@article {pmid37269363,
year = {2023},
author = {Garcia-Heras, J},
title = {The 2022 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.},
journal = {Journal of the Association of Genetic Technologists},
volume = {49},
number = {2},
pages = {56-67},
pmid = {37269363},
issn = {1523-7834},
abstract = {The Nobel Assembly at the Karolinska Institute awarded the 2022 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine to Svante Pääbo (Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany). This award acknowledged his discoveries about the genomes of extinct hominins (Neandertal man and the Denisovans), the molecular genetic insights of human origin and evolutionary history, and the understanding of phylogenetic relationships between archaic hominins and modern humans. The scientific advances included detection of Neandertal and Denisovan DNA carried by modern humans due to past admixture events, which in turn stimulated active research about the functional and phenotypic significance of such archaic ancestry on non-disease and disease phenotypic features in modern populations. In addition, comparative genomic studies started to delineate the genes and genetic regulation mechanisms that distinguish modern-day humans from the archaic hominins and our immediate ancestors, the anatomically modern humans. These breakthroughs allowed a more thorough understanding of ancestral and modern human population genetics, and propelled the take-off of human paleogenomics as a new scientific discipline in its own right.},
}

@article {pmid37192163,
year = {2023},
author = {Rong, S and Neil, CR and Welch, A and Duan, C and Maguire, S and Meremikwu, IC and Meyerson, M and Evans, BJ and Fairbrother, WG},
title = {Large-scale functional screen identifies genetic variants with splicing effects in modern and archaic humans.},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
volume = {120},
number = {21},
pages = {e2218308120},
doi = {10.1073/pnas.2218308120},
pmid = {37192163},
issn = {1091-6490},
support = {R01 GM127472/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/United States ; },
abstract = {Humans coexisted and interbred with other hominins which later became extinct. These archaic hominins are known to us only through fossil records and for two cases, genome sequences. Here, we engineer Neanderthal and Denisovan sequences into thousands of artificial genes to reconstruct the pre-mRNA processing patterns of these extinct populations. Of the 5,169 alleles tested in this massively parallel splicing reporter assay (MaPSy), we report 962 exonic splicing mutations that correspond to differences in exon recognition between extant and extinct hominins. Using MaPSy splicing variants, predicted splicing variants, and splicing quantitative trait loci, we show that splice-disrupting variants experienced greater purifying selection in anatomically modern humans than that in Neanderthals. Adaptively introgressed variants were enriched for moderate-effect splicing variants, consistent with positive selection for alternative spliced alleles following introgression. As particularly compelling examples, we characterized a unique tissue-specific alternative splicing variant at the adaptively introgressed innate immunity gene TLR1, as well as a unique Neanderthal introgressed alternative splicing variant in the gene HSPG2 that encodes perlecan. We further identified potentially pathogenic splicing variants found only in Neanderthals and Denisovans in genes related to sperm maturation and immunity. Finally, we found splicing variants that may contribute to variation among modern humans in total bilirubin, balding, hemoglobin levels, and lung capacity. Our findings provide unique insights into natural selection acting on splicing in human evolution and demonstrate how functional assays can be used to identify candidate causal variants underlying differences in gene regulation and phenotype.},
}

@article {pmid37177303,
year = {2023},
author = {Adzhieva, OA and Gringolts, ML and Denisova, YI and Shandryuk, GA and Litmanovich, EA and Nikiforov, RY and Belov, NA and Kudryavtsev, YV},
title = {Effect of Chain Structure on the Various Properties of the Copolymers of Fluorinated Norbornenes with Cyclooctene.},
journal = {Polymers},
volume = {15},
number = {9},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/polym15092157},
pmid = {37177303},
issn = {2073-4360},
abstract = {Fluorinated polymers are attractive due to their special thermal, surface, gas separation, and other properties. In this study, new diblock, multiblock, and random copolymers of cyclooctene with two fluorinated norbornenes, 5-perfluorobutyl-2-norbornene and N-pentafluorophenyl-exo-endo-norbornene-5,6-dicarboximide, are synthesized by ring-opening metathesis copolymerization and macromolecular cross-metathesis in the presence of the first- to third-generation Grubbs' Ru-catalysts. Their thermal, surface, bulk, and solution characteristics are investigated and compared using differential scanning calorimetry, water contact angle measurements, gas permeation, and light scattering, respectively. It is demonstrated that they are correlated with the chain structure of the copolymers. The properties of multiblock copolymers are generally closer to those of diblock copolymers than of random ones, which can be explained by the presence of long blocks capable of self-organization. In particular, diblock and multiblock fluorine-imide-containing copolymers show a tendency to form micelles in chloroform solutions well below the overlap concentration. The results obtained may be of interest to a wide range of researchers involved in the design of functional copolymers.},
}

@article {pmid37142741,
year = {2023},
author = {Brand, CM and Colbran, LL and Capra, JA},
title = {Resurrecting the alternative splicing landscape of archaic hominins using machine learning.},
journal = {Nature ecology & evolution},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {37142741},
issn = {2397-334X},
abstract = {Alternative splicing contributes to adaptation and divergence in many species. However, it has not been possible to directly compare splicing between modern and archaic hominins. Here, we unmask the recent evolution of this previously unobservable regulatory mechanism by applying SpliceAI, a machine-learning algorithm that identifies splice-altering variants (SAVs), to high-coverage genomes from three Neanderthals and a Denisovan. We discover 5,950 putative archaic SAVs, of which 2,186 are archaic-specific and 3,607 also occur in modern humans via introgression (244) or shared ancestry (3,520). Archaic-specific SAVs are enriched in genes that contribute to traits potentially relevant to hominin phenotypic divergence, such as the epidermis, respiration and spinal rigidity. Compared to shared SAVs, archaic-specific SAVs occur in sites under weaker selection and are more common in genes with tissue-specific expression. Further underscoring the importance of negative selection on SAVs, Neanderthal lineages with low effective population sizes are enriched for SAVs compared to Denisovan and shared SAVs. Finally, we find that nearly all introgressed SAVs in humans were shared across the three Neanderthals, suggesting that older SAVs were more tolerated in human genomes. Our results reveal the splicing landscape of archaic hominins and identify potential contributions of splicing to phenotypic differences among hominins.},
}

@article {pmid37138083,
year = {2023},
author = {Essel, E and Zavala, EI and Schulz-Kornas, E and Kozlikin, MB and Fewlass, H and Vernot, B and Shunkov, MV and Derevianko, AP and Douka, K and Barnes, I and Soulier, MC and Schmidt, A and Szymanski, M and Tsanova, T and Sirakov, N and Endarova, E and McPherron, SP and Hublin, JJ and Kelso, J and Pääbo, S and Hajdinjak, M and Soressi, M and Meyer, M},
title = {Ancient human DNA recovered from a Palaeolithic pendant.},
journal = {Nature},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {37138083},
issn = {1476-4687},
abstract = {Artefacts made from stones, bones and teeth are fundamental to our understanding of human subsistence strategies, behaviour and culture in the Pleistocene. Although these resources are plentiful, it is impossible to associate artefacts to specific human individuals[1] who can be morphologically or genetically characterized, unless they are found within burials, which are rare in this time period. Thus, our ability to discern the societal roles of Pleistocene individuals based on their biological sex or genetic ancestry is limited[2-5]. Here we report the development of a non-destructive method for the gradual release of DNA trapped in ancient bone and tooth artefacts. Application of the method to an Upper Palaeolithic deer tooth pendant from Denisova Cave, Russia, resulted in the recovery of ancient human and deer mitochondrial genomes, which allowed us to estimate the age of the pendant at approximately 19,000-25,000 years. Nuclear DNA analysis identifies the presumed maker or wearer of the pendant as a female individual with strong genetic affinities to a group of Ancient North Eurasian individuals who lived around the same time but were previously found only further east in Siberia. Our work redefines how cultural and genetic records can be linked in prehistoric archaeology.},
}

@article {pmid37103242,
year = {2023},
author = {Witt, KE and Funk, A and Añorve-Garibay, V and Lopez Fang, L and Huerta-Sanchez, E},
title = {The impact of modern admixture on archaic human ancestry in human populations.},
journal = {Genome biology and evolution},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/gbe/evad066},
pmid = {37103242},
issn = {1759-6653},
abstract = {Admixture, the genetic merging of parental populations resulting in mixed ancestry, has occurred frequently throughout the course of human history. Numerous admixture events have occurred between human populations across the world, which have shaped genetic ancestry in modern humans. For example, populations in the Americas are often mosaics of different ancestries due to recent admixture events as part of European colonization. Admixed individuals also often have introgressed DNA from Neanderthals and Denisovans that may have come from multiple ancestral populations, which may affect how archaic ancestry is distributed across an admixed genome. In this study, we analyzed admixed populations from the Americas to assess whether the proportion and location of admixed segments due to recent admixture impact an individual's archaic ancestry. We identified a positive correlation between non-African ancestry and archaic alleles, as well as a slight enrichment of Denisovan alleles in Indigenous American segments relative to European segments in admixed genomes. We also identify several genes as candidates for adaptive introgression, based on archaic alleles present at high frequency in admixed American populations but low frequency in East Asian populations. These results provide insights into how recent admixture events between modern humans redistributed archaic ancestry in admixed genomes.},
}

@article {pmid36982684,
year = {2023},
author = {Makarova, E and Dubinina, A and Denisova, E and Kazantseva, A},
title = {Genetic Obesity in Pregnant A[y] Mice Does Not Affect Susceptibility to Obesity and Food Choice in Offspring.},
journal = {International journal of molecular sciences},
volume = {24},
number = {6},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/ijms24065610},
pmid = {36982684},
issn = {1422-0067},
abstract = {Maternal diet and obesity (MO) may influence taste preferences and increase the susceptibility to obesity in offspring, but the impact of MO per se to these influences is poorly understood. We evaluated the influence of MO on food choice and susceptibility to obesity in offspring when mothers consumed a standard diet (SD). Mice with the Lethal yellow mutation (A[y]/a) develop obesity consuming an SD. Metabolic parameters were assessed in pregnant and lactating A[y]/a (obesity) and a/a (control) mothers. Metabolic response to the consumption of a sweet-fat diet (SFD: SD, lard, and sweet biscuits) and the choice of components of this diet were evaluated in their male and female offspring. Compared to control mothers, pregnant obese mothers had higher levels of insulin, leptin, and FGF21. MO increased food intake and liver expression of lipogenesis genes in male offspring consuming the SD. SFD consumption caused obesity development and insulin resistance, increased liver expression of glycolytic and lipogenesis genes, and affected hypothalamic expression of anorexigenic and orexigenic genes. In offspring of both sexes, MO had no effect on food choice and metabolic response to SFD intake. Therefore, when obese mothers consume a balanced diet, MO does not affect food choice and development of diet-induced obesity in offspring.},
}

@article {pmid36980999,
year = {2023},
author = {Toncheva, D and Marinova, M and Chobanov, T and Serbezov, D},
title = {Pathogenic Variants Associated with Rare Monogenic Diseases Established in Ancient Neanderthal and Denisovan Genome-Wide Data.},
journal = {Genes},
volume = {14},
number = {3},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/genes14030727},
pmid = {36980999},
issn = {2073-4425},
abstract = {Ancient anatomically modern humans (AMHs) encountered other archaic human species, most notably Neanderthals and Denisovans, when they left Africa and spread across Europe and Asia ~60,000 years ago. They interbred with them, and modern human genomes retain DNA inherited from these interbreeding events. High quality (high coverage) ancient human genomes have recently been sequenced allowing for a direct estimation of individual heterozygosity, which has shown that genetic diversity in these archaic human groups was very low, indicating low population sizes. In this study, we analyze ten ancient human genome-wide data, including four sequenced with high-coverage. We screened these ancient genome-wide data for pathogenic mutations associated with monogenic diseases, and established unusual aggregation of pathogenic mutations in individual subjects, including quadruple homozygous cases of pathogenic variants in the PAH gene associated with the condition phenylketonuria in a ~120,000 years old Neanderthal. Such aggregation of pathogenic mutations is extremely rare in contemporary populations, and their existence in ancient humans could be explained by less significant clinical manifestations coupled with small community sizes, leading to higher inbreeding levels. Our results suggest that pathogenic variants associated with rare diseases might be the result of introgression from other archaic human species, and archaic admixture thus could have influenced disease risk in modern humans.},
}

@article {pmid36979362,
year = {2023},
author = {Xiao, F and Li, J and Lagniton, PNP and Kou, SH and Lei, H and Tam, B and Wang, SM},
title = {Evolutionary Origin of MUTYH Germline Pathogenic Variations in Modern Humans.},
journal = {Biomolecules},
volume = {13},
number = {3},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/biom13030429},
pmid = {36979362},
issn = {2218-273X},
abstract = {MUTYH plays an essential role in preventing oxidation-caused DNA damage. Pathogenic germline variations in MUTYH damage its function, causing intestinal polyposis and colorectal cancer. Determination of the evolutionary origin of the variation is essential to understanding the etiological relationship between MUTYH variation and cancer development. In this study, we analyzed the origins of pathogenic germline variants in human MUTYH. Using a phylogenic approach, we searched MUTYH pathogenic variants in modern humans in the MUTYH of 99 vertebrates across eight clades. We did not find pathogenic variants shared between modern humans and the non-human vertebrates following the evolutionary tree, ruling out the possibility of cross-species conservation as the origin of human pathogenic variants in MUTYH. We then searched the variants in the MUTYH of 5031 ancient humans and extinct Neanderthals and Denisovans. We identified 24 pathogenic variants in 42 ancient humans dated between 30,570 and 480 years before present (BP), and three pathogenic variants in Neanderthals dated between 65,000 and 38,310 years BP. Data from our study revealed that human MUTYH pathogenic variants mostly arose in recent human history and partially originated from Neanderthals.},
}

@article {pmid36977120,
year = {2023},
author = {Primak, AL and Orlov, NA and Peigneur, S and Tytgat, J and Ignatova, AA and Denisova, KR and Yakimov, SA and Kirpichnikov, MP and Nekrasova, OV and Feofanov, AV},
title = {AgTx2-GFP, Fluorescent Blocker Targeting Pharmacologically Important Kv1.x (x = 1, 3, 6) Channels.},
journal = {Toxins},
volume = {15},
number = {3},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/toxins15030229},
pmid = {36977120},
issn = {2072-6651},
abstract = {The growing interest in potassium channels as pharmacological targets has stimulated the development of their fluorescent ligands (including genetically encoded peptide toxins fused with fluorescent proteins) for analytical and imaging applications. We report on the properties of agitoxin 2 C-terminally fused with enhanced GFP (AgTx2-GFP) as one of the most active genetically encoded fluorescent ligands of potassium voltage-gated Kv1.x (x = 1, 3, 6) channels. AgTx2-GFP possesses subnanomolar affinities for hybrid KcsA-Kv1.x (x = 3, 6) channels and a low nanomolar affinity to KcsA-Kv1.1 with moderate dependence on pH in the 7.0-8.0 range. Electrophysiological studies on oocytes showed a pore-blocking activity of AgTx2-GFP at low nanomolar concentrations for Kv1.x (x = 1, 3, 6) channels and at micromolar concentrations for Kv1.2. AgTx2-GFP bound to Kv1.3 at the membranes of mammalian cells with a dissociation constant of 3.4 ± 0.8 nM, providing fluorescent imaging of the channel membranous distribution, and this binding depended weakly on the channel state (open or closed). AgTx2-GFP can be used in combination with hybrid KcsA-Kv1.x (x = 1, 3, 6) channels on the membranes of E. coli spheroplasts or with Kv1.3 channels on the membranes of mammalian cells for the search and study of nonlabeled peptide pore blockers, including measurement of their affinity.},
}

@article {pmid36911042,
year = {2023},
author = {Alexeeva, E and Krekhova, E and Dvoryakovskaya, T and Isaeva, K and Chomakhidze, A and Chistyakova, E and Lomakina, O and Denisova, R and Mamutova, A and Fetisova, A and Gautier, M and Vankova, D and Kriulin, I and Saygitov, R},
title = {Efficacy and safety of canakinumab as a second line biologic after tocilizumab treatment failure in children with systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis: A single-centre cohort study using routinely collected health data.},
journal = {Frontiers in pediatrics},
volume = {11},
number = {},
pages = {1114207},
pmid = {36911042},
issn = {2296-2360},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: A significant number of systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (sJIA) patients discontinue biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (bDMARDs) due to lack of efficacy or safety concerns. Studies of biologic therapy switch regimens in sJIA are required.

METHODS: Patients with sJIA who switched from tocilizumab (due to lack of efficacy or safety) to canakinumab (4 mg/kg every 4 weeks) and were hospitalized at the rheumatology department from August 2012 to July 2020 were included. Primary efficacy outcomes were 30% or greater improvement based on the paediatric criteria of the American College of Rheumatology (ACR30), achievement of inactive disease (JADAS-71 = 0) and clinical remission (ACR sJIA clinical inactive disease criteria). Follow-up from time first canakinumab dose administered was 12 months or the closest time point (not less than 6 and not more than 18 months). Data were extracted from electronic outpatient medical records.

RESULTS: During the study period, 46 patients with sJIA switched from tocilizumab to canakinumab. Median age at baseline was 8.2 [interquartile range (IQR) 4.0-12.9] years, with the median sJIA duration being 1.8 (IQR 0.8-5.8) years; 37 (80%) patients received at least one conventional DMARD (cDMARD; oral corticosteroids, methotrexate and/or cyclosporine A). Study outcomes were followed up in 45 patients (one patient did not attend the follow-up for an unknown reason); median follow-up was 359 (IQR 282-404) days. During the follow-up, 1 patient discontinued canakinumab due to tuberculosis detection and the dose was reduced or the injection interval increased in 4 (9%) patients. In total, 27 (60%) patients continued to receive at least one cDMARD. Improvement according to the ACR30 criteria was achieved in 43 patients [96%; 95% confidence interval (CI) 85-99], inactive disease in 42 (93%; 95%CI 82-98), and remission in 37 (82%; 95% CI 69-91); after adjustment for actual time-at-risk, the rates were 83, 85 and 73 events per 100 person-years, respectively. During follow-up, 23 AEs (most frequently infections) were reported in 19/45 (42%) patients; 5/45 (11%) patients developed macrophage activation syndrome, with a favorable outcome in all cases.

CONCLUSIONS: One-year canakinumab therapy was found to be potentially effective as second-line biologic therapy after discontinuation of tocilizumab in patients with sJIA.},
}

@article {pmid36823244,
year = {2023},
author = {Wang, PY and Yang, Y and Shi, XQ and Chen, Y and Liu, SD and Wang, HY and Peng, T and Shi, Q and Zhang, W and Sun, C},
title = {Distilling functional variations for human UGT2B4 upstream region based on selection signals and implications for phenotypes of Neanderthal and Denisovan.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {13},
number = {1},
pages = {3134},
pmid = {36823244},
issn = {2045-2322},
abstract = {Our previous work identified one region upstream human UGT2B4 (UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 2 member B4) which is associated with breast cancer and under balancing selection. However, the distribution, functional variation and molecular mechanism underlying breast cancer and balancing selection remain unclear. In current study, the two haplotypes with deep divergence are described by analyzing 1000 genomes project data and observed to be with high frequencies in all human populations. Through population genetics analysis and genome annotation, the potential functional region is identified and verified by reporter gene assay. Further mutagenesis indicates that the functional mutations are rs66862535 and rs68096061. Both SNPs can alter the interaction efficiency of transcription factor POU2F1 (POU class 2 homeobox 1). Through chromosome conformation capture, it is identified that the enhancer containing these two SNPs can interact with UGT2B4 promoter. Expression quantitative trait loci analysis indicates that UGT2B4 expression is dependent on the genotype of this locus. The common haplotype in human is lost in four genomes of archaic hominins, which suggests that Neanderthal and Denisovan should present relatively lower UGT2B4 expression and further higher steroid hormone level. This study provides new insight into the contribution of ancient population structure to human phenotypes.},
}

@article {pmid36625544,
year = {2023},
author = {Aqil, A and Speidel, L and Pavlidis, P and Gokcumen, O},
title = {Balancing selection on genomic deletion polymorphisms in humans.},
journal = {eLife},
volume = {12},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {36625544},
issn = {2050-084X},
abstract = {A key question in biology is why genomic variation persists in a population for extended periods. Recent studies have identified examples of genomic deletions that have remained polymorphic in the human lineage for hundreds of millennia, ostensibly owing to balancing selection. Nevertheless, genome-wide investigation of ancient and possibly adaptive deletions remains an imperative exercise. Here, we demonstrate an excess of polymorphisms in present-day humans that predate the modern human-Neanderthal split (ancient polymorphisms), which cannot be explained solely by selectively neutral scenarios. We analyze the adaptive mechanisms that underlie this excess in deletion polymorphisms. Using a previously published measure of balancing selection, we show that this excess of ancient deletions is largely owing to balancing selection. Based on the absence of signatures of overdominance, we conclude that it is a rare mode of balancing selection among ancient deletions. Instead, more complex scenarios involving spatially and temporally variable selective pressures are likely more common mechanisms. Our results suggest that balancing selection resulted in ancient deletions harboring disproportionately more exonic variants with GWAS (genome-wide association studies) associations. We further found that ancient deletions are significantly enriched for traits related to metabolism and immunity. As a by-product of our analysis, we show that deletions are, on average, more deleterious than single nucleotide variants. We can now argue that not only is a vast majority of common variants shared among human populations, but a considerable portion of biologically relevant variants has been segregating among our ancestors for hundreds of thousands, if not millions, of years.},
}

@article {pmid36778254,
year = {2023},
author = {Velazquez-Arcelay, K and Colbran, LL and McArthur, E and Brand, C and Siemann, J and McMahon, D and Capra, JA},
title = {Neanderthal Introgression Shaped Human Circadian Traits.},
journal = {bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1101/2023.02.03.527061},
pmid = {36778254},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: When the ancestors of modern Eurasians migrated out of Africa and interbred with Eurasian archaic hominins, namely Neanderthals and Denisovans, DNA of archaic ancestry integrated into the genomes of anatomically modern humans. This process potentially accelerated adaptation to Eurasian environmental factors, including reduced ultra-violet radiation and an increased variation in seasonal dynamics. However, whether these groups differed substantially in circadian biology, and whether archaic introgression adaptively contributed to human chronotypes remains unknown.

RESULTS: Here we traced the evolution of chronotype based on genomes from archaic hominin and present-day humans. First, we inferred differences in circadian gene sequences, splicing, and regulation between archaic hominins and modern humans. We identified 28 circadian genes containing variants likely to alter splicing in archaics (e.g., CLOCK, PER2, RORB, RORC), and 16 circadian genes likely divergently regulated between present-day humans and archaic hominins, including RORA . These differences suggest the potential for introgression to modify circadian gene expression. Testing this hypothesis, we found that introgressed variants are enriched among eQTLs for circadian genes. Supporting the functional relevance of these regulatory effects, we found that many introgressed alleles have strong associations with chronotype. Strikingly, the strongest introgressed effects on chronotype increase morningness, which is consistent with adaptations to high latitude in other species. Finally, we identified 26 circadian loci with evidence of adaptive introgression, including PER2 and MYBBP1A .

CONCLUSIONS: These findings identify differences in circadian gene regulation between modern humans and archaic hominins and support the contribution of introgression via coordinated effects on variation in human chronotype.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Interbreeding between modern humans and Neanderthals created the potential for adaptive introgression as humans moved into new environments that had been populated by Neanderthals for hundreds of thousands of years. Here we discover substantial lineage-specific genetic differences in circadian genes and their regulatory elements between humans and Neanderthals. We then show that introgressed archaic alleles are enriched for effects on circadian gene regulation and consistently increase propensity for morningness in modern Europeans. These results substantially expand our understanding of how the genomes of humans and our closest relatives responded to living in environments with different light/dark cycles, and they demonstrate a coordinated contribution of archaic admixture to modern human chronotype in a direction that is consistent with adaptation to higher latitudes.},
}

@article {pmid36776693,
year = {2023},
author = {Hagymási, K},
title = {The Nobel prize in physiology and medicine - 2022.},
journal = {Structural chemistry},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-4},
pmid = {36776693},
issn = {1040-0400},
abstract = {The Nobel Assembly at Karolinska Institutet awarded the 2022 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine to a Swedish geneticist, Svante Pääbo, for his discoveries concerning the genomes of extinct hominins and human evolution, for the sequencing of the genome of the Neanderthal, the discovery of a previously unknown hominin, Denisova, and the establishment of a new scientific discipline, paleogenomics.},
}

@article {pmid36761718,
year = {2022},
author = {Ermakov, PN and Vorobyeva, EV and Denisova, EG and Yavna, DV and Babenko, VV and Kovsh, EM and Alekseeva, DS},
title = {Recognition of Emotional and Neutral Visual Scenes in Carriers of the MAOA, COMT, DRD4, and 5HT2A Gene Polymorphisms.},
journal = {Psychology in Russia : state of the art},
volume = {15},
number = {4},
pages = {159-169},
pmid = {36761718},
issn = {2307-2202},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: It is known that some genes regulate neurochemical metabolism, and their polymorphisms affect cognitive performance, including the ability to categorize emotionally significant information.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of our study was to analyze the recognition of emotional and neutral visual scenes in carriers of different polymorphic variants of the MAOA, COMT, DRD4, and 5HT2A genes.

DESIGN: The study sample consisted of 87 university students (Caucasians, women 63%, average age 20.4±2.6 years). The genotypes of the COMT, 5HT2A, and DRD4 genes were determined by polymerase chain reaction. Agarose gel electrophoresis was used to determine the number of tandem repeats of the MAOA gene. Three hundred sixty (360) photographic images of scenes of different emotional valence (positive, negative, and neutral - 120 images for each category) were used as stimuli. These images were classified by expert assessments. The images were presented in a random sequence. The exposure time was 700 ms. The research participants were asked to determine the emotional valence of each scene.

RESULTS: We found that only the COMT gene genotype affected the recognition of emotional and neutral visual scenes. Carriers of the COMT Val/Val genotype, which causes dopamine to stay in the synaptic space for a shorter time, are better in recognizing and demonstrate higher sensitivity to the emotional content of scenes. Carriers of the Val/Met genotype demonstrated the worst ability to differentiate the emotional valence of visual scenes.

CONCLUSION: This study has shown that the length of stay of monoamines in the synaptic space regulated by the COMT gene affects the recognition of emotional visual information.},
}

@article {pmid36738924,
year = {2023},
author = {Cheng, T and Wang, F and Denisova, K and Barmettler, A},
title = {Normative exophthalmometry values in Hispanic individuals.},
journal = {Archivos de la Sociedad Espanola de Oftalmologia},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.oftale.2023.02.002},
pmid = {36738924},
issn = {2173-5794},
abstract = {PURPOSE: Normative exophthalmometry values have been established in Caucasians, Asians, and Black individuals. While prior studies have examined periocular measurements in different racial and ethnic groups, this study is the first to establish a set of normative exophthalmometry values in a Hispanic population in New York City.

METHODS: This prospective, cross-sectional cohort study was IRB approved and HIPAA compliant. Adult patients self-identifying as Hispanic were included. The degree of ocular prominence (exophthalmometry value, EV) and the inter-orbital distance (Hertel's base, IOD) was obtained by Hertel exophthalmometry. Differences in EV between sexes were evaluated using two sample t-tests. Multivariable linear regression was utilized to determine the effect of age, sex, and body mass index (BMI) on EV.

RESULTS: Of the 277 Hispanic individuals included, 189 (68.2%) were female and the mean age was 63.0 years (SD = 15.0). The mean Hertel's base and mean EV for all participants was 92.0 mm (SD = 4.1) and 16.7 mm (SD = 2.4), respectively. Average exophthalmometry values for men were significantly higher than women's (17.6 mm and 16.2 mm, respectively, p ≤ 0.001). Higher EVs were positively associated with male gender (ß = -1.60, p < 0.0001) and BMI (ß = 0.084, p = 0.001), but not age.

CONCLUSIONS: The mean EV in Hispanic individuals is 16.7 mm, higher than that reported for most Caucasians and Asians, but less than that of Black individuals. Higher EV is significantly associated with male sex and increased BMI. This study is the first to create a set of normative exophthalmometry values in a Hispanic population, which may serve as a valuable tool for clinicians to reference when diagnosing and monitoring orbital disease.},
}

@article {pmid36719311,
year = {2023},
author = {Borshchevskaya, VN and Denisova, AV and Todorov, SS and Berezovsky, DP and Shigeev, SV and Pigolkin, YI},
title = {[Forensic medical assessment of venous thromboembolic complications of mechanical injury of the lower limb after surgery].},
journal = {Sudebno-meditsinskaia ekspertiza},
volume = {66},
number = {1},
pages = {35-38},
doi = {10.17116/sudmed20236601135},
pmid = {36719311},
issn = {0039-4521},
abstract = {In forensic medical practice, venous thromboembolic complications (VTEC) are relatively rare, due to hereditary and acquired factors. The issue of expert evaluation of the VTEC after the performed surgical intervention as an alleged defect in medical care causes discussion. The purpose of this publication is to demonstrate an expert case in the assessment of VTEC mechanical injury of the lower limb after surgery. The above case with the development of PATE after surgery clearly demonstrates the possibility of the appearance of a «medical case». The key to the correct expert assessment of the alleged defect of medical care during the forensic medical examination is not only a thorough and scrupulous study of medical documentation, but also a qualitatively performed forensic medical examination of the corpse.},
}

@article {pmid36711923,
year = {2023},
author = {Flegontov, P and Işıldak, U and Maier, R and Yüncü, E and Changmai, P and Reich, D},
title = {Modeling of African population history using f -statistics can be highly biased and is not addressed by previously suggested SNP ascertainment schemes.},
journal = {bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1101/2023.01.22.525077},
pmid = {36711923},
abstract = {f -statistics have emerged as a first line of analysis for making inferences about demographic history from genome-wide data. These statistics can provide strong evidence for either admixture or cladality, which can be robust to substantial rates of errors or missing data. f -statistics are guaranteed to be unbiased under "SNP ascertainment" (analyzing non-randomly chosen subsets of single nucleotide polymorphisms) only if it relies on a population that is an outgroup for all groups analyzed. However, ascertainment on a true outgroup that is not co-analyzed with other populations is often impractical and uncommon in the literature. In this study focused on practical rather than theoretical aspects of SNP ascertainment, we show that many non-outgroup ascertainment schemes lead to false rejection of true demographic histories, as well as to failure to reject incorrect models. But the bias introduced by common ascertainments such as the 1240K panel is mostly limited to situations when more than one sub-Saharan African and/or archaic human groups (Neanderthals and Denisovans) or non-human outgroups are co-modelled, for example, f 4 -statistics involving one non-African group, two African groups, and one archaic group. Analyzing panels of SNPs polymorphic in archaic humans, which has been suggested as a solution for the ascertainment problem, cannot fix all these problems since for some classes of f -statistics it is not a clean outgroup ascertainment, and in other cases it demonstrates relatively low power to reject incorrect demographic models since it provides a relatively small number of variants common in anatomically modern humans. And due to the paucity of high-coverage archaic genomes, archaic individuals used for ascertainment often act as sole representatives of the respective groups in an analysis, and we show that this approach is highly problematic. By carrying out large numbers of simulations of diverse demographic histories, we find that bias in inferences based on f -statistics introduced by non-outgroup ascertainment can be minimized if the derived allele frequency spectrum in the population used for ascertainment approaches the spectrum that existed at the root of all groups being co-analyzed. Ascertaining on sites with variants common in a diverse group of African individuals provides a good approximation to such a set of SNPs, addressing the great majority of biases and also retaining high statistical power for studying population history. Such a "pan-African" ascertainment, although not completely problem-free, allows unbiased exploration of demographic models for the widest set of archaic and modern human populations, as compared to the other ascertainment schemes we explored.},
}

@article {pmid36711776,
year = {2023},
author = {Witt, KE and Funk, A and Fang, LL and Huerta-Sanchez, E},
title = {The impact of modern admixture on archaic human ancestry in human populations.},
journal = {bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1101/2023.01.16.524232},
pmid = {36711776},
abstract = {Admixture, the genetic merging of parental populations resulting in mixed ancestry, has occurred frequently throughout the course of human history. Numerous admixture events have occurred between human populations across the world, as well as introgression between humans and archaic humans, Neanderthals and Denisovans. One example are genomes from populations in the Americas, as these are often mosaics of different ancestries due to recent admixture events as part of European colonization. In this study, we analyzed admixed populations from the Americas to assess whether the proportion and location of admixed segments due to recent admixture impact an individual’s archaic ancestry. We identified a positive correlation between non-African ancestry and archaic alleles, as well as a slight enrichment of Denisovan alleles in Indigenous American segments relative to European segments in admixed genomes. We also identify several genes as candidates for adaptive introgression, based on archaic alleles present at high frequency in admixed American populations but low frequency in East Asian populations. These results provide insights into how recent admixture events between modern humans redistributed archaic ancestry in admixed genomes.},
}

@article {pmid36691623,
year = {2023},
author = {de March, CA and Matsunami, H and Abe, M and Cobb, M and Hoover, KC},
title = {Genetic and functional odorant receptor variation in the Homo lineage.},
journal = {iScience},
volume = {26},
number = {1},
pages = {105908},
pmid = {36691623},
issn = {2589-0042},
abstract = {Humans, Neanderthals, and Denisovans independently adapted to a wide range of geographic environments and their associated food odors. Using ancient DNA sequences, we explored the in vitro function of thirty odorant receptor genes in the genus Homo. Our extinct relatives had highly conserved olfactory receptor sequence, but humans did not. Variations in odorant receptor protein sequence and structure may have produced variation in odor detection and perception. Variants led to minimal changes in specificity but had more influence on functional sensitivity. The few Neanderthal variants disturbed function, whereas Denisovan variants increased sensitivity to sweet and sulfur odors. Geographic adaptations may have produced greater functional variation in our lineage, increasing our olfactory repertoire and expanding our adaptive capacity. Our survey of olfactory genes and odorant receptors suggests that our genus has a shared repertoire with possible local ecological adaptations.},
}

@article {pmid36681659,
year = {2022},
author = {Zhou, Z and M A Swagemakers, S and S Lourens, M and Suratannon, N and J van der Spek, P and A S H Dalm, V and A Dik, W and IJspeert, H and van Hagen, PM},
title = {Did variants in inborn errors of immunity genes contribute to the extinction of Neanderthals?.},
journal = {Asian Pacific journal of allergy and immunology},
volume = {40},
number = {4},
pages = {422-434},
doi = {10.12932/AP-251022-1489},
pmid = {36681659},
issn = {0125-877X},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Neanderthals were a species of archaic humans that became extinct around 40,000 years ago. Modern humans have inherited 1-6% of Neanderthal DNA as a result of interbreeding. These inherited Neanderthal genes have paradoxical influences, while some can provide protection to viral infections, some others are associated with autoimmune/auto-inflammatory diseases.

OBJECTIVE: We aim to investigate whether genetic variants with strong detrimental effects on the function of the immune system could have potentially contributed to the extinction of the Neanderthal population.

METHODS: We used the publically available genome information from an Altai Neanderthal and filtered for potentially damaging variants present in genes associated with inborn errors of immunity (IEI) and checked whether these variants were present in the genomes of the Denisovan, Vindija and Chagyrskaya Neanderthals.

RESULTS: We identified 24 homozygous variants and 15 heterozygous variants in IEI-related genes in the Altai Neanderthal. Two homozygous variants in the UNC13D gene and one variant in the MOGS gene were present in all archaic genomes. Defects in the UNC13D gene are known to cause a severe and often fatal disease called hemophagocytic lymphohistiocystosis (HLH). One of these variants p.(N943S) has been reported in patients with HLH. Variants in MOGS are associated with glycosylation defects in the immune system affecting the susceptibility for infections.

CONCLUSIONS: Although the exact functional impact of these three variants needs further elucidation, we speculate that they could have resulted in an increased susceptibility to severe diseases and may have contributed to the extinction of Neanderthals after exposure to specific infections.},
}

@article {pmid36661490,
year = {2022},
author = {Mikhailova, SV and Ivanoshchuk, DE and Yushkevich, EA and Bairqdar, A and Anisimenko, MS and Shcherbakova, LV and Denisova, DV and Orlov, PS},
title = {Prevalence of Common Alleles of Some Stress Resilience Genes among Adolescents Born in Different Periods Relative to the Socioeconomic Crisis of the 1990s in Russia.},
journal = {Current issues in molecular biology},
volume = {45},
number = {1},
pages = {51-65},
doi = {10.3390/cimb45010004},
pmid = {36661490},
issn = {1467-3045},
abstract = {Social stress is common among people and is considered one of the causes of the declining birth rate. Predisposition to stress and stress-induced disorders is largely determined genetically. We hypothesized that due to differences in stress resistance, carriers of different genetic variants of genes associated with stress resilience and stress-induced diseases may have dissimilar numbers of offspring under conditions of long-term social stress. To test this hypothesis, a comparative analysis of frequencies of seven common polymorphic regions [exon 3 variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR) of the DRD4 gene, rs4680 of COMT, STin2 VNTR and the 5-HTTLPR (rs774676466) insertion/deletion polymorphism of SLC6A4, rs4570625 of TPH2, rs6265 of BDNF, and rs258747 of NR3C1] was performed on standardized groups of randomly selected adolescents born before, during, and after severe socioeconomic deprivation (the crisis of the 1990s in Russia). There were significant differences in frequencies of "long" alleles of the DRD4 gene (p = 0.020, χ[2] = 5.492) and rs4680 (p = 0.022, χ[2] = 5.289) in the "crisis" group as compared to the combined "noncrisis" population. It is possible that the dopaminergic system had an impact on the successful adaptation of a person to social stress.},
}

@article {pmid36659062,
year = {2020},
author = {Zhang, D and Xia, H and Cheng, T and Chen, F},
title = {New portraits of the Denisovans.},
journal = {Science bulletin},
volume = {65},
number = {1},
pages = {1-3},
doi = {10.1016/j.scib.2019.10.013},
pmid = {36659062},
issn = {2095-9281},
}

@article {pmid36631528,
year = {2023},
author = {Filippenkov, IB and Remizova, JA and Denisova, AE and Stavchansky, VV and Golovina, KD and Gubsky, LV and Limborska, SA and Dergunova, LV},
title = {Differential gene expression in the contralateral hemisphere of the rat brain after focal ischemia.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {13},
number = {1},
pages = {573},
pmid = {36631528},
issn = {2045-2322},
abstract = {Ischemic stroke is one of the most severe polygenic brain diseases. Here, we performed further functional genetic analysis of the processes occurring in the contralateral hemisphere (CH) after ischemia-reperfusion injury in rat brain. Comparison of RNA sequencing data for subcortical samples from the ipsilateral hemisphere (IH) and CH after 90 min of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) and corresponding sham-operated (SO) controls showed four groups of genes that were associated with ischemic processes in rat brain at 24 h after tMCAO. Among them, 2672 genes were differentially expressed genes (DEGs) for IH but non-DEGs for CH, 34 genes were DEGs for CH but non-DEGs for IH, and 114 genes had codirected changes in expression in both hemispheres. The remaining 16 genes exhibited opposite changes at the mRNA level in the two brain hemispheres after tMCAO. These findings suggest that the ischemic process caused by a focal ischemia induces complex bilateral reactions at the transcriptome level in the rat brain. We believe that specific genome responses in the CH and IH may provide a useful model for the study of the potential for brain repair after stroke.},
}

@article {pmid36617238,
year = {2023},
author = {Zhang, X and Kim, B and Singh, A and Sankararaman, S and Durvasula, A and Lohmueller, KE},
title = {MaLAdapt reveals novel targets of adaptive introgression from Neanderthals and Denisovans in worldwide human populations.},
journal = {Molecular biology and evolution},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/molbev/msad001},
pmid = {36617238},
issn = {1537-1719},
abstract = {Adaptive introgression (AI) facilitates local adaptation in a wide range of species. Many state-of-the-art methods detect AI with ad-hoc approaches that identify summary statistic outliers or intersect scans for positive selection with scans for introgressed genomic regions. Although widely used, approaches intersecting outliers are vulnerable to a high false-negative rate as the power of different methods varies, especially for complex introgression events. Moreover, population genetic processes unrelated to AI, such as background selection or heterosis, may create similar genomic signals to AI, compromising the reliability of methods that rely on neutral null distributions. In recent years, machine learning (ML) methods have been increasingly applied to population genetic questions. Here, we present a ML-based method called MaLAdapt for identifying AI loci from genome-wide sequencing data. Using an Extra-Trees Classifier algorithm, our method combines information from a large number of biologically meaningful summary statistics to capture a powerful composite signature of AI across the genome. In contrast to existing methods, MaLAdapt is especially well-powered to detect AI with mild beneficial effects, including selection on standing archaic variation, and is robust to non-AI selective sweeps, heterosis from deleterious mutations, and demographic misspecification. Further, MaLAdapt outperforms existing methods for detecting AI based on the analysis of simulated data and on a validation of empirical signals through visual inspection of haplotype patterns. We apply MaLAdapt to the 1000 Genomes Project human genomic data, and discover novel AI candidate regions in non-African populations, including genes that are enriched in functionally important biological pathways regulating metabolism and immune responses.},
}

@article {pmid36553646,
year = {2022},
author = {Stavchansky, VV and Filippenkov, IB and Remizova, JA and Denisova, AE and Mozgovoy, IV and Gubsky, LV and Myasoedov, NF and Andreeva, LA and Limborska, SA and Dergunova, LV},
title = {Insight into Glyproline Peptides' Activity through the Modulation of the Inflammatory and Neurosignaling Genetic Response Following Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion.},
journal = {Genes},
volume = {13},
number = {12},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/genes13122380},
pmid = {36553646},
issn = {2073-4425},
abstract = {Glyprolines are Gly-Pro (GP)- or Pro-Gly (PG)-containing biogenic peptides. These peptides can act as neutrophil chemoattractants, or atheroprotective, anticoagulant, and neuroprotective agents. The Pro-Gly-Pro (PGP) tripeptide is an active factor of resistance to the biodegradation of peptide drugs. The synthetic Semax peptide, which includes Met-Glu-His-Phe (MEHF) fragments of adrenocorticotropic hormone and the C-terminal tripeptide PGP, serves as a neuroprotective drug for the treatment of ischemic stroke. Previously, we revealed that Semax mostly prevented the disruption of the gene expression pattern 24 h after a transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) in a rat brain model. The genes of this pattern were grouped into an inflammatory cluster (IC) and a neurotransmitter cluster (NC). Here, using real-time RT-PCR, the effect of other PGP-containing peptides, PGP and Pro-Gly-Pro-Leu (PGPL), on the expression of a number of genes in the IC and NC was studied 24 h after tMCAO. Both the PGP and PGPL peptides showed Semax-unlike effects, predominantly without changing gene expression 24 h after tMCAO. Moreover, there were IC genes (iL1b, iL6, and Socs3) for PGP, as well as IC (iL6, Ccl3, Socs3, and Fos) and NC genes (Cplx2, Neurod6, and Ptk2b) for PGPL, that significantly changed in expression levels after peptide administration compared to Semax treatment under tMCAO conditions. Furthermore, gene enrichment analysis was carried out, and a regulatory gene network was constructed. Thus, the spectra of the common and unique effects of the PGP, PGPL, and Semax peptides under ischemia-reperfusion were distinguished.},
}

@article {pmid36542350,
year = {2022},
author = {Rochkind, S and Ferraresi, S and Denisova, N and Garozzo, D and Heinen, C and Alimehmeti, R and Capone, C and Barone, DG and Zdunczyk, A and Pedro, MT and Antoniadis, G and Kaiser, R and Dubuisson, A and Pondaag, W and Kretschmer, T and Rasulic, L and Dengler, NF},
title = {Thoracic Outlet Syndrome Part II: Consensus on the Management of Neurogenic Thoracic Outlet Syndrome by the European Association of Neurosurgical Societies' Section of Peripheral Nerve Surgery.},
journal = {Neurosurgery},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1227/neu.0000000000002232},
pmid = {36542350},
issn = {1524-4040},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: In the first part of this report, the European Association of Neurosurgical Societies' section of peripheral nerve surgery presented a systematic literature review and consensus statements on anatomy, classification, and diagnosis of thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) along with a subclassification system of neurogenic TOS (nTOS). Because of the lack of level 1 evidence, especially regarding the management of nTOS, we now add a consensus statement on nTOS treatment among experienced neurosurgeons.

OBJECTIVE: To document consensus and controversy on nTOS management, with emphasis on timing and types of surgical and nonsurgical nTOS treatment, and to support patient counseling and clinical decision-making within the neurosurgical community.

METHODS: The literature available on PubMed/MEDLINE was systematically searched on February 13, 2021, and yielded 2853 results. Screening and classification of abstracts was performed. In an online meeting that was held on December 16, 2021, 14 recommendations on nTOS management were developed and refined in a group process according to the Delphi consensus method.

RESULTS: Five RCTs reported on management strategies in nTOS. Three prospective observational studies present outcomes after therapeutic interventions. Fourteen statements on nonsurgical nTOS treatment, timing, and type of surgical therapy were developed. Within our expert group, the agreement rate was high with a mean of 97.8% (± 0.04) for each statement, ranging between 86.7% and 100%.

CONCLUSION: Our work may help to improve clinical decision-making among the neurosurgical community and may guide nonspecialized or inexperienced neurosurgeons with initial patient management before patient referral to a specialized center.},
}

@article {pmid36520391,
year = {2023},
author = {Gorgé, O and Bennett, EA and Massilani, D and Daligault, J and Geigl, EM and Grange, T},
title = {Analysis of Ancient Microbial DNA.},
journal = {Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)},
volume = {2605},
number = {},
pages = {103-131},
pmid = {36520391},
issn = {1940-6029},
abstract = {The development of next-generation sequencing has led to a breakthrough in the analysis of ancient genomes, and the subsequent genomic analyses of ancient human skeletal remains have revolutionized our understanding of human evolution. This research led to the discovery of a new hominin lineage, and demonstrated multiple admixture events with more distantly related archaic human populations such as Neandertals and Denisovans over the last 100,000 years. Moreover, it has also yielded novel insights into the evolution of ancient pathogens. The analysis of ancient microbial genomes enables the study of their recent evolution, presently covering the last several millennia. These spectacular results have been obtained despite the degradation of DNA that takes place after the death of the host and increases with time. This cumulative degradation results in very short ancient DNA molecules, low in quantity, and highly prone to contamination by modern DNA molecules, especially from human and animal DNA present in reagents used in downstream biomolecular analyses. Finally, the minute amounts of ancient molecules are further diluted in environmental DNA from the soil microorganisms that colonize bones and teeth. Thus, ancient skeletal remains can share DNA profiles with environmental samples, and the identification of ancient microbial genomes among the more recent, presently poorly characterized, environmental microbiome is particularly challenging. Here, we describe the methods developed and/or in use in our laboratory to produce reliable and reproducible paleogenomic results from ancient skeletal remains that can be used to identify the presence of ancient microbiota.},
}

@article {pmid36509726,
year = {2022},
author = {Skryabin, GO and Vinokurova, SV and Elkina, NV and Denisova, DA and Beliaeva, AA and Zhordania, KI and Bagrov, DV and Enikeev, AD and Galetsky, SA and Komelkov, AV and Krasnoshekova, GI and Tchevkina, EM},
title = {Comparison of Methods for MicroRNA Isolation from Extracellular Vesicles Obtained from Ascitic Fluids.},
journal = {Biochemistry. Biokhimiia},
volume = {87},
number = {11},
pages = {1354-1366},
doi = {10.1134/S0006297922110141},
pmid = {36509726},
issn = {1608-3040},
abstract = {Secreted extracellular vesicles (EVs) contain active biomolecules, including miRNAs, composition of which reflects epigenetic changes occurring in cells during pathological processes, in particular, malignant transformation. The accumulated pool of data on the role of EVs in carcinogenesis has stimulated investigations of the EV-derived cancer markers. The most important factor limiting development of this scientific direction is lack of "gold standards" both for methods of EV isolation from biological fluids and for analyzing their molecular content, including composition of miRNAs. Here we first examined efficacy of various methods for small RNA isolation from EVs contained in ascitic fluid for subsequent miRNA analysis. Comparison of different commercial kits showed advantages of the methods based on phenol-chloroform extraction: Total Exosome RNA & Protein Isolation Kit and miRNeasy Serum/Plasma Kit. Analysis of the small RNA transcriptome showed presence of various classes of molecules in the EVs, among which proportion of miRNAs averaged 6% and reaching 10% with the Total Exosome RNA & Protein Isolation Kit. The PureLink miRNA Isolation Kit demonstrated the lowest efficiency. The miRNeasy Advanced Serum/Plasma Kit showed the highest concentration of the small RNA fraction, miRNA proportion of which, however, did not exceed that obtained with the miRNeasy Serum/Plasma Kit and Total Exosome RNA & Protein Isolation Kit. Moreover, RT-PCR analysis of the individual molecules showed lower levels of each of investigated miRNAs (miR-1246, miR-200b-5p, miR-200c-3p, and miR-23a-3p) when using the miRNeasy Advanced Serum/Plasma Kit. In conclusion, Total Exosome RNA & Protein Isolation Kit and miRNeasy Serum/Plasma Kit can be considered as optimal kits in terms of performance based on combination of the studied characteristics, including small RNA concentration, percentage of microRNA according to bioanalyzer and sequencing results, and levels of individual miRNAs detected by RT-PCR.},
}

@article {pmid36480515,
year = {2022},
author = {Vespasiani, DM and Jacobs, GS and Cook, LE and Brucato, N and Leavesley, M and Kinipi, C and Ricaut, FX and Cox, MP and Gallego Romero, I},
title = {Denisovan introgression has shaped the immune system of present-day Papuans.},
journal = {PLoS genetics},
volume = {18},
number = {12},
pages = {e1010470},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pgen.1010470},
pmid = {36480515},
issn = {1553-7404},
abstract = {Modern humans have admixed with multiple archaic hominins. Papuans, in particular, owe up to 5% of their genome to Denisovans, a sister group to Neanderthals whose remains have only been identified in Siberia and Tibet. Unfortunately, the biological and evolutionary significance of these introgression events remain poorly understood. Here we investigate the function of both Denisovan and Neanderthal alleles characterised within a set of 56 genomes from Papuan individuals. By comparing the distribution of archaic and non-archaic variants we assess the consequences of archaic admixture across a multitude of different cell types and functional elements. We observe an enrichment of archaic alleles within cis-regulatory elements and transcribed regions of the genome, with Denisovan variants strongly affecting elements active within immune-related cells. We identify 16,048 and 10,032 high-confidence Denisovan and Neanderthal variants that fall within annotated cis-regulatory elements and with the potential to alter the affinity of multiple transcription factors to their cognate DNA motifs, highlighting a likely mechanism by which introgressed DNA can impact phenotypes. Lastly, we experimentally validate these predictions by testing the regulatory potential of five Denisovan variants segregating within Papuan individuals, and find that two are associated with a significant reduction of transcriptional activity in plasmid reporter assays. Together, these data provide support for a widespread contribution of archaic DNA in shaping the present levels of modern human genetic diversity, with different archaic ancestries potentially affecting multiple phenotypic traits within non-Africans.},
}

@article {pmid36470093,
year = {2022},
author = {Morfouace, M and Horak, P and Kreutzfeldt, S and Stevovic, A and de Rojas, T and Denisova, E and Hutter, B and Bautista, F and Oliveira, J and Defachelles, AS and White, J and Kasper, B and Preusser, M and Golfinopoulos, V and Pfister, S and Van der Graaf, W and Wardelmann, E and Shenjere, P and Fröhling, S and McCabe, MG},
title = {Comprehensive molecular profiling of sarcomas in adolescent and young adult patients: Results of the EORTC SPECTA-AYA international proof-of-concept study.},
journal = {European journal of cancer (Oxford, England : 1990)},
volume = {178},
number = {},
pages = {216-226},
doi = {10.1016/j.ejca.2022.10.020},
pmid = {36470093},
issn = {1879-0852},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Adolescent and young adult (AYA) patients with cancer are poorly recruited to molecularly targeted trials and have not witnessed the advances in cancer treatment and survival seen in other age groups. We report here a pan-European proof-of-concept study to identify actionable alterations in some of the worst prognosis AYA cancers: bone and soft tissue sarcomas.

DESIGN: Patients aged 12-29 years with newly diagnosed or recurrent, intermediate or high-grade bone and soft tissue sarcomas were recruited from six European countries. Pathological diagnoses were centrally reviewed. Formalin-fixed tissues were analysed by whole exome sequencing, methylation profiling and RNA sequencing and were discussed in a multidisciplinary, international molecular tumour board.

RESULTS: Of 71 patients recruited, 48 (median 20 years, range 12-28) met eligibility criteria. Central pathological review confirmed, modified and re-classified the diagnosis in 41, 3, and 4 cases, respectively. Median turnaround time to discussion at molecular tumour board was 8.4 weeks. whole exome sequencing (n = 48), methylation profiling (n = 44, 85%) and RNA sequencing (n = 24, 50%) led to therapeutic recommendations for 81% patients, including 4 with germ line alterations. The most common were for agents targeted towards tyrosine kinases (n = 20 recommendations), DNA repair (n = 18) and the PI3K/mTOR/AKT pathway (n = 15). Recommendations were generally based on weak evidence such as activity in a different tumour type (n = 68, 61%), reflecting the dearth of relevant molecular clinical trial data in the same tumour type.

CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrate here that comprehensive molecular profiling of AYA patients' samples is feasible and deliverable in a European programme.},
}

@article {pmid36437327,
year = {2022},
author = {Tyrinova, TV and Batorov, EV and Aristova, TA and Ushakova, GY and Sizikova, SA and Denisova, VV and Ostanin, AA and Chernykh, ER},
title = {Expression of Inhibitory Molecules (Arginase-1, IDO, and PD-L1) by Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells in Multiple Myeloma Patients in Remission.},
journal = {Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine},
volume = {174},
number = {1},
pages = {71-75},
pmid = {36437327},
issn = {1573-8221},
abstract = {We studied suppressor potential of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) in multiple myeloma patients, including before and after mobilization of hematopoietic stem cells (HSC), by evaluating the expression of arginase-1 (Arg1), indolamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), and PD-L1 in MDSC subsets. The study included 20 multiple myeloma patients in remission, 5 patients with progression, as well as 10 sex-and age-matched healthy donors. The expression of Arg1, IDO, and PD-L1 in circulating granulocytic MDSC (G-MDSC, Lin[-]HLA-DR[-]CD33[+]CD66b[+]), monocytic MDSC (M-MDSC, CD14[+]HLA-DR[low/-]), and early-stage MDSC (E-MDSC, Lin[-]HLA-DR[-]CD33[+]CD66b[-]) was evaluated by flow cytometry. Multiple myeloma patients in remission were characterized by reduced expression of Arg1 in M-MDSC in comparison with donors. The expression of Arg1 in M-MDSC depended on the number of induction therapy lines performed and was significantly lower in patients who received ⩾2 lines and responded with remission. Patients with multiple myeloma progression (resistant to therapy) showed significantly increased expression of Arg1 and PD-L1 in M-MDSC, as well as increased expression of Arg1 in E-MDSC. After G-CSF-induced mobilization of HSC, the content of circulating Arg1-expressing M-MDSC increased significantly. Considering the presence of MDSC in apheresis products, MDSC suppressive activity is discussed as a factor affecting the outcomes of autologous HSC transplantation in multiple myeloma patients.},
}

@article {pmid36431772,
year = {2022},
author = {Šutka, A and Mežule, L and Denisova, V and Meier-Haack, J and Kulkarni, A and Bitina, S and Smits, K and Vihodceva, S},
title = {Straightforward Approach for Preparing Durable Antibacterial ZnO Nanoparticle Coatings on Flexible Substrates.},
journal = {Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {27},
number = {22},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/molecules27227672},
pmid = {36431772},
issn = {1420-3049},
mesh = {*Zinc Oxide/pharmacology/chemistry ; Polystyrenes ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology/chemistry ; Escherichia coli ; Polymers ; Solvents ; Toluene ; },
abstract = {Flexible antibacterial materials have gained utmost importance in protection from the distribution of bacteria and viruses due to the exceptional variety of applications. Herein, we demonstrate a readily scalable and rapid single-step approach for producing durable ZnO nanoparticle antibacterial coating on flexible polymer substrates at room temperature. Substrates used are polystyrene, poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) copolymer, poly(methyl methacrylate), polypropylene, high density polyethylene and a commercial acrylate type adhesive tape. The deposition was achieved by a spin-coating process using a slurry of ZnO nanoparticles in toluene. A stable modification layer was obtained when toluene was a solvent for the polymer substrates, namely polystyrene and poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate). These coatings show high antibacterial efficiency causing >5 log decrease in the viable counts of Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia. coli and Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus in 120 min. Even after tapping these coated surfaces 500 times, the antibacterial properties remained unchanged, showing that the coating obtained by the presented method is very robust. In contrast to the above findings, the coatings are unstable when toluene is not a solvent for the substrate.},
}

*Zinc Oxide/pharmacology/chemistry
Polystyrenes
Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology/chemistry
Escherichia coli
Polymers
Solvents
Toluene

@article {pmid36428967,
year = {2022},
author = {Perik-Zavodskii, R and Perik-Zavodskaia, O and Shevchenko, J and Denisova, V and Alrhmoun, S and Volynets, M and Tereshchenko, V and Zaitsev, K and Sennikov, S},
title = {Immune Transcriptome Study of Human Nucleated Erythroid Cells from Different Tissues by Single-Cell RNA-Sequencing.},
journal = {Cells},
volume = {11},
number = {22},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/cells11223537},
pmid = {36428967},
issn = {2073-4409},
mesh = {Adult ; Humans ; *Transcriptome/genetics ; Cell Count ; *Erythrocytes/metabolism ; Fetal Blood ; RNA/genetics/metabolism ; },
abstract = {Nucleated erythroid cells (NECs) are the precursors of erythrocytes. They can be found in various hematopoietic tissues or in the blood. Recently, they have been shown to be active players in immunosuppression through the synthesis of arginase-2 and reactive oxygen species. In this work, we studied NECs in adult bone marrow, umbilical cord blood, and foetal liver parenchyma using single-cell RNA sequencing and found that: (1) all studied NECs expressed the same set of genes, which was enriched in "GO biological process" immunity-related terms; (2) early and late NECs had differential expression of the genes associated with immunosuppression, cell cycle progression, apoptosis, and glycolysis; (3) NECs from different tissues of origin had differential expression of the genes associated with immunosuppression.},
}

Adult
Humans
*Transcriptome/genetics
Cell Count
*Erythrocytes/metabolism
Fetal Blood
RNA/genetics/metabolism

@article {pmid36375244,
year = {2022},
author = {Harvati, K and Reyes-Centeno, H},
title = {Evolution of Homo in the Middle and Late Pleistocene.},
journal = {Journal of human evolution},
volume = {173},
number = {},
pages = {103279},
doi = {10.1016/j.jhevol.2022.103279},
pmid = {36375244},
issn = {1095-8606},
mesh = {Animals ; Humans ; *Hominidae ; Phylogeny ; Biological Evolution ; Fossils ; *Neanderthals ; },
abstract = {The Middle and Late Pleistocene is arguably the most interesting period in human evolution. This broad period witnessed the evolution of our own lineage, as well as that of our sister taxon, the Neanderthals, and related Denisovans. It is exceptionally rich in both fossil and archaeological remains, and uniquely benefits from insights gained through molecular approaches, such as paleogenetics and paleoproteomics, that are currently not widely applicable in earlier contexts. This wealth of information paints a highly complex picture, often described as 'the Muddle in the Middle,' defying the common adage that 'more evidence is needed' to resolve it. Here we review competing phylogenetic scenarios and the historical and theoretical developments that shaped our approaches to the fossil record, as well as some of the many remaining open questions associated with this period. We propose that advancing our understanding of this critical time requires more than the addition of data and will necessitate a major shift in our conceptual and theoretical framework.},
}

Animals
Humans
*Hominidae
Phylogeny
Biological Evolution
Fossils
*Neanderthals

@article {pmid36373182,
year = {2022},
author = {Denisova, K and Lin, Z},
title = {The importance of low IQ to early diagnosis of autism.},
journal = {Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1002/aur.2842},
pmid = {36373182},
issn = {1939-3806},
support = {R01 MH121605/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States ; R01MH121605/NH/NIH HHS/United States ; },
abstract = {Some individuals can flexibly adapt to life's changing demands while others, in particular those with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), find it challenging. The origin of early individual differences in cognitive abilities, the putative tools with which to navigate novel information in life, including in infants later diagnosed with ASD remains unexplored. Moreover, the role of intelligence quotient (IQ) vis-à-vis core features of autism remains debated. We systematically investigate the contribution of early IQ in future autism outcomes in an extremely large, population-based study of 8000 newborns, infants, and toddlers from the US between 2 and 68 months with over 15,000 cross-sectional and longitudinal assessments, and for whom autism outcomes are ascertained or ruled out by about 2-4 years. This population is representative of subjects involved in the National Institutes of Health (NIH)-funded research, mainly on atypical development, in the US. Analyses using predetermined age bins showed that IQ scores are consistently lower in ASD relative to typically developing (TD) children at all ages (p < 0.001), and IQ significantly correlates with social, non-social, and total Calibrated Severity Scores (CSS) on the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS) (p<0.01). Lower IQ is associated with greater autistic impairments. Note, verbal IQ (VIQ) is no better than the full-scale IQ to predict ASD cases. These findings raise new, compelling questions about potential atypical brain circuitry affecting performance in both verbal and nonverbal abilities and preceding an ASD diagnosis. This study is the first to establish prospectively that low early IQ is a major feature of ASD in early childhood. LAY SUMMARY: The role of IQ scores in autism remains debated. We systematically investigate the contribution of early IQ in an extremely large study of 8,000 children between 2 and 68 months with autism outcomes by about 2-4 years. We show that IQ scores are consistently lower in ASD relative to TD children. This study is the first to establish prospectively that low early IQ is a predictor for ASD diagnosis in early childhood.},
}

@article {pmid36350902,
year = {2022},
author = {Steinberg, Y and Wieder, MS and Denisova, K and He, C and Parsikia, A and Mbekeani, JN},
title = {Evaluation of commotio retinae in orbital fractures.},
journal = {Arquivos brasileiros de oftalmologia},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.5935/0004-2749.2021-0456},
pmid = {36350902},
issn = {1678-2925},
abstract = {PURPOSE: This study aimed to evaluate the mechanisms of injury and types of orbital fractures and their relation to concurrent commotio retinae.

METHODS: This retrospective study evaluated the records of patients with orbital fractures whose diagnoses had been confirmed by computer tomography between July 2017 and September 2019. Patient demographics, the circumstances of injury, ophthalmic examination results, and radiological findings were tabulated. Statistical analysis of the data used two-tailed student's t-tests, chi-squared tests, and odds ratio calculations. Statistical significance was set at p<0.05.

RESULTS: Of the 204 patients with orbital fractures included in this study, 154 (75.5%) were male. The mean age was 42.1 years. Orbital fractures involving one orbital wall (58.8%) were more common than those affecting multiple walls (41.2%). The majority of fractures affected the inferior wall (60.3%), with the medial walls being the next most frequently affected (19.6%). The most common cause of injury was assault (59.3%), and the second most common was falls (24%). Commotio retinae was observed in 20.1% of orbital fracture cases and was most associated with injuries caused by assault (OR=5.22, p<0.001) and least associated with those caused by falls (OR=0.06, p<0.001). Eye movement restrictions were more common in central than peripheral commotio (OR=3.79, p=0.015) and with medial wall fractures than fractures to other orbital walls (OR=7.16, p<0.001). The odds of commotio were not found to be higher in patients with multi-walled orbital fractures than in those with single-walled fractures (p=0.967).

CONCLUSIONS: In the study population, assault was the most common cause of orbital fractures and resulted in commotio retinae than other causes. Ophthalmologists should be aware of the likelihood of commotio retinae in patients with orbital fractures resulting from assault, regardless of the extent of the patient's injuries.},
}

@article {pmid36344982,
year = {2022},
author = {Koller, D and Wendt, FR and Pathak, GA and De Lillo, A and De Angelis, F and Cabrera-Mendoza, B and Tucci, S and Polimanti, R},
title = {Denisovan and Neanderthal archaic introgression differentially impacted the genetics of complex traits in modern populations.},
journal = {BMC biology},
volume = {20},
number = {1},
pages = {249},
pmid = {36344982},
issn = {1741-7007},
support = {F32 MH122058/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States ; R21 DC018098/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/United States ; R33 DA047527/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Humans ; Animals ; *Neanderthals/genetics ; Multifactorial Inheritance ; Genome-Wide Association Study ; Genome, Human ; Asians ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Introgression from extinct Neanderthal and Denisovan human species has been shown to contribute to the genetic pool of modern human populations and their phenotypic spectrum. Evidence of how Neanderthal introgression shaped the genetics of human traits and diseases has been extensively studied in populations of European descent, with signatures of admixture reported for instance in genes associated with pigmentation, immunity, and metabolic traits. However, limited information is currently available about the impact of archaic introgression on other ancestry groups. Additionally, to date, no study has been conducted with respect to the impact of Denisovan introgression on the health and disease of modern populations. Here, we compare the way evolutionary pressures shaped the genetics of complex traits in East Asian and European populations, and provide evidence of the impact of Denisovan introgression on the health of East Asian and Central/South Asian populations.

RESULTS: Leveraging genome-wide association statistics from the Biobank Japan and UK Biobank, we assessed whether Denisovan and Neanderthal introgression together with other evolutionary genomic signatures were enriched for the heritability of physiological and pathological conditions in populations of East Asian and European descent. In EAS, Denisovan-introgressed loci were enriched for coronary artery disease heritability (1.69-fold enrichment, p=0.003). No enrichment for archaic introgression was observed in EUR. We also performed a phenome-wide association study of Denisovan and Neanderthal alleles in six ancestry groups available in the UK Biobank. In EAS, the Denisovan-introgressed SNP rs62391664 in the major histocompatibility complex region was associated with albumin/globulin ratio (beta=-0.17, p=3.57×10[-7]). Neanderthal-introgressed alleles were associated with psychiatric and cognitive traits in EAS (e.g., "No Bipolar or Depression"-rs79043717 beta=-1.5, p=1.1×10[-7]), and with blood biomarkers (e.g., alkaline phosphatase-rs11244089 beta=0.1, p=3.69×10[-116]) and red hair color (rs60733936 beta=-0.86, p=4.49×10[-165]) in EUR. In the other ancestry groups, Neanderthal alleles were associated with several traits, also including the use of certain medications (e.g., Central/South East Asia: indapamide - rs732632 beta=-2.38, p=5.22×10[-7]).

CONCLUSIONS: Our study provides novel evidence regarding the impact of archaic introgression on the genetics of complex traits in worldwide populations, highlighting the specific contribution of Denisovan introgression in EAS populations.},
}

Humans
Animals
*Neanderthals/genetics
Multifactorial Inheritance
Genome-Wide Association Study
Genome, Human
Asians

@article {pmid36341799,
year = {2023},
author = {Onishchenko, G and Nikolayeva, N and Rakitskii, V and Ilnitskaya, A and Filin, A and Korolev, A and Nikitenko, E and Denisova, E and Tsakalof, A and Guseva, E and Kuzmin, S and Tsatsakis, A},
title = {Comprehensive study of health effects of plasma technology occupational environment: Exposure to high frequency and intensity noise and toxic gases.},
journal = {Environmental research},
volume = {216},
number = {Pt 3},
pages = {114691},
doi = {10.1016/j.envres.2022.114691},
pmid = {36341799},
issn = {1096-0953},
mesh = {Rats ; Animals ; Male ; Microcirculation ; Rats, Wistar ; *Ozone/toxicity ; Noise ; Technology ; },
abstract = {OBJECTIVES: To evaluate on animal models the health effects of the combined or separate exposure to main chemical and physical hazards of plasma-based material processing technology environment.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Male Wistar rats were exposed to actual levels of hazardous factors in plasma technology occupational environment: i.e., ozone and nitrogen oxides (O3 and NOx) in respective concentrations of 0.5 mg/m[3] and 1.0 mg/m[3] and high-frequency (1000-1600 Hz) of 112 dB intensity noise for 3 h/day, 5 days/week for 12 weeks, with a recovery period of 1 month.

RESULTS: Exposure to noise or its combination with chemical factors (ozone, nitrogen oxides) causes non-specific CNS changes testifying for significant excitation dominance, especially in the case of joint exposure. Histological examination of rats' brain in experimental revealed a pronounced increase in blood filling of small vessels on the tenth day of the experiment, with subsequent intensification of vascular alterations and eventually to cerebral edema. The exposure to noise significantly reduced total thymus, bone marrow and spleen cell numbers and these was also more pronounced under the joint impact of noise and toxic gases. Thymus, but not bone marrow or spleen, mitotic activity was as well reduced under the same modes of exposure. Cytological investigation of film preparations of subcutaneous connective tissue revealed that joint exposure led to microcirculatory disorders, increased number of dark mast cells and reduced degranulation processes indicative of increased autoregulatory processes effective at microvasculature level.

CONCLUSIONS: High-frequency and intensity noise is main stressor factor that has negative impact on CNS and immune system, morphology and functioning of hematopoietic organs (spleen, bone marrow, thymus) and connective tissue. Its negative impact is significantly potentiated by concurrent exposure to ozone and nitrogen oxide, while exposure only to these toxic gases has no significant effect on the above targets.},
}

Rats
Animals
Male
Microcirculation
Rats, Wistar
*Ozone/toxicity
Noise
Technology

@article {pmid36322514,
year = {2022},
author = {Campelo Dos Santos, AL and Owings, A and Sullasi, HSL and Gokcumen, O and DeGiorgio, M and Lindo, J},
title = {Genomic evidence for ancient human migration routes along South America's Atlantic coast.},
journal = {Proceedings. Biological sciences},
volume = {289},
number = {1986},
pages = {20221078},
pmid = {36322514},
issn = {1471-2954},
support = {R35 GM128590/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Humans ; History, Ancient ; Animals ; *Human Migration ; Genomics ; Genome, Human ; *Neanderthals ; Brazil ; },
abstract = {An increasing body of archaeological and genomic evidence has hinted at a complex settlement process of the Americas by humans. This is especially true for South America, where unexpected ancestral signals have raised perplexing scenarios for the early migrations into different regions of the continent. Here, we present ancient human genomes from the archaeologically rich Northeast Brazil and compare them to ancient and present-day genomic data. We find a distinct relationship between ancient genomes from Northeast Brazil, Lagoa Santa, Uruguay and Panama, representing evidence for ancient migration routes along South America's Atlantic coast. To further add to the existing complexity, we also detect greater Denisovan than Neanderthal ancestry in ancient Uruguay and Panama individuals. Moreover, we find a strong Australasian signal in an ancient genome from Panama. This work sheds light on the deep demographic history of eastern South America and presents a starting point for future fine-scale investigations on the regional level.},
}

Humans
History, Ancient
Animals
*Human Migration
Genomics
Genome, Human
*Neanderthals
Brazil

@article {pmid36286923,
year = {2022},
author = {Denisova, AR and Solntseva, TD and Zarmanbetova, AS and Tkacheva, AA and Sivakova, OA and Chazova, IЕ},
title = {[The incidence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular complications in patients with uncontrolled hypertension].},
journal = {Terapevticheskii arkhiv},
volume = {94},
number = {1},
pages = {94-99},
doi = {10.26442/00403660.2022.01.201395},
pmid = {36286923},
issn = {0040-3660},
mesh = {Humans ; *Ischemic Attack, Transient/epidemiology/etiology ; Incidence ; *Hypertension/complications/epidemiology/drug therapy ; Blood Pressure ; *Myocardial Infarction/complications ; *Stroke/etiology/complications ; Antihypertensive Agents/pharmacology ; },
abstract = {AIM: To assess the incidence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events in patients with controlled and uncontrolled hypertension, controlled resistant and uncontrolled resistant hypertension, refractory hypertension, and probably resistant and probably refractory hypertension.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: A telephone call was made to 256 patients with hypertension included in the database to assess the incidence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. All responding patients were divided into 7 groups according to the classification of hypertension based on the achievement/non-achievement of target blood pressure values and the number of drugs taken (controlled and uncontrolled hypertension, controlled resistant and uncontrolled resistant hypertension, refractory hypertension, and probably resistant and probably refractory hypertension). The target blood pressure was considered to be less than 140/90 mm Hg. Patients not adhering to medication were not included in the analysis.

RESULTS: The group of controlled hypertension included 146 (57%) patients out of 256, controlled resistant hypertension 36 (14%) patients, uncontrolled hypertension 6 (2.3%) patients, resistant uncontrolled hypertension 22 (8.6%) patients, refractory hypertension 31 (12.1%) patients. The group of probably resistant hypertension 6 (2.3%) patients, probably refractory hypertension 9 (3.5%) patients. Of the 28 events that occurred, 6 were attributed to coronary artery disease (including 3 acute myocardial infarction and 2 coronary artery stenting), 3 strokes, 6 episodes of transient ischemic attack and 10 new cases of atrial fibrillation, and 2 patients had sudden cardiac death. Significantly more often, patients with refractory hypertension developed any event compared with patients with controlled (38.7% versus 3.4%; p=0.005) and resistant hypertension (38.7% versus 13.6%; p=0.04). Also, patients from the group of probably refractory hypertension were more likely to develop events than patients with controlled hypertension (33.3% versus 3.4%; p=0.045). Patients with probably refractory hypertension significantly more often had a stroke than patients with controlled hypertension (22.2% versus 0%; p0.05), and patients with refractory hypertension significantly more often had a transient ischemic attack compared with patients from the group of controlled hypertension (12.9% versus 0.7%; p=0.03).

CONCLUSION: Patients with refractory and probably refractory hypertension are significantly more likely to develop cardiovascular and cerebrovascular complications than patients with controlled hypertension.},
}

Humans
*Ischemic Attack, Transient/epidemiology/etiology
Incidence
*Hypertension/complications/epidemiology/drug therapy
Blood Pressure
*Myocardial Infarction/complications
*Stroke/etiology/complications
Antihypertensive Agents/pharmacology

@article {pmid36286869,
year = {2021},
author = {Solntseva, TD and Denisova, AR and Sivakova, OA and Danilov, NM and Pevzner, DV and Chazova, IE},
title = {[The clinical case of successful combined treatment of refractory arterial hypertension. Case report].},
journal = {Terapevticheskii arkhiv},
volume = {93},
number = {9},
pages = {1086-1090},
doi = {10.26442/00403660.2021.09.201035},
pmid = {36286869},
issn = {0040-3660},
mesh = {Humans ; *Antihypertensive Agents/therapeutic use ; *Hypertension/diagnosis/drug therapy ; Blood Pressure ; Kidney ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Sympathectomy ; Treatment Outcome ; },
abstract = {In recent years, there has been an increase of patients with arterial hypertension, one of the variants of which is refractory arterial hypertension. This unfavorable clinical variant of the course of hypertension worries clinicians, due to the higher risk of developing cardiovascular complications, realizing the need for a better control of blood pressure. The presented clinical case demonstrates the successful combined treatment of refractory hypertension using antihypertensive therapy and renal denervation.},
}

Humans
*Antihypertensive Agents/therapeutic use
*Hypertension/diagnosis/drug therapy
Blood Pressure
Kidney
Combined Modality Therapy
Sympathectomy
Treatment Outcome

@article {pmid36253794,
year = {2022},
author = {Bergman, J and Schierup, MH},
title = {Evolutionary dynamics of pseudoautosomal region 1 in humans and great apes.},
journal = {Genome biology},
volume = {23},
number = {1},
pages = {215},
pmid = {36253794},
issn = {1474-760X},
mesh = {Animals ; Female ; *Hominidae/genetics ; Humans ; Male ; Nucleotides ; *Pseudoautosomal Regions ; Receptor, PAR-1/genetics ; Y Chromosome/genetics ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The pseudoautosomal region 1 (PAR1) is a 2.7 Mb telomeric region of human sex chromosomes. PAR1 has a crucial role in ensuring proper segregation of sex chromosomes during male meiosis, exposing it to extreme recombination and mutation processes. We investigate PAR1 evolution using population genomic datasets of extant humans, eight populations of great apes, and two archaic human genome sequences.

RESULTS: We find that PAR1 is fast evolving and closer to evolutionary nucleotide equilibrium than autosomal telomeres. We detect a difference between substitution patterns and extant diversity in PAR1, mainly driven by the conflict between strong mutation and recombination-associated fixation bias at CpG sites. We detect excess C-to-G mutations in PAR1 of all great apes, specific to the mutagenic effect of male recombination. Despite recent evidence for Y chromosome introgression from humans into Neanderthals, we find that the Neanderthal PAR1 retained similarity to the Denisovan sequence. We find differences between substitution spectra of these archaics suggesting rapid evolution of PAR1 in recent hominin history. Frequency analysis of alleles segregating in females and males provided no evidence for recent sexual antagonism in this region. We study repeat content and double-strand break hotspot regions in PAR1 and find that they may play roles in ensuring the obligate X-Y recombination event during male meiosis.

CONCLUSIONS: Our study provides an unprecedented quantification of population genetic forces governing PAR1 biology across extant and extinct hominids. PAR1 evolutionary dynamics are predominantly governed by recombination processes with a strong impact on mutation patterns across all species.},
}

Animals
Female
*Hominidae/genetics
Humans
Male
Nucleotides
*Pseudoautosomal Regions
Receptor, PAR-1/genetics
Y Chromosome/genetics

@article {pmid36181428,
year = {2022},
author = {Huang, X and Kruisz, P and Kuhlwilm, M},
title = {sstar: A Python Package for Detecting Archaic Introgression from Population Genetic Data with S.},
journal = {Molecular biology and evolution},
volume = {39},
number = {11},
pages = {},
pmid = {36181428},
issn = {1537-1719},
mesh = {Humans ; Animals ; *Genome, Human ; *Neanderthals/genetics ; Genetics, Population ; },
abstract = {S* is a widely used statistic for detecting archaic admixture from population genetic data. Previous studies used freezing-archer to apply S*, which is only directly applicable to the specific case of Neanderthal and Denisovan introgression in Papuans. Here, we implemented sstar for a more general purpose. Compared with several tools, including SPrime, SkovHMM, and ArchaicSeeker2.0, for detecting introgressed fragments with simulations, our results suggest that sstar is robust to differences in demographic models, including ghost introgression and two-source introgression. We believe sstar will be a useful tool for detecting introgressed fragments in various scenarios and in non-human species.},
}

Humans
Animals
*Genome, Human
*Neanderthals/genetics
Genetics, Population

@article {pmid36136946,
year = {2022},
author = {Denisova, NN and Keshabyants, EE and Martinchik, AN},
title = {[Analysis of the diet and food structure of the daily diet of children aged 3-17 years in the Russian Federation].},
journal = {Voprosy pitaniia},
volume = {91},
number = {4},
pages = {54-63},
doi = {10.33029/0042-8833-2022-91-4-54-63},
pmid = {36136946},
issn = {0042-8833},
mesh = {Adolescent ; Child ; *Diet ; *Energy Intake ; Feeding Behavior ; Humans ; Meals ; Nutritional Status ; Sugars ; },
abstract = {A healthy diet is a necessary condition for the normal physical and mental development of children, which has a significant impact on the ability to withstand the effects of adverse environmental factors and determines the health of future generations. Healthy nutrition of children and adolescents is important not only for the normal physical and mental development of the child, but also as a factor determining the health of future generations. It is important for the preservation of the child's health to have a proper diet, that is, the distribution of the amount of food during the day (the multiplicity of meals), its energy value, chemical composition, food set for individual meals, a certain time of intake and the duration of intervals between meals. The aim of the study - to analyze the diet, nutrient and energy consumption and the structure of the food set of various meals in children aged 3-17 years. Material and methods. Analysis of the actual nutrition of about 18 000 children on the basis of primary materials obtained by the Federal State Statistics Service during the Selective observation of the diets of the population. Results. An analysis of nutrition of children aged 3-17 showed that the majority of children (67.9%) had three main meals with a hot meal (breakfast, lunch, dinner), while they accounted for the largest amounts of energy consumption in all age groups. Supplementary meals (evening snack and second breakfast) were characterized by the lowest calorie value, the afternoon snack occupied an intermediate position in terms of energy consumption. At the same time, energy consumption with the main meals as a % of the daily calorie intake did not correspond to the recommended values. A shift in energy consumption to the second half of the day, including just before bedtime, was revealed, especially in older children, which is a bad eating habit that can contribute to weight gain in a child. Bread products, cereals and cereal dishes made the greatest contribution to the daily calorie intake of children of all ages (32.4- 33.0%). Meat products occupied the second position in the share of daily calorie content (12.8-21.2%), dairy products provided 9.5-14.0% of daily energy, and among preschoolers their consumption, in contrast to meat products, was the highest, and among older schoolchildren - the lowest. An additional 8.3 to 14.9% of energy came from sugars found in non-dairy drinks, confectionery, chocolate, jams, and other sweets. Conclusion. An analysis of the diet and food structure of the daily ration of children aged 3-17 revealed deviations from the principles of healthy eating, especially in schoolchildren: energy consumption with the main meals did not meet the recommended norms, a significant proportion of the calorie intake fell on the second half of the day. Differences in the contribution of meals, as well as individual foods and dishes, to the total daily calorie value of diets in children, depending on age, have been established.},
}

Adolescent
Child
*Diet
*Energy Intake
Feeding Behavior
Humans
Meals
Nutritional Status
Sugars

@article {pmid36118278,
year = {2022},
author = {Gliagias, V and Denisova, K and Kang, JJ},
title = {A child with dendritiform eye lesions and developmental delay.},
journal = {American journal of ophthalmology case reports},
volume = {28},
number = {},
pages = {101701},
pmid = {36118278},
issn = {2451-9936},
abstract = {PURPOSE: Tyrosinemia Type II (Richner-Hanhart syndrome) is a rare autosomal recessive disease that occurs due to deficiency in the enzyme tyrosine aminotransferase and can result in an ulcerated keratitis. We present a case of a young patient with oculocutaneous tyrosinemia despite a negative newborn screen.

OBSERVATIONS: A 15 month old boy with an uncomplicated birth history and negative newborn screen presented with a unilateral central irregular epithelial defect and hyperkeratotic lesions on his fingertips and soles. A month later, the patient developed bilateral dendritiform epithelial erosions. Following a series of antiviral, antibiotic, and lubricating treatments, there was a waxing and waning course of epithelial healing. After the patient was lost to follow up for one year, the patient presented with a new global developmental delay prompting further workup. Tyrosine and phenylalanine levels were ordered which confirmed a diagnosis of Tyrosinemia Type II, and the patient was started on a low-protein diet. A month later, the patient's epithelial defects and ocular symptoms were resolved.

CONCLUSION AND IMPORTANCE: Presentation of a dendritiform epithelial erosion, whether unilateral or bilateral, accompanied by symptoms of developmental delay and palmoplantar hyperkeratotic lesions should prompt measurement of tyrosine and phenylalanine levels. As dermatologic lesions and variable developmental delay may not appear until later in the course of disease, diagnosis may depend on early recognition of ocular signs and symptoms even with negative newborn screening. Prompt diagnosis and diet modification is necessary to prevent developmental delay in this disease. To our knowledge, this is the first Tyrosinemia Type II case in the literature manifesting as an asynchronous bilateral eye disease.},
}

@article {pmid36064759,
year = {2022},
author = {Harvati, K and Ackermann, RR},
title = {Merging morphological and genetic evidence to assess hybridization in Western Eurasian late Pleistocene hominins.},
journal = {Nature ecology & evolution},
volume = {6},
number = {10},
pages = {1573-1585},
pmid = {36064759},
issn = {2397-334X},
mesh = {Animals ; DNA, Ancient ; Fossils ; *Hominidae/anatomy & histology/genetics ; Humans ; Hybridization, Genetic ; Mammals/genetics ; *Neanderthals/genetics ; },
abstract = {Previous scientific consensus saw human evolution as defined by adaptive differences (behavioural and/or biological) and the emergence of Homo sapiens as the ultimate replacement of non-modern groups by a modern, adaptively more competitive group. However, recent research has shown that the process underlying our origins was considerably more complex. While archaeological and fossil evidence suggests that behavioural complexity may not be confined to the modern human lineage, recent palaeogenomic work shows that gene flow between distinct lineages (for example, Neanderthals, Denisovans, early H. sapiens) occurred repeatedly in the late Pleistocene, probably contributing elements to our genetic make-up that might have been crucial to our success as a diverse, adaptable species. Following these advances, the prevailing human origins model has shifted from one of near-complete replacement to a more nuanced view of partial replacement with considerable reticulation. Here we provide a brief introduction to the current genetic evidence for hybridization among hominins, its prevalence in, and effects on, comparative mammal groups, and especially how it manifests in the skull. We then explore the degree to which cranial variation seen in the fossil record of late Pleistocene hominins from Western Eurasia corresponds with our current genetic and comparative data. We are especially interested in understanding the degree to which skeletal data can reflect admixture. Our findings indicate some correspondence between these different lines of evidence, flag individual fossils as possibly admixed, and suggest that different cranial regions may preserve hybridization signals differentially. We urge further studies of the phenotype to expand our ability to detect the ways in which migration, interaction and genetic exchange have shaped the human past, beyond what is currently visible with the lens of ancient DNA.},
}

Animals
DNA, Ancient
Fossils
*Hominidae/anatomy & histology/genetics
Humans
Hybridization, Genetic
Mammals/genetics
*Neanderthals/genetics

@article {pmid36044840,
year = {2022},
author = {Kaczanowska, J and Ganglberger, F and Chernomor, O and Kargl, D and Galik, B and Hess, A and Moodley, Y and von Haeseler, A and Bühler, K and Haubensak, W},
title = {Molecular archaeology of human cognitive traits.},
journal = {Cell reports},
volume = {40},
number = {9},
pages = {111287},
doi = {10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111287},
pmid = {36044840},
issn = {2211-1247},
mesh = {Animals ; Archaeology ; Cognition/physiology ; Evolution, Molecular ; Genome, Human ; *Hominidae/genetics ; Humans ; Mammals ; *Neanderthals/genetics ; Phenotype ; },
abstract = {The brains and minds of our human ancestors remain inaccessible for experimental exploration. Therefore, we reconstructed human cognitive evolution by projecting nonsynonymous/synonymous rate ratios (ω values) in mammalian phylogeny onto the anatomically modern human (AMH) brain. This atlas retraces human neurogenetic selection and allows imputation of ancestral evolution in task-related functional networks (FNs). Adaptive evolution (high ω values) is associated with excitatory neurons and synaptic function. It shifted from FNs for motor control in anthropoid ancestry (60-41 mya) to attention in ancient hominoids (26-19 mya) and hominids (19-7.4 mya). Selection in FNs for language emerged with an early hominin ancestor (7.4-1.7 mya) and was later accompanied by adaptive evolution in FNs for strategic thinking during recent (0.8 mya-present) speciation of AMHs. This pattern mirrors increasingly complex cognitive demands and suggests that co-selection for language alongside strategic thinking may have separated AMHs from their archaic Denisovan and Neanderthal relatives.},
}

Animals
Archaeology
Cognition/physiology
Evolution, Molecular
Genome, Human
*Hominidae/genetics
Humans
Mammals
*Neanderthals/genetics
Phenotype

@article {pmid35963891,
year = {2022},
author = {Denisova, OV and Merisaari, J and Kaur, A and Yetukuri, L and Jumppanen, M and von Schantz-Fant, C and Ohlmeyer, M and Wennerberg, K and Aittokallio, T and Taipale, M and Westermarck, J},
title = {Development of actionable targets of multi-kinase inhibitors (AToMI) screening platform to dissect kinase targets of staurosporines in glioblastoma cells.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {12},
number = {1},
pages = {13796},
pmid = {35963891},
issn = {2045-2322},
mesh = {*Antineoplastic Agents ; *Glioblastoma/drug therapy ; Humans ; Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Protein Phosphatase 2 ; Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Acetyl-Transferring Kinase ; Staurosporine/pharmacology ; },
abstract = {Therapeutic resistance to kinase inhibitors constitutes a major unresolved clinical challenge in cancer and especially in glioblastoma. Multi-kinase inhibitors may be used for simultaneous targeting of multiple target kinases and thereby potentially overcome kinase inhibitor resistance. However, in most cases the identification of the target kinases mediating therapeutic effects of multi-kinase inhibitors has been challenging. To tackle this important problem, we developed an actionable targets of multi-kinase inhibitors (AToMI) strategy and used it for characterization of glioblastoma target kinases of staurosporine derivatives displaying synergy with protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) reactivation. AToMI consists of interchangeable modules combining drug-kinase interaction assay, siRNA high-throughput screening, bioinformatics analysis, and validation screening with more selective target kinase inhibitors. As a result, AToMI analysis revealed AKT and mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase PDK1 and PDK4 as kinase targets of staurosporine derivatives UCN-01, CEP-701, and K252a that synergized with PP2A activation across heterogeneous glioblastoma cells. Based on these proof-of-principle results, we propose that the application and further development of AToMI for clinically applicable multi-kinase inhibitors could provide significant benefits in overcoming the challenge of lack of knowledge of the target specificity of multi-kinase inhibitors.},
}

*Antineoplastic Agents
*Glioblastoma/drug therapy
Humans
Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology/therapeutic use
Protein Phosphatase 2
Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Acetyl-Transferring Kinase
Staurosporine/pharmacology

@article {pmid35927700,
year = {2022},
author = {Lee, B and Cyrill, SL and Lee, W and Melchiotti, R and Andiappan, AK and Poidinger, M and Rötzschke, O},
title = {Analysis of archaic human haplotypes suggests that 5hmC acts as an epigenetic guide for NCO recombination.},
journal = {BMC biology},
volume = {20},
number = {1},
pages = {173},
pmid = {35927700},
issn = {1741-7007},
mesh = {Alleles ; CpG Islands ; *DNA Methylation ; *Epigenesis, Genetic ; Haplotypes ; Humans ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Non-crossover (NCO) refers to a mechanism of homologous recombination in which short tracks of DNA are copied between homologue chromatids. The allelic changes are typically restricted to one or few SNPs, which potentially allow for the gradual adaptation and maturation of haplotypes. It is assumed to be a stochastic process but the analysis of archaic and modern human haplotypes revealed a striking variability in local NCO recombination rates.

METHODS: NCO recombination rates of 1.9 million archaic SNPs shared with Denisovan hominids were defined by a linkage study and correlated with functional and genomic annotations as well as ChIP-Seq data from modern humans.

RESULTS: We detected a strong correlation between NCO recombination rates and the function of the respective region: low NCO rates were evident in introns and quiescent intergenic regions but high rates in splice sites, exons, 5'- and 3'-UTRs, as well as CpG islands. Correlations with ChIP-Seq data from ENCODE and other public sources further identified epigenetic modifications that associated directly with these recombination events. A particularly strong association was observed for 5-hydroxymethylcytosine marks (5hmC), which were enriched in virtually all of the functional regions associated with elevated NCO rates, including CpG islands and 'poised' bivalent regions.

CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that 5hmC marks may guide the NCO machinery specifically towards functionally relevant regions and, as an intermediate of oxidative demethylation, may open a pathway for environmental influence by specifically targeting recently opened gene loci.},
}

Alleles
CpG Islands
*DNA Methylation
*Epigenesis, Genetic
Haplotypes
Humans

@article {pmid35893329,
year = {2022},
author = {Deņisova, A and Pilmane, M and Fedirko, P},
title = {Glycosaminoglycan, Antimicrobial Defence Molecule and Cytokine Appearance in Tracheal Hyaline Cartilage of Healthy Humans.},
journal = {Journal of functional morphology and kinesiology},
volume = {7},
number = {3},
pages = {},
pmid = {35893329},
issn = {2411-5142},
abstract = {Hyaline cartilage is an important tracheal structure, yet little is known about its molecular composition, complicating investigation of pathologies and replacement options. Our aim was to research tracheal hyaline cartilage structure, protective tissue factors and variations in healthy humans. The tissue material was obtained from 10 cadavers obtained from the Riga Stradins University Institute of Anatomy and Anthropology archive. Tissues were stained with Bismarck brown and PAS for glycosaminoglycans, and immunohistochemistry was performed for HBD-2, HBD-3, HBD-4, IL-10 and LL-37. The slides were inspected by light microscopy and Spearman's rank correlation coefficient was calculated. The extracellular matrix was positive across hyaline cartilage for PAS, yet Bismarck brown marked positive proliferation and growth zones. Numerous positive cells for both factors were found in all zones. All of the antimicrobial defence molecules and cytokines were found in a moderate number of cells, except in the mature cell zone with few positive cells. Spearman's rank correlation coefficient revealed strong and moderate correlations between studied factors. Hyaline cartilage is a tracheal defence structure with a moderate number of antimicrobial defence protein and cytokine immunoreactive cells as well as numerous glycosaminoglycan positive cells. The extracellular matrix glycosaminoglycans provide structural scaffolding and intercellular signalling. The correlations between the studied factors confirm the synergistic activity of them.},
}

@article {pmid35893070,
year = {2022},
author = {Perik-Zavodskii, R and Perik-Zavodskaya, O and Shevchenko, Y and Denisova, V and Nazarov, K and Obleuhova, I and Zaitsev, K and Sennikov, S},
title = {Immune Transcriptome and Secretome Differ between Human CD71+ Erythroid Cells from Adult Bone Marrow and Fetal Liver Parenchyma.},
journal = {Genes},
volume = {13},
number = {8},
pages = {},
pmid = {35893070},
issn = {2073-4425},
mesh = {Adult ; *Arginase ; *Bone Marrow ; Erythroid Cells ; Humans ; Liver ; RNA, Messenger ; Secretome ; Transcriptome ; },
abstract = {CD71+ erythroid cells (CECs) were only known as erythrocyte progenitors not so long ago. In present times, however, they have been shown to be active players in immune regulation, especially in immunosuppression by the means of ROS, arginase-1 and arginase-2 production. Here, we uncover organ-of-origin differences in cytokine gene expression using NanoString and protein production using Bio-Plex between CECs from healthy human adult bone marrow and from human fetal liver parenchyma. Namely, healthy human adult bone marrow CECs both expressed and produced IFN-a, IL-1b, IL-8, IL-18 and MIF mRNA and protein, while human fetal liver parenchymaCECs expressed and produced IFN-a, IL15, IL18 and TNF-b mRNA and protein. We also detected TLR2 and TLR9 gene expression in both varieties of CECs and TLR1 and NOD2 gene expression in human fetal liver parenchymaCECs only. These observations suggest that there might be undiscovered roles in immune response for CECs.},
}

Adult
*Arginase
*Bone Marrow
Erythroid Cells
Humans
Liver
RNA, Messenger
Secretome
Transcriptome

@article {pmid35884376,
year = {2022},
author = {Skryabin, GO and Vinokurova, SV and Galetsky, SA and Elkin, DS and Senkovenko, AM and Denisova, DA and Komelkov, AV and Stilidi, IS and Peregorodiev, IN and Malikhova, OA and Imaraliev, OT and Enikeev, AD and Tchevkina, EM},
title = {Isolation and Characterization of Extracellular Vesicles from Gastric Juice.},
journal = {Cancers},
volume = {14},
number = {14},
pages = {},
pmid = {35884376},
issn = {2072-6694},
abstract = {EVs are involved in local and distant intercellular communication and play a vital role in cancer development. Since EVs have been found in almost all body fluids, there are currently active attempts for their application in liquid diagnostics. Blood is the most commonly used source of EVs for the screening of cancer markers, although the percentage of tumor-derived EVs in the blood is extremely low. In contrast, GJ, as a local biofluid, is expected to be enriched with GC-associated EVs. However, EVs from GJ have never been applied for the screening and are underinvestigated overall. Here we show that EVs can be isolated from GJ by ultracentrifugation. TEM analysis showed high heterogeneity of GJ-derived EVs, including those with exosome-like size and morphology. In addition to morphological diversity, EVs from individual GJ samples differed in the composition of exosomal markers. We also show the presence of stomatin within GJ-derived EVs for the first time. The first conducted comparison of miRNA content in EVs from GC patients and healthy donors performed using a pilot sampling revealed the significant differences in several miRNAs (-135b-3p, -199a-3p, -451a). These results demonstrate the feasibility of the application of GJ-derived EVs for screening for miRNA GC markers.},
}

@article {pmid35880026,
year = {2022},
author = {Brucato, N and André, M and Hudjashov, G and Mondal, M and Cox, MP and Leavesley, M and Ricaut, FX},
title = {Chronology of natural selection in Oceanian genomes.},
journal = {iScience},
volume = {25},
number = {7},
pages = {104583},
pmid = {35880026},
issn = {2589-0042},
abstract = {As human populations left Asia to first settle in Oceania around 50,000 years ago, they entered a territory ecologically separated from the Old World for millions of years. We analyzed genomic data of 239 modern Oceanian individuals to detect and date signals of selection specific to this region. Combining both relative and absolute dating approaches, we identified a strong selection pattern between 52,000 and 54,000 years ago in the genomes of descendants of the first settlers of Sahul. This strikingly corresponds to the dates of initial settlement as inferred from archaeological evidence. Loci under selection during this period, some showing enrichment in Denisovan ancestry, overlap genes involved in the immune response and diet, especially based on plants. Pathogens and natural resources, especially from endemic plants, therefore appear to have acted as strong selective pressures on the genomes of the first settlers of Sahul.},
}

@article {pmid35877346,
year = {2022},
author = {Denisova, KR and Orlov, NA and Yakimov, SA and Kirpichnikov, MP and Feofanov, AV and Nekrasova, OV},
title = {Atto488-Agitoxin 2-A Fluorescent Ligand with Increased Selectivity for Kv1.3 Channel Binding Site.},
journal = {Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {9},
number = {7},
pages = {},
pmid = {35877346},
issn = {2306-5354},
abstract = {Fluorescently labeled peptide blockers of ion channels are useful probes in studying the localization and functioning of the channels and in the performance of a search for new channel ligands with bioengineering screening systems. Here, we report on the properties of Atto488-agitoxin 2 (A-AgTx2), a derivative of the Kv1 channel blocker agitoxin 2 (AgTx2), which was N-terminally labeled with Atto 488 fluorophore. The interactions of A-AgTx2 with the outer binding sites of the potassium voltage-gated Kv1.x (x = 1, 3, 6) channels were studied using bioengineered hybrid KcsA-Kv1.x (x = 1, 3, 6) channels. In contrast to AgTx2, A-AgTx2 was shown to lose affinity for the Kv1.1 and Kv1.6 binding sites but to preserve it for the Kv1.3 site. Thus, Atto488 introduces two new functionalities to AgTx2: fluorescence and the selective targeting of the Kv1.3 channel, which is known for its pharmacological significance. In the case of A-AgTx2, fluorescent labeling served as an alternative to site-directed mutagenesis in modulating the pharmacological profile of the channel blocker. Although the affinity of A-AgTx2 for the Kv1.3 binding site was decreased as compared to the unlabeled AgTx2, its dissociation constant value was within a low nanomolar range (4.0 nM). The properties of A-AgTx2 allow one to use it for the search and study of Kv1.3 channel blockers as well as to consider it for the imaging of the Kv1.3 channel in cells and tissues.},
}

@article {pmid35816093,
year = {2022},
author = {Peyrégne, S and Kelso, J and Peter, BM and Pääbo, S},
title = {The evolutionary history of human spindle genes includes back-and-forth gene flow with Neandertals.},
journal = {eLife},
volume = {11},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {35816093},
issn = {2050-084X},
support = {694707/ERC_/European Research Council/International ; },
mesh = {Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Blacks ; Fossils ; Gene Flow ; *Hominidae/genetics ; Humans ; *Neanderthals/genetics ; },
abstract = {Proteins associated with the spindle apparatus, a cytoskeletal structure that ensures the proper segregation of chromosomes during cell division, experienced an unusual number of amino acid substitutions in modern humans after the split from the ancestors of Neandertals and Denisovans. Here, we analyze the history of these substitutions and show that some of the genes in which they occur may have been targets of positive selection. We also find that the two changes in the kinetochore scaffold 1 (KNL1) protein, previously believed to be specific to modern humans, were present in some Neandertals. We show that the KNL1 gene of these Neandertals shared a common ancestor with present-day Africans about 200,000 years ago due to gene flow from the ancestors (or relatives) of modern humans into Neandertals. Subsequently, some non-Africans inherited this modern human-like gene variant from Neandertals, but none inherited the ancestral gene variants. These results add to the growing evidence of early contacts between modern humans and archaic groups in Eurasia and illustrate the intricate relationships among these groups.},
}

Animals
Biological Evolution
Blacks
Fossils
Gene Flow
*Hominidae/genetics
Humans
*Neanderthals/genetics

@article {pmid35809046,
year = {2022},
author = {Saha, S and Khan, N and Comi, T and Verhagen, A and Sasmal, A and Diaz, S and Yu, H and Chen, X and Akey, JM and Frank, M and Gagneux, P and Varki, A},
title = {Evolution of Human-Specific Alleles Protecting Cognitive Function of Grandmothers.},
journal = {Molecular biology and evolution},
volume = {39},
number = {8},
pages = {},
pmid = {35809046},
issn = {1537-1719},
support = {R01 GM032373/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Alleles ; Amino Acids ; Animals ; Cognition ; *Grandparents ; *Hominidae/genetics ; Humans ; },
abstract = {The myelomonocytic receptor CD33 (Siglec-3) inhibits innate immune reactivity by extracellular V-set domain recognition of sialic acid (Sia)-containing "self-associated molecular patterns" (SAMPs). We earlier showed that V-set domain-deficient CD33-variant allele, protective against late-onset Alzheimer's Disease (LOAD), is derived and specific to the hominin lineage. We now report multiple hominin-specific CD33 V-set domain mutations. Due to hominin-specific, fixed loss-of-function mutation in the CMAH gene, humans lack N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc), the preferred Sia-ligand of ancestral CD33. Mutational analysis and molecular dynamics (MD)-simulations indicate that fixed change in amino acid 21 of hominin V-set domain and conformational changes related to His45 corrected for Neu5Gc-loss by switching to N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac)-recognition. We show that human-specific pathogens Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Group B Streptococcus selectively bind human CD33 (huCD33) as part of immune-evasive molecular mimicry of host SAMPs and that this binding is significantly impacted by amino acid 21 modification. In addition to LOAD-protective CD33 alleles, humans harbor derived, population-universal, cognition-protective variants at several other loci. Interestingly, 11 of 13 SNPs in these human genes (including CD33) are not shared by genomes of archaic hominins: Neanderthals and Denisovans. We present a plausible evolutionary scenario to compile, correlate, and comprehend existing knowledge about huCD33-evolution and suggest that grandmothering emerged in humans.},
}

Alleles
Amino Acids
Animals
Cognition
*Grandparents
*Hominidae/genetics
Humans

@article {pmid35806305,
year = {2022},
author = {Filippenkov, IB and Remizova, JA and Denisova, AE and Stavchansky, VV and Golovina, KD and Gubsky, LV and Limborska, SA and Dergunova, LV},
title = {Comparative Use of Contralateral and Sham-Operated Controls Reveals Traces of a Bilateral Genetic Response in the Rat Brain after Focal Stroke.},
journal = {International journal of molecular sciences},
volume = {23},
number = {13},
pages = {},
pmid = {35806305},
issn = {1422-0067},
mesh = {Animals ; Brain/metabolism ; *Brain Ischemia/metabolism ; Disease Models, Animal ; Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery/complications/genetics ; Rats ; Sequence Analysis, RNA ; *Stroke/etiology ; },
abstract = {Ischemic stroke is a multifactorial disease with a complex etiology and global consequences. Model animals are widely used in stroke studies. Various controls, either brain samples from sham-operated (SO) animals or symmetrically located brain samples from the opposite (contralateral) hemisphere (CH), are often used to analyze the processes in the damaged (ipsilateral) hemisphere (IH) after focal stroke. However, previously, it was shown that focal ischemia can lead to metabolic and transcriptomic changes not only in the IH but also in the CH. Here, using a transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) model and genome-wide RNA sequencing, we identified 1941 overlapping differentially expressed genes (DEGs) with a cutoff value >1.5 and Padj < 0.05 that reflected the general transcriptome response of IH subcortical cells at 24 h after tMCAO using both SO and CH controls. Concomitantly, 861 genes were differentially expressed in IH vs. SO, whereas they were not vs. the CH control. Furthermore, they were associated with apoptosis, the cell cycle, and neurotransmitter responses. In turn, we identified 221 DEGs in IH vs. CH, which were non-DEGs vs. the SO control. Moreover, they were predominantly associated with immune-related response. We believe that both sets of non-overlapping genes recorded transcriptome changes in IH cells associated with transhemispheric differences after focal cerebral ischemia. Thus, the specific response of the CH transcriptome should be considered when using it as a control in studies of target brain regions in diseases that induce a global bilateral genetic response, such as stroke.},
}

Animals
Brain/metabolism
*Brain Ischemia/metabolism
Disease Models, Animal
Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery/complications/genetics
Rats
Sequence Analysis, RNA
*Stroke/etiology

@article {pmid35757177,
year = {2022},
author = {Theofanopoulou, C and Andirkó, A and Boeckx, C and Jarvis, ED},
title = {Oxytocin and vasotocin receptor variation and the evolution of human prosociality.},
journal = {Comprehensive psychoneuroendocrinology},
volume = {11},
number = {},
pages = {100139},
pmid = {35757177},
issn = {2666-4976},
abstract = {Modern human lifestyle strongly depends on complex social traits like empathy, tolerance and cooperation. These diverse facets of social cognition have been associated with variation in the oxytocin receptor (OTR) and its sister genes, the vasotocin/vasopressin receptors (VTR1A/AVPR1A and AVPR1B/VTR1B). Here, we compared the available genomic sequences of these receptors between modern humans, archaic humans, and 12 non-human primate species, and identified sites that show heterozygous variation in modern humans and archaic humans distinct from variation in other primates, and for which we could find association studies with clinical implications. On these sites, we performed a range of analyses (variant clustering, pathogenicity prediction, regulation, linkage disequilibrium frequency), and reviewed the literature on selection data in different modern-human populations. We found five sites with modern human specific variation, where the modern human allele is the major allele in the global population (OTR: rs1042778, rs237885, rs6770632; VTR1A: rs10877969; VTR1B: rs33985287). Among them, variation in the OTR-rs6770632 site was predicted to be the most functional. Two alleles (OTR: rs59190448 and rs237888) present only in modern humans and archaic humans were putatively under positive selection in modern humans, with rs237888 predicted to be a highly functional site. Three sites showed convergent evolution between modern humans and bonobos (OTR: rs2228485 and rs237897; VTR1A: rs1042615), with OTR-rs2228485 ranking highly in terms of functionality and reported to be under balancing selection in modern humans (Schaschl, 2015) [1]. Our findings have implications for understanding hominid prosociality, as well as the similarities between modern human and bonobo social behavior.},
}

@article {pmid35754742,
year = {2022},
author = {Ponomarev, GV and Fatykhov, B and Nazarov, VA and Abasov, R and Shvarov, E and Landik, NV and Denisova, AA and Chervova, AA and Gelfand, MS and Kazanov, MD},
title = {APOBEC mutagenesis is low in most types of non-B DNA structures.},
journal = {iScience},
volume = {25},
number = {7},
pages = {104535},
pmid = {35754742},
issn = {2589-0042},
abstract = {While somatic mutations are known to be enriched in genome regions with non-canonical DNA secondary structure, the impact of particular mutagens still needs to be elucidated. Here, we demonstrate that in human cancers, the APOBEC mutagenesis is not enriched in direct repeats, mirror repeats, short tandem repeats, and G-quadruplexes, and even decreased below its level in B-DNA for cancer samples with very high APOBEC activity. In contrast, we observe that the APOBEC-induced mutational density is positively associated with APOBEC activity in inverted repeats (cruciform structures), where the impact of cytosine at the 3'-end of the hairpin loop is substantial. Surprisingly, the APOBEC-signature mutation density per TC motif in the single-stranded DNA of a G-quadruplex (G4) is lower than in the four-stranded part of G4 and in B-DNA. The APOBEC mutagenesis, as well as the UV-mutagenesis in melanoma samples, are absent in Z-DNA regions, owing to the depletion of their mutational signature motifs.},
}

@article {pmid35729694,
year = {2022},
author = {Ping, WJ and Liu, YC and Fu, QM},
title = {Exploring the evolution of archaic humans through sedimentary ancient DNA.},
journal = {Yi chuan = Hereditas},
volume = {44},
number = {5},
pages = {362-369},
doi = {10.16288/j.yczz.22-032},
pmid = {35729694},
issn = {0253-9772},
mesh = {Animals ; DNA, Ancient ; DNA, Mitochondrial/genetics ; Genome, Human ; *Hominidae/genetics ; Humans ; *Neanderthals/genetics ; },
abstract = {Recent success in the retrieval of nuclear DNA of ancient humans and animals from cave sediments paves the way for genome-wide studies of past populations directly from sediments. In three studies, nuclear genomes of different species were obtained from the sediments of multiple archeological caves and their genetic histories were revealed, including an unknown population replacement of Neanderthals from Estatuas cave in Spain, which was recovered using a new DNA capture approach. By extending sediments as a source of DNA beyond fossils, this breakthrough is of particular significance to the field of ancient human genomics, which brings about more possibilities for exploring the history of past population migration, evolution and adaptation within larger time-scales and geographical areas where no fossil remains exist. Here, we mainly review the significance of the technical advances in retrieving ancient nuclear DNA from sediments and present new insights into the genetic history of Neanderthals revealed by this technique. By combining ancient genomes retrieved from fossils and additional mitochondrial DNA extracted from sediments of archaeological sites, we may begin investigating diverse archaic populations and examine their genetic relationships, movements and replacements in detail.},
}

Animals
DNA, Ancient
DNA, Mitochondrial/genetics
Genome, Human
*Hominidae/genetics
Humans
*Neanderthals/genetics

@article {pmid35727217,
year = {2022},
author = {Kulikovskaya, NS and Denisova, EA and Ananikov, VP},
title = {A novel approach to study catalytic reactions via electrophoretic NMR on the example of Pd/NHC-catalyzed Mizoroki-Heck cross-coupling reaction.},
journal = {Magnetic resonance in chemistry : MRC},
volume = {60},
number = {10},
pages = {954-962},
doi = {10.1002/mrc.5295},
pmid = {35727217},
issn = {1097-458X},
mesh = {Catalysis ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; *Palladium/chemistry ; },
abstract = {Investigation of catalytic reactions using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is a crucial task, which is often challenging to perform due to rather complex transformations at the metal center. In this work, it was shown that electrophoretic NMR can be a suitable method for studying catalytic reactions and for observing the changes in the catalyst nature. As an important example involving palladium catalysts with N-heterocyclic carbine ligands (NHCs), the breakage of the Pd-NHC bond can occur during the catalytic process. Electrophoretic NMR allows the distinction of compounds in the spectra depending on the charge, thus bringing new opportunities to mechanistic studies. Here, we present independent evidence of R-NHC product formation in the Pd-catalyzed Mizoroki-Heck reaction-the key process for catalyst change from the molecular to nano-scale type.},
}

Catalysis
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
*Palladium/chemistry

@article {pmid35718977,
year = {2022},
author = {Rusina, PV and Lisov, AA and Denisova, AA and Gandalipov, ER and Novikov, FN and Shtil, AA},
title = {Clinical CDK2 Inhibitors: Trends To Selectivity and Efficacy.},
journal = {Recent patents on anti-cancer drug discovery},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.2174/1574892817666220617091700},
pmid = {35718977},
issn = {2212-3970},
}

@article {pmid35667800,
year = {2022},
author = {Denisova, NP and Rzaev, JA},
title = {Psychiatric mimics of neurosurgical disorders.},
journal = {Progress in brain research},
volume = {272},
number = {1},
pages = {153-171},
doi = {10.1016/bs.pbr.2022.03.009},
pmid = {35667800},
issn = {1875-7855},
mesh = {Brain ; *Brain Diseases ; Humans ; *Nervous System Diseases/surgery ; Neurosurgical Procedures ; *Spinal Cord Injuries ; },
abstract = {Every year there are about 22.6 million people in need of neurosurgical care around the world, and one or several interventions are required to save lives and restore functional losses in more than half of these cases (13.8 million). Most neurosurgical interventions are performed in patients with traumatic brain and spinal cord injuries, strokes, central nervous system (CNS) tumors, hydrocephalus, and epilepsy. In addition to neurological symptoms, many CNS disorders are often accompanied by cognitive and/or behavioral changes. Physical and psychological symptoms can be intertwined as follows: 1) neurological symptoms may be manifested as a result of complex psychological processes; 2) psychological disorders may be manifested as neurological symptoms; 3) neurological disorders commonly cause secondary psychological responses; 4) psychological disorder may be induced more or less directly by an organic brain disease. In the present paper, we focus on the psychiatric conditions occurring in the patients with neurosurgical disorders who either get prepared for surgery or have already received it.},
}

Brain
*Brain Diseases
Humans
*Nervous System Diseases/surgery
Neurosurgical Procedures
*Spinal Cord Injuries

@article {pmid35622251,
year = {2022},
author = {Sobolev, VV and Denisova, EV and Chebysheva, SN and Geppe, NA and Korsunskaya, IM},
title = {IL-6 Gene Expression as a Marker of Pathological State in Psoriasis and Psoriatic Arthritis.},
journal = {Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine},
volume = {173},
number = {1},
pages = {77-80},
pmid = {35622251},
issn = {1573-8221},
mesh = {*Arthritis, Psoriatic/diagnosis/genetics/metabolism ; Biomarkers/metabolism ; Gene Expression ; Humans ; *Interleukin-6/biosynthesis/genetics ; *Psoriasis/diagnosis/genetics/metabolism ; },
abstract = {The expression of the IL-6 gene in mononuclear blood cells of 45 patients with psoriatic arthritis and 31 patients with plaque psoriasis was studied for possible differential diagnosis of the pathologies. The expression level of IL-6 in psoriatic arthritis and psoriasis surpassed that in healthy controls by 192 and 147 times, respectively. Significant differences in the gene expression were revealed between the patients with psoriatic arthritis and mild psoriasis. The level of IL-6 in patients with severe psoriasis approached that in patients with psoriatic arthritis. High level of IL-6 gene expression can be a marker of possible joint damage in patients with psoriasis and a signal for revising the therapeutic approach in a particular patient.},
}

*Arthritis, Psoriatic/diagnosis/genetics/metabolism
Biomarkers/metabolism
Gene Expression
Humans
*Interleukin-6/biosynthesis/genetics
*Psoriasis/diagnosis/genetics/metabolism

@article {pmid35596005,
year = {2022},
author = {Shchenkov, SV and Sokolov, SG and Tsushko, KM and Denisova, SA},
title = {Is Gymnophallus Odhner, 1900 (Trematoda: Gymnophallidae) polyphyletic? A new hypothesis based on phylogenetic position of Gymnophallus deliciosus (Olsson, 1893).},
journal = {Parasitology research},
volume = {121},
number = {7},
pages = {2157-2160},
pmid = {35596005},
issn = {1432-1955},
mesh = {Animals ; DNA, Ribosomal/genetics ; Phylogeny ; RNA, Ribosomal, 28S/genetics ; *Trematoda/genetics ; },
abstract = {Gymnophallus deliciosus is a type species of the genus Gymnophallus. We collected this trematode species from gallbladder of Larus argentatus caught in the White Sea (Kandalaksha Bay, Chupa Inlet) and obtained the sequences of its nuclear 18S and 28S rDNA genes. Our recently obtained phylogenetic data support a sister group relationship of this species with G. choledochus. However, other species of the genus Gymnophallus-G. australis (KM246854) and G. minutus (KM268111)-do not branch with the group G. choledochus + G. deliciosus or with each other. Our study revealed that the genus Gynmnophallus is probably a polyphyletic taxon, and the genus affiliation of its representatives should be re-examined in future.},
}

Animals
DNA, Ribosomal/genetics
Phylogeny
RNA, Ribosomal, 28S/genetics
*Trematoda/genetics

@article {pmid35595994,
year = {2022},
author = {Graham, F},
title = {Daily briefing: Tooth suggests Denisovans roamed Asia.},
journal = {Nature},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1038/d41586-022-01413-8},
pmid = {35595994},
issn = {1476-4687},
}

@article {pmid35581413,
year = {2022},
author = {Kreier, F},
title = {Ancient tooth suggests Denisovans ventured far beyond Siberia.},
journal = {Nature},
volume = {605},
number = {7911},
pages = {602-603},
pmid = {35581413},
issn = {1476-4687},
mesh = {Animals ; Fossils ; *Hominidae ; Population Dynamics ; Siberia ; *Tooth ; },
}

Animals
Fossils
*Hominidae
Population Dynamics
Siberia
*Tooth

@article {pmid35581187,
year = {2022},
author = {Demeter, F and Zanolli, C and Westaway, KE and Joannes-Boyau, R and Duringer, P and Morley, MW and Welker, F and Rüther, PL and Skinner, MM and McColl, H and Gaunitz, C and Vinner, L and Dunn, TE and Olsen, JV and Sikora, M and Ponche, JL and Suzzoni, E and Frangeul, S and Boesch, Q and Antoine, PO and Pan, L and Xing, S and Zhao, JX and Bailey, RM and Boualaphane, S and Sichanthongtip, P and Sihanam, D and Patole-Edoumba, E and Aubaile, F and Crozier, F and Bourgon, N and Zachwieja, A and Luangkhoth, T and Souksavatdy, V and Sayavongkhamdy, T and Cappellini, E and Bacon, AM and Hublin, JJ and Willerslev, E and Shackelford, L},
title = {A Middle Pleistocene Denisovan molar from the Annamite Chain of northern Laos.},
journal = {Nature communications},
volume = {13},
number = {1},
pages = {2557},
pmid = {35581187},
issn = {2041-1723},
mesh = {Animals ; Bayes Theorem ; Female ; Fossils ; *Hominidae/anatomy & histology ; Humans ; Laos ; Molar ; },
abstract = {The Pleistocene presence of the genus Homo in continental Southeast Asia is primarily evidenced by a sparse stone tool record and rare human remains. Here we report a Middle Pleistocene hominin specimen from Laos, with the discovery of a molar from the Tam Ngu Hao 2 (Cobra Cave) limestone cave in the Annamite Mountains. The age of the fossil-bearing breccia ranges between 164-131 kyr, based on the Bayesian modelling of luminescence dating of the sedimentary matrix from which it was recovered, U-series dating of an overlying flowstone, and U-series-ESR dating of associated faunal teeth. Analyses of the internal structure of the molar in tandem with palaeoproteomic analyses of the enamel indicate that the tooth derives from a young, likely female, Homo individual. The close morphological affinities with the Xiahe specimen from China indicate that they belong to the same taxon and that Tam Ngu Hao 2 most likely represents a Denisovan.},
}

Animals
Bayes Theorem
Female
Fossils
*Hominidae/anatomy & histology
Humans
Laos
Molar

@article {pmid35557944,
year = {2022},
author = {Buisan, R and Moriano, J and Andirkó, A and Boeckx, C},
title = {A Brain Region-Specific Expression Profile for Genes Within Large Introgression Deserts and Under Positive Selection in Homo sapiens.},
journal = {Frontiers in cell and developmental biology},
volume = {10},
number = {},
pages = {824740},
pmid = {35557944},
issn = {2296-634X},
abstract = {Analyses of ancient DNA from extinct hominins have provided unique insights into the complex evolutionary history of Homo sapiens, intricately related to that of the Neanderthals and the Denisovans as revealed by several instances of admixture events. These analyses have also allowed the identification of introgression deserts: genomic regions in our species that are depleted of "archaic" haplotypes. The presence of genes like FOXP2 in these deserts has been taken to be suggestive of brain-related functional differences between Homo species. Here, we seek a deeper characterization of these regions and the specific expression trajectories of genes within them, taking into account signals of positive selection in our lineage. Analyzing publicly available transcriptomic data from the human brain at different developmental stages, we found that structures outside the cerebral neocortex, in particular the cerebellum, the striatum and the mediodorsal nucleus of the thalamus show the most divergent transcriptomic profiles when considering genes within large introgression deserts and under positive selection.},
}

@article {pmid35546225,
year = {2022},
author = {Andirkó, A and Boeckx, C},
title = {Brain region-specific effects of nearly fixed sapiens-derived alleles.},
journal = {BMC genomic data},
volume = {23},
number = {1},
pages = {36},
pmid = {35546225},
issn = {2730-6844},
mesh = {Alleles ; Animals ; Brain/metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Humans ; *Neanderthals/genetics ; },
abstract = {The availability of high-coverage genomes of our extinct relatives, the Neanderthals and Denisovans, and the emergence of large, tissue-specific databases of modern human genetic variation, offer the possibility of probing the effects of modern-derived alleles in specific tissues, such as the brain, and its specific regions. While previous research has explored the effects of introgressed variants in gene expression, the effects of Homo sapiens-specific gene expression variability are still understudied. Here we identify derived, Homo sapiens-specific high-frequency (≥90%) alleles that are associated with differential gene expression across 15 brain structures derived from the GTEx database. We show that regulation by these derived variants targets regions under positive selection more often than expected by chance, and that high-frequency derived alleles lie in functional categories related to transcriptional regulation. Our results highlight the role of these variants in gene regulation in specific regions like the cerebellum and pituitary.},
}

Alleles
Animals
Brain/metabolism
Gene Expression Regulation
Humans
*Neanderthals/genetics

@article {pmid35440148,
year = {2022},
author = {Brand, CM and Colbran, LL and Capra, JA},
title = {Predicting Archaic Hominin Phenotypes from Genomic Data.},
journal = {Annual review of genomics and human genetics},
volume = {23},
number = {},
pages = {591-612},
doi = {10.1146/annurev-genom-111521-121903},
pmid = {35440148},
issn = {1545-293X},
support = {T32 HG009495/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/United States ; R35 GM127087/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Animals ; DNA, Ancient ; Genome, Human ; Genomics ; *Hominidae/genetics ; Humans ; *Neanderthals/genetics ; Phenotype ; },
abstract = {Ancient DNA provides a powerful window into the biology of extant and extinct species, including humans' closest relatives: Denisovans and Neanderthals. Here, we review what is known about archaic hominin phenotypes from genomic data and how those inferences have been made. We contend that understanding the influence of variants on lower-level molecular phenotypes-such as gene expression and protein function-is a promising approach to using ancient DNA to learn about archaic hominin traits. Molecular phenotypes have simpler genetic architectures than organism-level complex phenotypes, and this approach enables moving beyond association studies by proposing hypotheses about the effects of archaic variants that are testable in model systems. The major challenge to understanding archaic hominin phenotypes is broadening our ability to accurately map genotypes to phenotypes, but ongoing advances ensure that there will be much more to learn about archaic hominin phenotypes from their genomes.},
}

Animals
DNA, Ancient
Genome, Human
Genomics
*Hominidae/genetics
Humans
*Neanderthals/genetics
Phenotype

@article {pmid35406627,
year = {2022},
author = {Skryabin, GO and Komelkov, AV and Zhordania, KI and Bagrov, DV and Vinokurova, SV and Galetsky, SA and Elkina, NV and Denisova, DA and Enikeev, AD and Tchevkina, EM},
title = {Extracellular Vesicles from Uterine Aspirates Represent a Promising Source for Screening Markers of Gynecologic Cancers.},
journal = {Cells},
volume = {11},
number = {7},
pages = {},
pmid = {35406627},
issn = {2073-4409},
mesh = {Biomarkers/metabolism ; Early Detection of Cancer ; *Exosomes/metabolism ; *Extracellular Vesicles/metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; *MicroRNAs/metabolism ; *Neoplasms/metabolism ; Uterus/metabolism ; },
abstract = {Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes, are key factors of intercellular communication, performing both local and distant transfers of bioactive molecules. The increasingly obvious role of EVs in carcinogenesis, similarity of molecular signatures with parental cells, precise selection and high stability of cargo molecules make exosomes a promising source of liquid biopsy markers for cancer diagnosis. The uterine cavity fluid, unlike blood, urine and other body fluids commonly used to study EVs, is of local origin and therefore enriched in EVs secreted by cells of the female reproductive tract. Here, we show that EVs, including those corresponding to exosomes, could be isolated from individual samples of uterine aspirates (UA) obtained from epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) patients and healthy donors using the ultracentrifugation technique. First, the conducted profiling of small RNAs (small RNA-seq) from UA-derived EVs demonstrated the presence of non-coding RNA molecules belonging to various classes. The analysis of the miRNA content in EVs from UA performed on a pilot sample revealed significant differences in the expression levels of a number of miRNAs in EVs obtained from EOC patients compared to healthy individuals. The results open up prospects for using UA-derived EVs as a source of markers for the diagnostics of gynecological cancers, including EOC.},
}

Biomarkers/metabolism
Early Detection of Cancer
*Exosomes/metabolism
*Extracellular Vesicles/metabolism
Female
Humans
*MicroRNAs/metabolism
*Neoplasms/metabolism
Uterus/metabolism

@article {pmid35359699,
year = {2022},
author = {Molodtseva, AS and Makunin, AI and Salomashkina, VV and Kichigin, IG and Vorobieva, NV and Vasiliev, SK and Shunkov, MV and Tishkin, AA and Grushin, SP and Anijalg, P and Tammeleht, E and Keis, M and Boeskorov, GG and Mamaev, N and Okhlopkov, IM and Kryukov, AP and Lyapunova, EA and Kholodova, MV and Seryodkin, IV and Saarma, U and Trifonov, VA and Graphodatsky, AS},
title = {Phylogeography of ancient and modern brown bears from eastern Eurasia.},
journal = {Biological journal of the Linnean Society. Linnean Society of London},
volume = {135},
number = {4},
pages = {722-733},
pmid = {35359699},
issn = {0024-4066},
support = {206194/WT_/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom ; },
abstract = {The brown bear (Ursus arctos) is an iconic carnivoran species of the Northern Hemisphere. Its population history has been studied extensively using mitochondrial markers, which demonstrated signatures of multiple waves of migration, arguably connected with glaciation periods. Among Eurasian brown bears, Siberian populations remain understudied. We have sequenced complete mitochondrial genomes of four ancient (~4.5-40 kya) bears from South Siberia and 19 modern bears from South Siberia and the Russian Far East. Reconstruction of phylogenetic relationships between haplotypes and evaluation of modern population structure have demonstrated that all the studied samples belong to the most widespread Eurasian clade 3. One of the ancient haplotypes takes a basal position relative to the whole of clade 3; the second is basal to the haplogroup 3a (the most common subclade), and two others belong to clades 3a1 and 3b. Modern Siberian bears retain at least some of this diversity; apart from the most common haplogroup 3a, we demonstrate the presence of clade 3b, which was previously found mainly in mainland Eurasia and Northern Japan. Our findings highlight the importance of South Siberia as a refugium for northern Eurasian brown bears and further corroborate the hypothesis of several waves of migration in the Pleistocene.},
}

@article {pmid35327421,
year = {2022},
author = {Sobolev, VV and Soboleva, AG and Denisova, EV and Pechatnikova, EA and Dvoryankova, E and Korsunskaya, IM and Mezentsev, A},
title = {Proteomic Studies of Psoriasis.},
journal = {Biomedicines},
volume = {10},
number = {3},
pages = {},
pmid = {35327421},
issn = {2227-9059},
abstract = {In this review paper, we discuss the contribution of proteomic studies to the discovery of disease-specific biomarkers to monitor the disease and evaluate available treatment options for psoriasis. Psoriasis is one of the most prevalent skin disorders driven by a Th17-specific immune response. Although potential patients have a genetic predisposition to psoriasis, the etiology of the disease remains unknown. During the last two decades, proteomics became deeply integrated with psoriatic research. The data obtained in proteomic studies facilitated the discovery of novel mechanisms and the verification of many experimental hypotheses of the disease pathogenesis. The detailed data analysis revealed multiple differentially expressed proteins and significant changes in proteome associated with the disease and drug efficacy. In this respect, there is a need for proteomic studies to characterize the role of the disease-specific biomarkers in the pathogenesis of psoriasis, develop clinical applications to choose the most efficient treatment options and monitor the therapeutic response.},
}

@article {pmid35319532,
year = {2022},
author = {Dengler, NF and Ferraresi, S and Rochkind, S and Denisova, N and Garozzo, D and Heinen, C and Alimehmeti, R and Capone, C and Barone, DG and Zdunczyk, A and Pedro, MT and Antoniadis, G and Kaiser, R and Dubuisson, A and Kretschmer, T and Rasulic, L},
title = {Thoracic Outlet Syndrome Part I: Systematic Review of the Literature and Consensus on Anatomy, Diagnosis, and Classification of Thoracic Outlet Syndrome by the European Association of Neurosurgical Societies' Section of Peripheral Nerve Surgery.},
journal = {Neurosurgery},
volume = {90},
number = {6},
pages = {653-667},
pmid = {35319532},
issn = {1524-4040},
support = {CL-2019-14-004/DH_/Department of Health/United Kingdom ; },
mesh = {Humans ; Neurosurgical Procedures/adverse effects ; Peripheral Nerves ; Physical Therapy Modalities ; *Quality of Life ; *Thoracic Outlet Syndrome/diagnosis/etiology/surgery ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Although numerous articles have been published not only on the classification of thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) but also on diagnostic standards, timing, and type of surgical intervention, there still remains some controversy because of the lack of level 1 evidence. So far, attempts to generate uniform reporting standards have not yielded conclusive results.

OBJECTIVE: To systematically review the body of evidence and reach a consensus among neurosurgeons experienced in TOS regarding anatomy, diagnosis, and classification.

METHODS: A systematic literature search on PubMed/MEDLINE was performed on February 13, 2021, yielding 2853 results. Abstracts were screened and classified. Recommendations were developed in a meeting held online on February 10, 2021, and refined according to the Delphi consensus method.

RESULTS: Six randomized controlled trials (on surgical, conservative, and injection therapies), 4 "guideline" articles (on imaging and reporting standards), 5 observational studies (on diagnostics, hierarchic designs of physiotherapy vs surgery, and quality of life outcomes), and 6 meta-analyses were identified. The European Association of Neurosurgical Societies' section of peripheral nerve surgery established 18 statements regarding anatomy, diagnosis, and classification of TOS with agreement levels of 98.4 % (±3.0).

CONCLUSION: Because of the lack of level 1 evidence, consensus statements on anatomy, diagnosis, and classification of TOS from experts of the section of peripheral nerve surgery of the European Association of Neurosurgical Societies were developed with the Delphi method. Further work on reporting standards, prospective data collections, therapy, and long-term outcome is necessary.},
}

Humans
Neurosurgical Procedures/adverse effects
Peripheral Nerves
Physical Therapy Modalities
*Quality of Life
*Thoracic Outlet Syndrome/diagnosis/etiology/surgery

@article {pmid35249383,
year = {2022},
author = {Scerri, EML and Roberts, P and Yoshi Maezumi, S and Malhi, Y},
title = {Tropical forests in the deep human past.},
journal = {Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences},
volume = {377},
number = {1849},
pages = {20200500},
pmid = {35249383},
issn = {1471-2970},
mesh = {Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Ecosystem ; Forests ; *Fossils ; *Hominidae ; Humans ; },
abstract = {Since Darwin, studies of human evolution have tended to give primacy to open 'savannah' environments as the ecological cradle of our lineage, with dense tropical forests cast as hostile, unfavourable frontiers. These perceptions continue to shape both the geographical context of fieldwork as well as dominant narratives concerning hominin evolution. This paradigm persists despite new, ground-breaking research highlighting the role of tropical forests in the human story. For example, novel research in Africa's rainforests has uncovered archaeological sites dating back into the Pleistocene; genetic studies have revealed very deep human roots in Central and West Africa and in the tropics of Asia and the Pacific; an unprecedented number of coexistent hominin species have now been documented, including Homo erectus, the 'Hobbit' (Homo floresiensis), Homo luzonensis, Denisovans, and Homo sapiens. Some of the earliest members of our own species to reach South Asia, Southeast Asia, Oceania and the tropical Americas have shown an unexpected rapidity in their adaptation to even some of the more 'extreme' tropical settings. This includes the early human manipulation of species and even habitats. This volume builds on these currently disparate threads and, for the first time, draws together a group of interdisciplinary, agenda-setting papers that firmly places a broader spectrum of tropical environments at the heart of the deep human past. This article is part of the theme issue 'Tropical forests in the deep human past'.},
}

Animals
Biological Evolution
Ecosystem
Forests
*Fossils
*Hominidae
Humans

@article {pmid35236981,
year = {2022},
author = {Wang, FG and Yang, SX and Ge, JY and Ollé, A and Zhao, KL and Yue, JP and Rosso, DE and Douka, K and Guan, Y and Li, WY and Yang, HY and Liu, LQ and Xie, F and Guo, ZT and Zhu, RX and Deng, CL and d'Errico, F and Petraglia, M},
title = {Innovative ochre processing and tool use in China 40,000 years ago.},
journal = {Nature},
volume = {603},
number = {7900},
pages = {284-289},
pmid = {35236981},
issn = {1476-4687},
mesh = {Animals ; *Archaeology ; Bone and Bones ; China ; History, Ancient ; *Hominidae ; Humans ; Neanderthals ; *Tool Use Behavior ; },
abstract = {Homo sapiens was present in northern Asia by around 40,000 years ago, having replaced archaic populations across Eurasia after episodes of earlier population expansions and interbreeding[1-4]. Cultural adaptations of the last Neanderthals, the Denisovans and the incoming populations of H. sapiens into Asia remain unknown[1,5-7]. Here we describe Xiamabei, a well-preserved, approximately 40,000-year-old archaeological site in northern China, which includes the earliest known ochre-processing feature in east Asia, a distinctive miniaturized lithic assemblage with bladelet-like tools bearing traces of hafting, and a bone tool. The cultural assembly of traits at Xiamabei is unique for Eastern Asia and does not correspond with those found at other archaeological site assemblages inhabited by archaic populations or those generally associated with the expansion of H. sapiens, such as the Initial Upper Palaeolithic[8-10]. The record of northern Asia supports a process of technological innovations and cultural diversification emerging in a period of hominin hybridization and admixture[2,3,6,11].},
}

Animals
*Archaeology
Bone and Bones
China
History, Ancient
*Hominidae
Humans
Neanderthals
*Tool Use Behavior

@article {pmid35236068,
year = {2022},
author = {Zavgorudko, VN and Sidorenko, SV and Kortelev, VV and Zavgorudko, TI and Zavgorudko, GV and Senkevich, OA and Denisova, EV},
title = {[Tumnin mineral spring. History of development].},
journal = {Voprosy kurortologii, fizioterapii, i lechebnoi fizicheskoi kultury},
volume = {99},
number = {1},
pages = {64-68},
doi = {10.17116/kurort20229901164},
pmid = {35236068},
issn = {0042-8787},
mesh = {*Balneology ; Female ; Health Resorts ; Humans ; *Mineral Waters/therapeutic use ; Minerals ; *Skin Diseases/drug therapy ; },
abstract = {The article dwells upon the history of the discovery of the Tumnin mineral spring, the establishment and development of the Far Eastern health resort «Goryachy Klyuch,» located in the basin of Chope creek, a tributary of the largest river in the eastern macroslope of Sikhote Alin, Tumnin river, located 25 km from the Strait of Tartary. A historical sketch since the first mentioning of the Tumnin mineral spring from 1903 to the present day, as well as the results of hydrogeological expeditions to determine the chemical composition and α-activity of Tumnin mineral water at different periods, are presented. A contribution of a geological expedition that established a large deep-lying tectonic structure permeable to upwelling thermal water flows is described. The role of the staff of the physiotherapy and balneology department of the Khabarovsk Medical Institute in the study of the mechanism of action and clinical effectiveness of the Tumnin mineral water is addressed. A balneological characteristic of nitric and siliceous thermal water, the basic therapeutic factor of «Goryachy Klyuch» health resort, which has always been popular among the Far East residents, but gained special importance and appreciation of patients during the pandemic of new coronavirus infection, is given. Currently, in the health resort «Goryachy Klyuch», patients with skin diseases, musculoskeletal, gynecologic, neurologic diseases, digestive tract disorders, metabolic conditions, upper airways, cardiovascular disorders, occupational diseases are treated using balneotherapy and other methods of non-drug therapy. At present, the health resort «Goryachy Klyuch» is going through a difficult but interesting period of improvement of recreation opportunities for the Far East residents.},
}

*Balneology
Female
Health Resorts
Humans
*Mineral Waters/therapeutic use
Minerals
*Skin Diseases/drug therapy

@article {pmid35197262,
year = {2022},
author = {Yogeswaran, K and Furtado, JM and Bodaghi, B and Matthews, JM and , and Smith, JR},
title = {Current practice in the management of ocular toxoplasmosis.},
journal = {The British journal of ophthalmology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1136/bjophthalmol-2022-321091},
pmid = {35197262},
issn = {1468-2079},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Ocular toxoplasmosis is common across all regions of the world. Understanding of the epidemiology and approach to diagnosis and treatment have evolved recently. In November 2020, an international group of uveitis-specialised ophthalmologists formed the International Ocular Toxoplasmosis Study Group to define current practice.

METHODS: 192 Study Group members from 48 countries completed a 36-item survey on clinical features, use of investigations, indications for treatment, systemic and intravitreal treatment with antiparasitic drugs and corticosteroids, and approach to follow-up and preventive therapy.

RESULTS: For 77.1% of members, unilateral retinochoroiditis adjacent to a pigmented scar accounted for over 60% of presentations, but diverse atypical presentations were also reported. Common complications included persistent vitreous opacities, epiretinal membrane, cataract, and ocular hypertension or glaucoma. Most members used clinical examination with (56.8%) or without (35.9%) serology to diagnose typical disease but relied on intraocular fluid testing-usually PCR-in atypical cases (68.8%). 66.1% of members treated all non-pregnant patients, while 33.9% treated selected patients. Oral trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole was first-line therapy for 66.7% of members, and 60.9% had experience using intravitreal clindamycin. Corticosteroid drugs were administered systemically by 97.4%; 24.7% also injected corticosteroid intravitreally, almost always in combination with an antimicrobial drug (72.3%). The majority of members followed up all (60.4%) or selected (35.9%) patients after resolution of acute disease, and prophylaxis against recurrence with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole was prescribed to selected patients by 69.8%.

CONCLUSION: Our report presents a current management approach for ocular toxoplasmosis, as practised by a large international group of uveitis-specialised ophthalmologists.},
}

@article {pmid35175470,
year = {2022},
author = {Voron'ko, OE and Baskaev, KK and Sobolev, VV and Denisova, EV and Korsunskaya, IM},
title = {Genetic Markers of Therapeutic Efficacy of Methotrexate in Patients with Psoriasis.},
journal = {Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine},
volume = {172},
number = {4},
pages = {460-463},
pmid = {35175470},
issn = {1573-8221},
mesh = {Genetic Markers ; Genotype ; Humans ; *Methotrexate/therapeutic use ; Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (NADPH2)/genetics ; *Psoriasis/chemically induced/drug therapy/genetics ; Thymidylate Synthase/genetics ; },
abstract = {We studied the effect of C677T and A1298C polymorphisms of the MTHFR gene and 2R/3R polymorphisms of the TYMS gene on the sensitivity to methotrexate in patients with psoriasis (n=139). It was shown that genotype 3R/3R TYMS (OR 8.86, 95%CI 2.00-39.22) and complex genotypes MTHFR1298:A;TYMS:3R (OR 8.20, 95%CI 2.36-28.48) and MTHFR677:C;TYMS:3R (OR 5.40, 95%CI 1.95-14.94) were associated with sensitivity to methotrexate, while genotype 2R/2R TYMS (OR 8.20, 95%CI 2.36-28.48) and complex genotypes MTHFR1298:C;MTHFR677:T;TYMS:2R (OR 0.18, 95%CI 0.06-0.56) and MTHFR1298:C;MTHFR677:T (OR 0.23, 95%CI 0.09-0.59) were associated with resistance to methotrexate. The results can be used for preventive assessment of the effectiveness of methotrexate treatment in patients with psoriasis.},
}

Genetic Markers
Genotype
Humans
*Methotrexate/therapeutic use
Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (NADPH2)/genetics
*Psoriasis/chemically induced/drug therapy/genetics
Thymidylate Synthase/genetics

@article {pmid35163644,
year = {2022},
author = {Denisova, KR and Orlov, NA and Yakimov, SA and Kryukova, EA and Dolgikh, DA and Kirpichnikov, MP and Feofanov, AV and Nekrasova, OV},
title = {GFP-Margatoxin, a Genetically Encoded Fluorescent Ligand to Probe Affinity of Kv1.3 Channel Blockers.},
journal = {International journal of molecular sciences},
volume = {23},
number = {3},
pages = {},
pmid = {35163644},
issn = {1422-0067},
mesh = {Binding Sites ; Green Fluorescent Proteins/*metabolism ; Humans ; *Kv1.3 Potassium Channel/analysis/metabolism ; Ligands ; Peptides/*metabolism ; Potassium Channel Blockers/*metabolism ; Protein Binding ; },
abstract = {Peptide pore blockers and their fluorescent derivatives are useful molecular probes to study the structure and functions of the voltage-gated potassium Kv1.3 channel, which is considered as a pharmacological target in the treatment of autoimmune and neurological disorders. We present Kv1.3 fluorescent ligand, GFP-MgTx, constructed on the basis of green fluorescent protein (GFP) and margatoxin (MgTx), the peptide, which is widely used in physiological studies of Kv1.3. Expression of the fluorescent ligand in E. coli cells resulted in correctly folded and functionally active GFP-MgTx with a yield of 30 mg per 1 L of culture. Complex of GFP-MgTx with the Kv1.3 binding site is reported to have the dissociation constant of 11 ± 2 nM. GFP-MgTx as a component of an analytical system based on the hybrid KcsA-Kv1.3 channel is shown to be applicable to recognize Kv1.3 pore blockers of peptide origin and to evaluate their affinities to Kv1.3. GFP-MgTx can be used in screening and pre-selection of Kv1.3 channel blockers as potential drug candidates.},
}

Binding Sites
Green Fluorescent Proteins/*metabolism
Humans
*Kv1.3 Potassium Channel/analysis/metabolism
Ligands
Peptides/*metabolism
Potassium Channel Blockers/*metabolism
Protein Binding

@article {pmid35160434,
year = {2022},
author = {Roenko, AV and Nikiforov, RY and Gringolts, ML and Belov, NA and Denisova, YI and Shandryuk, GA and Bondarenko, GN and Kudryavtsev, YV and Finkelshtein, ES},
title = {Olefin-Metathesis-Derived Norbornene-Ethylene-Vinyl Acetate/Vinyl Alcohol Multiblock Copolymers: Impact of the Copolymer Structure on the Gas Permeation Properties.},
journal = {Polymers},
volume = {14},
number = {3},
pages = {},
pmid = {35160434},
issn = {2073-4360},
abstract = {Commercial metathesis polynorbornene is used for the fabrication of high-damping coatings and bulk materials that dissipate vibration and impact energies. Functionalization of this non-polar polymer can improve its adhesive, gas barrier, and other properties, thereby potentially expanding its application area. With this aim, the post-modification of polynorbornene was carried out by inserting ethylene-vinyl acetate-vinyl alcohol blocks into its backbone via the cross-metathesis of polynorbornene with poly(5-acetoxy-1-octenylene) and subsequent deacetylation and hydrogenation of the obtained multiblock copolymers. For the first time, epoxy groups were introduced into the main chains of these copolymers, followed by the oxirane ring opening reaction. The influence of post-modification on the thermal, gas separation, and mechanical properties of the new copolymers was studied. It was shown that the gas permeability of the copolymer significantly depends on its composition, as well as on the amounts of hydroxyl and epoxy groups. The developed methods efficiently improve the barrier properties, reducing the oxygen permeability by 15-33 times in comparison with polynorbornene. The obtained results are promising for various applications and can be extended to a broader family of polydienes and other polymers containing backbone double bonds.},
}

@article {pmid35159210,
year = {2022},
author = {Grigorenko, AP and Protasova, MS and Lisenkova, AA and Reshetov, DA and Andreeva, TV and Garcias, GL and Martino Roth, MDG and Papassotiropoulos, A and Rogaev, EI},
title = {Neurodevelopmental Syndrome with Intellectual Disability, Speech Impairment, and Quadrupedia Is Associated with Glutamate Receptor Delta 2 Gene Defect.},
journal = {Cells},
volume = {11},
number = {3},
pages = {},
pmid = {35159210},
issn = {2073-4409},
mesh = {Adult ; Exons ; Humans ; *Intellectual Disability/genetics ; *Neurodevelopmental Disorders/genetics ; *Receptors, Glutamate/genetics ; *Speech Disorders/genetics ; Syndrome ; },
abstract = {Bipedalism, speech, and intellect are the most prominent traits that emerged in the evolution of Homo sapiens. Here, we describe a novel genetic cause of an "involution" phenotype in four patients, who are characterized by quadrupedal locomotion, intellectual impairment, the absence of speech, small stature, and hirsutism, observed in a consanguineous Brazilian family. Using whole-genome sequencing analysis and homozygous genetic mapping, we identified genes bearing homozygous genetic variants and found a homozygous 36.2 kb deletion in the gene of glutamate receptor delta 2 (GRID2) in the patients, resulting in the lack of a coding region from the fifth to the seventh exons. The GRID2 gene is highly expressed in the cerebellum cortex from prenatal development to adulthood, specifically in Purkinje neurons. Deletion in this gene leads to the loss of the alpha chain in the extracellular amino-terminal protein domain (ATD), essential in protein folding and transport from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the cell surface. Then, we studied the evolutionary trajectories of the GRID2 gene. There was no sign of strong selection of the highly conservative GRID2 gene in ancient hominids (Neanderthals and Denisovans) or modern humans; however, according to in silico tests using the Mfold tool, the GRID2 gene possibly gained human-specific mutations that increased the stability of GRID2 mRNA.},
}

Adult
Exons
Humans
*Intellectual Disability/genetics
*Neurodevelopmental Disorders/genetics
*Receptors, Glutamate/genetics
*Speech Disorders/genetics
Syndrome

@article {pmid35143674,
year = {2022},
author = {Göllner, T and Larena, M and Kutanan, W and Lukas, H and Fieder, M and Schaschl, H},
title = {Unveiling the Genetic History of the Maniq, a Primary Hunter-Gatherer Society.},
journal = {Genome biology and evolution},
volume = {14},
number = {4},
pages = {},
pmid = {35143674},
issn = {1759-6653},
mesh = {Animals ; Asia, Southeastern ; *Asians ; Genetics, Population ; Humans ; *Neanderthals/genetics ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Thailand ; },
abstract = {The Maniq of southern Thailand is one of the last remaining practicing hunter-gatherer communities in the world. However, our knowledge on their genetic origins and demographic history is still largely limited. We present here the genotype data covering ∼2.3 million single nucleotide polymorphisms of 11 unrelated Maniq individuals. Our analyses reveal the Maniq to be closely related to the Semang populations of Malaysia (Malay Negritos), who altogether carry an Andamanese-related ancestry linked to the ancient Hòabìnhian hunter-gatherers of Mainland Southeast Asia (MSEA). Moreover, the Maniq possess ∼35% East Asian-related ancestry, likely brought about by recent admixture with surrounding agriculturist communities in the region. In addition, the Maniq exhibit one of the highest levels of genetic differentiation found among living human populations, indicative of their small population size and historical practice of endogamy. Similar to other hunter-gatherer populations of MSEA, we also find the Maniq to possess low levels of Neanderthal ancestry and undetectable levels of Denisovan ancestry. Altogether, we reveal the Maniq to be a Semang group that experienced intense genetic drift and exhibits signs of ancient Hòabìnhian ancestry.},
}

Animals
Asia, Southeastern
*Asians
Genetics, Population
Humans
*Neanderthals/genetics
Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
Thailand

@article {pmid35138885,
year = {2022},
author = {Slimak, L and Zanolli, C and Higham, T and Frouin, M and Schwenninger, JL and Arnold, LJ and Demuro, M and Douka, K and Mercier, N and Guérin, G and Valladas, H and Yvorra, P and Giraud, Y and Seguin-Orlando, A and Orlando, L and Lewis, JE and Muth, X and Camus, H and Vandevelde, S and Buckley, M and Mallol, C and Stringer, C and Metz, L},
title = {Modern human incursion into Neanderthal territories 54,000 years ago at Mandrin, France.},
journal = {Science advances},
volume = {8},
number = {6},
pages = {eabj9496},
pmid = {35138885},
issn = {2375-2548},
abstract = {Determining the extent of overlap between modern humans and other hominins in Eurasia, such as Neanderthals and Denisovans, is fundamental to understanding the nature of their interactions and what led to the disappearance of archaic hominins. Apart from a possible sporadic pulse recorded in Greece during the Middle Pleistocene, the first settlements of modern humans in Europe have been constrained to ~45,000 to 43,000 years ago. Here, we report hominin fossils from Grotte Mandrin in France that reveal the earliest known presence of modern humans in Europe between 56,800 and 51,700 years ago. This early modern human incursion in the Rhône Valley is associated with technologies unknown in any industry of that age outside Africa or the Levant. Mandrin documents the first alternating occupation of Neanderthals and modern humans, with a modern human fossil and associated Neronian lithic industry found stratigraphically between layers containing Neanderthal remains associated with Mousterian industries.},
}

@article {pmid35075148,
year = {2022},
author = {Morley, MW and Goldberg, P and Uliyanov, VA and Kozlikin, MB and Shunkov, MV and Derevianko, AP and Jacobs, Z and Roberts, RG},
title = {Author Correction: Hominin and animal activities in the microstratigraphic record from Denisova Cave (Altai Mountains, Russia).},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {12},
number = {1},
pages = {1545},
doi = {10.1038/s41598-021-03251-6},
pmid = {35075148},
issn = {2045-2322},
}

@article {pmid34971813,
year = {2022},
author = {Shchenkov, SV and Sokolov, SG and Denisova, SA},
title = {Phylogenetic position of Atriophallophorus minutus (Trematoda: Microphallidae), the type-species of the genus Atriophallophorus Deblock & Rosé, 1964, based on partial 28S rDNA gene sequence.},
journal = {Parasitology international},
volume = {87},
number = {},
pages = {102534},
doi = {10.1016/j.parint.2021.102534},
pmid = {34971813},
issn = {1873-0329},
mesh = {Animals ; DNA, Ribosomal/genetics ; Phylogeny ; RNA, Ribosomal, 28S/genetics ; Snails/*parasitology ; Trematoda/anatomy & histology/*classification/genetics ; Trematode Infections/*parasitology ; },
abstract = {We found metacercariae of a microphallid trematode Atriophallophorus minutus in freshwater snails Bithynia tentaculata. In this study, we provide a morphological description of whole-mount specimens and semi-thin sections of experimentally grown adults of this species. Our morphological examination supports the idea that the adults of Atriophallophorus spp. have a ventral sucker with a sinistral interruption of the outer edge. In the 28S rDNA gene-based phylogenetic analyses, our specimens of A. minutus were grouped into Atriophallophorus spp. clade, as a sister taxon to Atriophallophorus winterbourni + Atriophallophorus sp. Analysis of the pairwise genetic distances between coI mtDNA gene sequences revealed a low divergence between the two specimens of A. minutus (1.1%) and a greater divergence (up to 16.6%) between them and A. winterbourni. Since other Atriophallophorus spp. are known to have a strict specificity to the polyvalent intermediate host, we suggest that A. minutus reported from different snail species may represent a complex of cryptic species.},
}

Animals
DNA, Ribosomal/genetics
Phylogeny
RNA, Ribosomal, 28S/genetics
Snails/*parasitology
Trematoda/anatomy & histology/*classification/genetics
Trematode Infections/*parasitology

@article {pmid34969841,
year = {2022},
author = {Massilani, D and Morley, MW and Mentzer, SM and Aldeias, V and Vernot, B and Miller, C and Stahlschmidt, M and Kozlikin, MB and Shunkov, MV and Derevianko, AP and Conard, NJ and Wurz, S and Henshilwood, CS and Vasquez, J and Essel, E and Nagel, S and Richter, J and Nickel, B and Roberts, RG and Pääbo, S and Slon, V and Goldberg, P and Meyer, M},
title = {Microstratigraphic preservation of ancient faunal and hominin DNA in Pleistocene cave sediments.},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
volume = {119},
number = {1},
pages = {},
pmid = {34969841},
issn = {1091-6490},
mesh = {Animals ; *Caves ; *DNA, Ancient ; *Fossils ; Hominidae/*genetics ; Neanderthals/*genetics ; },
abstract = {Ancient DNA recovered from Pleistocene sediments represents a rich resource for the study of past hominin and environmental diversity. However, little is known about how DNA is preserved in sediments and the extent to which it may be translocated between archaeological strata. Here, we investigate DNA preservation in 47 blocks of resin-impregnated archaeological sediment collected over the last four decades for micromorphological analyses at 13 prehistoric sites in Europe, Asia, Africa, and North America and show that such blocks can preserve DNA of hominins and other mammals. Extensive microsampling of sediment blocks from Denisova Cave in the Altai Mountains reveals that the taxonomic composition of mammalian DNA differs drastically at the millimeter-scale and that DNA is concentrated in small particles, especially in fragments of bone and feces (coprolites), suggesting that these are substantial sources of DNA in sediments. Three microsamples taken in close proximity in one of the blocks yielded Neanderthal DNA from at least two male individuals closely related to Denisova 5, a Neanderthal toe bone previously recovered from the same layer. Our work indicates that DNA can remain stably localized in sediments over time and provides a means of linking genetic information to the archaeological and ecological records on a microstratigraphic scale.},
}

Animals
*Caves
*DNA, Ancient
*Fossils
Hominidae/*genetics
Neanderthals/*genetics

@article {pmid34964332,
year = {2021},
author = {Soldatskiy, YL and Bulynko, SA and Denisova, OA and Edgem, SR and Kovalets, ES},
title = {[Features of the clinic, diagnosis and treatment of parapharyngeal abscesses in children: analysis of 121 observations].},
journal = {Vestnik otorinolaringologii},
volume = {86},
number = {6},
pages = {62-68},
doi = {10.17116/otorino20218606162},
pmid = {34964332},
issn = {0042-4668},
mesh = {Child ; Child, Preschool ; Humans ; Neck ; *Pharyngeal Diseases/diagnostic imaging/therapy ; *Retropharyngeal Abscess/diagnostic imaging/epidemiology ; Retrospective Studies ; *Tonsillectomy ; },
abstract = {UNLABELLED: Parapharyngeal and retropharyngeal abscesses (PPA) in children are a rare pathology, for the diagnosis of which it is necessary to use additional instrumental examination methods. The tactics of treating patients remains a subject of discussion.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the features of the clinic, diagnosis and treatment of PPA in children.

MATERIAL AND METHODS: According to the hospital database, a retrospective analysis of the medical histories of children discharged from the clinic with a diagnosis of "J39.0 Retropharyngeal and parapharyngeal abscess" was carried out in the period from 01.01.14 to 31.12.19. In all cases, the diagnosis was confirmed by computed tomography (CT) data with contrast enhancement. Complaints at the time of treatment, anamnesis and instrumental diagnosis data, clinical features of the course of the disease and the effectiveness of treatment were analyzed.

RESULTS: 121 children were treated for PPA (average age 73±41 months; Me=52.5 months), which is 0.4% of all hospitalized in the otorhinolaryngological department, 0.7% of the number of emergency hospitalizations, 0.8% of the number of hospitalized children with pharyngeal diseases, and 8.3% of the number of patients with pharyngeal abscess. Abscesses were more often localized in the upper pharynx, at the level of the I-II cervical vertebrae (49.6% of all observations); abscesses were found least often in the pharyngeal space (5.8%), there was no statistically significant difference between the right-sided and left-sided location: 47.9% and 46.2%, respectively. Surgical treatment was performed in 98 (81%) patients in the presence of an abscess capsule or an abscess diameter of more than 2 cm according to CT; the remaining 23 (19%) children were treated conservatively. The opening of the abscess was performed endopharyngeal, in the case of a pronounced deep lateral location of the abscess and its proximity to large blood vessels - with access through the tonsillar niche after preliminary tonsillectomy (19.4% of those operated).

CONCLUSION: The final diagnosis of parapharyngeal and retropharyngeal abscess can be established by contrast-enhanced computed tomography. Conservative treatment is indicated for a limited group of patients at the initial stages of the disease, most patients need surgical treatment.},
}

Child
Child, Preschool
Humans
Neck
*Pharyngeal Diseases/diagnostic imaging/therapy
*Retropharyngeal Abscess/diagnostic imaging/epidemiology
Retrospective Studies
*Tonsillectomy

@article {pmid34946819,
year = {2021},
author = {Filippenkov, IB and Stavchansky, VV and Denisova, AE and Valieva, LV and Remizova, JA and Mozgovoy, IV and Zaytceva, EI and Gubsky, LV and Limborska, SA and Dergunova, LV},
title = {Genome-Wide RNA-Sequencing Reveals Massive Circular RNA Expression Changes of the Neurotransmission Genes in the Rat Brain after Ischemia-Reperfusion.},
journal = {Genes},
volume = {12},
number = {12},
pages = {},
pmid = {34946819},
issn = {2073-4425},
mesh = {Animals ; Brain/pathology ; Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery/*genetics ; Male ; MicroRNAs/genetics ; RNA, Circular/*genetics ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; RNA-Seq/methods ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Sequence Analysis, RNA/methods ; Signal Transduction/genetics ; Stroke/genetics ; Synaptic Transmission/*genetics ; },
abstract = {Ischemic brain stroke is one of the most serious and socially significant diseases. In addition to messenger RNAs (mRNAs), encoding protein, the study of regulatory RNAs in ischemic has exceptional importance for the development of new strategies for neuroprotection. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have a closed structure, predominantly brain-specific expression, and remain highly promising targets of research. They can interact with microRNAs (miRNAs), diminish their activity and thereby inhibit miRNA-mediated repression of mRNA. Genome-wide RNA-Seq analysis of the subcortical structures of the rat brain containing an ischemic damage focus and penumbra area revealed 395 circRNAs changed their expression significantly at 24 h after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion model (tMCAO) conditions. Furthermore, functional annotation revealed their association with neuroactive signaling pathways. It was found that about a third of the differentially expressed circRNAs (DECs) originate from genes whose mRNA levels also changed at 24 h after tMCAO. The other DECs originate from genes encoding non-regulated mRNAs under tMCAO conditions. In addition, bioinformatic analysis predicted a circRNA-miRNA-mRNA network which was associated with the neurotransmission signaling regulation. Our results show that such circRNAs can persist as potential miRNA sponges for the protection of mRNAs of neurotransmitter genes. The results expanded our views about the neurotransmission regulation in the rat brain after ischemia-reperfusion with circRNA action.},
}

Animals
Brain/pathology
Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery/*genetics
Male
MicroRNAs/genetics
RNA, Circular/*genetics
RNA, Messenger/genetics
RNA-Seq/methods
Rats
Rats, Wistar
Sequence Analysis, RNA/methods
Signal Transduction/genetics
Stroke/genetics
Synaptic Transmission/*genetics

@article {pmid34943946,
year = {2021},
author = {Makarova, E and Kazantseva, A and Dubinina, A and Denisova, E and Jakovleva, T and Balybina, N and Bgatova, N and Baranov, K and Bazhan, N},
title = {Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 (FGF21) Administration Sex-Specifically Affects Blood Insulin Levels and Liver Steatosis in Obese A[y] Mice.},
journal = {Cells},
volume = {10},
number = {12},
pages = {},
pmid = {34943946},
issn = {2073-4409},
mesh = {Animals ; Diet, High-Fat ; Energy Metabolism/genetics ; Fatty Liver/blood/*drug therapy ; Female ; Fibroblast Growth Factors/genetics/*pharmacology ; Humans ; Insulin/*blood ; Insulin Receptor Substrate Proteins/genetics ; Insulin Resistance/genetics ; Liver/*metabolism/pathology ; Male ; Melanocortins/toxicity ; Mice ; Mice, Obese ; Obesity/blood/chemically induced/*drug therapy/genetics ; Sex Characteristics ; Triglycerides/metabolism ; Uncoupling Protein 1/genetics ; },
abstract = {FGF21 is a promising candidate for treating obesity, diabetes, and NAFLD; however, some of its pharmacological effects are sex-specific in mice with the A[y] mutation that evokes melanocortin receptor 4 blockade, obesity, and hepatosteatosis. This suggests that the ability of FGF21 to correct melanocortin obesity may depend on sex. This study compares FGF21 action on food intake, locomotor activity, gene expression, metabolic characteristics, and liver state in obese A[y] males and females. A[y] mice were administered FGF21 for seven days, and metabolic parameters and gene expression in different tissues were assessed. Placebo-treated females were more obese than males and had lower levels of blood insulin and liver triglycerides, and higher expression of genes for insulin signaling in the liver, white adipose tissue (WAT) and muscles, and pro-inflammatory cytokines in the liver. FGF21 administration did not affect body weight, and increased food intake, locomotor activity, expression of Fgf21 and Ucp1 in brown fat and genes related to lipolysis and insulin action in WAT regardless of sex; however, it decreased hyperinsulinemia and hepatic lipid accumulation and increased muscle expression of Cpt1 and Irs1 only in males. Thus, FGF21's beneficial effects on metabolic disorders associated with melanocortin obesity are more pronounced in males.},
}

Animals
Diet, High-Fat
Energy Metabolism/genetics
Fatty Liver/blood/*drug therapy
Female
Fibroblast Growth Factors/genetics/*pharmacology
Humans
Insulin/*blood
Insulin Receptor Substrate Proteins/genetics
Insulin Resistance/genetics
Liver/*metabolism/pathology
Male
Melanocortins/toxicity
Mice
Mice, Obese
Obesity/blood/chemically induced/*drug therapy/genetics
Sex Characteristics
Triglycerides/metabolism
Uncoupling Protein 1/genetics

@article {pmid34942109,
year = {2022},
author = {Bouaziz, M and Cheng, T and Minuti, A and Denisova, K and Barmettler, A},
title = {Shared Decision Making in Ophthalmology: A Scoping Review.},
journal = {American journal of ophthalmology},
volume = {237},
number = {},
pages = {146-153},
doi = {10.1016/j.ajo.2021.12.005},
pmid = {34942109},
issn = {1879-1891},
mesh = {*Cataract ; Decision Making ; Decision Making, Shared ; *Glaucoma ; Humans ; *Ophthalmology ; Patient Participation ; },
abstract = {PURPOSE: Shared decision making (SDM) has been associated with improved patient satisfaction and outcomes in both medical and surgical specialties, but its role in ophthalmology has not been systematically examined. Using a scoping review of the literature, the purpose of this study was to explore the characteristics, implementation, and outcomes of SDM in ophthalmology.

DESIGN: Scoping review of the literature.

METHODS: Searches were conducted in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials through August 2021 for SDM in ophthalmology. The resulting 1602 studies were screened by 2 independent reviewers with 57 full-text articles examined for inclusion of an ophthalmologic diagnosis, as well as discussion of SDM or patient decision aids. Nineteen studies were eligible and qualitatively coded for 11 predetermined codes, which included patient outcomes, patient and physician requests for SDM, and methods of implementation.

RESULTS: Of 19 included studies, all emphasized the value of SDM for ophthalmology and 2 studies reported improved patient outcomes. The most commonly examined topics were chronic ophthalmic diseases, such as cataracts and glaucoma. Limitations to SDM implementation were also universally discussed, including patients' lack of disease knowledge, communication barriers, and time restrictions. Although patient decision aids are an effective tool to mitigate these limitations, these have only been established for the subjects of cataracts and glaucoma.

CONCLUSION: SDM is a methodology for patient-centered care that is regarded as a potentially useful tool in the field of ophthalmology. However, significant barriers exist to its effective implementation. Evidence-based research on if and how these barriers should be attenuated, as well as the development of additional patient decision aids for different ophthalmic diseases, are needed.},
}

*Cataract
Decision Making
Decision Making, Shared
*Glaucoma
Humans
*Ophthalmology
Patient Participation

@article {pmid34937535,
year = {2021},
author = {Zhur, KV and Trifonov, VA and Prokhortchouk, EB},
title = {Progress and Prospects in Epigenetic Studies of Ancient DNA.},
journal = {Biochemistry. Biokhimiia},
volume = {86},
number = {12},
pages = {1563-1571},
doi = {10.1134/S0006297921120051},
pmid = {34937535},
issn = {1608-3040},
mesh = {Animals ; *DNA Methylation ; *DNA, Ancient ; *Epigenesis, Genetic ; Epigenomics/trends ; *Evolution, Molecular ; Human Migration ; Humans ; Neanderthals/*genetics ; },
abstract = {Development of technologies for high-throughput whole-genome sequencing and improvement of sample preparation techniques made it possible to study ancient DNA (aDNA) from archaeological samples over a million year old. The studies of aDNA have shed light on the history of human migration, replacement of populations, interbreeding of Cro-Magnons with Neanderthals and Denisovans, evolution of human pathogens, etc. Equally important is the possibility to investigate epigenetic modifications of ancient genomes, which has allowed to obtain previously inaccessible information on gene expression, nucleosome positioning, and DNA methylation. Analysis of methylation status of certain genomic sites can predict an individual's age at death and reconstruct some phenotypic features, as it was done for the Denisovan genome, and even to elucidate unfavorable environmental factors that had affected this archaic individual. In this review, we discuss current progress in epigenetic studies of aDNA, including methodological approaches and promising research directions in this field.},
}

Animals
*DNA Methylation
*DNA, Ancient
*Epigenesis, Genetic
Epigenomics/trends
*Evolution, Molecular
Human Migration
Humans
Neanderthals/*genetics

@article {pmid34937505,
year = {2021},
author = {Yarmolinskaya, M and Denisova, A and Tkachenko, N and Ivashenko, T and Bespalova, O and Tolibova, G and Tral, T},
title = {Vitamin D significance in pathogenesis of endometriosis.},
journal = {Gynecological endocrinology : the official journal of the International Society of Gynecological Endocrinology},
volume = {37},
number = {sup1},
pages = {40-43},
doi = {10.1080/09513590.2021.2006516},
pmid = {34937505},
issn = {1473-0766},
mesh = {Ascitic Fluid/*metabolism ; Case-Control Studies ; Endometriosis/blood/genetics/*metabolism ; Female ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genotype ; Humans ; *Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Receptors, Calcitriol/*genetics ; Vitamin D/*analogs & derivatives/blood ; },
abstract = {UNLABELLED: Genital endometriosis (GE) is a widespread multifactorial disease thus making it necessary to carry on studying its pathogeny in order to work out target therapy techniques. Studying vitamin D role in GE pathogeny is a new promising research trend.

PATIENTS AND TECHNIQUE: 25(ОН)D level was determined in peripheral blood (PB) of 440 patients with GE and in peritoneal fluid (PF) - in 49 GE patients; the same test in PB was performed in 30 patients of the control group with the ovulatory menstrual cycle and no gynecologic pathology. 129 patients with GE, as well as 82 women of the control, underwent examination of vitamin D receptor (VDR) polymorphism gene in BsmI, FokI, and TaqI polymorphic locus. We examined vitamin D receptor expression in the eutopic and ectopic endometrium in 32 women with GE and in the endometrium of 20 women from the control group. We also compared the efficacy of combined therapy involving colecalciferol to the standard hormone modulating therapy.

RESULTS: It was established that the prevalent GE forms are characterized by lower 25(ОН)D levels both in PB and in PF. It was also found that G/G genotype of VDR BsmI gene polymorphic variant 1.9 times increases GE occurrence risk. VDR expression was authentically lower in the ectopic endometrium compared to the eutopic endometrium. Patients with GE show no VDR expression cyclic variations in the endometrium which is contrary to the control. Therapy in combination with colecalciferol promotes a more expressed decrease of endometriosis-associated pain syndrome and psycho-emotional stabilization of GE patients compared to the standard hormone modulating therapy.

CONCLUSION: Vitamin D deficiency plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of GE and Vit D may be applied as its targeted therapy.},
}

Ascitic Fluid/*metabolism
Case-Control Studies
Endometriosis/blood/genetics/*metabolism
Female
Genetic Predisposition to Disease
Genotype
Humans
*Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
Receptors, Calcitriol/*genetics
Vitamin D/*analogs & derivatives/blood

@article {pmid34919805,
year = {2022},
author = {Natri, HM and Hudjashov, G and Jacobs, G and Kusuma, P and Saag, L and Darusallam, CC and Metspalu, M and Sudoyo, H and Cox, MP and Gallego Romero, I and Banovich, NE},
title = {Genetic architecture of gene regulation in Indonesian populations identifies QTLs associated with global and local ancestries.},
journal = {American journal of human genetics},
volume = {109},
number = {1},
pages = {50-65},
pmid = {34919805},
issn = {1537-6605},
mesh = {Computational Biology/methods ; DNA Methylation ; Databases, Genetic ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; *Genetics, Population ; *Genome, Human ; Genome-Wide Association Study ; Genomics/methods ; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing ; Humans ; Indonesia ; Male ; Models, Genetic ; Molecular Sequence Annotation ; Multifactorial Inheritance ; *Quantitative Trait Loci ; Quantitative Trait, Heritable ; Selection, Genetic ; Whole Genome Sequencing ; },
abstract = {Lack of diversity in human genomics limits our understanding of the genetic underpinnings of complex traits, hinders precision medicine, and contributes to health disparities. To map genetic effects on gene regulation in the underrepresented Indonesian population, we have integrated genotype, gene expression, and CpG methylation data from 115 participants across three island populations that capture the major sources of genomic diversity in the region. In a comparison with European datasets, we identify eQTLs shared between Indonesia and Europe as well as population-specific eQTLs that exhibit differences in allele frequencies and/or overall expression levels between populations. By combining local ancestry and archaic introgression inference with eQTLs and methylQTLs, we identify regulatory loci driven by modern Papuan ancestry as well as introgressed Denisovan and Neanderthal variation. GWAS colocalization connects QTLs detected here to hematological traits, and further comparison with European datasets reflects the poor overall transferability of GWAS statistics across diverse populations. Our findings illustrate how population-specific genetic architecture, local ancestry, and archaic introgression drive variation in gene regulation across genetically distinct and in admixed populations and highlight the need for performing association studies on non-European populations.},
}

Computational Biology/methods
DNA Methylation
Databases, Genetic
*Gene Expression Regulation
*Genetics, Population
*Genome, Human
Genome-Wide Association Study
Genomics/methods
High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing
Humans
Indonesia
Male
Models, Genetic
Molecular Sequence Annotation
Multifactorial Inheritance
*Quantitative Trait Loci
Quantitative Trait, Heritable
Selection, Genetic
Whole Genome Sequencing

@article {pmid34914745,
year = {2021},
author = {Hayakawa, T and Terahara, M and Fujito, NT and Matsunaga, T and Teshima, KM and Hane, M and Kitajima, K and Sato, C and Takahata, N and Satta, Y},
title = {Lower promoter activity of the ST8SIA2 gene has been favored in evolving human collective brains.},
journal = {PloS one},
volume = {16},
number = {12},
pages = {e0259897},
pmid = {34914745},
issn = {1932-6203},
mesh = {Animals ; Brain/*enzymology ; Databases, Genetic ; Genetic Loci ; Haplotypes ; Humans ; Neanderthals/genetics ; Phylogeny ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Schizophrenia/genetics/pathology ; Sialyltransferases/classification/*genetics ; },
abstract = {ST8SIA2 is an important molecule regulating expression of the phenotype involved in schizophrenia. Lowered promoter activity of the ST8SIA2 gene is considered to be protective against schizophrenia by conferring tolerance to psychosocial stress. Here, we examined the promoter-type composition of anatomically modern humans (AMHs) and archaic humans (AHs; Neanderthals and Denisovans), and compared the promoter activity at the population level (population promoter activity; PPA) between them. In AMHs, the TCT-type, showing the second lowest promoter activity, was most prevalent in the ancestral population of non-Africans. However, the detection of only the CGT-type from AH samples and recombination tracts in AH sequences showed that the CGT- and TGT-types, exhibiting the two highest promoter activities, were common in AH populations. Furthermore, interspecies gene flow occurred into AMHs from AHs and into Denisovans from Neanderthals, influencing promoter-type compositions independently in both AMHs and AHs. The difference of promoter-type composition makes PPA unique in each population. East and Southeast Asian populations show the lowest PPA. This results from the selective increase of the CGC-type, showing the lowest promoter activity, in these populations. Every non-African population shows significantly lower PPA than African populations, resulting from the TCT-type having the highest prevalence in the ancestral population of non-Africans. In addition, PPA reduction is also found among subpopulations within Africa via a slight increase of the TCT-type. These findings indicate a trend toward lower PPA in the spread of AMHs, interpreted as a continuous adaptation to psychosocial stress arising in migration. This trend is considered as genetic tuning for the evolution of collective brains. The inferred promoter-type composition of AHs differed markedly from that of AMHs, resulting in higher PPA in AHs than in AMHs. This suggests that the trend toward lower PPA is a unique feature in AMH spread.},
}

Animals
Brain/*enzymology
Databases, Genetic
Genetic Loci
Haplotypes
Humans
Neanderthals/genetics
Phylogeny
Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
Promoter Regions, Genetic
Schizophrenia/genetics/pathology
Sialyltransferases/classification/*genetics

@article {pmid34897770,
year = {2022},
author = {Shunatova, N and Serova, K and Denisova, S and Shchenkov, S and Ostrovsky, A},
title = {Small, but smart: Fine structure of an avicularium in Dendrobeania fruticosa (Bryozoa: Cheilostomata).},
journal = {Journal of morphology},
volume = {283},
number = {2},
pages = {174-206},
doi = {10.1002/jmor.21436},
pmid = {34897770},
issn = {1097-4687},
mesh = {Animals ; *Bryozoa ; Epidermal Cells ; Epidermis ; Extracellular Matrix ; Torso ; },
abstract = {Bryozoans are small benthic suspension-feeding colonial animals. Among this phylum, there are representatives showing a lesser or greater degree of polymorphism, and the most common type of polymorphic zooids is the avicularium. Here we present a detailed description of the bird's-head shaped avicularium in Dendrobeania fruticosa. The body cavity of the avicularium demonstrates an acoelomate condition: along the cystid walls, there is neither the layer of extracellular matrix toward the epidermis, nor coelomic lining. However, a layer of extracellular matrix and epithelialized cells lie under the epidermis of the tentacle sheath. Probably, such construction helps the tentacle sheath to acquire some rigidity-it is the only region of the body wall without an ectocyst. We did not find typical funicular strands in the avicularium, but there is a delicate mesh composed of stellate cells with thin and long projections, which sometimes isolate the spaces filled with a heterogeneous matrix. The proximal ends of the adductors, abductors, and polypide retractors are attached to the body wall via typical epidermal tendon cells, which possess numerous bundles of tonofilaments. The distal ends of the abductors and adductors attach to the frontal membrane or upper vestibular membrane, respectively. The inner organic layer of the ectocyst in these regions forms large protrusions, from which numerous thin outgrowths branch off. We suggest them to be a functional analogue of apodemes and apodemal filaments in arthropods. "Apodemal" tendon cells have long and thin projections that line the outgrowths of the ectocyst and surround the distal ends of the muscle cells. At these sites, "apodemal" tendon cells possess numerous tonofilaments. The vestigial polypide includes the tentacle sheath, rudimentary lophophore, cerebral ganglion, and polypide retractors. The sensory part of 5HT-positive cells of the frontal membrane is dendrite-shaped and embedded in the inner organic layer of the ectocyst.},
}

Animals
*Bryozoa
Epidermal Cells
Epidermis
Extracellular Matrix
Torso

@article {pmid34872977,
year = {2022},
author = {Hubert, L and Paganini, J and Picard, C and Chiaroni, J and Abi-Rached, L and Pontarotti, P and Di Cristofaro, J},
title = {HLA-H*02:07 Is a Membrane-Bound Ligand of Denisovan Origin That Protects against Lysis by Activated Immune Effectors.},
journal = {Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)},
volume = {208},
number = {1},
pages = {49-53},
doi = {10.4049/jimmunol.2100358},
pmid = {34872977},
issn = {1550-6606},
mesh = {Alleles ; Asians ; Cell Membrane/*metabolism ; Cytotoxicity, Immunologic ; Evolution, Molecular ; Gene Frequency ; *Genotype ; HLA-A11 Antigen/genetics ; Haplotypes ; Hemochromatosis Protein/*genetics/metabolism ; Homeostasis ; Humans ; Immune Tolerance ; K562 Cells ; Killer Cells, Natural/*immunology ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Pseudogenes/*genetics ; Whites ; },
abstract = {The biological relevance of genes initially categorized as "pseudogenes" is slowly emerging, notably in innate immunity. In the HLA region on chromosome 6, HLA-H is one such pseudogene; yet, it is transcribed, and its variation is associated with immune properties. Furthermore, two HLA-H alleles, H*02:07 and H*02:14, putatively encode a complete, membrane-bound HLA protein. Here we thus hypothesized that HLA-H contributes to immune homeostasis similarly to tolerogenic molecules HLA-G, -E, and -F. We tested if HLA-H*02:07 encodes a membrane-bound protein that can inhibit the cytotoxicity of effector cells. We used an HLA-null human erythroblast cell line transduced with HLA-H*02:07 cDNA to demonstrate that HLA-H*02:07 encodes a membrane-bound protein. Additionally, using a cytotoxicity assay, our results support that K562 HLA-H*02:07 inhibits human effector IL-2-activated PBMCs and human IL-2-independent NK92-MI cell line activity. Finally, through in silico genotyping of the Denisovan genome and haplotypic association with Denisovan-derived HLA-A*11, we also show that H*02:07 is of archaic origin. Hence, admixture with archaic humans brought a functional HLA-H allele into modern European and Asian populations.},
}

Alleles
Asians
Cell Membrane/*metabolism
Cytotoxicity, Immunologic
Evolution, Molecular
Gene Frequency
*Genotype
HLA-A11 Antigen/genetics
Haplotypes
Hemochromatosis Protein/*genetics/metabolism
Homeostasis
Humans
Immune Tolerance
K562 Cells
Killer Cells, Natural/*immunology
Lymphocyte Activation
Pseudogenes/*genetics
Whites