@article {pmid35597210, year = {2022}, author = {Ehsan, S and Begum, RA and Abdul Maulud, KN and Yaseen, ZM}, title = {Households' perceptions and socio-economic determinants of climate change awareness: Evidence from Selangor Coast Malaysia.}, journal = {Journal of environmental management}, volume = {316}, number = {}, pages = {115261}, doi = {10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115261}, pmid = {35597210}, issn = {1095-8630}, abstract = {Households living in the close vicinity of shoreline are constantly threatened by various climate change impacts. Community awareness towards climate change is a subject of considerable study as adequate knowledge is a preliminary step for adaptation decision making. An important question is how coastal communities perceive climatic variation, sea level rise and coastal hazard impacts and the socio-economic factors that affect their level of awareness. Thus, this research measures the level of awareness and the factors influencing it based on a household survey (n = 1016) that was conducted 10 critically eroded coastal areas in Selangor. Descriptive statistical analysis reveals that more than half of the households have high level of awareness about climatic variation and sea level, however, there is moderate awareness about the coastal hazard impacts such as human causalities and disease transmission. Even though households are more aware of direct coastal hazard impact such as damages to properties and disruption of daily activities. An independent sample T test indicates that respondents who are male, at working age, educated, involve in natural resource dependent occupations, and had prior exposure to extreme coastal hazards have higher levels of awareness. Research indicated about 55% of all sampled households reflected awareness of climate change, 60% households were aware of sea level rise and 47% households were aware of coastal hazard impact. This study recommends that households in Selangor coast need capacity building and climate change awareness initiatives which would assist household to build adaptive capacity, increase resilience and reduce vulnerability to climate change.}, }
@article {pmid35595816, year = {2022}, author = {Graham, LA and Gauthier, SY and Davies, PL}, title = {Origin of an antifreeze protein gene in response to Cenozoic climate change.}, journal = {Scientific reports}, volume = {12}, number = {1}, pages = {8536}, pmid = {35595816}, issn = {2045-2322}, support = {FRN 148422//Canadian Institutes of Health Research Foundation award/ ; }, abstract = {Antifreeze proteins (AFPs) inhibit ice growth within fish and protect them from freezing in icy seawater. Alanine-rich, alpha-helical AFPs (type I) have independently (convergently) evolved in four branches of fishes, one of which is a subsection of the righteye flounders. The origin of this gene family has been elucidated by sequencing two loci from a starry flounder, Platichthys stellatus, collected off Vancouver Island, British Columbia. The first locus had two alleles that demonstrated the plasticity of the AFP gene family, one encoding 33 AFPs and the other allele only four. In the closely related Pacific halibut, this locus encodes multiple Gig2 (antiviral) proteins, but in the starry flounder, the Gig2 genes were found at a second locus due to a lineage-specific duplication event. An ancestral Gig2 gave rise to a 3-kDa "skin" AFP isoform, encoding three Ala-rich 11-a.a. repeats, that is expressed in skin and other peripheral tissues. Subsequent gene duplications, followed by internal duplications of the 11 a.a. repeat and the gain of a signal sequence, gave rise to circulating AFP isoforms. One of these, the "hyperactive" 32-kDa Maxi likely underwent a contraction to a shorter 3.3-kDa "liver" isoform. Present day starry flounders found in Pacific Rim coastal waters from California to Alaska show a positive correlation between latitude and AFP gene dosage, with the shorter allele being more prevalent at lower latitudes. This study conclusively demonstrates that the flounder AFP arose from the Gig2 gene, so it is evolutionarily unrelated to the three other classes of type I AFPs from non-flounders. Additionally, this gene arose and underwent amplification coincident with the onset of ocean cooling during the Cenozoic ice ages.}, }
@article {pmid35595793, year = {2022}, author = {Ge, Q and Hao, M and Ding, F and Jiang, D and Scheffran, J and Helman, D and Ide, T}, title = {Modelling armed conflict risk under climate change with machine learning and time-series data.}, journal = {Nature communications}, volume = {13}, number = {1}, pages = {2839}, pmid = {35595793}, issn = {2041-1723}, support = {42001238//National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China)/ ; }, abstract = {Understanding the risk of armed conflict is essential for promoting peace. Although the relationship between climate variability and armed conflict has been studied by the research community for decades with quantitative and qualitative methods at different spatial and temporal scales, causal linkages at a global scale remain poorly understood. Here we adopt a quantitative modelling framework based on machine learning to infer potential causal linkages from high-frequency time-series data and simulate the risk of armed conflict worldwide from 2000-2015. Our results reveal that the risk of armed conflict is primarily influenced by stable background contexts with complex patterns, followed by climate deviations related covariates. The inferred patterns show that positive temperature deviations or precipitation extremes are associated with increased risk of armed conflict worldwide. Our findings indicate that a better understanding of climate-conflict linkages at the global scale enhances the spatiotemporal modelling capacity for the risk of armed conflict.}, }
@article {pmid35594894, year = {2022}, author = {Greenfield, MH}, title = {An urgent need to reassess climate change and child labour in agriculture.}, journal = {The Lancet. Planetary health}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/S2542-5196(22)00118-8}, pmid = {35594894}, issn = {2542-5196}, }
@article {pmid35594277, year = {2022}, author = {Spanjer, AR and Gendaszek, AS and Wulfkuhle, EJ and Black, RW and Jaeger, KL}, title = {Assessing climate change impacts on Pacific salmon and trout using bioenergetics and spatiotemporal explicit river temperature predictions under varying riparian conditions.}, journal = {PloS one}, volume = {17}, number = {5}, pages = {e0266871}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0266871}, pmid = {35594277}, issn = {1932-6203}, abstract = {Pacific salmon and trout populations are affected by timber harvest, the removal and alteration of riparian vegetation, and the resulting physical changes to water quality, temperature, and associated delivery of high-quality terrestrial prey. Juvenile salmon and trout growth, a key predictor of survival, is poorly understood in the context of current and future (climate-change mediated) conditions, with resource managers needing information on how land use will impact future river conditions for these commercially and culturally important species. We used the Heat Source water temperature modeling framework to develop a spatiotemporal model to assess how riparian canopy and vegetation preservation and addition could influence river temperatures under future climate predictions in a coastal river fed by a moraine-dammed lake: the Quinault River in Washington State. The model predicted higher water temperatures under future carbon emission projections, representative concentration pathway (RCP) 4.5 and 8.5, with varying magnitude based on different riparian vegetation scenarios. We used the daily average temperature output from these scenarios to predict potential juvenile fish growth using the Wisconsin bioenergetics model. A combination of riparian vegetation removal and continued high carbon emissions resulted in a predicted seven-day average daily maximum temperature (7DADM) increase of 1.7°C in the lower river by 2080; increases in riparian shading mitigate this 7DADM increase to only 0.9°C. Under the current thermal regime, bioenergetics modeling predicts juvenile fish lose weight in the lower river; this loss of potential growth worsens by an average of 20-83% in the lower river by 2080, increasing with the loss of riparian shading. This study assess the impact of riparian vegetation management on future thermal habitat for Pacific salmon and trout under warming climates and provide a useful spatially explicit modeling framework that managers can use to make decisions regarding riparian vegetation management and its mechanistic impact to water temperature and rearing juvenile fish.}, }
@article {pmid35593317, year = {2022}, author = {Devlin, M}, title = {Coral Reefs: The good and not so good news with future bright and dark spots for coral reefs through climate change.}, journal = {Global change biology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1111/gcb.16271}, pmid = {35593317}, issn = {1365-2486}, }
@article {pmid35592924, year = {2022}, author = {Cáceres, C and Leiva-Bianchi, M and Ormazábal, Y and Mena, C and Cantillana, JC}, title = {Post-traumatic stress in people from the interior drylands of the Maule region, Chile in the context of climate change.}, journal = {Geospatial health}, volume = {17}, number = {1}, pages = {}, doi = {10.4081/gh.2022.1045}, pmid = {35592924}, issn = {1970-7096}, abstract = {Progressive changes in local environmental scenarios, accelerated by global climate change, can negatively affect the mental health of people who inhabit these areas. The magnitude of these effects may vary depending on the socioeconomic conditions of people and the characteristics of the environment, so certain territories can be more vulnerable than others. In this context, the present study aimed to geographically analyse the levels of psychosocial impact and the types of disruptive responses related to the new territorial scenarios caused by climate change in the coastal drylands of the Maule region, Chile. For this purpose, 223 people from two communes (Curepto and Pencahue) were psychosocially evaluated for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) together with a survey of the prevailing sociodemographic and socioeconomic conditions in relation to the environmental variables of the territory. All information was georeferenced, stored within an ArcGIS Desktop geographic information system (GIS) and then investigated by application of contingency tables, ANOVA and local clustering analysis using SSP statistical software. The results indicated a high level of PTSD in the population, with significant differences related to age and education as well as employment conditions and income. The spatial results showed high PTSD values in the communal capital of Curepto in the central agricultural valley near the estuary of the local river, while the existence of coldspots was observed in the central valley of the Pencahue commune. It was concluded that proximity to population centres and surface water sources played the greatest role for the development of PTSD.}, }
@article {pmid35591511, year = {2022}, author = {Khan, K and Ishfaq, M and Amin, MN and Shahzada, K and Wahab, N and Faraz, MI}, title = {Evaluation of Mechanical and Microstructural Properties and Global Warming Potential of Green Concrete with Wheat Straw Ash and Silica Fume.}, journal = {Materials (Basel, Switzerland)}, volume = {15}, number = {9}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3390/ma15093177}, pmid = {35591511}, issn = {1996-1944}, support = {Deanship of Scientific Research, Vice Presidency for Graduate Studies and Scientific Research//King Faisal University/ ; }, abstract = {Cement and concrete are among the major contributors to CO2 emissions in modern society. Researchers have been investigating the possibility of replacing cement with industrial waste in concrete production to reduce its environmental impact. Therefore, the focus of this paper is on the effective use of wheat straw ash (WSA) together with silica fume (SF) as a cement substitute to produce high-performance and sustainable concrete. Different binary and ternary mixes containing WSA and SF were investigated for their mechanical and microstructural properties and global warming potential (GWP). The current results indicated that the binary and ternary mixes containing, respectively, 20% WSA (WSA20) and 33% WSA together with 7% SF (WSA33SF7) exhibited higher strengths than that of control mix and other binary and ternary mixes. The comparative lower apparent porosity and water absorption values of WSA20 and WSA33SF7 among all mixes also validated the findings of their higher strength results. Moreover, SEM-EDS and FTIR analyses has revealed the presence of dense and compact microstructure, which are mostly caused by formation of high-density calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) and calcium hydroxide (C-H) phases in both blends. FTIR and TGA analyses also revealed a reduction in the portlandite phase in these mixes, causing densification of microstructures and pores. Additionally, N2 adsorption isotherm analysis demonstrates that the pore structure of these mixes has been densified as evidenced by a reduction in intruded volume and a rise in BET surface area. Furthermore, both mixes had lower CO2-eq intensity per MPa as compared to control, which indicates their significant impact on producing green concretes through their reduced GWPs. Thus, this research shows that WSA alone or its blend with SF can be considered as a source of revenue for the concrete industry for developing high-performance and sustainable concretes.}, }
@article {pmid35590158, year = {2021}, author = {Bernstein, AS}, title = {The medical response to climate change.}, journal = {Med (New York, N.Y.)}, volume = {2}, number = {4}, pages = {361-365}, doi = {10.1016/j.medj.2021.03.012}, pmid = {35590158}, issn = {2666-6340}, abstract = {The growing mass of colorless and odorless greenhouse gases high in earth's atmosphere may be about as far away from a hospital bedside or clinic exam room as any concern imaginable. Despite this, the challenges of climate change have progressively moved nearer to the work of all those in health care. From sinister storms, fires, and heat waves that imperil our patients, facilities, and supplies to the outsized contribution of medical care to air pollution, the motivations and needs for a medical response to climate change are many and clear.}, }
@article {pmid35588839, year = {2022}, author = {Zhuang, X and Hao, Z and Singh, VP and Zhang, Y and Feng, S and Xu, Y and Hao, F}, title = {Drought propagation under global warming: Characteristics, approaches, processes, and controlling factors.}, journal = {The Science of the total environment}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {156021}, doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156021}, pmid = {35588839}, issn = {1879-1026}, abstract = {Drought is a costly natural hazard with far-reaching impacts on agriculture, ecosystem, water supply, and socio-economy. While propagating through the water cycle, drought evolves into different types and affects the natural system and human society. Despite much progress made in recent decades, a synthesis of the characteristics, approaches, processes, and controlling factors of drought propagation is still lacking. We bridge this gap by reviewing the recent progress of drought propagation and discussing challenges and future directions. We first introduce drought propagation characteristics (e.g., response time scale, lag time), followed by different approaches, including statistical analysis and hydrological modeling. The recent progress in the propagation from meteorological drought to different types of drought (agricultural drought, hydrological drought, and ecological drought) is then synthesized, including the basic process, commonly used indicators, data sources, and main findings of drought propagation characteristics. Different controlling factors of drought propagations, including climatic (e.g., aridity, seasonality, and anomalies of meteorological variables), catchment properties (e.g., slope, elevation, land cover, aquifer, baseflow), and human activities (e.g., reservoir operation and water diversion, irrigation, and groundwater abstraction), are then summarized. Challenges in drought propagation include the discrepancy in drought indicators (and approaches) and difficulty in characterizing the full propagation process and isolating influencing factors. Future analysis of drought propagation should shift from single indicators to multiple indicators, from individual drivers to combined drivers, from uni-direction analysis to feedbacks, from hazards to impacts, and from stationary to nonstationary assumption. This review is expected to be useful for drought prediction and management across different regions under global warming.}, }
@article {pmid35587891, year = {2022}, author = {Bingley, WJ and Tran, A and Boyd, CP and Gibson, K and Kalokerinos, EK and Koval, P and Kashima, Y and McDonald, D and Greenaway, KH}, title = {A multiple needs framework for climate change anxiety interventions.}, journal = {The American psychologist}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1037/amp0001012}, pmid = {35587891}, issn = {1935-990X}, support = {//University of Melbourne; Melbourne Sustainable Society Institute/ ; }, abstract = {Climate change anxiety is a growing problem for individual well-being the world over. However, psychological interventions to address climate change anxiety may have unintended effects on outcomes other than individual well-being, such as group cohesion and pro-environmental behavior. In order to address these complexities, we outline a multiple needs framework of climate change anxiety interventions, which can be used to analyze interventions in terms of their effects on individual, social, and environmental outcomes. We use this framework to contextualize a systematic review of the literature detailing the effects of climate change anxiety interventions. This analysis identifies interventions centered around problem-focused action, emotion management, and enhancing social connections as those which have beneficial effects on the widest range of outcomes. It also identifies interventions that may have detrimental effects on one or more outcomes. We identify gaps where more research is required, including research that assesses the effects of climate change anxiety interventions on individual, social, and environmental outcomes in concert. An interactive website summarizes these insights and presents the results of the systematic review in a way that is, accessible to a range of stakeholders. The multiple needs framework provides a way to conceptualize the effectiveness of climate change anxiety interventions beyond their impact on individual well-being, contributing to a more holistic understanding of the effects of this global phenomenon. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).}, }
@article {pmid35586255, year = {2022}, author = {Rehák, I and Fischer, D and Kratochvíl, L and Rovatsos, M}, title = {Origin and haplotype diversity of the northernmost population of Podarcistauricus (Squamata, Lacertidae): Do lizards respond to climate change and go north?.}, journal = {Biodiversity data journal}, volume = {10}, number = {}, pages = {e82156}, doi = {10.3897/BDJ.10.e82156}, pmid = {35586255}, issn = {1314-2828}, abstract = {The northernmost population of the Balkan wall lizards, Podarcistauricus (Pallas, 1814) was recently discovered in the Czech Republic. We studied genetic variability in a mitochondrial marker cytochrome b to shed light on the origin of this remote population. We detected three unique haplotypes, close to those occurring in the populations of Podarcistauricus from central/north Balkans and Hungary. Our data exclude the hypothesis of a single founder (a randomly or intentionally introduced pregnant female or her progeny) of the Czech population and indicate a native, autochthonous origin of the population or recent introduction/range expansion.}, }
@article {pmid35585461, year = {2022}, author = {Pickson, RB and Gui, P and Chen, A and Boateng, E}, title = {Empirical analysis of rice and maize production under climate change in China.}, journal = {Environmental science and pollution research international}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, pmid = {35585461}, issn = {1614-7499}, abstract = {The past few decades of extreme drought and flooding caused by changing climate conditions have significantly affected agricultural production globally. This study focuses on two vital crops in China-maize and rice-and provides a comprehensive analysis of how these crops are affected by climate change-induced factors over the periods 1978Q1-2015Q4. Four key findings were obtained. First, using a nonparametric approach to estimate actual and observed trends of climatic variables, the results show a significant positive trend in average temperature from February to October. On the other hand, seasonal temperature increases during spring, summer, and autumn. Second, the results show no significant change in the monthly, seasonal, and annual rainfall patterns when examined over the study period. Third, using an autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model, we find that while temperature and rainfall do not significantly support rice production in the long and short run, they play a substantial role in maize production in China. Finally, we find no significant difference in the results for rice when the quantile regression (QR) technique that controls for distributional asymmetry effects is employed. However, the impact of temperature on maize decreases at higher quantiles. Given the outcomes of our study, we argue that an advanced irrigation system is crucial and must be encouraged to minimize the effects of climate change on crop production.}, }
@article {pmid35585385, year = {2022}, author = {Semenza, JC and Rocklöv, J and Ebi, KL}, title = {Climate Change and Cascading Risks from Infectious Disease.}, journal = {Infectious diseases and therapy}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, pmid = {35585385}, issn = {2193-8229}, abstract = {Climate change is adversely affecting the burden of infectious disease throughout the world, which is a health security threat. Climate-sensitive infectious disease includes vector-borne diseases such as malaria, whose transmission potential is expected to increase because of enhanced climatic suitability for the mosquito vector in Asia, sub-Saharan Africa, and South America. Climatic suitability for the mosquitoes that can carry dengue, Zika, and chikungunya is also likely to increase, facilitating further increases in the geographic range and longer transmission seasons, and raising concern for expansion of these diseases into temperate zones, particularly under higher greenhouse gas emission scenarios. Early spring temperatures in 2018 seem to have contributed to the early onset and extensive West Nile virus outbreak in Europe, a pathogen expected to expand further beyond its current distribution, due to a warming climate. As for tick-borne diseases, climate change is projected to continue to contribute to the spread of Lyme disease and tick-borne encephalitis, particularly in North America and Europe. Schistosomiasis is a water-borne disease and public health concern in Africa, Latin America, the Middle East, and Southeast Asia; climate change is anticipated to change its distribution, with both expansions and contractions expected. Other water-borne diseases that cause diarrheal diseases have declined significantly over the last decades owing to socioeconomic development and public health measures but changes in climate can reverse some of these positive developments. Weather and climate events, population movement, land use changes, urbanization, global trade, and other drivers can catalyze a succession of secondary events that can lead to a range of health impacts, including infectious disease outbreaks. These cascading risk pathways of causally connected events can result in large-scale outbreaks and affect society at large. We review climatic and other cascading drivers of infectious disease with projections under different climate change scenarios. Supplementary file1 (MP4 328467 KB).}, }
@article {pmid35585266, year = {2022}, author = {Nogrady, B}, title = {Trees are dying much faster in northern Australia - climate change is probably to blame.}, journal = {Nature}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, pmid = {35585266}, issn = {1476-4687}, }
@article {pmid35584756, year = {2022}, author = {Mao, F and Du, H and Zhou, G and Zheng, J and Li, X and Xu, Y and Huang, Z and Yin, S}, title = {Simulated net ecosystem productivity of subtropical forests and its response to climate change in Zhejiang Province, China.}, journal = {The Science of the total environment}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {155993}, doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155993}, pmid = {35584756}, issn = {1879-1026}, abstract = {Net ecosystem productivity (NEP) is an important index that indicates the carbon sequestration capacity of forest ecosystems. However, the effect of climate change on the spatiotemporal variability in NEP is still unclear. Using the Integrated Terrestrial Ecosystem Carbon-budget (InTEC) model, this study takes the typical subtropical forests in the Zhejiang Province, China as an example, simulated the spatiotemporal patterns of forest NEP from 1979 to 2079 based on historically observed climate data (1979-2015) and data from three representative concentration pathway (RCP) scenarios (RCP2.6, RCP4.5, and RCP8.5) provided by the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 5 (CMIP5). We analyzed the responses of NEP at different forest age classes to the variation in meteorological factors. The NEP of Zhejiang's forests decreased from 1979 to 1985 and then increased from 1985 to 2015, with an annual increase rate of 9.66 g C·m-2·yr-1 and a cumulative NEP of 364.99 Tg·C. Forest NEP decreased from 2016 to 2079; however, the cumulative NEP continued to increase. The simulated cumulative NEP under the RCP2.6, RCP4.5, and RCP8.5 scenarios was 750 Tg·C, 866 Tg·C, and 958 Tg·C, respectively, at the end of 2079. Partial correlation analysis between forest NEP at different age stages and meteorological factors showed that temperature is the key climatic factor that affects the carbon sequestration capacity of juvenile forests (1979-1999), while precipitation is the key climatic factor that affects middle-aged forests (2000-2015) and mature forests (2016-2079). Adopting appropriate management strategies for forests, such as selective cutting of different ages, is critical for the subtropical forests to adapt to climate change and maintain their high carbon sink capacity.}, }
@article {pmid35584021, year = {2022}, author = {Aylward, B and Cunsolo, A and Vriezen, R and Harper, SL}, title = {Climate change is impacting mental health in North America: A systematic scoping review of the hazards, exposures, vulnerabilities, risks and responses.}, journal = {International review of psychiatry (Abingdon, England)}, volume = {34}, number = {1}, pages = {34-50}, doi = {10.1080/09540261.2022.2029368}, pmid = {35584021}, issn = {1369-1627}, abstract = {As climate change progresses, it is crucial that researchers and policymakers understand the ways in which climate-mental health risks arise through interactions between climate hazards, human exposure and social vulnerabilities across time and location. This scoping review systematically examined the nature, range and extent of published research in North America that investigates climate-mental health interactions. Five electronic databases were searched and two independent reviewers applied pre-determined criteria to assess the eligibility of articles identified in the search. Eighty-nine articles were determined to be relevant and underwent data extraction and analysis. The published literature reported on numerous exposure pathways through which acute and chronic climate hazards interacted with social vulnerabilities to increase mental health risks, including wellbeing, trauma, anxiety, depression, suicide and substance use. This review also highlights important gaps within the North American climate-mental health evidence base, including minimal research conducted in Mexico, as well as a lack of studies investigating climate-mental health adaptation strategies and projected future mental health risks. Further research should support effective preparation for and adaptation to the current and future mental health impacts of climate change. Such strategies could reduce health risks and the long-term mental health impacts that individuals and communities experience in a changing climate.}, }
@article {pmid35582318, year = {2022}, author = {Belova, A and Gould, CA and Munson, K and Howell, M and Trevisan, C and Obradovich, N and Martinich, J}, title = {Projecting the Suicide Burden of Climate Change in the United States.}, journal = {GeoHealth}, volume = {6}, number = {5}, pages = {e2021GH000580}, doi = {10.1029/2021GH000580}, pmid = {35582318}, issn = {2471-1403}, abstract = {We quantify and monetize changes in suicide incidence across the conterminous United States (U.S.) in response to increasing levels of warming. We develop an integrated health impact assessment model using binned and linear specifications of temperature-suicide relationship estimates from Mullins and White (2019), in combination with monthly age- and sex-specific baseline suicide incidence rates, projections of six climate models, and population projections at the conterminous U.S. county scale. We evaluate the difference in the annual number of suicides in the U.S. corresponding to 1-6°C of warming compared to 1986-2005 average temperatures (mean U.S. temperatures) and compute 2015 population attributable fractions (PAFs). We use the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Value of a Statistical Life to estimate the economic value of avoiding these mortality impacts. Assuming the 2015 population size, warming of 1-6°C could result in an annual increase of 283-1,660 additional suicide cases, corresponding to a PAF of 0.7%-4.1%. The annual economic value of avoiding these impacts is $2 billion-$3 billion (2015 U.S. dollars, 3% discount rate, and 2015 income level). Estimates based on linear temperature-suicide relationship specifications are 7% larger than those based on binned temperature specifications. Accounting for displacement decreases estimates by 17%, while accounting for precipitation decreases estimates by 7%. Population growth between 2015 and the future warming degree arrival year increases estimates by 15%-38%. Further research is needed to quantify and monetize other climate-related mental health outcomes (e.g., anxiety and depression) and to characterize these risks in socially vulnerable populations.}, }
@article {pmid35581288, year = {2022}, author = {Klápště, J and Telfer, EJ and Dungey, HS and Graham, NJ}, title = {Chasing genetic correlation breakers to stimulate population resilience to climate change.}, journal = {Scientific reports}, volume = {12}, number = {1}, pages = {8238}, pmid = {35581288}, issn = {2045-2322}, support = {RPBC1301//Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment/ ; }, abstract = {Global climate change introduces new combinations of environmental conditions, which is expected to increase stress on plants. This could affect many traits in multiple ways that are as yet unknown but will likely require the modification of existing genetic relationships among functional traits potentially involved in local adaptation. Theoretical evolutionary studies have determined that it is an advantage to have an excess of recombination events under heterogeneous environmental conditions. Our study, conducted on a population of radiata pine (Pinus radiata D. Don), was able to identify individuals that show high genetic recombination at genomic regions, which potentially include pleiotropic or collocating QTLs responsible for the studied traits, reaching a prediction accuracy of 0.80 in random cross-validation and 0.72 when whole family was removed from the training population and predicted. To identify these highly recombined individuals, a training population was constructed from correlation breakers, created through tandem selection of parents in the previous generation and their consequent mating. Although the correlation breakers showed lower observed heterogeneity possibly due to direct selection in both studied traits, the genomic regions with statistically significant differences in the linkage disequilibrium pattern showed higher level of heretozygosity, which has the effect of decomposing unfavourable genetic correlation. We propose undertaking selection of correlation breakers under current environmental conditions and using genomic predictions to increase the frequency of these 'recombined' individuals in future plantations, ensuring the resilience of planted forests to changing climates. The increased frequency of such individuals will decrease the strength of the population-level genetic correlations among traits, increasing the opportunity for new trait combinations to be developed in the future.}, }
@article {pmid35581261, year = {2022}, author = {Hoylman, ZH and Bocinsky, RK and Jencso, KG}, title = {Drought assessment has been outpaced by climate change: empirical arguments for a paradigm shift.}, journal = {Nature communications}, volume = {13}, number = {1}, pages = {2715}, pmid = {35581261}, issn = {2041-1723}, support = {SUBAWD000858//United States Department of Commerce | National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)/ ; }, abstract = {Despite the acceleration of climate change, erroneous assumptions of climate stationarity are still inculcated in the management of water resources in the United States (US). The US system for drought detection, which triggers billions of dollars in emergency resources, adheres to this assumption with preference towards 60-year (or longer) record lengths for drought characterization. Using observed data from 1,934 Global Historical Climate Network (GHCN) sites across the US, we show that conclusions based on long climate records can substantially bias assessment of drought severity. Bias emerges by assuming that conditions from the early and mid 20th century are as likely to occur in today's climate. Numerical simulations reveal that drought assessment error is relatively low with limited climatology lengths (~30 year) and that error increases with longer record lengths where climate is changing rapidly. We assert that non-stationarity in climate must be accounted for in contemporary assessments to more accurately portray present drought risk.}, }
@article {pmid35577983, year = {2022}, author = {Aguirre-Gutiérrez, J and Berenguer, E and Oliveras Menor, I and Bauman, D and Corral-Rivas, JJ and Nava-Miranda, MG and Both, S and Ndong, JE and Ondo, FE and Bengone, NN and Mihinhou, V and Dalling, JW and Heineman, K and Figueiredo, A and González-M, R and Norden, N and Hurtado-M, AB and González, D and Salgado-Negret, B and Reis, SM and Moraes de Seixas, MM and Farfan-Rios, W and Shenkin, A and Riutta, T and Girardin, CAJ and Moore, S and Abernethy, K and Asner, GP and Bentley, LP and Burslem, DFRP and Cernusak, LA and Enquist, BJ and Ewers, RM and Ferreira, J and Jeffery, KJ and Joly, CA and Marimon-Junior, BH and Martin, RE and Morandi, PS and Phillips, OL and Bennett, AC and Lewis, SL and Quesada, CA and Marimon, BS and Kissling, WD and Silman, M and Teh, YA and White, LJT and Salinas, N and Coomes, DA and Barlow, J and Adu-Bredu, S and Malhi, Y}, title = {Functional susceptibility of tropical forests to climate change.}, journal = {Nature ecology & evolution}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, pmid = {35577983}, issn = {2397-334X}, support = {Advanced Grant GEM-TRAIT: 321131//EC | EC Seventh Framework Programm | FP7 Ideas: European Research Council (FP7-IDEAS-ERC - Specific Programme: "Ideas" Implementing the Seventh Framework Programme of the European Community for Research, Technological Development and Demonstration Activities (2007 to 2013))/ ; NE/T011084/1//RCUK | Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)/ ; NE/S011811/1//RCUK | Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)/ ; NE/D014174/1//RCUK | Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)/ ; NE/J022616/1//RCUK | Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)/ ; NE/K016385/1//RCUK | Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)/ ; NE/K016369/1//RCUK | Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)/ ; }, abstract = {Tropical forests are some of the most biodiverse ecosystems in the world, yet their functioning is threatened by anthropogenic disturbances and climate change. Global actions to conserve tropical forests could be enhanced by having local knowledge on the forests' functional diversity and functional redundancy as proxies for their capacity to respond to global environmental change. Here we create estimates of plant functional diversity and redundancy across the tropics by combining a dataset of 16 morphological, chemical and photosynthetic plant traits sampled from 2,461 individual trees from 74 sites distributed across four continents together with local climate data for the past half century. Our findings suggest a strong link between climate and functional diversity and redundancy with the three trait groups responding similarly across the tropics and climate gradient. We show that drier tropical forests are overall less functionally diverse than wetter forests and that functional redundancy declines with increasing soil water and vapour pressure deficits. Areas with high functional diversity and high functional redundancy tend to better maintain ecosystem functioning, such as aboveground biomass, after extreme weather events. Our predictions suggest that the lower functional diversity and lower functional redundancy of drier tropical forests, in comparison with wetter forests, may leave them more at risk of shifting towards alternative states in face of further declines in water availability across tropical regions.}, }
@article {pmid35577086, year = {2022}, author = {Eingrüber, N and Korres, W}, title = {Climate change simulation and trend analysis of extreme precipitation and floods in the mesoscale Rur catchment in western Germany until 2099 using Statistical Downscaling Model (SDSM) and the Soil & Water Assessment Tool (SWAT model).}, journal = {The Science of the total environment}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {155775}, doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155775}, pmid = {35577086}, issn = {1879-1026}, abstract = {Due to climate change and global warming, speed and intensity of the hydrological cycle will accelerate. In order to carry out regional risk assessment, integrated water resources management and flood protection, far reaching predictions and future scenarios of climate change effects on extreme precipitation and flooding are of particular relevance. In this study, trends in frequencies of extreme precipitation and floods until 2099 are analysed for the German Rur catchment, which is half located in highlands and half in lowlands and therefore has a high topographical and climatological contrast. To predict future trends, coupled modeling is performed based on NCEP reanalysis data and a General Circulation Model (GCM). Assuming HadCM3 future emission scenarios A2a and B2a, an empirical Statistical Downscaling Model (SDSM) is developed and daily precipitation amounts are projected until 2099 by a stochastic weather generator. The generated precipitation data are used as an input for the ecohydrological Soil & Water Assessment Tool (SWAT model) to simulate daily water discharge until 2099. Statistical trend analyses are implemented based on three annual extreme precipitation indices (EPIs) and the magnitudes of ten flood return periods derived with GEV and Gumbel extreme value distributions for 109 30-year moving periods using regression analyses and Mann-Kendall tendency tests to check for significant trends in the frequencies until 2099. As a result, it could be demonstrated for all EPIs that the frequency of extreme precipitation in the upper Rur catchment will significantly increase by +33% to +51% until 2099 compared to the base period 1961-1990, whereas mostly non-significant negative trends of extreme precipitation can be projected in the lowlands. For runoff, it was found that the magnitudes of the ten flood return periods will significantly increase by +31% for B2a to +36% for A2a until 2099 compared to the base period.}, }
@article {pmid35574993, year = {2022}, author = {Roggatz, CC and Saha, M and Blanchard, S and Schirrmacher, P and Fink, P and Verheggen, F and Hardege, JD}, title = {Becoming nose-blind-Climate change impacts on chemical communication.}, journal = {Global change biology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1111/gcb.16209}, pmid = {35574993}, issn = {1365-2486}, support = {FI 1548/9-1//Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft/ ; T.0202.16//Fonds De La Recherche Scientifique - FNRS/ ; 725955//H2020 European Research Council/ ; 1661 SZN19//H2020 European Research Council/ ; 38752/G6//H2020 European Research Council/ ; NE/T001577/1//Natural Environment Research Council/ ; //Plymouth Marine Laboratory/ ; //University of Hull/ ; }, abstract = {Chemical communication via infochemicals plays a pivotal role in ecological interactions, allowing organisms to sense their environment, locate predators, food, habitats, or mates. A growing number of studies suggest that climate change-associated stressors can modify these chemically mediated interactions, causing info-disruption that scales up to the ecosystem level. However, our understanding of the underlying mechanisms is scarce. Evidenced by a range of examples, we illustrate in this opinion piece that climate change affects different realms in similar patterns, from molecular to ecosystem-wide levels. We assess the importance of different stressors for terrestrial, freshwater, and marine ecosystems and propose a systematic approach to address highlighted knowledge gaps and cross-disciplinary research avenues.}, }
@article {pmid35574854, year = {2022}, author = {Schmidt, DN and Pieraccini, M and Evans, L}, title = {Marine protected areas in the context of climate change: key challenges for coastal social-ecological systems.}, journal = {Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences}, volume = {377}, number = {1854}, pages = {20210131}, doi = {10.1098/rstb.2021.0131}, pmid = {35574854}, issn = {1471-2970}, abstract = {Climate and ecological emergencies play out acutely in coastal systems with devastating impacts on biodiversity, and the livelihoods of communities and their cultural values. Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) are one of the key management and regulatory tools against biodiversity loss, playing a role in strengthening bio-cultural diversity and sustainability of coastal social-ecological systems. What is unclear though is the effectiveness of static protections under climate change as species move. Next to ecological uncertainty, regulatory uncertainty may play a role in weakening marine conservation. We asked whether MPAs are ecologically effective now and can sustain or improve to be so in the future while facing key climate and regulatory uncertainties. MPAs can support the protection of cultural values and have an impact on activities of sea-users and the sustainability of social-ecological systems. As such, questions surrounding their legitimacy under a changing climate and increased uncertainty are pertinent. We argue that MPA governance must be cognisant of the interdependency between natural and human systems and their joint reaction to climate change impacts based on an integrated, co-developed, and interdisciplinary approach. Focusing on the UK as a case study, we highlight some of the challenges to achieve effective, adaptive and legitimate governance of MPAs. This article is part of the theme issue 'Nurturing resilient marine ecosystems'.}, }
@article {pmid35574848, year = {2022}, author = {Kebke, A and Samarra, F and Derous, D}, title = {Climate change and cetacean health: impacts and future directions.}, journal = {Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences}, volume = {377}, number = {1854}, pages = {20210249}, doi = {10.1098/rstb.2021.0249}, pmid = {35574848}, issn = {1471-2970}, abstract = {Climate change directly impacts the foraging opportunities of cetaceans (e.g. lower prey availability), leads to habitat loss, and forces cetaceans to move to other feeding grounds. The rise in ocean temperature, low prey availability and loss of habitat can have severe consequences for cetacean survival, particularly those species that are already threatened or those with a limited habitat range. In addition, it is predicted that the concentration of contaminants in aquatic environments will increase owing to Arctic meltwater and increased rainfall events leading to higher rates of land-based runoff in downstream coastal areas. These persistent and mobile contaminants can bioaccumulate in the ecosystem, and lead to ecotoxicity with potentially severe consequences on the reproductive organs, immune system and metabolism of marine mammals. There is a need to measure and assess the cumulative impact of multiple stressors, given that climate change, habitat alteration, low prey availability and contaminants do not act in isolation. Human-caused perturbations to cetacean foraging abilities are becoming a pervasive and prevalent threat to many cetacean species on top of climate change-associated stressors. We need to move to a greater understanding of how multiple stressors impact the metabolism of cetaceans and ultimately their population trajectory. This article is part of the theme issue 'Nurturing resilient marine ecosystems'.}, }
@article {pmid35574134, year = {2022}, author = {Elli, EF and Ciampitti, IA and Castellano, MJ and Purcell, LC and Naeve, S and Grassini, P and La Menza, NC and Moro Rosso, L and de Borja Reis, AF and Kovács, P and Archontoulis, SV}, title = {Climate Change and Management Impacts on Soybean N Fixation, Soil N Mineralization, N2O Emissions, and Seed Yield.}, journal = {Frontiers in plant science}, volume = {13}, number = {}, pages = {849896}, doi = {10.3389/fpls.2022.849896}, pmid = {35574134}, issn = {1664-462X}, abstract = {Limited knowledge about how nitrogen (N) dynamics are affected by climate change, weather variability, and crop management is a major barrier to improving the productivity and environmental performance of soybean-based cropping systems. To fill this knowledge gap, we created a systems understanding of agroecosystem N dynamics and quantified the impact of controllable (management) and uncontrollable (weather, climate) factors on N fluxes and soybean yields. We performed a simulation experiment across 10 soybean production environments in the United States using the Agricultural Production Systems sIMulator (APSIM) model and future climate projections from five global circulation models. Climate change (2020-2080) increased N mineralization (24%) and N2O emissions (19%) but decreased N fixation (32%), seed N (20%), and yields (19%). Soil and crop management practices altered N fluxes at a similar magnitude as climate change but in many different directions, revealing opportunities to improve soybean systems' performance. Among many practices explored, we identified two solutions with great potential: improved residue management (short-term) and water management (long-term). Inter-annual weather variability and management practices affected soybean yield less than N fluxes, which creates opportunities to manage N fluxes without compromising yields, especially in regions with adequate to excess soil moisture. This work provides actionable results (tradeoffs, synergies, directions) to inform decision-making for adapting crop management in a changing climate to improve soybean production systems.}, }
@article {pmid35574091, year = {2022}, author = {Burridge, JD and Grondin, A and Vadez, V}, title = {Optimizing Crop Water Use for Drought and Climate Change Adaptation Requires a Multi-Scale Approach.}, journal = {Frontiers in plant science}, volume = {13}, number = {}, pages = {824720}, doi = {10.3389/fpls.2022.824720}, pmid = {35574091}, issn = {1664-462X}, abstract = {Selection criteria that co-optimize water use efficiency and yield are needed to promote plant productivity in increasingly challenging and variable drought scenarios, particularly dryland cereals in the semi-arid tropics. Optimizing water use efficiency and yield fundamentally involves transpiration dynamics, where restriction of maximum transpiration rate helps to avoid early crop failure, while maximizing grain filling. Transpiration restriction can be regulated by multiple mechanisms and involves cross-organ coordination. This coordination involves complex feedbacks and feedforwards over time scales ranging from minutes to weeks, and from spatial scales ranging from cell membrane to crop canopy. Aquaporins have direct effect but various compensation and coordination pathways involve phenology, relative root and shoot growth, shoot architecture, root length distribution profile, as well as other architectural and anatomical aspects of plant form and function. We propose gravimetric phenotyping as an integrative, cross-scale solution to understand the dynamic, interwoven, and context-dependent coordination of transpiration regulation. The most fruitful breeding strategy is likely to be that which maintains focus on the phene of interest, namely, daily and season level transpiration dynamics. This direct selection approach is more precise than yield-based selection but sufficiently integrative to capture attenuating and complementary factors.}, }
@article {pmid35571150, year = {2022}, author = {Crameri, NJ and Ellison, JC}, title = {Atoll inland and coastal mangrove climate change vulnerability assessment.}, journal = {Wetlands ecology and management}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {1-20}, doi = {10.1007/s11273-022-09878-0}, pmid = {35571150}, issn = {0923-4861}, abstract = {Climate change threatens global mangroves, which are already among the world's most impacted ecosystems. Vulnerability components of exposure, sensitivity and adaptive capacity were evaluated on mangroves of atoll settings on Jaluit Atoll, in the Marshall Islands, assessing spatial changes of mangrove cover 1945-2018/19, sea-level trends 1968-2019, and reviewing available information. Inland mangrove depressions occur on Jaluit, as well as coastal lagoon margin mangroves, and both were assessed using the same methods. Spatial analysis results showed both inland and coastal mangroves have increased in area. Inland mangroves on eight of Jaluit's islands mostly expanded after 1976 from 40 to 50 hectares, with progradation and tidal creek infill closing lagoon connections. Shoreline mangroves showed 88-100% of transects prograding 0.1-0.51 m year-1 and 0-11.5% of transects eroding 0-0.18 m year-1. Assessment of a combination of aerial/satellite images, literature and on-the-ground photos indicated that the mangroves are in healthy condition. Vulnerability assessment results showed both inland and coastal mangroves to have similar strengths and weaknesses in resilience, with intrinsic areas of vulnerability persisting during increased future sea level rise, limited sediment supply and extremely low elevations.<br><br>Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11273-022-09878-0.}, }
@article {pmid35567412, year = {2022}, author = {de Olanda Souza, GH and Aparecido, LEO and de Lima, RF and Torsoni, GB and Chiquitto, AG and de Moraes, JRC}, title = {Agroclimatic Zoning for Bananas Under Climate Change in Brazil.}, journal = {Journal of the science of food and agriculture}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1002/jsfa.12018}, pmid = {35567412}, issn = {1097-0010}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Climate change is the main cause of biotic and abiotic stresses in plants and affects yield. Therefore, we sought to carry out a study on future changes in the agroclimatic conditions of banana cultivation in Brazil. The current agroclimatic zoning was carried out with data obtained from the National Institute of Meteorology (INMET) related to mean air temperature, annual rainfall, and soil texture data in Brazil. The global climate model BCC-CSM1.1 (Beijing Climate Center-Climate System Model, version 1.1), adopted by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), corresponding to Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) 2.6, 4.5, 6.0, and 8.5 for the period 2050 (2041-2060) and 2070 (2061-2080), obtained through the CHELSA V1.2 platform, was chosen for the climate projections of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 5 (CMIP5). Matrix images at a depth of 5-15 cm, obtained through the product of the SoilGrids system, were used for the texture data. The ArcGIS software version 10.8 was used to construct the maps.<br><br>RESULTS: Areas favorable to the crop plantation were classified as suitable when air temperature (TAIR) was between 20 and 29 °C, annual rainfall (RANNUAL) between 1,200 and 1,900 mm, and soil clay content (CSOIL) between 30 and 55%. Subsequently, the information was reclassified, summarizing the classes into preferential, recommended, little recommended, and not recommended. The current scenario shows a preferential class of 8.1%, recommended of 44.6%, little recommended of 47.1%, and not recommended of 0.1% for the Brazilian territory.<br><br>CONCLUSION: The results show no drastic changes in the total area regarding the classes, but there is a migration from these zones, that is, from tropical to subtropical and temperate regions. RCP 8.5 - 2070 (2061-2080) showed trends with negative impacts on arable areas for banana cultivation at the end of the century. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.}, }
@article {pmid35567180, year = {2022}, author = {Ishtiaq, M and Maqbool, M and Muzamil, M and Casini, R and Alataway, A and Dewidar, AZ and El-Sabrout, AM and Elansary, HO}, title = {Impact of Climate Change on Phenology of Two Heat-Resistant Wheat Varieties and Future Adaptations.}, journal = {Plants (Basel, Switzerland)}, volume = {11}, number = {9}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3390/plants11091180}, pmid = {35567180}, issn = {2223-7747}, support = {//Vice Deanship of Research Chairs at King Saud University/ ; }, abstract = {Climate change (CC) is a global threat to the agricultural system. Changing climatic conditions are causing variations in temperature range, rainfall timing, humidity percentage, soil structure, and composition of gases in environment. All these factors have a great influence on the phenological events in plants' life cycle. Alternation in phenological events, especially in crops, leads to either lower yield or crop failure. In light of respective statement, the present study is designed to evaluate the climatic impacts on two heat-resistant wheat varieties (Sialkot-2008 and Punjab-2018). During the study, impacts of CC on wheat phenology and annual yield were predicted considering six climatic factors: maximum temp, minimum temperature, precipitation, humidity, soil moisture content, and solar radiation using two quantitative approaches. First, a two-year field experimental plot was set up at five different sites of study-each plot a bisect of two sites. Phenological changes of both varieties were monitored with respect to climatic factors and changes were recorded in a scientific manner. Secondly, experimental results were compared with Global climate models (GMC) models with a baseline range of the past 40 years (1970-2010) and future fifty years (2019-2068) under Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 8.5 model analysis. Field experiment showed a (0.02) difference in maximum temperature, (0.04) in minimum temperature, (0.17) in humidity, and about (0.03) significant difference in soil moisture content during 2019-2021. Under these changing climatic parameters, a 0.21% difference was accounted in annual yield. Furthermore, the results were supported by GMC model analysis, which was analyzed by Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer (DSSAT) model. Results depicted that non-heat-resistant wheat varieties could cause up to a 6~13% reduction in yield during future 50 years (2019-2068)) compared with the last 40 years (1970-2010). A larger decline in wheat grain number relative to grain weight is a key reducer of wheat yield, under future climate change circumstances. Using heat-tolerant wheat varieties will not only assist to overcome this plethora but also provide a potential increase of up to 7% to 10% in indigenous environment. On the other hand, it was concluded that cultivating these heat-resistant varieties that are also ripening late culminates into enhanced thermal time chucks during the grain-filling period; hence, wheat yield will increase by 8% to 12%. In changing climatic conditions and varieties, 'Punjab-2018' will be the better choice for peasants and farm-land owners to obtain a better yield of wheat to cope with the necessities of food on the domestic and national level.}, }
@article {pmid35565106, year = {2022}, author = {Song, C and Huang, X and Les, O and Ma, H and Liu, R}, title = {The Economic Impact of Climate Change on Wheat and Maize Yields in the North China Plain.}, journal = {International journal of environmental research and public health}, volume = {19}, number = {9}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3390/ijerph19095707}, pmid = {35565106}, issn = {1660-4601}, support = {72003057//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 72173037//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 21YJA790039//Ministry of Education of Humanities and Social Science Research Project of China/ ; }, abstract = {Climate change has significantly affected agricultural production. As one of China's most important agricultural production regions, the North China Plain (NCP) is subject to climate change. This paper examines the influence of climate change on the wheat and maize yields at household and village levels, using the multilevel model based on a large panel survey dataset in the NCP. The results show that: (i) Extreme weather events (drought and flood) would significantly reduce the wheat and maize yields. So, the governments should establish and improve the emergency service system of disaster warning and encourage farmers to mitigate the adverse effects of disasters. (ii) Over the past three decades, the NCP has experienced climate change that affects its grain production. Therefore, it is imperative to build the farmers' adaptive capacity to climate change. (iii) Spatial variations in crop yield are significantly influenced by the household characteristics and the heterogeneity of village economic conditions. Therefore, in addition to promoting household production, it is necessary to strengthen and promote China's development of the rural collective economy, especially the construction of rural irrigation and drainage infrastructures.}, }
@article {pmid35564881, year = {2022}, author = {Sibitane, ZE and Dube, K and Lekaota, L}, title = {Global Warming and Its Implications on Nature Tourism at Phinda Private Game Reserve, South Africa.}, journal = {International journal of environmental research and public health}, volume = {19}, number = {9}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3390/ijerph19095487}, pmid = {35564881}, issn = {1660-4601}, support = {132407//National Research Fund of South Africa/ ; }, abstract = {The past decade recorded the highest number of high impact extreme weather events such as flooding, rainfall events, fires, droughts, and heatwaves amongst others. One of the key features and drivers of extreme weather events has been global warming, with record temperatures recorded globally. The World Meteorological Organization indicated that the 2010-2020 decade was one of the warmest on record. Continued global warming triggers a chain of positive feedback with far-reaching adverse implications on the environment and socio-economic activities. The tourism industry fears that increased global warming would result in severe challenges for the sector. The challenges include species extinction, disruption of tourism aviation, and several tourism activities. Given the extent of climate variability and change, this study examines the impacts of rising temperatures on tourism operations at Phinda Private Game Reserve in South Africa. The study adopts a mixed-method approach that uses secondary, archival, and primary data collected through interviews and field observations to investigate the impacts. Data analysis was done using XLSTAT and Mann-Kendall Trend Analysis to analyse climate trends, while content and thematic analyses were used to analyse primary data findings. The study found that increasing temperature is challenging for tourists and tourism employees as it affects productivity, sleeping patterns, tourism operations, and infrastructure. High temperatures are a considerable threat to water availability and animal sightings, adversely affecting the game drive experience. Increased heatwaves resulted in bird mortality and hatching mortality for turtles; this is a significant conservation challenge. The study recommends that heat stress be treated as a health and safety issue to protect tourists and employees.}, }
@article {pmid35564783, year = {2022}, author = {Wewerinke-Singh, M and Doebbler, C}, title = {Protecting Human Health from Climate Change: Legal Obligations and Avenues of Redress under International Law.}, journal = {International journal of environmental research and public health}, volume = {19}, number = {9}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3390/ijerph19095386}, pmid = {35564783}, issn = {1660-4601}, abstract = {In this contribution, we explore how human health can be protected from climate change and its adverse effects by reliance on States' obligations under international law. We achieved this by reviewing the principal legal instruments that establish the right to health, as well as those that recognize that climate change has an adverse impact on health (Part II). We then examine the means of redress that may be available to those whose human right to health has been interfered with or violated because of climate change (Part III). Finally, we draw some conclusions as to the current effectiveness and future direction of these developments.}, }
@article {pmid35564601, year = {2022}, author = {Huang, J and Yang, JZ and Chu, H}, title = {Framing Climate Change Impacts as Moral Violations: The Pathway of Perceived Message Credibility.}, journal = {International journal of environmental research and public health}, volume = {19}, number = {9}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3390/ijerph19095210}, pmid = {35564601}, issn = {1660-4601}, abstract = {Climate change has been increasingly discussed in moral terms in public discourse. Despite the growing body of research on the effectiveness of moral frames in bridging the ideological divide, few studies have examined the role that perceived credibility, an important element of any persuasive appeal, plays in facilitating the framing effect. With the objective of further understanding how moral frames may engage individuals with different ideologies in climate change and refining climate change messaging strategies, two experimental surveys were conducted to examine the effects of moral violation frames on climate engagement. Specifically, a moderated mediation model was tested. The model posits that message credibility mediates the relationship between moral frames and policy support, as well as the relationship between moral frames and behavior intention. Moreover, political ideology moderated the indirect effects of message credibility. Based on moral foundations theory, seven messages were designed to activate individualizing and binding moral foundations. The results indicated that credibility consistently mediated the effects of the moral violation frame on climate engagement and that liberal-leaning individuals were more likely to perceive an individualizing frame as more credible than a binding frame. However, this difference was smaller among conservative-leaning individuals, with evidence for this moderated mediation model found only for policy support among college students. This study suggests that credibility is key for effective moral violations arguments of climate change.}, }
@article {pmid35564506, year = {2022}, author = {Lim, NO and Hwang, J and Lee, SJ and Yoo, Y and Choi, Y and Jeon, S}, title = {Spatialization and Prediction of Seasonal NO2 Pollution Due to Climate Change in the Korean Capital Area through Land Use Regression Modeling.}, journal = {International journal of environmental research and public health}, volume = {19}, number = {9}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3390/ijerph19095111}, pmid = {35564506}, issn = {1660-4601}, support = {2020002990009//Korea Environmental Industry and Technology Institute/ ; }, abstract = {Urbanization is causing an increase in air pollution leading to serious health issues. However, even though the necessity of its regulation is acknowledged, there are relatively few monitoring sites in the capital metropolitan city of the Republic of Korea. Furthermore, a significant relationship between air pollution and climate variables is expected, thus the prediction of air pollution under climate change should be carefully attended. This study aims to predict and spatialize present and future NO2 distribution by using existing monitoring sites to overcome deficiency in monitoring. Prediction was conducted through seasonal Land use regression modeling using variables correlated with NO2 concentration. Variables were selected through two correlation analyses and future pollution was predicted under HadGEM-AO RCP scenarios 4.5 and 8.5. Our results showed a relatively high NO2 concentration in winter in both present and future predictions, resulting from elevated use of fossil fuels in boilers, and also showed increments of NO2 pollution due to climate change. The results of this study could strengthen existing air pollution management strategies and mitigation measures for planning concerning future climate change, supporting proper management and control of air pollution.}, }
@article {pmid35562755, year = {2022}, author = {Wang, X and Juma, S and Li, W and Suleman, M and Muhsin, MA and He, J and He, M and Xu, D and Zhang, J and Bergquist, R and Yang, K}, title = {Potential risk of colonization of Bulinus globosus in the mainland of China under climate change.}, journal = {Infectious diseases of poverty}, volume = {11}, number = {1}, pages = {52}, pmid = {35562755}, issn = {2049-9957}, support = {82173586//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; BZ2020003//Science and Technology Support Program of Jiangsu Province/ ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Bulinus globosus, the main intermediate snail host of Schistosoma haematobium. The increased contacts between Africa and China could even lead to large-scale dissemination of B. globosus in China. Temperature is the key factor affecting fresh-water snail transmission. This study predicted potential risk of colonization of B. globosus in the mainland of China under climate change.<br><br>METHODS: We investigated minimum and maximum temperatures for B. globosus eggs, juveniles and adult snails kept under laboratory conditions to find the most suitable range by pinpointing the median effective temperatures (ET50). We also assessed the influence of temperature on spawning and estimated the accumulated temperature (AT). The average air temperatures between 1955 and 2019 in January and July, the coldest and hottest months in China, respectively, were collected from national meteorological monitoring stations and investigated in a geographic information system (GIS) using empirical Bayesian Kriging to evaluate the theoretical possibility for distribution of B. globosus in southern China based on temperature.<br><br>RESULTS: The effective minimum temperature (ET50min) for eggs, juveniles, adult snails and spawning were 8.5, 7.0, 7.0, 14.9 °C, respectively, with the corresponding maximum values (ET50max) of 36.6, 40.5, 40.2 and 38.1 °C. The AT was calculated at 712.1 ± 64.9 °C·d. In 1955, the potential B. globosus distribution would have had a northern boundary stretching from the coastal areas of Guangdong Province and Guangxi Autonomous Region to southern Yunnan Province. Since then, this line has gradually moved northward.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Annual regeneration of B. globosus can be supported by the current climate conditions in the mainland of China, and a gradual expansion trend from south to north is shown in the study from 2015 to 2019. Thus, there is a potential risk of colonization of B. globosus in the mainland of China under climate change.}, }
@article {pmid35561902, year = {2022}, author = {Kang, H and Sridhar, V and Ali, SA}, title = {Climate change impacts on conventional and flash droughts in the Mekong River Basin.}, journal = {The Science of the total environment}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {155845}, doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155845}, pmid = {35561902}, issn = {1879-1026}, abstract = {Recent drought events in the Mekong River Basin (MRB) have resulted in devastating environmental and economic losses, and climate change and human-induced alterations have exacerbated drought conditions. Using hydrologic models and multiple climate change scenarios, this study quantified the future climate change impacts on conventional and flash drought conditions in the MRB. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) and Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) models were applied to estimate long-term drought indices for conventional and flash drought conditions over historical and future periods (1966-2099), using two emission scenarios (RCP 4.5 and RCP8.5), and four climate models from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5). For the conventional drought assessment, monthly scale drought indices were estimated, and pentad-scale (5 days) drought indices were computed for the flash drought evaluations. There were overall increases in droughts from the SWAT model for the conventional drought conditions and overall decreases from the VIC model. For the flash drought conditions, the SWAT-driven drought indices showed overall increases in drought occurrences (up to 165%). On the contrary, the VIC-driven drought indices presented decreases in drought occurrences (up to -44%). The conventional and flash drought evaluations differ between these models as they partition the water budget, specifically soil moisture differently. We conclude that the proposed framework, which includes hydrologic models, various emission scenarios, and projections, allows us to assess the various perspectives on drought conditions. Basin countries have differential impacts, so targeted future adaptation strategy is required.}, }
@article {pmid35561825, year = {2022}, author = {Agathokleous, E and De Marco, A and Paoletti, E and Querol, X and Sicard, P}, title = {Air Pollution and Climate Change threats to Plant Ecosystems.}, journal = {Environmental research}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {113420}, doi = {10.1016/j.envres.2022.113420}, pmid = {35561825}, issn = {1096-0953}, }
@article {pmid35553672, year = {2022}, author = {de Guevara, ML and Maestre, FT}, title = {Ecology and responses to climate change of biocrust-forming mosses in drylands.}, journal = {Journal of experimental botany}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1093/jxb/erac183}, pmid = {35553672}, issn = {1460-2431}, abstract = {The interest in understanding the role of biocrusts as ecosystem engineers in drylands has substantially increased during the last two decades. Mosses are a major biocrust component that dominate its late successional stages. In general, their impacts on most ecosystem functions are greater than those of early-stage biocrust constituents. However, it is common to find contradictory results regarding how moss interactions with different biotic and abiotic factors affect ecosystem processes. This review aims to: i) describe the adaptations and environmental constraints of biocrust-forming mosses in drylands, ii) identify their primary ecological roles in these ecosystems, and iii) synthesise their responses to climate change. Our review emphasises the importance of interactions between specific functional traits of mosses (e.g., height, radiation reflectance, morphology, shoot densities) with both the environment (e.g., climate, topography and soil properties) and other organisms to understand their ecological roles and responses to climate change. It also highlights key areas that we should research in the future to fulfil essential gaps in our understanding of the ecology and responses to ongoing climate change of biocrust-forming mosses. These include a better understanding of intra- and interspecific interactions and mechanisms driving mosses' carbon balance of during desiccation/rehydration cycles.}, }
@article {pmid35552738, year = {2022}, author = {Cassidy, VA and Asaro, C and McCarty, EP}, title = {Management Implications for the Nantucket Pine Tip Moth From Temperature-Induced Shifts in Phenology and Voltinism Attributed to Climate Change.}, journal = {Journal of economic entomology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1093/jee/toac071}, pmid = {35552738}, issn = {1938-291X}, support = {25267-42025267//Georgia Forestry Commission/ ; }, abstract = {Forest insect pest phenology and infestation pressure may shift as temperatures continue to warm due to climate change, resulting in greater challenges for sustainable forest management . The Nantucket pine tip moth (NPTM) (Rhyacionia frustrana Comstock) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) is a native forest regeneration pest in the southeastern U.S. with multiple generations per year. Changes in NPTM voltinism may result from temperature-induced shifts in NPTM phenology. Degree-day models have been used to develop optimal spray dates (OSDs) for NPTM. The 2000 Spray Timing Model (STM), based on temperature data from 1960 to 2000, provided generation-specific 5-d OSDs to effectively time applications of contact insecticides. An updated degree-day model, the 2019 STM, is based on temperature data from 2000 to 2019 and was used to detect changes in voltinism as well as shifts in phenology and OSDs. Based on the model, increased voltinism occurred at 6 of the 28 study locations (21%). Changes in voltinism occurred in the Piedmont and Coastal Plain of Georgia, U.S., with shifts from three to four or four to five generations a year, depending on location. The OSDs from the 2019 STM were compared to the 2000 STM OSDs. Over half (57%) of the OSDs differed by 5-15 d, with the majority (66%) resulting in earlier spray dates. The 2019 STM will help growers adapt NPTM control tactics to temperature-induced phenology shifts. NPTM serves as an example of temperature-induced changes attributed to climate change in a forest insect pest with important implications to forest management.}, }
@article {pmid35550808, year = {2022}, author = {Kharwadkar, S and Attanayake, V and Duncan, J and Navaratne, N and Benson, J}, title = {The impact of climate change on the risk factors for tuberculosis: A systematic review.}, journal = {Environmental research}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {113436}, doi = {10.1016/j.envres.2022.113436}, pmid = {35550808}, issn = {1096-0953}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis (TB) continues to pose a major public health risk in many countries. The current incidence of disease exceeds guidelines proposed by the World Health Organisation and United Nations. Whilst the relationship between climate change and TB has surfaced in recent literature, it remains neglected in global agendas. There is a need to acknowledge TB as a climate-sensitive disease to facilitate its eradication.<br><br>OBJECTIVE: To review epidemiological and prediction model studies that explore how climate change may affect the risk factors for TB, as outlined in the Global Tuberculosis Report 2021: HIV infection, diabetes mellitus, undernutrition, overcrowding, poverty, and indoor air pollution.<br><br>METHODS: We conducted a systematic literature search of PubMed, Embase, and Scopus databases to identify studies examining the association between climate variables and the risk factors for TB. Each study that satisfied the inclusion criteria was assessed for quality and ethics. Studies then underwent vote-counting and were categorised based on whether an association was found.<br><br>RESULTS: 53 studies met inclusion criteria and were included in our review. Vote-counting revealed that two out of two studies found a positive association between the examined climate change proxy and HIV, nine out of twelve studies for diabetes, eight out of seventeen studies for undernutrition, four out of five studies for overcrowding, twelve out of fifteen studies for poverty and one out of three studies for indoor air pollution.<br><br>DISCUSSION: We found evidence supporting a positive association between climate change and each of the discussed risk factors for TB, excluding indoor air pollution. Our findings suggest that climate change is likely to affect the susceptibility of individuals to TB by increasing the prevalence of its underlying risk factors, particularly in developing countries. This is an evolving field of research that requires further attention in the scientific community.}, }
@article {pmid35550712, year = {2022}, author = {Kaminski, I}, title = {How scientists are helping sue over climate change.}, journal = {The Lancet. Planetary health}, volume = {6}, number = {5}, pages = {e386-e387}, doi = {10.1016/S2542-5196(22)00098-5}, pmid = {35550712}, issn = {2542-5196}, }
@article {pmid35550081, year = {2022}, author = {Laumann, F and von Kügelgen, J and Kanashiro Uehara, TH and Barahona, M}, title = {Complex interlinkages, key objectives, and nexuses among the Sustainable Development Goals and climate change: a network analysis.}, journal = {The Lancet. Planetary health}, volume = {6}, number = {5}, pages = {e422-e430}, doi = {10.1016/S2542-5196(22)00070-5}, pmid = {35550081}, issn = {2542-5196}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Global sustainability is an enmeshed system of complex socioeconomic, climatological, and ecological interactions. The numerous objectives of the UN's Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and the Paris Agreement have various levels of interdependence, making it difficult to ascertain the influence of changes to particular indicators across the whole system. In this analysis, we aimed to detect and rank the complex interlinkages between objectives of sustainability agendas.<br><br>METHODS: We developed a method to find interlinkages among the 17 SDGs and climate change, including non-linear and non-monotonic dependences. We used time series of indicators defined by the World Bank, consisting of 400 indicators that measure progress towards the 17 SDGs and an 18th variable (annual average temperatures), representing progress in the response to the climate crisis, from 2000 to 2019. This method detects significant dependencies among the time evolution of the objectives by using partial distance correlations, a non-linear measure of conditional dependence that also discounts spurious correlations originating from lurking variables. We then used a network representation to identify the most important objectives (using network centrality) and to obtain nexuses of objectives (defined as highly interconnected clusters in the network).<br><br>FINDINGS: Using temporal data from 181 countries spanning 20 years, we analysed dependencies among SDGs and climate for 35 country groupings based on region, development, and income level. The observed significant interlinkages, central objectives, and nexuses identified varied greatly across country groupings; however, SDG 17 (partnerships for the goals) and climate change ranked as highly important across many country groupings. Temperature rise was strongly linked to urbanisation, air pollution, and slum expansion (SDG 11), especially in country groupings likely to be worst affected by climate breakdown, such as Africa. In several country groupings composed of developing nations, we observed a consistent nexus of strongly interconnected objectives formed by SDG 1 (poverty reduction), SDG 4 (education), and SDG 8 (economic growth), sometimes incorporating SDG 5 (gender equality), and SDG 16 (peace and justice).<br><br>INTERPRETATION: The differences across groupings emphasise the need to define goals in accordance with local circumstances and priorities. Our analysis highlights global partnerships (SDG 17) as a pivot in global sustainability efforts, which have been strongly linked to economic growth (SDG 8). However, if economic growth and trade expansion were repositioned as a means instead of an end goal of development, our analysis showed that education (SDG 4) and poverty reduction (SDG 1) become more central, thus suggesting that these could be prioritised in global partnerships. Urban livelihoods (SDG 11) were also flagged as important to avoid replicating unsustainable patterns of the past.<br><br>FUNDING: Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council, UK Research and Innovation.}, }
@article {pmid35550074, year = {2022}, author = {Hernandez, J and Meisner, J and Bardosh, K and Rabinowitz, P}, title = {Prevent pandemics and halt climate change? Strengthen land rights for Indigenous peoples.}, journal = {The Lancet. Planetary health}, volume = {6}, number = {5}, pages = {e381-e382}, doi = {10.1016/S2542-5196(22)00069-9}, pmid = {35550074}, issn = {2542-5196}, }
@article {pmid35549175, year = {2022}, author = {Zhao, Y and Chang, H and Liu, X and Bisinella, V and Christensen, TH}, title = {Climate Change Impact of the Development in Household Waste Management in China.}, journal = {Environmental science &amp; technology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1021/acs.est.1c07921}, pmid = {35549175}, issn = {1520-5851}, abstract = {The potential climate change impacts of the development in Chinese household waste management, with less landfilling, more incineration with energy recovery, and source-separated food waste treated in biorefineries, were assessed through a life cycle assessment. When the waste management system interacts with a fossil-based energy system, landfilling produces a load of 144 kg CO2-eq/ton wet waste, while incineration shows a saving of 36 kg CO2-eq/ton wet waste. The introduction of food waste source separation lowers climate change impacts by an additional 33 kg CO2-eq/ton at a 60% sorting efficiency. As the Chinese energy system lowers its climate change impact over the next 30 years, energy recovery from waste treatment will change its relative contribution to climate change. In nonfossil energy systems, landfilling is estimated to have a climate change load of 180-240 kg CO2-eq/ton wet waste, while incineration, including combinations with the source-separation of food waste, will have a load of 310-540 kg CO2-eq/ton wet waste. These large intervals are due to waste composition uncertainty. However, considering a 20 year CH4 characterization factor representing a shorter time perspective, the impacts from landfilling are more dramatic due to the large methane release. This significant climate change impact calls for an increased focus on the developments in Chinese household waste management. The key issues identified may also apply to other countries.}, }
@article {pmid35546364, year = {2022}, author = {Masao, CA and Igoli, J and Liwenga, ET}, title = {Relevance of Neglected and Underutilized Plants for Climate Change Adaptation &amp; Conservation Implications in Semi-arid Regions of Tanzania.}, journal = {Environmental management}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, pmid = {35546364}, issn = {1432-1009}, support = {J/5523-1//International Foundation for Science/ ; }, abstract = {Neglected and underutilized plant species (NUS) in Tanzania are maintained by socio-cultural preferences. However, a majority remains inadequately characterized and neglected by research and conservation initiatives. Over long time ago, the NUS have been part of the major component in the food systems of local communities especially in the dryland areas to overcome challenges brought about by uncertain climatic conditions. This study documents the NUS diversity and indigenous knowledge on their availability, agronomic and cultural practices in the Semi-arid zones of Tanzania to verify their economic potentials and promote their sustainable utilization for climate change adaptation as well as natural resources conservation. The study involved field plant identification, quantification and participatory rural appraisals (PRAs). The results indicate that the study regions have very rich diversity of NUS contributing significantly to the people's adaptation to drought conditions and food shortages in the areas. The NUS in the studied regions had varied uses including food and medicine. A majority of the consulted farmers in the study area indicated that the NUS utilized in the areas were either minimally cultivated on farms, freely obtained from the wild or grew as weeds in the farmlands. Despite the potentials for NUS in contributing to climate change adaptation in the areas, so far there have been no efforts geared towards their sustainable utilization and conservation. It is observed that promotion of NUS through improved packaging and marketing could contribute to the economy of the local people who have access to NUS in the area and therefore enhance resilience of semi-arid communities.}, }
@article {pmid35545440, year = {2022}, author = {Staples, TL and Kiessling, W and Pandolfi, JM}, title = {Emergence patterns of locally novel plant communities driven by past climate change and modern anthropogenic impacts.}, journal = {Ecology letters}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1111/ele.14016}, pmid = {35545440}, issn = {1461-0248}, support = {KI 806/15//Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft/ ; CE140100020//Australian Research Council's Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies/ ; DP210100804//Australian Research Council Discovery/ ; }, abstract = {Anthropogenic disturbance and climate change can result in dramatic increases in the emergence of new, ecologically novel, communities of organisms. We used a standardised framework to detect local novel communities in 2135 pollen time series over the last 25,000 years. Eight thousand years of post-glacial warming coincided with a threefold increase in local novel community emergence relative to glacial estimates. Novel communities emerged predominantly at high latitudes and were linked to global and local temperature change across multi-millennial time intervals. In contrast, emergence of locally novel communities in the last 200 years, although already on par with glacial retreat estimates, occurred at midlatitudes and near high human population densities. Anthropogenic warming does not appear to be strongly associated with modern local novel communities, but may drive widespread emergence in the future, with legacy effects for millennia after warming abates.}, }
@article {pmid35545286, year = {2022}, author = {James, A}, title = {Urgent action needed to address mental health risks of climate change.}, journal = {BMJ (Clinical research ed.)}, volume = {377}, number = {}, pages = {o1180}, doi = {10.1136/bmj.o1180}, pmid = {35545286}, issn = {1756-1833}, }
@article {pmid35544828, year = {2022}, author = {Vassari-Pereira, D and Valverde, MC and Asmus, GF}, title = {[Impact of climate change and air quality on hospitalizations for respiratory diseases in municipalities in the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo (MRSP), Brazil].}, journal = {Ciencia &amp; saude coletiva}, volume = {27}, number = {5}, pages = {2023-2034}, doi = {10.1590/1413-81232022275.08632021}, pmid = {35544828}, issn = {1678-4561}, abstract = {The scope of this study was to analyze the possible impacts of climate change on respiratory health in the municipalities of Santo André and São Caetano do Sul. Historical meteorological data (temperature, precipitation, relative humidity and atmospheric pressure), air quality data (concentrations of PM10 and O3) and respiratory health data (incidence rates of hospitalizations for respiratory diseases - IRHRD) were related through statistical models of Multiple Linear Regression (MLR). Meteorological data from future climate projections (2019-2099) from three different climate models (one global and two regionalized) in two emission scenarios were applied to the MLR models. The results showed that the IRHRD will suffer an increase of up to 10% in relation to the current levels for São Caetano do Sul in the 2070-2099 period. In Santo André, projections indicated a reduction of up to 26% in IRHRD. The most important variable in the MLR models for Santo André was temperature (-2,15x), indicating an inverse relationship between global warming and an increase in IRHRD, while in São Caetano the atmospheric pressure had the greatest weight (2.44x). For future studies, the inclusion of future projections of PM10 concentrations is recommended.}, }
@article {pmid35544378, year = {2022}, author = {Heinzerling, L}, title = {Climate Change in the Supreme Court.}, journal = {The New England journal of medicine}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1056/NEJMp2201800}, pmid = {35544378}, issn = {1533-4406}, }
@article {pmid35544145, year = {2021}, author = {The Lancet Microbe, }, title = {Climate change: fires, floods, and infectious diseases.}, journal = {The Lancet. Microbe}, volume = {2}, number = {9}, pages = {e415}, doi = {10.1016/S2666-5247(21)00220-2}, pmid = {35544145}, issn = {2666-5247}, }
@article {pmid35542964, year = {2022}, author = {Malerba, D}, title = {The Effects of Social Protection and Social Cohesion on the Acceptability of Climate Change Mitigation Policies: What Do We (Not) Know in the Context of Low- and Middle-Income Countries?.}, journal = {The European journal of development research}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {1-25}, doi = {10.1057/s41287-022-00537-x}, pmid = {35542964}, issn = {0957-8811}, abstract = {Significant climate change mitigation policies are urgently needed to achieve emissions reduction targets. This paper shows that social protection and social cohesion play a critical role in making climate policies more acceptable to citizens by summarizing existing streams of research focusing on industrialized countries. Further, the empirical analysis explores whether these relationships also hold for low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), which are increasingly implementing climate change mitigation policies. The results show that vertical and horizontal trust increase acceptability in all countries. However, preferences for social protection have a positive effect only in industrialized ones. This may suggest a contrast between social and environmental goals in LMICs, where social goals are prioritized. The analysis also revealed a significant interaction between social cohesion and social protection. The paper concludes by discussing the existing research gap as to LMICs and outlines policy options to overcome the conflict between social and environmental goals.}, }
@article {pmid35541025, year = {2022}, author = {Jahn, S and Hertig, E}, title = {Using Clustering, Statistical Modeling, and Climate Change Projections to Analyze Recent and Future Region-Specific Compound Ozone and Temperature Burden Over Europe.}, journal = {GeoHealth}, volume = {6}, number = {4}, pages = {e2021GH000561}, doi = {10.1029/2021GH000561}, pmid = {35541025}, issn = {2471-1403}, abstract = {High ground-level ozone concentrations and high air temperatures present two health-relevant natural hazards. The most severe health outcomes are generally associated with concurrent elevated levels of both variables, representing so-called compound ozone and temperature (o-t-) events. These o-t-events, their relationship with identified main meteorological and synoptic drivers, as well as ozone and temperature levels themselves and the linkage between both variables, vary temporally and with the location of sites. Due to the serious health burden and its spatiotemporal variations, the analysis of o-t-events across the European domain represents the focus of the current work. The main objective is to model and project present and future o-t-events, taking region-specific differences into account. Thus, a division of the European domain into six o-t-regions with homogeneous, similar ground-level ozone and temperature characteristics and patterns built the basis of the study. In order to assess region-specific main meteorological and synoptic drivers of o-t-events, statistical downscaling models were developed for selected representative stations per o-t-region. Statistical climate change projections for all central European o-t-regions were generated to assess potential frequency shifts of o-t-events until the end of the 21st century. The output of eight Earth System Models from the sixth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project considering SSP245 and SSP370 scenario assumptions was applied. By comparing midcentury (2041-2060) and late century (2081-2100) time slice differences with respect to a historical base period (1995-2014), substantial increases of the health-relevant compound o-t-events were projected across all central European regions.}, }
@article {pmid35538366, year = {2022}, author = {Mukherji, A}, title = {Climate change: put water at the heart of solutions.}, journal = {Nature}, volume = {605}, number = {7909}, pages = {195}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-022-01273-2}, pmid = {35538366}, issn = {1476-4687}, }
@article {pmid35538148, year = {2022}, author = {Zhang, Z and Lu, C}, title = {Assessing influences of climate change on highland barley productivity in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau during 1978-2017.}, journal = {Scientific reports}, volume = {12}, number = {1}, pages = {7625}, pmid = {35538148}, issn = {2045-2322}, support = {42101266//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; XDA20040301//Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences/ ; 2017YFA0604701//National Key Research and Development Program of China/ ; }, abstract = {Grain production is becoming increasingly vulnerable to climate change globally. Highland barley (HB) is the most important cereal crop in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP), so assessing HB productivity and its response to climate change could help to understand the capacity of grain production and food security. This study simulated the potential yield of HB annually at 72 meteorological stations for 1978-2017 using the WOFOST model, and then analyzed the spatiotemporal changes of HB potential yield and climatic factors in the growing season. Further, the influence of climate change on HB potential yield was explored in different temperature zones (TZ). Results indicate that the annual average of HB potential yield ranged from 3.5 to 8.1 t/ha in the QTP, and it was averaged at 6.5 t/ha in TZ-3, higher than other zones. From 1978 to 2017, HB potential yield for the whole QTP decreased slightly by 2.1 kg/ha per year, and its change rates were 23.9, 10.1, - 15.9, - 23.8 and - 16.7 kg/ha/year from TZ-1 to TZ-5 (p < 0.05), respectively. In all zones, average (Tave), maximum (Tmax) and minimum temperature (Tmin) showed a significantly warming trend (p < 0.01), and Tmin increased by 0.53, 0.45, 0.44, 0.40 and 0.69 °C per decade, higher than that of Tave and Tmax. However, temperature diurnal range (TDR) and radiation (RA) showed a downward trend, and their decrease rates were far higher in TZ-5 and TZ-3. In TZ-1, ΔTDR was the critical factor to the change in HB potential yield, which would increase by 420.30 kg/ha for 1 °C increase of ΔTDR (p < 0.01). From TZ-2 to TZ-5, ΔRA was the critical factor, but the influence amplitude in terms of the elastic coefficient, decreased from 4.08 to 0.99 (p < 0.01). In addition, other factors such as ΔTmax in TZ-3 and ΔTmin in TZ-4 and TZ-5 also had an important influence on the potential yield. To improve the HB productivity in the QTP, suitable varieties should be developed and introduced to adapt the climate warming in different temperature zones. In addition, efforts are needed to adjust the strategies of fertilizers and irrigation applications.}, }
@article {pmid35535473, year = {2022}, author = {Ortega-Guzmán, L and Rojas-Soto, O and Santiago-Alarcon, D and Huber-Sannwald, E and Chapa-Vargas, L}, title = {Climate predictors and climate change projections for avian haemosporidian prevalence in Mexico.}, journal = {Parasitology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {1-57}, doi = {10.1017/S0031182022000683}, pmid = {35535473}, issn = {1469-8161}, support = {//Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología/ ; //Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología/ ; }, }
@article {pmid35533276, year = {2022}, author = {Wu, C and Sitch, S and Huntingford, C and Mercado, LM and Venevsky, S and Lasslop, G and Archibald, S and Staver, AC}, title = {Reduced global fire activity due to human demography slows global warming by enhanced land carbon uptake.}, journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America}, volume = {119}, number = {20}, pages = {e2101186119}, doi = {10.1073/pnas.2101186119}, pmid = {35533276}, issn = {1091-6490}, support = {31570475//National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)/ ; 122013100131-9//Russian State Assignment of the Federal Research Centre The Southern Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences (SSC RAS)/ ; NE/R001812/1 &amp; NE/J010057/1//RCUK | Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)/ ; NE/N017951/1//UK Natural Environment Research Council through The UK Earth System Modelling Project/ ; MSB #1802453//National Science Foundation (NSF)/ ; 20193080033//Tsinghua University-Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University Joint Scientific Research Fund/ ; 2019YFA0606604//the National Key R&amp;D Program of China/ ; no//the National Capability grant awarded to the UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology by the Natural Environment Research Council/ ; no//Newton Fund through the Met Office Climate Science for Service Partnership Brazil (CSSP Brazil)/ ; 118604//NRF Earth Systems Grant/ ; }, abstract = {SignificanceFire is an increasing climate-driven threat to humans. While human demography can strongly modulate fire ignition rates or fire suppression, changes in CO2 released by fires feed back to climate. We show that human demography could reduce future fire activity, which would in turn attenuate global warming via an enhanced land carbon sink. This mitigation is strongest in a low-CO2-emission world, corresponding to ∼5 to 10 y of global CO2 emissions at today's levels by 2100. We highlight the strong role of human demography in global fire reduction and the potential for climate change mitigation by enhanced land carbon sequestration. We also note possible trade-offs, including loss of biodiversity in fire-dependent ecosystems and increases in severe fire events.}, }
@article {pmid35529678, year = {2022}, author = {Bessagnet, B and Allemand, N and Putaud, JP and Couvidat, F and André, JM and Simpson, D and Pisoni, E and Murphy, BN and Thunis, P}, title = {Emissions of Carbonaceous Particulate Matter and Ultrafine Particles from Vehicles-A Scientific Review in a Cross-Cutting Context of Air Pollution and Climate Change.}, journal = {Applied sciences (Basel, Switzerland)}, volume = {12}, number = {7}, pages = {1-52}, doi = {10.3390/app12073623}, pmid = {35529678}, issn = {2076-3417}, abstract = {Airborne particulate matter (PM) is a pollutant of concern not only because of its adverse effects on human health but also on visibility and the radiative budget of the atmosphere. PM can be considered as a sum of solid/liquid species covering a wide range of particle sizes with diverse chemical composition. Organic aerosols may be emitted (primary organic aerosols, POA), or formed in the atmosphere following reaction of volatile organic compounds (secondary organic aerosols, SOA), but some of these compounds may partition between the gas and aerosol phases depending upon ambient conditions. This review focuses on carbonaceous PM and gaseous precursors emitted by road traffic, including ultrafine particles (UFP) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) that are clearly linked to the evolution and formation of carbonaceous species. Clearly, the solid fraction of PM has been reduced during the last two decades, with the implementation of after-treatment systems abating approximately 99% of primary solid particle mass concentrations. However, the role of brown carbon and its radiative effect on climate and the generation of ultrafine particles by nucleation of organic vapour during the dilution of the exhaust remain unclear phenomena and will need further investigation. The increasing role of gasoline vehicles on carbonaceous particle emissions and formation is also highlighted, particularly through the chemical and thermodynamic evolution of organic gases and their propensity to produce particles. The remaining carbon-containing particles from brakes, tyres and road wear will still be a problem even in a future of full electrification of the vehicle fleet. Some key conclusions and recommendations are also proposed to support the decision makers in view of the next regulations on vehicle emissions worldwide.}, }
@article {pmid35529481, year = {2022}, author = {Alkishe, A and Peterson, AT}, title = {Climate change influences on the geographic distributional potential of the spotted fever vectors Amblyomma maculatum and Dermacentor andersoni.}, journal = {PeerJ}, volume = {10}, number = {}, pages = {e13279}, doi = {10.7717/peerj.13279}, pmid = {35529481}, issn = {2167-8359}, abstract = {Amblyomma maculatum (Gulf Coast tick), and Dermacentor andersoni (Rocky Mountain wood tick) are two North American ticks that transmit spotted fevers associated Rickettsia. Amblyomma maculatum transmits Rickettsia parkeri and Francisella tularensis, while D. andersoni transmits R. rickettsii, Anaplasma marginale, Coltivirus (Colorado tick fever virus), and F. tularensis. Increases in temperature causes mild winters and more extreme dry periods during summers, which will affect tick populations in unknown ways. Here, we used ecological niche modeling (ENM) to assess the potential geographic distributions of these two medically important vector species in North America under current condition and then transfer those models to the future under different future climate scenarios with special interest in highlighting new potential expansion areas. Current model predictions for A. maculatum showed suitable areas across the southern and Midwest United States, and east coast, western and southern Mexico. For D. andersoni, our models showed broad suitable areas across northwestern United States. New potential for range expansions was anticipated for both tick species northward in response to climate change, extending across the Midwest and New England for A. maculatum, and still farther north into Canada for D. andersoni.}, }
@article {pmid35527235, year = {2022}, author = {Tournebize, R and Borner, L and Manel, S and Meynard, CN and Vigouroux, Y and Crouzillat, D and Fournier, C and Kassam, M and Descombes, P and Tranchant-Dubreuil, C and Parrinello, H and Kiwuka, C and Sumirat, U and Legnate, H and Kambale, JL and Sonké, B and Mahinga, JC and Musoli, P and Janssens, SB and Stoffelen, P and de Kochko, A and Poncet, V}, title = {Ecological and genomic vulnerability to climate change across native populations of Robusta coffee (Coffea canephora).}, journal = {Global change biology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1111/gcb.16191}, pmid = {35527235}, issn = {1365-2486}, support = {//Ministère de l'Education Nationale, de l'Enseignement Superieur et de la Recherche/ ; ANR-16-IDEX-0006//I-SITE MUSE/ ; ANR-10-LABX-0001-01//I-SITE MUSE/ ; ID 1002-009//Agropolis Fondation/ ; ID 1402-003//Agropolis Fondation/ ; ANR-10-INBS-09//Agence Nationale pour la Recherche/ ; }, abstract = {The assessment of population vulnerability under climate change is crucial for planning conservation as well as for ensuring food security. Coffea canephora is, in its native habitat, an understorey tree that is mainly distributed in the lowland rainforests of tropical Africa. Also known as Robusta, its commercial value constitutes a significant revenue for many human populations in tropical countries. Comparing ecological and genomic vulnerabilities within the species' native range can provide valuable insights about habitat loss and the species' adaptive potential, allowing to identify genotypes that may act as a resource for varietal improvement. By applying species distribution models, we assessed ecological vulnerability as the decrease in climatic suitability under future climatic conditions from 492 occurrences. We then quantified genomic vulnerability (or risk of maladaptation) as the allelic composition change required to keep pace with predicted climate change. Genomic vulnerability was estimated from genomic environmental correlations throughout the native range. Suitable habitat was predicted to diminish to half its size by 2050, with populations near coastlines and around the Congo River being the most vulnerable. Whole-genome sequencing revealed 165 candidate SNPs associated with climatic adaptation in C. canephora, which were located in genes involved in plant response to biotic and abiotic stressors. Genomic vulnerability was higher for populations in West Africa and in the region at the border between DRC and Uganda. Despite an overall low correlation between genomic and ecological vulnerability at broad scale, these two components of vulnerability overlap spatially in ways that may become damaging. Genomic vulnerability was estimated to be 23% higher in populations where habitat will be lost in 2050 compared to regions where habitat will remain suitable. These results highlight how ecological and genomic vulnerabilities are relevant when planning on how to cope with climate change regarding an economically important species.}, }
@article {pmid35526639, year = {2022}, author = {Ashrafzadeh, MR and Khosravi, R and Mohammadi, A and Naghipour, AA and Khosnamvand, H and Haidarian, M and Penteriani, V}, title = {Modeling climate change impacts on the distribution of an endangered brown bear population in its critical habitat in Iran.}, journal = {The Science of the total environment}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {155753}, doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155753}, pmid = {35526639}, issn = {1879-1026}, abstract = {Climate change is one of the major challenges to the current conservation of biodiversity. Here, by using the brown bear, Ursus arctos, in the southernmost limit of its global distribution as a model species, we assessed the impact of climate change on the species distribution in western Iran. The mountainous forests of Iran are inhabited by small and isolated populations of brown bears that are prone to extinction in the near future. We modeled the potential impact of climate change on brown bear distribution and habitat connectivity by the years 2050 and 2070 under four representative concentration pathways (RCPs) of two general circulation models (GCMs): BCC-CSM1-1 and MRI-CGCM3. Our projections revealed that the current species' range, which encompasses 6749.8 km2 (40.8%) of the landscape, will decline by 10% (2050: RCP2.6, MRI-CGCM3) to 45% (2070: RCP8.5, BCC-CSM1-1). About 1850 km2 (27.4%) of the current range is covered by a network of conservation (CAs) and no-hunting (NHAs) areas which are predicted to decline by 0.64% (2050: RCP2.6, MRI-CGCM3) to 15.56% (2070: RCP8.5, BCC-CSM1-1) due to climate change. The loss of suitable habitats falling within the network of CAs and NHAs is a conservation challenge for brown bears because it may lead to bears moving outside the CAs and NHAs and result in subsequent increases in the levels of bear-human conflict. Thus, re-evaluation of the network of CAs and NHAs, establishing more protected areas in suitable landscapes, and conserving vital linkages between habitat patches under future climate change scenarios are crucial strategies to conserve and manage endangered populations of the brown bear.}, }
@article {pmid35526395, year = {2022}, author = {Lopes, HS and Remoaldo, PC and Ribeiro, V and Martín-Vide, J}, title = {Pathways for adapting tourism to climate change in an urban destination - Evidences based on thermal conditions for the Porto Metropolitan Area (Portugal).}, journal = {Journal of environmental management}, volume = {315}, number = {}, pages = {115161}, doi = {10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115161}, pmid = {35526395}, issn = {1095-8630}, abstract = {The narrative of sustainable tourism transition in a context of adaptation to climate change is very relevant internationally. The availability and sharing of knowledge and information is a basic requirement for the successful planning of the tourism sector regarding this phenomenon. Planning adaptation in the urban tourism sector is widely regarded as a collectively-based process. However, collaborative planning is far from being the standard. This study reports the results of a Modified Delphi Approach (MDA) among experts about the future of urban tourism in a context of adaptation to climate change in Porto Metropolitan Area (Portugal), considering the outdoor thermal conditions perspective. Using an expert panel, the study gathered their opinions to analyze the degrees of responsibility of the main sectorial entities at different territorial levels, the conditions of action in the transformation agenda and the measures to be implemented in the adaptation and mitigation process - according to priority and time horizon. Two rounds were carried out to apply the methodology between January and April 2021. The first questionnaire had the participation of 47 professionals. 34 out of the 47 professionals of the 1st round participated in the second questionnaire. The evidence from different stakeholders demonstrates that there is an ambiguous process of understanding the problem, information needs, and a weak interaction between actors - resources - tasks. The effectiveness and efficiency of collaborative planning and outlined goals by 2050 for adaptation of urban tourism sector to climate change can be hampered. Experts consider the creation of structural (tangible) measures to be fundamental. Among other results, it was found that most participants consider that the intervention is dependent on the guidelines issued by the government and municipal councils when it comes to defining a proposal for adapting the urban tourism sector to climate change. Despite this, the options for more sustainable practices must be based on three axes: (i) solutions based on the energy sector in the hotel industry (e.g., energy certification, prioritization of the use of renewable energy); (ii) improvement and expansion of green infrastructure for tourist enjoyment [e.g., creation of green areas (small additional pockets), namely in the center of Porto; and pedestrianization of central areas of the city] and (iii) network participation through the collaboration of various stakeholders with relevance in tourism and urban planning.}, }
@article {pmid35525371, year = {2022}, author = {Lincoln, S and Andrews, B and Birchenough, SNR and Chowdhury, P and Engelhard, GH and Harrod, O and Pinnegar, JK and Townhill, BL}, title = {Marine litter and climate change: Inextricably connected threats to the world's oceans.}, journal = {The Science of the total environment}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {155709}, doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155709}, pmid = {35525371}, issn = {1879-1026}, abstract = {The global issues of climate change and marine litter are interlinked and understanding these connections are key to managing their combined risks to marine biodiversity and ultimately society. For example, fossil fuel-based plastics cause direct emissions of greenhouse gases and therefore are an important contributing factor to climate change, while other impacts of plastics can manifest as alterations in key species and habitats in coastal and marine environments. Marine litter is acknowledged as a threat multiplier that acts with other stressors such as climate change to cause far greater damage than if they occurred in isolation. On the other hand, while climate change can lead to increased inputs of litter into the marine environment, the presence of marine litter can also undermine the climate resilience of marine ecosystems. It is no longer possible to ignore that climate change and marine litter are inextricably linked, although these interactions and the resulting effects vary widely across oceanic regions and depend on the particular characteristics of specific marine environments. Holistic climate resilience approaches, that integrate other local stressors as well as active interventions, offer a suitable framework to incorporate the consideration of marine litter where that is deemed to be a risk, and to steer, coordinate and prioritise research and monitoring, as well as management, policy, planning and action to effectively tackle the combined risks and impacts from climate change and marine litter.}, }
@article {pmid35524848, year = {2022}, author = {Kumar, D and Rawat, S}, title = {Modeling the effect of climate change on the distribution of threatened medicinal orchid Satyrium nepalense D. Don in India.}, journal = {Environmental science and pollution research international}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, pmid = {35524848}, issn = {1614-7499}, abstract = {It is vital to understand the distribution area of a threatened plant species for its better conservation and management planning. Satyrium nepalense (family: Orchidaceae) is a threatened terrestrial orchid species with valuable medicinal and nutritional properties. The survival of S. nepalense in wild conditions has been challenged by increasing global surface temperature. Hence, understanding the impact of climate change on its potential distribution is crucial to conserve and restore this species. In present study, Maxent species distribution modeling algorithm was used to simulate the current distribution of S. nepalense in India and predict the possible range shift in projected future climate scenarios. A set of 19 bioclimatic variables from WorldClim database were used to predict the potential suitable habitats in current climatic condition and four Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP 2.6, 4.5, 6.0, and 8.5) scenarios by integrating five General Circulation Models (GCMs) for future distribution modeling of species for the years 2050 and 2070. Furthermore, change analysis was performed to identify the suitable habitat in current and future climate for delineating range expansion (gain), contraction (loss), and stable (no change) habitats of species. The Maxent model predicted that ~ 2.38% of the geographical area in India is presently climatically suitable for S. nepalense. The key bioclimatic variables affecting the distribution of studied species were the mean temperature of warmest quarter, mean temperature of wettest quarter, precipitation of warmest quarter, and temperature seasonality. Under future climate change scenarios, the total suitable habitat of S. nepalense will increase slightly in the Himalayan region and likely to migrate towards northward, but in the Western Ghats region, the suitable areas will be lost severely. The net habitat loss under four RCP scenarios was estimated from 26 to 39% for the year 2050, which could further increase from 47 to 60% by the year 2070. The finding of the predictive Maxent modeling approach indicates that warming climates could significantly affect the potential habitats of S. nepalense and hence suitable conservation measures need to be taken to protect this threatened orchid species in wild conditions.}, }
@article {pmid35523445, year = {2022}, author = {Godlee, F}, title = {Who cares about climate change?.}, journal = {BMJ (Clinical research ed.)}, volume = {377}, number = {}, pages = {o1150}, doi = {10.1136/bmj.o1150}, pmid = {35523445}, issn = {1756-1833}, }
@article {pmid35523276, year = {2022}, author = {He, P and Ma, X and Sun, Z}, title = {Interannual variability in summer climate change controls GPP long-term changes.}, journal = {Environmental research}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {113409}, doi = {10.1016/j.envres.2022.113409}, pmid = {35523276}, issn = {1096-0953}, abstract = {Global environmental change is rapidly altering the dynamics of terrestrial vegetation, with implications for the functioning of the Earth system and the provision of ecosystem services. How vegetation responds to a changing environment is an important scientific issue, but there is a lack of coverage of the relative contributions that long-term variation and interannual variability in vegetation across seasons play in ecosystem response to global change. Here, we used four terrestrial ecosystem models provided by MsTMIP to examine four key environmental drivers of gross primary productivity (GPP) change over the period 1901-2010. Our findings showed that (1) for all seasons, interannual variability in climate change are the main environmental factor controlling seasonal GPP variability. (2) Summer is the key season controlling the variation of annual GPP, and its long-term trend and interannual variability can explain 61.50% of the variation of grassland GPP in China. (3) Interannual variability in summer climate change exceeded the CO2 fertilization effect and nitrogen deposition as the controlling component (more than 40%) of long-term variation in Chinese grassland GPP. These studies highlight the important role of interannual variability in climate in reshaping the seasonality of vegetation growth, and will provide a precursor to future environmental drivers that can be precisely attributed to global vegetation change.}, }
@article {pmid35521539, year = {2022}, author = {Vitillo, JG and Eisaman, MD and Aradóttir, ESP and Passarini, F and Wang, T and Sheehan, SW}, title = {The role of carbon capture, utilization, and storage for economic pathways that limit global warming to below 1.5°C.}, journal = {iScience}, volume = {25}, number = {5}, pages = {104237}, doi = {10.1016/j.isci.2022.104237}, pmid = {35521539}, issn = {2589-0042}, abstract = {The 2021 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) report, for the first time, stated that CO2 removal will be necessary to meet our climate goals. However, there is a cost to accomplish CO2 removal or mitigation that varies by source. Accordingly, a sensible strategy to prevent climate change begins by mitigating emission sources requiring the least energy and capital investment per ton of CO2, such as new emitters and long-term stationary sources. The production of CO2-derived products should also start by favoring processes that bring to market high-value products with sufficient margin to tolerate a higher cost of goods.}, }
@article {pmid35518280, year = {2022}, author = {Hermann, M and Jansen, R and van de Glind, J and Peeters, ETHM and Van den Brink, PJ}, title = {A transportable temperature and heatwave control device (TENTACLE) for laboratory and field simulations of different climate change scenarios in aquatic micro- and mesocosms.}, journal = {HardwareX}, volume = {11}, number = {}, pages = {e00307}, doi = {10.1016/j.ohx.2022.e00307}, pmid = {35518280}, issn = {2468-0672}, abstract = {Future global climate change with higher mean temperatures and increased intensity and frequency of heatwaves as extreme weather events will affect aquatic ecosystems with, yet, unpredictable severity and consequences. Although models suggest increased risk of species extinction up to the year 2050 for series of different climate change scenarios, environmental complexity may result in unconsidered effects of future temperature alterations on ecosystems. Apart from these environmental changes, additional anthropogenic stressors, e.g. chemical release, may cause unprecedented interaction effects on ecosystems. Ongoing efforts to better understand such temperature-chemical interaction effects comprise almost exclusively experimental designs using constant temperature regimes instead of environmentally realistic daily temperature variations. In this paper we describe an Arduino-based temperature and heatwave control device (TENTACLE) that is transportable, inexpensive, multifunctional, and easily reproducible. TENTACLE offers water temperature monitoring and manipulation of up to 3 different climate change-related scenarios: i) natural (ambient) sinusoidal fluctuations (laboratory applications), ii) elevated fluctuations, and iii) heatwaves as extreme events. The use of replaceable heating elements and low-cost materials suitable for field studies creates a high flexibility for researchers who may conduct in- or out-door, small- or large-scale, fresh- or salt-water experiments at different geographical locations.}, }
@article {pmid35515990, year = {2022}, author = {Teixeira, CP and Fernandes, CO and Ahern, J and Farinha-Marques, P}, title = {Plant traits database for climate change adaptation and mitigation in Northwest Portugal.}, journal = {Data in brief}, volume = {42}, number = {}, pages = {108193}, doi = {10.1016/j.dib.2022.108193}, pmid = {35515990}, issn = {2352-3409}, abstract = {The database presented in this data article is related to the article "Adaptive planting design and management framework for urban climate change adaptation and mitigation" [1]. It includes a list of 287 plant species presently occurring in Porto, Portugal, more precisely in urban green spaces with high urban ecological novelty levels. The plant species in this list were classified and organized according to several traits with a particular focus on plant species' adaptation, mitigation, and ornamental characteristics. Data collection resorted to articles, books, and various open access and online datasets. Data were organized in an Excel file that organizes information on more than 50 plant species traits/variables.}, }
@article {pmid35513439, year = {2022}, author = {Reed, KA and Wehner, MF and Zarzycki, CM}, title = {Author Correction: Attribution of 2020 hurricane season extreme rainfall to human-induced climate change.}, journal = {Nature communications}, volume = {13}, number = {1}, pages = {2589}, doi = {10.1038/s41467-022-30242-6}, pmid = {35513439}, issn = {2041-1723}, }
@article {pmid35513405, year = {2022}, author = {Pinke, Z and Decsi, B and Jámbor, A and Kardos, MK and Kern, Z and Kozma, Z and Ács, T}, title = {Climate change and modernization drive structural realignments in European grain production.}, journal = {Scientific reports}, volume = {12}, number = {1}, pages = {7374}, pmid = {35513405}, issn = {2045-2322}, support = {FK20 134547//Nemzeti Kutatási Fejlesztési és Innovációs Hivatal/ ; BME-NVA-02 TKP2021//Nemzeti Kutatási Fejlesztési és Innovációs Hivatal/ ; FK20 134547//Nemzeti Kutatási Fejlesztési és Innovációs Hivatal/ ; FK20 134547//Nemzeti Kutatási Fejlesztési és Innovációs Hivatal/ ; FK20 134547//Nemzeti Kutatási Fejlesztési és Innovációs Hivatal/ ; FK20 134547//Nemzeti Kutatási Fejlesztési és Innovációs Hivatal/ ; }, abstract = {Charting the long-term trends in European wheat and maize yields and harvested areas and the relation of yields to climatic and economic drivers, two profound spatial processes become apparent. One consequence of the relatively late modernization of Eastern Europe has been to shift the focus of grain production from West to East. The warming trend prevailing over the past decades in the summer and winter seasons has been accompanied by a South to North shift in the harvested areas. The combination of these two processes has meant that the north-eastern sector of the European grain chessboard has emerged as the main beneficiary. There, the relatively low sensitivity of cereals to climatic change plus high economic growth rates have been accompanied by the most dynamic increases in cereal yields on the continent. As a result, a modern version of the 3000 year-old grain distribution system of the Ancient World is being restored before our eyes. One noteworthy finding is that increasing January-March temperatures have had a significant positive impact on wheat yields from Northern to South-Eastern Europe, and this is, at least in part, compensating for the negative impact of summer warming.}, }
@article {pmid35513154, year = {2022}, author = {Abd-Elaty, I and Kushwaha, NL and Grismer, ME and Elbeltagi, A and Kuriqi, A}, title = {Cost-effective management measures for coastal aquifers affected by saltwater intrusion and climate change.}, journal = {The Science of the total environment}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {155656}, doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155656}, pmid = {35513154}, issn = {1879-1026}, abstract = {Sustainable management of natural water resources and food security in the face of changing climate conditions is critical to the livelihood of coastal communities. Increasing inundation and saltwater intrusion (SWI) will likely adversely affect agricultural production and the associated beach access for tourism. This study uses an integrated surface-ground water model to introduce a new approach for retardation of SWI that consists of placing aquifer fill materials along the existing shoreline using Coastal Land Reclamation (CLR). The modeling results suggest that the artificial aquifer materials could be designed to decrease SWI by increasing the infiltration area of coastal precipitation, collecting runoffs from the catchment area, and applying treated wastewater or desalinated brackish water-using coastal wave energy to reduce water treatment costs. The SEAWAT model was applied to verify that it correctly addressed Henry's problem and then applied to the Biscayne aquifer, Florida, USA. In this study, to better inform Coastal Aquifer Management (CAM), we developed four modeling scenarios, namely, Physical Surface Barriers (PSB), including the artificial aquifer widths, permeability, and side slopes and recharge. In the base case scenario without artificial aquifer placement, results show that seawater levels would increase aquifer salinity and displace large amounts of presently available fresh groundwater. More specifically, for the Biscayne aquifer, approximately 0.50% of available fresh groundwater will be lost (that is, 41,192 m3) per km of the width of the aquifer considering the increasing seawater level. Furthermore, the results suggest that placing the PSB aquifer with a smaller permeability of <100 m per day at a width of approximately 615 m increases the available fresh groundwater by approximately 45.20 and 43.90% per km of shoreline, respectively. Similarly, decreasing the slope on the aquifer-ocean side and increasing the aquifer recharge will increase freshwater availability by about 43.90 and 44.50% per km of the aquifer. Finally, placing an aquifer fill along the shallow shoreline increases net revenues to the coastal community through increased agricultural production and possibly tourism that offset fill placement and water treatment costs. This study is useful for integrated management of coastal zones by delaying aquifer salinity, protecting fresh groundwater bodies, increasing agricultural lands, supporting surface water supplies by harvesting rainfall and flash flooding, and desalinating saline water using wave energy. Also, the feasibility of freshwater storage and costs for CAM is achieved in this study.}, }
@article {pmid35512599, year = {2022}, author = {Wang, H and Wang, WJ and Liu, Z and Wang, L and Zhang, W and Zou, Y and Jiang, M}, title = {Combined effects of multi-land use decisions and climate change on water-related ecosystem services in Northeast China.}, journal = {Journal of environmental management}, volume = {315}, number = {}, pages = {115131}, doi = {10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115131}, pmid = {35512599}, issn = {1095-8630}, abstract = {Land use intensification and climate change have resulted in substantial changes in the provision of ecosystem services, particularly in China that experienced sharp increases in population growth and demands for goods and energy. To protect the environment and restore the degraded ecosystems, the Chinese government has implemented multiple national ecological restoration projects. Yet, the combined effects of climate change and land use and land cover change (LULCC) over large spatial scales that brace multiple land use decisions and great environmental heterogeneity remain unclear. We assessed the combined effects of LULCC and climate change on water-related ecosystem services (water provision and soil conservation services) from 1990s to 2020s in Northeast China using the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Trade-offs (InVEST) model. We found that water yield decreased by 9.78% and soil retention increased by 30.51% over the past 30 years. LULCC and climate change exerted negative effects on water yield whereas they both enhanced soil retention; LULCC interacted with climate change to have relatively small inhibitory effects on water yield and large facilitation effects on soil retention. Changes in water yield were mainly attributed to climate change, while soil retention was largely influenced by LULCC and its interaction with climate change. Our research highlights the importance of land use decisions and its interactive effects with climate change on ecosystem services in a heavily disturbed temperate region, and provides important information to inform future land management and policy making for sustaining diverse ecosystem services and ensuring human wellbeing.}, }
@article {pmid35512276, year = {2022}, author = {Beechinor, RJ and Overberg, A and Brown, CS and Cummins, S and Mordino, J}, title = {Climate change is here: What will the profession of pharmacy do about it?.}, journal = {American journal of health-system pharmacy : AJHP : official journal of the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1093/ajhp/zxac124}, pmid = {35512276}, issn = {1535-2900}, abstract = {In an effort to expedite the publication of articles related to the COVID-19 pandemic, AJHP is posting these manuscripts online as soon as possible after acceptance. Accepted manuscripts have been peer-reviewed and copyedited, but are posted online before technical formatting and author proofing. These manuscripts are not the final version of record and will be replaced with the final article (formatted per AJHP style and proofed by the authors) at a later time.}, }
@article {pmid35511965, year = {2022}, author = {Liz, AV and Gonçalves, DV and Velo-Antón, G and Brito, JC and Crochet, PA and Rödder, D}, title = {Adapt biodiversity targets to climate change.}, journal = {Science (New York, N.Y.)}, volume = {376}, number = {6593}, pages = {589-590}, doi = {10.1126/science.abo7381}, pmid = {35511965}, issn = {1095-9203}, }
@article {pmid35508975, year = {2022}, author = {Johnson, JV and Dick, JTA and Pincheira-Donoso, D}, title = {Marine protected areas do not buffer corals from bleaching under global warming.}, journal = {BMC ecology and evolution}, volume = {22}, number = {1}, pages = {58}, pmid = {35508975}, issn = {2730-7182}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: The rising temperature of the oceans has been identified as the primary driver of mass coral reef declines via coral bleaching (expulsion of photosynthetic endosymbionts). Marine protected areas (MPAs) have been implemented throughout the oceans with the aim of mitigating the impact of local stressors, enhancing fish biomass, and sustaining biodiversity overall. In coral reef regions specifically, protection from local stressors and the enhanced ecosystem function contributed by MPAs are expected to increase coral resistance to global-scale stressors such as marine heatwaves. However, MPAs still suffer from limitations in design, or fail to be adequately enforced, potentially reducing their intended efficacy. Here, we address the hypothesis that the local-scale benefits resulting from MPAs moderate coral bleaching under global warming related stress.<br><br>RESULTS: Bayesian analyses reveal that bleaching is expected to occur in both larger and older MPAs when corals are under thermal stress from marine heatwaves (quantified as Degree Heating Weeks, DHW), but this is partially moderated in comparison to the effects of DHW alone. Further analyses failed to identify differences in bleaching prevalence in MPAs relative to non-MPAs for coral reefs experiencing different levels of thermal stress. Finally, no difference in temperatures where bleaching occurs between MPA and non-MPA sites was found.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that bleaching is likely to occur under global warming regardless of protected status. Thus, while protected areas have key roles for maintaining ecosystem function and local livelihoods, combatting the source of global warming remains the best way to prevent the decline of coral reefs via coral bleaching.}, }
@article {pmid35508611, year = {2022}, author = {Marquis, B and Bergeron, Y and Houle, D and Leduc, M and Rossi, S}, title = {Variability in frost occurrence under climate change and consequent risk of damage to trees of western Quebec, Canada.}, journal = {Scientific reports}, volume = {12}, number = {1}, pages = {7220}, pmid = {35508611}, issn = {2045-2322}, abstract = {Climate change affects timings, frequency, and intensity of frost events in northern ecosystems. However, our understanding of the impacts that frost will have on growth and survival of plants is still limited. When projecting the occurrence of frost, the internal variability and the different underlying physical formulations are two major sources of uncertainty of climate models. We use 50 climate simulations produced by a single-initial large climate ensemble and five climate simulations produced by different pairs of global and regional climate models based on the concentration pathway (RCP 8.5) over a latitudinal transect covering the temperate and boreal ecosystems of western Quebec, Canada, during 1955-2099 to provide a first-order estimate of the relative importance of these two sources of uncertainty on the occurrence of frost, i.e. when air temperature is < 0 °C, and their potential damage to trees. The variation in the date of the last spring frost was larger by 21 days (from 46 to 25 days) for the 50 climate simulations compared to the 5 different pairs of climate models. When considering these two sources of uncertainty in an eco-physiological model simulating the timings of budbreak for trees of northern environment, results show that 20% of climate simulations expect that trees will be exposed to frost even in 2090. Thus, frost damage to trees remains likely under global warming.}, }
@article {pmid35503479, year = {2022}, author = {Gudko, V and Usatov, A and Denisenko, Y and Duplii, N and Azarin, K}, title = {Dependence of maize yield on hydrothermal factors in various agro-climatic zones of the Rostov region of Russia in the context of climate change.}, journal = {International journal of biometeorology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, pmid = {35503479}, issn = {1432-1254}, support = {0852-2020-0029//Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation/ ; }, abstract = {Trends in mean monthly temperature and precipitation during the growing season and their effects on the maize yield were analyzed at the Zimovnikovsky (Zim) and Rostov (Ros) state variety plots (SVPs), located in different agro-climatic zones of the Rostov region. For these two SVPs, in the period of 1975-2019, the Mann-Kendall test showed a statistically significant increase (p < 0.05) in mean temperature (0.70 and 0.52 °C/decade) and a trend of decreased total precipitation (- 14.81 and - 10.40 mm/decade) during the maize growing season. The dependence of the maize yield on hydrothermal factors was estimated for the period of 2011-2019 using the Pearson correlation coefficient (p < 0.05). The mean temperature in September at Zim negatively (r = - 0.78), and in June at Ros positively (r = 0.77) correlated with yield, which explained, according to the value of the coefficient of determination (R2), up to 60.7% and 58.7%, respectively, of the interannual variability of the maize yield. The precipitation in July at the Zim and Ros positively correlated (r = 0.75 and r = 0.71) with yield and explained up to 55.9% and 50.6%, respectively, of the interannual variability of the maize yield. The total amount of precipitation during the growing season at Zim was the dominant factor, explaining up to 75.7% of the interannual variability of maize yield. The continuation of the observed climatic trends during the growing season could lead in the next decade to both a decrease in the maize yield by an average of 0.25 t/ha at Zim and an increase in the maize yield by an average of 0.42 t/ha at Ros.}, }
@article {pmid35502001, year = {2022}, author = {Dickson, K and Cooper, K and Gardiner, MD}, title = {Perspectives on climate change: can hand surgery go carbon neutral?.}, journal = {The Journal of hand surgery, European volume}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {17531934221096786}, doi = {10.1177/17531934221096786}, pmid = {35502001}, issn = {2043-6289}, }
@article {pmid35500118, year = {2022}, author = {Chen, J and Montañez, IP and Zhang, S and Isson, TT and Macarewich, SI and Planavsky, NJ and Zhang, F and Rauzi, S and Daviau, K and Yao, L and Qi, YP and Wang, Y and Fan, JX and Poulsen, CJ and Anbar, AD and Shen, SZ and Wang, XD}, title = {Marine anoxia linked to abrupt global warming during Earth's penultimate icehouse.}, journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America}, volume = {119}, number = {19}, pages = {e2115231119}, doi = {10.1073/pnas.2115231119}, pmid = {35500118}, issn = {1091-6490}, support = {EAR1338281; EAR1338200//National Science Foundation (NSF)/ ; 42072035//National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)/ ; }, abstract = {SignificanceMassive carbon (C) release with abrupt warming has occurred repeatedly during greenhouse states, and these events have driven episodes of ocean deoxygenation and extinction. Records from these paleo events, coupled with biogeochemical modeling, provide clear evidence that with continued warming, the modern oceans will experience substantial deoxygenation. There are, however, few constraints from the geologic record on the effects of rapid warming under icehouse conditions. We document a C-cycle perturbation that occurred under an Earth system state experiencing recurrent glaciation. A suite of proxies suggests increased seafloor anoxia during this event in step with abrupt increase in CO2 partial pressure and a biodiversity nadir. Warming-mediated increases in marine anoxia may be more pronounced in a glaciated versus unglaciated climate state.}, }
@article {pmid35499999, year = {2022}, author = {, }, title = {Expression of Concern: A Global Meta-Analysis on the Impact of Management Practices on Net Global Warming Potential and Greenhouse Gas Intensity from Cropland Soils.}, journal = {PloS one}, volume = {17}, number = {5}, pages = {e0268102}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0268102}, pmid = {35499999}, issn = {1932-6203}, }
@article {pmid35499659, year = {2022}, author = {Rosa, LH and Ogaki, MB and Lirio, JM and Vieira, R and Coria, SH and Pinto, OHB and Carvalho-Silva, M and Convey, P and Rosa, CA and Câmara, PEAS}, title = {Fungal diversity in a sediment core from climate change impacted Boeckella Lake, Hope Bay, north-eastern Antarctic Peninsula assessed using metabarcoding.}, journal = {Extremophiles : life under extreme conditions}, volume = {26}, number = {2}, pages = {16}, pmid = {35499659}, issn = {1433-4909}, abstract = {We studied the fungal DNA present in a lake sediment core obtained from Trinity Peninsula, Hope Bay, north-eastern Antarctic Peninsula, using metabarcoding through high-throughput sequencing (HTS). Sequences obtained were assigned to 146 amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) primarily representing unknown fungi, followed by the phyla Ascomycota, Rozellomycota, Basidiomycota, Chytridiomycota and Mortierellomycota. The most abundant taxa were assigned to Fungal sp., Pseudeurotium hygrophilum, Rozellomycota sp. 1, Pseudeurotiaceae sp. 1 and Chytridiomycota sp. 1. The majority of the DNA reads, representing 40 ASVs, could only be assigned at higher taxonomic levels and may represent taxa not currently included in the sequence databases consulted and/or be previously undescribed fungi. Different sections of the core were characterized by high sequence diversity, richness and moderate ecological dominance indices. The assigned diversity was dominated by cosmopolitan cold-adapted fungi, including known saprotrophic, plant and animal pathogenic and symbiotic taxa. Despite the overall dominance of Ascomycota and Basidiomycota and psychrophilic Mortierellomycota, members of the cryptic phyla Rozellomycota and Chytridiomycota were also detected in abundance. As Boeckella Lake may cease to exist in approaching decades due the effects of local climatic changes, it also an important location for the study of the impacts of these changes on Antarctic microbial diversity.}, }
@article {pmid35498552, year = {2022}, author = {Pozio, E}, title = {The impact of globalization and climate change on Trichinella spp. epidemiology.}, journal = {Food and waterborne parasitology}, volume = {27}, number = {}, pages = {e00154}, doi = {10.1016/j.fawpar.2022.e00154}, pmid = {35498552}, issn = {2405-6766}, abstract = {The main reservoir hosts of nematodes of the genus Trichinella are wild carnivores, although most human infections are caused by the consumption of pork. This group of zoonotic parasites completes the entire natural life cycle within the host organism. However, there is an important phase of the cycle that has only been highlighted in recent years and which concerns the permanence of the infecting larvae in the striated muscles of the host carcasses waiting to be ingested by a new host. To survive in this unique biological niche, Trichinella spp. larvae have developed an anaerobic metabolism for their survival in rotting carcasses and, for some species, a resistance to freezing for months or years in cold regions. Climate changes with increasingly temperatures and reduction of environmental humidity lower the survival time of larvae in host carcasses. In addition, environmental changes affect the biology and ecology of the main host species, reducing their number and age composition due to natural habitat fragmentation caused by increasing human settlements, extensive monocultures, increasing number of food animals, and reduction of trophic chains and biodiversity. All of these factors lead to a reduction in biological and environmental complexity that is the key to the natural host-parasite balance. In conclusion, Trichinella nematodes can be considered as an indicator of a health natural ecosystem.}, }
@article {pmid35491908, year = {2022}, author = {Yuan, S and Lu, H}, title = {Examining a conceptual framework of aggressive and humorous styles in science YouTube videos about climate change and vaccination.}, journal = {Public understanding of science (Bristol, England)}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {9636625221091490}, doi = {10.1177/09636625221091490}, pmid = {35491908}, issn = {1361-6609}, abstract = {The current study investigated how individuals process aggressive and humorous video messages communicating childhood vaccination and climate change. Employing psychological reactance, message discounting and expectancy violation, we built a theoretical model that explains the effects of communication styles on individuals' activism intentions. Two online experiments in the United States (N = 441 and N = 533) using self-created videos on the topics of childhood vaccination and climate change were conducted to examine this model. The results showed that both perceived aggressiveness and humorousness of the videos led to higher message discounting, which then resulted in stronger activism intentions. Perceived aggressiveness led to higher expectancy violation, while perceived humorousness led to lower expectancy violation, which negatively affected activism intentions. The role played by psychological reactance was inconsistent across the two contexts. The findings provide theoretical implications for understanding how individuals process aggressive and humorous communication styles, especially in relation to discussions on science issues.}, }
@article {pmid35491448, year = {2022}, author = {Tang, Y and Qiu, S and Li, Q and Di, G and Wang, J and Sun, H}, title = {Simulated global climate change benefits the nutritive value of oat grass.}, journal = {Plant biology (Stuttgart, Germany)}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1111/plb.13432}, pmid = {35491448}, issn = {1438-8677}, abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Numerous data demonstrate that global climate change affects crop yield and quality. However, the effect of climate change on the nutritive value of forage remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the nutritional value of oat grass under conditions of global climate change.<br><br>METHODS: Oat grass (Avena sativa L.) was used as a representative forage to understand the changes in yield and chemical composition. The growth of oat grass under elevated temperature and carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration conditions was simulated via a 51-day growth experiment inside open-top chambers. The oat grass was harvested during the heading period and its yield, nutrient content, macro- and micro-mineral content, and in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) were determined.<br><br>RESULTS: The fresh and dry yield, mineral P and Fe content, and IVDMD of oat grass increased with increasing CO2 concentration (P<0.05). As temperature increased, the dry matter yield and soluble sugar content of oat grass decreased and the content of Na, Mg, P, S, Ca, Mn, Fe, Cu, and Zn increased (P<0.05), while IVDMD was not significantly affected. Under the interactive conditions of increasing CO2 concentration and temperature, the content of Mg, P, S, Ca, Mn, and IVDMD of oat grass increased (P<0.05); however, there was no significant effect on the yield of oat grass.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Climate change may result in oat grass with more digestible nutrients and minerals for ruminants.}, }
@article {pmid35489515, year = {2022}, author = {Hidalgo-Galvez, MD and Barkaoui, K and Volaire, F and Matías, L and Cambrollé, J and Fernández-Rebollo, P and Carbonero, MD and Pérez-Ramos, IM}, title = {Can trees buffer the impact of climate change on pasture production and digestibility of Mediterranean dehesas?.}, journal = {The Science of the total environment}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {155535}, doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155535}, pmid = {35489515}, issn = {1879-1026}, abstract = {Sustainability and functioning of silvopastoral ecosystems are being threatened by the forecasted warmer and drier environments in the Mediterranean region. Scattered trees of these ecosystems could potentially mitigate the impact of climate change on herbaceous plant community but this issue has not yet tested experimentally. We carried out a field manipulative experiment of increased temperature (+2-3 °C) using Open Top Chambers and rainfall reduction (30%) through rain-exclusion shelters to evaluate how net primary productivity and digestibility respond to climate change over three consecutive years, and to test whether scattered trees could buffer the effects of higher aridity in Mediterranean dehesas. First, we observed that herbaceous communities located beneath tree canopy were less productive (351 g/m2) than in open grassland (493 g/m2) but had a higher digestibility (44% and 41%, respectively), likely promoted by tree shade and the higher soil fertility of this habitat. Second, both habitats responded similarly to climate change in terms of net primary productivity, with a 33% increase under warming and a 13% decrease under reduced rainfall. In contrast, biomass digestibility decreased under increased temperatures (-7.5%), since warming enhanced the fiber and lignin content and decreased the crude protein content of aerial biomass. This warming-induced effect on biomass digestibility only occurred in open grasslands, suggesting a buffering role of trees in mitigating the impact of climate change. Third, warming did not only affect these ecosystem processes in a direct way but also indirectly via changes in plant functional composition. Our findings suggest that climate change will alter both the quantity and quality of pasture production, with expected warmer conditions increasing net primary productivity but at the expense of reducing digestibility. This negative effect of warming on digestibility might be mitigated by scattered trees, highlighting the importance of implementing strategies and suitable management to control tree density in these ecosystems.}, }
@article {pmid35489093, year = {2022}, author = {Capparelli, MV and McNamara, JC and Thurman, CL and Pérez-Ceballos, R and Gómez-Ponce, MA and Cardoso-Mohedanoa, JG and Moulatlet, GM}, title = {Can tolerances of multiple stressors and calculated safety margins in fiddler crabs predict responses to extreme environmental conditions resulting from climate change?.}, journal = {Marine pollution bulletin}, volume = {179}, number = {}, pages = {113674}, doi = {10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.113674}, pmid = {35489093}, issn = {1879-3363}, abstract = {To comprehend mangrove crab responses to predicted global climate changes, we assessed submersion and desiccation survival durations and salinity tolerances and upper thermal limits in fiddler crabs from Isla del Carmen, Yucatán Peninsula. Based on their tolerances of extreme ambient conditions, we also calculated safety margins using abiotic monitoring data. The two most terrestrial species, Minuca rapax and Leptuca panacea, exhibited submersion tolerances of from 22 to 40 h, and desiccation tolerances of from 30 to 55 h; LC50's were ≈45‰S and UT50's were ≈40 °C. The two least terrestrial species, M. vocator and L. speciosa, were less tolerant of all experimental challenges, showing submersion and desiccation tolerances of <6 h, and LC50's of 36‰S and UT50's of 38 °C. While these fiddler crabs inhabit niches closer to their salinity and desiccation/submersion tolerances than to their temperature limits, all are clearly vulnerable to the multiple stressors that accompany anticipated global climate change.}, }
@article {pmid35488802, year = {2022}, author = {Resnik, DB}, title = {Environmental justice and climate change policies.}, journal = {Bioethics}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1111/bioe.13042}, pmid = {35488802}, issn = {1467-8519}, abstract = {Climate change is an environmental justice issue because it is likely to cause disproportionate harm to low-income countries and low-income populations in higher-income countries. While climate change mitigation and adaptation policies may be able to minimize these harms, they could make them worse unless they are developed and implemented with an eye toward promoting justice and fairness. Those who view climate change as an environmental justice issue should be wary of endorsing policies that sound like they promote the cause of social and economic justice, but in fact do not. While climate change policies may help to mitigate the effects of climate change on poor people, there is no guarantee that they will be just at the local, national, or global level. Those who care about global climate justice must remain actively engaged in policy formation and implementation to ensure that justice does not get shortchanged in the response to global warming.}, }
@article {pmid35488493, year = {2022}, author = {Liu, H and Ye, Q and Simpson, KJ and Cui, E and Xia, J}, title = {Can evolutionary history predict plant plastic responses to climate change?.}, journal = {The New phytologist}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1111/nph.18194}, pmid = {35488493}, issn = {1469-8137}, abstract = {Plant plastic responses are critical to the adaptation and survival of species under climate change, but whether they are constrained by evolutionary history (phylogeny) is largely unclear. Plant leaf traits are key in determining plants' performance in different environments, and if these traits and their variation are phylogenetically dependent, predictions could be made to identify species vulnerable to climate change. We compiled data on three leaf traits (photosynthetic rate, specific leaf area, and leaf nitrogen content) of 434 species and their variation under four environmental change scenarios (warming, drought, elevated CO2 , or nitrogen addition) from 210 manipulation experiments. We found phylogenetic signal in the three traits but not in their variation under the four scenarios. This indicates that closely related species show similar traits but that their plastic responses could not be predicted from species relatedness under environmental change. Meanwhile, phylogeny weakened but did not change directions of conventional pairwise trait relationships, suggesting the co-evolved leaf trait pairs have consistent responses across contrasting environmental conditions. Phylogeny can identify lineages rich in species showing similar traits and predict their relationships under climate change, but the degree of plant phenotypic variation does not vary consistently across evolutionary clades.}, }
@article {pmid35488161, year = {2022}, author = {Islam, MM and Chowdhury, MAM and Begum, RA and Amir, AA}, title = {Correction to: A bibliometric analysis on the research trends of climate change effects on economic vulnerability.}, journal = {Environmental science and pollution research international}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1007/s11356-022-20524-3}, pmid = {35488161}, issn = {1614-7499}, }
@article {pmid35488120, year = {2022}, author = {Lyam, PT and Duque-Lazo, J and Hauenschild, F and Schnitzler, J and Muellner-Riehl, AN and Greve, M and Ndangalasi, H and Myburgh, A and Durka, W}, title = {Climate change will disproportionally affect the most genetically diverse lineages of a widespread African tree species.}, journal = {Scientific reports}, volume = {12}, number = {1}, pages = {7035}, pmid = {35488120}, issn = {2045-2322}, support = {(Grant no. 91562729)//The German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD)/ ; (projects MU 2934/2-1 and MU 2934/3-1)//German Science Foundation/ ; (BMBF grant no. 16GW0120K)//the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research/ ; }, abstract = {Global climate change is proceeding at an alarming rate with major ecological and genetic consequences for biodiversity, particularly in drylands. The response of species to climate change may differ between intraspecific genetic groups, with major implications for conservation. We used molecular data from 10 nuclear and two chloroplast genomes to identify phylogeographic groups within 746 individuals from 29 populations of Senegalia senegal, a savannah tree species in sub-Saharan Africa. Three phylogroups are identified corresponding to Sudano-Sahelian, Zambezian and Southern African biogeographic regions in West, East and Southern Africa. Genetic diversity was highest in Southern and Zambesian and lowest in the Sudano-Sahelian phylogroups. Using species distribution modeling, we infer highly divergent future distributions of the phylogroups under three climate change scenarios. Climate change will lead to severe reductions of distribution area of the genetically diverse Zambezian (- 41-- 54%) and Southern (- 63-- 82%) phylogroups, but to an increase for the genetically depauperate Sudano-Sahelian (+ 7- + 26%) phylogroups. This study improves our understanding of the impact of climate change on the future distribution of this species. This knowledge is particularly useful for biodiversity management as the conservation of genetic resources needs to be considered in complementary strategies of in-situ conservation and assisted migration.}, }
@article {pmid35486362, year = {2022}, author = {Coverdale, J and Seritan, AL and Brenner, AM}, title = {Calling to Action Our Personal Behaviors in Mitigating Climate Change.}, journal = {Academic psychiatry : the journal of the American Association of Directors of Psychiatric Residency Training and the Association for Academic Psychiatry}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, pmid = {35486362}, issn = {1545-7230}, }
@article {pmid35484346, year = {2022}, author = {Gilbert, N}, title = {Climate change will force new animal encounters - and boost viral outbreaks.}, journal = {Nature}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, pmid = {35484346}, issn = {1476-4687}, }
@article {pmid35483403, year = {2022}, author = {Carlson, CJ and Albery, GF and Merow, C and Trisos, CH and Zipfel, CM and Eskew, EA and Olival, KJ and Ross, N and Bansal, S}, title = {Climate change increases cross-species viral transmission risk.}, journal = {Nature}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-022-04788-w}, pmid = {35483403}, issn = {1476-4687}, support = {NSF BII-2021909//National Science Foundation (NSF)/ ; NSF DBI-1639145//National Science Foundation (NSF)/ ; BII-2021909//National Science Foundation (NSF)/ ; NSF DBI-1639145//National Science Foundation (NSF)/ ; PREDICT//United States Agency for International Development (U.S. Agency for International Development)/ ; PREDICT//United States Agency for International Development (U.S. Agency for International Development)/ ; PREDICT//United States Agency for International Development (U.S. Agency for International Development)/ ; }, abstract = {At least 10,000 virus species have the capacity to infect humans, but at present, the vast majority are circulating silently in wild mammals1,2. However, climate and land use change will produce novel opportunities for viral sharing among previously geographically-isolated species of wildlife3,4. In some cases, this will facilitate zoonotic spillover-a mechanistic link between global environmental change and disease emergence. Here, we simulate potential hotspots of future viral sharing, using a phylogeographic model of the mammal-virus network, and projections of geographic range shifts for 3,139 mammal species under climate change and land use scenarios for the year 2070. We predict that species will aggregate in new combinations at high elevations, in biodiversity hotspots, and in areas of high human population density in Asia and Africa, driving the novel cross-species transmission of their viruses an estimated 4,000 times. Because of their unique dispersal capacity, bats account for the majority of novel viral sharing, and are likely to share viruses along evolutionary pathways that will facilitate future emergence in humans. Surprisingly, we find that this ecological transition may already be underway, and holding warming under 2 °C within the century will not reduce future viral sharing. Our findings highlight an urgent need to pair viral surveillance and discovery efforts with biodiversity surveys tracking species' range shifts, especially in tropical regions that harbor the most zoonoses and are experiencing rapid warming.}, }
@article {pmid35482718, year = {2022}, author = {Hernandez, K and Madeira, C}, title = {The impact of climate change on economic output across industries in Chile.}, journal = {PloS one}, volume = {17}, number = {4}, pages = {e0266811}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0266811}, pmid = {35482718}, issn = {1932-6203}, abstract = {Using region-industry panel data for Chile over the period 1985 to 2017, we find no effect of precipitation changes on GDP and a negative impact of higher summer temperatures on Agriculture-Silviculture and Fishing. An increase of one Celsius degree in the month of January implies a 3% and 12% GDP reduction in Agriculture and Fishing, respectively. There is also a negative effect of higher temperatures in January on Construction and Electricity, Gas, and Water. Our analysis suggests that climate change did not have a big impact on the Chilean economy during this period. Stress test exercises that select only the negative and statistically significant coefficients imply that the Chilean GDP would fall between -14.8% and -9% in 2050 and between -29.6% and -16.8% in 2100, according to our model.}, }
@article {pmid35482218, year = {2022}, author = {Saad-Hussein, A and Ramadan, HK and Bareedy, A and Elwakil, R}, title = {Role of Climate Change in Changing Hepatic Health Maps.}, journal = {Current environmental health reports}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, pmid = {35482218}, issn = {2196-5412}, abstract = {PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Climate change (CC) is currently responsible for global weather extremes. These weather extremes could contribute to changes in the pattern of health problems. The purpose of this review is to discuss the role of CC on remapping of hepatic diseases and the mechanisms of re-mapping.<br><br>RECENT FINDINGS: CC was found to have a major influence on the distribution and severity of hepatic diseases, such as outbreaks of vector-borne, water or food-borne, parasitic diseases, re-emerging of disappeared diseases, or emerging of new forms of infectious agents. Migration of infected people from endemic areas due to the CC disasters results in rapid dissemination of infectious diseases that leads to outbreaks or endemicity of diseases in new areas. CC could cause increasing chemical emissions, or change in its biodegradability, or restriction in its dispersion, such as PM, PAHs, heavy metals, mycotoxins, and aquatic toxins. Increase in the concentrations of these chemicals may have significant impacts in changing the health map of hepatic toxicity and liver cancer. The current review confirms the role of CC in changing the pattern of several liver health problems and remapping of these problems in several regions of the world. This review could be of high importance to the health decision-makers as an early alarm and prediction of hepatic health problems with the projected CC.}, }
@article {pmid35477762, year = {2022}, author = {Free, CM and Cabral, RB and Froehlich, HE and Battista, W and Ojea, E and O'Reilly, E and Palardy, JE and García Molinos, J and Siegel, KJ and Arnason, R and Juinio-Meñez, MA and Fabricius, K and Turley, C and Gaines, SD}, title = {Expanding ocean food production under climate change.}, journal = {Nature}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, pmid = {35477762}, issn = {1476-4687}, abstract = {As the human population and demand for food grow1, the ocean will be called on to provide increasing amounts of seafood. Although fisheries reforms and advances in offshore aquaculture (hereafter 'mariculture') could increase production2, the true future of seafood depends on human responses to climate change3. Here we investigated whether coordinated reforms in fisheries and mariculture could increase seafood production per capita under climate change. We find that climate-adaptive fisheries reforms will be necessary but insufficient to maintain global seafood production per capita, even with aggressive reductions in greenhouse-gas emissions. However, the potential for sustainable mariculture to increase seafood per capita is vast and could increase seafood production per capita under all but the most severe emissions scenario. These increases are contingent on fisheries reforms, continued advances in feed technology and the establishment of effective mariculture governance and best practices. Furthermore, dramatically curbing emissions is essential for reducing inequities, increasing reform efficacy and mitigating risks unaccounted for in our analysis. Although climate change will challenge the ocean's ability to meet growing food demands, the ocean could produce more food than it does currently through swift and ambitious action to reduce emissions, reform capture fisheries and expand sustainable mariculture operations.}, }
@article {pmid35477448, year = {2022}, author = {Krsulovic, FAM and Moulton, TP and Lima, M and Jaksic, F}, title = {Epidemic malaria dynamics in Ethiopia: the role of self-limiting, poverty, HIV, climate change and human population growth.}, journal = {Malaria journal}, volume = {21}, number = {1}, pages = {135}, pmid = {35477448}, issn = {1475-2875}, support = {319001//fondecyt/ ; PQ 302121/2019-6//cnpq/ ; FB0002//anid pia/basal/ ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: During the last two decades, researchers have suggested that the changes of malaria cases in African highlands were driven by climate change. Recently, a study claimed that the malaria cases (Plasmodium falciparum) in Oromia (Ethiopia) were related to minimum temperature. Critics highlighted that other variables could be involved in the dynamics of the malaria. The literature mentions that beyond climate change, trends in malaria cases could be involved with HIV, human population size, poverty, investments in health control programmes, among others.<br><br>METHODS: Population ecologists have developed a simple framework, which helps to explore the contributions of endogenous (density-dependent) and exogenous processes on population dynamics. Both processes may operate to determine the dynamic behaviour of a particular population through time. Briefly, density-dependent (endogenous process) occurs when the per capita population growth rate (R) is determined by the previous population size. An exogenous process occurs when some variable affects another but is not affected by the changes it causes. This study explores the dynamics of malaria cases (Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax) in Oromia region in Ethiopia and explores the interaction between minimum temperature, HIV, poverty, human population size and social instability.<br><br>RESULTS: The results support that malaria dynamics showed signs of a negative endogenous process between R and malaria infectious class, and a weak evidence to support the climate change hypothesis.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Poverty, HIV, population size could interact to force malaria models parameters explaining the dynamics malaria observed at Ethiopia from 1985 to 2007.}, }
@article {pmid35476382, year = {2021}, author = {Hussaini, N and Coughlan, L and Flynn, D and Miller, P and Daly, TK and Crowley, B and Hussaini, A}, title = {The Impact of Climate Change on Healthcare.}, journal = {Irish medical journal}, volume = {114}, number = {7}, pages = {422}, pmid = {35476382}, issn = {0332-3102}, }
@article {pmid35475552, year = {2022}, author = {van Woesik, R and Shlesinger, T and Grottoli, AG and Toonen, RJ and Vega Thurber, R and Warner, ME and Marie Hulver, A and Chapron, L and McLachlan, RH and Albright, R and Crandall, E and DeCarlo, TM and Donovan, MK and Eirin-Lopez, J and Harrison, HB and Heron, SF and Huang, D and Humanes, A and Krueger, T and Madin, JS and Manzello, D and McManus, LC and Matz, M and Muller, EM and Rodriguez-Lanetty, M and Vega-Rodriguez, M and Voolstra, CR and Zaneveld, J}, title = {Coral-bleaching responses to climate change across biological scales.}, journal = {Global change biology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1111/gcb.16192}, pmid = {35475552}, issn = {1365-2486}, support = {OCE 1829393//Division of Ocean Sciences/ ; OCE 1838667//Division of Ocean Sciences/ ; }, abstract = {The global impacts of climate change are evident in every marine ecosystem. On coral reefs, mass coral bleaching and mortality have emerged as ubiquitous responses to ocean warming, yet one of the greatest challenges of this epiphenomenon is linking information across scientific disciplines and spatial and temporal scales. Here we review some of the seminal and recent coral-bleaching discoveries from an ecological, physiological, and molecular perspective. We also evaluate which data and processes can improve predictive models and provide a conceptual framework that integrates measurements across biological scales. Taking an integrative approach across biological and spatial scales, using for example hierarchical models to estimate major coral-reef processes, will not only rapidly advance coral-reef science but will also provide necessary information to guide decision-making and conservation efforts. To conserve reefs, we encourage implementing mesoscale sanctuaries (thousands of km2) that transcend national boundaries. Such networks of protected reefs will provide reef connectivity, through larval dispersal that transverse thermal environments, and genotypic repositories that may become essential units of selection for environmentally diverse locations. Together, multinational networks may be the best chance corals have to persist through climate change, while humanity struggles to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases to net zero.}, }
@article {pmid35474920, year = {2022}, author = {Kerbl, R}, title = {[Climate change-The anxiety of the young].}, journal = {Monatsschrift Kinderheilkunde : Organ der Deutschen Gesellschaft fur Kinderheilkunde}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {1-2}, doi = {10.1007/s00112-022-01483-y}, pmid = {35474920}, issn = {0026-9298}, }
@article {pmid35472357, year = {2022}, author = {Beltrán-Sanz, N and Raggio, J and Gonzalez, S and Grande, FD and Prost, S and Green, A and Pintado, A and Sancho, LG}, title = {Climate change leads to higher NPP at the end of the century in the Antarctic Tundra: Response patterns through the lens of lichens.}, journal = {The Science of the total environment}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {155495}, doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155495}, pmid = {35472357}, issn = {1879-1026}, abstract = {Poikilohydric autotrophs are the main colonizers of the permanent ice-free areas in the Antarctic tundra biome. Global climate warming and the small human footprint in this ecosystem make it especially vulnerable to abrupt changes. Elucidating the effects of climate change on the Antarctic ecosystem is challenging because it mainly comprises poikilohydric species, which are greatly influenced by microtopographic factors. In the present study, we investigated the potential effects of climate change on the metabolic activity and net primary photosynthesis (NPP) in the widespread lichen species Usnea aurantiaco-atra. Long-term monitoring of chlorophyll a fluorescence in the field was combined with photosynthetic performance measurements in laboratory experiments in order to establish the daily response patterns under biotic and abiotic factors at micro- and macro-scales. Our findings suggest that macroclimate is a poor predictor of NPP, thereby indicating that microclimate is the main driver due to the strong effects of microtopographic factors on cryptogams. Metabolic activity is also crucial for estimating the NPP, which is highly dependent on the type, distribution, and duration of the hydration sources available throughout the year. Under RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5, metabolic activity will increase slightly compared with that at present due to the increased precipitation events predicted in MIROC5. Temperature is highlighted as the main driver for NPP projections, and thus climate warming will lead to an average increase in NPP of 167-171% at the end of the century. However, small changes in other drivers such as light and relative humidity may strongly modify the metabolic activity patterns of poikilohydric autotrophs, and thus their NPP. Species with similar physiological response ranges to the species investigated in the present study are expected to behave in a similar manner provided that liquid water is available.}, }
@article {pmid35470521, year = {2022}, author = {Arifanti, VB and Kauffman, JB and Subarno,  and Ilman, M and Tosiani, A and Novita, N}, title = {Contributions of mangrove conservation and restoration to climate change mitigation in Indonesia.}, journal = {Global change biology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1111/gcb.16216}, pmid = {35470521}, issn = {1365-2486}, abstract = {Mangrove forests are important carbon sinks and this is especially true for Indonesia where about 24% of the world's mangroves exist. Unfortunately, vast expanses of these mangroves have been deforested, degraded or converted to other uses resulting in significant greenhouse gas emissions. The objective of this study was to quantify the climate change mitigation potential of mangrove conservation and restoration in Indonesia. We calculated the emission factors from the dominant land uses in mangroves, determined mangrove deforestation rates and quantified the total emissions and the potential emission reductions that could be achieved from mangrove conservation and restoration. Based upon our analysis of the carbon stocks and emissions from land use in mangroves we found: (1) Indonesia's mangrove ecosystem carbon stocks are amongst the highest of any tropical forest type; (2) mangrove deforestation results in greenhouse gas emissions that far exceed that of upland tropical deforestation; (3) in the last decade the rates of deforestation in Indonesian mangroves have remained high; and (4) conservation and restoration of mangroves promise to sequester significant quantities of carbon. While mangroves comprise only ≈2.6% of Indonesia's total forest area, their degradation and deforestation accounted for ≈10% of total greenhouse gas emissions arising from the forestry sector. The large source of greenhouse gas emissions from a relatively small proportion of the forest area underscores the value for inclusion of mangroves as a natural climate solution (NCS). Mangrove conservation is far more effective than mangrove restoration in carbon emissions reductions and an efficient pathway to achieve Indonesia's nationally determined contribution (NDC) targets. The potential emission reduction from halting deforestation of primary and secondary mangroves coupled with restoration activities could result in an emission reduction equivalent to 8% of Indonesia's 2030 NDC emission reduction targets from the forestry sector.}, }
@article {pmid35468138, year = {2022}, author = {Nguyen, TVH}, title = {Welfare impact of climate change on capture fisheries in Vietnam.}, journal = {PloS one}, volume = {17}, number = {4}, pages = {e0264997}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0264997}, pmid = {35468138}, issn = {1932-6203}, abstract = {Fisheries are forecasted to shrink in the tropics due to climate change. In Vietnam, fisheries are a pro-poor economic sector and essential nutrition source; however, welfares of producers and consumers in the climate change context are not well understood. While most studies focus on the gains or losses of total products and revenues, this paper pays additional attention to the changes in surpluses of market players in the long run. A combination of the production function, demand and supply functions, and partial equilibrium analysis is employed to measure the production and welfare impacts based on time series data from 1976 to 2018 and a Vietnam household living standards survey in 2018. The results show that relative to the present, catch yield is likely to reduce 35%-45% by mid-century and 45%-80% by the end of the century. Consumers may lose their surplus of 7-9 billion USD (PPP, 2018) by 2035 and 10-18 billion USD by 2065 due to supply reduction, while producers may gain additional profit of 3.5-4.5 billion USD by 2035 and 5-9 billion USD by 2065 owing to a price increase. The research findings suggest that Vietnam could impose measures to limit capture effort, as set out in the Law of Fisheries 2017, without harming fisher welfare. The expansion of aquaculture could reduce the gap between supply and demand of wild fish to mitigate consumer welfare loss; however, this impact is still ambiguous.}, }
@article {pmid35467910, year = {2022}, author = {Fischer, H and Huff, M and Said, N}, title = {Polarized climate change beliefs: No evidence for science literacy driving motivated reasoning in a U.S. national study.}, journal = {The American psychologist}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1037/amp0000982}, pmid = {35467910}, issn = {1935-990X}, abstract = {A substantial literature shows that public polarization over climate change in the U.S. is most pronounced among the science literate. A dominant explanation for this phenomenon is that science literacy amplifies motivated reasoning, the tendency to interpret evidence such that it confirms prior beliefs. The present study tests the biasing account of science literacy in a study among the U.S. population that investigated both interpretation of climate change evidence and repeated belief-updating. Results replicated the typical correlational pattern of political polarization as a function of science literacy. However, results delivered little support for the core causal claim of the biasing account-that science literacy drives motivated reasoning. Hence, these results speak against a mechanism whereby science literacy driving motivated reasoning could explain polarized climate change beliefs among the science literate. This study adds to our growing understanding of the role of science literacy for public beliefs about contested science. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).}, }
@article {pmid35466592, year = {2022}, author = {Iglesias, A}, title = {On the risk of climate change on agriculture and water resources.}, journal = {Integrated environmental assessment and management}, volume = {18}, number = {3}, pages = {595-596}, doi = {10.1002/ieam.4606}, pmid = {35466592}, issn = {1551-3793}, }
@article {pmid35465308, year = {2022}, author = {Cheng, SH and Costedoat, S and Sterling, EJ and Chamberlain, C and Jagadish, A and Lichtenthal, P and Nowakowski, AJ and Taylor, A and Tinsman, J and Canty, SWJ and Holland, MB and Jones, KW and Mills, M and Morales-Hidalgo, D and Sprenkle-Hyppolite, S and Wiggins, M and Mascia, MB and Muñoz Brenes, CL}, title = {What evidence exists on the links between natural climate solutions and climate change mitigation outcomes in subtropical and tropical terrestrial regions? A systematic map protocol.}, journal = {Environmental evidence}, volume = {11}, number = {1}, pages = {15}, doi = {10.1186/s13750-022-00268-w}, pmid = {35465308}, issn = {2047-2382}, abstract = {Background: Natural climate solutions (NCS)-actions to conserve, restore, and modify natural and modified ecosystems to increase carbon storage or avoid greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions-are increasingly regarded as important pathways for climate change mitigation, while contributing to our global conservation efforts, overall planetary resilience, and sustainable development goals. Recently, projections posit that terrestrial-based NCS can potentially capture or avoid the emission of at least 11 Gt (gigatons) of carbon dioxide equivalent a year, or roughly encompassing one third of the emissions reductions needed to meet the Paris Climate Agreement goals by 2030. NCS interventions also purport to provide co-benefits such as improved productivity and livelihoods from sustainable natural resource management, protection of locally and culturally important natural areas, and downstream climate adaptation benefits. Attention on implementing NCS to address climate change across global and national agendas has grown-however, clear understanding of which types of NCS interventions have undergone substantial study versus those that require additional evidence is still lacking. This study aims to conduct a systematic map to collate and describe the current state, distribution, and methods used for evidence on the links between NCS interventions and climate change mitigation outcomes within tropical and sub-tropical terrestrial ecosystems. Results of this study can be used to inform program and policy design and highlight critical knowledge gaps where future evaluation, research, and syntheses are needed.<br><br>Methods: To develop this systematic map, we will search two bibliographic databases (including 11 indices) and 67 organization websites, backward citation chase from 39 existing evidence syntheses, and solicit information from key informants. All searches will be conducted in English and encompass subtropical and tropical terrestrial ecosystems (forests, grasslands, mangroves, agricultural areas). Search results will be screened at title and abstract, and full text levels, recording both the number of excluded articles and reasons for exclusion. Key meta-data from included articles will be coded and reported in a narrative review that will summarize trends in the evidence base, assess gaps in knowledge, and provide insights for policy, practice, and research. The data from this systematic map will be made open access.<br><br>Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13750-022-00268-w.}, }
@article {pmid35462607, year = {2022}, author = {Deihimfard, R and Rahimi-Moghaddam, S and Azizi, K and Haghighat, M}, title = {Increased heat stress risk for maize in arid-based climates as affected by climate change: threats and solutions.}, journal = {International journal of biometeorology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, pmid = {35462607}, issn = {1432-1254}, abstract = {Heat stress in combination with drought has become the biggest concern and threat for maize yield production, especially in arid and hot regions. Accordingly, different optimal solutions should be considered in order to maintain maize production and reduce the risk of heat stress under the changing climate. In the current study, the risk of heat stress across Iranian maize agro-ecosystems was analyzed in terms of both intensity and frequency. The study areas comprised 16 provinces and 24 locations classified into five climate categories: arid and hot, arid and temperate, semi-arid and hot, semi-arid and temperate, and semi-arid and cold. The impact of heat stress on maize under a future climate was based on a 5-multi-model ensemble under two optimistic and pessimistic emission scenarios (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5, respectively) for 2040-2070 using the APSIM crop model. Simulation results illustrated that in the period of 2040-2070, intensity and the frequency of heat stress events increased by 2.37 °C and 79.7%, respectively, during maize flowering time compared to the baseline. The risk of heat stress would be almost 100% in hot regions in the future climate under current management practices, mostly because of the increasing high-risk window for heat stress which will result in a yield reduction of 0.83 t ha-1. However, under optimal management practices,farmers will economically obtain acceptable yields (6.6 t ha-1). The results also indicated that the high-risk windows in the future will be lengthening from 12 to 33 days in different climate types. Rising temperatures in cold regions as a result of global warming would provide better climate situations for maize growth, so that under optimistic emission scenarios and optimal management practices, farmers will be able to boost grain yield up to 9.2 t ha-1. Overall, it is concluded that farmers in hot and temperate regions need to be persuaded to choose optimal sowing dates and new maize cultivars which are well adapted to each climate to reduce heat stress risk and to shift maize production to cold regions.}, }
@article {pmid35462588, year = {2022}, author = {Baloch, ZA and Tan, Q and Fahad, S}, title = {Correction to: Analyzing farm households' perception and choice of adaptation strategies towards climate change impacts: a case study of vulnerable households in an emerging Asian region.}, journal = {Environmental science and pollution research international}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1007/s11356-022-20373-0}, pmid = {35462588}, issn = {1614-7499}, }
@article {pmid35462251, year = {2022}, author = {Doll, C and Polyakov, M and Pannell, DJ and Burton, MP}, title = {Rethinking urban park irrigation under climate change.}, journal = {Journal of environmental management}, volume = {314}, number = {}, pages = {115012}, doi = {10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115012}, pmid = {35462251}, issn = {1095-8630}, abstract = {Climate change is forcing cities to reassess their water management practices, particularly for water-intensive applications like park irrigation. If water scarcity requires governments to deviate from current park management norms and allocate less water towards parks, it is essential that park managers design spaces that maintain community wellbeing. We apply the hedonic pricing method and use detailed park management information to assess the value of parks in a region where local climatic conditions require extensive irrigation to keep turf green, and where climate change is further constraining water supplies. Here we show that the impacts of irrigation on the value of parks differ depending on the dwelling types of the nearby housing populations that they serve. In most cases, the convention that parks have to be irrigated to deliver ecosystem services to the public is supported. However, we find that non-irrigated park areas are also valued positively by nearby apartment dwellers. Accelerating rates of urbanization and shifts towards high-density living may support the development of more diverse park options that are less water-intensive. Increased visibility of these alternative park forms, which could include more areas of native vegetation that do not require irrigation, may subsequently influence public expectations for landscape design.}, }
@article {pmid35460775, year = {2022}, author = {Guo, X and Liu, H and Ngosong, C and Li, B and Wang, Q and Zhou, W and Nie, M}, title = {Response of plant functional traits to nitrogen enrichment under climate change: A meta-analysis.}, journal = {The Science of the total environment}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {155379}, doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155379}, pmid = {35460775}, issn = {1879-1026}, abstract = {Soil nitrogen (N) supply is essential in influencing plant functional traits and regulating plant morphological and physiological performances. The effects of N on plants can be altered by complex environmental changes. However, conflicting results have been reported on the co-effects of N and climatic variables on plant performance, which may be attributed to differences in experiment setting and approach, e.g., ecosystem, duration, plant type, and fertilizer form. To elucidate the general response of plant performance to increasing soil N availability under climate change, a global meta-analysis was conducted to synthesize 380 publications studying interactions of N enrichment and four climatic variables (e.g., elevated atmospheric CO2 (eCO2), drought, precipitation, and warming) on performance-related traits (e.g., size, nutrient, and fitness). Results showed that N enrichment increased shoot and root size, nutrient, and fitness of terrestrial plants. The synergistic interactions of N × eCO2 and antagonistic interactions of N × drought were found on plant overall performance (mainly on plant size), indicating that the N effects can be aggregated by eCO2 and mitigated by drought. The co-effects of N and climatic variables on plant overall performance rely on experiment approach, duration, ecosystem type, or plant functional type. Synergistic interactions of N × eCO2 and antagonistic interactions of N × drought, N × precipitation, and N × warming on plant overall performance were found mainly in greenhouse experiments and short-term experiments (duration ≤ one year), but not in the field or longer-term experiments. The results highlighted that N effects on plant performance were not isolated, but can be modified by climate changes. These findings can improve the future modeling predictions of plant performance under complex climate change and provide a fundamental basis for N management strategies to optimize plant performance in production, N nutrient, and reproduction while enabling sustainability of plant production systems.}, }
@article {pmid35459742, year = {2022}, author = {Quitmann, C and Sauerborn, R and Danquah, I and Herrmann, A}, title = {'Climate change mitigation is a hot topic, but not when it comes to hospitals': a qualitative study on hospital stakeholders' perception and sense of responsibility for greenhouse gas emissions.}, journal = {Journal of medical ethics}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1136/medethics-2021-107971}, pmid = {35459742}, issn = {1473-4257}, abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Physical and mental well-being are threatened by climate change. Since hospitals in high-income countries contribute significantly to climate change through their greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, the medical ethics imperative of 'do no harm' imposes a responsibility on hospitals to decarbonise. We investigated hospital stakeholders' perceptions of hospitals' GHG emissions sources and the sense of responsibility for reducing GHG emissions in a hospital.<br><br>METHODS: We conducted 29 semistructured qualitative expert interviews at one of Germany's largest hospitals, Heidelberg University Hospital. Five patients, 12 clinical and 12 administrative employees on different levels were selected using purposive maximum variation sampling. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed using the framework approach.<br><br>RESULTS: Concerning GHG emissions, hospital stakeholders perceived energy and waste as most relevant emission sources followed by mobility. Climate change mitigation in general was considered as important. However, in their role as patients or employees, hospital stakeholders felt less responsible for climate change mitigation. They saw providing best possible medical care to be the top priority in hospitals and were often concerned that patients' health could be jeopardised by climate change mitigation measures.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Perceptions of most important emission sources did not coincide with those in literature, highlighting the need to inform stakeholders, for instance, about pharmaceuticals as important emission source. A frequently perceived conflict between reducing emissions and providing high-quality medical care could be eased, if reducing emissions would not only be justified as a contribution to mitigation, but also as a contribution to preventing ill health-a basic principle of medical ethics.}, }
@article {pmid35458135, year = {2022}, author = {Caughey, A and Kilabuk, P and Sanguya, I and Doucette, M and Jaw, M and Allen, J and Maniapik, L and Koonoo, T and Joy, W and Shirley, J and Sargeant, JM and Møller, H and Harper, SL}, title = {Niqivut Silalu Asijjipalliajuq: Building a Community-Led Food Sovereignty and Climate Change Research Program in Nunavut, Canada.}, journal = {Nutrients}, volume = {14}, number = {8}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3390/nu14081572}, pmid = {35458135}, issn = {2072-6643}, support = {N/A/CAPMC/CIHR/Canada ; }, abstract = {The history of health research in Inuit communities in Canada recounts unethical and colonizing research practices. Recent decades have witnessed profound changes that have advanced ethical and community-driven research, yet much work remains. Inuit have called for research reform in Inuit Nunangat, most recently creating the National Inuit Strategy on Research (NISR) as a framework to support this work. The present study details the process undertaken to create a research program guided by the NISR to address food security, nutrition, and climate change in Inuit Nunangat. Four main elements were identified as critical to supporting the development of a meaningful and authentic community-led program of research: developing Inuit-identified research questions that are relevant and important to Inuit communities; identifying Inuit expertise to answer these questions; re-envisioning and innovating research methodologies that are meaningful to Inuit and reflect Inuit knowledge and societal values; and identifying approaches to mobilizing knowledge that can be applied to support food security and climate change adaptation. We also identify considerations for funding agencies to support the meaningful development of Inuit-led research proposals, including aligning funding with community priorities, reconsidering who the researchers are, and investing in community infrastructure. Our critical reflection on the research program development process provides insight into community-led research that can support Inuit self-determination in research, enhance local ethical conduct of research, privilege Inuit knowledge systems, and align Inuit-identified research priorities with research funding opportunities in health research. While we focus on Inuit-led research in Nunavut, Canada, these insights may be of interest more broadly to Indigenous health research.}, }
@article {pmid35457768, year = {2022}, author = {André, H and Gonzalez Holguera, J and Depoux, A and Pasquier, J and Haller, DM and Rodondi, PY and Schwarz, J and Senn, N}, title = {Talking about Climate Change and Environmental Degradation with Patients in Primary Care: A Cross-Sectional Survey on Knowledge, Potential Domains of Action and Points of View of General Practitioners.}, journal = {International journal of environmental research and public health}, volume = {19}, number = {8}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3390/ijerph19084901}, pmid = {35457768}, issn = {1660-4601}, abstract = {PURPOSE: General practitioners (GPs) could play a role in mitigating climate change by raising awareness of its impact on human health and implementing changes to improve population health and decreasing environmental footprints. The aim of this study was to assess GPs' knowledge and perspectives about the health impacts of climate change.<br><br>METHOD: A questionnaire was sent to 1972 GPs in the French-speaking part of Switzerland. Knowledge of the impact of environmental degradations and climate change on health and willingness to address climate change with patients, to be exemplary and to act as role models were surveyed as well as demographic characteristics of GPs.<br><br>RESULTS: Respondents (N = 497) expressed a high level of self-reported knowledge regarding climate change, although it was lower for more specific topics, such as planetary health or health-environment co-benefits. Participants mostly agreed that it is necessary to adapt clinical practice to the health impacts of climate change and that they have a role in providing information on climate change and its links to human health.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Most of the GPs were concerned about environmental and climate degradation. However, this study revealed a gap between the willingness of GPs to integrate the impact of climate change on health into their clinical activities and their lack of overall knowledge and scientific evidence on effective interventions. A promising way forward may be to develop co-benefit interventions adapted to the clinical setting on diet, active mobility and connecting with nature.}, }
@article {pmid35457766, year = {2022}, author = {Hajat, S and Gampe, D and Sarsour, A and Abuzerr, S}, title = {Climate Change and Diarrhoeal Disease Burdens in the Gaza Strip, Palestine: Health Impacts of 1.5 °C and 2 °C Global Warming Scenarios.}, journal = {International journal of environmental research and public health}, volume = {19}, number = {8}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3390/ijerph19084898}, pmid = {35457766}, issn = {1660-4601}, abstract = {The Gaza Strip is one of the world's most fragile states and faces substantial public health and development challenges. Climate change is intensifying existing environmental problems, including increased water stress. We provide the first published assessment of climate impacts on diarrhoeal disease in Gaza and project future health burdens under climate change scenarios. Over 1 million acute diarrhoea cases presenting to health facilities during 2009-2020 were linked to weekly temperature and rainfall data and associations assessed using time-series regression analysis employing distributed lag non-linear models (DLNMs). Models were applied to climate projections to estimate future burdens of diarrhoeal disease under 2 °C and 1.5 °C global warming scenarios. There was a significantly raised risk of diarrhoeal disease associated with both mean weekly temperature above 19 °C and total weekly rainfall below 6 mm in children 0-3 years. A heat effect was also present in subjects aged > 3 years. Annual diarrhoea cases attributable to heat and low rainfall was 2209.0 and 4070.3, respectively, in 0-3-year-olds. In both age-groups, heat-related cases could rise by over 10% under a 2 °C global warming level compared to baseline, but would be limited to below 2% under a 1.5 °C scenario. Mean rises of 0.9% and 2.7% in diarrhoea cases associated with reduced rainfall are projected for the 1.5 °C and 2 °C scenarios, respectively, in 0-3-year-olds. Climate change impacts will add to the considerable development challenges already faced by the people of Gaza. Substantial health gains could be achieved if global warming is limited to 1.5 °C.}, }
@article {pmid35457530, year = {2022}, author = {Schneider, S and von Winning, A and Grüger, F and Anderer, S and Hoffner, R and Anderson, L}, title = {Physical Activity, Climate Change and Health-A Conceptual Model for Planning Public Health Action at the Organizational Level.}, journal = {International journal of environmental research and public health}, volume = {19}, number = {8}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3390/ijerph19084664}, pmid = {35457530}, issn = {1660-4601}, abstract = {Climate change is linked to health risks for both professional and amateur athletes. Sports organisations will need to react to these developments. The starting point for this concept paper is a summary of the sport-specific health risks currently under discussion: increasing heatwaves, growing numbers of extreme weather events, rising UV, ozone and allergen levels and the spread of infectious diseases. Based on the current state of research, a conceptual model is developed to reduce these climate-related health risks in sports at organisational level. Given the wide variety of predicted direct and indirect health risks linked to climate change, the "sports, clubs and climate change model" (SC3 model) presented here follows a stepwise risk-specific approach using technical, organisational and person-related measures. The SC3 model also includes cross-cutting measures that have an overarching effect comprising training, warning systems, coordination and evaluation measures. The SC3 model makes it possible to develop prevention plans, both at national level for central associations and at the regional level of local organisations and clubs. It can be applied to typical settings (e.g., training or competition at elite or amateur levels) and target groups (e.g., athletes, spectators, referees and club officials).}, }
@article {pmid35453787, year = {2022}, author = {Mu, C and Guo, X and Chen, Y}, title = {Impact of Global Climate Change on the Distribution Range and Niche Dynamics of Eleutherodactylus planirostrish in China.}, journal = {Biology}, volume = {11}, number = {4}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3390/biology11040588}, pmid = {35453787}, issn = {2079-7737}, support = {U21A20192//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 31901221//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; XDB31000000//Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences/ ; 2019QZKK0303//Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program/ ; }, abstract = {Species distribution models (SDMs) have become indispensable tools in risk assessment and conservation decision-making for invasive species. Eleutherodactylus planirostris has a strong dispersal ability, and the main route of introduction to new regions is likely transport via seedlings. This species is understood as one of the foremost successful invasive amphibian species with direct or indirect negative impacts in multiple regions. In this study, we used MaxEnt to assess suitable areas for this species under current and future climates globally and in China. We considered seven climatic variables, three timepoints (current, 2050, and 2070), and three CO2 emission scenarios. Annual mean temperature, precipitation of the driest month, and annual precipitation were the most important variables predicting E. planirostris occurrence. This species has a much larger suitable habitat area in China than reflected by the current distribution, so the species is likely to spread from the Pearl River Delta to surrounding areas. Under future warming, its invasive range will expand northward in China. In conclusion, this study assessed the risk of invasion of this species and made recommendations for management and prevention.}, }
@article {pmid35453751, year = {2022}, author = {Kougioumoutzis, K and Kaloveloni, A and Petanidou, T}, title = {Assessing Climate Change Impacts on Island Bees: The Aegean Archipelago.}, journal = {Biology}, volume = {11}, number = {4}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3390/biology11040552}, pmid = {35453751}, issn = {2079-7737}, support = {MIS 376737//European Social Fund/ ; MIS 376737//THALES (Greece)/ ; }, abstract = {Pollinators' climate change impact assessments focus mainly on mainland regions. Thus, we are unaware how island species might fare in a rapidly changing world. This is even more pressing in the Mediterranean Basin, a global biodiversity hotspot. In Greece, a regional pollinator hotspot, climate change research is in its infancy and the insect Wallacean shortfall still remains unaddressed. In a species distribution modelling framework, we used the most comprehensive occurrence database for bees in Greece to locate the bee species richness hotspots in the Aegean, and investigated whether these might shift in the future due to climate change and assessed the Natura 2000 protected areas network effectiveness. Range contractions are anticipated for most taxa, becoming more prominent over time. Species richness hotspots are currently located in the NE Aegean and in highly disturbed sites. They will shift both altitudinally and latitudinally in the future. A small proportion of these hotspots are currently included in the Natura 2000 protected areas network and this proportion is projected to decrease in the coming decades. There is likely an extinction debt present in the Aegean bee communities that could result to pollination network collapse. There is a substantial conservation gap in Greece regarding bees and a critical re-assessment of the established Greek protected areas network is needed, focusing on areas identified as bee diversity hotspots over time.}, }
@article {pmid35453699, year = {2022}, author = {Kumari, P and Wani, IA and Khan, S and Verma, S and Mushtaq, S and Gulnaz, A and Paray, BA}, title = {Modeling of Valeriana wallichii Habitat Suitability and Niche Dynamics in the Himalayan Region under Anticipated Climate Change.}, journal = {Biology}, volume = {11}, number = {4}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3390/biology11040498}, pmid = {35453699}, issn = {2079-7737}, abstract = {An increase in atmospheric greenhouse gases necessitates the use of species distribution models (SDMs) in modeling suitable habitats and projecting the impact of climate change on the future range shifts of the species. The present study is based on the BIOMOD ensemble approach to map the currently suitable habitats and predict the impact of climate change on the niche shift of Valeriana wallichii. We also studied its niche dynamics using the ecospat package in R software. Values of the area under curve (AUC) and true skill statistics (TSS) were highly significant (>0.9), which shows that the model has run better. From 19 different bioclimatic variables, only 8 were retained after correlation, among which bio_17 (precipitation of driest quarter), bio_1 (annual mean temperature), and bio_12 (annual mean precipitation) received the highest gain. Under future climate change, the suitable habitats will be significantly contracted by -94% (under representative concentration pathway RCP 8.5 for 2070) and -80.22% (under RCP 8.5 for 2050). There is a slight increase in habitat suitability by +16.69% (RCP 4.5 for 2050) and +8.9% (RCP 8.5 for 2050) under future climate change scenarios. The equivalency and similarity tests of niche dynamics show that the habitat suitability for current and future climatic scenarios is comparable but not identical. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) analysis shows that climatic conditions will be severely affected between current and future scenarios. From this study, we conclude that the habitats of Valeriana wallichii are highly vulnerable to climate shifts. This study can be used to alleviate the threat to this plant by documenting the unexplored populations, restoring the degraded habitats through rewilding, and launching species recovery plans in the natural habitats.}, }
@article {pmid35453696, year = {2022}, author = {Charitonidou, M and Kougioumoutzis, K and Karypidou, MC and Halley, JM}, title = {'Fly to a Safer North': Distributional Shifts of the Orchid Ophrys insectifera L. Due to Climate Change.}, journal = {Biology}, volume = {11}, number = {4}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3390/biology11040497}, pmid = {35453696}, issn = {2079-7737}, support = {2359//Hellenic Foundation for Research and Innovation/ ; }, abstract = {Numerous orchid species around the world have already been affected by the ongoing climate change, displaying phenological alterations and considerable changes to their distributions. The fly orchid (Ophrys insectifera L.) is a well-known and distinctive Ophrys species in Europe, with a broad distribution across the continent. This study explores the effects of climate change on the range of O. insectifera, using a species distribution models (SDMs) framework that encompasses different climatic models and scenarios for the near- and long-term future. The species' environmentally suitable area is projected to shift northwards (as expected) but downhill (contrary to usual expectations) in the future. In addition, an overall range contraction is predicted under all investigated combinations of climatic models and scenarios. While this is moderate overall, it includes some regions of severe loss and other areas with major gains. Specifically, O. insectifera is projected to experience major area loss in its southern reaches (the Balkans, Italy and Spain), while it will expand its northern limits to North Europe, with the UK, Scandinavia, and the Baltic countries exhibiting the largest gains.}, }
@article {pmid35450418, year = {2022}, author = {Irham, I and Fachrista, IA and Masyhuri, M and Suryantini, A}, title = {Climate Change Adaptation Strategies by Indonesian Vegetable Farmers: Comparative Study of Organic and Conventional Farmers.}, journal = {TheScientificWorldJournal}, volume = {2022}, number = {}, pages = {3590769}, doi = {10.1155/2022/3590769}, pmid = {35450418}, issn = {1537-744X}, abstract = {Some experts believe that organic agriculture is more adaptable compared to conventional agriculture. Accordingly, the purpose of this study is to assess organic and conventional farmers' perception and adaptation to climate change and analyse the factors that influence such decisions. The survey was conducted in Java, involving 112 organic farmers and 112 conventional farmers. The chi-square test was used to differentiate climate change perceptions and adaptation strategies applied by farmers. The factors that influenced the selection of the adaptation strategies were analysed using logistic regression. The results of analysis found that organic farmers have more precise perceptions of climate change than that of conventional farmers. Organic farmers more commonly implement mixed cropping, crop rotation, increasing organic manure, using shade, and changing irrigation techniques as their adaptation strategies, while conventional farmers more commonly prefer to adjust planting and harvesting dates and use traditional climate prediction called Pranata Mangsa. The selection of farmers' adaptation strategies is influenced by age, education, experience, distance to extension services, access to credit, information about climate and farmer groups, as well as farmers' perceptions of climate change. The results of the study recommend that policy makers increase farmers' adaptive capacity through investment in education and institutions to support climate change adaptation.}, }
@article {pmid35450305, year = {2022}, author = {Chain, GS and Chain, BM and Pelliccia, FB}, title = {Climate Change Affects Health: Are We Listening?.}, journal = {Global pediatric health}, volume = {9}, number = {}, pages = {2333794X221091799}, doi = {10.1177/2333794X221091799}, pmid = {35450305}, issn = {2333-794X}, }
@article {pmid35449443, year = {2022}, author = {Numata, S and Yamaguchi, K and Shimizu, M and Sakurai, G and Morimoto, A and Alias, N and Noor Azman, NZ and Hosaka, T and Satake, A}, title = {Impacts of climate change on reproductive phenology in tropical rainforests of Southeast Asia.}, journal = {Communications biology}, volume = {5}, number = {1}, pages = {311}, pmid = {35449443}, issn = {2399-3642}, support = {21H04781//MEXT | Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS)/ ; }, abstract = {In humid forests in Southeast Asia, many species from dozens of plant families flower gregariously and fruit synchronously at irregular multi-year intervals1-4. Little is known about how climate change will impact these community-wide mass reproductive events. Here, we perform a comprehensive analysis of reproductive phenology and its environmental drivers based on a monthly reproductive phenology record from 210 species in 41 families in Peninsular Malaysia. We find that the proportion of flowering and fruiting species decreased from 1976 to 2010. Using a phenology model, we find that 57% of species in the Dipterocarpaceae family respond to both drought and low-temperature cues for flowering. We show that low-temperature flowering cues will become less available in the future in the RCP2.6 and 8.5 scenarios, leading to decreased flowering opportunities of these species in a wide region from Thailand to the island of Borneo. Our results highlight the vulnerability of and variability in phenological responses across species in tropical ecosystems that differ from temperate and boreal biomes.}, }
@article {pmid35449002, year = {2022}, author = {Xia, C and Huang, Y and Qi, Y and Yang, X and Xue, T and Hu, R and Deng, H and Bussmann, RW and Yu, S}, title = {Developing long-term conservation priority planning for medicinal plants in China by combining conservation status with diversity hotspot analyses and climate change prediction.}, journal = {BMC biology}, volume = {20}, number = {1}, pages = {89}, pmid = {35449002}, issn = {1741-7007}, support = {32071654//national natural science foundation of china/ ; 2019HJ2096001006//The Biodiversity Survey and Assessment Project of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, China/ ; 8-3-7-20-9//Key Higher Plant Investigation and Conservation Effectiveness Evaluation Program of Ministry of Ecology and Environment of China/ ; GZXK-Z-20-69//guangxi administration of traditional chinese medicine/ ; Caishe[2018]43//national administration of traditional chinese medicine/ ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Medicinal plants have always played an important role in the history of human health. However, the populations and sustainable use of medicinal plants have been severely affected by human activities and climate change. Little is known about the current conservation status and distribution pattern of medicinal plants. In this study, based on accurate geographical distribution information of 9756 medicinal plants, we identified diversity hotspots and conservation gaps, evaluated conservation effectiveness of nature reserves, and predicted suitable habitat areas for medicinal plants in China to provide scientific guidance for their long-term conservation and sustainable use.<br><br>RESULTS: A total of 150 diversity hotspot grid cells, mainly concentrated in central and southern China, were identified. These only accounted for 5% of the total distribution area but contained 96% of the medicinal plants of the country. The hotspot grid cells included all traditional hotspot areas, but we also detected three new hotspots, namely Mufu-Lushan Mountains, Tianshan-Altai Mountains, and Changbai Mountains. The current national and provincial nature reserves protect 125 hotspot grid cells, which harbor 94% of all medicinal plants. However, 25 hotspot grid cells, distributed in the Tianshan-Altai Mountains and Hengduan Mountains, are located outside the national and provincial nature reserves. An analysis of the predicted effects of climate change indicated that the suitable habitat areas will shift from southern to northern China, and that southern China will face a considerable loss of suitable habitat areas, while the east and west parts of China will encompass remarkably more suitable habitat areas in the future.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: The current conservation networks have achieved high conservation effectiveness with regard to medicinal plants; however, the conservation gaps we identified should not be neglected, and conservation planning needs to take into account the predicted shifts of some hotspots of medicinal plants due to climate change.}, }
@article {pmid35446706, year = {2022}, author = {McCool, WC and Codding, BF and Vernon, KB and Wilson, KM and Yaworsky, PM and Marwan, N and Kennett, DJ}, title = {Climate change-induced population pressure drives high rates of lethal violence in the Prehispanic central Andes.}, journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America}, volume = {119}, number = {17}, pages = {e2117556119}, doi = {10.1073/pnas.2117556119}, pmid = {35446706}, issn = {1091-6490}, support = {DDRI No. 1934521//NSF | SBE | Division of Social and Economic Sciences (SES)/ ; }, abstract = {SignificanceWarfare and homicide are pervasive features of the human experience, yet scholars struggle to understand the conditions that promote violence. Climate and conflict research has revealed many linkages between climate change and human violence; however, studies often produce contrary findings, and the driving mechanisms remain difficult to identify. We suggest a solution is to identify conditions producing resource scarcity, which are necessarily a combination of climate and population dynamics. We examine patterns of lethal violence in the Prehispanic Andes and find that favorable climate conditions fostered rapid population growth within a circumscribed landscape, resulting in chronic warfare. Our work suggests that an increasingly unstable climate may promote future violence, where favorable climate regimes incentivize population growth and attendant resource strain.}, }
@article {pmid35445402, year = {2022}, author = {Oomen, RA and Hutchings, JA}, title = {Genomic reaction norms inform predictions of plastic and adaptive responses to climate change.}, journal = {The Journal of animal ecology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1111/1365-2656.13707}, pmid = {35445402}, issn = {1365-2656}, abstract = {Genomic reaction norms represent the range of gene expression phenotypes (usually mRNA transcript levels) expressed by a genotype along an environmental gradient. Reaction norms derived from common garden experiments are powerful approaches for disentangling plastic and adaptive responses to environmental change in natural populations. By treating gene expression as a phenotype in itself, genomic reaction norms represent invaluable tools for exploring causal mechanisms underlying organismal responses to climate change across multiple levels of biodiversity. Our goal is to provide the context, framework, and motivation for applying genomic reaction norms to study the responses of natural populations to climate change. Here, we describe the utility of integrating genomics with common-garden-gradient experiments under a reaction norm analytical framework to answer fundamental questions about phenotypic plasticity, local adaptation, their interaction (i.e., genetic variation in plasticity), and future adaptive potential. An experimental and analytical framework for constructing and analyzing genomic reaction norms is presented within the context of polygenic climate change responses of structured populations with gene flow. Intended for a broad eco-evo readership, we first briefly review adaptation with gene flow and the importance of understanding the genomic basis and spatial scale of adaptation for conservation and management of structured populations under anthropogenic change. Then, within a high-dimensional reaction norm framework, we illustrate how to distinguish plastic, differentially expressed (difference in reaction norm intercepts), and differentially plastic (difference in reaction norm slopes) genes, highlighting areas of opportunity for applying these concepts. We conclude by discussing how genomic reaction norms can be incorporated into a holistic framework to understand the eco-evolutionary dynamics of climate change responses from molecules to ecosystems. We aim to inspire researchers to integrate gene expression measurements into common-garden experimental designs to investigate the genomics of climate change responses as sequencing costs become increasingly accessible.}, }
@article {pmid35444312, year = {2022}, author = {Thompson, B and Petrić Howe, N and Bundell, S}, title = {We could still limit global warming to just 2˚C - but there's an 'if'.}, journal = {Nature}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-022-01100-8}, pmid = {35444312}, issn = {1476-4687}, }
@article {pmid35444282, year = {2022}, author = {Outhwaite, CL and McCann, P and Newbold, T}, title = {Agriculture and climate change are reshaping insect biodiversity worldwide.}, journal = {Nature}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, pmid = {35444282}, issn = {1476-4687}, abstract = {Several previous studies have investigated changes in insect biodiversity, with some highlighting declines and others showing turnover in species composition without net declines1-5. Although research has shown that biodiversity changes are driven primarily by land-use change and increasingly by climate change6,7, the potential for interaction between these drivers and insect biodiversity on the global scale remains unclear. Here we show that the interaction between indices of historical climate warming and intensive agricultural land use is associated with reductions of almost 50% in the abundance and 27% in the number of species within insect assemblages relative to those in less-disturbed habitats with lower rates of historical climate warming. These patterns are particularly evident in the tropical realm, whereas some positive responses of biodiversity to climate change occur in non-tropical regions in natural habitats. A high availability of nearby natural habitat often mitigates reductions in insect abundance and richness associated with agricultural land use and substantial climate warming but only in low-intensity agricultural systems. In such systems, in which high levels (75% cover) of natural habitat are available, abundance and richness were reduced by 7% and 5%, respectively, compared with reductions of 63% and 61% in places where less natural habitat is present (25% cover). Our results show that insect biodiversity will probably benefit from mitigating climate change, preserving natural habitat within landscapes and reducing the intensity of agriculture.}, }
@article {pmid35444222, year = {2022}, author = {García-Escárzaga, A and Gutiérrez-Zugasti, I and Marín-Arroyo, AB and Fernandes, R and Núñez de la Fuente, S and Cuenca-Solana, D and Iriarte, E and Simões, C and Martín-Chivelet, J and González-Morales, MR and Roberts, P}, title = {Human forager response to abrupt climate change at 8.2 ka on the Atlantic coast of Europe.}, journal = {Scientific reports}, volume = {12}, number = {1}, pages = {6481}, pmid = {35444222}, issn = {2045-2322}, support = {HAR2016-75605-R//Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación/ ; POS_2020_2_0032//Hezkuntza, Hizkuntza Politika Eta Kultura Saila, Eusko Jaurlaritza/ ; SUBSILIENCE ERC-CoG project (grant agreement No. 818299)//HORIZON EUROPE European Research Council/ ; }, abstract = {The cooling and drying associated with the so-called '8.2 ka event' have long been hypothesized as having sweeping implications for human societies in the Early Holocene, including some of the last Mesolithic hunter-gatherers in Atlantic Europe. Nevertheless, detailed 'on-site' records with which the impacts of broader climate changes on human-relevant environments can be explored have been lacking. Here, we reconstruct sea surface temperatures (SST) from δ18O values measured on subfossil topshells Phorcus lineatus exploited by the Mesolithic human groups that lived at El Mazo cave (N Spain) between 9 and 7.4 ka. Bayesian modelling of 65 radiocarbon dates, in combination with this δ18O data, provide a high-resolution seasonal record of SST, revealing that colder SST during the 8.2 ka event led to changes in the availability of different shellfish species. Intensification in the exploitation of molluscs by humans indicates demographic growth in these Atlantic coastal settings which acted as refugia during this cold event.}, }
@article {pmid35444010, year = {2022}, author = {Torjesen, I}, title = {Government agrees to brief MPs on climate change after health leaders back hunger striker's demands.}, journal = {BMJ (Clinical research ed.)}, volume = {377}, number = {}, pages = {o1008}, doi = {10.1136/bmj.o1008}, pmid = {35444010}, issn = {1756-1833}, }
@article {pmid35443992, year = {2022}, author = {Torjesen, I}, title = {Health leaders urge PM to meet hunger striker's demand that MPs be briefed on climate change.}, journal = {BMJ (Clinical research ed.)}, volume = {377}, number = {}, pages = {o999}, doi = {10.1136/bmj.o999}, pmid = {35443992}, issn = {1756-1833}, }
@article {pmid35443761, year = {2022}, author = {Kordas, RL and Pawar, S and Kontopoulos, DG and Woodward, G and O'Gorman, EJ}, title = {Metabolic plasticity can amplify ecosystem responses to global warming.}, journal = {Nature communications}, volume = {13}, number = {1}, pages = {2161}, pmid = {35443761}, issn = {2041-1723}, support = {PRFB 1401656//National Science Foundation (NSF)/ ; RG140601//Royal Society/ ; RG140601//Royal Society/ ; NE/M020843/1//RCUK | Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)/ ; NE/M02086X/1//RCUK | Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)/ ; NE/L011840/1//RCUK | Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)/ ; NE/M020843/1//RCUK | Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)/ ; NE/M02086X/1//RCUK | Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)/ ; }, abstract = {Organisms have the capacity to alter their physiological response to warming through acclimation or adaptation, but the consequence of this metabolic plasticity for energy flow through food webs is currently unknown, and a generalisable framework does not exist for modelling its ecosystem-level effects. Here, using temperature-controlled experiments on stream invertebrates from a natural thermal gradient, we show that the ability of organisms to raise their metabolic rate following chronic exposure to warming decreases with increasing body size. Chronic exposure to higher temperatures also increases the acute thermal sensitivity of whole-organismal metabolic rate, independent of body size. A mathematical model parameterised with these findings shows that metabolic plasticity could account for 60% higher ecosystem energy flux with just +2 °C of warming than a traditional model based on ecological metabolic theory. This could explain why long-term warming amplifies ecosystem respiration rates through time in recent mesocosm experiments, and highlights the need to embed metabolic plasticity in predictive models of global warming impacts on ecosystems.}, }
@article {pmid35442553, year = {2022}, author = {Wen, X and Zhao, G and Cheng, X and Chang, G and Dong, X and Lin, X}, title = {Prediction of the potential distribution pattern of the great gerbil (Rhombomys opimus) under climate change based on ensemble modelling.}, journal = {Pest management science}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1002/ps.6939}, pmid = {35442553}, issn = {1526-4998}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Rodent infestation is a global biological problem. Rodents are widely distributed worldwide, cause harm to agriculture, forestry, and animal husbandry production and spread a variety of natural focal diseases. In this study, 10 ecological niche models were combined into an ensemble model to assess the distribution of suitable habitats for Rhombomys opimus and to predict the impact of future climate change on the distribution of R. opimus under low, medium and high socioeconomic pathway scenarios of CMIP6.<br><br>RESULTS: In general, with the exception of extreme climates (2090-SSP585), the current and potential future ranges of R. opimus habitat are maintained at approximately 220×104 km2 . In combination with human footprint data, the potential distribution area of R. opimus was found to coincide with areas with a moderate human footprint. In addition, this distribution area will gradually shift to higher-latitude regions, and the suitable habitat area of R. opimus will gradually shrink in China, Iran, Afghanistan, and Turkmenistan while increasing in Mongolia and Kazakhstan.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: These results help identify the impact of climate change on the potential distribution of R. opimus and provide supportive information for the development of management strategies to protect against future ecological and human health risks. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.}, }
@article {pmid35440555, year = {2022}, author = {Bailey, LD and van de Pol, M and Adriaensen, F and Arct, A and Barba, E and Bellamy, PE and Bonamour, S and Bouvier, JC and Burgess, MD and Charmantier, A and Cusimano, C and Doligez, B and Drobniak, SM and Dubiec, A and Eens, M and Eeva, T and Ferns, PN and Goodenough, AE and Hartley, IR and Hinsley, SA and Ivankina, E and Juškaitis, R and Kempenaers, B and Kerimov, AB and Lavigne, C and Leivits, A and Mainwaring, MC and Matthysen, E and Nilsson, JÅ and Orell, M and Rytkönen, S and Senar, JC and Sheldon, BC and Sorace, A and Stenning, MJ and Török, J and van Oers, K and Vatka, E and Vriend, SJG and Visser, ME}, title = {Bird populations most exposed to climate change are less sensitive to climatic variation.}, journal = {Nature communications}, volume = {13}, number = {1}, pages = {2112}, pmid = {35440555}, issn = {2041-1723}, abstract = {The phenology of many species shows strong sensitivity to climate change; however, with few large scale intra-specific studies it is unclear how such sensitivity varies over a species' range. We document large intra-specific variation in phenological sensitivity to temperature using laying date information from 67 populations of two co-familial European songbirds, the great tit (Parus major) and blue tit (Cyanistes caeruleus), covering a large part of their breeding range. Populations inhabiting deciduous habitats showed stronger phenological sensitivity than those in evergreen and mixed habitats. However, populations with higher sensitivity tended to have experienced less rapid change in climate over the past decades, such that populations with high phenological sensitivity will not necessarily exhibit the strongest phenological advancement. Our results show that to effectively assess the impact of climate change on phenology across a species' range it will be necessary to account for intra-specific variation in phenological sensitivity, climate change exposure, and the ecological characteristics of a population.}, }
@article {pmid35439258, year = {2022}, author = {Abdullahi, T and Nitschke, G and Sweijd, N}, title = {Predicting diarrhoea outbreaks with climate change.}, journal = {PloS one}, volume = {17}, number = {4}, pages = {e0262008}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0262008}, pmid = {35439258}, issn = {1932-6203}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Climate change is expected to exacerbate diarrhoea outbreaks across the developing world, most notably in Sub-Saharan countries such as South Africa. In South Africa, diseases related to diarrhoea outbreak is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. In this study, we modelled the impacts of climate change on diarrhoea with various machine learning (ML) methods to predict daily outbreak of diarrhoea cases in nine South African provinces.<br><br>METHODS: We applied two deep Learning DL techniques, Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) and Long-Short term Memory Networks (LSTMs); and a Support Vector Machine (SVM) to predict daily diarrhoea cases over the different South African provinces by incorporating climate information. Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) was used to generate synthetic data which was used to augment the available data-set. Furthermore, Relevance Estimation and Value Calibration (REVAC) was used to tune the parameters of the ML methods to optimize the accuracy of their predictions. Sensitivity analysis was also performed to investigate the contribution of the different climate factors to the diarrhoea prediction method.<br><br>RESULTS: Our results showed that all three ML methods were appropriate for predicting daily diarrhoea cases with respect to the selected climate variables in each South African province. However, the level of accuracy for each method varied across different experiments, with the deep learning methods outperforming the SVM method. Among the deep learning techniques, the CNN method performed best when only real-world data-set was used, while the LSTM method outperformed the other methods when the real-world data-set was augmented with synthetic data. Across the provinces, the accuracy of all three ML methods improved by at least 30 percent when data augmentation was implemented. In addition, REVAC improved the accuracy of the CNN method by about 2.5% in each province. Our parameter sensitivity analysis revealed that the most influential climate variables to be considered when predicting outbreak of diarrhoea in South Africa were precipitation, humidity, evaporation and temperature conditions.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Overall, experiments indicated that the prediction capacity of our DL methods (Convolutional Neural Networks) was found to be superior (with statistical significance) in terms of prediction accuracy across most provinces. This study's results have important implications for the development of automated early warning systems for diarrhoea (and related disease) outbreaks across the globe.}, }
@article {pmid35438534, year = {2022}, author = {Tiedje, JM and Bruns, MA and Casadevall, A and Criddle, CS and Eloe-Fadrosh, E and Karl, DM and Nguyen, NK and Zhou, J}, title = {Microbes and Climate Change: a Research Prospectus for the Future.}, journal = {mBio}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {e0080022}, doi = {10.1128/mbio.00800-22}, pmid = {35438534}, issn = {2150-7511}, abstract = {Climate change is the most serious challenge facing humanity. Microbes produce and consume three major greenhouse gases-carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide-and some microbes cause human, animal, and plant diseases that can be exacerbated by climate change. Hence, microbial research is needed to help ameliorate the warming trajectory and cascading effects resulting from heat, drought, and severe storms. We present a brief summary of what is known about microbial responses to climate change in three major ecosystems: terrestrial, ocean, and urban. We also offer suggestions for new research directions to reduce microbial greenhouse gases and mitigate the pathogenic impacts of microbes. These include performing more controlled studies on the climate impact on microbial processes, system interdependencies, and responses to human interventions, using microbes and their carbon and nitrogen transformations for useful stable products, improving microbial process data for climate models, and taking the One Health approach to study microbes and climate change.}, }
@article {pmid35438387, year = {2022}, author = {Chang, AY and Tan, AX and Nadeau, KC and Odden, MC}, title = {Aging Hearts in a Hotter, More Turbulent World: The Impacts of Climate Change on the Cardiovascular Health of Older Adults.}, journal = {Current cardiology reports}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1007/s11886-022-01693-6}, pmid = {35438387}, issn = {1534-3170}, abstract = {PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Climate change has manifested itself in multiple environmental hazards to human health. Older adults and those living with cardiovascular diseases are particularly susceptible to poor outcomes due to unique social, economic, and physiologic vulnerabilities. This review aims to summarize those vulnerabilities and the resultant impacts of climate-mediated disasters on the heart health of the aging population.<br><br>RECENT FINDINGS: Analyses incorporating a wide variety of environmental data sources have identified increases in cardiovascular risk factors, hospitalizations, and mortality from intensified air pollution, wildfires, heat waves, extreme weather events, rising sea levels, and pandemic disease. Older adults, especially those of low socioeconomic status or belonging to ethnic minority groups, bear a disproportionate health burden from these hazards. The worldwide trends responsible for global warming continue to worsen climate change-mediated natural disasters. As such, additional investigation will be necessary to develop personal and policy-level interventions to protect the cardiovascular wellbeing of our aging population.}, }
@article {pmid35437931, year = {2022}, author = {Li, D and Li, Z and Wang, X and Wang, L and Li, Y and Liu, D}, title = {Increasing risk of aphids spreading plant viruses in maize fields on both sides of China's Heihe-Tengchong line under climate change.}, journal = {Pest management science}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1002/ps.6932}, pmid = {35437931}, issn = {1526-4998}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: In the coming decades, geographical distribution patterns of farmland organisms may undergo drastic changes due to climate change, with significant implications for global food security. In China, Rhopalosiphum maidis and its spread of sugarcane mosaic virus (ScMV) can become an increasingly serious threat to maize (Zea mays) production. We conducted ecological niche modeling for Z. mays, R. maidis, and ScMV under current and future (2041-2060 and 2081-2100) climate scenarios by using MaxEnt software to explore changes in this system.<br><br>RESULTS: The Heihe-Tengchong line (an imaginary separation line of human population density) can divide China into main (east of the line) and secondary (west of the line) habitats for the three species. With climate change, rapid expansion in suitable areas is projected for ScMV and the aphid vector R. maidis. Taking species interactions into consideration, our overlaying analyses show that most areas east of the Heihe-Tengchong line (optimal for maize and suitable for R. maidis) will become increasingly highly suitable for ScMV, suggesting that the prevention and control of this plant virus and its aphid vector in China's main maize-growing areas (e.g., Northeast) will become an increasing challenge in the future.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Climate change will profoundly affect ScMV-vector-maize interactions, which may contribute favorably to invasion of this virus into new areas. Our comprehensive and in-depth analyses on shifts in this multi-species system under climate change provide useful and insightful information for devising strategies for the prevention and control of plant viruses and aphid vectors on maize in the future. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.}, }
@article {pmid35437406, year = {2022}, author = {Borges, PAV and Lamelas-Lopez, L and Stüben, PE and Ros-Prieto, A and Gabriel, R and Boieiro, M and Tsafack, N and Ferreira, MT}, title = {SLAM Project - Long Term Ecological Study of the Impacts of Climate Change in the Natural Forest of Azores: II - A survey of exotic arthropods in disturbed forest habitats.}, journal = {Biodiversity data journal}, volume = {10}, number = {}, pages = {e81410}, doi = {10.3897/BDJ.10.e81410}, pmid = {35437406}, issn = {1314-2828}, abstract = {Background: The data we present consist of an inventory of exotic arthropods, potentially invasive, collected in exotic and mixed forests and disturbed native forest patches of the Azores Archipelago. The study was carried out between 2019 and 2020 in four islands: Corvo, Flores, Terceira and Santa Maria, where a total of 45 passive flight interception SLAM traps were deployed, during three to six consecutive months. This manuscript is the second contribution of the "SLAM Project - Long Term Ecological Study of the Impacts of Climate Change in the Natural Forest of Azores".<br><br>New information: We provide an inventory of terrestrial arthropods belonging to Arachnida, Diplopoda, Chilopoda and Insecta classes from four Azorean islands. We identified a total of 21,175 specimens, belonging to 20 orders, 93 families and 249 species of arthropods. A total of 125 species are considered introduced, 89 native non-endemic and 35 endemic. We registered 34 new records (nine for Corvo, three for Flores, six for Terceira and 16 for Santa Maria), of which five are new for Azores, being all exotic possibly recently introduced: Dieckmanniellusnitidulus (Gyllenhal, 1838), Gronopsfasciatus Küster, 1851, Hadroplontustrimaculatus (Fabricius, 1775), Hypurusbertrandi (Perris, 1852) (all Coleoptera, Curculionidae) and Cardiocondylamauritanica Forel, 1890 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). This publication highlights the importance of planted forests and disturbed native forest patches as reservoirs of potentially invasive arthropods and refuges for some rare relict endemic arthropod species.}, }
@article {pmid35436720, year = {2022}, author = {Xing, Q and Sun, Z and Tao, Y and Shang, J and Miao, S and Xiao, C and Zheng, C}, title = {Projections of future temperature-related cardiovascular mortality under climate change, urbanization and population aging in Beijing, China.}, journal = {Environment international}, volume = {163}, number = {}, pages = {107231}, doi = {10.1016/j.envint.2022.107231}, pmid = {35436720}, issn = {1873-6750}, abstract = {Climate change is causing the surface temperature to rise and the extreme weather events to increase in frequency and intensity, which will pose potential threats to the survival and health of residents. Beijing is facing multiple challenges such as coping with climate change, urbanization, and population aging, which puts huge decision-making pressure on decision maker. However, few studies that systematically consider the health effects of climate change, urbanization, and population aging for China. Based on the distributed lag nonlinear model (DLNM) and 13 global climate models in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6), this study obtained the temporal and spatial distribution of surface temperature through statistical downscaling methods, and comprehensively explored the independent and comprehensive effects of urbanization and population aging on the projection of future temperature-related cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality in the context of climate and population change. The results showed that only improving urbanization can reduce future temperature-related CVD mortality by 1.7-18.3%, and only intensified aging can increase future temperature-related CVD mortality by 48.8-325.9%. Taking into account the improving urbanization and intensified aging, future temperature-related CVD mortality would increase by 44.1-256.6%, and the increase was slightly lower than that of only intensified aging. Therefore, the intensified aging was the biggest disadvantage in tackling climate change, which would obviously magnify the mortality risks of temperature-related CVD in the future. Although the advancement of urbanization would alleviate the adverse effects of the intensified aging population, the mitigation effects would be limited. Even so, Urbanization should be continued to reduce health risks for residents. These findings would contribute to formulate policies related to mitigate climate change and reduce baseline mortality rate (especially the elderly) in international mega-city - Beijing. In addition, relevant departments should improve the medical health care level and optimize the allocation of social resources to better cope with and adapt to climate change.}, }
@article {pmid35433284, year = {2022}, author = {Bartrem, C and von Lindern, I and von Braun, M and Tirima, S}, title = {Climate Change, Conflict, and Resource Extraction: Analyses of Nigerian Artisanal Mining Communities and Ominous Global Trends.}, journal = {Annals of global health}, volume = {88}, number = {1}, pages = {17}, doi = {10.5334/aogh.3547}, pmid = {35433284}, issn = {2214-9996}, abstract = {Background: The 2010 lead poisoning outbreak that claimed the lives of more than 400 children in artisanal gold mining villages in Zamfara, Nigeria is the tragic result of high gold prices, a geologic anomaly, and processing of ores in residential areas. Today, these villages face a growing crisis related to conflict and climate change. While the situation in Zamfara is unparalleled in many ways, the interactions between climate change, conflict, and mining consistently overlap a global scale. The scope of this analysis extends beyond the Nigerian crisis.<br><br>Objectives: Understanding the complexities of challenges faced in Zamfara provides insight into how these issues impact vulnerable communities globally, and which strategies should be considered to solve this wicked problem.<br><br>Methods: Analysis of the relationships between climate change, conflict, and mining in Zamfara and globally via literature review and examination of current events in the Sahel region.<br><br>Findings: Supporting healthy artisanal mining communities, as was prioritized in Zamfara, must be a focus of environmental, health, and mineral management policies. This includes the consideration of multiple environmental health challenges, the protection of vulnerable groups, government-supported formalization programs, and meaningful involvement of local leadership in developing, implementing, and sustaining intervention strategies to enshrine ASM as a poverty reduction, climate change adaptation strategy.<br><br>Conclusions: Rapidly rising metal prices and demand will continue to fuel environmental health crises associated with mining. Given Africa's growing role in the global mineral economy and the massive number of subsistence communities who will continue to be impacted by climate change, strategies that support responsible artisanal mining are both a necessity for preventing future health crises and an opportunity for promoting regional stability and peace.}, }
@article {pmid35432952, year = {2022}, author = {Huang, KS}, title = {Bilateral emergency export reserve mechanism under climate change.}, journal = {Agriculture &amp; food security}, volume = {11}, number = {1}, pages = {27}, doi = {10.1186/s40066-021-00341-6}, pmid = {35432952}, issn = {2048-7010}, abstract = {Consider that multilateral food aid and regional food security mechanisms may incompletely adapt to the challenges of climate change in future practice. This study proposes a framework of bilateral emergency export reserve mechanism to encourage both participating countries to jointly appoint a transnational agribusiness to manage emergency export reserves as a means of fulfilling its corporate social responsibility (CSR). This mechanism has the features of simplified negotiation, more transparent operating procedures, along with reciprocity in bilateral cooperation, which would provide grain importing countries with a higher degree of safeguarding food security.}, }
@article {pmid35432937, year = {2022}, author = {Pawluk, M and Fujiwara, M and Martinez-Andrade, F}, title = {Climate change linked to functional homogenization of a subtropical estuarine system.}, journal = {Ecology and evolution}, volume = {12}, number = {4}, pages = {e8783}, doi = {10.1002/ece3.8783}, pmid = {35432937}, issn = {2045-7758}, abstract = {Climate change causes marine species to shift and expand their distributions, often leading to changes in species diversity. While increased biodiversity is often assumed to confer positive benefits on ecosystem functioning, many examples have shown that the relationship is specific to the ecosystem and function studied and is often driven by functional composition and diversity. In the northwestern Gulf of Mexico, tropical species expansion was shown to have increased estuarine fish and invertebrate diversity; however, it is not yet known how those increases have affected functional diversity. To address this knowledge gap, two metrics of functional diversity, functional richness (FRic) and functional dispersion (FDis), were estimated in each year for a 38-year study period, for each of the eight major bays along the Texas coast. Then, the community-weighted mean (CWM) trait values for each of the functional traits are calculated to assess how functional composition has changed through time. Finally, principal component analysis (PCA) was used to identify species contributing most to changing functional diversity. We found significant increases in log-functional richness in both spring and fall, and significant decreases in functional dispersion in spring, suggesting that although new functional types are entering the bays, assemblages are becoming more dominated by similar functional types. Community-weighted trait means showed significant increases in the relative abundance of traits associated with large, long-lived, higher trophic level species, suggesting an increase in periodic and equilibrium life-history strategists within the bays. PCA identified mainly native sciaenid species as contributing most to functional diversity trends although several tropical species also show increasing trends through time. We conclude that the climate-driven species expansion in the northwestern Gulf of Mexico led to a decrease in functional dispersion due to increasing relative abundance of species with similar life-history characteristics, and thus the communities have become more functionally homogeneous.}, }
@article {pmid35432785, year = {2022}, author = {Massazza, A and Ardino, V and Fioravanzo, RE}, title = {Climate change, trauma and mental health in Italy: a scoping review.}, journal = {European journal of psychotraumatology}, volume = {13}, number = {1}, pages = {1-16}, doi = {10.1080/20008198.2022.2046374}, pmid = {35432785}, issn = {2000-8066}, abstract = {Background: Climate change is having significant impacts on health and mental health across Europe and globally. Such effects are likely to be more severe in climate change hotspots such as the Mediterranean region, including Italy.<br><br>Objective: To review existing literature on the relationship between climate change and mental health in Italy, with a particular focus on trauma and PTSD.<br><br>Methods: A scoping review methodology was used. We followed guidance for scoping reviews and the PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) checklist. We searched for literature in MEDLINE, Global Health, Embase and PsycINFO. Following screening, data was extracted from individual papers and a quality assessment was conducted. Given the heterogeneity of studies, findings were summarized narratively.<br><br>Results: We identified 21 original research articles investigating the relationship between climate change and mental health in Italy. Climate change stressors (heat and heatwaves in particular) were found to have several negative effects on various mental health outcomes, such as a higher risk of mortality among people with mental health conditions, suicide and suicidal behaviour and psychiatric morbidity (e.g. psychiatric hospitalization and symptoms of mental health conditions). However, there is little research on the relationship between climate change and trauma or PTSD in the Italian context.<br><br>Conclusions: More attention and resources should be directed towards understanding the mental health implications of climate change to prevent, promote, and respond to the mental health needs of Italy and the wider Mediterranean region.<br><br>HIGHLIGHTS: • Climate change stressors in Italy were found to have detrimental impacts on various mental health outcomes, such as psychiatric mortality and morbidity. • Little research on the relationship between climate change stressors and PTSD exists in Italy.}, }
@article {pmid35431378, year = {2022}, author = {Cheval, S and Bulai, A and Croitoru, AE and Dorondel, Ș and Micu, D and Mihăilă, D and Sfîcă, L and Tișcovschi, A}, title = {Climate change perception in Romania.}, journal = {Theoretical and applied climatology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {1-20}, doi = {10.1007/s00704-022-04041-4}, pmid = {35431378}, issn = {0177-798X}, abstract = {In the last decades, anthropogenic drivers have significantly influenced the natural climate variability of Earth's atmosphere. Climate change has become a subject of major interest for different levels of our society, such as national governments, businesses, local administration, or citizens. While national and local policies propose mitigation and adaptation strategies for different sectors, public perception is a key component of any implementation plan. This study investigates the CC perception in Romania, based on a national-scale online survey performed in the spring of 2020, aiming to outline the prominence of environmental and CC issues, level of information and interest, perceived causes, changes perceived in meteorological phenomena at the regional scale, perceived impacts, and the psychological representation of the CC. The study investigates single causal factors of perception. We found that particularly (i) the regional differences on climate change intensity strongly bias the perception of CC causes; (ii) age is very likely to influence the acceptance of CC, the importance of environmental issues, and the levels of information and interest; while (iii) age, gender, and place of residence (rural-urban) are very likely to control the changes perceived in the occurrence of various meteorological phenomena, and their impact. This research is the first statistically relevant analysis (± 4%, statistical significance) developed at national and regional scales and the only study of climate change perception performed during the COVID-19 pandemic in Romania. Its results may represent the baseline for more in-depth research.<br><br>Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00704-022-04041-4.}, }
@article {pmid35429140, year = {2022}, author = {Furlan, E and Derepasko, D and Torresan, S and Pham, HV and Fogarin, S and Critto, A}, title = {Ecosystem services at risk in Italy from coastal inundation under extreme sea level scenarios up to 2050: a spatially resolved approach supporting climate change adaptation.}, journal = {Integrated environmental assessment and management}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1002/ieam.4620}, pmid = {35429140}, issn = {1551-3793}, abstract = {According to the latest projections of the IPCC, at the end of the century, coastal zones and low-lying ecosystems will be increasingly threatened by rising global mean sea levels. In order to support integrated coastal zone management and advance the basic "source-pathway-receptor-consequence" approach focused on traditional receptors (e.g. population, infrastructure, economy), a novel risk framework is proposed able to evaluate potential risks of loss or degradation of ecosystem services (ESs) due to projected extreme sea level scenarios in the Italian coast. Three risk scenarios for the reference period (1969-2010) and future time frame up to 2050 under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 are developed by integrating extreme water-level projections related to changing climate conditions, with vulnerability information about the topography, distance from coastlines, and presence of artificial protections. A risk assessment is then performed considering the potential effects of the spatial-temporal variability of inundations and land use on the supply level and spatial distribution of ESs. The results of the analysis are summarized into a spatially-explicit risk index, useful to rank coastal areas more prone to ESs losses or degradation due to coastal inundation at the national scale. Overall, the Northern Adriatic coast is scored at high risk of ESs loss or degradation in the future scenario. Other small coastal strips with medium risk scores are the Eastern Puglia coast, Western Sardinia, and Tuscany's coast. The ESs coastal risk index provides an easy-to-understand screening assessment that could support the prioritization of areas for coastal adaptation at the national scale. Moreover, this index allows the direct evaluation of the public value of ecosystems and supports more effective territorial planning and environmental management decisions. In particular, it could support the mainstreaming of ecosystem-based approaches (e.g. ecological engineering, green infrastructures) to mitigate the risks of climate change and extreme events while protecting ecosystems and biodiversity. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.© 2022 Society of Environmental Toxicology &amp; Chemistry (SETAC).}, }
@article {pmid35427623, year = {2022}, author = {McKinney, MA and Chételat, J and Burke, SM and Elliott, KH and Fernie, KJ and Houde, M and Kahilainen, KK and Letcher, RJ and Morris, AD and Muir, DCG and Routti, H and Yurkowski, DJ}, title = {Climate change and mercury in the Arctic: Biotic interactions.}, journal = {The Science of the total environment}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {155221}, doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155221}, pmid = {35427623}, issn = {1879-1026}, abstract = {Global climate change has led to profound alterations of the Arctic environment and ecosystems, with potential secondary effects on mercury (Hg) within Arctic biota. This review presents the current scientific evidence for impacts of direct physical climate change and indirect ecosystem change on Hg exposure and accumulation in Arctic terrestrial, freshwater, and marine organisms. As the marine environment is elevated in Hg compared to the terrestrial environment, terrestrial herbivores that exploit coastal/marine foods when terrestrial plants are iced over may be exposed to higher Hg concentrations. However, certain populations of predators, including Arctic fox and polar bears, have shown lower Hg concentrations related to reduced sea ice-based foraging and increased land-based foraging. How climate change influences Hg in Arctic freshwater fishes is not clear, but for lacustrine populations it may depend on lake-specific conditions, including interrelated alterations in lake ice duration, turbidity, food web length and energy sources (benthic to pelagic), and growth dilution. In several marine mammal and seabird species, tissue Hg concentrations have shown correlations with climate and weather variables, including climate oscillation indices and sea ice trends; these findings suggest that wind, precipitation, and cryosphere changes that alter Hg transport and deposition are impacting Hg concentrations in Arctic marine organisms. Ecological changes, including northward range shifts of sub-Arctic species and altered body condition, have also been shown to affect Hg levels in some populations of Arctic marine species. Given the limited number of populations and species studied to date, especially within Arctic terrestrial and freshwater systems, further research is needed on climate-driven processes influencing Hg concentrations in Arctic ecosystems and their net effects. Long-term pan-Arctic monitoring programs should consider ancillary datasets on climate, weather, organism ecology and physiology to improve interpretation of spatial variation and time trends of Hg in Arctic biota.}, }
@article {pmid35427613, year = {2022}, author = {Storms, I and Verdonck, S and Verbist, B and Willems, P and De Geest, P and Gutsch, M and Cools, N and De Vos, B and Mahnken, M and Lopez, J and Van Orshoven, J and Muys, B}, title = {Quantifying climate change effects on future forest biomass availability using yield tables improved by mechanistic scaling.}, journal = {The Science of the total environment}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {155189}, doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155189}, pmid = {35427613}, issn = {1879-1026}, abstract = {Forests and wood products play a major role in climate change mitigation strategies and the transition from a fossil-based economy to a circular bioeconomy. Accurate estimates of future forest productivity are crucial to predict the carbon sequestration and wood provision potential of forests. Since long, forest managers have used empirical yield tables as a cost-effective and reliable way to predict forest growth. However, recent climate change-induced growth shifts raised doubts about the long-term validity of these yield tables. In this study, we propose a methodology to improve available yield tables of 11 tree species in the Netherlands and Flanders, Belgium. The methodology uses scaling functions derived from climate-sensitive process-based modelling (PBM) that reflect state-of-the-art projections of future growth trends. Combining PBM and stand information from the empirical yield tables for the region of Flanders, we found that for the period 1987-2016 stand productivity has on average increased by 13% compared to 1961-1990. Furthermore, simulations indicate that this positive growth trend is most likely to persist in the coming decades, for all considered species, climate or site conditions. Nonetheless, results showed that local site variability is equally important to consider as the in- or exclusion of the CO2 fertilization effect or different climate projections, when assessing the magnitude of forests' response to climate change. Our projections suggest that incorporating these climate change-related productivity changes lead to a 7% increase in standing stock and a 22% increase in sustainably potentially harvestable woody biomass by 2050. The proposed methodology and resulting estimates of climate-sensitive projections of future woody biomass stocks will facilitate the further incorporation of forests and their products in global and regional strategies for the transition to a climate-smart circular bioeconomy.}, }
@article {pmid35425913, year = {2021}, author = {Sitati, A and Joe, E and Pentz, B and Grayson, C and Jaime, C and Gilmore, E and Galappaththi, E and Hudson, A and Alverio, GN and Mach, KJ and van Aalst, M and Simpson, N and Schwerdtle, PN and Templeman, S and Zommers, Z and Ajibade, I and Chalkasra, LSS and Umunay, P and Togola, I and Khouzam, A and Scarpa, G and ,  and de Perez, EC}, title = {Climate change adaptation in conflict-affected countries: A systematic assessment of evidence.}, journal = {Discover sustainability}, volume = {2}, number = {1}, pages = {42}, pmid = {35425913}, issn = {2662-9984}, abstract = {People affected by conflict are particularly vulnerable to climate shocks and climate change, yet little is known about climate change adaptation in fragile contexts. While climate events are one of the many contributing drivers of conflict, feedback from conflict increases vulnerability, thereby creating conditions for a vicious cycle of conflict. In this study, we carry out a systematic review of peer-reviewed literature, taking from the Global Adaptation Mapping Initiative (GAMI) dataset to documenting climate change adaptation occurring in 15 conflict-affected countries and compare the findings with records of climate adaptation finance flows and climate-related disasters in each country. Academic literature is sparse for most conflict-affected countries, and available studies tend to have a narrow focus, particularly on agriculture-related adaptation in rural contexts and adaptation by low-income actors. In contrast, multilateral and bilateral funding for climate change adaptation addresses a greater diversity of adaptation needs, including water systems, humanitarian programming, and urban areas. Even among the conflict-affected countries selected, we find disparity, with several countries being the focus of substantial research and funding, and others seeing little to none. Results indicate that people in conflict-affected contexts are adapting to climate change, but there is a pressing need for diverse scholarship across various sectors that documents a broader range of adaptation types and their results.}, }
@article {pmid35422399, year = {2022}, author = {Faye, JB and Braun, YA}, title = {Soil and human health: Understanding agricultural and socio-environmental risk and resilience in the age of climate change.}, journal = {Health &amp; place}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {102799}, doi = {10.1016/j.healthplace.2022.102799}, pmid = {35422399}, issn = {1873-2054}, abstract = {Prolonged monocropping of commodity crops, such as peanuts (Arachis hypogea L.) in West Africa, typically strips nutrients from soils and may exacerbate vulnerability to insects and diseases. In this paper, we focus on aflatoxins, toxic chemicals produced by certain molds growing on moist crops, as one risk of growing importance for its negative impacts on human health, crop yields, and agricultural livelihoods and ecosystems. We link the increased prevalence of this deadly fungus to the long history of peanut monoculture, exacerbated by market liberalization and China's increased investment and export demand for peanuts, climate change, food insecurity, as well as disregard for and displacement of traditional agricultural knowledge. We use a political ecology approach to place the public health threat from aflatoxin in the context of both historical pressures for cash-crop production of peanuts and contemporary soil degradation, food insecurity, climate change precarity and changes within social and economic systems of agriculture in Senegal.}, }
@article {pmid35422081, year = {2022}, author = {Pillet, M and Goettsch, B and Merow, C and Maitner, B and Feng, X and Roehrdanz, PR and Enquist, BJ}, title = {Elevated extinction risk of cacti under climate change.}, journal = {Nature plants}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, pmid = {35422081}, issn = {2055-0278}, support = {DGE-1746060//National Science Foundation (NSF)/ ; }, abstract = {Cactaceae (cacti), a New World plant family, is one of the most endangered groups of organisms on the planet. Conservation planning is uncertain as it is unclear whether climate and land-use change will positively or negatively impact global cactus diversity. On the one hand, a common perception is that future climates will be favourable to cacti as they have multiple adaptations and specialized physiologies and morphologies for increased heat and drought. On the other hand, the wide diversity of the more than 1,500 cactus species, many of which occur in more mesic and cooler ecosystems, questions the view that most cacti can tolerate warmer and drought conditions. Here we assess the hypothesis that cacti will benefit and expand in potential distribution in a warmer and more drought-prone world. We quantified exposure to climate change through range forecasts and associated diversity maps for 408 cactus species under three Representative Concentration Pathways (2.6, 4.5 and 8.5) for 2050 and 2070. Our analyses show that 60% of species will experience a reduction in favourable climate, with about a quarter of species exposed to environmental conditions outside of the current realized niche in over 25% of their current distribution. These results show low sensitivity to many uncertainties in forecasting, mostly deriving from dispersal ability and model complexity rather than climate scenarios. While current range size and the International Union for Conservation of Nature's Red List category were not statistically significant predictors of predicted future changes in suitable climate area, epiphytes had the greatest exposure to novel climates. Overall, the number of cactus species at risk is projected to increase sharply in the future, especially in current richness hotspots. Land-use change has previously been identified as the second-most-common driver of threat among cacti, affecting many of the ~31% of cacti that are currently threatened. Our results suggest that climate change will become a primary driver of cactus extinction risk with 60-90% of species assessed negatively impacted by climate change and/or other anthropogenic processes, depending on how these threat processes are distributed across cactus species.}, }
@article {pmid35421621, year = {2022}, author = {Lahondère, C and Bonizzoni, M}, title = {Thermal biology of invasive Aedes mosquitoes in the context of climate change.}, journal = {Current opinion in insect science}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {100920}, doi = {10.1016/j.cois.2022.100920}, pmid = {35421621}, issn = {2214-5753}, abstract = {The increasing incidence of arboviral diseases in tropical endemic areas and their emergence in new temperate countries is one of the most important challenges that Public Health agencies are currently facing. Because mosquitoes are poikilotherms, shifts in temperature influence physiological functions besides egg viability. These traits impact not only vector density, but also their interaction with their hosts and arboviruses. As such the relationship among mosquitoes, arboviral diseases and temperature is complex. Here we summarize current knowledge on the thermal biology of Aedes invasive mosquitoes, highlighting differences among species. We also emphasise the need to expand knowledge on the variability in thermal sensitivity across populations within a species, especially in light of climate change that encompasses increase not only in mean environmental temperature but also in the frequency of hot and cold snaps. Finally, we suggest a novel experimental approach to investigate the molecular architecture of thermal adaptation in mosquitoes. KEYWORDS.}, }
@article {pmid35421482, year = {2022}, author = {Guzmán-Luna, P and Nag, R and Martínez, I and Mauricio-Iglesias, M and Hospido, A and Cummins, E}, title = {Quantifying current and future raw milk losses due to bovine mastitis on European dairy farms under climate change scenarios.}, journal = {The Science of the total environment}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {155149}, doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155149}, pmid = {35421482}, issn = {1879-1026}, abstract = {Bovine mastitis is an infectious disease that causes udder inflammation and is responsible for raw milk losses across European dairy farms. It is associated with reduced cow milk yield and contributes to elevated Somatic Cell Count (SCC) in raw milk. Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most prevalent mastitis pathogens that cause subclinical and clinical mastitis and can be present as a coloniser bacterium in cows. Climate change and geographical variability may influence the prevalence of this pathogen. Thus, this research aimed to predict the raw milk losses in three major dairy-producing regions across Europe (i.e. Mediterranean, Atlantic and Continental) under climate change scenarios. An exposure assessment model and a stepwise probabilistic model were developed to predict potential cow milk yield reduction, S. aureus and SCC concentrations in the bulk tank milk at dairy farms. Baseline (i.e. present) and future climate change scenarios were defined, and the resultant concentrations of SCC and S. aureus were compared to the actual European regulatory limits. Across the three regions, raw milk losses ranged from 1.06% to 2.15% in the baseline. However, they increased up to 3.21% in the climate change scenarios when no on-farm improvements were considered. Regarding geographical variation, the highest potential milk losses were reported for the Mediterranean and the lowest for the Continental region. Concerning the fulfilment of the regulatory limits, the mean of S. aureus and SCC levels in milk did not exceed them either in any region or scenario. Nevertheless, when looking at percentiles, the 10th percentile remained above the limits of S. aureus in Atlantic and Mediterranean, but not in the Continental region. The findings provide a snapshot of climate change impacts on raw milk losses due to mastitis. They will allow farmers to detect weaknesses and prepare them to develop adaptation plans to climate change.}, }
@article {pmid35414943, year = {2022}, author = {Mouguiama-Daouda, C and Blanchard, MA and Coussement, C and Heeren, A}, title = {On the Measurement of Climate Change Anxiety: French Validation of the Climate Anxiety Scale.}, journal = {Psychologica Belgica}, volume = {62}, number = {1}, pages = {123-135}, doi = {10.5334/pb.1137}, pmid = {35414943}, issn = {2054-670X}, abstract = {The notion of climate change anxiety has gained traction in the last years. Clayton &amp; Karazsia (2020) recently developed the 22-item Climate Change Anxiety Scale (CAS), which assesses climate change anxiety via a four-factor structure. Yet other research has cast doubts on the very structure of the CAS by calling either for a shorter (i.e. 13 items) two-factor structure or for a shorter single-factor structure (i.e. 13 items). So far, these three different models have not yet been compared in one study. Moreover, uncertainty remains regarding the associations between the CAS and other psychological constructs, especially anxiety and depression. This project was designed to overcome these limitations. In a first preregistered study (n = 305), we translated the scale into French and tested, via confirmatory factor analyses (CFA), whether the French version would better fit with a four-, two-, or single-factor structure, as implied by previous works. We also examined how the CAS factors related to depression, anxiety, and environmental identity. In a second preregistered study, we aimed at replicating our comparison between the three CFA models in a larger sample (n = 905). Both studies pointed to a 13-item version of the scale with a two-factor structure as the best fitting model, with one factor reflecting cognitive and emotional features of climate change anxiety and the other reflecting the related functional impairments. Each factor exhibited a positive association with depression and environmental identity but not with general anxiety. We discuss how this two-factor structure impacts the conceptualization of climate change anxiety.}, }
@article {pmid35414080, year = {2022}, author = {Koldasbayeva, D and Tregubova, P and Shadrin, D and Gasanov, M and Pukalchik, M}, title = {Large-scale forecasting of Heracleum sosnowskyi habitat suitability under the climate change on publicly available data.}, journal = {Scientific reports}, volume = {12}, number = {1}, pages = {6128}, pmid = {35414080}, issn = {2045-2322}, support = {70-2021-00145 02.11.2021//Analytical center under the RF Government (subsidy agreement 000000D730321P5Q0002)/ ; }, abstract = {This research aims to establish the possible habitat suitability of Heracleum sosnowskyi (HS), one of the most aggressive invasive plants, in current and future climate conditions across the territory of the European part of Russia. We utilised a species distribution modelling framework using publicly available data of plant occurrence collected in citizen science projects (CSP). Climatic variables and soil characteristics were considered to follow possible dependencies with environmental factors. We applied Random Forest to classify the study area. We addressed the problem of sampling bias in CSP data by optimising the sampling size and implementing a spatial cross-validation scheme. According to the Random Forest model built on the finally selected data shape, more than half of the studied territory in the current climate corresponds to a suitability prediction score higher than 0.25. The forecast of habitat suitability in future climate was highly similar for all climate models. Almost the whole studied territory showed the possibility for spread with an average suitability score of 0.4. The mean temperature of the wettest quarter and precipitation of wettest month demonstrated the highest influence on the HS distribution. Thus, currently, the whole study area, excluding the north, may be considered as s territory with a high risk of HS spreading, while in the future suitable locations for the HS habitat will include high latitudes. We showed that chosen geodata pre-processing, and cross-validation based on geospatial blocks reduced significantly the sampling bias. Obtained predictions could help to assess the risks accompanying the studied plant invasion capturing the patterns of the spread, and can be used for the conservation actions planning.}, }
@article {pmid35414063, year = {2022}, author = {Reed, KA and Wehner, MF and Zarzycki, CM}, title = {Attribution of 2020 hurricane season extreme rainfall to human-induced climate change.}, journal = {Nature communications}, volume = {13}, number = {1}, pages = {1905}, pmid = {35414063}, issn = {2041-1723}, support = {DE-SC0016605//U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)/ ; DE340AC02-05CH11231//U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)/ ; DE-SC0016605//U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)/ ; }, abstract = {The 2020 North Atlantic hurricane season was one of the most active on record, causing heavy rains, strong storm surges, and high winds. Human activities continue to increase the amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, resulting in an increase of more than 1 °C in the global average surface temperature in 2020 compared to 1850. This increase in temperature led to increases in sea surface temperature in the North Atlantic basin of 0.4-0.9 °C during the 2020 hurricane season. Here we show that human-induced climate change increased the extreme 3-hourly storm rainfall rates and extreme 3-day accumulated rainfall amounts during the full 2020 hurricane season for observed storms that are at least tropical storm strength (>18 m/s) by 10 and 5%, respectively. When focusing on hurricane strength storms (>33 m/s), extreme 3-hourly rainfall rates and extreme 3-day accumulated rainfall amounts increase by 11 and 8%, respectively.}, }
@article {pmid35413947, year = {2022}, author = {Li, Y and Brando, PM and Morton, DC and Lawrence, DM and Yang, H and Randerson, JT}, title = {Deforestation-induced climate change reduces carbon storage in remaining tropical forests.}, journal = {Nature communications}, volume = {13}, number = {1}, pages = {1964}, pmid = {35413947}, issn = {2041-1723}, support = {Reducing Uncertainty in Biogeochemical Interactions through Synthesis and Computation//U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)/ ; Reducing Uncertainty in Biogeochemical Interactions through Synthesis and Computation//U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)/ ; 80NSSC20K0590//National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)/ ; 80NSSC20K0590//National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)/ ; 80NSSC18K0179/NASA/NASA/United States ; 80NSSC20K0590//National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)/ ; 80NSSC18K0179/NASA/NASA/United States ; 1852977//National Science Foundation (NSF)/ ; }, abstract = {Biophysical effects from deforestation have the potential to amplify carbon losses but are often neglected in carbon accounting systems. Here we use both Earth system model simulations and satellite-derived estimates of aboveground biomass to assess losses of vegetation carbon caused by the influence of tropical deforestation on regional climate across different continents. In the Amazon, warming and drying arising from deforestation result in an additional 5.1 ± 3.7% loss of aboveground biomass. Biophysical effects also amplify carbon losses in the Congo (3.8 ± 2.5%) but do not lead to significant additional carbon losses in tropical Asia due to its high levels of annual mean precipitation. These findings indicate that tropical forests may be undervalued in carbon accounting systems that neglect climate feedbacks from surface biophysical changes and that the positive carbon-climate feedback from deforestation-driven climate change is higher than the feedback originating from fossil fuel emissions.}, }
@article {pmid35412814, year = {2022}, author = {Hyde-Smith, L and Zhan, Z and Roelich, K and Mdee, A and Evans, B}, title = {Climate Change Impacts on Urban Sanitation: A Systematic Review and Failure Mode Analysis.}, journal = {Environmental science &amp; technology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1021/acs.est.1c07424}, pmid = {35412814}, issn = {1520-5851}, abstract = {Climate change will stress urban sanitation systems. Although urban sanitation uses various infrastructure types and service systems, current research appears skewed toward a small subset of cases. We conducted a systematic literature review to critically appraise the evidence for climate change impacts on all urban sanitation system types. We included road-based transport networks, an essential part of fecal sludge management systems. We combined the evidence on climate change impacts with the existing knowledge about modes of urban sanitation failures. We found a predominance of studies that assess climate impacts on centralized sewerage in high-income contexts. The implications of climate change for urban nonsewered and complex, fragmented, and (partially) decentralized sanitation systems remain under-researched. In addition, the understanding of the impacts of climate change on urban sanitation systems fails to take a comprehensive citywide perspective considering interdependencies with other sectors and combinations of climate effects. We conclude that the evidence for climate change impacts on urban sanitation systems is weak. To date, research neither adequately represents the variety of urban sanitation infrastructure and service systems nor reflects the operational and management challenges of already stressed systems.}, }
@article {pmid35412145, year = {2022}, author = {Narouei, M and Javadi, SA and Khodagholi, M and Jafari, M and Azizinezhad, R}, title = {Correction to: Modeling the effects of climate change on the potential distribution of the rangeland species Gymnocarpus decander Forssk (case study: Arid region of southeastern Iran).}, journal = {Environmental monitoring and assessment}, volume = {194}, number = {5}, pages = {359}, doi = {10.1007/s10661-022-09920-x}, pmid = {35412145}, issn = {1573-2959}, }
@article {pmid35411661, year = {2022}, author = {Scarponi, D and Nawrot, R and Azzarone, M and Pellegrini, C and Gamberi, F and Trincardi, F and Kowalewski, M}, title = {Resilient biotic response to long-term climate change in the Adriatic Sea.}, journal = {Global change biology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1111/gcb.16168}, pmid = {35411661}, issn = {1365-2486}, support = {//ExxonMobil Upstream Research Company/ ; //University of Florida Jon A. and Beverly L. Thompson Endowment/ ; //Ricerca Fondamentale Orientata-RFO 2020/ ; EAR-1559196//The National Science Foundation/ ; }, abstract = {Preserving adaptive capacities of coastal ecosystems, which are currently facing the ongoing climate warming and a multitude of other anthropogenic impacts, requires an understanding of long-term biotic dynamics in the context of major environmental shifts prior to human disturbances. We quantified responses of nearshore mollusk assemblages to long-term climate and sea-level changes using 223 samples (~71,300 specimens) retrieved from latest Quaternary sediment cores of the Adriatic coastal systems. These cores provide a rare chance to study coastal systems that existed during glacial lowstands. The fossil mollusk record indicates that nearshore assemblages of the penultimate interglacial (Late Pleistocene) shifted in their faunal composition during the subsequent ice age, and then reassembled again with the return of interglacial climate in the Holocene. These shifts point to a climate-driven habitat filtering modulated by dispersal processes. The resilient, rather than persistent or stochastic, response of the mollusk assemblages to long-term environmental changes over at least 125 thousand years highlights the historically unprecedented nature of the ongoing anthropogenic stressors (e.g., pollution, eutrophication, bottom trawling, and invasive species) that are currently shifting coastal regions into novel system states far outside the range of natural variability archived in the fossil record.}, }
@article {pmid35411065, year = {2022}, author = {Witze, A}, title = {Climate change - four decades of missed opportunities.}, journal = {Nature}, volume = {604}, number = {7905}, pages = {239-240}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-022-00998-4}, pmid = {35411065}, issn = {1476-4687}, }
@article {pmid35409962, year = {2022}, author = {Petrescu-Mag, RM and Burny, P and Banatean-Dunea, I and Petrescu, DC}, title = {How Climate Change Science Is Reflected in People's Minds. A Cross-Country Study on People's Perceptions of Climate Change.}, journal = {International journal of environmental research and public health}, volume = {19}, number = {7}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3390/ijerph19074280}, pmid = {35409962}, issn = {1660-4601}, abstract = {The way people perceive climate change scientific evidence becomes relevant in motivating or demotivating their climate actions. Climate change is one of the most publicized topics globally, and media has become an important "validator" of science. Therefore, science has become more exposed to criticism. Even when most scientists, decision makers, and laypeople agree on the robust evidence of climate science, there is still room for disagreement. The main aim of this paper is to reveal how climate change knowledge generated by science is perceived by the laypeople and to observe a possible gap between them. The study answered two questions "What are the main contrasting climate change topics in the scientific literature?" and "What are Romanian and Belgian participants' perceptions of these topics?". A qualitative approach was chosen for data analysis, using Quirkos software. The present cross-country study showed commonalities and differences of views between the two groups of participants regarding six climate change topics. Divergent perceptions among Belgians and Romanians came out, for example, within the theme "The heroes, villains, and victims of climate change." Thus, whereas Belgians considered all people, including themselves, responsible for climate change, Romanians blamed mostly others, such as big companies, governments, and consumers. Additionally, both groups stated that climate change existed, but contrary to Belgians, Romanians voiced that climate change was often used as an exaggerated and politicized topic. The analysis revealed that perceptions about climate change, its causes, and its impacts are social constructs with a high degree of variability between and within the two national groups. The study argued that the cleavages between scientific literature and people's views were blind spots on which a participatory approach was needed to better cope with climate change challenges.}, }
@article {pmid35409825, year = {2022}, author = {Qu, G and Zhang, Y and Tan, K and Han, J and Qu, W}, title = {Exploring Knowledge Domain and Emerging Trends in Climate Change and Environmental Audit: A Scientometric Review.}, journal = {International journal of environmental research and public health}, volume = {19}, number = {7}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3390/ijerph19074142}, pmid = {35409825}, issn = {1660-4601}, support = {71874103//Natural Science Foundation of China "the Study of Sources, Influential Mechanism and Behavioral Evolution on Haze Governance and Public Health under Public Participating in Environmental Behaviors (71874103)/ ; }, abstract = {Environmental audit is inevitably linked to climate change, one immediate target of the auditors is likely to be climate control, and the warming of the Earth and the consequent climatic changes affect us all. What is the link between environmental audit and climate change? What ties together some of these themes between environmental audit and climate change? The interaction between climate change and environmental audit has been one of the most challenging. In this paper, a scientometric analysis of 84 academic publications between 2013 and 2021 related to climate change and environmental audit is presented to characterize the knowledge domain by using the CiteSpace visualization software. First, we present the number of publications, the number of citations, research categories, and journals published through Web of Science database. Secondly, we analyze countries, authors, and journals with outstanding contributions through network analysis. Finally, we use keyword analysis and apply three types of knowledge mapping to our research, cluster view, timeline view, and time zone view, revealing the focus and future directions. We identify the most important topic in the field of climate change and environment audit as represented on the basis of existing literature data which include the Carbon Emissions, Social Capital, Energy Audit, Corporate Governance, Diffusion of Innovation Environmental Management System, and Audit Committee. The results show that climate change and environmental audit publications grew slowly, but the research are widely cited by scholars. Published journals are relatively scattered, but the cited journals are the world's top journals, and most research countries are developed countries. The most productive authors and institutions in this subject area are in UK, Australia, USA, Spain, and Netherlands. There are no leading figures, but the content of their research can be divided into six clusters. Future research content involving city, policy, dynamics, information, biodiversity, conservation and clustering social capital, diffusion of innovation environmental management, and audit committee are the directions for future research. It is worth noting that cities, policies, and adaptability are closely linked to public health.}, }
@article {pmid35408124, year = {2022}, author = {Xue, L and Kappas, M and Wyss, D and Wang, C and Putzenlechner, B and Thi, NP and Chen, J}, title = {Assessment of Climate Change and Human Activities on Vegetation Development in Northeast China.}, journal = {Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)}, volume = {22}, number = {7}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3390/s22072509}, pmid = {35408124}, issn = {1424-8220}, abstract = {Vegetation in Northeast China (NEC) has faced dual challenges posed by climate change and human activities. However, the factors dominating vegetation development and their contribution remain unclear. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive evaluation of the response of vegetation in different land cover types, climate regions, and time scales to water availability from 1990 to 2018 based on the relationship between normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI). The effects of human activities and climate change on vegetation development were quantitatively evaluated using the residual analysis method. We found that the area percentage with positive correlation between NDVI and SPEI increased with time scales. NDVI of grass, sparse vegetation, rain-fed crop, and built-up land as well as sub-humid and semi-arid areas (drylands) correlated positively with SPEI, and the correlations increased with time scales. The negatively correlated area was concentrated in humid areas or areas covered by forests and shrubs. Vegetation water surplus in humid areas weakens with warming, and vegetation water constraints in drylands enhance. Moreover, potential evapotranspiration had an overall negative effect on vegetation, and precipitation was a controlling factor for vegetation development in semi-arid areas. A total of 53% of the total area in NEC showed a trend of improvement, which is mainly attributed to human activities (93%), especially through the implementation of ecological restoration projects in NEC. The relative role of human activities and climate change in vegetation degradation areas were 56% and 44%, respectively. Our findings highlight that the government should more explicitly consider the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of the influence of human activities and water availability on vegetation under changing climate and improve the resilience of regional water resources. The relative proportions and roles map of climate change and human activities in vegetation change areas provide a basis for government to formulate local-based management policies.}, }
@article {pmid35405230, year = {2022}, author = {Lemes, P and Barbosa, FG and Naimi, B and Araújo, MB}, title = {Dispersal abilities favor commensalism in animal-plant interactions under climate change.}, journal = {The Science of the total environment}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {155157}, doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155157}, pmid = {35405230}, issn = {1879-1026}, abstract = {Scientists still poorly understand how biotic interactions and dispersal limitation jointly interact and affect the ability of species to track suitable habitats under climate change. Here, we examine how animal-plant interactions and dispersal limitations might affect the responses of Brazil nut-dependent frogs facing projected climate change. Using ecological niche modelling and dispersal simulations, we forecast the future distributions of the Brazil nut tree and three commensalist frog species over time (2030, 2050, 2070, and 2090) in the regional rivalry (SSP370) scenario that includes great challenges to mitigation and adaptation. With the exception of one species, projections point to a decrease in suitable habitats of up to 40.6%. For frog species with potential reductions of co-occurrence areas, this is expected to reduce up to 23.8% of suitable areas for binomial animal-plant relationships. Even so, biotic interactions should not be lost over time. Species will depend on their own dispersal abilities to reach analogous climates in the future for maintaining ecological and evolutionary processes associated with commensal taxa. However, ecological and evolutionary processes associated with commensal taxa should be maintained in accordance with their own dispersal ability. When dispersal limitation is included in the models, the suitable range of all three frog species is reduced considerably by the end of the century. This highlights the importance of dispersal limitation inclusion for forecasting future distribution ranges when biotic interactions matter.}, }
@article {pmid35403301, year = {2022}, author = {Guo, PL and Guo, ZQ and Liu, XD}, title = {Cuticular protein genes involve heat acclimation of insect larvae under global warming.}, journal = {Insect molecular biology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1111/imb.12777}, pmid = {35403301}, issn = {1365-2583}, abstract = {Cuticular proteins (CPs) play important roles in insect growth and development. However, it's unknown whether CPs are related to heat tolerance. Cnaphalocrocis medinalis, a serious pest of rice, occurs in summer and exhibits strong adaptability to high temperature, but the underlying mechanism is unclear. Here, the role of CP genes in heat acclimation was studied. Heat tolerance of the heat-acclimated larvae was significantly stronger than the unacclimated larvae. The cuticular protein content in the heat-acclimated larvae was higher than that of the unacclimated larvae. 191 presumed CP genes of C. medinalis (CmCPs) were identified. Expression patterns of 14 CmCPs were different between the heat acclimated (S39) and unacclimated (S27) larvae under heat stress. CmCPs were specifically expressed in epidermis and the head except CmCPR20 mainly expressed in Malpighian tubules. CmCPR20 was upregulated in S39 while downregulated in S27, but CmTweedle1 and CmCPG1 were upregulated in S27 and downregulated in S39. RNAi CmTweedle1 or CmCPG1 remarkably decreased heat tolerance and cuticular protein content of the heat-acclimated larvae, but not the unacclimated larvae. RNAi CmCPR20 decreased heat tolerance and cuticular protein content of the unacclimated larvae, but not the heat-acclimated larvae. CmTweedle1 and CmCPG1 genes involve heat acclimation of C. medinalis. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.}, }
@article {pmid35402099, year = {2022}, author = {Becerra-López, JL and Cruz-Elizalde, R and Ramírez-Bautista, A and Magno-Benítez, I and Ballesteros-Barrera, C and Alvarado-Díaz, J and Bryson, RW and Hernández-Salinas, U and Díaz-Marín, CA and Berriozabal-Islas, C and Fraire-Galindo, K and Tello-Ruiz, J and Czaja, A and Torres-Delgado, MG}, title = {Does size matter? An analysis of the niche width and vulnerability to climate change of fourteen species of the genus Crotalus from North America.}, journal = {PeerJ}, volume = {10}, number = {}, pages = {e13154}, doi = {10.7717/peerj.13154}, pmid = {35402099}, issn = {2167-8359}, abstract = {The niche comprises the set of abiotic and biotic environmental conditions in which a species can live. Consequently, those species that present broader niches are expected to be more tolerant to changes in climatic variations than those species that present reduced niches. In this study, we estimate the amplitude of the climatic niche of fourteen species of rattlesnakes of the genus Crotalus to evaluate whether those species that present broader niches are less susceptible to the loss of climatically suitable zones due to the projected climate change for the time period 2021-2040. Our results suggest that for the species under study, the breadth of the niche is not a factor that determines their vulnerability to climatic variations. However, 71.4% of the species will experience increasingly inadequate habitat conditions, mainly due to the increase in temperature and the contribution that this variable has in the creation of climatically suitable zones for most of these species.}, }
@article {pmid35398413, year = {2022}, author = {Xu, X and Jiao, F and Liu, H and Gong, H and Zou, C and Lin, N and Xue, P and Zhang, M and Wang, K}, title = {Persistence of increasing vegetation gross primary production under the interactions of climate change and land use changes in Northwest China.}, journal = {The Science of the total environment}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {155086}, doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155086}, pmid = {35398413}, issn = {1879-1026}, abstract = {Substantial evidence suggests a widespread increase in global vegetation gross primary production (GPP) since the 1980s. If the increasing trend of GPP remains unchanged in the future, it is considered to be the persistence of increasing GPP. However, it is still unknown whether the vegetation increasing GPP is persistent under the interactive effects of climate change and land use changes in Northwest China. Using the Mann-Kendall and boosted regression tree models, we constructed the relationship between the increasing GPP and environmental variables, and further explored its persistence under the interactions between climate change and land use changes under SSP245 and SSP585 scenarios. The results indicated that: (1) Land use change (8.01%) was the most important variable for the increasing GPP. The surface net solar radiation (6.79%), and maximum temperature of the warmest month (6.78%) were also very important. Moreover, mean temperature of the warmest quarter had strong interactions with mean precipitation of the warmest quarter (9.82%) and land use change (8.24%). (2) Under the SSP245 scenario, the persistence of increasing GPP accounted for 65.06% of the area in 2100, mainly located in Qinghai, Ningxia, and Shaanxi, while it only accounted for 19.50% under the SSP585 scenario. (3) The SSP245 scenario moderate warming leads to a slight ecosystem benefit, with more areas developing an increase in GPP due to climate and land use change factors. On the other hand, under SSP585 scenario, there are widespread losses of increasing GPP, driven largely by climate change, while ecological engineering is conducive to the persistence of increasing GPP in southern Qinghai. The results highlight the importance of the interactive effects of climate change and land use changes for predicting the persistence of vegetation change.}, }
@article {pmid35398315, year = {2022}, author = {Vijay, V and Kapoor, R and Singh, P and Hiloidhari, M and Ghosh, P}, title = {Sustainable utilization of biomass resources for decentralized energy generation and climate change mitigation: A regional case study in India.}, journal = {Environmental research}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {113257}, doi = {10.1016/j.envres.2022.113257}, pmid = {35398315}, issn = {1096-0953}, abstract = {Clean energy transition via utilizing biomass resources has been projected as an important climate change mitigation strategy. A vital characteristic of biomass is its localized nature; therefore, bioenergy utilization should follow decentralized planning. Agrarian countries like India can take benefit of its large agricultural biomass waste pool to produce clean renewable energy. However, prior knowledge of spatio-temporal distribution, competing uses, and biomass characteristics are necessary for successful bioenergy planning. This paper assesses biomass resource and its power generation potential at different agro-climatic zone levels in the state of Rajasthan, India considering crop residue biomass (25 different crop residues from 14 crops) and livestock manure (from cattle, buffalo, and poultry). Uncertainties associated with the availability of biomass and the power generation potential are assessed for each agro-climatic zone under different scenarios. Greenhouse gases (GHGs) emissions from biomass-based power generations are also estimated and compared with biomass-equivalent coal power plants. It is observed that the annual biomass power potential of Rajasthan is 3056 MW (2496 MW from crop residues and 560 MW from livestock manure). Scenario analysis suggests that the potential varies from 2445 to 6045 MW under different biomass availability and power plant operating conditions. Annual GHGs emissions due to biomass power generation is 5053 kt CO2eq. Replacing coal-based power with biomass power would result in annual GHGs savings of 11412 kt CO2eq. The paper also discusses various carriers and barriers viz. logistics, institutional, financial and technical in setting up decentralized bioenergy plants. Outcomes of the present study are expected to assist renewable energy planners in India.}, }
@article {pmid35397213, year = {2022}, author = {Vineis, P and Romanello, M and Michelozzi, P and Martuzzi, M}, title = {Health co-benefits of climate change action in Italy.}, journal = {The Lancet. Planetary health}, volume = {6}, number = {4}, pages = {e293-e294}, doi = {10.1016/S2542-5196(22)00061-4}, pmid = {35397213}, issn = {2542-5196}, }
@article {pmid35396664, year = {2022}, author = {Poletti, M and Preti, A and Raballo, A}, title = {From economic crisis and climate change through COVID-19 pandemic to Ukraine war: a cumulative hit-wave on adolescent future thinking and mental well-being.}, journal = {European child &amp; adolescent psychiatry}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, pmid = {35396664}, issn = {1435-165X}, }
@article {pmid35396388, year = {2022}, author = {Kirschner, P and Perez, MF and Záveská, E and Sanmartín, I and Marquer, L and Schlick-Steiner, BC and Alvarez, N and ,  and Steiner, FM and Schönswetter, P}, title = {Congruent evolutionary responses of European steppe biota to late Quaternary climate change.}, journal = {Nature communications}, volume = {13}, number = {1}, pages = {1921}, pmid = {35396388}, issn = {2041-1723}, support = {P25955//Austrian Science Fund (Fonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung)/ ; P25955//Austrian Science Fund (Fonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung)/ ; P25955//Austrian Science Fund (Fonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung)/ ; P25955//Austrian Science Fund (Fonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung)/ ; P25955//Austrian Science Fund (Fonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung)/ ; }, abstract = {Quaternary climatic oscillations had a large impact on European biogeography. Alternation of cold and warm stages caused recurrent glaciations, massive vegetation shifts, and large-scale range alterations in many species. The Eurasian steppe biome and its grasslands are a noteworthy example; they underwent climate-driven, large-scale contractions during warm stages and expansions during cold stages. Here, we evaluate the impact of these range alterations on the late Quaternary demography of several phylogenetically distant plant and insect species, typical of the Eurasian steppes. We compare three explicit demographic hypotheses by applying an approach combining convolutional neural networks with approximate Bayesian computation. We identified congruent demographic responses of cold stage expansion and warm stage contraction across all species, but also species-specific effects. The demographic history of the Eurasian steppe biota reflects major paleoecological turning points in the late Quaternary and emphasizes the role of climate as a driving force underlying patterns of genetic variance on the biome level.}, }
@article {pmid35395349, year = {2022}, author = {Silva, ARR and Malheiro, C and Loureiro, S and González-Alcaraz, MN}, title = {Toxicity of historically metal(loid)-contaminated soils to Folsomia candida under the influence of climate change alterations.}, journal = {Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {119256}, doi = {10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119256}, pmid = {35395349}, issn = {1873-6424}, abstract = {Global warming is drastically altering the climate conditions of our planet. Soils will be among the most affected components of terrestrial ecosystems, especially in contaminated areas. In this study we investigated if changes in climate conditions (air temperature, soil moisture) affect the toxicity of historically metal(loid)-contaminated soils to the invertebrate Folsomia candida, followed by an assessment of its recovery capacity. Ecotoxicity tests (assessing survival, reproduction) were performed in field soils affected by metal(loid)s under different climate scenarios, simulated by individually changing air temperature or soil moisture conditions. The scenarios tested were: standard conditions (20 °C + 50% soil water holding capacity-WHC); increased air temperature (daily fluctuation of 20-30 °C + 50% WHC); soil drought (20 °C + 25% WHC); soil flood (20 °C + 75% WHC). Recovery potential was assessed under standard conditions in clean soil. Increased temperature was the major climate condition negatively affecting collembolans performance (decreased survival and reproduction), regardless of metal(loid) contamination. Drought and flood conditions presented less pronounced effects. When it was possible to move to the recovery phase (enough juveniles in exposure phase), F. candida was apparently able to recover from the exposure to metal(loid) contamination and/or climate alterations. The present study showed that forecasted climate alterations in areas already affected by contamination should be considered to improve environmental risk assessment.}, }
@article {pmid35395025, year = {2022}, author = {Yang, J and Jiang, P and Huang, Y and Yang, Y and Wang, R and Yang, Y}, title = {Potential geographic distribution of relict plant Pteroceltis tatarinowii in China under climate change scenarios.}, journal = {PloS one}, volume = {17}, number = {4}, pages = {e0266133}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0266133}, pmid = {35395025}, issn = {1932-6203}, abstract = {Pteroceltis tatarinowii (Pteroceltis: Ulmaceae) is a deciduous tree that has a cultivation history of more than 2000 years in China. As an excellent afforestation tree species and rare and endangered tertiary relic plant, P. tatarinowii has high ecological protection value. Due to the forest destruction caused by predatory logging and natural environmental factors, the population of P. tatarinowii in China has decreased significantly. In this study, the potential geographical distribution of P. tatarinowii in China under climate change was predicted using MaxEnt model and ArcGIS based on 223 effective distribution points of P. tatarinowii and 11 environmental variables. The results showed that: (1) the prediction accuracy of MaxEnt model was extremely high, and the areas under curve (AUC) value of the training data was 0.936; The area of the potential suitable habitat area of P. tatarinowii under current climate condition was 180.84×104 km2, and mainly located in the central and southeast regions of China. (2) The domain environmental variables affecting the potential geographical distribution of P. tatarinowii were min temperature of coldest month (12.1~22.7°C), isothermality (26.6~35.8), mean diurnal range 6.9~9.3°C and precipitation of wettest month (189.5 ~955.5 mm). (3) In 2050s and 2070s, compared with current (4.19×104 km2), the area of highly suitable habitat will increase by 0.2%-0.3% (RCP2.6) and 1.22%-3.84% (RCP8.5) respectively. while the poorly, moderately and total suitable habitats will decrease. The gravity center of P. tatarinowii showed a trend of migration to higher latitudes and northern regions in the future. These results will provide theoretical basis for cultivation management and resource protection of P. tatarinowii.}, }
@article {pmid35393324, year = {2022}, author = {Montoro-Ramírez, EM and Parra-Anguita, L and Álvarez-Nieto, C and Parra, G and López-Medina, I}, title = {Effects of climate change in the elderly's health: a scoping review protocol.}, journal = {BMJ open}, volume = {12}, number = {4}, pages = {e058063}, doi = {10.1136/bmjopen-2021-058063}, pmid = {35393324}, issn = {2044-6055}, abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Climate change is a global problem that affects human health, especially the most vulnerable groups, including the elderly. However, no scope review includes the perspective of institutions specialised in climate change and health and whose reports are the basis for policies orientated on the environmental health. Therefore, this study aims to identify these effects on older people health. The results will allow health professionals to have valuable information enabling them to provide quality care in meeting the demand that this situation is producing.<br><br>METHODS AND ANALYSIS: A scoping review of the relevant literature will be performed from 2008 to 2021. The Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines and the PRISMA-Scoping Review Extension checklist will be used. A peer-reviewed search will be conducted using the electronic databases Medline, Scopus, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Cochrane, PsycINFO and Cuiden Plus between October and December 2021. Original quantitative studies and reports from official agencies on the effects of climate change on the elderly health in any health and geographical context will be included. Literature selection will be made by two reviewers. The table format used for data extraction will be reviewed by the review team and tested by two reviewers.<br><br>ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: This study does not require approval by an ethics committee to be conducted. This article will result in the mapping of the direct and indirect effects of climate change on the health of the elderly. The results will be published in scientific journals to be accessible to health professionals in the creation of care plans for the elderly at climate risk.}, }
@article {pmid35391645, year = {2022}, author = {Laurent, J and Lavergne, E and Couteau, J and Le Floch, S and Ouddane, B and Cachot, J and Davail, B and Clérandeau, C and Devin, S and Fisson, C and Devaux, A and Amara, R and Diop, M and Pichereau, V and Laroche, J}, title = {Impacts of chemical stress, season, and climate change on the flounder population of the highly anthropised Seine estuary (France).}, journal = {Environmental science and pollution research international}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1007/s11356-022-20000-y}, pmid = {35391645}, issn = {1614-7499}, support = {Seine Aval 6 - HQFish//Groupement d'Intérêt Public Seine-Aval/ ; }, abstract = {The main objective of this study was to improve our knowledge on the responses of fish populations to multistress (diffuse pollution and warming waters) in estuaries. Adult flounders were caught in two estuaries in the Eastern English Channel: the heavily polluted Seine estuary vs the moderately contaminated Canche estuary. Fish samplings were conducted in January just before the reproduction period, and in July when gonads were at rest. The overall rise in coastal winter water temperatures detected over the Channel impairs the flounder's phenology of reproduction in the two estuaries, inducing a delay of maturation process and probably also spawning. The higher liver histopathology index in Seine vs Canche could be the consequence of the fish exposition to a complex cocktail of contaminants in a strongly industrialized estuary. Higher levels of neurotoxicity, gill lipid peroxidation, and liver EROD activity were observed in Seine vs Canche. Furthermore, a possible impairment in mitochondrial metabolism was suggested in the Seine flounder population. We confirmed in this study the potential role of two membrane lipids (sphingomyelin and phosphatidylserine) in the resistance towards oxidative stress in Seine and Canche. Finally, we suggest that the Seine flounder population (and possibly the connected Eastern English Channel flounder populations over the French Coast) could be seriously impacted in the future by multistress: higher winter temperatures and chemical contamination.}, }
@article {pmid35390507, year = {2022}, author = {Swaegers, J and Koch, EL}, title = {Gene expression studies of plastic and evolutionary responses to global warming.}, journal = {Current opinion in insect science}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {100918}, doi = {10.1016/j.cois.2022.100918}, pmid = {35390507}, issn = {2214-5753}, abstract = {Phenotypic plasticity can be a rapid response for coping with global warming, yet may be insufficient to protect species from extinction. Evolutionary adaptation may reinforce adaptive or oppose maladaptive plastic responses. With advances in technology whole transcriptomes can provide us with an unprecedented overview of genes and functional processes underlying the interplay between plasticity and evolution. We advocate that insects provide ideal opportunities to study plasticity in non-adapted and thermally adapted populations to infer reaction norms across the whole transcriptome ('reactionomes'). This can advance our understanding of how the interplay between plasticity and evolution shapes responses to warming. So far, a limited number of studies suggests predominantly maladaptive plastic responses to novel environments that are reduced with time, but much more research is needed to infer general patterns.}, }
@article {pmid35390383, year = {2022}, author = {Douchet, L and Goarant, C and Mangeas, M and Menkes, C and Hinjoy, S and Herbreteau, V}, title = {Unraveling the invisible leptospirosis in mainland Southeast Asia and its fate under climate change.}, journal = {The Science of the total environment}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {155018}, doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155018}, pmid = {35390383}, issn = {1879-1026}, abstract = {Leptospirosis is a neglected waterborne zoonosis of growing concern in tropical and low-income regions. Endemic in Southeast Asia, its distribution and environmental factors such as climate controlling its dynamics remain poorly documented. In this paper, we investigate for the first time the current and future leptospirosis burden at a local scale in mainland Southeast Asia. We adjusted machine-learning models on incidence reports from the Thai surveillance system to identify environmental determinants of leptospirosis. The explanatory variables tested in our models included climate, topographic, land cover and soil variables. The model performing the best in cross-validation was used to estimate the current incidence regionally in Thailand, Myanmar, Cambodia, Vietnam and Laos. It then allowed to predict the spatial distribution of leptospirosis future burden from 2021 to 2100 based on an ensemble of CMIP6 climate model projections and 4 Shared Socio-economics Pathways ranging from the most optimistic to the no-climate policy outcomes (SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, SSP3-7.0 and SSP5-8.5). Leptospirosis incidence was best estimated by 10 environmental variables: four landscape-, four rainfall-, two temperature-related variables. Of all tested scenario, the worst-case scenario of climate change (SSP5-8.5) surprisingly appeared as the best-case scenario for the future of leptospirosis since it would induce a significant global decline in disease incidence in Southeast Asia mainly driven by the increasing temperatures. These global patterns are however contrasted regionally with some regions showing increased incidence in the future. Our work highlights climate and the environment as major drivers of leptospirosis incidence in Southeast Asia. Applying our model to regions where leptospirosis is not routinely monitored suggests an overlooked burden in the region. As our model focuses on leptospirosis responses to environmental drivers only, some other factors, such as poverty, lifestyle or behavioral changes, could further influence these estimated future patterns.}, }
@article {pmid35389535, year = {2022}, author = {Iram, N and Maher, DT and Lovelock, CE and Baker, T and Cadier, C and Adame, MF}, title = {Climate change mitigation and improvement of water quality from the restoration of a subtropical coastal wetland.}, journal = {Ecological applications : a publication of the Ecological Society of America}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {e2620}, doi = {10.1002/eap.2620}, pmid = {35389535}, issn = {1051-0761}, abstract = {Coastal wetland restoration is an important activity to achieve greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction targets, improve water quality, and reach the Sustainable Development Goals. However, there are still many uncertainties on achieving, measuring, and reporting success from coastal wetland restoration. We measured levels of carbon (C) abatement and nitrogen (N) removal potential of restored coastal wetlands in subtropical Queensland. The site was originally a supratidal forest comprised of Melaleuca spp. that was cleared and drained in the 1990s for sugarcane production. In 2010, tidal inundation was reinstated, and a mosaic of coastal vegetation (saltmarsh, mangroves, and supratidal forests) emerged. We measured soil GHG fluxes (CH4 , N2 O, CO2) and sequestration of organic C in the trees and soil to estimate the net C abatement associated with the reference, converted, and restored sites. To assess the influence of restoration on water quality improvement, we measured denitrification and soil N accumulation. We calculated C abatement of 18.5 Mg CO2-eq ha-1 y-1 when sugarcane land transitioned to supratidal forests, 11.0 Mg CO2-eq ha-1 y-1 when transitioned to mangroves and 6.2 Mg CO2-eq ha-1 y-1 when transitioned to saltmarsh. The C abatement was due to tree growth, soil accumulation, and reduced N2 O emissions due to the cessation of fertilisation. Carbon abatement was still positive, even accounting for CH4 emissions, which increased in the wetlands due to flooding and N2 O production due to enhanced levels of denitrification. Coastal wetland restoration in this subtropical setting effectively reduces CO2 emissions while providing additional co-benefits, notably water quality improvement.}, }
@article {pmid35389171, year = {2022}, author = {Abubakar, A and Yusoff Ishak, M and Makmom, AA}, title = {Correction to: Impacts of and adaptation to climate change on the oil palm in Malaysia: a systematic review.}, journal = {Environmental science and pollution research international}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1007/s11356-022-19547-7}, pmid = {35389171}, issn = {1614-7499}, }
@article {pmid35389053, year = {2022}, author = {Töpfer, R and Trapp, O}, title = {A cool climate perspective on grapevine breeding: climate change and sustainability are driving forces for changing varieties in a traditional market.}, journal = {TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, pmid = {35389053}, issn = {1432-2242}, abstract = {A multitude of diverse breeding goals need to be combined in a new cultivar, which always forces to compromise. The biggest challenge grapevine breeders face is the extraordinarily complex trait of wine quality, which is the all-pervasive and most debated characteristic. Since the 1920s, Germany runs continuous grapevine breeding programmes. This continuity was the key to success and lead to various new cultivars on the market, so called PIWIs. Initially, introduced pests and diseases such as phylloxera, powdery and downy mildew were the driving forces for breeding. However, preconceptions about the wine quality of new resistant selections impeded the market introduction. These preconceptions are still echoing today and may be the reason in large parts of the viticultural community for: (1) ignoring substantial breeding progress, and (2) sticking to successful markets of well-known varietal wines or blends (e.g. Chardonnay, Cabernet Sauvignon, Riesling). New is the need to improve viticulture´s sustainability and to adapt to changing environmental conditions. Climate change with its extreme weather will impose the need for a change in cultivars in many wine growing regions. Therefore, a paradigm shift is knocking on the door: new varieties (PIWIs) versus traditional varieties for climate adapted and sustainable viticulture. However, it will be slow process and viticulture is politically well advised to pave the way to variety innovation. In contrast to the widely available PIWIs, competitive cultivars created by means of new breeding technologies (NBT, e.g. through CRISPR/Cas) are still decades from introduction to the market.}, }
@article {pmid35388965, year = {2022}, author = {Lind, L and Eckstein, RL and Relyea, RA}, title = {Direct and indirect effects of climate change on distribution and community composition of macrophytes in lentic systems.}, journal = {Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1111/brv.12858}, pmid = {35388965}, issn = {1469-185X}, support = {//The Jefferson Project at Lake George/ ; //Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute/ ; }, abstract = {Macrophytes are an important part of freshwater ecosystems and they have direct and indirect roles in keeping the water clear and providing structure and habitats for other aquatic organisms. Currently, climate change is posing a major threat to macrophyte communities by altering the many drivers that determine macrophyte abundance and composition. We synthesise current literature to examine the direct effects of climate change (i.e. changes in CO2 , temperature, and precipitation patterns) on aquatic macrophytes in lakes as well as indirect effects via invasive species and nutrient dynamics. The combined effects of climate change are likely to lead to an increased abundance and distribution of emergent and floating species, and a decreased abundance and distribution of submerged macrophytes. In small shallow lakes, these processes are likely to be faster than in deep temperate lakes; with lower light levels, water level fluctuations and increases in temperature, the systems will become dominated by algae. In general, specialized macrophyte species in high-latitude and high-altitude areas will decrease in number while more competitive invasive species are likely to outcompete native species. Given that the majority of endemic species reside in tropical lakes, climate change, together with other anthropogenic pressures, might cause the extinction of a large number of endemic species. Lakes at higher altitudes in tropical areas could therefore potentially be a hotspot for future conservation efforts for protecting endemic macrophyte species. In response to a combination of climate-change induced threats, the macrophyte community might collapse, which will change the status of lakes and may initiate a negative feedback loop that will affect entire lake ecosystems.}, }
@article {pmid35388477, year = {2022}, author = {Pastore, MA and Classen, AT and D'Amato, AW and Foster, JR and Adair, EC}, title = {Cold-air pools as microrefugia for ecosystem functions in the face of climate change.}, journal = {Ecology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {e3717}, doi = {10.1002/ecy.3717}, pmid = {35388477}, issn = {1939-9170}, abstract = {Cold-air pooling is a global phenomenon that frequently sustains low temperatures in sheltered, low-lying depressions and valleys and drives other key environmental conditions, such as soil temperature, soil moisture, vapor pressure deficit, frost frequency, and winter dynamics. Local climate patterns in areas prone to cold-air pooling are partly decoupled from regional climates and thus may be buffered from macroscale climate change. There is compelling evidence from studies across the globe that cold-air pooling impacts plant communities and species distributions, making these decoupled microclimate areas potentially important microrefugia for species under climate warming. Despite interest in the potential for cold-air pools to enable species persistence under warming, studies investigating the effects of cold-air pooling on ecosystem processes are scarce. Because local temperatures and vegetation composition are critical drivers of ecosystem processes like carbon cycling and storage, cold-air pooling may also act to preserve ecosystem functions. We review research exploring the ecological impacts of cold-air pooling with a focus on vegetation, and then present a new conceptual framework in which cold-air pooling creates feedbacks between species and ecosystem properties that generate unique hotspots for carbon accrual in some systems relative to areas more vulnerable to regional climate change impacts. Finally, we describe key steps to motivate future research investigating the potential for cold-air pools to serve as microrefugia for ecosystem functions under climate change.}, }
@article {pmid35388036, year = {2022}, author = {Bozorg-Haddad, O and Dehghan, P and Zolghadr-Asli, B and Singh, VP and Chu, X and Loáiciga, HA}, title = {System dynamics modeling of lake water management under climate change.}, journal = {Scientific reports}, volume = {12}, number = {1}, pages = {5828}, pmid = {35388036}, issn = {2045-2322}, abstract = {Lake Urmia, the twentieth largest lake in the world, is the most valuable aquatic ecosystem in Iran. The lake water level has decreased in recent years due to human activities and climate change. Several studies have highlighted the significant roles of climatic and anthropogenic factors on the shrinkage of the lake. Management policies for water resources harvesting must be adopted to adapt to climate change and avoid the consequent problems stemming from the drought affecting Lake Urmia, and rationing must be applied to the upstream water demands. This study analyzes strategies and evaluates their effectiveness in overcoming the Urmia Lake crisis. Specifically, system dynamics analysis was performed for simulating the water volume of Lake Urmia, and the Hadley Centre coupled model was applied to project surface temperature and precipitation for two future periods: 2021-2050 and 2051-2080. Six management scenarios were considered for decreasing the allocation of agricultural water demand corresponding to two options: (1) one-reservoir option (Bukan reservoir only), and (2) six-reservoir option. The net inflow of Urmia Lake was simulated for the two future periods with the IHACRES model and with artificial neural network models under the six management scenarios. The annual average volumes of Lake Urmia would be 30 × 109 and 12 × 109 m3 over the first and second future periods, respectively, without considering the management scenarios. The lake volumes would rise by about 50% and 75% for the first and second periods, respectively under the management scenarios that involve strict protective measures and elimination of the effect of all dams and their reservoirs. Implementing strict measures would increase the annual average lake volume to 21 × 109 m3 in the second period; yet, this volume would be less than the long-term average and strategic volume. The human water use would be completely eliminated under Scenario 6. Nevertheless, Lake Urmia would experience a considerable loss of storage because of drought.}, }
@article {pmid35387618, year = {2022}, author = {Di Napoli, C and McGushin, A and Romanello, M and Ayeb-Karlsson, S and Cai, W and Chambers, J and Dasgupta, S and Escobar, LE and Kelman, I and Kjellstrom, T and Kniveton, D and Liu, Y and Liu, Z and Lowe, R and Martinez-Urtaza, J and McMichael, C and Moradi-Lakeh, M and Murray, KA and Rabbaniha, M and Semenza, JC and Shi, L and Tabatabaei, M and Trinanes, JA and Vu, BN and Brimicombe, C and Robinson, EJ}, title = {Tracking the impacts of climate change on human health via indicators: lessons from the Lancet Countdown.}, journal = {BMC public health}, volume = {22}, number = {1}, pages = {663}, pmid = {35387618}, issn = {1471-2458}, support = {209734/Z/17/Z/WT_/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: In the past decades, climate change has been impacting human lives and health via extreme weather and climate events and alterations in labour capacity, food security, and the prevalence and geographical distribution of infectious diseases across the globe. Climate change and health indicators (CCHIs) are workable tools designed to capture the complex set of interdependent interactions through which climate change is affecting human health. Since 2015, a novel sub-set of CCHIs, focusing on climate change impacts, exposures, and vulnerability indicators (CCIEVIs) has been developed, refined, and integrated by Working Group 1 of the "Lancet Countdown: Tracking Progress on Health and Climate Change", an international collaboration across disciplines that include climate, geography, epidemiology, occupation health, and economics.<br><br>DISCUSSION: This research in practice article is a reflective narrative documenting how we have developed CCIEVIs as a discrete set of quantifiable indicators that are updated annually to provide the most recent picture of climate change's impacts on human health. In our experience, the main challenge was to define globally relevant indicators that also have local relevance and as such can support decision making across multiple spatial scales. We found a hazard, exposure, and vulnerability framework to be effective in this regard. We here describe how we used such a framework to define CCIEVIs based on both data availability and the indicators' relevance to climate change and human health. We also report on how CCIEVIs have been improved and added to, detailing the underlying data and methods, and in doing so provide the defining quality criteria for Lancet Countdown CCIEVIs.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Our experience shows that CCIEVIs can effectively contribute to a world-wide monitoring system that aims to track, communicate, and harness evidence on climate-induced health impacts towards effective intervention strategies. An ongoing challenge is how to improve CCIEVIs so that the description of the linkages between climate change and human health can become more and more comprehensive.}, }
@article {pmid35387022, year = {2021}, author = {Gehrig, R and Clot, B}, title = {50 Years of Pollen Monitoring in Basel (Switzerland) Demonstrate the Influence of Climate Change on Airborne Pollen.}, journal = {Frontiers in allergy}, volume = {2}, number = {}, pages = {677159}, doi = {10.3389/falgy.2021.677159}, pmid = {35387022}, issn = {2673-6101}, abstract = {Climate change and human impact on vegetation modify the timing and the intensity of the pollen season. The 50 years of pollen monitoring in Basel, Switzerland provide a unique opportunity to study long-term changes in pollen data. Since 1969, pollen monitoring has been carried out in Basel with a Hirst-type pollen trap. Pollen season parameters for start dates, end dates and duration were calculated with different pollen season definitions, which are commonly used in aerobiology. Intensity was analyzed by the annual pollen integral (APIn), peak value and the number of days above specific thresholds. Linear trends were calculated with the non-parametric Mann Kendall method with a Theil-Sen linear trend slope. During the last 50 years, linear increase of the monthly mean temperatures in Basel was 0.95-1.95°C in the 3 winter months, 2-3.7°C in spring months and 2.75-3.85°C in summer months. Due to this temperature increase, the start dates of the pollen season for most of the spring pollen species have advanced, from 7 days for Poaceae to 29 days for Taxus/Cupressaceae. End dates of the pollen season depend on the chosen pollen season definition. Negative trends predominate, i.e., the pollen season mostly ends earlier. Trends in the length of the pollen season depend even more on the season definitions and results are contradictory and often not significant. The intensity of the pollen season of almost all tree pollen taxa increased significantly, while the Poaceae pollen season did not change and the pollen season of herbs decreased, except for Urticaceae pollen. Climate change has a particular impact on the pollen season, but the definitions used for the pollen season parameters are crucial for the calculation of the trends. The most stable results were achieved with threshold definitions that indicate regular occurrence above certain concentrations. Percentage definitions are not recommended for trend studies when the annual pollen integral changed significantly.}, }
@article {pmid35387018, year = {2021}, author = {Damialis, A and Smith, M and Galán, C}, title = {Editorial: Climate Change and Aeroallergens.}, journal = {Frontiers in allergy}, volume = {2}, number = {}, pages = {794430}, doi = {10.3389/falgy.2021.794430}, pmid = {35387018}, issn = {2673-6101}, }
@article {pmid35386984, year = {2021}, author = {Levetin, E}, title = {Aeroallergens and Climate Change in Tulsa, Oklahoma: Long-Term Trends in the South Central United States.}, journal = {Frontiers in allergy}, volume = {2}, number = {}, pages = {726445}, doi = {10.3389/falgy.2021.726445}, pmid = {35386984}, issn = {2673-6101}, abstract = {Climate change is having a significant effect on many allergenic plants resulting in increased pollen production and shifts in plant phenology. Although these effects have been well-studied in some areas of the world, few studies have focused on long-term changes in allergenic pollen in the South Central United States. This study examined airborne pollen, temperature, and precipitation in Tulsa, Oklahoma over 25 to 34 years. Pollen was monitored with a Hirst-type spore trap on the roof of a building at the University of Tulsa and meteorology data were obtained from the National Weather Service. Changes in total pollen intensity were examined along with detailed analyses of the eight most abundant pollen types in the Tulsa atmosphere. In addition to pollen intensity, changes in pollen season start date, end date, peak date and season duration were also analyzed. Results show a trend to increasing temperatures with a significant increase in annual maximum temperature. There was a non-significant trend toward increasing total pollen and a significant increase in tree pollen over time. Several individual taxa showed significant increases in pollen intensity over the study period including spring Cupressaceae and Quercus pollen, while Ambrosia pollen showed a significant decrease. Data from the current study also indicated that the pollen season started earlier for spring pollinating trees and Poaceae. Significant correlations with preseason temperature may explain the earlier pollen season start dates along with a trend toward increasing March temperatures. More research is needed to understand the global impact of climate change on allergenic species, especially from other regions that have not been studied.}, }
@article {pmid35386396, year = {2022}, author = {Laverdière, JP and Lenz, P and Nadeau, S and Depardieu, C and Isabel, N and Perron, M and Beaulieu, J and Bousquet, J}, title = {Breeding for adaptation to climate change: genomic selection for drought response in a white spruce multi-site polycross test.}, journal = {Evolutionary applications}, volume = {15}, number = {3}, pages = {383-402}, doi = {10.1111/eva.13348}, pmid = {35386396}, issn = {1752-4571}, abstract = {With climate change, increasingly intense and frequent drought episodes will be affecting water availability for boreal tree species, prompting tree breeders and forest managers to consider adaptation to drought stress as a priority in their reforestation efforts. We used a 19-year-old polycross progeny test of the model conifer white spruce (Picea glauca) replicated on two sites affected by distinct drought episodes at different ages to estimate the genetic control and the potential for improvement of drought response in addition to conventional cumulative growth and wood quality traits. Drought response components were measured from dendrochronological signatures matching drought episodes in wood ring increment cores. We found that trees with more vigorous growth during their lifespan resisted better during the current year of a drought episode when the drought had more severe effects. Phenotypic data were also analyzed using genomic prediction (GBLUP) relying on the genomic relationship matrix of multi-locus gene SNP marker information, and conventional analysis (ABLUP) based on validated pedigree information. The accuracy of predicted breeding values for drought response components was marginally lower than that for conventional traits and comparable between GBLUP and ABLUP. Genetic correlations were generally low and nonsignificant between drought response components and conventional traits, except for resistance which was positively correlated to tree height. Heritability estimates for the components of drought response were slightly lower than for conventional traits, but similar single-trait genetic gains could be obtained. Multi-trait genomic selection simulations indicated that it was possible to improve simultaneously for all traits on both sites while sacrificing little on gain in tree height. In a context of rapid climate change, our results suggest that with careful phenotypic assessment, drought response may be considered in multi-trait improvement of white spruce, with accelerated screening of large numbers of candidates and selection at young age with genomic selection.}, }
@article {pmid35385980, year = {2022}, author = {Gwambene, B and Liwenga, E and Mung'ong'o, C}, title = {Climate Change and Variability Impacts on Agricultural Production and Food Security for the Smallholder Farmers in Rungwe, Tanzania.}, journal = {Environmental management}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, pmid = {35385980}, issn = {1432-1009}, abstract = {Climate change and variability pose serious challenges among smallholder farmers in developing countries. Low adaptive capacity aggravates the challenges to farming activities and ecosystem management. This study employed survey methods to assess the implications of climate variability and environmental changes in agricultural production and food security. The study used different research methods, including literature review, participatory rural appraisal, household questionnaire, key informant interview and field observation for data collection. The data collected were organised, triangulated, synthesised, processed, analysed using thematic and trend analyses for qualitative data and Microsoft Excel and SPSS 20 software programme manipulation for quantitative data. Severe and frequent climatic extremes that include drought, heavy rainfall, temperature variations, and strong winds are smallholder farmers' main challenges in production. As a result, the production trends and productivity of the main rainfed crops decreased significantly. The duration of the growing season also decreased, negatively affecting the local food supplies. The statistical results signify a robust negative correlation between climate variability and the production of the leading food crops (X2 = 6.00 with p = 0.199 and X2 = 10.00 with p = 0.350). In addressing the challenges, improving farming practices such as crop diversification and improved extension services were suggested. However, such options would require appropriate environmentally friendly technologies in an enabling environment both locally and nationally.}, }
@article {pmid35384686, year = {2022}, author = {Dos Santos, M and John, J and Garland, R and Palakatsela, R and Banos, A and Martens, P and Nemukula, B and Ramathuba, M and Nkohla, F and Lenyibi, K}, title = {Climate change and health within the South African context: A thematic content analysis study of climate change and health expert interviews.}, journal = {African journal of primary health care &amp; family medicine}, volume = {14}, number = {1}, pages = {e1-e12}, doi = {10.4102/phcfm.v14i1.3203}, pmid = {35384686}, issn = {2071-2936}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Climate change presents an unprecedented and urgent threat to human health and survival. South Africa's health response will require a strong and effective intersectoral organisational effort.<br><br>AIM: Exploratory interview outcomes are used to advance practice and policy recommendations, as well as for broad input in the development of a draft national framework for a health risk and vulnerability assessment (RVA) for national departments.<br><br>SETTING: Nationally in South Africa.<br><br>METHOD: Twenty key expert interviews were conducted with South African experts in the field of climate change and health. Interview data was analysed by means of thematic content analysis.<br><br>RESULTS: Findings suggest that previously poor communities are most at risk to the impacts of climate change on health, as well as those with underlying medical conditions. Climate change may also serve as a catalyst for improving the healthcare system overall and should serve as the conduit to do so. A draft climate change and health RVA should take into account existing frameworks and should be implemented by local government. It is also critical that the health and health system impacts from climate change are well understood, especially in light of the plans to implement the (South African) National Health Insurance (NHI) scheme.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Practice and policy initiatives should be holistic in nature. Consideration should be given to forming a South African National Department of Climate Change, or a similar coordinating body between the various national departments in South Africa, as health intercepts with all other domains within the climate change field.}, }
@article {pmid35384533, year = {2022}, author = {Islam, MM and Chowdhury, MAM and Begum, RA and Amir, AA}, title = {A bibliometric analysis on the research trends of climate change effects on economic vulnerability.}, journal = {Environmental science and pollution research international}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, pmid = {35384533}, issn = {1614-7499}, abstract = {The climate change effect has received a crucial concern from global policymakers as well as academic researchers. The climate change effect is a real-world issue threatening the existence of species and human beings, thus causing the economic vulnerability. Apart from policymakers, academic researchers are showing their concern on the effect of climate change on economic and socioeconomic vulnerability through publishing research articles in the recent decade. In light of the revolution of research articles, this study applied a bibliometric analysis on the academic research articles to explore the publication trends, themes, impacts, and potential scopes for further studies. Both the Scopus and the Web of Science online databases were used to search for journal articles linked to climate change effects and economic vulnerability. The final data of 229 journal articles were analyzed using bibliometric and visualization tools "Biblioshiny" and "VOSViewer." The findings unveiled an uprising trend in publications and posited several themes, mainly exposure, sensitivity, drought, and flood by means of climate change effects that affect economic vulnerability. Based on the findings and review of literature, several research gaps were identified and offered opportunities for further studies. The policymakers can attribute attention to encouraging more research in several areas in addition to agriculture and coastal regions.}, }
@article {pmid35383264, year = {2022}, author = {Pomoim, N and Hughes, AC and Trisurat, Y and Corlett, RT}, title = {Vulnerability to climate change of species in protected areas in Thailand.}, journal = {Scientific reports}, volume = {12}, number = {1}, pages = {5705}, pmid = {35383264}, issn = {2045-2322}, support = {GEF-5810//Global Environment Facility/ ; }, abstract = {Although 23% of Thailand's land is in protected areas, these are vulnerable to climate change. We used spatial distribution modelling for 866 vertebrate and 591 plant species to understand potential climate change impacts on species in protected areas. Most mammals, birds, and plants were projected to decline by 2070, but most amphibians and reptiles were projected to increase. By 2070 under RCP8.5, 54% of modeled species will be threatened and 11 nationally extinct. However, SDMs are sensitive to truncation of the climate space currently occupied by habitat loss and hunting, and apparent truncation by data limitations. In Thailand, lowland forest clearance has biased records for forest-dependent species to cooler uplands (> 250 m a.s.l.) and hunting has confined larger vertebrates to well-protected areas. In contrast, available data is biased towards lowland non-forest taxa for amphibians and reptiles. Niche truncation may therefore have resulted in overestimation of vulnerability for some mammal and plant species, while data limitations have likely led to underestimation of the threat to forest-dependent amphibians and reptiles. In view of the certainty of climate change but the many uncertainties regarding biological responses, we recommend regular, long-term monitoring of species and communities to detect early signals of climate change impacts.}, }
@article {pmid35383210, year = {2022}, author = {Galani, YJH and Hansen, EMØ and Droutsas, I and Holmes, M and Challinor, AJ and Mikkelsen, TN and Orfila, C}, title = {Effects of combined abiotic stresses on nutrient content of European wheat and implications for nutritional security under climate change.}, journal = {Scientific reports}, volume = {12}, number = {1}, pages = {5700}, pmid = {35383210}, issn = {2045-2322}, support = {BB/P027784/1/BB_/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom ; BB/P027784/1/BB_/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom ; BB/P027784/1/BB_/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom ; }, abstract = {Climate change is causing problems for agriculture, but the effect of combined abiotic stresses on crop nutritional quality is not clear. Here we studied the effect of 10 combinations of climatic conditions (temperature, CO2, O3 and drought) under controlled growth chamber conditions on the grain yield, protein, and mineral content of 3 wheat varieties. Results show that wheat plants under O3 exposure alone concentrated + 15 to + 31% more grain N, Fe, Mg, Mn P and Zn, reduced K by - 5%, and C did not change. Ozone in the presence of elevated CO2 and higher temperature enhanced the content of Fe, Mn, P and Zn by 2-18%. Water-limited chronic O3 exposure resulted in + 9 to + 46% higher concentrations of all the minerals, except K. The effect of climate abiotic factors could increase the ability of wheat to meet adult daily dietary requirements by + 6% to + 12% for protein, Zn and Fe, but decrease those of Mg, Mn and P by - 3% to - 6%, and K by - 62%. The role of wheat in future nutrition security is discussed.}, }
@article {pmid35382594, year = {2022}, author = {Grimalda, G and Belianin, A and Hennig-Schmidt, H and Requate, T and Ryzhkova, MV}, title = {Sanctions and international interaction improve cooperation to avert climate change.}, journal = {Proceedings. Biological sciences}, volume = {289}, number = {1972}, pages = {20212174}, doi = {10.1098/rspb.2021.2174}, pmid = {35382594}, issn = {1471-2954}, abstract = {Imposing sanctions on non-compliant parties to international agreements is advocated as a remedy for international cooperation failure. Nevertheless, sanctions are costly, and rational choice theory predicts their ineffectiveness in improving cooperation. We test sanctions effectiveness experimentally in international collective-risk social dilemmas simulating efforts to avoid catastrophic climate change. We involve individuals from countries where sanctions were shown to be effective (Germany) or ineffective (Russia) in increasing cooperation. Here, we show that, while this result still holds nationally, international interaction backed by sanctions is beneficial. Cooperation by low cooperator groups increases relative to national cooperation and converges to the levels of high cooperators. This result holds regardless of revealing other group members' nationality, suggesting that participants' specific attitudes or stereotypes over the other country were irrelevant. Groups interacting under sanctions contribute more to catastrophe prevention than what would maximize expected group payoffs. This behaviour signals a strong propensity for protection against collective risks.}, }
@article {pmid35381997, year = {2022}, author = {Twyman-Ghoshal, A and Patten, E and Ciaramella, E}, title = {Exploring Media Representations of the Nexus Between Climate Change and Crime in the United States.}, journal = {Critical criminology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {1-22}, doi = {10.1007/s10612-022-09608-1}, pmid = {35381997}, issn = {1572-9877}, abstract = {Information on the criminal causes and effects of the climate crisis has the potential to shape public understanding of the problem, influence behavior(s), and prompt policy decisions. This article examines the mediated representation of climate change and crime in the United States to understand whether and how these issues are being portrayed. Using a content analysis of top online media stories in 2018, we found that there is a paucity of coverage on the nexus of climate change and crime. The few stories that did discuss the subject were often oversimplified and showed a lack of critical and informative coverage of the subject. Media coverage of climate change and crime needs more attention. This means that social scientists should dedicate more time to this research and to creating awareness around the climate change-social harm nexus. It also requires that social scientists are actively included in the discussions of the social effects of climate change.}, }
@article {pmid35381526, year = {2022}, author = {Wang, J and Ding, Y and Wang, S and Watson, AE and He, H and Ye, H and Ouyang, X and Li, Y}, title = {Pixel-scale historical-baseline-based ecological quality: Measuring impacts from climate change and human activities from 2000 to 2018 in China.}, journal = {Journal of environmental management}, volume = {313}, number = {}, pages = {114944}, doi = {10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.114944}, pmid = {35381526}, issn = {1095-8630}, abstract = {Widespread concern about ecological degradation has prompted development of concepts and exploration of methods to quantify ecological quality with the aim of measuring ecosystem changes to contribute to future policy-making. This paper proposes a conceptual framework for ecological quality measurement based on current ecosystem functions and biodiverse habitat, compared with pixel-scale historical baselines. The framework was applied to evaluate the changes and driving factors of ecological quality for Chinese terrestrial ecosystems through remote sensing-based and ecosystem process modeled data at 1 km spatial resolution from 2000 to 2018. The results demonstrated the ecological quality index (EQI) had a very different spatial pattern based upon vegetation distribution. An upward trend in EQI was found over most areas, and variability of 46.95% in EQI can be explained well by change in climate, with an additional 10.64% explained by changing human activities, quantified by population density. This study demonstrated a practical and objective approach for quantifying and assessing ecological quality, which has application potential in ecosystem assessments on scales from local to region and nation, yet would provide a new scientific concept and paradigm for macro ecosystems management and decision-making by governments.}, }
@article {pmid35381262, year = {2022}, author = {Chi, G and Su, X and Lyu, H and Li, H and Xu, G and Zhang, Y}, title = {Prediction and evaluation of groundwater level changes in an over-exploited area of the Baiyangdian Lake Basin, China under the combined influence of climate change and ecological water recharge.}, journal = {Environmental research}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {113104}, doi = {10.1016/j.envres.2022.113104}, pmid = {35381262}, issn = {1096-0953}, abstract = {Groundwater (GW) and surface water (SW) are important components of water resources and play key roles in social and economic development and regional ecological security. There are currently several stresses placing immense pressure on the GW resources of the Baiyangdian Lake Basin (BLB) in China, including climate change. A series of ecological and environmental challenges have manifested in the plain area of the BLB due to long-term over-exploitation of GW, including regional declines in GW level, aquifer drainage, land subsidence, and soil secondary salinization. Climate change may aggravate environmental challenges by altering GW recharge rates and availability of GW. This study applied the fully processed and physically-based numerical models, MODFLOW and the Soil &amp; Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) in a semi-coupled modeling framework. The aim of the study was to quantitatively analyze changes to shallow GW levels and reserves in the plain area of BLB over the next 15 years (2021-2035) under climate change and different artificial recharge schemes. The results indicated that GW storage and levels are rising under the different GW recharge schemes. The maximum variation in the GW level was 20-30 m under a rainfall assurance rate of 50% and water level in the depression cone increased 14.20-14.98 m. This study can act as a theoretical basis for the development of a more sustainable GW management scheme in the plain area of the BLB and for the management and protection of aquifers in other areas with serious GW overdraft.}, }
@article {pmid35381021, year = {2022}, author = {González, JB and Sánchez, A}, title = {Multilevel predictors of climate change beliefs in Africa.}, journal = {PloS one}, volume = {17}, number = {4}, pages = {e0266387}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0266387}, pmid = {35381021}, issn = {1932-6203}, abstract = {Although Africa is the most vulnerable region to climate change, little research has focused on how climate change is perceived by Africans. Using random forest methodology, we analyze survey and climate data from second-order political boundaries to explore what predicts climate change beliefs in Africa. We include five different dimensions of climate change beliefs: climate change awareness, belief in anthropogenic climate change, risk perception, the need to stop climate change, and self-efficacy. Based on these criteria we identify five key results: (1) climate change in Africa is largely perceived through its negative impacts on agriculture; (2) actual changes in local climate conditions are related to climate change beliefs; (3) authoritarian and intolerant ideologies are associated to less climate change awareness, and a diminished risk perception and belief that it must be stopped; (4) women are less likely to be aware of climate change, and (5) not speaking French, English or Portuguese is linked to a hindered understanding of climate beliefs. Our combined results can help policy makers better understand the need to jointly consider the multilevel complexities of individual beliefs and hydroclimatic data for the development of more accurate adaptation and mitigation strategies to combat the impacts of climate change in Africa.}, }
@article {pmid35379587, year = {2022}, author = {Black, L and Li, K and Shendell, DG}, title = {Expanding awareness of climate change, sustainability, and environmental health through an introductory short online course for high school students.}, journal = {Explore (New York, N.Y.)}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.explore.2022.03.006}, pmid = {35379587}, issn = {1878-7541}, }
@article {pmid35379378, year = {2022}, author = {Del Castillo, FA}, title = {Ecological Citizenship and Climate Change: Role of Education in Public Health.}, journal = {Disaster medicine and public health preparedness}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {1}, doi = {10.1017/dmp.2022.68}, pmid = {35379378}, issn = {1938-744X}, }
@article {pmid35378646, year = {2022}, author = {Abbass, K and Qasim, MZ and Song, H and Murshed, M and Mahmood, H and Younis, I}, title = {A review of the global climate change impacts, adaptation, and sustainable mitigation measures.}, journal = {Environmental science and pollution research international}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, pmid = {35378646}, issn = {1614-7499}, abstract = {Climate change is a long-lasting change in the weather arrays across tropics to polls. It is a global threat that has embarked on to put stress on various sectors. This study is aimed to conceptually engineer how climate variability is deteriorating the sustainability of diverse sectors worldwide. Specifically, the agricultural sector's vulnerability is a globally concerning scenario, as sufficient production and food supplies are threatened due to irreversible weather fluctuations. In turn, it is challenging the global feeding patterns, particularly in countries with agriculture as an integral part of their economy and total productivity. Climate change has also put the integrity and survival of many species at stake due to shifts in optimum temperature ranges, thereby accelerating biodiversity loss by progressively changing the ecosystem structures. Climate variations increase the likelihood of particular food and waterborne and vector-borne diseases, and a recent example is a coronavirus pandemic. Climate change also accelerates the enigma of antimicrobial resistance, another threat to human health due to the increasing incidence of resistant pathogenic infections. Besides, the global tourism industry is devastated as climate change impacts unfavorable tourism spots. The methodology investigates hypothetical scenarios of climate variability and attempts to describe the quality of evidence to facilitate readers' careful, critical engagement. Secondary data is used to identify sustainability issues such as environmental, social, and economic viability. To better understand the problem, gathered the information in this report from various media outlets, research agencies, policy papers, newspapers, and other sources. This review is a sectorial assessment of climate change mitigation and adaptation approaches worldwide in the aforementioned sectors and the associated economic costs. According to the findings, government involvement is necessary for the country's long-term development through strict accountability of resources and regulations implemented in the past to generate cutting-edge climate policy. Therefore, mitigating the impacts of climate change must be of the utmost importance, and hence, this global threat requires global commitment to address its dreadful implications to ensure global sustenance.}, }
@article {pmid35378269, year = {2022}, author = {Yusuf, E and Luijendijk, A and Roo-Brand, G and Friedrich, AW}, title = {The Unintended Contribution of Clinical Microbiology Laboratories to Climate Change and Mitigation Strategies: A Combination of Descriptive Study, Short Survey, Literature Review and Opinion.}, journal = {Clinical microbiology and infection : the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.cmi.2022.03.034}, pmid = {35378269}, issn = {1469-0691}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Climate change poses a significant threat to humanity and human activity is largely responsible for it. Clinical microbiology laboratories have their unintended shares in CO2 emission. The aim of this study is to estimate CO2 emission of a clinical microbiology laboratory, and to propose initiatives to reduce the emissions.<br><br>METHODS: CO2 emission of instruments was estimated based on their electricity consumption. CO2 emitted in producing consumables was estimated by weighing the consumables needed to perform major tests in a large academic hospital. A systematic literature review was performed to identify studies on the impact of clinical microbiology laboratories on the environment. A short survey was sent to four major manufacturers of agar plates on initiatives to reduce the environmental impact of their products. Opinion was given on activities that can reduce CO2 emission in laboratories.<br><br>RESULTS: The study shows that the largest amount of CO2 emission in the microbiological laboratories comes from consumables and personnel commuting. For example, the production and transportation of agar plates needed to culture samples for a year in a hospital with 1320 beds, result in 16,590 kg CO2 is emitted. All survey participants mentioned that they were committed to reduce environmental impact of their products. The initiatives to reduce CO2 emission can be performed at the laboratory and at policy level, such as reducing the number of tests to only the necessary amount to reduce consumables.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: The calculations contribute to map CO2-related emissions in clinical microbiology laboratory activities, and the proposed initiatives to reduce the CO2 may serve as starting point for further discussions.}, }
@article {pmid35377292, year = {2021}, author = {Nilsson, M and Sie, A and Muindi, K and Bunker, A and Ingole, V and Ebi, KL}, title = {Weather, climate, and climate change research to protect human health in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia.}, journal = {Global health action}, volume = {14}, number = {sup1}, pages = {1984014}, doi = {10.1080/16549716.2021.1984014}, pmid = {35377292}, issn = {1654-9880}, abstract = {Weather, climate, and climate change are affecting human health, with scientific evidence increasing substantially over the past two decades, but with very limited research from low- and middle-income countries. The health effects of climate change occur mainly because of the consequences of rising temperatures, rising sea levels, and an increase in extreme weather events. These exposures interact with demographic, socio-economic, and environmental factors, as well as access to and the quality of health care, to affect the magnitude and pattern of risks. Health risks are unevenly distributed around the world, and within countries and across population groups. Existing health challenges and inequalities are likely to be exacerbated by climate change. This narrative review provides an overview of the health impacts of weather, climate, and climate change, particularly on vulnerable regions and populations in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia, and discusses the importance of protecting human health in a changing climate; such measures are critical to reducing poverty and inequality at all scales. Three case summaries from the INDEPTH Health and Demographic Surveillance Systems highlight examples of research that quantified associations between weather and health outcomes. These and comparable surveillance systems can provide critical knowledge to increase resilience and decrease inequalities in an increasingly warming world.}, }
@article {pmid35373178, year = {2022}, author = {Gray, K}, title = {Climate Change, Human Health, and Health Informatics: A New View of Connected and Sustainable Digital Health.}, journal = {Frontiers in digital health}, volume = {4}, number = {}, pages = {869721}, doi = {10.3389/fdgth.2022.869721}, pmid = {35373178}, issn = {2673-253X}, abstract = {The connection between human health and climate change has had a scientific basis for many decades. However, little attention has been directed to applying the science of health informatics to this aspect of health and healthcare until recently. This paper briefly reviews examples of recent international work on two fronts: to consider how health informatics can reduce the carbon footprint of healthcare, and to consider how it can integrate new kinds of data for insights into the human health impacts of climate change. Health informatics has two principles of fundamental relevance to this work - connectedness, in other words linking and integrating health data from multiple sources; and sustainability, in other words making healthcare overall more efficient and effective. Deepening its commitment to these principles will position health informatics as a discipline and a profession to support and guide technological advances that respond to the world's climate health challenges.}, }
@article {pmid35371912, year = {2022}, author = {Theron, E and Bills, CB and Calvello Hynes, EJ and Stassen, W and Rublee, C}, title = {Climate change and emergency care in Africa: A scoping review.}, journal = {African journal of emergency medicine : Revue africaine de la medecine d'urgence}, volume = {12}, number = {2}, pages = {121-128}, doi = {10.1016/j.afjem.2022.02.003}, pmid = {35371912}, issn = {2211-4203}, abstract = {Introduction: Climate change is a global public health emergency with implications for access to care and emergency care service disruptions. The African continent is particularly vulnerable to climate-related extreme weather events due to an already overburdened health system, lack of early warning signs, poverty, inadequate infrastructure, and variable adaptive capacity. Emergency care services are not only utilized during these events but also threatened by these hazards. Considering that the effects of climate change are expected to increase in intensity and prevalence, it is increasingly important for emergency care to prepare to respond to the changes in presentation and demand. The aim of this study was to perform a scoping review of the available literature on the relationship between climate change and emergency care on the African continent.<br><br>Methods: A scoping review was completed using five databases: Pubmed, Web of Science, GreenFILE, Africa Wide Information, and Google Scholar. A 'grey' literature search was done to identify key reports and references from included articles. Two independent reviewers screened articles and a third reviewer decided conflicts. A total of 1,382 individual articles were initially screened with 17 meeting full text review. A total of six articles were included in the final analysis. Data from four countries were represented including Uganda, Ghana, Tanzania, and Nigeria.<br><br>Results: Analysis of the six articles yielded three key themes that were identified: climate-related health impacts that contribute to surges in demand and resource utilization, opportunities for health sector engagement, and solutions to improve emergency preparedness. Authors used the outcomes of the review to propose 10 recommendations for decision-makers and leaders.<br><br>DXDiscussion: Incorporating these key recommendations at the local and national level could help improve preparedness and adaptation measures in highly vulnerable, populated areas on the African continent.}, }
@article {pmid35371157, year = {2022}, author = {Charoensawan, V and Cortijo, S and Domijan, M and Negrão, S}, title = {Editorial: Multi-Disciplinary Approaches to Plant Responses to Climate Change.}, journal = {Frontiers in plant science}, volume = {13}, number = {}, pages = {876432}, doi = {10.3389/fpls.2022.876432}, pmid = {35371157}, issn = {1664-462X}, }
@article {pmid35370514, year = {2022}, author = {Bernstein, A and Katz, DL}, title = {Lifestyle Medicine and Climate Change: The Role of Providers in Addressing a Public Health Challenge.}, journal = {American journal of lifestyle medicine}, volume = {16}, number = {2}, pages = {251-253}, doi = {10.1177/15598276211017097}, pmid = {35370514}, issn = {1559-8284}, abstract = {Climate change threatens to undermine efforts to improve human health through lifestyle modification. Lifestyle medicine providers, however, may be well positioned to help patients create new healthful and climate-friendly habits, such as adopting a plant-based diet and limiting or eliminating car travel. Through each provider's own example and patient engagement efforts, as well as though new technology and the collective action of the American College of Lifestyle Medicine, the broader lifestyle medicine community can play an outsized role in addressing climate change.}, }
@article {pmid35366358, year = {2022}, author = {Carbeck, K and Wang, T and Reid, J and Arcese, P}, title = {Adaptation to climate change through seasonal migration revealed by climatic versus demographic niche models.}, journal = {Global change biology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1111/gcb.16185}, pmid = {35366358}, issn = {1365-2486}, abstract = {Predicting the geographic range of species and their response to climatic variation and change are entwined goals in conservation and evolutionary ecology. Species distribution models (SDMs) are foundational in this effort and used to visualize the geographic range of species as the spatial representation of its realized niche. SDMs are also used to forecast range shifts under climate change, but often in the absence of empirical evidence that climate limits population growth. We explored the influence of climate on demography, seasonal migration, and the extent of the geographic range in song sparrows (Melospiza melodia), a species thought to display marked local adaptation to regional climate. To do so, we developed SDMs to predict the demographic and climate niches of migratory and resident song sparrows across our study area in western North America from California to Alaska, using 48 years of demographic data from a focal population in British Columbia and 1.2 million continental-scale citizen science observations. Spatial agreement of our demographic and climate niche models in the region of our focal population was strong (76%), supporting the hypothesis that demographic performance and the occurrence of seasonal migration varied predictably with climatic conditions. In contrast, agreement at the northern (58%) and southern (40%) extents of our study area was lower, as expected if the factors limiting population growth vary regionally. Our results support the hypothesis that local climate drives spatial variation in the occurrence of seasonal migration in song sparrows by limiting the fitness of year-round residents, and suggest that climate warming has favored range expansions and facilitated an upward shift in elevational range song sparrows that forgo seasonal migration. Our work highlights the potential role of seasonal migration in climate adaptation and limits on the reliability of climate niche models not validated with demographic data.}, }
@article {pmid35366068, year = {2022}, author = {Kauffman, JB and Beschta, RL and Lacy, PM and Liverman, M}, title = {Livestock Use on Public Lands in the Western USA Exacerbates Climate Change: Implications for Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation.}, journal = {Environmental management}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, pmid = {35366068}, issn = {1432-1009}, abstract = {Public lands of the USA can play an important role in addressing the climate crisis. About 85% of public lands in the western USA are grazed by domestic livestock, and they influence climate change in three profound ways: (1) they are significant sources of greenhouse gases through enteric fermentation and manure deposition; (2) they defoliate native plants, trample vegetation and soils, and accelerate the spread of exotic species resulting in a shift in landscape function from carbon sinks to sources of greenhouse gases; and (3) they exacerbate the effects of climate change on ecosystems by creating warmer and drier conditions. On public lands one cow-calf pair grazing for one month (an "animal unit month" or "AUM") produces 875 kg CO2e through enteric fermentation and manure deposition with a social carbon cost of nearly $36 per AUM. Over 14 million AUMs of cattle graze public lands of the western USA each year resulting in greenhouse gas emissions of 12.4 Tg CO2e year-1. The social costs of carbon are > $500 million year-1 or approximately 26 times greater than annual grazing fees collected by managing federal agencies. These emissions and social costs do not include the likely greater ecosystems costs from grazing impacts and associated livestock management activities that reduce biodiversity, carbon stocks and rates of carbon sequestration. Cessation of grazing would decrease greenhouse gas emissions, improve soil and water resources, and would enhance/sustain native species biodiversity thus representing an important and cost-effective adaptive approach to climate change.}, }
@article {pmid35364516, year = {2022}, author = {Khan, MA and Riaz, S and Jiang, H and Qamar, S and Ali, Z and Islamil, M and Nazeer, A and Faisal, M and Satti, S and Zhang, X}, title = {Development of an assessment framework for the proposed Multi-Scalar Seasonally Amalgamated Regional Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (MSARSPEI) for regional drought classifications in global warming context.}, journal = {Journal of environmental management}, volume = {312}, number = {}, pages = {114951}, doi = {10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.114951}, pmid = {35364516}, issn = {1095-8630}, abstract = {Drought hazard is one of the main consequences of global warming and climate change. Unlike other natural disasters, drought has complex climatic features. Therefore, accurate drought monitoring is a challenging task. This paper proposes a framework for assessing drought classifications at the regional level. The proposed framework provides a new drought monitoring indicator called Multi-Scalar Seasonally Amalgamated Regional Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (MSARSPEI). MSARSPEI is an amalgam of the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration (SPEI) (Vicente-Serrano et al., 2010) and Regionally Improved Weighted Standardized Drought Index (RIWSDI) (Jiang et al., 2020). In the proposed framework, the Boruta algorithm of feature selection is configured to ensemble monthly time series data of evaporation in various meteorological stations located in specific regions. Further, the framework suggests the standardization of the Cumulative Distribution Function (CDF) of K-Component Gaussian (K-CG) mixture distribution function for obtaining MSARSPEI data. The application of the proposed framework is based on seven different regions of Pakistan. For comparative analysis, this paper compared the performance of MSARSPE with SPEI using Pearson correlation. Outcomes associated with this research show that the proposed regional drought index has a strong correlation with the competing indicator in various time scales. In addition, the study assessed the spatial extent of various drought classifications under MSARSPEI. In summation, this research concludes that the choice of the MSARSPEI is rationally valid and more appropriate for the regional assessment of drought under the global warming scenario.}, }
@article {pmid35364353, year = {2022}, author = {Qiu, G and Law, Y and Zuniga-Montanez, R and Deng, X and Lu, Y and Roy, S and Thi, SS and Hoon, HY and Nguyen, TQN and Eganathan, K and Liu, X and Nielsen, PH and Williams, RBH and Wuertz, S}, title = {Global warming readiness: Feasibility of enhanced biological phosphorus removal at 35 °C.}, journal = {Water research}, volume = {216}, number = {}, pages = {118301}, doi = {10.1016/j.watres.2022.118301}, pmid = {35364353}, issn = {1879-2448}, abstract = {Recent research has shown enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) from municipal wastewater at warmer temperatures around 30 °C to be achievable in both laboratory-scale reactors and full-scale treatment plants. In the context of a changing climate, the feasibility of EBPR at even higher temperatures is of interest. We operated two lab-scale EBPR sequencing batch reactors for > 300 days at 30 °C and 35 °C, respectively, and followed the dynamics of the communities of polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs) and competing glycogen accumulating organisms (GAOs) using a combination of 16S rRNA gene metabarcoding, quantitative PCR and fluorescence in situ hybridization analyses. Stable and nearly complete phosphorus (P) removal was achieved at 30 °C; similarly, long term P removal was stable at 35 °C with effluent PO43-_P concentrations < 0.5 mg/L on half of all monitored days. Diverse and abundant Candidatus Accumulibacter amplicon sequence variants were closely related to those found in temperate environments, suggesting that EBPR at this temperature does not require a highly specialized PAO community. A slow-feeding strategy effectively limited the carbon uptake rates of GAOs, allowing PAOs to outcompete GAOs at both temperatures. Candidatus Competibacter was the main GAO, along with cluster III Defluviicoccus members. These organisms withstood the slow-feeding regime, suggesting that their bioenergetic characteristics of carbon uptake differ from those of their tetrad-forming relatives. Comparative cycle studies revealed higher carbon and P cycling activity of Ca. Accumulibacter when the temperature was increased from 30 °C to 35 °C, implying that the lowered P removal performance at 35 °C was not a direct effect of temperature, but a result of higher metabolic rates of carbon (and/or P) utilization of PAOs and GAOs, the resultant carbon deficiency, and escalated community competition. An increase in the TOC-to-PO43--P ratio (from 25:1 to 40:1) effectively eased the carbon deficiency and benefited PAOs. In general, a slow-feeding strategy and sufficiently high carbon input benefited a high and stable EBPR at 35 °C, representing basic conditions suitable for full-scale treatment plants experiencing higher water temperatures.}, }
@article {pmid35364159, year = {2022}, author = {Adams-Groom, B and Selby, K and Derrett, S and Frisk, CA and Pashley, CH and Satchwell, J and King, D and McKenzie, G and Neilson, R}, title = {Pollen season trends as markers of climate change impact: Betula, Quercus and Poaceae.}, journal = {The Science of the total environment}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {154882}, doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154882}, pmid = {35364159}, issn = {1879-1026}, abstract = {The incidences of respiratory allergies are at an all-time high. Pollen aeroallergens can reflect changing climate, with recent studies in Europe showing some, but not all, pollen types are increasing in severity, season duration and experiencing an earlier onset. This study aimed to identify pollen trends in the UK over the last twenty-six years for a range of pollen sites, with a focus on the key pollen types of Poaceae (grass), Betula (birch) and Quercus (oak) and to examine the relationship of these trends with meteorological factors. Betula pollen seasons show no significant trends for onset, first high day or duration but increasing pollen production in the Midlands region of the UK is being driven by warmer temperatures in the previous June and July. Quercus pollen seasons are starting earlier, due to increasing temperature and sunshine totals in April, but are not becoming more severe. The seasons are lasting longer, although no significant climate drivers for this were identified. The first high day of the Poaceae pollen season is occurring earlier in central UK regions due to an increasing trend for all temperature variables in the previous December, January, April, May and June. Severity and duration of the season show no significant trends and are spatially and temporally variable. Important changes are occurring in the UK pollen seasons that will impact on the health of respiratory allergy sufferers, with more severe Betula pollen seasons and longer Quercus pollen seasons. Most of the changes identified were caused by climate drivers of increasing temperature and sunshine total. However, Poaceae pollen seasons are neither becoming more severe nor longer. The reasons for this included a lack of change in some monthly meteorological variables, or land-use change, such as grassland being replaced by urban areas or woodland.}, }
@article {pmid35363810, year = {2022}, author = {Wu, S and He, Y and Wei, Y and Fan, P and Ni, W and Zhong, D and Zhou, G and Zheng, X}, title = {Effects of Guangzhou seasonal climate change on the development of Aedes albopictus and its susceptibility to DENV-2.}, journal = {PloS one}, volume = {17}, number = {4}, pages = {e0266128}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0266128}, pmid = {35363810}, issn = {1932-6203}, abstract = {The susceptibility of Asian tiger mosquitoes to DENV-2 in different seasons was observed in simulated field environments as a reference to design dengue fever control strategies in Guangzhou. The life table experiments of mosquitoes in four seasons were carried out in the field. The susceptibility of Ae. albopictus to dengue virus was observed in both environments in Guangzhou in summer and winter. Ae. albopictus was infected with dengue virus by oral feeding. On day 7 and 14 after infection, the viral load in the head, ovary, and midgut of the mosquito was detected using real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR. Immune-associated gene expression in infected mosquitoes was performed using quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase PCR. The hatching rate and pupation rate of Ae. albopictus larvae in different seasons differed significantly. The winter hatching rate of larvae was lower than that in summer, and the incubation time was longer than in summer. In the winter field environment, Ae. albopictus still underwent basic growth and development processes. Mosquitoes in the simulated field environment were more susceptible to DENV-2 than those in the simulated laboratory environment. In the midgut, viral RNA levels on day 7 in summer were higher than those on day 7 in winter (F = 14.459, P = 0.01); ovarian viral RNA levels on day 7 in summer were higher than those on day 7 in winter (F = 8.656, P < 0.001), but there was no significant difference in the viral load at other time points (P > 0.05). Dicer-2 mRNA expression on day 7 in winter was 4.071 times than that on day 7 in summer: the viral load and Dicer-2 expression correlated moderately. Ae. albopictus could still develop and transmit dengue virus in winter in Guangzhou. Mosquitoes under simulated field conditions were more susceptible to DENV-2 than those under simulated laboratory conditions.}, }
@article {pmid35363629, year = {2022}, author = {Taylor, AL and Perret, D and Morice, K and Zafonte, R and Skelton, F and Rivers, E and Alexander, M}, title = {Climate Change and Physiatry: A Call to Proportional and Prospective Action.}, journal = {American journal of physical medicine &amp; rehabilitation}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1097/PHM.0000000000002017}, pmid = {35363629}, issn = {1537-7385}, abstract = {ABSTRACT: Through increased temperature-related illness, exposure to wildfire smoke and air pollutants, and more frequent and intense natural disasters, climate change is disproportionately affecting the health of people with disabilities. While the evidence behind the health effects of climate change is growing, there remain critical research gaps in the physiatric literature that must be addressed. Increased education throughout the medical-education continuum is also needed to prepare physiatrists to address the climate-related health effects impacting their patient populations. Physiatrists and their member organizations should advocate for policies that address climate change with a focus on the unique needs of their patient population and the inclusion of people with disabilities in the policy making process.}, }
@article {pmid35363525, year = {2022}, author = {Touma, D and Stevenson, S and Swain, DL and Singh, D and Kalashnikov, DA and Huang, X}, title = {Climate change increases risk of extreme rainfall following wildfire in the western United States.}, journal = {Science advances}, volume = {8}, number = {13}, pages = {eabm0320}, doi = {10.1126/sciadv.abm0320}, pmid = {35363525}, issn = {2375-2548}, abstract = {Post-wildfire extreme rainfall events can have destructive impacts in the western United States. Using two climate model large ensembles, we assess the future risk of extreme fire weather events being followed by extreme rainfall in this region. By mid-21st century, in a high warming scenario (RCP8.5), we report large increases in the number of extreme fire weather events followed within 1 year by at least one extreme rainfall event. By 2100, the frequency of these compound events increases by 100% in California and 700% in the Pacific Northwest in the Community Earth System Model v1 Large Ensemble. We further project that more than 90% of extreme fire weather events in California, Colorado, and the Pacific Northwest will be followed by at least three spatially colocated extreme rainfall events within five years. Our results point to a future with substantially increased post-fire hydrologic risks across much of the western United States.}, }
@article {pmid35362746, year = {2022}, author = {Lee, MC and Libatique, MJH and Yeh, HY and Chloe Lung, WQ}, title = {Increasing arsenic accumulation as an implication of climate change: a case study using red algae.}, journal = {Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, pmid = {35362746}, issn = {1432-0800}, abstract = {Climate change due to an increasing concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is a global issue. It can impact aquatic environments by affecting water flow, pollutant transformation and migration, and other toxicant-related effects. We assessed the interactive effects of temperature warming and pH changes on variations in accumulation of total arsenic (AsT) in the red alga Sarcodia suae at different levels of arsenite (AsIII). Result showed that AsT variations in the alga were moderated by significant joint effects of warming temperature and/or increasing pH levels and their interactions with increasing AsIII concentrations. Our study suggests possible deleterious impacts on macroalgal populations due to toxicological effects associated with prevailing environmental conditions. Therefore, improved pollution management, climate change adaptation, and mitigation strategies are needed to deal with current environmental issues and As aggravation.}, }
@article {pmid35361642, year = {2022}, author = {Kamana, E and Zhao, J and Bai, D}, title = {Predicting the impact of climate change on the re-emergence of malaria cases in China using LSTMSeq2Seq deep learning model: a modelling and prediction analysis study.}, journal = {BMJ open}, volume = {12}, number = {3}, pages = {e053922}, doi = {10.1136/bmjopen-2021-053922}, pmid = {35361642}, issn = {2044-6055}, abstract = {OBJECTIVES: Malaria is a vector-borne disease that remains a serious public health problem due to its climatic sensitivity. Accurate prediction of malaria re-emergence is very important in taking corresponding effective measures. This study aims to investigate the impact of climatic factors on the re-emergence of malaria in mainland China.<br><br>DESIGN: A modelling study.<br><br>SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: Monthly malaria cases for four Plasmodium species (P. falciparum, P. malariae, P. vivax and other Plasmodium) and monthly climate data were collected for 31 provinces; malaria cases from 2004 to 2016 were obtained from the Chinese centre for disease control and prevention and climate parameters from China meteorological data service centre. We conducted analyses at the aggregate level, and there was no involvement of confidential information.<br><br>The long short-term memory sequence-to-sequence (LSTMSeq2Seq) deep neural network model was used to predict the re-emergence of malaria cases from 2004 to 2016, based on the influence of climatic factors. We trained and tested the extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), gated recurrent unit, LSTM, LSTMSeq2Seq models using monthly malaria cases and corresponding meteorological data in 31 provinces of China. Then we compared the predictive performance of models using root mean squared error (RMSE) and mean absolute error evaluation measures.<br><br>RESULTS: The proposed LSTMSeq2Seq model reduced the mean RMSE of the predictions by 19.05% to 33.93%, 18.4% to 33.59%, 17.6% to 26.67% and 13.28% to 21.34%, for P. falciparum, P. vivax, P. malariae, and other plasmodia, respectively, as compared with other candidate models. The LSTMSeq2Seq model achieved an average prediction accuracy of 87.3%.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: The LSTMSeq2Seq model significantly improved the prediction of malaria re-emergence based on the influence of climatic factors. Therefore, the LSTMSeq2Seq model can be effectively applied in the malaria re-emergence prediction.}, }
@article {pmid35358519, year = {2022}, author = {Burrell, AL and Sun, Q and Baxter, R and Kukavskaya, EA and Zhila, S and Shestakova, T and Rogers, BM and Kaduk, J and Barrett, K}, title = {Climate change, fire return intervals and the growing risk of permanent forest loss in boreal Eurasia.}, journal = {The Science of the total environment}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {154885}, doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154885}, pmid = {35358519}, issn = {1879-1026}, abstract = {Climate change has driven an increase in the frequency and severity of fires in Eurasian boreal forests. A growing number of field studies have linked the change in fire regime to post-fire recruitment failure and permanent forest loss. In this study we used four burned area and two forest loss datasets to calculate the landscape-scale fire return interval (FRI) and associated risk of permanent forest loss. We then used machine learning to predict how the FRI will change under a high emissions scenario (SSP3-7.0) by the end of the century. We found that there are currently 133,000 km2 forest at high, or extreme, risk of fire-induced forest loss, with a further 3 M km2 at risk by the end of the century. This has the potential to degrade or destroy some of the largest remaining intact forests in the world, negatively impact the health and economic wellbeing of people living in the region, as well as accelerate global climate change.}, }
@article {pmid35358265, year = {2022}, author = {Donoso, DA and Basset, Y and Shik, JZ and Forrister, DL and Uquillas, A and Salazar-Méndez, Y and Arizala, S and Polanco, P and Beckett, S and Dominguez G, D and Barrios, H}, title = {Male ant reproductive investment in a seasonal wet tropical forest: Consequences of future climate change.}, journal = {PloS one}, volume = {17}, number = {3}, pages = {e0266222}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0266222}, pmid = {35358265}, issn = {1932-6203}, abstract = {Tropical forests sustain many ant species whose mating events often involve conspicuous flying swarms of winged gynes and males. The success of these reproductive flights depends on environmental variables and determines the maintenance of local ant diversity. However, we lack a strong understanding of the role of environmental variables in shaping the phenology of these flights. Using a combination of community-level analyses and a time-series model on male abundance, we studied male ant phenology in a seasonally wet lowland rainforest in the Panama Canal. The male flights of 161 ant species, sampled with 10 Malaise traps during 58 consecutive weeks (from August 2014 to September 2015), varied widely in number (mean = 9.8 weeks, median = 4, range = 1 to 58). Those species abundant enough for analysis (n = 97) flew mainly towards the end of the dry season and at the start of the rainy season. While litterfall, rain, temperature, and air humidity explained community composition, the time-series model estimators elucidated more complex patterns of reproductive investment across the entire year. For example, male abundance increased in weeks when maximum daily temperature increased and in wet weeks during the dry season. On the contrary, male abundance decreased in periods when rain receded (e.g., at the start of the dry season), in periods when rain fell daily (e.g., right after the beginning of the wet season), or when there was an increase in the short-term rate of litterfall (e.g., at the end of the dry season). Together, these results suggest that the BCI ant community is adapted to the dry/wet transition as the best timing of reproductive investment. We hypothesize that current climate change scenarios for tropical regions with higher average temperature, but lower rainfall, may generate phenological mismatches between reproductive flights and the adequate conditions needed for a successful start of the colony.}, }
@article {pmid35358194, year = {2022}, author = {Geng, W and Li, Y and Sun, D and Li, B and Zhang, P and Chang, H and Rong, T and Liu, Y and Shao, J and Liu, Z and Zhu, H and Lou, Y and Wang, Q and Zhang, J}, title = {Prediction of the potential geographical distribution of Betula platyphylla Suk. in China under climate change scenarios.}, journal = {PloS one}, volume = {17}, number = {3}, pages = {e0262540}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0262540}, pmid = {35358194}, issn = {1932-6203}, abstract = {Climate is a dominant factor affecting the potential geographical distribution of species. Understanding the impact of climate change on the potential geographic distribution of species, which is of great significance to the exploitation, utilization, and protection of resources, as well as ecologically sustainable development. Betula platyphylla Suk. is one of the most widely distributed temperate deciduous tree species in East Asia and has important economic and ecological value. Based on 231 species distribution data points of Betula platyphylla Suk. in China and 37 bioclimatic, soil, and topography variables (with correlation coefficients < 0.75), the potential geographical distribution pattern of Betula platyphylla Suk. under Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) climate change scenarios at present and in the 2050s and 2070s was predicted using the MaxEnt model. We analyzed the main environmental variables affecting the distribution and change of suitable areas and compared the scope and change of suitable areas under different climate scenarios. This study found: (1) At present, the main suitable area for Betula platyphylla Suk. extends from northeastern to southwestern China, with the periphery area showing fragmented distribution. (2) Annual precipitation, precipitation of the warmest quarter, mean temperature of the warmest quarter, annual mean temperature, and precipitation of the driest month are the dominant environmental variables that affect the potential geographical distribution of Betula platyphylla Suk. (3) The suitable area for Betula platyphylla Suk. is expected to expand under global warming scenarios. In recent years, due to the impact of diseases and insect infestation, and environmental damage, the natural Betula platyphylla Suk. forest in China has gradually narrowed. This study accurately predicted the potential geographical distribution of Betula platyphylla Suk. under current and future climate change scenarios, which can provide the scientific basis for the cultivation, management, and sustainable utilization of Betula platyphylla Suk. resources.}, }
@article {pmid35357713, year = {2022}, author = {Rauschkolb, R and Li, Z and Godefroid, S and Dixon, L and Durka, W and Májeková, M and Bossdorf, O and Ensslin, A and Scheepens, JF}, title = {Evolution of plant drought strategies and herbivore tolerance after two decades of climate change.}, journal = {The New phytologist}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1111/nph.18125}, pmid = {35357713}, issn = {1469-8137}, abstract = {Ongoing global warming, coupled with increased drought frequencies, together with other biotic drivers may have resulted in complex evolutionary adaptation. The resurrection approach, comparing ancestors raised from stored seeds with their contemporary descendants under common conditions, is a powerful method to test for recent evolution in plant populations. We used 21-26-year-old seeds of four European plant species - Matthiola tricuspidata, Plantago crassifolia, Clinopodium vulgare and Leontodon hispidus - stored in seed banks together with re-collected seeds from their wild populations. To test for evolutionary changes, we conducted a greenhouse experiment that quantified heritable changes in plant responses to drought and simulated insect herbivory. In three out of the four studied species, we found evidence that descendants evolved shorter life cycles through faster growth and flowering. Shifts in the osmotic potential and leaf dry matter content indicated that descendants also evolved increased drought tolerance. A comparison of QST vs. FST values, using ddRAD genotyping data, suggested that directional selection, and therefore adaptive evolution, was underlying some of the observed phenotypic changes. In summary, our study reveals evolutionary changes in plant populations over the last decades that are consistent with adaptation of drought escape and tolerance as well as herbivory avoidance.}, }
@article {pmid35356559, year = {2022}, author = {Zhang, JM and Peng, XY and Song, ML and Li, ZJ and Xu, XQ and Wang, W}, title = {Effects of climate change on the distribution of wild Akebia trifoliata.}, journal = {Ecology and evolution}, volume = {12}, number = {3}, pages = {e8714}, doi = {10.1002/ece3.8714}, pmid = {35356559}, issn = {2045-7758}, abstract = {Understanding the impacts and constraints of climate change on the geographical distribution of wild Akebia trifoliata is crucial for its sustainable management and economic development as a medicinal material or fruit. In this study, according to the first-hand information obtained from field investigation, the distribution and response to climate change of A. trifoliata were studied by the MaxEnt model and ArcGIS. The genetic diversity and population structure of 21 natural populations of A. trifoliata were studied by simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. The results showed that the most important bioclimatic variable limiting the distribution of A. trifoliata was the Mean Temperature of Coldest Quarter (bio11). Under the scenarios SSP1-2.6 and SSP2-4.5, the suitable area of A. trifoliata in the world will remain stable, and the suitable area will increase significantly under the scenarios of SSP3-7.0 and SSP5-8.5. Under the current climate scenario, the suitable growth regions of A. trifoliata in China were 79.9-122.7°E and 21.5-37.5°N. Under the four emission scenarios in the future, the geometric center of the suitable distribution regions of Akebia trifoliata in China will move to the north. The clustering results of 21 populations of A. trifoliata analyzed by SSR markers showed that they had a trend of evolution from south to north.}, }
@article {pmid35354591, year = {2022}, author = {Iacobucci, G}, title = {Medical schools should include climate change in their curriculum, says report.}, journal = {BMJ (Clinical research ed.)}, volume = {376}, number = {}, pages = {o845}, doi = {10.1136/bmj.o845}, pmid = {35354591}, issn = {1756-1833}, }
@article {pmid35353372, year = {2022}, author = {Thomson, D and Cumpston, M and Delgado-Figueroa, N and Ebi, KL and Haddaway, N and van der Heijden, M and Heyn, PC and Lokotola, CL and Meerpohl, JJ and Metzendorf, MI and Parker, ER and Phalkey, R and Tovey, D and von Elm, E and Webster, RJ and Wieland, SL and Young, T}, title = {Protecting human health in a time of climate change: how Cochrane should respond.}, journal = {The Cochrane database of systematic reviews}, volume = {3}, number = {}, pages = {ED000156}, doi = {10.1002/14651858.ED000156}, pmid = {35353372}, issn = {1469-493X}, }
@article {pmid35352220, year = {2022}, author = {Baloch, ZA and Tan, Q and Fahad, S}, title = {Analyzing farm households' perception and choice of adaptation strategies towards climate change impacts: a case study of vulnerable households in an emerging Asian region.}, journal = {Environmental science and pollution research international}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, pmid = {35352220}, issn = {1614-7499}, abstract = {Poor agricultural communities are particularly more disruptive to changes in climate. In southeast Asian countries, Pakistan is extremely vulnerable to weather-related events including droughts and floods. This research study aims to determine the farmers' perception towards climatic risks, farmers' choice of adaptation strategies and factors influencing farmers' decision of adaptation measures. A face-to-face household survey was conducted to collect primary data of 378 farm households from three tehsils of district Charsadda-Khyber Pakhuntkhwa (KP) province of Pakistan. A structured questionnaire was utilized as an instrument to collect data from the targeted farmers in study areas (three tehsils of district Charsadda). A binary probit model approach was used to assess the major factors affecting farmers' decision towards adaptation measures. Results revealed that changing crop varieties, diversification of crops, changing crop calendar, and insurance of crops were the major adaptive measures exercised by farm households in their farms. Findings of the binary probit approach showed that age of the respondents, farm size, educational level, credit access, household size, extension services access and perception of increased floods, and reduction in precipitation had substantial effect on the farmers' adaptation strategies choice. Advanced agricultural practices in response to the climatic risks can thus have substantial effects and reduction in farmers' exposure to natural calamities. Study findings of our research can guide policy makers and concerned authorities and provide policy implications for future research studies.}, }
@article {pmid35350006, year = {2022}, author = {Skaland, RG and Herrador, BG and Hisdal, H and Hygen, HO and Hyllestad, S and Lund, V and White, R and Wong, WK and Nygård, K}, title = {Impacts of climate change on drinking water quality in Norway.}, journal = {Journal of water and health}, volume = {20}, number = {3}, pages = {539-550}, doi = {10.2166/wh.2022.264}, pmid = {35350006}, issn = {1477-8920}, abstract = {Climate change will lead to higher temperatures, increased precipitation and runoff, as well as more intense and frequent extreme weather events in Norway. More extreme rainfall and increased runoff are historically associated with higher concentrations of indicator bacteria, colour and turbidity in raw water of Norwegian waterworks. Regional information about the risk for drinking water deterioration by the end of the century is essential for evaluating potential treatment capacity upgrades at the waterworks. We combined locally downscaled future climate scenarios with historical associations between weather/runoff and water quality from a wide spread of waterworks in Norway. With continued climate change, we estimate higher concentrations of water quality indicators of raw water by the end of the century. The water quality is estimated to deteriorate mainly due to the projected increase in rainfall, and mainly in the Western and Northern parts of Norway. While large waterworks seem to be able to adapt to future conditions, the degradation of raw water quality may cause future challenges for the treatment processes at smaller waterworks. Combining these results with further studies of treatment effects and microbial risk assessments is needed to ensure sufficient treatment capacities of the raw water in the future.}, }
@article {pmid35349810, year = {2022}, author = {Clark, R and Hobson, K}, title = {Climate change: Aerial insectivores struggle to keep pace with earlier pulses of nutritious aquatic foods.}, journal = {Current biology : CB}, volume = {32}, number = {6}, pages = {R267-R269}, doi = {10.1016/j.cub.2022.01.076}, pmid = {35349810}, issn = {1879-0445}, abstract = {Not all insects are created equal and those emerging from wetlands are nutritionally superior to those from uplands. Insectivorous birds have timed reproduction to coincide with insect pulses, but new work shows how climate change has disconnected this synchrony, creating reductions in insect quality with profound implications for conservation.}, }
@article {pmid35349170, year = {2022}, author = {Bajpai, A and Mahawar, H and Dubey, G and Atoliya, N and Parmar, R and Devi, MH and Kollah, B and Mohanty, SR}, title = {Prospect of pink pigmented facultative methylotrophs in mitigating abiotic stress and climate change.}, journal = {Journal of basic microbiology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1002/jobm.202200087}, pmid = {35349170}, issn = {1521-4028}, support = {EMR/2016/000511//DST SERB/ ; }, abstract = {Apparently, climate change is observed in form of increased greenhouse gases (CH4 , CO2 , N2 O, CFC), temperature (0.5-1°C), and UV radiations (UV B and UV C). It is affecting every aspect of ecosystem functioning; however, terrestrial crops are the most vulnerable group and crop productivity largely remains a challenge. Due to climate change, seed yield and nutrient depletion are inevitable in future scenarios. To overcome this problem microbial groups that exhibit plant growth promoting attributes and provide protection against environmental stress should be studied. One such group is the pink pigmented facultative methylotrophs (PPFMs) that can induce overall fitness to plants. PPFMs are involved in phosphorous mineralization, siderophore, ACC deaminase, phytohormone production, and assimilation of greenhouse gases. Additionally, these organisms can also resist harmful UV radiations effectively as they possess polyketide synthases that could serve as source of novel bioactives that can protect plant from abiotic stress. The review article comprehensively highlights the multifunctional traits of PPFMs and their role in mitigating climate change with an aim to use this important organism as microbial inoculants for sustainable agriculture under climate-changing scenarios.}, }
@article {pmid35348502, year = {2022}, author = {}, title = {The Health Effects of Climate Change.}, journal = {The American journal of nursing}, volume = {122}, number = {4}, pages = {14}, doi = {10.1097/01.NAJ.0000827272.52400.6e}, pmid = {35348502}, issn = {1538-7488}, abstract = {Nurses are among those mobilizing to address the challenge.}, }
@article {pmid35347259, year = {2022}, author = {Sonne, J and Maruyama, PK and Martín González, AM and Rahbek, C and Bascompte, J and Dalsgaard, B}, title = {Extinction, coextinction and colonization dynamics in plant-hummingbird networks under climate change.}, journal = {Nature ecology &amp; evolution}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, pmid = {35347259}, issn = {2397-334X}, support = {25925//Villum Fonden (Villum Foundation)/ ; 25925//Villum Fonden (Villum Foundation)/ ; 310030_197201//Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung (Swiss National Science Foundation)/ ; DNRF96//Danmarks Grundforskningsfond (Danish National Research Foundation)/ ; DNRF96//Danmarks Grundforskningsfond (Danish National Research Foundation)/ ; }, abstract = {Climate-driven range shifts may cause local extinctions, while the accompanying loss of biotic interactions may trigger secondary coextinctions. At the same time, climate change may facilitate colonizations from regional source pools, balancing out local species loss. At present, how these extinction-coextinction-colonization dynamics affect biological communities under climate change is poorly understood. Using 84 communities of interacting plants and hummingbirds, we simulated patterns in climate-driven extinctions, coextinctions and colonizations under future climate change scenarios. Our simulations showed clear geographic discrepancies in the communities' vulnerability to climate change. Andean communities were the least affected by future climate change, as they experienced few climate-driven extinctions and coextinctions while having the highest colonization potential. In North America and lowland South America, communities had many climate-driven extinctions and few colonization events. Meanwhile, the pattern of coextinction was highly dependent on the configuration of networks formed by interacting hummingbirds and plants. Notably, North American communities experienced proportionally fewer coextinctions than other regions because climate-driven extinctions here primarily affected species with peripheral network roles. Moreover, coextinctions generally decreased in communities where species have few overlapping interactions, that is, communities with more complementary specialized and modular networks. Together, these results highlight that we should not expect colonizations to adequately balance out local extinctions in the most vulnerable ecoregions.}, }
@article {pmid35347049, year = {2022}, author = {Fidler, L and Green, S and Wintemute, K}, title = {Pressurized metered-dose inhalers and their impact on climate change.}, journal = {CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne}, volume = {194}, number = {12}, pages = {E460}, doi = {10.1503/cmaj.211747}, pmid = {35347049}, issn = {1488-2329}, }
@article {pmid35345504, year = {2022}, author = {Cummins, DP and Stephenson, DB and Stott, PA}, title = {Could detection and attribution of climate change trends be spurious regression?.}, journal = {Climate dynamics}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {1-15}, doi = {10.1007/s00382-022-06242-z}, pmid = {35345504}, issn = {0930-7575}, abstract = {Since the 1970s, scientists have developed statistical methods intended to formalize detection of changes in global climate and to attribute such changes to relevant causal factors, natural and anthropogenic. Detection and attribution (D&amp;A) of climate change trends is commonly performed using a variant of Hasselmann's "optimal fingerprinting" method, which involves a linear regression of historical climate observations on corresponding output from numerical climate models. However, it has long been known in the field of time series analysis that regressions of "non-stationary" or "trending" variables are, in general, statistically inconsistent and often spurious. When non-stationarity is caused by "integrated" processes, as is likely the case for climate variables, consistency of least-squares estimators depends on "cointegration" of regressors. This study has shown, using an idealized linear-response-model framework, that if standard assumptions hold then the optimal fingerprinting estimator is consistent, and hence robust against spurious regression. In the case of global mean surface temperature (GMST), parameterizing abstract linear response models in terms of energy balance provides this result with physical interpretability. Hypothesis tests conducted using observations of historical GMST and simulation output from 13 CMIP6 general circulation models produced no evidence that standard assumptions required for consistency were violated. It is therefore concluded that, at least in the case of GMST, detection and attribution of climate change trends is very likely not spurious regression. Furthermore, detection of significant cointegration between observations and model output indicates that the least-squares estimator is "superconsistent", with better convergence properties than might previously have been assumed. Finally, a new method has been developed for quantifying D&amp;A uncertainty, exploiting the notion of cointegration to eliminate the need for pre-industrial control simulations.}, }
@article {pmid35342194, year = {2022}, author = {Macêdo, RL and Sousa, FDR and Dumont, HJ and Rietzler, AC and Rocha, O and Elmoor-Loureiro, LMA}, title = {Climate change and niche unfilling tend to favor range expansion of Moina macrocopa Straus 1820, a potentially invasive cladoceran in temporary waters.}, journal = {Hydrobiologia}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {1-13}, doi = {10.1007/s10750-022-04835-7}, pmid = {35342194}, issn = {0018-8158}, abstract = {Non-native species' introductions have increased in the last decades primarily due to anthropogenic causes such as climate change and globalization of trade. Moina macrocopa, a stress-tolerant cladoceran widely used in bioassays and aquaculture, is spreading in temporary and semi-temporary natural ponds outside its natural range. Here, we characterize the variations in the climatic niche of M. macrocopa during its invasions outside the native Palearctic range following introduction into the American continent. Specifically, we examined to what extent the climatic responses of this species have diverged from those characteristics for its native range. We also made predictions for its potential distribution under current and future scenarios. We found that the environmental space occupied by this species in its native and introduced distribution areas shares more characteristics than randomly expected. However, the introduced niche has a high degree of unfilling when displacing its original space towards the extension to drier and hotter conditions. Accordingly, M. macrocopa can invade new areas where it has not yet been recorded in response to warming temperatures and decreasing winter precipitation. In particular, temporary ponds are more vulnerable environments where climatic and environmental stresses may also lower biotic resistance.<br><br>Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10750-022-04835-7.}, }
@article {pmid35341862, year = {2022}, author = {Yan, C and Liu, Z and Yuan, Z and Shi, X and Lock, TR and Kallenbach, RL}, title = {Aridity modifies the responses of plant stoichiometry to global warming and N deposition in semi-arid steppes.}, journal = {The Science of the total environment}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {154807}, doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154807}, pmid = {35341862}, issn = {1879-1026}, abstract = {Global warming and nitrogen (N) deposition are known to unbalance the stoichiometry of carbon (C), N, and phosphorus (P) in terrestrial plants, but it is unclear how water availability regulates their effects along a natural aridity gradient. Here, we conducted manipulative experiments to determine the effects of experimental warming (WT) and N addition (NT) on plant stoichiometry in desert, typical, and meadow steppes with decreasing aridity. WT elevated air temperatures by 1.2-2.9 °C using open-top chambers. WT increased forb C:N ratio and thus its N use efficiency and competitiveness on desert steppes, whereas WT reduced forb C:N and C:P ratios in typical and meadow steppes. Plant N:P ratio, which reflects nutrient limitation, was reduced by WT in desert steppes but not for typical or meadow steppes. NT reduced plant C:N ratio and increased N:P ratio in all three steppes. NT reduced forb C:P ratio in desert and typical steppes, but it enhanced grass C:P ratio in meadow steppe, indicating an enhancement of P use efficiency and competitiveness of grasses on wet steppes. WT and NT had synergetic effects on grass C:N and C:P ratios in all three steppes, which helps to increase grasses' productivity. Under WT or NT, the changes in community C:N ratio were positively correlated with increasing aridity, indicating that aridity increases plants' N use efficiency. However, aridity negatively affected the changes in N:P ratios under NT but not WT, which suggests that aridity mitigates P limitation induced by N deposition. Our results imply that warming could shift the dominant functional group into forbs on dry steppes due to altered stoichiometry, whereas grasses become dominated plants on wet steppes under increasing N deposition. We suggest that global changes might break the stoichiometric balance of plants and water availability could strongly modify such processes in semi-arid steppes.}, }
@article {pmid35341035, year = {2022}, author = {Hiruta, Y and Ishizaki, NN and Ashina, S and Takahashi, K}, title = {Hourly future climate scenario datasets for impact assessment of climate change considering simultaneous interactions among multiple meteorological factors.}, journal = {Data in brief}, volume = {42}, number = {}, pages = {108047}, doi = {10.1016/j.dib.2022.108047}, pmid = {35341035}, issn = {2352-3409}, abstract = {Assessing the impacts of climate change in multiple fields, such as energy, land and water resources, and human health and welfare is important to find effective strategies to adapt to a changing climate and to reduce greenhouse gases. Many phenomena influenced by climate change have diurnal fluctuations and are affected by simultaneous interactions among multiple meteorological factors. However, climate scenarios with detailed (at least hourly) resolutions are usually not available. To assess the impact of climate change on such phenomena while considering simultaneous interactions (e.g., synergies), climate scenarios with hourly fluctuations are indispensable. However, because meteorological indicators are not independent, the value of one indicator varies as a function of other indicators. Therefore, it is almost impossible to determine the functions that show all relationships among meteorological elements considering the geographical and temporal (both seasonal and time of a day) characteristics. Therefore, generating hourly scenarios that include possible combinations of meteorological indicators for each hourly observation unit is a challenging problem. In this study, we provide secondary future climate scenario datasets that have hourly fluctuations with reasonable combinations of meteorological indicator values that are likely to occur simultaneously, without losing the long-term climate change trend in the existing daily climate scenarios based on global climate models. Historical hourly weather datasets observed from 2017 to 2019 (the reference years) are used to retrieve short-term fluctuations. Bias-corrected daily future climate scenario datasets generated using four global climate models (GFDL CM3, HadGEM2-ES, MIROC5, and MRI-CGCM3) and two Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP8.5 and 2.6) are used to model long-term climate change. A total of 48 different types of hourly future scenario datasets for five meteorological indicators (temperature, solar radiation, humidity, rainfall, and wind speed) were acquired, targeting a projection period from 2020 to 2080, for 10 weather stations in Japan. The generated hourly climate scenario datasets can be used to project the quantitative impacts of climate change on targeted phenomena considering simultaneous interactions among multiple meteorological factors.}, }
@article {pmid35338470, year = {2022}, author = {Smith, GS and Anjum, E and Francis, C and Deanes, L and Acey, C}, title = {Climate Change, Environmental Disasters, and Health Inequities: The Underlying Role of Structural Inequalities.}, journal = {Current environmental health reports}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, pmid = {35338470}, issn = {2196-5412}, abstract = {PURPOSE OF REVIEW: We review and analyze recent literature in public health, urban planning, and disaster management to better understand the relationships between climate change, natural disasters, and root causes of health disparities in the USA.<br><br>RECENT FINDINGS: Existing scholarship establishes clear linkages between climate change and increasing occurrences and severity of natural disasters across the USA. The frequency and types of disasters vary by region and impact both short and long-term health outcomes. Current research highlights health inequities affecting lower income and minoritized communities disproportionately, but data-driven studies critically examining the role of structural inequalities in climate-induced health disparities are sparse. Adding to the body of knowledge, our conceptual framework maps how long-standing structural inequalities in policy, practice, and funding shape vulnerability of lower-income, racially and ethnically marginalized individuals. Vulnerability follows three common pathways: disparities in "exposure", "sensitivity", and "resiliency" before, during, and after a climate disaster. We recommend that future research, policy, and practice shift towards solutions that unearth and address the structural biases that cause environmental disaster and health inequities.}, }
@article {pmid35338194, year = {2022}, author = {Romitti, Y and Sue Wing, I}, title = {Author Correction: Heterogeneous climate change impacts on electricity demand in world cities circa mid-century.}, journal = {Scientific reports}, volume = {12}, number = {1}, pages = {5204}, doi = {10.1038/s41598-022-09077-0}, pmid = {35338194}, issn = {2045-2322}, }
@article {pmid35337048, year = {2022}, author = {Chiu, SC and Hu, SC and Liao, LM and Chen, YH and Lin, JH}, title = {Norovirus Genogroup II Epidemics and the Potential Effect of Climate Change on Norovirus Transmission in Taiwan.}, journal = {Viruses}, volume = {14}, number = {3}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3390/v14030641}, pmid = {35337048}, issn = {1999-4915}, support = {MOHW110-CDC-C-315-113118, MOHW110-CDC-C-315-114408//Taiwan Centers for Disease Control/ ; }, abstract = {The activity of norovirus varies from season to season, and the effect of climate change on the incidence of norovirus outbreaks is a widely recognized yet poorly understood phenomenon. Investigation of the possible association between climatic factors and the incidence of norovirus is key to a better understanding of the epidemiology of norovirus and early prediction of norovirus outbreaks. In this study, clinical stool samples from acute gastroenteritis outbreaks were collected from January 2015 to June 2019 in Taiwan. Data analysis from our study indicated that more than half of the cases were reported in the winter and spring seasons, including those caused by norovirus of genotypes GII (genogroup II).2, GII.3, GII.6, and GII.17, and 45.1% of the patients who tested positive for norovirus were infected by the GII.4 norovirus in autumn. However, GII.6 norovirus accounted for a higher proportion of the cases reported in summer than any other strain. Temperature is a crucial factor influencing patterns of epidemic outbreaks caused by distinct genotypes of norovirus. The results of this study may help experts predict and issue early public warnings of norovirus transmission and understand the effect of climate change on norovirus outbreaks caused by different genotypes and occurring in different locations.}, }
@article {pmid35336744, year = {2022}, author = {Wu, Y and Huang, C}, title = {Climate Change and Vector-Borne Diseases in China: A Review of Evidence and Implications for Risk Management.}, journal = {Biology}, volume = {11}, number = {3}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3390/biology11030370}, pmid = {35336744}, issn = {2079-7737}, support = {2018YFA0606200//National Key R&amp;D Program of China/ ; }, abstract = {Vector-borne diseases have posed a heavy threat to public health, especially in the context of climate change. Currently, there is no comprehensive review of the impact of meteorological factors on all types of vector-borne diseases in China. Through a systematic review of literature between 2000 and 2021, this study summarizes the relationship between climate factors and vector-borne diseases and potential mechanisms of climate change affecting vector-borne diseases. It further examines the regional differences of climate impact. A total of 131 studies in both Chinese and English on 10 vector-borne diseases were included. The number of publications on mosquito-borne diseases is the largest and is increasing, while the number of studies on rodent-borne diseases has been decreasing in the past two decades. Temperature, precipitation, and humidity are the main parameters contributing to the transmission of vector-borne diseases. Both the association and mechanism show vast differences between northern and southern China resulting from nature and social factors. We recommend that more future research should focus on the effect of meteorological factors on mosquito-borne diseases in the era of climate change. Such information will be crucial in facilitating a multi-sectorial response to climate-sensitive diseases in China.}, }
@article {pmid35336613, year = {2022}, author = {Hebbar, KB and Abhin, PS and Sanjo Jose, V and Neethu, P and Santhosh, A and Shil, S and Prasad, PVV}, title = {Predicting the Potential Suitable Climate for Coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) Cultivation in India under Climate Change Scenarios Using the MaxEnt Model.}, journal = {Plants (Basel, Switzerland)}, volume = {11}, number = {6}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3390/plants11060731}, pmid = {35336613}, issn = {2223-7747}, abstract = {Climate change and climate variability are projected to alter the geographic suitability of lands for crop cultivation. Early awareness of the future climate of the current cultivation areas for a perennial tree crop like coconut is needed for its adaptation and sustainable cultivation in vulnerable areas. We analyzed coconut's vulnerability to climate change in India, based on climate projections for the 2050s and the 2070s under two Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs): 4.5 and 8.5. Based on the current cultivation regions and climate change predictions from seven ensembles of Global Circulation Models, we predict changes in relative climatic suitability for coconut cultivation using the MaxEnt model. Bioclimatic variables Bio 4 (temperature seasonality, 34.4%) and Bio 7 (temperature annual range, 28.7%) together contribute 63.1%, which along with Bio 15 (precipitation seasonality, 8.6%) determined 71.7% of the climate suitability for coconuts in India. The model projected that some current coconut cultivation producing areas will become unsuitable (plains of South interior Karnataka and Tamil Nadu) requiring crop change, while other areas will require adaptations in genotypic or agronomic management (east coast and the south interior plains), and yet in others, the climatic suitability for growing coconut will increase (west coast). The findings suggest the need for adaptation strategies so as to ensure sustainable cultivation of coconut at least in presently cultivated areas.}, }
@article {pmid35333584, year = {2022}, author = {Agbafe, V and Berlin, NL and Butler, CE and Hawk, E and Offodile Ii, AC}, title = {Prescriptions for Mitigating Climate Change-Related Externalities in Cancer Care: A Surgeon's Perspective.}, journal = {Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {JCO2102581}, doi = {10.1200/JCO.21.02581}, pmid = {35333584}, issn = {1527-7755}, }
@article {pmid35332554, year = {2022}, author = {Bates, JM and Fidino, M and Nowak-Boyd, L and Strausberger, BM and Schmidt, KA and Whelan, CJ}, title = {Climate change affects bird nesting phenology: Comparing contemporary field and historical museum nesting records.}, journal = {The Journal of animal ecology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1111/1365-2656.13683}, pmid = {35332554}, issn = {1365-2656}, abstract = {Global climate change impacts species and ecosystems in potentially harmful ways. For migratory bird species, earlier spring warm-up could lead to a mismatch between nesting activities and food availability. CO2 provides a useful proxy for temperature and an environmental indicator of climate change when temperature data are not available for an entire time series. Our objectives were to (a) examine nesting phenology over time; (b) determine how nesting phenology relates to changes in atmospheric CO2 concentration; and (c) demonstrate the usefulness of historical museum collections combined with modern observations for trend analyses. We assessed changes in nesting dates of 72 bird species in the Upper Midwest of the United States by comparing contemporary lay dates with those obtained from archived, historical museum nest records over a 143-year period (1872-2015). Species-specific changes in lay date per one unit change in the CO2 residual ranged from -0.75 (95% CI: -1.57 to -0.10) to 0.45 (95% CI: -0.29 to 1.43). Overall, lay dates advanced ~10 days over the 143-year period. Resident, short-distance migrants and long-distance migrants lay dates advanced by ~15, 18 and 16 days on average respectively. Twenty-four species (33.3%) significantly advanced, one (1.4%) significantly delayed and we failed to detect an advance or delay in lay date for 47 species (65.3%). Overall mean advance in first lay date (for the species that have significantly advanced laying date) was 25.1 days (min: 10.7, max: 49.9). Our study highlights the scientific importance of both data gathering and archiving through time to understand phenological change. The detailed archived information reported by egg collectors provide the early data of our study. As with studies of egg-shell thinning and pesticide exposure, our use of these data illustrates another scientific utility of egg collections that these pioneer naturalists never imagined. As museums archive historical data, these locations are also ideal candidates to store contemporary field data as it is collected. Together, such information will provide the ability to track, understand and perhaps predict responses to human-driven environmental change.}, }
@article {pmid35331772, year = {2022}, author = {Seidenfaden, IK and Sonnenborg, TO and Børgesen, CD and Trolle, D and Olesen, JE and Refsgaard, JC}, title = {Impacts of land use, climate change and hydrological model structure on nitrate fluxes: Magnitudes and uncertainties.}, journal = {The Science of the total environment}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {154671}, doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154671}, pmid = {35331772}, issn = {1879-1026}, abstract = {Nitrate pollution and eutrophication are of increasing concern in agriculturally dominated regions, and with projected future climate changes, these issues are expected to worsen for both surface and groundwater. Changes in land use and management have the potential to mitigate some of these concerns. However, to what extent these changes will interact is unknown, and are associated with significant uncertainty. Here, we estimate nitrate fluxes and contributions of major uncertainty sources (variance decomposition analysis) affecting nitrate leaching from the root zone and river load from groundwater sources for an agricultural catchment in Denmark under future changes (2080-2099) in climate (four climate models) and land use (four land use scenarios). To investigate the uncertainty from impact model choice, two different agro-hydrological models (SWAT and DAISY-MIKE SHE) both traditionally used for nitrate impact assessments are used for projecting these effects. On average, nitrate leaching from the root zone increased by 55%-123% due to different climate models, while the impact of land use scenarios showed changes between -9% and 88%, with similar projections for river loads, while the worst-case combination of the three factors yielded a fivefold increase in nitrate transport. Thus, in the future, major land use changes will be necessary to mitigate nitrate pollution likely in combination with other measures such as advanced management and farming technologies and differentiated regulation. The two agro-hydrological models showed substantially different reaction patterns and magnitude of nitrate fluxes, and while the largest uncertainty source was the land use scenarios for both models, DAISY-MIKE SHE was to a higher degree affected by climate model choice. The dominating uncertainty source was found to be the agro-hydrological model; however, both uncertainties related to land use scenario and climate model were important, thus highlighting the need to include all influential factors in future nitrate flux impact studies.}, }
@article {pmid35331574, year = {2022}, author = {Donnelly, MC and Stableforth, W and Krag, A and Reuben, A}, title = {The negative bidirectional interaction between climate change and the prevalence and care of liver disease: A joint BSG, BASL, EASL, and AASLD commentary.}, journal = {Journal of hepatology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.jhep.2022.02.012}, pmid = {35331574}, issn = {1600-0641}, }
@article {pmid35331440, year = {2022}, author = {Donnelly, MC and Stableforth, W and Krag, A and Reuben, A}, title = {The Negative Bidirectional Interaction Between Climate Change and the Prevalence and Care of Liver Disease: A Joint BSG, BASL, EASL, and AASLD Commentary.}, journal = {Gastroenterology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1053/j.gastro.2022.02.020}, pmid = {35331440}, issn = {1528-0012}, }
@article {pmid35331384, year = {2022}, author = {Bermúdez-Tamayo, C and Segura, A and Álvarez-Dardet, C}, title = {[Special issue of Gaceta Sanitaria on primary care and community health and climate change and health].}, journal = {Gaceta sanitaria}, volume = {36}, number = {2}, pages = {100}, doi = {10.1016/j.gaceta.2022.02.001}, pmid = {35331384}, issn = {1578-1283}, }
@article {pmid35330792, year = {2021}, author = {Wang, T}, title = {August Krogh, Carbonic Acid, Combustion of Coal, and Global Warming.}, journal = {Function (Oxford, England)}, volume = {2}, number = {6}, pages = {zqab052}, doi = {10.1093/function/zqab052}, pmid = {35330792}, issn = {2633-8823}, }
@article {pmid35330293, year = {2022}, author = {Jones, EBG and Ramakrishna, S and Vikineswary, S and Das, D and Bahkali, AH and Guo, SY and Pang, KL}, title = {How Do Fungi Survive in the Sea and Respond to Climate Change?.}, journal = {Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland)}, volume = {8}, number = {3}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3390/jof8030291}, pmid = {35330293}, issn = {2309-608X}, support = {MOST108-2621-B-019-001-, MOST109-2621-B-019-001-, MOST110-2621-M-019-002-//Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan/ ; Distinguished Scientist Fellowship Program (DSFP)//King Saud University/ ; }, abstract = {With the over 2000 marine fungi and fungal-like organisms documented so far, some have adapted fully to life in the sea, while some have the ability to tolerate environmental conditions in the marine milieu. These organisms have evolved various mechanisms for growth in the marine environment, especially against salinity gradients. This review highlights the response of marine fungi, fungal-like organisms and terrestrial fungi (for comparison) towards salinity variations in terms of their growth, spore germination, sporulation, physiology, and genetic adaptability. Marine, freshwater and terrestrial fungi and fungal-like organisms vary greatly in their response to salinity. Generally, terrestrial and freshwater fungi grow, germinate and sporulate better at lower salinities, while marine fungi do so over a wide range of salinities. Zoosporic fungal-like organisms are more sensitive to salinity than true fungi, especially Ascomycota and Basidiomycota. Labyrinthulomycota and marine Oomycota are more salinity tolerant than saprolegniaceous organisms in terms of growth and reproduction. Wide adaptability to saline conditions in marine or marine-related habitats requires mechanisms for maintaining accumulation of ions in the vacuoles, the exclusion of high levels of sodium chloride, the maintenance of turgor in the mycelium, optimal growth at alkaline pH, a broad temperature growth range from polar to tropical waters, and growth at depths and often under anoxic conditions, and these properties may allow marine fungi to positively respond to the challenges that climate change will bring. Other related topics will also be discussed in this article, such as the effect of salinity on secondary metabolite production by marine fungi, their evolution in the sea, and marine endophytes.}, }
@article {pmid35329012, year = {2022}, author = {Li, Q and Sun, P and Li, B and Mohiuddin, M}, title = {Impact of Climate Change on Rural Poverty Vulnerability from an Income Source Perspective: A Study Based on CHIPS2013 and County-Level Temperature Data in China.}, journal = {International journal of environmental research and public health}, volume = {19}, number = {6}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3390/ijerph19063328}, pmid = {35329012}, issn = {1660-4601}, abstract = {Harsh natural climatic environments, such as extreme weather and natural disasters, cause devastating blows to production activities and increase the probability of geographic poverty, climate poverty, and return to poverty. Thus, this study uses climate data and micro survey data (CHIPS2013) to examine the impact of climate on vulnerability to individual poverty in rural China. The results demonstrated that extreme temperatures (hotter summers, colder winters, and greater day-to-day temperature gaps) reduce vulnerability to poverty. This was also supported by the median and average temperatures. Second, there is an association between poverty vulnerability and poverty; that is, poorer people will become poorer with an increase in poverty vulnerability. In fact, in the case of higher income, the higher the probability of returning to poverty, the higher the vulnerability. Policy formulation processes should take into consideration different types of impacts from harsh climate on different vulnerable groups. No single action might be adequate and an integrative approach integrating various strategies and actions are required to overcome challenges posed by climate change and poverty vulnerabilities.}, }
@article {pmid35328938, year = {2022}, author = {Nabhan, GP and Daugherty, E and Hartung, T}, title = {Health Benefits of the Diverse Volatile Oils in Native Plants of Ancient Ironwood-Giant Cactus Forests of the Sonoran Desert: An Adaptation to Climate Change?.}, journal = {International journal of environmental research and public health}, volume = {19}, number = {6}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3390/ijerph19063250}, pmid = {35328938}, issn = {1660-4601}, abstract = {We document the species richness and volatile oil diversity in Sonoran Desert plants found in the Arizona Uplands subdivision of this binational USA/Mexico region. Using floristics, we determined that more than 60 species of 178 native plants in the ancient ironwood-giant cactus forests emit fragrant biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs), especially with the onset of summer monsoons. From these desert species, more than 115 volatile oils have been identified from one biogeographic region. For the 5 BVOCs most commonly associated with "forest bathing" practices in Asian temperate forests, at least 15 Sonoran Desert plant species emit them in Arizona Uplands vegetation. We document the potential health benefits attributed to each of 13 BVOCs in isolation, but we also hypothesize that the entire "suite" of BVOCs emitted from a diversity of desert plants during the monsoons may function synergistically to generate additional health benefits. Regular exposure to these BVOC health benefits may become more important to prevent or mitigate diseases of oxidative stress and other climate maladies in a hotter, drier world.}, }
@article {pmid35328754, year = {2022}, author = {Lan, Y and Chawade, A and Kuktaite, R and Johansson, E}, title = {Climate Change Impact on Wheat Performance-Effects on Vigour, Plant Traits and Yield from Early and Late Drought Stress in Diverse Lines.}, journal = {International journal of molecular sciences}, volume = {23}, number = {6}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3390/ijms23063333}, pmid = {35328754}, issn = {1422-0067}, abstract = {Global climate change is threatening wheat productivity; improved yield under drought conditions is urgent. Here, diverse spring-wheat lines (modern, old and wheat-rye introgressions) were examined in an image-based early-vigour assay and a controlled-conditions (Biotron) trial that evaluated 13 traits until maturity. Early root vigour was significantly higher in the old Swedish lines (root length 8.50 cm) and introgressed lines with 1R (11.78 cm) and 1RS (9.91 cm) than in the modern (4.20 cm) and 2R (4.67 cm) lines. No significant correlation was noted between early root and shoot vigour. A higher yield was obtained under early drought stress in the 3R genotypes than in the other genotype groups, while no clear patterns were noted under late drought. Evaluating the top 10% of genotypes in terms of the stress-tolerance index for yield showed that root biomass, grains and spikes per plant were accountable for tolerance to early drought, while 1000-grain weight and flag-leaf area were accountable for tolerance to late drought. Early root vigour was determined as an important focus trait of wheat breeding for tolerance to climate-change-induced drought. The responsible genes for the trait should be searched for in these diverse lines. Additional drought-tolerance traits determined here need further elaboration to identify the responsible genes.}, }
@article {pmid35328044, year = {2022}, author = {Dettori, M and Cesaraccio, C and Duce, P and Mereu, V}, title = {Performance Prediction of Durum Wheat Genotypes in Response to Drought and Heat in Climate Change Conditions.}, journal = {Genes}, volume = {13}, number = {3}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3390/genes13030488}, pmid = {35328044}, issn = {2073-4425}, abstract = {With an approach combining crop modelling and biotechnology to assess the performance of three durum wheat cultivars (Creso, Duilio, Simeto) in a climate change context, weather and agronomic datasets over the period 1973-2004 from two sites, Benatzu and Ussana (Southern Sardinia, Itay), were used and the model responses were interpreted considering the role of DREB genes in the genotype performance with a focus on drought conditions. The CERES-Wheat crop model was calibrated and validated for grain yield, earliness and kernel weight. Forty-eight synthetic scenarios were used: 6 scenarios with increasing maximum air temperature; 6 scenarios with decreasing rainfall; 36 scenarios combining increasing temperature and decreasing rainfall. The simulated effects on yields, anthesis and kernel weights resulted in yield reduction, increasing kernel weight, and shortened growth duration in both sites. Creso (late cultivar) was the most sensitive to simulated climate conditions. Simeto and Duilio (early cultivars) showed lower simulated yield reductions and a larger anticipation of anthesis date. Observed data showed the same responses for the three cultivars in both sites. The CERES-Wheat model proved to be effective in representing reality and can be used in crop breeding programs with a molecular approach aiming at developing molecular markers for the resistance to drought stress.}, }
@article {pmid35325288, year = {2022}, author = {Correia, HE and Tveraa, T and Stien, A and Yoccoz, N}, title = {Nonlinear spatial and temporal decomposition provides insight for climate change effects on sub-Arctic herbivore populations.}, journal = {Oecologia}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, pmid = {35325288}, issn = {1432-1939}, support = {DGE-1414475//National Science Foundation/ ; 276395//Research Council of Norway/ ; }, abstract = {Global temperatures are increasing, affecting timing and availability of vegetation along with relationships between plants and their consumers. We examined the effect of population density, herd body condition in the previous year, elevation, plant productivity and phenology, snow, and winter onset on juvenile body mass in 63 semi-domesticated populations of Rangifer tarandus throughout Norway using spatiotemporal generalized additive models (GAMs) and varying coefficient models (VCMs). Optimal climate windows were calculated at both the regional and national level using a novel nonlinear climate window algorithm optimized for prediction. Spatial and temporal variation in effects of population and environmental predictors were considered using a model including covariates decomposed into spatial, temporal, and residual components. The performance of this decomposed model was compared to spatiotemporal GAMs and VCMs. The decomposed model provided the best fit and lowest prediction errors. A positive effect of herd body condition in the previous year explained most of the deviance in calf body mass, followed by a more complex effect of population density. A negative effect of timing of spring and positive effect of winter onset on juvenile body mass suggested that a snow free season was positive for juvenile body mass growth. Our findings suggest early spring onset and later winter permanent snow cover as reinforcers of early-life conditions which support more robust reindeer populations. Our methodological improvements for climate window analyses and effect size measures for decomposed variables provide important contributions to account for, measure, and interpret nonlinear relationships between climate and animal populations at large scales.}, }
@article {pmid35318516, year = {2022}, author = {Wang, L and Zeng, X and Yu, H}, title = {Association between Lake Sediment Nutrients and Climate Change, Human Activities: A Time-Series Analysis.}, journal = {Environmental management}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, pmid = {35318516}, issn = {1432-1009}, support = {16XNL004//special fund for the central universities to build world-first-class universities (in disciplines) and for guidance of characteristic development/ ; }, abstract = {Climate change and human activities are closely linked with the nutrient accumulation in sediments, but the role of influence factors and the driving mechanisms are unclear. Here, by using the generalized additive model (GAM), we investigated the contributions and driving mechanisms of climate change and human activities on TON, TN, and TP accumulation in sediments of typical lakes in the Huai River basin (Nansi Lake and Hongze Lake) from 1988 to 2018. The impacts of factors, such as air temperature (AT), real GDP per capita (GDP), population density (PD), crop sown area (CSA), artificial impervious area (AIA), and domestic sewage discharge (DSD) were considered in this study. The results of the multivariate GAM showed that the sediment variables were significantly affected by climate change in Nansi Lake, but not in Hongze Lake. AT and DSD contributed the most to the variation of sediment TOC in Nansi Lake, while the most critical factors affecting TN and TP were AT, PD and DSD. PD and CSA showed strong ability to explain the change of TOC in Hongze Lake, while CSA and DSD showed strong ability to explain the variations of TN and TP. The results show that the selected optimal multivariate GAM can well quantify the effects of climate change and human activities on nutrient enrichment in lake sediments. Effective recommendations are provided for decision-makers in developing water quality management plans to prevent eutrophication outbreaks in lake waters by targeting and controlling key factors.}, }
@article {pmid35317493, year = {2022}, author = {Li, Q and Samimi, C}, title = {Sub-Saharan Africa's international migration constrains its sustainable development under climate change.}, journal = {Sustainability science}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {1-25}, doi = {10.1007/s11625-022-01116-z}, pmid = {35317493}, issn = {1862-4057}, abstract = {Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is seen as a region of mass migration and population displacement caused by poverty, violent conflict, and environmental stress. However, empirical evidence is inconclusive regarding how SSA's international migration progressed and reacted during its march to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This article attempts to study the patterns and determinants of SSA's international migration and the cause and effects on sustainable development by developing a Sustainability Index and regression models. We find that international migration was primarily intra-SSA to low-income but high-population-density countries. Along with increased sustainability scores, international migration declined, but emigration rose. Climate extremes tend to affect migration and emigration but not universally. Dry extremes propelled migration, whereas wet extremes had an adverse effect. Hot extremes had an increasing effect but were insignificant. SSA's international migration was driven by food insecurity, low life expectancy, political instability and violence, high economic growth, unemployment, and urbanisation rates. The probability of emigration was mainly driven by high fertility. SSA's international migration promoted asylum seeking to Europe with the diversification of origin countries and a motive for economic wellbeing. 1% more migration flow or 1% higher probability of emigration led to a 0.2% increase in asylum seekers from SSA to Europe. Large-scale international migration and recurrent emigration constrained SSA's sustainable development in political stability, food security, and health, requiring adequate governance and institutions for better migration management and planning towards the SDGs.<br><br>Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11625-022-01116-z.}, }
@article {pmid35317261, year = {2022}, author = {Aguilera, P and Ortiz, N and Becerra, N and Turrini, A and Gaínza-Cortés, F and Silva-Flores, P and Aguilar-Paredes, A and Romero, JK and Jorquera-Fontena, E and Mora, ML and Borie, F}, title = {Application of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Vineyards: Water and Biotic Stress Under a Climate Change Scenario: New Challenge for Chilean Grapevine Crop.}, journal = {Frontiers in microbiology}, volume = {13}, number = {}, pages = {826571}, doi = {10.3389/fmicb.2022.826571}, pmid = {35317261}, issn = {1664-302X}, abstract = {The crop Vitis vinifera (L.) is of great economic importance as Chile is one of the main wine-producing countries, reaching a vineyard area of 145,000 ha. This vine crop is usually very sensitive to local condition changes and agronomic practices; therefore, strategies to counteract the expected future decrease in water level for agricultural irrigation, temperature increase, extreme water stress (abiotic stress), as well as increase in pathogenic diseases (biotic stress) related to climate change will be of vital importance for this crop. Studies carried out in recent years have suggested that arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can provide key ecosystem services to host plants, such as water uptake implementation and enhanced absorption of nutrients such as P and N, which are key factors for improving the nutritional status of the vine. AMF use in viticulture will contribute also to sustainable agronomic management and bioprotection against pathogens. Here we will present (1) the current status of grapevines in Chile, (2) the main problems in grapevines related to water stress and associated with climate change, (3) the importance of AMF to face water stress and pathogens, and (4) the application of AMF as a biotechnological and sustainable tool in vineyards.}, }
@article {pmid35316945, year = {2022}, author = {Koot, EM and Morgan-Richards, M and Trewick, SA}, title = {Climate change and alpine-adapted insects: modelling environmental envelopes of a grasshopper radiation.}, journal = {Royal Society open science}, volume = {9}, number = {3}, pages = {211596}, doi = {10.1098/rsos.211596}, pmid = {35316945}, issn = {2054-5703}, abstract = {Mountains create steep environmental gradients that are sensitive barometers of climate change. We calibrated 10 statistical models to formulate ensemble ecological niche models for 12 predominantly alpine, flightless grasshopper species in Aotearoa New Zealand, using their current distributions and current conditions. Niche models were then projected for two future global climate scenarios: representative concentration pathway (RCP) 2.6 (1.0°C rise) and RCP8.5 (3.7°C rise). Results were species specific, with two-thirds of our models suggesting a reduction in potential range for nine species by 2070, but surprisingly, for six species, we predict an increase in potential suitable habitat under mild (+1.0°C) or severe global warming (+3.7°C). However, when the limited dispersal ability of these flightless grasshoppers is taken into account, all 12 species studied are predicted to suffer extreme reductions in range, with a quarter likely to go extinct due to a 96-100% reduction in suitable habitat. Habitat loss is associated with habitat fragmentation that is likely to escalate stochastic vulnerability of remaining populations. Here, we present the predicted outcomes for an endemic radiation of alpine taxa as an exemplar of the challenges that alpine species, both in New Zealand and internationally, are subject to by anthropogenic climate change.}, }
@article {pmid35314961, year = {2022}, author = {Seritan, AL and Coverdale, J and Brenner, AM}, title = {Climate Change and Mental Health Curricula: Addressing Barriers to Teaching.}, journal = {Academic psychiatry : the journal of the American Association of Directors of Psychiatric Residency Training and the Association for Academic Psychiatry}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, pmid = {35314961}, issn = {1545-7230}, }
@article {pmid35314231, year = {2022}, author = {Krztoń, W and Walusiak, E and Wilk-Woźniak, E}, title = {Possible consequences of climate change on global water resources stored in dam reservoirs.}, journal = {The Science of the total environment}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {154646}, doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154646}, pmid = {35314231}, issn = {1879-1026}, abstract = {Construction of dams and transformation of rivers, not only affects river-related and adjacent habitats, but also establishes new threats to surface freshwater resources globally. Predicted climate changes and increase of mean annual temperature will affect thermal regimes of dam reservoir ecosystems, severely altering their functioning. Analyzing three projections of representative concentration pathway (RCP 4.5, 6.0 and 8.5) for period of 2061-2080, we found that mean annual temperature at dam reservoir locations will increase by 3.06 °C to 4.74 °C from present. The highest projected increase of temperature was identified for dam reservoirs located in high latitudes of Northern Hemisphere, and therefore dam reservoirs located there will be most significantly affected. Numerous consequences of temperature increase are already recorded. Further increase will amplify unfavorable effects on numerous ecosystems, including dam reservoirs which are built on the purpose of the human population development. Our study indicates a threat for artificially stored water globally, with special attention to high latitudes in northern hemisphere and latitudes close to 200S meridian in southern hemisphere.}, }
@article {pmid35314224, year = {2022}, author = {Michetti, M and Gualtieri, M and Anav, A and Adani, M and Benassi, B and Dalmastri, C and D'Elia, I and Piersanti, A and Sannino, G and Zanini, G and Uccelli, R}, title = {Climate change and air pollution: Translating their interplay into present and future mortality risk for Rome and Milan municipalities.}, journal = {The Science of the total environment}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {154680}, doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154680}, pmid = {35314224}, issn = {1879-1026}, abstract = {Heat and cold temperatures associated with exposure to poor air quality lead to increased mortality. Using a generalized linear model with Poisson regression for overdispersion, this study quantifies the natural-caused mortality burden attributable to heat/cold temperatures and PM10 and O3 air pollutants in Rome and Milan, the two most populated Italian cities. We calculate local-specific mortality relative risks (RRs) for the period 2004-2015 considering the overall population and the most vulnerable age category (≥85 years). Combining a regional climate model with a chemistry-transport model under future climate and air pollution scenarios (RCP2.6 and RCP8.5), we then project mortality to 2050. Results show that for historical mortality the burden is much larger for cold than for warm temperatures. RR peaks during wintertime in Milan and summertime in Rome, highlighting the relevance of accounting for the effects of air pollution besides that of climate, in particular PM10 for Milan and O3 for Rome. Overall, Milan reports higher RRs while, in both cities, the elderly appear more susceptible to heat/cold and air pollution events than the average population. Two counterbalancing effects shape mortality in the future: an increase associated with higher and more frequent warmer daily temperatures - especially in the case of climate inaction - and a decrease due to declining cold-mortality burden. The outcomes highlight the urgent need to adopt more stringent and integrated climate and air quality policies to reduce the temperature and air pollution combined effects on health.}, }
@article {pmid35312374, year = {2022}, author = {Aze, T}, title = {Unraveling ecological signals from a global warming event of the past.}, journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America}, volume = {119}, number = {13}, pages = {e2201495119}, doi = {10.1073/pnas.2201495119}, pmid = {35312374}, issn = {1091-6490}, }
@article {pmid35312144, year = {2022}, author = {Hapsari, KA and Jennerjahn, T and Nugroho, SH and Yulianto, E and Behling, H}, title = {Sea level rise and climate change acting as interactive stressors on development and dynamics of tropical peatlands in coastal Sumatra and South Borneo since the Last Glacial Maximum.}, journal = {Global change biology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1111/gcb.16131}, pmid = {35312144}, issn = {1365-2486}, support = {BE-2116/32-1//Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft/ ; }, abstract = {Southeast Asian peatlands, along with their various important ecosystem services, are mainly distributed in the coastal areas of Sumatra and Borneo. These ecosystems are threatened by coastal development, global warming and sea level rise (SLR). Despite receiving growing attention for their biodiversity and as massive carbon stores, there is still a lack of knowledge on how they initiated and evolved over time, and how they responded to past environmental change, that is, precipitation, sea level and early anthropogenic activities. To improve our understanding thereof, we conducted multi-proxy paleoecological studies in the Kampar Peninsula and Katingan peatlands in the coastal area of Riau and Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. The results indicate that the initiation timing and environment of both peatlands are very distinct, suggesting that peat could form under various vegetation as soon as there is sufficient moisture to limit organic matter decomposition. The past dynamics of both peatlands were mainly attributable to natural drivers, while anthropogenic activities were hardly relevant. Changes in precipitation and sea level led to shifts in peat swamp forest vegetation, peat accumulation rates and fire regimes at both sites. We infer that the simultaneous occurrence of El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events and SLR resulted in synergistic effects which led to the occurrence of severe fires in a pristine coastal peatland ecosystem; however, it did not interrupt peat accretion. In the future, SLR, combined with the projected increase in frequency and intensity of ENSO, can potentially amplify the negative effects of anthropogenic peatland fires. This prospectively stimulates massive carbon release, thus could, in turn, contribute to worsening the global climate crisis especially once an as yet unknown threshold is crossed and peat accretion is halted, that is, peatlands lose their carbon sink function. Given the current rapid SLR, coastal peatland managements should start develop fire risk reduction or mitigation strategies.}, }
@article {pmid35310630, year = {2022}, author = {Ling, Z and Shi, Z and Gu, S and Wang, T and Zhu, W and Feng, G}, title = {Impact of Climate Change and Rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) Plantation Expansion on Reference Evapotranspiration in Xishuangbanna, Southwest China.}, journal = {Frontiers in plant science}, volume = {13}, number = {}, pages = {830519}, pmid = {35310630}, issn = {1664-462X}, abstract = {The expansion of rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) cultivation plantation over the past few decades has been significantly explosive in Xishuangbanna, southwest China. More and more evidences concerning the expansion of rubber plantations lead to the negative influence to local regional hydrology. It is vital to explore the impact of climate change and rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) plantation expansion on reference evapotranspiration (ET0) for the sustainable and efficient use of regional water resources. In this study, the spatiotemporal variation of ET0 as well as its relationship in rubber plantations area in Xishuangbanna from 1970-2017 were analyzed by using trend, correlation and contribution analysis. The results showed that the rubber plantation was 12,768 ha yr-1 from 1990 to 2017 in Xishuangbanna, and nearly 40.8% of new rubber plantations expanded above 900 m in altitude from 2000 to 2017. Sunshine duration and average relative humidity were the key meteorological factors that affect ET0 in Xishuangbanna, with the sensitivity coefficient of 0.51 and 0.35, respectively. The multiyear relative change of ET0 in Xishuangbanna was 9.18%, and the total contribution of major climate factors was 7.87% during 1970 and 2017. The average relative humidity in the plantation area decreases, which directly leads to the increase of ET0. The amount of ET0 change from 2000 to 2017 affected by climate change increased at 3.13 mm/10a, whereas it was 2.17 mm/10a affected by the expansion of rubber plantations by quantitative separation. ET0 was significantly affected by climate change but intensified by the expansion of rubber plantation.}, }
@article {pmid35307429, year = {2022}, author = {Cooper, J and Dubey, L and Bakkaloglu, S and Hawkes, A}, title = {Hydrogen emissions from the hydrogen value chain-emissions profile and impact to global warming.}, journal = {The Science of the total environment}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {154624}, doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154624}, pmid = {35307429}, issn = {1879-1026}, abstract = {Future energy systems could rely on hydrogen (H2) to achieve decarbonisation and net-zero goals. In a similar energy landscape to natural gas, H2 emissions occur along the supply chain. It has been studied how current gas infrastructure can support H2, but there is little known about how H2 emissions affect global warming as an indirect greenhouse gas. In this work, we have estimated for the first time the potential emission profiles (g CO2eq/MJ H2, HHV) of H2 supply chains, and found that the emission rates of H2 from H2 supply chains and methane from natural gas supply are comparable, but the impact on global warming is much lower based on current estimates. This study also demonstrates the critical importance of establishing mobile H2 emission monitoring and reducing the uncertainty of short-lived H2 climate forcing so as to clearly address H2 emissions for net-zero strategies.}, }
@article {pmid35307372, year = {2022}, author = {Fang, Q and Wang, G and Zhang, S and Peng, Y and Xue, B and Cao, Y and Shrestha, S}, title = {A novel ecohydrological model by capturing variations in climate change and vegetation coverage in a semi-arid region of China.}, journal = {Environmental research}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {113085}, doi = {10.1016/j.envres.2022.113085}, pmid = {35307372}, issn = {1096-0953}, abstract = {Variations in vegetation are influenced by regional climate regimes and, in turn, control the water balance behavior in water-limited regions. Owing to its role in ecohydrological processes, vegetation is an essential link in modeling the relationships among climate conditions, vegetation patterns, and dynamic water balance behavior. However, previous ecohydrological models have been empirical and complex, without physically significant parameters. Here, we propose a novel ecohydrological model (a Budyko model-coupled vegetation model) that combines the impacts of climate change and vegetation variations, featuring simple and deterministic parameters. In addition to accounting for the fundamental water balance model and its factors, mean precipitation, potential evapotranspiration, runoff, and variations in water storage (δS), the model showed better performance when incorporating δS (RMSE = 2.72 mm yr-1) and its parameter ε -, which is mechanically and quantitively subject to the vegetation coverage (R2 = 0.95, p < 0.01). This was estimated as a function of vegetation potential canopy conductance, mean rainstorm depth, mean time between storms, and potential rate of evapotranspiration in a semi-arid watershed with impulsive precipitation in China (R2 = 0.80, p < 0.01). The model also found that vegetation growth was mainly controlled by soil water content and decoupled the impact of the total amount of precipitation on vegetation in the northeastern area of the watershed. Hence, our method presents a new tool for building an ecohydrological model that includes deterministic parameters of mechanical significance.}, }
@article {pmid35304443, year = {2022}, author = {Li, X and Gallagher, KP}, title = {Assessing the climate change exposure of foreign direct investment.}, journal = {Nature communications}, volume = {13}, number = {1}, pages = {1451}, pmid = {35304443}, issn = {2041-1723}, abstract = {This study deploys newly available data to examine the exposure of multinational companies' overseas investments to physical climate risks. Globally, foreign investments are significantly exposed to lower physical climate risks, compared with local firms across countries. Within countries however, the differences of physical climate risks between foreign and local facilities are small. We also examine China, as it is fast becoming one of the largest sources of outward foreign investment across the globe. We find that foreign direct investment from China is significantly more exposed to water stress, floods, hurricanes and typhoon risks across countries, compared with other foreign facilities. Within host countries however, once again the physical climate risks of Chinese overseas facilities are comparable to those of non-Chinese foreign investments.}, }
@article {pmid35301036, year = {2022}, author = {Tan, K and Zhang, H and Zheng, H}, title = {Climate change and n-3 LC-PUFA availability.}, journal = {Progress in lipid research}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {101161}, doi = {10.1016/j.plipres.2022.101161}, pmid = {35301036}, issn = {1873-2194}, abstract = {Omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LC-PUFA) are essential fatty acids for the growth, development and survival of virtually all organisms. There is increasing evidence that anthropogenic climate change has a direct and indirect impact on the availability of natural n-3 LC-PUFA. However, this information is fragmented and not well organized. Therefore, this article reviewed published data from laboratory experiments, field experiments and model simulations to reveal the impact of climate change on the global supply of natural n-3 LC-PUFA and how this will limit the availability of n-3 LC-PUFA in the future food web. In general, climate change can significantly reduce the availability of natural n-3 LC-PUFA in grazing food webs in the following ways: 1) decrease the total biomass of phytoplankton and shift the plankton community structure to a smaller size, which also reduce the biomass of animals in higher trophics; 2) reduce the n-3 LC-PUFA content and/or quality (n-3: n-6 ratio) of all marine organisms; 3) reduce the transfer efficiency of n-3 LC-PUFA in grazing food web. In addition, as an anthropogenic climate adaptation measure, this review also proposed some alternative sources of n-3 LC-PUFA and determined the direction of future research. The information in this article is very useful for providing a critical analysis of the impact of climate change on the supply of natural n-3 LC-PUFA. Such information will aid to establish climate adaptation or management measures, and determine the direction of future research.}, }
@article {pmid35299646, year = {2022}, author = {Nelson, LK and Bogeberg, M and Cullen, A and Koehn, LE and Strawn, A and Levin, PS}, title = {Perspectives on managing fisheries for community wellbeing in the face of climate change.}, journal = {Maritime studies : MAST}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {1-20}, doi = {10.1007/s40152-021-00252-z}, pmid = {35299646}, issn = {2212-9790}, abstract = {Coastal communities are being impacted by climate change, affecting the livelihoods, food security, and wellbeing of residents. Human wellbeing is influenced by the heath of the environment through numerous pathways and is increasingly being included as a desired outcome in environmental management. However, the contributors to wellbeing can be subjective and the values and perspectives of decision-makers can affect the aspects of wellbeing that are included in planning. We used Q methodology to examine how a group of individuals in fisheries management prioritize components of wellbeing that may be important to coastal communities in the California Current social-ecological system (SES). The California Current SES is an integrated system of ecological and human communities with complex linkages and connections where commercial fishing is part of the culture and an important livelihood. We asked individuals that sit on advisory bodies to the Pacific Fisheries Management Council to rank 36 statements about coastal community wellbeing, ultimately revealing three discourses about how we can best support or improve wellbeing in those communities. We examine how the priorities differ between the discourses, identify areas of consensus, and discuss how these perspectives may influence decision-making when it comes to tradeoffs inherent in climate adaptation in fisheries. Lastly, we consider if and how thoughts about priorities have been affected by the COVID-19 pandemic.}, }
@article {pmid35298094, year = {2022}, author = {Heikkinen, J and Keskinen, R and Kostensalo, J and Nuutinen, V}, title = {Climate change induces carbon loss of arable mineral soils in boreal conditions.}, journal = {Global change biology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1111/gcb.16164}, pmid = {35298094}, issn = {1365-2486}, abstract = {One fourth of the global soil organic carbon (SOC) is stored in boreal region, where climate change is predicted to be faster than the global average. Planetary warming is accelerated if climate change promotes SOC release into the atmosphere as carbon dioxide. However, the soil carbon-climate feedbacks have been poorly confirmed by SOC measurements despite of their importance on global climate. In this study we used data collected as part of the Finnish arable soil monitoring program to study the influence of climate change, management practices and historical land use on changes in SOC content using a Bayesian approach. Topsoil samples (n=385) collected nationwide in 2009 and 2018 showed that SOC content has decreased at the rate of 0.35% yr-1 on average. Based on Bayesian modelling of our data we can say with a certainty of 79-91% that increase in summertime (May-Sep) temperature has resulted in SOC loss while increased precipitation has resulted in SOC loss with a certainty of 90-97%. The exact percentages depend on the climate dataset used. Historical land use was found to influence the SOC content for decades after conversion to cropland. Former organic soils with high SOC-to-fine-fraction ratio were prone to high SOC loss. In fields with long cultivation history (>100 years), however, the SOC-to-fine-fraction ratio had stabilized to approximately 0.03-0.04 and the changes in SOC content leveled off. Our results showed that, although arable SOC sequestration can be promoted by diversifying crop rotations and by cultivating perennial grasses, it is unlikely that improved management practices are sufficient to counterbalance the climate change induced SOC losses in boreal conditions. This underlines the importance of reduction of greenhouse gas emissions to avoid the acceleration of planetary warming.}, }
@article {pmid35297000, year = {2022}, author = {Zahoor, B and Liu, X and Songer, M}, title = {The impact of climate change on three indicator Galliformes species in the northern highlands of Pakistan.}, journal = {Environmental science and pollution research international}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, pmid = {35297000}, issn = {1614-7499}, support = {27847-1//Rufford Foundation/ ; 41671183//Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 41271194//Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; }, abstract = {The rise in global temperature is one of the main threats of extinction to many vulnerable species by the twenty-first century. The negative impacts of climate change on the northern highlands of Pakistan (NHP) could change the species composition. Range shifts and range reduction in the forested landscapes will dramatically affect the distribution of forest-dwelling species, including the Galliformes (ground birds). Three Galliformes (e.g., Lophophorus impejanus, Pucrasia macrolopha, and Tragopan melanocephalus) are indicator species of the environment and currently distributed in NHP. For this study, we used Maximum Entropy Model (MaxEnt) to simulate the current (average for 1960-1990) and future (in 2050 and 2070) distributions of the species using three General Circulation Models (GCMs) and two climate change scenarios, i.e., RCP4.5 (moderate carbon emission scenario) and RCP8.5 (peak carbon emission scenario). Our results indicated that (i) under all three climate scenarios, species distribution was predicted to both reduce and shift towards higher altitudes. (ii) Across the provinces in the NHP, the species were predicted to average lose around one-third (35%) in 2050 and one-half (47%) by 2070 of the current suitable habitat. (iii) The maximum area of climate refugia was projected between the altitudinal range of 2000 to 4000 m and predicted to shift towards higher altitudes primarily > 3000 m in the future. Our results help inform management plans and conservation strategies for mitigating the impacts of climate change on three indicator Galliforms species in the NHP.}, }
@article {pmid35296730, year = {2022}, author = {Mather, B and Müller, RD and O'Neill, C and Beall, A and Vervoort, RW and Moresi, L}, title = {Constraining the response of continental-scale groundwater flow to climate change.}, journal = {Scientific reports}, volume = {12}, number = {1}, pages = {4539}, pmid = {35296730}, issn = {2045-2322}, abstract = {Numerical models of groundwater flow play a critical role for water management scenarios under climate extremes. Large-scale models play a key role in determining long range flow pathways from continental interiors to the oceans, yet struggle to simulate the local flow patterns offered by small-scale models. We have developed a highly scalable numerical framework to model continental groundwater flow which capture the intricate flow pathways between deep aquifers and the near-surface. The coupled thermal-hydraulic basin structure is inferred from hydraulic head measurements, recharge estimates from geochemical proxies, and borehole temperature data using a Bayesian framework. We use it to model the deep groundwater flow beneath the Sydney-Gunnedah-Bowen Basin, part of Australia's largest aquifer system. Coastal aquifers have flow rates of up to 0.3 m/day, and a corresponding groundwater residence time of just 2,000 years. In contrast, our model predicts slow flow rates of 0.005 m/day for inland aquifers, resulting in a groundwater residence time of [Formula: see text] 400,000 years. Perturbing the model to account for a drop in borehole water levels since 2000, we find that lengthened inland flow pathways depart significantly from pre-2000 streamlines as groundwater is drawn further from recharge zones in a drying climate. Our results illustrate that progressively increasing water extraction from inland aquifers may permanently alter long-range flow pathways. Our open-source modelling approach can be extended to any basin and may help inform policies on the sustainable management of groundwater.}, }
@article {pmid35295625, year = {2022}, author = {Sammarco, I and Münzbergová, Z and Latzel, V}, title = {DNA Methylation Can Mediate Local Adaptation and Response to Climate Change in the Clonal Plant Fragaria vesca: Evidence From a European-Scale Reciprocal Transplant Experiment.}, journal = {Frontiers in plant science}, volume = {13}, number = {}, pages = {827166}, doi = {10.3389/fpls.2022.827166}, pmid = {35295625}, issn = {1664-462X}, abstract = {The ongoing climate crisis represents a growing threat for plants and other organisms. However, how and if plants will be able to adapt to future environmental conditions is still debated. One of the most powerful mechanisms allowing plants to tackle the changing climate is phenotypic plasticity, which can be regulated by epigenetic mechanisms. Environmentally induced epigenetic variation mediating phenotypic plasticity might be heritable across (a)sexual generations, thus potentially enabling rapid adaptation to climate change. Here, we assessed whether epigenetic mechanisms, DNA methylation in particular, enable for local adaptation and response to increased and/or decreased temperature of natural populations of a clonal plant, Fragaria vesca (wild strawberry). We collected ramets from three populations along a temperature gradient in each of three countries covering the southern (Italy), central (Czechia), and northern (Norway) edges of the native European range of F. vesca. After clonal propagation and alteration of DNA methylation status of half of the plants via 5-azacytidine, we reciprocally transplanted clones to their home locality and to the other two climatically distinct localities within the country of their origin. At the end of the growing season, we recorded survival and aboveground biomass as fitness estimates. We found evidence for local adaptation in intermediate and cold populations in Italy and maladaptation of plants of the warmest populations in all countries. Plants treated with 5-azacytidine showed either better or worse performance in their local conditions than untreated plants. Application of 5-azacytidine also affected plant response to changed climatic conditions when transplanted to the colder or warmer locality than was their origin, and the response was, however, country-specific. We conclude that the increasing temperature will probably be the limiting factor determining F. vesca survival and distribution. DNA methylation may contribute to local adaptation and response to climatic change in natural ecosystems; however, its role may depend on the specific environmental conditions. Since adaptation mediated by epigenetic variation may occur faster than via natural selection on genetic variants, epigenetic adaptation might to some degree help plants in keeping up with the ongoing environmental crisis.}, }
@article {pmid35294974, year = {2022}, author = {Daoudi, M and Outammassine, A and Amane, M and Hafidi, M and Boussaa, S and Boumezzough, A}, title = {Climate Change Influences on the Potential Distribution of the Sand Fly Phlebotomus sergenti, Vector of Leishmania tropica in Morocco.}, journal = {Acta parasitologica}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, pmid = {35294974}, issn = {1896-1851}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Leishmaniases are a vector-borne disease, re-emerging in several regions of the world posing a burden on public health. As other vector-borne diseases, climate change is a crucial factor affecting the evolution of leishmaniasis. In Morocco, anthroponotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) is widespread geographically as many foci across the country, mainly in central Morocco. The objective of this study is to evaluate the potential impacts of climate change on the distribution of ACL due to Leishmania tropica, and its corresponding vector Phlebotomus sergenti in Morocco.<br><br>METHODS: Using Ecological Niche Modeling (ENM) tool, the estimated geographical range shift of L. tropica and P. sergenti by 2050 was projected under two Representative's Concentration's Pathways (RCPs) to be 2.6 and RCP 8.5 respectively. P. sergenti records were obtained from field collections of the laboratory team and previously published entomological observations, while, epidemiological data for L. tropica were obtained from Moroccan Ministry of Health reports.<br><br>RESULTS: Our models under present-day conditions indicated a probable expansion for L. tropica as well as for its vector in Morocco, P. sergenti. It showed a concentrated distribution in the west-central and northern area of Morocco. Future predictions anticipate expansion into areas not identified as suitable for P. sergenti under present conditions, particularly in northern and southeastern areas of Morocco. L. tropica is also expected to have high expansion in southern areas for the next 30 years in Morocco.<br><br>CONCLUSION: This indicates that L. tropica and P. sergenti will continue to find suitable climate conditions in the future. A higher abundance of P. sergenti may indeed result in a higher transmission risk of ACL. This information is essential in developing a control plan for ACL in Morocco. However, future investigations on L. tropica reservoirs are needed to confirm our predictions.}, }
@article {pmid35294661, year = {2022}, author = {Ferreira, RB and Parreira, MR and de Arruda, FV and Falcão, MJA and de Freitas Mansano, V and Nabout, JC}, title = {Combining ecological niche models with experimental seed germination to estimate the effect of climate change on the distribution of endangered plant species in the Brazilian Cerrado.}, journal = {Environmental monitoring and assessment}, volume = {194}, number = {4}, pages = {283}, pmid = {35294661}, issn = {1573-2959}, support = {001//CAPES/ ; 001//CAPES/ ; }, abstract = {Predicting the geographic distribution of plants that provide ecosystem services is essential to understand the adaptation of communities and conserve that group toward climate change. Predictions can be more accurate if changes in physiological characteristics of species due to those changes are included. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the impacts of climate change on the different hierarchical levels of Apuleia leiocarpa (Vogel) J. F. Macbr. (Fabaceae). Therefore, we experimentally evaluate the effect of different temperatures on the initial development (vigor) and estimate the impact of climate change on the potential geographic distribution of the species, using ecological niche approaches. For the experiment, we used 11 temperature intervals of 2 °C ranging from 21 to 41 °C. We used ecological niche modeling techniques (ENM) to predict the species' environmental suitability in future climate scenarios. The association between the experiment and niche models was obtained by testing the relationships of temperature increase on the species vigor and geographic distribution. This conceptual model to determine the direct and indirect effects of temperature was generated using the methodological framework of structural equation models. The experiment showed that the seeds had the highest growth at 31 °C. ENMs indicated that due to climate change, there is a tendency for the plant to migrate to regions with milder temperatures. However, such regions may be unsuitable for the plant since they do not have ideal temperatures to germinate, which may cause a drastic reduction in their availability in a future climate change scenario. The inclusion of seed germination through experimental research allowed us to detect an area that is less suitable for germination despite being climatically suitable for the species. Thus, research that integrates the effect of climate on the different stages of the organism's development is essential to understand the impact of climate change on biodiversity.}, }
@article {pmid35294593, year = {2022}, author = {Roth, M and Herrmann, ME and Geerling, G and Guthoff, R}, title = {[Current and future effects of climate change on ophthalmology].}, journal = {Der Ophthalmologe : Zeitschrift der Deutschen Ophthalmologischen Gesellschaft}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, pmid = {35294593}, issn = {1433-0423}, abstract = {BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Climate change is also an increasingly important issue in the healthcare system. Due to its anatomical and physiological nature, the eye is directly exposed to environmental influences and changes in a special way.<br><br>METHODS: The current literature is used to illustrate the effects of climate-induced changes and the respective influences on the eye. A PubMed search (cut-off date 3 October 2021) using the search terms "climate change" or "planetary health" or "global health" and in each case "ophthalmology" or "eye" or "ocular" was used to determine the development of the number of publications between 2011 and 2021.<br><br>RESULTS: Measurable effects of climate change are already evident in a wide variety of ophthalmological fields. The significance of this topic, for instance, is reflected in a relatively constant increase in the number of publications and an almost tenfold increase in the number of publications per year from 2011 to 2021.<br><br>CONCLUSION: The impact of climate change on eye diseases and on the field of ophthalmology is multifaceted and could be expected to intensify in the coming years. Therefore, the interrelationships need to be further investigated in future studies, preferably on a large scale.}, }
@article {pmid35294570, year = {2022}, author = {von Hirschhausen, E and Lerch, MM}, title = {[Conversation on the impact of climate change on medicine and mankind].}, journal = {Der Internist}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1007/s00108-022-01299-8}, pmid = {35294570}, issn = {1432-1289}, }
@article {pmid35294173, year = {2022}, author = {Li, H and Yang, Y and Wang, H and Wang, P and Yue, X and Liao, H}, title = {Projected Aerosol Changes Driven by Emissions and Climate Change Using a Machine Learning Method.}, journal = {Environmental science &amp; technology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1021/acs.est.1c04380}, pmid = {35294173}, issn = {1520-5851}, abstract = {Projection of future aerosols and understanding the driver of the aerosol changes are of great importance in improving the atmospheric environment and climate change mitigation. The latest Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) provides various climate projections but limited aerosol output. In this study, future near-surface aerosol concentrations from 2015 to 2100 are predicted based on a machine learning method. The machine learning model is trained with global atmospheric chemistry model results and projects aerosols with CMIP6 multi-model simulations, creatively estimating future aerosols with all important species considered. PM2.5 (particulate matter less than 2.5 μm in diameter) concentrations in 2095 (2091-2100 mean) are projected to decrease by 40% in East Asia, 20-35% in South Asia, and 15-25% in Europe and North America, compared to those in 2020 (2015-2024 mean), under low-emission scenarios (SSP1-2.6 and SSP2-4.5), which are mainly due to the presumed emission reductions. Driven by the climate change alone, PM2.5 concentrations would increase by 10-25% in northern China and western U.S. and decrease by 0-25% in southern China, South Asia, and Europe under the high forcing scenario (SSP5-8.5). A warmer climate exerts a stronger modulation on global aerosols. Climate-driven global future aerosol changes are found to be comparable to those contributed by changes in anthropogenic emissions over many regions of the world in high forcing scenarios, highlighting the importance of climate change in regulating future air quality.}, }
@article {pmid35292703, year = {2022}, author = {Hart, EH and Christofides, SR and Davies, TE and Rees Stevens, P and Creevey, CJ and Müller, CT and Rogers, HJ and Kingston-Smith, AH}, title = {Forage grass growth under future climate change scenarios affects fermentation and ruminant efficiency.}, journal = {Scientific reports}, volume = {12}, number = {1}, pages = {4454}, pmid = {35292703}, issn = {2045-2322}, support = {BB/R019185/1/BB_/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom ; BB/R018464/1/BB_/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom ; }, abstract = {With an increasing human population access to ruminant products is an important factor in global food supply. While ruminants contribute to climate change, climate change could also affect ruminant production. Here we investigated how the plant response to climate change affects forage quality and subsequent rumen fermentation. Models of near future climate change (2050) predict increases in temperature, CO2, precipitation and altered weather systems which will produce stress responses in field crops. We hypothesised that pre-exposure to altered climate conditions causes compositional changes and also primes plant cells such that their post-ingestion metabolic response to the rumen is altered. This "stress memory" effect was investigated by screening ten forage grass varieties in five differing climate scenarios, including current climate (2020), future climate (2050), or future climate plus flooding, drought or heat shock. While varietal differences in fermentation were detected in terms of gas production, there was little effect of elevated temperature or CO2 compared with controls (2020). All varieties consistently showed decreased digestibility linked to decreased methane production as a result of drought or an acute flood treatment. These results indicate that efforts to breed future forage varieties should target tolerance of acute stress rather than long term climate.}, }
@article {pmid35290585, year = {2022}, author = {Abbas, S and Kousar, S and Khan, MS}, title = {The role of climate change in food security; empirical evidence over Punjab regions, Pakistan.}, journal = {Environmental science and pollution research international}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, pmid = {35290585}, issn = {1614-7499}, abstract = {Climate change is bringing drastic changes to the food availability, accessibility, quality, and stability in the world. Pakistan heavily relies on production of wheat for food security. This study investigates the role of climate change on food security over Punjab regions, Pakistan, from 1979-2020. The study utilized the total production of wheat to measure food security. Moreover, the study utilized mean, maximum, minimum temperature, wind speed, and rainfall as a measurement of climate change. This study utilized auto-regressive distributed lag (ARDL) bound test cointegration approach to test the long-run cointegration, while ARDL model is applied to investigate the short-run relationship among modeled variables. This study adopted Augmented Dicky Fuller (ADF) and Phillips Parron (PP) test to check the stationarity of the data. Moreover, the study ensures reliability and validity of the model by utilizing Breusch-Godfrey serial correlation, Breusch-Pagan-Godfry HSK, and Ramsey RESET test. This study found that wheat cultivated area (0.46*), total irrigated area (2.67***), total un-irrigated area (1.93***), and total area sown ([1.0809**) have a positive and significant long-run impact on food production in all regions of Punjab Pakistan. However, while average, the maximum and minimum temperature is negatively and significantly associated with food production in all regions of Punjab (- 1.07**; - 3.33***; - 1.84**), except northern Punjab, where maximum temperature affects positively food production Punjab. Rainfall negatively and significantly affects food production in northern (- 0.34**) and central and southern (- 0.13***) Punjab. Furthermore, wind speed negatively affects food production in all regions of Punjab (- 0.22**; - 0.21*; - 0.11**), except northern Punjab. This study implies that government should develop policies to increase irrigation facilities and loan facilities to increase the total area sown that will help to increase wheat yield and ensure food security. Moreover, the government should devise policies for large-scale plantations to minimize climate change impacts. The study also suggests new improved varieties of the wheat crop that can survive and flourish in the presence of adverse climatic changes, high temperature, and high wind speed.}, }
@article {pmid35288491, year = {2022}, author = {Yamasaki, L and Nomura, S}, title = {Global warming and the Summer Olympic and Paralympic games: a perspective from the Tokyo 2020 Games.}, journal = {Environmental health and preventive medicine}, volume = {27}, number = {0}, pages = {7}, doi = {10.1265/ehpm.21-00024}, pmid = {35288491}, issn = {1347-4715}, abstract = {The Tokyo 2020 Olympic and Paralympic Games provided a significant opportunity to consider global warming as an issue to be seriously addressed to run the safe and fair games in the era of climate change. As the global temperature continuously rises and extreme hot-weather events increase in frequency and intensity, the future summer Olympic and Paralympic games will need to deal with the heat by applying thorough and appropriate countermeasures. In the recent decades, many mitigation measures to protect athletes from heat have been rapidly discussed by the sports community, including countermeasures to hold games at times and places with moderate temperature and climatic risk assessments with Wet Bulb Globe Temperature (WBGT) during the games. However, the excessive heat conditions in the Tokyo 2020 Games affected not only athletes, but also all people concerned the events. While deliberate considerations by organizers had been given to mitigate extraordinary heat, the evaluations of these measures and epidemiological analyses of risk factors of patients must be further enhanced to develop efficient measures for the future. Therefore, we discussed the underlying climate-related problems of the summer Olympic and Paralympic Games in view of what we had experienced in the Tokyo 2020 Games. Facing with emerging global warming, future intervention against heat in the summer Olympic and Paralympic games will need to integrate systematic disease surveillance and evaluation of intervention with an effective combination with the approaches previously conducted. The Tokyo 2020 Games is a wake-up call to accelerate the public health measures towards the creeping global warming.}, }
@article {pmid35287240, year = {2022}, author = {Knoblauch, H}, title = {[The Allgäu Turns into the Sahelzone - Climate change-Related Symptoms in the Context of a Severe Depressive Episode with Psychotic Symptoms].}, journal = {Psychiatrische Praxis}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1055/a-1749-0989}, pmid = {35287240}, issn = {1439-0876}, abstract = {The climate crisis with its already obvious effects in many areas of life, e. g. heat waves, flood disasters, etc., is becoming increasingly important in its consequences for health, media presentation and public perception. Based on the fact that symptoms of mental illness are dependent on the interplay of socio-cultural and biographical factors in terms of their content, this casuistry describes the course of treatment of a 59-year-old man with a severe depressive episode and the delusional conviction that the landscape of the Allgäu will turn into a landscape like the Sahel due to the climate crisis.}, }
@article {pmid35286599, year = {2022}, author = {Al-Delaimy, AK}, title = {The Prospective Effects of Climate Change on Neglected Tropical Diseases in the Eastern Mediterranean Region: a Review.}, journal = {Current environmental health reports}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, pmid = {35286599}, issn = {2196-5412}, abstract = {An increase in the annual daily temperature is documented and predicted to occur in the coming decades. Climate change has a direct effect and adverse impact on human health, as well as on multiple ecosystems and their species. The purpose of this paper is to review the effect of climate change on neglected tropical diseases including leishmaniasis, schistosomiasis, and lymphatic filariasis in the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR). A list of engine web searches was done; 280 full-text records were assessed for eligibility. Only 48 original records were included within the final selection for the review study. Most research results show an alteration of neglected diseases related to climate change influencing specifically the Eastern Mediterranean Region, in addition to the expectation of more effects at the level of vectors and reservoir whether its vector transmission route or its egg hatching and replication or even the survival of adult worms in the coming years. At the same time, not all articles related to the region interpret the direct or indirect effect of climate variations on these specific diseases. Although few studies were found describing some of climate change effects on neglected tropical diseases in the region, still, the region lacks research funding, technical, and mathematical model expertise regarding the direct effect of climate change on the ecosystems of these neglected tropical diseases.}, }
@article {pmid35286459, year = {2022}, author = {Ahlstrand, NI and Primack, RB and Tøttrup, AP}, title = {Correction to: A comparison of herbarium and citizen science phenology datasets for detecting response of flowering time to climate change in Denmark.}, journal = {International journal of biometeorology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1007/s00484-022-02272-8}, pmid = {35286459}, issn = {1432-1254}, }
@article {pmid35284042, year = {2022}, author = {Zembe, A and Nemakonde, LD and Chipangura, P}, title = {Policy coherence between food security, disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation in South Africa: A summative content analysis approach.}, journal = {Jamba (Potchefstroom, South Africa)}, volume = {14}, number = {1}, pages = {1173}, doi = {10.4102/jamba.v14i1.1173}, pmid = {35284042}, issn = {1996-1421}, abstract = {Climate change through extreme weather events threatens food security (FS) and the eradication of poverty. Thus, improving FS will require adapting to the impacts of climate change as well as reducing the risks of disasters. However, the nexus between FS, disaster risk reduction (DRR) and climate change adaptation (CCA) is not always reflected in policies, resulting in fragmented implementation. The purpose of this article is to evaluate if there is coherence in the policies for FS, DRR and CCA in South Africa. A qualitative research design was applied, and data were collected through a summative content analysis on 34 policy and legislative documents and 24 key informant interviews (KII). The study found that there are still incoherencies between the current main policy and legislative documents that address CCA, DRR and FS. This study recommends a review of old policy and legislative frameworks promulgated in the 1990s to incorporate cross-cutting issues such as DRR, CCA and FS. This will enhance and strengthen synergies and interconnections between the three policy areas.}, }
@article {pmid35283127, year = {2022}, author = {Hanson, MC and Petch, GM and Ottosen, TB and Skjøth, CA}, title = {Climate change impact on land use and hydrology determines the atmospheric microbiome measured using high-throughput sequencing.}, journal = {The Science of the total environment}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {154491}, doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154491}, pmid = {35283127}, issn = {1879-1026}, abstract = {The atmospheric microbiome is one of the least studied microbiomes of our planet. One of the most abundant, diverse and impactful parts of this microbiome is arguably fungal spores. They can be very potent outdoor aeroallergens and pathogens, causing an enormous socio-economic burden on health services and annual damages to crops costing billions of Euros. We find through hypothesis testing that an expected warmer and drier climate has a dramatic impact on the atmospheric microbiome, conceivably through alteration of the hydrological cycle impacting agricultural systems, with significant differences in leaf wetness between years (p-value <0.05). The data were measured via high-throughput sequencing analysis using the DNA barcode marker, ITS2. This was complemented by remote sensing analysis of land cover and dry matter productivity based on the Sentinel satellites, on-site detection of atmospheric and vegetation variables, GIS analysis, harvesting analysis and footprint modelling on trajectory clusters using the atmospheric transport model HYSPLIT. We find the seasonal spore composition varies between rural and urban zones reflecting both human activities (e.g. harvest), type and status of the vegetation and the prevailing climate rather than mesoscale atmospheric transport. We find that crop harvesting governs the composition of the atmospheric microbiome through a clear distinction between harvest and post-harvest beta-diversity by PERMANOVA on Bray-Curtis dissimilarity (p-value <0.05). Land cover impacted significantly by two-way ANOVA (p-value <0.05), while there was minimal impact from air mass transport over the 3 years. The hypothesis suggests that the fungal spore composition will change dramatically due to climate change, an until now unforeseen effect affecting both food security, human health and the atmospheric hydrological cycle. Consequently the management of crop diseases and impact on human health through aeroallergen exposure need to consider the timing of crop treatments and land management, including post harvest, to minimize exposure of aeroallergens and pathogens.}, }
@article {pmid35283123, year = {2022}, author = {Peluso, LM and Mateus, L and Penha, J and Bailly, D and Cassemiro, F and Suárez, Y and Fantin-Cruz, I and Kashiwaqui, E and Lemes, P}, title = {Climate change negative effects on the Neotropical fishery resources may be exacerbated by hydroelectric dams.}, journal = {The Science of the total environment}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {154485}, doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154485}, pmid = {35283123}, issn = {1879-1026}, abstract = {Climate change is now recognized as a reality and along with human pressures such as river fragmentation by dams, amplifies the threats to freshwater ecosystems and their biodiversity. In the Brazilian portion of the Upper Paraguay River Basin (UPRB) that encompasses the Pantanal, one of the largest tropical wetlands in the world, in addition to the high biodiversity found there, fisheries are an important ecosystem service mostly supported by migratory fishes. We estimated the current range of migratory fish of commercial interest, also assessing the climate change effects predicted on the distribution patterns. Then, we assessed the effects of future climate on fish richness, and combining species ranges with routes blocked by artificial dams investigated possible impacts on fishery and food security in the UPRB. Climate change will induce range contraction between 47% and 100% for the species analyzed, and only four migratory fish may have suitable habitat until the end-of-century. The local richness will reduce about 85% in the basin. River fragmentation by dams acting together with climate change will prevent upstream shifts for most fish species. About 4% of present range and up to 45% of future range of migratory fish should be blocked by dams in UPRB. Consequently, this will also negatively affect fishery yield and food security in the future.}, }
@article {pmid35283121, year = {2022}, author = {Malerba, ME and Wright, N and Macreadie, PI}, title = {Australian farm dams are becoming less reliable water sources under climate change.}, journal = {The Science of the total environment}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {154360}, doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154360}, pmid = {35283121}, issn = {1879-1026}, abstract = {Worldwide food production is under ever-increasing demand. Meanwhile, climate change is disrupting rainfall and evaporation patterns, making agriculture freshwater supplies more uncertain. IPCC models predict an increased variability in rainfall and temperature over most of the globe under climate change. Yet, the effects of climate variability on water security remain poorly resolved. Here we used satellite images and deep-learning convolutional neural networks to analyse the impacts of annual averages, seasonality, climate anomaly, and temporal autocorrelation (or climate reddening) for rain and temperature on the water levels of >100,000 Australian farm dams across 55 years. We found that the risk of empty farm dams increased with warmer annual temperatures, lower yearly rainfall, stronger seasonality, reduced climate anomalies, and higher temporal autocorrelation. We used this information to develop a predictive model and estimate the likelihood of water limitations in farm dams between 1965 and 2050 using historical data and Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) at two climate change scenarios. Results showed that the frequency of empty water reserves has increased 2.5-fold since 1965 and will continue to increase across most (91%) of Australia. We estimated a 37% decline in rural areas with year-round water supplies between 1965 (457,076 km2) and 2050 (285,998 km2). Our continental-scale assessment documents complex temporal and spatial impacts of climate change on agricultural water security, with ramifications for society, economy, and the environment.}, }
@article {pmid35281122, year = {2022}, author = {Wang, A and Melton, AE and Soltis, DE and Soltis, PS}, title = {Potential distributional shifts in North America of allelopathic invasive plant species under climate change models.}, journal = {Plant diversity}, volume = {44}, number = {1}, pages = {11-19}, doi = {10.1016/j.pld.2021.06.010}, pmid = {35281122}, issn = {2468-2659}, abstract = {Predictive studies play a crucial role in the study of biological invasions of terrestrial plants under possible climate change scenarios. Invasive species are recognized for their ability to modify soil microbial communities and influence ecosystem dynamics. Here, we focused on six species of allelopathic flowering plants-Ailanthus altissima, Casuarina equisetifolia, Centaurea stoebe ssp. micranthos, Dioscorea bulbifera, Lantana camara, and Schinus terebinthifolia-that are invasive in North America and examined their potential to spread further during projected climate change. We used Species Distribution Models (SDMs) to predict future suitable areas for these species in North America under several proposed future climate models. ENMEval and Maxent were used to develop SDMs, estimate current distributions, and predict future areas of suitable climate for each species. Areas with the greatest predicted suitable climate in the future include the northeastern and the coastal northwestern regions of North America. Range size estimations demonstrate the possibility of extreme range loss for these invasives in the southeastern United States, while new areas may become suitable in the northeastern United States and southeastern Canada. These findings show an overall northward shift of suitable climate during the next few decades, given projected changes in temperature and precipitation. Our results can be utilized to analyze potential shifts in the distribution of these invasive species and may aid in the development of conservation and management plans to target and control dissemination in areas at higher risk for potential future invasion by these allelopathic species.}, }
@article {pmid35278561, year = {2022}, author = {Romaszko, J and Dragańska, E and Jalali, R and Cymes, I and Glińska-Lewczuk, K}, title = {Universal Climate Thermal Index as a prognostic tool in medical science in the context of climate change: A systematic review.}, journal = {The Science of the total environment}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {154492}, doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154492}, pmid = {35278561}, issn = {1879-1026}, abstract = {The assessment of the impact of meteorological factors on the epidemiology of various diseases and on human pathophysiology and physiology requires a comprehensive approach and new tools independent of currently occurring climate change. The thermal comfort index, i.e., Universal Climate Thermal Index (UTCI), is gaining more and more recognition from researchers interested in such assessments. This index facilitates the evaluation of the impact of cold stress and heat stress on the human organism and the assessment of the incidence of weather-related diseases. This work aims at identifying those areas of medical science for which the UTCI was applied for scientific research as well as its popularization among clinicians, epidemiologists, and specialists in public health management. This is a systematic review of literature found in Pubmed, Sciencedirect and Web of Science databases from which, consistent with PRISMA guidelines, original papers employing the UTCI in studies related to health, physiological parameters, and epidemiologic applications were extracted. Out of the total number of 367 papers identified in the databases, 33 original works were included in the analysis. The selected publications were analyzed in terms of determining the areas of medical science in which the UTCI was applied. The majority of studies were devoted to the broadly understood mortality, cardiac events, and emergency medicine. A significant disproportion between publications discussing heat stress and those utilizing the UTCI for its assessment was revealed.}, }
@article {pmid35278392, year = {2022}, author = {Hwong, AR and Wang, M and Khan, H and Chagwedera, DN and Grzenda, A and Doty, B and Benton, T and Alpert, J and Clarke, D and Compton, WM}, title = {Climate change and mental health research methods, gaps, and priorities: a scoping review.}, journal = {The Lancet. Planetary health}, volume = {6}, number = {3}, pages = {e281-e291}, doi = {10.1016/S2542-5196(22)00012-2}, pmid = {35278392}, issn = {2542-5196}, abstract = {Research on climate change and mental health is a new but rapidly growing field. To summarise key advances and gaps in the current state of climate change and mental health studies, we conducted a scoping review that comprehensively examined research methodologies using large-scale datasets. We identified 56 eligible articles published in Embase, PubMed, PsycInfo, and Web of Science between Jan 1, 2000, and Aug 9, 2020. The primary data collection method used was surveys, which focused on self-reported mental health effects due to acute and subacute climate events. Other approaches used administrative health records to study the effect of environmental temperature on hospital admissions for mental health conditions, and national vital statistics to assess the relationship between environmental temperature and suicide rates with regression analyses. Our work highlights the need to link population-based mental health outcome databases to weather data for causal inference. Collaborations between mental health providers and data scientists can guide the formation of clinically relevant research questions on climate change.}, }
@article {pmid35277746, year = {2022}, author = {Ramos, MC and Martínez de Toda, F}, title = {Influence of weather conditions and projected climate change scenarios on the suitability of Vitis vinifera cv. Carignan in Rioja DOCa, Spain.}, journal = {International journal of biometeorology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, pmid = {35277746}, issn = {1432-1254}, abstract = {Grape development and its quality are highly dependent on soil and weather conditions. Under the progressive warming, which can affect the suitability of typical varieties grown in a given area, the knowledge of the vine response to changes in climate is essential to stablish strategies to maintain the viticulture sector. This research presents an analysis of phenology and grape composition of the Carignan cultivar, during a 13-year period, at two locations in Rioja DOCa. Based on the results obtained and the projected changes in climate under climate change scenarios (RC4.5 and RCP8.5), the response of this cultivar was evaluated. Differences in the phenological dates of up to 18, 29 and 40 days, for flowering, veraison and harvest, respectively, were observed between the warmest and the coolest years. An advance of up to 5, 8 and 11 days, respectively, for the mentioned stages, is projected under the RCP4.5 scenario by 2050, which could be near 1.5*times higher under the RCP8.5 scenario. These advances will be mainly driven by the temperatures recorded in the previous period. Grape acidity was mainly driven by water availability, in particular during ripening, which imply a slight projected reduction due to precipitation changes but not significant effect due to increasing temperatures. The phenolic composition could be positively affected by increasing temperatures and increasing water deficits, since this variety does not always reach a complete maturity at present. Thus, under the projected warming scenarios, the suitability of Carignan in Rioja DOCa was confirmed.}, }
@article {pmid35277550, year = {2022}, author = {Romitti, Y and Sue Wing, I}, title = {Heterogeneous climate change impacts on electricity demand in world cities circa mid-century.}, journal = {Scientific reports}, volume = {12}, number = {1}, pages = {4280}, pmid = {35277550}, issn = {2045-2322}, support = {DE-SC0016162//U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Biological and Environmental Research Program/ ; DE-SC0016162//U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Biological and Environmental Research Program/ ; DGE 1735087//U.S. National Science Foundation/ ; }, abstract = {Rising ambient temperatures due to climate change will increase urban populations' exposures to extreme heat. During hot hours, a key protective adaptation is increased air conditioning and associated consumption of electricity for cooling. But during cold hours, milder temperatures have the offsetting effect of reducing consumption of electricity and other fuels for heating. We elucidate the net consequences of these opposing effects in 36 cities in different world regions. We couple reduced-form statistical models of cities' hourly responses of electric load to temperature with temporally downscaled projections of temperatures simulated by 21 global climate models (GCMs), projecting the effects of warming on the demand for electricity circa 2050. Cities' responses, temperature exposures and impacts are heterogeneous, with changes in total annual consumption ranging from [Formula: see text] to 5.7%, and peak power demand increasing by as much as 9.5% at the multi-GCM median. The largest increases are concentrated in more economically developed mid-latitude cities, with less developed urban areas in the tropics exhibiting relatively small changes. The results highlight the important role of the structure of electricity demand: large temperature increases in tropical cities are offset by their inelastic responses, which can be attributed to lower air-conditioning penetration.}, }
@article {pmid35276195, year = {2022}, author = {Pinsri, P and Shrestha, S and Saurav, KC and Mohanasundaram, S and Virdis, SGP and Nguyen, TPL and Chaowiwat, W}, title = {Assessing the future climate change, land use change, and abstraction impacts on groundwater resources in the Tak Special Economic Zone, Thailand.}, journal = {Environmental research}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {113026}, doi = {10.1016/j.envres.2022.113026}, pmid = {35276195}, issn = {1096-0953}, abstract = {Groundwater is an important source of water supply in the Tak Special Economic Zone of Thailand. However, groundwater is under stress from climate change, land use change, and an increase in abstraction, affecting the groundwater level and its sustainability. Therefore, this study analyses the impact of these combined stresses on groundwater resources in the near, mid, and far future. Three Global Climate Models are used to project the future climate under SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5 scenarios. According to the results, both maximum and minimum temperatures are likely to show similar increasing trends for both scenarios, with a rise of approximately 1 (1.5), 2 (3), and 3 (5) °C expected for SSP2-4.5 (SSP5-8.5) in each consecutive period. Annual rainfall is expected to continually increase in the future, with around 1500-1600 mm in rainfall (11ꟷ5.43% higher). Land use change is predicted for two scenarios: business as usual (BU) and rapid urbanisation (RU). The forest area is expected to increase to 30% (35%) coverage in 2090 for BU (RU) while agriculture is likely to reduce to 60% (50%) with the urban area increasing to 2.4% (7%). Water demand is predicted to increase in all future scenarios. The SWAT model is used to project recharge, which is likely to increase by 10-20% over time. The highest increase is predicted in the far future under SSP2 and RU scenarios. MODFLOW was used to project future groundwater resources, but due to the lack of consistent data, the time scale is reduced to yearly simulation. The results reveal that the groundwater level is expected to increase in the central part (urban area) of the study area and decrease along the boundary (agricultural area) of the aquifer. This research can aid policymakers and decision-makers in understanding the impact of multiple stressors and formulating adaptation strategies to manage groundwater resources in special economic zones.}, }
@article {pmid35276147, year = {2022}, author = {Mas, M and Flaquer, C and Puig-Montserrat, X and Porres, X and Rebelo, H and López-Baucells, A}, title = {Winter bat activity: The role of wetlands as food and drinking reservoirs under climate change.}, journal = {The Science of the total environment}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {154403}, doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154403}, pmid = {35276147}, issn = {1879-1026}, abstract = {Bat arousals during hibernation are related to rises in environmental temperature, body water loss and increasing body heat. Therefore, bats either hibernate in cold places or migrate to areas with mild winters to find water and insects to intake. During winter, insects are abundant in wetlands with mild climates when low temperatures hamper insect activity in other places. However, the role of wetlands to sustain winter bat activity has never been fully assessed. To further understand bat behaviour during hibernation, we evaluated how the weather influenced hibernating bats, assessed the temperature threshold that increased bat arousals, and discussed how winter temperatures could affect bat activity under future climate change scenarios. The effects of weather and landscape composition on winter bat activity were assessed by acoustically sampling four different habitats (wetlands, rice paddies, urban areas and salt marshes) in the Ebro Delta (Spain). Our results show one of the highest winter bat foraging activities ever reported, with significantly higher activity in wetlands and urban areas. Most importantly, we found a substantial increase in bat activity triggered when nocturnal temperatures reached ca. 11 °C. By contrasting historical weather datasets, we show that, since the 1940s, there has been an increase by ca. 1.5 °C in winter maximum temperatures and a 180% increase in the number of nights with mean temperatures above 11 °C in the Ebro Delta. Temperature trends suggest that in 60-80 years, winter months will reach average temperatures of 11 °C (except maybe in January), which suggest a potential coming interruption or disappearance of bat hibernation in coastal Mediterranean habitats. This study highlights the significant role of wetlands in bat conservation under a climate change scenario as these humid areas represent one of the few remaining winter foraging habitats.}, }
@article {pmid35274797, year = {2022}, author = {Parr, CL and Bishop, TR}, title = {The response of ants to climate change.}, journal = {Global change biology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1111/gcb.16140}, pmid = {35274797}, issn = {1365-2486}, abstract = {Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) are one of the most dominant terrestrial organisms worldwide. They are hugely abundant, both in terms of sheer numbers and biomass, on every continent except Antarctica and are deeply embedded within a diversity of ecological networks and processes. Ants are also eusocial and colonial organisms-their lifecycle is built on the labor of sterile worker ants who support a small number of reproductive individuals. Given the climatic changes that our planet faces, we need to understand how various important taxonomic groups will respond; this includes the ants. In this review, we synthesize the available literature to tackle this question. The answer is complicated. The ant literature has focused on temperature, and we broadly understand the ways in which thermal changes may affect ant colonies, populations, and communities. In general, we expect that species living in the Tropics, and in thermally variable microhabitats, such as the canopy and leaf litter environments, will be negatively impacted by rising temperatures. Species living in the temperate zones and those able to thermally buffer their nests in the soil or behaviorally avoid higher temperatures, however, are likely to be unaffected or may even benefit from a changed climate. How ants will respond to changes to other abiotic drivers associated with climate change is largely unknown, as is the detail on how altered ant populations and communities will ramify through their wider ecological networks. We discuss how eusociality may allow ants to adapt to, or tolerate, climate change in ways that solitary organisms cannot and we identify key geographic and phylogenetic hotspots of climate vulnerability and resistance. We finish by emphasizing the key research questions that we need to address moving forward so that we may fully appreciate how this critical insect group will respond to the ongoing climate crisis.}, }
@article {pmid35274416, year = {2022}, author = {Haughan, AE and Pettorelli, N and Potts, SG and Senapathi, D}, title = {Determining the role of climate change in India's past forest loss.}, journal = {Global change biology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1111/gcb.16161}, pmid = {35274416}, issn = {1365-2486}, abstract = {Tropical forests in India have declined at an alarming rate over the past century, with extensive literature focusing on the high contributions of agricultural expansions to deforestation, while the effects of climate change have largely been overlooked. Climate change effects, such as increasing temperatures, drought and flooding have already occurred, and are projected to worsen. Climate velocity, a metric that accounts for spatial heterogeneity in climate, can help identify contiguous areas under greater climate stress and potential climate refuges in addition to traditional temporal trends. Here, we examined the relative contribution of climate changes to forest loss in India during the period 2001-2018, at two spatial (regional and national) and two temporal (seasonal and annual) scales. This includes, for the first time, a characterisation of climate velocity in the country. Our findings show that annual forest loss increased substantially over the 17 year period examined (2001-2018), with the majority of forest loss occurring in the Northeast region. Decreases in temporal trends of temperature and precipitation were most associated with forest losses but there was large spatial and seasonal variation in the relationship. In every region except the Northeast, forest losses were correlated with faster velocities of at least one climate variable but overlapping areas of high velocities were rare. Our findings indicate that climate changes have played an important role in India's past forest loss, but likely remain secondary to other factors at present. We stress concern for climates velocities recorded in the country, reaching 97km yr-1 , and highlight that understanding the different regional and seasonal relationships between climatic conditions and forest distributions will be key to effective protection of the country's remaining forests as climate change accelerates.}, }
@article {pmid35274205, year = {2022}, author = {Romshoo, SA and Murtaza, KO and Shah, W and Ramzan, T and Ameen, U and Bhat, MH}, title = {Anthropogenic climate change drives melting of glaciers in the Himalaya.}, journal = {Environmental science and pollution research international}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1007/s11356-022-19524-0}, pmid = {35274205}, issn = {1614-7499}, abstract = {The Himalayan glaciers provide water to a large population in south Asia for a variety of purposes and ecosystem services. As a result, regional monitoring of glacier melting and identification of the drivers are important for understanding and predicting future cryospheric melting trends. Using multi-date satellite images from 2000 to 2020, we investigated the shrinkage, snout retreat, thickness changes, mass loss and velocity changes of 77 glaciers in the Drass basin, western Himalaya, India. During this period, the total glacier cover has shrunk by 5.31 ± 0.33 km2. The snout retreat ranged from 30 to 430 m (mean 155 ± 9.58 m). Debris cover had a significant impact on glacier melting, with clean glaciers losing ~ 5% more than debris-covered glaciers (~ 2%). The average thickness change and mass loss of glacier have been - 1.27 ± 0.37 and - 1.08 ± 0.31 m w.e.a-1, respectively. Because of the continuous melting and the consequent mass loss, average glacier velocity has reduced from 21.35 ± 3.3 m a-1 in 2000 to 16.68 ± 1.9 m a-1 by 2020. During the observation period, the concentration of greenhouse gases (GHGs), black carbon (BC) and other pollutants from vehicular traffic near the glaciers increased significantly. Increasing temperatures, caused by a significant increase in GHGs, black carbon and other pollutants in the atmosphere, are driving glacier melting in the study area. If the current trend continues in the future, the Himalayan glaciers may disappear entirely, having a significant impact on regional water supplies, hydrological processes, ecosystem services and transboundary water sharing.}, }
@article {pmid35274161, year = {2022}, author = {Shen, W and Shen, Z and Xue, S and Zhou, D}, title = {Population dynamics under climate change: persistence criterion and effects of fluctuations.}, journal = {Journal of mathematical biology}, volume = {84}, number = {4}, pages = {30}, pmid = {35274161}, issn = {1432-1416}, support = {RGPIN-2018-04371//Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada/ ; DGECR-2018-00353//Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada/ ; No.11971232//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 12071217//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 11771414//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; }, abstract = {The present paper is devoted to the investigation of population dynamics under climate change. The evolution of species is modelled by a reaction-diffusion equation in a spatio-temporally heterogeneous environment described by a climate envelope that shifts with a time-dependent speed function. For a general almost-periodic speed function, we establish the persistence criterion in terms of the sign of the approximate top Lyapunov exponent and, in the case of persistence, prove the existence of a unique forced wave solution that dominates the population profile of species in the long run. In the setting for studying the effects of fluctuations in the shifting speed or location of the climate envelope, we show by means of matched asymptotic expansions and numerical simulations that the approximate top Lyapunov exponent is a decreasing function with respect to the amplitude of fluctuations, yielding that fluctuations in the shifting speed or location have negative impacts on the persistence of species, and moreover, the larger the fluctuation is, the more adverse the effect is on the species. In addition, we assert that large fluctuations can always drive a species to extinction. Our numerical results also show that a persistent species under climate change is invulnerable to mild fluctuations, and becomes vulnerable when fluctuations are so large that the species is endangered. Finally, we show that fluctuations of amplitude less than or equal to the speed difference between the shifting speed and the critical speed are too weak to endanger a persistent species.}, }
@article {pmid35273334, year = {2022}, author = {Martinez Del Castillo, E and Zang, CS and Buras, A and Hacket-Pain, A and Esper, J and Serrano-Notivoli, R and Hartl, C and Weigel, R and Klesse, S and Resco de Dios, V and Scharnweber, T and Dorado-Liñán, I and van der Maaten-Theunissen, M and van der Maaten, E and Jump, A and Mikac, S and Banzragch, BE and Beck, W and Cavin, L and Claessens, H and Čada, V and Čufar, K and Dulamsuren, C and Gričar, J and Gil-Pelegrín, E and Janda, P and Kazimirovic, M and Kreyling, J and Latte, N and Leuschner, C and Longares, LA and Menzel, A and Merela, M and Motta, R and Muffler, L and Nola, P and Petritan, AM and Petritan, IC and Prislan, P and Rubio-Cuadrado, Á and Rydval, M and Stajić, B and Svoboda, M and Toromani, E and Trotsiuk, V and Wilmking, M and Zlatanov, T and de Luis, M}, title = {Climate-change-driven growth decline of European beech forests.}, journal = {Communications biology}, volume = {5}, number = {1}, pages = {163}, pmid = {35273334}, issn = {2399-3642}, support = {//Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung (Alexander von Humboldt Foundation)/ ; }, abstract = {The growth of past, present, and future forests was, is and will be affected by climate variability. This multifaceted relationship has been assessed in several regional studies, but spatially resolved, large-scale analyses are largely missing so far. Here we estimate recent changes in growth of 5800 beech trees (Fagus sylvatica L.) from 324 sites, representing the full geographic and climatic range of species. Future growth trends were predicted considering state-of-the-art climate scenarios. The validated models indicate growth declines across large region of the distribution in recent decades, and project severe future growth declines ranging from -20% to more than -50% by 2090, depending on the region and climate change scenario (i.e. CMIP6 SSP1-2.6 and SSP5-8.5). Forecasted forest productivity losses are most striking towards the southern distribution limit of Fagus sylvatica, in regions where persisting atmospheric high-pressure systems are expected to increase drought severity. The projected 21st century growth changes across Europe indicate serious ecological and economic consequences that require immediate forest adaptation.}, }
@article {pmid35271335, year = {2022}, author = {Le Quéré, C and Mayot, N}, title = {Climate change and biospheric output.}, journal = {Science (New York, N.Y.)}, volume = {375}, number = {6585}, pages = {1091-1092}, doi = {10.1126/science.abo1262}, pmid = {35271335}, issn = {1095-9203}, abstract = {Large changes in global ecosystem productivity are set in motion by carbon dioxide rise.}, }
@article {pmid35270788, year = {2022}, author = {Kondrashin, AV and Morozova, LF and Stepanova, EV and Turbabina, NA and Maksimova, MS and Morozov, AE and Anikina, AS and Morozov, EN}, title = {Global Climate Change and Human Dirofilariasis in Russia.}, journal = {International journal of environmental research and public health}, volume = {19}, number = {5}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3390/ijerph19053096}, pmid = {35270788}, issn = {1660-4601}, abstract = {Human dirofilariasis is a vector-borne helminth disease caused by two species of Dirofilaria: D. repens and D. immitis. The vectors of the helminth are mosquitoes in the family Culicidae. The definitive hosts of Dirofilaria are dogs and, to a lesser extent, cats. Humans are accidental hosts. Dirofilariasis has been reported in the territory of Russia since 1915. Sporadic cases of the disease have been reported occasionally, but the number of cases showed a distinct increasing trend in the late 1980s-early 1990s, when the number of cases reached several hundred in the southern territories of Russia, with geographic coordinates of 43° N-45° N. A comparison of the timing of the global trend of climate warming during the 1990s with the temporal pattern of the incidence of dirofilariasis in the territory of Russia indicated a close association between the two phenomena. At present, the northern range of Dirofilaria includes latitudes higher than 58° in both the European and Asian parts of the country. The phenomenon of climate warming in the territory of Russia has shaped the contemporary epidemiology of the disease. The emerging public health problem of dirofilariasis in Russia warrants the establishment of a comprehensive epidemiological monitoring system.}, }
@article {pmid35270593, year = {2022}, author = {Sharpe, I and Davison, CM}, title = {A Scoping Review of Climate Change, Climate-Related Disasters, and Mental Disorders among Children in Low- and Middle-Income Countries.}, journal = {International journal of environmental research and public health}, volume = {19}, number = {5}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3390/ijerph19052896}, pmid = {35270593}, issn = {1660-4601}, support = {435-2019-1083//Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council/ ; PJT-162463 and PJT-165971//Canadian Institutes for Health Research/ ; }, abstract = {Children, particularly those living in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), are highly vulnerable to climate change and its impacts. Our main objective was to conduct a scoping literature review to determine how exposure to climate change and climate-related disasters influences the presence of mental disorders among children in LMICs. We also aimed to identify gaps in this area of scholarship. We included studies of children in LMICs that had a climate change or climate-related disaster exposure and mental disorder outcome. Twenty-three studies were included in the final synthesis. Fourteen studies were conducted in China, three in India, two each in Pakistan and the Philippines, and one each in Namibia and Dominica. All studies assessed the association between a climate-related disaster exposure and a mental disorder outcome, while none explored broader climate change-related exposures. Post-traumatic stress disorder (n = 21 studies) and depression (n = 8 studies) were the most common mental disorder outcomes. There was considerable between-study heterogeneity in terms of sample size, follow-up length, and outcome measurement. Overall, the literature in this area was sparse. Additional high-quality research is required to better understand the impacts of climate-related disasters and climate change on mental disorders within this population to ultimately inform future policies and interventions.}, }
@article {pmid35270140, year = {2022}, author = {Chen, K and Wang, B and Chen, C and Zhou, G}, title = {MaxEnt Modeling to Predict the Current and Future Distribution of Pomatosace filicula under Climate Change Scenarios on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.}, journal = {Plants (Basel, Switzerland)}, volume = {11}, number = {5}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3390/plants11050670}, pmid = {35270140}, issn = {2223-7747}, support = {2019YFC0507404//the National Key Research and Development Program pf China/ ; }, abstract = {As an important Tibetan medicine and a secondary protected plant in China, Pomatosace filicula is endemic to the country and is mainly distributed in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP). However, global climate change caused by greenhouse gas emissions might lead to the extinction of P. filicula. To understand the potential spatial distribution of P. filicula in future global warming scenarios, we used the MaxEnt model to simulate changes in its suitable habitat that would occur by 2050 and 2070 using four representative concentration pathway (RCP) scenarios and five global climate models. The results showed that the QTP currently contains a suitable habitat for P. filicula and will continue to do so in the future. Under the RCP2.6 scenario, the suitable habitat area would increase by 2050 but shrink slightly by 2070, with an average reduction of 2.7%. However, under the RCP8.5 scenario, the area of unsuitable habitat would expand by an average of 54.65% and 68.20% by 2050 and 2070, respectively. The changes in the area of suitable habitat under the RCP4.5 and RCP6.0 scenarios were similar, with the unsuitable area increasing by approximately 20% by 2050 and 2070. Under these two moderate RCPs, the total suitable area in 2070 would be greater than that in 2050. The top three environmental factors impacting the habitat distribution were altitude, annual precipitation (BIO12) and annual temperature range (BIO7). The cumulative contribution rate of these three factors was as high as 82.8%, indicating that they were the key factors affecting the distribution and adaptability of P. filicula, P. filicula grows well in damp and cold environments. Due to global warming, the QTP will become warmer and drier; thus, the growing area of P. filicula will move toward higher elevations and areas that are humid and cold. These areas are mainly found near the Three-River Region. Future climate change will aggravate the deterioration of the P. filicula habitat and increase the species' survival risk. This study describes the distribution of P. filicula and provides a basis for the protection of endangered plants in the QTP.}, }
@article {pmid35268169, year = {2022}, author = {Ings, K and Denk, D}, title = {Avian Malaria in Penguins: Diagnostics and Future Direction in the Context of Climate Change.}, journal = {Animals : an open access journal from MDPI}, volume = {12}, number = {5}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3390/ani12050600}, pmid = {35268169}, issn = {2076-2615}, support = {45973-19//University of Glasgow Vet Fund Small Grant Scheme/ ; }, abstract = {Avian malaria is caused by infection with haemoprotozoa of the genus Plasmodium. Infection is endemic in large parts of the world and is typically subclinical in birds that are native to these regions. Several penguin species have evolved in non-endemic regions without the selective pressure that these parasites exert and are highly susceptible to infection when transplanted to endemic regions, for example, in the context of zoological collections or rehabilitation centers. Avian malaria in penguins typically causes acute mortality without premonitory signs, or less commonly, nonspecific signs of morbidity, followed by mortality. Additionally, infection is reported in wild penguins, though the significance of these infections remains equivocal. As global temperatures continue to increase, avian malaria is likely to pose a continued and further threat to conservation efforts in captive environments. Intra vitam diagnosis currently relies on the evaluation of blood smears and molecular methods. The former is unreliable in penguins, as the acute clinical course typically does not allow the development of parasitemia. This absence of parasitemia also makes speciation challenging. Current molecular methods typically target the Cytochrome B or 18s subunit and have proven variably sensitive and specific. Reliable intra vitam diagnosis of avian malaria and further information about the causative agents at a species level would be very valuable in understanding the epidemiology and likely future course of avian malaria infection in penguins, and in particular, the implications avian malaria may have for conservation efforts. This paper provides an overview of malaria in penguins, discusses its changing impact on management and conservation, offers a summary of current diagnostics, and suggests future direction for the development of diagnostic tests. The latter will be key in understanding and managing this disease.}, }
@article {pmid35267745, year = {2022}, author = {Barrientos-Sanhueza, C and Cargnino-Cisternas, D and Díaz-Barrera, A and Cuneo, IF}, title = {Bacterial Alginate-Based Hydrogel Reduces Hydro-Mechanical Soil-Related Problems in Agriculture Facing Climate Change.}, journal = {Polymers}, volume = {14}, number = {5}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3390/polym14050922}, pmid = {35267745}, issn = {2073-4360}, support = {11180102//Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo/ ; 039.426/2020//VRIEA-PUCV/ ; }, abstract = {Agricultural systems are facing the negative impacts of erosion and water scarcity, directly impacting the hydro-mechanical behavior of soil aggregation. Several technologies have been proposed to reduce hydro-mechanical soil-related problems in agriculture. Biopolymer-based hydrogels have been reported to be a great tool to tackle these problems in soils. In this study, we investigated the hydro-mechanical behavior of different soils media treated with Ca-bacterial alginate hydrogel. We used an unconfined uniaxial compression test, aggregate stability test and hydraulic conductivity measurements to investigate the mechanical and hydraulic behavior of treated soils media. Our results from unconfined uniaxial compression test showed that yield stress (i.e., strength) increased in treated soils with higher kaolinite and water content (i.e., HCM3), compared with untreated coarse quartz sand (i.e., CM1). Furthermore, we found that temperature is an important factor in the gelation capacity of our hydrogel. At room temperature, HCM3 displayed the higher aggregate stability, almost 5.5-fold compared with treated coarse quartz sand (HCM1), while this differential response was not sustained at warm temperature. In general, the addition of different quantities of kaolinite decreased the saturated hydraulic conductivity for all treatments. Finally, bright field microscopy imaging represents the soil media matrix between sand and clay particles with Ca-bacterial alginate hydrogel that modify the hydro-mechanical behavior of different soils media. The results of this study could be helpful for the soil-related problems in agriculture facing the negative effects of climate change.}, }
@article {pmid35267174, year = {2022}, author = {Stone, K and Blinn, N and Spencer, R}, title = {Mental Health Impacts of Climate Change on Women: a Scoping Review.}, journal = {Current environmental health reports}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, pmid = {35267174}, issn = {2196-5412}, abstract = {Climate change is the largest threat to human health of the twenty-first century. Women are disproportionately affected by climate change. While the physical health impacts of climate change are an active area of research, works related to the mental health impacts are less developed. Furthermore, the mental health impacts of climate change on women are a particular area of interest due to women's disproportionately negative experiences with climate change and climate change-related events. Therefore, the purpose of this scoping review is to understand what is known from the existing literature regarding the mental health impacts of climate change on women. The methods for this review follow the Arksey and O'Malley framework for a scoping review. By searching databases for publications that discuss women, mental health, and climate change, and screening for relevant work, 20 studies that met inclusion criteria were included in the review. Themes derived from the reviewed studies include negative mental health outcomes, gender-based violence, burdens of care and responsibility, attachment to land and traditions, and the importance of intersectionality. From these findings, there is a clear need for climate policies on adaptation and mitigation to reflect women's unique needs to ensure their health and safety.}, }
@article {pmid35266412, year = {2022}, author = {Argent, G}, title = {Human-Animal Relationships and Welfare in the Anthropocene: Pandemics, Climate Change, and Other Disasters.}, journal = {Journal of applied animal welfare science : JAAWS}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {1-4}, doi = {10.1080/10888705.2022.2042299}, pmid = {35266412}, issn = {1532-7604}, abstract = {This introduction to the Special Issue "Human-Animal Relationships and Welfare in the Anthropocene: Pandemics, Climate Change, and Other Disasters" provides the reasons for creating the Special Issue, its aims and scope, background on the subject area, and an introduction to the papers within it. I also offer suggestions for future research aimed at including in animal welfare studies the consideration of the actual and potential effects of the climate crisis and other environmental concerns on animal welfare.}, }
@article {pmid35266045, year = {2022}, author = {Darbyshire, RO and Johnson, SB and Anwar, MR and Ataollahi, F and Burch, D and Champion, C and Coleman, MA and Lawson, J and McDonald, SE and Miller, M and Mo, J and Timms, M and Sun, D and Wang, B and Pardoe, J}, title = {Climate change and Australia's primary industries: factors hampering an effective and coordinated response.}, journal = {International journal of biometeorology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, pmid = {35266045}, issn = {1432-1254}, abstract = {Australia's primary production sector operates in one of the world's most variable climates with future climate change posing a challenge to its ongoing sustainability. Recognising this, Australia has invested in understanding climate change risks to primary production with a substantial amount of research produced. Recently, focus on this research space has broadened, with interests from the financial sector and expanded scopes of works from government and industry. These expanded needs require sector- and country-wide assessments to assist with the implementation of climate strategies. We considered the applicability of the current research body for these needs by reviewing 188 peer-reviewed studies that considered the quantitative Powered by Editorial Manager® and ProduXion Manager® from Aries Systems Corporation impacts of climate change on Australia's primary industries. Our broad review includes cropping, livestock, horticulture, forestry and fisheries and biosecurity threats. This is the first such review for Australia, and no other similar country-wide review was found. We reviewed the studies through three lenses, industry diversity, geographic coverage and study comparability. Our results show that all three areas are lacking for sector- and country-wide assessments. Industry diversity was skewed towards cropping and biosecurity threats (64% of all studies) with wheat in particular a major focus (25% of all studies). Geographic coverage at a state level appeared to be evenly distributed across the country; however, when considered in conjunction with industry focus, gaps emerged. Study comparability was found to be very limited due to the use of different historical baseline periods and different impact models. We make several recommendations to assist with future research directions, being (1) co-development of a standard set of method guidelines for impact assessments, (2) filling industry and geographic knowledge gaps, and (3) improving transparency in study method descriptions. Uptake of these recommendations will improve study application and transparency enabling and enhancing responses to climate change in Australia's primary industries.}, }
@article {pmid35265337, year = {2022}, author = {Sun, Y and Zhang, X and Ding, Y and Chen, D and Qin, D and Zhai, P}, title = {Understanding human influence on climate change in China.}, journal = {National science review}, volume = {9}, number = {3}, pages = {nwab113}, doi = {10.1093/nsr/nwab113}, pmid = {35265337}, issn = {2053-714X}, abstract = {China's climate has been warming since the 1950s, with surface air temperature increasing at a rate higher than the global average. Changes in climate have exerted substantial impacts on water resources, agriculture, ecosystems and human health. Attributing past changes to causes provides a scientific foundation for national and international climate policies. Here, we review recent progress in attributing the observed climate changes over past decades in China. Anthropogenic forcings, dominated by greenhouse gas emissions, are the main drivers for observed increases in mean and extreme temperatures. Evidence of the effect of anthropogenic forcings on precipitation is emerging. Human influence has increased the probability of extreme heat events, and has likely changed the occurrence probabilities for some heavy precipitation events. The way a specific attribution question is posed and the conditions under which the question is addressed present persistent challenges for appropriately communicating attribution results to non-specialists.}, }
@article {pmid35264715, year = {2022}, author = {Moradmand, M and Yousefi, M}, title = {Ecological niche modelling and climate change in two species groups of huntsman spider genus Eusparassus in the Western Palearctic.}, journal = {Scientific reports}, volume = {12}, number = {1}, pages = {4138}, pmid = {35264715}, issn = {2045-2322}, abstract = {The huntsman spiders' genus Eusparassus are apex arthropod predators in desert ecosystems of the Afrotropical and Palearctic ecoregions. The Eusparassus dufouri and E. walckenaeri clades are two distinct taxonomic, phylogenetic, and geographic units concerning morphology, molecular phylogeny, and spatial data; but little is known about their ecological niche. We applied the maximum-entropy approach and modelled ecologic niches of these two phylogenetically closely related clades. Ecological niches of the two clades were compared using identity and background tests and two different metrics, the Schooner's D and Warren's I. We also predicted the impacts of climate change on the distribution of the two clades. The results of the identity test showed that the ecological niches of the two clades were different in geographic space but were similar in environmental space. While results of the background test revealed that the ecological niches of the two clades were similar in geographic and environmental space. This indicated that "niche conservatism" had an important role over the evolutionary time of allopatric diversification. However, the normalized difference vegetation index vs. topographic heterogeneity had influenced the niches of the dufouri and walckenaeri clades, respectively. The analyses recovered that the two clades' climatically suitable habitats will increase under future climate (the year 2070). However, since the two clades are characterized by the narrow range of environmental optimum and the accordingly high limits of tolerance, they are vulnerable to climate change.}, }
@article {pmid35264569, year = {2022}, author = {Wunsch, A and Liesch, T and Broda, S}, title = {Deep learning shows declining groundwater levels in Germany until 2100 due to climate change.}, journal = {Nature communications}, volume = {13}, number = {1}, pages = {1221}, pmid = {35264569}, issn = {2041-1723}, abstract = {In this study we investigate how climate change will directly influence the groundwater resources in Germany during the 21st century. We apply a machine learning groundwater level prediction approach based on convolutional neural networks to 118 sites well distributed over Germany to assess the groundwater level development under different RCP scenarios (2.6, 4.5, 8.5). We consider only direct meteorological inputs, while highly uncertain anthropogenic factors such as groundwater extractions are excluded. While less pronounced and fewer significant trends can be found under RCP2.6 and RCP4.5, we detect significantly declining trends of groundwater levels for most of the sites under RCP8.5, revealing a spatial pattern of stronger decreases, especially in the northern and eastern part of Germany, emphasizing already existing decreasing trends in these regions. We can further show an increased variability and longer periods of low groundwater levels during the annual cycle towards the end of the century.}, }
@article {pmid35262801, year = {2022}, author = {Jinger, D and Kumar, R and Kakade, V and Dinesh, D and Singh, G and Pande, VC and Bhatnagar, PR and Rao, BK and Vishwakarma, AK and Kumar, D and Singhal, V}, title = {Agroforestry for controlling soil erosion and enhancing system productivity in ravine lands of Western India under climate change scenario.}, journal = {Environmental monitoring and assessment}, volume = {194}, number = {4}, pages = {267}, pmid = {35262801}, issn = {1573-2959}, abstract = {Soil erosion in semi-arid climate leading to the development of ravine lands is the most severe form of land degradation. Ravine lands are formed when soil is not fully covered by the vegetation throughout the year and sporadic vegetation is not able to bind the soil particles from being washed away by rainfall. Throughout the globe, ravine lands have severe limitations for their rehabilitation and sustainable utilization as a consequence of its unique topographical features. Climatic and edaphic stresses make crop production extremely challenging in these lands. Practicing sole cropping promotes erosion, produces low crop yield, utilizes high energy, and emits greenhouse gasses (GHGs). Tree cultivation either sole or in combination with crops (agroforestry) has a strong potential to control erosion, produce sustainable economic yield, reduce energy consumption, and sequester greater amount of atmospheric carbon dioxide in biomass and soil carbon pools besides providing various ecosystem services. Therefore, practicing agroforestry could be a promising approach to obtain the greater environmental and economic benefits in the ravine lands. The present study was conducted on three systems, i.e., sole crop cultivation (cowpea + castor), agroforestry (sapota + cowpea + castor), and sole sapota plantation, to evaluate their impact on soil erosion, runoff, system productivity, profitability, energetics, and carbon sequestration during the 4-year period (2017-2020). The results revealed that agroforestry reduced the total soil loss and runoff by 37.7% and 19.1%, respectively, compared to the sole crop cultivation. Likewise, the highest system productivity as cowpea equivalent yield (CEY) was obtained under agroforestry system that increased the CEY by 162% and 81.9%, compared to sole crop and sole tree plantation, respectively. The climate change mitigation potential in terms of net carbon balance was observed highest in sole tree plantation (8.4 t/ha) followed by agroforestry system (5.9 t/ha) and lowest in sole cropping system (-2.8 t/ha). Therefore, an agroforestry system could be recommended for controlling soil erosion, improving system productivity and profitability, and reducing energy consumption as well as mitigating climate change in ravine lands.}, }
@article {pmid35261489, year = {2022}, author = {Beranek, CT and Sanders, S and Clulow, J and Mahony, M}, title = {Factors influencing persistence of a threatened amphibian in restored wetlands despite severe population decline during climate change driven weather extremes.}, journal = {Biodiversity and conservation}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {1-21}, pmid = {35261489}, issn = {0960-3115}, abstract = {Biodiversity is in global decline during the Anthropocene. Declines have been caused by multiple factors, such as habitat removal, invasive species, and disease, which are often targets for conservation management. However, conservation interventions are under threat from climate change induced weather extremes. Weather extremes are becoming more frequent and devastating and an example of this was the 2019/2020 Australian drought and mega-fires. We provide a case study the impacts of these extreme weather events had on a population of the threatened frog Litoria aurea that occurs in a constructed habitat which was designed to reduce the impact of introduced fish and chytrid-induced disease. We aimed to determine what factors influenced persistence so that the design of wetlands can be further optimised to future-proof threatened amphibians. We achieved this with 4 years (2016-2020) of intensive capture-recapture surveys during austral spring and summer across nine wetlands (n = 94 repeat surveys). As hypothesized, drought caused a sharp reduction in population size, but persistence was achieved. The most parsimonious predictor of survival was an interaction between maximum air temperature and rainfall, indicating that weather extremes likely caused the decline. Survival was positively correlated with wetland vegetation coverage, positing this is an important feature to target to enhance resilience in wetland restoration programs. Additionally, the benefits obtained from measures to reduce chytrid prevalence were not compromised during drought, as there was a positive correlation between salinity and survival. We emphasize that many species may not be able to persist under worse extreme weather scenarios. Despite the potential for habitat augmentation to buffer effects of extreme weather, global action on climate change is needed to reduce extinction risk.<br><br>Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10531-022-02387-9.}, }
@article {pmid35261483, year = {2022}, author = {Nation, MT and Feldman, A}, title = {Climate Change and Political Controversy in the Science Classroom: How Teachers' Beliefs Influence Instruction.}, journal = {Science &amp; education}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {1-17}, pmid = {35261483}, issn = {0926-7220}, abstract = {Climate change science is complex and perceived to be controversial in nature by some stakeholders. Yet from the perspective of educators and policy makers, climate change science is an important topic to be taught in secondary science education. The presence of controversy can influence teachers' instructional decisions and cause confusion about the science of climate change. This study examines the complex nature between science teacher beliefs and the impact on their instructional practices of climate change-centered curriculum. Findings from the study suggest teachers have strong beliefs about the causes and implications of climate change. However, due to the controversial nature of the topic, the current US political climate, and fear of resistance from stakeholders, teachers did not espouse these beliefs within their instruction of the curriculum and instead remained "neutral" when teaching about climate change.<br><br>Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11191-022-00330-6.}, }
@article {pmid35260915, year = {2022}, author = {Abubakar, A and Ishak, MY and Makmom, AA}, title = {Nexus between climate change and oil palm production in Malaysia: a review.}, journal = {Environmental monitoring and assessment}, volume = {194}, number = {4}, pages = {262}, doi = {10.1007/s10661-022-09915-8}, pmid = {35260915}, issn = {1573-2959}, support = {TETF/ES/UNIV/JIGAWA STATE/TSAS/2019//Tertiary Education Trust Fund/ ; }, mesh = {*Arecaceae ; *Climate Change ; Environmental Monitoring ; Malaysia ; Palm Oil ; }, abstract = {Climate change is believed to be caused by natural processes such as volcanic eruptions, which release ash into the atmosphere, and anthropogenic activities that increase the concentration of greenhouse gases (GHGs) in the atmosphere, such as carbon dioxide (CO2), which trap energy and cause intense warming. This article conducts a comprehensive review of existing literature relating to climate change and its impact on oil palm production in Malaysia. To enable analysis, articles were arranged, sorted, and categorized into various themes and associations based on the title of the article, abstract, and later the content. The findings reveal that climate change causes variability in the intensity and duration of rainfall, which ultimately affects the production of oil palm fresh fruit bunches (FFB) and the quality of crude palm oil (CPO). The decline in FFB increased the price of crude palm oil. The impacts of climate change on oil palm vary and are felt differently in different regions. Climate change increases the vulnerability and exposure of oil palms to various diseases, exposes them to water stress, and disrupts metabolic activities. The surface temperature in Malaysia is anticipated to rise by 1.5 to 2 °C, worsening the adaptation plans. Oil palm growers explore possible ways to adapt to and withstand the impacts of climate change by adopting the use of an improved variety of oil palm seedlings, soil management and fertility preservation, silt pit, mulching, intercropping, livelihood diversification, buying insurance, and best water conservation practices.}, }
@article {pmid35260727, year = {2022}, author = {Kamali, B and Lorite, IJ and Webber, HA and Rezaei, EE and Gabaldon-Leal, C and Nendel, C and Siebert, S and Ramirez-Cuesta, JM and Ewert, F and Ojeda, JJ}, title = {Uncertainty in climate change impact studies for irrigated maize cropping systems in southern Spain.}, journal = {Scientific reports}, volume = {12}, number = {1}, pages = {4049}, pmid = {35260727}, issn = {2045-2322}, support = {PR.AVA2018.051//e German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD) through the Australia-Germany Joint Research Co-operation Scheme/ ; PR.AVA2018.051//e German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD) through the Australia-Germany Joint Research Co-operation Scheme/ ; PR.AVA2018.051//e German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD) through the Australia-Germany Joint Research Co-operation Scheme/ ; PR.AVA2018.051//e German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD) through the Australia-Germany Joint Research Co-operation Scheme/ ; PR.AVA2018.051//e German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD) through the Australia-Germany Joint Research Co-operation Scheme/ ; PR.AVA2018.051//e German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD) through the Australia-Germany Joint Research Co-operation Scheme/ ; }, abstract = {This study investigates the main drivers of uncertainties in simulated irrigated maize yield under historical conditions as well as scenarios of increased temperatures and altered irrigation water availability. Using APSIM, MONICA, and SIMPLACE crop models, we quantified the relative contributions of three irrigation water allocation strategies, three sowing dates, and three maize cultivars to the uncertainty in simulated yields. The water allocation strategies were derived from historical records of farmer's allocation patterns in drip-irrigation scheme of the Genil-Cabra region, Spain (2014-2017). By considering combinations of allocation strategies, the adjusted R2 values (showing the degree of agreement between simulated and observed yields) increased by 29% compared to unrealistic assumptions of considering only near optimal or deficit irrigation scheduling. The factor decomposition analysis based on historic climate showed that irrigation strategies was the main driver of uncertainty in simulated yields (66%). However, under temperature increase scenarios, the contribution of crop model and cultivar choice to uncertainty in simulated yields were as important as irrigation strategy. This was partially due to different model structure in processes related to the temperature responses. Our study calls for including information on irrigation strategies conducted by farmers to reduce the uncertainty in simulated yields at field scale.}, }
@article {pmid35260561, year = {2022}, author = {Senande-Rivera, M and Insua-Costa, D and Miguez-Macho, G}, title = {Spatial and temporal expansion of global wildland fire activity in response to climate change.}, journal = {Nature communications}, volume = {13}, number = {1}, pages = {1208}, pmid = {35260561}, issn = {2041-1723}, support = {ED481A-2019/112//Xunta de Galicia/ ; }, abstract = {Global warming is expected to alter wildfire potential and fire season severity, but the magnitude and location of change is still unclear. Here, we show that climate largely determines present fire-prone regions and their fire season. We categorize these regions according to the climatic characteristics of their fire season into four classes, within general Boreal, Temperate, Tropical and Arid climate zones. Based on climate model projections, we assess the modification of the fire-prone regions in extent and fire season length at the end of the 21st century. We find that due to global warming, the global area with frequent fire-prone conditions would increase by 29%, mostly in Boreal (+111%) and Temperate (+25%) zones, where there may also be a significant lengthening of the potential fire season. Our estimates of the global expansion of fire-prone areas highlight the large but uneven impact of a warming climate on Earth's environment.}, }
@article {pmid35259989, year = {2022}, author = {Navarrete, SA and Barahona, M and Weidberg, N and Broitman, BR}, title = {Climate change in the coastal ocean: shifts in pelagic productivity and regionally diverging dynamics of coastal ecosystems.}, journal = {Proceedings. Biological sciences}, volume = {289}, number = {1970}, pages = {20212772}, doi = {10.1098/rspb.2021.2772}, pmid = {35259989}, issn = {1471-2954}, abstract = {Climate change has led to intensification and poleward migration of the Southeastern Pacific Anticyclone, forcing diverging regions of increasing, equatorward and decreasing, poleward coastal phytoplankton productivity along the Humboldt Upwelling Ecosystem, and a transition zone around 31° S. Using a 20-year dataset of barnacle larval recruitment and adult abundances, we show that striking increases in larval arrival have occurred since 1999 in the region of higher productivity, while slower but significantly negative trends dominate poleward of 30° S, where years of recruitment failure are now common. Rapid increases in benthic adults result from fast recruitment-stock feedbacks following increased recruitment. Slower population declines in the decreased productivity region may result from aging but still reproducing adults that provide temporary insurance against population collapses. Thus, in this region of the ocean where surface waters have been cooling down, climate change is transforming coastal pelagic and benthic ecosystems through altering primary productivity, which seems to propagate up the food web at rates modulated by stock-recruitment feedbacks and storage effects. Slower effects of downward productivity warn us that poleward stocks may be closer to collapse than current abundances may suggest.}, }
@article {pmid35259988, year = {2022}, author = {Gutiérrez, JS and Moore, JN and Donnelly, JP and Dorador, C and Navedo, JG and Senner, NR}, title = {Climate change and lithium mining influence flamingo abundance in the Lithium Triangle.}, journal = {Proceedings. Biological sciences}, volume = {289}, number = {1970}, pages = {20212388}, doi = {10.1098/rspb.2021.2388}, pmid = {35259988}, issn = {1471-2954}, abstract = {The development of technologies to slow climate change has been identified as a global imperative. Nonetheless, such 'green' technologies can potentially have negative impacts on biodiversity. We explored how climate change and the mining of lithium for green technologies influence surface water availability, primary productivity and the abundance of three threatened and economically important flamingo species in the 'Lithium Triangle' of the Chilean Andes. We combined climate and primary productivity data with remotely sensed measures of surface water levels and a 30-year dataset on flamingo abundance using structural equation modelling. We found that, regionally, flamingo abundance fluctuated dramatically from year-to-year in response to variation in surface water levels and primary productivity but did not exhibit any temporal trends. Locally, in the Salar de Atacama-where lithium mining is focused-we found that mining was negatively correlated with the abundance of two of the three flamingo species. These results suggest continued increases in lithium mining and declines in surface water could soon have dramatic effects on flamingo abundance across their range. Efforts to slow the expansion of mining and the impacts of climate change are, therefore, urgently needed to benefit local biodiversity and the local human economy that depends on it.}, }
@article {pmid35259643, year = {2022}, author = {Meerhoff, E and Combes, V and Matano, R and Barrier, N and Franco, B and Piola, A and Hernández-Vaca, F and Defeo, O}, title = {Large-scale connectivity of the sandy beach clam Mesodesma mactroides along the Atlantic coast of South America, and climate change implications.}, journal = {Marine environmental research}, volume = {176}, number = {}, pages = {105591}, doi = {10.1016/j.marenvres.2022.105591}, pmid = {35259643}, issn = {1879-0291}, abstract = {The yellow clam Mesodesma mactroides is a cool-water species that typifies sandy beaches of the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean (SAO), which embraces one of the strongest ocean warming hotspots. The region is influenced by the Rio de la Plata (RdlP), which represents a zoogeographic barrier that restricts its larval exchange. We investigated yellow clam larval connectivity patterns using an individual based model (IBM). The IBM combined outputs from a 3D hydrodynamic model with a clam submodel that considered salinity- and temperature-dependent mortality for the planktonic larvae. Connectivity across the RdlP estuary occurred only for larvae released in spring during a strong La Niña event. Mortality due to freshwater precluded larval transport across the RdlP, whereas larval mortality induced by warmer waters reduced connectivity, leading to self-recruitment in most areas. Warming acceleration in this hotspot could further restrict larval connectivity between populations in the SAO, with conservation implications for this threatened species.}, }
@article {pmid35257968, year = {2022}, author = {Buckley, LB}, title = {Temperature-sensitive development shapes insect phenological responses to climate change.}, journal = {Current opinion in insect science}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {100897}, doi = {10.1016/j.cois.2022.100897}, pmid = {35257968}, issn = {2214-5753}, abstract = {Phenological shifts vary within and among insect species and locations based on exposure and sensitivity to climate change. Shifts in environmental conditions and seasonal constraints along elevation and latitudinal gradients can select for differences in temperature sensitivity that generate differential phenological shifts. I examine the phenological implications of observed variation in developmental traits. Coupling physiological and ecological insight to link the environmental sensitivity of development to phenology and fitness offers promise in understanding variable phenological response to climate change and their community and ecosystem implications. A key challenge in establishing these linkages is extrapolating controlled, laboratory experiments to temporally variable, natural environments. New lab and field experiments that incorporate realistic environmental variation are needed to test the extrapolations. Establishing the linkages can aid understanding and anticipating impacts of climate change on insects.}, }
@article {pmid35257770, year = {2022}, author = {Jiang, S and Chen, X and Huang, R and Wang, T and Smettem, K}, title = {Effect of the altitudinal climate change on growing season length for deciduous broadleaved forest in southwest China.}, journal = {The Science of the total environment}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {154306}, doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154306}, pmid = {35257770}, issn = {1879-1026}, abstract = {The altitudinal changes of plant phenology in response to climate change remain poorly understood in subtropical mountain areas. Using the satellite phenology and climate dataset (temperature, precipitation and solar radiation) from 2001 to 2016 in southwest China, we analyzed the spatiotemporal changes of climate and phenological characteristics of the growing season length (LOS), start of the growing season (SOS) and end of the growing season (EOS) for the deciduous broadleaf forest (DBF). Results show that LOS was shortened by 25 and 15.2 days/km rise in elevation, respectively, using two regression methods based on "Hopkins' bioclimatic law" (expressing LOS as a function of altitude, latitude and longitude) and altitudinal mean annual LOS. The majority of the shortened LOS towards high elevations was attributed to the postponed SOS and the advanced EOS as the elevation is higher and lower than 2.2-2.3 km, respectively. The recent climate warming has significantly prolonged LOS in the entire DBF area. This increase in LOS differs with altitude due to altitudinal heterogeneity of climate change. In the cold high mountain environment, changes of phenological parameters are more sensitive to climate warming, characterized by a significantly advanced SOS, postponed EOS and prolonged LOS driven by spring and autumn warming. In the warm environment of the low elevation areas, changes of phenological parameters are relatively smaller even though the temperature rise is greater than that in the cold high mountains. Furthermore, winter wetting can significantly weaken the advanced SOS and prolonged LOS at lower elevations in the warm south, but winter drying and declining solar radiation in spring can enhance the advanced SOS and prolonged LOS at the extremely high elevations in the cold north. These results highlight the critical need to include altitudinal heterogeneity when assessing phenological changes from remote sensing platforms.}, }
@article {pmid35257754, year = {2022}, author = {Canatoy, RC and Cho, SR and Ok, YS and Jeong, ST and Kim, PJ}, title = {Critical evaluation of biochar utilization effect on mitigating global warming in whole rice cropping boundary.}, journal = {The Science of the total environment}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {154344}, doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154344}, pmid = {35257754}, issn = {1879-1026}, abstract = {Biochar and compost were accepted as a stable organic amendment to increase soil C stock as well as to decrease greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in rice paddy soils. However, in most studies, their effect on GHG flux was evaluated only within the cropping boundary without considering industrial processes. To compare the net effect of these organic amendment utilizations on global warming within the whole rice cropping system boundary from industrial process to cropping, fresh, compost, and biochar manures were applied at a rate of 12 Mg ha-1 (dry weight) in a rice paddy, and total GHG fluxes were evaluated. Compared with fresh manure, compost utilization decreased net global warming potential (GWP) which summated GHG fluxes and soil C stock change with CO2 equivalent by 43% within rice cropping boundary, via a 25% decrease of CH4 flux and 39% increase of soil C stock. However, 34 Mg CO2-eq. of GHGs were additionally emitted during composting to make 12 Mg of compost and then increased the net GWP by 34% within the whole system boundary. In comparison, biochar changed paddy soil into a GHG sink, via 56% decrease of CH4 flux and 13% increase of soil C stock. However, pyrolysis emitted a total of 0.08 and 19 Mg CO2-eq. of GHGs under with and without syngas recycling system, respectively, to make 12 Mg of biochar. As a result, biochar utilization decreased net GWP by approximately 28-70% over fresh manure within the whole system boundary. Rice grain productivity was not discriminated between biochar and compost manures, but compost considerably increased grain yield over fresh manure. Consequently, biochar utilization significantly decreased GHG intensity which indicates net GWP per grain by 33-72% over fresh manure, but compost increased by 22%. In conclusion, biochar could be a sustainable organic amendment to mitigate GHG emission impact in the rice paddy, but compost should be carefully selected.}, }
@article {pmid35257239, year = {2022}, author = {Mansouri, M and Safavi, HR and Rezaei, F}, title = {An improved MOPSO algorithm for multi-objective optimization of reservoir operation under climate change.}, journal = {Environmental monitoring and assessment}, volume = {194}, number = {4}, pages = {261}, pmid = {35257239}, issn = {1573-2959}, abstract = {Gradually, the previously proposed water resource management schemes and reservoir operating policies adjusted to the historically experienced climatic conditions are losing their validity and efficacy, urging building up the models compatible with the likely climatic change conditions at the future. This paper aims at optimizing the reservoir operation under climate change conditions targeting the objectives including (1) minimizing the shortages in meeting the reservoir downstream water demands and (2) maximizing the sustainability of the reservoir storage. For evaluating the effects of the climate change, six general circulation models (GCMs) built up under the representative concentration pathway (RCP4.5) emission scenario are adopted and utilized to predict the climate variables over a 30-year planning period. To solve this problem, an improved version of our recently proposed fuzzy multi-objective particle swarm optimization (f-MOPSO) algorithm, named f-MOPSO-II, is proposed. The f-MOPSO takes a novel approach to handle multi-objective nature of the optimization problems. In this approach, the common concept of "diversity" is replaced with "extremity," to choose the better guides of the search agents in the algorithm. The f-MOPSO-II is based on the f-MOPSO. However, it is aimed at simultaneously mitigating the f-MOPSO computational complexity and enhancing the quality of the final results presented by this algorithm. The results obtained by the f-MOPSO-II were then compared with those yielded by the popular non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-II (NSGA-II). As the results suggest, the f-MOPSO-II is capable of simultaneously meeting the water demands and holding the reservoir storage sustainable, much better than the NSGA-II.}, }
@article {pmid35257171, year = {2022}, author = {Iyer, Y and Moorthy, S and Al-Kindi, S and Rajagopalan, S}, title = {Climate change and healthcare organizations: a call to arms.}, journal = {European heart journal}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1093/eurheartj/ehac110}, pmid = {35257171}, issn = {1522-9645}, }
@article {pmid35253906, year = {2022}, author = {Wood, WW and Macumber, PG}, title = {Altithermal Climate Change and Groundwater Development.}, journal = {Ground water}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1111/gwat.13191}, pmid = {35253906}, issn = {1745-6584}, }
@article {pmid35252617, year = {2022}, author = {Wouyou, HG and Lokonon, BE and Idohou, R and Zossou-Akete, AG and Assogbadjo, AE and Glèlè Kakaï, R}, title = {Predicting the potential impacts of climate change on the endangered Caesalpinia bonduc (L.) Roxb in Benin (West Africa).}, journal = {Heliyon}, volume = {8}, number = {3}, pages = {e09022}, doi = {10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09022}, pmid = {35252617}, issn = {2405-8440}, abstract = {Caesalpinia bonduc (L.) Roxb is a medicinal plant with high therapeutic values but declared extinct in the wild in Benin. This study explored the potential distribution and climatic suitability of the species under the present-day and future conditions in Benin, based on two Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5) at the 2055-time horizon. The occurrence data were recorded in the distribution area of the species in Benin. These data were supplemented with those from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF, www.gbif.org) website and the literature. A total of 23 environmental variables (15 bioclimatic data and 8 biophysical data) were used. The Bioclimatic variables for temperature and humidity were downloaded from Africlim site at 1 km resolution. The biophysical variables concern population, elevation, slope, landcover, wetland, distance to river, soil and distance to dwellings data that are downloaded respectively from DIVA-GIS, ISRIC and SEDAC website at different resolution. A correlation test has been applied to eliminate the highly correlated variables (r ≥ 0.9) using Pearson correlation coefficient. Species distribution modelling data were processed using five algorithms namely Random Forest (RF), Boosted Regression Trees (BRT), Maximum entropy (MAXENT), Generalized Linear Models (GLM) and Generalized Additive Models (GAM). The results showed that all models performed well with the area under the curve (AUC) values greater than 0.9. The RF, GLM, and GAM models predicted an increase in the suitable areas for the cultivation of the species. BRT and MaxEnt showed a substantial decrease in the suitable areas based on the two scenarios but this reduction is more observed with the MaxEnt model. These results show that climate change and human pressures will have significant effects on the distribution of C. bonduc throughout Benin. Sustainable management measures are necessary for C. bonduc and should be integrated in development policies to preserve the population of the species from total extinction in Benin.}, }
@article {pmid35251130, year = {2022}, author = {Guarino, F and Cicatelli, A and Castiglione, S and Agius, DR and Orhun, GE and Fragkostefanakis, S and Leclercq, J and Dobránszki, J and Kaiserli, E and Lieberman-Lazarovich, M and Sõmera, M and Sarmiento, C and Vettori, C and Paffetti, D and Poma, AMG and Moschou, PN and Gašparović, M and Yousefi, S and Vergata, C and Berger, MMJ and Gallusci, P and Miladinović, D and Martinelli, F}, title = {An Epigenetic Alphabet of Crop Adaptation to Climate Change.}, journal = {Frontiers in genetics}, volume = {13}, number = {}, pages = {818727}, doi = {10.3389/fgene.2022.818727}, pmid = {35251130}, issn = {1664-8021}, abstract = {Crop adaptation to climate change is in a part attributed to epigenetic mechanisms which are related to response to abiotic and biotic stresses. Although recent studies increased our knowledge on the nature of these mechanisms, epigenetics remains under-investigated and still poorly understood in many, especially non-model, plants, Epigenetic modifications are traditionally divided into two main groups, DNA methylation and histone modifications that lead to chromatin remodeling and the regulation of genome functioning. In this review, we outline the most recent and interesting findings on crop epigenetic responses to the environmental cues that are most relevant to climate change. In addition, we discuss a speculative point of view, in which we try to decipher the "epigenetic alphabet" that underlies crop adaptation mechanisms to climate change. The understanding of these mechanisms will pave the way to new strategies to design and implement the next generation of cultivars with a broad range of tolerance/resistance to stresses as well as balanced agronomic traits, with a limited loss of (epi)genetic variability.}, }
@article {pmid35250241, year = {2022}, author = {Schwartz, SEO and Benoit, L and Clayton, S and Parnes, MF and Swenson, L and Lowe, SR}, title = {Climate change anxiety and mental health: Environmental activism as buffer.}, journal = {Current psychology (New Brunswick, N.J.)}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {1-14}, doi = {10.1007/s12144-022-02735-6}, pmid = {35250241}, issn = {1046-1310}, abstract = {A growing body of research has documented the phenomenon of climate change anxiety (CCA), defined broadly as negative cognitive, emotional, and behavioral responses associated with concerns about climate change. A recently validated scale of CCA indicated two subscales: cognitive emotional impairment and functional impairment (Clayton &amp; Karazsia, 2020). However, there are few empirical studies on CCA to date and little evidence regarding whether CCA is associated with psychiatric symptoms, including symptoms of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD), and whether engaging in individual and collective action to address climate change could buffer such relationships. This mixed methods study draws on data collected from a sample of emerging adult students (ages 18-35) in the United States (N = 284) to address these gaps. Results indicated that both CCA subscales were significantly associated with GAD symptoms, while only the Functional Impairment subscale was associated with higher MDD symptoms. Moreover, engaging in collective action, but not individual action, significantly attenuated the association between CCA cognitive emotional impairment and MDD symptoms. Responses to open-ended questions asking about participants' worries and actions related to climate change indicated the severity of their worries and, for some, a perception of the insignificance of their actions relative to the enormity of climate change. These results further the field's understanding of CCA, both in general and specifically among emerging adults, and suggest the importance of creating opportunities for collective action to build sense of agency in addressing climate change.}, }
@article {pmid35250125, year = {2022}, author = {Karam, S and Seidou, O and Nagabhatla, N and Perera, D and Tshimanga, RM}, title = {Assessing the impacts of climate change on climatic extremes in the Congo River Basin.}, journal = {Climatic change}, volume = {170}, number = {3-4}, pages = {40}, doi = {10.1007/s10584-022-03326-x}, pmid = {35250125}, issn = {0165-0009}, abstract = {The Congo River Basin, located in central Africa, is the second-largest river basin in the world, after the Amazon. It has a drainage area of approximately 3.7 M km2 and is home to 75 million people. A significant part of the population is exposed to recurrent floods and droughts, and climate change is likely to worsen these events. Climate change studies of the Congo River basin have so far focused on annual and seasonal precipitation, but little attention was paid to extreme climatic events. This study aims to assess future changes in rainfall-induced flash floods and drought regimes in the Congo basin from the present day to 2100, using four selected extreme climatic indices as proxies to these two natural disasters. The indices are the total annual precipitation (PCPTOT), the number of days where rainfall is above 20 mm (PCP20), the standardized precipitation index (SPI), and the standardized precipitation-evapotranspiration index (SPEI). The indices were calculated with the statistically downscaled output of eleven Regional Climate Models (RCMs) from the Coordinated Downscaling Experiment (CORDEX-AFRICA) under two Representative Concentration Pathways: RCP 8.5 (high emissions scenario) and RCP 4.5 (moderate emissions scenario). Precipitation and temperature simulated by the RCMs were statistically downscaled using quantile mapping, while wind speed, solar radiation, and relative humidity were projected using K-nearest neighbor downscaling. The evolution of the indices was then assessed between the reference period (1976-2005) and three future periods (2011-2040, 2041-2070, and 2071-2100). Multimodel average results suggest that (i) independently of the scenario and period, PCPTOT and SPI will increase in the north, east, and western extremities of the basin and decrease in the basin's center. (ii) The maximum increase (+ 24%) and decrease (- 6%) in PCPTOT were both projected under RCP 8.5 in the 2071-2100 period. (iii) PCP20 will increase independently of the period and scenario. Under RCP 8.5, in the 2071-2100 period, PCP20 will increase by 94% on average over the whole watershed. (iv) The SPEI results suggest that in all periods and scenarios, the rise in evapotranspiration due to higher temperatures will offset annual precipitation increases in the north, east, and western extremities of the basin. Increased evaporation will exacerbate the decrease in annual precipitation in the center, leading to increased drought frequency in the entire basin.<br><br>Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10584-022-03326-x.}, }
@article {pmid35248140, year = {2022}, author = {Edillo, F and Ymbong, RR and Bolneo, AA and Hernandez, RJ and Fuentes, BL and Cortes, G and Cabrera, J and Lazaro, JE and Sakuntabhai, A}, title = {Temperature, season, and latitude influence development-related phenotypes of Philippine Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus): Implications for dengue control amidst global warming.}, journal = {Parasites &amp; vectors}, volume = {15}, number = {1}, pages = {74}, pmid = {35248140}, issn = {1756-3305}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Dengue is endemic in the Philippines. Aedes aegypti is the primary vector. This study aimed to determine the hatching behavior and viability of Ae. aegypti first-generation (F1) eggs when exposed to temperature and photoperiod regimes under laboratory conditions.<br><br>METHODS: Parental eggs were collected from selected highland and lowland sites in the Philippine big islands (Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao) during the wet (2017-2018) and dry (2018) seasons. F1 egg cohorts were exposed separately in environmental chambers at 18, 25, and 38 °C with respective photoperiods for 6 weeks. Phenotypes (percent pharate larvae [PPL], hatch rates [HRs], and reproductive outputs [ROs]) were determined.<br><br>RESULTS: Results of multivariate analyses of variance (MANOVA) between seasons showed significant main effects of temperature, season, and big island on all phenotypes across all sites. Significant interaction effects between seasons on all phenotypes across sites were shown between or among (1) season and big island, (2) season and temperature, (3) big island and temperature, (4) season, big island, and temperature, (5) big island, altitude, and temperature, and (6) season, big island, altitude, and temperature. Factors associated with the big islands might include their ecology, available breeding sites, and day lengths due to latitudinal differences, although they were not measured in the field. MANOVA results within each season on all phenotypes across sites showed (1) significant main effects of big island and temperature, and (2) significant interaction effects between big island and temperature within the wet season and (3) between temperature and photoperiod within the dry season. PPL were highest at 18 °C and were formed even at 38 °C in both seasons. Pharate larvae might play an adaptive role in global warming, expanded distribution to highlands, and preponderance to transmit human diseases. HRs in both seasons were highest at 25 °C and lowest at 38 °C. ROs were highest at 25 °C in the wet season and at 18 °C in the dry season.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Temperature and latitude of Philippine big islands influenced the development-related phenotypes of Ae. aegypti in both seasons. The two seasons influenced the phenotypes and their interaction effects with big island and/or temperature and/or altitude. Recommendations include year-round enhanced 4S control strategies for mosquito vectors and water pipeline installation in rural highlands.}, }
@article {pmid35247642, year = {2022}, author = {Van den Berg, J and Greyvenstein, B and du Plessis, H}, title = {Insect resistance management facing African smallholder farmers under climate change.}, journal = {Current opinion in insect science}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {100894}, doi = {10.1016/j.cois.2022.100894}, pmid = {35247642}, issn = {2214-5753}, abstract = {Changes in climatic conditions affect pest populations and ultimately result in increased pest status and yield losses. While pesticide application is usually the first defensive tool used to control pest species that threaten crop production, genetically modified (GM) crops with insecticidal traits (Bt crops) are becoming more common. The indiscriminate and over use of insecticides, and absence of insect resistance management (IRM) strategies ultimately lead to evolution of resistance against these technologies. IRM faces significant challenges in the African context. In this paper we use examples of cotton, maize, cowpea and tomato pests to illustrate their potential to evolve resistance to insecticides and also highlight the importance of IRM strategies, both with regard to the use of pesticides and the cultivation of Bt cotton, Bt maize and Bt cowpea.}, }
@article {pmid35247463, year = {2022}, author = {Setoguchi, S and Leddin, D and Metz, G and Omary, MB}, title = {Climate Change, Health, and Healthcare Systems: A Global Perspective.}, journal = {Gastroenterology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1053/j.gastro.2022.02.037}, pmid = {35247463}, issn = {1528-0012}, }
@article {pmid35247401, year = {2022}, author = {Antala, M and Juszczak, R and van der Tol, C and Rastogi, A}, title = {Impact of climate change-induced alterations in peatland vegetation phenology and composition on carbon balance.}, journal = {The Science of the total environment}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {154294}, doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154294}, pmid = {35247401}, issn = {1879-1026}, abstract = {Global climate is changing faster than humankind has ever experienced. Model-based predictions of future climate are becoming more complex and precise, but they still lack crucial information about the reaction of some important ecosystems, such as peatlands. Peatlands belong to one of the largest carbon stores on the Earth. They are mostly distributed in high latitudes, where the temperature rises faster than in the other parts of the planet. Warmer climate and changes in precipitation patterns cause changes in the composition and phenology of peatland vegetation. Peat mosses are becoming less abundant, vascular plants cover is increasing, and the vegetation season and phenophases of vascular plants start sooner. The alterations in vegetation cause changes in the carbon assimilation and release of greenhouse gases. Therefore, this article reviews the impact of climate change-induced alterations in peatland vegetation phenology and composition on future climate and the uncertainties that need to be addressed for more accurate climate prediction.}, }
@article {pmid35247351, year = {2022}, author = {Pascal, M and Phalkey, R and Rigal, L and Zoonekyndt, A and Mathieu, A and Gillingham, EL and Denys, S and Oliver, I and Chêne, G and Selbie, D}, title = {Public health institutes and the fight against climate change.}, journal = {The Lancet. Public health}, volume = {7}, number = {3}, pages = {e209}, doi = {10.1016/S2468-2667(22)00032-9}, pmid = {35247351}, issn = {2468-2667}, }
@article {pmid35245550, year = {2022}, author = {Hu, N and Bourdeau, PE and Harlos, C and Liu, Y and Hollander, J}, title = {Meta-analysis reveals variance in tolerance to climate change across marine trophic levels.}, journal = {The Science of the total environment}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {154244}, doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154244}, pmid = {35245550}, issn = {1879-1026}, abstract = {Marine ecosystems are currently facing a variety of anthropogenic perturbations, including climate change. Trophic differences in response to climate change may disrupt ecological interactions and thereby threaten marine ecosystem function. Yet, we still do not have a comprehensive understanding of how different trophic levels respond to climate change stressors in marine ecosystems. By including 1278 experiments, comprising 236 different marine species from 18 different phyla in a meta-analysis of studies measuring the direct effect of ocean acidification and ocean warming on marine organisms, we found that higher trophic level species display greater tolerance to ocean acidification but greater sensitivity to warming. In contrast, marine herbivores were the most vulnerable trophic level to both acidification and warming. Such imbalances in the community and a general reduction of biodiversity and biomass in lower trophic levels can significantly disrupt the system and could drive negative bottom-up effects. In conclusion, with ocean acidification and elevated temperatures, there is an alarming risk that trophic disparity may disrupt species interactions, and thereby drive community destabilization under ocean climate change.}, }
@article {pmid35244108, year = {2022}, author = {Hung, H and Halsall, C and Ball, H and Bidleman, T and Dachs, J and De Silva, A and Hermanson, M and Kallenborn, R and Muir, D and Sühring, R and Wang, X and Wilson, S}, title = {Climate change influence on the levels and trends of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and chemicals of emerging Arctic concern (CEACs) in the Arctic physical environment - a review.}, journal = {Environmental science. Processes &amp; impacts}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1039/d1em00485a}, pmid = {35244108}, issn = {2050-7895}, abstract = {Climate change brings about significant changes in the physical environment in the Arctic. Increasing temperatures, sea ice retreat, slumping permafrost, changing sea ice regimes, glacial loss and changes in precipitation patterns can all affect how contaminants distribute within the Arctic environment and subsequently impact the Arctic ecosystems. In this review, we summarized observed evidence of the influence of climate change on contaminant circulation and transport among various Arctic environment media, including air, ice, snow, permafrost, fresh water and the marine environment. We have also drawn on parallel examples observed in Antarctica and the Tibetan Plateau, to broaden the discussion on how climate change may influence contaminant fate in similar cold-climate ecosystems. Significant knowledge gaps on indirect effects of climate change on contaminants in the Arctic environment, including those of extreme weather events, increase in forests fires, and enhanced human activities leading to new local contaminant emissions, have been identified. Enhanced mobilization of contaminants to marine and freshwater ecosystems has been observed as a result of climate change, but better linkages need to be made between these observed effects with subsequent exposure and accumulation of contaminants in biota. Emerging issues include those of Arctic contamination by microplastics and higher molecular weight halogenated natural products (hHNPs) and the implications of such contamination in a changing Arctic environment is explored.}, }
@article {pmid35243461, year = {2022}, author = {Qin, RX and Velin, L and Yates, EF and El Omrani, O and McLeod, E and Tudravu, J and Samad, L and Woodward, A and McClain, CD}, title = {Building sustainable and resilient surgical systems: A narrative review of opportunities to integrate climate change into national surgical planning in the Western Pacific region.}, journal = {The Lancet regional health. Western Pacific}, volume = {22}, number = {}, pages = {100407}, doi = {10.1016/j.lanwpc.2022.100407}, pmid = {35243461}, issn = {2666-6065}, abstract = {Five billion people lack access to surgical care worldwide; climate change is the biggest threat to human health in the 21st century. This review studies how climate change could be integrated into national surgical planning in the Western Pacific region. We searched databases (PubMed, Web of Science, and Global Health) for articles on climate change and surgical care. Findings were categorised using the modified World Health Organisation Health System Building Blocks Framework. 220 out of 2577 records were included. Infrastructure: Operating theatres are highly resource-intensive. Their carbon footprint could be reduced by maximising equipment longevity, improving energy efficiency, and renewable energy use. Service delivery Tele-medicine, outreaches, and avoiding desflurane could reduce emissions. Robust surgical systems are required to adapt to the increasing burden of surgically treated diseases, such as injuries from natural disasters. Finance: Climate change adaptation funds could be mobilised for surgical system strengthening. Information systems: Sustainability should be a key performance indicator for surgical systems. Workforce: Surgical providers could change clinical, institutional, and societal practices. Governance: Planning in surgical care and climate change should be aligned. Climate change mitigation is essential in the regional surgical care scale-up; surgical system strengthening is also necessary for adaptation to climate change.}, }
@article {pmid35243218, year = {2022}, author = {Liu, X and Le Roux, X and Salles, JF}, title = {The legacy of microbial inoculants in agroecosystems and potential for tackling climate change challenges.}, journal = {iScience}, volume = {25}, number = {3}, pages = {103821}, doi = {10.1016/j.isci.2022.103821}, pmid = {35243218}, issn = {2589-0042}, abstract = {Microbial inoculations contribute to reducing agricultural systems' environmental footprint by supporting sustainable production and regulating climate change. However, the indirect and cascading effects of microbial inoculants through the reshaping of soil microbiome are largely overlooked. By discussing the underlying mechanisms of plant- and soil-based microbial inoculants, we suggest that a key challenge in microbial inoculation is to understand their legacy on indigenous microbial communities and the corresponding impacts on agroecosystem functions and services relevant to climate change. We explain how these legacy effects on the soil microbiome can be understood by building on the mechanisms driving microbial invasions and placing inoculation into the context of ecological succession and community assembly. Overall, we advocate that generalizing field trials to systematically test inoculants' effectiveness and developing knowledge anchored in the scientific field of biological/microbial invasion are two essential requirements for applying microbial inoculants in agricultural ecosystems to tackle climate change challenges.}, }
@article {pmid35243064, year = {2022}, author = {Jiménez-U, M and Peña, LE and López, J}, title = {Non-stationary analysis for road drainage design under land-use and climate change scenarios.}, journal = {Heliyon}, volume = {8}, number = {2}, pages = {e08942}, doi = {10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e08942}, pmid = {35243064}, issn = {2405-8440}, abstract = {Frequency analysis has been the most widely used tool worldwide to dimension water-related infrastructures and evaluate flood risks. The concept of stationarity has been a common and practical hypothesis in hydrology for many years. However, in recent decades due to climate change pressure and changes in land use, it has been related to the presence of time-series trends that in hydrology indicate non-stationary effects. In this sense, the need to comprehensively address non-stationary frequency analysis has been identified. This study proposes to incorporate the non-stationary flood frequency analysis into the dimensioning process of road structures with the following objectives: i) evaluate the effect of land use on peak flow in a simulated period of 129 years, ii) evaluate covariates related to land use, and iii) evaluate covariates related to climate change. To this end, road drainage simulation exercises were carried out in three sections of the Ibagué-Cajamarca road located in Colombia. Likewise, the Generalized Additive Models for Location, Scale and Shape was implemented for the non-stationary analysis, and covariates related to climate variability were included, such as El Niño-Southern Oscillation indices (ONI12, ONI3.4, MEI, and SOI), and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) index, as well as some related to the evolution of land use such as hydraulic conductivity, soil water storage in the root zone, and infiltration capacity represented in the curve number. The results indicate that the non-stationary analysis improves the prediction of maximum flows, and it is possible to obtain road drainage dimensioning that adjusts to climate and land-use variations.}, }
@article {pmid35240569, year = {2022}, author = {Nassary, EK and Msomba, BH and Masele, WE and Ndaki, PM and Kahangwa, CA}, title = {Exploring urban green packages as part of Nature-based Solutions for climate change adaptation measures in rapidly growing cities of the Global South.}, journal = {Journal of environmental management}, volume = {310}, number = {}, pages = {114786}, doi = {10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.114786}, pmid = {35240569}, issn = {1095-8630}, abstract = {Given a lot of elusive information on the use and implementation of Nature-based Solutions (NbS) in the Global South, this review provides a synthesis of the evidence on the: - (1) distribution of urban green technologies in form of arboriculture and urban agriculture as a part of NbS packages for the sustainability of cities against population growth and impact of climate change; and (2) options of integrating and mainstreaming various NbS packages into city development policies, planning processes, and decision-making agendas. The sustainability of urban green as part of NbS packages and the usefulness for improvement of livelihoods is determined by the spatial (geographical location) and temporal (time of action) scales, and socio-ecological and institutional factors. Various NbS packages have shown the ability for use as climate change adaptation measures throughout the world. These functions include protection from soil erosion, protection from inland flooding, buffering natural resources against drier and more variable climates, protection from coastal hazards and sea-level rise, moderation of urban heatwaves and effects of heat island, and managing storm-water and flooding in urban areas. Furthermore, the benefits of urban agriculture and arboriculture include use as sources of food and generation of income; improve recreation and social interactions, and the sustainability of biodiversity. They also mitigate the impact of environmental pollution and climate change through reduction of gas emissions and act as carbon sinks. While the starting capital and lack of policy on urban agriculture and arboriculture in many countries, the importance of the industry is inevitably a useful agenda especially in the Global South due to vulnerability to the impact of climate change. This review also suggests the inclusion of all institutions, governments, and relevant stakeholders to emphasize gender sensitization at all levels of planning and decision-making in food production and adaptation measures to climate change.}, }
@article {pmid35240333, year = {2022}, author = {Schneider, L and Rebetez, M and Rasmann, S}, title = {The effect of climate change on invasive crop pests across biomes.}, journal = {Current opinion in insect science}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {100895}, doi = {10.1016/j.cois.2022.100895}, pmid = {35240333}, issn = {2214-5753}, abstract = {Climate change has various and complex effects on crop pests worldwide. In this review, we detail the role of the main climatic parameters related to temperature and precipitation changes that might have direct or indirect impacts on pest species. Changes in these parameters are likely to favour or to limit pest species, depending on their ecological context. On a global scale, crop pests are expected to benefit from current and future climate change. However, substantial differences appear across biomes and species. Temperate regions are generally more likely to face an increase in pest attacks compared with tropical regions. Therefore, climate change effects should be studied in the context of local climate and local ecological interactions across biomes.}, }
@article {pmid35240175, year = {2022}, author = {Liu, L and Lei, Y and Zhuang, M and Ding, S}, title = {The impact of climate change on urban resilience in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region.}, journal = {The Science of the total environment}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {154157}, doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154157}, pmid = {35240175}, issn = {1879-1026}, abstract = {The increasing uncertainty related to disaster risk under climate change brings about new challenges for sustainable urban management. The emergence of the urban resilience concept can improve the ability and extent to which cities can absorb and resolve risks, providing insight into the sustainable development of cities and regions. Yet, to date, the impact of climate change on regional urban resilience is not well understood. This paper measures the changes in urban resilience of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) region from 1998 to 2019, and then explores the contribution of climate influencing factors such as temperature, precipitation and wind speed to urban resilience using econometric models. Results demonstrate the following: (1) Urban resilience shows a large spatial heterogeneity in the BTH region. Overall, Beijing and Tianjin have better and more stable resilience than Hebei Province. (2) Regarding the static impact of climate change on urban resilience, a 1 unit increase in Ln temperature and Ln precipitation will respectively increase Ln resilience by 1.01 units and 0.54 units, indicating that it has a significant positive impact on urban resilience. Each 1 unit increase in Ln wind speed will decrease resilience by 1.65 units, representing a significant negative effect. (3) Regarding the dynamic impact of climate change on urban resilience, a positive 1 unit impact of climatic factors indicates that an increase in temperature will first increase and then decrease urban resilience, and an increase in precipitation and wind speed will initially support improvement in urban resilience. Based on these findings, this article offers policy recommendations to improve urban resilience.}, }
@article {pmid35238906, year = {2022}, author = {D'Alò, F and Baldrian, P and Odriozola, I and Morais, D and Větrovský, T and Zucconi, L and Ripa, C and Cannone, N and Malfasi, F and Onofri, S}, title = {Composition and functioning of the soil microbiome in the highest altitudes of the Italian Alps and potential effects of climate change.}, journal = {FEMS microbiology ecology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1093/femsec/fiac025}, pmid = {35238906}, issn = {1574-6941}, abstract = {As the European Alps are experiencing a strong climate warming; this study analyzed the soil microbiome at different altitudes and among different vegetation types at the Stelvio Pass (Italian Alps), aiming to i) characterize the composition and functional potential of the microbiome of soils and their gene expression during the peak vegetative stage; ii) explore the potential short-term (using open top chambers) and long-term (space-for-time substitutions) effects of increasing temperature on the alpine soil microbiome. We found that the functional potential of the soil microbiome and its expression differed among vegetation types. Microbial α-diversity increased along the altitudinal gradient. At lower altitude, shrubland had the highest proportion of fungi, which was correlated with higher amounts of CAZymes, specific for degrading fungal biomass and recalcitrant plant biopolymers. Subalpine upward vegetation shift could lead a possible loss of species of alpine soils. Shrub encroachment may accelerate higher recalcitrant C decomposition and reduce total ecosystem C storage, increasing the efflux of CO2 to the atmosphere with a positive feedback to warming. Five years of warming had no effect on the composition and functioning of microbial communities, indicating that longer-term warming experiments are needed to investigate the effects of temperature increases on the soil microbiome.}, }
@article {pmid35238138, year = {2022}, author = {Petrik, P and Petek-Petrik, A and Kurjak, D and Mukarram, M and Klein, T and Gömöry, D and Střelcová, K and Frýdl, J and Konôpková, A}, title = {Interannual adjustments in stomatal and leaf morphological traits of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) demonstrate its climate change acclimation potential.}, journal = {Plant biology (Stuttgart, Germany)}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1111/plb.13401}, pmid = {35238138}, issn = {1438-8677}, support = {VEGA 1/0535/20//Agentúra Ministerstva školstva, vedy, výskumu a športu SR/ ; APVV-18-0390//Agentúra na Podporu Výskumu a Vývoja/ ; MZE-RO0118//Národní Agentura pro Zemědělsk Vzkum/ ; LM2018123//Ministerstvo Školství, Mládeže a Tělovýchovy/ ; }, abstract = {The current projections of climate change might exceed the ability of European forest trees to adapt to upcoming environmental conditions. However, stomatal and leaf morphological traits could greatly influence the acclimation potential of forest tree species subjected to global warming, including the single most important forestry species in Europe, European beech. We analysed stomatal (guard cell length, stomatal density and potential conductance index) and leaf (leaf area, leaf dry weight and leaf mass per area) morphological traits of ten provenances from two provenance trials with contrasting climates between 2016 and 2020. The impact of meteorological conditions of the current and preceding year on stomatal and leaf traits was tested by linear and quadratic regressions. Ecodistance was used to capture the impact of adaptation after the transfer of provenances to new environments. Interactions of trial-provenance and trial-year factors were significant for all measured traits. Guard cell length was lowest and stomatal density was highest across beech provenances in the driest year, 2018. Adaptation was also reflected in a significant relationship between aridity ecodistance and measured traits. Moreover, the meteorological conditions of the preceding year affected the interannual variability of stomatal and leaf traits more than the meteorological conditions of the spring of the current year, suggesting the existence of plant stress memory. High intraspecific variability of stomatal and leaf traits controlled by the interaction of adaptation, acclimation and plant memory suggests a high acclimation potential of European beech provenances under future conditions of global climate change.}, }
@article {pmid35237548, year = {2022}, author = {Spencer, S and Samateh, T and Wabnitz, K and Mayhew, S and Allen, H and Bonell, A}, title = {The Challenges of Working in the Heat Whilst Pregnant: Insights From Gambian Women Farmers in the Face of Climate Change.}, journal = {Frontiers in public health}, volume = {10}, number = {}, pages = {785254}, pmid = {35237548}, issn = {2296-2565}, abstract = {Background: The expected increase in heat in The Gambia is one of the most significant health threats caused by climate change. However, little is known about the gendered dynamics of exposure and response to heat stress, including women's perceived health risks, their adaptation strategies to heat, and their perceptions of climate change. This research project aims to answer the question of whether and how pregnant farmers in The Gambia perceive and act upon occupational heat stress and its health impacts on both themselves and their unborn children, against the backdrop of current and expected climatic changes.<br><br>Method: In-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with 12 women who practice subsistence farming and were either pregnant or had delivered within the past month in West Kiang, The Gambia. Participants were selected using purposive sampling. Translated interview transcripts were coded and qualitative thematic content analysis with an intersectional lens was used to arrive at the results.<br><br>Results: All women who participated in the study experience significant heat stress while working outdoors during pregnancy, with symptoms often including headache, dizziness, nausea, and chills. The most common adaptive techniques included resting in the shade while working, completing their work in multiple shorter time increments, taking medicine to reduce symptoms like headache, using water to cool down, and reducing the amount of area they cultivate. Layered identities, experiences, and household power structures related to age, migration, marital situation, socioeconomic status, and supportive social relationships shaped the extent to which women were able to prevent and reduce the effects of heat exposure during their work whilst pregnant. Women who participated in this study demonstrated high awareness of climate change and offered important insights into potential values, priorities, and mechanisms to enable effective adaptation.<br><br>Conclusion: Our findings reveal many intersecting social and economic factors that shape the space within which women can make decisions and take adaptive action to reduce the impact of heat during their pregnancy. To improve the health of pregnant working women exposed to heat, these intersectionalities must be considered when supporting women to adapt their working practices and cope with heat stress.}, }
@article {pmid35235849, year = {2022}, author = {Ilarri, M and Souza, AT and Dias, E and Antunes, C}, title = {Influence of climate change and extreme weather events on an estuarine fish community.}, journal = {The Science of the total environment}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {154190}, doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154190}, pmid = {35235849}, issn = {1879-1026}, abstract = {Extreme weather events are becoming more frequent as a result of climate change, and the increasing frequency of these events may lead to significant changes in fish assemblages. In this sense, this work aimed to study the effects of climate change and extreme weather events on fish assemblages in the Rio Minho estuary (Portugal). Between 2010 and 2019, continuous weekly sampling with fyke nets was carried out to assess the dynamics of fish assemblages in the estuary. In addition, temperature and precipitation data were obtained from satellite information to assess the relationship between climatic variables and fish composition, structure, and diversity. Fish populations changed significantly over time, becoming less diverse and largely dominated by a few, mostly invasive species (e.g., carp, goldfish, pumpkinseed, and tench), while the abundance of most native species declined over the years (e.g., panjorca, stickleback, and shad). High temperatures and low precipitation negatively affected native species, while the invasive species benefited from increased temperatures and extreme weather events (droughts and floods).}, }
@article {pmid35235190, year = {2022}, author = {Seritan, AL and Hasser, C and Burke, MG and Bussmann, GL and Charlesworth, A and Cooper, R and Fortuna, LR and Herbst, ED and Jayaratne, A and Richards, A and Stuart, BK and Epel, E}, title = {The Climate Change and Mental Health Task Force: One Academic Psychiatry Department's Efforts to Heed the Call to Action.}, journal = {Academic psychiatry : the journal of the American Association of Directors of Psychiatric Residency Training and the Association for Academic Psychiatry}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, pmid = {35235190}, issn = {1545-7230}, support = {N/a//University of California, San Francisco/ ; }, }
@article {pmid35235036, year = {2022}, author = {Iwanycki Ahlstrand, N and Primack, RB and Tøttrup, AP}, title = {A comparison of herbarium and citizen science phenology datasets for detecting response of flowering time to climate change in Denmark.}, journal = {International journal of biometeorology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, pmid = {35235036}, issn = {1432-1254}, abstract = {Phenology has emerged as a key metric to measure how species respond to changes in climate. Innovative means have been developed to extend the temporal and spatial range of phenological data by obtaining data from herbarium specimens, citizen science programs, and biodiversity data repositories. These different data types have seldom been compared for their effectiveness in detecting environmental impacts on phenology. To address this, we compare three separate phenology datasets from Denmark: (i) herbarium specimen data spanning 145 years, (ii) data collected from a citizen science phenology program over a single year observing first flowering, and (iii) data derived from incidental biodiversity observations in iNaturalist over a single year. Each dataset includes flowering day of year observed for three common spring-flowering plant species: Allium ursinum (ramsons), Aesculus hippocastanum (horse chestnut), and Sambucus nigra (black elderberry). The incidental iNaturalist dataset provided the most extensive geographic coverage across Denmark and the largest sample size and recorded peak flowering in a way comparable to herbarium specimens. The directed citizen science dataset recorded much earlier flowering dates because the program objective was to report the first flowering, and so was less compared to the other two datasets. Herbarium data demonstrated the strongest effect of spring temperature on flowering in Denmark, possibly because it was the only dataset measuring temporal variation in phenology, while the other datasets measured spatial variation. Herbarium data predicted the mean flowering day of year recorded in our iNaturalist dataset for all three species. Combining herbarium data with iNaturalist data provides an even more effective method for detecting climatic effects on phenology. Phenology observations from directed and incidental citizen science initiatives will increase in value for climate change research in the coming years with the addition of data capturing the inter-annual variation in phenology.}, }
@article {pmid35232726, year = {2022}, author = {Dyer, O}, title = {Climate change is outpacing efforts to adapt, warns intergovernmental panel.}, journal = {BMJ (Clinical research ed.)}, volume = {376}, number = {}, pages = {o541}, doi = {10.1136/bmj.o541}, pmid = {35232726}, issn = {1756-1833}, }
@article {pmid35231416, year = {2022}, author = {Malhi, Y and Lander, T and le Roux, E and Stevens, N and Macias-Fauria, M and Wedding, L and Girardin, C and Kristensen, JÅ and Sandom, CJ and Evans, TD and Svenning, JC and Canney, S}, title = {The role of large wild animals in climate change mitigation and adaptation.}, journal = {Current biology : CB}, volume = {32}, number = {4}, pages = {R181-R196}, doi = {10.1016/j.cub.2022.01.041}, pmid = {35231416}, issn = {1879-0445}, abstract = {Two major environmental challenges of our time are responding to climate change and reversing biodiversity decline. Interventions that simultaneously tackle both challenges are highly desirable. To date, most studies aiming to find synergistic interventions for these two challenges have focused on protecting or restoring vegetation and soils but overlooked how conservation or restoration of large wild animals might influence the climate mitigation and adaptation potential of ecosystems. However, interactions between large animal conservation and climate change goals may not always be positive. Here, we review wildlife conservation and climate change mitigation in terrestrial and marine ecosystems. We elucidate general principles about the biome types where, and mechanisms by which, positive synergies and negative trade-offs between wildlife conservation and climate change mitigation are likely. We find that large animals have the greatest potential to facilitate climate change mitigation at a global scale via three mechanisms: changes in fire regime, especially in previously low-flammability biomes with a new or intensifying fire regime, such as mesic grasslands or warm temperate woodlands; changes in terrestrial albedo, particularly where there is potential to shift from closed canopy to open canopy systems at higher latitudes; and increases in vegetation and soil carbon stocks, especially through a shift towards below-ground carbon pools in temperate, tropical and sub-tropical grassland ecosystems. Large animals also contribute to ecosystem adaptation to climate change by promoting complexity of trophic webs, increasing habitat heterogeneity, enhancing plant dispersal, increasing resistance to abrupt ecosystem change and through microclimate modification.}, }
@article {pmid35231182, year = {2022}, author = {Hartmann, H and Bastos, A and Das, AJ and Esquivel-Muelbert, A and Hammond, WM and Martínez-Vilalta, J and McDowell, NG and Powers, JS and Pugh, TAM and Ruthrof, KX and Allen, CD}, title = {Climate Change Risks to Global Forest Health: Emergence of Unexpected Events of Elevated Tree Mortality Worldwide.}, journal = {Annual review of plant biology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1146/annurev-arplant-102820-012804}, pmid = {35231182}, issn = {1545-2123}, abstract = {Recent observations of elevated tree mortality following climate extremes, like heat and drought, raise concerns about climate change risks to global forest health. We currently lack both sufficient data and understanding to identify whether these observations represent a global trend toward increasing tree mortality. Here, we document events of sudden and unexpected elevated tree mortality following heat and drought events in ecosystems that previously were considered tolerant or not at risk of exposure. These events underscore the fact that climate change may affect forests with unexpected force in the future. We use the events as examples to highlight current difficulties and challenges for realistically predicting such tree mortality events and the uncertainties about future forest condition. Advances in remote sensing technology and greater availably of high-resolution data, from both field assessments and from satellites, are needed to improve both understanding and prediction of forest responses to future climate change. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Plant Biology, Volume 73 is May 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.}, }
@article {pmid35229519, year = {2022}, author = {He, P and Bi, RT and Xu, LS and Wang, JS and Cao, CB}, title = {[Using geographical detection to analyze responses of vegetation growth to climate change in the Loess Pla-teau, China].}, journal = {Ying yong sheng tai xue bao = The journal of applied ecology}, volume = {33}, number = {2}, pages = {448-456}, doi = {10.13287/j.1001-9332.202202.012}, pmid = {35229519}, issn = {1001-9332}, mesh = {China ; *Climate Change ; *Ecosystem ; Meteorological Concepts ; Seasons ; Temperature ; }, abstract = {In order to explore the responses of different vegetation types to climatic change in the Chinese Loess Plateau (CLP), we analzyed the changes of different vegetation types and their relationships with meteorological factors using trend analysis, Hurst index, and geographical detector model based on normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). The results showed that NDVI of different vegetation types from 2002 to 2019 was dominated by a growing trend and codirectional moderate persistence. The NDVI of crops in the built-up and adjacent areas decreased significantly. Except for grassland or meadow that was affected by mixed pixels, the spatial variation of NDVI was significant in the growing season (from April to October). The mean NDVI of different vegetation types followed an oder: coniferous forest > broadleaved forest > scrub > meadow > grassland > crop > steppe > desert. The interactions between meteorological factors were synergistic and non-linear enhancement in the CLP. Moreover, the interaction was more prominent under steppe and desert where habitat was fragile. The synergistic effect of precipitation and temperature had a great influence on all vegetation types. Water vapor, relative humidity, sunshine duration, atmospheric pressure, and wind speed had different explanatory powers on NDVI through indirectly affec-ting hydrothermal conditions.}, }
@article {pmid35228735, year = {2022}, author = {Tollefson, J}, title = {Climate change is hitting the planet faster than scientists originally thought.}, journal = {Nature}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-022-00585-7}, pmid = {35228735}, issn = {1476-4687}, }
@article {pmid35228708, year = {2022}, author = {Brisbois, MC}, title = {Climate change won't wait for future innovation - we need action now.}, journal = {Nature}, volume = {603}, number = {7899}, pages = {9}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-022-00560-2}, pmid = {35228708}, issn = {1476-4687}, }
@article {pmid35228626, year = {2022}, author = {Adhikari, P and Kim, BJ and Hong, SH and Lee, DH}, title = {Climate change induced habitat expansion of nutria (Myocastor coypus) in South Korea.}, journal = {Scientific reports}, volume = {12}, number = {1}, pages = {3300}, pmid = {35228626}, issn = {2045-2322}, support = {2020002990009//Korea Environmental Industry and Technology Institute/ ; 2020002990009//Korea Environmental Industry and Technology Institute/ ; 2020002990009//Korea Environmental Industry and Technology Institute/ ; 2020002990009//Korea Environmental Industry and Technology Institute/ ; }, abstract = {The nutria, (Myocastor coypus), is a semiaquatic rodent native to the subtropical and temperate regions of South America. The species was introduced to South Korea for meat and fur production purposes and a wild population has become established. The species subsequently invaded aquatic ecosystems and destroyed aquatic vegetation and cultivated crops. Thus, it is essential to understand their current distribution and future range expansion for effective control and eradication strategies to reduce the risk of colonization into new regions. In this study, we used niche modeling procedure to identify potentially suitable habitats for M. coypus under current and future predicted climate change using the maximum entropy algorithm. We found that the main habitat area of M. coypus is expected to expand under a warming climate from ~ 4069 km2 in the southern and southeastern regions of South Korea, to the northern border of the country, with estimated ranges of 21,744 km2, 55,859 km2, and 64,937 km2 by 2030, 2050, and 2070, respectively. The findings of the present study assist in identifying the future distribution and potential dispersion routes of M. coypus in South Korea, which is important for informing the government regarding essential management actions plans at regional and local scales.}, }
@article {pmid35226784, year = {2022}, author = {Nadeau, CP and Giacomazzo, A and Urban, MC}, title = {Cool Microrefugia Accumulate and Conserve Biodiversity Under Climate Change.}, journal = {Global change biology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1111/gcb.16143}, pmid = {35226784}, issn = {1365-2486}, abstract = {A major challenge in climate change biology is to explain why the impacts of climate change vary around the globe. Microclimates could explain some of this variation, but climate change biologists often overlook microclimates because they are difficult to map. Here, we map microclimates in a freshwater rock pool ecosystem and evaluate how accounting for microclimates alters predictions of climate change impacts on aquatic invertebrates. We demonstrate that average maximum temperature during the growing season can differ by 9.9 - 11.6°C among microclimates less than a meter apart and this microclimate variation might increase by 21% in the future if deeper pools warm less than shallower pools. Accounting for this microclimate variation significantly alters predictions of climate change impacts on aquatic invertebrates. Predictions that exclude microclimates predict low future occupancy (0.08 - 0.32) and persistence probability (2 - 73%) for cold-adapted taxa, and therefore predict decreases in gamma richness and a substantial shift towards warm-adapted taxa in local communities (i.e., thermophilization). However, predictions incorporating microclimates suggest cool locations will remain suitable for cold-adapted taxa in the future, no change in gamma richness, and 825% less thermophilization. Our models also suggest that cool locations will become suitable for warm-adapted taxa and will therefore accumulate biodiversity in the future, which makes cool locations essential for biodiversity conservation. Simulated protection of the 10 coolest microclimates (9% of locations on the landscape) results in a 100% chance of conserving all focal taxa in the future. In contrast, protecting the 10 currently most biodiverse locations, a commonly employed conservation strategy, results in a 3% chance of conserving all focal taxa in the future. Our study suggests that we must account for microclimates if we hope to understand the future impacts of climate change and design effective conservation strategies to limit biodiversity loss.}, }
@article {pmid35226225, year = {2022}, author = {Sandoval-Martínez, J and Flores-Cano, JA and Badano, EI}, title = {Recruitment of pioneer trees with physically dormant seeds under climate change: the case of Vachellia pennatula (Fabaceae) in semiarid environments of Mexico.}, journal = {Journal of plant research}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, pmid = {35226225}, issn = {1618-0860}, support = {FORDECYT 297525//Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología de México/ ; }, abstract = {Most tree species native to arid and semiarid ecosystems produce seeds with physical dormancy, which have impermeable coats that protect them from desiccation and prevent germination when the environmental conditions are unfavorable for seedling establishment. This dormancy mechanism may confer some degree of tolerance to seeds facing warmer and drier conditions, as those expected in several regions of the world because of climate change. Scarification of these seeds (removal of protective coats) is required for stimulating germination and seedling development. However, as scarification exposes seeds to the external environmental conditions, it can promote desiccation and viability loss in the future. To test these hypotheses, we performed field experiments and sowed scarified and unscarified seeds of a pioneer tree native to semiarid ecosystems of Mesoamerica (Vachellia pennatula) under the current climate and simulated climate change conditions. The experiments were conducted at abandoned fields using open-top chambers to increase temperature and rainout shelters to reduce rainfall. We measured microenvironmental conditions within the experimental plots and monitored seedling emergence and survival during a year. Air temperature and rainfall in climate change simulations approached the values expected for the period 2041-2080. Seedling emergence rates under these climatic conditions were lower than under the current climate. Nevertheless, emergence rates in climate change simulations were even lower for scarified than for unscarified seeds, while the converse occurred under the current climate. On the other hand, although survival rates in climate change simulations were lower than under the current climate, no effects of the scarification treatment were found. In this way, our study suggests that climate change will impair the recruitment of pioneer trees in semiarid environments, even if they produce seeds with physical dormancy, but also indicates that these negative effects will be stronger if seeds are scarified.}, }
@article {pmid35224532, year = {2022}, author = {Kulcar, V and Siller, H and Juen, B}, title = {Discovering emotional patterns for climate change and for the COVID-19 pandemic in university students.}, journal = {The journal of climate change and health}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {100125}, doi = {10.1016/j.joclim.2022.100125}, pmid = {35224532}, issn = {2667-2782}, abstract = {The global crises of climate change and of the COVID-19 pandemic are straining young peoples' mental health and their mitigation behaviours. We surveyed German-speaking university students aged 18 to 30 years on their negative emotions regarding both crises repeatedly before and during the COVID-19 crisis. Different emotional patterns emerged for climate change and for COVID-19 with negative emotions regarding COVID-19 increasing during the pandemic. We were further able to differentiate between emotional responses associated with impaired wellbeing and those associated with mitigation efforts. Our findings emphasise the need to focus on a mixture of highly inactivating and activating emotions regarding COVID-19 as they are associated with both reduced wellbeing and mitigation behaviours. The findings broaden the understanding of how young adults react to the burden of two global crises and what role negative emotions play.}, }
@article {pmid35223359, year = {2022}, author = {Chanza, N and Musakwa, W}, title = {Indigenous local observations and experiences can give useful indicators of climate change in data-deficient regions.}, journal = {Journal of environmental studies and sciences}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {1-13}, doi = {10.1007/s13412-022-00757-x}, pmid = {35223359}, issn = {2190-6483}, abstract = {This study demonstrates that Indigenous local observations and experiences can enrich knowledge of climate change, particularly in data-deficient regions that are not adequately covered by weather stations. Paradoxically, these places host groups of Indigenous Peoples who have rich knowledge about their local climates from their many years of constant interactions with the environment. The study used group-based semi-structured interviews to collaborate with keystone elderly participants who had profound knowledge and lived experiences about observed changes in their local environment (n = 13). These participants were identified through theoretical sampling from four remote Indigenous villages of Mbire District in Zimbabwe. The purpose of the study was to identify indicators of climate change impacts from communities believed not to have been much influenced by the scientific construct of climate change. Results revealed that the locals have a keen interest to closely observe changes occurring in their environment, including finer accounts of experiences with climatic events, owing to their predominantly climate-sensitive livelihoods. These results corroborate existing evidence about a warmer and drier climate and the reported increase in the frequency and severity of drought as well as floods in the area, and add finer details to the changes in ecological, hydrological and human systems, which are not sufficiently reported in existing climate impact studies. We also flagged new observations in biological systems as pointers for further intensive investigation. Given the complexity associated with understanding impacts of climate change and the urgent need to refine knowledge about the same, we argued for perforation of the boundaries of climate science to accommodate enriching perceptions of Indigenous communities who have been religiously observing changes happening in their local environment, albeit being relegated.}, }
@article {pmid35222979, year = {2022}, author = {Zhao, Q and Mi, ZY and Lu, C and Zhang, XF and Chen, LJ and Wang, SQ and Niu, JF and Wang, ZZ}, title = {Predicting potential distribution of Ziziphus spinosa (Bunge) H.H. Hu ex F.H. Chen in China under climate change scenarios.}, journal = {Ecology and evolution}, volume = {12}, number = {2}, pages = {e8629}, doi = {10.1002/ece3.8629}, pmid = {35222979}, issn = {2045-7758}, abstract = {Ziziphus spinosa (Bunge) H.H. Hu ex F.H. Chen is a woody plant species of the family Rhamnaceae (order Rhamnales) that possesses high nutritional and medicinal value. Predicting the effects of climate change on the distribution of Z. spinosa is of great significance for the investigation, protection, and exploitation of this germplasm resource. For this study, optimized maximum entropy models were employed to predict the distribution patterns and changes of its present (1970-2000) and future (2050s, 2070s, and 2090s) potential suitable regions in China under multiple climate scenarios (SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, SSP3-7.0 &amp; SSP5-8.5). The results revealed that the total area of the present potential suitable region for Z. spinosa is 162.60 × 104 km2, which accounts for 16.94% of China's territory. Within this area, the regions having low, medium, and high suitability were 80.14 × 104 km2, 81.50 × 104 km2, and 0.96 × 104 km2, respectively, with the high suitability regions being distributed primarily in Shanxi, Hebei, and Beijing Provinces. Except for SSP-1-2.6-2070s, SSP-5-8.5-2070s, and SSP-5-8.5-2090s, the suitable areas for Z. spinosa in the future increased to different degrees. Meanwhile, considering the distribution of Z. spinosa during different periods and under different climate scenarios, our study predicted that the low impact areas of Z. spinosa were mainly restricted to Shanxi, Shaanxi, Ningxia, Gansu, Liaoning, Inner Mongolia, and Jilin Provinces. The results of core distributional shifts showed that, except for SSP1-2.6, the center of the potential suitable region of Z. spinosa exhibited a trend of gradually shifting to the northwest.}, }
@article {pmid35220772, year = {2022}, author = {Surkovic, E and Vigar, D}, title = {Scientific advice for policymakers on climate change: the role of evidence synthesis.}, journal = {Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences}, volume = {380}, number = {2221}, pages = {20210147}, doi = {10.1098/rsta.2021.0147}, pmid = {35220772}, issn = {1471-2962}, abstract = {Science has a role to play in providing the evidence on both climate change and the solutions to it. In this paper, we look at the nature of expert advice to public policymakers and examine one approach to the synthesis of scientific evidence. We focus on a series of briefings for policymakers that summarize evidence from 12 areas of science and technology which are keys to accelerating progress towards net zero greenhouse gas emissions and resilience to climate change. This article is part of the theme issue 'Developing resilient energy systems'.}, }
@article {pmid35219671, year = {2022}, author = {Moradian, S and Akbari, M and Iglesias, G}, title = {Optimized hybrid ensemble technique for CMIP6 wind data projections under different climate-change scenarios. Case study: United Kingdom.}, journal = {The Science of the total environment}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {154124}, doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154124}, pmid = {35219671}, issn = {1879-1026}, abstract = {Wind energy resources will be impacted by climate change. A novel hybrid ensemble technique is presented to improve long-term wind speed projections using Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) data from global climate models. The technique constructs an optimized system, which relies on a Genetic Algorithm and an Enhanced Colliding Bodies Optimization technique. Next, the performance of the proposed method over a target area (United Kingdom) is evaluated between 1950 and 2014. Finally, to avoid single-valued deterministic projections and mitigate the uncertainties, the improved wind speed data series are investigated considering different climate-change scenarios - the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs) - for the period 2015-2050. The performance of different CMIP6 models is found to differ over time and space. In the target area the data derived from the Hybrid model confirm that extreme wind events will occur more frequently. The monthly mean wind speed is expected to increase from 3.41 m/s during 1950-2014 to 3.60, 3.63, 3.48, 3.59 and 3.61 m/s during the study period in the SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, SSP3-7.0, SSP4-6.0 and SSP5-8.5 climate-change scenarios, respectively. More generally, the results prove that the Hybrid model is highly effective in improving the accuracy, direction and geographical patterns of the data, and this novel method can narrow the potential uncertainties of numerical simulations.}, }
@article {pmid35219665, year = {2022}, author = {Benito, X and Benito, B and Vélez, MI and Salgado, J and Schneider, T and Giosan, L and Nascimiento, M}, title = {Human practices behind the aquatic and terrestrial ecological decoupling to climate change in the tropical Andes.}, journal = {The Science of the total environment}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {154115}, doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154115}, pmid = {35219665}, issn = {1879-1026}, abstract = {Anthropogenic climate change and landscape alteration are two of the most important threats to the terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems of the tropical Americas, thus jeopardizing water and soil resources for millions of people in the Andean nations. Understanding how aquatic ecosystems will respond to anthropogenic stressors and accelerated warming requires shifting from short-term and static to long-term, dynamic characterizations of human-terrestrial-aquatic relationships. Here we use sediment records from Lake Llaviucu, a tropical mountain Andean lake long accessed by Indigenous and post-European societies, and hypothesize that under natural historical conditions (i.e., low human pressure) vegetation and aquatic ecosystems' responses to change are coupled through indirect climate influences-that is, past climate-driven vegetation changes dictated limnological trajectories. We used a multi-proxy paleoecological approach including drivers of terrestrial vegetation change (pollen), soil erosion (Titanium), human activity (agropastoralism indicators), and aquatic responses (diatoms) to estimate assemblage-wide rates of change and model their synchronous and asynchronous (lagged) relationships using Generalized Additive Models. Assemblage-wide rate of change results showed that between ca. 3000 and 400 cal years BP terrestrial vegetation, agropastoralism and diatoms fluctuated along their mean regimes of rate of change without consistent periods of synchronous rapid change. In contrast, positive lagged relationships (i.e., asynchrony) between climate-driven terrestrial pollen changes and diatom responses (i.e., asynchrony) were in operation until ca. 750 cal years BP. Thereafter, positive lagged relationships between agropastoralism and diatom rates of changes dictated the lake trajectory, reflecting the primary control of human practices over the aquatic ecosystem prior European occupation. We interpret that shifts in Indigenous practices (e.g., valley terracing) curtailed nutrient inputs into the lake decoupling the links between climate-driven vegetation changes and the aquatic community. Our results demonstrate how rates of change of anthropogenic and climatic influences can guide dynamic ecological baselines for managing water ecosystem services in the Andes.}, }
@article {pmid35219662, year = {2022}, author = {Virta, L and Teittinen, A}, title = {Threshold effects of climate change on benthic diatom communities: Evaluating impacts of salinity and wind disturbance on functional traits and benthic biomass.}, journal = {The Science of the total environment}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {154130}, doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154130}, pmid = {35219662}, issn = {1879-1026}, abstract = {The responses of biotic communities and ecosystems to climate change may be abrupt and non-linear. Thus, resolving ecological threshold mechanisms is crucial for understanding the consequences of climate change and for improving environmental management. Here, we present a study on the threshold responses of benthic diatom communities that are an important component of all aquatic environments and strongly contribute to global primary production. We reach beyond the taxonomic perspective by focusing on the diversity and functions of diatom communities and benthic biomass along gradients of salinity and wind disturbance, whose climate-change-induced changes have been predicted to strongly affect biotic communities in the marine and brackish systems in the future. To improve the generality of our results, we examine three self-collected datasets from different spatial scales (6-830 km) and ecosystem types. We collected samples from rock pools or from littoral stones and studied taxonomic thresholds using Threshold Indicator Taxa Analysis (TITAN2). We investigated threshold responses of community diversity, community functions, and benthic biomass using t-tests and regression analysis. Our results indicated that decreasing salinity may result in increasing diversity but decreasing biomass of brackish communities, while the effects of increasing wind disturbance were contradictory among spatial scales. Benthic biomass correlated with the taxonomic and functional diversity, as well as with the body size distribution of communities, highlighting the importance of considering community functions and organismal size when predicting ecosystem functions. The most pronounced effects of decreasing salinity and increasing wind disturbance on community functions were changes in the abundance of low-profile diatom species, which, due to the high resilience of low-profile diatoms, may lead to changes in ecosystem functioning and resilience. To conclude, decreasing salinity and increasing wind disturbance may lead to threshold responses of biotic communities, and these changes may have profound effects on ecosystem functioning along marine coastal areas.}, }
@article {pmid35218487, year = {2022}, author = {Qamar, S and Ahmad, M and Oryani, B and Zhang, Q}, title = {Solar energy technology adoption and diffusion by micro, small, and medium enterprises: sustainable energy for climate change mitigation.}, journal = {Environmental science and pollution research international}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, pmid = {35218487}, issn = {1614-7499}, support = {71572115//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 2016WZDXM005//Major Program of Social Science Foundation of Guangdong/ ; GD20CGL28//Guangdong 13thFive-Year-Plan Philosophical and Social Science Fund/ ; 836//Natural Science Foundation of SZU/ ; }, abstract = {This research intends to identify influential factors in adopting and diffusing solar energy technology (SET) by micro-, small-, and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs) in two tehsils of Multan district in Pakistan's Punjab province. To this end, the influential factors are identified through studying literature surveys and conducting questionnaires. Following that, partial least squares-based path modeling is employed. The results showed that (1) enterprises' size, perceived SET's ease of use, and perceived SET's reliability are the top three driving factors. (2) The perceived SET's price, perceived level of competition's pressure, and MSME's energy cost intensity are the barriers to the adoption and diffusion of SET, while the lack of technical knowledge about SET is a neutral factor. (3) Perceived SET's price, MSMEs' energy cost intensity, and enterprises' size are among the most important factors based on the effect size and path coefficients, while the lack of technical knowledge about SET, preferences of MSMEs' customers, and eco-labels and green stickers have lower importance. Since the adoption of SET is a rational decision that is concretely dependent on economic incentives, it is recommended to lower the price of SET to scale up the adoption and diffusion of SET by Pakistani MSMEs.}, }
@article {pmid35216108, year = {2022}, author = {Singh, A and Mehta, S and Yadav, S and Nagar, G and Ghosh, R and Roy, A and Chakraborty, A and Singh, IK}, title = {How to Cope with the Challenges of Environmental Stresses in the Era of Global Climate Change: An Update on ROS Stave off in Plants.}, journal = {International journal of molecular sciences}, volume = {23}, number = {4}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3390/ijms23041995}, pmid = {35216108}, issn = {1422-0067}, support = {CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/ 15_003/0000433//Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech university of life Sciences/ ; }, abstract = {With the advent of human civilization and anthropogenic activities in the shade of urbanization and global climate change, plants are exposed to a complex set of abiotic stresses. These stresses affect plants' growth, development, and yield and cause enormous crop losses worldwide. In this alarming scenario of global climate conditions, plants respond to such stresses through a highly balanced and finely tuned interaction between signaling molecules. The abiotic stresses initiate the quick release of reactive oxygen species (ROS) as toxic by-products of altered aerobic metabolism during different stress conditions at the cellular level. ROS includes both free oxygen radicals {superoxide (O2•-) and hydroxyl (OH-)} as well as non-radicals [hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and singlet oxygen (1O2)]. ROS can be generated and scavenged in different cell organelles and cytoplasm depending on the type of stimulus. At high concentrations, ROS cause lipid peroxidation, DNA damage, protein oxidation, and necrosis, but at low to moderate concentrations, they play a crucial role as secondary messengers in intracellular signaling cascades. Because of their concentration-dependent dual role, a huge number of molecules tightly control the level of ROS in cells. The plants have evolved antioxidants and scavenging machinery equipped with different enzymes to maintain the equilibrium between the production and detoxification of ROS generated during stress. In this present article, we have focused on current insights on generation and scavenging of ROS during abiotic stresses. Moreover, the article will act as a knowledge base for new and pivotal studies on ROS generation and scavenging.}, }
@article {pmid35215092, year = {2022}, author = {Bautista-Garfias, CR and Castañeda-Ramírez, GS and Estrada-Reyes, ZM and Soares, FEF and Ventura-Cordero, J and González-Pech, PG and Morgan, ER and Soria-Ruiz, J and López-Guillén, G and Aguilar-Marcelino, L}, title = {A Review of the Impact of Climate Change on the Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Nematode Infections in Small Ruminants and Wildlife in Tropical Conditions.}, journal = {Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland)}, volume = {11}, number = {2}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3390/pathogens11020148}, pmid = {35215092}, issn = {2076-0817}, abstract = {Climate change is causing detrimental changes in living organisms, including pathogens. This review aimed to determine how climate change has impacted livestock system management, and consequently, what factors influenced the gastrointestinal nematodes epidemiology in small ruminants under tropical conditions. The latter is orientated to find out the possible solutions responding to climate change adverse effects. Climate factors that affect the patterns of transmission of gastrointestinal parasites of domesticated ruminants are reviewed. Climate change has modified the behavior of several animal species, including parasites. For this reason, new control methods are required for controlling parasitic infections in livestock animals. After a pertinent literature analysis, conclusions and perspectives of control are given.}, }
@article {pmid35214838, year = {2022}, author = {Mevy, JP and Biryol, C and Boiteau-Barral, M and Miglietta, F}, title = {The Optical Response of a Mediterranean Shrubland to Climate Change: Hyperspectral Reflectance Measurements during Spring.}, journal = {Plants (Basel, Switzerland)}, volume = {11}, number = {4}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3390/plants11040505}, pmid = {35214838}, issn = {2223-7747}, abstract = {Remote sensing techniques in terms of monitoring plants' responses to environmental constraints have gained much attention during recent decades. Among these constraints, climate change appears to be one of the major challenges in the Mediterranean region. In this study, the main goal was to determine how field spectrometry could improve remote sensing study of a Mediterranean shrubland submitted to climate aridification. We provided the spectral signature of three common plants of the Mediterranean garrigue: Cistus albidus, Quercus coccifera, and Rosmarinus officinalis. The pattern of these spectra changed depending on the presence of a neighboring plant species and water availability. Indeed, the normalized water absorption reflectance (R975/R900) tended to decrease for each species in trispecific associations (11-26%). This clearly indicates that multispecific plant communities will better resist climate aridification compared to monospecific stands. While Q. coccifera seemed to be more sensible to competition for water resources, C. albidus exhibited a facilitation effect on R. officinalis in trispecific assemblage. Among the 17 vegetation indices tested, we found that the pigment pheophytinization index (NPQI) was a relevant parameter to characterize plant-plant coexistence. This work also showed that some vegetation indices known as indicators of water and pigment contents could also discriminate plant associations, namely RGR (Red Green Ratio), WI (Water Index), Red Edge Model, NDWI1240 (Normalized Difference Water Index), and PRI (Photochemical Reflectance Index). The latter was shown to be linearly and negatively correlated to the ratio of R975/R900, an indicator of water status.}, }
@article {pmid35213811, year = {2022}, author = {Rabin, AS and Harlan, EA and Ambinder, AJ}, title = {Small Devices, Big Problems: Addressing the Global Warming Potential of Metered Dose Inhalers.}, journal = {Annals of the American Thoracic Society}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1513/AnnalsATS.202202-131VP}, pmid = {35213811}, issn = {2325-6621}, }
@article {pmid35212713, year = {2022}, author = {Collette, JC and Sommerville, KD and Lyons, MB and Offord, CA and Errington, G and Newby, ZJ and von Richter, L and Emery, NJ}, title = {Stepping up to the thermogradient plate: a data framework for predicting seed germination under climate change.}, journal = {Annals of botany}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1093/aob/mcac026}, pmid = {35212713}, issn = {1095-8290}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Seed germination is strongly influenced by environmental temperatures. With global temperatures predicted to rise, the timing of germination for thousands of plant species could change, leading to potential decreases in fitness and ecosystem-wide impacts. The thermogradient plate (TGP) is a powerful but underutilised research tool that tests germination under a broad range of constant and alternating temperatures, giving researchers the ability to predict germination characteristics using current and future climates. Previously, limitations surrounding experimental design and data analysis methods have discouraged its use in seed biology research.<br><br>METHODS: Here, we have developed a freely available R script that uses TGP data to analyse seed germination responses to temperature. We illustrate this analysis framework using three example species: Wollemia nobilis, Callitris baileyi and Alectryon subdentatus. The script generates over 40 germination indices including germination rates and final germination across each cell of the TGP. These indices are then used to populate generalised additive models and predict germination under current and future monthly maximum and minimum temperatures anywhere on the globe.<br><br>KEY RESULTS: In our study species, modelled data was highly correlated with observed data, allowing confident predictions of monthly germination patterns for current and future climates. W. nobilis germinated across a broad range of temperatures and was relatively unaffected by predicted future temperatures. In contrast, C. baileyi and A. subdentatus showed strong seasonal temperature responses, and the timing for peak germination was predicted to seasonally shift under future temperatures.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Our experimental workflow is a leap forward in the analysis of TGP experiments, increasing its many potential benefits, thereby improving research predictions and providing substantial information to inform management and conservation of plant species globally.}, }
@article {pmid35212084, year = {2022}, author = {Bringloe, TT and Wilkinson, DP and Goldsmit, J and Savoie, AM and Filbee-Dexter, K and Macgregor, KA and Howland, KL and McKindsey, CW and Verbruggen, H}, title = {Arctic marine forest distribution models showcase potentially severe habitat losses for cryophilic species under climate change.}, journal = {Global change biology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1111/gcb.16142}, pmid = {35212084}, issn = {1365-2486}, abstract = {The Arctic is among the fastest warming areas of the globe. Understanding the impact of climate change on foundational Arctic marine species is needed to provide insight on ecological resilience at high latitudes. Marine forests, the underwater seascapes formed by seaweeds, are predicted to expand their ranges further north in the Arctic in a warmer climate. Here, we investigated whether northern habitat gains will compensate for losses at the southern range edge by modelling marine forest distributions according to three distribution categories: cryophilic (species restricted to the Arctic environment), cryotolerant (species with broad environmental preferences inclusive but not limited to the Arctic environment), and cryophobic (species restricted to temperate conditions) marine forests. Using stacked MaxEnt models, we predicted the current extent of suitable habitat for contemporary and future marine forests under Representative Concentration Pathway Scenarios of increasing emissions (2.6, 4.5, 6.0, and 8.5). Our analyses indicate that cryophilic marine forests are already ubiquitous in the north, and thus cannot expand their range under climate change, resulting in overall loss of habitat due to severe southern range contractions. The extent of marine forests within the Arctic basin, however, is predicted to remain largely stable under climate change with notable exceptions in some areas, particularly in the Canadian Archipelago. Succession may occur where cryophilic and cryotolerant species are extirpated at their southern range edge, resulting in ecosystem shifts towards temperate regimes at mid to high latitudes, though many aspects of these shifts, such as total biomass and depth range, remain to be field validated. Our results provide the first global synthesis of predicted changes to pan-Arctic coastal marine forest ecosystems under climate change, and suggest ecosystem transitions are unavoidable now for some areas.}, }
@article {pmid35211787, year = {2022}, author = {Mawa, Z and Hossain, MY and Hasan, MR and Rahman, MA and Tanjin, S and Ohtomi, J}, title = {Life history traits of Mystus vittatus in the Ganges River, Bangladesh: recommendation for its sustainable management considering climate change.}, journal = {International journal of biometeorology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1007/s00484-022-02249-7}, pmid = {35211787}, issn = {1432-1254}, abstract = {Freshwater catfishes are regarded primarily as a source of food and sport, so they are highly valuable economically. We comprehensively studied life history features of Mystus vittatus, including sex ratio (SR), population structure, growth pattern, condition, form factor (a3.0), sexual maturity (Lm), spawning season, fecundity, mortality (i.e., total mortality (Z), natural-mortality (MW), and fishing mortality (F)), optimum catchable length (Lopt), length at first capture (Lc), and environmental factors (temperature and rainfall) with management policies from the Ganges River during July 2017 to June 2018. SR (1:1.48) differed noticeably from the expected 1:1 ratio (p < 0.05). Total length (TL) ranged from 6.80-16.00 cm for males and 6.53-18.80 cm for females. The growth was negative allometric for both sexes. Fulton's condition factor was the best one and mean relative weight showed no significant difference from 100 for both sexes that indicates balanced population. Lm was 9.60, 9.70, and 8.80 cm based on the gonadosomatic index (GSI), logistic, and maximum length (Lmax), respectively. Spawning season was April to September and the peak was May to July. Fecundity varied from 5942 to 49,852 (mean ± SD, 11,898 ± 5028) and a positively correlated with TL and BW. Z was 1.80 year-1, Mw was 0.97 year-1, and F was 0.83 year-1. Lopt was 11.14 cm (TL) and Lc was ~ 8.47 cm (TL). Temperature and rainfall both were significantly related with GSI and suitable range of temperature and rainfall for spawning of M. vittatus was 28-34 °C and 200-390 mm, respectively. Long data series pointed that average air temperature was increasing and rainfall was decreasing. By considering all of the above parameters, we can take the proper management actions for M. vittatus and other freshwater catfishes on the Indian sub-continent, to ensure long-term self-sustainability and sustainable harvest for the benefit of fishers and communities.}, }
@article {pmid35211437, year = {2022}, author = {El Khayat, M and Halwani, DA and Hneiny, L and Alameddine, I and Haidar, MA and Habib, RR}, title = {Impacts of Climate Change and Heat Stress on Farmworkers' Health: A Scoping Review.}, journal = {Frontiers in public health}, volume = {10}, number = {}, pages = {782811}, doi = {10.3389/fpubh.2022.782811}, pmid = {35211437}, issn = {2296-2565}, abstract = {Due to the continuous rise of global temperatures and heatwaves worldwide as a result of climate change, concerns for the health and safety of working populations have increased. Workers in the food production chain, particularly farmworkers, are especially vulnerable to heat stress due to the strenuous nature of their work, which is performed primarily outdoors under poor working conditions. At the cross-section of climate change and farmworkers' health, a scoping review was undertaken to summarize the existing knowledge regarding the health impacts associated with climate change and heat stress, guide future research toward better understanding current and future climate change risks, and inform policies to protect the health and safety of agricultural workers. A systematic search of 5 electronic databases and gray literature websites was conducted to identify relevant literature published up until December 2021. A total of 9045 records were retrieved from the searches, of which 92 articles were included in the final review. The majority of the reviewed articles focused on heat-related illnesses (n = 57) and kidney diseases (n = 28). The risk factors identified in the reviewed studies included gender, dehydration, heat strain, wearing inappropriate clothing, workload, piece-rate payment, job decision latitude, and hot environmental conditions. On the other hand, various protective and preventive factors were identified including drinking water, changing work hours and schedule of activities, wearing appropriate clothing, reducing soda consumption, taking breaks in shaded or air-conditioned areas, and increasing electrolyte consumption in addition to improving access to medical care. This review also identified various factors that are unique to vulnerable agricultural populations, including migrant and child farmworkers. Our findings call for an urgent need to expand future research on vulnerable agricultural communities including migrant workers so as to develop effective policies and interventions that can protect these communities from the effects of heat stress.}, }
@article {pmid35211129, year = {2021}, author = {Tominaga, A and Ito, A and Sugiura, T and Yamane, H}, title = {How Is Global Warming Affecting Fruit Tree Blooming? "Flowering (Dormancy) Disorder" in Japanese Pear (Pyrus pyrifolia) as a Case Study.}, journal = {Frontiers in plant science}, volume = {12}, number = {}, pages = {787638}, doi = {10.3389/fpls.2021.787638}, pmid = {35211129}, issn = {1664-462X}, abstract = {Recent climate change has resulted in warmer temperatures. Warmer temperatures from autumn to spring has negatively affected dormancy progression, cold (de)acclimation, and cold tolerance in various temperate fruit trees. In Japan, a physiological disorder known as flowering disorder, which is an erratic flowering and bud break disorder, has recently emerged as a serious problem in the production of the pome fruit tree, Japanese (Asian) pear (Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai). Due to global warming, the annual temperature in Japan has risen markedly since the 1990s. Surveys of flowering disorder in field-grown and greenhouse-grown Japanese pear trees over several years have indicated that flowering disorder occurs in warmer years and cultivation conditions, and the risk of flowering disorder occurrence is higher at lower latitudes than at higher latitudes. Susceptibility to flowering disorder is linked to changes in the transcript levels of putative dormancy/flowering regulators such as DORMANCY-ASSOCIATED MADS-box (DAM) and FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT). On the basis of published studies, we conclude that autumn-winter warm temperatures cause flowering disorder through affecting cold acclimation, dormancy progression, and floral bud maturation. Additionally, warm conditions also decrease carbohydrate accumulation in shoots, leading to reduced tree vigor. We propose that all these physiological and metabolic changes due to the lack of chilling during the dormancy phase interact to cause flowering disorder in the spring. We also propose that the process of chilling exposure rather than the total amount of chilling may be important for the precise control of dormancy progression and robust blooming, which in turn suggests the necessity of re-evaluation of the characteristics of cultivar-dependent chilling requirement trait. A full understanding of the molecular and metabolic regulatory mechanisms of both dormancy completion (floral bud maturation) and dormancy break (release from the repression of bud break) will help to clarify the physiological basis of dormancy-related physiological disorder and also provide useful strategies to mitigate or overcome it under global warming.}, }
@article {pmid35210245, year = {2022}, author = {Rashid, A}, title = {Yonder: International medical graduates, genetics at end-of-life, climate change, and paediatric antibiotic prescribing in China.}, journal = {The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners}, volume = {72}, number = {716}, pages = {127}, doi = {10.3399/bjgp22X718733}, pmid = {35210245}, issn = {1478-5242}, }
@article {pmid35206433, year = {2022}, author = {Graham, H and Harrison, A and Lampard, P}, title = {Public Perceptions of Climate Change and Its Health Impacts: Taking Account of People's Exposure to Floods and Air Pollution.}, journal = {International journal of environmental research and public health}, volume = {19}, number = {4}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3390/ijerph19042246}, pmid = {35206433}, issn = {1660-4601}, support = {PR_PRU_1217_20901//National Institute for Health Research/ ; }, abstract = {Climate change-related exposures such as flooding and ambient air pollution place people's health at risk. A representative UK survey of adults investigated associations between reported flooding and air pollution (in the participants' local area, by the participant personally, and/or by family and close friends) and climate change concerns (CCC) and perceptions of its health impacts (PIH). In regression analyses controlling for socio-demographic factors and health status, exposure was associated with greater CCC and more negative PIH. Compared to those with low CCC, participants who reported local-area exposure were significantly more likely to be fairly (OR 2.07, 95%CI 1.26, 3.40) or very concerned (OR 3.40, 95%CI 2.02, 5.71). Odds of greater CCC were higher for those reporting personal and/or family exposure ('fairly concerned': OR 2.83, 95%CI 1.20, 6.66; 'very concerned': OR 4.11, 95%CI 1.69, 10.05) and for those reporting both local and personal/family exposure ('fairly concerned': OR 3.35, 95%CI 1.99, 5.63; 'very concerned': OR 6.17, 95%CI 3.61, 10.55). For PIH, local exposure significantly increased the odds of perceiving impacts as 'more bad than good' (1.86, 95%CI 1.22, 2.82) or 'entirely bad' (OR 1.88; 95%CI 1.13, 3.13). Our study suggests that public awareness of climate-related exposures in their local area, together with personal exposures and those of significant others, are associated with heightened concern about climate change and its health impacts.}, }
@article {pmid35205187, year = {2022}, author = {Morley, SA and Souster, TA and Vause, BJ and Gerrish, L and Peck, LS and Barnes, DKA}, title = {Benthic Biodiversity, Carbon Storage and the Potential for Increasing Negative Feedbacks on Climate Change in Shallow Waters of the Antarctic Peninsula.}, journal = {Biology}, volume = {11}, number = {2}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3390/biology11020320}, pmid = {35205187}, issn = {2079-7737}, support = {core funding to the British Antarctic Survey//Natural Environment Research Council/ ; }, abstract = {The importance of cold-water blue carbon as biological carbon pumps that sequester carbon into ocean sediments is now being realised. Most polar blue carbon research to date has focussed on deep water, yet the highest productivity is in the shallows. This study measured the functional biodiversity and carbon standing stock accumulated by shallow-water (<25 m) benthic assemblages on both hard and soft substrata on the Antarctic Peninsula (WAP, 67° S). Soft substrata benthic assemblages (391 ± 499 t C km-2) contained 60% less carbon than hard substrata benthic assemblages (648 ± 909). In situ observations of substrata by SCUBA divers provided estimates of 59% hard (4700 km) and 12% soft (960 km) substrata on seasonally ice-free shores of the Antarctic Peninsula, giving an estimate of 253,000 t C at 20 m depth, with a sequestration potential of ~4500 t C year-1. Currently, 54% of the shoreline is permanently ice covered and so climate-mediated ice loss along the Peninsula is predicted to more than double this carbon sink. The steep fjordic shorelines make these assemblages a globally important pathway to sequestration, acting as one of the few negative (mitigating) feedbacks to climate change. The proposed WAP marine protected area could safeguard this ecosystem service, helping to tackle the climate and biodiversity crises.}, }
@article {pmid35202234, year = {2022}, author = {Martins, I and Soares, J and Neuparth, T and Barreiro, AF and Xavier, C and Antunes, C and Santos, MM}, title = {Prioritizing the Effects of Emerging Contaminants on Estuarine Production under Global Warming Scenarios.}, journal = {Toxics}, volume = {10}, number = {2}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3390/toxics10020046}, pmid = {35202234}, issn = {2305-6304}, support = {UIDB/04423/2020 and UIDP/04423/2020//Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia/ ; NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000035]//FEDER/ ; 0725_NOR_WATER_1_P/(POCTEP) 2014-2020//INTERREG/ ; 10/SI/2016 - I&amp;DT Empresarial//ValorMar/ ; }, abstract = {Due to non-linear interactions, the effects of contaminant mixtures on aquatic ecosystems are difficult to assess, especially under temperature rise that will likely exacerbate the complexity of the responses. Yet, under the current climatic crisis, assessing the effects of water contaminants and temperature is paramount to understanding the biological impacts of mixtures of stressors on aquatic ecosystems. Here, we use an ecosystem model followed by global sensitivity analysis (GSA) to prioritize the effects of four single emerging contaminants (ECs) and their mixture, combined with two temperature rise scenarios, on the biomass production of a NE Atlantic estuary. Scenarios ran for 10 years with a time-step of 0.1 days. The results indicate that macroinvertebrate biomass was significantly explained by the effect of each single EC and by their mixture but not by temperature. Globally, the most adverse effects were induced by two ECs and by the mixture of the four ECs, although the sensitivity of macroinvertebrates to the tested scenarios differed. Overall, the present approach is useful to prioritize the effects of stressors and assess the sensitivity of the different trophic groups within food webs, which may be of relevance to support decision making linked to the sustainable management of estuaries and other aquatic systems.}, }
@article {pmid35199917, year = {2022}, author = {Stewart, PS and Voskamp, A and Santini, L and Biber, MF and Devenish, AJM and Hof, C and Willis, SG and Tobias, JA}, title = {Global impacts of climate change on avian functional diversity.}, journal = {Ecology letters}, volume = {25}, number = {3}, pages = {673-685}, doi = {10.1111/ele.13830}, pmid = {35199917}, issn = {1461-0248}, support = {NE/I028068/1//Natural Environment Research Council/ ; NE/P004512/1//Natural Environment Research Council/ ; }, abstract = {Climate change is predicted to drive geographical range shifts, leading to fluctuations in species richness (SR) worldwide. However, the effect of these changes on functional diversity (FD) remains unclear, in part because comprehensive species-level trait data are generally lacking at global scales. Here, we use morphometric and ecological traits for 8268 bird species to estimate the impact of climate change on avian FD. We show that future bird assemblages are likely to undergo substantial shifts in trait structure, with a magnitude of change greater than predicted from SR alone, and a direction of change varying according to geographical location and trophic guild. For example, our models predict that FD of insect predators will increase at higher latitudes with concurrent losses at mid-latitudes, whereas FD of seed dispersing birds will fluctuate across the tropics. Our findings highlight the potential for climate change to drive continental-scale shifts in avian FD with implications for ecosystem function and resilience.}, }
@article {pmid35198773, year = {2022}, author = {Mekonnen, Z}, title = {Intra-household gender disparity: effects on climate change adaptation in Arsi Negele district, Ethiopia.}, journal = {Heliyon}, volume = {8}, number = {2}, pages = {e08908}, doi = {10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e08908}, pmid = {35198773}, issn = {2405-8440}, abstract = {Women empowerment in agriculture influences adaptation capacity to climate change impacts. Women are disempowered in rural households. This affects household's adaptive capacity to climate change negatively. Household survey, focus group discussion, key informant interview and workshop were used to track stakeholders' opinions on gender disparity in agriculture and policy issues. The objective of the study was to assess the gender parity index in agriculture, resource governance patterns and how these impact the capacity to climate change adaptation. The results show wives were imparity with their husbands. The parity gap on ownership, access to, and decision-making power over agricultural equipment was as wide as 59% and this affects women's adaptation capacity to climate change impacts. Indeed, 94% of the coupled households have got their land by redistribution and inheritance land acquisition forms by which both forms of acquiring land favored the husband. Half of the respondent households acknowledged that they have already acquired certification for their farmlands. However, the certification was mostly given by the names of husbands and in few cases by both. Certification of farmlands by the name of a wife and a husband has built confidence on ownership and manage their farmlands. This has helped a household to better adapt climate change impacts. Gender disparity in agricultural productive resources combined with policy and cultural distortions could exacerbate household's vulnerability to the impacts of climate change. This indicates the need for gender mainstreaming in climate change policy reforms and formulation so as to empower women and build their adaptive capacity.}, }
@article {pmid35198622, year = {2022}, author = {Nwobodo, CE and Nwokolo, B and Iwuchukwu, JC and Ohagwu, VA and Ozioko, RI}, title = {Determinants of Ruminant Farmers' Use of Sustainable Production Practices for Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation in Enugu State, Nigeria.}, journal = {Frontiers in veterinary science}, volume = {9}, number = {}, pages = {735139}, doi = {10.3389/fvets.2022.735139}, pmid = {35198622}, issn = {2297-1769}, abstract = {A sustainable ruminant production system ensures economically viable livestock systems that meet the current and future demands of animal products as well as the environmental safety of current and future generations. The study analyzed the determinants of ruminant farmers' use of sustainable production practices for climate change adaptation and mitigation in Enugu State, Nigeria. Multistage sampling procedure was used to select ninety six (96) ruminant farmers that constituted the sample for the study. Semi-structured interview schedule with open ended questions was used in data collection. Data were analyzed using multiple regression and Pearson Moment Correlation statistics. Access to veterinary services (t = 2.056, p = 0.044), monthly household income (t = 3.582, p = 0.001) and annual income from ruminant production (t = -2.635, p = 0.011) were socio-economic factors that significantly influenced use of sustainable practices. The adjusted R- square implies that the three factors were able to explain 24% of variance in use of sustainable practices. There is a significant positive correlation (r = 0.426, p = 0.000) between knowledge level of farmers and their use of sustainable production practices. Schemes for financial inclusion such as payment for ecosystem services can spur farmers to adopt mitigation strategies. Improved climate change knowledge can enhance ruminant farmer's resilience to the increasing impacts of climate change.}, }
@article {pmid35197745, year = {2022}, author = {Hussain, I and Ali, M and Ghoneim, AM and Shahzad, K and Farooq, O and Iqbal, S and Nawaz, F and Ahmad, S and Bárek, V and Brestic, M and Al Obaid, S and Fahad, S and Danish, S and Taban, S and Akça, H and Datta, R}, title = {Improvement in growth and yield attributes of cluster bean through optimization of sowing time and plant spacing under climate change scenario.}, journal = {Saudi journal of biological sciences}, volume = {29}, number = {2}, pages = {781-792}, doi = {10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.11.018}, pmid = {35197745}, issn = {1319-562X}, abstract = {Cluster bean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.) yield has plateaued due to reduction in rainfall and rise in temperature. Therefore, its production cycle could not get appropriate water and temperature. It becomes important to standardize the sowing time and plant spacing of cluster beans in changing climate scenarios to get higher productivity. Therefore, a field study was conducted in 2019 at the Research area of MNS-University of Agriculture, Multan, Pakistan to evaluate the effect of four sowing times (15th May, 1st June, 15th June, and 1st July) and three plant spacings (10, 12 and 15 cm) on crop growth, yield, and physiological functions of cluster bean genotype BR-2017 under split plot arrangement under randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The sowing times (15th May, 1st June, 15th June, and 1st July) were placed in the main plot, while plant spacing (10, 12 and 15 cm) was maintained in subplots. The significant effect of sowing time and plant spacing was observed on pod plant-1, pod length, grain yield, and 1000-grain weight. Results showed that 1st June sowing performed better over 15th May, 15th June, and 1st July, while plant spacing 15 cm about in all sowing times showed higher results on growth and yield parameters of cluster bean over plant spacing 10, 12, and 15 cm. The 1st June sowing time at 15 cm plant spacing showed 8.0, 22.7, and 28.5% higher grains pod-1 than 15th May, 15th June, and 1st July sowing, respectively. Maximum grain yield was observed on 1st June in all three spacings (10, 12, and 15 cm). The chord diagram indicates that the crop has received optimum environmental conditions when sown 1st June over other sowing times. In conclusion, 1st June sowing with 15 cm plant spacing could be a good option to achieve maximum productivity of cluster bean under changing climate scenario.}, }
@article {pmid35197275, year = {2022}, author = {Sindall, R and Mecrow, T and Queiroga, AC and Boyer, C and Koon, W and Peden, AE}, title = {Drowning risk and climate change: a state-of-the-art review.}, journal = {Injury prevention : journal of the International Society for Child and Adolescent Injury Prevention}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1136/injuryprev-2021-044486}, pmid = {35197275}, issn = {1475-5785}, abstract = {Drowning and climate change are both significant global health threats, yet little research links climate change to drowning risk. Research into the epidemiology, risk factors and preventive strategies for unintentional drowning in high-income and in low-income and middle-income countries has expanded understanding, but understanding of disaster and extreme weather-related drowning needs research focus. As nation states and researchers call for action on climate change, its impact on drowning has been largely ignored. This state-of-the-art review considers existing literature on climate change as a contributor to changes in drowning risks globally. Using selected climate change-related risks identified by the World Meteorological Organization and key risks to the Sustainable Development Goals as a framework, we consider the drowning risks associated with heat waves, hydrometeorological hazards, drought and water scarcity, damaged infrastructure, marine ecosystem collapse, displacement, and rising poverty and inequality. Although the degree of atmospheric warming remains uncertain, the impact of climate change on drowning risk is already taking place and can no longer be ignored. Greater evidence characterising the links between drowning and climate change across both high-income and low-income and middle-income contexts is required, and the implementation and evaluation of drowning interventions must reflect climate change risks at a local level, accounting for both geographical variation and the consequences of inequality. Furthermore, collaboration between the injury prevention, disaster risk reduction and climate change mitigation sectors is crucial to both prevent climate change from stalling progress on preventing drowning and further advocate for climate change mitigation as a drowning risk reduction mechanism.}, }
@article {pmid35196891, year = {2022}, author = {Macheka, L and Mudiwa, T and Chopera, P and Nyamwanza, A and Jacobs, P}, title = {Linking Climate Change Adaptation Strategies and Nutrition Outcomes: A Conceptual Framework.}, journal = {Food and nutrition bulletin}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {3795721221078362}, doi = {10.1177/03795721221078362}, pmid = {35196891}, issn = {1564-8265}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: The relationship between climate adaptation strategies and nutrition security is poorly understood and often unclear. Although several adaptation strategies have been implemented to mitigate the impact of climate change, there is still a lack of conclusive evidence or studies on the interrelationships between adopted climate change adaptation strategies and nutrition outcomes.<br><br>OBJECTIVE: This study aimed at developing a conceptual framework that links climate change, adaptation strategies and nutrition and show the indicators that can be used to assess the impact of climate adaptation strategies on nutrition.<br><br>METHODOLOGY: The proposed conceptual framework was developed through a literature review.<br><br>RESULTS: A generic conceptual framework that could be used to assess the impact of adopted climate change adaptation strategies on nutrition outcomes was developed. The framework consists of 5 key elements: Agro-food system, context characteristics, adaptation strategies, climatic shocks and stress, and system output. The principles used in designing the conceptual framework include systems approach, contingency theory, and system output.<br><br>CONCLUSION: The developed framework offers a channel to evaluate adopted climate change adaptation strategies and their impact on nutrition outcomes. Such a conceptual framework can also be used in selecting and identifying more suitable climate adaptation strategies given specific contextual environments.}, }
@article {pmid35195785, year = {2022}, author = {Haji, M and Bakuza, JS}, title = {Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment for the Rondo Dwarf Galago in Coastal Forests, Tanzania.}, journal = {Environmental management}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, pmid = {35195785}, issn = {1432-1009}, abstract = {Negative effects of climate change on organisms and their habitats pose significant conservation challenges especially for species already under siege from other threats like habitat loss, pollution and diseases. This study assessed the extent to which the Rondo dwarf galago (Paragalago rondoensis), an endangered primate in the coastal forests in eastern Tanzania is threatened by climate change. Past and projected temperature and precipitation records from Tanzania Meteorological Authority were overlaid with P. rondoensis distribution range to assess the species exposure to climate extremes. Traits predisposing it to climate change were also obtained from published literature and experts on the organism's biology to determine its sensitivity. The P. rondoensis vulnerability to climate change was obtained by feeding exposure and sensitivity data into Natureserve's Climate Change Vulnerability Index (CCVI) software. Results indicated that most of Rondo galago's habitat and distribution range will be exposed to a temperature increase of 1 to 1.3 °C by 2050, which if combined with other threats, is likely to further endanger the species survival. Due to its diet specialization on insects, which are moisture-dependent, any extreme decrease in humidity will reduce its diet availability thereby threatening the species further. Moreover, Rondo galago's limited habitats and distribution range in the East African tropical coastal forests, raises the species threat level. Rondo galago's conservation should be enhanced through creation of corridors to facilitate its possible shifts to conducive and safer habitats in the event of extreme weather. Climate change aspects should also be integrated into the species conservation strategies.}, }
@article {pmid35195666, year = {2022}, author = {Obradovich, N and Minor, K}, title = {Identifying and Preparing for the Mental Health Burden of Climate Change.}, journal = {JAMA psychiatry}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2021.4280}, pmid = {35195666}, issn = {2168-6238}, }
@article {pmid35194388, year = {2022}, author = {Karki, G and Bhatta, B and Devkota, NR and Acharya, RP and Kunwar, RM}, title = {Climate change adaptation (CCA) research in Nepal: implications for the advancement of adaptation planning.}, journal = {Mitigation and adaptation strategies for global change}, volume = {27}, number = {3}, pages = {18}, doi = {10.1007/s11027-021-09991-0}, pmid = {35194388}, issn = {1573-1596}, abstract = {Climate change has become one of the most compelling fields of empirical research over the last couple of decades, partly due to its socio-economic impacts. Using a meta-analysis of 235 peer-reviewed articles published between January 2010 and July 2020, this paper appraises climate change adaptation (CCA) research in Nepal and draws lessons for future adaptation planning. The number of research is observed to have increased significantly in recent years (2015-2020) although there is no consistent pattern over the review period and at the thematic level. Findings submit that the agriculture and food security has the highest number of publications (37%) followed by gender equality and social inclusion (18%) and forest, biodiversity and watershed management (16%). There are no studies found in rural and urban settlement theme. Geographic distribution of CCA studies revealed that over 40% studies were carried out from central Nepal, while no study was conducted in ten districts of eastern and western Nepal. The study focus was also discrete, and the perception and attitude and impact assessment of climate change were common agendas; however, the drivers of change and options for adaptation were understudied. CCA with multipronged initiatives provide a broader understanding of dynamics and governance of climate change that not only affects rural livelihoods, but also influences regional and global environments and biodiversity.<br><br>Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11027-021-09991-0.}, }
@article {pmid35194299, year = {2022}, author = {Ikehi, ME and Ifeanyieze, FO and Onu, FM and Ejiofor, TE and Nwankwo, CU}, title = {Assessing climate change mitigation and adaptation strategies and agricultural innovation systems in the Niger Delta.}, journal = {GeoJournal}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {1-16}, doi = {10.1007/s10708-022-10596-6}, pmid = {35194299}, issn = {0343-2521}, abstract = {Climate change and its impacts on agriculture have been widely discussed at national and global levels. An important aspect of the discussion has been adaptation/mitigation approaches. Consequently, several strategies have been suggested as measures to ensure agriculture remains productively profitable. However, food security especially in critical times, such as the lockdown during the COVID-19 pandemic proved to be a challenge even for regions naturally endowed for agriculture. The study evaluated research recommended strategies, and further examined the innovativeness of the strategies in fostering sustainable agricultural innovation system (AIS) in the Niger Delta. The study relied on both secondary and primary data; analysed 129 previous studies and gathered responses from 282 extension agents. The study introduces a method for assessing the innovativeness of strategies by calculating their rated values on five traits. Findings revealed the issues and implications of adopting most recommended strategies and the place of most strategies in fostering AIS. The study highlights the possible reasons why farmers fail to adopt most strategies as suggested by studies on climate change in the region. Based on the findings, recommendations were made on the way forward. The study adds to the scanty discussion of climate change and AIS at regional levels, particularly in the climate change prone and oil rich Niger Delta region. The study offers a novel approach for scoring innovations in agriculture.}, }
@article {pmid35194240, year = {2022}, author = {Brändle, T and Bruchez, PA and Colombier, C and Baur, M and Hohl, L}, title = {Do the COVID-19 Crisis, Ageing and Climate Change Put Swiss Fiscal Sustainability at Risk?.}, journal = {Inter economics}, volume = {57}, number = {1}, pages = {48-55}, doi = {10.1007/s10272-022-1027-8}, pmid = {35194240}, issn = {0020-5346}, abstract = {The ongoing coronavirus pandemic crisis as well as demographic and climate change pose major challenges for public finances. This article deals with the implications of demographic trends in Switzerland, i.e. the progressive ageing of the population and its impact on the country's public finances in the long run. As the analysis shows, the brunt of the demographic burden is borne by the old-age pension scheme, health and long-term care. This article also addresses the financial ramifications of the COVID-19 crisis and shows the need for economic policy action over the longer term to ensure the sustainability of public finances in Switzerland. Furthermore, a qualitative assessment of climate change is included, as it constitutes an additional major long-term challenge for public finances.}, }
@article {pmid35194131, year = {2022}, author = {Gaponenko, I and Rohat, G and Goyette, S and Paruch, P and Kasparian, J}, title = {Smooth velocity fields for tracking climate change.}, journal = {Scientific reports}, volume = {12}, number = {1}, pages = {2997}, pmid = {35194131}, issn = {2045-2322}, abstract = {Describing the spatial velocity of climate change is essential to assessing the challenge of natural and human systems to follow its pace by adapting or migrating sufficiently fast. We propose a fully-determined approach, "MATCH", to calculate a realistic and continuous velocity field of any climate parameter, without the need for ad hoc assumptions. We apply this approach to the displacement of isotherms predicted by global and regional climate models between 1950 and 2100 under the IPCC-AR5 RCP 8.5 emission scenario, and show that it provides detailed velocity patterns especially at the regional scale. This method thus favors comparisons between models as well as the analysis of regional or local features. Furthermore, the trajectories obtained using the MATCH approach are less sensitive to inter-annual fluctuations and therefore allow us to introduce a trajectory regularity index, offering a quantitative perspective on the discussion of climate sinks and sources.}, }
@article {pmid35192868, year = {2022}, author = {Rothenberg, ME}, title = {The Climate Change Hypothesis for the Allergy Epidemic.}, journal = {The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.jaci.2022.02.006}, pmid = {35192868}, issn = {1097-6825}, abstract = {The health consequences of climate change are being increasingly recognized. Herein, the climate change hypothesis is put forth as a substantial contributor to the growing global allergy epidemic. A call for deeper research and action on the impact of climate change on various aspects of allergic disease mechanisms, exacerbation, and prevalence is imperative.}, }
@article {pmid35192700, year = {2022}, author = {Zandalinas, SI and Balfagón, D and Gómez-Cadenas, A and Mittler, R}, title = {Responses of plants to climate change: Metabolic changes during abiotic stress combination in plants.}, journal = {Journal of experimental botany}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1093/jxb/erac073}, pmid = {35192700}, issn = {1460-2431}, abstract = {Climate change is predicted to increase the frequency and intensity of abiotic stress combinations that negatively impact plants and pose a serious threat to crop yield and food supply. Plants respond to episodes of stress combination by activating specific physiological and molecular responses, as well as by adjusting different metabolic pathways, to mitigate the negative effects of stress combination on plant growth, development, and reproduction. Plants synthesize a wide range of metabolites that regulate many aspects of plant growth and development, as well as plant responses to stress. Although metabolic responses to individual abiotic stresses have been studied extensively in different plant species, recent efforts have been directed at understanding metabolic responses that occur when different abiotic factors are combined. In this review we examine recent studies of metabolomic changes under stress combination in different plants and suggest new avenues for the development of stress combination-resilient crops based on metabolites as breeding targets.}, }
@article {pmid35191005, year = {2022}, author = {Barnes, PW and Robson, TM and Neale, PJ and Williamson, CE and Zepp, RG and Madronich, S and Wilson, SR and Andrady, AL and Heikkilä, AM and Bernhard, GH and Bais, AF and Neale, RE and Bornman, JF and Jansen, MAK and Klekociuk, AR and Martinez-Abaigar, J and Robinson, SA and Wang, QW and Banaszak, AT and Häder, DP and Hylander, S and Rose, KC and Wängberg, SÅ and Foereid, B and Hou, WC and Ossola, R and Paul, ND and Ukpebor, JE and Andersen, MPS and Longstreth, J and Schikowski, T and Solomon, KR and Sulzberger, B and Bruckman, LS and Pandey, KK and White, CC and Zhu, L and Zhu, M and Aucamp, PJ and Liley, JB and McKenzie, RL and Berwick, M and Byrne, SN and Hollestein, LM and Lucas, RM and Olsen, CM and Rhodes, LE and Yazar, S and Young, AR}, title = {Environmental effects of stratospheric ozone depletion, UV radiation, and interactions with climate change: UNEP Environmental Effects Assessment Panel, Update 2021.}, journal = {Photochemical &amp; photobiological sciences : Official journal of the European Photochemistry Association and the European Society for Photobiology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, pmid = {35191005}, issn = {1474-9092}, abstract = {The Environmental Effects Assessment Panel of the Montreal Protocol under the United Nations Environment Programme evaluates effects on the environment and human health that arise from changes in the stratospheric ozone layer and concomitant variations in ultraviolet (UV) radiation at the Earth's surface. The current update is based on scientific advances that have accumulated since our last assessment (Photochem and Photobiol Sci 20(1):1-67, 2021). We also discuss how climate change affects stratospheric ozone depletion and ultraviolet radiation, and how stratospheric ozone depletion affects climate change. The resulting interlinking effects of stratospheric ozone depletion, UV radiation, and climate change are assessed in terms of air quality, carbon sinks, ecosystems, human health, and natural and synthetic materials. We further highlight potential impacts on the biosphere from extreme climate events that are occurring with increasing frequency as a consequence of climate change. These and other interactive effects are examined with respect to the benefits that the Montreal Protocol and its Amendments are providing to life on Earth by controlling the production of various substances that contribute to both stratospheric ozone depletion and climate change.}, }
@article {pmid35190658, year = {2022}, author = {Bam, S and Ott, JP and Butler, JL and Xu, L}, title = {Belowground mechanism reveals climate change impacts on invasive clonal plant establishment.}, journal = {Scientific reports}, volume = {12}, number = {1}, pages = {2860}, pmid = {35190658}, issn = {2045-2322}, abstract = {Climate change and disturbance can alter invasion success of clonal plants by differentially affecting the clonal traits influencing their establishment as young plants. Clonal traits related to the vegetative reproduction of native Pascopyrum smithii and non-native Bromus inermis grass seedlings were evaluated under altered precipitation frequencies and a single grazing event. Pascopyrum smithii maintained similar vegetative reproduction under three simulated precipitation frequencies whereas B. inermis vegetative reproduction declined as precipitation became more intermittent. Vegetative reproduction of the non-native B. inermis was greater than the native P. smithii under all simulated precipitation frequencies except the most intermittent scenario. A single grazing event did not affect either species' response to intra-annual precipitation variability but did slightly reduce their clonal growth and increase their bud dormancy. In young plants, clonal traits of the invasive grass favored its superior expansion and population growth compared to the native grass except under the most severe climate change scenario. Grassland restoration using native P. smithii seeds would be successful in most years due to its resilient clonal growth in a changing climate. Clonal infrastructure development in young plants is critical to clonal plant establishment and persistence in a changing climate and under disturbed conditions.}, }
@article {pmid35189239, year = {2022}, author = {Gao, Z and Zhang, QH and Xie, YD and Wang, Q and Dzakpasu, M and Xiong, JQ and Wang, XC}, title = {A novel multi-objective optimization framework for urban green-gray infrastructure implementation under impacts of climate change.}, journal = {The Science of the total environment}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {153954}, doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153954}, pmid = {35189239}, issn = {1879-1026}, abstract = {Frequent urban flooding disasters can cause severe economic and property losses. Accordingly, the construction of sponge city has become critical to alleviating urban flooding. However, the functional and structural integration of Green Infrastructure (GI) and Gray Drainage Facility (GDF) is still a matter of concern. This study proposed a novel implementation framework for GI and GDF synchronization optimization (G-GSOIF) based on the SWMM and SUSTAIN models, and used data from Beilin District in Xi'an, China to verify the effects. The results show that the spatiotemporal integrated optimization design of GI and GDF proves to be effective in stormwater management. The total investment was reduced by 16.7% and economic benefit was increased by 15.4% based on disaster risk control, and the utilization rate of rainwater resources exceeded 40%. The Staged optimization model (SSOM) based on the SUSTAIN model established in the G-GSOIF was demonstrated to effectively cope with the impact of future climate change by adjusting and optimizing the design scheme dynamically in different simulation scenarios. Integrated LID (I-LID) measures are conducive for simulation of large catchment areas, and have the same implementation effect as distributed LID measures. The results of this study could support decision-making for urban stormwater management and sponge city construction.}, }
@article {pmid35189219, year = {2022}, author = {Di Nuzzo, L and Benesperi, R and Nascimbene, J and Papini, A and Malaspina, P and Incerti, G and Giordani, P}, title = {Little time left. Microrefuges may fail in mitigating the effects of climate change on epiphytic lichens.}, journal = {The Science of the total environment}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {153943}, doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153943}, pmid = {35189219}, issn = {1879-1026}, abstract = {Climate change is already causing considerable reductions in biodiversity in all terrestrial ecosystems. These consequences are expected to be exacerbated in biomes that are particularly exposed to change, such as those in the Mediterranean, and in certain groups of more sensitive organisms, such as epiphytic lichens. These poikylohydric organisms find suitable light and water conditions on trunks under the tree canopy. Despite their small size, epiphytic communities contribute significantly to the functionality of forest ecosystems. In this work, we surveyed epiphytic lichen communities in a Mediterranean area (Sardinia, Italy) and hypothesized that 1) the effect of microclimate on lichens at tree scale is mediated by the functional traits of these organisms and that 2) micro-refuge trees with certain morphological characteristics can mitigate the negative effects of future climate change. Results confirm the first hypothesis, while the second is only partially supported, suggesting that the capability of specific trees to host specific conditions may not be sufficient to maintain the diversity and ecosystem functionality of lichen communities in the Mediterranean.}, }
@article {pmid35188956, year = {2022}, author = {Ayalon, L and Roy, S and Aloni, O and Keating, N}, title = {A scoping review of research on older people and intergenerational relations in the context of climate change.}, journal = {The Gerontologist}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1093/geront/gnac028}, pmid = {35188956}, issn = {1758-5341}, abstract = {BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: In view of the inherited temporal dimension of climate change, this study aims to highlight diverse intergenerational effects and coping strategies by examining the state of literature on older people and intergenerational relations in the context of climate change.<br><br>RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: A scoping review of peer-reviewed scientific literature was conducted. We searched the following bibliographical datasets: PubMed, Web of Science, and APA PsycNet in addition to a snowballing search based on Google Scholar. The primary search was conducted between September 22, 2021 and September 26, 2021, using variations of the search terms: older people AND intergenerational AND climate change. Two independent raters classified the articles using pre-specified inclusion and exclusion criteria.<br><br>RESULTS: In total, 20 articles were maintained for data extraction. Articles reflect two poles in relation to older people and intergenerational relations in the context of climate change. The first emphasizes intergenerational conflicts and differences, whereas the second stresses solidarity and transmission of knowledge and practices between the generations.<br><br>DISCUSSION AND IMPLICATIONS: Both older and younger people are affected by age-based discrimination in the context of climate change. Generational differences in energy consumption and attitudes towards climate change exist. Nonetheless, these can be overcome by stressing the solidarity between the generations and the ability of older people to contribute to the climate change movement as well as by the ability of both young and old to transmit knowledge and practices related to sustainability.}, }
@article {pmid35186977, year = {2021}, author = {Dobson, GP}, title = {Wired to Doubt: Why People Fear Vaccines and Climate Change and Mistrust Science.}, journal = {Frontiers in medicine}, volume = {8}, number = {}, pages = {809395}, doi = {10.3389/fmed.2021.809395}, pmid = {35186977}, issn = {2296-858X}, abstract = {We all want to be right in our thinking. Vaccine hesitancy and global warming denial share much in common: (1) both are threats to personal, community and global health, (2) action is contingent on co-operation and social policy, and (3) public support relies on trust in science. The irony is, however, as the science has become more convincing, public opinion has become more divided. A number of early polls showed that ~70% of people supported COVID-19 vaccine use and global warming, ~20% adopted a wait-and-see approach, and ~10% were staunch objectors. Although these percentages are approximate, what factors are responsible for the differences in engagement, doubt and distrust? How can we reduce the consensus gap? One approach is to return to grass roots and provide a brief history of the issues, understand the difference between fact and opinion, truth and falsehood, the problem of certainty, and how scientific consensus is reached. To doubt is a healthy response to new information, and it too has a scientific basis. Doubt and distrust reside in that region of the brain called the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, which is responsible for suppressing unwanted representations. Bridging the consensus gap requires shifting human thinking patterns from doubt to belief, and belief to action. Education and improved public messaging are key, and social media providers require urgent oversight or regulation to remove false and harmful/dangerous content from our digital lives. Delays to vaccinate and failure to reduce greenhouse gases will dramatically change the way we live. The new norm may be more deadly COVID variants, strained healthcare systems, extreme weather patterns, diminished food supply, delays in goods and services, damage to world's economies and widespread global instability.}, }
@article {pmid35185993, year = {2022}, author = {Bai, H and Xiao, D and Wang, B and Liu, L and Tang, J}, title = {Simulation of Wheat Response to Future Climate Change Based on Coupled Model Inter-Comparison Project Phase 6 Multi-Model Ensemble Projections in the North China Plain.}, journal = {Frontiers in plant science}, volume = {13}, number = {}, pages = {829580}, doi = {10.3389/fpls.2022.829580}, pmid = {35185993}, issn = {1664-462X}, abstract = {Global climate change results in more extreme temperature events, which poses a serious threat to wheat production in the North China Plain (NCP). Assessing the potential impact of temperature extremes on crop growth and yield is an important prerequisite for exploring crop adaptation measures to deal with changing climate. In this study, we evaluated the effects of heat and frost stress during wheat sensitive period on grain yield at four representative sites over the NCP using Agricultural Production System Simulator (APSIM)-wheat model driven by the climate projections from 20 Global Climate Models (GCMs) in the Coupled Model Inter-comparison Project phase 6 (CMIP6) during two future periods of 2031-2060 (2040S) and 2071-2100 (2080S) under societal development pathway (SSP) 245 and SSP585 scenarios. We found that extreme temperature stress had significantly negative impacts on wheat yield. However, increased rainfall and the elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration could partly compensate for the yield loss caused by extreme temperature events. Under future climate scenarios, the risk of exposure to heat stress around flowering had no great change but frost risk in spring increased slightly mainly due to warming climate accelerating wheat development and advancing the flowering time to a cooler period of growing season. Wheat yield loss caused by heat and frost stress increased by -0.6 to 4.2 and 1.9-12.8% under SSP585_2080S, respectively. We also found that late sowing and selecting cultivars with a long vegetative growth phase (VGP) could significantly compensate for the negative impact of extreme temperature on wheat yields in the south of NCP. However, selecting heat resistant cultivars in the north NCP and both heat and frost resistant cultivars in the central NCP may be a more effective way to alleviate the negative effect of extreme temperature on wheat yields. Our findings showed that not only heat risk should be concerned under climate warming, but also frost risk should not be ignored.}, }
@article {pmid35182189, year = {2022}, author = {Russell, AR and van Kooten, GC and Izett, JG and Eiswerth, ME}, title = {Damage Functions and the Social Cost of Carbon: Addressing Uncertainty in Estimating the Economic Consequences of Mitigating Climate Change.}, journal = {Environmental management}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, pmid = {35182189}, issn = {1432-1009}, abstract = {Mitigating the effects of human-induced climate change requires the reduction of greenhouse gases. Policymakers must balance the need for mitigation with the need to sustain and develop the economy. To make informed decisions regarding mitigation strategies, policymakers rely on estimates of the social cost of carbon (SCC), which represents the marginal damage from increased emissions; the SCC must be greater than the marginal abatement cost for mitigation to be economically desirable. To determine the SCC, damage functions translate projections of carbon and temperature into economic losses. We examine the impact that four damage functions commonly employed in the literature have on the SCC. Rather than using an economic growth model, we convert the CO2 pathways from the Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) into temperature projections using a three-layer, energy balance model and subsequently estimate damages under each RCP using the damage functions. We estimate marginal damages for 2020-2100, finding significant variability in SCC estimates between damage functions. Despite the uncertainty in choosing a specific damage function, comparing the SCC estimates to estimates of marginal abatement costs from the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs) indicates that reducing emissions beyond RCP6.0 is economically beneficial under all scenarios. Reducing emissions beyond RCP4.5 is also likely to be economically desirable under certain damage functions and SSP scenarios. However, future work must resolve the uncertainty surrounding the form of damage function and the SSP estimates of marginal abatement costs to better estimate the economic impacts of climate change and the benefits of mitigating it.}, }
@article {pmid35182188, year = {2022}, author = {Soltani, L and Mellah, T}, title = {Exploring farmers' adaptation strategies to water shortage under climate change in the Tunisian semi-arid region.}, journal = {Environmental management}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, pmid = {35182188}, issn = {1432-1009}, abstract = {This study explores the adaptation strategies to water shortage at the farm level in the Tunisian semi-arid region and investigates factors determining the farmers' behavior. In this area, climate change exacerbates the scarcity of water resources, groundwater suffers from saline intrusion, and the reinforcement of surface water depends on the water transfer decision. Based on 81 farmers survey data collected in Diar El Hajjaj irrigated area, the typology of farmers was constructed using the multivariate technique combining the clustering method and principal component analysis.The results show that two groups of the surveyed farmers use more intensive water resources to grow high-value crops and operate toward a commercial farming system. They set up either an accommodating or an expansive plan. The remaining sampled farmers are smallholder farmers who endure critical resource constraints. They tend to adopt a contractive strategy and face a real risk of farming abandonment. Additional actions should be taken at the farm level as well at the national policy level to preserve the farming system under water scarcity due to climate change effects.}, }
@article {pmid35181711, year = {2022}, author = {Struck, J and Bliedtner, M and Strobel, P and Taylor, W and Biskop, S and Plessen, B and Klaes, B and Bittner, L and Jamsranjav, B and Salazar, G and Szidat, S and Brenning, A and Bazarradnaa, E and Glaser, B and Zech, M and Zech, R}, title = {Central Mongolian lake sediments reveal new insights on climate change and equestrian empires in the Eastern Steppes.}, journal = {Scientific reports}, volume = {12}, number = {1}, pages = {2829}, pmid = {35181711}, issn = {2045-2322}, abstract = {The repeated expansion of East Asian steppe cultures was a key driver of Eurasian history, forging new social, economic, and biological links across the continent. Climate has been suggested as important driver of these poorly understood cultural expansions, but paleoclimate records from the Mongolian Plateau often suffer from poor age control or ambiguous proxy interpretation. Here, we use a combination of geochemical analyses and comprehensive radiocarbon dating to establish the first robust and detailed record of paleohydrological conditions for Lake Telmen, Mongolia, covering the past ~ 4000 years. Our record shows that humid conditions coincided with solar minima, and hydrological modeling confirms the high sensitivity of the lake to paleoclimate changes. Careful comparisons with archaeological and historical records suggest that in the vast semi-arid grasslands of eastern Eurasia, solar minima led to reduced temperatures, less evaporation, and high biomass production, expanding the power base for pastoral economies and horse cavalry. Our findings suggest a crucial link between temperature dynamics in the Eastern Steppe and key social developments, such as the emergence of pastoral empires, and fuel concerns that global warming enhances water scarcity in the semi-arid regions of interior Eurasia.}, }
@article {pmid35180955, year = {2022}, author = {Said, RM and Nassar, SE}, title = {Mortality, energy reserves, and oxidative stress responses of three native freshwater mussels to temperature as an indicator of potential impacts of climate change: A laboratory experimental approach.}, journal = {Journal of thermal biology}, volume = {104}, number = {}, pages = {103154}, doi = {10.1016/j.jtherbio.2021.103154}, pmid = {35180955}, issn = {0306-4565}, abstract = {Due to rapid global climate change, the temperature of streams and rivers is predicted to be increased, influencing aquatic organisms, particularly bivalve species. To better understand their response to elevated temperature, three native species of freshwater mussels namely, Coelatura aegyptiaca, Mutela rostrata and Chambardia rubens were exposed for 21 days to four temperature treatments (18 - 25-30 and 35 °C). Mortality was recorded on a daily basis over the experiment. A variety of responses including biomarkers at the cellular level and whole organism level were examined in surviving organisms after 21 days. In response to exposure to thermal stress, three mussel species exposed to 35 °C showed 100% mortality after 21 days. However, exposure to 25 °C and 30 °C induced significant decreases in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production and energy reserves (Protein, lipid and glycogen) compared to the control group maintained at 18 °C. Temperature-induced oxidative stress, indicated by the greatest reduction in total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and elevated levels of lipid peroxidation products. As energy generation decreased and oxidative stress increased, trends were for condition indexes (CI) and survival to decrease. In comparison, C. rubens has a higher thermal tolerance than C. aegyptiaca, and M. rostrata. The responses reported herein, along with the predicted rates of climate warming, indicated that freshwater mussels in the Nile River, Egypt will be negatively impacted by climate change and may incur significant losses in the coming years.}, }
@article {pmid35179539, year = {2022}, author = {Borgå, K and McKinney, MA and Routti, H and Fernie, KJ and Giebichenstein, J and Hallanger, I and Muir, DCG}, title = {The influence of global climate change on accumulation and toxicity of persistent organic pollutants and chemicals of emerging concern in Arctic food webs.}, journal = {Environmental science. Processes &amp; impacts}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1039/d1em00469g}, pmid = {35179539}, issn = {2050-7895}, abstract = {This review summarizes current understanding of how climate change-driven physical and ecological processes influence the levels of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and contaminants of emerging Arctic concern (CEACs) in Arctic biota and food webs. The review also highlights how climate change may interact with other stressors to impact contaminant toxicity, and the utility of modeling and newer research tools in closing knowledge gaps on climate change-contaminant interactions. Permafrost thaw is influencing the concentrations of POPs in freshwater ecosystems. Physical climate parameters, including climate oscillation indices, precipitation, water salinity, sea ice age, and sea ice quality show statistical associations with POPs concentrations in multiple Arctic biota. Northward range-shifting species can act as biovectors for POPs and CEACs into Arctic marine food webs. Shifts in trophic position can alter POPs concentrations in populations of Arctic species. Reductions in body condition are associated with increases in levels of POPs in some biota. Although collectively understudied, multiple stressors, including contaminants and climate change, may act to cumulatively impact some populations of Arctic biota. Models are useful for predicting the net result of various contrasting climate-driven processes on POP and CEAC exposures; however, for some parameters, especially food web changes, insufficient data exists with which to populate such models. In addition to the impact of global regulations on POP levels in Arctic biota, this review demonstrates that there are various direct and indirect mechanisms by which climate change can influence contaminant exposure, accumulation, and effects; therefore, it is important to attribute POP variations to the actual contributing factors to inform future regulations and policies. To do so, a broad range of habitats, species, and processes must be considered for a thorough understanding and interpretation of the consequences to the distribution, accumulation, and effects of environmental contaminants. Given the complex interactions between climate change, contaminants, and ecosystems, it is important to plan for long-term, integrated pan-Arctic monitoring of key biota and ecosystems, and to collect ancillary data, including information on climate-related parameters, local meteorology, ecology, and physiology, and when possible, behavior, when carrying out research on POPs and CEACs in biota and food webs of the Arctic.}, }
@article {pmid35175854, year = {2022}, author = {, }, title = {Climate Change and Health Security: A Special Feature in Health Security.}, journal = {Health security}, volume = {20}, number = {1}, pages = {1-2}, doi = {10.1089/hs.2022.29003.cfp}, pmid = {35175854}, issn = {2326-5108}, }
@article {pmid35174946, year = {2022}, author = {Nascimento, G and Câmara, T and Arnan, X}, title = {Critical thermal limits in ants and their implications under climate change.}, journal = {Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1111/brv.12843}, pmid = {35174946}, issn = {1469-185X}, support = {PQ-2//Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico/ ; Process 307385/2020-5//Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico/ ; BFP - 0157-2.05/20//Fundação de Amparo à Ciência e Tecnologia do Estado de Pernambuco/ ; IBPG-0649-2.05/20//Fundação de Amparo à Ciência e Tecnologia do Estado de Pernambuco/ ; 191_APQ 2020//Universidade de Pernambuco/ ; Process 427//Universidade de Pernambuco/ ; }, abstract = {Critical thermal limits (CTLs) constrain the performance of organisms, shaping their abundance, current distributions, and future distributions. Consequently, CTLs may also determine the quality of ecosystem services as well as organismal and ecosystem vulnerability to climate change. As some of the most ubiquitous animals in terrestrial ecosystems, ants are important members of ecological communities. In recent years, an increasing body of research has explored ant physiological thermal limits. However, these CTL data tend to centre on a few species and biogeographical regions. To encourage an expansion of perspectives, we herein review the factors that determine ant CTLs and examine their effects on present and future species distributions and ecosystem processes. Special emphasis is placed on the implications of CTLs for safeguarding ant diversity and ant-mediated ecosystem services in the future. First, we compile, quantify, and categorise studies on ant CTLs based on study taxon, biogeographical region, methodology, and study question. Second, we use this comprehensive database to analyse the abiotic and biotic factors shaping ant CTLs. Our results highlight how CTLs may affect future distribution patterns and ecological performance in ants. Additionally, we identify the greatest remaining gaps in knowledge and create a research roadmap to promote rapid advances in this field of study.}, }
@article {pmid35173186, year = {2022}, author = {Hasegawa, T and Wakatsuki, H and Ju, H and Vyas, S and Nelson, GC and Farrell, A and Deryng, D and Meza, F and Makowski, D}, title = {A global dataset for the projected impacts of climate change on four major crops.}, journal = {Scientific data}, volume = {9}, number = {1}, pages = {58}, pmid = {35173186}, issn = {2052-4463}, abstract = {Reliable estimates of the impacts of climate change on crop production are critical for assessing the sustainability of food systems. Global, regional, and site-specific crop simulation studies have been conducted for nearly four decades, representing valuable sources of information for climate change impact assessments. However, the wealth of data produced by these studies has not been made publicly available. Here, we develop a global dataset by consolidating previously published meta-analyses and data collected through a new literature search covering recent crop simulations. The new global dataset builds on 8703 simulations from 202 studies published between 1984 and 2020. It contains projected yields of four major crops (maize, rice, soybean, and wheat) in 91 countries under major emission scenarios for the 21st century, with and without adaptation measures, along with geographical coordinates, current temperature and precipitation levels, projected temperature and precipitation changes. This dataset provides a solid basis for a quantitative assessment of the impacts of climate change on crop production and will facilitate the rapidly developing data-driven machine learning applications.}, }
@article {pmid35172126, year = {2022}, author = {Shipley, JR and Twining, CW and Mathieu-Resuge, M and Parmar, TP and Kainz, M and Martin-Creuzburg, D and Weber, C and Winkler, DW and Graham, CH and Matthews, B}, title = {Climate change shifts the timing of nutritional flux from aquatic insects.}, journal = {Current biology : CB}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.cub.2022.01.057}, pmid = {35172126}, issn = {1879-0445}, abstract = {Climate change can decouple resource supply from consumer demand, with the potential to create phenological mismatches driving negative consequences on fitness. However, the underlying ecological mechanisms of phenological mismatches between consumers and their resources have not been fully explored. Here, we use long-term records of aquatic and terrestrial insect biomass and egg-hatching times of several co-occurring insectivorous species to investigate temporal mismatches between the availability of and demand for nutrients that are essential for offspring development. We found that insects with aquatic larvae reach peak biomass earlier in the season than those with terrestrial larvae and that the relative availability of omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LCPUFAs) to consumers is almost entirely dependent on the phenology of aquatic insect emergence. This is due to the 4- to 34-fold greater n-3 LCPUFA concentration difference in insects emerging from aquatic as opposed to terrestrial habitats. From a long-sampled site (25 years) undergoing minimal land use conversion, we found that both aquatic and terrestrial insect phenologies have advanced substantially faster than those of insectivorous birds, shifting the timing of peak availability of n-3 LCPUFAs for birds during reproduction. For species that require n-3 LCPUFAs directly from diet, highly nutritious aquatic insects cannot simply be replaced by terrestrial insects, creating nutritional phenological mismatches. Our research findings reveal and highlight the increasing necessity of specifically investigating how nutritional phenology, rather than only overall resource availability, is changing for consumers in response to climate change.}, }
@article {pmid35171904, year = {2022}, author = {de Jongh, EJ and Harper, SL and Yamamoto, SS and Wright, CJ and Wilkinson, CW and Ghosh, S and Otto, SJG}, title = {One Health, One Hive: A scoping review of honey bees, climate change, pollutants, and antimicrobial resistance.}, journal = {PloS one}, volume = {17}, number = {2}, pages = {e0242393}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0242393}, pmid = {35171904}, issn = {1932-6203}, abstract = {Anthropogenic climate change and increasing antimicrobial resistance (AMR) together threaten the last 50 years of public health gains. Honey bees are a model One Health organism to investigate interactions between climate change and AMR. The objective of this scoping review was to examine the range, extent, and nature of published literature on the relationship between AMR and honey bees in the context of climate change and environmental pollutants. The review followed systematic search methods and reporting guidelines. A protocol was developed a priori in consultation with a research librarian. Resulting Boolean search strings were used to search Embase® via Ovid®, MEDLINE®, Scopus®, AGRICOLA™ and Web of Science™ databases. Two independent reviewers conducted two-stage screening on retrieved articles. To be included, the article had to examine honey bees, AMR, and either climate change or environmental pollution. Data, in accordance with Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines, were extracted from relevant articles and descriptively synthesized in tables, figures, and narrative form. A total of 22 articles met the inclusion criteria, with half of all articles being published in the last five years (n = 11/22). These articles predominantly investigated hive immunocompetence and multi-drug resistance transporter downregulation (n = 11/22), susceptibility to pests (n = 16/22), especially American foulbrood (n = 9/22), and hive product augmentation (n = 3/22). This review identified key themes and gaps in the literature, including the need for future interdisciplinary research to explore the link between AMR and environmental change evidence streams in honey bees. We identified three potential linkages between pollutive and climatic factors and risk of AMR. These interconnections reaffirm the necessity of a One Health framework to tackle global threats and investigate complex issues that extend beyond honey bee research into the public health sector. It is integral that we view these "wicked" problems through an interdisciplinary lens to explore long-term strategies for change.}, }
@article {pmid35171167, year = {2022}, author = {de Wit, CA and Vorkamp, K and Muir, D}, title = {Influence of climate change on persistent organic pollutants and chemicals of emerging concern in the Arctic: state of knowledge and recommendations for future research.}, journal = {Environmental science. Processes &amp; impacts}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1039/d1em00531f}, pmid = {35171167}, issn = {2050-7895}, abstract = {Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) have accumulated in polar environments as a result of long-range transport from urban/industrial and agricultural source regions in the mid-latitudes. Climate change has been recognized as a factor capable of influencing POP levels and trends in the Arctic, but little empirical data have been available previously. A growing number of recent studies have now addressed the consequences of climate change for the fate of Arctic contaminants, as reviewed and assessed by the Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme (AMAP). For example, correlations between POP temporal trends in air or biota and climate indices, such as the North Atlantic Oscillation Index, have been found. Besides the climate indices, temperature, precipitation and sea-ice were identified as important climate parameters influencing POP levels in the Arctic environment. However, the physical changes are interlinked with complex ecological changes, including new species habitats and predator/prey relationships, resulting in a vast diversity of processes directly or indirectly affecting levels and trends of POPs. The reviews in this themed issue illustrate that the complexity of physical, chemical, and biological processes, and the rapid developments with regard to both climate change and chemical contamination, require greater interdisciplinary scientific exchange and collaboration. While some climate and biological parameters have been linked to POP levels in the Arctic, mechanisms underlying these correlations are usually not understood and need more work. Going forward there is a need for a stronger collaborative approach to understanding these processes due to high uncertainties and the incremental process of increasing knowledge of these chemicals. There is also a need to support and encourage community-based studies and the co-production of knowledge, including the utilization of Indigenous Knowledge, for interpreting trends of POPs in light of climate change.}, }
@article {pmid35169164, year = {2022}, author = {Luo, Y and Yang, D and O'Connor, P and Wu, T and Ma, W and Xu, L and Guo, R and Lin, J}, title = {Dynamic characteristics and synergistic effects of ecosystem services under climate change scenarios on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.}, journal = {Scientific reports}, volume = {12}, number = {1}, pages = {2540}, pmid = {35169164}, issn = {2045-2322}, support = {41690142//National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China)/ ; 42171280//National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China)/ ; }, abstract = {The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) supplies many ecosystem services (ESs) that maintain local and global pan-Asian populations and ecosystems. The effects of climate change on ES provision in the QTP will have far-reaching impacts on the region and the many downstream ecosystems and countries that depend on ESs from the "Third Pole". This study undertook a systematic assessment of ES provision, trade-offs and synergies between four ESs (raw material provision, water yield, soil retention, and carbon storage) under future climate scenarios (representative concentration pathway). The results show that: (1) the total amount of the four ESs on the QTP is predicted to increase from 1980 to 2100 for three climate change scenarios. (2) The spatial pattern of ESs on the QTP will not change significantly in the future, and the grassland and forest ESs in the central and southern regions are predicted to increase significantly. (3) The synergistic interactions among ESs were generally consistent at three spatial scales (10 km (pixel), county and watershed scales), but with more significant synergistic effects at the watershed scale. This demonstrates the necessity for the examination of scale-dependent ES dynamics and interactions. This study will supply a reference for further research on long-term ES assessments, especially the dynamic ES changes and the spatial scale dependency of the ES interactions, and provide evidence-based strategies for formulating ecosystem management on the QTP under climate change.}, }
@article {pmid35167891, year = {2022}, author = {Saar, K and Nõges, P and Søndergaard, M and Jensen, M and Jørgensen, C and Reitzel, K and Jeppesen, E and Lauridsen, TL and Jensen, HS}, title = {The impact of climate change and eutrophication on phosphorus forms in sediment: Results from a long-term lake mesocosm experiment.}, journal = {The Science of the total environment}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {153751}, doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153751}, pmid = {35167891}, issn = {1879-1026}, abstract = {Characteristics of bottom sediments in lake mesocosms 11 years after starting the experiment were studied in order to determine the effects of nutrient loading, temperature increase and vegetation type on concentration and vertical distribution of phosphorus (P) forms. The experimental setup consisted of 24 outdoor flow-through mesocosms with two nutrient treatments - low (L) and high (H) and 3 temperature levels - ambient (T0), heated by 2-4 °C (T1) and 3-6 °C (T2) in four replicates. Thickness of the organic sediment was measured and the sediment analysed for dry weight, organic matter, and P fractions (according to a sequential extraction scheme) and organic P compounds (by 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy). Higher nutrient loading led to increased sediment accumulation and higher concentration of total P and most P fractions, except P bound to aluminium and humic matter. The dominant vegetation type covaried with nutrient levels. Vertical gradients in Ca bound P and mobile P in low nutrient mesocosms was perhaps a result of P coprecipitation with calcite on macrophytes and P uptake by roots indicating that in macrophyte-rich lakes, plants can be important modifiers of early P diagenesis. Temperature alone did not significantly affect sediment accumulation rate but the interaction effect between nutrient and temperature treatments was significant. At high nutrient loading, sediment thickness decreased with increasing temperature, but at low nutrient loading, it increased with warming. The effect of warming on sediment composition became obvious only in nutrient enriched mesocosms showing that eutrophication makes shallow lake ecosystems more susceptible to climate change.}, }
@article {pmid35162479, year = {2022}, author = {Brandão, J and Weiskerger, C and Valério, E and Pitkänen, T and Meriläinen, P and Avolio, L and Heaney, CD and Sadowsky, MJ}, title = {Climate Change Impacts on Microbiota in Beach Sand and Water: Looking Ahead.}, journal = {International journal of environmental research and public health}, volume = {19}, number = {3}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3390/ijerph19031444}, pmid = {35162479}, issn = {1660-4601}, abstract = {Beach sand and water have both shown relevance for human health and their microbiology have been the subjects of study for decades. Recently, the World Health Organization recommended that recreational beach sands be added to the matrices monitored for enterococci and Fungi. Global climate change is affecting beach microbial contamination, via changes to conditions like water temperature, sea level, precipitation, and waves. In addition, the world is changing, and humans travel and relocate, often carrying endemic allochthonous microbiota. Coastal areas are amongst the most frequent relocation choices, especially in regions where desertification is taking place. A warmer future will likely require looking beyond the use of traditional water quality indicators to protect human health, in order to guarantee that waterways are safe to use for bathing and recreation. Finally, since sand is a complex matrix, an alternative set of microbial standards is necessary to guarantee that the health of beach users is protected from both sand and water contaminants. We need to plan for the future safer use of beaches by adapting regulations to a climate-changing world.}, }
@article {pmid35162378, year = {2022}, author = {Orsetti, E and Tollin, N and Lehmann, M and Valderrama, VA and Morató, J}, title = {Building Resilient Cities: Climate Change and Health Interlinkages in the Planning of Public Spaces.}, journal = {International journal of environmental research and public health}, volume = {19}, number = {3}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3390/ijerph19031355}, pmid = {35162378}, issn = {1660-4601}, abstract = {Greenhouse gases emissions resulting from the combustion of fossil fuels are worsening air quality and affecting the climate system. While climate change impacts on meteorological variables affects air quality by altering the concentration and distribution of pollutants, air pollution significantly influences the climate, leading to negative impacts on human health. Due to the combination of high temperatures, air pollution, and high population density, cities are particularly vulnerable to climate change impacts. The planning and design of public spaces aimed at climate change mitigation and adaptation can result in multiple co-benefits for human health, while reducing social inequalities. To address the major research gaps in the communication between health and planning experts, and the lack of capacity among public sectors and policy makers, it is necessary to promote capacity building and knowledge sharing between the planning and health sectors. The purpose of this article is to develop preliminary recommendations for a process that allows a comprehensive assessment of the interlinkages between climate and health, social, environmental, and economic vulnerabilities, and the quality of the urban spaces, to support local governments, policymakers, and education institutions in making informed decisions for public spaces. The methods applied were a literature review and interviews with experts.}, }
@article {pmid35158115, year = {2022}, author = {Choudhury, BU and Nengzouzam, G and Islam, A}, title = {Runoff and soil erosion in the integrated farming systems based on micro-watersheds under projected climate change scenarios and adaptation strategies in the eastern Himalayan mountain ecosystem (India).}, journal = {Journal of environmental management}, volume = {309}, number = {}, pages = {114667}, doi = {10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.114667}, pmid = {35158115}, issn = {1095-8630}, abstract = {Land degradation caused by soil erosion (SE) in forests converted into cropland under climate change, particularly with increased rainfall intensity, is of great concern to the agricultural sustainability of the tropical mountain ecosystem. We evaluated the response of six hilly micro-watersheds (HMW) under different Integrated Farming Systems (IFSs) to SE multi-model multi-model climate change scenarios using the Water Erosion Prediction Project (WEPP) model. The IFSs were forestry (HMW1), abandoned shifting cultivation (HMW2), livestock with fodder crops (HMW3), agroforestry (HMW4), agri-horti-silvi-pastoral (HMW5), and horticulture (HMW6) established on a hilly slope (32.0-53.2%) of the eastern Himalayas (Meghalaya, India). The WEPP model was calibrated and validated with measured runoff and soil loss data of 24 years for each of the six IFSs. The projected annual SE (average) for all HMWs increased in all RCPs. The IFS based on shifting cultivation (HMW2) was the most vulnerable, with the highest percentage increase in SE (46-235%) compared to the baseline years (1976-2005) under RCP 8.5. The cultivated IFSs (HMW3 to HMW6) had 47.8-57.0% less runoff and 39.2-74.6% less soil loss than HMW2 under RCP 8.5. Of these, HMW6 followed by HMW4 and HMW5 were the most effective at minimizing soil loss. Simulation results showed a reduction in soil loss through adaptive strategies such as mulching with broom grasses, stones, field beans, and the introduction of subsurface drainage. Adoption of IFS based on horticulture and agroforestry with bio-mulching on steep slopes is an effective measure to control soil erosion in the eastern Himalaya (India).}, }
@article {pmid35157863, year = {2022}, author = {Martins, FB and Benassi, RB and Torres, RR and de Brito Neto, FA}, title = {Impacts of 1.5 °C and 2 °C global warming on Eucalyptus plantations in South America.}, journal = {The Science of the total environment}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {153820}, doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153820}, pmid = {35157863}, issn = {1879-1026}, abstract = {Even if the maximum global warming thresholds established by the Paris Agreement (1.5 and 2 °C relative to pre-industrial levels) are not exceeded, part of the climate system impacts resulting from this warming will be unavoidable. Forestry industries may be especially vulnerable, due to water shortages and the inability of growing certain forest species. An important part of the South American economy depends on the forestry sector (between 2 to ~7% of the Gross Domestic Product), mainly products derived from Eucalyptus, and so evaluating water availability considering the temperature thresholds established by the Paris Agreement will be fundamental. This study analyzed increased global average temperatures at 1.5 °C and 2 °C, and the impacts on water availability, using the Climatic Water Balance (CWB), and also studied possible impacts on Eucalyptus plantations in South America. Monthly temperature and precipitation data obtained from a set of simulations and projections of 26 General Circulation Models (GCMs) were used, in four Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) scenarios. The CWB was calculated for three periods: i) the pre-industrial period (1861-1890), ii) the present period (1975-2005), and iii) the period when temperature projections are expected to reach global average increases of 1.5 °C and 2 °C. Due to changes in the CWB, with increases in actual evapotranspiration, water deficits, and a reduced water surplus, Eucalyptus plantations will be negatively affected and economically unfeasible for about 49.2% to 56.7% of all of South America, including a large part of the Amazon region, northern South America, midwestern and northeastern Brazil, western portions of Bolivia, Paraguay, central/northern Argentina, and northern Chile. Only some parts of South America, like the southern and southeastern regions of Brazil, Uruguay, southern Argentina and Chile, Andes Mountain Range, and northwestern South America, will not suffer water deficits, and Eucalyptus plantations will be less impacted in these regions. Large parts of South America will suffer from changes in water availability. The future of the forestry industry, and especially Eucalyptus plantations in these regions, will depend on urgent and effective adaptation measures.}, }
@article {pmid35156593, year = {2021}, author = {Macdiarmid, JI}, title = {The food system and climate change: are plant-based diets becoming unhealthy and less environmentally sustainable?.}, journal = {The Proceedings of the Nutrition Society}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {1-6}, doi = {10.1017/S0029665121003712}, pmid = {35156593}, issn = {1475-2719}, support = {//Scottish Government Rural and Environment Science and Analytical Services Division/ ; }, abstract = {A plant-based diet, which can include small amounts of meat, is the foundation for healthy sustainable diets, which will have co-benefits for health, climate and the environment. Studies show that some of the barriers to making this dietary change and reducing meat consumption are perceptions that plant-based diets are inconvenient, it takes too much time and skills to prepare meals and ingredients are expensive. The food environment is changing and the industry is responding with the exponential increase in the market of highly processed, convenient and cheap plant-based foods. This overcomes some of the barriers, but there is concern about whether they are healthy and environmentally sustainable. Plant-based foods have a halo effect around health and the environment, but many being produced are ultra-processed foods that are high in energy, fat, sugar and salt and have a higher environmental impact than minimally processed plant-based foods. The trend towards eating more highly processed plant-based convenience foods is a concern with regard to both public health and the targets set to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The 'modern day' plant-based diet emerging is very different to a more traditional one comprising pulses, vegetables and wholegrain. Studies show that those who are younger and have been a vegetarian for a shorter duration are eating significantly more ultra-processed plant-based foods. While there is a place for convenient, desirable and affordable plant-based food to encourage dietary change, care should be taken that this does not subconsciously set a path which may ultimately be neither healthy nor sustainable.}, }
@article {pmid35154613, year = {2021}, author = {Ouyang, Y and Wan, Y and Jin, W and Leininger, TD and Feng, G and Han, Y}, title = {Impact of climate change on groundwater resource in a region with a fast depletion rate: the Mississippi Embayment.}, journal = {Journal of water and climate change}, volume = {12}, number = {6}, pages = {2245-2255}, doi = {10.2166/wcc.2021.326}, pmid = {35154613}, issn = {2408-9354}, abstract = {Mississippi Embayment (ME) is one of the fastest groundwater depletion regions around the world, while the impacts of climate change on groundwater resources in the region are complex and basically unknown. Using the U.S. Geological Survey's Mississippi Embayment Regional Aquifer Study (MERAS) model, such a challenge was addressed through the base, wet, and dry simulation scenarios. Over the 137-year simulation period from 1870 to 2007, the cumulative aquifer storage depletions were 1.70 × 1011, 1.73 × 1011, and 1.67 × 1011 m3, respectively, for the base, dry, and wet scenarios. As compared with that of the base scenario, the aquifer storage depletions were only 1.76% more for the dry scenario and 1.8% less for the wet scenario. A multiple regression analysis showed that the aquifer storage depletion rate was controlled more by the groundwater pumping and stream leakage rates and less by the groundwater net recharge rate. Groundwater table variation in the forest land was much smaller than in the crop land. Results suggested that groundwater pumping rather than climate change was a key driving force of groundwater depletion in the ME. Our findings provide a useful reference to water resource managers, foresters, and farmers in the ME and around the world when developing their groundwater supply strategies.}, }
@article {pmid35152483, year = {2022}, author = {Wuitchik, SJS and Mogensen, S and Barry, TN and Paccard, A and Jamniczky, HA and Barrett, RDH and Rogers, SM}, title = {Evolution of thermal physiology alters the projected range of threespine stickleback under climate change.}, journal = {Molecular ecology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1111/mec.16396}, pmid = {35152483}, issn = {1365-294X}, abstract = {Species distribution models (SDMs) are widely used to predict range shifts but could be unreliable under climate change scenarios because they do not account for evolution. The thermal physiology of a species is a key determinant of range and thus incorporating thermal trait evolution into SDMs might be expected to alter projected ranges. We identified a genetic basis for physiological and behavioural traits that evolve in response to temperature change in natural populations of threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus). Using these data, we created geographic range projections using a mechanistic niche area approach under two climate change scenarios. Under both scenarios, trait data was either static ('no evolution' models), allowed to evolve at observed evolutionary rates ('evolution' models), or allowed to evolve at a rate of evolution scaled by the trait variance that is explained by quantitative trait loci (QTL; 'scaled evolution' models). We show that incorporating these traits and their evolution substantially altered the projected ranges for a widespread panmictic marine population, with over 7-fold increases in area under climate change projections when traits are allowed to evolve. Evolution-informed SDMs should improve the precision of forecasting range dynamics under climate change, and aid in their application to management and the protection of biodiversity.}, }
@article {pmid35151734, year = {2022}, author = {Ingole, V and Dimitrova, A and Sampedro, J and Sacoor, C and Acacio, S and Juvekar, S and Roy, S and Moraga, P and Basagaña, X and Ballester, J and Antó, JM and Tonne, C}, title = {Local mortality impacts due to future air pollution under climate change scenarios.}, journal = {The Science of the total environment}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {153832}, doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153832}, pmid = {35151734}, issn = {1879-1026}, abstract = {The health impacts of global climate change mitigation will affect local populations differently. However, most co-benefits analyses have been done at a global level, with relatively few studies providing local level results. We aimed to quantify the local health impacts due to fine particles (PM2.5) under the governance arrangements embedded in the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs1-5) under two greenhouse gas concentration scenarios (Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) 2.6 and 8.5) in local populations of Mozambique, India, and Spain. We simulated the SSP-RCP scenarios using the Global Change Analysis Model, which was linked to the TM5-FASST model to estimate PM2.5 levels. PM2.5 levels were calibrated with local measurements. We used comparative risk assessment methods to estimate attributable premature deaths due to PM2.5 linking local population and mortality data with PM2.5-mortality relationships from the literature, and incorporating population projections under the SSPs. PM2.5 attributable burdens in 2050 differed across SSP-RCP scenarios, and sensitivity of results across scenarios varied across populations. Future attributable mortality burden of PM2.5 was highly sensitive to assumptions about how populations will change according to SSP. SSPs reflecting high challenges for adaptation (SSPs 3 and 4) consistently resulted in the highest PM2.5 attributable burdens mid-century. Our analysis of local PM2.5 attributable premature deaths under SSP-RCP scenarios in three local populations highlights the importance of both socioeconomic development and climate policy in reducing the health burden from air pollution. Sensitivity of future PM2.5 mortality burden to SSPs was particularly evident in low- and middle- income country settings due either to high air pollution levels or dynamic populations.}, }
@article {pmid35150628, year = {2022}, author = {Valente, M and Trentin, M and Ragazzoni, L and Barone-Adesi, F}, title = {Aligning disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation in the post-COP26 era.}, journal = {The Lancet. Planetary health}, volume = {6}, number = {2}, pages = {e76-e77}, doi = {10.1016/S2542-5196(22)00013-4}, pmid = {35150628}, issn = {2542-5196}, }
@article {pmid35149739, year = {2022}, author = {Vaissi, S}, title = {Response of Iranian lizards to future climate change by poleward expansion, southern contraction, and elevation shifts.}, journal = {Scientific reports}, volume = {12}, number = {1}, pages = {2348}, pmid = {35149739}, issn = {2045-2322}, abstract = {This study explores the relationships between recent Iranian lizard species distributions and the observed climate, as well as potential future distributions of species. For this purpose, an ensemble of seven algorithms was used to forecast the distributions of 30 species for the recent and future (2070) based on the averages of 14 global climate models under optimistic (RCP2.6) and pessimistic (RCP8.5) scenarios. Annual precipitation (n = 16) and annual mean temperature (n = 7) were identified as the most important variables in determining the distribution of 76.66% (23 out of 30) of the species. The consensus model predicts that the ranges of 83.33% of species (n = 25) have the potential to expand poleward at higher latitudes while preserving the majority of their recent distributions (except for four species). Furthermore, the ranges of the remaining species (n = 5) will be preserved at higher latitudes. However, they (n = 22) may contract slightly (n = 13) or excessively (n = 9) in the south of their distribution range at lower latitudes. These results indicate that species (N = 19) situated in mountainous areas such as the Zagros, Alborz, and Kopet Dagh may move or maintain their range at higher elevations as a result of future climate change. Finally, this study suggests that 30% of species (n = 9) may be threatened by future climate change and that they should be prioritized in conservation efforts.}, }
@article {pmid35149079, year = {2022}, author = {Chételat, J and McKinney, MA and Amyot, M and Dastoor, A and Douglas, TA and Heimbürger-Boavida, LE and Kirk, J and Kahilainen, KK and Outridge, P and Pelletier, N and Skov, H and St Pierre, K and Vuorenmaa, J and Wang, F}, title = {Climate change and mercury in the Arctic: Abiotic interactions.}, journal = {The Science of the total environment}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {153715}, doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153715}, pmid = {35149079}, issn = {1879-1026}, abstract = {Dramatic environmental shifts are occuring throughout the Arctic from climate change, with consequences for the cycling of mercury (Hg). This review summarizes the latest science on how climate change is influencing Hg transport and biogeochemical cycling in Arctic terrestrial, freshwater and marine ecosystems. As environmental changes in the Arctic continue to accelerate, a clearer picture is emerging of the profound shifts in the climate and cryosphere, and their connections to Hg cycling. Modeling results suggest climate influences seasonal and interannual variability of atmospheric Hg deposition. The clearest evidence of current climate change effects is for Hg transport from terrestrial catchments, where widespread permafrost thaw, glacier melt and coastal erosion are increasing the export of Hg to downstream environments. Recent estimates suggest Arctic permafrost is a large global reservoir of Hg, which is vulnerable to degradation with climate warming, although the fate of permafrost soil Hg is unclear. The increasing development of thermokarst features, the formation and expansion of thaw lakes, and increased soil erosion in terrestrial landscapes are increasing river transport of particulate-bound Hg and altering conditions for aquatic Hg transformations. Greater organic matter transport may also be influencing the downstream transport and fate of Hg. More severe and frequent wildfires within the Arctic and across boreal regions may be contributing to the atmospheric pool of Hg. Climate change influences on Hg biogeochemical cycling remain poorly understood. Seasonal evasion and retention of inorganic Hg may be altered by reduced sea-ice cover and higher chloride content in snow. Experimental evidence indicates warmer temperatures enhance methylmercury production in ocean and lake sediments as well as in tundra soils. Improved geographic coverage of measurements and modeling approaches are needed to better evaluate net effects of climate change and long-term implications for Hg contamination in the Arctic.}, }
@article {pmid35148945, year = {2022}, author = {Kovak, E and Blaustein-Rejto, D and Qaim, M}, title = {Genetically modified crops support climate change mitigation.}, journal = {Trends in plant science}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.tplants.2022.01.004}, pmid = {35148945}, issn = {1878-4372}, abstract = {Genetically modified (GM) crops can help reduce agricultural greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. In addition to possible decreases in production emissions, GM yield gains also mitigate land-use change and related emissions. Wider adoption of already-existing GM crops in Europe could result in a reduction equivalent to 7.5% of the total agricultural GHG emissions of Europe.}, }
@article {pmid35147382, year = {2022}, author = {Płaczkiewicz-Jankowska, E and Czupryniak, L and Gajos, G and Lewiński, A and Ruchała, M and Stasiak, M and Strojek, K and Szczepanek-Parulska, E and Wyleżoł, M and Ostrowska, L and Jankowski, P}, title = {Management of obesity in the times of climate change and COVID-19: an interdisciplinary expert consensus report.}, journal = {Polish archives of internal medicine}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.20452/pamw.16216}, pmid = {35147382}, issn = {1897-9483}, abstract = {Obesity is a chronic disease that is associated with increased metabolic and cardiovascular risk, excessive morbidity and mortality worldwide. The authors of the present consensus, clinicians representing medical specialties related to the treatment of obesity and its complications, reviewed a number of European and American guidelines mostly published in 2019-2021, and summarized the principles of obesity management to provide a practical guidance considering the impact that increased adiposity poses to health. The primary goal of obesity treatment from clinical perspective is to prevent or slow down the progression of diseases associated with obesity, reduce metabolic and cardiovascular risk and improve the quality of life by achieving adequate and stable weight reduction. However, obesity should not only be considered as a disease requiring treatment in an individual patient, but also as a civilization disease requiring preventive measures at the population level. Despite the evident benefits, obesity management within the health care system - whether through pharmacotherapy or bariatric surgery - is only a symptomatic treatment, with all its limitations, and will not ultimately solve the problem of obesity. The important message is that available treatment options fail to correct the true drivers of the obesity pandemic. To this end, new solutions and efforts to prevent obesity in the populations are needed.}, }
@article {pmid35146574, year = {2022}, author = {Khajoei Nasab, F and Mehrabian, A and Mostafavi, H and Neemati, A}, title = {The influence of climate change on the suitable habitats of Allium species endemic to Iran.}, journal = {Environmental monitoring and assessment}, volume = {194}, number = {3}, pages = {169}, pmid = {35146574}, issn = {1573-2959}, abstract = {Identifying the consequences of global warming on the potential distribution of plant taxa with high species diversity or a high proportion of endemic species is one of the critical steps in conservation biology. Here, present and future spatial distribution patterns of 20 Allium endemic species were predicted in Iran. In this regard, the maximum entropy model (MaxEnt) and seven environmental factors were applied. In addition, optimistic (RCP2.6) and pessimistic (RCP8.5) scenarios of 2050 and 2080 were also considered to predict the future spatial distributions. The results showed that annual mean temperature (BIO1), temperature annual range (P5-P6) (BIO7), soil organic carbon content, annual precipitation (BIO12), and depth of soil were the most important environmental variables affecting the distributions of the studied taxa. In total, the model predictions under the future scenarios represented that the suitable habitats for all Allium species endemic to Zagros except for A. saralicum and A. esfahanicum are most probably increased. In contrast, the suitable habitats for all species in Azerbaijan Plateau, Kopet Dagh-Khorassan region, and Alborz except for A. derderianum are most likely decreased under the future climate conditions. The present study indicates that the habitats of Alborz, Azarbaijan, and Kopet Dagh-Khorassan will be probably very fragile and vulnerable to climate change and most species will respond strongly negatively under applied scenarios, while Zagros species occupy new habitats by expanding their distributions. Therefore, determining conservation strategies for the species in these regions seems to be very important and high priority for decision makers.}, }
@article {pmid35146153, year = {2022}, author = {Razali, NEM and Ramli, RZ and Mohamed, H and Mat Zin, NA and Rosdi, F and Mat Diah, N}, title = {Identifying and validating game design elements in serious game guideline for climate change.}, journal = {Heliyon}, volume = {8}, number = {1}, pages = {e08773}, doi = {10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e08773}, pmid = {35146153}, issn = {2405-8440}, abstract = {Climate change can simply be defined as an increase in temperature, normally referred to as global warming. Recent studies have confirmed the failure of many climate communication efforts due to the one-directional transmission of information that has transformed the audience into passive consumers of information. The young generation tends to be avid gamers, thus serious games could be a suitable medium to increase climate change awareness in order to cultivate a better attitude towards nature among this group. However, very few games focus on carbon cycle fundamentals that are directly related to climate change. Existing climate change games have been unable to improve the quality of knowledge on environmental issues due to the lack of contextualization of the carbon cycle. Thus, the purpose of this study was to develop and verify a guideline of game design elements to assist game developers in developing a climate change game that can facilitate experiential learning on climate change based on the carbon cycle. The guideline consists of 13 game elements derived from previous studies. Seven experts from both game and environmental areas were selected to review the designed guideline. The experts were given two to six weeks to evaluate the guideline and were asked to rate and comment on each game element. At the end of the review, the experts' feedback and comments were analysed and scrutinised. The results showed positive feedback from all experts. The guideline was updated based on the experts' comments, and finally a total of 12 game elements for a climate change game remained. This guideline can be applied to develop a new climate change game. This paper discusses the validation of the guideline proposed for a climate change game design.}, }
@article {pmid35145191, year = {2022}, author = {Lima, VP and de Lima, RAF and Joner, F and Siddique, I and Raes, N and Ter Steege, H}, title = {Climate change threatens native potential agroforestry plant species in Brazil.}, journal = {Scientific reports}, volume = {12}, number = {1}, pages = {2267}, pmid = {35145191}, issn = {2045-2322}, support = {Finance Code 001//Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - Brasil (CAPES)/ ; No 795114//European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement/ ; }, abstract = {Climate change is one of the main drivers of species extinction in the twentyfirst-century. Here, we (1) quantify potential changes in species' bioclimatic area of habitat (BAH) of 135 native potential agroforestry species from the Brazilian flora, using two different climate change scenarios (SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5) and dispersal scenarios, where species have no ability to disperse and reach new areas (non-dispersal) and where species can migrate within the estimated BAH (full dispersal) for 2041-2060 and 2061-2080. We then (2) assess the preliminary conservation status of each species based on IUCN criteria. Current and future potential habitats for species were predicted using MaxEnt, a machine-learning algorithm used to estimate species' probability distribution. Future climate is predicted to trigger a mean decline in BAH between 38.5-56.3% under the non-dispersal scenario and between 22.3-41.9% under the full dispersal scenario for 135 native potential agroforestry species. Additionally, we found that only 4.3% of the studied species could be threatened under the IUCN Red List criteria B1 and B2. However, when considering the predicted quantitative habitat loss due to climate change (A3c criterion) the percentages increased between 68.8-84.4% under the non-dispersal scenario and between 40.7-64.4% under the full dispersal scenario. To lessen such threats, we argue that encouraging the use of these species in rural and peri-urban agroecosystems are promising, complementary strategies for their long-term conservation.}, }
@article {pmid35144821, year = {2022}, author = {Boivin-Rioux, A and Starr, M and Chassé, J and Scarratt, M and Perrie, W and Long, Z and Lavoie, D}, title = {Harmful algae and climate change on the Canadian East Coast: Exploring occurrence predictions of Dinophysis acuminata, D. norvegica, and Pseudo-nitzschia seriata.}, journal = {Harmful algae}, volume = {112}, number = {}, pages = {102183}, doi = {10.1016/j.hal.2022.102183}, pmid = {35144821}, issn = {1878-1470}, abstract = {Harmful algal blooms (HABs) are a threat to human health, local economies, and coastal ecosystems. Generalized additive mixed models (GAMMs) were fitted using a 24-y database in order to predict future occurrences of three distinct species of HABs on the Canadian East Coast, the dinoflagellates Dinophysis acuminata and D. norvegica, and the diatom Pseudo-nitzschia seriata. GAMMs produced for each species were combined with two downscaled climate simulations (MPI-ESM-LR and CanESM2) under the representative concentration pathway (RCP) 8.5 over the 21st century. D. acuminata, D. norvegica, and P. seriata GAMMs were fitted using sea surface salinity and sea surface temperature, with wind speed averaged over seven days added to the P. seriata model. GAMMs succeeded at various degrees at reproducing past HAB events, with D. acuminata and D. norvegica being accurately modelled, and P. seriata producing less precise model results. Both climate simulations lead to similar conclusions in regards to the spatio-temporal shift in occurrences of the three studied species. D. acuminata and D. norvegica blooms (≥ 1000 cells L - 1) are predicted to increase in the future, whereas P. seriata bloom events (≥ 5000 cells L - 1) will tend to stabilise/decrease overall on the Canadian East Coast. Dinophysis blooms are most likely to increase in the St. Lawrence Estuary. Pseudo-nitzschia blooms will move to the northeastern part of the Gulf of St. Lawrence and will increase in the Bay of Fundy/Gulf of Maine regions. On average, earlier blooms and larger seasonal windows of opportunity are predicted across all species investigated. We conclude that changes in D. acuminata, D. norvegica, and P. seriata bloom dynamics and their spatial distributions could threaten aquaculture industries and ecosystem health on Canada's East Coast in localities and during seasons which were not previously impacted by these species.}, }
@article {pmid35144694, year = {2022}, author = {Zhang, R and Tang, X and Liu, J and Visbeck, M and Guo, H and Murray, V and Mcgillycuddy, C and Ke, B and Kalonji, G and Zhai, P and Shi, X and Lu, J and Zhou, X and Kan, H and Han, Q and Ye, Q and Luo, Y and Chen, J and Cai, W and Ouyang, H and Djalante, R and Baklanov, A and Ren, L and Brasseur, G and Gao, GF and Zhou, L}, title = {From concept to action: a united, holistic and One Health approach to respond to the climate change crisis.}, journal = {Infectious diseases of poverty}, volume = {11}, number = {1}, pages = {17}, pmid = {35144694}, issn = {2049-9957}, support = {21230780200//Scientific and Innovative Action Plan of Shanghai/ ; }, abstract = {It is unequivocal that human influence has warmed the planet, which is seriously affecting the planetary health including human health. Adapting climate change should not only be a slogan, but requires a united, holistic action and a paradigm shift from crisis response to an ambitious and integrated approach immediately. Recognizing the urgent needs to tackle the risk connection between climate change and One Health, the four key messages and recommendations that with the intent to guide further research and to promote international cooperation to achieve a more climate-resilient world are provided.}, }
@article {pmid35143000, year = {2022}, author = {U-Din, S and Nazir, MS and Sarfraz, M}, title = {The climate change and stock market: catastrophes of the Canadian weather.}, journal = {Environmental science and pollution research international}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, pmid = {35143000}, issn = {1614-7499}, abstract = {In the last few decades, the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events have increased in many parts of the world, including Canada, as a result of global warming. Climate warming in Canada is about double the magnitude of global warming; therefore, the effects of weather catastrophes are expected to be higher in Canada compared to other economies. This study explores the impact of weather catastrophes on the Canadian stock market over the period 1988-2016. A mix of accounting ratios and statistical tests is used to estimate the effects of the extreme weather events on the Toronto Stock Exchange (TSX) composite and its subsector indices. A significant negative effect of the weather catastrophes on stock market returns and volatility is noticed a day after the extreme weather events. This effect is widespread in all sub-sectors of the market; IT and financial services sectors are the most impacted, while the consumer staples sector is the least. It is concluded that the impact of climate warming in Canada is higher and more widespread compared to other economies.}, }
@article {pmid35142006, year = {2022}, author = {Baldwin, JW and Garcia-Porta, J and Botero, CA}, title = {Phenotypic responses to climate change are significantly dampened in big-brained birds.}, journal = {Ecology letters}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1111/ele.13971}, pmid = {35142006}, issn = {1461-0248}, abstract = {Anthropogenic climate change is rapidly altering local environments and threatening biodiversity throughout the world. Although many wildlife responses to this phenomenon appear largely idiosyncratic, a wealth of basic research on this topic is enabling the identification of general patterns across taxa. Here, we expand those efforts by investigating how avian responses to climate change are affected by the ability to cope with ecological variation through behavioural flexibility (as measured by relative brain size). After accounting for the effects of phylogenetic uncertainty and interspecific variation in adaptive potential, we confirm that although climate warming is generally correlated with major body size reductions in North American migrants, these responses are significantly weaker in species with larger relative brain sizes. Our findings suggest that cognition can play an important role in organismal responses to global change by actively buffering individuals from the environmental effects of warming temperatures.}, }
@article {pmid35140186, year = {2022}, author = {McDermott, A}, title = {News Feature: Climate change hastens disease spread across the globe.}, journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America}, volume = {119}, number = {7}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1073/pnas.2200481119}, pmid = {35140186}, issn = {1091-6490}, }
@article {pmid35139427, year = {2022}, author = {Gillespie, E and Schramm, PJ and Hsu, J}, title = {U.S. public health response to climate change, for allergists-immunologists.}, journal = {Annals of allergy, asthma &amp; immunology : official publication of the American College of Allergy, Asthma, &amp; Immunology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.anai.2022.02.002}, pmid = {35139427}, issn = {1534-4436}, }
@article {pmid35138754, year = {2022}, author = {Van Bree, EM and Mattijsen, JC}, title = {[Call to integrate climate change in medical education].}, journal = {Nederlands tijdschrift voor geneeskunde}, volume = {166}, number = {}, pages = {}, pmid = {35138754}, issn = {1876-8784}, abstract = {Climate change forms an urgent health threat and gains attention in global medical literature as well as in Dutch healthcare. Climate change, however, is still absent in medical education. Health professionals must acquire knowledge concerning the health effects of climate change and train the values, skills, capacities, and motivation necessary to contribute to climate adaptation and mitigation. Dutch medical schools pay little to no attention to the theme of climate change and health in their curricula. In contrast, recent findings reveal that 83% of medical students in the Netherlands want to learn more about the health effects of climate change and that 72% of students believe the topic should receive more attention in their curriculum. Various research papers that have contributed to an outline for the implementation of climate and health education are discussed in this paper. We urgently call on universities, educators, and students to realise its implementation.}, }
@article {pmid35138591, year = {2022}, author = {Dietz, WH and Pryor, S}, title = {How Can We Act to Mitigate the Global Syndemic of Obesity, Undernutrition, and Climate Change?.}, journal = {Current obesity reports}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, pmid = {35138591}, issn = {2162-4968}, abstract = {PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The goal of this manuscript is to identify dietary and active transport strategies that reduce greenhouse gases and obesity, and thereby mitigate the effects of climate change on crop yields and micronutrient content.<br><br>RECENT FINDINGS: This report builds on our earlier publication that described the Global Syndemic of Obesity, Undernutrition, and Climate Change. We focus here on the contributions that the USA makes to the Global Syndemic and the policy solutions necessary to reduce the effects of the transport and food and agriculture systems on greenhouse gas emissions and environmental degradation. A recent study suggests that people are interested and ready to address local solutions to climate change. Changing the individual behaviors that sustain the US transport and food and agriculture systems is the first step to the broader engagement necessary to build the political will that to achieve institutional, municipal, state, and federal policy.}, }
@article {pmid35138418, year = {2022}, author = {Novosel, S and Prangenberg, C and Wirtz, DC and Burger, C and Welle, K and Kabir, K}, title = {[Climate change: how surgery contributes to global warming].}, journal = {Der Chirurg; Zeitschrift fur alle Gebiete der operativen Medizen}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, pmid = {35138418}, issn = {1433-0385}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Surgery as an important part of the healthcare sector contributes to environmental pollution and therefore to the climate crisis. The aim of this review is to create an overview of the current data situation and possibilities for improvement.<br><br>METHODS: A literature search was performed in PubMed/MEDLINE using the following five terms: "carbon footprint and surgery", "climate change and surgery", "waste and surgery" and "greening the operating room" focusing on energy, waste, water and anesthesia.<br><br>RESULTS: The greatest part of emissions in surgery is generated by the use of energy. The operating rooms (OR) need 3-6 times more energy than the other hospital rooms. Of the total hospital waste 20-30% is produced during operations, which is particularly due to the increasing use of disposable articles and 50-90% of waste classified as hazardous is incorrectly sorted. The disposal of this waste is not only more environmentally harmful but also much more expensive. The processing of surgical items by autoclaving consumes large amounts of water. Modern sterilization methods, for example using plasma could be future alternatives. Up to 20% of volatile nonmetabolized anesthetic agents are vented into the stratosphere and destroy the ozone layer. Intravenous anesthetic drugs should be used whenever possible instead. The choice of operating method can also contribute to the environmental impact of an operation.<br><br>CONCLUSION: The surgical disciplines are a relevant producer of environmental pollutants. Through diverse interdisciplinary approaches surgery can also contribute to protecting the environment.}, }
@article {pmid35137310, year = {2022}, author = {Deng, X and Hu, S and Zhan, C}, title = {Attribution of vegetation coverage change to climate change and human activities based on the geographic detectors in the Yellow River Basin, China.}, journal = {Environmental science and pollution research international}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, pmid = {35137310}, issn = {1614-7499}, support = {2020ZD0009//Major Science and Technology Projects of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region/ ; 41971232//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; }, abstract = {Quantitatively, analyzing the driving mechanism of vegetation coverage change is of important significance for regional ecological environment evaluation and protection. Based on time series NDVI data and meteorological data of the Yellow River Basin (Inner Mongolia Section), the trend and significance of climate factors and vegetation coverage in the YRB (IMS) and four sub-regions (the Hetao Irrigation district, the Ten Tributaries region, the Hunhe river basin, and the Dahei river basin) from 2000 to 2018 were ascertained. We used geographic detectors to quantitatively analyze the effects of detection factors on vegetation coverage change. The results indicated that the spatial pattern of vegetation variation and climate change had obvious spatial heterogeneity. During 2000-2018, the regions with vegetation improvement (72.87%) were much greater than that with degradation (26.55%) in the YRB (IMS). Annual precipitation change (4.55%) was a key driving factor to the vegetation coverage change in the YRB (IMS). Among the four sub-regions, the land use conversion type demonstrated the largest explanatory power, but the q values of the four sub-regions were different from each other. The results of the interaction showed that land use change and annual precipitation change were the major driving factors that influenced regional vegetation coverage change. This study has an important reference value for improving the basin's ecological environment.}, }
@article {pmid35137265, year = {2022}, author = {McKinley, IG and West, JM and Hardie, SML}, title = {A Risk Management Perspective on Climate Change: Lessons Learned from the Nuclear Industry.}, journal = {Environmental management}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, pmid = {35137265}, issn = {1432-1009}, abstract = {Despite the widely acknowledged role of the anthropogenic drivers of climate change, there has been little success in developing a clear overview of the strengths and weaknesses of counter-measures or developing a consensus on their application. Problems with conventional approaches arise from the strongly coupled, multidisciplinary issues involved and the long timescales (centuries or more) over which some key processes operate. Here we outline an alternative approach based on experience gained in risk assessment for an area with similar challenges-the geological disposal of radioactive waste. Utilization of such risk assessment approaches and tools to facilitate a holistic, top-down synthesis of the interactions between the key features, events and processes driving climate change and constraining responses to it, are illustrated. We especially focus on visual presentations that encourage dialog between both specialists and non-technical stakeholders. These can thus form a basis to assist balancing responses in terms of energy policy, modified socio-economic boundary conditions and environmental management.}, }
@article {pmid35134022, year = {2021}, author = {Anjum, S and Callaghan, H and Johnson, B}, title = {Medical Schools Must Teach More Innovative Methods of Treatment to Mitigate the Impact of Climate Change.}, journal = {Academic medicine : journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges}, volume = {96}, number = {12}, pages = {1627-1628}, pmid = {35134022}, issn = {1938-808X}, }
@article {pmid35129842, year = {2022}, author = {Weaver, SA and Mallinger, RE}, title = {A specialist bee and its host plants experience phenological shifts at different rates in response to climate change.}, journal = {Ecology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {e3658}, doi = {10.1002/ecy.3658}, pmid = {35129842}, issn = {1939-9170}, abstract = {Changes in climate can alter the phenology of organisms, potentially decoupling partners within mutualisms. Previous studies have shown that plant and pollinator phenologies are shifting over time, but these shifts have primarily been documented for generalists and within small geographic regions, and the specific climatic cues regulating these shifts are not well-understood. We examined phenological shifts in a specialist pollinator and its host plant species over a 117-year study period using a digitized dataset of over 4000 unique collection records. We assess how climatic cues regulate these organisms' phenologies using PRISM weather data associated with each record. We tested the hypothesis that rates of phenological change would be greater at northern latitudes. We found that the phenology of the specialist bee pollinator Habropoda laboriosa is changing over time, but at different rates across its range. Specifically, phenology is advancing to a greater degree in more northern populations, with increasing phenological advances of 0.04 days/year with each degree of latitude, and with a delay in phenology in more southern populations. In contrast, only one species in the host plant genus Vaccinium is experiencing phenological change over time. For this plant, rates of change are also variable across latitudes, but in a pattern opposite that of the bee; while phenology is advancing across its range, rates of advance are highest in more southern populations, with decreasing phenological advances of 0.01 days/year with each degree of latitude. The phenologies of both the bee and three of four Vaccinium spp. were regulated primarily by spring temperature, with phenologies overall advancing with increasing temperature, and with the strongest responses shown by the bee in northern populations. Our study provides partial support for the hypothesis that phenologies advance most at northern latitudes, but demonstrates that pollinators and plants do not adhere similarly to this prediction. Additionally, we illustrate the potential for phenological mismatch between a specialist pollinator and its host plants by showing that plants and pollinators are advancing their phenologies at different rates across space and time and with differing responses to changing climatic cues.}, }
@article {pmid35129261, year = {2022}, author = {Bezner Kerr, R and Naess, LO and Allen-O'Neil, B and Totin, E and Nyantakyi-Frimpong, H and Risvoll, C and Rivera Ferre, MG and López-I-Gelats, F and Eriksen, S}, title = {Interplays between changing biophysical and social limits under climate change: implications for sustainable adaptation in food systems.}, journal = {Global change biology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1111/gcb.16124}, pmid = {35129261}, issn = {1365-2486}, abstract = {Climate change scenarios have significant implications for the livelihoods and food security of particular groups in society and will necessitate a range of adaptation actions. While there is a significant literature on the social as well as biophysical factors and limits to adaptation, less is known about the interactions between these, and what such interactions mean for the prospects of achieving sustainable and resilient food systems. This paper is an attempt at addressing this gap by examining changing biophysical and social factors, with specific consideration of vulnerable groups, across four case studies (Ghana, Malawi, Norway and Spain). In each case, future climate change scenarios and associated biophysical limits are mapped onto four key social factors that drive vulnerability and mediate adaptation, namely scale, history, power and politics, and social differentiation. We then consider what the interaction between biophysical limits and socio-political dynamics means for the options for, and limits to future adaptation, and how climate may interact with, and reshape, socio-political elements. We find that biophysical limits and socio-political factors do not operate in isolation, but interact, with dynamic relationships determining the 'space' or set of options for sustainable adaptation. By connecting the perspectives of biophysical and social factors, the study illuminates the risks of unanticipated outcomes that result from the disregard of local contexts in the implementation of adaptation measures. We conclude that a framework focusing on the space for sustainable adaptation conditioned by biophysical and social factors, and their interactions, can help provide evidence on what does and does not constitute sustainable adaptation, and help to counter unhelpful narratives of climate change as a sole or dominant cause of challenges in food systems.}, }
@article {pmid35127032, year = {2022}, author = {Duarte, AG and Maherali, H}, title = {A meta-analysis of the effects of climate change on the mutualism between plants and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi.}, journal = {Ecology and evolution}, volume = {12}, number = {1}, pages = {e8518}, doi = {10.1002/ece3.8518}, pmid = {35127032}, issn = {2045-7758}, abstract = {Climate change and other anthropogenic activities have the potential to alter the dynamics of resource exchange in the mutualistic symbiosis between plants and mycorrhizal fungi, potentially altering its stability. Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, which interact with most plant species, are less cold-tolerant than other groups of fungi; warming might therefore lead to increased fungal-mediated nutrient transfers to plants, which could strengthen the mutualism. By stimulating photosynthesis, rising CO2 could reduce the carbon cost of supporting AM fungi, which may also strengthen the mutualism. Furthermore, rising temperature and CO2 could have stronger effects on the mutualism in wild plants than in domesticated plants because the process of domestication can reduce the dependence of plants on mycorrhizal fungi. We conducted a multi-level random effects meta-analysis of experiments that quantified the strength of the mutualism as plant growth response to AM fungal inoculation (i.e., mycorrhizal growth response) under contrasting temperature and CO2 treatments that spanned the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) to those expected with future climate change. We tested predictions using a three-level mixed effects meta-regression model with temperature or CO2, domestication status and their interaction as moderators. Increases from subambient to ambient temperature stimulated mycorrhizal growth response only for wild, but not for domesticated plant species. An increase from ambient to superambient temperature stimulated mycorrhizal growth response in both wild and domesticated plants, but the overall temperature effect was not statistically significant. By contrast, increased CO2 concentration, either from subambient to ambient or ambient to super ambient levels, did not affect mycorrhizal growth response in wild or domesticated plants. These results suggest the mutualism between wild plants and AM fungi was likely strengthened as temperature rose from the past to the present and that forecasted warming due to climate change may have modest positive effects on the mutualistic responses of plants to AM fungi. Mutualistic benefits obtained by plants from AM fungi may not have been altered by atmospheric CO2 increases from the past to the present, nor are they likely to be affected by a forecasted CO2 increase. This meta-analysis also identified gaps in the literature. In particular, (i) a large majority of studies that examined temperature effects on the mutualism focus on domesticated species (>80% of all trials) and (ii) very few studies examine how rising temperature and CO2, or other anthropogenic effects, interact to influence the mutualism. Therefore, to predict the stability of the mycorrhizal mutualism in the Anthropocene, future work should prioritize wild plant species as study subjects and focus on identifying how climate change factors and other human activities interact to affect plant responses to AM fungi.}, }
@article {pmid35127026, year = {2022}, author = {Andrzejak, M and Korell, L and Auge, H and Knight, TM}, title = {Effects of climate change and pollen supplementation on the reproductive success of two grassland plant species.}, journal = {Ecology and evolution}, volume = {12}, number = {1}, pages = {e8501}, doi = {10.1002/ece3.8501}, pmid = {35127026}, issn = {2045-7758}, abstract = {Climate change has the potential to alter plant reproductive success directly and indirectly through disruptions in animal pollination. Climate models project altered seasonal precipitation patterns, and thus, the effects of climate change on available resources and pollination services will depend on the season. Plants have evolved reproductive strategies to so they are not limited by either pollen or water availability in their reproductive success, and therefore, we expect that the disruption of climate change might cause plants to be more pollen limited in seasons that become wetter than they were historically. In this study, we conducted a pollen supplementation experiment within the Global Change Experiment Facility (GCEF) in Central Germany. The GCEF experimentally manipulates future climate based on a realistic scenario of climate change for the region (drier summers and wetter springs and falls) in a native grassland ecosystem. We quantified seed production of two perennial species Dianthus carthusianorum and Scabiosa ochroleuca in response to pollination treatments (control, supplement), climate treatments (ambient and future) and season (summer and fall). Dianthus carthusianorum produced more seeds in future climate conditions independent of the season, but only when given supplemental pollen. Both species showed an increased reproduction in summer compared with the fall. We did not find evidence for our specific expectation of higher pollen limitation in the future climate and fall season (i.e., no three-way interaction pollination × season × climate), which might be explained by the high-drought tolerance and generalized pollination of our focal plant species. We conclude that plant reproductive success has the potential to change with changing climates and that this change will depend on how pollinator services change in the future. We offer many suggestions for future studies that are necessary to understand the context dependence and underlying mechanisms of plant reproductive responses to climate.}, }
@article {pmid35127016, year = {2022}, author = {Fisher, MC and Helser, TE and Kang, S and Gwak, W and Canino, MF and Hauser, L}, title = {Genetic structure and dispersal in peripheral populations of a marine fish (Pacific cod, Gadus macrocephalus) and their importance for adaptation to climate change.}, journal = {Ecology and evolution}, volume = {12}, number = {1}, pages = {e8474}, doi = {10.1002/ece3.8474}, pmid = {35127016}, issn = {2045-7758}, abstract = {Small and isolated peripheral populations, which are often remnants of glacial refugia, offer an opportunity to determine the magnitude and direction of fine-scale connectivity in high gene flow marine species. When located at the equatorial edge of a species' range, these populations may also harbor genetic diversity related to survival and reproduction at higher temperatures, a critical resource for marine species facing warming ocean temperatures. Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus), a marine fish in the North Pacific, has already experienced major shifts in biomass and distribution linked to climate change. We estimated the magnitude and direction of connectivity between peripheral populations of Pacific cod at the southern edge of the species' range, by conducting restriction site-associated DNA (RAD) sequencing and individual assignment on fish collected around the Korean Peninsula during the spawning season. Three populations on the western, eastern, and southern Korean coasts were highly differentiated (FST = 0.025-0.042) and relatively small (Ne = 433-1,777). Ten putative dispersers and estimates of contemporary migration rates revealed asymmetrical, west-to-east movement around the Korean Peninsula, at a higher rate than predicted by indirect estimates of connectivity (FST). Allele frequencies at 87 RAD loci were decisively correlated with strong marine temperature gradients between the warmer southern coast and the cooler waters of the eastern and western coasts. Despite relatively small sample sizes, our data suggest asymmetrical dispersal and gene flow, potentially involving adaptive alleles, between peripheral populations inhabiting markedly different thermal regimes. Our study emphasizes the conservation value of peripheral populations in high gene flow marine fish species.}, }
@article {pmid35127002, year = {2022}, author = {Bader, MY and Moureau, E and Nikolić, N and Madena, T and Koehn, N and Zotz, G}, title = {Simulating climate change in situ in a tropical rainforest understorey using active air warming and CO2 addition.}, journal = {Ecology and evolution}, volume = {12}, number = {1}, pages = {e8406}, doi = {10.1002/ece3.8406}, pmid = {35127002}, issn = {2045-7758}, abstract = {Future climate-change effects on plant growth are most effectively studied using microclimate-manipulation experiments, the design of which has seen much advance in recent years. For tropical forests, however, such experiments are particularly hard to install and have hence not been widely used. We present a system of active heating and CO2 fertilization for use in tropical forest understoreys, where passive heating is not possible. The system was run for 2 years to study climate-change effects on epiphytic bryophytes, but is also deemed suitable to study other understorey plants. Warm air and CO2 addition were applied in 1.6-m-tall, 1.2-m-diameter hexagonal open-top chambers and the microclimate in the chambers compared to outside air. Warming was regulated with a feedback system while CO2 addition was fixed. The setup successfully heated the air by 2.8 K and increased CO2 by 250 ppm on average, with +3 K and +300 ppm as the targets. Variation was high, especially due to technical breakdowns, but not biased to times of the day or year. In the warming treatment, absolute humidity slightly increased but relative humidity dropped by between 6% and 15% (and the vapor pressure deficit increased) compared to ambient, depending on the level of warming achieved in each chamber. Compared to other heating systems, the chambers provide a realistic warming and CO2 treatment, but moistening the incoming air would be needed to avoid drying as a confounding factor. The method is preferable over infrared heating in the radiation-poor forest understorey, particularly when combined with CO2 fertilization. It is suitable for plant-level studies, but ecosystem-level studies in forests may require chamber-less approaches like infrared heating and free-air CO2 enrichment. By presenting the advantages and limitations of our approach, we aim to facilitate further climate-change experiments in tropical forests, which are urgently needed to understand the processes determining future element fluxes and biodiversity changes in these ecosystems.}, }
@article {pmid35126645, year = {2022}, author = {Chen, Z and Grossfurthner, L and Loxterman, JL and Masingale, J and Richardson, BA and Seaborn, T and Smith, B and Waits, LP and Narum, SR}, title = {Applying genomics in assisted migration under climate change: Framework, empirical applications, and case studies.}, journal = {Evolutionary applications}, volume = {15}, number = {1}, pages = {3-21}, doi = {10.1111/eva.13335}, pmid = {35126645}, issn = {1752-4571}, abstract = {The rate of global climate change is projected to outpace the ability of many natural populations and species to adapt. Assisted migration (AM), which is defined as the managed movement of climate-adapted individuals within or outside the species ranges, is a conservation option to improve species' adaptive capacity and facilitate persistence. Although conservation biologists have long been using genetic tools to increase or maintain diversity of natural populations, genomic techniques could add extra benefit in AM that include selectively neutral and adaptive regions of the genome. In this review, we first propose a framework along with detailed procedures to aid collaboration among scientists, agencies, and local and regional managers during the decision-making process of genomics-guided AM. We then summarize the genomic approaches for applying AM, followed by a literature search of existing incorporation of genomics in AM across taxa. Our literature search initially identified 729 publications, but after filtering returned only 50 empirical studies that were either directly applied or considered genomics in AM related to climate change across taxa of plants, terrestrial animals, and aquatic animals; 42 studies were in plants. This demonstrated limited application of genomic methods in AM in organisms other than plants, so we provide further case studies as two examples to demonstrate the negative impact of climate change on non-model species and how genomics could be applied in AM. With the rapidly developing sequencing technology and accumulating genomic data, we expect to see more successful applications of genomics in AM, and more broadly, in the conservation of biodiversity.}, }
@article {pmid35126403, year = {2021}, author = {Wang, X and Liu, Y and Li, X and He, S and Zhong, M and Shang, F}, title = {Spatiotemporal Variation of Osmanthus fragrans Phenology in China in Response to Climate Change From 1973 to 1996.}, journal = {Frontiers in plant science}, volume = {12}, number = {}, pages = {716071}, doi = {10.3389/fpls.2021.716071}, pmid = {35126403}, issn = {1664-462X}, abstract = {Climate change greatly affects spring and autumn plant phenology around the world consequently, and significantly impacts ecosystem function and the social economy. However, autumn plant phenology, especially autumn flowering phenology, has not been studied so far. In this study, we examined the spatiotemporal pattern of Osmanthus fragrans phenology, including both leaf phenology (the date of bud-bust, BBD; first leaf unfolding, FLD; and 50% of leaf unfolding, 50 LD) and flowering phenology (the date of first flowering, FFD; peak of flowering, PFD; and end of flowering, EFD). Stepwise multiple linear regressions were employed to analyze the relationships between phenophases and climatic factors in the long term phenological data collected by the Chinese Phenological Observation Network from 1973 to 1996. The results showed that spring leaf phenophases and autumn flowering phenophases were strongly affected by latitude. BBD, FLD, and 50LD of O. fragrans were delayed by 3.98, 3.93, and 4.40 days as per degree of latitude increased, while FFD, PFD and EFD in O. fragrans advanced 3.11, 3.26, and 2.99 days, respectively. During the entire study period, BBD was significantly delayed across the region, whereas no significant trends were observed either in FLD or 50LD. Notably, all flowering phenophases of O. fragrans were delayed. Both leaf and flowering phenophases negatively correlated with growing degree-days (GDD) and cold degree-days (CDD), respectively. BBD and FLD were negatively correlated with total annual precipitation. In addition to the effects of climate on autumn flowering phenology, we found that earlier spring leaf phenophases led to delayed autumn flowering phenophases. Our results suggest that future climate change and global warming might delay the phenological sequence of O. fragrans. Our findings also advanced the flowering mechanism study of autumn flowering plants, and facilitated the accurate prediction of future phenology and climate change.}, }
@article {pmid35124036, year = {2022}, author = {Alizadeh, MR and Adamowski, J and Inam, A}, title = {Integrated assessment of localized SSP-RCP narratives for climate change adaptation in coupled human-water systems.}, journal = {The Science of the total environment}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {153660}, doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153660}, pmid = {35124036}, issn = {1879-1026}, abstract = {The assessment of climate change impacts requires downscaled climate projections and context-specific socioeconomic scenarios. The development of practical climate change adaptation for environmental sustainability at regional and local scales, is predicated on a strong understanding of future socio-economic dynamics under a range of potential climate projections. We have addressed this need using integrated assessment modeling of a localized hybrid Shared Socio-economic Pathway - Representative Concentration Pathway (SSP-RCP) framework, through an interdisciplinary and participatory storyline development process that integrates bottom-up local expert-stakeholder knowledge with top-down insights from global SSPs. We expend the global SSPs (SSP1 to SSP5) as boundary conditions in conjunction with climate change pathways (RCP4.5, RCP8.5) to create localized SSP narratives in an iterative participatory process, using a storytelling method. By using a integrated socio-economic and environmental system dynamic model developed in collaboration with local stakeholders, we explore the potential impacts of plausible local SSP-RCP narratives and quantify important socio-environmental vulnerabilities of a human-water system (e.g., crop yields, farm income, water security and groundwater depletion) by the mid-century period (i.e., by 2050). The framework is developed to inform climate adaptation for Pakistan's Rechna Doab region, which serves as a representative case of a multi-stakeholder coupled human-water system operating in a developing country. Our results suggest that even under limited socio-economic improvements (e.g., technology, policies, institutions, environmental awareness) water security would be expected to decline and environmental degradation (e.g., groundwater depletion) to worsen. Under RCP 4.5, the average projected increase in water demand in 2030 will be about 7.32% for all SSP scenarios narratives, and 10.82% by mid-century. Groundwater use varies significantly across SSPs which results in an average increase of about 29.06% for all SSPs. The proposed framework facilitates the development of future adaptation policies that should consider regional and local planning as well as socio-economic conditions.}, }
@article {pmid35121456, year = {2022}, author = {Senanayake, S and Pradhan, B}, title = {Predicting soil erosion susceptibility associated with climate change scenarios in the Central Highlands of Sri Lanka.}, journal = {Journal of environmental management}, volume = {308}, number = {}, pages = {114589}, doi = {10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.114589}, pmid = {35121456}, issn = {1095-8630}, abstract = {Soil erosion hazard is one of the prominent climate hazards that negatively impact countries' economies and livelihood. According to the global climate index, Sri Lanka is ranked among the first ten countries most threatened by climate change during the last three years (2018-2020). However, limited studies were conducted to simulate the impact of the soil erosion vulnerability based on climate scenarios. This study aims to assess and predict soil erosion susceptibility using climate change projected scenarios: Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) in the Central Highlands of Sri Lanka. The potential of soil erosion susceptibility was predicted to 2040, depending on climate change scenarios, RCP 2.6 and RCP 8.5. Five models: revised universal soil loss (RUSLE), frequency ratio (FR), artificial neural networks (ANN), support vector machine (SVM) and adaptive network-based fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) were selected as widely applied for hazards assessments. Eight geo-environmental factors were selected as inputs to model the soil erosion susceptibility. Results of the five models demonstrate that soil erosion vulnerability (soil erosion rates) will increase 4%-22% compared to the current soil erosion rate (2020). The predictions indicate average soil erosion will increase to 10.50 t/ha/yr and 12.4 t/ha/yr under the RCP 2.6 and RCP 8.5 climate scenario in 2040, respectively. The ANFIS and SVM model predictions showed the highest accuracy (89%) on soil erosion susceptibility for this study area. The soil erosion susceptibility maps provide a good understanding of future soil erosion vulnerability (spatial distribution) and can be utilized to develop climate resilience.}, }
@article {pmid35119642, year = {2022}, author = {Azizi, J and Zarei, N and Ali, S}, title = {The short- and long-term impacts of climate change on the irrigated barley yield in Iran: an application of dynamic ordinary least squares approach.}, journal = {Environmental science and pollution research international}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, pmid = {35119642}, issn = {1614-7499}, abstract = {Given the extensive impacts of climate change on the agricultural sector and their interactions, the climate change is known as one of the main factors influencing agricultural production. The present study aims to explore the short- and long-term impacts of climate change on the yield of irrigated barley in 28 Iranian provinces over the 1999-2015 period. The research uses panel data and dynamic ordinary least squares (DOLS) method. The study also estimated the threshold levels of temperature and rainfall which confirmed an inverted U-shaped relationship between climate change variables and irrigated barley yield. The threshold levels of temperature and rainfall are estimated to be 15.48 °C and 239 mm, respectively; beyond these threshold levels, the increase in temperature and rainfall have negative impact on barley yield in Iran. The long-term elasticity of temperature shows that the yield will be reduced with the increase in temperature in the long run. Same is the case with the precipitation and barley yield. The findings of the study suggest the need of a comprehensive national climate change policy and alignment of sectoral policies with it mitigate and adapt the climate change and global warming. Moreover, it also provided the guidelines for the government and policy-makers to introduce the use of modern eco-friendly and resource saving technologies such as water-saving methods of irrigation, use of fertilizer in required quantities, and improved seeds use. The government should also introduce the climate change awareness programs especially for farmers.}, }
@article {pmid35119455, year = {2022}, author = {Barnes, EM and Tringe, SG}, title = {Exploring the roles of microbes in facilitating plant adaptation to climate change.}, journal = {The Biochemical journal}, volume = {479}, number = {3}, pages = {327-335}, doi = {10.1042/BCJ20210793}, pmid = {35119455}, issn = {1470-8728}, abstract = {Plants benefit from their close association with soil microbes which assist in their response to abiotic and biotic stressors. Yet much of what we know about plant stress responses is based on studies where the microbial partners were uncontrolled and unknown. Under climate change, the soil microbial community will also be sensitive to and respond to abiotic and biotic stressors. Thus, facilitating plant adaptation to climate change will require a systems-based approach that accounts for the multi-dimensional nature of plant-microbe-environment interactions. In this perspective, we highlight some of the key factors influencing plant-microbe interactions under stress as well as new tools to facilitate the controlled study of their molecular complexity, such as fabricated ecosystems and synthetic communities. When paired with genomic and biochemical methods, these tools provide researchers with more precision, reproducibility, and manipulability for exploring plant-microbe-environment interactions under a changing climate.}, }
@article {pmid35115621, year = {2022}, author = {Kidane, YO and Hoffmann, S and Jaeschke, A and Beloiu, M and Beierkuhnlein, C}, title = {Ericaceous vegetation of the Bale Mountains of Ethiopia will prevail in the face of climate change.}, journal = {Scientific reports}, volume = {12}, number = {1}, pages = {1858}, pmid = {35115621}, issn = {2045-2322}, support = {641762//ECOPOTENTIAL project-EU Horizon 2020/ ; }, abstract = {Climate change impacts the structure, functioning, and distribution of species and ecosystems. It will shift ecosystem boundaries, potentially affecting vulnerable ecosystems, such as tropical Africa's high mountain ecosystems, i.e., afroalpine ecosystems, and their highly susceptible uniquely adapted species. However, ecosystems along these mountains are not expected to respond similarly to the change. The ericaceous woody vegetation, located between the low-elevation broadleaf forests and high-elevation afroalpine vegetation, are anticipated to be affected differently. We hypothesize that projected climate change will result in an upward expansion and increasing dominance of ericaceous vegetation, which will negatively impact the endemic rich afroalpine ecosystems of the extensive Sanetti plateau. Hence, we modeled the impact of future climate change on the distribution of ericaceous vegetation and discussed its effect on bordering ecosystems in the Bale Mountains. We applied four familiar correlative modeling approaches: bioclim, domain, generalized linear methods, and support vector machines. We used WorldClim's bioclimatic variables as environmental predictors and two representative concentration pathways (RCPs) of the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report climate change scenarios, namely RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 for future climate projection. The results indicate increased ericaceous vegetation cover on the midaltitude of northwestern and northern parts of the massif, and the Sanetti plateau. We observed upward range expansion and increase of close ericaceous vegetation in midaltitudes, while receding from the lower range across the massif. Moreover, the current ericaceous vegetation range correlates to the temperature and precipitation trends, reaffirming the critical role of temperature and precipitation in determining species distributions along elevational gradients. The results indicate the high likelihood of considerable changes in this biodiversity hotspot in Eastern Africa.}, }
@article {pmid35113272, year = {2022}, author = {Dar, T and Rai, N and Kumar, S and Bhat, MA}, title = {Climate change impact on cryosphere and streamflow in the Upper Jhelum River Basin (UJRB) of north-western Himalayas.}, journal = {Environmental monitoring and assessment}, volume = {194}, number = {3}, pages = {140}, doi = {10.1007/s10661-022-09766-3}, pmid = {35113272}, issn = {1573-2959}, abstract = {The critical significance of keeping the current information about the extent and dynamics of the cryosphere in the Himalayas cannot be understated. The climate of the Himalayas is vulnerable and interlinked with global-scale climate changes, and the hydrology of the region mainly depends on the cryosphere. This is the first study that has created glacier and glacier lake inventory that links the impact of cryosphere on streamflow to land system dynamic changes under the changing climate of the Upper Jhelum River Basin (UJRB) of the Kashmir Himalayan region. This study uses a series of satellite data (1980-2016) to assess the depletion of snow cover area (SCA), deglaciation, and dynamics of glacial lakes. Moreover, observational long-term hydrometeorological data were used to understand the variability in temperature, precipitation, and track changes of land system dynamics under depletion of streamflow. The results suggested an overall rise in temperature (TMax = 0.05 ºC a-1; TMin = 0.02 ºC a-1; Tavg = 0.06 ºC a-1) and a decrease in precipitation (2.9 mm a-1) between 1980 and 2016 with a significant increase in annual average temperature and decrease in annual precipitation at stations located at higher altitudes. The SCA showed a significantly decreasing (p < 0.01) trend in the glacierized sub-basins with an annual rate of decrease of -0.78% a-1, -0.15% a-1, -0.03% a-1 -0.90% a-1 for Lidder, Sindh, Vishow, and Rambiara sub-basins, respectively. The findings of this study reveal the high occurrence of glacier disintegration and deglaciation. During the period 2010-2016, a rapid rate of deglaciation was observed (18.34 ± 0.14 km2), followed by 1992-2000 (15.61 ± 0.13 km2). The average rate of retreat was observed to be 6.81 ± 1.5 m a-1 with a total retreat of 267 ± 80 m during 1980-2016, which is higher than reported from surrounding mountain ranges in the Himalayas. The mapped 244 glacial and high-altitude lake inventory covers a total surface area of around 15 km2, with 5.87 km2 (40%) covered by 25 bedrock-dammed lakes. The glacial expansion and creation of new lakes are observed to be because of increasing glacier and snow melting between 1980 and 2016, which increases the risk of GLOF events in the future. The annual average discharge in UJRB significantly increased from 1991 to 1998 and was observed to be higher than the annual average of the respected gauge stations but shows significant depletion from 1998 onwards. The streamflow depletion under climate change is one of the reasons for land system dynamics in UJRB. The area under agriculture has decreased up to 63% with a massive expansion of built-up (399%), aquatic vegetation (523%), and plantation (765%) between 1992 and 2015.}, }
@article {pmid35110579, year = {2022}, author = {Zolghadr-Asli, B and Bozorg-Haddad, O and Enayati, M and Loáiciga, HA}, title = {Sensitivity of non-conditional climatic variables to climate-change deep uncertainty using Markov Chain Monte Carlo simulation.}, journal = {Scientific reports}, volume = {12}, number = {1}, pages = {1813}, pmid = {35110579}, issn = {2045-2322}, abstract = {There is substantial evidence suggesting climate change is having an adverse impact on the world's water resources. One must remember, however, that climate change is beset by uncertainty. It is therefore meaningful for climate change impact assessments to be conducted with stochastic-based frameworks. The degree of uncertainty about the nature of a stochastic phenomenon may differ from one another. Deep uncertainty refers to a situation in which the parameters governing intervening probability distributions of the stochastic phenomenon are themselves subjected to some degree of uncertainty. In most climatic studies, however, the assessment of the role of deep-uncertain nature of climate change has been limited. This work contributes to fill this knowledge gap by developing a Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) analysis involving Bayes' theorem that merges the stochastic patterns of historical data (i.e., the prior distribution) and the regional climate models' (RCMs') generated climate scenarios (i.e., the likelihood function) to redefine the stochastic behavior of a non-conditional climatic variable under climate change conditions (i.e., the posterior distribution). This study accounts for the deep-uncertainty effect by evaluating the stochastic pattern of the central tendency measure of the posterior distributions through regenerating the MCMCs. The Karkheh River Basin, Iran, is chosen to evaluate the proposed method. The reason for selecting this case study was twofold. First, this basin has a central role in ensuring the region's water, food, and energy security. The other reason is the diverse topographic profile of the basin, which imposes predictive challenges for most RCMs. Our results indicate that, while in most seasons, with the notable exception of summer, one can expect a slight drop in the temperature in the near future, the average temperature would continue to rise until eventually surpassing the historically recorded values. The results also revealed that the 95% confidence interval of the central tendency measure of computed posterior probability distributions varies between 0.1 and 0.3 °C. The results suggest exercising caution when employing the RCMs' raw projections, especially in topographically diverse terrain.}, }
@article {pmid35110565, year = {2022}, author = {Rackow, T and Danilov, S and Goessling, HF and Hellmer, HH and Sein, DV and Semmler, T and Sidorenko, D and Jung, T}, title = {Delayed Antarctic sea-ice decline in high-resolution climate change simulations.}, journal = {Nature communications}, volume = {13}, number = {1}, pages = {637}, pmid = {35110565}, issn = {2041-1723}, support = {Advanced Earth System Model Capacity//Helmholtz Association/ ; 641727//EC | Horizon 2020 Framework Programme (EU Framework Programme for Research and Innovation H2020)/ ; 641727//EC | Horizon 2020 Framework Programme (EU Framework Programme for Research and Innovation H2020)/ ; 01LN1701A//Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (Federal Ministry of Education and Research)/ ; 01LN1701A//Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (Federal Ministry of Education and Research)/ ; }, abstract = {Despite global warming and Arctic sea-ice loss, on average the Antarctic sea-ice extent has not declined since 1979 when satellite data became available. In contrast, climate model simulations tend to exhibit strong negative sea-ice trends for the same period. This Antarctic sea-ice paradox leads to low confidence in 21st-century sea-ice projections. Here we present multi-resolution climate change projections that account for Southern Ocean mesoscale eddies. The high-resolution configuration simulates stable September Antarctic sea-ice extent that is not projected to decline until the mid-21st century. We argue that one reason for this finding is a more realistic ocean circulation that increases the equatorward heat transport response to global warming. As a result, the ocean becomes more efficient at moderating the anthropogenic warming around Antarctica and hence at delaying sea-ice decline. Our study suggests that explicitly simulating Southern Ocean eddies is necessary for providing Antarctic sea-ice projections with higher confidence.}, }
@article {pmid35106864, year = {2022}, author = {Sully, S and Hodgson, G and van Woesik, R}, title = {Present and future bright and dark spots for coral reefs through climate change.}, journal = {Global change biology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1111/gcb.16083}, pmid = {35106864}, issn = {1365-2486}, support = {1829393//National Science Foundation/ ; }, abstract = {Marine heatwaves can cause coral bleaching and reduce coral cover on reefs, yet few studies have identified "bright spots," where corals have recently shown a capacity to survive such pressures. We analyzed 7714 worldwide surveys from 1997 to 2018 along with 14 environmental and temperature metrics in a hierarchical Bayesian model to identify conditions that contribute to present-day coral cover. We also identified locations with significantly higher (i.e., "bright spots") and lower coral cover (i.e., "dark spots") than regionally expected. In addition, using 4-km downscaled data of Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) 4.5 and 8.5, we projected coral cover on reefs for the years 2050 and 2100. Coral cover on modern reefs was positively associated with historically high maximum sea-surface temperatures (SSTs), and negatively associated with high contemporary SSTs, tropical-cyclone frequencies, and human-population densities. By 2100, under RCP8.5, we projected relative decreases in coral cover of >40% on most reefs globally but projected less decline on reefs in Indonesia, Malaysia, the central Philippines, New Caledonia, Fiji, and French Polynesia, which should be focal localities for multinational networks of protected areas.}, }
@article {pmid35106859, year = {2022}, author = {Cabrera, AA and Schall, E and Bérubé, M and Anderwald, P and Bachmann, L and Berrow, S and Best, PB and Clapham, PJ and Cunha, HA and Dalla Rosa, L and Dias, C and Findlay, KP and Haug, T and Heide-Jørgensen, MP and Hoelzel, AR and Kovacs, KM and Landry, S and Larsen, F and Lopes, XM and Lydersen, C and Mattila, DK and Oosting, T and Pace, RM and Papetti, C and Paspati, A and Pastene, LA and Prieto, R and Ramp, C and Robbins, J and Sears, R and Secchi, ER and Silva, MA and Simon, M and Víkingsson, G and Wiig, Ø and Øien, N and Palsbøll, PJ}, title = {Strong and lasting impacts of past global warming on baleen whales and their prey.}, journal = {Global change biology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1111/gcb.16085}, pmid = {35106859}, issn = {1365-2486}, support = {//Norsk Polarinstitutt/ ; //Stockholms Universitet/ ; //University of California Berkeley/ ; 019.183EN.005//Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek/ ; //Irish Research Council/ ; 201709/2014-7//Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico/ ; 408096/2013-6//Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico/ ; 442637/2018-7//Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico/ ; //Universitetet i Oslo/ ; IF/00943/2013//Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology/ ; SFRH/BPD/108007/2015//Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology/ ; TRACE-PTDC/MAR/74071/2006//Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology/ ; UID/MAR/04292/2019//Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology/ ; UIDB/05634/2020//Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology/ ; //Københavns Universitet/ ; //Rijksuniversiteit Groningen/ ; //Bangor University/ ; //Greenland Home Rule Government/ ; //Commission for Scientific Research in Greenland/ ; //Greenland Nature Resource Institute/ ; //WWF-DK/ ; //Aage V. Jensen Foundation/ ; //Danish Natural Science Research Council/ ; //Norwegian Polar Institute/ ; //WWF Norway/ ; //Norwegian Research Council/ ; }, abstract = {Global warming is affecting the population dynamics and trophic interactions across a wide range of ecosystems and habitats. Translating these real-time effects into their long-term consequences remains a challenge. The rapid and extreme warming period that occurred after the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) during the Pleistocene-Holocene transition (7-12 thousand years ago) provides an opportunity to gain insights into the long-term responses of natural populations to periods with global warming. The effects of this post-LGM warming period have been assessed in many terrestrial taxa, whereas insights into the impacts of rapid global warming on marine taxa remain limited, especially for megafauna. In order to understand how large-scale climate fluctuations during the post-LGM affected baleen whales and their prey, we conducted an extensive, large-scale analysis of the long-term effects of the post-LGM warming on abundance and inter-ocean connectivity in eight baleen whale and seven prey (fish and invertebrates) species across the Southern and the North Atlantic Ocean; two ocean basins that differ in key oceanographic features. The analysis was based upon 7032 mitochondrial DNA sequences as well as genome-wide DNA sequence variation in 100 individuals. The estimated temporal changes in genetic diversity during the last 30,000 years indicated that most baleen whale populations underwent post-LGM expansions in both ocean basins. The increase in baleen whale abundance during the Holocene was associated with simultaneous changes in their prey and climate. Highly correlated, synchronized and exponential increases in abundance in both baleen whales and their prey in the Southern Ocean were indicative of a dramatic increase in ocean productivity. In contrast, the demographic fluctuations observed in baleen whales and their prey in the North Atlantic Ocean were subtle, varying across taxa and time. Perhaps most important was the observation that the ocean-wide expansions and decreases in abundance that were initiated by the post-LGM global warming, continued for millennia after global temperatures stabilized, reflecting persistent, long-lasting impacts of global warming on marine fauna.}, }
@article {pmid35106531, year = {2022}, author = {Batlla, D and Malavert, C and Farnocchia, RBF and Footitt, S and Benech-Arnold, RL and Finch-Savage, WE}, title = {A quantitative analysis of temperature-dependent seasonal dormancy cycling in buried Arabidopsis thaliana seeds can predict seedling emergence in a global warming scenario.}, journal = {Journal of experimental botany}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1093/jxb/erac038}, pmid = {35106531}, issn = {1460-2431}, abstract = {Understanding how the environment regulates seed bank dormancy changes is essential for forecasting seedling emergence in actual and future climatic scenarios, and to interpret studies of dormancy mechanisms at the physiological and molecular level. Here we used a population threshold modelling approach to analyse dormancy changes through variations in the thermal range permissive for germination in buried seeds of Arabidopsis thaliana Cvi a winter annual ecotype. Results showed that changes in dormancy level were mainly associated with variations in the higher limit of the thermal range permissive for germination. Changes in this limit were positively related to soil temperature during dormancy release and induction and could be predicted using thermal time. From this we developed a temperature driven simulation to predict the fraction of the seed bank able to germinate in a realistic global warming scenario that approximated seedling emergence timing. Simulations predicted, in accordance with seedling emergence observed in the field, an increase in the fraction of the seed bank able to emerge as a result of global warming. In addition, our results suggest that buried seeds perceive changes in the variability of the mean daily soil temperature as the signal to change between dormancy release and induction according to the seasons.}, }
@article {pmid35106267, year = {2022}, author = {Meijers, MHC and Scholz, C and Torfadóttir, RH and Wonneberger, A and Markov, M}, title = {Correction to: Learning from the COVID-19 pandemic to combat climate change: comparing drivers of individual action in global crises.}, journal = {Journal of environmental studies and sciences}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {1}, doi = {10.1007/s13412-022-00749-x}, pmid = {35106267}, issn = {2190-6483}, abstract = {[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1007/s13412-021-00727-9.].}, }
@article {pmid35104838, year = {2021}, author = {Paz, S}, title = {Climate change impacts on vector-borne diseases in Europe: Risks, predictions and actions.}, journal = {The Lancet regional health. Europe}, volume = {1}, number = {}, pages = {100017}, doi = {10.1016/j.lanepe.2020.100017}, pmid = {35104838}, issn = {2666-7762}, }
@article {pmid35101987, year = {2022}, author = {Song, F and Zhang, GJ and Ramanathan, V and Leung, LR}, title = {Trends in surface equivalent potential temperature: A more comprehensive metric for global warming and weather extremes.}, journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America}, volume = {119}, number = {6}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1073/pnas.2117832119}, pmid = {35101987}, issn = {1091-6490}, abstract = {Trends in surface air temperature (SAT) are a common metric for global warming. Using observations and observationally driven models, we show that a more comprehensive metric for global warming and weather extremes is the trend in surface equivalent potential temperature (Thetae_sfc) since it also accounts for the increase in atmospheric humidity and latent energy. From 1980 to 2019, while SAT increased by 0.79[Formula: see text], Thetae_sfc increased by 1.48[Formula: see text] globally and as much as 4[Formula: see text] in the tropics. The increase in water vapor is responsible for the factor of 2 difference between SAT and Thetae_sfc trends. Thetae_sfc increased more uniformly (than SAT) between the midlatitudes of the southern hemisphere and the northern hemisphere, revealing the global nature of the heating added by greenhouse gases (GHGs). Trends in heat extremes and extreme precipitation are correlated strongly with the global/tropical trends in Thetae_sfc. The tropical amplification of Thetae_sfc is as large as the arctic amplification of SAT, accounting for the observed global positive trends in deep convection and a 20% increase in heat extremes. With unchecked GHG emissions, while SAT warming can reach 4.8[Formula: see text] by 2100, the global mean Thetae_sfc can increase by as much as 12[Formula: see text], with corresponding increases of 12[Formula: see text] (median) to 24[Formula: see text] (5% of grid points) in land surface temperature extremes, a 14- to 30-fold increase in frequency of heat extremes, a 40% increase in the energy available for tropical deep convection, and an up to 60% increase in extreme precipitation.}, }
@article {pmid35100455, year = {2022}, author = {Ros, A and Schmidt-Posthaus, H and Brinker, A}, title = {Mitigating human impacts including climate change on proliferative kidney disease in salmonids of running waters.}, journal = {Journal of fish diseases}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1111/jfd.13585}, pmid = {35100455}, issn = {1365-2761}, abstract = {Over the last two decades, an increasing number of reports have identified a decline in salmonid populations, possibly linked to infection with the parasite Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae and the corresponding disease, that is, proliferative kidney disease (PKD). The life cycle of this myxozoan parasite includes sessile bryozoan species as invertebrate host, which facilitates the distribution of the parasite in running waters. As the disease outcome is temperature dependent, the impact of the disease on salmonid populations is increasing with global warming due to climate change. The goal of this review is to provide a detailed overview of measures to mitigate the effects of PKD on salmonid populations. It first summarizes the parasite life cycle, temperature-driven disease dynamics and new immunological and molecular research into disease resistance and, based on this, discusses management possibilities. Sophisticated management actions focusing on local adaptation of salmonid populations, restoration of the riverine ecosystem and keeping water temperatures cool are necessary to reduce the negative effects of PKD. Such actions include temporary stocking with PKD-resistant salmonids, as this may assist in conserving current populations that fail to reproduce.}, }
@article {pmid35098249, year = {2022}, author = {Ben Youssef, A and Zeqiri, A}, title = {Hospitality Industry 4.0 and Climate Change.}, journal = {Circular economy and sustainability}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {1-21}, doi = {10.1007/s43615-021-00141-x}, pmid = {35098249}, issn = {2730-5988}, abstract = {This paper investigates under which conditions implementation of Industry 4.0 in the hospitality sector could help to combat climate change. The paper takes the form of a systematic literature review to examine the main pillars of Industry 4.0 in the hospitality industry and discuss how these technologies could help combat climate change. We propose five conditions under which Industry 4.0 could help to combat climate change. First, in the hospitality industry, increased use of Industry 4.0 technologies induces an increase in energy efficiency and a reduction of GHG. Second, increased use of Industry 4.0 technologies induces a reduction in water consumption and an increase in water use efficiency. Third, increased use of Industry 4.0 technologies induces a reduction in food waste. Fourth, increased use of Industry 4.0 technologies can promote Circular Hospitality 4.0. Fifth, increased use of Industry 4.0 technologies helps to reduce transport and travel. Hospitality Industry 4.0 technologies offer new opportunities for enhancing sustainable development and reducing GHG emissions through the use of environmentally friendly approaches to achieve the Paris Agreement objectives.}, }
@article {pmid35095992, year = {2021}, author = {Shi, N and Naudiyal, N and Wang, J and Gaire, NP and Wu, Y and Wei, Y and He, J and Wang, C}, title = {Assessing the Impact of Climate Change on Potential Distribution of Meconopsis punicea and Its Influence on Ecosystem Services Supply in the Southeastern Margin of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.}, journal = {Frontiers in plant science}, volume = {12}, number = {}, pages = {830119}, doi = {10.3389/fpls.2021.830119}, pmid = {35095992}, issn = {1664-462X}, abstract = {Meconopsis punicea is an iconic ornamental and medicinal plant whose natural habitat has degraded under global climate change, posing a serious threat to the future survival of the species. Therefore, it is critical to analyze the influence of climate change on possible distribution of M. punicea for conservation and sustainable utilization of this species. In this study, we used MaxEnt ecological niche modeling to predict the potential distribution of M. punicea under current and future climate scenarios in the southeastern margin region of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Model projections under current climate show that 16.8% of the study area is suitable habitat for Meconopsis. However, future projections indicate a sharp decline in potential habitat for 2050 and 2070 climate change scenarios. Soil type was the most important environmental variable in determining the habitat suitability of M. punicea, with 27.75% contribution to model output. Temperature seasonality (16.41%), precipitation of warmest quarter (14.01%), and precipitation of wettest month (13.02%), precipitation seasonality (9.41%) and annual temperature range (9.24%) also made significant contributions to model output. The mean elevation of suitable habitat for distribution of M. punicea is also likely to shift upward in most future climate change scenarios. This study provides vital information for the protection and sustainable use of medicinal species like M. punicea in the context of global environmental change. Our findings can aid in developing rational, broad-scale adaptation strategies for conservation and management for ecosystem services, in light of future climate changes.}, }
@article {pmid35095828, year = {2021}, author = {Fadiji, AE and Babalola, OO and Santoyo, G and Perazzolli, M}, title = {The Potential Role of Microbial Biostimulants in the Amelioration of Climate Change-Associated Abiotic Stresses on Crops.}, journal = {Frontiers in microbiology}, volume = {12}, number = {}, pages = {829099}, doi = {10.3389/fmicb.2021.829099}, pmid = {35095828}, issn = {1664-302X}, abstract = {Crop plants are more often exposed to abiotic stresses in the current age of fast-evolving climate change. This includes exposure to extreme and unpredictable changes in climatic conditions, phytosanitary hazards, and cultivation conditions, which results in drastic losses in worldwide agricultural productions. Plants coexist with microbial symbionts, some of which play key roles in the ecosystem and plant processes. The application of microbial biostimulants, which take advantage of symbiotic relationships, is a long-term strategy for improving plant productivity and performance, even in the face of climate change-associated stresses. Beneficial filamentous fungi, yeasts, and bacteria are examples of microbial biostimulants, which can boost the growth, yield, nutrition and stress tolerance in plants. This paper highlights recent information about the role of microbial biostimulants and their potential application in mitigating the abiotic stresses occurring on crop plants due to climate change. A critical evaluation for their efficient use under diverse climatic conditions is also made. Currently, accessible products generally improve cultural conditions, but their action mechanisms are mostly unknown, and their benefits are frequently inconsistent. Thus, further studies that could lead to the more precisely targeted products are discussed.}, }
@article {pmid35095022, year = {2022}, author = {Sakatani, M}, title = {«The role of reproductive biology in SDGs» Global warming and cattle reproduction: Will increase in cattle numbers progress to global warming?.}, journal = {The Journal of reproduction and development}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1262/jrd.2021-149}, pmid = {35095022}, issn = {1348-4400}, abstract = {The livestock industry produces a large amount of greenhouse gases (GHG) that cause global warming. A high percentage of GHG emissions are derived from cattle and has been suggested to be a factor in global warming. With the global increase in the consumption of livestock products, the number of farm animals has increased. In addition, the reduction in productivity and reproductive capacity of cattle has resulted in accelerated GHG emissions. In a high-temperature environment, the pregnancy rate decreases, leading to an increase in animals that do not contribute to production. Consequently, GHG emission per unit product increases, thereby accelerating global warming. To reduce this environmental impact, it is important to improve the breeding efficiency of cattle by the use of reproductive technology and, thus, reduce the number of non-productive animals. Thus, reproductive biology plays a major role in mitigating global warming related to the livestock industry.}, }
@article {pmid35092783, year = {2022}, author = {Ansah, MK and Chen, X and Yang, H}, title = {A holistic environmental and economic design optimization of low carbon buildings considering climate change and confounding factors.}, journal = {The Science of the total environment}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {153442}, doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153442}, pmid = {35092783}, issn = {1879-1026}, abstract = {The low carbon building design has become critical given the urgent need to reduce global carbon emissions. Reducing operational energy use through multi-objective optimizations used to be a common approach, but its validity is impaired by surging embodied impacts. Therefore, a life cycle optimization becomes necessary to improve the overall carbon performance of buildings. However, current research lacks an application of multi-objective optimizations to explore the energy use, carbon emission and cost considering both embodied and operational impacts. Impacts of confounding design factors and climate change on achieving low carbon designs are also not sufficiently revealed by existing studies. To address these gaps, this study: (i) proposes a parametric design optimization method for low carbon buildings considering cost-effectiveness, (ii) explores the impacts of confounding factors on achieving low carbon designs and (iii) evaluates the impact of climate change on the life cycle performance of buildings with proper scenario assumptions. A case study is conducted to explore passive design parameters and integrated photovoltaic (PV) applications to reduce the energy use and carbon emissions in a cost-effective approach. The joint optimization of embodied and operational impacts can reduce the energy use, carbon emission and cost by 42%, 58% and 32%, respectively. Also, variation of confounding factors can lead to different optimized designs with carbon reduction difference up to 75%. The results also show that global warming will lead to higher energy use and carbon emissions in tropical regions within the near future, while stringent mitigation strategies aligned with RCP 2.6 can reverse the trend after two decades.}, }
@article {pmid35092590, year = {2022}, author = {Ali, NIM and Aiyub, K and Lam, KC and Abas, A}, title = {A bibliometric review on the inter-connection between climate change and rice farming.}, journal = {Environmental science and pollution research international}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, pmid = {35092590}, issn = {1614-7499}, support = {GGP-2017-016//Geran Galakan Penyelidikan research grant/ ; }, abstract = {Rice is an important cereal and a staple food in many countries in the world. Climate change is a significant challenge that affects paddy production and threatens food security. However, research and development in this area continue to work to ensure the supply of rice fulfils the demands of the population. The study aims to analyse the transformation of international research power in trends in climate change that threaten food security (rice) worldwide. This study evaluates existing publications, especially research works from the period 1970 to 2020. The Web of Science database and the VOSviewer software were used together to generate a systematic analysis. A total of 1181 publications on climate change and paddy production were identified, written by 2249 authors from 56 countries. The highest number of publications was from China with 240 publications with 4609 citations, followed by India, with 225 publications and 2070 citations. Yield and adaptation are the most frequently used keywords that reflect this field's current significant research direction. Besides that, developing countries have received greater attention from researchers to focus on science, agriculture, climatology, and agriculture engineering as their domains. Therefore, socio-economic aspects should also be highlighted to raise awareness of the dangers of climate change and improve the farmers' economy by increasing paddy production. Attention was given by all countries globally, especially by researchers and stakeholders who need to plan holistic policies and strategies to encourage sustainable rice production and at the same time reduce the impact of climate change worldwide.}, }
@article {pmid35092572, year = {2022}, author = {Ginbo, T and Di Corato, L and Hoffmann, R}, title = {Correction to: Investing in climate change adaptation and mitigation: A methodological review of real-options studies.}, journal = {Ambio}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1007/s13280-021-01700-0}, pmid = {35092572}, issn = {1654-7209}, }
@article {pmid35085626, year = {2022}, author = {He, L and Xu, Y and Li, J and Zhang, Y and Liu, Y and Lyu, H and Wang, Y and Tang, X and Wang, S and Zhao, X and Yang, S}, title = {Biochar mitigated more N-related global warming potential in rice season than that in wheat season: An investigation from ten-year biochar-amended rice-wheat cropping system of China.}, journal = {The Science of the total environment}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {153344}, doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153344}, pmid = {35085626}, issn = {1879-1026}, abstract = {Rice-wheat cropping system (RWCS), the major rice-based cropping system, constitutes a significant source of N-related greenhouse gas (GHG) emission due to the unique wet-dry alternation process. Biochar is often highlighted as a potential solution for reducing fertilizer N losses, hence, understanding its effects on Ngr emissions (mainly NH3 and N2O) under wet-dry conditions is critical to inform strategies for GHG mitigation. This study investigated the responses of NH3 and N2O emissions to biochar amendments during rice and wheat seasons based on in situ measurements under ten-year successive straw biochar application in RWCS. Our results indicated that 43.7% and 89.9% of N2O and NH3 emissions were emitted during rice season and 56.3% and 10.1% during wheat season, respectively. Long-term biochar amendment was found to play significant role in mitigating NH3 emissions (38.6-43.9%), which could be attributed to the disappearance of liming effect of aged-biochar on flooding water and decreased NH4+ concentrations in the soil. However, considerable variation of N2O emissions were observed in RWCS. Biochar showed a significant decreasing effect on the net global warming potential related to N2O and NH3 emissions (GWPN) in rice season (16.1-89.6%), and slight increased tendency in wheat season (1.43-13.1%) primarily due to its positive effects on N2O emission. Biochar amendment mainly BC22.5, significantly increased above-ground yields by 9.22% in rice season. Thus, it is a low carbon-producing and sustainable crop management method that can support crop production, C sequestration, and GHG mitigation in rice season under RWCS from the viewpoint of the Ngr mitigation. Our results suggest that emission patterns of N2O and NH3 emission varied with wet-dry alternation under the disturbance of long-term biochar amendment in RWCS; moreover, long-term biochar application exhibited significant potential for mitigating soil Ngr losses in rice season for RWCS.}, }
@article {pmid35084804, year = {2022}, author = {Groner, VP and Nicholas, O and Mabhaudhi, T and Slotow, R and Akçakaya, HR and Mace, GM and Pearson, RG}, title = {Climate change, land cover change, and overharvesting threaten a widely used medicinal plant in South Africa.}, journal = {Ecological applications : a publication of the Ecological Society of America}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {e2545}, doi = {10.1002/eap.2545}, pmid = {35084804}, issn = {1051-0761}, abstract = {Medicinal plants contribute substantially to the well-being of people in large parts of the world, providing traditional medicine and supporting livelihoods from trading plant parts, which is especially significant for women in low-income communities. However, the availability of wild medicinal plants is increasingly threatened; for example, the Natal Lily (Clivia miniata), which is one of the most widely traded plants in informal medicine markets in South Africa, lost over 40 % of individuals over the last 90 years. Understanding the species' response to individual and multiple pressures is essential for prioritizing and planning conservation actions. To gain this understanding, we simulated the future range and abundance of C. miniata by coupling Species Distribution Models with a metapopulation model (RAMAS-GIS). We contrasted scenarios of climate change (RCP2.6 vs RCP8.5), land cover change (intensification vs expansion), and harvesting (only juveniles vs all life-stages). All our scenarios pointed to continuing declines in suitable habitat and abundance by the 2050s. When acting independently, climate change, land cover change and harvesting each reduced the projected abundance substantially, with land cover change causing the most pronounced declines. Harvesting individuals from all life-stages affected the projected metapopulation size more negatively than extracting only juveniles. When the three pressures acted together, declines of suitable habitat and abundance accelerated but uncertainties were too large to identify whether pressures acted synergistically, additively, or antagonistically. Our results suggest that conservation should prioritize the protection of suitable habitat and ensure sustainable harvesting to support a viable metapopulation under realistic levels of climate change. Inadequate management of C. miniata populations in the wild will likely have negative consequences for the well-being of people relying on this ecosystem service, and we expect there may be comparable consequences relating to other medicinal plants in different parts of the world. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.}, }
@article {pmid35082804, year = {2021}, author = {Jiang, R and Zou, M and Qin, Y and Tan, G and Huang, S and Quan, H and Zhou, J and Liao, H}, title = {Modeling of the Potential Geographical Distribution of Three Fritillaria Species Under Climate Change.}, journal = {Frontiers in plant science}, volume = {12}, number = {}, pages = {749838}, doi = {10.3389/fpls.2021.749838}, pmid = {35082804}, issn = {1664-462X}, abstract = {Fritillaria species, a well-known Chinese traditional medicine for more than 2,000 years, have become rare resources due to excessive harvesting. In order to balance the economical requirement and ecological protection of Fritillaria species, it is necessary to determine (1) the important environmental variables that were responsible for the spatial distribution, (2) distribution change in response to climate change in the future, (3) ecological niche overlap between various Fritillaria species, and (4) the correlation between spatial distribution and phylogenies as well. In this study, the areas with potential ecological suitability for Fritillaria cirrhosa, Fritillaria unibracteata, and Fritillaria przewalskii were predicted using MaxEnt based on the current occurrence records and bioclimatic variables. The result indicated that precipitation and elevation were the most important environmental variables for the three species. Moreover, the current suitable habitats of F. cirrhosa, F. unibracteata, and F. przewalskii encompassed 681,951, 481,607, and 349,199 km2, respectively. Under the scenario of the highest concentration of greenhouse gas emission (SSP585), the whole suitable habitats of F. cirrhosa and F. przewalskii reach the maximum from 2021 to 2100, while those of F. unibracteata reach the maximum from 2021 to 2100 under the scenario of moderate emission (SSP370) from 2021 to 2100. The MaxEnt data were also used to predict the ecological niche overlap, and thus high overlap occurring among three Fritillaria species was observed. The niche overlap of three Fritillaria species was related to the phylogenetic analysis despite the non-significance (P > 0.05), indicating that spatial distribution was one of the factors that contributed to the speciation diversification. Additionally, we predicted species-specific habitats to decrease habitat competition. Overall, the information obtained in this study provided new insight into the potential distribution and ecological niche of three species for the conservation and management in the future.}, }
@article {pmid35082360, year = {2022}, author = {Rota, F and Casazza, G and Genova, G and Midolo, G and Prosser, F and Bertolli, A and Wilhalm, T and Nascimbene, J and Wellstein, C}, title = {Topography of the Dolomites modulates range dynamics of narrow endemic plants under climate change.}, journal = {Scientific reports}, volume = {12}, number = {1}, pages = {1398}, pmid = {35082360}, issn = {2045-2322}, abstract = {Climate change is expected to threaten endemic plants in the Alps. In this context, the factors that may modulate species responses are rarely investigated at a local scale. We analyzed eight alpine narrow endemics of the Dolomites (southeastern Alps) under different predicted climate change scenarios at fine spatial resolutions. We tested possible differences in elevation, topographic heterogeneity and velocity of climate change among areas of gained, lost, or stable climatic habitat. The negative impact of climate change ranged from moderate to severe, depending on scenario and species. Generally, range loss occurred at the lowest elevations, while gained and stable areas were located at highest elevations. For six of the species, climate change velocity had higher values in stable and gained areas than in lost ones. Our findings support the role of topographic heterogeneity in maintaining climatic microrefugia, however, the peculiar topography of the Dolomites, characterized by high altitude plateaus, resulted in high climate change velocity in areas of projected future climatic suitability. Our study supports the usefulness of multiple predictors of spatio-temporal range dynamics for regional climate-adapted management and eventual assisted colonization planning to not overlook or overestimate the potential impact of climate change locally.}, }
@article {pmid35081123, year = {2022}, author = {Grüter, R and Trachsel, T and Laube, P and Jaisli, I}, title = {Expected global suitability of coffee, cashew and avocado due to climate change.}, journal = {PloS one}, volume = {17}, number = {1}, pages = {e0261976}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0261976}, pmid = {35081123}, issn = {1932-6203}, abstract = {Coffee, cashew and avocado are of high socio-economic importance in many tropical smallholder farming systems around the globe. As plantation crops with a long lifespan, their cultivation requires long-term planning. The evaluation of climate change impacts on their biophysical suitability is therefore essential for developing adaptation measures and selecting appropriate varieties or crops. In this study, we modelled the current and future suitability of coffee arabica, cashew and avocado on a global scale based on climatic and soil requirements of the three crops. We used climate outputs of 14 global circulation models based on three emission scenarios to model the future (2050) climate change impacts on the crops both globally and in the main producing countries. For all three crops, climatic factors, mainly long dry seasons, mean temperatures (high and low), low minimum temperatures and annual precipitation (high and low), were more restrictive for the global extent of suitable growing regions than land and soil parameters, which were primarily low soil pH, unfavourable soil texture and steep slopes. We found shifts in suitable growing regions due to climate change with both regions of future expansion and contraction for all crops investigated. Coffee proved to be most vulnerable, with negative climate impacts dominating in all main producing regions. For both cashew and avocado, areas suitable for cultivation are expected to expand globally while in most main producing countries, the areas of highest suitability may decrease. The study reveals that climate change adaptation will be necessary in most major producing regions of all three crops. At high latitudes and high altitudes, however, they may all profit from increasing minimum temperatures. The study presents the first global assessment of climate change impacts on cashew and avocado suitability.}, }
@article {pmid35079883, year = {2022}, author = {Baul, TK and Peuly, TA and Nandi, R and Kar, S and Karmakar, S}, title = {Role of Homestead Forests in Adaptation to Climate Change: A Study on Households' Perceptions and Relevant Factors in Bandarban Hill District, Bangladesh.}, journal = {Environmental management}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, pmid = {35079883}, issn = {1432-1009}, abstract = {Homestead forests play an important role in climate change adaptation and mitigation. This study investigated homestead forest owners' perceptions on climate change and associated impacts, as well as the role that homestead forests could play to enhance households' climate adaptation in Bandarban hill district of Bangladesh. Methods involved randomly surveying a total of 176 homestead households at three different hill altitudes: low, medium, and high. We also analyzed the meteorological data on local rainfall and temperature for the period of 1990 to 2019. Results showed that most (76-94%) of the homestead forest owners perceived an increasing erratic pattern of annual temperature and rainfall which was supported by the analysis of local meteorological data. Forest owners´ perceptions towards changes in tree phenology, increase in food insecurity, landslides, and pest infestation, and decrease in crop production, soil fertility, and seasonal streamflow were revealed as pieces of evidence of climate change impacts that varied significantly with hill altitudes and associated ecosystems. About 66% to 97% of the housheolds perceived that homestead forests could play a pivotal role in enhancing their capacity to adapt with the changing climate by supplying diverse products, services, and environmental benefits. Understanding and perceptions of the environmental benefits of homestead forests also significantly varied with the type of households´ construction, income, and literacy of the household members. Our results will help policymakers to ensure these small-scale homestead forests are conserved since they could also provide multiple environmental benefits e.g., carbon sequestration in addition to enhancing community climate adaptation.}, }
@article {pmid35077494, year = {2022}, author = {Zhang, N and Qu, Y and Song, Z and Chen, Y and Jiang, J}, title = {Responses and sensitivities of maize phenology to climate change from 1971 to 2020 in Henan Province, China.}, journal = {PloS one}, volume = {17}, number = {1}, pages = {e0262289}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0262289}, pmid = {35077494}, issn = {1932-6203}, abstract = {Climate change affects many aspects of the physiological and biochemical processes of growing maize and ultimately its yield. A comprehensive climate suitability model is proposed that quantifies the effects of temperature, precipitation, solar radiation, and wind in different phenological stages of maize. It is calibrated using weather and yield data from China's Henan Province. The comprehensive suitability model showed the capability of correctly hindcasting observed temporal and spatial changes in maize phenology in response to climatic factors. The predicted yield based on the suitability model can well match the recorded field yield very well from 1971-2020. The results of correlation showed that the yields are more closely related to multi-weather factors, temperature and precipitation than to solar radiation and wind. The sensitivity analysis illustrates that temperature and precipitation are the dominant weather factors affecting yield changes based on a direct differentiation method. The comprehensive suitability model can provide a scientific support and analysis tool for predicting grain production considering climate changes.}, }
@article {pmid35075280, year = {2022}, author = {Rothenberg, ME}, title = {Linking the allergy epidemic to climate change.}, journal = {Nature immunology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1038/s41590-021-01119-5}, pmid = {35075280}, issn = {1529-2916}, }
@article {pmid35074593, year = {2022}, author = {Razi, MAM and Daud, HZBH and Mokhtar, A and Mahamud, M and Rahmat, SN and Al-Gheethi, AA}, title = {Climate change, tsunami and biodiversity endangered at the South China Sea, past, current and prediction models for the future: A comprehensive study.}, journal = {Marine pollution bulletin}, volume = {175}, number = {}, pages = {113255}, doi = {10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.113255}, pmid = {35074593}, issn = {1879-3363}, abstract = {In this study, the climate change, tsunami and biodiversity for 336 km coastline endangered at the South China Sea was investigated with the review for the past, current and prediction models for the future. The hydraulic study of the coastal area was conducted using a well-established 2D numerical model suite Delft3D. The study revealed that the generated earthquakes at the convergence zone in the last century are small (Mw7.3), the possibility that a megathrust earthquake event in the SCS basin occurs in the future. The study area comprises a narrow strip of vegetation notably dominated by Casuarina equisetifolia with other coastal plants. Mangrove forests are found along the coastline and estuaries that are overlaid with marine alluvial soils. The current paper is the first comprehensive study of the South China Sea, and the findings increase the awareness among the public to understand the risk associated with environmental pollution.}, }
@article {pmid35073410, year = {2022}, author = {Agache, I and Sampath, V and Aguilera, J and Akdis, C and Akdis, M and Barry, M and Bouagnon, A and Chinthrajah, S and Collins, W and Dulitzki, C and Erny, B and Gomez, J and Goshua, A and Jutel, M and Kizer, KW and Kline, O and LaBeaud, AD and Pali-Schöll, I and Perrett, KP and Peters, RL and Plaza, MP and Prunicki, M and Sack, T and Salas, RN and Sindher, SB and Sokolow, SH and Thiel, C and Veidis, E and Wray, BD and Traidl-Hoffmann, C and Witt, C and Nadeau, KC}, title = {Climate Change and Global Health: A Call to more Research and more Action.}, journal = {Allergy}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1111/all.15229}, pmid = {35073410}, issn = {1398-9995}, abstract = {There is increasing understanding, globally, that climate change and increased pollution will have a profound and mostly harmful effect on human health. This review brings together international experts to describe both the direct (such as heat waves) and indirect (such as vector-borne disease incidence) health impacts of climate change. These impacts vary depending on vulnerability (i.e., existing diseases) and the international, economic, political and environmental context. This unique review also expands on these issues to address a third category of potential longer-term impacts on global health: famine, population dislocation, and environmental justice and education. This scholarly resource explores these issues fully, linking them to global health in urban and rural settings in developed and developing countries. The review finishes with a practical discussion of action that health professionals around the world in our field can yet take.}, }
@article {pmid35073306, year = {2022}, author = {Dickman, E and Backler, C and Berg, CD and Komandt, M and Schiller, J}, title = {Climate Change and Oncology Nursing: A Call to Action.}, journal = {Clinical journal of oncology nursing}, volume = {26}, number = {1}, pages = {109-113}, doi = {10.1188/22.CJON.109-113}, pmid = {35073306}, issn = {1538-067X}, abstract = {Climate change is a public health crisis that amplifies exposure to known carcinogens, leading to increased cases of cancer and other diseases. This clear link is a powerful reason for all oncology nurses concerned with cancer prevention and treatment to be involved in climate change solutions. The purpose of this review is to bring awareness to the consequences climate change has on the incidence and mortality of cancer, how it affects people living with cancer, and how oncology nurses can help mitigate these suboptimal outcomes.&amp;nbsp.}, }
@article {pmid35073249, year = {2022}, author = {Cromar, KR and Anenberg, SC and Balmes, JR and Fawcett, AA and Ghazipura, M and Gohlke, JM and Hashizume, M and Howard, P and Lavigne, E and Levy, K and Madrigano, J and Martinich, JA and Mordecai, EA and Rice, MB and Saha, S and Scovronick, NC and Sekercioglu, F and Svendsen, ER and Zaitchik, BF and Ewart, G}, title = {Global Health Impacts for Economic Models of Climate Change: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.}, journal = {Annals of the American Thoracic Society}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1513/AnnalsATS.202110-1193OC}, pmid = {35073249}, issn = {2325-6621}, abstract = {RATIONALE: Avoiding excess health damages attributable to climate change is a primary motivator for policy interventions to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. However, the health benefits of climate mitigation, as included in the policy assessment process, have been estimated without much input from health experts.<br><br>OBJECTIVES: In accordance with recommendations from the National Academies in a 2017 report on approaches to update the social cost of greenhouse gases (SC-GHG), an expert panel of 26 health researchers and climate economists gathered for a virtual technical workshop in May 2021 to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis and recommend improvements to the estimation of health impacts in economic-climate models.<br><br>METHODS: Regionally-resolved effect estimates of unit increases in temperature on net all-cause mortality risk were generated through random-effects pooling of studies identified through a systematic review.<br><br>RESULTS: Effect estimates, and associated uncertainties, varied by global region, but net increases in mortality risk associated with increased average annual temperatures (ranging from 0.1-1.1% per 1 degree C) was estimated for all global regions. Key recommendations for the development and utilization of health damage modules were provided by the expert panel, and include: not relying on individual methodologies in estimating health damages; incorporating a broader range of cause-specific mortality impacts; improving the climate parameters available in economic models; accounting for socio-economic trajectories and adaptation factors when estimating health damages; and carefully considering how air pollution impacts should be incorporated in economic-climate models.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: This work provides an example for how subject-matter experts can work alongside climate economists in making continued improvements to SC-GHG estimates.}, }
@article {pmid35071767, year = {2021}, author = {Musara, JP and Tibugari, H and Moyo, B and Mutizira, C}, title = {Crop-livestock integration practices, knowledge, and attitudes among smallholder farmers: Hedging against climate change-induced shocks in semi-arid Zimbabwe.}, journal = {Open life sciences}, volume = {16}, number = {1}, pages = {1330-1340}, pmid = {35071767}, issn = {2391-5412}, abstract = {Domestic and international crops and livestock trade remain fragile among Zimbabwean smallholder farmers. Commercial crop-livestock integration in climate change vulnerable areas is low and sparsely documented. Practice, knowledge, and attitude indicators influencing participation of smallholder farmers in crop-livestock integrated platforms as a hedge against climate change-induced risks and uncertainties were assessed. A survey with 240 farmers in Insiza district, Matabeleland province, Zimbabwe was conducted. A modified knowledge, attitude, and perception framework was used to analyze data from six wards supported by World Vision through supplementary livelihood programs on crop-livestock integration. Conventional crop-livestock (63%), mixed crops-livestock (25%), and traditional grains-livestock (12%) options were dominant. There was a thin presence of stakeholders with a limited number of local buyers, contracting companies, and agro-dealers who participate on these platforms. Farmers have the knowledge, positive attitude, and motivated perceptions about the potential of traditional grains-livestock mechanisms to reduce climate change welfare compromising factors. Unbalanced policies, limited financing, and uncompetitive marketing channels limit the uptake of this option. Traditional grains-livestock alternatives should be supported in semi-arid environments to reduce food, income, and nutrition insecurity. Public-private partnerships should establish value addition systems to increase the market size of traditional grains-livestock products and enhance commercialization.}, }
@article {pmid35069656, year = {2021}, author = {Olanrewaju, OS and Oyatomi, O and Babalola, OO and Abberton, M}, title = {Breeding Potentials of Bambara Groundnut for Food and Nutrition Security in the Face of Climate Change.}, journal = {Frontiers in plant science}, volume = {12}, number = {}, pages = {798993}, pmid = {35069656}, issn = {1664-462X}, abstract = {Constant production of quality food should be a norm in any community, but climate change, increasing population, and unavailability of land for farming affect food production. As a result, food scarcity is affecting some communities, especially in the developing world. Finding a stable solution to this problem is a major cause of concern for researchers. Synergistic application of molecular marker techniques with next generation sequencing (NGS) technologies can unlock the potentials hidden in most crop genomes for improving yield and food availability. Most crops such as Bambara groundnut (BGN), Winged bean, and African yam bean are underutilized. These underutilized crops can compete with the major crops such as cowpea, soybean, maize, and rice, in areas of nutrition, ability to withstand drought stress, economic importance, and food production. One of these underutilized crops, BGN [Vigna subterranea (L.), Verdc.], is an indigenous African legume and can survive in tropical climates and marginal soils. In this review, we focus on the roles of BGN and the opportunities it possesses in tackling food insecurity and its benefits to local farmers. We will discuss BGN's potential impact on global food production and how the advances in NGS technologies can enhance its production.}, }
@article {pmid35067251, year = {2022}, author = {Power, E and McCarthy, N and Kelly, I and Cannon, M and Cotter, D}, title = {Climate change and mental health: time for action and advocacy.}, journal = {Irish journal of psychological medicine}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {1-3}, doi = {10.1017/ipm.2021.70}, pmid = {35067251}, issn = {2051-6967}, abstract = {Climate change poses an existential threat to our planet and our health. We explore the intersections of climate change and mental health which has been under-recognised to date. Climate change can affect mental health directly through the effects of extreme weather events such as heat, drought and flooding, and indirectly through increasing rates of migration and inequality. Vulnerable individuals with neuropsychiatric disorders will be particularly at risk. Emerging evidence is also showing effects of air pollution on brain development. Mitigation efforts related to reducing carbon emissions will have both direct and indirect effects on mental health. A further consideration demonstrated by the COVID-19 pandemic is that the spread of infectious disease can have substantial effects on the mental health of the population. With climate change and biodiversity loss, pandemics could recur in the future with increasing frequency. It is now essential that mental health professionals be equipped as agents for climate action.}, }
@article {pmid35066046, year = {2022}, author = {Perera, N and Lokupitiya, E and Halwatura, D and Udagedara, S}, title = {Quantification of blue carbon in tropical salt marshes and their role in climate change mitigation.}, journal = {The Science of the total environment}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {153313}, doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153313}, pmid = {35066046}, issn = {1879-1026}, abstract = {Vegetated coastal ecosystems (VCE) display a promising potential to act as natural carbon sinks in climate change mitigation. Although growing interest in wetland carbon has intensified the global level carbon stock estimation studies, large knowledge gaps and uncertainties remain, particularly in tropical salt marshes in the South and Southeast Asian regions. Therefore, the current study aims to quantify the organic carbon stocks in the salt marsh habitats on the Northwest coast of Sri Lanka and to showcase the relevance of salt marsh carbon in local and regional contexts. Vegetation and soil up to a depth of 50 cm were sampled from four sites representing the Wedithalathive Nature Reserve (WNR). Species-specific allometric relationships developed for the major succulent halophytic species indicated a significant positive correlation between dry biomass and plant height. The loss-on-ignition (LOI) technique was applied in combination with a carbon conversion factor to calculate the soil organic carbon (SOC) content across 4 depth intervals. The study provided an average total organic carbon (TOC) storage of 73 ± 14.47 Mg C ha-1 up to a depth of 50 cm, in which the aboveground vegetation accounted for ~2% share. Sri Lankan salt marshes hold 2.01 Tg of organic carbon and directly reflect their potential for inclusion in Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) under the Paris Agreement. This has been the first comprehensive study on salt marsh blue carbon stocks in Sri Lanka and the findings of this study will strengthen the knowledge base on regional and global saltmarsh carbon stocks and their potential role in climate change mitigation.}, }
@article {pmid35064318, year = {2022}, author = {Zhao, F and Lei, J and Wang, R and Zhang, Q and Qi, Y and Zhang, K and Guo, Q and Wang, H}, title = {Environmental determination of spring wheat yield in a climatic transition zone under global warming.}, journal = {International journal of biometeorology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, pmid = {35064318}, issn = {1432-1254}, support = {42005097//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; }, abstract = {Understanding environmental determination of crop yield plays a critical role in agricultural. management in resource-limited areas. The climatic transition zone was a naturally ideal place to study. the relations between environmental factors and crop yield, due to its large annual variability of climatic factors and high speed of temperature increase under global warming. Our objectives were to identify the most critical environmental factor in determining spring wheat yield and analyze the convergence and divergence of water-yield relations for spring wheat in a typical climatic transition zone (semi-arid area). The study was conducted at two locations, Dingxi and Pengyang in Northwest China, with a long-term experiment (1987-2018) and two short-term irrigation experiments. Meanwhile, data of water use and spring wheat yield was collected from a series of previously published literature in the study area. The highest spring wheat yield was obtained under year pattern with higher soil water content at sowing (SWCS) and lower atmospheric dryness condition (ADC, the difference between reference evapotranspiration and precipitation during spring wheat growing season). SWCS was more important than precipitation during the growing season (PGS) in determining spring wheat yield in the study area. The relations between available water supply, water use, and spring wheat yield were convergence. However, SWCS had an impact on the relationship between yield and PGS and SWCS-yield relation was affected by ADC. We concluded that precipitation in 7 months before sowing was the dominant factor determining spring wheat yield in the climatic transition zone under global warming whereas the impact of high atmospheric evaporative demand resulted from the increasing temperature on crop yields and SWCS-yield relation must be taken into account for the analysis of environmental determination of spring wheat yield.}, }
@article {pmid35061854, year = {2022}, author = {Rettie, FM and Gayler, S and K D Weber, T and Tesfaye, K and Streck, T}, title = {Climate change impact on wheat and maize growth in Ethiopia: A multi-model uncertainty analysis.}, journal = {PloS one}, volume = {17}, number = {1}, pages = {e0262951}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0262951}, pmid = {35061854}, issn = {1932-6203}, abstract = {Ethiopia's economy is dominated by agriculture which is mainly rain-fed and subsistence. Climate change is expected to have an adverse impact particularly on crop production. Previous studies have shown large discrepancies in the magnitude and sometimes in the direction of the impact on crop production. We assessed the impact of climate change on growth and yield of maize and wheat in Ethiopia using a multi-crop model ensemble. The multi-model ensemble (n = 48) was set up using the agroecosystem modelling framework Expert-N. The framework is modular which facilitates combining different submodels for plant growth and soil processes. The multi-model ensemble was driven by climate change projections representing the mid of the century (2021-2050) from ten contrasting climate models downscaled to finer resolution. The contributions of different sources of uncertainty in crop yield prediction were quantified. The sensitivity of crop yield to elevated CO2, increased temperature, changes in precipitations and N fertilizer were also assessed. Our results indicate that grain yields were very sensitive to changes in [CO2], temperature and N fertilizer amounts where the responses were higher for wheat than maize. The response to change in precipitation was weak, which we attribute to the high water holding capacity of the soils due to high organic carbon contents at the study sites. This may provide the sufficient buffering capacity for extended time periods with low amounts of precipitation. Under the changing climate, wheat productivity will be a major challenge with a 36 to 40% reduction in grain yield by 2050 while the impact on maize was modest. A major part of the uncertainty in the projected impact could be attributed to differences in the crop growth models. A considerable fraction of the uncertainty could also be traced back to different soil water dynamics modeling approaches in the model ensemble, which is often ignored. Uncertainties varied among the studied crop species and cultivars as well. The study highlights significant impacts of climate change on wheat yield in Ethiopia whereby differences in crop growth models causes the large part of the uncertainties.}, }
@article {pmid35061743, year = {2022}, author = {Gahbauer, MA and Parker, SR and Wu, JX and Harpur, C and Bateman, BL and Whitaker, DM and Tate, DP and Taylor, L and Lepage, D}, title = {Projected changes in bird assemblages due to climate change in a Canadian system of protected areas.}, journal = {PloS one}, volume = {17}, number = {1}, pages = {e0262116}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0262116}, pmid = {35061743}, issn = {1932-6203}, abstract = {National parks often serve as a cornerstone for a country's species and ecosystem conservation efforts. However, despite the protection these sites afford, climate change is expected to drive a substantial change in their bird assemblages. We used species distribution models to predict the change in environmental suitability (i.e., how well environmental conditions explain the presence of a species) of 49 Canadian national parks during summer and winter for 434 bird species under a 2°C warming scenario, anticipated to occur in Canada around the mid-21st century. We compared these to existing species distributions in the 2010s, and classified suitability projections for each species at each park as potential extirpation, worsening, stable, improving, or potential colonisation. Across all parks, and both seasons, 70% of the projections indicate change, including a 25% turnover in summer assemblages and 30% turnover in winter assemblages. The majority of parks are projected to have increases in species richness and functional traits in winter, compared to a mix of increases and decreases in both in summer. However, some changes are expected to vary by region, such as Arctic region parks being likely to experience the most potential colonisation, while some of the Mixedwood Plains and Atlantic Maritime region parks may experience the greatest turnover and potential extirpation in summer if management actions are not taken to mitigate some of these losses. Although uncertainty exists around the precise rate and impacts of climate change, our results indicate that conservation practices that assume stationarity of environmental conditions will become untenable. We propose general guidance to help managers adapt their conservation actions to consider the potentially substantive changes in bird assemblages that are projected, including managing for persistence and change.}, }
@article {pmid35061707, year = {2022}, author = {Ullah, S and Syed, NM and Gang, T and Noor, RS and Ahmad, S and Waqas, MM and Shah, AN and Ullah, S}, title = {Recent global warming as a proximate cause of deforestation and forest degradation in northern Pakistan.}, journal = {PloS one}, volume = {17}, number = {1}, pages = {e0260607}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0260607}, pmid = {35061707}, issn = {1932-6203}, abstract = {Instrumental climatological records such as weather stations data of northern areas of Pakistan are not sufficient to assess the forest extreme events reliably. To understand the past climatic variability, tree ring width based climatic reconstruction is the best alternative to trace climate variability that goes back in time. Quercus Incana is the most sensitive species to drought and climatic variation in northern Pakistan. However, very little research quantifies the rate of ongoing climatic changes. A total of 65 tree cores were collected from two sites to understand the radial growth of Q. Incana to extreme drought events. The radial growth is mainly affected by high temperatures during May-July. In addition, radial growth exhibits a positive correlation with February-June precipitation while it is negatively correlated with the September precipitation. The radial growth decrease, particularly in harsh climatic conditions. The reconstructed tree ring record was strongly coherent with the May-June self-calibrated Palmer drought severity index (scPDSI) and reliable in reconstructing drought variability for the period 1750-2014. During the past 264 years, wet periods were found during 1980-2010, 1812-1836, and 1754-1760, while dry periods were found during 1896-1922, 1864-1876, and 1784-1788. Our reconstruction explains 39.8% of the scPDSI variance. The extreme drought and wet years we arrived at were in close agreement with the drought and wet periods that occurred in northern Pakistan. Wavelet analysis revealed drought variability at periodicities of 2.2-2.5, 3.3, 3-4, 16.7, 16.8, and 68-78.8 years. Hence it is concluded that deforestation and forest degradation rate increased with extreme drought and wet years. Overall, the variation of drought in northern Pakistan seems to have been affected due to El Nino south oscillation, Pacific decadal oscillation, or Atlantic multi-decadal oscillations.}, }
@article {pmid35060364, year = {2022}, author = {Lauletta, M and Moisé, E and La Grutta, S and Cilluffo, G and Piacentini, G and Ferrante, G and Peroni, DG and Di Cicco, M}, title = {CLIMATE ADVOCACY AMONG ITALIAN PEDIATRIC PULMONOLOGISTS: A NATIONAL SURVEY ON THE EFFECTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON RESPIRATORY ALLERGIES.}, journal = {Pediatric pulmonology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1002/ppul.25842}, pmid = {35060364}, issn = {1099-0496}, abstract = {Climate change (CC) is expected to negatively impact respiratory health due to air pollution and increased aeroallergen exposure. Children are among the most vulnerable populations due to high ventilation rates, small peripheral airways and developing respiratory and immunological systems. To assess the current knowledge among Italian pediatric pulmonologists on the potential effects of CC on pediatric respiratory allergic diseases, a national survey was launched online from February 2020 to February 2021. The members of the Italian Pediatric Respiratory Society (SIMRI) were contacted by email and 117 questionnaires were returned (response rate 16.4%). 72.6% of respondents were females, 53.8% were academic pediatricians, 42.7% had been working >10 years. Most of the participants were aware of the potential health effects of CC and stated that they had noticed an increase in the incidence (90.6%) and severity (67.5%) of allergic respiratory diseases among their patients. About 61% and 41% of participants respectively felt that there had been an increase in the number of children sensitized to pollen and molds. When applying latent class analysis to identify the features characterizing participants with greater awareness and knowledge of CC-related health effects, two classes were identified: almost 60% of the participants were labelled as "poor knowledge" and those with greater awareness were older, had longer work experience, and were those using the Internet to gather information about CC. There is urgent need to increase pediatricians' awareness of the detrimental effects of CC on children's respiratory health and integrate them in the educational programs of healthcare professionals. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.}, }
@article {pmid35060228, year = {2022}, author = {de Aquino, SO and Kiwuka, C and Tournebize, R and Gain, C and Marraccini, P and Mariac, C and Bethune, K and Couderc, M and Cubry, P and Andrade, AC and Lepelley, M and Darracq, O and Crouzillat, D and Anten, N and Musoli, P and Vigouroux, Y and de Kochko, A and Manel, S and François, O and Poncet, V}, title = {Adaptive potential of Coffea canephora from Uganda in response to climate change.}, journal = {Molecular ecology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1111/mec.16360}, pmid = {35060228}, issn = {1365-294X}, abstract = {Understanding vulnerabilities of plant populations to climate change could help preserve their biodiversity and reveal new elite parents for future breeding programs. To this end, landscape genomics is a useful approach for assessing putative adaptations to future climatic conditions, especially in long-lived species such as trees. We conducted a population genomics study of 207 Coffea canephora trees from seven forests along different climate gradients in Uganda. For this, we sequenced 323 candidate genes involved in key metabolic and defense pathways in coffee. Seventy-one SNPs were found to be significantly associated with bioclimatic variables, and were thereby considered as putatively adaptive loci. These SNPs were linked to key candidate genes, including transcription factors, like DREB-like and MYB family genes controlling plant responses to abiotic stresses, as well as other genes of organoleptic interest, like the DXMT gene involved in caffeine biosynthesis and a putative pest repellent. These climate-associated genetic markers were used to compute genetic offsets, predicting population responses to future climatic conditions based on local climate change forecasts. Using these measures of maladaptation to future conditions, substantial levels of genetic differentiation between present and future diversity were estimated for all populations and scenarios considered. The populations from the forests Zoka and Budongo, in the northernmost zone of Uganda, appeared to have the lowest genetic offsets under all predicted climate change patterns, while populations from Kalangala and Mabira, in the Lake Victoria region, exhibited the highest genetic offsets. The potential of these findings in terms of ex-situ conservation strategies are discussed.}, }
@article {pmid35060057, year = {2022}, author = {Deng, L and Han, Z and Pu, W and Bao, R and Wang, Z and Wu, Q and Qiao, J}, title = {Impacts of Human Activities and Climate Change on Water Storage Changes in Shandong Province, China.}, journal = {Environmental science and pollution research international}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, pmid = {35060057}, issn = {1614-7499}, support = {42101299//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; ZR2020QD011//Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province/ ; 2018M642691//Postdoctoral Research Foundation of China/ ; }, abstract = {The over-exploitation of water resources causes water resource depletion, which threatens water security, human life, and social and economic development. Only by clarifying the spatial pattern, changing trends, and influencing factors of water storage can we promote the rational development of water resources and relieve the pressure on water resources. However, there is still a lack of research on these aspects. In this study, the water-scarce area in Shandong Province, China, was selected to quantify the spatial and temporal changes in the terrestrial water storage (TWS) and groundwater storage (GWS) over the past 30 years. Nighttime light data were used to characterize the urbanization level (UL) and explore the effects of human activities (i.e., UL) and climate change (temperature and precipitation) on the TWS and GWS. The results show that 1) from 1990 to 2018, the overall TWS exhibited a significant decreasing trend (- 0.084 cm yr-1). The change trend of the GWS was consistent with that of the TWS (- 0.516 m3 yr-1). Spatially, there was significant spatial heterogeneity in the trend of the TWS and GWS. At the grid and prefectural scales, the TWS mainly exhibited a downward trend in the central and western regions, and an upward trend in the eastern region of Shandong Province. For the GWS, all cities exhibited a decreasing trend at the prefectural scale, whereas 92% of the regions exhibited a decreasing trend with less spatial heterogeneity at the grid scale. 2) Precipitation was the mean factor controlling the total amount of TWS and GWS in Shandong Province. Precipitation and temperature positively affected water storage, and the UL negatively affected it. At the prefectural scale, except for a few cities which were greatly influenced by the UL, the dominant factor of the TWS and GWS was precipitation in the other cities. At the grid scale, for the TWS, precipitation was the predominant factor in 51.82% of the entire region, followed by the UL (44.14%) and temperature (4.04%). For the GWS, precipitation was the predominant factor in 55.73% of the area, and the other 44.27% of the area was mainly influenced by the UL. Overall, precipitation and the UL were the key factors affecting the TWS and GWS. The results of this study provide a theoretical and decision-making basis for the optimal allocation and sustainable use of regional water resources.}, }
@article {pmid35059223, year = {2021}, author = {Ghimire, SR and Corona, J and Parmar, R and Mahadwar, G and Srinivasan, R and Mendoza, K and Johnston, JM}, title = {Sensitivity of Riparian Buffer Designs to Climate Change-Nutrient and Sediment Loading to Streams: A Case Study in the Albemarle-Pamlico River Basins (USA) Using HAWQS.}, journal = {Sustainability}, volume = {13}, number = {22}, pages = {1-28}, pmid = {35059223}, issn = {2071-1050}, support = {EPA999999/ImEPA/Intramural EPA/United States ; }, abstract = {Riparian buffer zones (RBZs) provide multiple benefits to watershed ecosystems. We aimed to conduct an extensive sensitivity analysis of the RBZ designs to climate change nutrient and sediment loadings to streams. We designed 135 simulation scenarios starting with the six baselines RBZs (grass, urban, two-zone forest, three-zone forest, wildlife, and naturalized) in three 12-digit Hydrologic Unit Code watersheds within the Albemarle-Pamlico river basin (USA). Using the hydrologic and water quality system (HAWQS), we assessed the sensitivity of the designs to five water quality indicator (WQI) parameters: dissolved oxygen (DO), total phosphorous (TP), total nitrogen (TN), sediment (SD), and biochemical oxygen demand (BD). To understand the climate mitigation potential of RBZs, we identified a subset of future climate change projection models of air temperature and precipitation using EPA's Locating and Selecting Scenarios Online tool. Analyses revealed optimal RBZ designs for the three watersheds. In terms of watershed ecosystem services sustainability, the optimal Urban RBZ in contemporary climate (1983-2018) reduced SD from 61-96%, TN from 34-55%, TP from 9-48%, and BD from 53-99%, and raised DO from 4-10% with respect to No-RBZ in the three watersheds. The late century's (2070-2099) extreme mean annual climate changes significantly increased the projected SD and BD; however, the addition of urban RBZs was projected to offset the climate change reducing SD from 28-94% and BD from 69-93% in the watersheds. All other types of RBZs are also projected to fully mitigate the climate change impacts on WQI parameters except three-zone RBZ.}, }
@article {pmid35058987, year = {2022}, author = {Noll, B and Filatova, T and Need, A and Taberna, A}, title = {Contextualizing cross national patterns in household climate change adaptation.}, journal = {Nature climate change}, volume = {12}, number = {1}, pages = {30-35}, pmid = {35058987}, issn = {1758-678X}, abstract = {Understanding social and behavioral drivers and constraints of household adaptation is essential to effectively address increasing climate-induced risks. Factors shaping household adaptation are commonly treated as universal; despite an emerging understanding that adaptations are shaped by social, institutional, and cultural contexts. Using original surveys in the United States, China, Indonesia, and the Netherlands (N=3,789) - we explore variations in factors shaping households' adaptations to flooding, the costliest hazard worldwide. We find that social influence, worry, climate change beliefs, self-efficacy, and perceived costs exhibit universal effects on household adaptations, despite countries' differences. Disparities occur in the effects of response efficacy, flood experience, beliefs in governmental actions, demographics, and media, which we attribute to specific cultural or institutional characteristics. Climate adaptation policies can leverage on the revealed similarities when extrapolating best practices across countries, yet should exercise caution as context-specific socio-behavioral drivers may discourage or even reverse household adaptation motivation.}, }
@article {pmid35058958, year = {2021}, author = {Wang, J and Li, M and Yu, C and Fu, G}, title = {The Change in Environmental Variables Linked to Climate Change Has a Stronger Effect on Aboveground Net Primary Productivity Than Does Phenological Change in Alpine Grasslands.}, journal = {Frontiers in plant science}, volume = {12}, number = {}, pages = {798633}, pmid = {35058958}, issn = {1664-462X}, abstract = {More and more studies have focused on responses of ecosystem carbon cycling to climate change and phenological change, and aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP) is a primary component of global carbon cycling. However, it remains unclear whether the climate change or the phenological change has stronger effects on ANPP. In this study, we compared the effects of phenological change and climate change on ANPP during 2000-2013 across 36 alpine grassland sites on the Tibetan Plateau. Our results indicated that ANPP showed a positive relationship with plant phenology such as prolonged length of growing season and advanced start of growing season, and environmental variables such as growing season precipitation (GSP), actual vapor pressure (Ea), relative humidity (RH), and the ratio of GSP to ≥5°C accumulated temperature (GSP/AccT), respectively. The linear change trend of ANPP increased with that of GSP, Ea, RH, and GSP/AccT rather than phenology variables. Interestingly, GSP had the closer correlation with ANPP and meanwhile the linear slope of GSP had the closer correlation with that of ANPP among all the concerned variables. Therefore, climate change, mainly attributed to precipitation change, had a stronger effect on ANPP than did phenological change in alpine grasslands on the Tibetan Plateau.}, }
@article {pmid35058957, year = {2021}, author = {García-García, I and Méndez-Cea, B and Martín-Gálvez, D and Seco, JI and Gallego, FJ and Linares, JC}, title = {Challenges and Perspectives in the Epigenetics of Climate Change-Induced Forests Decline.}, journal = {Frontiers in plant science}, volume = {12}, number = {}, pages = {797958}, pmid = {35058957}, issn = {1664-462X}, abstract = {Forest tree species are highly vulnerable to the effects of climate change. As sessile organisms with long generation times, their adaptation to a local changing environment may rely on epigenetic modifications when allele frequencies are not able to shift fast enough. However, the current lack of knowledge on this field is remarkable, due to many challenges that researchers face when studying this issue. Huge genome sizes, absence of reference genomes and annotation, and having to analyze huge amounts of data are among these difficulties, which limit the current ability to understand how climate change drives tree species epigenetic modifications. In spite of this challenging framework, some insights on the relationships among climate change-induced stress and epigenomics are coming. Advances in DNA sequencing technologies and an increasing number of studies dealing with this topic must boost our knowledge on tree adaptive capacity to changing environmental conditions. Here, we discuss challenges and perspectives in the epigenetics of climate change-induced forests decline, aiming to provide a general overview of the state of the art.}, }
@article {pmid35058891, year = {2021}, author = {Hu, Y and Jiang, X and Shao, K and Tang, X and Qin, B and Gao, G}, title = {Convergency and Stability Responses of Bacterial Communities to Salinization in Arid and Semiarid Areas: Implications for Global Climate Change in Lake Ecosystems.}, journal = {Frontiers in microbiology}, volume = {12}, number = {}, pages = {741645}, pmid = {35058891}, issn = {1664-302X}, abstract = {Climate change has given rise to salinization and nutrient enrichment in lake ecosystems of arid and semiarid areas, which have posed the bacterial communities not only into an ecotone in lake ecosystems but also into an assemblage of its own unique biomes. However, responses of bacterial communities to climate-related salinization and nutrient enrichment remain unclear. In September 2019, this study scrutinized the turnover of bacterial communities along gradients of increasing salinity and nutrient by a space-for-time substitution in Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, China. We find that salinization rather than nutrient enrichment primarily alters bacterial communities. The homogenous selection of salinization leads to convergent response of bacterial communities, which is revealed by the combination of a decreasing β-nearest taxon index (βNTI) and a pronounced negative correlation between niche breadth and salinity. Furthermore, interspecific interactions within bacterial communities significantly differed among distinct salinity levels. Specifically, mutualistic interactions showed an increase along the salinization. In contrast, topological parameters show hump-shaped curves (average degree and density) and sunken curves (modularity, density, and average path distance), the extremums of which all appear in the high-brackish environment, hinting that bacterial communities are comparatively stable at freshwater and brine environments but are unstable in moderately high-brackish lake.}, }
@article {pmid35058461, year = {2022}, author = {Bolibar, J and Rabatel, A and Gouttevin, I and Zekollari, H and Galiez, C}, title = {Nonlinear sensitivity of glacier mass balance to future climate change unveiled by deep learning.}, journal = {Nature communications}, volume = {13}, number = {1}, pages = {409}, pmid = {35058461}, issn = {2041-1723}, support = {BERGER project//Région Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes (Region Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes)/ ; Postdoctoral grant- chargé de recherches//Fonds De La Recherche Scientifique - FNRS (Belgian National Fund for Scientific Research)/ ; }, abstract = {Glaciers and ice caps are experiencing strong mass losses worldwide, challenging water availability, hydropower generation, and ecosystems. Here, we perform the first-ever glacier evolution projections based on deep learning by modelling the 21st century glacier evolution in the French Alps. By the end of the century, we predict a glacier volume loss between 75 and 88%. Deep learning captures a nonlinear response of glaciers to air temperature and precipitation, improving the representation of extreme mass balance rates compared to linear statistical and temperature-index models. Our results confirm an over-sensitivity of temperature-index models, often used by large-scale studies, to future warming. We argue that such models can be suitable for steep mountain glaciers. However, glacier projections under low-emission scenarios and the behaviour of flatter glaciers and ice caps are likely to be biased by mass balance models with linear sensitivities, introducing long-term biases in sea-level rise and water resources projections.}, }
@article {pmid35055922, year = {2022}, author = {Zhao, H and Xian, X and Zhao, Z and Zhang, G and Liu, W and Wan, F}, title = {Climate Change Increases the Expansion Risk of Helicoverpa zea in China According to Potential Geographical Distribution Estimation.}, journal = {Insects}, volume = {13}, number = {1}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3390/insects13010079}, pmid = {35055922}, issn = {2075-4450}, support = {caascx-2017-2022-IAS//the Science and Technology Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/ ; 2021YFB1003304//This research was funded by the National Key R&amp;D Program of China/ ; }, abstract = {Helicoverpa zea, a well-documented and endemic pest throughout most of the Americas, affecting more than 100 species of host plants. It is a quarantine pest according to the Asia and Pacific Plant Protection Commission (APPPC) and the catalog of quarantine pests for plants imported to the People's Republic of China. Based on 1781 global distribution records of H. zea and eight bioclimatic variables, the potential geographical distributions (PGDs) of H. zea were predicted by using a calibrated MaxEnt model. The contribution rate of bioclimatic variables and the jackknife method were integrated to assess the significant variables governing the PGDs. The response curves of bioclimatic variables were quantitatively determined to predict the PGDs of H. zea under climate change. The results showed that: (1) four out of the eight variables contributed the most to the model performance, namely, mean diurnal range (bio2), precipitation seasonality (bio15), precipitation of the driest quarter (bio17) and precipitation of the warmest quarter (bio18); (2) PGDs of H. zea under the current climate covered 418.15 × 104 km2, and were large in China; and (3) future climate change will facilitate the expansion of PGDs for H. zea under shared socioeconomic pathways (SSP) 1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, and SSP5-8.5 in both the 2030s and 2050s. The conversion of unsuitable to low suitability habitat and moderately to high suitability habitat increased by 8.43% and 2.35%, respectively. From the present day to the 2030s, under SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5, the centroid of the suitable habitats of H. zea showed a general tendency to move eastward; from 2030s to the 2050s, under SSP1-2.6 and SSP5-8.5, it moved southward, and it moved slightly northward under SSP2-4.5. According to bioclimatic conditions, H. zea has a high capacity for colonization by introduced individuals in China. Customs ports should pay attention to host plants and containers of H. zea and should exchange information to strengthen plant quarantine and pest monitoring, thus enhancing target management.}, }
@article {pmid35055902, year = {2022}, author = {Ding, W and Li, H and Wen, J}, title = {Climate Change Impacts on the Potential Distribution of Apocheima cinerarius (Erschoff) (Lepidoptera: Geometridae).}, journal = {Insects}, volume = {13}, number = {1}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3390/insects13010059}, pmid = {35055902}, issn = {2075-4450}, support = {31770691//National Natural Sciences Foundation of China/ ; }, abstract = {Among the impacts of ongoing and projected climate change are shifts in the distribution and severity of insect pests. Projecting those impacts is necessary to ensure effective pest management in the future. Apocheima cinerarius (Erschoff) (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) is an important polyphagous forest pest in China where causes huge economic and ecological losses in 20 provinces. Under historical climatic conditions, the suitable areas for A. cinerarius in China are mainly in the northern temperate zone (30-50° N) and the southern temperate zone (20-60° S). Using the CLIMEX model, the potential distribution of the pest in China and globally, both historically and under climate change, were estimated. Suitable habitats for A. cinerarius occur in parts of all continents. With climate change, its potential distribution extends northward in China and generally elsewhere in the northern hemisphere, although effects vary depending on latitude. In other areas of the world, some habitats become less suitable for the species. Based on the simulated growth index in CLIMEX, the onset of A. cinerarius would be earlier under climate change in some of its potential range, including Spain and Korea. Measures should anticipate the need for prevention and control of A. cinerarius in its potential extended range in China and globally.}, }
@article {pmid35055813, year = {2022}, author = {Soutar, C and Wand, APF}, title = {Understanding the Spectrum of Anxiety Responses to Climate Change: A Systematic Review of the Qualitative Literature.}, journal = {International journal of environmental research and public health}, volume = {19}, number = {2}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3390/ijerph19020990}, pmid = {35055813}, issn = {1660-4601}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Knowledge about climate change may produce anxiety, but the concept of climate change anxiety is poorly understood. The primary aim of this study was to systematically review the qualitative literature regarding the scope of anxiety responses to climate change. The secondary aim was to investigate the sociodemographic and geographical factors which influence experiences of climate change anxiety.<br><br>METHODS: A systematic review of empirical qualitative studies was undertaken, examining the scope of climate change anxiety by searching five databases. Studies were critically appraised for quality. Content analysis was used to identify themes.<br><br>RESULTS: Fifteen studies met the inclusion criteria. The content analysis was organised into two overarching themes. The scope of anxiety included worry about threats to livelihood, worry for future generations, worry about apocalyptic futures, anxiety at the lack of response to climate change, and competing worries. Themes pertaining to responses to climate change anxiety included symptoms of anxiety, feeling helpless and disempowered, and ways of managing climate change anxiety. Relatively few studies were identified, with limited geographical diversity amongst the populations studied.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: The review furthers understanding of the concept of climate change anxiety and responses to it, highlighting the need for high-quality psychiatric research exploring its clinical significance and potential interventions.}, }
@article {pmid35055772, year = {2022}, author = {Zhong, B and Wu, S and Sun, G and Wu, N}, title = {Farmers' Strategies to Climate Change and Urbanization: Potential of Ecosystem-Based Adaptation in Rural Chengdu, Southwest China.}, journal = {International journal of environmental research and public health}, volume = {19}, number = {2}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3390/ijerph19020952}, pmid = {35055772}, issn = {1660-4601}, support = {2019YFH0042, 2019YFH0132, 2019YFS0468, 2020YFS0025, 2021YFN0105//Projects of Sichuan Science &amp; Technology Department/ ; 2019QZKK0302//the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research (STEP) Program of China/ ; 2020YFE0203200//National Key R&amp;D Program of China/ ; 18JJD790018//Major Projects of the Key Research Base of Humanities and Social Sciences of the Ministry of Education/ ; }, abstract = {Ecosystem-based adaptation (EbA) is emerging as a cost-effective approach for helping people adapt to climate and non-climate changes. Nowadays, climate change and urbanization have affected agricultural systems, but it is not clear how rural communities have responded or adapted to those changes. Here, we chose two typical villages in the Chengdu Plain, southwest China, through sociological surveys on 90 local farmers with a semi-structured questionnaire, participatory observation, geospatial analysis of land use and land cover, and a literature review, to explore the local people's perception of changes or disturbances and their adaptation strategies from the perspective of EbA. The results showed that climate change and urbanization had impacted agricultural systems dramatically in the last 40 years. In two case-study sites, climate change and urbanization were perceived by most local farmers as the main drivers impacting on agricultural production, but various resource-use models containing abundant traditional knowledge or practices as well as modern tools, such as information communication technology (ICT), were applied to adapt to these changes. Moreover, culture service through the adaptive decoration of rural landscapes is becoming a new perspective for implementing an EbA strategy. Finally, our findings highlighted the potential value of an EbA strategy for sustaining urban-rural integrated development and enhancing the resilience of agricultural systems.}, }
@article {pmid35055715, year = {2022}, author = {Leal Filho, W and Ternova, L and Parasnis, SA and Kovaleva, M and Nagy, GJ}, title = {Climate Change and Zoonoses: A Review of Concepts, Definitions, and Bibliometrics.}, journal = {International journal of environmental research and public health}, volume = {19}, number = {2}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3390/ijerph19020893}, pmid = {35055715}, issn = {1660-4601}, abstract = {Climate change can have a complex impact that also influences human and animal health. For example, climate change alters the conditions for pathogens and vectors of zoonotic diseases. Signs of this are the increasing spread of the West Nile and Usutu viruses and the establishment of new vector species, such as specific mosquito and tick species, in Europe and other parts of the world. With these changes come new challenges for maintaining human and animal health. This paper reports on an analysis of the literature focused on a bibliometric analysis of the Scopus database and VOSviewer software for creating visualization maps which identifies the zoonotic health risks for humans and animals caused by climate change. The sources retained for the analysis totaled 428 and different thresholds (N) were established for each item varying from N 5 to 10. The main findings are as follows: First, published documents increased in 2009-2015 peaking in 2020. Second, the primary sources have changed since 2018, partly attributable to the increase in human health concerns due to human-to-human transmission. Third, the USA, the UK, Canada, Australia, Italy, and Germany perform most zoonosis research. For instance, sixty documents and only 17 countries analyzed for co-authorship analysis met the threshold led by the USA; the top four author keywords were "climate change", "zoonosis", "epidemiology", and "one health;" the USA, the UK, Germany, and Spain led the link strength (inter-collaboration); the author keywords showed that 37 out of the 1023 keywords met the threshold, and the authors' keyword's largest node of the bibliometric map contains the following: infectious diseases, emerging diseases, disease ecology, one health, surveillance, transmission, and wildlife. Finally, zoonotic diseases, which were documented in the literature in the past, have evolved, especially during the years 2010-2015, as evidenced by the sharp augmentation of publications addressing ad-hoc events and peaking in 2020 with the COVID-19 outbreak.}, }
@article {pmid35051620, year = {2022}, author = {Tonnang, HEZ and Sokame, BM and Abdel-Rahman, EM and Dubois, T}, title = {Measuring and modelling crop yield losses due to invasive insect pests under climate change.}, journal = {Current opinion in insect science}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {100873}, doi = {10.1016/j.cois.2022.100873}, pmid = {35051620}, issn = {2214-5753}, abstract = {Climate change and agriculture are strongly correlated, and the fast pace of climate change will have impacts on agroecosystems and crop productivity. This review summarizes potential impacts of rising temperatures and atmospheric CO2 concentrations on insect pest-crop interactions and provides two-way approaches for integrating these impacts into crop models for sustainable pest management strategies designing. Rising temperatures and CO2 levels affect insect physiology, accelerate their metabolism and increase their consumption, ultimately increasing population densities, which result in greater crop injury and damage, and yield loss. Whereas these direct effects are empirically demonstrated for temperature rises, they are less straightforward for CO2 increases. Furthermore, indirect effects of rising temperatures and CO2 levels remain largely unexploited and therefore unknown. Coupling insect pests and crops using a two-way feedback system model, whereby pest variables drive crop variables and vice versa, will improve analysis and forecasting of yield losses to better guide preparedness and intervention strategies.}, }
@article {pmid35050119, year = {2022}, author = {Mutinda, ES and Mkala, EM and Dong, X and Yang, JX and Waswa, EN and Nanjala, C and Odago, WO and Hu, GW and Wang, QF}, title = {Comparative Genomics, Phylogenetics, Biogeography, and Effects of Climate Change on Toddalia asiatica (L.) Lam. (Rutaceae) from Africa and Asia.}, journal = {Plants (Basel, Switzerland)}, volume = {11}, number = {2}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3390/plants11020231}, pmid = {35050119}, issn = {2223-7747}, support = {151853KYSB20190027//International Partnership Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences/ ; 31970211//The National Natural Sciences Foundation of China/ ; SAJC202101//The Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, CAS/ ; }, abstract = {In the present study, two samples of Toddalia asiatica species, both collected from Kenya, were sequenced and comparison of their genome structures carried out with T. asiatica species from China, available in the NCBI database. The genome size of both species from Africa was 158, 508 base pairs, which was slightly larger, compared to the reference genome of T. asiatica from Asia (158, 434 bp). The number of genes was 113 for both species from Africa, consisting of 79 protein-coding genes, 30 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes, and 4 ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes. Toddalia asiatica from Asia had 115 genes with 81 protein-coding genes, 30 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes, and 4 ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes. Both species compared displayed high similarity in gene arrangement. The gene number, orientation, and order were highly conserved. The IR/SC boundary structures were the same in all chloroplast genomes. A comparison of pairwise sequences indicated that the three regions (trnH-psbA, rpoB, and ycf1) were more divergent and can be useful in developing effective genetic markers. Phylogenetic analyses of the complete cp genomes and 79 protein-coding genes indicated that the Toddalia species collected from Africa were sister to T. asiatica collected from Asia. Both species formed a sister clade to the Southwest Pacific and East Asian species of Zanthoxylum. These results supported the previous studies of merging the genus Toddalia with Zanthoxylum and taxonomic change of Toddalia asiatica to Zanthoxylum asiaticum, which should also apply for the African species of Toddalia. Biogeographic results demonstrated that the two samples of Toddalia species from Africa diverged from T. asiatica from Asia (3.422 Mya, 95% HPD). These results supported an Asian origin of Toddalia species and later dispersal to Africa and Madagascar. The maxent model analysis showed that Asia would have an expansion of favorable areas for Toddalia species in the future. In Africa, there will be contraction and expansion of the favorable areas for the species. The availability of these cp genomes will provide valuable genetic resources for further population genetics and biogeographic studies of these species. However, more T. asiatica species collected from a wide geographical range are required.}, }
@article {pmid35048379, year = {2022}, author = {Perry, WB}, title = {The devastating duo: bycatch and climate change hit the Atlantic wolffish Anarhichas lupus.}, journal = {Journal of fish biology}, volume = {100}, number = {1}, pages = {3}, doi = {10.1111/jfb.14991}, pmid = {35048379}, issn = {1095-8649}, }
@article {pmid35047240, year = {2022}, author = {Pant, G and Maraseni, T and Apan, A and Allen, BL}, title = {Identifying and prioritising climate change adaptation actions for greater one-horned rhinoceros (Rhinoceros unicornis) conservation in Nepal.}, journal = {PeerJ}, volume = {10}, number = {}, pages = {e12795}, doi = {10.7717/peerj.12795}, pmid = {35047240}, issn = {2167-8359}, abstract = {Climate change has started impacting species, ecosystems, genetic diversity within species, and ecological interactions and is thus a serious threat to conserving biodiversity globally. In the absence of adequate adaptation measures, biodiversity may continue to decline, and many species will possibly become extinct. Given that global temperature continues to increase, climate change adaptation has emerged as an overarching framework for conservation planning. We identified both ongoing and probable climate change adaptation actions for greater one-horned rhinoceros conservation in Nepal through a combination of literature review, key informant surveys (n = 53), focus group discussions (n = 37) and expert consultation (n = 9), and prioritised the identified adaptation actions through stakeholder consultation (n = 17). The majority of key informants (>80%) reported that climate change has been impacting rhinoceros, and more than 65% of them believe that rhinoceros habitat suitability in Nepal has been shifting westwards. Despite these perceived risks, climate change impacts have not been incorporated well into formal conservation planning for rhinoceros. Out of 20 identified adaptation actions under nine adaptation strategies, identifying and protecting climate refugia, restoring the existing habitats through wetland and grassland management, creating artificial highlands in floodplains to provide rhinoceros with refuge during severe floods, and translocating them to other suitable habitats received higher priority. These adaptation actions may contribute to reducing the vulnerability of rhinoceros to the likely impacts of climate change. This study is the first of its kind in Nepal and is expected to provide a guideline to align ongoing conservation measures into climate change adaptation planning for rhinoceros. Further, we emphasise the need to integrating likely climate change impacts while planning for rhinoceros conservation and initiating experimental research and monitoring programs to better inform adaptation planning in the future.}, }
@article {pmid35047103, year = {2022}, author = {Nagai, K}, title = {Climate change and demand of emergency care in Japan.}, journal = {Journal of rural medicine : JRM}, volume = {17}, number = {1}, pages = {57-58}, doi = {10.2185/jrm.2021-046}, pmid = {35047103}, issn = {1880-487X}, abstract = {Both the frequency and severity of heat stress-related health problems have been increasing globally, probably due to global warming. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change published a landmark climate report, the 6th Assessment Report, which shocked the world. It emphasized that anthropogenic activities, such as the combustion of fossil fuels, oil, gas, and coal, were responsible for climate change. The combination of population aging, and increased temperatures has meant that the number of people requiring emergency transport for heatstroke has been increasing in Japan from 2008 to 2020. The increase in ambient temperatures and the number of patients requiring emergency transport were strongly correlated (Spearman correlation coefficient: r=0.669 and P=0.008). Like many human activities, medical care is resource intensive and contributes significantly to climate change through the consumption of energy and water, as well as the emission of greenhouse gases. As healthcare professionals, we need to be cognizant of how our eco-friendly activities both on and off the job can contribute to saving both the patients and us.}, }
@article {pmid35045121, year = {2022}, author = {Gull E Fareen, A and Mahmood, T and Bodlah, I and Rashid, A and Khalid, A and Mahmood, S}, title = {Modeling potential distribution of newly recorded ant, Brachyponera nigrita using Maxent under climate change in Pothwar region, Pakistan.}, journal = {PloS one}, volume = {17}, number = {1}, pages = {e0262451}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0262451}, pmid = {35045121}, issn = {1932-6203}, abstract = {Climate change has been discussed as to exert shifts in geographical range of plants, animals or insect species by increasing, reducing or shifting its appropriate climatic habitat. Globally, Pakistan has been ranked at 5th position on the list of countries most vulnerable to climate change in 2020. Climate change has resulted in the losses of biodiversity and alteration in ecosystem as a result of depletion of natural habitats of species in Pakistan as well as in the world. Ants have been regarded as indicators of environmental change and ecosystem processes. Brachyponera nigrita (Emery, 1895) was reported for the first time from Pakistan (Pothwar region). Objective of our studies was to model geographic distribution of newly recorded ant species, B. nigrita based on two representative concentration pathways (RCP) (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5) for 2050s using maximum entropy model (Maxent) in Pakistan. In modeling procedure, 21occurrence records and 8 variables namely Bio4 (Temperature seasonality), Bio8 (Mean temperature of wettest quarter), Bio10 (Mean temperature of warmest quarter), Bio12 (Annual precipitation), Bio13 (Precipitation of wettest month), Bio15 (Precipitation seasonality), Bio17 (Precipitation of driest quarter) and Bio18 (Precipitation of warmest quarter) were used to determine the current and future distributions. Performance of the model was evaluated using AUC (area under curves) values, partial ROC, omission rates (E = 5%) and AICc (Model complexity).The results showed the average AUC value of the model was 0.930, which indicated that the accuracy of the model was excellent. The jackknife test also showed that Bio4, Bio18, Bio17 and Bio15 contributed 98% for the prediction of potential distribution of the species as compared to all other variables. Maxent results indicated that distribution area of B. nigrita under future predicted bioclimatics 2050 (RCP 4.5 and RCP8.5) would be increased in various localities of Pakistan as compared to its current distribution. In Pothwar region, moderately suitable and highly suitable areas of this species would increase by 505.932321km2and 572.118421km2as compared to current distribution under 2050 (RCP 4.5), while under 2050 (RCP 8.5), there would be an increase of 6427.2576km2and 3765.140493km2 respectively in moderately suitable and highly suitable areas of B. nigrita. This species was associated with termites, collembolans and larval stages of different insects. White eggs, creamy white pupae and many workers of this species were observed in a variety of habitats. Unknown nesting ecology, species identification characters supported with micrographs has been given which will help researchers for further ecological studies.}, }
@article {pmid35045090, year = {2022}, author = {Spisak, BR and State, B and van de Leemput, I and Scheffer, M and Liu, Y}, title = {Large-scale decrease in the social salience of climate change during the COVID-19 pandemic.}, journal = {PloS one}, volume = {17}, number = {1}, pages = {e0256082}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0256082}, pmid = {35045090}, issn = {1932-6203}, abstract = {There are concerns that climate change attention is waning as competing global threats intensify. To investigate this possibility, we analyzed all link shares and reshares on Meta's Facebook platform (e.g., shares and reshares of news articles) in the United States from August 2019 to December 2020 (containing billions of aggregated and de-identified shares and reshares). We then identified all link shares and reshares on "climate change" and "global warming" from this repository to develop a social media salience index-the Climate SMSI score-and found an 80% decrease in climate change content sharing and resharing as COVID-19 spread during the spring of 2020. Climate change salience then briefly rebounded in the autumn of 2020 during a period of record-setting wildfires and droughts in the United States before returning to low content sharing and resharing levels. This fluctuating pattern suggests new climate communication strategies-focused on "systemic sustainability"-are necessary in an age of competing global crises.}, }
@article {pmid35043907, year = {2022}, author = {Alpino, TMA and Mazoto, ML and Barros, DC and Freitas, CM}, title = {The impacts of climate change on Food and Nutritional Security: a literature review.}, journal = {Ciencia &amp; saude coletiva}, volume = {27}, number = {1}, pages = {273-286}, doi = {10.1590/1413-81232022271.05972020}, pmid = {35043907}, issn = {1678-4561}, abstract = {The interface between Climate Changes and Food and Nutrition Security (FNS) has been standing out in the sustainable development agenda since the early 1990's. Since then, studies show that climate changes have negative effects on the FNS, aggravated by poverty and social inequality. The purpose of this paper is to perform a review evidencing the relationships between climate changes and FNS. The research was carried out in PubMed using the descriptors "climate change and food security" on the headline, selecting only papers in Portuguese, Spanish, and English languages, and with a direct relation to the themes. The main impacts of climate changes on the FNS were related to the access, production, nutritional quality, and volatility of food prices. The studies also indicated mitigation/adaptation strategies to the effects of climate changes on the FNS, as well as a geographic panorama of the publications with fields of study in Africa and Asia, continents marked by social inequality and poverty. Climate changes affect the dimensions of FNS, especially in poorer populations in situation of social inequality. The relevance of the themes raises concern on the urgency of higher investments in public policies, studies, and research on the subject around the world.}, }
@article {pmid35041962, year = {2022}, author = {Gomez-Gomez, JD and Pulido-Velazquez, D and Collados-Lara, AJ and Fernandez-Chacon, F}, title = {The impact of climate change scenarios on droughts and their propagation in an arid Mediterranean basin. A useful approach for planning adaptation strategies.}, journal = {The Science of the total environment}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {153128}, doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153128}, pmid = {35041962}, issn = {1879-1026}, abstract = {Areas where there is a scarcity of water frequently experience significant drought periods, which may become exacerbated in the future due to climate change. In this paper we propose a novel and integrated method for a semi-distributed analysis of the impact on potential future meteorological, hydrological, agronomical and operational droughts within a basin. We analyse the propagation and correlation of the different types of droughts, and then this analysis can be used to plan sustainable adaptation strategies. The proposed method is based on sequential applications of different statistical techniques and mathematical models. We have applied several statistical downscaling techniques to generate consistent local future climate scenarios considering both basic and drought statistics. This allows us to analyse the sensitivity of the results to the applied technique and the spatial distribution. A chain of models has been used to propagate climate scenarios to analyse the hydrological, agricultural, and operational impact. We have applied a clustering analysis to historical data to identify homogeneous hydro-climate areas used to analyse the spatial distribution of the impact. The approach has been applied in the Segura basin (in south-eastern Spain). The simulations of the impact in the 3 generated ensemble scenarios on the whole Segura Basin system for the horizon 2071-2100 under the RCP8.5 emission scenario show a significant mean reduction (40.9-59.1%) of the available resources, an increase in pumping rates in aquifers (36.4-42.7%) and lower guarantees (96.3% in the historical period and 75.0-77.6% in the future scenarios) for demand supply. The spatial distribution of the impact is heterogeneous, with the hydro-climate areas near to the coast for agricultural and operational droughts being more affected. An analysis of correlation between the meteorological and operational droughts shows the maximum correlation for a time delay of around 4 months. This information could help to identify when measures to reduce the operational impact should start to be applied when a meteorological drought starts.}, }
@article {pmid35041710, year = {2022}, author = {Igawa, TK and Toledo, PM and Anjos, LJS}, title = {Climate change could reduce and spatially reconfigure cocoa cultivation in the Brazilian Amazon by 2050.}, journal = {PloS one}, volume = {17}, number = {1}, pages = {e0262729}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0262729}, pmid = {35041710}, issn = {1932-6203}, abstract = {Cocoa is a plant with origins in northwestern South America with high relevance in the global economy. Evidence indicates that cocoa is sensitive to a dry climate, under which crop production is reduced. Projections for future climate change scenarios suggest a warmer and drier climate in the Amazon basin. In this paper, we quantify the potential effects in cocoa production due to its edaphoclimatic suitability changes to the Brazilian Amazon biome and account for regional differences in planning occupation territories. We modeled the suitability of cocoa's geographical distribution using an ensemble of 10 correlative models that were run in the "biomod2" library and projected to two future climate scenarios (RCPs 4.5 and 8.5) by 2050. Combining information on climate and soil suitability and installed infrastructure in the macro-regions of the Brazilian Amazon. We defined a zoning system to indicate how cocoa production may respond to climate change according to the current and future suitability model. Our results suggest that a reduction in precipitation and an increase in temperature may promote a reduction in the suitability of cocoa production in the Brazilian Amazon biome. In addition of the areas suitable for cocoa plantation, we found a 37.05% and 73.15% decrease in the areas suitable for intensification and expansion zones under RCP 4.5 and 8.5, respectively, compared with the current scenario. We conclude that there may be a need to expand land to cocoa production in the future, or else it will be necessary to plant a cocoa variety resistant to new climatic conditions. Besides, we recommend procedures to combat illegal deforestation to prevent the most critical climate change scenarios from occurring.}, }
@article {pmid35040241, year = {2022}, author = {Campbell, TG and Al-Qureshi, S}, title = {Ophthalmologists and climate change.}, journal = {Clinical &amp; experimental ophthalmology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1111/ceo.14041}, pmid = {35040241}, issn = {1442-9071}, abstract = {It is indisputable that human activities have caused climate change and that, if left unchecked, these activities will lead to worsening of weather extremes including fire, drought, and flood with all their attendant human suffering. Reducing future climate change requires limiting cumulative emissions of CO2 and other greenhouse gases including methane. We have written this evidence-based perspective to highlight interventions with the largest effect to help the average ophthalmologist make the changes with the highest impact in their day-to-day lives.}, }
@article {pmid35039568, year = {2022}, author = {Mohammed, IN and Bolten, JD and Souter, NJ and Shaad, K and Vollmer, D}, title = {Diagnosing challenges and setting priorities for sustainable water resource management under climate change.}, journal = {Scientific reports}, volume = {12}, number = {1}, pages = {796}, pmid = {35039568}, issn = {2045-2322}, support = {Space Act Agreement number 27304/NASA/NASA/United States ; Space Act Agreement number 27304/NASA/NASA/United States ; }, abstract = {Managing transboundary river basins requires balancing tradeoffs of sustainable water use and coping with climate uncertainty. We demonstrate an integrated approach to exploring these issues through the lens of a social-ecological system, combining remote and in-situ earth observations, hydrologic and climate models, and social surveys. Specifically, we examine how climate change and dam development could impact the Se Kong, Se San and Sre Pok rivers in the Mekong region. We find that climate change will lead to increased precipitation, necessitating a shift in dam operations, from maintaining low flows to reducing flood hazards. We also find that existing water governance systems in Laos, Vietnam, and Cambodia are ill-prepared to address the problem. We conclude that the solution space for addressing these complex issues will be highly constrained unless major deficiencies in transboundary water governance, strategic planning, financial capacity, information sharing, and law enforcement are remedied in the next decades.}, }
@article {pmid35038090, year = {2022}, author = {Abbas, S}, title = {Global warming and export competitiveness of agriculture sector: evidence from heterogeneous econometric analysis of Pakistan.}, journal = {Environmental science and pollution research international}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, pmid = {35038090}, issn = {1614-7499}, abstract = {The increase in average annual temperature due to greenhouse gases emission is posing threat to the agriculture sector across the globe. Pakistan is labor abundant agrarian country that heavily depends on the agriculture sector for food, employment, and raw material for industries. This study is a preliminary investigation that explores the effect of increasing average annual temperature on the competitiveness of 24 major agricultural exports from 2003 to 2020. The revealed export advantage (RXA) is used to explore the competitive performance of selected agricultural exports, which is then normalized to examine the effect of increasing average annual temperature along with official exchange rate, urbanization, and globalization. The panel fixed-effect model with heteroscedasticity consistent robust standard error recommended by White (Econometrica 48(4):817-838, 1980) is used to explore model estimates, whereas the robustness check has been performed by using heteroscedasticity and multicollinearity consistent robust standard error model of Driscoll and Kaary (Rev Econ Stat 80(4):549-559, 1998). The estimated result reveals that the increasing average annual temperature has a negative but insignificant impact on the export competitiveness of selected agricultural exports. While, urbanization and exchange rate deprecation show a significant negative effect of higher intensity, respectively. Globalization, however, reveals a significant positive impact on the competitiveness of selected agricultural exports. This study, therefore, urges for the development of the agriculture sector by adopting SDGs proposed by the United Nations for sustainable economic growth and development.}, }
@article {pmid35036279, year = {2022}, author = {Welsch, H}, title = {What shapes cognitions of climate change in Europe? Ideology, morality, and the role of educational attainment.}, journal = {Journal of environmental studies and sciences}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {1-10}, doi = {10.1007/s13412-021-00745-7}, pmid = {35036279}, issn = {2190-6483}, abstract = {Cognitions about climate change are of critical importance for climate change mitigation as they influence climate-relevant behaviors and the support of climate policy. Using about 30,000 observations from a large-scale representative survey from 23 European countries, this study provides two major findings. First, important policy-relevant climate change cognitions do not only differ by individuals' ideological identity (left versus right) but-independently-by their moral identity, that is, the pattern of endorsement of the moral foundations: Care, Fairness, Liberty, Loyalty, Authority, and Purity/Sanctity. In particular, controlling for ideological position, the cognitions that the world climate is changing, that climate change is human-made, and that climate change impacts are bad are significantly negatively related to stronger endorsement of the Authority and Sanctity foundations while being positively related to stronger endorsement of the Loyalty and Fairness foundations. Second, not only the ideology-related cognitive divide but the morality-related divide is larger in individuals with tertiary education, consistent with the idea that individuals with greater science literacy and numeracy use these skills to adjust their cognitions to their group identity. The finding that better education may amplify rather than attenuate the ideology and morality dependence of decision-relevant climate change cognitions sheds doubt on the proposition that better education unambiguously furthers the prospects for climate change mitigation.}, }
@article {pmid35035604, year = {2022}, author = {Cifuentes-Faura, J}, title = {European Union policies and their role in combating climate change over the years.}, journal = {Air quality, atmosphere, &amp; health}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {1-8}, pmid = {35035604}, issn = {1873-9318}, abstract = {The worrying environmental situation and increased public awareness in recent years have led many countries to take measures to reduce negative impacts on the environment. The European Union (EU) has been one of the most active in environmental protection with the formulation of policies aimed at preserving the health and well-being of citizens and protecting natural resources. One of the objectives of environmental policies is to make the economy of its member states more environmentally friendly, although this requires finding solutions to major challenges such as climate change, the scarcity of natural resources, the emission of polluting gases, and unsustainable consumption and production. This article reviews the main policies that have been implemented in the EU to reduce environmental problems and the scope of climate change conferences. It offers solutions to promote sustainability that could be adopted by companies, individuals, and governmental institutions to jointly contribute to achieving a more sustainable world, where problems such as climate change or the emission of polluting gases are minimized. The aim is to follow the principles of the Circular Economy and the European Green Deal.}, }
@article {pmid35035097, year = {2022}, author = {Rowland, J and Estevens, J and Krzewińska, A and Warwas, I and Delicado, A}, title = {Trust and Mistrust in Sources of Scientific Information on Climate Change and Vaccines: Insights from Portugal and Poland.}, journal = {Science &amp; education}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {1-26}, pmid = {35035097}, issn = {0926-7220}, abstract = {Public trust in science and expertise remains a contentious issue. When public trust is analysed, it often simplifies a complex process of information retrieval and interpretation. Questionnaire surveys help us make sense of differences among actors and countries, but they fail to provide a comprehensive analysis of the reasons that lead citizens to trust a specific actor to differing degrees. Hence, we opted for using a qualitative grounded approach to understand how citizens make sense of their trust in several actors. This article draws from the results of public consultations with citizens in Portugal and Poland about two specific science-related topics-climate change and vaccines-focusing on citizens' perceptions of trust in several sources of scientific information. The results show that citizens' trust varies depending on the source of scientific information, and it is affected by the topic's visibility and different national levels of institutional trust. It also concludes that citizens use different criteria to evaluate trustworthiness and that this process leads to different ways of expressing trust/mistrust: unquestioned confidence, justified trust, reflexive trust, and active distrust. Such knowledge leads to a more in depth understanding of how trust in science is constructed, which can help science communicators and educators choose sources and materials.}, }
@article {pmid35034308, year = {2022}, author = {Baig, IA and Chandio, AA and Ozturk, I and Kumar, P and Khan, ZA and Salam, MA}, title = {Assessing the long- and short-run asymmetrical effects of climate change on rice production: empirical evidence from India.}, journal = {Environmental science and pollution research international}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, pmid = {35034308}, issn = {1614-7499}, abstract = {In recent years, environmental change has arisen as a ubiquitous problem and gained environmentalist's attention across the globe due to its long-term harmful effects on agricultural production, food supply, water supply, and livelihoods of rural households. The present study aims to explore the asymmetrical dynamic relationship between climate change and rice production with other explanatory variables. Based on the time series data of India, covering the period 1991-2018, the current study applied the nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag (NARDL) model and Granger causality approach. The results of the NARDL reveal that mean temperature negatively affects rice production in the long run while positively affecting it in the short run. Furthermore, positive shocks in rainfall and carbon emission have negative and significant impacts on rice production in the long and short run. In comparison, negative rainfall shocks significantly affect rice production in the long and short run. Wald test confirms the asymmetrical relationship between climate change and rice production. The Granger causality test shows feedback effect among mean temperature, decreasing rainfall, increasing carbon emission, and rice production. While no causal relationship between increasing temperature and decreasing carbon emission. Based on the empirical investigations, some critical policy implications emerged. Toward sustainable rice production in India, there is a need to improve irrigation infrastructure through increasing public investment and to develop climate-resilient seeds varieties to cope with climate change. Along with, at the district level government should provide proper training to farmers regarding the usage of pesticides, the proper amount of fertilizers, and irrigation systems.}, }
@article {pmid35033315, year = {2022}, author = {Arepally, A and Omary, RA and Vandenbergh, MP}, title = {Scanning the Planet: Radiology's Grand Opportunity to Address Climate Change.}, journal = {Journal of the American College of Radiology : JACR}, volume = {19}, number = {1 Pt B}, pages = {217-219}, doi = {10.1016/j.jacr.2021.08.031}, pmid = {35033315}, issn = {1558-349X}, }
@article {pmid35032271, year = {2022}, author = {Khan, AA and Khan, SU and Ali, MAS and Safi, A and Gao, Y and Luo, J}, title = {Identifying impact of international trade and renewable energy consumption on environmental quality improvement and their role in global warming.}, journal = {Environmental science and pollution research international}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, pmid = {35032271}, issn = {1614-7499}, abstract = {There is a lack of proper research that highlights the impact of institutional quality (IQ) and renewable energy consumption (REC) on the carbon emission (CE). The significance of IQ and REC in the achievement of zero CE is highlighted in this research. The current research reports the effects of these important factors on the consumption-based carbon emissions in the G-7 countries from 1995 to 2018. Based on the outcome of the cointegration test, the long-run connection is recognized between IQ, REC, GDP, exports, imports, and consumption-based CE. The findings also validated that there exist significant decrease and increase in the CE in both the short and long run; for instance, IQ, REC, and exports decrease the CE, while imports and GDP increase the CE. The estimates of causality test showed that policies aimed at improving IQ, REC, GDP, exports, and imports have a significant impact on the CE. Consequently, based on these results, policymakers in the G-7 must prioritize IQ and REC to enhance environmental quality and attain carbon neutrality.}, }
@article {pmid35032203, year = {2022}, author = {Connare, BM and Islam, K}, title = {Failure to advance migratory phenology in response to climate change may pose a significant threat to a declining Nearctic-Neotropical songbird.}, journal = {International journal of biometeorology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, pmid = {35032203}, issn = {1432-1254}, support = {240156//Indiana Department of Natural Resources/ ; }, abstract = {Populations of long-distance migrants that breed in seasonal habitats can be significantly impacted by climate change. We examined the migratory and breeding phenologies of the cerulean warbler (Setophaga cerulea), a declining long-distance Nearctic-Neotropical migrant that breeds in deciduous forests of Indiana. Our primary objectives were to determine temporal trends in cerulean warbler migratory timing, and to identify climate variables that explain variation in this species' migratory and breeding phenologies. We reviewed trends in cerulean warbler first arrival to Indiana from 1982 to 2019, and compared them to several explanatory climate variables: spring temperature, growing degree days (GDD), North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index, and Oceanic Niño Index (ONI). We also compared the timing of cerulean warbler first lay dates from 2012 to 2019 with the aforementioned climate variables and annual spring precipitation. Cerulean warblers exhibited a minimal advance in first arrival timing (≤4 days in 38 years). Arrival timing was best predicted by GDD and a null model, but trends in GDD indicate that spring warming in Indiana has advanced by a greater margin, approximately 14 days. Climate variables did not predict first lay timing better than a null model. Springtime in Indiana is occurring earlier, but cerulean warblers are advancing their migratory timing to a much smaller degree. This failure to adapt may have a detrimental effect on warbler populations if it results in an asynchronization of important biological timings between them and their prey. Further studies of cerulean warbler breeding and prey phenologies are necessary to determine how climate change is impacting this species' reproductive success.}, }
@article {pmid35031995, year = {2022}, author = {Zhong, F and Cheng, W and Guo, A and Song, X and Cheng, Q and Ullah, A and Song, Y}, title = {Are Chinese social scientists concerned about climate change? A bibliometric analysis and literature review.}, journal = {Environmental science and pollution research international}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, pmid = {35031995}, issn = {1614-7499}, abstract = {China has been the world's largest emitter of carbon dioxide since 2006. To achieve the goal of carbon neutrality by 2060, social scientists must become involved in China's deep decarbonization process. However, Chinese social scientists have given little attention to climate change in their bibliometric research. Based on the Chinese Social Sciences Citation Index journal catalog of the four essential social sciences, namely, management, economics, politics, and sociology, we used the China National Knowledge Infrastructure database to quantify the extent to which Chinese social scientists are concerned about climate change. The results showed that from 1978 to 2020, 1179 articles on climate change were published in management, economics, politics, and sociology journals, which represented only 26.8% of the 4397 articles published on pollution in the same journals. Politics journals published the most articles (38.76%), while sociology journals published the fewest (2.37%). Thus, Chinese social scientists rarely considered climate change, mainly because this topic remains controversial in some fields and because of the influence of international politics in addition to the promotion and incentive mechanisms for researchers. We analyzed the keywords and evolution of climate change research in the four social sciences and our results show that social scientists should give greater emphasis to climate change in their research.}, }
@article {pmid35031574, year = {2022}, author = {Arasaradnam, RP and Hillman, T}, title = {Climate change and health research - lessons from COP26.}, journal = {Clinical medicine (London, England)}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.7861/clinmed.2021-0780}, pmid = {35031574}, issn = {1473-4893}, }
@article {pmid35031362, year = {2022}, author = {Pang, X and Gu, Y and Launiainen, S and Guan, M}, title = {Urban hydrological responses to climate change and urbanization in cold climates.}, journal = {The Science of the total environment}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {153066}, doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153066}, pmid = {35031362}, issn = {1879-1026}, abstract = {This study explores hydrological response of urban catchment in Southern Finland to climate change and urbanization. Process-based urban hydrological modelling and statistical analysis are applied to various urbanization and climate scenarios. Future changes in precipitation and temperature under Representative Concentration Pathways 4.5 and 8.5 (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5, respectively) clearly influence urban streamflow all year-round. We found snowpack shrinks during 2061 to 2090, snowmelt becomes earlier and the amount of melted runoff is reduced under both climate scenarios. The most significant runoff increase occurs in winter with the growth rates of 79% and 127%, respectively. It is also found that the dominant portion of urban streamflow shifts from summer to autumn in the future under both RCP4.5 and RCP8.5. Results indicate that urbanization has direct impact on hydrological response due to the change of imperviousness, but climate change will have more significant impact on seasonal distribution of urban streamflow. Additionally, urbanization impacts shrink monthly streamflow differences along with climate change.}, }
@article {pmid35030394, year = {2022}, author = {Ahmed Hanifi, SMM and Menon, N and Quisumbing, A}, title = {The impact of climate change on children's nutritional status in coastal Bangladesh.}, journal = {Social science &amp; medicine (1982)}, volume = {294}, number = {}, pages = {114704}, doi = {10.1016/j.socscimed.2022.114704}, pmid = {35030394}, issn = {1873-5347}, abstract = {This paper studies the impact of climate change on the nutritional status of very young children between the ages of 0-3 years by using weather data from the last half century merged with rich information on child, mother, and household characteristics in rural coastal Bangladesh. We evaluate the health consequences of rising temperature and relative humidity and varying rainfall jointly employing alternate functional forms. Leveraging models that control for annual trends and location-specific seasonality, and that allow the impacts of temperature to vary non-parametrically while rainfall and humidity have flexible non-linear forms, we find that temperatures that exceed 25 °C (the "comfortable" benchmark) in the month of birth exert negative effects on children's nutritional status as measured by mid upper arm circumference. Humidity has a positive impact which persists when child, mother and household controls are included. We find that exposure to changing climate in utero also matters. Explanations for these results include consequences of weather fluctuations on the extent of pasture, cropland, and rainfed lands planted with rice and other crops, and on mother's age at first marriage. Our results underline that climate change has real consequences for the health of very young populations in vulnerable areas.}, }
@article {pmid35028848, year = {2022}, author = {Qin, X and Xia, W and Hu, X and Shao, Z}, title = {Dynamic variations of cyanobacterial blooms and their response to urban development and climate change in Lake Chaohu based on Landsat observations.}, journal = {Environmental science and pollution research international}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1007/s11356-022-18616-1}, pmid = {35028848}, issn = {1614-7499}, support = {72071064//national natural science foundation of china/ ; }, abstract = {Recurring cyanobacterial blooms have seriously hindered the sustainable development of cities. In this study, the variation trend of cyanobacterial blooms was analyzed by taking Lake Chaohu in China as the study area, and the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) derived from Landsat observations combined with the development index of surrounding cities from 2009 to 2019 was used to quantitatively analyze the response of cyanobacterial blooms to urban development and climate change. The results showed that the NDVI of the Northwest Lake region was significantly higher than that of other regions. Summer and autumn were the main seasons for the outbreak of cyanobacterial blooms. The NDVI of Lake Chaohu and Baohe Lake region showed a significant correlation with the gross domestic product (GDP) growth rate of Hefei city (HF), the districts and counties around the lake (DCL), Baohe District (BH), and the population (P). As the economic regions gradually focused on BH rather than on HF and DCL, there was an increasing trend correlation between the NDVI of Baohe Lake region and the GDP growth rate. However, the elimination of GDP in BH did not affect the consistency relationship between the economic growth of other regions and the NDVI of Lake Chaohu on a large scale. In addition, the results of relative importance analysis indicated that the GDP growth rate of BH and the area of Hefei except DCL (HF-DCL) accounted for important contribution to the [Formula: see text] of the regression. This study has momentous reference value for understanding the coupling relationship between urban development and lake environment.}, }
@article {pmid35028465, year = {2022}, author = {Balima, LH and Nacoulma, BMI and Da, SS and Ouédraogo, A and Soro, D and Thiombiano, A}, title = {Impacts of climate change on the geographic distribution of African oak tree (Afzelia africana Sm.) in Burkina Faso, West Africa.}, journal = {Heliyon}, volume = {8}, number = {1}, pages = {e08688}, doi = {10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08688}, pmid = {35028465}, issn = {2405-8440}, abstract = {Afzelia africana Sm - a multipurpose leguminous tree species - is threatened in West Africa - a climate change hotspot region. Yet, although the impacts of land use on this species dynamics have been widely reported, there is a little literature on the impacts of climate change on its spatial distribution. This study aimed to predict the impacts of climate change on the geographic distribution of A. africana in Burkina Faso. A total of 4,066 records of A. africana was compiled from personal fieldwork and vegetation database. Current and future bioclimatic variables were obtained from WorldClim website. For future climatic projections, six global climate models (GCMs) were selected under two emission scenarios (RCP 4.5 &amp; RCP 8.5) and two horizons (2050 &amp; 2070). Presence data and bioclimatic variables were processed in ArcGIS software and used in the algorithm MaxEnt (maximum of entropy) to predict the species distribution. Findings showed that maximum temperature of warmest month and mean temperature of coldest quarter mostly affect the habitat suitability of A. africana. About 25.54% of Burkina Faso land surface was currently suitable for A. africana conservation. Under future climatic projections, all the climate models predict climate-driven habitat loss of the species with a southward range shift. Across the two emission scenarios, the spatial extent of suitable habitats was predicted to decline from 9.43 to 23.99% and from 12.29 to 25% by the horizons 2050 and 2070, respectively. Habitat loss and range shifts predicted in this study underline the high vulnerability of A. africana to future climate change. Reforestation actions and the protection of predicted suitable habitats are recommended to sustain the species conservation.}, }
@article {pmid35028448, year = {2022}, author = {Karatayev, M and Clarke, M and Salnikov, V and Bekseitova, R and Nizamova, M}, title = {Monitoring climate change, drought conditions and wheat production in Eurasia: the case study of Kazakhstan.}, journal = {Heliyon}, volume = {8}, number = {1}, pages = {e08660}, doi = {10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08660}, pmid = {35028448}, issn = {2405-8440}, abstract = {Wheat is an important global food security commodity. Kazakhstan is currently a producer and exporter of high-quality wheat to global markets. The most important wheat-growing regions, which lie in the northern part of Kazakhstan, are based on spring-sown rain-fed cultivation and are susceptible to climate change and drought. Using the monthly surface air temperature and precipitation data from 1950 to 2020 from 110 meteorological stations over Kazakhstan and in addition wheat cultivation data, the research aims to analyze climate change, drought occurrence, and wheat cultivation trends in Kazakhstan in recent 70 years and investigate relationships between wheat productivity and drought. The linear method and two drought indices (Standardized Precipitation Index and Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index) and in addition, Pearson's correlation coefficient have been used to characterise the climate change trends and vulnerability of agriculture in Kazakhstan to drought. The geographic information system (GIS) was applied to display climate change, drought, and wheat referenced information. The research has shown that the 70-year (1950-2020) linear rates of annual mean surface temperature in Kazakhstan have significantly increased (on average 0.31 °C per decade) with the precipitation trends are not obvious and fluctuated trends of drought. The wheat yield demonstrates strong internal variability and wheat yields were significantly correlated with 3-month June and July drought indices over the period of 1950-2020. The results underline the potential susceptibility of wheat yields in Kazakhstan to any future reductions in precipitation and increase in drought occurrence and intensity.}, }
@article {pmid35026932, year = {2000}, author = {Keyser, AR and Kimball, JS and Nemani, RR and Running, SW}, title = {Simulating the effects of climate change on the carbon balance of North American high-latitude forests.}, journal = {Global change biology}, volume = {6}, number = {S1}, pages = {185-195}, pmid = {35026932}, issn = {1365-2486}, abstract = {The large magnitude of predicted warming at high latitudes and the potential feedback of ecosystems to atmospheric CO2 concentrations make it important to quantify both warming and its effects on high-latitude carbon balance. We analysed long-term, daily surface meteorological records for 13 sites in Alaska and north-western Canada and an 82-y record of river ice breakup date for the Tanana River in interior Alaska. We found increases in winter and spring temperature extrema for all sites, with the greatest increases in spring minimum temperature, average 0.47 °C per 10 y, and a 0.7-day per 10 y advance in ice breakup on the Tanana River. We used the climate records to drive an ecosystem process model, BIOME_BGC, to simulate the effects of climate change on the carbon and water balances of boreal forest ecosystems. The growing season has lengthened by an average of 2.6 days per 10 y with an advance in average leaf onset date of 1.10 days per 10 y. This advance in the start of the active growing season correlates positively with progressively earlier ice breakup on the Tanana River in interior Alaska. The advance in the start of the growing season resulted in a 20% increase in net primary production for both aspen (Populus tremuloides) and white spruce (Picea glauca) stands. Aspen had a greater mean increase in maintenance respiration than spruce, whereas spruce had a greater mean increase in evapotranspiration. Average decomposition rates also increased for both species. Both net primary production and decomposition are enhanced in our simulations, suggesting that productive forest types may not experience a significant shift in net carbon flux as a result of climate warming.}, }
@article {pmid35026270, year = {2022}, author = {Wang, Y and Tao, F and Chen, Y and Yin, L}, title = {Interactive impacts of climate change and agricultural management on soil organic carbon sequestration potential of cropland in China over the coming decades.}, journal = {The Science of the total environment}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {153018}, doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153018}, pmid = {35026270}, issn = {1879-1026}, abstract = {Cropland plays an important role in Soil Organic Carbon (SOC) sequestration. Although the SOC stock and its dynamic in the past decades have been extensively investigated, the information as to where, how much, and how SOC could be potentially sequestered in the coming decades has rarely been available. Here, the Rothamsted Carbon model was applied to investigate the spatiotemporal pattern of SOC sequestration potential for China's cropland in 2021-2040 at 1 km resolution, as well as the interactive impacts of climate change and agricultural management on SOC sequestration. Under the combined impacts of climate change and C input, the SOC sequestration of China's cropland in 2021-2040 would be about 0.56 Mg C ha-1 (0.06% yr-1), 1.33 Mg C ha-1 (0.15% yr-1), 2.10 Mg C ha-1 (0.24% yr-1), and 3.65 Mg C ha-1 (0.41% yr-1), with no increase, 5%, 10%, and 20% increase of C input, respectively. Therefore, a >20% increase in C input would be necessary to realize the promise of the '4 per 1000' initiative. Climate change would decrease SOC sequestration by 26.6-27.6 Tg yr-1 (or 60.4-62.7%). An increase of C input by 0%, 5%, 10%, and 20% relative to business as usual (BAU) would increase SOC sequestration by 4.8 (or 10.8%), 6.6 (or 14.9%), 13.1 (or 29.8%), and 26.2 (or 59.6%) Tg yr-1, respectively. The contributions of temperature, precipitation, and C input to SOC sequestration will be averagely 18.6%, 22.4%, and 59.0%, respectively. Our findings quantify the SOC sequestration in 2021-2040 at a high spatial resolution under the interactive impacts of climate change and agricultural management, which help to identify potential foci and develop region-specific measures to increase SOC sequestration efficiently.}, }
@article {pmid35025640, year = {2022}, author = {Fricke, EC and Ordonez, A and Rogers, HS and Svenning, JC}, title = {The effects of defaunation on plants' capacity to track climate change.}, journal = {Science (New York, N.Y.)}, volume = {375}, number = {6577}, pages = {210-214}, doi = {10.1126/science.abk3510}, pmid = {35025640}, issn = {1095-9203}, abstract = {[Figure: see text].}, }
@article {pmid35025040, year = {2022}, author = {Sun, L and Fang, S and Iqbal, S and Bilal, AR}, title = {Financial stability role on climate risks, and climate change mitigation: Implications for green economic recovery.}, journal = {Environmental science and pollution research international}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1007/s11356-021-17439-w}, pmid = {35025040}, issn = {1614-7499}, abstract = {As a response to the topic of how financial stability might be used to effectively finance for the mitigation of climate change and climate risks, it is important to look at the carbon risk that is still present in G-5 nations. The goal of our research is to determine the impact of financial stability on climate risk in order to effectively manage climate mitigation efforts. A technique called GMM is used to achieve this goal. Climate change mitigation was found to be substantial at 18 percent, while financial stability and carbon hazards were found significant at 21 percent, according to the conclusions of the study. Furthermore, the G-5 countries' 19.5% correlation between financial stability and emissions drift, which raises climate change concerns, is noteworthy. In order to implement green economic recovery methods, one of the most strongly regarded approaches to mitigating climate change and ensuring long-term financial potential at the national scale, a country's financial stability is required. The research on green economic expansion also offers the associated stakeholders with detailed policy implications on this relevance.}, }
@article {pmid35020673, year = {2022}, author = {Haddock, R and de Latour, R and Siau, K and Hayee, B and Gayam, S}, title = {Climate Change and Gastroenterology: Planetary Primum Non Nocere and How Industry Must Help.}, journal = {The American journal of gastroenterology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.14309/ajg.0000000000001604}, pmid = {35020673}, issn = {1572-0241}, abstract = {Climate change is a global emergency. Increasing awareness has led to policy changes regarding global industry emissions. The healthcare industry carbon footprint is large and growing more and more. Gastroenterology, with its heavy reliance on industry, is a major contributor toward this growth. For a significant change toward reducing the field's carbon footprint, it would involve serious industry commitment. At present, there are no clear guidelines or regulations on controlling healthcare-related industry emissions and improving sustainability. This narrative review aims to provide practical suggestions at each step of the supply chain can lead to greater sustainability.}, }
@article {pmid35019053, year = {2022}, author = {Álvarez-Miño, L and Montoya, RT}, title = {Taxonomy for citizen actions on public health and climate change: a proposal.}, journal = {Revista de saude publica}, volume = {55}, number = {}, pages = {119}, doi = {10.11606/s1518-8787.2021055003823}, pmid = {35019053}, issn = {1518-8787}, abstract = {Facing complex issues such as climate change and its effects on public health require the participation of various actors. The research tool citizen science is one way for people to get involved. Through it, citizens collaborate with scientists to find solutions to problems in their territories. From a participatory work with citizens, we designed a taxonomy proposal, which can facilitate citizen and community action in suggesting research ideas. We expect stakeholders to use it to systematically classify and code initial questions and answers on public health and climate change issues. The development of this taxonomy integrates the global agenda of Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) in such a way that citizens not only help their communities but also, the direct fulfillment of SDGs such as Climate Action (SDG 13), indirectly impacting other SDGs - given their interdependent nature (SDG 3, SDG 5, SDG 6, SDG 7, SDG 11, SDG 12). The systematic classification and coding of citizens' contributions worldwide will contribute to the large-scale organized collection of information to be analyzed in proposing better responses to reduce the impacts of climate change on health.}, }
@article {pmid35018840, year = {2022}, author = {}, title = {Global Climate Change and News of Difference: Collective Action for Planetary Health and Family Health.}, journal = {Journal of family nursing}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {10748407211070079}, doi = {10.1177/10748407211070079}, pmid = {35018840}, issn = {1552-549X}, }
@article {pmid35018130, year = {2022}, author = {Chatterjee, R and Chatterjee, A and Islam, SH}, title = {Deep learning techniques for observing the impact of the global warming from satellite images of water-bodies.}, journal = {Multimedia tools and applications}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {1-16}, doi = {10.1007/s11042-021-11811-1}, pmid = {35018130}, issn = {1380-7501}, abstract = {Global warming is a threat to modern human civilization. There are different reasons for speed up the global average temperature. The consequences are catastrophic for human existence. Seafloor rise, drought, flood, wildfire, dry riverbed are some of the consequences. This paper analyzes the changes in boundaries of different water bodies such as fresh-water lakes and glacial lakes. Over time, the area covered by a water body has been varied due to human interventions or natural causes. Here, variants of Detectron2 instance segmentation architectures have been employed to detect a water-body and compute the changes in its area from the time-lapsed images captured over 32 years, that is, 1984 to 2016. The models are validated using water-bodies images taken by the Sentinel-2 Satellite and compared based on the average precision (AP), 99.95 and 94.51 at A P 50 and A P 75 metrics, respectively. In addition, an ensemble approach has also been introduced for the efficient identification of shrinkage or expansion of water bodies.}, }
@article {pmid35017586, year = {2022}, author = {Paudel Timilsena, B and Niassy, S and Kimathi, E and Abdel-Rahman, EM and Seidl-Adams, I and Wamalwa, M and Tonnang, HEZ and Ekesi, S and Hughes, DP and Rajotte, EG and Subramanian, S}, title = {Potential distribution of fall armyworm in Africa and beyond, considering climate change and irrigation patterns.}, journal = {Scientific reports}, volume = {12}, number = {1}, pages = {539}, pmid = {35017586}, issn = {2045-2322}, abstract = {The fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (FAW), first invaded Africa in 2016 and has since become established in many areas across the continent where it poses a serious threat to food and nutrition security. We re-parameterized the existing CLIMEX model to assess the FAW global invasion threat, emphasizing the risk of transient and permanent population establishment in Africa under current and projected future climates, considering irrigation patterns. FAW can establish itself in almost all countries in eastern and central Africa and a large part of western Africa under the current climate. Climatic barriers, such as heat and dry stresses, may limit the spread of FAW to North and South Africa. Future projections suggest that FAW invasive range will retract from both northern and southern regions towards the equator. However, a large area in eastern and central Africa is projected to have an optimal climate for FAW persistence. These areas will serve as FAW 'hotspots' from where it may migrate to the north and south during favorable seasons and then pose an economic threat. Our projections can be used to identify countries at risk for permanent and transient FAW-population establishment and inform timely integrated pest management interventions under present and future climate in Africa.}, }
@article {pmid35015248, year = {2022}, author = {Carmen, E and Fazey, I and Ross, H and Bedinger, M and Smith, FM and Prager, K and McClymont, K and Morrison, D}, title = {Building community resilience in a context of climate change: The role of social capital.}, journal = {Ambio}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, pmid = {35015248}, issn = {1654-7209}, support = {ES/J500136/1//Economic and Social Research Council/ ; }, abstract = {Social capital is considered important for resilience across social levels, including communities, yet insights are scattered across disciplines. This meta-synthesis of 187 studies examines conceptual and empirical understandings of how social capital relates to resilience, identifying implications for community resilience and climate change practice. Different conceptualisations are highlighted, yet also limited focus on underlying dimensions of social capital and proactive types of resilience for engaging with the complex climate change challenge. Empirical insights show that structural and socio-cultural aspects of social capital, multiple other factors and formal actors are all important for shaping the role of social capital for guiding resilience outcomes. Thus, finding ways to work with these different elements is important. Greater attention on how and why outcomes emerge, interactions between factors, approaches of formal actors and different socio-cultural dimensions will advance understandings about how to nurture social capital for resilience in the context of climate change.}, }
@article {pmid35013960, year = {2022}, author = {Bhardwaj, M and Kumar, P and Kumar, S and Dagar, V and Kumar, A}, title = {A district-level analysis for measuring the effects of climate change on production of agricultural crops, i.e., wheat and paddy: evidence from India.}, journal = {Environmental science and pollution research international}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, pmid = {35013960}, issn = {1614-7499}, abstract = {The present study aims to examine the impact of climate change on wheat and rice yield in Punjab, India, during 1981-2017. The study employs fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS), dynamic ordinary least squares (DOLS), and pooled mean group (PMG) approaches. The Pedroni cointegration has established a long-run relationship of climate variables with rice and wheat crops. FMOLS and DOLS models show that minimum temperature has a positive effect on both wheat and rice. In contrast, the maximum temperature is found to be negatively contributing to both crops. Rainfall has a significant adverse impact on the production of wheat. In the study period, seasonal rainfall has been found detrimental for the production of wheat and rice crops, indicating that excess rainfall proved counterproductive. Moreover, the Dumitrescu-Hurlin causality test has revealed a unidirectional causality running from minimum temperature, rainfall, and maximum temperature for rice and wheat production. The findings of the study suggest that the government should invest in developing stress-tolerant varieties of wheat and rice, managing crop residuals to curb other environmental effects, and sustaining natural resources for ensuring food security.}, }
@article {pmid35013464, year = {2022}, author = {Kaufman, J and Vicedo-Cabrera, AM and Tam, V and Song, L and Coffel, E and Tasian, G}, title = {The impact of heat on kidney stone presentations in South Carolina under two climate change scenarios.}, journal = {Scientific reports}, volume = {12}, number = {1}, pages = {369}, pmid = {35013464}, issn = {2045-2322}, support = {K23DK106428/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States ; }, abstract = {The risk of kidney stone presentations increases after hot days, likely due to greater insensible water losses resulting in more concentrated urine and altered urinary flow. It is thus expected that higher temperatures from climate change will increase the global prevalence of kidney stones if no adaptation measures are put in place. This study aims to quantify the impact of heat on kidney stone presentations through 2089, using South Carolina as a model state. We used a time series analysis of historical kidney stone presentations (1997-2014) and distributed lag non-linear models to estimate the temperature dependence of kidney stone presentations, and then quantified the projected impact of climate change on future heat-related kidney stone presentations using daily projections of wet-bulb temperatures to 2089, assuming no adaptation or demographic changes. Two climate change models were considered-one assuming aggressive reduction in greenhouse gas emissions (RCP 4.5) and one representing uninibited greenhouse gas emissions (RCP 8.5). The estimated total statewide kidney stone presentations attributable to heat are projected to increase by 2.2% in RCP 4.5 and 3.9% in RCP 8.5 by 2085-89 (vs. 2010-2014), with an associated total excess cost of ~ $57 million and ~ $99 million, respectively.}, }
@article {pmid35012989, year = {2022}, author = {Van Doren, BM}, title = {How migratory birds might have tracked past climate change.}, journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America}, volume = {119}, number = {3}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1073/pnas.2121738119}, pmid = {35012989}, issn = {1091-6490}, }
@article {pmid35010857, year = {2022}, author = {Leal Filho, W and Nagy, GJ and Martinho, F and Saroar, M and Erache, MG and Primo, AL and Pardal, MA and Li, C}, title = {Influences of Climate Change and Variability on Estuarine Ecosystems: An Impact Study in Selected European, South American and Asian Countries.}, journal = {International journal of environmental research and public health}, volume = {19}, number = {1}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3390/ijerph19010585}, pmid = {35010857}, issn = {1660-4601}, abstract = {It is well-known that climate change significantly impacts ecosystems (at the macro-level) and individual species (at the micro-level). Among the former, estuaries are the most vulnerable and affected ecosystems. However, despite the strong relations between climate change and estuaries, there is a gap in the literature regarding international studies across different regions investigating the impacts of climate change and variability on estuaries in different geographical zones. This paper addresses this need and reviews the impacts of climate change, variability and extreme weather on estuaries. It emphasises the following: (i) a set of climate parameters governing estuarine hydrology and processes; and (ii) a sample of countries in Asia (Bangladesh), Europe (Portugal) and South America (Uruguay). We reviewed the influences of the climatic drivers of the estuarine hydrology, ecological processes and specific species in estuarine communities across the selected geographical regions, along with an analysis of their long-term implications. The key results from the three estuaries are as following: (i) Hilsa fish, of which the catches contribute to 10% of the total earnings of the fishery sector (1% of GDP), are affected by climate-forced hydrological and productivity changes in the Meghna; (ii) extreme droughts and short-term severe precipitation have driven the long-term abundance and spatial distribution of both fish larvae and juveniles/adults in the Mondego; and (iii) the river inflow and fluctuations increases since the early 1970s have contributed to variations in the salinity, the stratification, the oxygen, nutrient and trophic levels and the spatial pattern for the life stages of planktonic species, fish biomass and captures in the Rio de la Plata. The results suggested that immediate action is needed to reduce the vulnerability of estuaries to climate stressors, mainly the changing river flows, storms and sea-level rise. As a contribution to addressing current problems, we described a set of adaptation strategies to foster climate resilience and adaptive capacity (e.g., early-warning systems, dam management to prevent overflows and adaptive fisheries management). The implications of this paper are two-fold. Firstly, it showcases a variety of problems that estuaries face from changing climate conditions. Secondly, the paper outlines the need for suitable adaptive management strategies to safeguard the integrity of such vital ecosystems.}, }
@article {pmid35010816, year = {2022}, author = {Shen, J and Duan, W and Wang, Y and Zhang, Y}, title = {Household Livelihood Vulnerability to Climate Change in West China.}, journal = {International journal of environmental research and public health}, volume = {19}, number = {1}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3390/ijerph19010551}, pmid = {35010816}, issn = {1660-4601}, support = {71761147003//National Natural Science Foundation of China-Major International (Regional) Joint Research Project/ ; 71903058//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; }, abstract = {Climate change disproportionately affects natural resource-dependent communities in the ecologically vulnerable regions of western China. This study used the household livelihood vulnerability index under the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (HLV-IPCC) to assess vulnerability. Data were collected from 823 households in Ningxia, Gansu, Guangxi, and Yunnan provinces, these being ecologically vulnerable regions in China. With a composite HLVI-IPCC and multiple regression model, the factors that affect households' adaptive capability to HLVI-IPCC was estimated. Results indicate that Ningxia is the most vulnerable community, while Guangxi is the least vulnerable community across all indices. Moreover, Gansu has the heaviest sensitivity and exposure to climate change, whereas Ningxia has the highest adaptive capability to climate change. In addition, the age of household head and distance of the home to the town center had significant negative impacts on households' adaptive capacity to HLVI-IPCC. The results also suggest that the HLVI assessment can provide an effective tool for local authorities to formulate prioritizing strategies with promoting climate-resilient development and increasing long-term adaptive capacity.}, }
@article {pmid35010724, year = {2022}, author = {Shimada, G}, title = {The Impact of Climate-Change-Related Disasters on Africa's Economic Growth, Agriculture, and Conflicts: Can Humanitarian Aid and Food Assistance Offset the Damage?.}, journal = {International journal of environmental research and public health}, volume = {19}, number = {1}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3390/ijerph19010467}, pmid = {35010724}, issn = {1660-4601}, support = {18H03606//Japan Society for the Promotion of Science/ ; }, abstract = {This study analyzed the impact of climate-related natural disasters (droughts, floods, storms/rainstorms) on economic and social variables. As the Africa-specific empirical literature is limited, this study used panel data from 1961-2011 on Africa. The study used a panel data regression model analysis. The results showed that climate change-related natural disasters affected Africa's economic growth, agriculture, and poverty and caused armed conflicts. Among the disasters, droughts are the main cause of negative impact, severely affecting crops such as maize and coffee and resulting in increased urban poverty and armed conflicts. In contrast, international aid has a positive effect but the impact is insignificant compared to the negative consequences of climate-related natural disasters. Cereal food assistance has a negative crowding-out effect on cereal production. International donors should review their interventions to support Africa's adaptative capacity to disasters. Government efficiency has reduced the number of deaths, and this is an area that supports Africa's adaptative efforts.}, }
@article {pmid35010293, year = {2021}, author = {Adepoju, OE and Han, D and Chae, M and Smith, KL and Gilbert, L and Choudhury, S and Woodard, L}, title = {Health Disparities and Climate Change: The Intersection of Three Disaster Events on Vulnerable Communities in Houston, Texas.}, journal = {International journal of environmental research and public health}, volume = {19}, number = {1}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3390/ijerph19010035}, pmid = {35010293}, issn = {1660-4601}, support = {62322251//Walmart (United States)/ ; }, abstract = {Although evidence suggests that successive climate disasters are on the rise, few studies have documented the disproportionate impacts on communities of color. Through the unique lens of successive disaster events (Hurricane Harvey and Winter Storm Uri) coupled with the COVID-19 pandemic, we assessed disaster exposure in minority communities in Harris County, Texas. A mixed methods approach employing qualitative and quantitative designs was used to examine the relationships between successive disasters (and the role of climate change), population geography, race, and health disparities-related outcomes. This study identified four communities in the greater Houston area with predominantly non-Hispanic African American residents. We used data chronicling the local community and environment to build base maps and conducted spatial analyses using Geographic Information System (GIS) mapping. We complemented these data with focus groups to assess participants' experiences in disaster planning and recovery, as well as community resilience. Thematic analysis was used to identify key patterns. Across all four communities, we observed significant Hurricane Harvey flooding and significantly greater exposure to 10 of the 11 COVID-19 risk factors examined, compared to the rest of the county. Spatial analyses reveal higher disease burden, greater social vulnerability, and significantly higher community-level risk factors for both pandemics and disaster events in the four communities, compared to all other communities in Harris County. Two themes emerged from thematic data analysis: (1) Prior disaster exposure prepared minority populations in Harris County to better handle subsequent disaster suggesting enhanced disaster resilience, and (2) social connectedness was key to disaster resiliency. Long-standing disparities make people of color at greater risk for social vulnerability. Addressing climate change offers the potential to alleviate these health disparities.}, }
@article {pmid35010275, year = {2021}, author = {Kim, W and Che, C and Jeong, C}, title = {Hotel Guests' Psychological Distance of Climate Change and Environment-Friendly Behavior Intention.}, journal = {International journal of environmental research and public health}, volume = {19}, number = {1}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3390/ijerph19010016}, pmid = {35010275}, issn = {1660-4601}, abstract = {Climate change is certainly a global problem that negatively affects all nations, and thus all humans, on the globe. Nevertheless, little is known about people's perceptions of climate change and its effects on people's attitudinal and behavioral responses to climate change. The present study successfully addressed how hotel guests' environment-friendly behavior intention is formed through their self-perception as a member of the global community and their psychological distance of climate change. An online survey was used to collect quantitative data from hotel guests to verify the hypotheses. Our test results supported all the hypotheses in our conceptual model. Consequently, the findings of this study satisfactorily explained how hotel guests form their intention to engage in environment-friendly behaviors while they are staying at hotels.}, }
@article {pmid35010126, year = {2022}, author = {Verma, KK and Song, XP and Joshi, A and Tian, DD and Rajput, VD and Singh, M and Arora, J and Minkina, T and Li, YR}, title = {Recent Trends in Nano-Fertilizers for Sustainable Agriculture under Climate Change for Global Food Security.}, journal = {Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland)}, volume = {12}, number = {1}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3390/nano12010173}, pmid = {35010126}, issn = {2079-4991}, support = {nycytxgxcxtd-2021-03//Guangxi Innovation Teams of Modern Agriculture Technology/ ; 31901594//Youth Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 31760415//The National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 2021GXNSFAA220022//Guangxi Natural Science Foundation/ ; 2021YT011//Fund of Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/ ; }, abstract = {Nano-fertilizers (NFs) significantly improve soil quality and plant growth performance and enhance crop production with quality fruits/grains. The management of macro-micronutrients is a big task globally, as it relies predominantly on synthetic chemical fertilizers which may not be environmentally friendly for human beings and may be expensive for farmers. NFs may enhance nutrient uptake and plant production by regulating the availability of fertilizers in the rhizosphere; extend stress resistance by improving nutritional capacity; and increase plant defense mechanisms. They may also substitute for synthetic fertilizers for sustainable agriculture, being found more suitable for stimulation of plant development. They are associated with mitigating environmental stresses and enhancing tolerance abilities under adverse atmospheric eco-variables. Recent trends in NFs explored relevant agri-technology to fill the gaps and assure long-term beneficial agriculture strategies to safeguard food security globally. Accordingly, nanoparticles are emerging as a cutting-edge agri-technology for agri-improvement in the near future. Interestingly, they do confer stress resistance capabilities to crop plants. The effective and appropriate mechanisms are revealed in this article to update researchers widely.}, }
@article {pmid35009124, year = {2021}, author = {Yao, L and Wang, D and Wang, D and Li, S and Chen, Y and Guo, Y}, title = {Phenotypic Plasticity and Local Adaptation of Leaf Cuticular Waxes Favor Perennial Alpine Herbs under Climate Change.}, journal = {Plants (Basel, Switzerland)}, volume = {11}, number = {1}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3390/plants11010120}, pmid = {35009124}, issn = {2223-7747}, support = {31672487//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 31771694//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; }, abstract = {Six perennial herbs (Plantago asiatica, Polygonum viviparum, Anaphalis lactea, Kobresia humilis, Leontopodium nanum and Potentilla chinensis) widely distributed in alpine meadows were reciprocally transplanted at two sites in eastern edge of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, Hongyuan (3434 m, 2.97 °C, 911 mm) and Qilian (3701 m, 2.52 °C, 472 mm), aiming to evaluate the responses of alpine plants to changing environments. When plants were transplanted from Hongyuan to Qilian, most plant species showed a decrease of total wax coverage in first year and reverse trend was observed for some plant species in second year. However, when plants were transplanted from Qilian to Hongyuan, the response of total wax coverage differed greatly between plant species. When compared with those in first year, plasticity index of average chain length of alkane decreased whereas carbon preference index of alkane increased at both Hongyuan and Qilian in second year. The total wax coverage differed between local and transplanted plants, suggesting both environmental and genetic factors controlled the wax depositions. Structural equation modeling indicated that co-variations existed between leaf cuticular waxes and leaf functional traits. These results suggest that alpine herbs adjust both wax depositions and chain length distributions to adapt to changing environment, showing climate adaptations.}, }
@article {pmid35009073, year = {2021}, author = {Nunes, LJR and Meireles, CIR and Gomes, CJP and Ribeiro, NMCA}, title = {The Impact of Climate Change on Forest Development: A Sustainable Approach to Management Models Applied to Mediterranean-Type Climate Regions.}, journal = {Plants (Basel, Switzerland)}, volume = {11}, number = {1}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3390/plants11010069}, pmid = {35009073}, issn = {2223-7747}, support = {UIDP/05975/2020//FCT - Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia/ ; }, abstract = {Forest ecosystems are divided into three major groups: boreal, temperate, and tropical. These can be subdivided according to the particularities of each type due to its relative location (littoral, mountain, etc.), climatic conditions, or even geological substrate. Climate change affects each type of forest ecosystem differently. However, it seems to affect temperate forests in Mediterranean-type climate regions more intensely. These regions are located over several continents, with major impacts of increased temperature during summer and decreased precipitation during winter. This situation affects Mediterranean forest ecosystems by increasing the risk of fires, which arise more frequently and are more severe. In addition, the emergence of pests and the spread of invasive species are well-known problems affecting these ecosystems. All of these conditions contribute to losses of productivity and biodiversity. To avoid the destruction of forest resources, and since Mediterranean-type climate regions are considered climate change hot spots with increased vulnerability to disturbances, the implementation of adaptive forest management models could contribute to increasing the resilience of such forests, which could also contribute to mitigating climate change.}, }
@article {pmid35007947, year = {2022}, author = {Galway, LP and Esquega, E and Jones-Casey, K}, title = {"Land is everything, land is us": Exploring the connections between climate change, land, and health in Fort William First Nation.}, journal = {Social science &amp; medicine (1982)}, volume = {294}, number = {}, pages = {114700}, doi = {10.1016/j.socscimed.2022.114700}, pmid = {35007947}, issn = {1873-5347}, abstract = {The myriad and cumulative impacts of climate change on land, communities, and health are increasingly evident worldwide. Throughout 2019 and 2020, Fort William First Nation and researchers at Lakehead University conducted a project to document and understand connections among climate change, land, and health from the perspective of Elders, knowledge keepers, and community members with close ties to the land. Fort William First Nation is an Anishinaabe community located on the shores of Lake Superior/Kitchigami in Northern Ontario and within Robinson-Superior Treaty territory. This paper describes the analysis of interviews with 22 community members. Two-Eyed Seeing, an approach that centers the working together of Indigenous and non-Indigenous knowledges and peoples and demands respectful relationship building, guided our project and analysis. Our analysis identified five themes: 1) observations and experiences of changes on the land, 2) lack of care and respect for Mother Earth as the root cause of climate change, 3) healthy land, healthy people, 4) youth and future generations, and 5) (re-)connecting with land and culture. 'All our Relations' is a thread woven across these themes emphasizing that climate change is understood and experienced through relationships and relationality. As concluding thoughts and reflections, we share three specific offerings of particular relevance to those engaging in climate change and health research and action with Indigenous peoples and communities. First, this research has highlighted the importance of explicitly centering land when exploring the links between climate change and health. Second, we reflect on the value of both the Two-Eyed Seeing approach and the Medicine Wheel in guiding climate change and health research. Third, we argue for an explicit focus on relationships and relationality in efforts aimed at understanding and addressing climate change.}, }
@article {pmid35007587, year = {2022}, author = {Li, Y and Hou, R and Liu, X and Chen, Y and Tao, F}, title = {Changes in wheat traits under future climate change and their contributions to yield changes in conventional vs. conservational tillage systems.}, journal = {The Science of the total environment}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {152947}, doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.152947}, pmid = {35007587}, issn = {1879-1026}, abstract = {Exploring the changes in wheat traits under future climate change and their contributions to yield changes is essential to improve the understanding of climate impact mechanisms and develop climate-resilient cultivars, which however has been seldom conducted. In this study, using a process-based crop model (APSIM-Wheat), meta-regression analyses, and machine learning approaches, we assessed the impacts of different warming levels on soil environments and wheat traits; investigated the impacts of future climate change on wheat traits, growth and development; and identified the favorable wheat traits for breeding under future climate change conditions. Meta-analyses showed that climate warming could significantly advance anthesis date by 3.50% and shorten the entire growth duration by 1.18%, although the duration from anthesis to maturity could be elongated by 7.72%. It could also increase grain yield slightly by 2.72% in the North China Plain, mainly due to the increase in biomass by 6.66%, grain weight by 3.86% and the elongating grain-filling period. However, high temperatures could significantly reduce aboveground biomass. The APSIM-Wheat model was validated based on three years' high-quality environment-controlled experimental data in the long-term warming and conservation tillage fields at Yucheng comprehensive experiment station in the North China Plain. The results showed that the mean yield would decrease under RCP4.5 for both tillage managements (CT: 0.55%, NT: 6.88%), but increase CT yield (7.7%) under RCP8.5, relative to 1980-2010, owing to the interactive impacts of climate, CO2 and tillage on wheat traits. Soil moisture would play a more important role in biomass, yield, height, LAI, and grain number for conventional tillage than for no-tillage system, and in the future than in the historical period. Our findings gained insights into the impacts of climate change on wheat traits and yield under different tillage managements, which are essential to understand climate change impact mechanisms and develop climate-resilient cultivars.}, }
@article {pmid35005276, year = {2021}, author = {Ogunleye, A and Kehinde, A and Mishra, A and Ogundeji, A}, title = {Impacts of farmers' participation in social capital networks on climate change adaptation strategies adoption in Nigeria.}, journal = {Heliyon}, volume = {7}, number = {12}, pages = {e08624}, doi = {10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08624}, pmid = {35005276}, issn = {2405-8440}, abstract = {Most studies on climate change adaptation strategies adoption have focused on economic factors with little or no attention to the impact of collective actions and social capital networks. This paper investigates how farmers' participation in social capital networks influenced climate change adaptation strategies adoption in Nigeria. This study was carried out in the South-western Nigeria. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, binary probit regression, multinomial logit regression, endogenous switching regression and multinomial endogenous switching regression models. The results suggest that significant differences exist in the years of membership in the social capital networks, access to weather information and market between farm managers who adopted climate change adaptation strategies and those who did not. Plot managers who adopted climate change adaptation strategies are found to have obtained much mean yield and farm revenue than their counterparts. The results further show that participation in the social capital networks does not only significantly influence plot manager's decision to adopt but also influences the choice of climate change adaptation strategies adopted by farmers. The study concludes that a farmer who chooses to participate in social capital networks has a higher level of adopting climate change adaptation strategies than what a random farmer would have had in Nigeria. We recommend that policies aimed at increasing the adoption of climate change adaptation strategies among farmers should be channelled through locally organised farmers-based social capital networks.}, }
@article {pmid35003694, year = {2021}, author = {Lemoine, NP}, title = {Phenology dictates the impact of climate change on geographic distributions of six co-occurring North American grasshoppers.}, journal = {Ecology and evolution}, volume = {11}, number = {24}, pages = {18575-18590}, doi = {10.1002/ece3.8463}, pmid = {35003694}, issn = {2045-7758}, abstract = {Throughout the last century, climate change has altered the geographic distributions of many species. Insects, in particular, vary in their ability to track changing climates, and it is likely that phenology is an important determinant of how well insects can either expand or shift their geographic distributions in response to climate change. Grasshoppers are an ideal group to test the hypothesis that phenology correlates with range expansion, given that co-occurring confamilial, and even congeneric, species can differ in phenology. Here, I tested the hypothesis that early- and late-season species should possess different range expansion potentials, as estimated by habitat suitability from ecological niche models. I used nine different modeling techniques to estimate habitat suitability of six grasshopper species of varying phenology under two climate scenarios for the year 2050. My results suggest that, of the six species examined here, early-season species were more sensitive to climate change than late-season species. The three early-season species examined here might shift northward during the spring, while the modeled geographic distributions of the three late-season species were generally constant under climate change, likely because they were pre-adapted to hot and dry conditions. Phenology might therefore be a good predictor of how insect distributions might change in the future, but this hypothesis remains to be tested at a broader scale.}, }
@article {pmid35003678, year = {2021}, author = {Huang, J}, title = {Effects of climate change on different geographical populations of the cotton bollworm Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae).}, journal = {Ecology and evolution}, volume = {11}, number = {24}, pages = {18357-18368}, doi = {10.1002/ece3.8426}, pmid = {35003678}, issn = {2045-7758}, abstract = {The effects of climate change on pest phenology and population size are highly variable. Understanding the impacts of localized climate change on pest distribution and phenology is helpful for improving integrated pest management strategies. Here, the population dynamics of cotton bollworms (Helicoverpa armigera) from Maigaiti County, south Xinjiang, and Shawan County, north Xinjiang, China, were analyzed using a 29-year dataset at lower latitudes and a 23-year dataset at higher latitudes to determine the effects of climate change on the population dynamics of H. armigera. The results showed that all generations of H. armigera at both sites showed increasing trends in population size with climate warming. Abrupt changes in phenology and population number occurred after abrupt temperature changes. Climate change had a greater effect on the phenology of H. armigera at higher latitudes than at lower latitudes and led to a greater increase in population size at lower latitudes than at higher latitudes; the temperature increase at higher latitudes will cause a greater increase in the adult moth population size in the future compared to that at lower latitudes; and abrupt changes in the phenology, temperature increase, and population size at lower latitudes occurred earlier than those at higher latitudes. Thus, it is necessary to develop sustainable management strategies for Helicoverpa armigera at an early stage.}, }
@article {pmid35003667, year = {2021}, author = {Amarasinghe, P and Barve, N and Kathriarachchi, H and Loiselle, B and Cellinese, N}, title = {Niche dynamics of Memecylon in Sri Lanka: Distribution patterns, climate change effects, and conservation priorities.}, journal = {Ecology and evolution}, volume = {11}, number = {24}, pages = {18196-18215}, doi = {10.1002/ece3.8415}, pmid = {35003667}, issn = {2045-7758}, abstract = {Recent climate projections have shown that the distribution of organisms in island biotas is highly affected by climate change. Here, we present the result of the analysis of niche dynamics of a plant group, Memecylon, in Sri Lanka, an island, using species occurrences and climate data. We aim to determine which climate variables explain current distribution, model how climate change impacts the availability of suitable habitat for Memecylon, and determine conservation priority areas for Sri Lankan Memecylon. We used georeferenced occurrence data of Sri Lankan Memecylon to develop ecological niche models and assess both current and future potential distributions under six climate change scenarios in 2041-2060 and 2061-2080. We also overlaid land cover and protected area maps and performed a gap analysis to understand the impacts of land-cover changes on Memecylon distributions and propose new areas for conservation. Differences among suitable habitats of Memecylon were found to be related to patterns of endemism. Under varying future climate scenarios, endemic groups were predicted to experience habitat shifts, gains, or losses. The narrow endemic Memecylon restricted to the montane zone were predicted to be the most impacted by climate change. Projections also indicated that changes in species' habitats can be expected as early as 2041-2060. Gap analysis showed that while narrow endemic categories are considerably protected as demonstrated by their overlap with protected areas, more conservation efforts in Sri Lankan forests containing wide endemic and nonendemic Memecylon are needed. This research helped clarify general patterns of responses of Sri Lankan Memecylon to global climate change. Data from this study are useful for designing measures aimed at filling the gaps in forest conservation on this island.}, }
@article {pmid35002262, year = {2021}, author = {Hauser, N and Conlon, KC and Desai, A and Kobziar, LN}, title = {Climate Change and Infections on the Move in North America.}, journal = {Infection and drug resistance}, volume = {14}, number = {}, pages = {5711-5723}, doi = {10.2147/IDR.S305077}, pmid = {35002262}, issn = {1178-6973}, abstract = {Climate change is increasingly recognized for its impacts on human health, including how biotic and abiotic factors are driving shifts in infectious disease. Changes in ecological conditions and processes due to temperature and precipitation fluctuations and intensified disturbance regimes are affecting infectious pathogen transmission, habitat, hosts, and the characteristics of pathogens themselves. Understanding the relationships between climate change and infectious diseases can help clinicians broaden the scope of differential diagnoses when interviewing, diagnosing, and treating patients presenting with infections lacking obvious agents or transmission pathways. Here, we highlight key examples of how the mechanisms of climate change affect infectious diseases associated with water, fire, land, insects, and human transmission pathways in the hope of expanding the analytical framework for infectious disease diagnoses. Increased awareness of these relationships can help prepare both clinical physicians and epidemiologists for continued impacts of climate change on infectious disease in the future.}, }
@article {pmid34999232, year = {2022}, author = {Roos, EJ}, title = {Call for Leadership: climate change and the future health of girls.}, journal = {Journal of pediatric and adolescent gynecology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.jpag.2021.12.015}, pmid = {34999232}, issn = {1873-4332}, }
@article {pmid34998456, year = {2022}, author = {Adyel, TM and Macreadie, PI}, title = {Plastics in blue carbon ecosystems: a call for global cooperation on climate change goals.}, journal = {The Lancet. Planetary health}, volume = {6}, number = {1}, pages = {e2-e3}, doi = {10.1016/S2542-5196(21)00327-2}, pmid = {34998456}, issn = {2542-5196}, }
@article {pmid34997302, year = {2022}, author = {Shabani, Y and Pauline, NM}, title = {Perceived Effective Adaptation Strategies against Climate Change Impacts: Perspectives of Maize Growers in the Southern Highlands of Tanzania.}, journal = {Environmental management}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, pmid = {34997302}, issn = {1432-1009}, abstract = {The world has been experiencing a tremendous increase in the average of warmth and shifts in rainfall quantity, seasonality, and occurrence of prolonged droughts, increased temperatures and intense precipitation. This study assessed effective adaptation strategies used by maize growers in cushioning climate change impacts in Iringa district. Both qualitative and quantitative data were collected. Qualitative data were collected through focus group discussions, key informant interviews and participant observations, while quantitative data were collected using household questionnaire. Both qualitative and quantitative data were collected covering a wide range of climate change impacts and response strategies. We found that maize production has decreased during the past two decades, since the year 2000 (i.e., from the average of 10-15 to 2-5 maize sacks per acre). It was affirmed that increased yield outputs and incomes are among the key determinants for the effectiveness of a response strategy. Findings indicate that some response strategies indicated a significant increase in maize crop yield. Such responses include using improved maize variety (P = 0.000 (P < 0.05), drought-tolerant crop (P = 0.014 (P < 0.05), changing planting dates (P = 0.001 (P < 0.05) and crop rotation (P = 0.000 (P < 0.05). Barriers such as access to capital, poor farming technologies, absence of improved maize agencies or shops, poor access to weather information and high prices for farm inputs to adopting effective adaptation strategies were uncovered. Moreover, most adaptation strategies were found to significantly increase crop production to most of the household farmers, thus leading to high mazie production. Thus, maize growers need support to enhance their locally-led adaptation options to climatic impacts.}, }
@article {pmid34996025, year = {2022}, author = {Faverdin, P and Guyomard, H and Puillet, L and Forslund, A}, title = {Animal board invited review: Specialising and intensifying cattle production for better efficiency and less global warming: contrasting results for milk and meat co-production at different scales.}, journal = {Animal : an international journal of animal bioscience}, volume = {16}, number = {1}, pages = {100431}, doi = {10.1016/j.animal.2021.100431}, pmid = {34996025}, issn = {1751-732X}, abstract = {Cattle are the world's largest consumers of plant biomass. Digestion of this biomass by ruminants generates high methane emissions that affect global warming. In the last decades, the specialisation of cattle breeds and livestock systems towards either milk or meat has increased the milk production of dairy cows and the carcass weight of slaughtered cattle. At the animal level and farm level, improved animal performance decreases feed use and greenhouse gas emissions per kg of milk or carcass weight, mainly through a dilution of maintenance requirements per unit of product. However, increasing milk production per dairy cow reduces meat production from the dairy sector, as there are fewer dairy cows. More beef cows are then required if one wants to maintain the same meat production level at country scale. Meat produced from the dairy herd has a better feed efficiency (less feed required per kg of carcass weight) and emits less methane than the meat produced by the cow-calf systems, because the intake of lactating cows is largely for milk production and marginally for meat, whereas the intake of beef cows is entirely for meat. Consequently, the benefits of breed specialisation assessed at the animal level and farm level may not hold when milk and meat productions are considered together. Any change in the milk-to-meat production ratio at the country level affects the numbers of beef cows required to produce meat. At the world scale, a broad diversity in feed efficiencies of cattle products is observed. Where both productions of milk per dairy cow and meat per head of cattle are low, the relationship between milk and meat efficiencies is positive. Improved management practices (feed, reproduction, health) increase the feed efficiency of both products. Where milk and meat productivities are high, a trade-off between feed efficiencies of milk and meat can be observed in relation to the share of meat produced in either the dairy sector or the beef sector. As a result, in developing countries, increasing productivities of both dairy and beef cattle herds will increase milk and meat efficiencies, reduce land use and decrease methane emissions. In other regions of the world, increasing meat production from young animals produced by dairy cows is probably a better option to reduce feed use for an unchanged milk-to-meat production ratio.}, }
@article {pmid34995939, year = {2022}, author = {Yang, P and Zhang, S and Xia, J and Chen, Y and Zhang, Y and Cai, W and Wang, W and Wang, H and Luo, X and Chen, X}, title = {Risk assessment of water resource shortages in the Aksu River basin of northwest China under climate change.}, journal = {Journal of environmental management}, volume = {305}, number = {}, pages = {114394}, doi = {10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.114394}, pmid = {34995939}, issn = {1095-8630}, abstract = {As most of the runoff resulting from snow-ice melt is related to climate change factors in the arid region of northwest China, the risk to water resource systems threatens the socio-economic and ecological environment and is becoming increasingly prevalent. Therefore, we explored the risks of water resource shortages for different periods (2010, 2020, and 2030) in the Aksu River basin (ARB) in the northwest arid region of China by reconstructing a risk model based on the framework proposed by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) with an improved vulnerability (V) module and a more suitable hazard probability in the cost module. The major conclusions are as follows: (1) the simulation of the Community Land Model-Distributed Time Variant Gain Model (CLM-DTVGM) and the Vegetation Interface Processes model (VIP) was suitable for the eco-hydrological processes in the ARB under climate change (i.e., R2 ≥ 0.583; Nash coefficient ≥0.371; and relative mean standard ≤155.727 for CLM-DTVGM; R2 = 0.798 for VIP); (2) the vulnerability of the water resource system in the ARB was medium in 2010, and dropped to a medium-low to non-vulnerable level in 2020 before increasing in 2030 under different Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) (RCP2.6, RCP4.5, and RCP8.5); and (3) there was a medium-low risk of water resource shortages in the ARB in 2010 (i.e., 0.246), and although the risk of water resource shortages decreased in 2020 due to the increasing water supply from mountainous areas, the risk predicted to increase significantly in 2030, to a medium-high risk level. This study is critical for accurately predicting and understanding the impact of climate change on water resource systems as well as on the drought risk in arid regions.}, }
@article {pmid34993827, year = {2022}, author = {Hussain, Z}, title = {Environmental and Economic-oriented Transport Efficiency: The Role of Climate Change Mitigation Technology.}, journal = {Environmental science and pollution research international}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, pmid = {34993827}, issn = {1614-7499}, abstract = {Transport sector is a vital aspect of economic and environment. However, it drastically contributes desirable and undesirable outputs to the economy and the environment due to its rapid development. Thus, transport efficiency related to the economy and the environment needs to be measured. Unlike existing studies that investigate environmental and economic impacts separately, this study analyzes the joint effect of economic and environmental factors. Furthermore, the role of transport-related climate change mitigation technology is also investigated using five inputs and three outputs for the period 2000 to 2020 for 35 OECD countries. This study employs two approaches: first, data envelopment analysis based on slack-based measure (DEA-SBM), and second, an advanced econometric method, i.e., cross-sectional dependence autoregressive distributed lag (CS-ARDL). DEA-SBM shows that all countries are efficient-related economic and environmental effects through the transport sector. CS-ARDL shows that transport-related climate change mitigation technology has a remarkable impact on efficiency levels. Moreover, the joint effect of environmental research and development and climate change mitigation technologies adversely impacts transport efficiency. Climate change mitigation technology related to air has a higher impact than railway and road on economic and environmental transport efficiency. Findings suggest that countries should focus on policy implications regarding transport inputs and desirable and undesirable outputs.}, }
@article {pmid34993782, year = {2022}, author = {Sarfraz, M and Mohsin, M and Naseem, S}, title = {A blessing in disguise: new insights on the effect of COVID-19 on the carbon emission, climate change, and sustainable environment.}, journal = {Environmental science and pollution research international}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, pmid = {34993782}, issn = {1614-7499}, abstract = {COVID-19, declared by the World Health Organization (WHO) to be a pandemic, has affected greenhouse gas emissions and contributed to the uncertainty of environmental activities. This study demonstrates the effect of lockdowns, the number of new confirmed cases, and the number of newly confirmed deaths due to COVID-19 on CO2 emissions. The data series used are for the UK from 23 March 2020 to 31 December 2020 and for Spain from 14 March 2020 to 31 December 2020. This research adopted the Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) test for a stationarity check of the data series, the Johansen cointegration test for determining cointegration among variables, and the vector error correction model (VEC) Granger causality test for directional cause and effect between exogenous and endogenous variables. The VEC model shows a bidirectional relationship between CO2 emissions and lockdown and a unidirectional relationship with newly confirmed cases and deaths for the UK. The results of Spain confirmed the unidirectional relationship of CO2 emissions, lockdown, new confirmed cases, and deaths. The Granger causality test reconfirms the relationship of variables except for newly confirmed deaths for the UK and newly confirmed cases for Spain. Conclusively, the pandemic breakout reduced the emission of CO2. The directional relation of variables supported the short-run relationship of CO2 emissions with newly confirmed cases and deaths, while a long- and short-run relationship was shown with lockdown. The directional and relational behavior of lockdown potentially linked the CO2 emissions with daily life activities.}, }
@article {pmid34993591, year = {2022}, author = {Jakučionytė-Skodienė, M and Liobikienė, G}, title = {The Changes in Climate Change Concern, Responsibility Assumption and Impact on Climate-friendly Behaviour in EU from the Paris Agreement Until 2019.}, journal = {Environmental management}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1007/s00267-021-01574-8}, pmid = {34993591}, issn = {1432-1009}, abstract = {Climate change is one of the primary environmental problems broadly discussed in the Paris Agreement. In the literature, authors mainly focused on the changes in climate change concern. However, it is more important to answer whether the changes in concerns and responsibilities affect climate-friendly behaviour. Therefore, this study's objective was to analyse the changes in climate change concern, personal responsibility, and climate-friendly behaviour in EU-28 from 2015 (the launch of the Paris Agreement) to 2019 and evaluate how these changes contributed to separate actions. The changes in climate change concern and personal responsibility were statistically significant (F value). During the analysed period, the purchase of energy-efficient appliances increased the most. Meanwhile, the usage of environmentally friendly transport alternatives decreased. The determinants of changes in climate-friendly behaviour were identified using the multiple linear regression model. Results showed that changes in climate change concern significantly and positively affected waste management and choice of energy supplier which offers a greater share of energy from renewable sources and purchased of low-energy homes. Meanwhile, personal responsibility significantly and positively influenced switching energy suppliers but had a negative effect on home insulation. Furthermore, residents who performed high-cost behaviours (purchase of low-energy homes) also switched energy suppliers and insulated their homes. Therefore, the results indicated that the benefit and cost of behaviour (time, money) are very important aspects to promote climate-friendly behaviour. This study suggested that policymakers should raise public awareness about climate change and take all efforts to reduce the cost of high-cost behaviours and enable the possibilities to perform climate-friendly behaviour.}, }
@article {pmid34991281, year = {2005}, author = {Donner, SD and Skirving, WJ and Little, CM and Oppenheimer, M and Hoegh-Guldberg, O}, title = {Global assessment of coral bleaching and required rates of adaptation under climate change.}, journal = {Global change biology}, volume = {11}, number = {12}, pages = {2251-2265}, doi = {10.1111/j.1365-2486.2005.01073.x}, pmid = {34991281}, issn = {1365-2486}, abstract = {Elevated ocean temperatures can cause coral bleaching, the loss of colour from reef-building corals because of a breakdown of the symbiosis with the dinoflagellate Symbiodinium. Recent studies have warned that global climate change could increase the frequency of coral bleaching and threaten the long-term viability of coral reefs. These assertions are based on projecting the coarse output from atmosphere-ocean general circulation models (GCMs) to the local conditions around representative coral reefs. Here, we conduct the first comprehensive global assessment of coral bleaching under climate change by adapting the NOAA Coral Reef Watch bleaching prediction method to the output of a low- and high-climate sensitivity GCM. First, we develop and test algorithms for predicting mass coral bleaching with GCM-resolution sea surface temperatures for thousands of coral reefs, using a global coral reef map and 1985-2002 bleaching prediction data. We then use the algorithms to determine the frequency of coral bleaching and required thermal adaptation by corals and their endosymbionts under two different emissions scenarios. The results indicate that bleaching could become an annual or biannual event for the vast majority of the world's coral reefs in the next 30-50 years without an increase in thermal tolerance of 0.2-1.0°C per decade. The geographic variability in required thermal adaptation found in each model and emissions scenario suggests that coral reefs in some regions, like Micronesia and western Polynesia, may be particularly vulnerable to climate change. Advances in modelling and monitoring will refine the forecast for individual reefs, but this assessment concludes that the global prognosis is unlikely to change without an accelerated effort to stabilize atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations.}, }
@article {pmid34989992, year = {2022}, author = {Wahaj, Z and Alam, MM and Al-Amin, AQ}, title = {Climate change and COVID-19: shared challenges, divergent perspectives, and proposed collaborative solutions.}, journal = {Environmental science and pollution research international}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, pmid = {34989992}, issn = {1614-7499}, abstract = {Pandemics leave their mark quickly. This is true for all pandemics, including COVID-19. Its multifarious presence has wreaked havoc on people's physical, economic, and social life since late 2019. Despite the need for social science to save lives, it is also critical to ensure future generations are protected. COVID-19 appeared as the world grappled with the epidemic of climate change. This study suggests policymakers and practitioners address climate change and COVID-19 together. This article offers a narrative review of both pandemics' impacts. Scopus and Web of Science were sought databases. The findings are reported analytically using important works of contemporary social theorists. The analysis focuses on three interconnected themes: technology advancements have harmed vulnerable people; pandemics have macro- and micro-dimensions; and structural disparities. To conclude, we believe that collaborative effort is the key to combating COVID-19 and climate change, while understanding the lessons learnt from the industrialised world. Finally, policymakers can decrease the impact of global catastrophes by addressing many socioeconomic concerns concurrently.}, }
@article {pmid34989860, year = {2022}, author = {Couet, J and Marjakangas, EL and Santangeli, A and Kålås, JA and Lindström, Å and Lehikoinen, A}, title = {Short-lived species move uphill faster under climate change.}, journal = {Oecologia}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, pmid = {34989860}, issn = {1432-1939}, support = {307909//Academy of Finland/ ; 323527//Academy of Finland/ ; 326338//Academy of Finland/ ; 2018-02441//Svenska Forskningsrådet Formas/ ; }, abstract = {Climate change is pushing species ranges and abundances towards the poles and mountain tops. Although many studies have documented local altitudinal shifts, knowledge of general patterns at a large spatial scale, such as a whole mountain range, is scarce. From a conservation perspective, studying altitudinal shifts in wildlife is relevant because mountain regions often represent biodiversity hotspots and are among the most vulnerable ecosystems. Here, we examine whether altitudinal shifts in birds' abundances have occurred in the Scandinavian mountains over 13 years, and assess whether such shifts are related to species' traits. Using abundance data, we show a clear pattern of uphill shift in the mean altitude of bird abundance across the Scandinavian mountains, with an average speed of 0.9 m per year. Out of 76 species, 7 shifted significantly their abundance uphill. Altitudinal shift was strongly related to species' longevity: short-lived species showed more pronounced uphill shifts in abundance than long-lived species. The observed abundance shifts suggest that uphill shifts are not only driven by a small number of individuals at the range boundaries, but the overall bird abundances are on the move. Overall, the results underscore the wide-ranging impact of climate change and the potential vulnerability of species with slow life histories, as they appear less able to timely respond to rapidly changing climatic conditions.}, }
@article {pmid34989542, year = {2022}, author = {Wan, XN and Zhao, KY and Wu, XW and Bai, H and Yang, XY and Gu, JX}, title = {[Effects of Stalk Incorporation on Soil Carbon Sequestration, Nitrous Oxide Emissions, and Global Warming Potential of a Winter Wheat-Summer Maize Field in Guanzhong Plain].}, journal = {Huan jing ke xue= Huanjing kexue}, volume = {43}, number = {1}, pages = {569-576}, doi = {10.13227/j.hjkx.202105185}, pmid = {34989542}, issn = {0250-3301}, abstract = {The net greenhouse gas emissions from upland soils, as indicated by global warming potential (GWP), mainly depend on the soil carbon sequestration and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions. The annual changes in surface (0-20 cm) soil organic carbon (SOC) content from 2010 to 2017 and the N2O emissions from 2014 to 2017 were measured within a long-term fertilization experiment. The objective was to quantify the effect of stalk incorporation on the soil carbon sequestration, annual N2O emissions, and GWP of a winter wheat-summer maize field in the Guanzhong Plain. The field experiment included three treatments:conventional fertilization (CF), conventional fertilization plus maize stalks (CFS), and an unfertilized control (CK). The CF and CFS treatments received the same amount of urea per year, with nitrogen (N) input at 165 kg·hm-2 and 188 kg·hm-2 in the winter wheat season and summer maize season, respectively. The CF treatment retained the stubbles (about 10 cm above ground) when harvesting the winter wheat and summer maize crops. The CFS treatment retained the same wheat stubbles and all maize stalks (containing approximately 40 kg·hm-2 of N). The CK treatment was unfertilized throughout the year, with the stubble management the same as that in the CF treatment. The results showed that the CK treatment displayed few changes in SOC content and low N2O emissions, with GWP varying from 0.04 to 0.11 t·(hm2·a)-1. The SOC contents in the CF and CFS treatments increased linearly with the fertilization years (P<0.001), and their SOC sequestration rates were 0.69 t·(hm2·a)-1 and 0.97 t·(hm2·a)-1, respectively. The N2O emissions from the CF and CFS treatments varied from 1.65 to 5.36 kg·(hm2·a)-1 and from 3.08 to 7.73 kg·(hm2·a)-1, respectively. The annual N2O emissions from the CFS treatment were 43%-94% higher than those from the CF treatment, whereas the difference was only significant between 2015 and 2016 (P<0.05). The GWP of the CF and CFS treatments varied from -1.95 to -0.28 t·(hm2·a)-1 and from -2.59 to -0.35 t·(hm2·a)-1, respectively. The cumulative GWP of the CFS treatment was 42% lower than that of the CF treatment between 2014 and 2017. In summary, the studied winter wheat-summer maize field acted as a sink of greenhouse gases under the conventional fertilization regime. The stalk incorporation further favored greenhouse gas mitigation despite the trade-offs between SOC sequestration and N2O emissions.}, }
@article {pmid34989262, year = {2022}, author = {Lebel, L and Paquin, V and Kenny, TA and Fletcher, C and Nadeau, L and Chachamovich, E and Lemire, M}, title = {Climate change and Indigenous mental health in the Circumpolar North: A systematic review to inform clinical practice.}, journal = {Transcultural psychiatry}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {13634615211066698}, doi = {10.1177/13634615211066698}, pmid = {34989262}, issn = {1461-7471}, abstract = {Climate change is disproportionally impacting the Circumpolar North, with particular impacts among Indigenous populations. Environmental changes are felt in many aspects of daily life of Northern communities, including both physical and mental health. Thus, health institutions from around the Arctic must meet emerging needs, while the phenomenon remains marginal to their southern counterparts. In this systematic review, we aimed to review current scientific knowledge on the mental health impacts of climate change in Indigenous Peoples across the Circumpolar North. Seven databases were searched. Original peer-reviewed research articles were included if they addressed links between climate change and mental health in Arctic or Subarctic Indigenous Populations. After extraction, data were synthesized using thematic analysis. Of the 26 articles that met inclusion criteria, 16 focused on Canadian Inuit communities and 21 were exclusively qualitative. Being on the land was identified as a central determinant of wellbeing. Immediate impacts of climate change on mental health were felt through restricted mobility and disrupted livelihoods. Effects on mental health were further felt through changes in culture and identity, food insecurity, interpersonal stress and conflicts, and housing problems. Various ways in how communities and individuals are coping with these effects were reported. Understanding climate-related pathways of mental health risks in the Arctic is crucial to better identify vulnerable groups and to foster resilience. Clinicians can play a role in recognizing and providing support for patients affected by these disruptions. Policies sensitive to the climate-mental health relationship must be advocated for.}, }
@article {pmid34987218, year = {2022}, author = {}, title = {How researchers can help fight climate change in 2022 and beyond.}, journal = {Nature}, volume = {601}, number = {7891}, pages = {7}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-021-03817-4}, pmid = {34987218}, issn = {1476-4687}, }
@article {pmid34986669, year = {2022}, author = {Brown, MJ and Forster, BB}, title = {Climate Change: How Radiologists can Help.}, journal = {Canadian Association of Radiologists journal = Journal l'Association canadienne des radiologistes}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {8465371211064217}, doi = {10.1177/08465371211064217}, pmid = {34986669}, issn = {1488-2361}, }
@article {pmid34986372, year = {2022}, author = {Monsour, M and Clarke-Rubright, E and Lieberman-Cribbin, W and Timmins, C and Taioli, E and Schwartz, RM and Corley, SS and Laucis, AM and Morey, RA}, title = {The Impact of Climate Change on the Prevalence of Mental Illness Symptoms.}, journal = {Journal of affective disorders}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.jad.2021.12.124}, pmid = {34986372}, issn = {1573-2517}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: The repercussions of climate change threaten the population with an increased prevalence of extreme climate events. We explored the impact of climate change induced sea level rise (SLR) and tropical cyclone (TC) exposure on mental illness symptom prevalence.<br><br>METHODS: Using three datasets, TC exposure scores were calculated for each subject to determine how exposure affects posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety, and major depressive disorder (MDD) symptom prevalence. Inundation mapping of various SLR and storm surge (SS) scenarios were performed for the susceptible region of Miami-Dade and Broward counties to determine the population impact of flooding.<br><br>RESULTS: We found an elevated risk of mental illness symptoms from exposure to more high- intensity TCs and identified demographic variables that may contribute to this risk. Furthermore, inundation mapping demonstrated severe and widespread impact of SLR and SS on the mental health of communities.<br><br>LIMITATIONS: This study did not include data directly measuring comorbidity, resilience, preparedness, or ability to adapt to climate change. Also, multiple imputation using chained equations may have been imperfect. Furthermore, there is uncertainty in predicting and mapping SLR and TC intensity, which limits complete confidence in our SS predictions.<br><br>CONCLUSION: The impacts of climate change have been frequently studied in terms of physical health, natural disaster prevalence, and economic impacts, but rarely on mental health burden. However, it is vital that national, state, and local governments develop and deploy plans to address mental health needs along with expenditures for protecting infrastructure, the economy, and physical health from the combined effects of SLR and climate change-induced natural disasters.}, }
@article {pmid34983981, year = {2022}, author = {}, title = {Rivers buffer a vast sea against climate-change impacts.}, journal = {Nature}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, pmid = {34983981}, issn = {1476-4687}, }
@article {pmid34981356, year = {2022}, author = {Ghosh, AK and Shapiro, MF and Abramson, DM}, title = {Trends in National Institutes of Health Funding on the Health-Related Effects of Climate Change and Natural Disasters.}, journal = {Journal of general internal medicine}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, pmid = {34981356}, issn = {1525-1497}, }
@article {pmid34980932, year = {2021}, author = {Paz, S and Majeed, A and Christophides, GK}, title = {Climate change impacts on infectious diseases in the Eastern Mediterranean and the Middle East (EMME)-risks and recommendations.}, journal = {Climatic change}, volume = {169}, number = {3-4}, pages = {40}, doi = {10.1007/s10584-021-03300-z}, pmid = {34980932}, issn = {0165-0009}, abstract = {The Eastern Mediterranean and Middle East (EMME) region has rapid population growth, large differences in socio-economic levels between developed and developing countries, migration, increased water demand, and ecosystems degradation. The region is experiencing a significant warming trend with longer and warmer summers, increased frequency and severity of heat waves, and a drier climate. While climate change plays an important role in contributing to political instability in the region through displacement of people, food insecurity, and increased violence, it also increases the risks of vector-, water-, and food-borne diseases. Poorer and less educated people, young children and the elderly, migrants, and those with long-term health problems are at highest risk. A result of the inequalities among EMME countries is an inconsistency in the availability of reliable evidence about the impacts on infectious diseases. To help address this gap, a search of the literature was conducted as a basis for related recommended responses and suggested actions for preparedness and prevention. Since climate change already impacts the health of vulnerable populations in the EMME and will have a greater impact in future years, risk assessment and timely design and implementation of health preparedness and adaptation strategies are essential. Joint national and cross-border infectious diseases management systems for more effective preparedness and prevention are needed, supported by interventions that improve the environment. Without such cooperation and effective interventions, climate change will lead to an increasing morbidity and mortality in the EMME from infectious diseases, with a higher risk for the most vulnerable populations.}, }
@article {pmid34980187, year = {2022}, author = {Kulkarni, MA and Duguay, C and Ost, K}, title = {Charting the evidence for climate change impacts on the global spread of malaria and dengue and adaptive responses: a scoping review of reviews.}, journal = {Globalization and health}, volume = {18}, number = {1}, pages = {1}, pmid = {34980187}, issn = {1744-8603}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Climate change is expected to alter the global footprint of many infectious diseases, particularly vector-borne diseases such as malaria and dengue. Knowledge of the range and geographical context of expected climate change impacts on disease transmission and spread, combined with knowledge of effective adaptation strategies and responses, can help to identify gaps and best practices to mitigate future health impacts. To investigate the types of evidence for impacts of climate change on two major mosquito-borne diseases of global health importance, malaria and dengue, and to identify the range of relevant policy responses and adaptation strategies that have been devised, we performed a scoping review of published review literature. Three electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus and Epistemonikos) were systematically searched for relevant published reviews. Inclusion criteria were: reviews with a systematic search, from 2007 to 2020, in English or French, that addressed climate change impa