@article {pmid34525430,
year = {2021},
author = {Ferretto, A and Brooker, R and Matthews, R and Smith, P},
title = {Climate change and drinking water from Scottish peatlands: Where increasing DOC is an issue?.},
journal = {Journal of environmental management},
volume = {300},
number = {},
pages = {113688},
doi = {10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113688},
pmid = {34525430},
issn = {1095-8630},
abstract = {Increasing levels of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) have been detected in the last decades in water bodies of the Northern hemisphere, and climate change might fuel this rise. For drinking water reservoirs located in peatland catchments, already subjected to elevated amounts of DOC that needs to be removed, this might pose a further problem. Scotland is predicted to face warmer temperatures and a change in rainfall patterns, which will result in more frequent and severe summer droughts and in heavier winter precipitation. These conditions are not ideal for peatlands, which may undergo a drastic reduction in area. Using two bioclimatic envelope models (Blanket bog Tree model and Lindsay Modified model) that project blanket bog distribution in Scotland in the 2050s, we extracted the area of blanket bog that is at risk of loss. Assuming that part of the carbon stored in this area is likely to be lost, we calculated how much of it could be added to DOC in catchments that contain public drinking water reservoirs each year. This analysis is a first estimate of the risk for the provision of drinking water from peatlands in Scotland due to climate change. The aim is to identify the catchments that may face the highest consequences of future climates in terms of the concentration of DOC ([DOC]), where more sophisticated water treatments might be needed. Our results show a great variability among the catchments, with only a few being unaffected by this problem, whereas others could experience substantial seasonal increase in [DOC]. This highlights the necessity to frequently monitor DOC levels in the reservoirs located in catchments where the major problems could arise, and to take the necessary measures to reduce it. Given that peatland condition and vegetation cover play a fundamental role in influencing DOC losses, this study also offers an indication of where peatland restoration might be useful to counteract the projected DOC increase and bring the highest benefits in terms of safe drinking water provision.},
}

@article {pmid34524106,
year = {2021},
author = {Bhawra, J and Skinner, K and Favel, D and Green, B and Coates, K and Katapally, TR},
title = {The Food Equity and Environmental Data Sovereignty (FEEDS) Project: Protocol for a Quasi-Experimental Study Evaluating a Digital Platform for Climate Change Preparedness.},
journal = {JMIR research protocols},
volume = {10},
number = {9},
pages = {e31389},
doi = {10.2196/31389},
pmid = {34524106},
issn = {1929-0748},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Despite having the tools at our disposal to enable an adequate food supply for all people, inequities in food acquisition, distribution, and most importantly, food sovereignty, worsen food insecurity. The detrimental impact of climate change on food systems and mental health is further exacerbated by a lack of food sovereignty. We urgently require innovative solutions to enable food sovereignty, minimize food insecurity, and address climate change-related mental distress (ie, solastalgia). Indigenous communities have a wealth of Traditional Knowledge for climate change adaptation and preparedness to strengthen food systems. Traditional Knowledge combined with Western methods can revolutionize ethical data collection, engagement, and knowledge mobilization.

OBJECTIVE: The Food Equity and Environmental Data Sovereignty (FEEDS) Project takes a participatory action, citizen science approach for early detection and warning of climate change impacts on food sovereignty, food security, and solastalgia. The aim of this project is to develop and implement a sustainable digital platform that enables real-time decision-making to mitigate climate change-related impacts on food systems and mental well-being.

METHODS: Citizen science enables citizens to actively contribute to all aspects of the research process. The FEEDS Project is being implemented in five phases: participatory project planning, digital climate change platform customization, community-led evaluation, digital platform and project refinement, and integrated knowledge translation. The project is governed by a Citizen Scientist Advisory Council comprising Elders, Traditional Knowledge Keepers, key community decision makers, youth, and FEEDS Project researchers. The Council governs all phases of the project, including coconceptualizing a climate change platform, which consists of a smartphone app and a digital decision-making dashboard. Apart from capturing environmental and health-related big data (eg, weather, permafrost degradation, fire hazards, and human movement), the custom-built app uses artificial intelligence to engage and enable citizens to report on environmental hazards, changes in biodiversity or wildlife, and related food and mental health issues in their communities. The app provides citizens with valuable information to mitigate health-related risks and relays big data in real time to a digital dashboard.

RESULTS: This project is currently in phase 1, with the subarctic Métis jurisdiction of Île-à-la-Crosse, Saskatchewan, Canada.

CONCLUSIONS: The FEEDS Project facilitates Indigenous Peoples' self-determination, governance, and data sovereignty. All citizen data are anonymous and encrypted, and communities have ownership, access, control, and possession of their data. The digital dashboard system provides decision makers with real-time data, thereby increasing the capacity to self-govern. The participatory action research approach, combined with digital citizen science, advances the cocreation of knowledge and multidisciplinary collaboration in the digital age. Given the urgency of climate change, leveraging technology provides communities with tools to respond to existing and emerging crises in a timely manner, as well as scientific evidence regarding the urgency of current health and environmental issues.

PRR1-10.2196/31389.},
}

@article {pmid34523842,
year = {2021},
author = {Quarsie, J and van de Pas, R and Fanoy, E and van den Hazel, P},
title = {[The impact of climate change on health in the Netherlands: the latest insights].},
journal = {Nederlands tijdschrift voor geneeskunde},
volume = {165},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {34523842},
issn = {1876-8784},
abstract = {This synthesis provides the latest insights into the impact of climate change in the Netherlands for which five separate health effects are particularly relevant. Climate change is associated with increased frequency, intensity and duration of heat waves. Major heat-related health risks include heat stroke, exacerbations of renal dysfunction due to dehydration and cardiovascular disease due to overheating. Climate change is associated with more hours of sunshine and more ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Heat and air pollution, both effects of climate change, lead to significant cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Climate change is associated with an increase in water, food and vector-related infectious diseases due to, among other things, an increased temperature, increased water recreation and an altered water quality. Another effect is an increase in allergies and respiratory complaints via the prolongation and intensification of the pollen season. Our conclusion is that climate change in the Netherlands mainly entails negative health effects.},
}

@article {pmid34523189,
year = {2021},
author = {Nomaki, H and Rastelli, E and Ogawa, NO and Matsui, Y and Tsuchiya, M and Manea, E and Corinaldesi, C and Hirai, M and Ohkouchi, N and Danovaro, R and Nunoura, T and Amaro, T},
title = {In situ experimental evidences for responses of abyssal benthic biota to shifts in phytodetritus compositions linked to global climate change.},
journal = {Global change biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/gcb.15882},
pmid = {34523189},
issn = {1365-2486},
abstract = {Abyssal plains cover more than half of Earth's surface, and the main food source in these ecosystems is phytodetritus, mainly originating from primary producers in the euphotic zone of the ocean. Global climate change is influencing phytoplankton abundance, productivity and distributions. Increasing importance of picoplankton over diatom as primary producers in surface oceans (especially projected for higher latitudes) is projected and hence altering the quantity of organic carbon supplied to the abyssal seafloor as phytodetritus, consequences of which remain largely unknown. Here, we investigated the in situ responses of abyssal biota from viruses to megafauna to different types of phytoplankton input (diatoms or cyanobacteria which were labelled with stable isotopes) at equatorial (oligotrophic) and temperate (eutrophic) benthic sites in the Pacific Ocean (respectively, 1°N at 4277 m water depth, and 39°N at 5260 m water depth). Our results show that meiofauna and macrofauna generally preferred diatoms as a food source and played a relatively larger role in the consumption of phytodetritus at higher latitudes (39°N). Contrarily, prokaryotes and viruses showed similar or even stronger responses to cyanobacterial than to diatom supply. Moreover, the response of prokaryotes and viruses was very rapid (within 1-2 days) at both 1°N and 39°N, with quickest responses reported in case of cyanobacterial supply at higher latitudes. Overall, our results suggest that benthic deep-sea eukaryotes will be negatively affected by the predicted decrease of diatoms in surface oceans, especially at higher latitudes, where benthic prokaryotes and viruses will otherwise likely increase their quantitative role and organic carbon cycling rates. In turn, such changes can contribute to decrease carbon transfer to higher trophic levels, with strong potential to affect oceanic food webs, their biodiversity and consequently carbon sequestration capacity at the global scale.},
}

@article {pmid34522363,
year = {2021},
author = {Changjun, G and Yanli, T and Linshan, L and Bo, W and Yili, Z and Haibin, Y and Xilong, W and Zhuoga, Y and Binghua, Z and Bohao, C},
title = {Predicting the potential global distribution of Ageratina adenophora under current and future climate change scenarios.},
journal = {Ecology and evolution},
volume = {11},
number = {17},
pages = {12092-12113},
doi = {10.1002/ece3.7974},
pmid = {34522363},
issn = {2045-7758},
abstract = {Aim: Invasive alien species (IAS) threaten ecosystems and humans worldwide, and future climate change may accelerate the expansion of IAS. Predicting the suitable areas of IAS can prevent their further expansion. Ageratina adenophora is an invasive weed over 30 countries in tropical and subtropical regions. However, the potential suitable areas of A. adenophora remain unclear along with its response to climate change. This study explored and mapped the current and future potential suitable areas of Ageratina adenophora.

Location: Global.

Taxa: Asteraceae A. adenophora (Spreng.) R.M.King & H.Rob. Commonly known as Crofton weed.

Methods: Based on A. adenophora occurrence data and climate data, we predicted its suitable areas of this weed under current and future (four RCPs in 2050 and 2070) by MaxEnt model. We used ArcGIS 10.4 to explore the potential suitable area distribution characteristics of this weed and the "ecospat" package in R to analyze its altitudinal distribution changes.

Results: The area under the curve (AUC) value (>0.9) and true skill statistics (TSS) value (>0.8) indicated excelled model performance. Among environment factors, mean temperature of coldest quarter contributed most to the model. Globally, the suitable areas for A. adenophora invasion decreased under climate change scenarios, although regional increases were observed, including in six biodiversity hotspot regions. The potential suitable areas of A. adenophora under climate change would expand in regions with higher elevation (3,000-3,500 m).

Main conclusions: Mean temperature of coldest quarter was the most important variable influencing the potential suitable area of A. Adenophora. Under the background of a warming climate, the potential suitable area of A. adenophora will shrink globally but increase in six biodiversity hotspot regions. The potential suitable area of A. adenophora would expand at higher elevation (3,000-3,500 m) under climate change. Mountain ecosystems are of special concern as they are rich in biodiversity and sensitive to climate change, and increasing human activities provide more opportunities for IAS invasion.},
}

@article {pmid34519355,
year = {2021},
author = {Arietta, ZA and Skelly, DK},
title = {Rapid microgeographic evolution in response to climate change.},
journal = {Evolution; international journal of organic evolution},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/evo.14350},
pmid = {34519355},
issn = {1558-5646},
abstract = {Environmental change is predicted to accelerate into the future and will exert strong selection pressure on biota. While many species may be fated to extinction, others may survive through their capacity to evolve rapidly at highly localized (i.e. microgeographic) scales. Yet, even as new examples have been discovered, the limits to such evolutionary responses have not often been evaluated. One of the first examples of microgeographic variation involved pond populations of wood frogs (Rana sylvatica). Although separated by just tens to hundreds of meters, these populations exhibited countergradient variation in intrinsic embryonic development rates when reared in a common garden. We repeated this experiment 17 years (approx. 6-9 generations) later and found that microgeographic variation persists in contemporary populations. Furthermore, we found that contemporary embryos have evolved to develop 14% to 19% faster than those in 2001. Structural equation models indicate that the predominant cause for this response is likely due to changes in climate over the intervening 17 years. Despite potential for rapid and fine-scale evolution, demographic declines in populations experiencing the greatest changes in climate and habitat imply a limit to the species' ability to mitigate extreme environmental change. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.},
}

@article {pmid34519006,
year = {2021},
author = {Jin, K and Wang, F and Zong, Q and Qin, P and Liu, C and Wang, S},
title = {Spatiotemporal differences in climate change impacts on vegetation cover in China from 1982 to 2015.},
journal = {Environmental science and pollution research international},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {34519006},
issn = {1614-7499},
support = {665/1120041//Foundation of High-level Talents of Qingdao Agricultural University/ ; 663/1120104//Foundation of High-level Talents of Qingdao Agricultural University/ ; },
abstract = {The impacts of climate change on vegetation cover in different regions in China are not entirely clear because of the interference of non-climatic factors, such as human activity. This study aims to analyze the spatiotemporal differences in climate impacts qualitatively and quantitatively by applying trend, correlation, and multiple linear regression (MLR) analyses to the data of Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and two climatic factors (air temperature and precipitation) during 1982-2015 in China. The MLR equation linking two climatic variables with NDVI was used to identify the NDVI trend caused by climate change. We demonstrated that the central and eastern regions of China, dominated by deciduous and evergreen broadleaf forests, experienced a rapid increase in NDVI from 1982 to 2015. The response of NDVI to variations in temperature and precipitation exhibited large spatiotemporal differences across China, which was closely related to climatic conditions and vegetation types. Overall, warming, particularly the sharp rise in spring, was the main climatic driving force behind China's NDVI increase, and precipitation also influenced the NDVI increase in temperate grassland and desert regions due to the relatively arid climate, particularly in summer. The contributions of climate change to the total NDVI trend (CC) showed a large spatiotemporal heterogeneity across China. Overall, only 45% of the pixels (with a resolution of 8 km) in the study area showed that the MLR equations between NDVI and two climatic factors were significant at the 0.05 significance level during the growing season (April-October), and the average CC of these pixels was 38%. Among the eight vegetation sub-regions of China, the temperate desert and Qinghai-Tibet Plateau alpine meadow regions generally exhibited relatively larger CCs than other vegetation sub-regions in different seasons. At a national scale, the regional average CC reached 64% during the growing season. These results at multiple scales can help to deeply understand the mechanisms of regional environmental variation and sustainability.},
}

@article {pmid34519004,
year = {2021},
author = {Ji, S and Ren, S and Li, Y and Fang, J and Zhao, D and Liu, J},
title = {The response of net primary productivity to climate change and its impact on hydrology in a water-limited agricultural basin.},
journal = {Environmental science and pollution research international},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {34519004},
issn = {1614-7499},
support = {32071523//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; ZR2017MC013//Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province, China/ ; },
abstract = {Climate change has remarkably altered growing-season vegetation growth, but the impacts of vegetation variability on the regional hydrological cycle remain poorly understood. Exploring the relationships between climate change, vegetation dynamics, and hydrologic factors would contribute to the sustainable management of ecosystems. Here, we investigated the response of vegetation dynamics to climate change and its impact on hydrologic factors in a traditional agricultural basin with limited water resources in China, Nansi Lake Basin (NLB). To this end, CASA (Carnegie-Ames-Stanford Approach) model and the SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) model were applied to simulate the net primary productivity (NPP), evapotranspiration (ET), and soil water in the growing season (April-October) from 2000 to 2016. Results showed that the mean growing-season NPP (NPPGS) exhibited an ascending trend at a rate of 2.93 g C/m2/year during the 17-year period. The intra-annual variation of NPPGS displayed two peaks in May and July, respectively. The first peak in May was accompanied by relative deficits in soil water, which might inhibit vegetation productivity. Precipitation was the principal climatic factor controlling NPPGS dynamics in the water-limited NLB. The positive influence of temperature on NPPGS was relatively weak, and even future warming could negatively affect ecosystem productivity in the south-central regions of the NLB. Furthermore, a strongly positive relationship between NPPGS and ET was detected, suggesting that increasing NPP in the future might stimulate the rise in ET and then exacerbate drought at the watershed scale. This study provides an integrated model for a comprehensive understanding of the interaction between vegetation, climate, and hydrological cycle, and highlights the importance of water-saving agriculture for future food security.},
}

@article {pmid34518797,
year = {2021},
author = {Ebi, KL and Bowen, KJ and Calkins, J and Chen, M and Huq, S and Nalau, J and Palutikof, JP and Rosenzweig, C},
title = {Interactions between two existential threats: COVID-19 and climate change.},
journal = {Climate risk management},
volume = {34},
number = {},
pages = {100363},
doi = {10.1016/j.crm.2021.100363},
pmid = {34518797},
issn = {2212-0963},
abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic and climate change are complex existential threats, unpredictable in many ways and unprecedented in modern times. There are parallels between the scale and scope of their impacts and responses. Understanding shared drivers, coupled vulnerabilities, and criteria for effective responses will help societies worldwide prepare for the simultaneous threats of climate change and future pandemics. We summarize some shared characteristics of COVID-19 and climate change impacts and interventions and discuss key policy implications and recommendations.},
}

@article {pmid34518621,
year = {2021},
author = {Chowdhury, MAW and Müller, J and Varela, S},
title = {Climate change and the increase of human population will threaten conservation of Asian cobras.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {11},
number = {1},
pages = {18113},
pmid = {34518621},
issn = {2045-2322},
support = {91609101//German Academic Exchange Service/ ; 947921/ERC_/European Research Council/International ; },
abstract = {Asian cobras (genus Naja) are venomous snakes distributed from the Middle East to Southeast Asia. Because cobras often live near humans settlements, they are responsible for a large part of snakebite incidents and as such pose a challenge for public health systems. In the light of growing human populations, correctly mapping the present and future ranges of Asian cobras is therefore important for both biological conservation and public health management. Here, we mapped the potential climatic niches of ten Asian cobra species for both the present and the future, with the aim to quantify changes in climate and human population densities relative to their current and future ranges. Our analyses reveal that cobras that are adapted to dry climates and inhabit islands have narrow climatic niches, while those of mainland species with larger geographic ranges are much wider. We also found a higher degree of fragmentation of future cobra distributions; within the next 50 years, Asian cobras will lose an average of around 60% of their current suitable climatic range. In the near future, Naja mandalayensis, N. sputatrix, N. samarensis, and N. philippinensis are likely to have no accessible suitable climate space left. Besides, a further increase of human populations in this region may also exponentially accelerate the effects of anthropogenic impacts. Solutions for conservation may involve awareness and appropriate use of law to overcome the rate of habitat degradation and the increase of animal trade of Asian cobras, while promoting investment on health systems to avoid snakebite fatalities.},
}

@article {pmid34518595,
year = {2021},
author = {Martinez, S and Bellworthy, J and Ferrier-Pagès, C and Mass, T},
title = {Selection of mesophotic habitats by Oculina patagonica in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea following global warming.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {11},
number = {1},
pages = {18134},
pmid = {34518595},
issn = {2045-2322},
support = {2019653//United States-Israel Binational Science Foundation/ ; },
abstract = {Globally, species are migrating in an attempt to track optimal isotherms as climate change increasingly warms existing habitats. Stony corals are severely threatened by anthropogenic warming, which has resulted in repeated mass bleaching and mortality events. Since corals are sessile as adults and with a relatively old age of sexual maturity, they are slow to latitudinally migrate, but corals may also migrate vertically to deeper, cooler reefs. Herein we describe vertical migration of the Mediterranean coral Oculina patagonica from less than 10 m depth to > 30 m. We suggest that this range shift is a response to rapidly warming sea surface temperatures on the Israeli Mediterranean coastline. In contrast to the vast latitudinal distance required to track temperature change, this species has migrated deeper where summer water temperatures are up to 2 °C cooler. Comparisons of physiology, morphology, trophic position, symbiont type, and photochemistry between deep and shallow conspecifics revealed only a few depth-specific differences. At this study site, shallow colonies typically inhabit low light environments (caves, crevices) and have a facultative relationship with photosymbionts. We suggest that this existing phenotype aided colonization of the mesophotic zone. This observation highlights the potential for other marine species to vertically migrate.},
}

@article {pmid34517682,
year = {2005},
author = {Jump, AS and Peñuelas, J},
title = {Running to stand still: adaptation and the response of plants to rapid climate change.},
journal = {Ecology letters},
volume = {8},
number = {9},
pages = {1010-1020},
doi = {10.1111/j.1461-0248.2005.00796.x},
pmid = {34517682},
issn = {1461-0248},
abstract = {Climate is a potent selective force in natural populations, yet the importance of adaptation in the response of plant species to past climate change has been questioned. As many species are unlikely to migrate fast enough to track the rapidly changing climate of the future, adaptation must play an increasingly important role in their response. In this paper we review recent work that has documented climate-related genetic diversity within populations or on the microgeographical scale. We then describe studies that have looked at the potential evolutionary responses of plant populations to future climate change. We argue that in fragmented landscapes, rapid climate change has the potential to overwhelm the capacity for adaptation in many plant populations and dramatically alter their genetic composition. The consequences are likely to include unpredictable changes in the presence and abundance of species within communities and a reduction in their ability to resist and recover from further environmental perturbations, such as pest and disease outbreaks and extreme climatic events. Overall, a range-wide increase in extinction risk is likely to result. We call for further research into understanding the causes and consequences of the maintenance and loss of climate-related genetic diversity within populations.},
}

@article {pmid34517321,
year = {2021},
author = {Fotso-Nguemo, TC and Vondou, DA and Diallo, I and Diedhiou, A and Weber, T and Tanessong, RS and Nghonda, JP and Yepdo, ZD},
title = {Potential impact of 1.5, 2 and 3 °C global warming levels on heat and discomfort indices changes over Central Africa.},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
volume = {804},
number = {},
pages = {150099},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150099},
pmid = {34517321},
issn = {1879-1026},
abstract = {Investigating the effects of the increased global warming through the lens of the Paris agreements would be of particular importance for Central African countries, which are already experiencing multiple socio-political and socio-economic constraints, but are also subject to severe natural hazards that interact to limit their adaptive capacity and thus increase their vulnerability to the adverse effects of climate change. This study explores changes in heat stress and the proportion of population at risk of discomfort over Central Africa, based on an ensemble-mean of high-resolution regional climate model simulations that cover a 30-year period, under 1.5, 2 and 3 °C Global Warming Levels (GWLs). The heat index was computed according to Rothfusz's equation, while the discomfort index was obtained from Thom's formula. The results show that throughout the year but with a predominance from March to August, the spatial extent of both heat and discomfort categories is projected to gradually increase according to the considered GWLs (nearly threefold for an increasing warming thresholds from 1.5 to 3 °C). As these heat conditions become more frequent, they lead to the emergence of days with potentially dangerous heat-related risks, where almost everyone feels discomfort due to heat stress. It thus appears that the majority of populations living in countries located along the Atlantic coast and in the northern and central part of the study area are likely to be more vulnerable to certain health problems, which could have repercussions on the socio-economic development of the sub-region through decreased workers' productivity and increased cooling degree days. Overall, these heat-related risks are more extended and more frequent when the GWL reaches 2 °C and above.},
}

@article {pmid34516851,
year = {2021},
author = {Jackson, ST},
title = {Transformational ecology and climate change.},
journal = {Science (New York, N.Y.)},
volume = {373},
number = {6559},
pages = {1085-1086},
doi = {10.1126/science.abj6777},
pmid = {34516851},
issn = {1095-9203},
abstract = {[Figure: see text].},
}

@article {pmid34512597,
year = {2021},
author = {Kumar, V and Sarma, VV and Thambugala, KM and Huang, JJ and Li, XY and Hao, GF},
title = {Ecology and Evolution of Marine Fungi With Their Adaptation to Climate Change.},
journal = {Frontiers in microbiology},
volume = {12},
number = {},
pages = {719000},
doi = {10.3389/fmicb.2021.719000},
pmid = {34512597},
issn = {1664-302X},
abstract = {Climate change agitates interactions between organisms and the environment and forces them to adapt, migrate, get replaced by others, or extinct. Marine environments are extremely sensitive to climate change that influences their ecological functions and microbial community including fungi. Fungi from marine habitats are engaged and adapted to perform diverse ecological functions in marine environments. Several studies focus on how complex interactions with the surrounding environment affect fungal evolution and their adaptation. However, a review addressing the adaptation of marine fungi to climate change is still lacking. Here we have discussed the adaptations of fungi in the marine environment with an example of Hortaea werneckii and Aspergillus terreus which may help to reduce the risk of climate change impacts on marine environments and organisms. We address the ecology and evolution of marine fungi and the effects of climate change on them to explain the adaptation mechanism. A review of marine fungal adaptations will show widespread effects on evolutionary biology and the mechanism responsible for it.},
}

@article {pmid34512582,
year = {2021},
author = {Knapp, D and Fernández Castro, B and Marty, D and Loher, E and Köster, O and Wüest, A and Posch, T},
title = {The Red Harmful Plague in Times of Climate Change: Blooms of the Cyanobacterium Planktothrix rubescens Triggered by Stratification Dynamics and Irradiance.},
journal = {Frontiers in microbiology},
volume = {12},
number = {},
pages = {705914},
doi = {10.3389/fmicb.2021.705914},
pmid = {34512582},
issn = {1664-302X},
abstract = {Planktothrix rubescens is a harmful planktonic cyanobacterium, forming concentrated metalimnetic populations in deep oligo- and mesotrophic lakes, even after successful restoration. In Lake Zurich (Switzerland), P. rubescens emerged as a keystone species with annual mass developments since the 1970s. Its success was partly attributed to effects of lake warming, such as changes in thermal stratification and seasonal deep mixing. However, recent observations based on a biweekly monitoring campaign (2009-2020) revealed two massive breakdowns and striking seasonal oscillations of the population. Here, we disentangle positive from negative consequences of secular lake warming and annual variations in weather conditions on P. rubescens dynamics: (i) despite the high survival rates of overwintering populations (up to 25%) during three consecutive winters (2014-2016) of incomplete deep convective mixing, cyanobacterial regrowth during the following stratified season was moderate and not overshooting a distinct standing stock threshold. Moreover, we recorded a negative trend for annual population maxima and total population size, pointing to a potential nutrient limitation after a series of incomplete winter mixing. Thus, the predication of steadily increasing blooms of P. rubescens could not be confirmed for the last decade. (ii) The seasonal reestablishment of P. rubescens was strongly coupled with a timely formation of a stable metalimnion structure, where the first positive net growth in the following productive summer season was observed. The trigger for the vertical positioning of filaments within the metalimnion was irradiance and not maximal water column stability. Repetitive disruptions of the vernal metalimnion owing to unstable weather conditions, as in spring 2019, went in parallel with a massive breakdown of the standing stock and marginal regrowth during thermal stratification. (iii) Driven by light intensity, P. rubescens was entrained into the turbulent epilimnion in autumn, followed by a second peak in population growth. Thus, the typical bimodal growth pattern was still intact during the last decade. Our long-term study highlights the finely tuned interplay between climate-induced changes and variability of thermal stratification dynamics and physiological traits of P. rubescens, determining its survival in a mesotrophic temperate lake.},
}

@article {pmid34512442,
year = {2021},
author = {Shah, M and Seraj, S and Pennebaker, JW},
title = {Climate Denial Fuels Climate Change Discussions More Than Local Climate-Related Disasters.},
journal = {Frontiers in psychology},
volume = {12},
number = {},
pages = {682057},
doi = {10.3389/fpsyg.2021.682057},
pmid = {34512442},
issn = {1664-1078},
abstract = {Most scientists agree that climate change is the largest existential threat of our time. Despite the magnitude of the threat, surprisingly few climate-related discussions take place on social media. What factors drive online discussions about climate change? In this study, we examined the occurrence of Reddit discussions around three types of climate-related events: natural disasters (e.g., hurricanes, wildfires), political events (i.e., 2016 United States Presidential election), and policy events (i.e., United States' withdrawal from Paris Climate Agreement, release of IPCC report). The objective was to understand how different types of events influence collective action as measured by discussions of climate change. Six large US cities were selected based on the occurrence of at least one locally-relevant natural disaster since 2014. Posts (N = 4.4 million) from subreddits of the selected cities were collected to obtain a six-month period before and after local natural disasters as well as climate-related political and policy events (which applied equally to all cities). Climate change discussions increased significantly for all three types of events, with the highest discussion during the 2016 elections. Further, discussions returned to baseline levels within 2 months following natural disasters and policy events but continued at elevated rates for up to 4 months following the 2016 elections. The findings suggest that collective discussions on climate change are driven more by political leaders' controversial positions than life-threatening local natural disasters themselves. Implications for collective action are discussed.},
}

@article {pmid34509385,
year = {2021},
author = {Jacobs, JW},
title = {The impact of climate change and emerging infectious diseases on the blood supply.},
journal = {Transfusion and apheresis science : official journal of the World Apheresis Association : official journal of the European Society for Haemapheresis},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {103272},
doi = {10.1016/j.transci.2021.103272},
pmid = {34509385},
issn = {1473-0502},
}

@article {pmid34507988,
year = {2021},
author = {Nisa, CF and Bélanger, JJ and Schumpe, BM and Sasin, EM},
title = {Secure human attachment can promote support for climate change mitigation.},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
volume = {118},
number = {37},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1073/pnas.2101046118},
pmid = {34507988},
issn = {1091-6490},
abstract = {Attachment theory is an ethological approach to the development of durable, affective ties between humans. We propose that secure attachment is crucial for understanding climate change mitigation, because the latter is inherently a communal phenomenon resulting from joint action and requiring collective behavioral change. Here, we show that priming attachment security increases acceptance (Study 1: n = 173) and perceived responsibility toward anthropogenic climate change (Study 2: n = 209) via increased empathy for others. Next, we demonstrate that priming attachment security, compared to a standard National Geographic video about climate change, increases monetary donations to a proenvironmental group in politically moderate and conservative individuals (Study 3: n = 196). Finally, through a preregistered field study conducted in the United Arab Emirates (Study 4: n = 143,558 food transactions), we show that, compared to a message related to carbon emissions, an attachment security-based message is associated with a reduction in food waste. Taken together, our work suggests that an avenue to promote climate change mitigation could be grounded in core ethological mechanisms associated with secure attachment.},
}

@article {pmid34506636,
year = {2021},
author = {Hajek, OL and Knapp, AK},
title = {Shifting seasonal patterns of water availability: ecosystem responses to an unappreciated dimension of climate change.},
journal = {The New phytologist},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/nph.17728},
pmid = {34506636},
issn = {1469-8137},
abstract = {Seasonal patterns of water availability can differ dramatically among ecosystems, with well-known consequences for ecosystem structure and functioning. Less appreciated is that climate change can shift the seasonality of water availability (e.g., to wetter springs, drier summers), resulting in both subtle and profound ecological impacts. Here we 1) review evidence that the seasonal availability of water is being altered in ecosystems worldwide, 2) explore several mechanisms potentially driving these changes, and 3) highlight the breadth of ecological consequences resulting from shifts in the seasonality of water availability. We conclude that seasonal patterns of water availability are changing globally, but in regionally specific ways requiring more rigorous and nuanced assessments of ecosystem vulnerability as well as the ecological consequences.},
}

@article {pmid34506547,
year = {2021},
author = {Kural, E and Dellmuth, LM and Gustafsson, MT},
title = {International organizations and climate change adaptation: A new dataset for the social scientific study of adaptation, 1990-2017.},
journal = {PloS one},
volume = {16},
number = {9},
pages = {e0257101},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0257101},
pmid = {34506547},
issn = {1932-6203},
abstract = {This article introduces a new dataset on the climate change adaptation activities of international organizations (IOs). While climate change adaptation has been studied at the local level and in the context of major climate organizations, such as the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, we provide a first quantitative dataset on non-environmental IOs that can be linked to different social scientific datasets relevant for adaptation. Our new dataset contains information on the governance activities of 30 IOs from 1990 to 2017. Based on this dataset, we introduce different types of adaptation-related activities and develop a quantitative measure of IOs' climate adaptation engagement. We map the adaptation engagement of the 30 IOs across organizations, across issue areas, and over time. This dataset can be used to compare adaptation activities across and within IOs, but also as an empirical foundation for the emerging research field of global adaptation governance, for which IO climate change adaptation activities are relevant.},
}

@article {pmid34505690,
year = {2021},
author = {Jarvis, S},
title = {Changing course on climate change.},
journal = {The Veterinary record},
volume = {189},
number = {5},
pages = {171},
doi = {10.1002/vetr.878},
pmid = {34505690},
issn = {2042-7670},
}

@article {pmid34505010,
year = {2021},
author = {Gøtske, EK and Victoria, M},
title = {Future operation of hydropower in Europe under high renewable penetration and climate change.},
journal = {iScience},
volume = {24},
number = {9},
pages = {102999},
doi = {10.1016/j.isci.2021.102999},
pmid = {34505010},
issn = {2589-0042},
abstract = {As large renewable capacities penetrate the European energy system and the climate faces significant alterations, the future operation of hydropower reservoirs might deviate from today. In this work, we first analyze the changes in hydropower operation required to balance a wind- and solar-dominated European energy system. Second, we apply runoff data obtained from combining five different global circulation models and two regional climate models to estimate future reservoir inflow at three CO2 emissions scenarios (RCP2.6, RCP4.5, and RCP8.5). This enables us to address the climate model uncertainty reported in previous literature. Despite large interannual and intermodel variability, significant changes are measured in the climate model signal between today and future climate. Annual inflow decreases by 31% (20%) in Southern countries and increases by 21% (14%) in Northern countries for high (mid)-emission scenarios. Projections also show impacts on seasonal profiles and more frequent and prolonged droughts in Mediterranean countries.},
}

@article {pmid34504988,
year = {2021},
author = {Desai, Z and Zhang, Y},
title = {Climate Change and Women's Health: A Scoping Review.},
journal = {GeoHealth},
volume = {5},
number = {9},
pages = {e2021GH000386},
doi = {10.1029/2021GH000386},
pmid = {34504988},
issn = {2471-1403},
abstract = {Climate change is a significant global health threat that is, underpinned by the existing issue of gender inequality. A scoping review was conducted to better understand the relationship between climate change and women's health. We found a notably higher proportion of existing studies focused on low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Most of the studies included were published after 2010, with predominantly qualitative study designs. Four key themes were identified, including women's exposure to climate change risks, the impacts on women's health, factors contributing to the vulnerability, and responding strategies in addressing climate change. The scoping review indicates that women's health is at higher risks due to the vulnerability to climate change, especially in LMICs. Meanwhile, it is beneficial to have insights from women in terms of adaptation and mitigation strategies to build stronger resilience. Mixed methods are strongly recommended to support evidence-based policy making in responding to climate change.},
}

@article {pmid34504711,
year = {2020},
author = {Pallarés, S and Sanchez-Hernandez, JC and Colado, R and Balart-García, P and Comas, J and Sánchez-Fernández, D},
title = {Beyond survival experiments: using biomarkers of oxidative stress and neurotoxicity to assess vulnerability of subterranean fauna to climate change.},
journal = {Conservation physiology},
volume = {8},
number = {1},
pages = {coaa067},
doi = {10.1093/conphys/coaa067},
pmid = {34504711},
issn = {2051-1434},
abstract = {Accurate assessments of species vulnerability to climate change need to consider the physiological capacity of organisms to deal with temperature changes and identify early signs of thermally induced stress. Oxidative stress biomarkers and acetylcholinesterase activity are useful proxies of stress at the cellular and nervous system level. Such responses are especially relevant for poor dispersal organisms with limited capacity for behavioural thermoregulation, like deep subterranean species. We combined experimental measurements of upper lethal thermal limits, acclimation capacity and biomarkers of oxidative stress and neurotoxicity to assess the impact of heat stress (20°C) at different exposure times (2 and 7 days) on the Iberian endemic subterranean beetle Parvospeonomus canyellesi. Survival response (7 days of exposure) was similar to that reported for other subterranean specialist beetles (high survival up to 20°C but no above 23°C). However, a low physiological plasticity (i.e. incapacity to increase heat tolerance via acclimation) and signs of impairment at the cellular and nervous system level were observed after 7 days of exposure at 20°C. Such sublethal effects were identified by significant differences in total antioxidant capacity, glutathione S-transferase activity, the ratio of reduced to oxidized forms of glutathione and acetylcholinesterase activity between the control (cave temperature) and 20°C treatment. At 2 days of exposure, most biomarker values indicated some degree of oxidative stress in both the control and high-temperature treatment, likely reflecting an initial altered physiological status associated to factors other than temperature. Considering these integrated responses and the predicted increase in temperature in its unique locality, P. canyellesi would have a narrower thermal safety margin to face climate change than that obtained considering only survival experiments. Our results highlight the importance of exploring thermally sensitive processes at different levels of biological organization to obtain more accurate estimates of the species capacity to face climate change.},
}

@article {pmid34501946,
year = {2021},
author = {Maran, DA and Begotti, T},
title = {Media Exposure to Climate Change, Anxiety, and Efficacy Beliefs in a Sample of Italian University Students.},
journal = {International journal of environmental research and public health},
volume = {18},
number = {17},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/ijerph18179358},
pmid = {34501946},
issn = {1660-4601},
abstract = {The climate crisis poses a serious threat to the health and well-being of individuals. For many, climate change knowledge is derived from indirect exposure to information transmitted through the media. Such content can elicit a variety of emotional responses, including anger, sadness, despair, fear, and guilt. Worry and anxiety are especially common responses, usually referred to as "climate anxiety". The main objectives of this study were to analyze how exposure to climate change through the media relates to climate anxiety and individual and collective self-efficacy, and to evaluate the relationship between climate anxiety and efficacy beliefs. A total of 312 Italian university students (aged 18-26 years) participated in the research by filling out an anonymous questionnaire. Participants reported being exposed several times per week to information about climate change, especially from social media, newspapers, and television programs. Moreover, the results showed that the attention paid to information about climate change was not only positively related to climate anxiety, but also to individual and collective self-efficacy. Most notably, participants' efficacy beliefs were found to be positively related to climate anxiety. This somewhat controversial finding stresses that, in the context of pro-environmental behavior changes, a moderate level of anxiety could engender feelings of virtue, encouraging people to rethink actions with negative ecological impacts.},
}

@article {pmid34501794,
year = {2021},
author = {Latkin, CA and Dayton, L and Lee, DI and Yi, G and Uzzi, M},
title = {Correlates of Levels of Willingness to Engage in Climate Change Actions in the United States.},
journal = {International journal of environmental research and public health},
volume = {18},
number = {17},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/ijerph18179204},
pmid = {34501794},
issn = {1660-4601},
support = {R01 DA040488/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States ; 01//Alliance for a Healthier World/ ; },
abstract = {While the majority of the American public believe climate change is occurring and are worried, few are engaged in climate change action. In this study, we assessed factors associated with the level of willingness to engage in climate change actions using an online, longitudinal US study of adults. Climate change action outcomes included the level of willingness to post materials online, take political actions, talk with peers about climate change, and donate to or help an organization. Predictors included climate change attitudes, environmental attitudes, political ideology, political party affiliation, and demographic variables. Most (72%) of the 644 respondents only talked about climate change with peers a few times a year or less, though 65% were very or extremely worried about climate change. Many respondents indicated a willingness to do somewhat or a lot more, from 38% willing to talk to peers to 25% for willing to take political actions. In multinomial regression models, the Climate Change Concern scale was strongly and consistently associated with willingness to engage in climate change action. These findings indicate a need to both identify those who are willing to act and finding activities that fit with their interests and availability.},
}

@article {pmid34501538,
year = {2021},
author = {Gao, W and Guo, Y and Jiang, F},
title = {Playing for a Resilient Future: A Serious Game Designed to Explore and Understand the Complexity of the Interaction among Climate Change, Disaster Risk, and Urban Development.},
journal = {International journal of environmental research and public health},
volume = {18},
number = {17},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/ijerph18178949},
pmid = {34501538},
issn = {1660-4601},
support = {51708227//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 2017A030310461//Research on database Construction of Historic Urban Landscape Features Based on Information Model Technology-A case study of Guangzhou of the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province China/ ; },
abstract = {Urban development and disaster risk are deeply linked, especially now when we are facing increasingly frequent climate change. Hence, knowledge of the potential trade-offs between urban development and disaster risk reduction (DRR) may have potential to build a resilient and sustainable future. The objectives of this study are (1) to present education for a sustainability (EfS) program and to evaluate its performance: a serious game of knowledge communication for the interactions among climate change, disaster risk, and urban development; (2) to explore factors that will influence the players' decision making in the trade-offs between urban development and DRR under an urbanization background through counterfactual scenarios constructed by a series of serious games. The Yudai Trench, once a critical component of the urban green infrastructure of ancient Guangzhou, has disappeared under rapid urban expansion, leaving the city exposed to environmental hazards caused by climate change. Is the disappearance of the Yudai Trench an inevitable event in the progress of urbanization? To answer this question, the study constructed counterfactual scenarios by recuring the historical progress through the same serious game. Gameplay involved the players' decision making with associated impacts on the urbanization progress and the DRR in diverse climate hazard scenarios. For this study, 107 undergraduates from related majors, who are also would-be policymakers, were selected as players. The methodology combined questionnaire survey and participant observation complemented by interviews. The t-test results indicated that undergraduates' knowledge levels had significant positive changes after the end of the serious game. Importantly, the results showed that the knowledge could potentially contribute to the players' decision-making process for DRR by assisting them in making pre-decision. Beside this knowledge, the results expanded the range of influencing factors and solutions reported by previous literature on DRR under an urbanization background against climate hazards by constructing counterfactual scenarios, e.g., higher economic levels and policy incentives. In this study, the serious game was evaluated as an innovative communication and the EfS method in counterfactual scenarios. These findings of the study provide a reference for future practice, policymaking, and decision making so as to help harness lessons learned from unrealized environmental hazards to support a more resilient future through informed policies and plans.},
}

@article {pmid34500275,
year = {2021},
author = {Han, J and Zhang, A and Kang, Y and Han, J and Yang, B and Hussain, Q and Wang, X and Zhang, M and Khan, MA},
title = {Biochar promotes soil organic carbon sequestration and reduces net global warming potential in apple orchard: A two-year study in the Loess Plateau of China.},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
volume = {803},
number = {},
pages = {150035},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150035},
pmid = {34500275},
issn = {1879-1026},
abstract = {The Loess Plateau is China's primary apple-growing area, and the orchard is a significant source of greenhouse gases (GHGs) emissions due to high nitrogen fertilizer input. Thus, a two-year field study was carried out to investigate the effects of apple wood derived biochar on GHGs emissions during apple orchard production, including soil organic carbon sequestration (SOCSR) and net global warming potential (NGWP) assessments. There are four treatments in this study: 20 t ha-1 biochar in a non-fertilized plot (B); no biochar in a fertilized plot (F); 20 t ha-1 biochar in a fertilized plot (FB); no biochar in a non-fertilized plot (CK). Results showed that the combined application of biochar and fertilizer stimulated CO2 emissions by 9.25% and 8.39% than either biochar or fertilizer alone. Meanwhile, biochar in fertilized plot increased annual N2O emissions by 32.6% as compared to fertilized plot without biochar amendment. Compared with CK, biochar had no significant effect on GHG emissions in unfertilized plot. The N2O emission factor of FB and F were 0.91% and 0.45% respectively in 2017-2018 and they were both 0.34% in 2018-2019. Moreover, compared with CK, the FB and B treatments increased the SOCSR by 316.52% and 354.78%, while, decreased the NGWP by 368.93% and 480.91%, respectively. Thus, biochar application may help reduce the impact of apple production on climate change by sequestering more soil organic carbon and decreasing the NGWP.},
}

@article {pmid34499852,
year = {2021},
author = {McLean, M and Mouillot, D and Maureaud, AA and Hattab, T and MacNeil, MA and Goberville, E and Lindegren, M and Engelhard, G and Pinsky, M and Auber, A},
title = {Disentangling tropicalization and deborealization in marine ecosystems under climate change.},
journal = {Current biology : CB},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.cub.2021.08.034},
pmid = {34499852},
issn = {1879-0445},
abstract = {As climate change accelerates, species are shifting poleward and subtropical and tropical species are colonizing temperate environments.1-3 A popular approach for characterizing such responses is the community temperature index (CTI), which tracks the mean thermal affinity of a community. Studies in marine,4 freshwater,5 and terrestrial6 ecosystems have documented increasing CTI under global warming. However, most studies have only linked increasing CTI to increases in warm-affinity species. Here, using long-term monitoring of marine fishes across the Northern Hemisphere, we decomposed CTI changes into four underlying processes-tropicalization (increasing warm-affinity), deborealization (decreasing cold-affinity), borealization (increasing cold-affinity), and detropicalization (decreasing warm-affinity)-for which we examined spatial variability and drivers. CTI closely tracked changes in sea surface temperature, increasing in 72% of locations. However, 31% of these increases were primarily due to decreases in cold-affinity species, i.e., deborealization. Thus, increases in warm-affinity species were prevalent, but not ubiquitous. Tropicalization was stronger in areas that were initially warmer, experienced greater warming, or were deeper, while deborealization was stronger in areas that were closer to human population centers or that had higher community thermal diversity. When CTI (and temperature) increased, species that decreased were more likely to be living closer to their upper thermal limits or to be commercially fished. Additionally, warm-affinity species that increased had smaller body sizes than those that decreased. Our results show that CTI changes arise from a variety of underlying community responses that are linked to environmental conditions, human impacts, community structure, and species characteristics.},
}

@article {pmid34499795,
year = {2021},
author = {Zgouridou, A and Tripidaki, E and Giantsis, IA and Theodorou, JA and Kalaitzidou, M and Raitsos, DE and Lattos, A and Mavropoulou, AM and Sofianos, S and Karagiannis, D and Chaligiannis, H and Anestis, A and Papadakis, N and Feidantsis, K and Mintza, D and Staikou, A and Michaelidis, B},
title = {The current situation and potential effects of climate change on the microbial load of marine bivalves of the Greek coastlines: An integrative review.},
journal = {Environmental microbiology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/1462-2920.15765},
pmid = {34499795},
issn = {1462-2920},
abstract = {Global warming affects the aquatic ecosystems, accelerating pathogenic microorganisms' and toxic microalgae's growth and spread in marine habitats, and in bivalve molluscs. New parasite invasions are directly linked to oceanic warming. Consumption of pathogen-infected molluscs impacts human health at different rates, depending, inter alia, on the bacteria taxa. It is therefore necessary to monitor microbiological and chemical contamination of food. Many global cases of poisoning from bivalve consumption can be traced back to Mediterranean regions. This paper's aim is to examine the marine bivalve's infestation rate within the scope of climate change, as well as to evaluate the risk posed by climate change to bivalve welfare and public health. Biological and climatic data literature review was performed from international scientific sources, Greek authorities and State organizations. Focusing on Greek aquaculture and bivalve fisheries, high risk index pathogenic parasites and microalgae were observed during summer months, particularly in Thermaikos Gulf. Considering the climate models that predict further temperature increases, it seems that marine organisms will be subjected in the long-term to higher temperatures. Due to the positive linkage between temperature and microbial load, the marine areas most affected by this phenomenon are characterized as "high risk" for consumer health. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.},
}

@article {pmid34499683,
year = {2021},
author = {Zuza, EJ and Maseyk, K and Bhagwat, SA and de Sousa, K and Emmott, A and Rawes, W and Araya, YN},
title = {Climate suitability predictions for the cultivation of macadamia (Macadamia integrifolia) in Malawi using climate change scenarios.},
journal = {PloS one},
volume = {16},
number = {9},
pages = {e0257007},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0257007},
pmid = {34499683},
issn = {1932-6203},
abstract = {Climate change is altering suitable areas of crop species worldwide, with cascading effects on people reliant upon those crop species as food sources and for income generation. Macadamia is one of Malawi's most important and profitable crop species; however, climate change threatens its production. Thus, this study's objective is to quantitatively examine the potential impacts of climate change on the climate suitability for macadamia in Malawi. We utilized an ensemble model approach to predict the current and future (2050s) suitability of macadamia under two Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs). We achieved a good model fit in determining suitability classes for macadamia (AUC = 0.9). The climatic variables that strongly influence macadamia's climatic suitability in Malawi are suggested to be the precipitation of the driest month (29.1%) and isothermality (17.3%). Under current climatic conditions, 57% (53,925 km2) of Malawi is climatically suitable for macadamia. Future projections suggest that climate change will decrease the suitable areas for macadamia by 18% (17,015 km2) and 21.6% (20,414 km2) based on RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5, respectively, with the distribution of suitability shifting northwards in the 2050s. The southern and central regions of the country will suffer the greatest losses (≥ 8%), while the northern region will be the least impacted (4%). We conclude that our study provides critical evidence that climate change will reduce the suitable areas for macadamia production in Malawi, depending on climate drivers. Therefore area-specific adaptation strategies are required to build resilience among producers.},
}

@article {pmid34498608,
year = {2021},
author = {Villamizar-Gomez, A and Wang, HH and Peterson, MR and Grant, WE and Forstner, MRJ},
title = {Environmental determinants of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis and the likelihood of further dispersion in the face of climate change in Texas, USA.},
journal = {Diseases of aquatic organisms},
volume = {146},
number = {},
pages = {29-39},
doi = {10.3354/dao03613},
pmid = {34498608},
issn = {0177-5103},
abstract = {One of the major drivers of amphibian population declines is Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd). We sought to identify the major environmental drivers of Bd prevalence in Texas, USA, by drawing results from museum specimens. We sampled one of the largest museum collections in Texas, the Biodiversity Research and Teaching Collections at Texas A&M University. Our sampling focused on the 9 amphibian species with the widest geographical distribution within the state, where we sub-sampled 30% of each species per decade from 1930 to present via skin swabs, totaling 1501 independent sampling events, and used quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) to detect pathogen presence. We analyzed several geo-referenced variables describing climatic conditions to identify potential factors influencing the likelihood of presence of Bd using boosted regression trees. Our final model suggests the most influential variables are mean temperature of driest quarter, annual mean temperature, temperature annual range, and mean diurnal range. The most likely suitable range for Bd is currently found in the Blackland Prairie and Cross Timbers ecoregions. Results of our future (to the year 2040) projections suggest that Bd could expand its current distribution. Our model could play an important role when developing an integrated conservation plan through (1) focusing future field work on locations with a high likelihood of presence, (2) assisting in the choice of locations for restoration, and (3) developing future research plans including those necessary for projecting reactions to climate change. Our model also could integrate new presence data of Bd when they become available to enhance prediction precision.},
}

@article {pmid34496408,
year = {2021},
author = {Koch, CA and Sharda, P and Patel, J and Gubbi, S and Bansal, R and Bartel, MJ},
title = {Climate Change and Obesity.},
journal = {Hormone and metabolic research = Hormon- und Stoffwechselforschung = Hormones et metabolisme},
volume = {53},
number = {9},
pages = {575-587},
doi = {10.1055/a-1533-2861},
pmid = {34496408},
issn = {1439-4286},
abstract = {Global warming and the rising prevalence of obesity are well described challenges of current mankind. Most recently, the COVID-19 pandemic arose as a new challenge. We here attempt to delineate their relationship with each other from our perspective. Global greenhouse gas emissions from the burning of fossil fuels have exponentially increased since 1950. The main contributors to such greenhouse gas emissions are manufacturing and construction, transport, residential, commercial, agriculture, and land use change and forestry, combined with an increasing global population growth from 1 billion in 1800 to 7.8 billion in 2020 along with rising obesity rates since the 1980s. The current Covid-19 pandemic has caused some decline in greenhouse gas emissions by limiting mobility globally via repetitive lockdowns. Following multiple lockdowns, there was further increase in obesity in wealthier populations, malnutrition from hunger in poor populations and death from severe infection with Covid-19 and its virus variants. There is a bidirectional relationship between adiposity and global warming. With rising atmospheric air temperatures, people typically will have less adaptive thermogenesis and become less physically active, while they are producing a higher carbon footprint. To reduce obesity rates, one should be willing to learn more about the environmental impact, how to minimize consumption of energy generating carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gas emissions, and to reduce food waste. Diets lower in meat such as a Mediterranean diet, have been estimated to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 72%, land use by 58%, and energy consumption by 52%.},
}

@article {pmid34495571,
year = {2021},
author = {Streib, LC and Stone, JR and Lyon, EC and Quang, HH and Yeager, KM and Zimmerman, SRH and McGlue, MM},
title = {Anthropogenic climate change has altered lake state in the Sierra Nevada (California, USA).},
journal = {Global change biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/gcb.15843},
pmid = {34495571},
issn = {1365-2486},
support = {grant 17-ERD-052//Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory-Directed Research and Development program/ ; //UK Pioneer Endowment/ ; //Overcash Fund for Field Research/ ; },
abstract = {Climatic changes threaten freshwater resources and aquatic ecosystem health in the Sierra Nevada (California, USA), which has important consequences for millions of people and the world's fifth largest economy. However, the timing and magnitude of ecological changes driven by hydroclimate oscillations remain poorly understood in California's headwater region. Here, we develop a precisely dated, annually to decadally resolved lake sediment record of ecological change from the eastern Sierra Nevada that spans the last three millennia. Diatom paleoecology reveals a detailed history of abrupt limnologic transitions, best explained by modifications in water column stratification, mixing, and nutrient status in response to changing seasonality. Seasonally stratified conditions were registered during the Late Holocene Dry Period and the Medieval Climate Anomaly, illustrating the sensitivity of fossil diatoms to well-known periods of drought. Yet the most striking feature of the record is the uniqueness of ~1840-2016 CE: a period of singularly strong water column stratification, increased algal diversity, and reduced diatom productivity consistent with unprecedented "hot droughts." The data demonstrate that hot-dry conditions of the Industrial Era altered lake state to conditions unseen in the past ~3180 years, and suggest that regional trends identified by historical monitoring began far earlier than previously recognized. Our record illustrates the profound influence of anthropogenic climate warming on high-elevation lakes and the ecosystem services they provide in the Sierra Nevada, which hold implications for water quality and availability in California.},
}

@article {pmid34494755,
year = {2020},
author = {Yu, L and Wu, ZT and DU, ZQ and Zhang, H and Liu, Y},
title = {[Quantitative analysis of the effects of human activities on vegetation in the Beijing-Tianjin sandstorm source region under the climate change].},
journal = {Ying yong sheng tai xue bao = The journal of applied ecology},
volume = {31},
number = {6},
pages = {2007-2014},
doi = {10.13287/j.1001-9332.202006.005},
pmid = {34494755},
issn = {1001-9332},
abstract = {It is of great practical significance for regional ecological management to understand the quantitative impacts of human activities on vegetation under climate change. Based on GIMMS NDVI3g data, meteorological data (temperature, precipitation) and standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI), we used correlation analysis and trend analysis to examine the spatio-temporal variation of vegetation and its driving factors in different periods from 1982 to 2014 in the Beijing-Tianjin sandstorm source region. Regression analysis and residual analysis were used to quantify the impacts of human activities on vegetation changes in different sub-regions. The results showed that from 1982 to 2014, the degradation status in 77.1% of degraded vegetation was significantly improved and 64.1% of vegetation had an increasing trend in the study area, with mean annual NDVI decreasing from southeast to northwest. Vegetation coverage increased in 74.5% of the areas after the implementation of the Beijing-Tianjin sandstorm source control project, with mountains in northern Shanxi showing the most obvious increases. Among all the climate factors, rainfall had the strongest correlation with vegetation change. Human activities, such as ecological engineering, played an active role in most areas, especially in mountains of northern Shanxi, where the contribution of human activities reached 94.9%.},
}

@article {pmid34494246,
year = {2021},
author = {Emeryk, AW and Sosnowski, T and Kupczyk, M and Śliwiński, P and Zajdel-Całkowska, J and Zielonka, TM and Mastalerz-Migas, A},
title = {Impact of inhalers used in the treatment of respiratory diseases on global warming.},
journal = {Advances in respiratory medicine},
volume = {89},
number = {4},
pages = {427-438},
doi = {10.5603/ARM.a2021.0092},
pmid = {34494246},
issn = {2543-6031},
abstract = {The term "carbon footprint" describes the emission of greenhouse gases into the environment as a result of human activities. The healthcare sector is responsible for 5-8% of the value of global greenhouse gas emissions, of which medical aerosols account for only 0.03% of the total emissions. The reduction of greenhouse gases, including those used for the production and use of medicinal products and medical devices, is part of the responsibilities that Poland and the respective countries should undertake in order to implement the assumptions of international law. At the level of medical law, this obligation correlates with the need to exercise due diligence in the process of providing health services, including the selection of low-emission medical products and devices (inhalers) and providing patients with information on how to handle used products and devices, with particular emphasis on those that imply greenhouse gas emissions. Pressurized metered dose inhalers (pMDI) containing the hydrofluoroalkane 134a demonstrate the largest carbon footprint, followed by a metered dose liquid inhaler and dry powder inhalers (DPI). The carbon footprint of DPI with a given drug is 13-32 times lower than it is in the case of the corresponding pMDI. Replacement of pMDI by DPI is one of the effective methods to reduce the carbon footprint of inhalers, and the replacement should be based on current medical knowledge. A recycling system for all types of inhalers must be urgently implemented.},
}

@article {pmid34493886,
year = {2021},
author = {Marx, W and Haunschild, R and Bornmann, L},
title = {Heat waves: a hot topic in climate change research.},
journal = {Theoretical and applied climatology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-20},
doi = {10.1007/s00704-021-03758-y},
pmid = {34493886},
issn = {0177-798X},
abstract = {Research on heat waves (periods of excessively hot weather, which may be accompanied by high humidity) is a newly emerging research topic within the field of climate change research with high relevance for the whole of society. In this study, we analyzed the rapidly growing scientific literature dealing with heat waves. No summarizing overview has been published on this literature hitherto. We developed a suitable search query to retrieve the relevant literature covered by the Web of Science (WoS) as complete as possible and to exclude irrelevant literature (n = 8,011 papers). The time evolution of the publications shows that research dealing with heat waves is a highly dynamic research topic, doubling within about 5 years. An analysis of the thematic content reveals the most severe heat wave events within the recent decades (1995 and 2003), the cities and countries/regions affected (USA, Europe, and Australia), and the ecological and medical impacts (drought, urban heat islands, excess hospital admissions, and mortality). An alarming finding is that the limit for survivability may be reached at the end of the twenty-first century in many regions of the world due to the fatal combination of rising temperatures and humidity levels measured as "wet-bulb temperature" (WBT). Risk estimation and future strategies for adaptation to hot weather are major political issues. We identified 104 citation classics, which include fundamental early works of research on heat waves and more recent works (which are characterized by a relatively strong connection to climate change).},
}

@article {pmid34493406,
year = {2021},
author = {Fuller, MG and Cavanaugh, N and Green, S and Duderstadt, K},
title = {Climate Change and State of the Science for Children's Health and Environmental Health Equity.},
journal = {Journal of pediatric health care : official publication of National Association of Pediatric Nurse Associates & Practitioners},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.pedhc.2021.08.003},
pmid = {34493406},
issn = {1532-656X},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Climate change is impacting the physical and mental health of children and families. This is a state of the science update regarding the impacts of climate change for pediatric-focused health care providers and advanced practice registered nurses.

METHOD: Using an equity lens, the authors reviewed and synthesized current literature regarding the adverse impacts of climate change.

RESULTS: The poor and communities of color are disproportionately impacted by climate change. Physical health impacts include increased vector and water-born infectious diseases, increases in asthma and respiratory infections, and undernutrition. Social disruptions lead to human trafficking. Climate change is associated with mental health concerns, including anxiety and posttraumatic stress after natural disasters.

DISCUSSION: As clinicians, pediatric-focused providers, and advanced practice registered nurses should use multipronged and interdisciplinary approaches to address or prevent the adverse impacts of climate change. Advocacy at all government levels is necessary to safeguard children and vulnerable populations.},
}

@article {pmid34492957,
year = {2021},
author = {Bokor, B and Santos, CS and Kostoláni, D and Machado, J and da Silva, MN and Carvalho, SMP and Vaculík, M and Vasconcelos, MW},
title = {Mitigation of climate change and environmental hazards in plants: Potential role of the beneficial metalloid silicon.},
journal = {Journal of hazardous materials},
volume = {416},
number = {},
pages = {126193},
doi = {10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126193},
pmid = {34492957},
issn = {1873-3336},
abstract = {In the last decades, the concentration of atmospheric CO2 and the average temperature have been increasing, and this trend is expected to become more severe in the near future. Additionally, environmental stresses including drought, salinity, UV-radiation, heavy metals, and toxic elements exposure represent a threat for ecosystems and agriculture. Climate and environmental changes negatively affect plant growth, biomass and yield production, and also enhance plant susceptibility to pests and diseases. Silicon (Si), as a beneficial element for plants, is involved in plant tolerance and/or resistance to various abiotic and biotic stresses. The beneficial role of Si has been shown in various plant species and its accumulation relies on the root's uptake capacity. However, Si uptake in plants depends on many biogeochemical factors that may be substantially altered in the future, affecting its functional role in plant protection. At present, it is not clear whether Si accumulation in plants will be positively or negatively affected by changing climate and environmental conditions. In this review, we focused on Si interaction with the most important factors of global change and environmental hazards in plants, discussing the potential role of its application as an alleviation strategy for climate and environmental hazards based on current knowledge.},
}

@article {pmid34492030,
year = {2021},
author = {Gusmão, AC and Evangelista-Vale, JC and Pires-Oliveira, JC and Barnett, AA and da Silva, OD},
title = {New records and modelling the impacts of climate change on the black-tailed marmosets.},
journal = {PloS one},
volume = {16},
number = {9},
pages = {e0256270},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0256270},
pmid = {34492030},
issn = {1932-6203},
abstract = {Climate change represents an unprecedented threat to global biodiversity and, for many species, gaps in our knowledge of their biology remain acute. Gaps in baseline knowledge, such as confirmed identifications (Linnean shortfalls) and adequate collections (Wallacean shortfalls), need to be minimized with new studies, since this is often critical for effective conservation. Despite the increase in scientific research on primates in the southwest of the Brazilian Amazon, little is known about the species Mico nigriceps (Ferrari & Lopes, 1992) Primates, Platirryni. In the current study, we sought to reduce the extent of the Wallacean shortfall for M. nigriceps, understand whether climate change represents a threat to the distribution of the species, and identify priority areas for its conservation. Accordingly, we provide 121 new records in 14 locations, obtained directly from the field, and five from the literature. Using this, we carried out ecological niche modeling, to better understand how environmental suitability might limit the area occupied by the species. We then projected a distribution for 2070 with the SSP2-4.5 (more optimistic) and SSP5-8.5 (more pessimistic) scenarios. Our data confirmed the geographic distribution of the species as being restricted to headwaters of the Ji-Paraná/Machado river, but with a 400 km extension to the south. Under the modeled climate change scenarios, the area suitable for the species declines by 21% under the most optimistic, and by 27% in the pessimistic, scenario across the projected 50-year period. Although we have expanded the area of known occurrence for this species, we point out that climate change threatens the stability of this newly-discovered population strongly, and that this danger is intensified by deforestation, fire and hunting. We recommend that further studies be carried out to confirm the presence of the species in adjacent areas, those indicated by generated models as being potential environmentally suitable. In addition, we recommend intensifying forest restoration in currently pastured areas, and protection of the areas forming the current and future habitat of this species through such measures as protected area creation.},
}

@article {pmid34491973,
year = {2021},
author = {Nabeel, I and Caraballo-Arias, Y and Perkison, WB and McCarthy, RB and Saberi, P and Berenji, M and Goldman, RH and Laestadius, JG and Sokas, RK and Das, R and Senay, E and Wilkenfeld, M and Cook-Shimanek, M and , },
title = {Proposed Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies Related to Climate Change: Guidance for OEM Professionals.},
journal = {Journal of occupational and environmental medicine},
volume = {63},
number = {9},
pages = {e650-e656},
pmid = {34491973},
issn = {1536-5948},
abstract = {Climate change is an urgent challenge amplified by socioeconomic factors that demands thoughtful public health responses from OEM professionals. This guidance statement from the American College of Occupational and Environmental Medicine focuses on the different strategies that these health professionals can implement to protect workers from health impacts associated with climate change hazards, foster workplace resilience in the face of rapidly changing environments, and take the necessary steps to mitigate the effects of global climate change.},
}

@article {pmid34491603,
year = {2021},
author = {Wege, M and Salas, L and LaRue, M},
title = {Ice matters: Life-history strategies of two Antarctic seals dictate climate change eventualities in the Weddell Sea.},
journal = {Global change biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/gcb.15828},
pmid = {34491603},
issn = {1365-2486},
support = {//Pew Charitable Trusts/ ; 1543311//National Science Foundation/ ; },
abstract = {The impacts of climate change in Antarctica and the Southern Ocean are not uniform and ice-obligate species with dissimilar life-history characteristics will likely respond differently to their changing ecosystems. We use a unique data set of Weddell Leptonychotes weddellii and crabeater seals' (CESs) Lobodon carcinophaga breeding season distribution in the Weddell Sea, determined from satellite imagery. We contrast the theoretical climate impacts on both ice-obligate predators who differ in life-history characteristics: CESs are highly specialized Antarctic krill Euphausia superba predators and breed in the seasonal pack ice; Weddell seals (WESs) are generalist predators and breed on comparatively stable fast ice. We used presence-absence data and a suite of remotely sensed environmental variables to build habitat models. Each of the environmental predictors is multiplied by a 'climate change score' based on known responses to climate change to create a 'change importance product'. Results show CESs are more sensitive to climate change than WESs. Crabeater seals prefer to breed close to krill, and the compounding effects of changing sea ice concentrations and sea surface temperatures, the proximity to krill and abundance of stable breeding ice, can influence their post-breeding foraging success and ultimately their future breeding success. But in contrast to the Ross Sea, here WESs prefer to breed closer to larger colonies of emperor penguins (Aptenodytes forsteri). This suggests that the Weddell Sea may currently be prey-abundant, allowing the only two air-breathing Antarctic silverfish predators (Pleuragramma antarctica) (WESs and emperor penguins) to breed closer to each other. This is the first basin-scale, region-specific comparison of breeding season habitat in these two key Antarctic predators based on real-world data to compare climate change responses. This work shows that broad-brush, basin-scale approaches to understanding species-specific responses to climate change are not always appropriate, and regional models are needed-especially when designing marine protected areas.},
}

@article {pmid34491425,
year = {2021},
author = {Barnes, DKA and Sands, CJ and Paulsen, ML and Moreno, B and Moreau, C and Held, C and Downey, R and Bax, N and Stark, J and Zwerschke, N},
title = {Societal importance of Antarctic negative feedbacks on climate change: blue carbon gains from sea ice, ice shelf and glacier losses.},
journal = {Die Naturwissenschaften},
volume = {108},
number = {5},
pages = {43},
pmid = {34491425},
issn = {1432-1904},
abstract = {Diminishing prospects for environmental preservation under climate change are intensifying efforts to boost capture, storage and sequestration (long-term burial) of carbon. However, as Earth's biological carbon sinks also shrink, remediation has become a key part of the narrative for terrestrial ecosystems. In contrast, blue carbon on polar continental shelves have stronger pathways to sequestration and have increased with climate-forced marine ice losses-becoming the largest known natural negative feedback on climate change. Here we explore the size and complex dynamics of blue carbon gains with spatiotemporal changes in sea ice (60-100 MtCyear-1), ice shelves (4-40 MtCyear-1 = giant iceberg generation) and glacier retreat (< 1 MtCyear-1). Estimates suggest that, amongst these, reduced duration of seasonal sea ice is most important. Decreasing sea ice extent drives longer (not necessarily larger biomass) smaller cell-sized phytoplankton blooms, increasing growth of many primary consumers and benthic carbon storage-where sequestration chances are maximal. However, sea ice losses also create positive feedbacks in shallow waters through increased iceberg movement and scouring of benthos. Unlike loss of sea ice, which enhances existing sinks, ice shelf losses generate brand new carbon sinks both where giant icebergs were, and in their wake. These also generate small positive feedbacks from scouring, minimised by repeat scouring at biodiversity hotspots. Blue carbon change from glacier retreat has been least well quantified, and although emerging fjords are small areas, they have high storage-sequestration conversion efficiencies, whilst blue carbon in polar waters faces many diverse and complex stressors. The identity of these are known (e.g. fishing, warming, ocean acidification, non-indigenous species and plastic pollution) but not their magnitude of impact. In order to mediate multiple stressors, research should focus on wider verification of blue carbon gains, projecting future change, and the broader environmental and economic benefits to safeguard blue carbon ecosystems through law.},
}

@article {pmid34490433,
year = {2021},
author = {Vione, D and Minero, C and Carena, L},
title = {Fluorophores in surface freshwaters: importance, likely structures, and possible impacts of climate change.},
journal = {Environmental science. Processes & impacts},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1039/d1em00273b},
pmid = {34490433},
issn = {2050-7895},
abstract = {Fluorescence spectroscopy is one of the most useful techniques currently available for the characterisation of organic matter in natural water samples, because it combines easy availability of instrumentation, high sensitivity and limited requirements for sample treatment. The main fluorophores that can be found in natural waters are usually proteins (and/or free amino acids) and humic substances (humic and fulvic acids). The identification of these fluorescent compounds in water samples helps to obtain information about, among others, biological activity in the water body, possible transport of organic matter from soil, and the phenomenon of photobleaching that decreases both the absorbance and (usually) the fluorescence of natural organic matter. Interestingly, all these phenomena can be affected by climate change, which could alter to different extents the ratio between aquagenic and pedogenic fluorophores. Several events induced by warming in natural waters (and especially lake water) could enhance algal growth, thereby also enhancing the production of aquagenic organic matter. Intense precipitation events could increase the export of pedogenic material to surface waters, while photobleaching would be enhanced in the epilimnion of lakes when summer stratification becomes longer and more stable because of higher temperatures. Interestingly, photobleaching affects humic substances to a higher extent compared to protein-like material, thus protein fluorescence signals could be more preserved in stratified waters.},
}

@article {pmid34489585,
year = {2021},
author = {Else, H},
title = {Climate change implicated in Germany's deadly floods.},
journal = {Nature},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1038/d41586-021-02330-y},
pmid = {34489585},
issn = {1476-4687},
}

@article {pmid34489526,
year = {2021},
author = {Zhu, Y and Yu, Q and Luo, Q and Zhang, H and Zhao, J and Ju, Z and Du, Y and Yang, Y},
title = {Impacts of climate change on suitability zonation for potato cultivation in Jilin Province, Northeast China.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {11},
number = {1},
pages = {13103},
pmid = {34489526},
issn = {2045-2322},
support = {Y2018YJ26; Y2019ZK10; G202002-48//Special Funds for Basic Scientific Research, Central Public-interest Scientific Institution/ ; Y2018YJ26; Y2019ZK10; G202002-48//Special Funds for Basic Scientific Research, Central Public-interest Scientific Institution/ ; Y2018YJ26; Y2019ZK10; G202002-48//Special Funds for Basic Scientific Research, Central Public-interest Scientific Institution/ ; Y2018YJ26; Y2019ZK10; G202002-48//Special Funds for Basic Scientific Research, Central Public-interest Scientific Institution/ ; Y2018YJ26; Y2019ZK10; G202002-48//Special Funds for Basic Scientific Research, Central Public-interest Scientific Institution/ ; Y2018YJ26; Y2019ZK10; G202002-48//Special Funds for Basic Scientific Research, Central Public-interest Scientific Institution/ ; Y2018YJ26; Y2019ZK10; G202002-48//Special Funds for Basic Scientific Research, Central Public-interest Scientific Institution/ ; Y2018YJ26; Y2019ZK10; G202002-48//Special Funds for Basic Scientific Research, Central Public-interest Scientific Institution/ ; 20190206; 2019KF116//Soft Science Project of Rural Revitalization Expert Advisory Committee, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, Central Agricultural Affairs Office/ ; 20190206; 2019KF116//Soft Science Project of Rural Revitalization Expert Advisory Committee, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, Central Agricultural Affairs Office/ ; 20190206; 2019KF116//Soft Science Project of Rural Revitalization Expert Advisory Committee, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, Central Agricultural Affairs Office/ ; 20190206; 2019KF116//Soft Science Project of Rural Revitalization Expert Advisory Committee, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, Central Agricultural Affairs Office/ ; },
abstract = {Global climate change is causing notable shifts in the environmental suitability of the main regions involved in potato cultivation and has, thus, changed the production potential of potatoes. These shifts can be mapped at fine scales to better understand climate change within areas of potato cultivation and to find infrastructural- and breeding-based solutions. As a case study, we have identified and mapped the structural and spatial shifts that occurred in areas suitable for potato cultivation in Jilin Province, China. We identified a discontinuity in climate change trends between 1961 and 2018 based on data for Jilin Province, and analyzed the averages and linear trends for six important climatic parameters. We used the averages of these climatic parameters to establish climate models for the province and determined cultivation using a multi-criteria, decision-based model that integrates Analytical Hierarchy Process Weighted Principal Component Analysis (AHP-PCA) and Geographic Information System (GIS). We mapped the environmentally suitable areas for potato cultivation at a 3-km resolution based on the geo-climate model for each time period and analyzed differences between them. We found that "Most suitable" areas for potato cultivation were mainly distributed in the central area of Jilin Province, "Suitable" areas were located in the northwestern plains, and "Sub-suitable" areas were located in the eastern mountainous areas. In contrast, "Not suitable" areas occur mainly in the high-altitude areas in the east. The areas of "Most suitable" and "Suitable" areas for potato cultivation in Jilin Province were increasing, with increasing rates of 0.37 × 1,000 km2 decade-1 (R2 = 0.58, P < 0.01) and 0.20 × 1,000 km2 decade-1 (R2 = 0.28, P < 0.01), respectively, while the extent of "Sub-suitable" areas is decreasing, with a decreasing rate of 0.58 × 1,000 km2 decade-1 (R2 = 0.53, P < 0.05). The area of "Not suitable" areas had undergone little change. "Most suitable" and "Suitable" areas for potato cultivation showed a trend towards northward expansion. Overall, our results suggest that global climate change has had a positive impact on potato cultivation in Jilin Province over the past 58 years.},
}

@article {pmid34489320,
year = {2021},
author = {Merino, JG},
title = {Comment: Climate Change.},
journal = {Neurology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1212/WNL.0000000000012692},
pmid = {34489320},
issn = {1526-632X},
}

@article {pmid34487445,
year = {2021},
author = {Salas, RN and Ebi, KL},
title = {The Health Benefits of Urgent Upstream Action on Climate Change.},
journal = {Annals of internal medicine},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.7326/M21-3347},
pmid = {34487445},
issn = {1539-3704},
}

@article {pmid34487339,
year = {2021},
author = {Brockhaus, M and Di Gregorio, M and Djoudi, H and Moeliono, M and Pham, TT and Wong, GY},
title = {The forest frontier in the Global South: Climate change policies and the promise of development and equity.},
journal = {Ambio},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {34487339},
issn = {1654-7209},
support = {14200149//Research Institute for Humanity and Nature/ ; ES/K006576/1//Centre for Climate Change Economics and Policy, University of Leeds/ ; ES/K00879X/1//Economic and Social Research Council/ ; 96964//Volkswagen Foundation/ ; },
abstract = {Halting forest loss and achieving sustainable development in an equitable manner require state, non-state actors, and entire societies in the Global North and South to tackle deeply established patterns of inequality and power relations embedded in forest frontiers. Forest and climate governance in the Global South can provide an avenue for the transformational change needed-yet, does it? We analyse the politics and power in four cases of mitigation, adaptation, and development arenas. We use a political economy lens to explore the transformations taking place when climate policy meets specific forest frontiers in the Global South, where international, national and local institutions, interests, ideas, and information are at play. We argue that lasting and equitable outcomes will require a strong discursive shift within dominant institutions and among policy actors to redress policies that place responsibilities and burdens on local people in the Global South, while benefits from deforestation and maladaptation are taken elsewhere. What is missing is a shared transformational objective and priority to keep forests standing among all those involved from afar in the major forest frontiers in the tropics.},
}

@article {pmid34486228,
year = {2021},
author = {Baumbusch, J and Blakey, E and Carapellotti, A and Dohmen, M and Kagan, SH and Melendez-Torres, GJ},
title = {This alarm is not a drill: We call gerontological nurses to act on climate change.},
journal = {International journal of older people nursing},
volume = {16},
number = {5},
pages = {e12421},
doi = {10.1111/opn.12421},
pmid = {34486228},
issn = {1748-3743},
}

@article {pmid34486057,
year = {2021},
author = {Burnier, M and Fouque, D},
title = {Global warming applied to dialysis: facts and figures.},
journal = {Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/ndt/gfab260},
pmid = {34486057},
issn = {1460-2385},
}

@article {pmid34485747,
year = {2021},
author = {Waaswa, A and Nkurumwa, AO and Kibe, AM and Kipkemoi, NJ},
title = {Communicating climate change adaptation strategies: climate-smart agriculture information dissemination pathways among smallholder potato farmers in Gilgil Sub-County, Kenya.},
journal = {Heliyon},
volume = {7},
number = {8},
pages = {e07873},
doi = {10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07873},
pmid = {34485747},
issn = {2405-8440},
abstract = {Proven and sustainable practices like climate-smart agricultural practices (CSAPs) need to be prioritized and promoted for uptake especially by the farmers to achieve sustainable development. These are capable of contributing to the realization of sustainable development goals through averting food and nutritional insecurity, increasing and sustaining yields that translate into increased incomes and later reduced poverty. This is because CSAPs enable farmers to adapt and mitigate climate change effects. However, due to inappropriate communication of CSAPs to the farmers, to date, some farmers still see no escape route from the frightening effects of climate change and they are currently adopting a rather fatalistic attitude. This study investigated the information dissemination pathways used by different categories of smallholder potato farmers for and practice of CSAPs. It found a difference between information sources and practice of CSAPs at a 5% level of significance (χ2 = 100.12139, df = 2, p < 0.05, Cramer's V = 1.0), and a difference in the use of the three information dissemination pathways between men and women at a 5% level of significance (χ2 = 6.05949, df = 2, p < 0.05, Cramer's V = 0.17406). The three information dissemination pathways included media, neighbors and friends, and extension officers. Generally, farmers were aware and practiced the CSAPs investigated in this study except for irrigation with high awareness yet with low uptake percentage and potato seedlings and minitubers both with low awareness and practice respectively. This study recommended mainstreaming of CSAPs information.},
}

@article {pmid34483635,
year = {2017},
author = {Bunten, D and Kahn, ME},
title = {Optimal real estate capital durability and localized climate change disaster risk.},
journal = {Journal of housing economics},
volume = {36},
number = {},
pages = {1-7},
doi = {10.1016/j.jhe.2017.01.004},
pmid = {34483635},
issn = {1051-1377},
abstract = {The durability of the real estate capital stock could hinder climate change adaptation because past construction anchors the population in beautiful and productive but increasingly-risky coastal areas. However, coastal developers anticipate that their assets face increasing risk and this creates an incentive to seek adaptation strategies. This paper models climate change as a joint process of (1) increasingly destructive storms and (2) a risk of sea-level rise that submerges coastal property. We study how forward-looking developers and real estate investors respond to the new risks along a number of dimensions including their choices of location, capital durability, capital mobility (modular real estate), and maintenance of existing properties. The net effect of such investments is a more resilient urban population.},
}

@article {pmid34483407,
year = {2021},
author = {Sanford, M and Painter, J and Yasseri, T and Lorimer, J},
title = {Controversy around climate change reports: a case study of Twitter responses to the 2019 IPCC report on land.},
journal = {Climatic change},
volume = {167},
number = {3-4},
pages = {59},
doi = {10.1007/s10584-021-03182-1},
pmid = {34483407},
issn = {0165-0009},
abstract = {In August 2019, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) published its Special Report on Climate Change and Land (SRCCL), which generated extensive societal debate and interest in mainstream and social media. Using computational and conceptual text analysis, we examined more than 6,000 English-language posts on Twitter to establish the relative presence of different topics. Then, we assessed their levels of toxicity and sentiment polarity as an indication of contention and controversy. We find first that meat consumption and dietary options became one of the most discussed issues on Twitter in response to the IPCC report, even though it was a relatively minor element of the report; second, this new issue of controversy (meat and diet) had similar, high levels of toxicity to strongly contentious issues in previous IPCC reports (skepticism about climate science and the credibility of the IPCC). We suggest that this is in part a reflection of increasingly polarized narratives about meat and diet found in other areas of public discussion and of a movement away from criticism of climate science towards criticism of climate solutions. Finally, we discuss the possible implications of these findings for the work of the IPCC in anticipating responses to its reports and responding to them effectively.

Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10584-021-03182-1.},
}

@article {pmid34482591,
year = {2021},
author = {Bairos-Novak, KR and Hoogenboom, MO and van Oppen, MJH and Connolly, SR},
title = {Coral adaptation to climate change: Meta-analysis reveals high heritability across multiple traits.},
journal = {Global change biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/gcb.15829},
pmid = {34482591},
issn = {1365-2486},
support = {FL180100036//Australian Research Council/ ; //Australian Government Research Training Program Scholarship/ ; },
abstract = {Anthropogenic climate change is a rapidly intensifying selection pressure on biodiversity across the globe and, particularly, on the world's coral reefs. The rate of adaptation to climate change is proportional to the amount of phenotypic variation that can be inherited by subsequent generations (i.e., narrow-sense heritability, h2). Thus, traits that have higher heritability (e.g., h2 > 0.5) are likely to adapt to future conditions faster than traits with lower heritability (e.g., h2 < 0.1). Here, we synthesize 95 heritability estimates across 19 species of reef-building corals. Our meta-analysis reveals low heritability (h2 < 0.25) of gene expression metrics, intermediate heritability (h2 = 0.25-0.50) of photochemistry, growth, and bleaching, and high heritability (h2 > 0.50) for metrics related to survival and immune responses. Some of these values are higher than typically observed in other taxa, such as survival and growth, while others were more comparable, such as gene expression and photochemistry. There was no detectable effect of temperature on heritability, but narrow-sense heritability estimates were generally lower than broad-sense estimates, indicative of significant non-additive genetic variation across traits. Trait heritability also varied depending on coral life stage, with bleaching and growth in juveniles generally having lower heritability compared to bleaching and growth in larvae and adults. These differences may be the result of previous stabilizing selection on juveniles or may be due to constrained evolution resulting from genetic trade-offs or genetic correlations between growth and thermotolerance. While we find no evidence that heritability decreases under temperature stress, explicit tests of the heritability of thermal tolerance itself-such as coral thermal reaction norm shape-are lacking. Nevertheless, our findings overall reveal high trait heritability for the majority of coral traits, suggesting corals may have a greater potential to adapt to climate change than has been assumed in recent evolutionary models.},
}

@article {pmid34482460,
year = {2021},
author = {Ozdemir, D},
title = {The impact of climate change on agricultural productivity in Asian countries: a heterogeneous panel data approach.},
journal = {Environmental science and pollution research international},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {34482460},
issn = {1614-7499},
abstract = {While climate change is having serious impacts on agriculture and may require ongoing adaptation, short-run threats to global food security are also crucial for developing countries. We use dynamic and asymmetric panel autoregressive distributed lag estimators to investigate how the effects of climate change on agricultural productivity vary depending upon the short run and long run in Asia over the period of 1980-2016. The results confirmed that there is a long-run relationship between agricultural productivity and climate change variables; however, only CO2 emissions could be linked to agricultural productivity in the short run. Moreover, while the direction of this effect is positive for the short run, it turns into negative in the long run confirming that carbon fertilization in the atmosphere can to some extent have a positive effect on agricultural productivity.},
}

@article {pmid34482110,
year = {2021},
author = {Mafi-Gholami, D and Pirasteh, S and Ellison, JC and Jaafari, A},
title = {Fuzzy-based vulnerability assessment of coupled social-ecological systems to multiple environmental hazards and climate change.},
journal = {Journal of environmental management},
volume = {299},
number = {},
pages = {113573},
doi = {10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113573},
pmid = {34482110},
issn = {1095-8630},
abstract = {Climate change and combining related parameters of environmental hazards have left a considerable challenge in assessing social-ecological vulnerability. Here we integrated a fuzzy-based approach in the vulnerability assessment of mangrove social-ecological systems combining environmental parameters, socio-economic, and vegetative components from exposure dimensions, sensitivity and adaptive capacity along the northern coasts of the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman for the first time. This study aims to provide critical information for habitat-scale management strategies and adaptation plans by assessing the vulnerability of mangrove social-ecological systems. This study provides a methodology framework that consists of five steps. Step 1: We combined the fuzzy weighted maps of seven environmental hazards, including tidal range, maximum wind speeds, drought magnitude, maximum temperatures, extreme storm surge, sea-level rise, significant wave height, and social vulnerability. This map combination determined that the computed exposure index is from 1.07 to 4.32 across the study areas, with an increasing trend from the coasts of the Persian Gulf to the Gulf of Oman. Step 2: We integrated the fuzzy weighted maps of four sensitivity variables, including area change, health change, seaward edge retreat, and production potential change. The findings show that the sensitivity index is from 1.40 to 2.64 across the study areas, increasing the trend from the Persian Gulf coast to the Gulf of Oman. Step 3: Besides, we combined the fuzzy weighted maps of three adaptive capacity variables, including the availability of migration areas, recruitment, and local communities' participation in restoration projects and education programs. The result showed that the index value across the study areas varies between 0.087 and 2.38, decreasing the trend from the Persian Gulf coast to the Gulf of Oman. Step 4: Implementing fuzzy hierarchical analysis process to determine the relative weight of variables corresponding to exposure, sensitivity and adaptive capacity. Step 5: The integration of exposure, sensitivity and adaptive capacity and the vulnerability index maps in the study areas showed variation from 0.25 to 5.92, with the vulnerability of mangroves from the west coast of the Persian Gulf (Nayband) decreasing towards Khamir, then increasing to the eastern coasts of the Gulf of Oman (Jask and Gwadar). Overall, the results indicate the importance of the proposed approach to the vulnerability of mangroves at the habitat scale along a coastal area and across environmental gradients of climatic, maritime and socio-economic variables. This study validated the findings based on the ground truth measurements, and high-resolution satellite data incorporated the Consistency Rate (CR) in the Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP). The overall accuracy of all classified remote sensing images and maps consistently exceeded 90%, and the CR of the 25 completed questionnaires was <0.1. Finally, this study indicates differences in vulnerability of various habitats, leading to focus conservation completion and rehabilitation and climate change adaptation planning to support the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG)-13 implementation.},
}

@article {pmid34480869,
year = {2021},
author = {Marques, R and Krüger, RF and Cunha, SK and Silveira, AS and Alves, DMCC and Rodrigues, GD and Peterson, AT and Jiménez-García, D},
title = {Climate change impacts on Anopheles (K.) cruzii in urban areas of Atlantic Forest of Brazil: challenges for malaria diseases.},
journal = {Acta tropica},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {106123},
doi = {10.1016/j.actatropica.2021.106123},
pmid = {34480869},
issn = {1873-6254},
abstract = {Around 27% of South Americans live in central and southern Brazil. Of 19,400 human malaria cases in Brazil in 2018, some were from the southern and southeastern states. High abundance of malaria vectors is generally positively associated with malaria incidence. Expanding geographic distributions of Anopheles vector mosquito species (e.g. A. cruzii) in the face of climate change processes would increase risk of such malaria transmission; such risk is of particular concern in regions that hold human population concentrations near present limits of vector species' geographic distributions. We modeled effects of likely climate changes on the distribution of A. cruzii, evaluating two scenarios of future greenhouse gas emissions for 2050, as simulated in 21 general circulation models and two greenhouse gas scenarios (RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5) for 2050. We tested 1305 candidate models, and chose among them based on statistical significance, predictive performance, and complexity. The models closely approximated the known geographic distribution of the species under current conditions. Under scenarios of future climate change, we noted increases in suitable area for the mosquito vector species in São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro states, including areas close to 30 densely populated cities. Under RCP 8.5, our models anticipate areal increases of >75% for this important malaria vector in the vicinity of 20 large Brazilian cities. We developed models that anticipate increased suitability for the mosquito species; around 50% of Brazilians reside in these areas, and ∼89% of foreign tourists visit coastal areas in this region. Under climate change thereefore, the risk and vulnerability of human populations to malaria transmission appears bound to increase.},
}

@article {pmid34478595,
year = {2021},
author = {Franke, JA and Müller, C and Minoli, S and Elliott, J and Folberth, C and Gardner, C and Hank, T and Izaurralde, RC and Jägermeyr, J and Jones, CD and Liu, W and Olin, S and Pugh, TAM and Ruane, AC and Stephens, H and Zabel, F and Moyer, EJ},
title = {Agricultural breadbaskets shift poleward given adaptive farmer behavior under climate change.},
journal = {Global change biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/gcb.15868},
pmid = {34478595},
issn = {1365-2486},
abstract = {Modern food production is spatially concentrated in global "breadbaskets". A major unresolved question is whether these peak production regions will shift poleward as the climate warms, allowing some recovery of potential climaterelated losses. While agricultural impacts studies to date have focused on currently cultivated land, the Global Gridded Crop Model Intercomparison Project (GGCMI) Phase 2 experiment allows us to assess changes in both yields and the location of peak productivity regions under warming. We examine crop responses under projected end-of-century warming using 7 process-based models simulating 5 major crops (maize, rice, soybeans, and spring and winter wheat) with a variety of adaptation strategies. We find that in no-adaptation cases, when planting date and cultivar choices are held fixed, regions of peak production remain stationary and yield losses can be severe, since growing seasons contract strongly with warming. When adaptations in management practices are allowed (cultivars that retain growing season length under warming and modified planting dates), peak productivity zones shift poleward and yield losses are largely recovered. While most growing-zone shifts are ultimately limited by geography, breadbaskets studied here move poleward over 600 km on average by end of the century under RCP8.5. These results suggest that agricultural impacts assessments can be strongly biased if restricted in spatial area or in the scope of adaptive behavior considered. Accurate evaluation of food security under climate change requires global modeling and careful treatment of adaptation strategies.},
}

@article {pmid34478590,
year = {2021},
author = {Xu, X and Ouyang, X and Gu, Y and Cheng, K and Smith, P and Sun, J and Li, Y and Pan, G},
title = {Climate change may interact with nitrogen fertilizer management leading to different ammonia loss in China's croplands.},
journal = {Global change biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/gcb.15874},
pmid = {34478590},
issn = {1365-2486},
abstract = {Despite research into the response of ammonia (NH3) volatilization in farmland to various meteorological factors, the potential impact of future climate change on NH3 volatilization is not fully understood. Based on a database consisting of 1063 observations across China, nonlinear NH3 models considering crop type, meteorological, soil and management variables were established via four machine learning methods, including support vector machine, multi-layer perceptron, gradient boosting machine and random forest (RF). The RF model had the highest R2 of 0.76 and the lowest RMSE of 0.82, showing the best simulation capability. Results of model importance indicated that NH3 volatilization was mainly controlled by total input of N fertilizer, followed by meteorological factors, human managements and soil characteristics. The NH3 emissions of China's cereal production (paddy rice, wheat and maize) in 2018 was estimated to be 3.3 Mt NH3 -N. By 2050, NH3 volatilization will increase by 23.1-32.0% under different climate change scenarios (Representative Concentration Pathways, RCPs), and climate change will have the greatest impact on NH3 volatilization in the Yangtze river agro-region of China due to high warming effects. However, the potential increase of NH3 volatilization under future climate change can be mitigated by 26.1-47.5% through various N fertilizer management optimization options.},
}

@article {pmid34476822,
year = {2021},
author = {Nadeau, KC and Agache, I and Jutel, M and Annesi Maesano, I and Akdis, M and Sampath, V and D'Amato, G and Cecchi, L and Traidl-Hoffmann, C and Akdis, CA},
title = {Climate change: A call to action for the United Nations.},
journal = {Allergy},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/all.15079},
pmid = {34476822},
issn = {1398-9995},
abstract = {In recent decades, increased burning of fossil fuels for electricity, heating and transportation have led to increases in greenhouse gases (e.g., carbon dioxide (CO2), methane, nitrous oxide, and fluorinated gases) while deforestation and decreased biodiversity has reduced the Earth's ability to remove CO2 , the major greenhouse gas emission. Greenhouse gases trap the sun's energy leading to fundamental shifts in the physical and chemical nature of our planet. They also increase global temperatures both on land and in the oceans and increase acidification of the ocean. More than 90 percent of the warming that happened on Earth between 1971-2010 occurred in the oceans. In the 141 years that the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) has tracked global heat, the 10 warmest years on record have occurred since 2005.1.},
}

@article {pmid34476707,
year = {2021},
author = {Tang, SL and Song, YB and Zeng, B and Dong, M},
title = {Potential distribution of the extremely endangered species Ostrya rehderiana (Betulaceae) in China under future climate change.},
journal = {Environmental science and pollution research international},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {34476707},
issn = {1614-7499},
support = {2016YFC0503100//National Key R&D Program of China/ ; 31670429//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 31400346//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; },
abstract = {Global climate change is a major threat to biodiversity, which may increase the extinction risk of rare species, particularly those like Ostrya rehderiana Chun (Betulaceae) with very few remaining extant wild individuals. We aimed to estimate the potential distribution of O. rehderiana under climate change and to analyze possible relevant climatic factors. Maximum entropy (Maxent) was employed to model the potential distribution of O. rehderiana under present and future climate scenarios. Suitable habitat areas in different periods and the main contributing climate factors were identified using species distribution models. The minimum temperature in winter and precipitation seasonality were the principal climatic factors influencing the establishment of O. rehderiana. The proportion of high potential distribution area in China was 3.91% and would further shrink significantly under changing climate, especially reduce by 97% under high radiative forcing. The extinction risk of O. rehderiana would still be extraordinarily high under future climate scenarios. The Tianmu and Luoxiao Mountains would be the only potential refugia for O. rehderiana in the future. Special conservation efforts are urgently required to rescue extremely endangered species as O. rehderiana. We propose priorities for the conservation region and suggestions for conservation management strategies.},
}

@article {pmid34476697,
year = {2021},
author = {Khan, AA and Khan, SU and Ali, MAS and Javed, T and Khan, A and Luo, J},
title = {An impact of climate change and groundwater salinity on shadow price of water, farmers' revenue, and socioeconomic and environmental indicators in district Kohat-Pakistan.},
journal = {Environmental science and pollution research international},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {34476697},
issn = {1614-7499},
abstract = {Globally, agricultural productivity is adversely impacted due to climatic changes as the temperatures rises and precipitation decreases, and especially in Pakistan, which ultimately enhanced groundwater salinity and harmed water quality in the country. However, the impacts of groundwater salinity and climate change on farmers' revenue have not been fully understood in Pakistan. Therefore, the focus of current research is the assessment of shadow price of water, farmers' revenue, and socioeconomic and environmental indicators affected by variations in groundwater salinity, precipitation, and temperature. The estimation of crop yield sensitivity to groundwater salinity, precipitation, and temperature and their prediction for 2030, 2040, and 2050 time periods was accomplished through the technique of General Maximum Entropy and Response-Yield function. Moreover, the assessment of groundwater quality and climate variable impacts on socioeconomic and environmental indicators was obtained through Target Motad-PMP model. In the end, the most suitable climate change scenario in the study area was established by applying a multi-criteria decision-making method. The results revealed that groundwater salinity and temperature expressed a significantly increasing trend with the Z values of 5.82 and 2.15, respectively. While the precipitation depicted a significantly decreasing trend (Z value = -3.37). The negative impact of climatic changes and groundwater salinity was revealed for revenue risk and shadow prices of water. The most negative impact on income risk and shadow prices is during 2050 horizon with a decrease by 11.4 and 19.4% respectively. The environmental index is the most important with a priority of 43.4% compared to the socio-economic indicators. The sub-index water use is also significant in the study area with a priority of 28.1%. A2 is the most appropriate climate scenario conferring to the TOPSIS ranking method. Therefore, the A2 scenario should be taken into account for the policy of adaptation to the climate change wonder in district Kohat.},
}

@article {pmid34476694,
year = {2021},
author = {Gong, L and Liu, D and Jiang, L and Li, X and Lv, J},
title = {Distribution characteristics of climate potential productivity of soybean in frigid region and its response to climate change.},
journal = {Environmental science and pollution research international},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {34476694},
issn = {1614-7499},
abstract = {The scope of this study is to analyze the climatic potential productivity of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] and explore the impact of climate change on soybean in the frigid region in China by using daily climatic variables from 144 meteorological stations for the period 1971‒2019. The gradually descending model is used to estimate photosynthesis, light-temperature, and climatic potential productivity of soybean. The results show that climate potential productivity of soybean in the frigid region ranges from large to small: Liaoning > Jilin > Heilongjiang > East Four Leagues (four cities in eastern Inner Mongolia), with Heilongjiang and East Four Leagues showing a significant upward trend. Spatially, the climate potential productivity is larger on plains than that on mountains. The Northeast Plain and Sanjiang Plain are areas with high climate potential productivity. Changes in climatic factors have different impacts on the climate potential productivity of soybean. The influence of temperature changes on the climate potential productivity shows a positive effect, and climate warming compensates for the lack of heat in the frigid region. Furthermore, radiation and precipitation are the main climatic factors leading to spatial differences in the climate potential productivity of soybean in the frigid region. Radiation changes have a positive effect on soybean climate potential productivity in plain areas and a negative effect on the mountains. However, precipitation reduction negatively affects most of the frigid region, while it has a positive effect on the two plains of Heilongjiang. Precipitation responses the needs of soybean growth. Our findings recommend that a transition of soybean planting from the mountainous region to plain, that is, from low potential productivity areas to high potential productivity areas, could be an effective strategy for regional optimization for planting structure and rational utilization of irrigation technology.},
}

@article {pmid34475548,
year = {2021},
author = {Bundell, S and Petrić Howe, N},
title = {Dead trees play an under-appreciated role in climate change.},
journal = {Nature},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1038/d41586-021-02391-z},
pmid = {34475548},
issn = {1476-4687},
}

@article {pmid34475385,
year = {2021},
author = {Dudney, J and Willing, CE and Das, AJ and Latimer, AM and Nesmith, JCB and Battles, JJ},
title = {Author Correction: Nonlinear shifts in infectious rust disease due to climate change.},
journal = {Nature communications},
volume = {12},
number = {1},
pages = {5326},
doi = {10.1038/s41467-021-25692-3},
pmid = {34475385},
issn = {2041-1723},
}

@article {pmid34473770,
year = {2021},
author = {Zangiabadi, S and Zaremaivan, H and Brotons, L and Mostafavi, H and Ranjbar, H},
title = {Using climatic variables alone overestimate climate change impacts on predicting distribution of an endemic species.},
journal = {PloS one},
volume = {16},
number = {9},
pages = {e0256918},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0256918},
pmid = {34473770},
issn = {1932-6203},
abstract = {Plant species distribution is constrained by both dynamic and static environmental variables. However, relative contribution of dynamic and static variables in determining species distributions is not clear and has far reaching implications for range change dynamics in a changing world. Prunus eburnea (Spach) Aitch. & Hemsl. is an endemic and medicinal plant species of Iran. It has rendered itself as ecologically important for its functions and services and is currently in need of habitat conservation measures requiring investigation of future potential distribution range. We conducted sampling of 500 points that cover most of Iran plateau and recorded the P. eburnea presence and absence during the period 2015-2017. In this study, we evaluated impacts of using only climatic variables versus combined with topographic and edaphic variables on accuracy criteria and predictive ability of current and future habitat suitability of this species under climate change (CCSM4, RCP 2.6 in 2070) by generalized linear model and generalized boosted model. Models' performances were evaluated using area under the curve, sensitivity, specificity and the true skill statistic. Then, we evaluated here, driving environmental variables determining the distribution of P. eburnea by using principal component analysis and partitioning methods. Our results indicated that prediction with high accuracy of the spatial distribution of P. eburnea requires both climate information, as dynamic primary factors, but also detailed information on soil and topography variables, as static factors. The results emphasized that environmental variable grouping influenced the modelling prediction ability strongly and the use of only climate variables would exaggerate the predicted distribution range under climate change. Results supported using both dynamic and static variables improved accuracy of the modeling and provided more realistic prediction of species distribution under influence of climate change.},
}

@article {pmid34473287,
year = {2021},
author = {Sasai, F and Roncal-Jimenez, C and Rogers, K and Sato, Y and Brown, JM and Glaser, J and Garcia, G and Sanchez-Lozada, LG and Rodriguez-Iturbe, B and Dawson, JB and Sorensen, C and Hernando, AA and Gonzalez-Quiroz, M and Lanaspa, M and Newman, L and Johnson, RJ},
title = {Climate Change and Nephrology.},
journal = {Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/ndt/gfab258},
pmid = {34473287},
issn = {1460-2385},
abstract = {Climate change should be of special concern for the nephrologist as the kidney has a critical role in protecting the host from dehydration, but is also a favorite target of heat stress and dehydration. Here we discuss how rising temperatures and extreme heat events may affect the kidney. The most severe presentation of heat stress is heat stroke, which can result in severe electrolyte disturbance and both acute and chronic kidney disease. However, lesser levels of heat stress also have multiple effects, including exacerbating kidney disease and precipitating cardiovascular events in subjects with established kidney disease. Heat stress can also increase the risk for kidney stones, cause multiple electrolyte abnormalities, and induce both acute and chronic kidney disease. Recently there have been multiple epidemics of chronic kidney disease of uncertain etiology in various regions of the world, including Mesoamerica, Sri Lanka, India and Thailand. There is increasing evidence that climate change and heat stress may have a contributory role in these conditions, although other causes including toxins could also be involved. As climate change worsens, the nephrologist should prepare for an increase in diseases associated with heat stress and dehydration.},
}

@article {pmid34469020,
year = {2021},
author = {Florko, KRN and Tai, TC and Cheung, WWL and Ferguson, SH and Sumaila, UR and Yurkowski, DJ and Auger-Méthé, M},
title = {Predicting how climate change threatens the prey base of Arctic marine predators.},
journal = {Ecology letters},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/ele.13866},
pmid = {34469020},
issn = {1461-0248},
support = {//Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada/ ; //NSERC Canada Graduate Scholarship-Doctoral/ ; //Leaders Fellowship, Northern Scientific Training Program, NSERC Discovery Program/ ; //Canada Research Chair Program/ ; },
abstract = {Arctic sea ice loss has direct consequences for predators. Climate-driven distribution shifts of native and invasive prey species may exacerbate these consequences. We assessed potential changes by modelling the prey base of a widely distributed Arctic predator (ringed seal; Pusa hispida) in a sentinel area for change (Hudson Bay) under high- and low-greenhouse gas emission scenarios from 1950 to 2100. All changes were relatively negligible under the low-emission scenario, but under the high-emission scenario, we projected a 50% decline in the abundance of the well-distributed, ice-adapted and energy-rich Arctic cod (Boreogadus saida) and an increase in the abundance of smaller temperate-associated fish in southern and coastal areas. Furthermore, our model predicted that all fish species declined in mean body size, but a 29% increase in total prey biomass. Declines in energy-rich prey and restrictions in their spatial range are likely to have cascading effects on Arctic predators.},
}

@article {pmid34467519,
year = {2021},
author = {Nelson, KN and O'Dean, E and Knapp, EE and Parker, AJ and Bisbing, SM},
title = {Persistent yet vulnerable: resurvey of an Abies ecotone reveals few differences but vulnerability to climate change.},
journal = {Ecology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e03525},
doi = {10.1002/ecy.3525},
pmid = {34467519},
issn = {1939-9170},
abstract = {Climate change is shifting forest tree species distributions across elevational and latitudinal gradients, and these changes are often pronounced at ecotones where species meet their climatic bounds and are replaced by other species. Using an extensive ecotone composed of lower-montane white fir (Abies concolor var. lowiana) and upper-montane red fir (Abies magnifica var. magnifica) in the central Sierra Nevada range of California, USA, we (1) examined how the demographics of the ecotone have responded to recent climate using a field observational study and a historic dataset, (2) quantified climate drivers across species life stages using contemporary demographic data, and (3) tested the potential impacts of future climate on species-specific seedling survival and growth in a fully-factorial growth chamber experiment that varied temperature, growing season length, and water availability. A re-examination of the ecotone midpoint after 35-years suggests a reduction in A. concolor sapling and tree densities and a rise in A. magnifica proportional dominance between surveys. Seedling abundances across the ecotone indicate that A. magnifica tends to dominate the regeneration layer and currently forms an important component of the seedling community at elevations below those where A. magnifica saplings or trees begin to co-dominate stands. Observational and experimental assessments suggest that temperature and precipitation serve as important drivers differentiating A. concolor versus A. magnifica distributions and are primary stressors at the seedling stage. Seedlings of both species were adversely affected by experimental climate treatments, although A. concolor exhibited greater survival and a more conservative growth strategy under extreme climatic stress than A. magnifica. Projections indicate that historic climate conditions will rise by an amount greater than the ecotone's current elevational extent by the end of the 21st century. Differential drivers of species abundances suggest that projected climate will expand conditions that promote A. concolor abundance and impede A. magnifica abundance across the ecotone; however, disturbance activity and microclimatic conditions will also influence regeneration and overstory tree dynamics. Our study demonstrates the importance of quantifying species-specific responses to climate and indicates that widespread regeneration failure may be one possible consequence where species exhibit strong sensitivity to projected climate conditions.},
}

@article {pmid34466943,
year = {2017},
author = {Greenglass, A},
title = {Climate Change and Population Health.},
journal = {Delaware journal of public health},
volume = {3},
number = {5},
pages = {60-66},
doi = {10.32481/djph.2017.10.010},
pmid = {34466943},
issn = {2639-6378},
}

@article {pmid34466942,
year = {2017},
author = {Meredith, WH and Eppes, SC},
title = {Climate Change:: Vector-Borne Diseases and Their Control; Mosquitoes and Ticks.},
journal = {Delaware journal of public health},
volume = {3},
number = {5},
pages = {52-57},
doi = {10.32481/djph.2017.10.009},
pmid = {34466942},
issn = {2639-6378},
}

@article {pmid34466941,
year = {2017},
author = {Gost, A and Hess-Mutinda, R and Mitchell, C and Sapkota, A},
title = {Climate and Health in Maryland:: The Maryland Climate Change Health Adaptation Program.},
journal = {Delaware journal of public health},
volume = {3},
number = {5},
pages = {44-50},
doi = {10.32481/djph.2017.10.008},
pmid = {34466941},
issn = {2639-6378},
abstract = {Maryland's response to climate change has included creation of the Maryland Commission on Climate Change in 2007, and initiatives across many State agencies. The Commission coordinates these initiatives through the State Climate Action Plan. The Maryland Department of Health has partnered with the School of Public Health at the University of Maryland College Park to develop the 2016 Climate and Health Profile report, which estimates the health impacts of climate change in Maryland. Using historical health data and climate model projections, the report found that climate change will have a disproportionate impact on certain populations across the state. For example, extreme heat and extreme precipitation events during summer months increased the risk of hospitalization for asthma in Maryland by 22% and 11% respectively. But the extreme heat related risk for asthma hospitalization was more pronounced among non-Hispanic whites (33%) than non-Hispanic blacks (20%). Based on these findings, the Department and School have begun to engage with community organizations and various stakeholders to develop interventions and adaptations aimed at increasing resilience and mitigating some of the health impacts. Through these partnerships and projects, Maryland is using health data, climate projections, and the State Climate Action Plan to assist local communities and regional partners in climate adaptation activities.},
}

@article {pmid34466939,
year = {2017},
author = {Duffy, PB},
title = {Climate Change and Health.},
journal = {Delaware journal of public health},
volume = {3},
number = {5},
pages = {24-25},
doi = {10.32481/djph.2017.10.006},
pmid = {34466939},
issn = {2639-6378},
}

@article {pmid34466937,
year = {2017},
author = {Brodie, JF and Archer, CL and Rauscher, SA},
title = {Ozone pollution in Delaware:: How does climate change influence ozone-related health?.},
journal = {Delaware journal of public health},
volume = {3},
number = {5},
pages = {6-11},
doi = {10.32481/djph.2017.10.004},
pmid = {34466937},
issn = {2639-6378},
abstract = {Ozone is the only pollutant that exceeds national and state standards in Delaware. Using observations and two different climate models, the number of high-ozone days (days exceeding 70 ppb based on the 8-hour average in Delaware) is investigated for the late 20th and early to mid-21st centuries using a synoptic typing methodology, which relates surface conditions conducive to high-ozone events to atmospheric circulation. High-ozone days are associated with the absence of precipitation and southwesterly to west-northwesterly flow over Delaware, which tend to bring higher daily mean temperatures (exceeding 25.5°C). Models underestimate the number of observed high-ozone days in the 20th century, because the models do not include the effects of ozone regulation, which has decreased the number of ozone days. Meanwhile, higher concentrations of greenhouse gases and the resulting higher temperatures favor increased ozone days, an effect that is captured by the models. As temperatures continue to rise in the 21st century, climate projections indicate that high-ozone conditions will occur more frequently. By mid-century, the number of high-ozone days is projected to increase by about an extra day every two years, which is faster than it was in the previous 30 years. Thus global warming cancels out a quarter of the progress made in improving air quality in the state of Delaware, meaning that the air quality in mid-century is expected to be the same as it was around 2006. In a warming world, air quality standards will need to stricter to maintain or reduce the number of high-ozone events in Delaware.},
}

@article {pmid34465790,
year = {2021},
author = {Deroubaix, A and Labuhn, I and Camredon, M and Gaubert, B and Monerie, PA and Popp, M and Ramarohetra, J and Ruprich-Robert, Y and Silvers, LG and Siour, G},
title = {Large uncertainties in trends of energy demand for heating and cooling under climate change.},
journal = {Nature communications},
volume = {12},
number = {1},
pages = {5197},
pmid = {34465790},
issn = {2041-1723},
abstract = {The energy demand for heating and cooling buildings is changing with global warming. Using proxies of climate-driven energy demand based on the heating and cooling Degree-Days methodology applied to thirty global climate model simulations, we show that, over all continental areas, the climate-driven energy demand trends for heating and cooling were weak, changing by less than 10% from 1950 to 1990, but become stronger from 1990 to 2030, changing by more than 10%. With the multi-model mean, the increasing trends in cooling energy demand are more pronounced than the decreasing trends in heating. The changes in cooling, however, are highly variable depending on individual simulations, ranging from a few to several hundred percent in most of the densely populated mid-latitude areas. This work presents an example of the challenges that accompany future energy demand quantification as a result of the uncertainty in the projected climate.},
}

@article {pmid34465050,
year = {2021},
author = {Ojo, TO and Adetoro, AA and Ogundeji, AA and Belle, JA},
title = {Quantifying the determinants of climate change adaptation strategies and farmers' access to credit in South Africa.},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
volume = {792},
number = {},
pages = {148499},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148499},
pmid = {34465050},
issn = {1879-1026},
abstract = {The damaging effects of climate change on agricultural productivity are on the increase. Relevant adaptation strategies are important to cope with climate change risks and sustain agricultural productivity. This study employed descriptive statistics, multivariate probit (MVP) model and endogenous switching regression model (ESRM), to analyze the data collected using a survey questionnaire from four provinces in South Africa. The study estimated the determining factors influencing the adoption of climate change adaptation strategies and credit access among smallholder farmers in the study areas. The empirical results of the multivariate probit model showed that location, access to extension, non-farm income, farming experience, crop and livestock production, susceptibility, agricultural training and access to credit variables influenced the smallholder decision to adopt climate change adaptation strategies. On the other hand, the ESRM showed that location, age, marital status, gender among others, influenced the decision to adopt climate change adaptation strategies. The variables such as location, education, drought experience affected the smallholder farmers' access to credit. Thus, to improve the adaptive capacity of farmers, stakeholders and government must cooperate and collaborate to improve the conditions under which farmers can gain access to climate change information and suitable agricultural credit as well as policy incentives to ensure overall sustainability of the agricultural sector.},
}

@article {pmid34464796,
year = {2021},
author = {Mazière, C and Bodo, M and Perdrau, MA and Cravo-Laureau, C and Duran, R and Dupuy, C and Hubas, C},
title = {Climate change influences chlorophylls and bacteriochlorophylls metabolism in hypersaline microbial mat.},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
volume = {802},
number = {},
pages = {149787},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149787},
pmid = {34464796},
issn = {1879-1026},
abstract = {This study aimed to determine the effect of the climatic change on the phototrophic communities of hypersaline microbial mats. Ocean acidification and warming were simulated alone and together on microbial mats placed into mesocosms. As expected, the temperature in the warming treatments increased by 4 °C from the initial temperature. Surprisingly, no significance difference was observed between the water pH of the different treatments despite of a decrease of 0.4 unit pH in the water reserves of acidification treatments. The salinity increased on the warming treatments and the dissolved oxygen concentration increased and was higher on the acidification treatments. A total of 37 pigments were identified belonging to chlorophylls, carotenes and xanthophylls families. The higher abundance of unknown chlorophyll molecules called chlorophyll derivatives was observed in the acidification alone treatment with a decrease in chlorophyll a abundance. This change in pigmentary composition was accompanied by a higher production of bound extracellular carbohydrates but didn't affect the photosynthetic efficiency of the microbial mats. A careful analysis of the absorption properties of these molecules indicated that these chlorophyll derivatives were likely bacteriochlorophyll c contained in the chlorosomes of green anoxygenic phototroph bacteria. Two hypotheses can be drawn from these results: 1/ the phototrophic communities of the microbial mats were modified under acidification treatment leading to a higher relative abundance of green anoxygenic bacteria, or 2/ the highest availability of CO2 in the environment has led to a shift in the metabolism of green anoxygenic bacteria being more competitive than other phototrophs.},
}

@article {pmid34462847,
year = {2021},
author = {Buttke, D and Wild, M and Monello, R and Schuurman, G and Hahn, M and Jackson, K},
title = {Managing Wildlife Disease Under Climate Change.},
journal = {EcoHealth},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {34462847},
issn = {1612-9210},
}

@article {pmid34462596,
year = {2021},
author = {Higham, C},
title = {Witness in US climate-change law suit tells all.},
journal = {Nature},
volume = {597},
number = {7874},
pages = {25-26},
doi = {10.1038/d41586-021-02344-6},
pmid = {34462596},
issn = {1476-4687},
}

@article {pmid34462575,
year = {2021},
author = {Xiong, W and Reynolds, MP and Crossa, J and Schulthess, U and Sonder, K and Montes, C and Addimando, N and Singh, RP and Ammar, K and Gerard, B and Payne, T},
title = {Increased ranking change in wheat breeding under climate change.},
journal = {Nature plants},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {34462575},
issn = {2055-0278},
abstract = {The International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center develops and annually distributes elite wheat lines to public and private breeders worldwide. Trials have been created in multiple sites over many years to assess the lines' performance for use in breeding and release as varieties, and to provide iterative feedback on refining breeding strategies1. The collaborator test sites are experiencing climate change, with new implications for how wheat genotypes are bred and selected2. Using a standard quantitative genetic model to analyse four International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center global spring wheat trial datasets, we examine how genotype-environment interactions have changed over recent decades. Notably, crossover interactions-a critical indicator of changes in the ranking of cultivar performance in different environments-have increased over time. Climatic factors explained over 70% of the year-to-year variability in crossover interactions for yield. Yield responses of all lines in trial environments from 1980 to 2018 revealed that climate change has increased the ranking change in breeding targeted to favourable environments by ~15%, while it has maintained or reduced the ranking change in breeding targeted to heat and drought stress by up to 13%. Genetic improvement has generally increased crossover interactions, particularly for wheat targeted to high-yielding environments. However, the latest wheat germplasm developed under heat stress was better adapted and more stable, partly offsetting the increase in ranking changes under the warmer climate.},
}

@article {pmid34461594,
year = {2021},
author = {Harth, NS},
title = {Affect, (group-based) emotions, and climate change action.},
journal = {Current opinion in psychology},
volume = {42},
number = {},
pages = {140-144},
doi = {10.1016/j.copsyc.2021.07.018},
pmid = {34461594},
issn = {2352-2518},
abstract = {While there is little scientific doubt that the climate is actually changing, people are relatively averse to taking action. To better understand climate change (in-)action, I will summarize the recent literature that examines the affective and emotional processes associated with climate change. Currently, mainly two routes are discussed: first, the study of affective responses to risk perception and second, conceptualizing climate action as a collective phenomenon. Studies show that personal relevance and perceived importance of environmental issues increase risk perception and that collective environmental actions are driven by group-based emotions. However, instead of focusing mainly on negative affect and (group-based) emotions, such as 'eco guilt' or fear related to climate change, I conclude by suggesting a more optimistic and positive approach to establish new norms of climate-friendly lifestyles and policies.},
}

@article {pmid34461482,
year = {2021},
author = {Sun, H and Wang, X and Fan, D and Sun, OJ},
title = {Contrasting vegetation response to climate change between two monsoon regions in Southwest China: The roles of climate condition and vegetation height.},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
volume = {802},
number = {},
pages = {149643},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149643},
pmid = {34461482},
issn = {1879-1026},
abstract = {Southwest China is an important biodiversity hotspot in the world and is controlled by the Pacific and Indian Ocean monsoon in the east and west part respectively. However, how abiotic and biotic factors affect the response of vegetation to climate change in different monsoon regions is still not clear. Here we used the annual change rate of growing-season normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI trend) during 1982-2015 to explore the vulnerability of vegetation (forests and shrubs) activity to climate change in southwest China. We examined NDVI trend in relation to: 1) climate change trends, i.e. annual change rate of water and energy availability, indicated by the Palmer Drought Index (PDSI) and potential evapotranspiration (PET), respectively; 2) climatic condition, i.e. mean PDSI and PET during 1982-2015; 3) vegetation height; 4) biome type; 5) monsoon region. The results showed that NDVI generally increased in the Pacific monsoon region, especially in the southern areas, probably because the vegetation under more productive climate were more resistant to climate change, and also because decreased temperature lead to lower evapotranspiration which alleviated the slight drought trend in this region. In contrast, NDVI generally decreased in the Indian Ocean monsoon region which showed more pronounced drought trend, especially in the tall subalpine and tropical forests of Southeast Tibetan Mountains, which supports the "hydraulic limitation hypothesis" that vegetation height interacted with climate change in affecting vegetation vulnerability. Our analysis highlighted the critical roles of different monsoon systems, climate condition and vegetation height in affecting ecosystem vulnerability. We suggest that the (sub)tropical forests in the Pacific monsoon region may have act as an important carbon sink during the past decades, while the tall forests in Southeast Tibetan mountains (a biodiversity center with high carbon stock) are highly vulnerable to climate change and should have priority in ecosystem protection.},
}

@article {pmid34458067,
year = {2021},
author = {Park, J},
title = {How can we pay for it all? Understanding the global challenge of financing climate change and sustainable development solutions.},
journal = {Journal of environmental studies and sciences},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-9},
doi = {10.1007/s13412-021-00715-z},
pmid = {34458067},
issn = {2190-6483},
abstract = {Despite the heightened attention to climate change and sustainable development initiatives by governments, civil society groups, and private companies in the USA and worldwide, the international community is confronted with a question that has existed since the 1992 Earth Summit: how can we pay for it all? To better understand this climate change and sustainable development goals (SDGs) funding dilemma, there needs to be greater clarity around four climate change investment and finance-related questions that are frequently absent or inadequately addressed in the academic and policy literature. Firstly, what are or should be the boundaries of climate change investment and finance when the problem of climate change becomes impossible to separate from biodiversity, land use management, and other dilemmas related to the broader SDGs? Secondly, how we should define and what constitutes "adequate" financial resources to address the climate change and SDGs dilemmas on the global level? Thirdly, why is it important to close the gap between climate change adaptation and mitigation funding levels? Finally, what role should the private sector and business actors play in terms of climate change investment and finance issues? In addition to achieving greater clarity around these four issue areas, I argue in this article that three questions are likely to shape the future success (or failure) of the global climate change investment and finance architecture. One, what is likely path of the United Nations as a global climate change/sustainability governance institution? Two, will the emerging Green New Deal model in the USA and in other countries actually materialize? Three, what is the future outlook for "market-fixing" sustainability-driven enterprises?},
}

@article {pmid34458027,
year = {2021},
author = {Fu, J and Zhao, L and Liu, C and Sun, B},
title = {Estimating the impact of climate change on the potential distribution of Indo-Pacific humpback dolphins with species distribution model.},
journal = {PeerJ},
volume = {9},
number = {},
pages = {e12001},
doi = {10.7717/peerj.12001},
pmid = {34458027},
issn = {2167-8359},
abstract = {As IUCN critically vulnerable species,the Indo-Pacific humpback dolphins (Sousa chinensis) have attracted great public attention in recent years. The threats of human disturbance and environmental pollution to this population have been documented extensively. However, research on the sensitivity of this species to climate change is lacking. To understand the effect of climate change on the potential distribution of Sousa chinensis, we developed a weighted ensemble model based on 82 occurrence records and six predictor variables (e.g., ocean depth, distance to shore, mean temperature, salinity, ice thickness, and current velocity). According to the true skill statistic (TSS) and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), our ensemble model presented higher prediction precision than most of the single-algorithm models. It also indicated that ocean depth and distance to shore were the most important predictors in shaping the distribution patterns. The projections for the 2050s and 2100s from our ensemble model indicated a severe adverse impact of climate change on the Sousa chinensis habitat. Over 75% and 80% of the suitable habitat in the present day will be lost in all representative concentration pathway emission scenarios (RCPS) in the 2050s and 2100s, respectively. With the increased numbers of records of stranding and deaths of Sousa chinensis in recent years, strict management regulations and conservation plans are urgent to safeguard the current suitable habitats. Due to habitat contraction and poleward shift in the future, adaptive management strategies, including designing new reserves and adjusting the location and range of reserves according to the geographical distribution of Sousa chinensis, should be formulated to minimize the impacts of climate change on this species.},
}

@article {pmid34456999,
year = {2021},
author = {Kaka, H and Opute, PA and Maboeta, MS},
title = {Potential Impacts of Climate Change on the Toxicity of Pesticides towards Earthworms.},
journal = {Journal of toxicology},
volume = {2021},
number = {},
pages = {8527991},
doi = {10.1155/2021/8527991},
pmid = {34456999},
issn = {1687-8191},
abstract = {This review examined one of the effects of climate change that has only recently received attention, i.e., climate change impacts on the distribution and toxicity of chemical contaminants in the environment. As ecosystem engineers, earthworms are potentially threatened by the increasing use of pesticides. Increases in temperature, precipitation regime changes, and related extreme climate events can potentially affect pesticide toxicity. This review of original research articles, reviews, and governmental and intergovernmental reports focused on the interactions between toxicants and environmental parameters. The latter included temperature, moisture, acidification, hypoxia, soil carbon cycle, and soil dynamics, as altered by climate change. Dynamic interactions between climate change and contaminants can be particularly problematic for organisms since organisms have an upper and lower physiological range, resulting in impacts on their acclimatization capacity. Climate change variables such as temperature and soil moisture also have an impact on acidification. An increase in temperature will impact precipitation which might impact soil pH. Also, an increase in precipitation can result in flooding which can reduce the population of earthworms by not giving juvenile earthworms enough time to develop into reproductive adults. As an independent stressor, hypoxia can affect soil organisms, alter bioavailability, and increase the toxicity of chemicals in some cases. Climate change variables, especially temperature and soil moisture, significantly affect the bioavailability of pesticides in the soil and the growth and reproduction of earthworm species.},
}

@article {pmid34456507,
year = {2021},
author = {Hua, T and Zhao, W and Cherubini, F and Hu, X and Pereira, P},
title = {Sensitivity and future exposure of ecosystem services to climate change on the Tibetan Plateau of China.},
journal = {Landscape ecology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-21},
doi = {10.1007/s10980-021-01320-9},
pmid = {34456507},
issn = {0921-2973},
abstract = {Context: Climate change has imposed tremendous impacts on ecosystem services. Recent attempts to quantify such impacts mainly focused on a basin or larger scale, or used limited time periods that largely ignore observations of long-term trends at a fine resolution, thereby affecting the recognition of climate change's effect on ecosystem services.

Objectives: This study conducts a detailed and spatially explicit recognition of climate change's effect on ecosystem services and provides an intuitive map for decision-making and climate change adaptation planning.

Methods: We used long-term time series of ecosystem service assessments and various future climate scenarios to quantify the sensitivity and future exposure of ecosystem services to climate change on the Tibetan Plateau.

Results: Carbon sequestration (CS) and habitat quality experience significant growth, while water retention did not show any trend. Sensitivity patterns of these ecosystem services vary largely. For CS, more than half of the pixels showed a positive sensitivity to climate change, even though the degree of sensitivity is not high. There is substantial spatial heterogeneity in the exposure of ecosystem services to future climate changes, and high levels of future climate change increase the intensity of exposure.

Conclusions: This study illustrates the complex spatial association between ecosystem services and climatic drivers, and these findings can help optimize local response strategies in the context of global warming. For example, the existing protected areas have notable conservation gaps for disturbance of future climate change on ecosystem services, especially in the southeastern part of the study area.

Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10980-021-01320-9.},
}

@article {pmid34456401,
year = {2021},
author = {Khan, MR and Munira, S},
title = {Climate change adaptation as a global public good: implications for financing.},
journal = {Climatic change},
volume = {167},
number = {3-4},
pages = {50},
doi = {10.1007/s10584-021-03195-w},
pmid = {34456401},
issn = {0165-0009},
abstract = {Beginning as an afterthought in the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change, adaptation as an agenda has come a long way since 1992. With no ambitious mitigation, recent years have witnessed an increasing frequency of extreme climate events, including cross-border or borderless climate risks. Accordingly, the Paris Agreement frames adaptation as a global goal and global responsibility. However, financing for adaptation continues to remain extremely poor, relative to the estimated needs, even though the regime has obligatory provisions for support by developed countries. Why is this so? Why should the majority of the countries, with an insignificant contribution to causing the problem, suffer from increasing climate impacts? How can adaptation finance be enhanced at scale? As a response to these queries, the paper substantiates three claims: (1) that poor funding can be attributed to the territorial framing under the regime that conceptualizes adaptation largely as a local or national public good and, hence, the inefficacy of market mechanisms, (2) that it makes conceptual and political sense to consider adaptation as a global public good, and (3) that such a reframing should make a difference in boosting adaptation finance. In a multi-polar world with different views on adaptation finance, multilateral agencies should lead in promoting the proposed framing.},
}

@article {pmid34456399,
year = {2021},
author = {Chinn, S and Hart, PS},
title = {Effects of consensus messages and political ideology on climate change attitudes: inconsistent findings and the effect of a pretest.},
journal = {Climatic change},
volume = {167},
number = {3-4},
pages = {47},
doi = {10.1007/s10584-021-03200-2},
pmid = {34456399},
issn = {0165-0009},
abstract = {There are inconsistent findings concerning the efficacy of consensus messages to persuade individuals to hold scientifically supported positions on climate change. In this experiment, we tested the impact of consensus messages on skeptics' climate beliefs and attitudes and investigated how the decision to pretest initial climate beliefs and attitudes prior to consensus message exposure may influence results. We found that although consensus messages led individuals to report higher scientific agreement estimates, total effects on key variables were likely an artifact of study design; consensus messages only affected climate attitudes and beliefs when they were measured both before and after message exposure. In the absence of a pretest, we did not observe significant total effects of consensus messages on climate outcomes. These results highlight the limitations of consensus messaging strategies at reducing political polarization and the importance of experimental designs that mimic real-world contexts.

Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10584-021-03200-2.},
}

@article {pmid34456120,
year = {2021},
author = {Jank, B and Rath, J},
title = {Emerging tropane alkaloid contaminations under climate change.},
journal = {Trends in plant science},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.tplants.2021.08.001},
pmid = {34456120},
issn = {1878-4372},
abstract = {Climate-driven invasions of toxin-producing plants compromise human health, food safety, and food security. A recent poisoning that involved cereal products distributed by the World Food Programme revealed contamination with tropane alkaloids from seeds of invasive common thorn-apple. With continued global change, plant toxin contaminations could become a more widespread phenomenon.},
}

@article {pmid34455678,
year = {2021},
author = {Upward, K and Saunders, V and Maple, M and Usher, K},
title = {Mental health, climate change, and bushfires: What's colonization got to do with it?.},
journal = {International journal of mental health nursing},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/inm.12927},
pmid = {34455678},
issn = {1447-0349},
}

@article {pmid34454200,
year = {2021},
author = {Marques, JF and Alves, MB and Silveira, CF and Amaral E Silva, A and Silva, TA and Dos Santos, VJ and Calijuri, ML},
title = {Fires dynamics in the Pantanal: Impacts of anthropogenic activities and climate change.},
journal = {Journal of environmental management},
volume = {299},
number = {},
pages = {113586},
doi = {10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113586},
pmid = {34454200},
issn = {1095-8630},
abstract = {Anthropogenic activities responsible for modifying climatic regimes and land use and land cover (LULC) have been altering fire behavior even in regions with natural occurrences, such as the Pantanal. This biome was highlighted in 2020 due to the record number of fire foci and burned areas registered. Thus, this study aimed to understand how changes in LULC and climate affect the spatial, temporal and magnitude dynamics of fire foci. The Earth Trends Modeler (ETM) was used to identify trends in spatiotemporal bases of environmental and climatic variables. No trend was identified in the historical series of precipitation data. However, an increasing trend was observed for evapotranspiration, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and temperature. For soil moisture, a decreasing trend was observed. The comparison between the mean of the historical series and the year 2020 showed that the variables precipitation, temperature, soil moisture and evapotranspiration had atypical behavior. Such behavior may have contributed to creating a drier environment with available combustible material, leading to a record number of burned areas, about three million hectares (248%) higher than the historical average. The 2020 fire foci data were used in two types of spatial statistical analyses: Grouping, showing that 76% of the registered fire foci were at high risk of fire and; Hot and Cold Spots, indicating high concentrations of Hot Spots in the northern region of the Pantanal, close to Cerrado and Amazon biomes agricultural frontier. The results of the Land Change Modeler (LCM) tool evidenced a strong transition potential from the natural vegetation to agriculture and pasture in the eastern region of the Pantanal, indicating that this could be, in the future, a region of high concentration of fire foci and possibly high risk of fire. This tool also allowed the prediction of a scenario for 2030 that showed that if measures for environmental protection and combating fires are not adopted, in this year, 20% of the Pantanal areas will be for agricultural and pasture use. Finally, the results suggest that the advance of agriculture in the Pantanal and changes in climatic and environmental variables boosted the increase in fire foci and burned areas in the year 2020.},
}

@article {pmid34454187,
year = {2021},
author = {Voss, R and Lee, RP and Seidl, L and Keller, F and Fröhling, M},
title = {Global warming potential and economic performance of gasification-based chemical recycling and incineration pathways for residual municipal solid waste treatment in Germany.},
journal = {Waste management (New York, N.Y.)},
volume = {134},
number = {},
pages = {206-219},
doi = {10.1016/j.wasman.2021.07.040},
pmid = {34454187},
issn = {1879-2456},
abstract = {Chemical recycling could facilitate the transition from a linear to a circular carbon economy, where carbon-containing waste is channeled back into the production cycle as a chemical feedstock instead of being incinerated or landfilled. However, the predominant focus on technological aspects of chemical recycling for plastic waste narrows evaluations of its potential in contributing to such a transition. Moreover, it leads to significant controversy about its role in the waste hierarchy as a possible competitor to mechanical recycling. To address these gaps in the literature, this study assesses ecological and economic impacts associated with chemical recycling of residual municipal solid waste in Germany. Combining approaches of life cycle assessment and techno-economic analysis, chemical recycling and conventional incineration-based treatment pathways are comparatively evaluated in terms of global warming potential and economic performance (i.e. fixed capital investment, net present value, dynamic payback period, and levelized cost of carbon abatement). Results indicate that compared to incineration-based conventional pathways, chemical recycling can contribute to reducing greenhouse gas emissions in low-emission energy systems. However, the economic performance of chemical recycling is highly dependent on its scale of operation. Additionally, a price premium for recycling products as well as economic instruments for penalizing CO2 emissions are identified to play important roles in the economic performance of chemical recycling.},
}

@article {pmid34453592,
year = {2021},
author = {Trnka, M and Bartošová, L and Grammatikopoulou, I and Havlík, P and Olesen, JE and Hlavinka, P and Marek, MV and Vačkářová, D and Skjelvåg, A and Žalud, Z},
title = {The Possibility of Consensus Regarding Climate Change Adaptation Policies in Agriculture and Forestry among Stakeholder Groups in the Czech Republic.},
journal = {Environmental management},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {34453592},
issn = {1432-1009},
support = {CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_019/0000797//Project SustES/ ; },
abstract = {As ongoing research efforts contribute to elucidating the consequences of climate change as well as adaptation and mitigation options, aligning the current research knowledge with stakeholder opinions and perceptions remains critical for adopting effective climate change policies. This paper utilizes an interactive survey to (1) address the aforementioned gap in studies involving three groups of stakeholders and opinion makers and (2) perform a comparative primary study of the climate change assumptions, risk perceptions, policy preferences, observations, and knowledge of Czech farmers, governmental policy-makers and researchers. This study shows that the stakeholder groups agree that the climate is clearly changing, attribute this change mostly to man-made causes and expect the negative effects to either prevail or be unevenly geographically distributed. The large majority of all three groups consider unmitigated climate change a major threat even by 2050 and agree that preparing in advance is the best sectoral strategy. Importantly, while investment in adaptation measures is considered the most efficient tool for accelerating the implementation of adaptation measures, the CAP and EU rules (as valid in 2016) are believed to hinder such measures. The results of this study have ramifications for the wider region of Central Europe.},
}

@article {pmid34453442,
year = {2021},
author = {Nolan, RH and Collins, L and Leigh, A and Ooi, MKJ and Curran, TJ and Fairman, TA and de Dios, VR and Bradstock, R},
title = {Limits to post-fire vegetation recovery under climate change.},
journal = {Plant, cell & environment},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/pce.14176},
pmid = {34453442},
issn = {1365-3040},
abstract = {Record-breaking fire seasons in many regions across the globe raise important questions about plant community responses to shifting fire regimes (i.e., changing fire frequency, severity, and seasonality). Here, we examine the impacts of climate-driven shifts in fire regimes on vegetation communities, and likely responses to fire coinciding with severe drought, heatwaves and/or insect outbreaks. We present scenario-based conceptual models on how overlapping disturbance events and shifting fire regimes interact differently to limit post-fire resprouting and recruitment capacity. We demonstrate that, although many communities will remain resilient to changing fire regimes in the short-term, longer-term changes to vegetation structure, demography and species composition are likely, with a range of subsequent effects on ecosystem function. Resprouting species are likely to be most resilient to changing fire regimes. However, even these species are susceptible if exposed to repeated short-interval fire in combination with other stressors. Post-fire recruitment is highly vulnerable to increased fire frequency, particularly as climatic limitations on propagule availability intensify. Prediction of community responses to fire under climate change will be greatly improved by addressing knowledge gaps on how overlapping disturbances and climate change-induced shifts in fire regime affect post-fire resprouting, recruitment, growth rates, and species-level adaptation capacity. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.},
}

@article {pmid34451785,
year = {2021},
author = {Permann, C and Herburger, K and Felhofer, M and Gierlinger, N and Lewis, LA and Holzinger, A},
title = {Induction of Conjugation and Zygospore Cell Wall Characteristics in the Alpine Spirogyra mirabilis (Zygnematophyceae, Charophyta): Advantage under Climate Change Scenarios?.},
journal = {Plants (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {10},
number = {8},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/plants10081740},
pmid = {34451785},
issn = {2223-7747},
support = {P34181-B//Austrian Science Fund/ ; 00023089//Villum Fonden/ ; Y-728-B16//Austrian Science Fund/ ; },
abstract = {Extreme environments, such as alpine habitats at high elevation, are increasingly exposed to man-made climate change. Zygnematophyceae thriving in these regions possess a special means of sexual reproduction, termed conjugation, leading to the formation of resistant zygospores. A field sample of Spirogyra with numerous conjugating stages was isolated and characterized by molecular phylogeny. We successfully induced sexual reproduction under laboratory conditions by a transfer to artificial pond water and increasing the light intensity to 184 µmol photons m-2 s-1. This, however was only possible in early spring, suggesting that the isolated cultures had an internal rhythm. The reproductive morphology was characterized by light- and transmission electron microscopy, and the latter allowed the detection of distinctly oriented microfibrils in the exo- and endospore, and an electron-dense mesospore. Glycan microarray profiling showed that Spirogyra cell walls are rich in major pectic and hemicellulosic polysaccharides, and immuno-fluorescence allowed the detection of arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) and xyloglucan in the zygospore cell walls. Confocal RAMAN spectroscopy detected complex aromatic compounds, similar in their spectral signature to that of Lycopodium spores. These data support the idea that sexual reproduction in Zygnematophyceae, the sister lineage to land plants, might have played an important role in the process of terrestrialization.},
}

@article {pmid34451669,
year = {2021},
author = {Khalis, H and Sadiki, A and Jawhari, F and Mesrar, H and Azab, E and Gobouri, AA and Adnan, M and Bourhia, M},
title = {Effects of Climate Change on Vegetation Cover in the Oued Lahdar Watershed. Northeastern Morocco.},
journal = {Plants (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {10},
number = {8},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/plants10081624},
pmid = {34451669},
issn = {2223-7747},
abstract = {Episodes of drought that Morocco experienced in the years 1984-1986, 1993-1995, and 1997-2000 had repercussions that were felt many years later and continue to pose serious problems for environmentalists, as some of the affected lands have become practically deserted. These problems acted on the socio-economic conditions and created severe constraints for the development of the country. This work was conducted to study and identify changes that occurred in vegetation cover in the Oued Lahdar watershed (Rif, Morocco) between 1984 and 2017 using Land Surface Temperature (LST), Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Landsat TM 5, and Landsat OLI 8. The LST had significantly increased overall from 1984 to 2017, where it moved from a mean value of 29.4 °C in 1984 to 40.4 °C in 2007 and then reduced slightly to 37.9 °C in 2017. The vegetation cover index for the study area indicates that in 1984, fully vegetated areas represented 94.3% before deteriorating to 35.4% in 2007 and recovering in 2017 to 54.3%. While bare soil, which previously constituted 5.7%, reached a very high value of 64.6% in 2007 and then decreased to 47.7%. This study contributes towards society as it provides interesting data about the consequences of climate change in the area studied as well as potential protective strategies to protect vegetation cover.},
}

@article {pmid34451649,
year = {2021},
author = {Hong, SH and Lee, YH and Lee, G and Lee, DH and Adhikari, P},
title = {Predicting Impacts of Climate Change on Northward Range Expansion of Invasive Weeds in South Korea.},
journal = {Plants (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {10},
number = {8},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/plants10081604},
pmid = {34451649},
issn = {2223-7747},
support = {2018002270002//Ministry of Environment, Republic of Korea/ ; },
abstract = {Predicting the distribution of invasive weeds under climate change is important for the early identification of areas that are susceptible to invasion and for the adoption of the best preventive measures. Here, we predicted the habitat suitability of 16 invasive weeds in response to climate change and land cover changes in South Korea using a maximum entropy modeling approach. Based on the predictions of the model, climate change is likely to increase habitat suitability. Currently, the area of moderately suitable and highly suitable habitats is estimated to be 8877.46 km2, and 990.29 km2, respectively, and these areas are expected to increase up to 496.52% by 2050 and 1439.65% by 2070 under the representative concentration pathways 4.5 scenario across the country. Although habitat suitability was estimated to be highest in the southern regions (<36° latitude), the central and northern regions are also predicted to have substantial increases in suitable habitat areas. Our study revealed that climate change would exacerbate the threat of northward weed invasions by shifting the climatic barriers of invasive weeds from the southern region. Thus, it is essential to initiate control and management strategies in the southern region to prevent further invasions into new areas.},
}

@article {pmid34446799,
year = {2021},
author = {Hlásny, T and Mokroš, M and Dobor, L and Merganičová, K and Lukac, M},
title = {Fine-scale variation in projected climate change presents opportunities for biodiversity conservation in Europe.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {11},
number = {1},
pages = {17242},
pmid = {34446799},
issn = {2045-2322},
support = {CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_019/0000803581//Ministerstvo Školství, Mládeže a Tělovýchovy/ ; },
abstract = {Climate change is a major threat to global biodiversity, although projected changes show remarkable geographical and temporal variability. Understanding this variability allows for the identification of regions where the present-day conservation objectives may be at risk or where opportunities for biodiversity conservation emerge. We use a multi-model ensemble of regional climate models to identify areas with significantly high and low climate stability persistent throughout the twenty-first century in Europe. We then confront our predictions with the land coverage of three prominent biodiversity conservation initiatives at two scales. The continental-scale assessment shows that areas with the least stable future climate in Europe are likely to occur at low and high latitudes, with the Iberian Peninsula and the Boreal zones identified as prominent areas of low climatic stability. A follow-up regional scale investigation shows that robust climatic refugia exist even within the highly exposed southern and northern macro-regions. About 23-31% of assessed biodiversity conservation sites in Europe coincide with areas of high future climate stability, we contend that these sites should be prioritised in the formulation of future conservation priorities as the stability of future climate is one of the key factors determining their conservation prospects. Although such focus on climate refugia cannot halt the ongoing biodiversity loss, along with measures such as resilience-based stewardship, it may improve the effectiveness of biodiversity conservation under climate change.},
}