate pathology},
volume = {204},
number = {},
pages = {108102},
doi = {10.1016/j.jip.2024.108102},
pmid = {38604562},
issn = {1096-0805},
abstract = {The two-spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae Koch) is an agriculturally serious polyphagous pest that has acquired strong resistance against acaricides because of its short life cycle and continuous exposure to acaricides. As an alternative, mite-pathogenic fungi with different modes of action could be used to control the mites. The spider mite has symbiotic microorganisms that could be involved in the physiological and ecological adaptations to biotic stresses. In this study, mite-pathogenic fungi were used to control female adults, and the microbiomes changes in the fungus-infected mites were analyzed. The acaricidal activity of 77 fungal isolates was tested, and Akanthomyces attenuatus JEF-147 exhibited the highest acaricidal activity. Subsequently a dose-response assay and morphological characterization was undertaken For microbiome analysis in female adults infected with A. attenuatus JEF-147, 16S rDNA and ITS1 were sequenced using Illumina Miseq. Infected mite showed a higher Shannon index in bacterial diversity but lower index in fungal diversity. In beta diversity using principal component analysis, JEF-147-treated mites were significantly different from non-treated controls in both bacteria and fungi. Particularly in bacterial abundance, arthropod defense-related Rickettsia increased, but arthropod reproduction-associated Wolbachia decreased. The change in major bacterial abundance in the infected mites could be explained by a trade-off between reproduction and immunity against the early stage of fungal attack. In fungal abundance, Akanthomyces showed up as expected. Foremost, this work reports microbiome changes in a fungus-infected mite and suggests a possible trade-off in mites against fungal pathogens. Future studies will focus on gene-based investigations related to this topic.},
}
@article {pmid38604480,
year = {2024},
author = {Yin, L and Zhou, A and Wei, Y and Varrone, C and Li, D and Luo, J and He, Z and Liu, W and Yue, X},
title = {Deep insights into the roles and microbial ecological mechanisms behind waste activated sludge digestion triggered by persulfate oxidation activated through multiple modes.},
journal = {Environmental research},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {118905},
doi = {10.1016/j.envres.2024.118905},
pmid = {38604480},
issn = {1096-0953},
abstract = {Persulfate oxidation (PS) is widely employed as a promising alternative for waste activated sludge pretreatment due to the capability of generating free radicals. The product differences and microbiological mechanisms by which PS activation triggers WAS digestion through multiple modes need to be further investigated. This study comprehensively investigated the effects of persulfate oxidation activated through multiple modes, i.e., ferrous, zero-valent iron (ZVI), ultraviolet (UV) and heat, on the performance of sludge digestion. Results showed that PS_ZVI significantly accelerated the methane production rate to 12.02 mL/g VSS. By contrast, PS_Heat promoted the sludge acidification and gained the maximum short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) yield (277.11 ± 7.81 mg COD/g VSS), which was 3.41-fold compared to that in PS_ZVI. Moreover, ferrous and ZVI activated PS achieved the oriented conversion of acetate, the proportions of which took 73% and 78%, respectively. MiSeq sequencing results revealed that PS_Heat and PS_UV evidently enriched anaerobic fermentation bacteria (AFB) (i.e., Macellibacteroides and Clostridium XlVa). However, PS_Ferrous and PS_ZVI facilitated the enrichment of Woesearchaeota and methanogens. Furthermore, molecular ecological network and mantel test revealed the intrinsic interactions among the multiple functional microbes and environmental variables. The homo-acetogens and sulfate-reducing bacterial had potential cooperative and symbiotic relationships with AFB, while the nitrate-reducing bacteria displayed distinguishing ecological niches. Suitable activation modes for PS pretreatments resulted in an upregulation of genes expression responsible for digestion. This study established a scientific foundation for the application of sulfate radical-based oxidation on energy or high value-added chemicals recovery from waste residues.},
}
@article {pmid38604355,
year = {2024},
author = {Yin, Z and Liang, J and Zhang, M and Chen, B and Yu, Z and Tian, X and Deng, X and Peng, L},
title = {Pan-genome insights into adaptive evolution of bacterial symbionts in mixed host-microbe symbioses represented by human gut microbiota Bacteroides cellulosilyticus.},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {172251},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172251},
pmid = {38604355},
issn = {1879-1026},
abstract = {Animal hosts harbor diverse assemblages of microbial symbionts that play crucial roles in the host's lifestyle. The link between microbial symbiosis and host development remains poorly understood. In particular, little is known about the adaptive evolution of gut bacteria in host-microbe symbioses. Recently, symbiotic relationships have been categorized as open, closed, or mixed, reflecting their modes of inter-host transmission and resulting in distinct genomic features. Members of the genus Bacteroides are the most abundant human gut microbiota and possess both probiotic and pathogenic potential, providing an excellent model for studying pan-genome evolution in symbiotic systems. Here, we determined the complete genome of an novel clinical strain PL2022, which was isolated from a blood sample and performed pan-genome analyses on a representative set of Bacteroides cellulosilyticus strains to quantify the influence of the symbiotic relationship on the evolutionary dynamics. B. cellulosilyticus exhibited correlated genomic features with both open and closed symbioses, suggesting a mixed symbiosis. An open pan-genome is characterized by abundant accessory gene families, potential horizontal gene transfer (HGT), and diverse mobile genetic elements (MGEs), indicating an innovative gene pool, mainly associated with genomic islands and plasmids. However, massive parallel gene loss, weak purifying selection, and accumulation of positively selected mutations were the main drivers of genome reduction in B. cellulosilyticus. Metagenomic read recruitment analyses showed that B. cellulosilyticus members are globally distributed and active in human gut habitats, in line with predominant vertical transmission in the human gut. However, existence and/or high abundance were also detected in non-intestinal tissues, other animal hosts, and non-host environments, indicating occasional horizontal transmission to new niches, thereby creating arenas for the acquisition of novel genes. This case study of adaptive evolution under a mixed host-microbe symbiosis advances our understanding of symbiotic pan-genome evolution. Our results highlight the complexity of genetic evolution in this unusual intestinal symbiont.},
}
@article {pmid38604305,
year = {2024},
author = {Tang, CC and Hu, YR and Zhang, M and Chen, SL and He, ZW and Li, ZH and Tian, Y and Wang, XC},
title = {Role of phosphate in microalgal-bacterial symbiosis system treating wastewater containing heavy metals.},
journal = {Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {123951},
doi = {10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123951},
pmid = {38604305},
issn = {1873-6424},
abstract = {Phosphorus is one of the important factors to successfully establish the microalgal-bacterial symbiosis (MABS) system. The migration and transformation of phosphorus can occur in various ways, and the effects of phosphate on the MABS system facing environmental impacts like heavy metal stress are often ignored. This study investigated the roles of phosphate on the response of the MABS system to Zn[2+]. The results showed that the pollutant removal effect in the MABS system was significantly reduced, and microbial growth and activity were inhibited with the presence of zinc ion (Zn[2+]). When phosphate and Zn[2+] coexisted, the inhibition effects of pollutants removal and microbial growth rate were mitigated compared to that of only with the presence of Zn[2+], with the increasing rates of 28.3% for total nitrogen removal, 37% for chemical oxygen demand removal, 78.3% for chlorophyll a concentration, and 13.3% for volatile suspended solids concentration. When phosphate was subsequently supplemented in the MABS system after adding Zn[2+], both pollutants removal efficiency and microbial growth and activity were not recovered. Thus, the inhibition effect of Zn[2+] on the MABS system was irreversible. Further analysis showed that Zn[2+] preferentially combined with phosphate could form chemical precipitate, which reduced the fixation of MABS system for Zn[2+] through extracellular adsorption and intracellular uptake. Under Zn[2+] stress, the succession of microbial communities occurred, and Parachlorella was more tolerant to Zn[2+]. This study revealed the comprehensive response mechanism of the co-effects of phosphate and Zn[2+] on the MABS system, and provided some insights for the MABS system treating wastewater containing heavy metals, as well as migration and transformation of heavy metals in aquatic ecosystems.},
}
@article {pmid38603520,
year = {2024},
author = {Dingemanse, NJ and Guse, A},
title = {Linking cell biology and ecology to understand coral symbiosis evolution.},
journal = {PLoS biology},
volume = {22},
number = {4},
pages = {e3002593},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pbio.3002593},
pmid = {38603520},
issn = {1545-7885},
abstract = {Understanding the evolution of coral endosymbiosis requires a predictive framework that integrates life-history theory and ecology with cell biology. The time has come to bridge disciplines and use a model systems approach to achieve this aim.},
}
@article {pmid38603509,
year = {2024},
author = {Coale, TH and Loconte, V and Turk-Kubo, KA and Vanslembrouck, B and Mak, WKE and Cheung, S and Ekman, A and Chen, JH and Hagino, K and Takano, Y and Nishimura, T and Adachi, M and Le Gros, M and Larabell, C and Zehr, JP},
title = {Nitrogen-fixing organelle in a marine alga.},
journal = {Science (New York, N.Y.)},
volume = {384},
number = {6692},
pages = {217-222},
doi = {10.1126/science.adk1075},
pmid = {38603509},
issn = {1095-9203},
abstract = {Symbiotic interactions were key to the evolution of chloroplast and mitochondria organelles, which mediate carbon and energy metabolism in eukaryotes. Biological nitrogen fixation, the reduction of abundant atmospheric nitrogen gas (N2) to biologically available ammonia, is a key metabolic process performed exclusively by prokaryotes. Candidatus Atelocyanobacterium thalassa, or UCYN-A, is a metabolically streamlined N2-fixing cyanobacterium previously reported to be an endosymbiont of a marine unicellular alga. Here we show that UCYN-A has been tightly integrated into algal cell architecture and organellar division and that it imports proteins encoded by the algal genome. These are characteristics of organelles and show that UCYN-A has evolved beyond endosymbiosis and functions as an early evolutionary stage N2-fixing organelle, or "nitroplast."},
}
@article {pmid38602881,
year = {2024},
author = {Han, Q and Shi, X and Kang, K and Cao, Y and Cong, L and Wang, J},
title = {Silver Nanoparticles In Situ Enhanced Electrochemiluminescence of the Porphyrin Organic Matrix for Highly Sensitive and Rapid Monitoring of Tetracycline Residues.},
journal = {Journal of agricultural and food chemistry},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1021/acs.jafc.4c01525},
pmid = {38602881},
issn = {1520-5118},
abstract = {Accurate monitoring of tetracycline (TC) residues in the environment is crucial for avoiding contaminant risk. Herein, a novel TC biosensor was facilely designed by integrating silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) into the porphyrin metal-organic matrix (Ag@AgPOM) as a bifunctional electrochemiluminescence (ECL) probe. Different from the step-by-step synthesis of the co-reaction accelerator and ECL emitter, the co-reaction accelerators Ag NPs were in situ-grown on the surface of 5,10,15,20-tetrakis (4-carboxyphenyl) porphyrin (TCPP) via a simple one-pot approach. Symbiotic Ag NPs on Ag@AgPOM formed an intimate interface and increased the collision efficiency of the ECL reaction, achieving the ECL enhancement of TCPP. Under the optimized conditions, the ternary ECL biosensor showed a wide linear detection range toward TC with a low detection limit of 0.14 fmol L[-1]. Compared with the traditional HPLC and ELISA methods, satisfied analytical adaptability made this sensing strategy feasible to monitor TC in complex environmental samples.},
}
@article {pmid38602651,
year = {2024},
author = {Massoud, R and Jafari, R and Khosravi-Darani, K},
title = {Kombucha as a Health-Beneficial Drink for Human Health.},
journal = {Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {38602651},
issn = {1573-9104},
abstract = {Kombucha is a unique fermented beverage made from a symbiotic culture of yeast and bacteria. Kombucha is normally based on black tea added to water, then sugar is added as a substrate for fermentation in this beverage. This unique beverage is composed of amino acids, flavonoids, vitamins, and some active enzymes. Several beneficial health effects such as antioxidant, antimicrobial effects have been reported as a result of probiotics and prebiotics presence. These health effects of kombucha are attributed to its bioactive chemical and biological agents of probiotics bacteria e.g., Gluconobacter, Acetobacter and yeasts like Saccharomyces sps., along with glucuronic acid as the main sources of the health protection. This review focuses on the beneficial effects of Kombucha including antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-cancer antidiabetic properties, as well as liver protection, treat of gastrointestinal problems, AIDS, gastric ulcers, obesity (and energy production), detoxification, and skin health.},
}
@article {pmid38602389,
year = {2024},
author = {Li, T and Ye, ZX and Feng, KH and Mao, QZ and Hu, QL and Zhuo, JC and Zhang, CX and Chen, JP and Li, JM},
title = {Molecular and biological characterization of a bunyavirus infecting the brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens).},
journal = {The Journal of general virology},
volume = {105},
number = {4},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1099/jgv.0.001977},
pmid = {38602389},
issn = {1465-2099},
mesh = {Animals ; Female ; *Orthobunyavirus ; Phylogeny ; *Hemiptera ; Insecta ; *RNA Viruses/genetics ; },
abstract = {A negative-strand symbiotic RNA virus, tentatively named Nilaparvata lugens Bunyavirus (NLBV), was identified in the brown planthopper (BPH, Nilaparvata lugens). Phylogenetic analysis indicated that NLBV is a member of the genus Mobuvirus (family Phenuiviridae, order Bunyavirales). Analysis of virus-derived small interfering RNA suggested that antiviral immunity of BPH was successfully activated by NLBV infection. Tissue-specific investigation showed that NLBV was mainly accumulated in the fat-body of BPH adults. Moreover, NLBV was detected in eggs of viruliferous female BPHs, suggesting the possibility of vertical transmission of NLBV in BPH. Additionally, no significant differences were observed for the biological properties between NLBV-infected and NLBV-free BPHs. Finally, analysis of geographic distribution indicated that NLBV may be prevalent in Southeast Asia. This study provided a comprehensive characterization on the molecular and biological properties of a symbiotic virus in BPH, which will contribute to our understanding of the increasingly discovered RNA viruses in insects.},
}
@article {pmid38601943,
year = {2024},
author = {Pang, F and Li, Q and Solanki, MK and Wang, Z and Xing, YX and Dong, DF},
title = {Soil phosphorus transformation and plant uptake driven by phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms.},
journal = {Frontiers in microbiology},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1383813},
pmid = {38601943},
issn = {1664-302X},
abstract = {Phosphorus (P) is an important nutrient for plants, and a lack of available P greatly limits plant growth and development. Phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms (PSMs) significantly enhance the ability of plants to absorb and utilize P, which is important for improving plant nutrient turnover and yield. This article summarizes and analyzes how PSMs promote the absorption and utilization of P nutrients by plants from four perspectives: the types and functions of PSMs, phosphate-solubilizing mechanisms, main functional genes, and the impact of complex inoculation of PSMs on plant P acquisition. This article reviews the physiological and molecular mechanisms of phosphorus solubilization and growth promotion by PSMs, with a focus on analyzing the impact of PSMs on soil microbial communities and its interaction with root exudates. In order to better understand the ability of PSMs and their role in soil P transformation and to provide prospects for research on PSMs promoting plant P absorption. PSMs mainly activate insoluble P through the secretion of organic acids, phosphatase production, and mycorrhizal symbiosis, mycorrhizal symbiosis indirectly activates P via carbon exchange. PSMs can secrete organic acids and produce phosphatase, which plays a crucial role in soil P cycling, and related genes are involved in regulating the P-solubilization ability. This article reviews the mechanisms by which microorganisms promote plant uptake of soil P, which is of great significance for a deeper understanding of PSM-mediated soil P cycling, plant P uptake and utilization, and for improving the efficiency of P utilization in agriculture.},
}
@article {pmid38601932,
year = {2024},
author = {Guo, H and Liu, W and Xie, Y and Wang, Z and Huang, C and Yi, J and Yang, Z and Zhao, J and Yu, X and Sibirina, LA},
title = {Soil microbiome of shiro reveals the symbiotic relationship between Tricholoma bakamatsutake and Quercus mongolica.},
journal = {Frontiers in microbiology},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1361117},
pmid = {38601932},
issn = {1664-302X},
abstract = {Tricholoma bakamatsutake is a delicious and nutritious ectomycorrhizal fungus. However, its cultivation is hindered owing to limited studies on its symbiotic relationships. The symbiotic relationship between T. bakamatsutake and its host is closely related to the shiro, a complex network composed of mycelium, mycorrhizal roots, and surrounding soil. To explore the symbiotic relationship between T. bakamatsutake and its host, soil samples were collected from T. bakamatsutake shiro (Tb) and corresponding Q. mongolica rhizosphere (CK) in four cities in Liaoning Province, China. The physicochemical properties of all the soil samples were then analyzed, along with the composition and function of the fungal and bacterial communities. The results revealed a significant increase in total potassium, available nitrogen, and sand in Tb soil compared to those in CK soil, while there was a significant decrease in pH, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, available phosphorus, and silt. The fungal community diversity in shiro was diminished, and T. bakamatsutake altered the community structure of its shiro by suppressing other fungi, such as Russula (ectomycorrhizal fungus) and Penicillium (phytopathogenic fungus). The bacterial community diversity in shiro increased, with the aggregation of mycorrhizal-helper bacteria, such as Paenibacillus and Bacillus, and plant growth-promoting bacteria, such as Solirubrobacter and Streptomyces, facilitated by T. bakamatsutake. Microbial functional predictions revealed a significant increase in pathways associated with sugar and fat catabolism within the fungal and bacterial communities of shiro. The relative genetic abundance of carboxylesterase and gibberellin 2-beta-dioxygenase in the fungal community was significantly increased, which suggested a potential symbiotic relationship between T. bakamatsutake and Q. mongolica. These findings elucidate the microbial community and relevant symbiotic environment to better understand the relationship between T. bakamatsutake and Q. mongolica.},
}
@article {pmid38601539,
year = {2024},
author = {Jansen, CA and Zanzarin, DM and Março, PH and Porto, C and do Prado, RM and Carvalhaes, F and Pilau, EJ},
title = {Metabolomic kinetics investigation of Camellia sinensis kombucha using mass spectrometry and bioinformatics approaches.},
journal = {Heliyon},
volume = {10},
number = {7},
pages = {e28937},
pmid = {38601539},
issn = {2405-8440},
abstract = {Kombucha is created through the fermentation of Camellia sinensis tea leaves, along with sucrose, utilizing a symbiotic consortium of bacteria and yeast cultures. Nonetheless, there exists a dearth of comprehensive information regarding the spectrum of metabolites that constitute this beverage. To explore this intricate system, metabolomics was used to investigate fermentation kinetics of Kombucha. For that, an experimental framework was devised to assess the impact of varying sucrose concentrations and fermentation temperatures over a ten-day period of kombucha fermentation. Following fermentation, samples were analyzed using an LC-QTOF-MS system and a distinctive metabolomic profile was observed. Principal component analysis was used to discriminate between metabolite profiles. Moreover, the identified compounds were subjected to classification using the GNPS platform. The findings underscore notable differences in compound class concentrations attributable to distinct fermentation conditions. Furthermore, distinct metabolic pathways were identified, specially some related to the biotransformation of flavonoids. This comprehensive investigation offers valuable insights into the pivotal role of SCOBY in driving metabolite production and underscores the potential bioactivity harbored within Kombucha.},
}
@article {pmid38601215,
year = {2024},
author = {Zabalgogeazcoa, I and Arellano, JB and Mellado-Ortega, E and Barro, F and Martínez-Castilla, A and González-Blanco, V and Vázquez de Aldana, BR},
title = {Symbiotic fungi from a wild grass (Celtica gigantea) increase the growth, grain yield and quality of tritordeum under field conditions.},
journal = {AoB PLANTS},
volume = {16},
number = {2},
pages = {plae013},
pmid = {38601215},
issn = {2041-2851},
abstract = {Plants function in symbiosis with numerous microorganisms, which might contribute to their adaptation and performance. In this study, we tested whether fungal strains in symbiotic interaction with roots of Celtica gigantea, a wild grass adapted to nutrient-poor soils in semiarid habitats, could improve the field performance of the agricultural cereal tritordeum (Triticum durum × Hordeum chilense). Seedlings of tritordeum were inoculated with 12 different fungal strains isolated from roots of Celtica gigantea that were first proved to promote the growth of tritordeum plants under greenhouse conditions. The inoculated seedlings were transplanted to field plots at two locations belonging to different climatic zones in terms of mean temperatures and precipitation in the Iberian Peninsula. Only one strain, Diaporthe iberica T6, had a significant effect on plant height, number of tillers and grain yield in one location. This result showed a substantial divergence between the results of greenhouse and field tests. In terms of grain nutritional quality, several parameters were differentially affected at both locations: Diaporthe T6, Pleosporales T7, Zygomycota T29 and Zygomycota T80 increased the content of total carotenoids, mainly lutein, in the colder location; whereas gluten proteins increased with several treatments in the warmer location. In conclusion, early inoculation of tritordeum plants with fungal symbionts had substantial beneficial effects on subsequent plant growth and development in the field. Regarding grain nutritional quality, the effect of inoculation was affected by the agroclimatic differences between both field locations.},
}
@article {pmid38600764,
year = {2024},
author = {Güngör, E and Savary, J and Adema, K and Dijkhuizen, LW and Keilwagen, J and Himmelbach, A and Mascher, M and Koppers, N and Bräutigam, A and Van Hove, C and Riant, O and Nierzwicki-Bauer, S and Schluepmann, H},
title = {The crane fly glycosylated triketide δ-lactone cornicinine elicits akinete differentiation of the cyanobiont in aquatic Azolla fern symbioses.},
journal = {Plant, cell &amp; environment},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/pce.14907},
pmid = {38600764},
issn = {1365-3040},
support = {//Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek/ ; //Aard- en Levenswetenschappen, Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek/ ; },
abstract = {The restriction of plant-symbiont dinitrogen fixation by an insect semiochemical had not been previously described. Here we report on a glycosylated triketide δ-lactone from Nephrotoma cornicina crane flies, cornicinine, that causes chlorosis in the floating-fern symbioses from the genus Azolla. Only the glycosylated trans-A form of chemically synthesized cornicinine was active: 500 nM cornicinine in the growth medium turned all cyanobacterial filaments from Nostoc azollae inside the host leaf-cavities into akinetes typically secreting CTB-bacteriocins. Cornicinine further inhibited akinete germination in Azolla sporelings, precluding re-establishment of the symbiosis during sexual reproduction. It did not impact development of the plant Arabidopsis thaliana or several free-living cyanobacteria from the genera Anabaena or Nostoc but affected the fern host without cyanobiont. Fern-host mRNA sequencing from isolated leaf cavities confirmed high NH4-assimilation and proanthocyanidin biosynthesis in this trichome-rich tissue. After cornicinine treatment, it revealed activation of Cullin-RING ubiquitin-ligase-pathways, known to mediate metabolite signaling and plant elicitation consistent with the chlorosis phenotype, and increased JA-oxidase, sulfate transport and exosome formation. The work begins to uncover molecular mechanisms of cyanobiont differentiation in a seed-free plant symbiosis important for wetland ecology or circular crop-production today, that once caused massive CO2 draw-down during the Eocene geological past.},
}
@article {pmid38599637,
year = {2024},
author = {Yue, C and Du, C and Wang, X and Tan, Y and Liu, X and Fan, H},
title = {Powdery mildew-induced changes in phyllosphere microbial community dynamics of cucumber.},
journal = {FEMS microbiology ecology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/femsec/fiae050},
pmid = {38599637},
issn = {1574-6941},
abstract = {As an important habitat for microorganisms, the phyllosphere has a great impact on plant growth and health, and changes in phyllosphere microorganisms are closely related to the occurrence of leaf diseases. However, there remains a limited understanding regarding alterations to the microbial community in the phyllosphere resulting from pathogen infections. Here, we analyzed and compared the differences in phyllosphere microorganisms of powdery mildew cucumber from three disease severity levels (0% < L1 < 30%, 30% ≤ L2 < 50%, L3 ≥ 50%, the number represents the lesion coverage rate of powdery mildew on leaves). There were significant differences in α diversity and community structure of phyllosphere communities under different disease levels. Disease severity altered the community structure of phyllosphere microorganisms, Rosenbergiella, Rickettsia, and Cladosporium accounted for the largest proportion in the L1 disease grade, while Bacillus, Pantoea, Kocuria, and Podosphaera had the highest relative abundance in the L3 disease grade. The co-occurrence network analysis of the phyllosphere microbial community indicated that the phyllosphere bacterial community was most affected by the severity of disease. Our results suggested that with the development of cucumber powdery mildew, the symbiotic relationship between species was broken, and the entire bacterial community tended to compete.},
}
@article {pmid38599021,
year = {2024},
author = {de Carvalho Neta, SJ and Araújo, VLVP and Fracetto, FJC and da Silva, CCG and de Souza, ER and Silva, WR and Lumini, E and Fracetto, GGM},
title = {Growth-promoting bacteria and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus enhance maize tolerance to saline stress.},
journal = {Microbiological research},
volume = {284},
number = {},
pages = {127708},
doi = {10.1016/j.micres.2024.127708},
pmid = {38599021},
issn = {1618-0623},
abstract = {Climate change intensifies soil salinization and jeopardizes the development of crops worldwide. The accumulation of salts in plant tissue activates the defense system and triggers ethylene production thus restricting cell division. We hypothesize that the inoculation of plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) producing ACC (1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate) deaminase favors the development of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), promoting the growth of maize plants under saline stress. We investigated the efficacy of individual inoculation of PGPB, which produce ACC deaminase, as well as the co-inoculation of PGPB with Rhizophagus clarus on maize plant growth subjected to saline stress. The isolates were acquired from the bulk and rhizospheric soil of Mimosa bimucronata (DC.) Kuntze in a temporary pond located in Pernambuco State, Brazil. In the first greenhouse experiment, 10 halophilic PGPB were inoculated into maize at 0, 40 and 80 mM of NaCl, and in the second experiment, the PGPB that showed the best performance were co-inoculated with R. clarus in maize under the same conditions as in the first experiment. Individual PGPB inoculation benefited the number of leaves, stem diameter, root and shoot dry mass, and the photosynthetic pigments. Inoculation with PGPB 28-10 Pseudarthrobacter enclensis, 24-1 P. enclensis and 52 P. chlorophenolicus increased the chlorophyll a content by 138%, 171%, and 324% at 0, 40 and 80 mM NaCl, respectively, comparing to the non-inoculated control. We also highlight that the inoculation of PGPB 28-10, 28-7 Arthrobacter sp. and 52 increased the content of chlorophyll b by 72%, 98%, and 280% and carotenoids by 82%, 98%, and 290% at 0, 40 and 80 mM of NaCl, respectively. Co-inoculation with PGPB 28-7, 46-1 Leclercia tamurae, 70 Artrobacter sp., and 79-1 Micrococcus endophyticus significantly increased the rate of mycorrhizal colonization by roughly 50%. Furthermore, co-inoculation promoted a decrease in the accumulation of Na and K extracted from plant tissue, with an increase in salt concentration, from 40 mM to 80 mM, also favoring the establishment and development of R. clarus. In addition, co-inoculation of these PGPB with R. clarus promoted maize growth and increased plant biomass through osmoregulation and protection of the photosynthetic apparatus. The tripartite symbiosis (plant-fungus-bacterium) is likely to reprogram metabolic pathways that improve maize growth and crop yield, suggesting that the AMF-PGPB consortium can minimize damages caused by saline stress.},
}
@article {pmid38598552,
year = {2024},
author = {Vandana, V and Dong, S and Sheth, T and Sun, Q and Wen, H and Maldonado, A and Xi, Z and Dimopoulos, G},
title = {Wolbachia infection-responsive immune genes suppress Plasmodium falciparum infection in Anopheles stephensi.},
journal = {PLoS pathogens},
volume = {20},
number = {4},
pages = {e1012145},
doi = {10.1371/journal.ppat.1012145},
pmid = {38598552},
issn = {1553-7374},
abstract = {Wolbachia, a maternally transmitted symbiotic bacterium of insects, can suppress a variety of human pathogens in mosquitoes, including malaria-causing Plasmodium in the Anopheles vector. However, the mechanistic basis of Wolbachia-mediated Plasmodium suppression in mosquitoes is not well understood. In this study, we compared the midgut and carcass transcriptomes of stably infected Anopheles stephensi with Wolbachia wAlbB to uninfected mosquitoes in order to discover Wolbachia infection-responsive immune genes that may play a role in Wolbachia-mediated anti-Plasmodium activity. We show that wAlbB infection upregulates 10 putative immune genes and downregulates 14 in midguts, while it upregulates 31 putative immune genes and downregulates 15 in carcasses at 24 h after blood-fed feeding, the time at which the Plasmodium ookinetes are traversing the midgut tissue. Only a few of these regulated immune genes were also significantly differentially expressed between Wolbachia-infected and non-infected midguts and carcasses of sugar-fed mosquitoes. Silencing of the Wolbachia infection-responsive immune genes TEP 4, TEP 15, lysozyme C2, CLIPB2, CLIPB4, PGRP-LD and two novel genes (a peritrophin-44-like gene and a macro domain-encoding gene) resulted in a significantly greater permissiveness to P. falciparum infection. These results indicate that Wolbachia infection modulates mosquito immunity and other processes that are likely to decrease Anopheles permissiveness to Plasmodium infection.},
}
@article {pmid38598294,
year = {2024},
author = {Yang, L and Lawhorn, S and Bongrand, C and Kosmopoulos, JC and Kuwabara, J and VanNieuwenhze, M and Mandel, MJ and McFall-Ngai, M and Ruby, E},
title = {Bacterial growth dynamics in a rhythmic symbiosis.},
journal = {Molecular biology of the cell},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {mbcE24010044},
doi = {10.1091/mbc.E24-01-0044},
pmid = {38598294},
issn = {1939-4586},
abstract = {The symbiotic relationship between the bioluminescent bacterium Vibrio fischeri and the bobtail squid Euprymna scolopes serves as a valuable system to investigate bacterial growth and peptidoglycan (PG) synthesis within animal tissues. To better understand the growth dynamics of V. fischeri in the crypts of the light-emitting organ of its juvenile host, we showed that, after the daily dawn-triggered expulsion of most of the population, the remaining symbionts rapidly proliferate for about 6 h. At that point the population enters a period of extremely slow growth that continues throughout the night until the next dawn. Further, we found that PG synthesis by the symbionts decreases as they enter the slow-growing stage. Surprisingly, in contrast to the most mature crypts (i.e., Crypt 1) of juvenile animals, most of the symbiont cells in the least mature crypts (i.e., Crypt 3) were not expelled and, instead, remained in the slow-growing state throughout the day, with almost no cell division. Consistent with this observation, the expression of the gene encoding the PG-remodeling enzyme, L,D-transpeptidase (LdtA), was greatest during the slowly growing stage of Crypt 1 but, in contrast, remained continuously high in Crypt 3. Finally, deletion of the ldtA gene resulted in a symbiont that grew and survived normally in culture, but was increasingly defective in competing against its parent strain in the crypts. This result suggests that remodeling of the PG to generate additional 3-3 linkages contributes to the bacterium's fitness in the symbiosis, possibly in response to stresses encountered during the very slow-growing stage. [Media: see text] [Media: see text] [Media: see text] [Media: see text] [Media: see text].},
}
@article {pmid38594563,
year = {2024},
author = {Wang, YW and Bai, DS and Zhang, Y and Luo, XG},
title = {The role of afforestation with diverse woody species in enhancing and restructuring the soil microenvironment in polymetallic coal gangue dumps.},
journal = {Environmental science and pollution research international},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {38594563},
issn = {1614-7499},
abstract = {To elucidate the effects of long-term (20 years) afforestation with different woody plant species on the soil microenvironment in coal gangue polymetallic contaminated areas. This study analyzed the soil physicochemical properties, soil enzyme activities, soil ionophore, bacterial community structure, soil metabolite, and their interaction relationships at different vertical depths. Urease, sucrase, and acid phosphatase activities in the shallow soil layers increased by 4.70-7.45, 3.83-7.64, and 3.27-4.85 times, respectively, after the restoration by the four arboreal plant species compared to the plant-free control soil. Additionally, it reduced the content of available elements in the soil and alleviated the toxicity stress for Cd, Ni, Co, Cr, As, Fe, Cu, U, and Pb. After the long-term restoration of arboreal plants, the richness and Shannon indices of soil bacteria significantly increased by 4.77-23.81% and 2.93-7.93%, respectively, broadening the bacterial ecological niche. The bacterial community structure shaped by different arboreal plants exhibited high similarity, but the community similarity decreased with increasing vertical depth. Soils Zn, U, Sr, S, P, Mg, K, Fe, Cu, Ca, Ba, and pH were identified as important influencing factors for the community structure of Sphingomonas, Pseudarthrobacter, Nocardioides, and Thiobacillus. The metabolites such as sucrose, raffinose, L-valine, D-fructose 2, 6-bisphosphate, and oxoglutaric acid were found to have the greatest effect on the bacterial community in the rhizosphere soils for arboreal plants. The results of the study demonstrated that long-term planting for woody plants in gangue dumps could regulate microbial abundance and symbiotic patterns through the accumulation of rhizosphere metabolites in the soil, increase soil enzyme activity, reduce heavy metal levels, and improve the soil environment in coal gangue dumps.},
}
@article {pmid38594444,
year = {2024},
author = {Li, D and Wang, X and Chen, K and Shan, D and Cui, G and Yuan, W and Lin, Q and Gimple, RC and Dixit, D and Lu, C and Gu, D and You, H and Gao, J and Li, Y and Kang, T and Yang, J and Yu, H and Song, K and Shi, Z and Fan, X and Wu, Q and Gao, W and Zhu, Z and Man, J and Wang, Q and Lin, F and Tao, W and Mack, SC and Chen, Y and Zhang, J and Li, C and Zhang, N and You, Y and Qian, X and Yang, K and Rich, JN and Zhang, Q and Wang, X},
title = {IFI35 regulates non-canonical NF-κB signaling to maintain glioblastoma stem cells and recruit tumor-associated macrophages.},
journal = {Cell death and differentiation},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {38594444},
issn = {1476-5403},
support = {82072779//National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China)/ ; 82172667//National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China)/ ; BE2022770//Government of Jiangsu Province (Jiangsu Province)/ ; },
abstract = {Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive malignant primary brain tumor characterized by a highly heterogeneous and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). The symbiotic interactions between glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) and tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) in the TME are critical for tumor progression. Here, we identified that IFI35, a transcriptional regulatory factor, plays both cell-intrinsic and cell-extrinsic roles in maintaining GSCs and the immunosuppressive TME. IFI35 induced non-canonical NF-kB signaling through proteasomal processing of p105 to the DNA-binding transcription factor p50, which heterodimerizes with RELB (RELB/p50), and activated cell chemotaxis in a cell-autonomous manner. Further, IFI35 induced recruitment and maintenance of M2-like TAMs in TME in a paracrine manner. Targeting IFI35 effectively suppressed in vivo tumor growth and prolonged survival of orthotopic xenograft-bearing mice. Collectively, these findings reveal the tumor-promoting functions of IFI35 and suggest that targeting IFI35 or its downstream effectors may provide effective approaches to improve GBM treatment.},
}
@article {pmid38594221,
year = {2024},
author = {Mujica, MI and Silva-Flores, P and Bueno, CG and Duchicela, J},
title = {Integrating perspectives in developing mycorrhizal trait databases: a call for inclusive and collaborative continental efforts.},
journal = {The New phytologist},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/nph.19754},
pmid = {38594221},
issn = {1469-8137},
support = {Ram&#xf3;n y Cajal fellowship #RYC2021-032533-I//Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci&#xf3;n/ ; 11230870//Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Cient&#xed;fico y Tecnol&#xf3;gico/ ; 3200774//Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Cient&#xed;fico y Tecnol&#xf3;gico/ ; },
abstract = {Global assessments of mycorrhizal symbiosis present large sampling gaps in rich biodiversity regions. Filling these gaps is necessary to build large-scale, unbiased mycorrhizal databases to obtain reliable analyses and prevent misleading generalizations. Underrepresented regions in mycorrhizal research are mainly in Africa, Asia, and South America. Despite the high biodiversity and endemism in these regions, many groups of organisms remain understudied, especially mycorrhizal fungi. In this Viewpoint, we emphasize the importance of inclusive and collaborative continental efforts in integrating perspectives for comprehensive trait database development and propose a conceptual framework that can help build large mycorrhizal databases in underrepresented regions. Based on the four Vs of big data (volume, variety, veracity, and velocity), we identify the main challenges of constructing a large mycorrhizal dataset and propose solutions for each challenge. We share our collaborative methodology, which involves employing open calls and working groups to engage all mycorrhizal researchers in the region to build a South American Mycorrhizal Database. By fostering interdisciplinary collaborations and embracing a continental-scale approach, we can create robust mycorrhizal trait databases that provide valuable insights into the evolution, ecology, and functioning of mycorrhizal associations, reducing the geographical biases that are so common in large-scale ecological studies.},
}
@article {pmid38593123,
year = {2024},
author = {Archibald, JM},
title = {Symbiotic revolutions at the interface of genomics and microbiology.},
journal = {PLoS biology},
volume = {22},
number = {4},
pages = {e3002581},
pmid = {38593123},
issn = {1545-7885},
mesh = {*Symbiosis/genetics ; *Genomics ; },
abstract = {Symbiosis is an old idea with a contentious history. New genomic technologies and research paradigms are fueling a shift in some of its central tenets; we need to be humble and open-minded about what the data are telling us.},
}
@article {pmid38593079,
year = {2024},
author = {Zhong, Q and Liao, B and Liu, J and Shen, W and Wang, J and Wei, L and Ma, Y and Dong, PT and Bor, B and McLean, JS and Chang, Y and Shi, W and Cen, L and Wu, M and Liu, J and Li, Y and He, X and Le, S},
title = {Episymbiotic Saccharibacteria TM7x modulates the susceptibility of its host bacteria to phage infection and promotes their coexistence.},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
volume = {121},
number = {16},
pages = {e2319790121},
doi = {10.1073/pnas.2319790121},
pmid = {38593079},
issn = {1091-6490},
support = {R01DE023810//HHS | NIH | National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR)/ ; R01DE030943//HHS | NIH | National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR)/ ; 31870167//MOST | National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)/ ; R01AI087946//HHS | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)/ ; R01AI132818//HHS | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *Bacteriophages/physiology ; Symbiosis ; Bacteria/genetics ; },
abstract = {Bacteriophages (phages) play critical roles in modulating microbial ecology. Within the human microbiome, the factors influencing the long-term coexistence of phages and bacteria remain poorly investigated. Saccharibacteria (formerly TM7) are ubiquitous members of the human oral microbiome. These ultrasmall bacteria form episymbiotic relationships with their host bacteria and impact their physiology. Here, we showed that during surface-associated growth, a human oral Saccharibacteria isolate (named TM7x) protects its host bacterium, a Schaalia odontolytica strain (named XH001) against lytic phage LC001 predation. RNA-Sequencing analysis identified in XH001 a gene cluster with predicted functions involved in the biogenesis of cell wall polysaccharides (CWP), whose expression is significantly down-regulated when forming a symbiosis with TM7x. Through genetic work, we experimentally demonstrated the impact of the expression of this CWP gene cluster on bacterial-phage interaction by affecting phage binding. In vitro coevolution experiments further showed that the heterogeneous populations of TM7x-associated and TM7x-free XH001, which display differential susceptibility to LC001 predation, promote bacteria and phage coexistence. Our study highlights the tripartite interaction between the bacterium, episymbiont, and phage. More importantly, we present a mechanism, i.e., episymbiont-mediated modulation of gene expression in host bacteria, which impacts their susceptibility to phage predation and contributes to the formation of "source-sink" dynamics between phage and bacteria in biofilm, promoting their long-term coexistence within the human microbiome.},
}
@article {pmid38592857,
year = {2024},
author = {Azri, R and Lamine, M and Bensalem-Fnayou, A and Hamdi, Z and Mliki, A and Ruiz-Lozano, JM and Aroca, R},
title = {Genotype-Dependent Response of Root Microbiota and Leaf Metabolism in Olive Seedlings Subjected to Drought Stress.},
journal = {Plants (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {13},
number = {6},
pages = {},
pmid = {38592857},
issn = {2223-7747},
abstract = {Under stress or in optimum conditions, plants foster a specific guild of symbiotic microbes to strengthen pivotal functions including metabolic regulation. Despite that the role of the plant genotype in microbial selection is well documented, the potential of this genotype-specific microbial assembly in maintaining the host homeostasis remains insufficiently investigated. In this study, we aimed to assess the specificity of the foliar metabolic response of contrasting olive genotypes to microbial inoculation with wet-adapted consortia of plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), to see if previously inoculated plants with indigenous or exogenous microbes would display any change in their leaf metabolome once being subjected to drought stress. Two Tunisian elite varieties, Chetoui (drought-sensitive) and Chemleli (drought-tolerant), were tested under controlled and stressed conditions. Leaf samples were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-TOFMS) to identify untargeted metabolites. Root and soil samples were used to extract microbial genomic DNA destined for bacterial community profiling using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. Respectively, the score plot analysis, cluster analysis, heat map, Venn diagrams, and Krona charts were applied to metabolic and microbial data. Results demonstrated dynamic changes in the leaf metabolome of the Chetoui variety in both stress and inoculation conditions. Under the optimum state, the PGPR consortia induced noteworthy alterations in metabolic patterns of the sensitive variety, aligning with the phytochemistry observed in drought-tolerant cultivars. These variations involved fatty acids, tocopherols, phenols, methoxyphenols, stilbenoids, triterpenes, and sugars. On the other hand, the Chemleli variety displaying comparable metabolic profiles appeared unaffected by stress and inoculation probably owing to its tolerance capacity. The distribution of microbial species among treatments was distinctly uneven. The tested seedlings followed variety-specific strategies in selecting beneficial soil bacteria to alleviate stress. A highly abundant species of the wet-adapted inoculum was detected only under optimum conditions for both cultivars, which makes the moisture history of the plant genotype a selective driver shaping microbial community and thereby a useful tool to predict microbial activity in large ecosystems.},
}
@article {pmid38592805,
year = {2024},
author = {Slimani, A and Ait-El-Mokhtar, M and Ben-Laouane, R and Boutasknit, A and Anli, M and Abouraicha, EF and Oufdou, K and Meddich, A and Baslam, M},
title = {Signals and Machinery for Mycorrhizae and Cereal and Oilseed Interactions towards Improved Tolerance to Environmental Stresses.},
journal = {Plants (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {13},
number = {6},
pages = {},
pmid = {38592805},
issn = {2223-7747},
abstract = {In the quest for sustainable agricultural practices, there arises an urgent need for alternative solutions to mineral fertilizers and pesticides, aiming to diminish the environmental footprint of farming. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) emerge as a promising avenue, bestowing plants with heightened nutrient absorption capabilities while alleviating plant stress. Cereal and oilseed crops benefit from this association in a number of ways, including improved growth fitness, nutrient uptake, and tolerance to environmental stresses. Understanding the molecular mechanisms shaping the impact of AMF on these crops offers encouraging prospects for a more efficient use of these beneficial microorganisms to mitigate climate change-related stressors on plant functioning and productivity. An increased number of studies highlighted the boosting effect of AMF on grain and oil crops' tolerance to (a)biotic stresses while limited ones investigated the molecular aspects orchestrating the different involved mechanisms. This review gives an extensive overview of the different strategies initiated by mycorrhizal cereal and oilseed plants to manage the deleterious effects of environmental stress. We also discuss the molecular drivers and mechanistic concepts to unveil the molecular machinery triggered by AMF to alleviate the tolerance of these crops to stressors.},
}
@article {pmid38592801,
year = {2024},
author = {Guo, L and Liu, S and Zhang, P and Hakeem, A and Song, H and Yu, M and Wang, F},
title = {Effects of Different Mulching Practices on Soil Environment and Fruit Quality in Peach Orchards.},
journal = {Plants (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {13},
number = {6},
pages = {},
pmid = {38592801},
issn = {2223-7747},
support = {CARS-30//Falin Wang/ ; },
abstract = {Mulching practices have been used to improve peach growth and production across the globe. However, the impact of mulching on the physiochemical properties and soil characteristics of orchards remains largely unknown. This study aimed to decipher the impacts of various mulching patterns on the soil environment and the quality of Prunus persica fruit in "Zijinhuangcui". Three treatments were set up, which included black ground fabric mulch (BF) and two living grass mulch treatments (HV: hairy vetch and RG: ryegrass). The results showed that different mulching treatments have different effects on soil, plant growth, and fruit quality. Living grass mulch treatments, especially the HV treatment, significantly improved soil nutrients by enhancing nitrogen-related indicators. Of note, the BF treatment had higher total phosphorus and available phosphorus contents than the HV and RG treatments. The HV treatment had the highest relative abundance of Proteobacteria (33.49%), which is associated with symbiotic nitrogen fixation, followed by RG (25.62%), and BF (22.38%) at the young fruit stage. Similarly, the abundance of Terrimonas, which has a unique nitrogen fixation system at the genus level, was significantly higher in the living grass mulch (HV, 1.30-3.13% and RG, 2.27-4.24%) than in the BF treatment. Living grass mulch also promoted tree growth, increased fruit sugar content, sugar-related components, and sugar-acid ratio, and reduced the acid content. Collectively, the findings of this study show that living grass mulch can promote tree growth and improve fruit quality by improving soil fertility, bacterial diversity, and richness.},
}
@article {pmid38592780,
year = {2024},
author = {Zhang, DJ and Tong, CL and Wang, QS and Bie, S},
title = {Mycorrhizas Affect Physiological Performance, Antioxidant System, Photosynthesis, Endogenous Hormones, and Water Content in Cotton under Salt Stress.},
journal = {Plants (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {13},
number = {6},
pages = {},
pmid = {38592780},
issn = {2223-7747},
support = {CARS-15-12//National Cotton Industry Technology System Project/ ; 31901507//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; },
abstract = {Saline-alkali stress seriously endangers the normal growth of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum). Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) could enhance salt tolerance by establishing symbiotic relationships with plants. Based on it, a pot experiment was conducted to simulate a salt environment in which cotton was inoculated with Paraglomus occultum to explore its effects on the saline-alkali tolerance of cotton. Our results showed that salt stress noticeably decreased cotton seedling growth parameters (such as plant height, number of leaves, dry weight, root system architecture, etc.), while AMF exhibited a remarkable effect on promoting growth. It was noteworthy that AMF significantly mitigated the inhibitory effect of salt on cotton seedlings. However, AMF colonization in root and soil hyphal length were collectively descended via salt stress. With regard to osmotic regulating substances, Pro and MDA values in roots were significantly increased when seedlings were exposed to salt stress, while AMF only partially mitigated these reactions. Salt stress increased ROS levels in the roots of cotton seedlings and enhanced antioxidant enzyme activity (SOD, POD, and CAT), while AMF mitigated the increases in ROS levels but further strengthened antioxidant enzyme activity. AMF inoculation increased the photosynthesis parameters of cotton seedling leaves to varying degrees, while salt stress decreased them dramatically. When inoculated with AMF under a salt stress environment, only partial mitigation of these photosynthesis values was observed. Under saline-alkali stress, AMF improved the leaf fluorescence parameters (φPSII, Fv'/Fm', and qP) of cotton seedlings, leaf chlorophyll levels, and root endogenous hormones (IAA and BR); promoted the absorption of water; and maintained nitrogen balance, thus alleviating the damage from salt stress on the growth of cotton plants to some extent. In summary, mycorrhizal cotton seedlings may exhibit mechanisms involving root system architecture, the antioxidant system, photosynthesis, leaf fluorescence, endogenous hormones, water content, and nitrogen balance that increase their resistance to saline-alkali environments. This study provide a theoretical basis for further exploring the application of AMF to enhance the salt tolerance of cotton.},
}
@article {pmid38591035,
year = {2024},
author = {Gong, M and Bai, N and Su, J and Wang, Y and Wei, Y and Zhang, Q},
title = {Transcriptome analysis of Gossypium reveals the molecular mechanisms of Ca[2+] signaling pathway on arsenic tolerance induced by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi.},
journal = {Frontiers in microbiology},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1362296},
pmid = {38591035},
issn = {1664-302X},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) have been demonstrated their ability to enhance the arsenic (As) tolerance of host plants, and making the utilization of mycorrhizal plants a promising and practical approach for remediating As-contaminated soils. However, comprehensive transcriptome analysis to reveal the molecular mechanism of As tolerance in the symbiotic process between AMF and host plants is still limited.<br><br>METHODS: In this study, transcriptomic analysis of Gossypium seedlings was conducted with four treatments: non-inoculated Gossypium under non-As stress (CK0), non-inoculated Gossypium under As stress (CK100), F. mosseae-inoculated Gossypium under non-As stress (FM0), and F. mosseae-inoculated Gossypium under As stress (FM100).<br><br>RESULTS: Our results showed that inoculation with F. mosseae led to a reduction in net fluxes of Ca[2+], while increasing Ca[2+] contents in the roots and leaves of Gossypium under the same As level in soil. Notably, 199 and 3129 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were specially regulated by F. mosseae inoculation under As stress and non-As stress, respectively. Through Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) annotation and enrichment analyses, we found that under As stress, F. mosseae inoculation up-regulated a significant number of genes related to the Ca[2+] signaling pathway genes, involved in cellular process, membrane part, and signal transduction. This suggests a potential role in mitigating As tolerance in Gossypium seedlings. Furthermore, our analysis identified specific DEGs in transcription factor families, including ERF, MYB, NAC, and WRKY, that were upregulated by F. mosseae inoculation. Conversely, MYB and HB-other were down-regulated. The ERF and MYB families exhibited the highest number of up- and down-regulated DEGs, respectively, which were speculated to play an important role in alleviating the As toxicity of Gossypium.<br><br>DISCUSSION: Our findings provided valuable insights into the molecular theoretical basis of the Ca[2+] signaling pathway in improving As tolerance of mycorrhizal plants in the future.},
}
@article {pmid38591030,
year = {2024},
author = {Wang, X and Chi, Y and Song, S},
title = {Important soil microbiota's effects on plants and soils: a comprehensive 30-year systematic literature review.},
journal = {Frontiers in microbiology},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1347745},
pmid = {38591030},
issn = {1664-302X},
abstract = {Clarifying the relationship between soil microorganisms and the plant-soil system is crucial for encouraging the sustainable development of ecosystems, as soil microorganisms serve a variety of functional roles in the plant-soil system. In this work, the influence mechanisms of significant soil microbial groups on the plant-soil system and their applications in environmental remediation over the previous 30 years were reviewed using a systematic literature review (SLR) methodology. The findings demonstrated that: (1) There has been a general upward trend in the number of publications on significant microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, and archaea. (2) Bacteria and fungi influence soil development and plant growth through organic matter decomposition, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium element dissolution, symbiotic relationships, plant growth hormone production, pathogen inhibition, and plant resistance induction. Archaea aid in the growth of plants by breaking down low-molecular-weight organic matter, participating in element cycles, producing plant growth hormones, and suppressing infections. (3) Microorganism principles are utilized in soil remediation, biofertilizer production, denitrification, and phosphorus removal, effectively reducing environmental pollution, preventing soil pathogen invasion, protecting vegetation health, and promoting plant growth. The three important microbial groups collectively regulate the plant-soil ecosystem and help maintain its relative stability. This work systematically summarizes the principles of important microbial groups influence plant-soil systems, providing a theoretical reference for how to control soil microbes in order to restore damaged ecosystems and enhance ecosystem resilience in the future.},
}
@article {pmid38590774,
year = {2024},
author = {Huang, J and Wang, X and Li, Q and Zhang, P and Jing, Z and Zhang, J and Su, H and Sun, X},
title = {Effect of Mixed Probiotics on Ovalbumin-Induced Atopic Dermatitis in Juvenile Mice.},
journal = {International journal of microbiology},
volume = {2024},
number = {},
pages = {7172386},
pmid = {38590774},
issn = {1687-918X},
abstract = {Atopic dermatitis is one of the most common dermatologic problems, especially in children. Given the ability of symbiotic microorganisms in modulating the immune system, probiotics administration has been studied in previous research in the management of atopic dermatitis. However, there are conflicting results between studies. In this study, we aimed to assess the effectiveness of mixed probiotics as a treatment option for atopic dermatitis induced by ovalbumin. BALB/c juvenile mice were classified and divided into the ovalbumin group, mixed probiotic group (ovalbumin + LK), and control group. Except for the control group, all mice were sensitized with ovalbumin to establish a model of atopic dermatitis. The mixed probiotics were given by gavage for 14 days. Mice body weight, skin lesions, skin inflammation, ovalbumin-specific Ig, the number of Treg and CD103[+]DC, and the expression level of PD-1/PD-L1 were examined. The results showed that mixed probiotics can improve body weight and alleviate skin symptoms. Mixed probiotics reduced serum Th2 inflammatory factors, eosinophils, mast cell degranulation, mast cell count, and the expression of ovalbumin-specific immunoglobulin E/G1 and increased the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10, Treg cells, CD103[+]DC cells, and the expression level of PD-1/PD-L1. These findings suggest that mixed probiotics could be a viable treatment option for atopic dermatitis and provide insight into the underlying mechanisms involved.},
}
@article {pmid38590605,
year = {2024},
author = {Ye, A and Shen, JN and Li, Y and Lian, X and Ma, BG and Guo, FB},
title = {Reconstruction of the genome-scale metabolic network model of Sinorhizobium fredii CCBAU45436 for free-living and symbiotic states.},
journal = {Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology},
volume = {12},
number = {},
pages = {1377334},
pmid = {38590605},
issn = {2296-4185},
abstract = {Sinorhizobium fredii CCBAU45436 is an excellent rhizobium that plays an important role in agricultural production. However, there still needs more comprehensive understanding of the metabolic system of S. fredii CCBAU45436, which hinders its application in agriculture. Therefore, based on the first-generation metabolic model iCC541 we developed a new genome-scale metabolic model iAQY970, which contains 970 genes, 1,052 reactions, 942 metabolites and is scored 89% in the MEMOTE test. Cell growth phenotype predicted by iAQY970 is 81.7% consistent with the experimental data. The results of mapping the proteome data under free-living and symbiosis conditions to the model showed that the biomass production rate in the logarithmic phase was faster than that in the stable phase, and the nitrogen fixation efficiency of rhizobia parasitized in cultivated soybean was higher than that in wild-type soybean, which was consistent with the actual situation. In the symbiotic condition, there are 184 genes that would affect growth, of which 94 are essential; In the free-living condition, there are 143 genes that influence growth, of which 78 are essential. Among them, 86 of the 94 essential genes in the symbiotic condition were consistent with the prediction of iCC541, and 44 essential genes were confirmed by literature information; meanwhile, 30 genes were identified by DEG and 33 genes were identified by Geptop. In addition, we extracted four key nitrogen fixation modules from the model and predicted that sulfite reductase (EC 1.8.7.1) and nitrogenase (EC 1.18.6.1) as the target enzymes to enhance nitrogen fixation by MOMA, which provided a potential focus for strain optimization. Through the comprehensive metabolic model, we can better understand the metabolic capabilities of S. fredii CCBAU45436 and make full use of it in the future.},
}
@article {pmid38589941,
year = {2024},
author = {Liu, F and Ryu, T and Ravasi, T and Wang, X and Wang, G and Li, Z},
title = {Niche-dependent sponge hologenome expression profiles and the host-microbes interplay: a case of the hawaiian demosponge Mycale Grandis.},
journal = {Environmental microbiome},
volume = {19},
number = {1},
pages = {22},
pmid = {38589941},
issn = {2524-6372},
support = {31861143020, 41776138//This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Most researches on sponge holobionts focus primarily on symbiotic microbes, yet data at the level of the sponge hologenome are still relatively scarce. Understanding of the sponge host and its microbial gene expression profiles and the host-microbes interplay in different niches represents a key aspect of sponge hologenome. Using the Hawaiian demosponge Mycale grandis in different niches as a model, i.e. on rocks, on the surface of coral Porites compressa, under alga Gracilaria salicornia, we compared the bacterial and fungal community structure, functional gene diversity, expression pattern and the host transcriptome by integrating open-format (deep sequencing) and closed-format (GeoChip microarray) high-throughput techniques.<br><br>RESULTS: Little inter-niche variation in bacterial and fungal phylogenetic diversity was detected for M. grandis in different niches, but a clear niche-dependent variability in the functional gene diversity and expression pattern of M. grandis host and its symbiotic microbiota was uncovered by GeoChip microarray and transcriptome analyses. Particularly, sponge host genes related to innate immunity and microbial recognition showed a strong correlation with the microbial symbionts' functional gene diversity and transcriptional richness in different niches. The cross-niche variability with respect to the symbiont functional gene diversity and the transcriptional richness of M. grandis holobiont putatively reflects the interplay of niche-specific selective pressure and the symbiont functional diversity.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Niche-dependent gene expression profiles of M. grandis hologenome and the host-microbes interplay were suggested though little inter-niche variation in bacterial and fungal diversity was detected, particularly the sponge innate immunity was found to be closely related to the symbiotic microbes. Altogether, these findings provide novel insights into the black box of one sponge holobiont in different niches at the hologenome level.},
}
@article {pmid38589485,
year = {2024},
author = {Serrano, K and Bezrutczyk, M and Goudeau, D and Dao, T and O'Malley, R and Malmstrom, RR and Visel, A and Scheller, HV and Cole, B},
title = {Spatial co-transcriptomics reveals discrete stages of the arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis.},
journal = {Nature plants},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {38589485},
issn = {2055-0278},
support = {DE-AC02-05CH11231//DOE | SC | Biological and Environmental Research (BER)/ ; DE-AC02-05CH11231//DOE | SC | Biological and Environmental Research (BER)/ ; DE-AC02-05CH11231//DOE | SC | Biological and Environmental Research (BER)/ ; DE-AC02-05CH11231//DOE | SC | Biological and Environmental Research (BER)/ ; DE-AC02-05CH11231//DOE | SC | Biological and Environmental Research (BER)/ ; DE-AC02-05CH11231//DOE | SC | Biological and Environmental Research (BER)/ ; DE-AC02-05CH11231//DOE | SC | Biological and Environmental Research (BER)/ ; DE-AC02-05CH11231//DOE | SC | Biological and Environmental Research (BER)/ ; DE-AC02-05CH11231//DOE | SC | Biological and Environmental Research (BER)/ ; },
abstract = {The symbiotic interaction of plants with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi is ancient and widespread. Plants provide AM fungi with carbon in exchange for nutrients and water, making this interaction a prime target for crop improvement. However, plant-fungal interactions are restricted to a small subset of root cells, precluding the application of most conventional functional genomic techniques to study the molecular bases of these interactions. Here we used single-nucleus and spatial RNA sequencing to explore both Medicago truncatula and Rhizophagus irregularis transcriptomes in AM symbiosis at cellular and spatial resolution. Integrated, spatially registered single-cell maps revealed infected and uninfected plant root cell types. We observed that cortex cells exhibit distinct transcriptome profiles during different stages of colonization by AM fungi, indicating dynamic interplay between both organisms during establishment of the cellular interface enabling successful symbiosis. Our study provides insight into a symbiotic relationship of major agricultural and environmental importance and demonstrates a paradigm combining single-cell and spatial transcriptomics for the analysis of complex organismal interactions.},
}
@article {pmid38588812,
year = {2024},
author = {Nascimento da Silva, J and Conceição, CC and Ramos de Brito, GC and Renato de Oliveira Daumas Filho, C and Walter Nuno, AB and Talyuli, OAC and Arcanjo, A and de Oliveira, PL and Moreira, LA and da Silva Vaz, I and Logullo, C},
title = {Immunometabolic crosstalk in Aedes fluviatilis Wolbachia pipientis symbiosis.},
journal = {The Journal of biological chemistry},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {107272},
doi = {10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107272},
pmid = {38588812},
issn = {1083-351X},
abstract = {Wolbachia pipientis is a maternally transmitted symbiotic bacterium that mainly colonizes arthropods, potentially affecting different aspects of the host's physiology, e.g. reproduction, immunity, and metabolism. It has been shown that Wolbachia modulates glycogen metabolism in mosquito Aedes fluviatilis (Ae. fluviatilis). Glycogen synthesis is controlled by the enzyme GSK3, which is also involved in immune responses in both vertebrate and invertebrate organisms. Here we investigated the mechanisms behind immune changes mediated by GSK3β in the symbiosis between Ae. fluviatilis and Wolbachia pipientis using a GSK3β inhibitor or RNAi-mediated gene silencing. GSK3β inhibition or knockdown increased glycogen content and Wolbachia population, together with a reduction in Relish2 (REL2) and gambicin transcripts. Furthermore, knockdown of REL2 or Caspar revealed that the Imd pathway acts to control Wolbachia numbers in the host. In conclusion, we describe for the first time the involvement of GSK3β in Ae. fluviatillis immune response, acting to control the Wolbachia endosymbiotic population.},
}
@article {pmid38587812,
year = {2024},
author = {Dolatabad, HK and Mahjenabadi, VAJ},
title = {Geographical and climatic distribution of lentil-nodulating rhizobia in Iran.},
journal = {FEMS microbiology ecology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/femsec/fiae046},
pmid = {38587812},
issn = {1574-6941},
abstract = {Lentil is one of the most important legumes cultivated in various provinces of Iran. However, there is limited information about the symbiotic rhizobia of lentils in this country. In this study, molecular identification of lentil-nodulating rhizobia was performed based on 16S-23S rRNA intergenic spacer (IGS) and recA, atpD, glnII, and nodC gene sequencing. Using PCR-RFLP analysis of 16S-23S rRNA IGS, a total of 116 rhizobia isolates were classified into 20 groups, leaving seven strains unclustered. Phylogenetic analysis of representative isolates revealed that the rhizobia strains belonged to Rhizobium leguminosarum and Rhizobium laguerreae, and the distribution of the species is partially related to geographical location. R. leguminosarum was the dominant species in North Khorasan and Zanjan, while R. laguerreae prevailed in Ardabil and East Azarbaijan. The distribution of the species was also influenced by agroecological climates; R. leguminosarum thrived in cold semi-arid climates, whereas R. laguerreae adapted to humid continental climates. Both species exhibited equal dominance in the Mediterranean climate, characterized by warm, dry summers and mild, wet winters, in Lorestan and Kohgiluyeh-Boyer Ahmad provinces.},
}
@article {pmid38587196,
year = {2024},
author = {Adams, TL},
title = {Politics, ecologies and professional regulation: The case of British Columbia's Professional Governance Act.},
journal = {The British journal of sociology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/1468-4446.13093},
pmid = {38587196},
issn = {1468-4446},
support = {//Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada/ ; },
abstract = {A variety of theories have been proposed to explain why states pass legislation to regulate professional groups, and why, more recently, they have acted to curtail professional privileges. While these theories have drawn attention to the importance of power dynamics and public protection, among other factors, the role of political interests has been downplayed. This article builds on ecological theory to argue that, with some modifications, the theory illuminates the centrality of state-profession relations and politics to regulatory change. The theory is applied to a case study of regulatory change in British Columbia, Canada impacting resources-sector professions, with particular attention to the controversies and political considerations that shaped reform. The case study suggests that when the political and professions ecologies are overlapping and symbiotic, as they were in BC, a challenge in the political ecology can implicate professions, prompting a solution that brings change within both ecologies.},
}
@article {pmid38586361,
year = {2024},
author = {Chen, H and Liu, H and Sun, Y and Su, M and Lin, J and Wang, J and Lin, J and Zhao, X},
title = {Analysis of fecal microbiota and related clinical indicators in ICU patients with sepsis.},
journal = {Heliyon},
volume = {10},
number = {7},
pages = {e28480},
pmid = {38586361},
issn = {2405-8440},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: To analyze the characteristics of fecal microbiota disturbance in the intensive care unit (ICU) patients with sepsis and the correlation with related clinical indicators.<br><br>METHODS: This study included 31 patients with sepsis admitted to the emergency ICU ward between September 2019 and December 2021. They were divided into Group without septic shock (ND_NS group, 7 cases) and Group with septic shock (ND_S group, 24 cases) according to the presence or absence of septic shock. Furthermore, we divided these 31 sepsis patients into Clinical Improvement group (21 cases) and Death or DAMA group (10 cases) based on clinical outcome, 15 cases of Physical Examiner recruited in the same period were included as control group: ND_HC group (15 cases). The fecal samples of the patients with sepsis within 24&#xa0;h of admission and random fecal samples of the control group were collected and analyzed by 16S rDNA gene sequencing used for the analysis of fecal microbiota. At the same time, the relevant clinical data of these patients with sepsis were also collected for analysis.<br><br>RESULTS: There were 15 cases with drug-resistant bacteria in the ND_S group and only 2 cases in the ND_NS group (P&#xa0;=&#xa0;0.015). There were significant differences in APACHE II score, length of ICU stay, lactate level, and oxygenation index of patients between the Death or DAMA group and Clinical Improvement group (all P&#xa0;<&#xa0;0.05). For phylum level, the abundance of Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, and Bacteroidetes decreased in the ND group compared with the ND_HC group, while the abundance of Proteobacteria increased (P&#xa0;<&#xa0;0.05). For genus level, the relative abundance of Escherichia-Shigella and Klebsiella were significantly increased in the ND group compared with the ND_HC group (P&#xa0;<&#xa0;0.05). The top six genera in relative abundance in the ND_S group were Escherichia-Shigella, Enterococcus, Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, Akkermansia, and Klebsiella. Compared with the Clinical Improvement group, the relative abundance of Escherichia-Shigella and Klebsiella in the Death or DAMA group showed an increasing trend with no significant significance, while the relative abundance of Enterococcus and Faecalibacterium decreased in the Death or DAMA group (P&#xa0;<&#xa0;0.05). Alpha diversity analysis showed that compared with the ND_HC group, the alpha diversity of the fecal microbiota in the ND group decreased. There were significant differences in the Observed_species index, Chao1 index, and ACE index of patients between the ND_HC group and ND group (all P&#xa0;<&#xa0;0.05). Moreover, compared with the ND_NS group, the Alpha diversity of the ND_S group was more abundant. PCoA analysis showed significant differences in microbial community structure between the ND group and ND_HC group (P&#xa0;=&#xa0;0.001). There also were significant differences in microbial community structure between the ND_S group and ND_NS group (P&#xa0;=&#xa0;0.008). LEfSe analysis showed that compared with the ND_HC group, there were significant differences in the species of the ND group, including Enterobacteriaceae, Escherichia-Shigella, Enterococcus, Elizabethkingia, and Family_XIII_AD3011_group.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: ICU patients with sepsis suffered intestinal microecological disturbances with significantly decreased abundance of fecal microbiota, diversity, and beneficial symbiotic bacteria. For these patients, the ratio of pathogenic bacteria, including Escherichia-Shigella and Klebsiella increased and became the main bacterial genus in some samples. Moreover, the increasing trend of these two pathogenic bacteria may be correlated with the development of septic shock and the risk of death in patients with sepsis.},
}
@article {pmid38586336,
year = {2024},
author = {Zhu, H and Zhu, J and Wang, Y and Xi, X and Wang, K and Wang, Y and Ding, R and Li, H},
title = {Osteomyelitis of the femur caused by Metamycoplasma orale in an immunocompromised patient using metagenomic next-generation sequencing: A case report.},
journal = {Heliyon},
volume = {10},
number = {7},
pages = {e28730},
pmid = {38586336},
issn = {2405-8440},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Metamycoplasma orale (M.orale), a symbiotic bacterium observed in the human oral cavity, is generally regarded as non-pathogenic to humans. Although infrequent, symptomatic infections caused by M.orale may occur in individuals with compromised humoral immunity. Accurate identification and early diagnosis of M.orale still present significant challenges due the limitations associated with conventional detection methods. Although metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) is currently widely utilized in clinical practices and exhibits a remarkable specificity and sensitivity for detecting various pathogens, its application in the diagnosis of M.orale-induced osteomyelitis remains largely unexplored.<br><br>CASE DESCRIPTION: In this report, we present a case study of osteonecrosis caused by M.orale in a 20-year-old female patient with nephrotic syndrome and other comorbidities. She was administered long-term hormone therapy and immunosuppressants, leading to her admission to the hospital due to recurrent fever, hip abscess and left thigh pain. Imaging examination revealed bilateral mid-femoral lesions, with the extensive nature of the left femoral lesion suggesting a potential secondary infection. Although no pathogen was detected in pus culture, mNGS analysis identified M.orale in the sample. Following treatment with doxycycline and levofloxacin, the patient's symotoms improved and she was discharged with favorable outcomes.<br><br>CONCLUSION: mNGS enables rapid identification of etiology in patients with osteomyelitis caused by the rare pathogen M.orale. This case accentuate the strength of mNGS for early detection and targeted clinical treatment of infectious diseases caused by uncommon pathogens.},
}
@article {pmid38585921,
year = {2024},
author = {Nishino, T and Mukai, H and Moriyama, M and Hosokawa, T and Tanahashi, M and Tachikawa, S and Nikoh, N and Koga, R and Fukatsu, T},
title = {Defensive fungal symbiosis on insect hindlegs.},
journal = {bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1101/2024.03.25.586038},
pmid = {38585921},
abstract = {Tympanal organs as "insect ears" have evolved repeatedly. Dinidorid stinkbugs were reported to possess a conspicuous tympanal organ on female's hindlegs. Here we report an unexpected discovery that the stinkbug's "tympanal organ" is actually a novel symbiotic organ. The stinkbug's "tympanum" is not membranous but a porous cuticle, where each pore connects to glandular secretory cells. In reproductive females, the hindleg organ is covered with fungal hyphae growing out of the pores. Upon oviposition, the females skillfully transfer the fungi from the organ to the eggs. The eggs are quickly covered with hyphae and physically protected against wasp parasitism. The fungi are mostly benign Cordycipitaceae entomopathogens and show considerable diversity among insect individuals and populations, indicating environmental acquisition of specific fungal associates. These results uncover a novel external fungal symbiosis in which host's elaborate morphological, physiological and behavioral specializations underpin the selective recruitment of benign entomopathogens for a defensive purpose.},
}
@article {pmid38585906,
year = {2024},
author = {Gasser, MT and Liu, A and Altamia, M and Brensinger, BR and Brewer, SL and Flatau, R and Hancock, ER and Preheim, SP and Filone, CM and Distel, DL},
title = {Outer membrane vesicles can contribute to cellulose degradation in Teredinibacter turnerae, a cultivable intracellular endosymbiont of shipworms.},
journal = {bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1101/2024.03.27.587001},
pmid = {38585906},
abstract = {Teredinibacter turnerae is a cultivable cellulolytic Gammaproeteobacterium (Cellvibrionaceae) that commonly occurs as an intracellular endosymbiont in the gills of wood-eating bivalves of the family Teredinidae (shipworms). The genome of T. turnerae encodes a broad range of enzymes that deconstruct cellulose, hemicellulose, and pectin and contribute to lignocellulose digestion in the shipworm gut. However, the mechanism by which symbiont-made enzymes are secreted by T. turnerae and subsequently transported to the site of lignocellulose digestion in the shipworm gut is incompletely understood. Here, we show that T. turnerae cultures grown on carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) produce outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) that contain a variety of proteins identified by LC-MS/MS as carbohydrate-active enzymes with predicted activities against cellulose, hemicellulose, and pectin. Reducing sugar assays and zymography confirm that these OMVs retain cellulolytic activity, as evidenced by hydrolysis of CMC. Additionally, these OMVs were enriched with TonB -dependent receptors, which are essential to carbohydrate and iron acquisition by free-living bacteria. These observations suggest potential roles for OMVs in lignocellulose utilization by T. turnerae in the free-living state, in enzyme transport and host interaction during symbiotic association, and in commercial applications such as lignocellulosic biomass conversion.},
}
@article {pmid38585661,
year = {2024},
author = {Hill, LJ and Messias, CSMA and Vilela, CLS and Garritano, AN and Villela, HDM and do Carmo, FL and Thomas, T and Peixoto, RS},
title = {Bacteria associated with the in hospite Symbiodiniaceae's phycosphere.},
journal = {iScience},
volume = {27},
number = {4},
pages = {109531},
pmid = {38585661},
issn = {2589-0042},
abstract = {Symbiotic interactions between Symbiodiniaceae and bacteria are still poorly explored, especially those in hospite. Here, we adapted a technique that allows for the enrichment of intact and metabolically active in hospite Symbiodiniaceae cells (ihSC) and their associated bacteria from the tissue of the model coral Pocillopora damicornis, using a discontinuous gradient of solution of isotonic Percoll (SIP). The ihSC were concentrated in the 50% SIP fraction, as determined by microscopy. The presence of bacteria associated with ihSC was confirmed by fluorescence in situ hybridization, while microbiome analysis indicated that bacteria of the families Halieaceae, Flavobacteriaceae, and Alcanivoraceae are significantly associated with ihSC. Extracellular vesicles that could be exuding molecules were detected on the symbiosome membranes. Our technique and data contribute to elucidate ihSC-bacteria interactions.},
}
@article {pmid38502533,
year = {2024},
author = {Valente, EEL and Klotz, JL and Markmann, RC and Trotta, RJ and Edwards, JL and May, JB and Harmon, DL},
title = {Levodopa attenuates the feed intake reduction caused by ergot alkaloids in cattle.},
journal = {Journal of animal science},
volume = {102},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/jas/skae078},
pmid = {38502533},
issn = {1525-3163},
abstract = {Consumption of ergot alkaloids from endophyte-infected tall fescue results in losses to the livestock industry in many countries and a means to mitigate these losses is needed. The objective of this study was to evaluate intra-abomasal infusion of the dopamine precursor, levodopa (L-DOPA), on dopamine metabolism, feed intake, and serum metabolites of steers exposed to ergot alkaloids. Twelve Holstein steers (344.9 ± 9.48 kg) fitted with ruminal cannula were housed with a cycle of heat challenge during the daytime (32 °C) and thermoneutral at night (25 °C). The steers received a basal diet of alfalfa cubes containing equal amounts of tall fescue seed composed of a mixture of endophyte-free (E-) or endophyte-infected tall fescue seeds (E+) equivalent to 15 µg ergovaline/kg body weight (BW) for 9 d followed by intra-abomasal infusion of water (L-DOPA-) or levodopa (L-DOPA+; 2 mg/kg BW) for an additional 9 d. Afterward, the steers were pair-fed for 5 d to conduct a glucose tolerance test. The E+ treatment decreased (P = 0.005) prolactin by approximately 50%. However, prolactin increased (P = 0.050) with L-DOPA+. Steers receiving E+ decreased (P < 0.001) dry matter intake (DMI); however, when supplemented with L-DOPA+ the decrease in DMI was less severe (L-DOPA × E, P = 0.003). Also, L-DOPA+ infusion increased eating duration (L-DOPA × E, P = 0.012) when steers were receiving E+. The number of meals, meal duration, and intake rate were not affected (P > 0.05) by E+ or L-DOPA+. The L-DOPA+ infusion increased (P < 0.05) free L-DOPA, free dopamine, total L-DOPA, and total dopamine. Conversely, free epinephrine and free norepinephrine decreased (P < 0.05) with L-DOPA+. Total epinephrine and total norepinephrine were not affected (P > 0.05) by L-DOPA+. Ergot alkaloids did not affect (P > 0.05) circulating free or total L-DOPA, dopamine, or epinephrine. However, free and total norepinephrine decreased (P = 0.046) with E+. Glucose clearance rates at 15 to 30 min after glucose infusion increased with L-DOPA+ (P < 0.001), but not with E+ (P = 0.280). Administration of L-DOPA as an agonist therapy to treat fescue toxicosis provided a moderate increase in DMI and eating time and increased plasma glucose clearance for cattle dosed with E+ seed.},
}
@article {pmid38585410,
year = {2024},
author = {Asomadu, RO and Ezeorba, TPC and Ezike, TC and Uzoechina, JO},
title = {Exploring the antioxidant potential of endophytic fungi: a review on methods for extraction and quantification of total antioxidant capacity (TAC).},
journal = {3 Biotech},
volume = {14},
number = {5},
pages = {127},
pmid = {38585410},
issn = {2190-572X},
abstract = {Endophytic fungi have emerged as a significant source of natural products with remarkable bioactivities. Recent research has identified numerous antioxidant molecules among the secondary metabolites of endophytic fungi. These organisms, whether unicellular or micro-multicellular, offer the potential for genetic manipulation to enhance the production of these valuable antioxidant compounds, which hold promise for promoting health, vitality, and various biotechnological applications. In this study, we provide a critical review of methods for extracting, purifying, characterizing, and estimating the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of endophytic fungi metabolites. While many endophytes produce metabolites similar to those found in plants with established symbiotic associations, we also highlight the existence of novel metabolites with potential scientific interest. Additionally, we discuss how advancements in nanotechnology have opened new avenues for exploring nanoformulations of endophytic metabolites in future studies, offering opportunities for diverse biological and industrial applications.},
}
@article {pmid38584356,
year = {2024},
author = {Marzonie, MR and Nitschke, MR and Bay, LK and Bourne, DG and Harrison, HB},
title = {Symbiodiniaceae diversity varies by host and environment across thermally distinct reefs.},
journal = {Molecular ecology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e17342},
doi = {10.1111/mec.17342},
pmid = {38584356},
issn = {1365-294X},
support = {DNP-MPA-1718-006//Parks Australia/ ; //American Australian Association/ ; },
abstract = {Endosymbiotic dinoflagellates (Symbiodiniaceae) influence coral thermal tolerance at both local and regional scales. In isolation, the effects of host genetics, environment, and thermal disturbances on symbiont communities are well understood, yet their combined effects remain poorly resolved. Here, we investigate Symbiodiniaceae across 1300 km in Australia's Coral Sea Marine Park to disentangle these interactive effects. We identified Symbiodiniaceae to species-level resolution for three coral species (Acropora cf humilis, Pocillopora verrucosa, and Pocillopora meandrina) by sequencing two genetic markers of the symbiont (ITS2 and psbA[ncr]), paired with genotype-by-sequencing of the coral host (DArT-seq). Our samples predominantly returned sequences from the genus Cladocopium, where Acropora cf humilis affiliated with C3k, Pocillopora verrucosa with C. pacificum, and Pocillopora meandrina with C. latusorum. Multivariate analyses revealed that Acropora symbionts were driven strongly by local environment and thermal disturbances. In contrast, Pocillopora symbiont communities were both partitioned 2.5-fold more by host genetic structure than by environmental structure. Among the two Pocillopora species, the effects of environment and host genetics explained four times more variation in symbionts for P. meandrina than P. verrucosa. The concurrent bleaching event in 2020 had variable impacts on symbiont communities, consistent with patterns in P. verrucosa and A. cf humilis, but not P. meandrina. Our findings demonstrate how symbiont macroscale community structure responses to environmental gradients depend on host species and their respective population structure. Integrating host, symbiont, and environmental data will help forecast the adaptive potential of corals and their symbionts amidst a rapidly changing environment.},
}
@article {pmid38583850,
year = {2024},
author = {Hassler, V and Brand, N and Wefers, D},
title = {Isolation and characterization of exopolysaccharides from kombucha samples of different origins.},
journal = {International journal of biological macromolecules},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {131377},
doi = {10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131377},
pmid = {38583850},
issn = {1879-0003},
abstract = {Kombucha is prepared by fermenting sugared green or black tea with a symbiotic culture of bacteria and yeast (SCOBY). Some of the bacteria within the SCOBY are known to form exopolysaccharides (EPS) from sucrose. However, it is yet unknown whether EPS are formed in kombucha, and if so, which specific EPS are present. Therefore, different kombucha samples were prepared by fermentation of green and black tea with SCOBYs from different manufacturers. Subsequently, the EPS were isolated and characterized by using various chromatographic methods, partial enzymatic hydrolyses and NMR spectroscopy. It was demonstrated that levans with a varying degree of branching at position O1 (4.3-7.9 %) are present, while only trace amounts of glucans were detected. Furthermore, levans isolated from kombucha had a comparably low molecular weight and the content of levan within the kombucha samples varied from 33 to 562 mg levan/L kombucha. Therefore, our study demonstrated that levans are the main EPS type in kombucha and that levan amounts and structures varied when different starter cultures and ingredients were used. Furthermore, we provide a comprehensive data set on the structural variability of levans from kombucha.},
}
@article {pmid38583677,
year = {2024},
author = {Guo, G and Wang, Z and Lu, C and Xu, W and Lu, B and Zhao, Y},
title = {Removal of antibiotics by four microalgae-based systems for swine wastewater treatment under different phytohormone treatment.},
journal = {Bioresource technology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {130668},
doi = {10.1016/j.biortech.2024.130668},
pmid = {38583677},
issn = {1873-2976},
abstract = {This study examined the removal of typical antibiotics from simulated swine wastewater. Microalgae-bacteria/fungi symbioses were constructed using Chlorella ellipsoidea, endophytic bacteria (S395-2), and Clonostachys rosea as biomaterials. The growth, photosynthetic performance, and removal of three types of antibiotics (tetracyclines, sulfonamides, and quinolones) induced by four phytohormones were analyzed in each system. The results showed that all four phytohormones effectively improved the tolerance of symbiotic strains against antibiotic stress; strigolactones (GR24) achieved the best performance. At 10[-9] M, GR24 achieved the best removal of antibiotics by C. elliptica + S395-2 + C. rosea symbiosis. The average removals of tetracycline, sulfonamide, and quinolone by this system reached 96.2-99.4 %, 75.2-81.1 %, and 66.8-69.9 %, respectively. The results of this study help to develop appropriate bio enhancement strategies as well as design and operate algal-bacterial-fungal symbiotic processes for the treatment of antibiotics-containing wastewater.},
}
@article {pmid38582687,
year = {2024},
author = {Zeng, H and Chen, H and Zhang, M and Ding, M and Xu, F and Yan, F and Kinoshita, T and Zhu, Y},
title = {Plasma membrane H[+]-ATPases in mineral nutrition and crop improvement.},
journal = {Trends in plant science},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.tplants.2024.02.010},
pmid = {38582687},
issn = {1878-4372},
abstract = {Plasma membrane H[+]-ATPases (PMAs) pump H[+] out of the cytoplasm by consuming ATP to generate a membrane potential and proton motive force for the transmembrane transport of nutrients into and out of plant cells. PMAs are involved in nutrient acquisition by regulating root growth, nutrient uptake, and translocation, as well as the establishment of symbiosis with arbuscular mycorrhizas. Under nutrient stresses, PMAs are activated to pump more H[+] and promote organic anion excretion, thus improving nutrient availability in the rhizosphere. Herein we review recent progress in the physiological functions and the underlying molecular mechanisms of PMAs in the efficient acquisition and utilization of various nutrients in plants. We also discuss perspectives for the application of PMAs in improving crop production and quality.},
}
@article {pmid38581668,
year = {2024},
author = {Ding, Y and Wang, T and Gasciolli, V and Reyt, G and Remblière, C and Marcel, F and François, T and Bendahmane, A and He, G and Bono, JJ and Lefebvre, B},
title = {The LysM receptor-like kinase SlLYK10 controls lipochitooligosaccharide signaling in inner cell layers of tomato roots.},
journal = {Plant &amp; cell physiology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/pcp/pcae035},
pmid = {38581668},
issn = {1471-9053},
support = {32100241//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; cstc2021jcyj-cxttx0004//Foundation for Innovative Research Groups of the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing/ ; ANR-10-LABX-40-SPS ANR-10-LABX-41 ANR-16-CE20-0025-01 ANR-18-EURE-0019//Agence Nationale de la Recherche/ ; },
abstract = {Establishment of arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) relies on a plant signaling pathway that can be activated by fungal chitinic signals such as short chain chitooligosaccharides (CO) and lipo-chitooligosaccharides (LCOs). The tomato LysM receptor-like kinase (LysM RLK) SlLYK10 has high affinity for LCOs and is involved in root colonization by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), however its role in LCO responses has not yet been studied. Here, we show that SlLYK10 proteins produced by the Sllyk10-1 and Sllyk10-2 mutant alleles, which both cause decreases in AMF colonization, and carry mutations in LysM1 and 2 respectively, have similar LCO binding affinities compared to the WT SlLYK10. However, the mutant forms were no longer able to induce cell death in Nicotiana benthamiana when co-expressed with MtLYK3, a Medicago truncatula LCO co-receptor, while they physically interacted with MtLYK3 in co-purification experiments. This suggests that the LysM mutations affect the ability of SlLYK10 to trigger signaling through a potential co-receptor rather than its ability to bind LCOs. Interestingly, tomato lines that contain a calcium (Ca2+) concentration reporter (Genetically Encoded Ca2+ indicators, GECO), showed Ca2+ spiking in response to LCO applications, but this occurred only in inner cell layers of the roots, while short chain COs also induced Ca2+ spiking in the epidermis. Moreover, LCO-induced Ca2+spiking was decreased in Sllyk10-1*GECO plants, suggesting that the decrease in AMF colonization in Sllyk10-1 is due to abnormal LCO signaling.},
}
@article {pmid38581203,
year = {2024},
author = {Lofgren, L and Nguyen, NH and Kennedy, P and Pérez-Pazos, E and Fletcher, J and Liao, HL and Wang, H and Zhang, K and Ruytinx, J and Smith, AH and Ke, YH and Cotter, HVT and Engwall, E and Hameed, KM and Vilgalys, R and Branco, S},
title = {Suillus: an emerging model for the study of ectomycorrhizal ecology and evolution.},
journal = {The New phytologist},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/nph.19700},
pmid = {38581203},
issn = {1469-8137},
support = {T32-AI052080/NH/NIH HHS/United States ; },
abstract = {Research on mycorrhizal symbiosis has been slowed by a lack of established study systems. To address this challenge, we have been developing Suillus, a widespread ecologically and economically relevant fungal genus primarily associated with the plant family Pinaceae, into a model system for studying ectomycorrhizal (ECM) associations. Over the last decade, we have compiled extensive genomic resources, culture libraries, a phenotype database, and protocols for manipulating Suillus fungi with and without their tree partners. Our efforts have already resulted in a large number of publicly available genomes, transcriptomes, and respective annotations, as well as advances in our understanding of mycorrhizal partner specificity and host communication, fungal and plant nutrition, environmental adaptation, soil nutrient cycling, interspecific competition, and biological invasions. Here, we highlight the most significant recent findings enabled by Suillus, present a suite of protocols for working with the genus, and discuss how Suillus is emerging as an important model to elucidate the ecology and evolution of ECM interactions.},
}
@article {pmid38579464,
year = {2024},
author = {Han, Z and Deng, X},
title = {The impact of cross-regional social and ecological interactions on ecosystem service synergies.},
journal = {Journal of environmental management},
volume = {357},
number = {},
pages = {120671},
doi = {10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120671},
pmid = {38579464},
issn = {1095-8630},
abstract = {Increasing socioecological systems (SESs) sustainability requires establishing a reasonable cross-regional social and ecological interaction. In this study, we examine how cross-regional ecological and social interactions affect synergistic effects. Using InVEST and correlation analysis with data from 2010 through 2020, we assessed ESs (i.e., water retention-WR, nutrient retention-NR, and carbon storage-CS) in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) region. A small watershed, a river network, and settlement development capacity are used to delineate ecological and social interactions units. Based on a Bayesian network model that considers population, economy, and spatial agglomeration patterns between social units, we assessed the potential for achieving a synergistic improvement of ESs and the driving forces behind them. The results show that ESs in the BTH region compete, only a small percentage (6.38%) shows synergetic improvement across CS, WR, and NR. It is beneficial for upstream watersheds to retain water and nutrients, but to maintain carbon storage they may sacrifice water retention. Upstream areas with less development and higher vegetation density have better ecosystem integrity of up- and down-stream watersheds, and can be enhanced with minimal human impact, as social interactions and settlement spatial structures influence ES synergies. There is a higher risk for ecological issues in downstream areas, but greater awareness and collaboration can lead to better ES synergies.},
}
@article {pmid38578728,
year = {2024},
author = {McFall-Ngai, M},
title = {Symbiosis takes a front and center role in biology.},
journal = {PLoS biology},
volume = {22},
number = {4},
pages = {e3002571},
pmid = {38578728},
issn = {1545-7885},
mesh = {Animals ; *Symbiosis ; *Plants ; Biology ; },
abstract = {All animals and plants likely require interactions with microbes, often in strong, persistent symbiotic associations. While the recognition of this phenomenon has been slow in coming, it will impact most, if not all, subdisciplines of biology.},
}
@article {pmid38578148,
year = {2024},
author = {Xie, Z and Kim, C and Miller, MJ and Jin, YS},
title = {Effects of 2'-fucosyllactose on the viability of starter cultures and Bifidobacterium strains of human origin in yogurt during refrigerated storage.},
journal = {Journal of food science},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/1750-3841.16996},
pmid = {38578148},
issn = {1750-3841},
abstract = {2'-Fucosyllactose (2'-FL) is postulated to provide health benefits and promote the growth of probiotics. This work was undertaken to study the effects of 2'-FL on the viability of starter cultures and Bifidobacterium strains of human origin in yogurt during refrigerated storage. Yogurts were produced containing 2'-FL (0 or 2 g/L) and Bifidobacterium strains of human origin (Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum BB536 or Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis ATCC 15697) at a concentration of at least 10[9] CFU/mL. All yogurts were stored at 4°C for 5 weeks. Results showed that 2'-FL was stable in yogurts for at least 5 weeks of cold storage, and the addition of 2'-FL did not significantly alter yogurt fermentation parameters, associated metabolites, and the viability of mixed yogurt starter cultures and Bifidobacterium strains (p > 0.05). The addition of bifidobacteria had a negative impact (p < 0.05) on the survival rate of starter cultures, Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus delbureckii subsp. bulgaricus. Meanwhile, it is difficult to maintain a high survival rate of bifidobacteria in final yogurt products, and the addition of 2'-FL could not enhance the viability of bifidobacteria. B. longum BB536 survived at a level higher than 10[6] CFU/g for 28 days, while B. infantis ATCC15697 maintained this level for only 7 days. In summary, this study has shown the impact of 2'-FL and bifidobacterial species on yogurt properties, and results suggest that it is promising to use 2'-FL in yogurt products as a prebiotic. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Yogurt is known for its beneficial effects on human health and nutrition. This study reported the production of symbiotic yogurt containing bifidobacteria and 2'-fucosyllactose (2'-FL) as a functional food for specified health uses. The viability of yogurt starter cultures and probiotic bifidobacterial strains was analyzed in this study. Moreover, this research demonstrated that 2'-FL could be added to yogurt without affecting the characteristics of yogurt significantly.},
}
@article {pmid38577764,
year = {2024},
author = {Garber, AI and Garcia de la Filia Molina, A and Vea, I and Mongue, AJ and Ross, L and McCutcheon, JP},
title = {Retention of an endosymbiont for the production of a single molecule.},
journal = {Genome biology and evolution},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/gbe/evae075},
pmid = {38577764},
issn = {1759-6653},
abstract = {Sap-feeding insects often maintain two or more nutritional endosymbionts which act in concert to produce compounds essential for insect survival. Many mealybugs have endosymbionts in a nested configuration: one or two bacterial species reside within the cytoplasm of another bacterium, and together these bacteria have genomes which encode interdependent sets of genes needed to produce key nutritional molecules. Here we show that the mealybug Pseudococcus viburni has three endosymbionts, one of which contributes only two unique genes that produce the host nutrition-related molecule chorismate. All three bacterial endosymbionts have tiny genomes, suggesting that they have been co-evolving inside their insect host for millions of years.},
}
@article {pmid38577158,
year = {2024},
author = {Veselovsky, VA and Boldyreva, DI and Olekhnovich, EI and Klimina, KM and Babenko, VV and Zakharevich, NV and Larin, AK and Morozov, MD and Zoruk, PY and Sergiev, PV and Dontsova, OA and Maev, IV and Novik, TS and Kotlobay, AA and Lazarev, VN and Lagarkova, MA},
title = {Effect of the consumption of brazzein and monellin, two recombinant sweet-tasting proteins, on rat gut microbiota.},
journal = {Frontiers in nutrition},
volume = {11},
number = {},
pages = {1362529},
pmid = {38577158},
issn = {2296-861X},
abstract = {Sweet-tasting proteins (SPs) are proteins of plant origin initially isolated from tropical fruits. They are thousands of times sweeter than sucrose and most artificial sweeteners. SPs are a class of proteins capable of causing a sweet taste sensation in humans when interacting with the T1R2/T1R3 receptor. SP thaumatin has already been introduced in the food industry in some countries. Other SPs, such as monellin and brazzein, are promising products. An important stage in researching SPs, in addition to confirming the absence of toxicity, mutagenicity, oncogenicity, and allergenic effects, is studying their influence on gut microbiota. In this paper we describe changes in the composition of rat gut microbiota after six months of consuming one of two recombinant SPs-brazzein or monellin. A full length 16S gene sequencing method was used for DNA library barcoding. The MaAsLin2 analysis results showed noticeable fluctuations in the relative abundances of Anaerocella delicata in brazzein-fed rat microbiota, and of Anaerutruncus rubiinfantis in monellin-fed rat microbiota, which, however, did not exceed the standard deviation. The sucrose-fed group was associated with an increase in the relative abundance of Faecalibaculum rodentium, which may contribute to obesity. Overall, prolonged consumption of the sweet proteins brazzein and monellin did not significantly change rat microbiota and did not result in the appearance of opportunistic microbiota. This provides additional evidence for the safety of these potential sweeteners.},
}
@article {pmid38576433,
year = {2024},
author = {Chen, B and Shi, Y and Sun, Y and Lu, L and Wang, L and Liu, Z and Cheng, S},
title = {Innovations in functional genomics and molecular breeding of pea: exploring advances and opportunities.},
journal = {aBIOTECH},
volume = {5},
number = {1},
pages = {71-93},
pmid = {38576433},
issn = {2662-1738},
abstract = {The garden pea (Pisum sativum L.) is a significant cool-season legume, serving as crucial food sources, animal feed, and industrial raw materials. The advancement of functional genomics over the past two decades has provided substantial theoretical foundations and progress to pea breeding. Notably, the release of the pea reference genome has enhanced our understanding of plant architecture, symbiotic nitrogen fixation (SNF), flowering time, floral organ development, seed development, and stress resistance. However, a considerable gap remains between pea functional genomics and molecular breeding. This review summarizes the current advancements in pea functional genomics and breeding while highlighting the future challenges in pea molecular breeding.},
}
@article {pmid38576431,
year = {2024},
author = {Qiao, L and Lin, J and Suzaki, T and Liang, P},
title = {Staying hungry: a roadmap to harnessing central regulators of symbiotic nitrogen fixation under fluctuating nitrogen availability.},
journal = {aBIOTECH},
volume = {5},
number = {1},
pages = {107-113},
pmid = {38576431},
issn = {2662-1738},
abstract = {Legumes have evolved specific inventions to enhance nitrogen (N) acquisition by establishing symbiotic interactions with N-fixing rhizobial bacteria. Because symbiotic N fixation is energetically costly, legumes have developed sophisticated mechanisms to ensure carbon-nitrogen balance, in a variable environment, both locally and at the whole plant level, by monitoring nodule number, nodule development, and nodular nitrogenase activity, as well as controlling nodule senescence. Studies of the autoregulation of nodulation and regulation of nodulation by nodule inception (NIN) and NIN-LIKE PROTEINs (NLPs) have provided great insights into the genetic mechanisms underlying the nitrate-induced regulation of root nodulation for adapting to N availability in the rhizosphere. However, many aspects of N-induced pleiotropic regulation remain to be fully explained, such as N-triggered senescence in mature nodules. Wang et al. determined that this process is governed by a transcriptional network regulated by NAC-type transcription factors. Characterization and dissection of these soybean nitrogen-associated NAPs (SNAPs) transcription factor-mastered networks have yielded a roadmap for exploring how legumes rewire nodule functions across a range of N levels, laying the foundation for enhancing the growth of N-deprived crops in agricultural settings.},
}
@article {pmid38575584,
year = {2024},
author = {Messer, LF and Bourne, DG and Robbins, SJ and Clay, M and Bell, SC and McIlroy, SJ and Tyson, GW},
title = {A genome-centric view of the role of the Acropora kenti microbiome in coral health and resilience.},
journal = {Nature communications},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {2902},
pmid = {38575584},
issn = {2041-1723},
abstract = {Microbial diversity has been extensively explored in reef-building corals. However, the functional roles of coral-associated microorganisms remain poorly elucidated. Here, we recover 191 bacterial and 10 archaeal metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) from the coral Acropora kenti (formerly A. tenuis) and adjacent seawater, to identify microbial functions and metabolic interactions within the holobiont. We show that 82 MAGs were specific to the A. kenti holobiont, including members of the Pseudomonadota, Bacteroidota, and Desulfobacterota. A. kenti-specific MAGs displayed significant differences in their genomic features and functional potential relative to seawater-specific MAGs, with a higher prevalence of genes involved in host immune system evasion, nitrogen and carbon fixation, and synthesis of five essential B-vitamins. We find a diversity of A. kenti-specific MAGs encode the biosynthesis of essential amino acids, such as tryptophan, histidine, and lysine, which cannot be de novo synthesised by the host or Symbiodiniaceae. Across a water quality gradient spanning 2° of latitude, A. kenti microbial community composition is correlated to increased temperature and dissolved inorganic nitrogen, with corresponding enrichment in molecular chaperones, nitrate reductases, and a heat-shock protein. We reveal mechanisms of A. kenti-microbiome-symbiosis on the Great Barrier Reef, highlighting the interactions underpinning the health of this keystone holobiont.},
}
@article {pmid38575565,
year = {2024},
author = {Qiao, M and Sun, R and Wang, Z and Dumack, K and Xie, X and Dai, C and Wang, E and Zhou, J and Sun, B and Peng, X and Bonkowski, M and Chen, Y},
title = {Legume rhizodeposition promotes nitrogen fixation by soil microbiota under crop diversification.},
journal = {Nature communications},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {2924},
pmid = {38575565},
issn = {2041-1723},
support = {41977098//National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China)/ ; },
abstract = {Biological nitrogen fixation by free-living bacteria and rhizobial symbiosis with legumes plays a key role in sustainable crop production. Here, we study how different crop combinations influence the interaction between peanut plants and their rhizosphere microbiota via metabolite deposition and functional responses of free-living and symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria. Based on a long-term (8 year) diversified cropping field experiment, we find that peanut co-cultured with maize and oilseed rape lead to specific changes in peanut rhizosphere metabolite profiles and bacterial functions and nodulation. Flavonoids and coumarins accumulate due to the activation of phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathways in peanuts. These changes enhance the growth and nitrogen fixation activity of free-living bacterial isolates, and root nodulation by symbiotic Bradyrhizobium isolates. Peanut plant root metabolites interact with Bradyrhizobium isolates contributing to initiate nodulation. Our findings demonstrate that tailored intercropping could be used to improve soil nitrogen availability through changes in the rhizosphere microbiome and its functions.},
}
@article {pmid38574729,
year = {2024},
author = {Zhang, J and Sun, J and Chiu, CH and Landry, D and Li, K and Wen, J and Mysore, KS and Fort, S and Lefebvre, B and Oldroyd, GED and Feng, F},
title = {A receptor required for chitin perception facilitates arbuscular mycorrhizal associations and distinguishes root symbiosis from immunity.},
journal = {Current biology : CB},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.cub.2024.03.015},
pmid = {38574729},
issn = {1879-0445},
abstract = {Plants establish symbiotic associations with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) to facilitate nutrient uptake, particularly in nutrient-limited conditions. This partnership is rooted in the plant's ability to recognize fungal signaling molecules, such as chitooligosaccharides (chitin) and lipo-chitooligosaccharides. In the legume Medicago truncatula, chitooligosaccharides trigger both symbiotic and immune responses via the same lysin-motif-receptor-like kinases (LysM-RLKs), notably CERK1 and LYR4. The nature of plant-fungal engagement is opposite according to the outcomes of immunity or symbiosis signaling, and as such, discrimination is necessary, which is challenged by the dual roles of CERK1/LYR4 in both processes. Here, we describe a LysM-RLK, LYK8, that is functionally redundant with CERK1 for mycorrhizal colonization but is not involved in chitooligosaccharides-induced immunity. Genetic mutation of both LYK8 and CERK1 blocks chitooligosaccharides-triggered symbiosis signaling, as well as mycorrhizal colonization, but shows no further impact on immunity signaling triggered by chitooligosaccharides, compared with the mutation of CERK1 alone. LYK8 interacts with CERK1 and forms a receptor complex that appears essential for chitooligosaccharides activation of symbiosis signaling, with the lyk8/cerk1 double mutant recapitulating the impact of mutations in the symbiosis signaling pathway. We conclude that this novel receptor complex allows chitooligosaccharides activation specifically of symbiosis signaling and helps the plant to differentiate between activation of these opposing signaling processes.},
}
@article {pmid38574431,
year = {2024},
author = {Cunha, ICMD and Silva, AVRD and Boleta, EHM and Pellegrinetti, TA and Zagatto, LFG and Zagatto, SDSS and Chaves, MG and Mendes, R and Patreze, CM and Tsai, SM and Mendes, LW},
title = {The interplay between the inoculation of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria and the rhizosphere microbiome and their impact on plant phenotype.},
journal = {Microbiological research},
volume = {283},
number = {},
pages = {127706},
doi = {10.1016/j.micres.2024.127706},
pmid = {38574431},
issn = {1618-0623},
abstract = {Microbial inoculation stands as a pivotal strategy, fostering symbiotic relationships between beneficial microorganisms and plants, thereby enhancing nutrient uptake, bolstering resilience against environmental stressors, and ultimately promoting healthier and more productive plant growth. However, while the advantageous roles of inoculants are widely acknowledged, the precise and nuanced impacts of inoculation on the intricate interactions of the rhizosphere microbiome remain significantly underexplored. This study explores the impact of bacterial inoculation on soil properties, plant growth, and the rhizosphere microbiome. By employing various bacterial strains and a synthetic community (SynCom) as inoculants in common bean plants, the bacterial and fungal communities in the rhizosphere were assessed through 16 S rRNA and ITS gene sequencing. Concurrently, soil chemical parameters, plant traits, and gene expression were evaluated. The findings revealed that bacterial inoculation generally decreased pH and V%, while increasing H+Al and m% in the rhizosphere. It also decreased gene expression in plants related to detoxification, photosynthesis, and defense mechanisms, while enhancing bacterial diversity in the rhizosphere, potentially benefiting plant health. Specific bacterial strains showed varied impacts on rhizosphere microbiome assembly, predominantly affecting rhizospheric bacteria more than fungi, indirectly influencing soil conditions and plants. Notably, Paenibacillus polymyxa inoculation improved plant nitrogen (by 5.2%) and iron levels (by 28.1%), whereas Bacillus cereus boosted mycorrhization rates (by 70%). Additionally, inoculation led to increased complexity in network interactions within the rhizosphere (∼15%), potentially impacting plant health. Overall, the findings highlight the significant impact of introducing bacteria to the rhizosphere, enhancing nutrient availability, microbial diversity, and fostering beneficial plant-microbe interactions.},
}
@article {pmid38574064,
year = {2024},
author = {Li, Y and Wu, L},
title = {Multi-group symbiotic evolutionary mechanisms of a digital innovation ecosystem: Numerical simulation and case study.},
journal = {PloS one},
volume = {19},
number = {4},
pages = {e0300218},
pmid = {38574064},
issn = {1932-6203},
abstract = {In the digital innovation ecosystem, the symbiosis mode formed between ecosystem members not only relates to their survival and development but also affects the ecosystem's symbiosis evolution mechanism. Based on symbiosis theory, this study first explores the evolutionary equilibrium strategy and its stability for three types of populations-core enterprises, digital platforms, and university research institutes-and then uses numerical simulation and a case study to explore the symbiotic evolution mechanism of the digital innovation ecosystem. The results show that: First, the digital innovation ecosystem is a complex adaptive system in which the three types of populations form different symbiotic relationships under different symbiotic modes and conduct symbiotic activities, such as value co-creation, to characterize the unique symbiotic evolutionary structure. Second, in this ecosystem, the symbiotic relationship formed by the combined values of different symbiotic coefficients between populations determines the outcome of symbiotic evolution. Third, the ideal direction of the evolution of the digital innovation ecosystem is a mutually beneficial symbiotic relationship. Thus, the symbiotic relationship between populations should be transformed into a mutually beneficial symbiotic relationships as much as possible. This study makes theoretical contributions by shedding light on the symbiotic evolution mechanism of the digital innovation ecosystem. It also offers countermeasures for the digital innovation cooperation of various stakeholders in China's digital innovation ecosystem.},
}
@article {pmid38573881,
year = {2024},
author = {Jenkins, BH},
title = {Mutualism on the edge: Understanding the Paramecium-Chlorella symbiosis.},
journal = {PLoS biology},
volume = {22},
number = {4},
pages = {e3002563},
pmid = {38573881},
issn = {1545-7885},
abstract = {Exploring the mechanisms that underpin symbiosis requires an understanding of how these complex interactions are maintained in diverse model systems. The ciliate protist, Paramecium bursaria, offers a valuable insight into how emergent endosymbiotic interactions have evolved.},
}
@article {pmid38573536,
year = {2024},
author = {Ben Gaied, R and Sbissi, I and Tarhouni, M and Brígido, C},
title = {Enhancing Pisum sativum growth and symbiosis under heat stress: the synergistic impact of co-inoculated bacterial consortia and ACC deaminase-lacking Rhizobium.},
journal = {Archives of microbiology},
volume = {206},
number = {5},
pages = {203},
pmid = {38573536},
issn = {1432-072X},
mesh = {Symbiosis ; *Rhizobium/genetics ; Pisum sativum ; Bacteria ; *Fabaceae ; Endophytes/genetics ; Vegetables ; Heat-Shock Response ; *Carbon-Carbon Lyases ; },
abstract = {The 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase is a crucial bacterial trait, yet it is not widely distributed among rhizobia. Hence, employing a co-inoculation approach that combines selected plant growth-promoting bacteria with compatible rhizobial strains, especially those lacking ACC deaminase, presents a practical solution to alleviate the negative effects of diverse abiotic stresses on legume nodulation. Our objective was to explore the efficacy of three non-rhizobial endophytes, Phyllobacterium salinisoli (PH), Starkeya sp. (ST) and Pseudomonas turukhanskensis (PS), isolated from native legumes grown in Tunisian arid regions, in improving the growth of cool-season legume and fostering symbiosis with an ACC deaminase-lacking rhizobial strain under heat stress. Various combinations of these endophytes (ST + PS, ST + PH, PS + PH, and ST + PS + PH) were co-inoculated with Rhizobium leguminosarum 128C53 or its ΔacdS mutant derivative on Pisum sativum plants exposed to a two-week heat stress period.Our findings revealed that the absence of ACC deaminase activity negatively impacted both pea growth and symbiosis under heat stress. Nevertheless, these detrimental effects were successfully mitigated in plants co-inoculated with ΔacdS mutant strain and specific non-rhizobial endophytes consortia. Our results indicated that heat stress significantly altered the phenolic content of pea root exudates. Despite this, there was no impact on IAA production. Interestingly, these changes positively influenced biofilm formation in consortia containing the mutant strain, indicating synergistic bacteria-bacteria interactions. Additionally, no positive effects were observed when these endophytic consortia were combined with the wild-type strain. This study highlights the potential of non-rhizobial endophytes to improve symbiotic performance of rhizobial strains lacking genetic mechanisms to mitigate stress effects on their legume host, holding promising potential to enhance the growth and yield of targeted legumes by boosting symbiosis.},
}
@article {pmid38572243,
year = {2024},
author = {Wei, L and Pan, Y and Guo, Y and Zhu, Y and Jin, H and Gu, Y and Li, C and Wang, Y and Lin, J and Chen, Y and Ke, C and Xu, L},
title = {Symbiotic combination of Akkermansia muciniphila and inosine alleviates alcohol-induced liver injury by modulating gut dysbiosis and immune responses.},
journal = {Frontiers in microbiology},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1355225},
pmid = {38572243},
issn = {1664-302X},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is exacerbated by disruptions in intestinal microecology and immune imbalances within the gut-liver axis. The present study assesses the therapeutic potential of combining Akkermansia muciniphila (A. muciniphila) with inosine in alleviating alcohol-induced liver injury.<br><br>METHODS: Male C57BL/6 mice, subjected to a Lieber-DeCarli diet with 5% alcohol for 4&#x2009;weeks, served as the alcoholic liver injury model. Various analyzes, including quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), ELISA, immunochemistry, 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and flow cytometry, were employed to evaluate liver injury parameters, intestinal barrier function, microbiota composition, and immune responses.<br><br>RESULTS: Compared to the model group, the A. muciniphila and inosine groups exhibited significantly decreased alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) levels, reduced hepatic fat deposition and neutrophil infiltration, alleviated oxidative stress and inflammation, and increased expression of intestinal tight junction proteins (Claudin-1, Occludin, and ZO-1). These effects were further pronounced in the A. muciniphila and inosine combination group compared to individual treatments. While alcohol feeding induced intestinal dysbiosis and gut barrier disruption, the combined treatment reduced the abundance of harmful bacteria (Oscillibacter, Escherichia/Shigella, and Alistipes) induced by alcohol consumption, promoting the growth of butyrate-producing bacteria (Akkermansia, Lactobacillus, and Clostridium IV). Flow cytometry revealed that alcohol consumption reduced T regulatory (Treg) populations while increasing those of T-helper (Th) 1 and Th17, which were restored by A. muciniphila combined with inosine treatment. Moreover, A. muciniphila and inosine combination increased the expression levels of intestinal CD39, CD73, and adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) along with enhanced proportions of CD4[+]CD39[+]Treg and CD4[+]CD73[+]Treg cells in the liver and spleen. The A2AR antagonist KW6002, blocked the beneficial effects of the A. muciniphila and inosine combination on liver injury in ALD mice.<br><br>CONCLUSION: This study reveals that the combination of A. muciniphila and inosine holds promise for ameliorating ALD by enhancing the gut ecosystem, improving intestinal barrier function, upregulating A2AR, CD73, and CD39 expression, modulating Treg cells functionality, and regulating the imbalance of Treg/Th17/Th1 cells, and these beneficial effects are partly A2AR-dependent.},
}
@article {pmid38571805,
year = {2024},
author = {Shi, B and Wang, X and Yang, S and Chen, H and Zhao, Y and Shen, J and Xie, M and Huang, B},
title = {Changes and driving factors of microbial community composition and functional groups during the decomposition of Pinus massoniana deadwood.},
journal = {Ecology and evolution},
volume = {14},
number = {4},
pages = {e11210},
pmid = {38571805},
issn = {2045-7758},
abstract = {Clarifying changes in the microbial community in deadwood at different stages of decomposition is crucial for comprehending the role of deadwood in the biogeochemical processes and the sustainability of forest development. However, there have been no reports on the dynamics of microbial community during the decomposition of Pinus massoniana. We used the "space-for-time" substitution to analyze the characteristics of microbial community changes and the key influencing factors in the P. massoniana deadwood during different decomposition stages by 16S and ITS rRNA gene sequencing. The results suggest that the microbial community structure of the early decomposition (decay class I) was significantly different from the other decay classes, while the diversity and richness of the microbial community were the highest in the late decomposition (decay class V). The Linear Discriminant Analysis Effect Size analysis revealed that most bacterial and fungal taxa were significantly enriched in decay classes I and V deadwood. During the initial stages of decomposition, the relative abundance of the bacterial functional group responsible for carbohydrate metabolism was greater than the later stages. As decomposition progressed, the relative abundance of saprophytic fungi gradually decreased, and there was a shift in the comparative abundance of mixed saprophytic-symbiotic fungi from low to high before eventually decreasing. Total organic carbon, total nitrogen, carbon-to-nitrogen ratio, total potassium, total phenol, condensed tannin, lignin, and cellulose were significantly correlated with microbial community structure, with the carbon-to-nitrogen ratio having the greatest effect. Our results indicate that the physicochemical properties of deadwood, microbial community structural composition and functional group changes were related to the decay class, among which the carbon-to-nitrogen ratio may be an important factor affecting the composition and diversity of microbial communities.},
}
@article {pmid38570736,
year = {2024},
author = {Jia, H and Lin, J and Lin, Z and Wang, Y and Xu, L and Ding, W and Ming, R},
title = {Haplotype-resolved genome of Mimosa bimucronata revealed insights into leaf movement and nitrogen fixation.},
journal = {BMC genomics},
volume = {25},
number = {1},
pages = {334},
pmid = {38570736},
issn = {1471-2164},
support = {2020J01593//The Natural Science Foundation Project of Fujian Province/ ; },
mesh = {Nitrogen Fixation/genetics ; *Mimosa ; Haplotypes ; *Fabaceae ; Plant Leaves/genetics ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Mimosa bimucronata originates from tropical America and exhibits distinctive leaf movement characterized by a relative slow speed. Additionally, this species possesses the ability to fix nitrogen. Despite these intriguing traits, comprehensive studies have been hindered by the lack of genomic resources for M. bimucronata.<br><br>RESULTS: To unravel the intricacies of leaf movement and nitrogen fixation, we successfully assembled a high-quality, haplotype-resolved, reference genome at the chromosome level, spanning 648&#xa0;Mb and anchored in 13 pseudochromosomes. A total of 32,146 protein-coding genes were annotated. In particular, haplotype A was annotated with 31,035 protein-coding genes, and haplotype B with 31,440 protein-coding genes. Structural variations (SVs) and allele&#xa0;specific expression (ASE)&#xa0;analyses uncovered the potential role of structural variants in leaf movement and nitrogen fixation in M. bimucronata. Two whole-genome duplication (WGD) events were detected, that occurred&#x2009;~&#x2009;2.9 and&#x2009;~&#x2009;73.5 million years ago. Transcriptome and co-expression network analyses revealed the involvement of aquaporins (AQPs) and Ca[2+]-related ion channel genes in leaf movement. Moreover, we also identified nodulation-related genes and analyzed the structure and evolution of the key gene NIN in the process of symbiotic nitrogen fixation (SNF).<br><br>CONCLUSION: The detailed comparative genomic and transcriptomic analyses provided insights into the mechanisms governing leaf movement and nitrogen fixation in M. bimucronata. This research yielded genomic resources and provided an important reference for functional genomic studies of M. bimucronata and other legume species.},
}
@article {pmid38570513,
year = {2024},
author = {Golaz, D and Papenfuhs, CK and Bellés-Sancho, P and Eberl, L and Egli, M and Pessi, G},
title = {RNA-seq analysis in simulated microgravity unveils down-regulation of the beta-rhizobial siderophore phymabactin.},
journal = {NPJ microgravity},
volume = {10},
number = {1},
pages = {44},
pmid = {38570513},
issn = {2373-8065},
support = {31003A_179322//Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F&#xf6;rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung (Swiss National Science Foundation)/ ; I-2022-03207//European Space Agency (ESA)/ ; },
abstract = {Exploiting the symbiotic interaction between crops and nitrogen-fixing bacteria is a simple and ecological method to promote plant growth in prospective extraterrestrial human outposts. In this study, we performed an RNA-seq analysis to investigate the adaptation of the legume symbiont Paraburkholderia phymatum STM815[T] to simulated microgravity (s0-g) at the transcriptome level. The results revealed a drastic effect on gene expression, with roughly 23% of P. phymatum genes being differentially regulated in s0-g. Among those, 951 genes were upregulated and 858 downregulated in the cells grown in s0-g compared to terrestrial gravity (1 g). Several genes involved in posttranslational modification, protein turnover or chaperones encoding were upregulated in s0-g, while those involved in translation, ribosomal structure and biosynthesis, motility or inorganic ions transport were downregulated. Specifically, the whole phm gene cluster, previously bioinformatically predicted to be involved in the production of a hypothetical malleobactin-like siderophore, phymabactin, was 20-fold downregulated in microgravity. By constructing a mutant strain (ΔphmJK) we confirmed that the phm gene cluster codes for the only siderophore secreted by P. phymatum as assessed by the complete lack of iron chelating activity of the P. phymatum ΔphmJK mutant on chrome azurol S (CAS) agar plates. These results not only provide a deeper understanding of the physiology of symbiotic organisms exposed to space-like conditions, but also increase our knowledge of iron acquisition mechanisms in rhizobia.},
}
@article {pmid38570360,
year = {2024},
author = {Zou, Y and Suo, X and Zhang, Y},
title = {Transcriptomic responses of rabbits to infections by precocious line and wild-type Eimeria media: revealing molecular signatures and pathway differences in liver and duodenum during the peak and terminal phases of oocyst production.},
journal = {Parasitology research},
volume = {123},
number = {4},
pages = {175},
pmid = {38570360},
issn = {1432-1955},
abstract = {Eimeria media is a principal pathogen responsible for rabbit coccidiosis, targeting the rabbit's intestinal epithelial cells. This parasitism damages the intestinal mucosal barrier, initiating a systemic immune and inflammatory response that jeopardizes the sustainable growth of rabbit farming. To understand the implications of infection on the host's immune and metabolic responses, we employed RNA-Seq to analyze RNA from the liver and duodenum tissues of post-infected rabbits infected with both the precocious line and wild-type strain of E.media. Comprehensive transcriptomic analysis revealed that the two parasites exhibit divergent transcriptomic imprints on host tissues. While the precocious line predominantly modulates immune-centric pathways with significant differential gene enrichment, wild-type strain favors pathways that affect metabolism. In addition, our study pinpointed a set of genes that undergo significant modifications in response to these effects. These revelations grant a fresh avenue to probe deeper into the symbiotic intricacies of the E.media and its rabbit host.},
}
@article {pmid38569414,
year = {2024},
author = {Cardoso, PIFDC and Grisi, CVB and Vieira, &#xc9;A and de Almeida, DKL and Cardarelli, HR},
title = {Cereal flours with Bacillus coagulans and beta-glucan: Technological properties and sensory acceptability.},
journal = {Food chemistry},
volume = {448},
number = {},
pages = {139146},
doi = {10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139146},
pmid = {38569414},
issn = {1873-7072},
abstract = {This study aimed to develop three formulations of cereal flours: control cereal flour (CCF), probiotic cereal flour (PCF), and symbiotic cereal flour (SCF), and porridges from the flours were manufactured as a functional food. No significant differences were observed in the microbiological quality and the color of the flours for 150 days. The technological and functional potential of the flours were variously improved with the addition of Bacillus coagulans as a probiotic and beta-glucan as a prebiotic. The addition of beta-glucan fiber did not change the viability of the probiotic, which was higher than 7.45 log CFU/g for SCF and 7.13 log CFU/g for PCF until the end of the storage period. All porridge samples showed non-Newtonian fluid behavior with pseudoplastic characteristics; and the PCF and SCF porridges differed regarding the parameters of hardness (1.10 to 1.38 N), adhesiveness (5.88 to 8.86 mJ), cohesiveness (0.78 to 0.95) and gumminess (0.93 to 1.52 N) over time. The addition of the beta-glucan prebiotic interfered with these attributes due to its gelling capacity in the presence of water. The PCF obtained the best sensory acceptance scores when compared to the other formulations. The addition of Bacillus coagulans and beta-glucan did not interfere with thermographic behavior. The SCF differed in the observed crystallinity parameters from CCF and PCF, with the presence of larger solids and agglomerates.},
}
@article {pmid38568895,
year = {2024},
author = {Woznica, A},
title = {What choanoflagellates can teach us about symbiosis.},
journal = {PLoS biology},
volume = {22},
number = {4},
pages = {e3002561},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pbio.3002561},
pmid = {38568895},
issn = {1545-7885},
abstract = {Environmental bacteria influence many facets of choanoflagellate biology, yet surprisingly few examples of symbioses exist. We need to find out why, as choanoflagellates can help us to understand how symbiosis may have shaped the early evolution of animals.},
}
@article {pmid38568247,
year = {2024},
author = {Fu, S and Iqbal, B and Li, G and Alabbosh, KF and Khan, KA and Zhao, X and Raheem, A and Du, D},
title = {The role of microbial partners in heavy metal metabolism in plants: a review.},
journal = {Plant cell reports},
volume = {43},
number = {4},
pages = {111},
pmid = {38568247},
issn = {1432-203X},
support = {BK20220030//Open Project of the Carbon Peak and Carbon Neutrality Technology Innovation Foundation of Jiangsu Province/ ; 32271587//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 3235041400//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 18JDG039//Senior Talent Foundation of Jiangsu University/ ; RGP2/360/44//Deanship of Scientific Research at King Khalid University Saudi Arabia for funding this work through Large Groups Project/ ; },
mesh = {*Herb-Drug Interactions ; *Metals, Heavy/toxicity ; Protein Processing, Post-Translational ; Soil ; },
abstract = {Heavy metal pollution threatens plant growth and development as well as ecological stability. Here, we synthesize current research on the interplay between plants and their microbial symbionts under heavy metal stress, highlighting the mechanisms employed by microbes to enhance plant tolerance and resilience. Several key strategies such as bioavailability alteration, chelation, detoxification, induced systemic tolerance, horizontal gene transfer, and methylation and demethylation, are examined, alongside the genetic and molecular basis governing these plant-microbe interactions. However, the complexity of plant-microbe interactions, coupled with our limited understanding of the associated mechanisms, presents challenges in their practical application. Thus, this review underscores the necessity of a more detailed understanding of how plants and microbes interact and the importance of using a combined approach from different scientific fields to maximize the benefits of these microbial processes. By advancing our knowledge of plant-microbe synergies in the metabolism of heavy metals, we can develop more effective bioremediation strategies to combat the contamination of soil by heavy metals.},
}
@article {pmid38565816,
year = {2024},
author = {Xiao, Y and Ma, J and Chen, R and Xiang, S and Yang, B and Chen, L and Fang, J and Liu, S},
title = {Two microbes assisting Miscanthus floridulus in remediating multi-metal(loid)s-contaminated soil.},
journal = {Environmental science and pollution research international},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {38565816},
issn = {1614-7499},
support = {No. 41807135//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; No. 31772642//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; No. 31672457//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; No. 21A0142//the Scientific Research Fund of Hunan Provincial Education Department/ ; XX2022-2024Aa01//the key project of Science and Technology of Hunan Branch of China National Tobacco Corporation/ ; 2023YSYB011//Yili Normal University School Program/ ; },
abstract = {Miscanthus has good tolerance to multi-metal(loid)s and has received increasing attention in remediated studies of metal(loid)s-contaminated soil. In this study, we conducted phytoextraction techniques to investigate the synergic effects of remediation of multi-metal(loid)s-contaminated soil by Miscanthus floridulus (Lab.) and two plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB), TS8 and MR2, affiliated to Enterobacteriaceae. The results exhibited a decrease of arsenic (15.27-21.50%), cadmium (8.64-15.52%), plumbum (5.92-12.76%), and zinc (12.84-24.20%) except for copper contents in the soil in bacterial inoculation groups, indicating that MR2 and TS8 could enhance the remediation of metal(loid)s. Moreover, increased fresh/dry weight and height indicated that inoculated bacteria could promote Miscanthus growth. Although the activities of antioxidant enzymes and the content of chlorophyll in the overground tissues showed no significant increase or even decrease, the activities of antioxidant enzymes in the underground tissues and soil were elevated by 48.95-354.17%, available P by 19.07-23.02%, and available K by 15.34-17.79% (p < 0.05). Bacterial inoculants could also decrease the soil pH. High-throughput sequencing analysis showed that the bacterial inoculant affected the rhizosphere bacterial community and reduced community diversity, but the relative abundance of some PGPB was found to increase. Phylogenetic molecular ecological networks indicated that bacterial inoculants reduced interactions between rhizosphere bacteria and thereby led to a simpler network structure but increased the proportion of positive-correlation links and enhanced the metabiosis and symbiosis of those bacteria. Spearman's test showed that OTUs affiliated with Enterobacteriaceae and soil nutrients were critical for metal(loid) remediation and Miscanthus growth. The results of this study provide a basis for the synergic remediation of multi-metal(loid)s-contaminated soils by Miscanthus and PGPB and provide a reference for the subsequent regulation of Miscanthus remediation efficiency by the other PGPB or critical bacteria.},
}
@article {pmid38565802,
year = {2024},
author = {Želježić, D and Kovačević, G and Matijević, A and Korać, P and Mihalić, KC},
title = {Does the Symbiotic Relationship Between Hydra Viridissima and Photoautotrophic Alga Provide an Evolutionary Advantage in Protecting DNA against Damage by the Cytotoxic or Genotoxic Mode of Action of Environmental Stressors?.},
journal = {Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology},
volume = {112},
number = {4},
pages = {56},
pmid = {38565802},
issn = {1432-0800},
mesh = {Animals ; *Hydra/genetics ; Symbiosis ; DNA ; DNA Damage ; },
abstract = {The aim of this paper was to evaluate whether symbiotic cooperation between green hydra (Hydra viridissima) and photoautotrophic alga gives higher resistance of the preservation of DNA integrity compared to brown hydra (Hydra oligactis). Norflurazon concentrations were 0.061 or 0.61 mg/L and UV-B light 254 nm, 0.023mWcm[- 2] applied separately or simultaneously. By alkaline comet assay primary DNA damage was assessed and cytotoxicity by fluorescent staining. Norflurazon at 0.61 mg L[- 1] significantly increased DNA damage in brown hydras compared to the control (6.17 ± 0.6 μm, 5.2 ± 1.7% vs. 2.9 ± 0.2 μm, 1.2 ± 0.2%). Cytotoxicity was significantly elevated, being higher in brown hydras (25.7 ± 3.5% vs. 8.2 ± 0.2%). UV-B irradiation induced significant DNA damage in brown hydras (13.5 ± 1.0 μm, 4.1 ± 1.0%). Simultaneous exposure to UV-B and norflurazon led to a synergistic DNA damaging. The frequency of cytotoxicity and hedgehog nucleoids was more pronounced in brown (78.3 ± 9.4%; 56.4 ± 6.0%) than in green hydras (34.7 ± 2.5%; 24.2 ± 0.6%). Evolutionary established symbiotic cooperation proved to provide resistance against cyto/genotoxicity.},
}
@article {pmid38565745,
year = {2024},
author = {Silva, GR and de Pina Cavalcanti, F and Melo, RM and Cintra, E and Lima, EM and Hamann, PRV and do Vale, LHF and Ulhoa, CJ and Almeida, F and Noronha, EF},
title = {Extracellular vesicles from the mycoparasitic fungus Trichoderma harzianum.},
journal = {Antonie van Leeuwenhoek},
volume = {117},
number = {1},
pages = {64},
pmid = {38565745},
issn = {1572-9699},
mesh = {*Trichoderma/metabolism ; Proteomics ; *Hypocreales ; *Extracellular Vesicles ; },
abstract = {Trichoderma harzianum is a filamentous fungus that can act as a mycoparasite, saprophyte, or a plant symbiotic. It is widely used as a biological control agent against phytopathogenic fungi and can also be used for plant growth promotion and biofortification. Interaction between T. harzianum and phytopathogenic fungi involves mycoparasitism, competition, and antibiosis. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been described as presenting a central role in mechanisms of communication and interaction among fungus and their hosts. In this study, we characterized extracellular vesicles of T. harzianum produced during growth in the presence of glucose or S. sclerotiorum mycelia. A set of vesicular proteins was identified using proteomic approach, mainly presenting predicted signal peptides.},
}
@article {pmid38565349,
year = {2024},
author = {Deng, M and Xiao, T and Xu, X and Wang, W and Yang, Z and Lu, K},
title = {Nicotinamide deficiency promotes imidacloprid resistance via activation of ROS/CncC signaling pathway-mediated UGT detoxification in Nilaparvata lugens.},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {172035},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172035},
pmid = {38565349},
issn = {1879-1026},
abstract = {Metabolic alternation is a typical characteristic of insecticide resistance in insects. However, mechanisms underlying metabolic alternation and how altered metabolism in turn affects insecticide resistance are largely unknown. Here, we report that nicotinamide levels are decreased in the imidacloprid-resistant strain of Nilaparvata lugens, may due to reduced abundance of the symbiotic bacteria Arsenophonus. Importantly, the low levels of nicotinamide promote imidacloprid resistance via metabolic detoxification alternation, including elevations in UDP-glycosyltransferase enzymatic activity and enhancements in UGT386B2-mediated metabolism capability. Mechanistically, nicotinamide suppresses transcriptional regulatory activities of cap 'n' collar isoform C (CncC) and its partner small muscle aponeurosis fibromatosis isoform K (MafK) by scavenging the reactive oxygen species (ROS) and blocking the DNA binding domain of MafK. In imidacloprid-resistant N. lugens, nicotinamide deficiency re-activates the ROS/CncC signaling pathway to provoke UGT386B2 overexpression, thereby promoting imidacloprid detoxification. Thus, nicotinamide metabolism represents a promising target to counteract imidacloprid resistance in N. lugens.},
}
@article {pmid38564969,
year = {2024},
author = {Gao, B and Ruiz, D and Case, H and Jinkerson, RE and Sun, Q},
title = {Engineering bacterial warriors: harnessing microbes to modulate animal physiology.},
journal = {Current opinion in biotechnology},
volume = {87},
number = {},
pages = {103113},
doi = {10.1016/j.copbio.2024.103113},
pmid = {38564969},
issn = {1879-0429},
abstract = {A central goal of synthetic biology is the reprogramming of living systems for predetermined biological functions. While many engineering efforts have been made in living systems, these innovations have been mainly employed with microorganisms or cell lines. The engineering of multicellular organisms including animals remains challenging owing to the complexity of these systems. In this context, microbes, with their intricate impact on animals, have opened new opportunities. Through the utilization of the symbiotic relationships between microbes and animals, researchers have effectively manipulated animals in various ways using engineered microbes. This focused approach has demonstrated its significance in scientific exploration and engineering with model animals, coral preservation and restoration, and advancements in human health.},
}
@article {pmid38564842,
year = {2024},
author = {Chatterjee, S and Leach, ST and Lui, K and Mishra, A},
title = {Symbiotic symphony: Understanding host-microbiota dialogues in a spatial context.},
journal = {Seminars in cell &amp; developmental biology},
volume = {161-162},
number = {},
pages = {22-30},
doi = {10.1016/j.semcdb.2024.03.001},
pmid = {38564842},
issn = {1096-3634},
abstract = {Modern precision sequencing techniques have established humans as a holobiont that live in symbiosis with the microbiome. Microbes play an active role throughout the life of a human ranging from metabolism and immunity to disease tolerance. Hence, it is of utmost significance to study the eukaryotic host in conjunction with the microbial antigens to obtain a complete picture of the host-microbiome crosstalk. Previous attempts at profiling host-microbiome interactions have been either superficial or been attempted to catalogue eukaryotic transcriptomic profile and microbial communities in isolation. Additionally, the nature of such immune-microbial interactions is not random but spatially organised. Hence, for a holistic clinical understanding of the interplay between hosts and microbiota, it's imperative to concurrently analyze both microbial and host genetic information, ensuring the preservation of their spatial integrity. Capturing these interactions as a snapshot in time at their site of action has the potential to transform our understanding of how microbes impact human health. In examining early-life microbial impacts, the limited presence of communities compels analysis within reduced biomass frameworks. However, with the advent of spatial transcriptomics we can address this challenge and expand our horizons of understanding these interactions in detail. In the long run, simultaneous spatial profiling of host-microbiome dialogues can have enormous clinical implications especially in gaining mechanistic insights into the disease prognosis of localised infections and inflammation. This review addresses the lacunae in host-microbiome research and highlights the importance of profiling them together to map their interactions while preserving their spatial context.},
}
@article {pmid38564797,
year = {2024},
author = {Meaney, JS and Panchal, AK and Wilcox, AJ and diCenzo, GC and Karas, B},
title = {Identifying functional multi-host shuttle plasmids to advance synthetic biology applications in Mesorhizobium and Bradyrhizobium.},
journal = {Canadian journal of microbiology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1139/cjm-2023-0232},
pmid = {38564797},
issn = {1480-3275},
abstract = {Ammonia availability has a crucial role in agriculture as it ensures healthy plant growth and increased crop yields. Since diazotrophs are the only organisms capable of reducing dinitrogen to ammonia, they have a great ecological importance and potential to mitigate the environmental and economic costs of synthetic fertilizer use. Rhizobia are especially valuable being that they can engage in nitrogen-fixing symbiotic relationships with legumes, and they demonstrate great diversity and plasticity in genomic and phenotypic traits. However, few rhizobial species have improved genetic tractability for synthetic biology applications. This study established a basic genetic toolbox with antibiotic resistance markers, multi-host shuttle plasmids and a streamlined protocol for biparental conjugation with Mesorhizobium and Bradyrhizobium species. We identified two repABC origins of replication from Sinorhizobium meliloti (pSymB) and Rhizobium etli (p42d) that were stable across all three strains of interest. Furthermore, the NZP2235 genome was sequenced and phylogenetic analysis determined its reclassification to Mesorhizobium huakuii. These tools will enable the use of plasmid-based strategies for more advanced genetic engineering projects and ultimately contribute towards the development of more sustainable agriculture practices by means of novel nitrogen-fixing organelles, elite bioinoculants or symbiotic association with non-legumes.},
}
@article {pmid38563292,
year = {2024},
author = {Crehan, O and Davy, SK and Grover, R and Ferrier-Pagès, C},
title = {Nutrient depletion and heat stress impair the assimilation of nitrogen compounds in a scleractinian coral.},
journal = {The Journal of experimental biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1242/jeb.246466},
pmid = {38563292},
issn = {1477-9145},
abstract = {Concentrations of dissolved nitrogen in seawater can affect the resilience of the cnidarian-dinoflagellate symbiosis to climate change-induced bleaching. However, it is not yet known how the assimilation and translocation of the various nitrogen forms change during heat stress, nor how the symbiosis responds to nutrient depletion, which may be observed due to increasing water stratification. Here, the tropical scleractinian coral Stylophora pistillata, in symbiosis with dinoflagellates of the genus Symbiodinium, was grown at different temperatures (26°C, 30°C, and 34°C), before being placed in nutrient-replete or depleted seawater for 24 hours. The corals were then incubated with 13C-labelled sodium bicarbonate and different 15N-labelled nitrogen forms (ammonium, urea, and dissolved free amino acids) to determine their assimilation rates. We found that nutrient depletion inhibited the assimilation of all nitrogen sources studied and that heat stress reduced the assimilation of ammonium and dissolved free amino acids. However, the host assimilated over threefold more urea at 30°C relative to 26°C. Overall, both moderate heat stress (30°C) and nutrient depletion individually decreased the total nitrogen assimilated by the symbiont by 66%, and combined, they decreased assimilation by 79%. This led to the symbiotic algae becoming nitrogen starved, with the C:N ratio increasing over threefold at 34°C, potentially exacerbating the impacts of coral bleaching.},
}
@article {pmid38562549,
year = {2024},
author = {Yahagi, K},
title = {Fucosylated human milk oligosaccharide-utilizing bifidobacteria regulate the gut organic acid profile of infants.},
journal = {Bioscience of microbiota, food and health},
volume = {43},
number = {2},
pages = {92-99},
pmid = {38562549},
issn = {2186-6953},
abstract = {Bifidobacteria are the predominant bacteria in the infant gut and have beneficial effects on host physiology. Infant cohort studies have demonstrated that a higher abundance of bifidobacteria in the gut is associated with a reduced risk of disease. Recently, bifidobacteria-derived metabolites, such as organic acid, have been suggested to play crucial roles in host physiology. This review focuses on an investigation of longitudinal changes in the gut microbiota and organic acid concentrations over 2 years of life in 12 Japanese infants and aims to identify bifidobacteria that contribute to the production of organic acid in healthy infants. Acetate, lactate, and formate, which are rarely observed in adults, are characteristically observed during breast-fed infancy. Bifidobacterium longum subspecies infantis and the symbiosis of Bifidobacterium bifidum and Bifidobacterium breve efficiently produce these organic acids through metabolization of human milk oligosaccharide (HMO) with different strategies. These findings confirmed that HMO-utilizing bifidobacteria play an important role in regulating the gut organic acid profiles of infants.},
}
@article {pmid38562471,
year = {2024},
author = {Tian, F and Wang, J and Ding, F and Wang, L and Yang, Y and Bai, X and Tan, C and Liao, X},
title = {Comparative transcriptomics and proteomics analysis of the symbiotic germination of Paphiopedilum barbigerum with Epulorhiza sp. FQXY019.},
journal = {Frontiers in microbiology},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1358137},
pmid = {38562471},
issn = {1664-302X},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Paphiopedilum barbigerum is currently the rarest and most endangered species of orchids in China and has significant ornamental value. The mature seeds of P. barbigerum are difficult to germinate owing to the absence of an endosperm and are highly dependent on mycorrhizal fungi for germination and subsequent development. However, little is known about the regulation mechanisms of symbiosis and symbiotic germination of P. barbigerum seeds.<br><br>METHODS: Herein, transcriptomics and proteomics were used to explore the changes in the P. barbigerum seeds after inoculation with (FQXY019 treatment group) or without (control group) Epulorhiza sp. FQXY019 at 90&#x2009;days after germination.<br><br>RESULTS: Transcriptome sequencing revealed that a total of 10,961 differentially expressed genes (DEGs; 2,599 upregulated and 8,402 downregulated) were identified in the control and FQXY019 treatment groups. These DEGs were mainly involved in carbohydrate, fatty acid, and amino acid metabolism. Furthermore, the expression levels of candidate DEGs related to nodulin, Ca[2+] signaling, and plant lectins were significantly affected in P. barbigerum in the FQXY019 treatment groups. Subsequently, tandem mass tag-based quantitative proteomics was performed to recognize the differentially expressed proteins (DEPs), and a total of 537 DEPs (220 upregulated and 317 downregulated) were identified that were enriched in processes including photosynthesis, photosynthesis-antenna proteins, and fatty acid biosynthesis and metabolism.<br><br>DISCUSSION: This study provides novel insight on the mechanisms underlying the in vitro seed germination and protocorm development of P. barbigerum by using a compatible fungal symbiont and will benefit the reintroduction and mycorrhizal symbiotic germination of endangered orchids.},
}
@article {pmid38561780,
year = {2024},
author = {Rill, A and Zhao, L and Bode, HB},
title = {Genetic toolbox for Photorhabdus and Xenorhabdus: pSEVA based heterologous expression systems and CRISPR/Cpf1 based genome editing for rapid natural product profiling.},
journal = {Microbial cell factories},
volume = {23},
number = {1},
pages = {98},
pmid = {38561780},
issn = {1475-2859},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Bacteria of the genus Photorhabdus and Xenorhabdus are motile, Gram-negative bacteria that live in symbiosis with entomopathogenic nematodes. Due to their complex life cycle, they produce a large number of specialized metabolites (natural products) encoded in biosynthetic gene clusters (BGC). Genetic tools for Photorhabdus and Xenorhabdus have been rare and applicable to only a few strains. In the past, several tools have been developed for the activation of BGCs and the deletion of individual genes. However, these often have limited efficiency or are time consuming. Among the limitations, it is essential to have versatile expression systems and genome editing tools that could facilitate the practical work.<br><br>RESULTS: In the present study, we developed several expression vectors and a CRISPR-Cpf1 genome editing vector for genetic manipulations in Photorhabdus and Xenorhabdus using SEVA plasmids. The SEVA collection is based on modular vectors that allow exchangeability of different elements (e.g. origin of replication and antibiotic selection markers with the ability to insert desired sequences for different end applications). Initially, we tested different SEVA vectors containing the broad host range origins and three different resistance genes for kanamycin, gentamycin and chloramphenicol, respectively. We demonstrated that these vectors are replicative not only in well-known representatives, e.g. Photorhabdus laumondii TTO1, but also in other rarely described strains like Xenorhabdus sp. TS4. For our CRISPR/Cpf1-based system, we used the pSEVA231 backbone to delete not only small genes but also large parts of BGCs. Furthermore, we were able to activate and refactor BGCs to obtain high production titers of high value compounds such as safracin B, a semisynthetic precursor for the anti-cancer drug ET-743.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study provide new inducible expression vectors and a CRISPR/CPf1 encoding vector all based on the SEVA (Standard European Vector Architecture) collection, which can improve genetic manipulation and genome editing processes in Photorhabdus and Xenorhabdus.},
}
@article {pmid38559383,
year = {2024},
author = {Hemali, NA and De Alwis, AAP and Wijesundara, M and Edirisinghe, LGLM},
title = {A method for determining the recycling value of unprocessed municipal solid waste in one cubic meter waste composition analysis technique.},
journal = {MethodsX},
volume = {12},
number = {},
pages = {102626},
pmid = {38559383},
issn = {2215-0161},
abstract = {The transition from conventional landfill-centric waste management to resource-centric methodologies necessitates an enhanced comprehension of municipal solid waste (MSW) composition and its inherent value. Existing methodologies documented in the literature exhibit a lack of standardization, impending the formulation of a systematic engineering approach for MSW characterization and valuation. This study introduces a methodology specifically tailored to discern the composition of waste origination from urban households and evaluate its recyclability within the confines of a circular economy framework, Employing a volume-based measurement approach, aims to estimate the recycling value of waste materials. The study's outcomes contribute significantly to quantifying the potential recycling value that accrues to society. Furthermore, the validation of the proposed protocol elucidates the dynamic nature of recyclable value as it traverses the intricate pathways of the waste supply chain. This insight facilitates the formulation of commercial models grounded in circular economy principles for the effective management of household solid waste. Empirical findings reveal that the total recycling value fluctuates within the range of USD 3.39 and USD 5.76 per cubic meter of waste volume, contingent upon the specific waste composition at the experiment site. Additionally, the proposed methodology uncovers the nuanced variability in MSW composition and recycling value across diverse household collection patterns, identifying mixed plastic, paper, cardboard, mixed MSW, and clothing as primary constituents. The application of this methodology extends beyond mere quantification, providing a foundational framework for simulating the latent recycling value embedded within MSW samples. This, in turn, offers invaluable support to strategy developers, policymakers, and entrepreneurial ventures engaged in the sustainable management of household solid waste. In essence, this study establishes the groundwork for a comprehensive understanding of MSW composition and its recyclability, facilitating informed decision-making in the pursuit of a circular economy.•Novel methodology based on one cubic meter (1m3) composition analysis of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW).•A new method to evaluate the recycling value of Municipal Solid Waste.•A basis for business model development for the waste-to-resource conversion model.},
}
@article {pmid38559356,
year = {2024},
author = {Chen, M and Ding, Z and Zhou, M and Shang, Y and Li, C and Li, Q and Bu, T and Tang, Z and Chen, H},
title = {The diversity of endophytic fungi in Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum) and its correlation with flavonoids and phenotypic traits.},
journal = {Frontiers in microbiology},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1360988},
pmid = {38559356},
issn = {1664-302X},
abstract = {Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum) is a significant medicinal crop, with flavonoids serving as a crucial measure of its quality. Presently, the artificial cultivation of Tartary buckwheat yields low results, and the quality varies across different origins. Therefore, it is imperative to identify an effective method to enhance the yield and quality of buckwheat. Endophytic fungi reside within plants and form a mutually beneficial symbiotic relationship, aiding plants in nutrient absorption, promoting host growth, and improving secondary metabolites akin to the host. In this study, high-throughput sequencing technology was employed to assess the diversity of endophytic fungi in Tartary buckwheat. Subsequently, a correlation analysis was performed between fungi and metabolites, revealing potential increases in flavonoid content due to endophytic fungi such as Bipolaris, Hymenula, and Colletotrichum. Additionally, a correlation analysis between fungi and phenotypic traits unveiled the potential influence of endophytic fungi such as Bipolaris, Buckleyzyma, and Trichosporon on the phenotypic traits of Tartary buckwheat. Notably, the endophytic fungi of the Bipolaris genus exhibited the potential to elevate the content of Tartary buckwheat metabolites and enhance crop growth. Consequently, this study successfully identified the resources of endophytic fungi in Tartary buckwheat, explored potential functional endophytic fungi, and laid a scientific foundation for future implementation of biological fertilizers in improving the quality and growth of Tartary buckwheat.},
}
@article {pmid38559107,
year = {2024},
author = {Sikdar, R and Beauclaire, MV and Lima, BP and Herzberg, MC and Elias, MH},
title = {N -acyl homoserine lactone signaling modulates bacterial community associated with human dental plaque.},
journal = {bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1101/2024.03.15.585217},
pmid = {38559107},
abstract = {N -acyl homoserine lactones (AHLs) are small diffusible signaling molecules that mediate a cell density-dependent bacterial communication system known as quorum sensing (QS). AHL-mediated QS regulates gene expression to control many critical bacterial behaviors including biofilm formation, pathogenicity, and antimicrobial resistance. Dental plaque is a complex multispecies oral biofilm formed by successive colonization of the tooth surface by groups of commensal, symbiotic, and pathogenic bacteria, which can contribute to tooth decay and periodontal diseases. While the existence and roles of AHL-mediated QS in oral microbiota have been debated, recent evidence indicates that AHLs play significant roles in oral biofilm development and community dysbiosis. The underlying mechanisms, however, remain poorly characterized. To better understand the importance of AHL signaling in dental plaque formation, we manipulated AHL signaling by adding AHL lactonases or exogenous AHL signaling molecules. We find that AHLs can be detected in dental plaque grown under 5% CO 2 conditions, but not when grown under anaerobic conditions, and yet anaerobic cultures are still responsive to AHLs. QS signal disruption using lactonases leads to changes in microbial population structures in both planktonic and biofilm states, changes that are dependent on the substrate preference of the used lactonase but mainly result in the increase in the abundance of commensal and pioneer colonizer species. Remarkably, the opposite manipulation, that is the addition of exogenous AHLs increases the abundance of late colonizer bacterial species. Hence, this work highlights the importance of AHL-mediated QS in dental plaque communities, its potential different roles in anaerobic and aerobic parts of dental plaque, and underscores the potential of QS interference in the control of periodontal diseases.},
}
@article {pmid38558826,
year = {2024},
author = {Song, X and Lao, J and Wang, L and Liu, S},
title = {Research advances on short-chain fatty acids in gastrointestinal acute graft-versus-host disease.},
journal = {Therapeutic advances in hematology},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {20406207241237602},
pmid = {38558826},
issn = {2040-6207},
abstract = {Gastrointestinal acute graft-versus-host disease (GI-aGVHD) is a severe early complication following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). It has been shown that the intestinal microbiota plays a critical role in this process. As metabolites of the intestinal microbiota, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are vital for maintaining the host-microbiota symbiotic equilibrium. This article provides an overview of the protective effect of SCFAs in the gastrointestinal tract, emphasizes their association with GI-aGVHD, and explores relevant research progress in prevention and treatment research.},
}
@article {pmid38558277,
year = {2024},
author = {Ye, S and Lu, Y and Li, G and Li, D and Wu, Y and Yao, Y},
title = {Stenotrophomonas maltophilia Isolated from the Gut Symbiotic Community of the Plastic-Eating Tenebrio molitor.},
journal = {Applied biochemistry and biotechnology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {38558277},
issn = {1559-0291},
support = {02020200-K02013008//Zhejiang University/ ; },
abstract = {Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) waste is a major environmental challenge. In this study, we found that a PVC-eating insect, Tenebrio molitor, could survive by consuming PVC as a dietary supplement. To understand the gut symbiotic community, metagenomic analysis was performed to reveal the biodiversity of a symbiotic community in the midgut of Tenebrio molitor. Among them, seven genera were enriched from the midgut of the insect under culture conditions with PVC as carbon source. A strain of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia was isolated from the midgut symbiotic community of the plastic-eating Tenebrio molitor. To unravel the functional gene for the biodegradation enzyme, we sequenced the whole genome of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and found that orf00390, annotated as a hydrolase, was highly expressed in the PVC culture niche.},
}
@article {pmid38557976,
year = {2024},
author = {Kendlbacher, V and Winter, TMR and Bright, M},
title = {Zoothamnium mariella sp. nov., a marine, colonial ciliate with an atypcial growth pattern, and its ectosymbiont Candidatus Fusimicrobium zoothamnicola gen. nov., sp. nov.},
journal = {PloS one},
volume = {19},
number = {4},
pages = {e0300758},
pmid = {38557976},
issn = {1932-6203},
abstract = {Ciliates are unicellular eukaryotes, regularly involved in symbiotic associations. Symbionts may colonize the inside of their cells as well as their surface as ectosymbionts. Here, we report on a new ciliate species, designated as Zoothamnium mariella sp. nov. (Peritrichia, Sessilida), discovered in the northern Adriatic Sea (Mediterranean Sea) in 2021. We found this ciliate species to be monospecifically associated with a new genus of ectosymbiotic bacteria, here proposed as Candidatus Fusimicrobium zoothamnicola gen. nov., sp. nov. To formally describe the new ciliate species, we investigated its morphology and sequenced its 18S rRNA gene. To demonstrate its association with a single species of bacterial ectosymbiont, we performed 16S rRNA gene sequencing, fluorescence in situ hybridization, and scanning electron microscopy. Additionally, we explored the two partners' cultivation requirements and ecology. Z. mariella sp. nov. was characterized by a colony length of up to 1 mm. A consistent number of either seven or eight long branches alternated on the stalk in close distance to each other. The colony developed three different types of zooids: microzooids ("trophic stage"), macrozooids ("telotroch stage"), and terminal zooids ("dividing stage"). Viewed from inside the cell, the microzooids' oral ciliature ran in 1 ¼ turns in a clockwise direction around the peristomial disc before entering the infundibulum, where it performed another ¾ turn. Phylogenetic analyses assigned Z. mariella sp. nov. to clade II of the family Zoothamnidae. The ectosymbiont formed a monophyletic clade within the Gammaproteobacteria along with two other ectosymbionts of peritrichous ciliates and a free-living vent bacterium. It colonized the entire surface of its ciliate host, except for the most basal stalk of large colonies, and exhibited a single, spindle-shaped morphotype. Furthermore, the two partners together appear to be generalists of temperate, oxic, marine shallow-water environments and were collectively cultivable in steady flow-through systems.},
}
@article {pmid38557234,
year = {2024},
author = {Damani, A and Ghoshal, A and Thota, R and Jain, PN},
title = {Initial Experiences With Integration of Palliative Medicine and Specialist Pain Services in a Tertiary Cancer Care Center in India.},
journal = {Journal of pain &amp; palliative care pharmacotherapy},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-8},
doi = {10.1080/15360288.2024.2320379},
pmid = {38557234},
issn = {1536-0539},
abstract = {Pain management constitutes a pivotal aspect of palliative care. Certain instances of distressing pain are significantly relieved through interventional pain methodologies, demanding the expertise of pain specialists. Our perspective revolves around the integration of these 2 facets, envisaging a symbiotic relationship that could enhance patient outcomes. A prospective assessment was carried out within a collaborative clinic, uniting the realms of pain management and palliative medicine. Anonymized patient information was scrutinized to grasp the advantages of this amalgamation and identify strategies to address any inherent deficiencies. Furthermore, an illustrative case study was delineated, spotlighting the collaborative dynamics at a systemic level. During the period spanning from November 2020 to June 2021, a total of 43 patients received consultations at this collaborative clinic. Each patient was exposed to a comprehensive pain management regimen, with the most frequently conducted procedure being an intercostal nerve block, which was administered in 9.30% of cases. For the provision of effective pain relief within the palliative care context, the confluence of joint consultations from cancer pain specialists emerges as a requisite measure. This approach carries the promise of optimizing pain control and augmenting the quality of palliative care.},
}
@article {pmid38555351,
year = {2024},
author = {Han, CJ and Cheng, CH and Yeh, TF and Pauchet, Y and Shelomi, M},
title = {Coconut rhinoceros beetle digestive symbiosis with potential plant cell wall degrading microbes.},
journal = {NPJ biofilms and microbiomes},
volume = {10},
number = {1},
pages = {34},
pmid = {38555351},
issn = {2055-5008},
support = {MOST-109-643 2311-B-002-016-MY3//Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan (Ministry of Science and Technology of Taiwan)/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Symbiosis ; *Coleoptera/genetics/microbiology ; Larva/genetics/microbiology ; Cell Wall ; },
abstract = {Coconut rhinoceros beetle (CRB, Oryctes rhinoceros) is an invasive palm pest whose larvae eat wood, yet lack the necessary digestive enzymes. This study confirmed endogenous CRB cellulase is inactive, suggesting microbial fermentation. The inner lining of the CRB hindgut has tree-like structures covered with a conspicuous biofilm. To identify possible symbionts, 16 S rRNA amplicon sequencing was used on individuals from across Taiwan. Several taxa of Clostridia, an anaerobic class including many cellulolytic bacteria, were highly abundant in most individuals from all locations. Whole metagenome sequencing further confirmed many lignocellulose degrading enzymes are derived from these taxa. Analyses of eggs, larvae, adults, and soil found these cellulolytic microbes are not transmitted vertically or transstadially. The core microbiomes of the larval CRB are likely acquired and enriched from the environment with each molt, and enable efficient digestion of wood.},
}
@article {pmid38554868,
year = {2024},
author = {Sahu, S and Kaur, A and Singh, G and Arya, SK},
title = {Integrating biosorption and machine learning for efficient remazol red removal by algae-bacteria Co-culture and comparative analysis of predicted models.},
journal = {Chemosphere},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {141791},
doi = {10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141791},
pmid = {38554868},
issn = {1879-1298},
abstract = {This research investigates into the efficacy of algae and algae-bacteria symbiosis (ABS) in efficiently decolorizing Remazol Red 5B, a prevalent dye pollutant. The investigation encompasses an exploration of the biosorption isotherm and kinetics governing the dye removal process. Additionally, various machine learning models are employed to predict the efficiency of dye removal within a co-culture system. The results demonstrate that both Desmodesmus abundans and a composite of Desmodesmus abundans and Rhodococcus pyridinivorans exhibit significant dye removal percentages of 75 ± 1% and 78 ± 1%, respectively, after 40 min. The biosorption isotherm analysis reveals a significant interaction between the adsorbate and the biosorbent, and it indicates that the Temkin model best matches the experimental data. Moreover, the Langmuir model indicates a relatively high biosorption capacity, further highlighting the potential of the algae-bacteria composite as an efficient adsorbent. Decision Trees, Random Forest, Support Vector Regression, and Artificial Neural Networks are evaluated for predicting dye removal efficiency. The Random Forest model emerges as the most accurate, exhibiting an R[2] value of 0.98, while Support Vector Regression and Artificial Neural Networks also demonstrate robust predictive capabilities. This study contributes to the advancement of sustainable dye removal strategies and encourages future exploration of hybrid approaches to further enhance predictive accuracy and efficiency in wastewater treatment processes.},
}
@article {pmid38553514,
year = {2024},
author = {Konecka, E and Szymkowiak, P},
title = {Wolbachia supergroup A in Enoplognatha latimana (Araneae: Theridiidae) in Poland as an example of possible horizontal transfer of bacteria.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {14},
number = {1},
pages = {7486},
pmid = {38553514},
issn = {2045-2322},
mesh = {Animals ; Bacterial Proteins/genetics ; *Wolbachia/genetics ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics ; Poland ; *Spiders/genetics ; Phylogeny ; },
abstract = {Wolbachia (phylum Pseudomonadota, class Alfaproteobacteria, order Rickettsiales, family Ehrlichiaceae) is a maternally inherited bacterial symbiont infecting more than half of arthropod species worldwide and constituting an important force in the evolution, biology, and ecology of invertebrate hosts. Our study contributes to the limited knowledge regarding the presence of intracellular symbiotic bacteria in spiders. Specifically, we investigated the occurrence of Wolbachia infection in the spider species Enoplognatha latimana Hippa and Oksala, 1982 (Araneae: Theridiidae) using a sample collected in north-western Poland. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of Wolbachia infection in E. latimana. A phylogeny based on the sequence analysis of multiple genes, including 16S rRNA, coxA, fbpA, ftsZ, gatB, gltA, groEL, hcpA, and wsp revealed that Wolbachia from the spider represented supergroup A and was related to bacterial endosymbionts discovered in other spider hosts, as well as insects of the orders Diptera and Hymenoptera. A sequence unique for Wolbachia supergroup A was detected for the ftsZ gene. The sequences of Wolbachia housekeeping genes have been deposited in publicly available databases and are an important source of molecular data for comparative studies. The etiology of Wolbachia infection in E. latimana is discussed.},
}
@article {pmid38552792,
year = {2024},
author = {Cai, JA and Christophides, GK},
title = {Immune interactions between mosquitoes and microbes during midgut colonization.},
journal = {Current opinion in insect science},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {101195},
doi = {10.1016/j.cois.2024.101195},
pmid = {38552792},
issn = {2214-5753},
abstract = {Mosquitoes encounter diverse microbes during their lifetime, including symbiotic bacteria, shaping their midgut ecosystem. The organization of the midgut supports microbiota persistence while defending against potential pathogens. The influx of nutrients during blood feeding triggers bacterial proliferation, challenging host homeostasis. Immune responses, aimed at controlling bacterial overgrowth, impact blood-borne pathogens like malaria parasites. However, parasites deploy evasion strategies against mosquito immunity. Leveraging these mechanisms could help engineer malaria-resistant mosquitoes, offering a transformative tool for malaria elimination.},
}
@article {pmid38551849,
year = {2024},
author = {Masuda, T and Mareš, J and Shiozaki, T and Inomura, K and Fujiwara, A and Prášil, O},
title = {Crocosphaera watsonii - A widespread nitrogen-fixing unicellular marine cyanobacterium.},
journal = {Journal of phycology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/jpy.13450},
pmid = {38551849},
issn = {1529-8817},
support = {23-06593S//Grantov&#xe1; Agentura &#x10c;esk&#xe9; Republiky/ ; JP23H02301//Japan Society for the Promotion of Science/ ; JPMJPR23GA//JST, PRESTO/ ; },
abstract = {Crocosphaera watsonii is a unicellular N2-fixing (diazotrophic) cyanobacterium observed in tropical and subtropical oligotrophic oceans. As a diazotroph, it can be a source of bioavailable nitrogen (N) to the microbial community in N-limited environments, and this may fuel primary production in the regions where it occurs. Crocosphaera watsonii has been the subject of intense study, both in culture and in field populations. Here, we summarize the current understanding of the phylogenetic and physiological diversity of C. watsonii, its distribution, and its ecological niche. Analysis of the relationships among the individual Crocosphaera species and related free-living and symbiotic lineages of diazotrophs based on the nifH gene have shown that the C. watsonii group holds a basal position and that its sequence is more similar to Rippkaea and Zehria than to other Crocosphaera species. This finding warrants further scrutiny to determine if the placement is related to a horizontal gene transfer event. Here, the nifH UCYN-B gene copy number from a recent synthesis effort was used as a proxy for relative C. watsonii abundance to examine patterns of C. watsonii distribution as a function of environmental factors, like iron and phosphorus concentration, and complimented with a synthesis of C. watsonii physiology. Furthermore, we have summarized the current knowledge of C. watsonii with regards to N2 fixation, photosynthesis, and quantitative modeling of physiology. Because N availability can limit primary production, C. watsonii is widely recognized for its importance to carbon and N cycling in ocean ecosystems, and we conclude this review by highlighting important topics for further research on this important species.},
}
@article {pmid38550859,
year = {2024},
author = {Luo, Z and Luo, J and Wu, S and Luo, X and Sui, X},
title = {Soil bacterial community in a photovoltaic system adopted different survival strategies to cope with small-scale light stress under different vegetation restoration modes.},
journal = {Frontiers in microbiology},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1365234},
pmid = {38550859},
issn = {1664-302X},
abstract = {Solar photovoltaic (PV) power generation is a major carbon reduction technology that is rapidly developing worldwide. However, the impact of PV plant construction on subsurface microecosystems is currently understudied. We conducted a systematic investigation into the effects of small-scale light stress caused by shading of PV panels and sampling depth on the composition, diversity, survival strategy, and key driving factors of soil bacterial communities (SBCs) under two vegetation restoration modes, i.e., Euryops pectinatus (EP) and Loropetalum chinense var. rubrum (LC). The study revealed that light stress had a greater impact on rare species with relative abundances below 0.01% than on high-abundance species, regardless of the vegetation restoration pattern. Additionally, PV shadowing increased SBCs' biomass by 20-30% but had varying negative effects on the numbers of Operational Taxonomic Unit (OTU), Shannon diversity, abundance-based coverage estimator (ACE), and Chao1 richness index. Co-occurrence and correlation network analysis revealed that symbiotic relationships dominated the key SBCs in the LC sample plots, with Chloroflexi and Actinobacteriota being the most ecologically important. In contrast, competitive relationships were significantly increased in the EP sample plots, with Actinobacteriota having the most ecological importance. In the EP sample plot, SBCs were found to be more tightly linked and had more stable ecological networks. This suggests that EP is more conducive to the stability and health of underground ecosystems in vulnerable areas when compared with LC. These findings offer new insights into the effects of small-scale light stress on subsurface microorganisms under different vegetation restoration patterns. Moreover, they may provide a reference for optimizing ecological restoration patterns in fragile areas.},
}
@article {pmid38549276,
year = {2024},
author = {Gao, J and Chen, L and Wang, J and Zhao, W and Zhang, J and Qin, Z and Wang, M and Chen, X and Li, M and Yang, Q},
title = {Response of the symbiotic microbial community of Dioscorea opposita Thunb. cv. Tiegun to root-knot nematode infection.},
journal = {Plant disease},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1094/PDIS-01-24-0169-RE},
pmid = {38549276},
issn = {0191-2917},
abstract = {Yam is an important medicinal and edible dual-purpose plant with high economic value. However, nematode damage severely affects its yield and quality. One of the major effects of nematode infestations is the secondary infection of pathogenic bacteria or fungi through entry wounds made by the nematodes. Understanding the response of the symbiotic microbial community of yam plants to nematodes is crucial for controlling such a disease. In this study, we investigated the rhizosphere and endophytic microbiomes shift after nematode infection during the tuber expansion stage in the Dioscorea opposita Thunb. cv. Tiegun yam. Our results revealed that soil depth affected the abundance of nematodes, and the relative number of Meloidogyne incognita was higher in the diseased soil at a depth of 16-40 cm than those at a depth of 0-15 cm and 41-70 cm. The abundance of and interactions among soil microbiota members were significantly correlated with root-knot nematode (RKN) parasitism at various soil depths. However, the comparison of the microbial alpha diversity and composition between healthy and diseased rhizosphere soil showed no difference. Compared with healthy soils, the co-occurrence networks of M. incognita-infested soils included a higher ratio of positive correlations linked to plant health. In addition, we detected a higher abundance of certain taxonomic groups belonging to Chitinophagaceae and Xanthobacteraceae in the rhizosphere of RKN-infested plants. The nematodes, besides causing direct damage to plants, also possess the ability to act synergistically with other pathogens, especially Ramicandelaber and Fusarium, leading to the development of disease complexes. In contrast to soil samples, RKN parasitism specifically had a significant effect on the composition and assembly of the root endophytic microbiota. The RKN colonization impacted a wide variety of endophytic microbiomes, including Pseudomonas, Sphingomonas, Rhizobium, Neocosmospora, and Fusarium. This study revealed the relationship between RKN disease and changes in the rhizosphere and endophytic microbial community, which may provide novel insights that help improve biological management of yam RKNs.},
}
@article {pmid38548766,
year = {2024},
author = {Pratt, CJ and Meili, CH and Jones, AL and Jackson, DK and England, EE and Wang, Y and Hartson, S and Rogers, J and Elshahed, MS and Youssef, NH},
title = {Anaerobic fungi in the tortoise alimentary tract illuminate early stages of host-fungal symbiosis and Neocallimastigomycota evolution.},
journal = {Nature communications},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {2714},
pmid = {38548766},
issn = {2041-1723},
support = {2029478//National Science Foundation (NSF)/ ; 2029478//National Science Foundation (NSF)/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; Animals ; *Neocallimastigomycota/genetics/metabolism ; *Turtles/genetics ; Phylogeny ; Anaerobiosis ; Symbiosis/genetics ; Mammals ; Fungi/genetics ; },
abstract = {Anaerobic gut fungi (AGF, Neocallimastigomycota) reside in the alimentary tract of herbivores. While their presence in mammals is well documented, evidence for their occurrence in non-mammalian hosts is currently sparse. Culture-independent surveys of AGF in tortoises identified a unique community, with three novel deep-branching genera representing >90% of sequences in most samples. Representatives of all genera were successfully isolated under strict anaerobic conditions. Transcriptomics-enabled phylogenomic and molecular dating analyses indicated an ancient, deep-branching position in the AGF tree for these genera, with an evolutionary divergence time estimate of 104-112 million years ago (Mya). Such estimates push the establishment of animal-Neocallimastigomycota symbiosis from the late to the early Cretaceous. Further, tortoise-associated isolates (T-AGF) exhibited limited capacity for plant polysaccharides metabolism and lacked genes encoding several carbohydrate-active enzyme (CAZyme) families. Finally, we demonstrate that the observed curtailed degradation capacities and reduced CAZyme repertoire is driven by the paucity of horizontal gene transfer (HGT) in T-AGF genomes, compared to their mammalian counterparts. This reduced capacity was reflected in an altered cellulosomal production capacity in T-AGF. Our findings provide insights into the phylogenetic diversity, ecological distribution, evolutionary history, evolution of fungal-host nutritional symbiosis, and dynamics of genes acquisition in Neocallimastigomycota.},
}
@article {pmid38548755,
year = {2024},
author = {Zhao, W and Xiong, J and Li, M and Bu, X and Jiang, C and Wang, G and Zhang, J and Li, W and Zou, H and Miao, W and Chen, K and Wang, G},
title = {Genome assembly of a symbiotic balantidia (Balantidium ctenopharyngodoni) in fish hindgut.},
journal = {Scientific data},
volume = {11},
number = {1},
pages = {323},
pmid = {38548755},
issn = {2052-4463},
support = {32170437//National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China)/ ; 32303066//National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China)/ ; 2021M703435//China Postdoctoral Science Foundation/ ; CARS-45//Earmarked Fund for China Agriculture Research System/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Balantidium/genetics ; Base Sequence ; Chromosomes ; Phylogeny ; *Genome, Protozoan ; Carps ; },
abstract = {Balantidium ctenopharyngodoni is identified as the sole ciliate species that exclusively resides within the hindgut of grass carp with high prevalence and intensity. In this study, the successful cultivation of B. ctenopharyngodoni enabled us to collect enough cells for genome sequencing. Consequently, we acquired a high-quality genome assembly spanning 68.66 Mb, encompassing a total of 22,334 nanochromosomes. Furthermore, we predicted 29,348 protein-coding genes, and 95.5% of them was supported by the RNA-seq data. The trend of GC content in the subtelomeric regions of single-gene chromosomes was similar to other ciliates containing nanochromosomes. A large number of genes encoding carbohydrate-binding modules with affinities for starch and peptidoglycans was identified. The identification of mitochondrion-related organelles (MROs) within genome indicates its well-suited adaptation to the anaerobic conditions in the hindgut environment. In summary, our results will offer resources for understanding the genetic basis and molecular adaptations of balantidia to hindgut of herbivorous fish.},
}
@article {pmid38548215,
year = {2024},
author = {Chen, S and Xu, Y and Zhuo, W and Zhang, L},
title = {The emerging role of lactate in tumor microenvironment and its clinical relevance.},
journal = {Cancer letters},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {216837},
doi = {10.1016/j.canlet.2024.216837},
pmid = {38548215},
issn = {1872-7980},
abstract = {In recent years, the significant impact of lactate in the tumor microenvironment has been greatly documented. Acting not only as an energy substance in tumor metabolism, lactate is also an imperative signaling molecule. It plays key roles in metabolic remodeling, protein lactylation, immunosuppression, drug resistance, epigenetics and tumor metastasis, which has a tight relation with cancer patients' poor prognosis. This review illustrates the roles lactate plays in different aspects of tumor progression and drug resistance. From the comprehensive effects that lactate has on tumor metabolism and tumor immunity, the therapeutic targets related to it are expected to bring new hope for cancer therapy.},
}
@article {pmid38548030,
year = {2024},
author = {Yang, X and Liao, Y and Zeng, M and Qin, Y},
title = {Nitrite accumulation performance and microbial community of Algal-Bacterial symbiotic system constructed by Chlorella sp. And Navicula sp.},
journal = {Bioresource technology},
volume = {399},
number = {},
pages = {130638},
doi = {10.1016/j.biortech.2024.130638},
pmid = {38548030},
issn = {1873-2976},
abstract = {Chlorella sp. and Navicula sp. were separately used to construct an algal-bacterial symbiotic system in two identical sequencing batch reactors (R1 and R2) to explore the influence of algal species differences on nitrite accumulation. The Navicula-bacterial symbiotic system showed a higher nitrite accumulation efficiency of 85% and a stronger resistance to ammonia load. It secreted twice as many extracellular polymeric substances than the Chlorella-bacterial symbiotic system. Nitrospira and SM1A02 were the dominant functional genera of nitrite-oxidizing bacteria in R1. The dominant functional genus of ammonium-oxidizing bacteria and the dominant functional genus of denitrifying bacteria were Ellin6067 and unclassified_Saprospiraceae in R2, respectively. In general, this research provided some reference for the construction of an algal-bacterial symbiotic system and achieving nitrite accumulation through an algal-bacterial symbiotic system.},
}
@article {pmid38546390,
year = {2024},
author = {Maroni, G and Krishnan, I and Alfieri, R and Maymi, VA and Pandell, N and Csizmadia, E and Zhang, J and Weetall, M and Branstrom, A and Braccini, G and Cabrera San Millán, E and Storti, B and Bizzarri, R and Kocher, O and Daniela Sanchez Bassères, DS and Welner, RS and Magli, MC and Merelli, I and Clohessy, JG and Ali, A and Tenen, DG and Levantini, E},
title = {Tumor Microenvironment Landscapes Supporting EGFR-mutant NSCLC Are Modulated at the Single-cell Interaction Level by Unesbulin Treatment.},
journal = {Cancer research communications},
volume = {4},
number = {3},
pages = {919-937},
pmid = {38546390},
issn = {2767-9764},
support = {CAO 2015//Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (BIDMC)/ ; BIDMC/Jax//Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (BIDMC)/ ; WBS R713-001-013-271//National University of Singapore (NUS)/ ; FAS Salute 2014//Regione Toscana (Tuscany Region)/ ; Flagship Interomics Project 20/2017//Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Universit&#xe0; e della Ricerca (MIUR)/ ; sponsored research support//PTC Therapeutics (PTC)/ ; ID 25734//Fondazione AIRC per la ricerca sul cancro ETS (AIRC)/ ; PNRR THE Spoke 1//Ministero dell'Economia e delle Finanze (MEF)/ ; STaR Investigator Award//National Research Foundation Singapore (NRF)/ ; LCG17MAY004//Ministry of Health -Singapore (MOH)/ ; Research Centres of Excellence//National Research Foundation Singapore (NRF)/ ; R35CA197697//HHS | National Institutes of Health (NIH)/ ; P01HL131477//HHS | National Institutes of Health (NIH)/ ; R713-000-216-720//NUS | Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore (CSI)/ ; 2016/19757-2//FAPESP | Centros de Pesquisa, Inova&#xe7;&#xe3;o e Difus&#xe3;o, Funda&#xe7;&#xe3;o Amaz&#xf4;nia Paraense de Amparo &#xe0; Pesquisa (RIDC)/ ; RBNEO01R4MJ-002//Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Universit&#xe0; e della Ricerca (MIUR)/ ; Bridge Grant (2018)//University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB)/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; Mice ; Endothelial Cells ; Tumor Microenvironment/genetics ; *Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/drug therapy ; *Antineoplastic Agents ; *Lung Neoplasms/drug therapy ; Cell Communication ; ErbB Receptors/genetics ; },
abstract = {UNLABELLED: Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths. Lethal pulmonary adenocarcinomas (ADC) present with frequent mutations in the EGFR. Genetically engineered murine models of lung cancer expedited comprehension of the molecular mechanisms driving tumorigenesis and drug response. Here, we systematically analyzed the evolution of tumor heterogeneity in the context of dynamic interactions occurring with the intermingled tumor microenvironment (TME) by high-resolution transcriptomics. Our effort identified vulnerable tumor-specific epithelial cells, as well as their cross-talk with niche components (endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and tumor-infiltrating immune cells), whose symbiotic interface shapes tumor aggressiveness and is almost completely abolished by treatment with Unesbulin, a tubulin binding agent that reduces B cell-specific Moloney murine leukemia virus integration site 1 (BMI-1) activity. Simultaneous magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) analysis demonstrated decreased tumor growth, setting the stage for future investigations into the potential of novel therapeutic strategies for EGFR-mutant ADCs.<br><br>SIGNIFICANCE: Targeting the TME is an attractive strategy for treatment of solid tumors. Here we revealed how EGFR-mutant landscapes are affected at the single-cell resolution level during Unesbulin treatment. This novel drug, by targeting cancer cells and their interactions with crucial TME components, could be envisioned for future therapeutic advancements.},
}
@article {pmid38545609,
year = {2024},
author = {Carbonne, C and Comeau, S and Plichon, K and Schaub, S and Gattuso, JP and Teixidó, N},
title = {Response of two temperate scleractinian corals to projected ocean warming and marine heatwaves.},
journal = {Royal Society open science},
volume = {11},
number = {3},
pages = {231683},
pmid = {38545609},
issn = {2054-5703},
abstract = {The Mediterranean Sea is a hotspot of global change, particularly exposed to ocean warming and the increasing occurrence of marine heatwaves (MHWs). However, experiments based on long-term temperature data from the field are scarce. Here, we investigate the response of the zooxanthellate coral Cladocora caespitosa and the azooxanthellate coral Astroides calycularis to future warming and MHWs based on 8 years of in situ data. Corals were maintained in the laboratory for five months under four temperature conditions: Warming (3.2°C above the in situ mean from 2012 to 2020), Heatwave (temperatures of 2018 with two heatwaves), Ambient (in situ mean) and Cool (deeper water temperatures). Under the Warming treatment, some C. caespitosa colonies severely bleached and A. calycularis colonies presented necrosis. Cladocora caespitosa symbiosis was impaired by temperature with a decrease in the density of endosymbiotic algae and an increase in per cent whiteness in all the treatments except for the coolest. Recovery for both species was observed through different mechanisms such as regrowth of polyps of A. calycularis and recovery of pigmentation for C. caespitosa. These results suggest that A. calycularis and C. caespitosa may be resilient to heat stress and can recover from physiological stresses caused by heatwaves in the laboratory.},
}
@article {pmid38544857,
year = {2024},
author = {Quaiyum, S and Sun, J and Marchand, V and Sun, G and Reed, CJ and Motorin, Y and Dedon, PC and Minnick, MF and de Crécy-Lagard, V},
title = {Mapping the tRNA modification landscape of Bartonella henselae Houston I and Bartonella quintana Toulouse.},
journal = {Frontiers in microbiology},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1369018},
pmid = {38544857},
issn = {1664-302X},
abstract = {Transfer RNA (tRNA) modifications play a crucial role in maintaining translational fidelity and efficiency, and they may function as regulatory elements in stress response and virulence. Despite their pivotal roles, a comprehensive mapping of tRNA modifications and their associated synthesis genes is still limited, with a predominant focus on free-living bacteria. In this study, we employed a multidisciplinary approach, incorporating comparative genomics, mass spectrometry, and next-generation sequencing, to predict the set of tRNA modification genes responsible for tRNA maturation in two intracellular pathogens-Bartonella henselae Houston I and Bartonella quintana Toulouse, which are causative agents of cat-scratch disease and trench fever, respectively. This analysis presented challenges, particularly because of host RNA contamination, which served as a potential source of error. However, our approach predicted 26 genes responsible for synthesizing 23 distinct tRNA modifications in B. henselae and 22 genes associated with 23 modifications in B. quintana. Notably, akin to other intracellular and symbiotic bacteria, both Bartonella species have undergone substantial reductions in tRNA modification genes, mostly by simplifying the hypermodifications present at positions 34 and 37. Bartonella quintana exhibited the additional loss of four modifications and these were linked to examples of gene decay, providing snapshots of reductive evolution.},
}
@article {pmid38544579,
year = {2024},
author = {Baker, J and Antypas, A and Aggarwal, P and Elliott, C and Baxter, R and Singh, S and Jayasinghe, N and Reed, D and Boden, A and Evans, I and Hurst, B and Koo, A},
title = {Augmented Reality in Interventional Radiology: Transforming Training Paradigms.},
journal = {Cureus},
volume = {16},
number = {2},
pages = {e54907},
pmid = {38544579},
issn = {2168-8184},
abstract = {The ascent of medical technology places augmented reality (AR) at the forefront of potential advancements in interventional radiology (IR) training. This review delves into the symbiotic relationship between AR and conventional IR training, casting light on the opportunities and hurdles intrinsic to this integration. A targeted literature review was conducted using the databases PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase. Search terms included ((("Augmented Reality" OR "Virtual Reality")) AND ((Education OR Training))) AND (("Interventional Radiology")). Ten studies identified using the comprehensive inclusion criteria helped scrutinize the use of AR in IR training. Key outcomes include improved procedural accuracy, reduced training duration, and heightened trainee confidence. However, it also identifies limitations such as small sample sizes, reliance on simulation environments, and technological constraints in AR implementation. Despite these challenges, the review underscored the transformative potential of AR in IR education, suggesting its capacity to revolutionize training methodologies. However, it also calls for continued technological development and empirical research to address current challenges and fully leverage AR's capabilities in medical education.},
}
@article {pmid38544121,
year = {2024},
author = {González, V and Martín, L and Santana, JR and Sotres, P and Lanza, J and Sánchez, L},
title = {Reshaping Smart Cities through NGSI-LD Enrichment.},
journal = {Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {24},
number = {6},
pages = {},
pmid = {38544121},
issn = {1424-8220},
support = {TED2021-131988B-I00//Agencia Estatal de Investigaci&#xf3;n/ ; 2020-EU-IA-0274//European Health and Digital Executive Agency (HaDEA) - European Union/ ; },
abstract = {The vast amount of information stemming from the deployment of the Internet of Things and open data portals is poised to provide significant benefits for both the private and public sectors, such as the development of value-added services or an increase in the efficiency of public services. This is further enhanced due to the potential of semantic information models such as NGSI-LD, which enable the enrichment and linkage of semantic data, strengthened by the contextual information present by definition. In this scenario, advanced data processing techniques need to be defined and developed for the processing of harmonised datasets and data streams. Our work is based on a structured approach that leverages the principles of linked-data modelling and semantics, as well as a data enrichment toolchain framework developed around NGSI-LD. Within this framework, we reveal the potential for enrichment and linkage techniques to reshape how data are exploited in smart cities, with a particular focus on citizen-centred initiatives. Moreover, we showcase the effectiveness of these data processing techniques through specific examples of entity transformations. The findings, which focus on improving data comprehension and bolstering smart city advancements, set the stage for the future exploration and refinement of the symbiosis between semantic data and smart city ecosystems.},
}
@article {pmid38543596,
year = {2024},
author = {Ilbeigi Khamseh Nejad, M and Cappelli, A and Damiani, C and Falcinelli, M and Catapano, PL and Nanfack-Minkeu, F and Mayi, MPA and Currà, C and Ricci, I and Favia, G},
title = {Wolbachia and Asaia Distribution among Different Mosquito Vectors Is Affected by Tissue Localization and Host Species.},
journal = {Microorganisms},
volume = {12},
number = {3},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/microorganisms12030545},
pmid = {38543596},
issn = {2076-2607},
support = {PRIN 2022 PNRR MUR P20225TJWB//European Union - NextGenerationEU/ ; },
abstract = {Microbial communities play an important role in the fitness of mosquito hosts. However, the factors shaping microbial communities in wild populations, with regard to interactions among microbial species, are still largely unknown. Previous research has demonstrated that two of the most studied mosquito symbionts, the bacteria Wolbachia and Asaia, seem to compete or not compete, depending on the genetic background of the reference mosquito host. The large diversity of Wolbachia-Asaia strain combinations that infect natural populations of mosquitoes may offer a relevant opportunity to select suitable phenotypes for the suppression of pathogen transmission and for the manipulation of host reproduction. We surveyed Wolbachia and Asaia in 44 mosquito populations belonging to 11 different species of the genera Anopheles, Aedes, and Culex using qualitative PCR. Through quantitative PCR, the amounts of both bacteria were assessed in different mosquito organs, and through metagenomics, we determined the microbiota compositions in some selected mosquito populations. We show that variation in microbial community structure is likely associated with the species/strain of mosquito, its geographical position, and tissue localization. Together, our results shed light on the interactions among different bacterial species in the microbial communities of mosquito vectors, and this can aid the development and/or improvement of methods for symbiotic control of insect vectors.},
}
@article {pmid38543583,
year = {2024},
author = {Pandey, S and Blache, A and Achouak, W},
title = {Insights into Bacterial Extracellular Vesicle Biogenesis, Functions, and Implications in Plant-Microbe Interactions.},
journal = {Microorganisms},
volume = {12},
number = {3},
pages = {},
pmid = {38543583},
issn = {2076-2607},
abstract = {Plant-microbe interactions play a crucial role in shaping plant health and survival. In recent years, the role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in mediating intercellular communication between plants and microbes has emerged as an intriguing area of research. EVs serve as important carriers of bioactive molecules and genetic information, facilitating communication between cells and even between different organisms. Pathogenic bacteria leverage extracellular vesicles (EVs) to amplify their virulence, exploiting their cargo rich in toxins and virulence factors. Conversely, beneficial microbes initiate EV secretion to stimulate plant immune responses and nurture symbiotic relationships. The transfer of EV-packed small RNAs (sRNAs) has been demonstrated to facilitate the modulation of immune responses. Furthermore, harnessing the potential of EVs holds promise for the development of innovative diagnostic tools and sustainable crop protection strategies. This review highlights the biogenesis and functions of EVs in bacteria and their importance in plant defense, and paves the way for future research in this exciting field.},
}
@article {pmid38543498,
year = {2024},
author = {Wang, S and Wang, L and Li, S and Zhang, T and Cai, K},
title = {The Win-Win Effects of an Invasive Plant Biochar on a Soil-Crop System: Controlling a Bacterial Soilborne Disease and Stabilizing the Soil Microbial Community Network.},
journal = {Microorganisms},
volume = {12},
number = {3},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/microorganisms12030447},
pmid = {38543498},
issn = {2076-2607},
support = {31870420//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 2121A0505030057//Science and Technology Program of Guangdong Province/ ; },
abstract = {Biochar is increasingly being recognized as an effective soil amendment to enhance plant health and improve soil quality, but the complex relationships among biochar, plant resistance, and the soil microbial community are not clear. In this study, biochar derived from an invasive plant (Solidago canadensis L.) was used to investigate its impacts on bacterial wilt control, soil quality, and microbial regulation. The results reveal that the invasive plant biochar application significantly reduced the abundance of Ralstonia solanacearum in the soil (16.8-32.9%) and wilt disease index (14.0-49.2%) and promoted tomato growth. The biochar treatment increased the soil organic carbon, nutrient availability, soil chitinase, and sucrase activities under pathogen inoculation. The biochar did not influence the soil bacterial community diversity, but significantly increased the relative abundance of beneficial organisms, such as Bacillus and Sphingomonas. Biochar application increased the number of nodes, edges, and the average degree of soil microbial symbiotic network, thereby enhancing the stability and complexity of the bacterial community. These findings suggest that the invasive plant biochar produces win-win effects on plant-soil systems by suppressing soilborne wilt disease, enhancing the stability of the soil microbial community network, and promoting resource utilization, indicating its good potential in sustainable soil management.},
}
@article {pmid38543496,
year = {2024},
author = {Lacerda, AL and Briand, JF and Lenoble, V and Oreste, EQ and Kessler, F and Pedrotti, ML},
title = {Assessing the Plastisphere from Floating Plastics in the Northwestern Mediterranean Sea, with Emphasis on Viruses.},
journal = {Microorganisms},
volume = {12},
number = {3},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/microorganisms12030444},
pmid = {38543496},
issn = {2076-2607},
support = {APIL 2022//Laboratoire d'Oc&#xe9;anographie de Villefranche-sur-mer, LOV/ ; },
abstract = {Plastics in the ocean create the "plastisphere", a diverse habitat hosting various life forms. Other than the pollution induced by plastics, the co-occurrence of primary producers, symbiotic organisms, decomposers, and pathogens within the plastisphere raises questions about how they influence the dynamics of marine ecosystems. Here, we used a shotgun DNA-sequencing approach to describe the species thriving on floating plastics collected in two Mediterranean sites. Our findings revealed many species of bacteria, eukaryotes, viruses, and archaea on each plastic. Proteobacteria was dominant (70% of reads in the entire dataset), with other groups such as Ascomycota fungi (11%) and Bacteroidetes (9%) also being represented. The community structure was not affected by the polymeric composition or the plastic shape. Notably, pathogenic Vibrio species, including V. campbelli, V. alginolyticus, and V. coralliilyticus, were among the most abundant species. Viruses, despite showing lower relative abundances, occurred in all samples, especially Herpesvirales, Caudovirales, and Poxviridae groups. A significant finding was the presence of the White Spot Syndrome virus (WSSV). This pathogen, responsible for devastating outbreaks in aquaculture systems, had not been previously reported in the marine plastisphere. Our study emphasizes the need for further investigation into the ecological and economic impacts of plastisphere organisms in the ocean.},
}
@article {pmid38542700,
year = {2024},
author = {Fekete, M and Lehoczki, A and Major, D and Fazekas-Pongor, V and Csípő, T and Tarantini, S and Csizmadia, Z and Varga, JT},
title = {Exploring the Influence of Gut-Brain Axis Modulation on Cognitive Health: A Comprehensive Review of Prebiotics, Probiotics, and Symbiotics.},
journal = {Nutrients},
volume = {16},
number = {6},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/nu16060789},
pmid = {38542700},
issn = {2072-6643},
support = {RRF-2.3.1-21-2022-00003//the Ministry of Innovation and Technology under the National Cardiovascular Laboratory Program/ ; TKP2021-NKTA-47//Ministry for Innovation and Technology/ ; &#xda;NKP-23-4-I-SE-2//Ministry for Innovation and Technology/ ; &#xda;NKP-23-3-II-SE-14//Ministry for Innovation and Technology/ ; },
abstract = {Recent research exploring the relationship between the gut and the brain suggests that the condition of the gut microbiota can influence cognitive health. A well-balanced gut microbiota may help reduce inflammation, which is linked to neurodegenerative conditions. Prebiotics, probiotics, and symbiotics are nutritional supplements and functional food components associated with gastrointestinal well-being. The bidirectional communication of the gut-brain axis is essential for maintaining homeostasis, with pre-, pro-, and symbiotics potentially affecting various cognitive functions such as attention, perception, and memory. Numerous studies have consistently shown that incorporating pre-, pro-, and symbiotics into a healthy diet can lead to improvements in cognitive functions and mood. Maintaining a healthy gut microbiota can support optimal cognitive function, which is crucial for disease prevention in our fast-paced, Westernized society. Our results indicate cognitive benefits in healthy older individuals with probiotic supplementation but not in healthy older individuals who have good and adequate levels of physical activity. Additionally, it appears that there are cognitive benefits in patients with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease, while mixed results seem to arise in younger and healthier individuals. However, it is important to acknowledge that individual responses may vary, and the use of these dietary supplements should be tailored to each individual's unique health circumstances and needs.},
}
@article {pmid38542554,
year = {2024},
author = {Hao, P and Zhang, S and Zhou, X and Man, Y and Liu, D},
title = {PaCHNOC: Packet and Circuit Hybrid Switching NoC for Real-Time Parallel Stream Signal Processing.},
journal = {Micromachines},
volume = {15},
number = {3},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/mi15030304},
pmid = {38542554},
issn = {2072-666X},
support = {No. 2022YFB2901100//National Key R&amp;D Program of China/ ; },
abstract = {Real-time heterogeneous parallel embedded digital signal processor (DSP) systems process multiple data streams in parallel in a stringent time interval. This type of system on chip (SoC) requires the network on chip (NoC) to establish multiple symbiotic parallel data transmission paths with ultra-low transmission latency in real time. Our early NoC research PCCNOC meets this need. The PCCNOC uses packet routing to establish and lock a transmission circuit, so that PCCNOC is perfectly suitable for ultra-low latency and high-bandwidth transmission of long data packets. However, a parallel multi-data stream DSP system also needs to transmit roughly the same number of short data packets for job configuration and job execution status reports. While transferring short data packets, the link establishment routing delay of short data packets becomes relatively obvious. Our further research, thus, introduced PaCHNOC, a hybrid NoC in which long data packets are transmitted through a circuit established and locked by routing, and short data packets are attached to the routing packet and the transmission is completed during the routing process, thus avoiding the PCCNOC setup delay. Simulation shows that PaCHNOC performs well in supporting real-time heterogeneous parallel embedded DSP systems and achieves overall latency reduction 65% compared with related works. Finally, we used PaCHNOC in the baseband subsystem of a real 5G base station, which proved that our research is the best NoC for baseband subsystem of 5G base stations, which reduce 31% comprehensive latency in comparison to related works.},
}
@article {pmid38542415,
year = {2024},
author = {Kim, W and Acosta-Jurado, S and Kim, S and Krishnan, HB},
title = {Calcium Induces the Cleavage of NopA and Regulates the Expression of Nodulation Genes and Secretion of T3SS Effectors in Sinorhizobium fredii NGR234.},
journal = {International journal of molecular sciences},
volume = {25},
number = {6},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/ijms25063443},
pmid = {38542415},
issn = {1422-0067},
support = {8042-21220-234-00D//USDA-ARS/ ; },
abstract = {The type III secretion system (T3SS) is a key factor for the symbiosis between rhizobia and legumes. In this study, we investigated the effect of calcium on the expression and secretion of T3SS effectors (T3Es) in Sinorhizobium fredii NGR234, a broad host range rhizobial strain. We performed RNA-Seq analysis of NGR234 grown in the presence of apigenin, calcium, and apigenin plus calcium and compared it with NGR234 grown in the absence of calcium and apigenin. Calcium treatment resulted in a differential expression of 65 genes, most of which are involved in the transport or metabolism of amino acids and carbohydrates. Calcium had a pronounced effect on the transcription of a gene (NGR_b22780) that encodes a putative transmembrane protein, exhibiting a 17-fold change when compared to NGR234 cells grown in the absence of calcium. Calcium upregulated the expression of several sugar transporters, permeases, aminotransferases, and oxidoreductases. Interestingly, calcium downregulated the expression of nodABC, genes that are required for the synthesis of nod factors. A gene encoding a putative outer membrane protein (OmpW) implicated in antibiotic resistance and membrane integrity was also repressed by calcium. We also observed that calcium reduced the production of nodulation outer proteins (T3Es), especially NopA, the main subunit of the T3SS pilus. Additionally, calcium mediated the cleavage of NopA into two smaller isoforms, which might affect the secretion of other T3Es and the symbiotic establishment. Our findings suggest that calcium regulates the T3SS at a post-transcriptional level and provides new insights into the role of calcium in rhizobia-legume interactions.},
}
@article {pmid38541376,
year = {2024},
author = {Broc, G and Fassier, JB and Raffard, S and Lareyre, O},
title = {Planning Individual and Population-Based Interventions in Global Health: Applying the DEA-A Framework to Promote Behavioral, Emotional, and/or Cognitive Change among Stakeholders.},
journal = {International journal of environmental research and public health},
volume = {21},
number = {3},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/ijerph21030378},
pmid = {38541376},
issn = {1660-4601},
abstract = {Addressing health challenges that impact human well-being requires a comprehensive, interdisciplinary approach that would be at the crossroad of population-based prevention and individual-level clinical care, which is in line with a Global Health perspective. In the absence of a unifying theoretical framework to guide such interventions, a Dynamic Ecosystem Adaptation through the Allostasis (DEA-A) framework has been proposed, emphasizing the functional adaptation of individuals and organizations in symbiosis with their living ecosystem. While a conceptual model has been presented, this methodological contribution aims at illustrating the practical application of the DEA-A framework for planning Global Health interventions. The methodology combines Intervention Mapping and Cognitive and Behavioral Theory, extended to the ecosystem. Practical guidelines and supporting tools are provided to help public health providers and clinicians in establishing a functional ecosystem diagnosis of the issue; defining not only behavioral, but also emotional and cognitive change objectives (allostasis targets) expected for each stakeholder; and designing intervention plans targeting determinants of these allostasis. The discussion addresses implementation and evaluation perspectives of interventions based on the DEA-A framework, emphasizing the importance of considering change in its processual and ecosystem complexity. Lastly, encouragements for a deeper understanding of individual and ecosystem homeostasis/allostasis processes are made in order to promote more functional interventions.},
}
@article {pmid38540763,
year = {2024},
author = {Anbalagan, C and Nandabalan, SK and Sankar, P and Rajaram, PS and Govindaraj, K and Rupert, S and Sathyanesan, J},
title = {Postbiotics of Naturally Fermented Synbiotic Mixture of Rice Water Aids in Promoting Colonocyte Health.},
journal = {Biomolecules},
volume = {14},
number = {3},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/biom14030344},
pmid = {38540763},
issn = {2218-273X},
support = {G.O.(Ms.) No.83 H&amp;F//Tamil Nadu Innovative initiatives (TANII) G.O.(Ms.) No.83 H&amp;F/ ; },
abstract = {The eubiotic state of the gut microbiota is primarily brought about by various probiotic species that colonize the gut. It is becoming very clear that the probiotic-metabolite mixtures in the gut luminal milieu is central in establishing cross-kingdom signalling networks to maintain gut-multi-organ axes health. Culturally, different fermented foods and beverages have been regional staples since ancient times, and are known to be enriched with probiotics. However, regional variations including the environment, the staple food source (prebiotics), and fermentation methods, among other factors, influence the fermenting probiotic species. Fermented rice water (FRW), an economical, easy to make, simple beverage is a rich source of synbiotics. Therefore, consumption of fermented rice water allows for the intake of a variety of region-specific live probiotics. The secondary metabolites (postbiotics) present in such symbiotic mixtures may also contribute toward maintaining normal intestinal cellular functions. In this study, we highlight that regional staples such as rice consumed in their fermented form may hold promise in alleviating gut-related diseases. Our results show that simple overnight fermentation of cooked edible rice enables the growth of probiotic bacterial species belonging to the Lactic Acid Bacteria group (Leuconostoc lactis, Weisella confusa, Weisella cibacria, Lactococcus lactis, lactococcus taiwanensis, Lactobacillus fermentum, Lactobacillus nagelii, and Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. indicus). Metabolomic analysis of the overnight fermented and over two-nights fermented rice water identified more than 200 postbiotic metabolites. Our results show that postbiotics contributing to energy metabolism, gut-multiorgan axes, and microbial paraprobiotics are enriched in the overnight (~10 h) fermented rice water as compared to the over two-nights fermented rice water. Functional analysis via gene expression studies for nutrient absorption (mct-1 and mct-2) and barrier integrity (occludin and zo-1) reveals significant upregulation of these genes upon FRW treatment of HT29 colon cells. This study is a first-of-its-kind to demonstrate the proof-of-principle that postbiotics of naturally fermented rice water positively modulates colonocyte health.},
}
@article {pmid38540332,
year = {2024},
author = {Malhotra, P and Basu, S and Lee, BW and Oeller, L and Crowder, DW},
title = {Effects of Soil Rhizobia Abundance on Interactions between a Vector, Pathogen, and Legume Plant Host.},
journal = {Genes},
volume = {15},
number = {3},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/genes15030273},
pmid = {38540332},
issn = {2073-4425},
support = {2016-67011-24693, 2017-67013-26537//United States Department of Agriculture/ ; 1014754//United States Department of Agriculture/ ; },
abstract = {Soil rhizobia promote nitrogen fixation in legume hosts, maximizing their tolerance to different biotic stressors, plant biomass, crop growth, and yield. While the presence of soil rhizobia is considered beneficial for plants, few studies have assessed whether variation in rhizobia abundance affects the tolerance of legumes to stressors. To address this, we assessed the effects of variable soil rhizobia inoculum concentrations on interactions between a legume host (Pisum sativum), a vector insect (Acyrthosiphon pisum), and a virus (Pea enation mosaic virus, PEMV). We showed that increased rhizobia abundance reduces the inhibitory effects of PEMV on the nodule formation and root growth in 2-week-old plants. However, these trends were reversed in 4-week-old plants. Rhizobia abundance did not affect shoot growth or virus prevalence in 2- or 4-week-old plants. Our results show that rhizobia abundance may indirectly affect legume tolerance to a virus, but effects varied based on plant age. To assess the mechanisms that mediated interactions between rhizobia, plants, aphids, and PEMV, we measured the relative expression of gene transcripts related to plant defense signaling. Rhizobia concentrations did not strongly affect the expression of defense genes associated with phytohormone signaling. Our study shows that an abundance of soil rhizobia may impact a plant's ability to tolerate stressors such as vector-borne pathogens, as well as aid in developing sustainable pest and pathogen management systems for legume crops. More broadly, understanding how variable rhizobia concentrations can optimize legume-rhizobia symbiosis may enhance the productivity of legume crops.},
}
@article {pmid38539975,
year = {2024},
author = {Korzhavina, OA and Gubareva, NV and Kitashov, AV and Britayev, TA and Ivanenko, VN},
title = {From Microscale Interactions to Macroscale Patterns in Copepod-Crinoid Symbiosis.},
journal = {Animals : an open access journal from MDPI},
volume = {14},
number = {6},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/ani14060877},
pmid = {38539975},
issn = {2076-2615},
support = {22-24-00365//Russian Science Foundation/ ; },
abstract = {Crinoids (Echinodermata) exhibit unique morphological and behavioral characteristics that facilitate a wide range of symbiotic relationships with diverse organisms. Our comprehension of their interactions with microscopic copepod crustaceans is, however, still in a nascent and fragmented state. Here, we review and discuss the 166 literature records to date in which a total of 39 copepod species in 6 families have been reported in association with 33 species of the crinoid order Comatulida. Many of these associations have been reported just once. The respective localities cover 5 of the World Ocean's 12 ecoregions, with a notable concentration of both host and symbiont diversity in the Central and Western Indo-Pacific. In contrast, the documentation of copepod-crinoid associations in the Atlantic appears markedly limited. Copepods have been found predominantly in ectosymbiotic relationships with crinoids, with a lower incidence of endosymbiosis. Copepods of the genera Collocheres Canu, 1893 and Pseudanthessius Claus, 1889 are particularly prominent in the list, and the comatulid family Comatulidae displays the most diverse assortment of copepod associations. The current scope of knowledge encompasses a mere 5% of the potential crinoid host diversity, underscoring the need for more extensive research in this area.},
}
@article {pmid38538528,
year = {2024},
author = {Chiquito-Contreras, CJ and Meza-Menchaca, T and Guzmán-López, O and Vásquez, EC and Ricaño-Rodríguez, J},
title = {Molecular Insights into Plant-Microbe Interactions: A Comprehensive Review of Key Mechanisms.},
journal = {Frontiers in bioscience (Elite edition)},
volume = {16},
number = {1},
pages = {9},
doi = {10.31083/j.fbe1601009},
pmid = {38538528},
issn = {1945-0508},
abstract = {In most ecosystems, plants establish complex symbiotic relationships with organisms, such as bacteria and fungi, which significantly influence their health by promoting or inhibiting growth. These relationships involve biochemical exchanges at the cellular level that affect plant physiology and have evolutionary implications, such as species diversification, horizontal gene transfer, symbiosis and mutualism, environmental adaptation, and positive impacts on community structure and biodiversity. For these reasons, contemporary research, moving beyond observational studies, seeks to elucidate the molecular basis of these interactions; however, gaps in knowledge remain. This is particularly noticeable in understanding how plants distinguish between beneficial and antagonistic microorganisms. In light of the above, this literature review aims to address some of these gaps by exploring the key mechanisms in common interspecies relationships. Thus, our study presents novel insights into these evolutionary archetypes, focusing on the antibiosis process and microbial signaling, including chemotaxis and quorum sensing. Additionally, it examined the biochemical basis of endophytism, pre-mRNA splicing, and transcriptional plasticity, highlighting the roles of transcription factors and epigenetic regulation in the functions of the interacting organisms. These findings emphasize the importance of understanding these confluences in natural environments, which are crucial for future theoretical and practical applications, such as improving plant nutrition, protecting against pathogens, developing transgenic crops, sustainable agriculture, and researching disease mechanisms. It was concluded that because of the characteristics of the various biomolecules involved in these biological interactions, there are interconnected molecular networks in nature that give rise to different ecological scaffolds. These networks integrate a myriad of functionally organic units that belong to various kingdoms. This interweaving underscores the complexity and multidisciplinary integration required to understand plant-microbe interactions at the molecular level. Regarding the limitations inherent in this study, it is recognized that researchers face significant obstacles. These include technical difficulties in experimentation and fieldwork, as well as the arduous task of consolidating and summarizing findings for academic articles. Challenges range from understanding complex ecological and molecular dynamics to unbiased and objective interpretation of diverse and ever-changing literature.},
}
@article {pmid38537113,
year = {2024},
author = {Beza-Beza, CF and Wiegmann, BM and Ware, JA and Petersen, M and Gunter, N and Cole, ME and Schwarz, M and Bertone, MA and Young, D and Mikaelyan, A},
title = {Chewing through challenges: Exploring the evolutionary pathways to wood-feeding in insects.},
journal = {BioEssays : news and reviews in molecular, cellular and developmental biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e2300241},
doi = {10.1002/bies.202300241},
pmid = {38537113},
issn = {1521-1878},
abstract = {Decaying wood, while an abundant and stable resource, presents considerable nutritional challenges due to its structural rigidity, chemical recalcitrance, and low nitrogen content. Despite these challenges, certain insect lineages have successfully evolved saproxylophagy (consuming and deriving sustenance from decaying wood), impacting nutrient recycling in ecosystems and carbon sequestration dynamics. This study explores the uneven phylogenetic distribution of saproxylophagy across insects and delves into the evolutionary origins of this trait in disparate insect orders. Employing a comprehensive analysis of gut microbiome data, from both saproxylophagous insects and their non-saproxylophagous relatives, including new data from unexplored wood-feeding insects, this Hypothesis paper discusses the broader phylogenetic context and potential adaptations necessary for this dietary specialization. The study proposes the "Detritivore-First Hypothesis," suggesting an evolutionary pathway to saproxylophagy through detritivory, and highlights the critical role of symbiotic gut microbiomes in the digestion of decaying wood.},
}
@article {pmid38536528,
year = {2024},
author = {Krueger, CB and Ray, JD and Smith, JR and Dhanapal, AP and Arifuzzaman, M and Gao, F and Fritschi, FB},
title = {Identification of QTLs for symbiotic nitrogen fixation and related traits in a soybean recombinant inbred line population.},
journal = {TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik},
volume = {137},
number = {4},
pages = {89},
pmid = {38536528},
issn = {1432-2242},
support = {1820-172-0118-A//United Soybean Board/ ; },
abstract = {The genetic architecture of symbiotic N fixation and related traits was investigated in the field. QTLs were identified for percent N derived from the atmosphere, shoot [N] and C to N ratio. Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] is cultivated worldwide and is the most abundant source of plant-based protein. Symbiotic N2 fixation (SNF) in legumes such as soybean is of great importance; however, yields may still be limited by N in both high yielding and stressful environments. To better understand the genetic architecture of SNF and facilitate the development of high yielding cultivars and sustainable soybean production in stressful environments, a recombinant inbred line population consisting of 190 lines, developed from a cross between PI 442012A and PI 404199, was evaluated for N derived from the atmosphere (Ndfa), N concentration ([N]), and C to N ratio (C/N) in three environments. Significant genotype, environment and genotype × environment effects were observed for all three traits. A linkage map was constructed containing 3309 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers. QTL analysis was performed for additive effects of QTLs, QTL × environment interactions, and QTL × QTL interactions. Ten unique additive QTLs were identified across all traits and environments. Of these, two QTLs were detected for Ndfa and eight for C/N. Of the eight QTLs for C/N, four were also detected for [N]. Using QTL × environment analysis, six QTLs were detected, of which five were also identified in the additive QTL analysis. The QTL × QTL analysis identified four unique epistatic interactions. The results of this study may be used for genomic selection and introgression of favorable alleles for increased SNF, [N], and C/N via marker-assisted selection.},
}
@article {pmid38535382,
year = {2024},
author = {Naveed, WA and Liu, Q and Lu, C and Huang, X},
title = {Symbiotic Bacterial Communities of Insects Feeding on the Same Plant Lineage: Distinct Composition but Congruent Function.},
journal = {Insects},
volume = {15},
number = {3},
pages = {},
pmid = {38535382},
issn = {2075-4450},
support = {31970446//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; },
abstract = {The health and diversity of plant-feeding insects are strictly linked to their host plants and mutualistic symbionts. However, the study of bacterial symbionts within different insects on the same plant lineage is very limited. This study aimed to investigate the bacterial diversity in insect samples that exclusively feed on Bambusa, representing three insect orders, Hemiptera, Lepidoptera, and Blattodea, each exhibiting distinct dietary preferences. The bacterial community was predominantly composed of Proteobacteria, Spirochaetota, Cyanobacteria, Firmicutes, and Bacteroidota. The study found significant variations in symbiotic organisms among three insect orders: hemipterans had Buchnera, lepidopterans had Acinetobacter, and blattodean had Treponema. Furthermore, the dietary preferences of these insects played a pivotal role in shaping the symbiotic relationship of insects. Proteobacteria are prevalent in sap feeders, Spirochaetota dominate in stem feeders, and Cyanobacteria are abundant in leaf feeders. Seasonal influences also affect bacterial symbionts in P. bambucicola, with Serratia present exclusively in winter. We also observed that the bacterial composition varies across all samples, but their core functions appear to be consistent. This highlights the complex relationship between host phylogeny and diet, with phylogeny being the primary driver, shaping adaptations to specialized diets.},
}
@article {pmid38535349,
year = {2024},
author = {Ponnusamy, L and Travanty, NV and Watson, DW and Seagle, SW and Boyce, RM and Reiskind, MH},
title = {Microbiome of Invasive Tick Species Haemaphysalis Longicornis in North Carolina, USA.},
journal = {Insects},
volume = {15},
number = {3},
pages = {},
pmid = {38535349},
issn = {2075-4450},
support = {567473//Vector-Borne Disease Epidemiology, Ecology, and Response (VEER)./ ; },
abstract = {Ticks are one of the most important vectors of human and animal disease worldwide. In addition to pathogens, ticks carry a diverse microbiota of symbiotic and commensal microorganisms. In this study, we used next-generation sequencing (NGS) to survey the microbiomes of Haemaphysalis longicornis (Acari: Ixodidae) at different life stages collected from field populations in North Carolina (NC), USA. Sequence analyses were performed using QIIME2 with the DADA2 plugin and taxonomic assignments using the Greengenes database. Following quality filtering and rarefaction, the bacterial DNA sequences were assigned to 4795 amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) in 105 ticks. A core microbiome of H. longicornis was conserved across all ticks analyzed, and included bacterial taxa: Coxiella, Sphingomonas, Staphylococcus, Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas, Sphingomonadaceae, Actinomycetales, and Sphingobium. Less abundant bacterial taxa, including Rickettsia and Aeromonas, were also identified in some ticks. We discovered some ASVs that are associated with human and animal infections among the identified bacteria. Alpha diversity metrics revealed significant differences in bacterial diversity between life stages. Beta diversity metrics also revealed that bacterial communities across the three life stages were significantly different, suggesting dramatic changes in the microbiome as ticks mature. Based on these results, additional investigation is necessary to determine the significance of the Haemaphysalis longicornis microbiome for animal and human health.},
}
@article {pmid38535346,
year = {2024},
author = {Adler, PH and Haouchine, S and Belqat, B and Lounaci, A},
title = {North African Endemism: A New Species of Black Fly (Diptera: Simuliidae) from the Djurdjura Mountains of Algeria.},
journal = {Insects},
volume = {15},
number = {3},
pages = {},
pmid = {38535346},
issn = {2075-4450},
support = {SC-1700596//National Institute of Food and Agriculture/ ; },
abstract = {Discoveries of endemic species highlight areas of biogeographic and conservation interest. Endemic species, however, are often morphologically disguised as more common and widespread species. The larval polytene chromosomes revealed a new species of black fly, Prosimulium fungiforme, from the Djurdjura Mountains of northern Algeria, and its female, male, pupa, and larva are described. The species is chromosomally unique; none of its 11 chromosomal rearrangements are shared with other species. Although the new species structurally resembles Prosimulium rufipes (Meigen) with which it previously has been confused, it can be distinguished from all other known species of Prosimulium in the Western Palearctic based on at least one character in each described life stage. Symbiotic organisms included two species of microsporidia, at least one of which is probably undescribed, one unknown protozoan pathogen novel in simuliids, and the trichomycete fungus Harpella melusinae Léger and Duboscq. Associated simuliid species included at least one new species of the genus Helodon. The new species of Prosimulium is tentatively considered endemic to the mountains of northern Algeria but might be expected in the mountains of eastern Morocco and northern Tunisia and perhaps in Sicily. If its endemic status holds, it would be the only nominal species of black fly unique to Algeria.},
}
@article {pmid38535234,
year = {2024},
author = {Jin, Z and Wang, G and George, TS and Zhang, L},
title = {Potential Role of Sugars in the Hyphosphere of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi to Enhance Organic Phosphorus Mobilization.},
journal = {Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {10},
number = {3},
pages = {},
pmid = {38535234},
issn = {2309-608X},
support = {2022YFD1901304//National Key R&amp;D Program of China/ ; },
abstract = {Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi engage in symbiosis with more than 80% of terrestrial plants, enlarging root phosphorus (P) absorption volume by producing extensive extraradical hyphae (ERH) in the soil. In addition, AM fungi recruit and cooperate with soil bacteria to enhance soil organic P mobilization and improve fungal and plant fitness through hyphal exudates. However, the role of the dominant compounds in the hyphal exudates in enhancing organic P mobilization in the mycorrhizal pathway is still not well understood. In this study, we added sugars, i.e., glucose, fructose, and trehalose, which are detected in the hyphal exudates, to the hyphal compartments (HCs) that allowed the ERH of the AM fungus to grow or not. The results showed that in AM fungus-inoculated pots, adding three sugars at a concentration of 2 mmol C kg[-1] soil significantly increased the phosphatase activity and facilitated the mobilization of organic P in the HCs. The addition of fructose at a concentration of 2 mmol C kg[-1] soil was the most efficient in increasing the phosphatase activity and enhancing organic P mobilization. The released inorganic P was then absorbed by the ERH of the AM fungus. The enhanced mobilization of organic P was correlated with the increase in phoD gene number and the changing bacterial community in the presence of fungal hyphae. The sugar addition enriched the relative abundance of some bacterial taxa, e.g., Betaproteobacteriales. Our study suggested that the addition of the sugars by mycorrhizae could be a pivotal strategy in managing P uptake in agricultural production, potentially directing future practices to optimize plant-fungi-bacteria interactions for improved P use efficiency.},
}
@article {pmid38535219,
year = {2024},
author = {Zhang, J and An, M and Chen, Y and Wang, S and Liang, J},
title = {Chromosome-Level Assembly and Comparative Genomic Analysis of Suillus bovinus Provides Insights into the Mechanism of Mycorrhizal Symbiosis.},
journal = {Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {10},
number = {3},
pages = {},
pmid = {38535219},
issn = {2309-608X},
support = {32370018//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; CAFYBB2019ZA001//the National Non-profit Institute Research Fund of the Chinese Academy of Forestry/ ; },
abstract = {Suillus bovinus is a wild edible ectomycorrhizal fungus with important economic and ecological value, which often forms an ectomycorrhiza with pine trees. We know little about the mechanisms associated with the metabolism and symbiosis of S. bovinus and its effects on the nutritional value. In this study, the whole-genome sequencing of S. bovinus was performed using Illumina, HiFi, and Hi-C technologies, and the sequencing data were subjected to genome assembly, gene prediction, and functional annotation to obtain a high-quality chromosome-level genome of S. bovinus. The final assembly of the S. bovinus genome includes 12 chromosomes, with a total length of 43.03 Mb, a GC content of 46.58%, and a contig N50 size of 3.78 Mb. A total of 11,199 coding protein sequences were predicted from genome annotation. The S. bovinus genome contains a large number of small secreted proteins (SSPs) and genes that encode enzymes related to carbohydrates, as well as genes related to terpenoids, auxin, and lipochitooligosaccharides. These genes may contribute to symbiotic processes. The whole-genome sequencing and genetic information provide a theoretical basis for a deeper understanding of the mechanism of the mycorrhizal symbiosis of S. bovinus and can serve as a reference for comparative genomics of ectomycorrhizal fungi.},
}
@article {pmid38535214,
year = {2024},
author = {Moya, P and Chiva, S and Pazos, T and Barreno, E and Carrasco, P and Muggia, L and Garrido-Benavent, I},
title = {Myco-Phycobiont Interactions within the "Ramalina farinacea Group": A Geographical Survey over Europe and Macaronesia.},
journal = {Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {10},
number = {3},
pages = {},
pmid = {38535214},
issn = {2309-608X},
support = {PID2021-127087NB-I00//Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation/ ; PROMETEO/2021/005//Prometeo Excellence Research Program, Generalitat Valenciana/ ; },
abstract = {Ramalina farinacea is a widely distributed epiphytic lichen from the Macaronesian archipelagos to Mediterranean and Boreal Europe. Previous studies have indicated a specific association between R. farinacea and Trebouxia microalgae species. Here, we examined the symbiotic interactions in this lichen and its closest allies (the so-called "R. farinacea group") across ten biogeographic subregions, spanning diverse macroclimates, analyzing the climatic niche of the primary phycobionts, and discussing the specificity of these associations across the studied area. The most common phycobionts in the "R. farinacea group" were T. jamesii and T. lynnae, which showed a preference for continentality and insularity, respectively. The Canarian endemic R. alisiosae associated exclusively with T. lynnae, while the other Ramalina mycobionts interacted with both microalgae. The two phycobionts exhibited extensive niche overlap in an area encompassing Mediterranean, temperate Europe, and Macaronesian localities. However, T. jamesii occurred in more diverse climate types, whereas T. lynnae preferred warmer and more humid climates, often close to the sea, which could be related to its tolerance to salinity. With the geographical perspective gained in this study, it was possible to show how the association with different phycobionts may shape the ecological adaptation of lichen symbioses.},
}
@article {pmid38535183,
year = {2024},
author = {Shen, Y and Duan, T},
title = {The Interaction between Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) and Grass Endophyte (Epichloë) on Host Plants: A Review.},
journal = {Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {10},
number = {3},
pages = {},
pmid = {38535183},
issn = {2309-608X},
support = {CARS-22 Green Manure//China Modern Agriculture Research System/ ; },
abstract = {In nature, plants frequently experience concurrent colonization with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and grass endophytes (Epichloë). These two fungi assist in mineral uptake and stress tolerance by the host. Despite the abundance of recent studies exploring the individual functions of these fungi in diverse ecosystems, research on the effects of the interaction between these two symbiotic fungi on the host, particularly in agricultural production and ecological conservation. This review provides an overview of the current knowledge regarding the interaction between AMF and grass endophytes and their synergistic effects on host plants in response to abiotic and biotic stress, while also outlining prospects for future research in this field. This knowledge not only enhances our comprehension of complex interaction effects between the two fungi, but also facilitates the optimal utilization of fungal resources, contributing to ecological construction and higher agricultural production.},
}
@article {pmid38534456,
year = {2024},
author = {Casey, W and Kumaran, T and Massey, SE and Mishra, B},
title = {How Mitochondrial Signaling Games May Shape and Stabilize the Nuclear-Mitochondrial Symbiosis.},
journal = {Biology},
volume = {13},
number = {3},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/biology13030187},
pmid = {38534456},
issn = {2079-7737},
abstract = {The eukaryotic lineage has enjoyed a long-term "stable" mutualism between nucleus and mitochondrion, since mitochondrial endosymbiosis began about 2 billion years ago. This mostly cooperative interaction has provided the basis for eukaryotic expansion and diversification, which has profoundly altered the forms of life on Earth. While we ignore the exact biochemical details of how the alpha-proteobacterial ancestor of mitochondria entered into endosymbiosis with a proto-eukaryote, in more general terms, we present a signaling games perspective of how the cooperative relationship became established, and has been maintained. While games are used to understand organismal evolution, information-asymmetric games at the molecular level promise novel insights into endosymbiosis. Using a previously devised biomolecular signaling games approach, we model a sender-receiver information asymmetric game, in which the informed mitochondrial sender signals and the uninformed nuclear receiver may take actions (involving for example apoptosis, senescence, regeneration and autophagy/mitophagy). The simulation shows that cellularization is a stabilizing mechanism for Pareto efficient sender/receiver strategic interaction. In stark contrast, the extracellular environment struggles to maintain efficient outcomes, as senders are indifferent to the effects of their signals upon the receiver. Our hypothesis has translational implications, such as in cellular therapy, as mitochondrial medicine matures. It also inspires speculative conjectures about how an analogous human-AI endosymbiosis may be engineered.},
}
@article {pmid38534421,
year = {2024},
author = {Hyder, M and Lodhi, AM and Wang, Z and Bukero, A and Gao, J and Mao, R},
title = {Wolbachia Interactions with Diverse Insect Hosts: From Reproductive Modulations to Sustainable Pest Management Strategies.},
journal = {Biology},
volume = {13},
number = {3},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/biology13030151},
pmid = {38534421},
issn = {2079-7737},
support = {32202276//National Science Foundation of China/ ; 2022GDASZH-2022010106, 2022GDASZH-2022030501-08//GDAS Special Project of Science and Technology Development/ ; KTP20210352//Guangdong Province Rural Science and Technology Commissioner Project/ ; 2023SDZG06//Top Ten Critical Priorities of Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation for the 14th Five-Year Plan of Guangdong Province/ ; },
abstract = {Effective in a variety of insect orders, including dipteran, lepidopteran, and hemipteran, Wolbachia-based control tactics are investigated, noting the importance of sterile and incompatible insect techniques. Encouraging approaches for controlling Aedes mosquitoes are necessary, as demonstrated by the evaluation of a new SIT/IIT combination and the incorporation of SIT into Drosophila suzukii management. For example, Wolbachia may protect plants from rice pests, demonstrating its potential for agricultural biological vector management. Maternal transmission and cytoplasmic incompatibility dynamics are explored, while Wolbachia phenotypic impacts on mosquito and rice pest management are examined. The importance of host evolutionary distance is emphasised in recent scale insect research that addresses host-shifting. Using greater information, a suggested method for comprehending Wolbachia host variations in various contexts emphasises ecological connectivity. Endosymbionts passed on maternally in nematodes and arthropods, Wolbachia are widely distributed around the world and have evolved both mutualistic and parasitic traits. Wolbachia is positioned as a paradigm for microbial symbiosis due to advancements in multiomics, gene functional assays, and its effect on human health. The challenges and opportunities facing Wolbachia research include scale issues, ecological implications, ethical conundrums, and the possibility of customising strains through genetic engineering. It is thought that cooperative efforts are required to include Wolbachia-based therapies into pest management techniques while ensuring responsible and sustainable ways.},
}
@article {pmid38532749,
year = {2023},
author = {Gonçalves-Nobre, JG and Matos, A and Carreira, M and Santos, AC and Veiga, LC and Ginete, C and Brito, M and Pires, M and Pereira, H and Cardoso, C and Bicho, M and Bicho, MC},
title = {The interplay between HPV, other Sexually Transmissible Infections and genital microbiome on cervical microenvironment (MicroCervixHPV study).},
journal = {Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology},
volume = {13},
number = {},
pages = {1251913},
pmid = {38532749},
issn = {2235-2988},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The importance of Cervicovaginal Microbiota in protecting against infections (such as HPV) is already well established, namely through Lactobacillus spp., as well as the mechanism through which HPV leads to Cervical Neoplasia. However, it is not possible to classify HPV as a complete carcinogen. Thus, the importance of exploring Cervicovaginal dysbiosis with the intention of deciphering this interaction with HPV, takes on greater relevance. The main objectives of this study were: 1) Comparison of the MCV composition of women with or without HPV and women with ASCUS or LSIL; 2) Characterization of cytokines present in the vaginal microenvironment; 3) Evaluation of the blood count ratios as prognostic systemic inflammatory biomarkers; 4) Correlation between MCV, HPV serotypes and cytokines.<br><br>METHODS: This was a retrospective, observational, multicenter, cross-sectional study. CVM analysis was performed by isolation RNA and sequencing on a NGS platform. Cytokine concentrations of CVM were obtained through Multiplex platform. Statistical analysis was performed in SPSS v 26.0. An &#x3b1; of 0.05 was considered statistically significant.<br><br>RESULTS: Highlighting the core of the study, CVM types of CST I and CST IV were found to influence the emergence of cervical lesions. Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte ratio was found to impact the prognosis of ASCUS. Within CVM, Lactobacillus prevent the growth of other CST IV species, while the latter express symbiotic relationships with each other and show affinity for specific HPV serotypes. At last, RANTES chemokine is significantly elevated in cervicovaginal infections.<br><br>CONCLUSION: The importance of using vaginal cytokine profiles and CVM is highlighted in the hypothesis of prevention of Cervical Neoplasia development, as well as in its use as a prognostic biomarker. Taken together, these insights are one step closer to personalized medicine.},
}
@article {pmid38532645,
year = {2024},
author = {Berrabah, F and Benaceur, F and Yin, C and Xin, D and Magne, K and Garmier, M and Gruber, V and Ratet, P},
title = {Defense and senescence interplay in legume nodules.},
journal = {Plant communications},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {100888},
doi = {10.1016/j.xplc.2024.100888},
pmid = {38532645},
issn = {2590-3462},
abstract = {Immunity and senescence play a crucial role in the functioning of the legume symbiotic nodules. The miss-regulation of one of these processes compromises the symbiosis leading to death of the endosymbiont and the arrest of the nodule functioning. The relationship between immunity and senescence is highly studied in plant organs where a synergistic response can be observed. However, the interplay between immunity and senescence in the symbiotic organ is poorly discussed in the literature and these phenomena are often mixed up. Recent studies revealed that the cooperation between immunity and senescence is not always observed in the nodule, suggesting complex interactions between these two processes within the symbiotic organ. Here, we discussed recent results on the interplay between immunity and senescence in the nodule and the specificities of this relationship during legume-rhizobium symbiosis.},
}
@article {pmid38531927,
year = {2024},
author = {Xing, L and Liu, B and Yu, D and Tang, X and Sun, J and Zhang, B},
title = {A near-complete genome assembly of Monochamus alternatus a major vector beetle of pinewood nematode.},
journal = {Scientific data},
volume = {11},
number = {1},
pages = {312},
pmid = {38531927},
issn = {2052-4463},
support = {32070486//National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China)/ ; 32088102//National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China)/ ; },
abstract = {The Japanese sawyer beetle, Monochamus alternatus, is not only one of the most important wood boring pest itself, but also a major vector of the invasive pinewood nematode (PWN), which is the causal agent of the devastative pine wilt disease (PWD) and threats the global pine forest. Here, we present a near-complete genome of M. alternatus at the chromosome level. The assembled genome was 792.05 Mb with contig N50 length of 55.99 Mb, which is the largest N50 size among the sequenced Coleoptera insects currently. 99.57% of sequence was anchored onto ten pseudochromosomes (one X-chromosome and nine autosomes), and the final genome harbored only 13 gaps. BUSCO evaluation revealed the presence of 99.0% of complete core genes. Thus, our genome assembly represented the highest-contiguity genome assembly as well as high completeness in insects so far. We identified 20,471 protein-coding genes, of which 20,070 (98.04%) were functionally annotated. The genome assembly of M. alternatus provides a valuable resource for exploring the evolution of the symbiosis between PWN and the vector insects.},
}
@article {pmid38531781,
year = {2024},
author = {Jiang, X and Li, H and Ma, J and Li, H and Ma, X and Tang, Y and Li, J and Chi, X and Deng, Y and Zeng, S and Liu, Z},
title = {Role of type VI secretion system in pathogenic remodeling of host gut microbiota during Aeromonas veronii infection.},
journal = {The ISME journal},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/ismejo/wrae053},
pmid = {38531781},
issn = {1751-7370},
abstract = {Intestinal microbial disturbance is a direct cause of host disease. The bacterial Type VI Secretion System (T6SS) often plays a crucial role in the fitness of pathogenic bacteria by delivering toxic effectors into target cells. However, its impact on the gut microbiota and host pathogenesis is poorly understood. To address this question, we characterized a new T6SS in the pathogenic Aeromonas veronii C4. First, we validated the secretion function of the core machinery of A. veronii C4 T6SS. Second, we found that the pathogenesis and colonization of A. veronii C4 is largely dependent on its T6SS. The effector secretion activity of A. veronii C4 T6SS not only provides an advantage in competition among bacteria in vitro, but also contributes to occupation of an ecological niche in the nutritionally deficient and anaerobic environment of the host intestine. Metagenomic analysis showed that the T6SS directly inhibits or eliminates symbiotic strains from the intestine, resulting in dysregulated gut microbiome homeostasis. In addition, we identified three unknown effectors, Tse1, Tse2, and Tse3, in the T6SS, which contribute to T6SS-mediated bacterial competition and pathogenesis by impairing targeted cell integrity. Our findings highlight that T6SS can remodel the host gut microbiota by intricate interplay between T6SS-mediated bacterial competition and altered host immune responses, which synergistically promote pathogenesis of A. veronii C4. Therefore, this newly characterized T6SS could represent a general interaction mechanism between the host and pathogen, and may offer a potential therapeutic target for controlling bacterial pathogens.},
}
@article {pmid38531780,
year = {2024},
author = {Lin, YT and Ip, JC and He, X and Gao, ZM and Perez, M and Xu, T and Sun, J and Qian, PY and Qiu, JW},
title = {Scallop-bacteria symbiosis from the deep sea reveals strong genomic coupling in the absence of cellular integration.},
journal = {The ISME journal},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/ismejo/wrae048},
pmid = {38531780},
issn = {1751-7370},
abstract = {Previous studies have revealed tight metabolic complementarity between bivalves and their endosymbiotic chemosynthetic bacteria, but little is known about their interactions with ectosymbionts. Our analysis of the ectosymbiosis between a deep-sea scallop (Catillopecten margaritatus) and a gammaproteobacterium showed that bivalves could be highly interdependent with their ectosymbionts as well. Our microscopic observation revealed abundant sulfur-oxidizing bacteria (SOB) on the surfaces of the gill epithelial cells. Microbial 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing of the gill tissue showed the dominance of the SOB. An analysis of the SOB genome showed that it is substantially smaller than its free-living relatives and has lost cellular components required for free-living. Genomic and transcriptomic analyses showed that this ectosymbiont relies on rhodanese-like proteins and SOX multienzyme complex for energy generation and mainly on the CBB cycle for carbon assimilation. The symbiont encodes an incomplete TCA cycle that could also assimilate inorganic carbon via a phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase. Observation of the scallop's digestive gland and its nitrogen metabolism pathways indicates it does not fully rely on the ectosymbiont for nutrition. Analysis of the host's gene expression provided evidence that it could offer intermediates for the ectosymbiont to complete its TCA cycle and some amino acid synthesis pathways using exosomes, and its phagosomes, endosomes, and lysosomes might be involved in harvesting nutrients from the symbionts. Overall, our study prompts us to rethink the intimacy between the hosts and ectosymbionts in Bivalvia and the evolution of chemosymbiosis in general.},
}
@article {pmid38531677,
year = {2024},
author = {Casaes, PA and Ferreira Dos Santos, JM and Silva, VC and Rhem, MFK and Teixeira Cota, MM and de Faria, SM and Rando, JG and James, EK and Gross, E},
title = {The radiation of nodulated Chamaecrista species from the rainforest into more diverse habitats has been accompanied by a reduction in growth form and a shift from fixation threads to symbiosomes.},
journal = {Journal of experimental botany},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/jxb/erae134},
pmid = {38531677},
issn = {1460-2431},
abstract = {All non-mimosoid nodulated genera in the legume subfamily Caesalpinioideae confine their rhizobial symbionts within cell wall-bound "fixation threads" (FTs). The exception is the large genus Chamaecrista in which shrubs and subshrubs house their rhizobial bacteroids more intimately within symbiosomes, whereas large trees have FTs. This study aimed to unravel the evolutionary relationships between Chamaecrista growth habit, habitat, nodule bacteroid type, and rhizobial genotype. The growth habit, bacteroid anatomy, and rhizobial symbionts of 30 nodulated Chamaecrista species native to different biomes in the Brazilian state of Bahia, a major centre of diversity for the genus, was plotted onto an ITS-TrnL-F-derived phylogeny of Chamaecrista. The bacteroids from most of the Chamaecrista species examined were enclosed in symbiosomes (SYM-type nodules), but those in arborescent species in the section Apoucouita, at the base of the genus, were enclosed in cell wall material containing homogalacturonan (HG) and cellulose (FT-type nodules). Most symbionts were Bradyrhizobium genotypes grouped according to the growth habits of their hosts, but the tree, C. eitenorum, was nodulated by Paraburkholderia. Chamaecrista has a range of growth habits that allow it to occupy several different biomes and to co-evolve with a wide range of (mainly) bradyrhizobial symbionts. FTs represent a less intimate symbiosis linked with nodulation losses, so the evolution of SYM-type nodules by most Chamaecrista species may have (a) aided the genus-wide retention of nodulation, and (b) assisted in its rapid speciation and radiation out of the rainforest into more diverse and challenging habitats.},
}
@article {pmid38529721,
year = {2024},
author = {Pankey, MS and Gochfeld, DJ and Gastaldi, M and Macartney, KJ and Clayshulte Abraham, A and Slattery, M and Lesser, MP},
title = {Phylosymbiosis and metabolomics resolve phenotypically plastic and cryptic sponge species in the genus Agelas across the Caribbean basin.},
journal = {Molecular ecology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e17321},
doi = {10.1111/mec.17321},
pmid = {38529721},
issn = {1365-294X},
support = {1632333//Division of Ocean Sciences/ ; 1632348//Division of Ocean Sciences/ ; 1638289//Division of Ocean Sciences/ ; 1638296//Division of Ocean Sciences/ ; },
abstract = {Fundamental to holobiont biology is recognising how variation in microbial composition and function relates to host phenotypic variation. Sponges often exhibit considerable phenotypic plasticity and also harbour dense microbial communities that function to protect and nourish hosts. One of the most prominent sponge genera on Caribbean coral reefs is Agelas. Using a comprehensive set of morphological (growth form, spicule), chemical and molecular data on 13 recognised species of Agelas in the Caribbean basin, we were able to define only five species (=clades) and found that many morphospecies designations were incongruent with phylogenomic and population genetic analyses. Microbial communities were also strongly differentiated between phylogenetic species, showing little evidence of cryptic divergence and relatively low correlation with morphospecies assignment. Metagenomic analyses also showed strong correspondence to phylogenetic species, and to a lesser extent, geographical and morphological characters. Surprisingly, the variation in secondary metabolites produced by sponge holobionts was explained by geography and morphospecies assignment, in addition to phylogenetic species, and covaried significantly with a subset of microbial symbionts. Spicule characteristics were highly plastic, under greater impact from geographical location than phylogeny. Our results suggest that while phenotypic plasticity is rampant in Agelas, morphological differences within phylogenetic species affect functionally important ecological traits, including the composition of the symbiotic microbial communities and metabolomic profiles.},
}
@article {pmid38529584,
year = {2024},
author = {Krysa, M and Susniak, K and Song, CL and Szymanska-Chargot, M and Zdunek, A and Pieta, IS and Podleśny, J and Sroka-Bartnicka, A and Kazarian, SG},
title = {Multimodal Spectroscopic Studies to Evaluate the Effect of Nod-Factor-Based Fertilizer on the Maize (Zea mays) Stem.},
journal = {Applied spectroscopy},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {37028241239358},
doi = {10.1177/00037028241239358},
pmid = {38529584},
issn = {1943-3530},
abstract = {Maize (Zea mays) is one of the most cultivated plants in the world. Due to the large area, the scale of its production, and the demand to increase the yield, there is a need for new environmentally friendly fertilizers. One group of such candidates is bacteria-produced nodulation (or nod) factors. Limited research has explored the impact of nodulation, factors on maize within field conditions, with most studies restricted to greenhouse settings and early developmental stages. Additionally, there is a scarcity of investigations that elucidate the metabolic alterations in the maize stem due to nod-factor exposure. It was therefore the aim of this study. Maize stem's metabolites and fibers were analyzed with various imaging analytical techniques: matrix assisted laser desorption ionization-mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI), Raman spectroscopy, attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR FT-IR), and diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy. Moreover, the biochemical analyses were used to evaluate the proteins and soluble carbohydrates concentration and total phenolic content. These techniques were used to evaluate the influence of nod factor-based biofertilizer on the growth of a non-symbiotic plant, maize. The biofertilizer increased the grain yield and the stem mass. Moreover, the spectroscopic and biochemical investigation proved the appreciable biochemical changes in the stems of the maize in biofertilizer-treated plants. Noticeable changes were found in the spatial distribution and the increase in the concentration of flavonoids such as maysin, quercetin, and rutin. Moreover, the concentration of cell wall components (fibers) increased. Furthermore, it was shown that the use of untargeted analyses (such as Raman and ATR FT-IR, spectroscopic imaging, and MALDI-MSI) is useful for the investigation of the biochemical changes in plants.},
}
@article {pmid38529308,
year = {2024},
author = {Tian, Y and Xu, J and Li, L and Farooq, TH and Ma, X and Wu, P},
title = {Effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis on growth and biochemical characteristics of Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) seedlings under low phosphorus environment.},
journal = {PeerJ},
volume = {12},
number = {},
pages = {e17138},
pmid = {38529308},
issn = {2167-8359},
mesh = {Humans ; Infant ; Seedlings ; *Cunninghamia ; Symbiosis ; Antioxidants/pharmacology ; *Mycorrhizae ; Chlorophyll/pharmacology ; Phosphorus/pharmacology ; *Fungi ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The continuous establishment of Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) plantations across multiple generations has led to the limited impact of soil phosphorus (P) on tree growth. This challenge poses a significant obstacle in maintaining the sustainable management of Chinese fir.<br><br>METHODS: To investigate the effects of Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on the growth and physiological characteristics of Chinese fir under different P supply treatments. We conducted an indoor pot simulation experiment in the greenhouse of the Forestry College of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University with one-and-half-year-old seedlings of Chinese fir from March 2019 to June 2019, with the two P level treatment groups included a normal P supply treatment (1.0 mmol&#xa0;L[-1] KH2PO4, P1) and a no P supply treatment (0 mmol&#xa0;L[-1] KH2PO4, P0). P0 and P1 were inoculated with Funneliformis mosseae (F.m) or Rhizophagus intraradices (R.i) or not inoculated with AMF treatment. The AMF colonization rate in the root system, seedling height (SH), root collar diameter (RCD) growth, chlorophyll (Chl) photosynthetic characteristics, enzyme activities, and endogenous hormone contents of Chinese fir were estimated.<br><br>RESULTS: The results showed that the colonization rate of F.m in the roots of Chinese fir seedlings was the highest at P0, up to 85.14%, which was 1.66 times that of P1. Under P0 and P1 treatment, root inoculation with either F.m or R.i promoted SH growth, the SH of R.i treatment was 1.38 times and 1.05 times that of F.m treatment, respectively. In the P1 treatment, root inoculation with either F.m or R.i inhibited RCD growth. R.i inhibited RCD growth more aggressively than F.m. In the P0 treatment, root inoculation with F.m and R.i reduced the inhibitory effect of phosphorus deficiency on RCD. At this time, there was no significant difference in RCD between F.m, R.i and CK treatments (p < 0.05). AMF inoculation increased Fm, Fv, Fv/Fm, and Fv/Fo during the chlorophyll fluorescence response in the tested Chinese fir seedlings. Under the two phosphorus supply levels, the trend of Fv and Fm of Chinese fir seedlings in different treatment groups was F.m > R.i > CK. Under P0 treatment, The values of Fv were 235.86, 221.86 and 147.71, respectively. The values of Fm were 287.57, 275.71 and 201.57, respectively. It increased the antioxidant enzyme activity and reduced the leaf's malondialdehyde (MDA) content to a certain extent.<br><br>CONCLUSION: It is concluded that AMF can enhance the photosynthetic capacity of the host, regulate the distribution of endogenous hormones in plants, and promote plant growth by increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes. When the P supply is insufficient, AMF is more helpful to plants, and R.i is more effective than F.m in alleviating P starvation stress in Chinese fir.},
}
@article {pmid38529060,
year = {2024},
author = {Sinharoy, S and Tian, CF and Montiel, J},
title = {Editorial: Plant-rhizobia symbiosis and nitrogen fixation in legumes.},
journal =