@article {pmid42570966,
year = {2026},
author = {Prendergast, PJ and Bishop, HV and Herbold, CW and Verdu, EF and Dobson, RCJ and Day, AS and Ogilvie, OJ},
title = {Author Correction: Comprehensive cross-cohort analysis reveals global gut microbiome signatures of celiac disease.},
journal = {Communications medicine},
volume = {6},
number = {1},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1038/s43856-026-01832-y},
pmid = {42570966},
issn = {2730-664X},
}

@article {pmid42571013,
year = {2026},
author = {Pilkowski, AE and Schaal, P and Leibold, L and Seybold, B and Schenz, J and Dalpke, AH and Weigand, MA and Cheaib, BA and Boutin, S and Fiedler-Kalenka, MO},
title = {Airway microbial compartmentalization under mechanical ventilation: a randomized pilot study comparing an endotracheal tube with suction and continuous cuff pressure control (Venner PneuX[®]) to standard intubation.},
journal = {Respiratory research},
volume = {27},
number = {1},
pages = {},
pmid = {42571013},
issn = {1465-993X},
mesh = {Humans ; Pilot Projects ; *Intubation, Intratracheal/instrumentation/methods/adverse effects/standards ; Male ; Female ; Suction/methods/instrumentation ; Prospective Studies ; Middle Aged ; Aged ; *Respiration, Artificial/adverse effects/methods/instrumentation ; *Pneumonia, Ventilator-Associated/microbiology/prevention & control/diagnosis ; *Microbiota/physiology ; },
abstract = {OBJECTIVES: Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is driven in part by microaspiration along the endotracheal tube cuff, a process difficult to measure directly in ventilated patients. Because microbial communities differ between airway compartments, changes in their similarity over time may serve as an indirect readout of microaspiration. We assessed whether the Venner PneuX[®] Tube (VT) system, combining cuff-pressure monitoring, subglottic suction, and a biofilm-resistant coating, reduces microbial exchange between airway compartments compared with a standard endotracheal tube (ST).

METHODS: In a prospective, randomized, single-center pilot study, 50 adults with acute respiratory failure received an ST or VT intubation. Microbial communities from five airway niches (throat, tracheal secretions, right upper, right lower, and left lower lung lobes) were sampled by 16 S rRNA sequencing at intubation (T1), after four days of ventilation (T2) and, for the tube tip, at extubation (T3). The primary outcome was the change in beta diversity (Morisita-Horn distances) between tube-associated, upper-airway, and lower-airway communities from T1 to T2.

RESULTS: Twenty-one of 50 randomized patients had complete microbiota data sets (9 ST, 12 VT) and were comparable in demographics, comorbidities, severity, and ventilation duration. In the ST group, tube-associated communities became more similar to tracheal and lower-airway communities from T1 to T2 (e.g. TS-Tube Morisita-Horn 0.55 → 0.30, p = 0.001), while lung regions diverged from each other and from the throat (LLL-LRL 0.08 → 0.31, p = 0.003; LLL-Throat 0.30 → 0.61, p < 0.001). None of these distances changed significantly in the VT group. Lower-airway Shannon diversity declined in both groups, more in the VT group.

CONCLUSIONS: Standard intubation produced progressive microbial convergence between airway compartments, while the VT system did not. The findings provide biological plausibility for previously reported VAP reductions with the VT system and show that microbiota sampling can detect device-related differences in airway community structure, warranting further investigation as an endpoint for evaluating airway devices.

TRIAL REGISTRATION: The study is registered in the German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS- Deutsches Register für klinische Studien) under the clinical trial number: DRKS00029176. The Date of Trial Registration was 07.07.2022.},
}

Humans
Pilot Projects
*Intubation, Intratracheal/instrumentation/methods/adverse effects/standards
Male
Female
Suction/methods/instrumentation
Prospective Studies
Middle Aged
Aged
*Respiration, Artificial/adverse effects/methods/instrumentation
*Pneumonia, Ventilator-Associated/microbiology/prevention & control/diagnosis
*Microbiota/physiology

@article {pmid42571124,
year = {2026},
author = {Ardinata, D and Alferraly, TI and Yosi, A and Pase, MA},
title = {Insulin Resistance and Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Narrative Review of Molecular Mechanisms.},
journal = {Iranian journal of medical sciences},
volume = {51},
number = {7},
pages = {467-480},
pmid = {42571124},
issn = {1735-3688},
mesh = {Humans ; *Insulin Resistance/physiology ; *Skin Neoplasms/etiology/physiopathology/metabolism ; Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma ; *Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/etiology/physiopathology ; Oxidative Stress ; Signal Transduction ; Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism ; },
abstract = {Although the association between diabetes and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is well recognized, the specific role of insulin resistance (IR) as an independent driver of cSCC pathogenesis remains underexplored. This review synthesized emerging evidence on the ultraviolet (UV)-independent molecular mechanisms by which IR promotes cSCC initiation and progression. Hyperinsulinemia activates the insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R), which triggers both the mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MAPK/ERK) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt) pathways, stimulating keratinocyte proliferation and suppressing apoptosis. In parallel, hyperglycemia-driven formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and oxidative stress cause deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage and impair tumor suppressor functions, notably that of tumor protein p53 (TP53). The resulting reactive oxygen species (ROS) activate nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), establishing a chronic inflammatory milieu that remodels the tumor microenvironment through cytokines, including interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and by upregulating matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). These processes collectively facilitate the malignant transformation of actinic keratosis (AK) to invasive cSCC. The analysis in the present study identified novel therapeutic targets and reaffirmed the importance of further studies on microbiome interactions and lifestyle interventions for IR-associated cSCC.},
}

Humans
*Insulin Resistance/physiology
*Skin Neoplasms/etiology/physiopathology/metabolism
Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma
*Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/etiology/physiopathology
Oxidative Stress
Signal Transduction
Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism

@article {pmid42571126,
year = {2026},
author = {Fulcher, MR},
title = {Differentiation of the Foliar Microbiomes From Co-Occurring Grass Species Reflects Their Recency of Invasion.},
journal = {Ecology and evolution},
volume = {16},
number = {8},
pages = {e74128},
pmid = {42571126},
issn = {2045-7758},
abstract = {Above-ground microbial communities associated with non-native invasive plants are infrequently characterized, particularly during the early stages of an invasion event. This study compared the foliar fungal and bacterial microbiomes of two co-occurring invasive grasses found in the Mid-Atlantic United States, recently introduced Oplismenus undulatifolius and long-established Microstegium vimineum. Amplicon sequencing was used to characterize endophytic communities collected from replicate plots within two field sites, and microbial community diversity, composition, and structure were contrasted between hosts. Despite occupying the same niche space, these invasive grasses carried significantly different microbial communities. Oplismenus supported lower within-sample fungal diversity and greater among-sample heterogeneity than Microstegium, while differences in bacterial communities were weaker and depended on the diversity metric examined. Null model analyses suggested that assembly processes were host- and microbial kingdom-specific. The differences observed between hosts may have resulted from several non-exclusive mechanisms but were generally consistent with an incomplete establishment of stable host-associated symbioses by the more recent invader. Differential abundance analyses also identified multiple host-associated fungal and bacterial lineages, including increased representation of Glomerellales, Pleosporales, and Rhizobiales in Oplismenus. The results of this study contribute to our understanding of co-occurring invasive weed communities and provide insight into the formation of an emerging, invasive Oplismenus microbiome.},
}

@article {pmid42571245,
year = {2026},
author = {Bisschop, K and Wortel, MT and Kraaijeveld, K and Mariën, J and Rathmann, I and Bonte, D and Declerck, S and de Vos, M and Etienne, RS and Goossens, S and Kammenga, J and Mortier, F and Riksen, J and van der Zee, M and Verhoeven, K and Wiezer, S and Zandbergen, L and Egas, M and Ellers, J and Groot, AT and Visser, ME and Blankers, T},
title = {Additive effects of environmental and demographic variation shape the repeatability of evolution across replicated experiments.},
journal = {Evolution letters},
volume = {10},
number = {4},
pages = {382-395},
pmid = {42571245},
issn = {2056-3744},
abstract = {The repeatability of evolution is fundamentally important for understanding the origin and diversification of life as well as for developing evolutionary forecasting tools. Repeatability is limited by stochasticity, here defined as changes that are independent of genotypic fitness effects. Over short timescales, the two main sources of stochasticity of evolutionary change are environmental stochasticity and demographic (life-history) stochasticity. Quantifying the effect of these two sources of stochasticity and how they interact in driving fitness outcomes is crucially important for predicting contemporary evolutionary responses. To gain insights in the effects of stochasticity, five institutes replicated an evolutionary experiment exposing Caenorhabditis elegans to novel rearing conditions. Replication across the institutes led to variation in selective environments, including through divergent microbiomes among institutes. Replication within institutes was done across demographic treatments that influence the potential for population-size dependent fluctuations in allele frequencies (drift) and genetic hitchhiking (draft). We found high among-institute variation in fitness outcomes, which was partially explained by variation in microbiota. Whereas lab-specific effects explained most of the variance in mean fitness, the repeatability of fitness outcomes depended more on demographic heterogeneity. Specifically, population bottlenecks resulted in high among-replicate variation in fitness. When combined, environmental and demographic stochasticity additively reduced repeatability, underlining their additive importance in developing evolutionary forecasting tools. These results further highlight the importance of statistically integrating heterogeneity in experimental evolution to identify factors constraining outcome repeatability and study replicability.},
}

@article {pmid42571430,
year = {2026},
author = {Sa, R and Zhang, F and Zhang, X and Zhang, Y and Hou, S and Gui, L},
title = {Guanidinoacetic acid enhances Tibetan sheep-meat quality through the gut-muscle axis: insights from metabolome-microbiome integration.},
journal = {Food chemistry. Molecular sciences},
volume = {13},
number = {},
pages = {100440},
pmid = {42571430},
issn = {2666-5662},
abstract = {This study evaluated whether dietary guanidinoacetic acid (GAA) was associated with meat quality, jejunal microbiota and muscle metabolomic profiles in Tibetan sheep. A total of 120 healthy, 2-month-old, weaned male Tibetan sheep (17.33 ± 0.21 kg) were allocated to four groups: CON, basal diet (control group); LG, basal diet supplemented with 0.08% GAA; MG, basal diet supplemented with 0.10% GAA; HG, basal diet supplemented with 0.12% GAA. The feeding trial lasted 90 days after a 10-day adaptation. Compared with CON, 0.12% GAA was associated with higher relative abundances of selected jejunal taxa (Eubacterium_nodatum_group, Family_XIII_AD3011_group and Bacillus) and increased acetate and propionate concentrations. Untargeted metabolomics identified significantly altered muscle metabolites associated with glycerophospholipid metabolism, including PC 37:5, PC 38:4 and LPA 14:0. The HG group also showed higher glutathione peroxidase activity and total antioxidant capacity, a higher a* value and lower shear force. Correlation analyses indicated associations among jejunal microbiota, muscle metabolites and meat-quality traits. These findings provide further evidence supporting the potential use of dietary GAA as a feed additive for improving selected meat-quality traits in Tibetan sheep.},
}

@article {pmid42571478,
year = {2026},
author = {Abdah-Bortnyak, R and Brand, H and Finkelshtein, R and Perry, G and Shwartz, D and Brandwein, M and Katz, A and Nuriel-Ohayon, M and Shental, N and Ben-Simon, M and Billan, S and Luder, S},
title = {Characterization of skin microbiome profile before and during radiation therapy and its correlation to the occurrence and severity of radiation dermatitis.},
journal = {Clinical and translational radiation oncology},
volume = {60},
number = {},
pages = {101233},
pmid = {42571478},
issn = {2405-6308},
abstract = {PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES: The purpose of study is to characterize the skin microbiome profile of breast cancer patients before and during radiation therapy, and evaluate the relationship between the microbiome profile and the severity of acute radiation dermatitis (aRD).

MATERIALS/METHODS: In this observational, single-center, single-arm study, breast cancer patients received RT at Rambam Health Care Campus from November 2020 to July 2021. Skin assessments and skin microbiome samples were collected from all patients before, weekly during RT, after completion of the treatment. The outcome measures were: aRD grade, skin microbiome composition at baseline and during RT.

RESULTS: 640 skin samples were collected from 86 patients, bacterial DNA was extracted, and 16S rDNA was amplified and sequenced.At mid-treatment, the bacterial family Clostridiaceae was unique to patients later diagnosed with moderate/severe acute dermatitis, and present in 30% of the samples (p-value = 0.002038). An unknown species of Anaerococcus, designated Anaerococcus US436, was unique to patients in the moderate/severe aRD group at mid-treatment (21.67% in this group, p-value = 0.002038).To increase sample size and reduce noise, we collected all treated samples from all time points and compared the microbiome composition between the groups of dermatitis severity. The Clostridiaceae family and Clostridium genus remained significantly enriched in the moderate/severe group (p-value = 0.002095 and 0.004269, respectively), as well as the Anaerococcus genus and its unknown species (p-value = 0.001825 and 0.007104, respectively).The treated samples for each patient were summed up, and each bacterium was examined for at least one appearance per patient during the treatment. Granulicatella elegans was enriched in the moderate/severe group (p-value = 0.000512), and Bacillus thuringiensis was enriched in the mild group (p-value = 0.000595).

CONCLUSION: A bacterial composition associated with moderate/severe aRD was identified: Clostridium, Anaerococcus US436, and Granulicatella elegans.},
}

@article {pmid42571869,
year = {2026},
author = {Manzoor, M and Leskelä, J and Könönen, E and Lahti, L and Putaala, J and Pussinen, PJ and Paju, S},
title = {Shotgun Metagenomic Analysis Reveals Taxonomic and Functional Transitions in the Salivary Microbiome During Periodontal Disease Progression.},
journal = {Journal of clinical periodontology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/jcpe.70184},
pmid = {42571869},
issn = {1600-051X},
support = {296541//Research Council of Finland/ ; 316777//Research Council of Finland/ ; 355532//Research Council of Finland/ ; 340750//Research Council of Finland/ ; 369310//Research Council of Finland/ ; 286246//Research Council of Finland/ ; 318075//Research Council of Finland/ ; 322656//Research Council of Finland/ ; //Finnish Dental Society Apollonia/ ; //Sigrid Juselius Foundation/ ; TYH2014407//Helsinki and Uusimaa Hospital District/ ; TYH2018318//Helsinki and Uusimaa Hospital District/ ; },
abstract = {AIM: To characterise multi-kingdom salivary microbiome profiles across clinically defined periodontal states and identify stage-specific taxonomic and functional alterations using shotgun metagenomic sequencing.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, 204 adults (mean age 40.3 ± 7.6 years) from the SECRETO study (NCT01934725) underwent clinical and radiographic oral examinations and were classified into six periodontal groups: periodontal health, localised gingivitis, generalised gingivitis, gingivitis with pockets, mild periodontitis (Stages I-II) and severe periodontitis (Stages III-IV). Saliva samples were analysed using shotgun metagenomic sequencing to evaluate microbial diversity, taxonomic composition and functional pathways.

RESULTS: Beta diversity differed between periodontal health and the different disease states (Bray-Curtis: p = 0.049; Jaccard: p = 0.043). Gingivitis with pockets and severe periodontitis showed a significant enrichment of disease-associated species Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, Treponema denticola, Porphyromonas endodontalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum and Parvimonas micra. Among non-bacterial taxa, Candida, Moineauvirus, Pyricularia and Roseolovirus were the predominant genera. A composite metagenomic classifier showed high discriminative performance for gingivitis with pockets (AUC = 0.90; 95% CI: 0.770-1.000) and severe periodontitis (AUC = 0.865; 95% CI: 0.762-0.968).

CONCLUSION: Salivary multi-kingdom microbiome transitions closely reflect the progression of periodontal disease and provide promising biomarkers for identifying at-risk individuals.},
}

@article {pmid42572222,
year = {2026},
author = {Kirilina, IV and Roumiantsev, SA and Gaponov, AM and Savchyk, DV and Khusnutdinova, DR and Grigoryeva, TV and Teplyakova, ED and Shestopalov, AV},
title = {[The contribution of the intestinal microbiome to the formation of the general profile of bacterial DNA in the blood of obese children].},
journal = {Voprosy pitaniia},
volume = {95},
number = {3},
pages = {107-116},
doi = {10.33029/0042-8833-2026-95-3-107-116},
pmid = {42572222},
issn = {0042-8833},
support = {//The research was carried out under the contract no. 0373100122119000041 within the project "Creation of a bank of biosamples of blood serum and feces from healthy donors and patients with obesity, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and impaired mucosal barrier of the gastrointestinal tract, in order to identify candidate species nonspecific mediators of the quorum sensing microbiota systems of human, which modulate the endocrine and metabolic function of adipose tissue"/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; Child ; *DNA, Bacterial/blood ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Feces/microbiology ; Adolescent ; Female ; Male ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics ; *Pediatric Obesity/microbiology/blood ; Lipid Metabolism ; Carbohydrate Metabolism ; Obesity/microbiology/blood ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; },
abstract = {UNLABELLED: Obesity is a multifactorial disease. The gut microbiome disturbances play a significant role in the development of obesity, but emerging data point to a blood microbiome and its association with obesity and other pathologies. Bacterial DNA in the blood represents a pathogen-associated molecular pattern capable of activating the immune system and thereby triggering a cascade of inflammatory responses. The question remains open as to where the bacterial DNA originates, which biotopes shape it, and what role the gut microbiome plays in forming the pool of bacterial DNA in blood. The aim of the study was to compare the bacterial DNA profiles of feces and blood in obese children, to establish relationships between bacterial DNA in blood and feces, and with carbohydrate and lipid metabolism parameters.

MATERIAL AND METHODS: This single-center, cross-sectional study included children and adolescents aged 10 to 18 years with varying degrees of alimentary-constitutional obesity (n=79) and without obesity (n=84). The taxonomic profile of bacterial DNA in blood and feces was analyzed using metagenomic sequencing. Bacterial DNA was isolated from blood and stool samples, and the v3-v4 variable region of the 16S rRNA gene was sequenced. To identify the relationship between bacterial DNA in blood and feces and lipid and carbohydrate metabolism parameters [glucose, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein and low-density lipoprotein (LDL)], Spearman's correlation coefficients were calculated.

RESULTS: When comparing bacterial DNA from blood and feces, obese children more often isolated DNA from the families Lactobacillaceae (p=0.043), Porphyromonadaceae (p=0.022), Ruminococcaceae (p=0.065) and less often from Prevotellaceae (p=0.028) and Coriobacteriaceae (p=0.085) compared to children and adolescents without obesity. In obese children, the contribution of intestinal taxa (Lachnospiraceae, Ruminococcaceae, Bacteroidaceae) to the formation of the bacterial DNA profile of the blood was significantly reduced, but the contribution of extraintestinal biotopes (skin, soil and water) was more diverse. Positive associations were found between bacterial DNA of fecal Ruminococcaceae taxa and the level of total cholesterol (ρ=0.347, p=0.002) and LDL (ρ=0.313, p=0.005) and of fecal Coriobacteriaceae and these lipid metabolism parameters (ρ=0.304, p=0.007 and ρ=0.317, p=0.005) in obese children. No positive associations were found between fecal and blood taxa and glucose level.

CONCLUSION: In obese and non-obese children and adolescents, the general profile of bacterial blood DNA is formed by both intestinal and extra-intestinal biotopes. However, in obese children, taxa from extra-intestinal biotopes predominate in the formation of the blood microbiome, which is confirmed by analyzing the proximity of the taxonomic composition of bacterial DNA in blood and feces based on beta diversity indices. The relationship of taxa with blood cholesterol and LDL levels can be considered as a target for microbiota modification and thus reducing the risks of metabolic complications in obesity.},
}

Humans
Child
*DNA, Bacterial/blood
Cross-Sectional Studies
Feces/microbiology
Adolescent
Female
Male
RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics
*Pediatric Obesity/microbiology/blood
Lipid Metabolism
Carbohydrate Metabolism
Obesity/microbiology/blood
*Gastrointestinal Microbiome

@article {pmid42572237,
year = {2026},
author = {Cho, H and Park, G and Yun, HJ and Lee, S and Song, B and Shin, M and Lee, YS and Kang, J},
title = {Lacticaseibacillus paracasei ATG-E1 Alleviates Particulate Matter-Induced Airway Inflammation in Association with Altered Inflammatory Signaling, Gut Microbiota, and Fecal Metabolites.},
journal = {Journal of microbiology and biotechnology},
volume = {36},
number = {},
pages = {e2604029},
doi = {10.4014/jmb.2604.04029},
pmid = {42572237},
issn = {1738-8872},
mesh = {Animals ; *Particulate Matter/adverse effects/toxicity ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice ; Signal Transduction/drug effects ; *Feces/chemistry/microbiology ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome/drug effects ; *Lacticaseibacillus paracasei/physiology ; Lung/pathology ; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid ; *Inflammation/chemically induced ; *Probiotics/administration & dosage ; Male ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics ; },
abstract = {Particulate matter (PM) acts as an environmental trigger for inflammatory airway diseases. This study investigated whether oral administration of Lacticaseibacillus paracasei ATG-E1 could therapeutically attenuate PM10 diesel exhaust particle (PM10D)-induced airway inflammation, and explored associated changes in inflammatory signaling, gut microbiota, and fecal metabolites. BALB/c mice were intranasally challenged with PM10D on days 0, 3, 6, and 8, and treated with ATG-E1 or dexamethasone after airway inflammation had been induced. Airway inflammation was evaluated using bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) cytology, flow cytometry, histopathology, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and immunoblotting. Lung transcriptomics, cecal 16S rRNA profiling, and fecal metabolomics were performed, and antitussive and expectorant activities were assessed using ammonia-induced cough and phenol red secretion assays. ATG-E1 reduced inflammatory cell infiltration and neutrophilia in BALF, decreased collagen deposition, and lowered levels of pro-inflammatory mediators in BALF and lung tissue. ATG-E1 attenuated PM10D-activated IκBα and ERK phosphorylation, whereas JNK and p38 phosphorylation were not significantly altered by PM10D under the present experimental conditions. ATG-E1 also reduced caspase-1 and interleukin-1α expression. RNA sequencing revealed a broad downregulation of cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction signaling. ATG-E1 treatment was associated with gut microbiome remodeling, including enrichment of Enterorhabdus and Butyricicoccus, and altered fecal metabolite profiles were characterized by increased branched-chain fatty acids and decreased branched-chain amino acids. Functionally, ATG-E1 reduced cough frequency and increased tracheal phenol red output. Overall, L. paracasei ATG-E1 alleviated PM10D-induced airway inflammation and respiratory symptoms, in association with pulmonary immunomodulation and microbiome-associated fecal metabolite remodeling.},
}

Animals
*Particulate Matter/adverse effects/toxicity
Mice, Inbred BALB C
Mice
Signal Transduction/drug effects
*Feces/chemistry/microbiology
*Gastrointestinal Microbiome/drug effects
*Lacticaseibacillus paracasei/physiology
Lung/pathology
Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid
*Inflammation/chemically induced
*Probiotics/administration & dosage
Male
RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics

@article {pmid42572585,
year = {2026},
author = {Marrero, KM and Castillo, JS and Lucas-Barbosa, D and Bellantuono, AJ and Marrero, MA and Cid, D and Costa-da-Silva, AL and Verhulst, NO and DeGennaro, M},
title = {Individual humans are more attractive to certain mosquito species.},
journal = {iScience},
volume = {29},
number = {8},
pages = {117006},
pmid = {42572585},
issn = {2589-0042},
abstract = {Humans are not equally attractive to mosquitoes, leaving some more vulnerable to mosquito-borne illnesses than others. Body odor differences likely allow mosquitoes to discriminate between humans. Using a uniport olfactometer, we measured the attraction of Aedes aegypti, Ae des albopictus, and Culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes for each of our 119 participants. Ae. aegypti, but not other species tested, were slightly more attracted to male than female participants. Each of our three species ranked our participants differently, favoring a distinct subset of our cohort. For each species, mosquito attraction rates were used to define high- and low-attraction human odors and bacterial taxa. For example, Ae. aegypti and Cx. quinquefasciatus attraction was associated with the absence of odors like cyclic alcohols and monoterpenes, while Ae. albopictus attraction was associated with the presence of ketones. Each mosquito species exhibited distinct responses to individual humans, emphasizing both unique and shared cues for targeting their hosts.},
}

@article {pmid42572807,
year = {2026},
author = {Zavos, C},
title = {Letter: Beyond the Last Sachet-Unanswered Questions in a Probiotic Trial for Bile Acid Malabsorption.},
journal = {Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/apt.70922},
pmid = {42572807},
issn = {1365-2036},
}

@article {pmid42572835,
year = {2026},
author = {Cao, L and Ma, W and Wen, H and Tang, X and Tang, Z and Qiang, B and Zhang, Y},
title = {Melatonin Seed Coating Improves Soybean Growth in Association With Rhizosphere Physiological and Bacterial Community Shifts: Melatonin Alters Soybean Rhizosphere Responses.},
journal = {Journal of pineal research},
volume = {78},
number = {5},
pages = {e70178},
doi = {10.1111/jpi.70178},
pmid = {42572835},
issn = {1600-079X},
support = {2023DXZD0002//Science and Technology Plan Project of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region/ ; 2025ZX03A01//Key Research and Development Program of Heilongjiang Province/ ; 072603010//Government Procurement Contract of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/ ; CARS-04-PS19//China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA/ ; },
mesh = {*Melatonin/pharmacology ; *Glycine max/growth & development/microbiology/drug effects/metabolism ; *Rhizosphere ; *Seeds/growth & development/metabolism ; Soil Microbiology ; Plant Roots/growth & development/microbiology/drug effects ; Bacteria ; *Microbiota/drug effects ; },
abstract = {Melatonin (MT), a potent bioactive molecule, regulates plant development and stress resistance. However, in complex field environments, how MT seed coating recruits soil microbes via root development modulation and exudate release to boost yield remains unclear. In this 2-year field study, five seed coating treatments with or without MT were used to investigate how MT-associated seed coating coordinates soybean growth with root architecture remodeling, exudate profile changes, rhizosphere microenvironment succession, and plant-microbe associations. Results indicated that MT seed coating treatment significantly increased IAA and GA content in roots by 66.3% and 38.2% compared to CK treatment, while inhibiting ABA content. This hormonal synergistic effect markedly enhanced root vitality by 18.4%, synchronously increased total root length and surface area by 54.5% and 62.6%, induced a significant increase in root tip number, and increased malic acid and citric acid contents in root exudates by 37.2% and 29.8% compared to CK. As a result, soybean yield increased by 10.8% under MT treatment. Rhizosphere analyses showed that MT-containing treatments were associated with higher nitrogen-related enzyme activities and improved inorganic nitrogen availability. Microbiome analyses indicated that stochastic processes remained dominant in bacterial community assembly, but MT reduced the relative contribution of stochasticity and promoted relatively stronger deterministic filtering. Correlation analyses showed that Sphingomonas- and Lysobacter-affiliated taxa were positively associated with growth-promoting hormones, tryptophan, root traits, and nitrogen-turnover indicators. Functional prediction suggested that MT-associated bacterial communities had enhanced potential for amino acid metabolism, membrane transport, and energy metabolism. These findings suggest that MT seed coating may promote soybean growth through coordinated changes in root hormonal balance, root architecture, exudate profiles, rhizosphere nitrogen availability, and microbial community structure.},
}

*Melatonin/pharmacology
*Glycine max/growth & development/microbiology/drug effects/metabolism
*Rhizosphere
*Seeds/growth & development/metabolism
Soil Microbiology
Plant Roots/growth & development/microbiology/drug effects
Bacteria
*Microbiota/drug effects

@article {pmid42572877,
year = {2026},
author = {Richardson, E},
title = {What Does the "Immunological Body" Eat? Metchnikoff and Digestion as Warfare.},
journal = {Perspectives in biology and medicine},
volume = {69},
number = {2},
pages = {229-243},
pmid = {42572877},
issn = {1529-8795},
mesh = {Humans ; *Digestion/immunology ; History, 20th Century ; History, 19th Century ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome/immunology ; *Immune System ; Phagocytosis ; Animals ; *Allergy and Immunology/history ; },
abstract = {Today we are accustomed to the idea that eating certain foods can help to support the immune system. Over the last two decades, this familiar narrative has been bolstered by the rise of microbial science and the growing popularity of biome-led nutrition, which encourages eaters to nourish the flora and fauna of their guts for the sake of better overall health. While our current preoccupation with the microbiome can be dated to the launch of the Human Microbiome Project in 2007, its origin story can be traced much further back. It begins with work undertaken by scientists and physicians around the turn of the 20th century aimed at understanding the significance of microbes in the digestive system. One of those, the Russian zoologist Élie Metchnikoff (1845-1916), is perhaps best remembered as the founder of modern immunology, and his work on phagocytosis-the capacity of certain specialized cells to engulf and eliminate intruders-earned him the Nobel Prize in 1908. According to Metchnikoff, the gut was the "engine of senility," where pathogenic bacteria multiplied and threatened to overwhelm the body's defenses. Transforming the belly into a battleground where good bacteria went to war with bad, Metchnikoff's influential work extended his theorization of organic immunity as a form of intercellular defense to the vexed question of what to eat and created the foundation for Emily Martin's "immunological body," an understanding of the body that likens it to a nation state, defined through the careful maintenance of the boundary between self and non-self, at this intersection of dietetics and immunology.},
}

Humans
*Digestion/immunology
History, 20th Century
History, 19th Century
*Gastrointestinal Microbiome/immunology
*Immune System
Phagocytosis
Animals
*Allergy and Immunology/history

@article {pmid42573234,
year = {2026},
author = {Hsieh, DC-C and Jiang, L and Xue, M and Antonovsky, N and Brady, SF},
title = {Profiling the aromatic amino acid metabolome in the human gut microbiota reveals Clostridioides difficile-specific N-acyl amino acids.},
journal = {mSystems},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e0077926},
doi = {10.1128/msystems.00779-26},
pmid = {42573234},
issn = {2379-5077},
abstract = {Owing to its compositional and chemical complexity, much of the gut microbiota metabolome remains poorly characterized. Aromatic amino acids (AAAs) have a history of being privileged substrates for the biosynthesis of diverse bioactive metabolites and thus represent a potentially rich source of bioactive molecules within the microbiota metabolome. In this study, we leveraged [13]C- and [2]H-labeled aromatic amino acids and untargeted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) to profile AAA-derived metabolites produced by 80 phylogenetically diverse human gut bacterial isolates. Collectively, we found 93 unique LC-MS features, majority of which, predominantly produced by Clostridioides difficile, were identified as N-acyl amino acids. C. difficile produced the highest levels of the AAA-derived phenylacetic acid and phenylpropionic acid, exceeding all Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria strains in our panel. C. difficile's uniquely diverse N-acyl amino acids have the potential to serve as biomarkers for C. difficile colonization and mediators of C. difficile-specific host interaction.IMPORTANCEThe bacterial metabolome is a key component of the microbiota's effect on host physiology, but identifying small molecules that potentially drive this interaction has remained a challenge. This study uses high-throughput and quantitative mass spectrometry metabolomics to show that Clostridioides difficile uniquely converts amino acids into at least 28 N-acyl amino acids, a metabolite family historically linked to diverse bioactivities. Additionally, in C. difficile cultures, high levels of phenylacetic acid, the precursor of 6 N-acyl amino acids, are of interest because previous studies have mechanistically linked microbially produced phenylacetic acid to cardiovascular disease via β2-adrenergic receptor (β2AR) signaling. The identification of species-specific metabolites produced by commensal bacteria provides not only compounds that could serve as sensitive biomarkers of colonization but also helps support the formulation of mechanistic hypotheses regarding how individual species influence their host.},
}

@article {pmid42573237,
year = {2026},
author = {Nematzadeh Somehsaraei, N and Lemuel Hadi, J and Khan Mirzaei, M and Deng, L and Gigl, M and Dawid, C and Schmitt-Kopplin, P and Geydirici, I and Schloter, M and Gschwendtner, S},
title = {In vitro metabolic signaling in two intestinal bacterial isolates: glutamate-driven transcriptional and functional reprogramming in Clostridium butyricum and Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron.},
journal = {mSphere},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e0019026},
doi = {10.1128/msphere.00190-26},
pmid = {42573237},
issn = {2379-5042},
abstract = {UNLABELLED: Monosodium glutamate (MSG; L-glutamate monosodium salt) is among the most widely used flavor enhancers, yet its molecular effects on gut microbial physiology remain poorly understood. Here, we examined the strain-specific transcriptomic and metabolic responses of Clostridium butyricum and Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron grown in pure anaerobic culture with 0.1% (wt/vol) MSG. Although MSG exposure was not associated with major changes in total bacterial biomass dynamics, both species showed a temporal functional reprogramming. In C. butyricum, MSG rapidly intensified metabolic activity to capitalize on exogenous glutamate by activating central carbon metabolism, redox-balancing pathways, and the GABA shunt, thereby collectively enhancing butyrate synthesis, a metabolite associated with gut barrier integrity, energy regulation, and anti-inflammatory signaling. On the other hand, B. thetaiotaomicron adopted a conservative, homeostatic response, suppressing glycan utilization and central carbon and energy metabolism, and maintaining stable SCFA production through controlled regulation that buffered against abrupt dietary perturbations. Overall, MSG functioned as a potent metabolic signal, triggering distinct adaptive strategies in two dominant gut bacteria.

IMPORTANCE: The impact of monosodium glutamate (MSG) as a highly consumed food additive on the gut microbiome is often overlooked, and community-level analyses reveal little change, masking distinct phenotypic responses of individual strains. By combining gene expression and metabolite profiling using two key human gut bacteria, we show that MSG is sensed as a metabolic signal. A butyrate-producing gut bacterium increases energy metabolism and butyrate production, and a fiber-degrading gut bacterium transiently moderates metabolism to maintain stable fermentation products. These differences suggest that MSG's physiological effects may depend on which bacterial groups dominate an individual's microbiome.},
}

@article {pmid42573241,
year = {2026},
author = {Shagam, LI and Elizarova, A and Momozawa, Y and Dmitrieva, J and Mariman, R and Rahmouni, S and Louis, E and Georges, M and Tyakht, AV and Klimenko, N},
title = {Multi-level aggregation analysis of microbiome composition and host gene expression reveals associations with systemic and local immunity.},
journal = {Microbiology spectrum},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e0359325},
doi = {10.1128/spectrum.03593-25},
pmid = {42573241},
issn = {2165-0497},
abstract = {The human gut microbiome plays a critical role in immune regulation, yet the molecular links between microbiome composition and host gene expression remain incompletely understood. We analyzed associations between host gene expression and microbiome composition in a cohort of 315 healthy individuals, integrating microarray-based gene expression data from three intestinal sites (ileum, transverse colon, and rectum) and six immune cell types with microbiome sequencing data. Using a hierarchical feature aggregation strategy combining principal component analysis, clustering, and covariate correction, we discovered significant associations primarily related to immunity. While microbial profiles were similar across the three intestinal sites, the transverse colon yielded the most "microbiome-host gene expression" associations. Among the immune cell types, CD8+ cells showed the highest number of associations. The first principal component of microbiome composition, reflecting a gradient from commensals (e.g., Ruminococcaceae and Christensenellaceae) to proinflammatory taxa ([Ruminococcus] gnavus and Lachnoclostridium), correlated with the expression of TNF-α-linked genes (HMOX1, CPI17, HSD3B2, and SLC5A1). Among individual genera, Catenibacterium abundance was associated with gene expression in both intestinal and immune cells, including negative associations with MRPS21 (related to mitochondrial function) in the transverse colon and with CD8+ gene programs related to T cell differentiation. These findings align with emerging evidence implicating mitochondrial dysfunction in intestinal inflammation. Our results identify multi-level associations between the gut microbiome and host gene expression, suggesting potential mechanisms by which microbiota shape local and systemic immunity and vice versa. The implicated genes and taxa represent candidates for experimental validation to improve understanding of host-microbiome homeostasis and its disruption in disease.IMPORTANCEThe gut microbiome and immune system are engaged in a complex interplay throughout human life. While most associative studies focus on case-control comparisons-typically examining patients with conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease or metabolic diseases-less is known about the molecular links between the microbiome and immune system in healthy individuals. In this study of a large cohort of healthy individuals, we addressed this gap by applying multiscale modeling to tackle the high dimensionality of host-microbiome data. We identified multi-level associations between microbiome composition and host gene expression in both intestinal tissues and immune cells. These findings offer a valuable reference for understanding baseline host-microbiome communication and highlight molecular candidates-such as TNF-α-related genes and mitochondrial pathways-for future experimental validation.},
}

@article {pmid42573244,
year = {2026},
author = {Qiu, L and Huang, J and Li, G and He, Y and Wei, Z and Yang, S},
title = {Differences in rhizosphere microbial communities between Fusarium wilt-resistant and susceptible watermelon cultivars.},
journal = {Microbiology spectrum},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e0414925},
doi = {10.1128/spectrum.04149-25},
pmid = {42573244},
issn = {2165-0497},
abstract = {To elucidate genotype-associated differences in rhizosphere microbial community assembly, this study compared the microbiomes of three Fusarium wilt-resistant and three susceptible watermelon cultivars using amplicon sequencing. Results revealed distinct bacterial and fungal community structures between the two groups. Notably, resistant cultivars harbored a higher number of unique operational taxonomic units and displayed greater fungal richness compared to their susceptible counterparts. Beyond taxonomic composition, co-occurrence network analysis demonstrated that the fungal community within the resistant group exhibited a more highly connected network topology. Additionally, functional prediction highlighted significant divergence in potential functional profiles, including variations in Forms_Biofilms and Contains_Mobile_Elements. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that rhizosphere microbial composition, diversity, and network complexity are closely linked to watermelon resistance phenotypes. This comprehensive characterization of genotype-driven microbiome variation offers a critical basis for understanding plant-microbe interactions and their potential to enhance plant health.IMPORTANCEFusarium wilt is one of the most destructive diseases affecting watermelon production worldwide, yet the role of soil microbes in helping plants resist this disease has remained unclear. This study shows that disease-related;resistant watermelon plants naturally recruit a richer and more cooperative community of beneficial microbes around their roots. These microbes may help protect the plant by improving nutrient use, forming biofilms that enhance microbial stability, and competing with or inhibiting harmful pathogens. In contrast, susceptible plants rely on only a few protective microbes, making their root environment less stable and more vulnerable to infection. By revealing how plant genetics shape the assembly and function of root-associated microbial communities, this work provides a scientific foundation for developing microbiome-based strategies-such as microbial inoculants or breeding for microbiome‑friendly cultivars-to improve crop resilience and reduce reliance on chemical pesticides.},
}

@article {pmid42573248,
year = {2026},
author = {Narayan, K and Indugu, N and Challa, K and Webb, T and Pitta, D},
title = {Draft genome sequence of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii FP-BI isolated from bovine feces.},
journal = {Microbiology resource announcements},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e0061126},
doi = {10.1128/mra.00611-26},
pmid = {42573248},
issn = {2576-098X},
abstract = {Faecalibacterium prausnitzii was isolated from Holstein calf feces. Species identity was confirmed by partial 16S rRNA gene sequencing and whole-genome sequencing. The draft genome consisted of 48 contigs totaling 3.01 Mb, with an N50 of 138,331 bp and a GC content of 56.53%.},
}

@article {pmid42573252,
year = {2026},
author = {Adami, GR and Fine, M and Schwartz, JL and Wojtowicz, P and Moreira, J},
title = {State of oral innate immunity and salivary microbiome with allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant.},
journal = {Microbiology spectrum},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e0011826},
doi = {10.1128/spectrum.00118-26},
pmid = {42573252},
issn = {2165-0497},
abstract = {Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) and the use of chemotherapy and antibiotics cause large changes in the gut and oral microbiomes. In patients, these differences in the oral microbiome may be related to the re-establishment of the innate immunity in the oral cavity. Saliva samples were collected from a pilot group of allo-HSCT patients before transplant and at the time of engraftment, when blood neutrophil count had rebounded. As expected, alpha diversity measures of the salivary bacterial community (bacteriome) were low prior to the beginning of the treatment and even lower at the time of engraftment. To examine the local innate immunity, a DNA epigenetic/methylation-based identification of salivary granulocytes was performed post-HSCT on harvested oral DNA samples. At the time of engraftment, salivary granulocyte levels were elevated in allo-HSCT patients vs the level in healthy controls. Salivary and blood neutrophil concentrations both trended to correlate with the Chao1 alpha diversity of the salivary microbiome in patients at the time of engraftment.There was correlation or trends toward correlation between levels of both hematocrit and platelets in blood and the Chao1 and Shannon alpha diversity of the saliva microbiome. In conclusion, the data analysis suggested that during the time of engraftment of the donor stem cells those patients with lowerst diversity of oral bacteria also had the lowest numbers of oral and blood neutrophils. This may contribute to the known higher risk of health complications in patients with dysbiotic microbiomes post-HSCT.IMPORTANCELike the gut microbiome, the oral microbiome includes a large variety of bacteria. We analyzed changes in oral microbiota after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. We found that patients with abnormally low numbers of different bacterial types after the transplant procedure may have had the most abnormal innate immune cell systems both orally and in the blood. This highlights a possible link between the oral microbiome and the innate immune system during the crucial period of immune reconstitution.},
}

@article {pmid42573259,
year = {2026},
author = {Cao, KY and Serrador, D and Campbell, JR and Kaul, R and Navarre, WW},
title = {Utilizing natural competence to genetically manipulate Lactobacillus iners.},
journal = {Applied and environmental microbiology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e0044126},
doi = {10.1128/aem.00441-26},
pmid = {42573259},
issn = {1098-5336},
abstract = {UNLABELLED: The healthy human vaginal microbiota is typically dominated by one species of Lactobacillus: L. iners, L. crispatus, L. jensenii, or L. gasseri. L. iners, the most prevalent vaginal microbe globally, is the most fastidious of the vaginal lactobacilli, has the smallest genome, and produces less lactic acid (only the L-isoform). L. iners is also less protective against bacterial vaginosis and uniquely encodes a cholesterol-dependent cytolysin, inerolysin, suggesting it may be a pathobiont. Despite its central role in the health of over one billion females, L. iners biology remains poorly understood, in part, due to a lack of genetic editing tools. Here, we present findings that L. iners is naturally competent and can be transformed easily by exogenous DNA. Natural competence was leveraged to disrupt the iny gene encoding inerolysin, and comGA, encoding the ATPase component of the competence pilus. Both gene disruptions were accomplished using PCR-assembled DNA fragments comprising a drug resistance gene cassette (tetM or ermB) flanked by ~2 kb regions of homology to the L. iners chromosome. We further demonstrate that comGA is essential for L. iners transformation. The ability to rapidly perform targeted deletions in L. iners with in vitro generated DNA templates provides a straightforward and much-needed method to probe the genetics and physiology of these important vaginal bacteria.

IMPORTANCE: This study describes, to our knowledge, the first method for genetically manipulating L. iners, the most prevalent bacteria of the human vaginal microbiota. This work paves the way for the rapid development of genetic tools to explore the physiology of L. iners in the context of the vaginal microbiome and potentially alter its properties as a probiotic.},
}

@article {pmid42573458,
year = {2026},
author = {Baker, JL and Dahle, UR and Petersen, FC},
title = {mGem: Dentistry is strategically positioned yet underleveraged in the battle against antimicrobial resistance.},
journal = {mBio},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e0064726},
doi = {10.1128/mbio.00647-26},
pmid = {42573458},
issn = {2150-7511},
abstract = {Dentists account for roughly 10% of global antibiotic prescriptions and maintain a substantial patient contact footprint. As a result, dentistry is strategically positioned in the global response to the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) crisis, offering unique opportunities to impact antibiotic stewardship, AMR surveillance, and infection prevention. However, these opportunities are underleveraged because antibiotic stewardship is insufficiently emphasized in dental education curricula and competencies, and because dentistry is inconsistently integrated into AMR policy and national action plans. This disconnect perpetuates fragmentation in prescribing practices and weakens the alignment of dentistry with global One Health efforts. Furthermore, it leaves dentistry alienated from broader AMR research, funding, and educational frameworks. Specific integration of dentistry into AMR National Action Plans and implementation of unified, research-supported prescribing guidelines, targeted clinician education, and oral resistome surveillance could help transform dentistry from a blind spot to a fulcrum in the global AMR response.},
}

@article {pmid42573523,
year = {2026},
author = {Das, P and Dey, T and Peterson, CB and Chakraborty, S},
title = {B-MASTER: Scalable Bayesian Multivariate Regression for Master Predictor Discovery in Colorectal Cancer Microbiome-Metabolite Profiles.},
journal = {Bioinformatics (Oxford, England)},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/bioinformatics/btag500},
pmid = {42573523},
issn = {1367-4811},
abstract = {MOTIVATION: The gut microbiome shapes cancer therapy response through its influence on host metabolism. While prior studies examine pairwise associations between individual genera and metabolites, there is limited methodology for identifying microbial genera that systematically regulate the overall metabolome. Scalable statistical tools are needed to uncover such system-level "master predictors" in high-dimensional microbiome-metabolome data.

RESULTS: We introduce B-MASTER, a scalable Bayesian multivariate regression framework combining ℓ1 sparsity and ℓ2 group shrinkage to identify essential cross-metabolite regulators. A Gibbs sampler enables near-linear computational scaling, supporting models with millions of parameters. The method is supported by theoretical guarantees, including posterior contraction and selection consistency. Analysis of colorectal cancer microbiome-metabolome data reveals key microbial genera that govern global and cancer-associated metabolite patterns, highlighting system-level regulatory structure.

AVAILABILITY: The B-MASTER code, including demonstration scripts, is available at https://github.com/priyamdas2/B-MASTER. An archived snapshot of the code corresponding to this manuscript is available on Zenodo with DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.20484958.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.},
}

@article {pmid42573661,
year = {2026},
author = {Hamid, PH and Dewi, DAPR and Nashrulloh, MM and Caro, TM and Insyari'ati, T and Rahma, NN and Mujiyanto, M and Wibowo, MH and Wardhana, AH},
title = {Feeding-state is associated with shifts in the Haemaphysalis bispinosa microbiome and its potential as a sentinel for circulating livestock pathogens.},
journal = {Veterinary research communications},
volume = {50},
number = {5},
pages = {},
pmid = {42573661},
issn = {1573-7446},
mesh = {Animals ; *Ixodidae/microbiology/physiology ; *Microbiota ; *Bacteria/classification/genetics/isolation & purification ; Cattle/parasitology ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics ; Indonesia ; Feeding Behavior ; Female ; *Cattle Diseases/parasitology/microbiology ; *Tick Infestations/veterinary/parasitology ; },
abstract = {Ticks harbour microbial communities that shape their capacity to acquire and transmit host-associated bacteria. Haemaphysalis (H.) bispinosa is a tick that widely infests variety of hosts across Asia, yet how its bacterial communities are reconfigured across the transition from free-living to blood-feeding states in the field remains poorly understood. Herein, we characterise the microbiome of H. bispinosa using full-length 16 S rRNA gene sequencing. A total of 225 ticks were collected from cattle and the surrounding environment in Central Java, Indonesia. The analysis revealed a diverse array of bacterial taxa spanning 21 phyla and 443 genera. A Coxiella lineage was dominant (46.94%), was present in all samples, and constituted the sole universal core taxon. Environmental ticks exhibited near-monocultural profiles (95-99% Coxiella), whereas host-associated ticks showed increased diversity and the incorporation of additional taxa, including Staphylococcus, Mammaliicoccus, Corynebacterium, and Romboutsia. Within-sample diversity was governed by evenness rather than richness: richness (Chao1) did not differ among states (Kruskal-Wallis, p = 0.543). In contrast, the Shannon index increased significantly from environmental ticks (H = 0.23 ± 0.10) to host-associated ticks (HB, 1.62 ± 0.93; HC, 0.95 ± 0.51; p = 0.0155), a pattern mirrored by Pielou's evenness (p = 0.0155; η[2] = 0.60), with environmental ticks differing significantly from both host-associated states. Beta-diversity analysis confirmed significant community separation across feeding states (PERMANOVA: Bray-Curtis p = 0.0071, R[2] = 0.38; Aitchison p = 5 × 10[-4], R[2] = 0.25; Jaccard p = 0.039, R[2] = 0.16). The environmental-to-host-attached transition represented the largest compositional shift, and engorged ticks exhibited partial convergence toward a structured microbiome characterised by co-dominance of Coxiella and Mammaliicoccus. These findings indicate that feeding state is a major factor associated with microbiome variation in H. bispinosa. The detection of Anaplasma-associated ASVs suggests that H. bispinosa has potential utility for monitoring circulating livestock-associated bacteria. Future work integrating functional approaches will be essential to resolve the pathogenic status of the dominant Coxiella lineage and clarify microbiome-mediated effects on pathogen transmission.},
}

Animals
*Ixodidae/microbiology/physiology
*Microbiota
*Bacteria/classification/genetics/isolation & purification
Cattle/parasitology
RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics
Indonesia
Feeding Behavior
Female
*Cattle Diseases/parasitology/microbiology
*Tick Infestations/veterinary/parasitology

@article {pmid42573704,
year = {2026},
author = {Alrashdan, A},
title = {Toward microbiota-friendly design and evaluation of antimicrobial peptides: a mini-review.},
journal = {Folia microbiologica},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {42573704},
issn = {1874-9356},
abstract = {The rise of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria driven by the prolonged use and misuse of conventional antibiotics poses a severe threat to global healthcare systems. To combat this risk, considerable research efforts have focused on the discovery of new antibacterial agents. Over the last decade, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have emerged as a highly promising alternative therapy due to their broad-spectrum activity and low propensity for inducing resistance. While numerous therapeutic AMPs have been introduced in the literature and examined for safety and antimicrobial efficacy, their impact on the human microbiota has remained relatively underexplored. Owing to the structural similarities between pathogenic and beneficial bacteria, some of these peptides may adversely affect commensal bacteria, especially at higher doses or following certain routes of administration. Given the importance of preserving ecological homeostasis, this review emphasizes the integration of microbiota safety evaluations at all stages of AMP design and development. It proposes a structured framework for microbiota-inclusive assessment and strategies for the design and delivery of microbiota-friendly variants. This work offers a comprehensive perspective that has received limited systematic attention, providing valuable insights for future research in microbiology and pharmacology.},
}

@article {pmid42573711,
year = {2026},
author = {Haneesh, M and Amalraj, S and Anusha, G and Karthick, V and Poongavanam, SS and Thamarai, R},
title = {Microbiome-Driven Therapeutic Strategies for Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review of Microbiota Modulation, Glycaemic Outcomes, and Transplantation.},
journal = {Applied biochemistry and biotechnology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {42573711},
issn = {1559-0291},
abstract = {Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) arises from the body's ineffective use or production of insulin. Recent research highlights the significant role of the gut microbiome in metabolism and immunity, indicating that microbial dysbiosis may be associated with T2DM development. This systematic review will explore the link between gut dysbiosis and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), assess the impact of microbially-targeted therapies such as probiotics, prebiotics, dietary changes, and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) on glycaemic and metabolic outcomes in adults with T2DM, and determine if clinical trials validate the application of these therapies for T2DM treatment. An extensive literature search was conducted using PubMed up to January 2024, adhering to PRISMA 2020 guidelines, to identify eligible studies. The studies included were randomized controlled trials or observational studies reporting measurable outcomes related to metabolic health in adults aged 18 and older. A total of 25 studies show that individuals with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) have lower gut microbial diversity, featuring fewer butyrate-producing bacteria and more inflammation-related bacteria. Probiotic supplementation and dietary fiber intake significantly improve hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels and insulin sensitivity in T2DM patients. Gut microbiota dysbiosis is linked to Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), suggesting that the gut microbiome could be a therapeutic focus. However, while interventions like dietary changes, probiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation show potential, current evidence does not support their routine clinical application. Recommendations for microbiome interventions should rely on strong evidence from effective longitudinal clinical trials verifying both efficacy and safety.},
}

@article {pmid42573755,
year = {2026},
author = {Ayana, GU and Abdullateef, MM and Yadata, GW and Manzoor, R and Sumana, SL and Gelata, AM and Islam, MM},
title = {Pathogenic mechanisms of Aeromonas hydrophila and the protective role of probiotics in sustainable aquaculture.},
journal = {Archives of microbiology},
volume = {208},
number = {11},
pages = {},
pmid = {42573755},
issn = {1432-072X},
mesh = {*Aeromonas hydrophila/pathogenicity/drug effects ; *Probiotics/pharmacology/administration & dosage ; Animals ; *Aquaculture ; *Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections/veterinary/microbiology/prevention & control ; *Fish Diseases/microbiology/prevention & control ; Fishes/microbiology ; },
abstract = {Aeromonas hydrophila (A. hydrophila) is a pervasive opportunistic fish pathogen responsible for hemorrhagic septicemia and gastrointestinal disease and, together with other motile aeromonads (e.g., A. veronii, A. caviae, and A. dhakensis), for motile aeromonad septicemia (MAS), which cause significant economic losses in the global freshwater aquaculture industry. The widespread use of antibiotics to control A. hydrophila has led to increased antimicrobial resistance and environmental concerns, necessitating the urgent need for sustainable alternative treatments. We systematically retrieved, screened, and selected relevant studies from three databases: Scopus, Web of Science, and PubMed. Articles published between January 1, 2016, and June 1, 2026, were included. Two reviewers independently assessed the eligibility and data quality and extracted information from the identified articles. We performed a bibliometric analysis using VOSviewer and RStudio for visualization. We identified 339 experimental research publications from 2016 to 2026 and selected 39 articles that met the selection criteria for full-text evaluation. For VOSviewer keyword co-occurrence networking, we used the 277 Scopus publications (research articles, reviews, and book chapters) retrieved with the same search string. For the country trend analysis, we used the 464 deduplicated records (research articles, reviews, and book chapters) screened after duplicate removal. The most current keywords used were A. hydrophila, probiotic agents, microbiology, and probiotics. The country trend analysis revealed a remarkable increase in publications over the past 10 years, with key contributions from China, India, Iran, Brazil, and Egypt. The year 2025 recorded the highest publication output over the past 10 years. A diverse repertoire of virulence factors, including act, aerA, fla, ahyI, ahyR, and type III secretion systems, mediates A. hydrophila pathogenicity. Probiotics exert consistent multimodal protection via competitive pathogen exclusion, production of antimicrobial compounds, intestinal barrier enhancement, and host immunomodulation. Probiotics improve growth performance, digestive enzyme production, nutritional composition, immune response, hematology and histopathology, gut microbiome, and survival. This review highlights that probiotics are a viable, evidence-based component of integrated health management programs for A. hydrophila control, complementing rather than universally replacing antibiotics. This review highlights that probiotics are viable, evidence-based, and sustainable alternatives to antibiotics for A. hydrophila control.},
}

*Aeromonas hydrophila/pathogenicity/drug effects
*Probiotics/pharmacology/administration & dosage
Animals
*Aquaculture
*Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections/veterinary/microbiology/prevention & control
*Fish Diseases/microbiology/prevention & control
Fishes/microbiology

@article {pmid42573766,
year = {2026},
author = {Shah, AH and Ravandi, A},
title = {Beyond Passive Congestion: The Inflammatory Gut-Liver Axis in Fontan Circulation.},
journal = {Pediatric cardiology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {42573766},
issn = {1432-1971},
abstract = {Fontan circulation has traditionally been viewed as passive venous congestion caused by absence of a subpulmonary ventricle. Emerging multi-omic data suggest a broader inflammatory gut-liver-heart syndrome. This viewpoint integrates findings from metabolomics, lipidomics, microbiome-derived metabolites, cytokine-chemokine profiling, and tryptophan-kynurenine pathway analysis to propose that hepatic congestion is biologically active. Bile acid dysregulation, short-chain fatty acid perturbation, mitochondrial stress, interferon-γ/IP-10 signaling, SDF-1α elevation, and kynurenine pathway activation may interact in a feed-forward loop contributing to frailty, impaired exercise capacity, Fontan-associated liver disease, and multiorgan dysfunction. Longitudinal and interventional studies are needed to define reversibility.},
}

@article {pmid42573887,
year = {2026},
author = {Yang, L and Zhao, J and Han, T and Qi, H and Zhao, F and Sun, Z},
title = {Modulating the gut-joint axis: Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis B8762 is associated with selective gut microbial and metabolic alterations in knee osteoarthritis.},
journal = {World journal of microbiology & biotechnology},
volume = {42},
number = {8},
pages = {},
pmid = {42573887},
issn = {1573-0972},
support = {U25A20733//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 2022YFD2100702//National Key Research and Development Program of China/ ; YLXKZX-NND-006//Inner Mongolia Agricultural University First-Class Discipline Scientific Research Special Program/ ; CARS36//Earmarked Fund for China Agriculture Research System/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; Feces/microbiology/chemistry ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome/drug effects ; *Osteoarthritis, Knee/microbiology/metabolism/therapy ; *Probiotics/administration & dosage ; Metabolome ; *Bifidobacterium/physiology ; Metabolomics ; Male ; Bacteria/classification/genetics/isolation & purification/metabolism ; Metagenomics ; Female ; Knee Joint/microbiology/metabolism ; *Bifidobacterium longum ; },
abstract = {Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is a debilitating degenerative joint disorder characterized by chronic low-grade inflammation and metabolic dysregulation. The gut microbiota has emerged as an important regulator of systemic inflammatory responses. Building upon our previous clinical findings that Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis B8762 (B8762) improved clinical symptoms and inflammatory markers in patients with KOA, the present study investigated the associated alterations in the gut microbiome and fecal metabolome. Fecal samples were collected from probiotic (n = 20) and placebo (n = 20) groups at baseline (0 M) and after a 1-month intervention (1 M). Integrated metagenomic and untargeted metabolomic analyses were performed to characterize changes in gut microbial composition, functional potential, and metabolic profiles. Metagenomic reads mapped to the B8762 reference genome showed a greater increase in B8762-associated mapping rates in the probiotic group than in the placebo group, supporting an association between B8762 supplementation and longitudinal changes in the gut microbiome. Longitudinal analysis further demonstrated greater increases in microbial alpha diversity in the probiotic group. Species-level analyses suggested selective alterations in gut microbial composition, with nominally higher relative abundances of Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum and Anaerostipes caccae and lower relative abundances of Holdemania filiformis and Lachnospira SGB5077 (nominal P < 0.05). HUMAnN3-based functional profiling identified enrichment of microbial pathways related to carbon utilization and amino acid biosynthesis, including the bifidobacterial shunt and branched-chain amino acid biosynthesis pathways. Untargeted metabolomics identified nominal between-group differences in metabolites primarily related to lipid metabolism, including lower relative abundances of aldosterone and 7α-hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one in the probiotic group (nominal P < 0.05). Correlation analysis further revealed associations between differential taxa and selected metabolites, suggesting potential links between gut microbial alterations and steroid-related metabolic pathways. Overall, B8762 supplementation was associated with longitudinal changes in B8762-associated genomic signals, gut microbial diversity and composition, microbial functional potential, and fecal metabolic profiles. These findings provide exploratory multi-omics evidence supporting an association between B8762 supplementation and gut microbial-metabolic remodeling in KOA and generate hypotheses for future mechanistic studies of the gut-joint axis.},
}

Humans
Feces/microbiology/chemistry
*Gastrointestinal Microbiome/drug effects
*Osteoarthritis, Knee/microbiology/metabolism/therapy
*Probiotics/administration & dosage
Metabolome
*Bifidobacterium/physiology
Metabolomics
Male
Bacteria/classification/genetics/isolation & purification/metabolism
Metagenomics
Female
Knee Joint/microbiology/metabolism
*Bifidobacterium longum

@article {pmid42573928,
year = {2026},
author = {Sheiber, J and Duque, A and Ranjan, A and Diokno, AC and Swana, H},
title = {Characterizing the role of the urobiome in the pathogenesis of recurrent urinary tract infections (rUTIs): a systematic review.},
journal = {International urology and nephrology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {42573928},
issn = {1573-2584},
abstract = {PURPOSE: Recurrent urinary tract infections (rUTIs) are associated with substantial morbidity, repeated antibiotic exposure, and increasing antimicrobial resistance. Emerging evidence suggests that alterations in the urinary microbiome (urobiome) may contribute to rUTI pathogenesis. This systematic review evaluated the role of the urobiome in the development and recurrence of rUTIs.

METHODS: This systematic review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Literature searches were conducted and managed using Covidence systematic review software (Veritas Health Innovation, Melbourne, Australia). Searches included Web of Science, MEDLINE, PubMed, and CINAHL and covered studies published from 2014 through 2026. The final search was conducted on February 1, 2026. The search incorporated terms related to 'urobiome,' 'urinary microbiome,' 'urinary tract infection,' and 'recurrent urinary tract infection.' Searches were restricted to English-language studies and human participants. After deduplication, 213 unique records underwent title and abstract screening, and 62 articles were assessed in full text. 21 studies that directly evaluated recurrent or chronic UTI populations, or reported an rUTI-specific subgroup, were included in the qualitative synthesis. Data extraction included study design, patient population characteristics, definitions of rUTI, urine collection methods, microbiome assessment methodology (including 16S rRNA sequencing and enhanced quantitative urine culture), reported microbial diversity measures, taxonomic findings, and associations between microbiome characteristics and rUTI outcomes. Given heterogeneity in study design, sequencing platforms, urine collection techniques, and definitions of rUTI across studies, a quantitative meta-analysis was not performed. Findings were synthesized descriptively, with emphasis on recurring microbial patterns, diversity measures, and clinically relevant urobiome alterations associated with recurrent infection.

RESULTS: 21 studies met inclusion criteria. Recurrent urinary tract infection was associated with altered urinary microbial ecology although the direction of diversity changes varied across studies. Commonly reported differences included altered Lactobacillus abundance and enrichment of taxa, such as Gardnerella, Prevotella, and Enterobacterales. Mechanistic studies implicated intracellular bacterial persistence, biofilm formation, ecological shifts, and metabolite-microbiome interactions. Hormonal status and antibiotic exposure also influenced urobiome composition. Substantial methodological heterogeneity remained across studies.

CONCLUSION: Current evidence supports a potential role for the urobiome in rUTI pathogenesis. Altered microbial diversity, loss of protective organisms, and persistent bacterial reservoirs may contribute to recurrence. Further standardized longitudinal and mechanistic studies are needed to clarify causality and guide microbiome-targeted therapeutic strategies.},
}

@article {pmid42574005,
year = {2026},
author = {Bao, Z and Yang, Z and Sun, R and Meng, R and Wu, W and Li, MD},
title = {Associations of smoking, aging, and their interplay with the gut microbiome and chronic disease risk profiles.},
journal = {Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/ntr/ntag174},
pmid = {42574005},
issn = {1469-994X},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Smoking and aging are both linked to chronic disease and gut microbiome, but their joint relationship with microbiome composition remains uncharacterized. This study examined the overlap between smoking- and age-associated gut microbial signals and their associations with cardiovascular diseases.

METHODS: We analyzed 6676 participants from a filtered project-specific metadata subset from the Guangdong Gut Microbiome Project together with the public GGMP OTU table. Associations of smoking phenotypes and aging with gut microbiota were examined using multivariable linear models. Additional sensitivity analyses were performed in males only, and robustness analyses were repeated at the family and genus levels.

RESULTS: We identified 222 OTUs associated with first-hand smoking and 117 OTUs associated with second-hand smoke exposure. Among never smokers, age was associated with 330 OTUs. Eighty-five OTUs overlapped between smoking- and age-associated signals. Differences in the abundance of these OTU groups between never smokers and daily smokers were more pronounced in younger than older age strata. The smoking- and age-related OTU groups were associated with several cardiometabolic markers, and mediation analysis suggested that systolic blood pressure may partly account for the association between this overlapping microbial signal and ASCVD risk score. In a male-only sensitivity analysis, the central smoking-aging microbial signal remained directionally consistent. Family- and genus-level robustness analyses also supported persistence of selected associations.

CONCLUSIONS: In this cross-sectional secondary analysis, smoking and aging were associated with overlapping gut microbiome patterns, with stronger smoking-related deviations in younger adults. These findings support future longitudinal studies of microbiome-linked cardiovascular risk in smoking-exposed populations.},
}

@article {pmid42574556,
year = {2026},
author = {Eissazade, N and Mosavari, H and Eghdami, S and Rohani, M and Fereshtehnejad, SM and Khoeini, T},
title = {Fecal microbiota transplantation in Parkinson's disease: a systematic review.},
journal = {Neurodegenerative disease management},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-14},
doi = {10.1080/17582024.2026.2715585},
pmid = {42574556},
issn = {1758-2032},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Current Parkinson's disease (PD) treatments offer limited, temporary relief. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is a potential therapy, but its safety and efficacy remain unclear.

METHODS: PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science were searched on 20 July 2026. Eligible studies included adults with PD receiving FMT reporting motor and non-motor outcomes. Study quality was assessed using Joanna Briggs Institute checklists and Cochrane RoB 2. Due to heterogeneity, results were synthesized narratively.

RESULTS: Fourteen studies (nine trials, three case series, two case reports; 369 participants) were included. FMT protocols varied in stool preparation, delivery route, regimen, and follow-up (3-12 months). Four of six trials reported modest, short-term motor improvements. Non-motor benefits, mainly gastrointestinal function, sleep, and mood, were inconsistent. Microbiota analyses showed partial or temporary restoration toward healthy profiles. FMT was generally safe, with mainly mild, transient adverse events. Risk of bias varied: two high, four some concerns, one low.

CONCLUSIONS: FMT appears safe and may provide short-term improvements in select motor and gastrointestinal outcomes in PD. Evidence is limited by small samples, heterogeneity, and methodological weaknesses. Well-designed, adequately powered RCTs with standardized protocols are needed to determine its therapeutic and disease-modifying potential.

REGISTRATION: PROSPERO (CRD42024508462).},
}

@article {pmid42575008,
year = {2026},
author = {Liu, F and Cao, X and Hao, Y and Li, Z and Zhang, C and Chen, X and Zhou, L},
title = {Suspended particulate matter acts as a co-stressor to amplify imidacloprid impacts in estuarine mussels.},
journal = {Journal of hazardous materials},
volume = {515},
number = {},
pages = {143245},
doi = {10.1016/j.jhazmat.2026.143245},
pmid = {42575008},
issn = {1873-3336},
abstract = {Suspended particulate matter (SPM) in turbid estuaries redistributes pesticides between dissolved and particle-associated phases, potentially biasing dissolved-only risk metrics. Here, we examined how natural estuarine SPM alters imidacloprid (IMI) bioaccumulation and sublethal responses in the mussel Mytella strigata. IMI rapidly partitioned to SPM, reaching quasi-equilibrium within 12-24 h; however, mass-normalized sorption declined at higher particle loadings, constraining the particle-associated fraction to ∼10-13% across the tested SPM range (0.5-5 g L[-1]). The presence of SPM modestly enhanced IMI bioaccumulation in mussels, increasing tissue concentrations from 37 to 41 µg g[-1] dry weight. This particle effect was captured by an added ingestion-associated pathway (kp = 2.00 ± 0.42 mL g[-1] h[-1]), while elimination remained comparable to that under dissolved-only exposure (ke = 0.26 vs. 0.30 h[-1]). The addition of SPM caused limited changes in alpha diversity but further reorganized the mussel microbiome and increased within-group dispersion; IMI and SPM jointly explained 18% of variation in genus-level composition. IMI alone induced 304 DEGs versus controls (FDR ≤ 0.01), whereas high-SPM co-exposure was associated with 146 additional responsive genes. These results show that SPM alters exposure routes and sublethal responses even when dissolved IMI is comparable, supporting two-phase pesticide risk assessment in turbid estuaries.},
}

@article {pmid42570712,
year = {2026},
author = {Shokr, MM and Fawzy, MN},
title = {The gut-brain-mitophagy axis: Urolithin A as a transcriptional activator of Parkin in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases.},
journal = {Molecular and cellular neurosciences},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {104112},
doi = {10.1016/j.mcn.2026.104112},
pmid = {42570712},
issn = {1095-9327},
abstract = {Mitochondrial dysfunction is a cardinal, causative, and convergent hallmark in both Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). However, therapeutics that target the process of mitophagy, the selective removal of damaged mitochondria, are relatively undeveloped. Prior work has largely centered around post-translational modifications of the PINK1-Parkin signaling pathway while ignoring the key need for sustained protein synthesis of Parkin. In this review, we explore an innovative transcriptional circuit involving the gut microbiome, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), and mitophagy: gut-derived metabolites, such as Urolithin A (UA), activate AMPK and SIRT1, both of which converge to deacetylate and phosphorylate peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α). The transcription of the mitophagy protein, Parkin, is then driven by activation of PGC-1α. This UA/AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1α/Parkin/mitophagy pathway is disrupted in multiple layers in AD and PD; this includes impaired gut function, lowering the level of UA produced in the body, proteinopathy leading to reduced PGC-1α activity, and decreased transcription of Parkin. Therapeutic targets of these various nodes include UA, PGC-1α activator ZLN005, and SIRT1 activators, such as resveratrol or nicotinamide riboside. By shifting the paradigm from post-translational activation to transcriptional restoration of Parkin, this gut-brain metabolic axis offers a unifying, testable, and therapeutically tractable framework for mitigating mitophagy failure in AD and PD.},
}

@article {pmid42570745,
year = {2026},
author = {Xia, H and Xie, J and Wang, XY and Wang, Y},
title = {Detection, occurrence, development, diagnosis and treatment of vaginal microbiome in gynecological cancers.},
journal = {Critical reviews in oncology/hematology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {105531},
doi = {10.1016/j.critrevonc.2026.105531},
pmid = {42570745},
issn = {1879-0461},
abstract = {Gynecological cancers, including cervical, endometrial, and ovarian cancers, represent a growing global health burden with increasing incidence and mortality. The vaginal microbiome has emerged as a promising target for early cancer diagnosis and therapeutic intervention. Therefore, this review summarizes the composition and dynamics of the vaginal microbiome, emphasizing its association with the pathogenesis of gynecological cancers through chronic inflammation, immune modulation, and hormonal interactions. Advances in technologies such as 16S rRNA sequencing, metagenomics, and multi-omics have enabled the identification of potential microbial biomarkers. Probiotics, antibiotics, and vaginal microbiota transplantation are treatment technologies of gynecological cancers demonstrating considerable potential in restoring microbial balance and improving clinical outcomes. Furthermore, significant challenges persist in standardizing microbial biomarkers and translating research findings into precision therapies. Future studies should prioritize large-scale clinical validation and develop integrative strategies to harness the potential of the vaginal microbiome for cancer prevention and personalized treatment.},
}

@article {pmid42570764,
year = {2026},
author = {Niu, S and Zhu, X and Zhang, J and Zhao, Y and Wang, Y and Lang, X and Liu, H and Zhang, Z and Lu, X},
title = {Targeting the gut-joint axis: Ferrostatin-1 alleviates Collagen-Induced arthritis and is associated with alterations in microbiota-derived metabolites.},
journal = {Gene},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {150349},
doi = {10.1016/j.gene.2026.150349},
pmid = {42570764},
issn = {1879-0038},
abstract = {Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disorder characterized by synovial inflammation and progressive bone destruction. While ferroptosis has recently been implicated in RA pathogenesis, the mechanisms linking ferroptosis inhibition to the gut-joint axis remain poorly understood. This study investigated the therapeutic efficacy of the specific ferroptosis inhibitor Ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1) in a collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mouse model, specifically examining its regulatory effects on gut microbiota and metabolic profiles. We employed 16S rDNA sequencing and untargeted metabolomics to analyze fecal samples, assessing alterations in microbial community structure and metabolic function following Fer-1 administration. Our results demonstrate that Fer-1 treatment significantly alleviated clinical symptoms, evidenced by reduced arthritis scores and mitigated bone erosion. Microbiome analysis revealed that Fer-1 partially changed CIA-induced specific microbial populations, characterized by an enrichment of beneficial genera such as Bacteroides and a reduction in the phylum Actinobacteriota. Furthermore, metabolomic profiling indicated that Fer-1 changed the levels of critical anti-inflammatory metabolites, specifically short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), uridine, and indole derivatives. In conclusion, this study suggests that the anti-arthritic effects of Fer-1 may be associated with the remodeling of the partially gut microbiota and an altered profile of protective metabolites, thereby suggesting that the ferroptosis-microbiome axis may serve as a potential therapeutic target in RA management.},
}

@article {pmid42570850,
year = {2026},
author = {Shao, Q and Xiong, J and Kong, Z and Yan, Q and Shen, B and Wang, Y},
title = {Salinity-gradient stress driven microbial succession and cooperation toward enhanced nitrogen metabolism for treating electroplating tail wastewater employing combined anoxic-oxic process.},
journal = {Bioresource technology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {135591},
doi = {10.1016/j.biortech.2026.135591},
pmid = {42570850},
issn = {1873-2976},
abstract = {High salinity severely constrains biological nitrogen removal in electroplating tail wastewater, yet the ecological mechanisms driving microbial community assembly and functional succession during long-term acclimation remain elusive. Here, a hydrolytic acidification coupled two-stage anoxic/oxic bioreactor was operated under stepwise salinity acclimation (1‰-10‰) to treat actual electroplating tail wastewater. The system maintained robust performance, consistently keeping effluent chemical oxygen demand (COD) below 50 mg/L and satisfying industrial discharge standards of China for nitrogen (ammonium nitrogen (NH4[+]-N) < 8 mg/L and total nitrogen (TN) < 15 mg/L) (GB 21900-2008). Intriguingly, long-term salinity pressure significantly decreased total extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and the protein-to-polysaccharide ratio (PN/PS), while simultaneously promoting the accumulation of compatible solutes (ectoine and glutamate) within the cells. This indicated that microorganisms reduced their reliance on EPS-mediated extracellular defenses, while intracellular osmotic adaptation was enhanced. Quantitative ecological modeling revealed that increasing salinity suppressed dispersal limitation while accelerating homogenizing dispersal and selection, but stochasticity remains an important factor shaping community succession during prolonged salt stress (Normalized Stochasticity Ratio (NST) decreased from 78% ± 8% at stage SS1 to 33% ± 7% at stage SS10). This environmental filtering selectively enriched salt-tolerant functional groups with potential complementary roles (principally Nitrosomonas, Nitrospira, and Thauera) and increased the proportion of positive co-occurrence associations (61.7%). Overall, this study demonstrates that progressive salinity acclimation fosters a resilient, functional complementarity potential microbiome capable of sustaining efficient wastewater purification, providing both mechanistic insights and a practical strategy for treating complex industrial wastewater.},
}

@article {pmid42570864,
year = {2026},
author = {Pi, JR and Alberto, JM and Paoli, J and Baspinar, O and Guéant-Rodriguez, RM and Guéant, JL and Heinken, A},
title = {Genome-scale modeling of the influence of microbiota-derived butyrate on the regulation of human metabolism by the histone deacetylase SIRT1.},
journal = {The American journal of clinical nutrition},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {101465},
doi = {10.1016/j.ajcnut.2026.101465},
pmid = {42570864},
issn = {1938-3207},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Genome-scale metabolic models predict metabolic flux distributions but typically lack explicit transcriptional regulation, limiting their ability to simulate graded effects of epigenetic modulators such as Sirtuin1.

OBJECTIVE: To develop and validate a continuous regulatory-metabolic framework integrating Sirtuin T1-dependent transcriptional control into human genome-scale metabolism and to quantify the metabolic impact of microbiome-derived butyrate in intestinal epithelial cells.

METHODS: A curated Sirtuin1-centered regulatory network comprising 8 transcriptional regulators, 487 metabolic genes, and 2,296 reactions (∼22% of Recon3D) was integrated into the Recon3D reconstruction to generate iSirtuin1_HumanMet. Continuous regulatory logic was implemented within steady-state regulatory flux balance analysis. Tissue-specific models were derived from genotype-tissue expression transcriptomic data using FASTCORE. Human Caco-2 intestinal epithelial cells were treated with 0-9 mM sodium butyrate for 72 h. Sirtuin1 protein expression was quantified by Western blot and modeled using an inverse exponential regression (R[2] = 0.669). Predicted maximal intracellular production capacities were compared with independent metabolomics data using Spearman correlation.

RESULTS: Simulated Sirtuin1 activation (0.0-1.0) modulated 2,296 reactions, with 34.2% of upregulated reactions belonging to fatty acid oxidation. Increasing Sirtuin1 promoted gluconeogenesis and lipid utilization while repressing glycolysis and nucleotide interconversion. Tissue-specific simulations across 54 tissues revealed distinct clustering of metabolic responses. Incorporation of experimentally derived butyrate-Sirtuin1 inhibition resulted in concordant monotonic trends between predicted and measured intracellular metabolites for 11 of 13 metabolites (85%), with Spearman ρ ranging from -0.64 to 0.94 (median ρ ≈ 0.74). Integration of microbiome-predicted butyrate fluxes showed strong host metabolic associations, including correlations up to ρ = -0.92 (p = 8.77 × 10[-22]).

CONCLUSIONS: In Caco-2 intestinal epithelial cells and tissue-specific human metabolic models, continuous integration of Sirtuin1 regulation enables quantitative simulation of graded transcriptional control and microbiome-derived metabolic modulation, providing a systems-level framework to study diet-microbiome-host metabolic interactions.},
}

@article {pmid42570953,
year = {2026},
author = {Ladyhina, V and Sternberg-Lewerin, S and Sannö, A and Bongcam-Rudloff, E and Dicksved, J and Rajala, E},
title = {Longitudinal investigation of the resistomes in Swedish pig farms.},
journal = {npj antimicrobials and resistance},
volume = {4},
number = {1},
pages = {},
pmid = {42570953},
issn = {2731-8745},
abstract = {We conducted a longitudinal profiling of environmental resistomes and microbiomes from ten Swedish pig farms in a low-antimicrobial usage context. Samples were collected from pig pen environments and analysed using shotgun metagenomic sequencing. Resistome and microbiome profiles showed stronger temporal than farm-specific variation, with several age-associated trends. Age-related trajectories diverged between microbiome and resistome, indicating that resistance dynamics are shaped by factors beyond microbial succession. The highest relative abundance of resistance determinants was observed for tetracyclines, followed by aminoglycosides, macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin antibiotics, beta-lactams, and folic acid synthesis inhibitors-drug classes commonly used in Swedish pig production. Resistome patterns were partially associated with phenotypic resistance profiles from previous studies, while analysis of antimicrobial usage alone could not fully explain the observed resistome. Overall, these findings suggest that additional factors beyond antimicrobial usage contribute to the persistence and dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes in pig farm environments.},
}

@article {pmid42567128,
year = {2026},
author = {Thaitumu, M and Gallou, D and Begou, O and Theodoridis, G and Gika, H},
title = {Quantifying the aromatic amino acid metabolome: UPLC-MS/MS analysis of aromatic amino acids and their host and co-metabolites in plasma.},
journal = {Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences},
volume = {1282},
number = {},
pages = {125242},
doi = {10.1016/j.jchromb.2026.125242},
pmid = {42567128},
issn = {1873-376X},
abstract = {Aromatic amino acids (AAAs), tryptophan, phenylalanine, and tyrosine along with their pathway metabolites have been implicated in the pathogenesis of diseases ranging from cardiovascular, neurological, inflammatory, and cancer diseases, among others. As such, the measurement of the primary AAAs, their host pathway metabolites, and microbiome derived co-metabolites in blood can provide a sensitive reflection of systemic health. The aim of the study was to develop a method for the quantification of 17 metabolites, the three AAAs and various of their metabolites in plasma using a high-throughput ultra performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method. The method demonstrated a dynamic range (1 to 16,700 ng/mL), with detection limits (LOD) as low as 0.05 ng/mL. Quantification limits ranged from 3 to 5019 ng/mL (LLOQ) and up to 16,700 ng/mL (ULOQ). Recovery at LQC, MQC, and HQC was satisfactory and consistent across most metabolites, with significant matrix effects observed only for 4-ethylphenol sulfate. Furthermore, intra and inter-day accuracy and precision met all acceptance criteria at all quality control concentrations for most of the metabolites. Measurement of NIST SRM 1950 showcased the method's accuracy for most of the metabolites. Finally, the method was applied on the analysis of plasma samples from 55 individuals (13 males and 42 females) providing information on AAAs and their pathway metabolites relevant concentrations in human plasma.},
}

@article {pmid42567235,
year = {2026},
author = {Ma, HC and Wang, DJ and Yuan, ZJ and Shi, B and Chen, ZH and Zhuo, M and Zeng, JY and Aqib, AI},
title = {Systematic approach for revealing biomarkers of diarrheal microbiome of yaks through Metagenomics sequencings.},
journal = {Microbial pathogenesis},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {108700},
doi = {10.1016/j.micpath.2026.108700},
pmid = {42567235},
issn = {1096-1208},
abstract = {Yaks are important food ruminants on the Plateau, but the presence of a diarrhea disease is seriously threatening the yak sector. To detect bacterial biomarkers of diarrhea in this animal, metagenomics sequencing of fecal samples from diarrhea (group D) and normal (group H) yaks was performed. The results showed 61963 936 432 and 63 972 070 354 clean samples in the diarrheal and normal yaks, respectively. Genotyping in group D (20 000) was statistically lower than that in group H (80 000) (p<0.05). Firmicutes and bacteroides levels in diarrheal yaks (1.03) were lower than in normal animals. There were 23 phyla and 696 species significantly different between the two yak groups including species of pathogenic Bacteroides fragilis, Alloprevotella tannerae, Parabacteroides merdae, Anaerococcus marasmi, and beneficial Methanobrevibacter millerae, Elusimicrobium minutum, Adlercreutzia equolifaciens. Our results may contribute to the prevention and treatment of diarrheal in yaks in the cold plains areas.},
}

@article {pmid42567258,
year = {2026},
author = {Eubank, T and Msdi, AS and Garey, KW},
title = {Microbiome Stewardship: re-defining high-risk antibiotics.},
journal = {Anaerobe},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {103072},
doi = {10.1016/j.anaerobe.2026.103072},
pmid = {42567258},
issn = {1095-8274},
abstract = {Healthy human gut microbiomes are essential for overall wellness and must be safeguarded by incorporating preservation into clinical decision-making processes and policies. Given the paradigm shift of single-acting bacteria causing infectious diseases to a new understanding of interacting communities of bacteria that build up stable network structures and functions to prevent diseases, a One-Health umbrella has emerged that interconnects all life through their respective microbiota. The preservation of this homeostasis is a term coined Microbiome Stewardship. Although multi-causal, antimicrobial use has the most disruptive effect on the microbiome, quickly changing microbiome structure and function as well as promoting antimicrobial resistant gene (ARG) generation and abundance. Clinically, Microbiome Stewardship could lead to new strategies around antimicrobial administration route and enhanced consideration of whether anaerobic coverage is required, especially routine empiric coverage. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and perturbation of the microbiome effect short- and long-term patient outcomes and should drive the drug development process and repurposing of current antimicrobials. In the new scientific era of systems biology providing increasingly accessible and cost-effective studies, evaluation of the microbiome during the antimicrobial drug development process should become the new standard. Microbiome Stewardship incorporation into clinical practice and drug development will advance patient outcomes and AMR prevention on an individual and public health platform.},
}

@article {pmid42567327,
year = {2026},
author = {Li, S and Chu, X and Deng, R and Zheng, W and Suo, X and Sun, G and Liu, H and Geng, M and Tian, J and Zhang, Y},
title = {Akkermansia muciniphila gavage alleviates depression-like behaviors in female A53T α-synuclein transgenic mice.},
journal = {Behavioural brain research},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {116413},
doi = {10.1016/j.bbr.2026.116413},
pmid = {42567327},
issn = {1872-7549},
abstract = {Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized not only by progressive motor deficits but also by non-motor symptoms, such as depression, which often emerge during the prodromal stage and significantly impair quality of life. While Akkermansia muciniphila (AKK) has shown potential in modulating neuroinflammation, its specific role and underlying mechanisms in alleviating PD-associated non-motor symptoms remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the effects of AKK intervention in 16-month-old female A53T α-synuclein (α-syn) transgenic mice. Behavioral assessments revealed that oral administration of AKK significantly ameliorated depression-like behaviors, evidenced by reduced immobility in the forced swim test and increased sucrose preference, without affecting motor function, spatial memory, or gastrointestinal motility. Mechanistically, the intervention exhibited genotype-specific effects: AKK significantly increased plasma 5-HT levels in C57 mice. This increase was associated with an enrichment of Lactobacillus taiwanensis and metabolic pathways favoring peripheral tryptophan conversion. Conversely, in A53T mice, the treatment specifically elevated hippocampal 5-HT levels without altering plasma concentrations. This central effect correlated with distinct microbial remodeling, characterized by the enrichment of butyrate/propionate-producing Lachnospiraceae and the activation of purine degradation. Collectively, these findings provide novel mechanistic insights into the therapeutic potential of AKK for managing non-motor symptoms in PD. While limited to a female cohort, our results suggest that AKK ameliorates depression-like behaviors in PD through sex-specific remodeling of the gut microbiome and serotonergic signaling.},
}

@article {pmid42567746,
year = {2026},
author = {Deande, ST and Leeds, SG and Fair, L and Wang, CY and Buckmaster, BA and Cantrell, CG and Aladegbami, B and Ogola, G and Ward, MA},
title = {First insights into the microbiome of leaks following foregut surgery.},
journal = {Surgery},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {110428},
doi = {10.1016/j.surg.2026.110428},
pmid = {42567746},
issn = {1532-7361},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Anastomotic leaks are a devastating complication of foregut surgery that can be managed surgically or endoscopically. Studies show that the pathogenesis of leaks is influenced by gut microbiomes. We seek to delineate outcome differences in patients who were successfully managed endoscopically versus those who required surgery and compare differences in microbiome composition.

METHODS: An institutional review board-approved, prospectively maintained database was retrospectively reviewed for patients with foregut leaks from 2021 to 2024. Primary end points were endoscopic-only management or surgery. Other variables include readmissions, interventions, bloodwork, and American College of Surgeons surgical risk. During therapeutic interventions, microbial and host samples were collected. For the first 16 patients, the DNA samples were extracted, amplified, sequenced, and clustered into operational units for analysis.

RESULTS: Of the 38 patients with leaks, 92% were managed endoscopically, whereas 8% required surgery. Of the endoscopic group, 26% healed with endoluminal vacuum therapy, 9% with stent, 23% with an endoluminal drain, and 42% with a combination. The surgery group had a lower albumin level (P = .04) and longer preoperative predicted length of stay (P = .03). Bacterial composition shifted with each intervention. There were 4 main bacteria-Firmicutes, Bacteroides, Actinobacteria, and Proteobacteria. In the endoscopic-only group, Bacteroides and Firmicutes predominated. One surgical patient had a comparatively higher ratio of Proteobacteria.

CONCLUSION: Patients who failed endoscopic management had poorer nutrition and higher preoperative risk factors, which may contribute to an unfavorable microbial composition that inhibits wound healing. Understanding the gut microbiome in gastrointestinal leaks could lead to more effective prevention and treatment strategies.},
}

@article {pmid42567842,
year = {2026},
author = {Iqbal, MZ and Sharma, P and Shafi, Z and Shahid, M and Debnath, A and Rasool, A and Ali, S},
title = {The Gut Microbiome in Foodborne Microplastic Toxicity: Mechanistic Insights and Human Health Risk Assessment.},
journal = {Journal of applied toxicology : JAT},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1002/jat.70387},
pmid = {42567842},
issn = {1099-1263},
support = {KFU264174//Deanship of Scientific Research, King Faisal University/ ; },
abstract = {Microplastics (MPs) are emerging foodborne contaminants with increasing implications for gastrointestinal health. However, the mechanistic basis linking dietary MP exposure to gut dysbiosis and intestinal dysfunction remains poorly resolved, limiting robust human health risk assessment. This review critically synthesizes current evidence on foodborne MPs, dietary exposure, and the physicochemical determinants of gastrointestinal fate, bioavailability, and toxicity. We examine the molecular and microbiome-mediated mechanisms linking MPs exposure to intestinal dysbiosis, barrier dysfunction, oxidative stress, immune activation, and metabolic reprogramming. Particular attention is given to the role of MPs as vectors for co-contaminants, which can amplify toxicity through synergistic interactions and reshape host-microbiome responses. We highlight advances in dynamic colon simulation and integrated multi-omics that unravels the mechanism underlying MP-induced intestinal toxicity. Current evidence indicates that gut microbiome dysregulation is a key mechanism driving foodborne MP-induced intestinal dysfunction and systemic toxicity. This review integrates multidisciplinary evidence to identify critical knowledge gaps and guide future research on the mechanisms, exposure, and health risks of foodborne microplastics.},
}

@article {pmid42567864,
year = {2026},
author = {Buyanbadrakh, B and Baland, E and Lambeck, P and Pérez Jiménez, L and Holmberg, SM and Puértolas-Balint, F and Toh, E and Wai, SN and Schroeder, BO and Ramstedt, M and Zhu, S and Mateus, A},
title = {Systematic profiling of growth interactions in human gut microbiome species.},
journal = {Nature communications},
volume = {17},
number = {1},
pages = {},
pmid = {42567864},
issn = {2041-1723},
mesh = {Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome/physiology ; Clostridium perfringens/physiology/growth & development ; *Microbial Interactions/physiology ; Veillonella/growth & development ; Bacteria/growth & development/classification/genetics ; Eubacteriales/growth & development ; },
abstract = {Microbial interactions shape the composition and stability of the human gut microbiome. Yet, few studies have systematically investigated species-species growth interactions and the mechanisms behind these. Here we show that among 36 representative gut bacterial strains, when two species interact, the interactions are mostly inhibitory. To provide biological insight into specific interactions, we further investigate the basis of a positive interaction, showing that Clostridium perfringens promotes the growth of Mediterraneibacter gnavus through extracellular vesicles. Additionally, we identify Veillonella parvula as a species capable of modulating environmental pH, thereby enabling the growth of Parabacteroides merdae, a strain highly sensitive to acidic conditions. This pH-increasing effect is enhanced by guanine supplementation and persists in multi-species communities containing different pH-lowering strains from diverse bacterial phyla. Although V. parvula is commonly present in human gut microbiomes, it is generally found at low levels. Given the spatial organization of bacteria in the gut, the local pH modulation by V. parvula might support the growth of acid-sensitive strains. Overall, the comprehensive dataset and mechanistic insights presented here provide a starting point to predict microbiome composition by integrating growth interactions.},
}

Humans
Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
*Gastrointestinal Microbiome/physiology
Clostridium perfringens/physiology/growth & development
*Microbial Interactions/physiology
Veillonella/growth & development
Bacteria/growth & development/classification/genetics
Eubacteriales/growth & development

@article {pmid42567900,
year = {2026},
author = {Sevi, S and Romeggio, S and Dinatale, G and Alfonsi, F and Fiorini, E},
title = {Precision periodontology in clinical practice: bridging omics and clinical decision-making.},
journal = {Clinical oral investigations},
volume = {30},
number = {9},
pages = {},
pmid = {42567900},
issn = {1436-3771},
mesh = {Humans ; *Clinical Decision-Making ; *Precision Medicine ; *Periodontics/methods ; Biomarkers/analysis ; *Genomics ; Microbiota ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Precision periodontology integrates molecular diagnostics, genomics, and advanced imaging into clinical decision-making. Despite major advances in microbiome characterisation, host genetics, and inflammatory biomarkers, their translation into routine care remains limited.

OBJECTIVES: To critically appraise current evidence on microbiome-based profiling, genetic and epigenetic markers, host-response biomarkers, and three-dimensional imaging in periodontology, and to propose a conceptual decision-support framework linking diagnostic outputs to potential therapeutic actions and future implementation research.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: A narrative review searching PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Embase, and the Cochrane Library (2010-2025) using terms related to precision periodontology, subgingival microbiome, periodontitis genetics and epigenetics, salivary and GCF biomarkers, aMMP-8, CBCT, risk assessment, and artificial intelligence. Priority was given to meta-analyses, systematic reviews, longitudinal studies, and guideline documents.

RESULTS: Microbiological testing has defined but narrow indications; single-SNP genotyping has not demonstrated clinical utility commensurate with cost; aMMP-8 point-of-care testing is among the most extensively investigated host-response tools and may have adjunctive value in selected monitoring and peri-implant scenarios; however, current evidence remains insufficient to support routine diagnostic implementation. CBCT may directly influence surgical decision-making through defect morphology characterisation. AI-based models show promise but lack prospective clinical validation. These conclusions are consistent with the 20th EFP Workshop Consensus Report.

CONCLUSIONS: Precision periodontology currently operates in addition to, rather than in replacement of, conventional staging and grading. We propose a conceptual decision-threshold framework for the selective consideration of molecular and advanced imaging tools when their additive contribution may meaningfully inform management. This framework should be regarded as a research-oriented decision-support model rather than a validated clinical algorithm.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Clinicians are provided with a structured, evidence-based framework that identifies specific clinical scenarios where molecular diagnostics, host-response biomarkers, and three-dimensional imaging may meaningfully modify periodontal treatment decisions, supporting the operationalisation of precision approaches in daily practice.},
}

Humans
*Clinical Decision-Making
*Precision Medicine
*Periodontics/methods
Biomarkers/analysis
*Genomics
Microbiota

@article {pmid42568234,
year = {2026},
author = {Bahadoran, E and Babaei, A and Shahbazi, S and Badri, M and Nikkhahi, F and Sabzi, S},
title = {Insights Into Infections and Inflammation in Prostate Cancer Development and Management: An Overview.},
journal = {BioMed research international},
volume = {2026},
number = {1},
pages = {e7584584},
pmid = {42568234},
issn = {2314-6141},
mesh = {Humans ; Male ; *Prostatic Neoplasms/pathology/therapy/microbiology/epidemiology ; *Inflammation/pathology/complications ; Prostatitis/pathology ; Signal Transduction ; Risk Factors ; Prostatic Hyperplasia/pathology ; },
abstract = {Prostate cancer (PCa) represents a major public health concern and continues to be one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality among men worldwide. Current epidemiological projections suggest that the incidence and associated burden of PCa are likely to increase, emphasizing the importance of advancing preventive measures, improving early diagnostic approaches, and refining targeted therapeutic strategies. While established risk factors, including age, genetic predisposition, lifestyle-related factors, ethnicity, and androgen signaling, have been extensively studied, these factors alone do not fully explain the observed patterns of PCa development. Increasing evidence suggests that infection-associated chronic inflammation plays a central role in prostate tumor initiation and progression. Chronic inflammation of the prostate, arising from conditions such as prostatitis, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), lower urinary tract infections (UTIs), sexually transmitted infections (STIs), and prolonged or repeated catheterization, has been associated with histological and molecular changes that may predispose prostate tissue to malignant transformation. Moreover, emerging evidence suggests that alterations in the prostate microbiome may sustain inflammatory signaling, thereby influencing tumor initiation and progression. This review synthesizes current epidemiological findings and experimental evidence linking infection-associated inflammation to the development of PCa. Particular focus is placed on inflammatory signaling pathways implicated in prostate tumorigenesis, including nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), cyclooxygenase-2/prostaglandin E2 (COX-2/PGE2), interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 signaling, Toll-like receptor (TLR) pathways, and activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. In addition, we discuss therapeutic strategies that are aimed at modulating these pathways and their potential relevance in PCa management. A more comprehensive understanding of the interactions between infection, chronic inflammation, and PCa development may facilitate the identification of novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Such advances could ultimately contribute to improved risk stratification, earlier detection, and more effective treatment of PCa.},
}

Humans
Male
*Prostatic Neoplasms/pathology/therapy/microbiology/epidemiology
*Inflammation/pathology/complications
Prostatitis/pathology
Signal Transduction
Risk Factors
Prostatic Hyperplasia/pathology

@article {pmid42568240,
year = {2026},
author = {Cuervo-Zanatta, D and Balasubramanian, HB and Pasokh, A and Zille, M},
title = {Microbiome-blood-brain barrier interactions in aging - mechanisms and therapeutic potential.},
journal = {FEBS letters},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1002/1873-3468.70412},
pmid = {42568240},
issn = {1873-3468},
support = {Hochschuljubiläumsfonds / H-506512/2024//Hochschuljubiläumsstiftung der Stadt Wien/ ; SECTEI/070/2024//Secretaría de Estado de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación/ ; DOC Fellowship #27097//Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften/ ; },
abstract = {Age-related decline in neurovascular integrity is an increasingly recognized contributor to cognitive impairment and neurodegenerative vulnerability. A central feature is blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction arising from endothelial senescence, altered barrier regulation, and chronic low-grade inflammation. In parallel, aging remodels the gut microbiota, with reduced diversity, loss of short-chain fatty acid-producing commensals, and expansion of pro-inflammatory taxa. Converging evidence indicates that age-related shifts in the gut microbiota alter microbiome function and can modulate BBB physiology through microbial metabolites, immune-endothelial signaling, and systemic metabolic pathways. These data position the gut-brain axis as an important, but not sole, modulator of neurovascular aging. Preclinical and emerging human data suggest that dysbiosis lowers the threshold for BBB dysfunction, and microbiome-targeted interventions in experimental models can improve barrier-relevant features. Notably, no human trial has yet demonstrated that microbiome modulation prevents or reverses BBB impairment using validated neuroimaging or fluid biomarkers. This review synthesizes mechanisms of microbiota-BBB crosstalk in aging, distinguishes correlation from causation, and outlines translational opportunities and limitations of dietary, probiotic, and fecal microbiota-based strategies for preserving neurovascular health in older adults.},
}

@article {pmid42568471,
year = {2026},
author = {Witkowski, M and Przybyciński, J and Wojciuk, B and Czaja, W and Gołembiewska, N and Gołembiewska, E},
title = {The role of gut microbiome disruption in the development of metabolic dysfunction-associated kidney disease.},
journal = {Acta biochimica Polonica},
volume = {73},
number = {},
pages = {16436},
pmid = {42568471},
issn = {1734-154X},
mesh = {Humans ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; Animals ; *Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/microbiology/metabolism ; *Dysbiosis/microbiology/metabolism/complications ; *Metabolic Diseases/microbiology/complications/metabolism ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/microbiology/metabolism ; },
abstract = {Metabolic dysfunction-associated kidney disease (MDAKD) is increasingly recognised as a major clinical consequence of the global rise in obesity, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease. Accumulating evidence suggests that the gut microbiota may contribute to the development and progression of metabolic and renal disorders through complex mechanisms involving microbial metabolites, immune activation, and disruption of the intestinal barrier. This review provides an overview of current knowledge regarding the role of the gut microbiota and gut-derived metabolites in the pathogenesis of chronic kidney disease (CKD) associated with metabolic disorders. Special attention is given to short-chain fatty acids, bile acids, N-trimethylamine oxide, branched-chain amino acids, indoxyl sulfate, p-cresol sulfate, and lipopolysaccharides. Accumulating experimental and clinical evidence suggests that dysbiosis may contribute to chronic low-grade inflammation, insulin resistance, endothelial dysfunction, lipotoxicity, and profibrotic signaling pathways associated with kidney injury and cardiovascular complications. The review also identifies significant limitations in current microbiome research, such as the predominance of animal studies, methodological challenges in metabolite quantification, and difficulties in establishing causality in humans. Emerging therapeutic strategies targeting the gut microbiota, including dietary interventions, prebiotics, probiotics, sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists, and faecal microbiota transplantation, may offer novel approaches to slowing CKD progression and improving metabolic health. However, further mechanistic and clinical studies are required to determine the efficacy of microbiota-targeted therapies in MDAKD.},
}

Humans
*Gastrointestinal Microbiome
Animals
*Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/microbiology/metabolism
*Dysbiosis/microbiology/metabolism/complications
*Metabolic Diseases/microbiology/complications/metabolism
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/microbiology/metabolism

@article {pmid42568521,
year = {2026},
author = {Tang, H and Zheng, S and Lai, Y and Wang, Q and Yang, N and Luo, N and Cai, L and Liu, Y and Chen, X and Yang, Y and Wan, H and Liu, Z and Li, Y and Yang, F and Yang, W and Ren, Y and Li, J},
title = {Geographic origin and wheat variety shape microbial and functional profiles of brewing wheat for Daqu fermentation.},
journal = {Frontiers in microbiology},
volume = {17},
number = {},
pages = {1879363},
pmid = {42568521},
issn = {1664-302X},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Wheat is the primary raw material for traditional Baijiu Daqu fermentation, yet its role as a carrier of functional microbiota and its contribution to Daqu quality remain poorly understood.

METHODS: A total of 135 wheat samples representing five geographic regions and nine cultivars were subjected to sensory evaluation, physicochemical analysis, and 16S rRNA gene and ITS amplicon sequencing. Microbial community composition, predicted functional potential, and their associations with wheat quality traits were analyzed using PICRUSt2, Mantel tests, and correlation analyses.

RESULTS: Sensory evaluation indicated that the cultivation environment had a greater impact on Daqu quality than wheat cultivar, with wheat from the Dayi region and the MM916 cultivar exhibiting the most favorable characteristics. Sequencing identified 1,732 bacterial and 484 fungal amplicon sequence variants (ASVs), revealing significant geographic and varietal differences in microbial communities, while core taxa dominated by Pseudomonadota and Basidiomycota were consistently detected across all samples. Functional prediction suggested that microbial communities were primarily enriched in metabolic pathways, particularly carbohydrate metabolism, energy metabolism, and cofactor and vitamin metabolism. Spatial variation was observed in starch and sucrose metabolism, acetoin biosynthesis, and enzymes such as β-glucosidase and alcohol dehydrogenase. Wheat quality traits, especially protein, starch, and wet gluten content, were significantly associated with microbial composition and predicted functions. Thirty-two genera, including Sphingomonas, Pedobacter, and Martelella, showed strong correlations with these quality traits.

DISCUSSION: Geographic origin and wheat cultivar jointly shape the microbial communities and functional potential of brewing wheat, providing pre-existing microbial resources that may influence early Daqu fermentation and flavor formation. These findings offer a microbiome-based framework for evaluating and selecting high-quality wheat for Baijiu production.},
}

@article {pmid42568523,
year = {2026},
author = {Emiliani, G and Barberini, S and Della Rocca, G and Bigazzi, F and Moricca, S and Schicchi, R and Danti, R},
title = {Habitat conditions shape the phyllosphere mycobiome of the critically endangered Abies nebrodensis.},
journal = {Frontiers in plant science},
volume = {17},
number = {},
pages = {1876158},
pmid = {42568523},
issn = {1664-462X},
abstract = {The phyllosphere harbors diverse fungal communities that influence tree health, adaptation, and growth. This study investigated the phyllosphere mycobiome of the critically endangered Abies nebrodensis, using ITS2 metabarcoding. Samples were collected from 10 trees distributed across three sites during a single sampling campaign. Influence of tissue health state (green vs. blighted twigs) and variation of habitat conditions on diversity and composition of the mycobiome was evaluated. The 4,501 amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) detected were dominated by Ascomycota, particularly Dothideomycetes and Sordariomycetes. The endospheric community showed reduced diversity compared to the full phyllospheric community; however, both were dominated by Valsaceae and Phaeosphaeriaceae and by the genera Phaeosphaeria and Lachnellula. Tissue health and site conditions significantly affected diversity and composition of the full phyllospheric but not of endospheric communities. Valsaceae were consistently detected within the core mycobiota of Sicilian fir, together with melanized and extremotolerant genera such as Knufia, Perusta, Cladosporium, Alternaria, and Sarcinomyces. Despite the study was based on a single spring snapshot, our findings indicate habitat variation as a major driver of the phyllosphere mycobiome of A. nebrodensis. The occurrence of Valsaceae and extremotolerant fungi in the core mycobiome suggests that these taxa may play a functional role potentially contributing to the holobiont adaptation to a harsh environment.},
}

@article {pmid42568550,
year = {2026},
author = {Sonnauer, F and Fries, FL and Druzenko, M and Kastner, UW and Mühle, C and Kornhuber, J},
title = {Clinical relevance of loneliness in the treatment of depression: study protocol for a naturalistic prospective longitudinal study.},
journal = {Frontiers in psychiatry},
volume = {17},
number = {},
pages = {1827062},
pmid = {42568550},
issn = {1664-0640},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Loneliness and depression are widespread and severely debilitating health conditions. Notably, loneliness and depression are closely intertwined, with individuals suffering from depression being particularly vulnerable to loneliness and vice versa. However, little is known regarding the clinical significance of loneliness in the treatment of depression and the biopsychosocial mechanisms underlying this association.

METHODS: This protocol presents a naturalistic longitudinal study on the clinical significance of loneliness in inpatient and post-inpatient treatment outcomes of adults with depression. The design includes three main assessment points with comprehensive diagnostics (including clinical interviews, questionnaires, and optional biospecimen collection for biomarker and microbiome analyses), as well as interim assessments and the integration of routine clinical data. The primary outcomes include depressive symptom severity and perceived loneliness across the course of treatment and follow-up. Secondary outcomes and covariates are analyzed to identify other clinically relevant indicators, such as life satisfaction and suicidality, and to better understand the biopsychosocial interplay between loneliness and depression. Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses, including (generalized) linear mixed model analyses and mixed analyses of variance (ANOVA), will be conducted following both hypothesis-driven and exploratory approaches.

DISCUSSION: By employing a clinical sample and longitudinal design, this study advances the understanding of the role of loneliness in the treatment and maintenance of depression. In addition to evaluating primary outcomes, analyses of secondary outcomes can provide information on shared and distinct biopsychosocial pathways, thereby identifying potential correlates of mental health outcomes that may inform future research. Limitations include the possible inflation of Type I errors in exploratory analyses and potential biases such as selection bias and cognitive distortions in self-reported data. Nevertheless, this study can provide an important foundation for subsequent clinical trials and translational research. This study was prospectively registered at ClinicalTrials.gov on 31[st] December 2025 before patient enrollment (Identifier: NCT07333027, Study Details | NCT07333027 | Lonely in Depression | ClinicalTrials.gov).

STUDY PROTOCOL REGISTRATION: https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT07333027?cond=NCT07333027&viewType=Card&rank=1, identifier NCT07333027.},
}

@article {pmid42568762,
year = {2026},
author = {Hong, L and Wang, Y and Li, M and Li, J and Zhang, Q and Qiu, M and Jia, X and Su, Q and Lin, W and Wang, H and Wu, Z},
title = {Continuous Planting Reshapes Root Endophytic Microbes and Drives Growth Decline in Casuarina equisetifolia.},
journal = {Indian journal of microbiology},
volume = {66},
number = {4},
pages = {1081-1097},
pmid = {42568762},
issn = {0046-8991},
abstract = {UNLABELLED: Continuous planting barrier limits the growth of Casuarina equisetifolia (C. equisetifolia), an ecological and economic tree species, yet its microbial mechanism remains unclear. This study revealed microbial-driven barriers by examining the impact of continuous planting on root endophyte communities in C. equisetifolia. The results showed that continuous planting significantly reduced the antioxidant enzyme activities, root activity, and nutrient accumulation in the root system of C. equisetifolia, and inhibited root length and plant height growth. Microbial community analysis revealed that continuous planting led to a significant decrease in the abundance of Nitrobacter, a key endophytic bacterium in the root system, which may weaken the nitrogen metabolism functions mediated by nitrate reduction, nitrogen respiration, and nitrate respiration, and to some extent undermine the nitrogen conversion efficiency of the root system. At the same time, continuous planting promoted the enrichment of pathogenic endophytic fungi (Phomopsis, Pseudocercospora and Diaporthe) in the root system, which may be accompanied by enhanced plant pathogen functions, and this may be associated with a reduction in the antioxidant and nutrient uptake capacities of the C. equisetifolia root system. It was shown that continuous planting inhibited C. equisetifolia growth through a dual microbial mechanism: on the one hand, it reduced functional flora, which may in turn weaken nitrogen metabolism and stress tolerance; on the other hand, it increased pathogenic fungi, which may intensify disease impact. This study offers a new perspective on the microecological mechanism of continuous planting disorder and a theoretical basis for its mitigation via root microbiome regulation.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12088-026-01561-9.},
}

@article {pmid42568814,
year = {2026},
author = {Chen, Y and Sun, Y and Huang, R and Li, S and Liu, Y and Yuan, X and Chen, X and Li, J and Yin, L and Ma, C and Zhang, F},
title = {Stochasticity dominated adaptive assembly of benthic microbiota across oasis-to-desert sections of an arid inland river.},
journal = {iScience},
volume = {29},
number = {8},
pages = {117003},
pmid = {42568814},
issn = {2589-0042},
abstract = {Sediment microbial communities in arid inland rivers are important for biogeochemical cycling, but the assembly mechanisms and network responses across the transition from irrigated oases to desert margins remain unclear. We investigated bacterial and fungal communities in Yarkand River sediments along salinity and nutrient gradients using 16S rRNA and ITS sequencing, sediment chemistry, iCAMP null-model analysis, and co-occurrence networks. Downstream increases in electrical conductivity, total nitrogen, and pH were associated with reduced bacterial α-diversity and turnover from nutrient-responsive Pseudomonadota in the oasis midstream to stress-tolerant Chloroflexota and Actinomycetota in the desert downstream. Fungal diversity showed high inter-site variability without a linear decline. Despite strong physicochemical gradients, ecological drift dominated assembly in both kingdoms, while desert networks showed higher connectivity. These findings support a hierarchical assembly model in which salinity filters community composition, but stochastic processes and network densification shape benthic microbiota in arid river sediments.},
}

@article {pmid42568886,
year = {2026},
author = {Muigano, MN},
title = {Functional genetic signatures of the gut microbiome in cardiometabolic diseases: mechanisms and translational opportunities.},
journal = {Frontiers in microbiomes},
volume = {5},
number = {},
pages = {1847345},
pmid = {42568886},
issn = {2813-4338},
abstract = {The human gut microbiome plays a very important role in the regulation of host metabolism and overall physiological homeostasis. Disruptions in microbial community function have been increasingly implicated in cardiometabolic diseases, including obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and metabolic dysfunction-associated liver disease. Advances in metagenomic sequencing have identified functional genetic signatures within the gut microbiome for short-chain fatty acid biosynthesis, bile acid metabolism, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) production, amino acid metabolism, trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) generation, and carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes). Across cardiometabolic conditions, a consistent pattern emerges of depletion of beneficial metabolic functions and enrichment of pro-inflammatory and metabolically disruptive pathways. These findings point to the importance of microbial functional capacity, rather than taxonomic composition alone, in shaping disease risk and progression. This review explores the functional genetic signatures for cardiometabolic diseases and translational potential of these signatures including their potential roles as diagnostic biomarkers, therapeutic targets, and tools for precision therapy. This understanding of microbiome-derived functional pathways may inform the development of targeted strategies aimed at restoring metabolic balance and improving cardiometabolic health.},
}

@article {pmid42569238,
year = {2026},
author = {Dolkar, P and Themchuirin, L and Sonia, N and Atri, A and Yadav, P and Siwach, S and Modeel, S and Negi, RK},
title = {Fish gut-water interface as a hotspot for the dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes across natural and aquaculture systems.},
journal = {Current research in microbial sciences},
volume = {11},
number = {},
pages = {100646},
doi = {10.1016/j.crmicr.2026.100646},
pmid = {42569238},
issn = {2666-5174},
abstract = {Freshwater ecosystems are important reservoirs and transmission pathways for antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), yet host-mediated microbial selection and anthropogenic pressure on fish gut resistome remain poorly characterised, especially in major South Asian river systems. We performed shotgun metagenomics and genome-resolved binning from 194 fish representing four species, along with host-associated water samples, collected from six geographically distinct sites spanning two major river systems (the Yamuna and the Indus) and two aquaculture farms. The fish gut nurtures distinct microbial communities from the surrounding water, revealing strong host-mediated filtering of environmental microbiota. Across all samples, 1108 ARG subtypes conferring resistance to 14 antibiotic classes were detected, including extended-spectrum β-lactamases (blaTEM and blaCTX-M) and WHO critical-priority carbapenemases (blaIMP and blaOXA). Fish from the Indus River maintained diverse but comparatively stable resistomes dominated by intrinsic chromosomal efflux mechanisms, whereas fish from the urbanized Yamuna River, particularly Labeo boggut, exhibited noticeable enrichment of clinically important ARGs. The prevalence of mobile genetic elements (MGEs) and virulence factors (VFs) were consistently more abundant in the fish gut microbiome than in the host's surrounding water, indicating an increased potential for horizontal gene transfer and microbial persistence. A total of 19 metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) carrying multiple ARGs, VFs, and plasmid-associated markers were detected, identifying bacterial populations capable of maintaining and disseminating antimicrobial resistance. These outcomes confirm that fish inhabiting anthropogenically influenced river systems can serve as important reservoirs of clinically relevant resistance determinants, highlighting potential risks for environmental dissemination, aquaculture and human exposure through aquatic ecosystems.},
}

@article {pmid42569308,
year = {2026},
author = {Fan, G and Wang, K and Qi, X and Shi, Y and Li, J and Zhang, Y and Yang, B and Wang, K and Lv, J},
title = {Integrative multi-omics analysis identifies microbial dysbiosis and functional metabolic reprogramming in acute kidney injury.},
journal = {Frontiers in medicine},
volume = {13},
number = {},
pages = {1781145},
doi = {10.3389/fmed.2026.1781145},
pmid = {42569308},
issn = {2296-858X},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a life-threatening syndrome with high morbidity and mortality, yet its early diagnosis and underlying mechanisms remain poorly defined. Emerging evidence implicates gut dysbiosis and microbial metabolic dysfunction in AKI pathogenesis via the gut-kidney axis, yet a comprehensive, multi-omics characterization of microbial functional alterations in general AKI populations remains lacking.

METHODS: We conducted a prospective multi-omics study including 16 patients with acute kidney injury (AKI) and 16 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HCs). Plasma metabolomic profiling was performed using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF/MS). Gut microbiome composition and function were characterized through whole-metagenome sequencing of stool samples. Differential taxonomic and metabolite features were identified using multivariate and univariate statistical analyses. Microbial functional potential was assessed across four hierarchical layers: Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) Orthologs (KOs) genes, pathways, gut-metabolite modules (GMMs), and gut-brain modules (GBMs), to achieve high-resolution mapping of metabolic pathways and taxon-specific functional contributions. Integrated microbe-metabolite-phenotype relationships were evaluated using Spearman correlation analysis.

RESULTS: Metabolomic profiling identified 65 differentially abundant metabolites between AKI patients and healthy controls (HCs), including 53 upregulated and 12 downregulated metabolites. These metabolites were mainly enriched in carbohydrate metabolism (e.g., starch and sucrose metabolism, fructose and mannose metabolism) and amino acid metabolism pathways. Among them, Maltol (C11918, AUC = 0.961), D-Quinovose (C02522, AUC = 0.926), and L-fucose (CO1019, AUC = 0.926) demonstrated the most robust diagnostic potential. Further feature selection using a random forest model identified an optimal panel of three metabolites, which achieved good discriminative performance (AUC = 0.859, 95% CI: 0.7073-1). Metagenomic analysis revealed significant gut microbiota dysbiosis in AKI, characterized by reduced α-diversity and distinct β-diversity compared to HCs. Taxonomic profiling showed depletion of key short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria, including Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, along with enrichment of taxa such as Phocaeicola and Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum, as well as Phocaeicola vulgatus at the species level. Functional analysis indicated that AKI was associated with enhanced amino acid and carbohydrate metabolism, increased xenobiotic degradation, and alterations in neuroactive metabolic pathways. Integrated analysis further revealed significant correlations between altered microbial taxa, metabolic pathways, and clinical indicators. Specifically, health-associated taxa were negatively correlated with systemic inflammation markers (IL-6, IL-8) and renal injury markers (SCr, BUN), whereas Bacteroides uniformis showed positive associations with metabolic alterations in AKI.

CONCLUSION: This multi-omics study reveals coordinated gut microbial dysbiosis and systemic metabolic reprogramming in AKI. The depletion of key commensals, rather than pathogen overgrowth, appears central to AKI-associated functional disruption. These findings highlight potential microbial and metabolic biomarkers and offer mechanistic insights into AKI pathogenesis.},
}

@article {pmid42569327,
year = {2026},
author = {Meng, L and Zhang, X and Zhuang, X and Cui, W},
title = {Oral microbiome diversity and mortality in metabolic syndrome: a cohort study.},
journal = {Journal of oral microbiology},
volume = {18},
number = {1},
pages = {2712017},
doi = {10.1080/20002297.2026.2712017},
pmid = {42569327},
issn = {2000-2297},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is associated with a higher risk of mortality. Oral microbiome diversity is related to health outcomes, but its role in forecasting MetS prognosis and the relevant pathogenic mechanisms is still largely unexplored.

METHODS: Data from 1,769 MetS patients were extracted from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2009-2012 cycle. To evaluate alpha diversity, the Shannon index, Faith's phylogenetic diversity (PD), observed operational taxonomic units (OTUs), and the Inverse Simpson index were determined. ALDEx2 was employed for differential abundance analysis in the high-diversity subgroup. Co-occurrence network analysis was subsequently conducted, followed by partitioning around medoids (PAM) clustering for community typing. Prognostic associations were validated through Cox regression.

RESULTS: Both the Shannon index (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.78, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.63-0.96) and the Inverse Simpson index (HR = 0.84, 95% CI: 0.74-0.96) were inversely associated with mortality. In the high-diversity subgroup, differential abundance analysis did not identify any OTU whose relative abundance differed significantly by survival status. According to network analysis, the deceased group exhibited a higher density of positive co-occurrences (283 vs. 224 edges) alongside a notable expansion of negative interactions (71 vs. 15 edges), which was a hallmark of declining community stability. Two clusters were identified through community typing, yet this classification was not significantly related to survival outcomes (CType_2 vs. CType_1: HR = 1.05, 95% CI: 0.73-1.49).

CONCLUSIONS: Oral microbiome diversity exhibits a negative association with mortality among MetS patients. However, in the high-diversity subgroup, ecological network disruption, rather than alpha diversity or differential taxonomic richness, differentiates the deceased patients from the alive counterparts. This suggests that community structure is a promising risk marker with a higher sensitivity than diversity alone.},
}

@article {pmid42569339,
year = {2026},
author = {Xue, K and Hu, C and Lin, Z and Mao, X and Zhu, H and Xie, Y and Luo, Q and Zhu, F},
title = {Multi-omics profiling of oral microbial functional signatures and systemic immune-metabolic features in perinatal depression.},
journal = {Brain, behavior, & immunity - health},
volume = {56},
number = {},
pages = {101300},
doi = {10.1016/j.bbih.2026.101300},
pmid = {42569339},
issn = {2666-3546},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Perinatal depression (PND) occurs during a period marked by profound endocrine, metabolic, and immune adaptation. Although alterations in immune-metabolic regulation have been reported in PND, how such changes manifest across distinct biological compartments remains unclear. The oral mucosal ecosystem represents an immunologically active interface with direct connections to systemic circulation, yet its functional characteristics in PND have been insufficiently explored. In this study, we examined whether PND is characterized by differences in oral microbial functional profiles alongside systemic immune-metabolic features.

METHODS: We performed an integrated multi-omics analysis combining salivary shotgun metagenomics and untargeted serum metabolomics in 31 women with PND and 32 healthy controls. Oral microbial taxonomic composition and inferred functional profiles were analyzed together with circulating metabolites related to endocrine and immune processes. Cross-omics analyses were used to evaluate overall concordance as well as pathway- and feature-level associations between microbial functional signals and host metabolic features.

FINDINGS: The oral microbiome of women with PND showed largely preserved community structure and diversity, while differences were observed at the level of inferred functional pathways, including enrichment of lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis and virulence-associated functional categories. Concurrently, the serum metabolome exhibited differences in steroid-related metabolites, bile acid profiles, and lipid mediator-associated features involved in immune modulation, including putatively annotated resolvin D5. Global concordance between oral microbial functional profiles and systemic metabolomic patterns was limited; however, reproducible associations were observed at the pathway and feature levels, such as an inverse association between the relative abundance of the genus Abiotrophia and the bile acid taurochenodeoxycholate-7-sulfate.

INTERPRETATION: Together, these findings describe concurrent differences in oral microbial functional signatures and systemic immune-metabolic features in women with PND, occurring in the context of minimal changes in microbial community composition. The limited global concordance and selective pathway-level correspondence across omic layers are consistent with asynchronous patterns of biological variation during the perinatal period. These observations support the potential relevance of the oral-systemic axis as a non-invasive perspective for characterizing biological heterogeneity associated with perinatal depression.},
}

@article {pmid42569366,
year = {2026},
author = {Niu, X and Nur, Z and Xie, W and Sun, Y and Wang, L and Zheng, Y},
title = {Immunosenescence shapes the tumor immune microenvironment and limits PD-1/PD-L1 blockade efficacy in older patients with cancer.},
journal = {Frontiers in immunology},
volume = {17},
number = {},
pages = {1781004},
doi = {10.3389/fimmu.2026.1781004},
pmid = {42569366},
issn = {1664-3224},
mesh = {Humans ; *Immunosenescence/immunology ; *Tumor Microenvironment/immunology/drug effects ; *Neoplasms/immunology/drug therapy/metabolism ; *Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor/antagonists & inhibitors/immunology ; *B7-H1 Antigen/antagonists & inhibitors/immunology ; *Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors/therapeutic use ; Animals ; T-Cell Exhaustion ; Aged ; },
abstract = {As the global population ages, immunosenescence is emerging as a critical determinant of cancer outcomes in older adults. Although programmed cell death protein 1/protein programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) blockade has significantly improved the treatment of multiple malignancies, its efficacy in older patients is highly heterogeneous, and the biological basis for this variability remains incompletely understood. Current evidence indicates that immunosenescence reshapes antitumour immunity through thymic involution, reduced T cell receptor diversity, chronic low-grade inflammation, and expansion of immunosuppressive cell populations, thereby impairing antigen presentation, weakening T cell activation and effector function, promoting terminal T cell exhaustion, and reinforcing suppressive tumour microenvironments. Together, these changes form an important mechanistic basis for the limited benefit of PD-1/PD-L1 blockade in older patients. Meanwhile, potentially targetable processes, including metabolic dysregulation, mitochondrial dysfunction, defective autophagy-mitophagy, redox imbalance, and gut microbiota dysbiosis, are increasingly recognized as modifiable contributors to age-associated resistance to immunotherapy. In this Review, we discuss how immunosenescence remodels antitumour immunity and constrains responses to PD-1/PD-L1 blockade in older patients, and we summarize potential strategies to improve immunotherapeutic efficacy in this population. These insights may inform future mechanistic studies, biomarker discovery, and the development of age-adapted therapeutic strategies.},
}

Humans
*Immunosenescence/immunology
*Tumor Microenvironment/immunology/drug effects
*Neoplasms/immunology/drug therapy/metabolism
*Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor/antagonists & inhibitors/immunology
*B7-H1 Antigen/antagonists & inhibitors/immunology
*Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors/therapeutic use
Animals
T-Cell Exhaustion
Aged

@article {pmid42569432,
year = {2026},
author = {Murphy, EF and Templeman, I and Rimmer, J and Harding, SV},
title = {Gut microbiome modulation for military resilience and performance.},
journal = {Frontiers in microbiomes},
volume = {5},
number = {},
pages = {1828981},
doi = {10.3389/frmbi.2026.1828981},
pmid = {42569432},
issn = {2813-4338},
abstract = {A range of technologies are being developed to modulate the human gut microbiome, aimed at resolving gut dysbiosis and restoring normal host function. Although limited, a subset of studies have begun to evaluate these technologies within healthy human populations. This could provide approaches to mitigate the impact of occupational stressors on military personnel to ensure their operational effectiveness and resilience is maintained, and could also extend to enhancing the physical or cognitive performance of an individual beyond their baseline potential. Research using in vivo models and healthy human populations suggest that cognition, mineral absorption, muscle resilience, endurance and structural integrity, and injury recovery are modified by the gut microbiome. However, the regulations that govern the use of these technologies are largely focused on their use in treating disease and promoting health, which could hinder such applications. Therefore, whilst the use of gut microbiome modulation could present opportunities to enhance resilience and performance in military personnel, more research in healthy human cohorts is needed, alongside the development of effective regulatory frameworks supporting wider applications.},
}

@article {pmid42569838,
year = {2026},
author = {Wang, Z and Shang, D and Zhao, C and Song, T and He, C},
title = {Neuro-Immune-Skin Axis: The Role of Neuropsychological Factors in Atopic Dermatitis.},
journal = {Dermatitis : contact, atopic, occupational, drug},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {17103568261475840},
doi = {10.1177/17103568261475840},
pmid = {42569838},
issn = {2162-5220},
abstract = {The understanding of atopic dermatitis (AD) pathogenesis is evolving beyond the barrier-immune dichotomy, with neuropsychological factors gaining prominence as a central component. This review systematically decodes the multi-level crosslink within the "brain-skin axis" in AD, encompassing recent advances in peripheral sensory neuron sensitization, central neural remodeling, and neuro-immune interactions. We elaborate on the roles of neuropeptides, cytokines, the autonomic nervous system, and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in the itch-scratch cycle, inflammation amplification, and mood disorders. Furthermore, we examine the influence of novel therapeutic strategies, including biologics, Janus kinase inhibitors, psychological approaches, and microbiome modulation, on these neuropsychological components. Finally, we outline future research directions, such as elucidating the molecular mechanisms of neuro-immune crosstalk, identifying relevant biomarkers, and establishing interdisciplinary diagnostic and treatment models. A deeper understanding of the role of neuropsychological factors in AD not only drives innovation in treatment strategies but also offers new perspectives for breaking the vicious cycle of "pruritus-inflammation-psychological distress."},
}

@article {pmid42569868,
year = {2026},
author = {Zhao, Z and Yue, S and Yang, M and Zhang, J and Li, F and Li, Y and Wang, P and Zhan, S},
title = {A Universal Fenton-Like Strategy for Selective Generation of [1]O2 in Mixed Industrial Wastewater Treatment and Green Chemical Synthesis.},
journal = {Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e4329489},
doi = {10.1002/anie.4329489},
pmid = {42569868},
issn = {1521-3773},
support = {//Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations/ ; 22225604//Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; U24A20518//Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 22422605//Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 24YFZCSN00050//Tianjin Commission of Science and Technology as key critical technologies R&D projects/ ; 63181206//Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter/ ; QN20230206//Young Scientific and Technological Talents/ ; 25JCYBJC01450//Tianjin Natural Science Foundation Project/ ; 63261159//Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, Nankai University/ ; },
abstract = {Sustained and selective generation of singlet oxygen ([1]O2) in Fenton-like catalytic systems is highly desirable for diverse applications, from freshwater resource management to green chemical synthesis. Despite advances in advanced oxidation processes, there remains a lack of generalizable methods that reliably modulate [1]O2 selectivity. Here, we propose a descriptor-assisted coordination modulation strategy, in which machine-learning analysis identifies the d-band center as an important electronic descriptor associated with [1]O2 selectivity. Through N-coordination modulation, the CoN5 catalyst exhibited near-complete [1]O2 selectivity among the quantified reactive oxygen species (ROS) with a steady-state concentration of 394 µM, outperforming recent reports. As an internal-circulation pre-oxidation module, the CoN5/peroxymonosulfate (CoN5/PMS) system continuously raised wastewater biochemical oxygen demand/chemical oxygen demand (BOD/COD) to above 0.5 over 192 h, increased bioavailable dissolved organic matter (DOM), and showed high microbiome compatibility, evidenced by reduced Vibrio fischeri inhibition and microbial diversity ordination clustering near the background with greater shared-taxa overlap. This system also enabled selective thioanisole oxidation, achieving 90.6% conversion and 99.5% selectivity, with green synthesis potential demonstrated in a three-chamber continuous single-pass reactor. These results establish a generalizable coordination principle for steering ROS pathways and provide a deployable, low-ecological-risk route for both mixed wastewater treatment and green chemical synthesis.},
}

@article {pmid42569915,
year = {2026},
author = {Lin, CP and Geroldi, A and Selem, N and Liti, G and Tsai, IJ},
title = {A Global Synthesis of Yeast in Microbiomes.},
journal = {Yeast (Chichester, England)},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1002/yea.70039},
pmid = {42569915},
issn = {1097-0061},
support = {Impulscience 2024 - SMIC//Fondation Bettencourt Schueller/ ; AS-IA-113-L04//Academia Sinica/ ; 114-2628-B-001-014-//National Science and Technology Council, R.O.C/ ; },
abstract = {Yeasts are widespread members of microbial communities across terrestrial, aquatic, and host-associated environments, yet they remain underrepresented in microbiome studies due to low abundance and methodological biases. By combining a literature review with a meta-analysis of ~44,000 fungal metabarcoding samples from the GlobalFungi database, we show that yeasts occur in over 90% of samples, confirming their global ubiquity. Basidiomycetous lineages-especially Agaricomycotina-were most frequently detected, whereas Saccharomycotina showed stronger signals in anthropogenic, aquatic, host-associated, and food-related settings depending on the dataset. Although yeasts typically comprised only ~0.1% of fungal reads, their distributions were structured rather than uniform and reflected distinct habitat associations across environments. In ~3% of samples, yeasts exceeded 25% of reads, with genera such as Aureobasidium, Hanseniaspora, and Saccharomyces episodically dominating nutrient-rich or human-influenced environments. Cosmopolitan genera including Vishniacozyma, Solicoccozyma and Rhodotorula were broadly distributed but remain underreported in microbiome surveys. Shotgun metagenomic data further confirmed yeast presence across diverse microbiomes, with yeast-derived reads being a small fraction of total metagenomic sequences, reflecting the 'curse of low abundance'. Despite their rarity, yeasts are likely to contribute to nutrient cycling, plant growth, and host interactions. We recommend inclusive multi-kingdom approaches-improved primer design, optimised fungal DNA recovery, long-read sequencing, and quantitative tools-to better integrate yeasts into microbiome research.},
}

@article {pmid42570071,
year = {2026},
author = {Sumi, MSA and Islam Rahat, MT and Resma, MNJ and Ahmed, MF and Mollah, MNH and Kibria, MK},
title = {Identification of hypertension-associated bacterial key genes as potential targets and therapeutic agents through integrated bioinformatics approach.},
journal = {International microbiology : the official journal of the Spanish Society for Microbiology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {42570071},
issn = {1618-1905},
abstract = {Hypertension (HTN) is a major global health burden and a leading risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Although numerous studies have explored host genetic factors and molecular mechanisms underlying HTN, increasing evidence indicates that gut microbiota dysbiosis also contributes to disease development. However, the specific microbial genes involved in HTN pathogenesis and their potential therapeutic targeting remain largely unexplored. This study aimed to identify HTN-associated differentially abundant bacterial genes (DAGs), prioritize bacterial key genes (bKGs) from among them, and repurpose potential therapeutic agents targeting these bKGs using an integrated bioinformatics framework. A total of 167 stool (fecal) microbiome samples, comprising 72 samples from HTN patients and 95 samples from HCs, were analyzed using publicly available 16 S rRNA sequencing data. After quality processing and clustering at 97% similarity, 95,361 representative operational taxonomic units were obtained. Microbial diversity analysis revealed significant alterations in community composition between HTN and HC groups. Differential abundance analysis identified 24 significantly altered bacterial genera associated with HTN. Functional prediction analysis further revealed 28 differentially abundant metabolic pathways and 631 differentially abundant bacterial genes (DAGs) potentially involved in HTN pathogenesis. From these DAGs, protein-protein interaction network analysis prioritized ten hub genes as bKGs (alsB, ampC, gsiB, araC, coaA, dnaB, fruA, ssuA, minE and tsx) representing potential microbial therapeutic targets. Structure-based molecular docking identified five approved drugs, namely Azilsartan, Eplerenone, Candesartan, Conivaptan, and Telmisartan, as top-ranked compounds exhibiting strong binding affinities toward the proposed targets. ADMET evaluation suggested favorable pharmacokinetic and safety profiles for Azilsartan, Eplerenone, and Candesartan. Furthermore, molecular dynamics simulation analyses confirmed that Eplerenone and Candesartan exhibited greater structural stability and sustained binding interactions, suggesting their potential as promising therapeutic candidates for HTN management. Therefore, this study identifies microbial gene signatures potentially involved in HTN and proposes a microbiome-guided drug repurposing strategy targeting bacterial functional pathways. These findings provide novel insights into microbiota-host interactions in HTN and highlight promising therapeutic candidates that warrant further experimental and clinical validation.},
}

@article {pmid42570167,
year = {2026},
author = {Al Srouji, N and Ismaiel, A and Puia, A and Ismaiel, M and Abosheisha, M and Popa, SL and Puia, IC},
title = {Beyond the biopsy: the new era of non-invasive staging and biomarkers in colorectal cancer.},
journal = {Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {42570167},
issn = {1699-3055},
abstract = {Colorectal cancer (CRC) management is increasingly challenged by shifting demographics, notably the rise in aggressive early-onset CRC, and the limitations of conventional anatomical staging. This comprehensive review explores the paradigm shift toward noninvasive and minimally invasive pre-operative biomarkers for CRC diagnosis, staging, and prognostic stratification. While traditional colonoscopy and radiological imaging often fail to capture intratumoral heterogeneity and micrometastatic dissemination, emerging biomarker modalities offer real-time, high-fidelity tumor phenotyping. Advanced fecal tests and microbiome profiling, highlighting enriched taxa like Fusobacterium nucleatum, provide crucial insights into the tumor microenvironment, disease progression, and localized immune evasion. Concurrently, accessible systemic immune-inflammatory scores, such as the pan-immune-inflammation value (PIV), systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), and the cancer-specific Glasgow prognostic score (C-GPS), demonstrate robust capabilities in predicting overall survival, disease recurrence, and pathological complete response. The clinical maturation of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) represents a cornerstone of this evolution, offering unparalleled sensitivity for detecting molecular residual disease (MRD) post-surgery and dynamically guiding adjuvant chemotherapy de-escalation or escalation protocols. Ultimately, the future of CRC precision oncology relies on multimodal convergence, synergistically integrating liquid biopsies, radiomics, and clinical scores into unified predictive models or "Digital Twins". Emphasizing the need for multi-center standardization and prospective validation, this integrated noninvasive biomarker landscape promises to overcome current diagnostic blind spots, optimize therapeutic interventions, and fundamentally individualize patient care.},
}

@article {pmid42570316,
year = {2026},
author = {Tilves, C and Holingue, C and Wanigatunga, SK and Chia, CW and Zhao, N and Wu, MN and Schrack, JA and Simonsick, EM and Ferrucci, L and Tanaka, T and Spira, AP and Mueller, NT},
title = {Associations of self-reported and actigraphic sleep with gut microbiome composition and diversity among older adults.},
journal = {Sleep},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/sleep/zsag217},
pmid = {42570316},
issn = {1550-9109},
abstract = {STUDY OBJECTIVES: Poor sleep is linked to adverse health outcomes. Animal studies suggest the gut microbiome may influence sleep, but human findings remain inconsistent. We examined associations of self-reported insomnia symptoms, daytime sleepiness, and actigraphy-measured sleep with gut microbiome diversity and composition in older adults.

METHODS: We studied 869 Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging participants with self-reported sleep and shotgun metagenomic sequencing; 332 also had actigraphy. We tested associations of sleep with alpha diversity, beta diversity, and species composition using regression, PERMANOVA, and ANCOM-BC2, adjusting for age, sex, BMI, physical activity, education, and depressive symptoms.

RESULTS: Participants had mean age 70.7 years; 54.8% were female and 66.9% White. Trouble falling asleep ≥5 times/week was associated with higher Shannon diversity (β=0.41 SD; 95% CI: 0.09, 0.73) and Pielou's evenness, but not richness metrics. No actigraphy-measured sleep variables were associated with alpha or beta diversity. Beta diversity analyses suggested excessive sleepiness (1-2 o 3-4 times/week) was associated with different microbial composition, though variance explained was small. In species-level analyses, frequent insomnia symptoms or excessive sleepiness were associated with depleted or undetected Eubacterium sp. CAG:251. In exploratory actigraphy models, each doubling of sleep efficiency was associated with higher Eubacterium sp. CAG:251 prevalence (PR=2.15; 95% CI: 1.47, 3.14), while each 30-minute increase in wake after sleep onset was associated with lower prevalence (PR=0.49; 95% CI: 0.29, 0.81).

CONCLUSIONS: Global diversity findings were limited and inconsistent, whereas subjective and objective sleep disturbances converged on Eubacterium sp. CAG:251. Findings are exploratory and require longitudinal replication.},
}

@article {pmid42570323,
year = {2026},
author = {Watanabe, Y and Orihara, K and Tsukuda, N and Hara, T and Matsuki, T},
title = {Natural transformation drives large-scale genome mosaicism in human gut bifidobacteria.},
journal = {The ISME journal},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/ismejo/wrag208},
pmid = {42570323},
issn = {1751-7370},
abstract = {Although horizontal gene transfer drives bacterial diversification, its contribution to chromosome-scale variation in human gut commensals remains unclear. This study demonstrated that human-associated bifidobacteria undergo extensive chromosomal transfer through natural transformation. Comparative genomics of coexisting Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum isolates from a single individual revealed extensive recombination signatures between the lineages. We experimentally reproduced this recombination by co-culturing strains, resulting in the transfer of multiple chromosomal regions and generation of mosaic genomes. Individual recombination tracts reached up to 247 kb per site, with cumulative replacements accounting for up to 28.9% of the recipient chromosome. These transfers occurred with heat-killed donors or purified DNA and were abolished by DNase, thereby identifying natural transformation as the underlying mechanism. Furthermore, we observed that environmental factors strongly influenced transformation frequency, suggesting that gut environmental conditions play a role regulating this process. Using natural transformation, we established a simple markerless genome-editing method that enables efficient gene deletions. Deletions of the Tad pili, ComEA-ComEC, or DprA-ComM-YraN gene clusters abolished transformation, defining the core machinery. The conservation of these genes across the genus Bifidobacterium and experimental demonstration of natural transformation in Bifidobacterium longum and Bifidobacterium breve indicate that natural transformation capacity is widespread within the genus. Our findings establish natural transformation as a key mechanism that promotes genome plasticity and contributes to adaptive evolution in bifidobacteria, thereby expanding our current understanding of horizontal gene transfer in the human gut microbiota.},
}

@article {pmid42570388,
year = {2026},
author = {Malik, K and Iqbal, A and Du, M and Chen, T and Li, C},
title = {Impact of Epichloë endophyte on rhizosphere resistome dynamics in wild barley and bluegrass.},
journal = {Journal of hazardous materials},
volume = {515},
number = {},
pages = {143115},
doi = {10.1016/j.jhazmat.2026.143115},
pmid = {42570388},
issn = {1873-3336},
abstract = {Fungal endophytes are universally present in plant tissues to enhance stress resilience and growth of plants. They can change the microbial communities and functional characteristics of the rhizosphere without harming the host. However, the effect of their colonization on the distribution of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) in rhizosphere soil remains largely unexplored. In the present study, the impact of the Epichloë bromicola fungal endophyte on the rhizosphere resistome structure and environmental factors in wild barley (Hordeum brevisubulatum) and bluegrass (Poa pratensis) plants was investigated. The rhizosphere ARGs and MGEs communities were characterized through metagenome analysis. Simultaneously, their relationship with key rhizosphere environmental variables was evaluated using redundancy analysis (RDA) and Mantel tests. The results revealed that infection altered the taxonomic distribution of ARGs and MGEs-carrying bacteria. Besides, it reduced the prevalence of the predominant genera Sphingomonas and Nocardioides, while increasing the contribution of the less prevalent genera Bradyrhizobium and Rubrivivax to multidrug efflux and macrolide resistance mechanisms. Co-occurrence network analysis showed decreased modularity, indicating a less compartmentalized resistome-mobilome under infection. The findings revealed that endophyte infection fundamentally restructured the rhizosphere resistome by changing environmental pressures and favoring stress-response mechanisms. The study provides novel insights into how fungal endophytes influence microbial resistome assembly and HGT processes, their role in environmental antibiotic resistance dissemination, and One Health resistome dynamics in the rhizosphere.},
}

@article {pmid42570689,
year = {2026},
author = {Jiao, Y and Shen, R and Xu, M and Liang, H and Jiang, L and Wang, Y and Wu, Y and Wu, S and Jia, C and Wang, Y and Lv, B and Shen, L and Li, Y and Zhao, L and Yao, Z and Han, F and Zhu, X and Wang, Y and Yang, J},
title = {A least-input nitrogen fertilizer reduction strategy sustains peanut yield with lower nitrogen inputs.},
journal = {Journal of advanced research},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.jare.2026.08.025},
pmid = {42570689},
issn = {2090-1224},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Synthetic nitrogen (N) fertilizers underpin global food security but drive escalating environmental costs, including greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and soil degradation. Conventional N-reduction strategies face a fundamental trade-off: lowering fertilizer inputs typically compromises crop productivity and farmer income. Nanotechnology offers a pathway to decouple yield from N dependency, yet scalable, low-cost solutions remain elusive.

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to develop a least-input foliar fertilization strategy using bio-derived nanocarbon (BNC) that enables a 30% reduction in synthetic N input in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) without sacrificing crop yield, nutritional quality, or economic returns, while elucidating the underlying physiological and microbiological mechanisms.

METHODS: Field trials were conducted with peanut (cv. Huayu 22) over two consecutive growing seasons (2024-2025) in Laixi, Shandong, China, under four treatments: N (conventional N, 100% urea), N-30 (reduced N, 70% urea), N + BNC (100% urea + foliar BNC), and N-30 + BNC (70% urea + 18 g ha[-1] foliar BNC). Photosynthetic parameters, oxidative stress markers, and [15]N isotope tracing were assessed. Transcriptomic, metabolomic, and 16S rRNA microbiome analyses characterized systemic signaling and rhizosphere responses. GHG emissions were modeled using the DNDC framework, and economic benefits were calculated based on yield and input costs.

RESULTS: BNC application under N-30% maintained yield parity with the N control by sustaining photosynthetic electron transport and reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS). This enhanced carbon status upregulated the transcription factor HY5, activating nitrate transporter AhNRT1.2 and ammonium transporter AhAMT1.1 and increasing [15]N uptake. Changes in root-exudate composition were accompanied by shifts in the rhizosphere bacterial community, including higher relative abundance of taxa associated with nitrification and nutrient turnover (Nitrospira and Gemmatimonas), and coincided with 21% and 14% higher root NO3[-]-N and NH4[+]-N contents, respectively. Nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) improved by 16.0%, total GHG emissions decreased by 34.8%, and net profit increased by 27.0%.

CONCLUSION: A micro-dosage of upcycled BNC (∼$0.02 ha[-1]) orchestrates HY5-mediated shoot-to-root signaling and rhizosphere microbiome restructuring to sustain crop productivity under reduced N inputs. This commercially viable, low-input framework offers a scalable route for climate-smart agriculture that reconciles food security with environmental sustainability.},
}

@article {pmid42562480,
year = {2026},
author = {Marotta, R and De Filippis, F and Valentino, V and Ercolini, D},
title = {Fermentation of legumes as a strategy to enhance nutritional and sensory properties and modulate gut microbiome and human health.},
journal = {Food research international (Ottawa, Ont.)},
volume = {241},
number = {},
pages = {119704},
doi = {10.1016/j.foodres.2026.119704},
pmid = {42562480},
issn = {1873-7145},
mesh = {*Fabaceae/chemistry/metabolism ; Humans ; *Fermentation ; *Nutritive Value ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome/physiology ; *Fermented Foods/microbiology ; },
abstract = {Legumes represent a valuable and vegetable source of proteins and fiber with a very low environmental footprint production, therefore, both dietary guidelines and international agencies suggest increasing their production and consumption. Despite their favorable nutritional composition, they also naturally contain antinutritional factors such as phytic acid, that limit the absorption of micronutrients. This, coupled with the lower bioavailability of proteins as compared with meat, diminishes the biological and economic value of legumes. However, recent studies have shed a light on the power of fermentation to improve the protein profile of pulse and neutralize antinutritional compounds. In this review, we explore the benefits of legumes fermentation in depth, focusing on the role of microorganisms in enhancing the nutritional and sensory enhancement of legumes. Furthermore, we describe the properties and the microorganisms involved in the production of several craft-based fermented legumes typically consumed by non-Westernized populations, particularly delving into their effects on the gut microbiome and on the human health.},
}

*Fabaceae/chemistry/metabolism
Humans
*Fermentation
*Nutritive Value
*Gastrointestinal Microbiome/physiology
*Fermented Foods/microbiology

@article {pmid42562482,
year = {2026},
author = {Doddabematti Prakash, S and Balyatanda, SB and Sytsma, J and Tenzin, K and Siliveru, K},
title = {Benchmarking a 16S rRNA sequencing protocol for microbiome analysis in low-moisture grain environments.},
journal = {Food research international (Ottawa, Ont.)},
volume = {241},
number = {},
pages = {119710},
doi = {10.1016/j.foodres.2026.119710},
pmid = {42562482},
issn = {1873-7145},
mesh = {*RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics ; *Microbiota/genetics ; *Benchmarking ; *Edible Grain/microbiology ; Computational Biology ; Triticum/microbiology ; *Bacteria/genetics/classification ; *Food Microbiology ; Workflow ; },
abstract = {Microbial amplicon sequencing studies are an important tool in food and biomedical research. However, accurate interpretation of the 16S rRNA gene survey requires specialized software and an algorithm to convert raw sequencing data into reliable taxonomic profiles. Given the existence of multiple bioinformatics pipelines varying in sequence aggregation strategies, reference databases, and filtering parameters, there is little to no consensus on best practices for LMF processing systems. In this study, we systematically assessed discrepancies in taxonomic composition, alpha diversity, and beta diversity across 32 combinations of bioinformatics workflows, based on eight widely used 16S rRNA pipelines and four taxonomic databases, applied to 16S rRNA gene sequences extracted from wheat milling environments (n = 160). Weighted composite scores were used to select the top 10-performing workflow combinations for downstream analysis. Taxonomic assignments were broadly similar across workflows at the family and genus levels; however, genus-level diversity metrics were more sensitive to workflow choice. At the family level, diversity metrics were conserved across pipeline-database combinations (Chao1: 22.97 ± 2.20-24.92 ± 2.04; Shannon: 2.59 ± 0.19-2.74 ± 0.18; InvSimpson: 10.63 ± 1.25-11.27 ± 1.06; Bray-Curtis: 0.528-0.556; Jaccard: 0.557-0.582), whereas at the genus level both alpha and beta diversity exhibited wider ranges and larger dispersion (Chao1: 45.27 ± 5.68-50.20 ± 5.64; Shannon: 2.54 ± 0.24-2.73 ± 0.22; InvSimpson: 10.37 ± 1.4-11.03 ± 1.05; Bray-Curtis: 0.79-0.82; Jaccard: 0.79-0.80). Furthermore, ASV vs. OTU workflows were comparable across the evaluated metrics; however, ASVs showed numerically higher values for some genus-level measures than OTUs because they can resolve variation down to the single-nucleotide level, thereby retaining low-abundance features important for LMF safety. This work paves the way toward using bioinformatics and 16S pipelines to characterize sparse, low-density, and uneven samples in low-moisture environments.},
}

*RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics
*Microbiota/genetics
*Benchmarking
*Edible Grain/microbiology
Computational Biology
Triticum/microbiology
*Bacteria/genetics/classification
*Food Microbiology
Workflow

@article {pmid42562511,
year = {2026},
author = {Lee, JW and Kim, YM and Kim, YJ and Jeong, KC and Kim, SA},
title = {Wastewater irrigation reshapes the microbiome and resistome of radish sprouts: Insights from 16S rRNA and shotgun metagenomic sequencing.},
journal = {Food research international (Ottawa, Ont.)},
volume = {241},
number = {},
pages = {119739},
doi = {10.1016/j.foodres.2026.119739},
pmid = {42562511},
issn = {1873-7145},
mesh = {*Raphanus/microbiology/growth & development ; *Wastewater/microbiology ; *RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics ; *Microbiota/genetics ; *Agricultural Irrigation/methods ; Animals ; Metagenomics/methods ; Shotgun Sequencing ; Bacteria/genetics ; Drug Resistance, Microbial/genetics ; Swine ; },
abstract = {Water scarcity is increasing the reliance on treated wastewater in fresh produce production, yet its effects on the microbial and hygienic quality of fresh produce remain unclear. This study evaluated the influence of wastewater irrigation on the microbiome and antibiotic resistance gene (ARG) profiles of radish sprouts grown under commercially relevant conditions. Using culture-dependent methods and integrated sequencing (16S rRNA and shotgun metagenomics), we tracked microbial and resistome dynamics across the sprout production process under three irrigation regimes: swine wastewater, treated wastewater, and sterile distilled water. Wastewater irrigation markedly increased microbial loads, with aerobic plate counts exceeding 8.0 log CFU/g in final radish sprouts. Both wastewater treatments were dominated by Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter. Resistome profiling showed persistent multidrug, bacitracin, and polymyxin resistance genes in wastewater-irrigated sprouts, while sulfonamide resistance genes occurred exclusively under wastewater irrigation, suggesting wastewater-associated environmental transmission. Higher ARG subtype richness in wastewater treatments suggested that conventional wastewater treatment processes do not completely eliminate diverse ARGs. ARG-host linkage analysis suggested an elevated potential for horizontal gene transfer within edible plant tissues. Overall, wastewater irrigation altered the microbiological quality of radish sprouts and facilitated ARG persistence, underscoring the need for improved post-treatment and preventive water management to safeguard fresh produce safety.},
}

*Raphanus/microbiology/growth & development
*Wastewater/microbiology
*RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics
*Microbiota/genetics
*Agricultural Irrigation/methods
Animals
Metagenomics/methods
Shotgun Sequencing
Bacteria/genetics
Drug Resistance, Microbial/genetics
Swine

@article {pmid42562512,
year = {2026},
author = {Murthy, N and Nayak, KN and Tanu, and Priya, S and Priyadarshini, P},
title = {Dual-stage assessment of Salmonella-specific bacteriophage formulation: Antibiofilm activity on food matrices and in vivo efficacy against the murine salmonellosis model.},
journal = {Food research international (Ottawa, Ont.)},
volume = {241},
number = {},
pages = {119738},
doi = {10.1016/j.foodres.2026.119738},
pmid = {42562512},
issn = {1873-7145},
mesh = {Animals ; *Biofilms/growth & development ; *Salmonella Phages/physiology ; Mice ; Disease Models, Animal ; Humans ; *Salmonella Infections/microbiology/therapy/prevention & control ; *Food Microbiology ; Chickens/microbiology ; *Salmonella/virology ; *Salmonella Food Poisoning/prevention & control/microbiology ; HT29 Cells ; Meat/microbiology ; Female ; Fruit/microbiology ; },
abstract = {Foodborne infections caused by Salmonella infection remain a major global concern due to increasing multidrug resistance and biofilm formation, resulting in significant morbidity and mortality. Thus, the development of potential alternatives, including bacteriophage cocktail formulations, is emerging as a promising strategy. In this direction, we developed a Salmonella-specific phage formulation (BPF-Sal) and evaluated its stability, biocontrol efficacy, in vitro safety, antibiofilm activity and protective potential in an in vivo model. Interestingly, BPF-Sal remained stable across a wide range of pH values and temperatures while maintaining significant lytic activity. Further, it effectively reduced Salmonella contamination on chicken breast and mixed fruit matrices to below detection limits (<1 CFU/100 μL) within 6 h and 10 h, respectively, compared to conventional preservatives. In HT-29 cells, BPF-Sal (10[2]-10[1][0] PFU/mL) exhibited no cytotoxicity, preserved cellular morphology, and showed efficient phage internalization. It also displayed antibiofilm activity, reducing preformed Salmonella biofilms by 90-92% at MOI 100 and up to 98% at MOI 1000, as confirmed by crystal violet assay, scanning electron and fluorescence microscopy. In a murine salmonellosis model, oral administration of BPF-Sal conferred significant protection, preventing weight loss and reducing bacterial loads along with improved health status and histopathological outcomes. Metagenomic analysis revealed infection-induced gut dysbiosis, characterized by enrichment of Proteobacteria and depletion of beneficial taxa. BPF-Sal partially restored microbial balance, while combination therapy further improved microbiota normalization. Thus, our findings establish BPF-Sal as a safe, effective, multifunctional phage-based strategy for Salmonella biocontrol and other phage-based applications.},
}

Animals
*Biofilms/growth & development
*Salmonella Phages/physiology
Mice
Disease Models, Animal
Humans
*Salmonella Infections/microbiology/therapy/prevention & control
*Food Microbiology
Chickens/microbiology
*Salmonella/virology
*Salmonella Food Poisoning/prevention & control/microbiology
HT29 Cells
Meat/microbiology
Female
Fruit/microbiology

@article {pmid42562540,
year = {2026},
author = {Kong, F and Xu, J and Liu, Z and Ju, N and Guo, S},
title = {Ecological mechanisms and functional stability of lactic acid Bacteria in synthetic microbial communities: Competition, cross-feeding, and homeostasis maintenance.},
journal = {Food research international (Ottawa, Ont.)},
volume = {241},
number = {},
pages = {119779},
doi = {10.1016/j.foodres.2026.119779},
pmid = {42562540},
issn = {1873-7145},
mesh = {*Lactobacillales/metabolism/physiology ; *Homeostasis ; Fermentation ; *Microbial Consortia/physiology ; *Microbiota/physiology ; Humans ; Microbial Interactions ; },
abstract = {Synthetic microbial communities (SynComs) play a pivotal role in advancing precision fermentation and microbiome engineering. Within these multispecies systems, lactic acid bacteria (LAB) function as ecological and metabolic cornerstones. However, the mechanisms underlying LAB-mediated community stability remain insufficiently understood. This review synthesizes current knowledge on microbial competition, cross-feeding, and community homeostasis to evaluate the ecological contributions of LAB. We compare the metabolic roles of LAB in SynComs and natural ecosystems, highlighting competitive strategies, including acidification and antimicrobial production, as well as lactate-centered syntrophic interactions. As central metabolic hubs, LAB facilitate the division of labor by transforming excess metabolic outputs into shared resources, thereby reducing metabolic inefficiencies. We further examine how functional redundancy and metabolic coupling contribute to community resilience and stability. The review also discusses emerging applications of SynComs in gut health, particularly inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and industrial fermentation processes. We conclude that the integration of multi-omics approaches with predictive modeling will be critical for the rational design and programmable regulation of stable microbial consortia. Furthermore, this review proposes a unified hierarchical framework for understanding the stability of LAB-mediated SynComs. By integrating competition-driven colonization, cooperation mediated through cross-feeding interactions, and multidimensional homeostatic mechanisms, the framework bridges fundamental ecological theory with applied microbiome engineering. The proposed framework is primarily applicable to LAB-centered SynComs associated with food fermentation systems, acidic environments, and lactate-driven metabolic networks.},
}

*Lactobacillales/metabolism/physiology
*Homeostasis
Fermentation
*Microbial Consortia/physiology
*Microbiota/physiology
Humans
Microbial Interactions

@article {pmid42562772,
year = {2026},
author = {Xu, C and Xie, Q and Li, X and Li, W},
title = {RNAi-mediated knockdown of vitellogenin genes disrupts ovary development and alters ovarian bacterial composition in Zeugodacus tau (Diptera: Tephritidae).},
journal = {Journal of economic entomology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/jee/toag239},
pmid = {42562772},
issn = {1938-291X},
support = {20252BAC200396//Jiangxi Provincial Natural Science Foundation/ ; GJJ210443//Foundation Project of Jiangxi Provincial Educational Committee/ ; },
abstract = {Zeugodacus tau Walker (Diptera: Tephritidae) is an invasive pest of global significance that inflicts substantial losses to the fruit and vegetable production sectors annually. Despite the availability of the Z. tau genome in public database, functional characterization of key genes remained limited. Vitellogenin (Vg) functions as a key precursor of yolk protein and exerts a pivotal part in the insect reproductive process. Here, we identified 3 Vg genes (Vg1, Vg2, and Vg3) based on genetic data from Z. tau. Analysis of amino acid sequences demonstrated that all ZtVgs contain conserved serine residues, a putative cleavage site, and putative N-linked glycosylation sites. Molecular phylogenetic reconstruction revealed that ZtVgs exhibited the closest evolutionary affinity to their homologs found in Zeugodacus cucurbitae and Bactrocera dorsalis. Spatiotemporal expression profiling indicated that all 3 ZtVgs exhibit pronounced expression in the female fat body. Treatments with the Methoprene and 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) significantly upregulated ZtVgs expression 24 h post application at a dose of 1 μg. RNA interference (RNAi) bioassay revealed that the suppression of 3 ZtVgs delayed ovary development and impaired female fertility. Further microbiome analysis revealed that knockdown of the 3 Vg genes led to reduced abundance of bacterial taxa affiliated with the phylum Pseudomonadota and the genus Burkholderia in the ovary. These findings elucidate the important function of Vgs in ovary development and provide insights into the association between insect Vg genes and the ovarian bacteria, thereby establishing a groundwork for subsequent investigations on the molecular mechanisms underlying their interaction.},
}

@article {pmid42562802,
year = {2026},
author = {Cassey, J and Banati, R},
title = {The Benefits and Biological Risks in Breastfeeding and Sharing Human Milk: Have We Got it Right?.},
journal = {Journal of human lactation : official journal of International Lactation Consultant Association},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {8903344261451926},
doi = {10.1177/08903344261451926},
pmid = {42562802},
issn = {1552-5732},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Implementation of the strong recommendation by the World Health Organization (WHO), the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), and others, to increase use of donor human milk in cases where breastfeeding cannot be provided, requires a flexible, knowledge-based and risk-informed approach.

METHODS: Based on an extensive literature review, we present the evidence for potential biological risks of breastmilk in three scenarios: fresh, unmodified milk from breast to baby (breastfeeding and wet-nursing); expressed and unmodified milk stored at < 4 ºC until just before consumption; and milk modified by some form of pasteurization.

RESULTS: With the exception of contamination by some viruses and syphilis, breastfeeding is the safest way to feed a baby, despite its highly variable microbiome and virome-including organisms that, in other circumstances, can cause disease. Wet-nursing, where the donor has been appropriately screened, carries a similar risk profile to mother's own feeding. Whilst expression and storage of raw milk at < 4 °C adds a bacterial load, the additional risk, with knowledge and screening of the donor and careful attention to all steps in delivery, seems small and is smaller than using bovine-based formulae-especially in low resource circumstances. Donated milk from unknown donors carries additional risks. A decision to reduce these risks through thermal pasteurization must be weighed against the loss of breastmilk's natural protective components.

CONCLUSIONS: Not only have the biological risks of both informal and formal milk sharing for healthy infants been greatly exaggerated, but that they are often quoted without consideration of the overall risks of alternatives.},
}

@article {pmid42562842,
year = {2026},
author = {Lechleiter, N and Wedemeyer, J and Junker, J and Wilczek, M and Klich, D and Olech, W and Anusz, K and Homeier-Bachmann, T and Didkowska, A},
title = {Microbiome and resistome of the European bison (Bison bonasus).},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {16},
number = {1},
pages = {},
pmid = {42562842},
issn = {2045-2322},
mesh = {Animals ; *Bison/microbiology ; *Microbiota/genetics ; Feces/microbiology ; *Bacteria/genetics/classification/drug effects/isolation & purification ; Metagenomics ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology ; Archaea/genetics/classification/isolation & purification ; Phylogeny ; },
abstract = {After facing extinction in the early 20th century, populations of the two remnant genetic lines of European bison are now under continuous health monitoring. Faecal samples were taken from five Polish and one German herd of European bison over the course of several years. Through metagenomic sequencing, the bacterial and archaeal microbiome as well as the resistome of these samples could be characterized. Significant differences were mainly found between the bacterial microbiome of samples taken from droppings as opposed to rectal samples. Apart from this, the microbiome and resistome had low differentiation, showing no significant influence of individual factors or location. Oscillospiraceae, Lachnospiraceae and Bacteroidaceae were the dominant bacterial families, the archaeome was mostly made up by Methanobacteriaceae. Genes from resistance classes like Aminoglycosides and Macrolide, Lincosamide and Streptogramine were present. This study characterises the microbiome and resistome of the European bison with the help of metagenomics, providing novel insights into its biology.},
}

Animals
*Bison/microbiology
*Microbiota/genetics
Feces/microbiology
*Bacteria/genetics/classification/drug effects/isolation & purification
Metagenomics
Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology
Archaea/genetics/classification/isolation & purification
Phylogeny

@article {pmid42562890,
year = {2026},
author = {Murao, A and Aziz, M and Wang, P},
title = {Inflammatory gut-liver crosstalk: mechanisms and therapeutic targets.},
journal = {Experimental & molecular medicine},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {42562890},
issn = {2092-6413},
support = {R35GM118337//U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (NIH)/ ; R01HL076179//U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (NIH)/ ; },
abstract = {The gut has a profound influence on the liver through their anatomical connection via the portal vein. During acute inflammation, gut tissue injury leads to increased barrier permeability, allowing the translocation of external contents that can affect hepatic function. Gut-liver crosstalk contributes to the pathophysiology of acute inflammatory disorders, such as sepsis, intestinal ischaemia-reperfusion, hepatitis and drug-induced liver injury. This organ-to-organ crosstalk is mediated by the microbiome, pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and various proinflammatory mediators. Different types of gut and liver resident cells as well as circulating cells also facilitate inflammatory gut-liver crosstalk. These cell types include intestinal epithelial and myeloid cells, Kupffer cells, sinusoidal endothelial cells, hepatic stellate cells, hepatocytes, lymphocytes and neutrophils. PAMPs and DAMPs activate pattern recognition receptors, such as Toll-like receptors, on various cells, leading to proinflammatory signal transduction, including NFκB activation, cytokine and chemokine production, and NETosis. Collectively, these soluble and cellular factors exacerbate acute inflammation and tissue injury via the gut-liver axis, leading to poor outcomes in critically ill patients. Potential therapeutic interventions for this deadly clinical condition include modulation of the microbiome and pharmacological inhibition of proinflammatory mediators and cellular interactions. In this article we review the pathophysiology of inflammatory gut-liver crosstalk and potential therapeutic interventions.},
}

@article {pmid42562892,
year = {2026},
author = {Li, XY and Xie, ZQ and Geng, MY},
title = {Gut microbiota modulation of gastrointestinal cancers: from dysbiosis signatures to therapeutic interventions.},
journal = {Acta pharmacologica Sinica},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {42562892},
issn = {1745-7254},
abstract = {The human gut microbiota constitutes the largest and most metabolically active microbial ecosystem in the body, and accumulating evidence links dynamic alterations in microbial composition and function to the initiation, progression, and treatment responses of multiple gastrointestinal (GI) cancers, including esophageal, gastric, hepatocellular, pancreatic, and colorectal malignancies. This review synthesizes current evidence on dysbiosis signatures, mechanistic pathways, and translational opportunities across major GI cancer types, with a focus on microbe-derived metabolites and microbe-associated molecular patterns that shape inflammation, epithelial barrier integrity, and antitumor immunity. Across GI cancers, recurrent patterns include enrichment of pro-inflammatory/pathobiont taxa, depletion of homeostasis-maintaining and butyrate-producing commensals, and perturbations in metabolic axes centered on bile acids and short-chain fatty acids. Mechanistically, these changes can remodel the tumor microenvironment via epithelial and immune signaling, epigenetic regulation, and metabolic reprogramming. Importantly, the gut microbiota is increasingly recognized as a modifiable determinant of the efficacy and toxicity of immune checkpoint blockade, adoptive cell therapies, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. Despite rapid advances, key challenges persist in translating microbiome research into cancer care, including validation, standardization, variability, and safety. Future success likely depends on function-oriented, targeted modulation, supported by multi-omics, strong causal evidence, and clinical trials.},
}

@article {pmid42563165,
year = {2026},
author = {Richie, TG and Wiechman, H and Vogt, B and Ingold, C and Heeren, L and Kamke, A and Pogranichniy, S and Monk, K and Summers, T and Ran, Q and Sarkar, S and Plattner, BL and Sidebottom, AM and Chang, EB and Lee, STM},
title = {Microbially derived glutathione from Eubacterium rectale alleviates oxidative stress and promotes intestinal epithelial recovery.},
journal = {Microbiome},
volume = {14},
number = {1},
pages = {},
pmid = {42563165},
issn = {2049-2618},
mesh = {*Oxidative Stress/drug effects ; Animals ; *Glutathione/metabolism/pharmacology ; Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism ; Mice ; Colon/microbiology/metabolism ; *Intestinal Mucosa/metabolism/microbiology/drug effects ; Nitric Oxide/metabolism ; Intestinal Barrier Function ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; Metagenomics ; Mice, Knockout ; Interleukin-10/genetics ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Certain microbes inhabiting the gut have been implicated in maintaining gut homeostasis and promoting gut damage repair. Lachnospiraceae members were highly detected in dysbiotic IL-10 KO mice that displayed similar physiological outcomes as control mice. Lachnospiraceae is a highly diverse family of microbes that have been shown to display both commensal and pathogenic characteristics in the colon environment.

RESULTS: We investigated the impact of genetic variation in five Lachnospiraceae strains on lowering cellular inflammation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. Cell-free spent media (CFSM) from Eubacterium rectale resulted in lowered ROS, and nitric oxide levels in stressed colon cells and colon organoids. CFSM-treated organoids showed reduced ROS accumulation, improved epithelial integrity, and partial recovery of barrier function compared to oxidatively stressed controls. We demonstrated through shotgun metagenomics, metabolomics, host RNA sequencing, and molecular techniques that glutathione (GSH) biosynthesized by E. rectale alleviated host ROS damage. We showed downregulation of cell stress and immune response genes, indicating recovery from ROS stress. Chemical depletion of GSH in CFSM confirmed the role of microbial derived GSH in alleviation of ROS in colon cells.

CONCLUSIONS: In this study, we identify E. rectale as a potential probiotic by lowering colon inflammation and ROS damage through production of reduced glutathione. Microbially derived GSH has not been well established in the Lachnospiraceae family which are a large member of the overall gut microbiota. Understanding more about the impacts of microbial functions including GSH on lowering inflammation is needed to develop potential probiotics or therapies for chronic inflammatory conditions. Video Abstract.},
}

*Oxidative Stress/drug effects
Animals
*Glutathione/metabolism/pharmacology
Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism
Mice
Colon/microbiology/metabolism
*Intestinal Mucosa/metabolism/microbiology/drug effects
Nitric Oxide/metabolism
Intestinal Barrier Function
Gastrointestinal Microbiome
Metagenomics
Mice, Knockout
Interleukin-10/genetics

@article {pmid42563179,
year = {2026},
author = {Miyamoto, H and Takahashi, H and Suda, W and Yamano, H and Inabu, Y and Kodama, H and Nakanishi, Y and Moriya, S and Satoh, T and Kato, T and Shindo, C and Tsuji, N and Matsuura, M and Ishii, C and Nakaguma, T and Etoh, T and Shiotsuka, Y and Udagawa, M and Kurotani, A and Suzuki, K and Masuya, H and Wada, S and Fukuda, S and Tashiro, Y and Miyamoto, H and Kikuchi, J and Hattori, M and Nishiuchi, T and Yamamoto, N and Ohno, H},
title = {Gut-protective metabolic phenotype for diarrhoeal remission caused by an environmental probiotic thermophile.},
journal = {Microbiome},
volume = {14},
number = {1},
pages = {},
pmid = {42563179},
issn = {2049-2618},
mesh = {Animals ; *Probiotics/administration & dosage ; *Diarrhea/veterinary/microbiology/therapy ; Feces/microbiology ; Cattle ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; Proteomics ; Butyrates/metabolism ; Bacteriocins/genetics/biosynthesis ; Administration, Oral ; Genomics ; Bacteria/classification/genetics/metabolism/isolation & purification ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Controlling diarrhoea in humans and livestock is a global challenge with diverse aetiologies. However, the dynamics of the microbiome for diarrhoeal remission are not sufficiently understood, and effective intervention strategies based on environmental microorganisms have not been fully explored.

METHODS: We investigated the metabolic structure associated with diarrhoeal remission using a combination of statistical, genomic, and proteomic approaches in a cattle model. Oral administration of the compost-derived thermophile Caldifermentibacillus hisashii significantly ameliorated persistent diarrhoea. Faecal bacterial populations and metabolites were characterised by a multi-step statistical pipeline comprising difference-in-differences (DID) analysis, Cliff's delta effect size estimation with permutation-based validation. The functional importance of the selected feature components was validated through genomic and proteomic analysis of C. hisashii N11 (AP028807.1).

RESULTS: Oral administration of C. hisashii significantly ameliorated persistent diarrhoea in calves. Although no significant differences in faecal bacterial community composition were observed, integrated analysis of faecal metabolites identified butyrate and 2-aminoisobutyrate (AIB) as the most discriminative features associated with diarrhoeal remission. Genomic and proteomic analyses of C. hisashii confirmed biosynthetic gene clusters for butyrate and AIB-containing lantibiotics, supporting the structural importance of these metabolites in diarrhoeal remission.

CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that diarrhoeal remission observed in this study involves characteristic shifts in faecal metabolite profiles rather than marked changes in overall gut microbial community composition, highlighting a protective role of C. hisashii as an environmental probiotic against diarrhoeal dysbiosis through modulation of gut microbial metabolic output. This offers a perspective that bridges environmental microbiology and gut health within a One Health framework. Video Abstract.},
}

Animals
*Probiotics/administration & dosage
*Diarrhea/veterinary/microbiology/therapy
Feces/microbiology
Cattle
*Gastrointestinal Microbiome
Proteomics
Butyrates/metabolism
Bacteriocins/genetics/biosynthesis
Administration, Oral
Genomics
Bacteria/classification/genetics/metabolism/isolation & purification

@article {pmid42563207,
year = {2026},
author = {Abdel-Hady, DM and Sabry Zeid, M and Hamdy Mohamed, E and El Sayed Zaki, M and Mohamed Reda El-Lakany, R and Mohamed Reda Mahmoud El-Lakany, N and Ahmed Noureldin, M},
title = {Early-Life Antibiotic Exposure Disrupts Bifidobacterium in Infants: A qPCR-Based Cohort Study.},
journal = {The Pediatric infectious disease journal},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1097/INF.0000000000005360},
pmid = {42563207},
issn = {1532-0987},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Early infancy represents a critical window for establishing the gut microbiome, during which Bifidobacterium species dominate and play essential roles in metabolic, immune and intestinal maturation. Antibiotic exposure during this sensitive period may disrupt microbial development, yet quantitative data on its longitudinal impact remain limited. To evaluate the effect of systemic antibiotic exposure during the first 6 months of life on the abundance of Bifidobacterium using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction in a prospective infant cohort.

METHODS: Seventy healthy term infants were enrolled at birth and followed at 1, 3 and 6 months. Stool samples were analyzed using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction targeting genus-level Bifidobacterium. Infants were categorized into antibiotic-exposed (n = 27) and nonexposed (n = 43). Demographic and clinical variables were compared, and longitudinal and multivariate analyses were used to assess factors associated with Bifidobacterium abundance.

RESULTS: No significant baseline differences were observed between groups. Antibiotic-exposed infants demonstrated significantly lower Bifidobacterium levels at all measured time points (P < 0.001). Nonexposed infants showed the expected rise in Bifidobacterium from 1 to 3 months, whereas exposed infants exhibited a significant decline from 1 to 6 months (P = 0.009). Multivariate regression analysis indicated that clinical factors, such as delivery mode, feeding type, gestational age and maternal intrapartum antibiotics, were not significant predictors of Bifidobacterium levels among exposed infants.

CONCLUSIONS: Antibiotic exposure in the first 6 months leads to persistent suppression of Bifidobacterium, disrupting normal microbiome maturation. These findings underscore the importance of cautious antibiotic use in early infancy and highlight the need for strategies to restore microbial balance following antibiotic therapy.},
}

@article {pmid42563405,
year = {2026},
author = {Adil, M and Gul, I and Lu, S and Bashir, S and Razzaq, S and Lu, H and Daud, M and Iqbal, Y and Tao, Y},
title = {Crop Resilience to Combined Drought and Salinity Stress in Drylands: From Soil Processes to Genomic Solutions.},
journal = {Plant, cell & environment},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/pce.70804},
pmid = {42563405},
issn = {1365-3040},
support = {41871079//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; SKLECRA2023//Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences/ ; //Open Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment/ ; },
abstract = {Drought and soil salinization increasingly co‑occur, threatening global food security, particularly in dryland farming systems where these stresses can interact additively, synergistically or antagonistically to reduce crop yields. This review critically distinguishes these interaction types and moves beyond single‑stress frameworks to provide a multiscale synthesis of plant responses, soil water-salt dynamics, root‑system plasticity, rhizosphere microbiome modulation, emerging breeding modelling and agronomic tools. This review provides a detailed overview of the multilevel damage from these co-occurring stresses, including osmotic shock, ionic toxicity and systemic oxidative damage, and examines plant strategies such as ion homoeostasis, osmotic adjustment and antioxidant responses. Beyond plant-centric views, the review explores epigenetic reprogramming for stress memory and the potential of rhizosphere microbiome engineering with plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria as a biological stress-alleviation strategy. It critically examines how high-throughput multiomics techniques, combined with innovative breeding methods, provide a transformative approach to decode complex tolerance traits and accelerate cultivar development. These techniques cover genomics, epigenomics, transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics, while the breeding methods include genomic selection and CRISPR-Cas gene editing. Despite progress, key challenges remain: validating combined stress resilience under field conditions, harnessing epigenetic inheritance and integrating microbial solutions into breeding pipelines. We propose a unified framework that merges mechanistic discovery, microbiome-assisted breeding, soil and water management and systems-level predictive modelling. This integrative approach is essential for developing climate-resilient crops to sustain dryland agriculture.},
}

@article {pmid42563426,
year = {2026},
author = {Rivas, JA and Scieszka, DP and Peralta-Herrera, E and Madera Enriquez, C and Merkley, SD and Nava, AL and Gullapalli, RR and Guo, Y and Castillo, EF},
title = {Colonic metabolomic and transcriptomic alterations in a mouse model of metabolic syndrome.},
journal = {American journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1152/ajpgi.00121.2026},
pmid = {42563426},
issn = {1522-1547},
support = {IRG-21-146-25//American Cancer Society (ACS)/ ; P30CA118100//Center for Strategic Scientific Initiatives, National Cancer Institute (CSSI)/ ; UL1TR001449//HHS | NIH | National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS)/ ; P20GM121176//HHS | NIH | National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS)/ ; T32 GM144834//HHS | NIH | National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS)/ ; },
abstract = {Metabolic syndrome (MetS), characterized by abdominal obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and hypertension, affects a substantial proportion of the global population and increases the risk for cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). Despite its prevalence, there are currently no effective pharmacological therapies targeting MetS, highlighting the need to identify novel etiological mechanisms, particularly within the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Using a mouse model of MetS and healthy lean controls, we assessed the colonic microenvironment through metabolomic, transcriptomic, and microbiome analyses. Colonic organoids were cultured to further explore epithelial alterations. Additionally, human MetS fecal metabolomics data were cross-compared with the mouse model to validate translational relevance. MetS mice exhibited upregulation of colonic anabolic pathways, including glycolysis, the pentose phosphate pathway, and the tryptophan/kynurenine pathway, without evidence of intestinal inflammation. Microbiome analysis revealed an increased abundance of the genus Lactobacillus in MS NASH mice. Colonic organoids from MetS mice showed altered goblet cell differentiation. Comparative analysis with human MetS fecal metabolomics demonstrated similar dysregulated pathways, underscoring the translational relevance of these findings. Our study reveals significant metabolic and microbial alterations in the colon of MS NASH mice, implicating a dysfunctional GI tract as a potential etiological factor in MetS. These findings highlight specific metabolic pathways and microbial signatures that could serve as future therapeutic targets for MetS.},
}

@article {pmid42563439,
year = {2026},
author = {Frye, RE and Rossignol, DA},
title = {Mechanistic pathways linking gut microbial metabolites, microbial structural products, and host-microbe co-metabolites to mitochondrial function.},
journal = {Gut microbes},
volume = {18},
number = {1},
pages = {2694140},
doi = {10.1080/19490976.2026.2694140},
pmid = {42563439},
issn = {1949-0984},
mesh = {*Mitochondria/metabolism/physiology ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome/physiology ; Humans ; Animals ; *Bacteria/metabolism/classification ; *Host Microbial Interactions ; Butyrates/metabolism ; Organelle Biogenesis ; Propionates/metabolism ; Cresols ; Sulfuric Acid Esters ; },
abstract = {Gut-derived microbial metabolites modulate host mitochondrial function. To our knowledge, no prior systematic review has synthesized evidence linking these metabolites to direct mitochondrial endpoints across all major metabolite classes. PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were systematically searched through March 2026 for studies examining direct mitochondrial endpoints in relation to ten classes of gut-derived metabolites. Gut-derived microbial metabolites exert diverse effects on mitochondrial function, ranging from bioenergetic enhancement to direct toxicity. After contextual evidence was excluded from the certainty assessment, four metabolite-mitochondrial outcome groupings had moderate certainty: butyrate, propionate, indoxyl sulfate, and lipopolysaccharide. Evidence for p-cresyl sulfate, H2S, and urolithin A was rated low; evidence for the remaining metabolite classes was low or very low. Butyrate generally enhances mitochondrial biogenesis, ATP generation, and electron transport chain activity across multiple experimental models. Indoxyl sulfate generally impaired mitochondrial function, whereas p-cresyl sulfate produced concentration- and model-dependent effects. PGC-1α emerges as a central regulatory node, integrating microbial metabolic signals to control mitochondrial biogenesis and oxidative metabolism. Many microbial metabolites demonstrate concentration-dependent biphasic effects. These findings support a mechanistic microbiome-mitochondrial framework in which diverse gut-derived molecules converge on a limited set of mitochondrial control nodes: electron transport chain activity, reactive oxygen species handling, biogenesis, and mitophagy. The evidence base is predominantly preclinical; these insights should be considered hypothesis-generating.},
}

*Mitochondria/metabolism/physiology
*Gastrointestinal Microbiome/physiology
Humans
Animals
*Bacteria/metabolism/classification
*Host Microbial Interactions
Butyrates/metabolism
Organelle Biogenesis
Propionates/metabolism
Cresols
Sulfuric Acid Esters

@article {pmid42563483,
year = {2026},
author = {Hedström, AK},
title = {The gut microbiome plays a modifiable role in MS progression?-Commentary.},
journal = {Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England)},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {13524585261471368},
doi = {10.1177/13524585261471368},
pmid = {42563483},
issn = {1477-0970},
}

@article {pmid42563487,
year = {2026},
author = {Afzal, S and Fox, RJ},
title = {The gut microbiome plays a modifiable role in MS progression-No.},
journal = {Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England)},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {13524585261471355},
doi = {10.1177/13524585261471355},
pmid = {42563487},
issn = {1477-0970},
}

@article {pmid42563498,
year = {2026},
author = {Darbar, F and Priyadarshini, M and Wang, Y and Safdary, Z and Mahmoud, AM and DiDomenico, RJ and Rosas, P},
title = {From Gut to Heart: The Emerging Role of Dietary Fermentable Fiber in Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction.},
journal = {American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1152/ajpheart.00177.2026},
pmid = {42563498},
issn = {1522-1539},
support = {K01HL155241//HHS | NIH | National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)/ ; },
abstract = {Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a multisystemic syndrome that accounts for more than half of all heart failure cases and causes a substantial burden of morbidity and mortality. In contrast to heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), few disease-modifying therapies exist for HFpEF, reflecting differences in pathophysiology. Low fermentable fiber (FF) intake, gut dysbiosis, and depletion of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), microbial metabolites central to immune, metabolic, and vascular homeostasis, are increasingly linked to the pathophysiology of HFpEF. Here, we synthesize preclinical and clinical evidence on FF and SCFAs and evaluate their therapeutic relevance to HFpEF. Preclinical studies demonstrate that FF supplementation or direct SCFA administration improves cardiometabolic function and attenuates cardiac remodeling through SCFA receptor signaling, enhanced nitric oxide bioavailability, reduced inflammation, and metabolic support of the energy-starved failing heart. Supporting the translational relevance of these findings, a systematic review of 27 human randomized controlled trials showed that FF interventions exert microbiome-mediated effects, enriching SCFA-producing taxa and augmenting fecal and circulating SCFA levels, while improving insulin sensitivity and reducing abdominal adiposity and LDL cholesterol. Direct SCFA supplementation increases SCFA availability and provides modest metabolic benefits, including reduced adiposity and liver fat. However, its effects are inconsistent. Collectively, these findings provide a mechanistic and translational rationale for FF-based interventions in HFpEF. To date, no clinical trials have evaluated the effects of FF on HFpEF-specific outcomes. Clinical studies are therefore needed to determine whether increasing FF intake can improve symptoms, cardiac function, and disease progression in HFpEF.},
}

@article {pmid42563687,
year = {2026},
author = {Liu, C and Wu, Q and Yuan, M and Liu, M and Wang, X and Shen, J and Cao, X},
title = {Multi‑omics insights into uveitis: From mechanisms to precision medicine (Review).},
journal = {International journal of molecular medicine},
volume = {58},
number = {4},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3892/ijmm.2026.5947},
pmid = {42563687},
issn = {1791-244X},
mesh = {Humans ; Multiomics ; *Uveitis/genetics/metabolism/therapy/diagnosis ; *Precision Medicine/methods ; Biomarkers/metabolism ; Genomics/methods ; Metabolomics/methods ; Proteomics/methods ; Animals ; },
abstract = {Uveitis encompasses a group of intraocular inflammatory disorders that notably contribute to global visual morbidity. Persistent challenges include early diagnosis, accurate subtype classification and individualized treatment. Recent advances in omics technologies, including genomics, epigenetics, transcriptomics, single‑cell omics, proteomics, metabolomics, lipidomics and microbiome profiling, have reshaped the current understanding of uveitis pathogenesis by uncovering disease‑associated genetic variants, dynamic transcriptional landscapes, inflammatory proteins, metabolic alterations, and microbe‑host interactions. Notably, single‑cell RNA sequencing offers unprecedented insights into retinal immune cell heterogeneity and functional states, while radiomics is emerging as a valuable platform for imaging biomarkers. The present review summarizes key findings from multi‑omics studies in uveitis, described the sample sources and analytical strategies employed, and highlighted the transformative potential of integrative omics in precision ophthalmology. Multi‑omics approaches hold promise for identifying novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets, refining disease classification, and enabling tailored interventions for patients with uveitis.},
}

Humans
Multiomics
*Uveitis/genetics/metabolism/therapy/diagnosis
*Precision Medicine/methods
Biomarkers/metabolism
Genomics/methods
Metabolomics/methods
Proteomics/methods
Animals

@article {pmid42564041,
year = {2026},
author = {Jiang, W and Zhang, R and Wang, L and Xu, Y and Tan, Y},
title = {Clinical effects of a 0.5% selenium sulfide shampoo on dandruff and scalp microbiota in adolescents: a prospective single-arm clinical study.},
journal = {Frontiers in medicine},
volume = {13},
number = {},
pages = {1866777},
pmid = {42564041},
issn = {2296-858X},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: This prospective, exploratory single-arm pilot study evaluated the clinical efficacy, safety, and scalp microecological effects of a 0.5% selenium sulfide shampoo in adolescents with dandruff.

METHODS: Following a 2-week washout, 31 adolescents applied the shampoo three to four times weekly for 4 weeks. Investigator assessments, patient-reported pruritus scores, instrumental assessments (transepidermal water loss, stratum corneum hydration, sebum spot size), and scalp microbiome analysis were performed at baseline (week 0) and at week 4 (or week 2 for some measures).

RESULTS: Investigator assessments showed significant improvements: median dandruff scores declined from 16 to 6, erythema scores from 12 to 2, total scalp oiliness scores from 153 to 127, and total hair lift scores increased from 107 to 122 at week 4. Patient-reported pruritus scores decreased from 109 at baseline to 60, 48, and 37 at weeks 1, 2, and 4, respectively (P<0.001). Instrumental assessments demonstrated reduced transepidermal water loss (35.66 ± 8.18 to 31.12 ± 4.36 g/m[2]·h, P < 0.01), increased stratum corneum hydration (30.49 ± 10.28 to 35.01 ± 9.64 a.u., P < 0.001), and decreased sebum spot size at week 2 (953.65 ± 892.50 to 692.33 ± 456.19 pixels, P < 0.05). Genus-level microbiome profiling revealed significantly elevated Cutibacterium abundance (P < 0.001), alongside reduced levels of Staphylococcus and Malassezia (both P < 0.01). No adverse events were reported.

CONCLUSION: The 0.5% selenium sulfide shampoo significantly improved clinical symptoms of dandruff in adolescents, with favorable safety, barrier-protective effects, promoted beneficial compositional shifts in the scalp microbial community toward a healthier profile.},
}

@article {pmid42564062,
year = {2026},
author = {Huang, WZ and Huang, W and Jin, LZ and Yu, CH and Yu, MJ and Chen, WW and Wu, YH},
title = {Bryophytes in heavy metal-polluted environments: trait-based sensitivity, tolerance mechanisms, biomonitoring applications, and restoration potential.},
journal = {Frontiers in plant science},
volume = {17},
number = {},
pages = {1891423},
pmid = {42564062},
issn = {1664-462X},
abstract = {Heavy metal contamination remains a persistent environmental challenge due to its non-degradable nature, long residence time, and cumulative ecological impacts. Bryophytes have long been recognized as effective bioindicators because of their high sensitivity and strong metal accumulation capacity. However, current research on bryophyte-metal interactions remains fragmented, with limited integration between mechanistic understanding and ecological application. In this review, we develop a trait-informed, hypothesis-generating framework that links bryophyte characteristics to heavy metal exposure, physiological responses, and ecological functions. We first examine the structural, physicochemical, and ecological attributes that govern metal interception and exposure variability, and then synthesize current evidence for extracellular immobilization, intracellular detoxification, regulatory coordination, redox buffering, and metabolic reprogramming. We further evaluate bryophyte-associated microbiomes while distinguishing functional plausibility from direct causal evidence. On the applied side, we assess bryophytes as biologically interpretable biomonitoring systems and as realistic agents of ecological stabilization and engineered biosorption. Finally, we identify key limitations, including taxonomic bias, inconsistent trait parameterization, limited experimental validation, and challenges in translating laboratory findings to field conditions. This framework currently supports directional and testable expectations rather than universal quantitative prediction, and its predictive capacity will depend on standardized cross-species experiments and field validation.},
}

@article {pmid42564071,
year = {2026},
author = {Ying, H},
title = {Bacterial and gut microbiota-derived extracellular vesicles as emerging sources of cancer biomarkers: molecular mechanisms, diagnostic approaches, and therapeutic applications.},
journal = {Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology},
volume = {16},
number = {},
pages = {1806945},
pmid = {42564071},
issn = {2235-2988},
mesh = {Humans ; *Extracellular Vesicles/metabolism ; *Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism ; *Neoplasms/diagnosis/therapy ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; *Bacteria/metabolism ; Animals ; },
abstract = {Extracellular vesicles (EVs) originating from bacteria and gut microbiota have recently been recognized as pivotal agents in the communication between host and microbes, exhibiting considerable promise as innovative biomarkers and therapeutic instruments in the realm of oncology. These nanoscale vesicles encapsulate a heterogeneous array of molecular constituents, including metabolites, proteins, nucleic acids, and toxins, which possess the capacity to influence tumor proliferation, apoptosis, immune responses, and metastasis. Recent investigations underscore their bifunctional nature: specific bacterial EVs can facilitate oncogenesis by altering signaling cascades such as BRCA1/EXO1/TP53BP1 or TGF-β1/Smad, while others may suppress tumor growth through the induction of oxidative stress, mitophagy, or the activation of antitumor immunity via STING or cGAS pathways. The metabolomic and molecular characterizations of bacterial and fecal EVs afford a distinctive, non-invasive perspective into tumor biology and the interactions between host and microbiome. Sophisticated diagnostic methodologies, encompassing targeted metabolomics, high-throughput sequencing, and flow cytometry-based characterization of EVs, have enabled the discovery of EV-derived cancer biomarkers with exceptional specificity and sensitivity. Moreover, engineered EVs that transport therapeutic agents, including prodrugs, microRNAs, or photosensitizers, exhibit significant anticancer efficacy in preclinical experimental models. This review consolidates contemporary understanding regarding the molecular mechanisms, diagnostic capabilities, and therapeutic implications of bacterial and gut microbiota-derived EVs in the context of cancer.},
}

Humans
*Extracellular Vesicles/metabolism
*Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
*Neoplasms/diagnosis/therapy
*Gastrointestinal Microbiome
*Bacteria/metabolism
Animals

@article {pmid42564172,
year = {2026},
author = {Rojas, L and Zuluaga, J and Cardona, AF},
title = {Microbiome as a prediction of immunotherapy response in lung cancer.},
journal = {Frontiers in immunology},
volume = {17},
number = {},
pages = {1849553},
pmid = {42564172},
issn = {1664-3224},
mesh = {Humans ; *Lung Neoplasms/immunology/drug therapy/microbiology/therapy ; *Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors/therapeutic use/adverse effects ; *Immunotherapy/methods ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome/immunology/drug effects ; Treatment Outcome ; Animals ; *Microbiota/immunology ; },
abstract = {Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized the treatment of lung cancer (LC), offering durable responses in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and, to a lesser extent, small cell lung cancer (SCLC). Nevertheless, clinical outcomes remain highly heterogeneous, with many patients experiencing primary or acquired resistance and/or immune-related adverse events (irAEs) that impair their quality of life and treatment adherence. The human microbiome, particularly in the gut and oral compartments, has emerged as a critical modulator of systemic antitumor immunity and a promising noninvasive predictive biomarker for ICI efficacy and toxicity. This narrative review synthesizes the current evidence on microbiome composition, diversity, and function in patients with LC receiving ICIs as monotherapy, dual blockade, or in combination regimens, as well as clinically relevant biomarkers associated with treatment response and toxicity. Higher gut microbial alpha diversity and enrichment of beneficial taxa (e.g., Akkermansia muciniphila, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, and certain Firmicutes) are consistently linked to improved progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS), mediated by microbial metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids and inosine, which enhance T-cell priming, tumor microenvironment remodeling, and gut-lung axis communication. Microbiome-disruptive exposures, particularly antibiotics and proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), induce dysbiosis and are strongly associated with poorer survival outcomes. Mechanistic insights from preclinical models and clinical cohorts, alongside clinical confounders, underscore the complementary role of the microbiome relative to established markers such as programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and tumor mutational burden. Prospective standardization of metagenomic profiling and microbiome-modulating interventions represents a key next step in translating these findings into personalized immunotherapy strategies for LC.},
}

Humans
*Lung Neoplasms/immunology/drug therapy/microbiology/therapy
*Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors/therapeutic use/adverse effects
*Immunotherapy/methods
*Gastrointestinal Microbiome/immunology/drug effects
Treatment Outcome
Animals
*Microbiota/immunology

@article {pmid42564309,
year = {2026},
author = {Akther, SM and Krakko, D and Shi, W},
title = {Rhizosphere microbiomes in drought-tolerant and drought-sensitive bermudagrass genotypes: root exudate association.},
journal = {Frontiers in microbiology},
volume = {17},
number = {},
pages = {1868900},
pmid = {42564309},
issn = {1664-302X},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Plant-microbiome interactions in the rhizosphere are critical for plant adaptation to environmental stress; however, the coordinated roles of root exudates and microbiome dynamics remain poorly understood.

METHODS: Integrating untargeted metabolomics and shotgun metagenomics, we analyzed drought responses in drought-tolerant and drought-sensitive bermudagrass genotypes.

RESULTS: Drought stress shaped the root exudate chemistry, which likely reprogrammed microbiome functions, such as TccC toxins and the Type VI secretion system, without considerable broad taxonomic shifts. A few metabolites, including riboflavin and 1-carboxy-6-hydroxy-3,4-dihydro-beta-carboline, were associated with Massilia putida, particularly in the rhizosphere of the drought-tolerant genotype.

DISCUSSION: Our data suggest a potential explanation for a genotype-driven strategy of microbiome modulation via metabolite signaling.},
}

@article {pmid42564344,
year = {2026},
author = {Ruan, Z and Sheng, F and Lin, M and Wu, S and Hu, C and Shao, Z and Hu, H and Xu, L},
title = {Gut microbiota in asthma: mechanisms, clinical evidence, and therapeutic opportunities.},
journal = {Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology},
volume = {16},
number = {},
pages = {1842331},
pmid = {42564344},
issn = {2235-2988},
mesh = {Humans ; *Asthma/therapy/microbiology/immunology ; Animals ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; Dysbiosis ; Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ; Probiotics/therapeutic use ; Disease Models, Animal ; Lung/immunology ; Prebiotics/administration & dosage ; },
abstract = {Asthma is a heterogeneous chronic airway inflammatory disease associated with high global prevalence and substantial clinical burden. Conventional therapies remain limited in controlling refractory phenotypes and preventing disease progression. The gut-lung axis has emerged as a fundamental regulatory network connecting intestinal homeostasis with pulmonary immune function, and mounting evidence has established a close mechanistic link between gut dysbiosis and the onset, persistence, and exacerbation of asthma. This review comprehensively integrates evidence from epidemiological investigations, animal models, clinical observational studies, and randomized controlled trials published between 2011 and 2025 to elucidate the crosstalk mechanisms of the gut-lung axis in asthma, characterize compositional and functional alterations of the gut microbiome, evaluate microbiota-targeted interventions such as probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, postbiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation, and discuss current translational challenges. We highlight that the gut microbiota orchestrates airway inflammatory responses through fine-tuning immune cell differentiation, mediating microbial metabolite signaling, and maintaining intestinal barrier function, with discernible microbial signatures evident across allergic versus non-allergic and pediatric versus adult asthma phenotypes. Despite promising preclinical and preliminary clinical findings, causal evidence remains insufficient, and intervention heterogeneity limits clinical application. This review underscores the potential of microbiome-based precision strategies and identifies key directions for future mechanistic research and clinical translation.},
}

Humans
*Asthma/therapy/microbiology/immunology
Animals
*Gastrointestinal Microbiome
Dysbiosis
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation
Probiotics/therapeutic use
Disease Models, Animal
Lung/immunology
Prebiotics/administration & dosage

@article {pmid42564438,
year = {2026},
author = {Diovu, EO and Nnadi, CO and Paul-Chima, UO},
title = {Pharmaceutical wastewater irrigation and metabolite-based environmental pharmacognosy: a perspective on quality and safety risks for medicinal plants.},
journal = {Frontiers in pharmacology},
volume = {17},
number = {},
pages = {1878168},
pmid = {42564438},
issn = {1663-9812},
abstract = {Medicinal plants are increasingly cultivated in agroecosystems irrigated with treated or untreated wastewater, biosolids and contaminated surface water. Pharmaceutical residues are recognised contaminants of emerging concern, but their implications for botanical-drug quality, therapeutic consistency and safety remain insufficiently characterised. This Perspective argues that pharmaceutical wastewater irrigation is a plausible yet underexamined driver of metabolite reprogramming in medicinal plants. Chronic exposure to antibiotics, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, antiepileptics, antidepressants, hormones and transformation products may alter secondary metabolism through oxidative stress, xenobiotic detoxification, rhizosphere microbiome disturbance and modified nutrient signalling. These processes may change phenolic, flavonoid, alkaloid, terpenoid, glycoside and volatile metabolites that underpin pharmacognostic quality and ethnopharmacological reliability. Medicinal plants may also accumulate parent pharmaceuticals, transformation products and, under some conditions, microbial signatures associated with antibiotic resistance. Building on Carter et al.'s source-pathway-receptor framework and Helmecke et al.'s regulatory risk synthesis, we shift attention from residue burden to how exposure history alters the medicinal metabolome. Evidence from antibiotic-induced metabolite changes in Pinellia ternata supports this proposition, while indicating compound- and context-specific effects. We advance a balanced position: metabolite reprogramming is biologically credible, but food-crop studies often report de minimis residue risks and inconsistent rhizosphere-resistome effects. Future work should integrate wastewater profiling, matched controls, targeted and untargeted metabolomics, transformation-product discovery, microbiome analysis, digestion and bioaccessibility testing, bioactivity assays and probabilistic mixture-risk assessment.},
}

@article {pmid42564505,
year = {2026},
author = {Goyal, A and Kaur, J and Chauhan, S},
title = {Faecal carriage of multidrug-resistant Enterobacterales in hospitalisaed and outpatient children in northern India: A cross-sectional study.},
journal = {African journal of laboratory medicine},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {3027},
pmid = {42564505},
issn = {2225-2002},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Asymptomatic intestinal carriage of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Enterobacterales in children is increasingly recognised as an important reservoir for transmission and subsequent infection. However, data from northern India remain limited, warranting evaluation of its burden and associated risk factors.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of MDR Enterobacterales carriage among children and to identify associated risk factors, including recent hospitalisation, antimicrobial exposure, and hygiene practices.

METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital in northern India from January to June 2025. Children aged ≤ 14 years were enrolled after obtaining informed consent from parents or legal guardians. A total of 340 stool samples were processed using standard microbiological methods. Bacterial identification was performed using conventional biochemical tests, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing was carried out according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines, 2025 edition. Multidrug-resistant was defined as resistance to at least one agent in three or more antimicrobial classes. Demographic and clinical data were analysed using SPSS version 25.0; p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

RESULTS: Among 340 enrolled children, Enterobacterales were isolated from 309 (90.9%). Multidrug-resistant Enterobacterales were identified in 87 children, yielding a prevalence of 28.2% among Enterobacterales-positive children and 25.6% overall. Escherichia coli (66.7%) and Klebsiella spp. (33.3%) were the predominant MDR organisms. Extended-spectrum β-lactamase production was detected in 18.1% of isolates. Multidrug-resistant carriage was significantly higher among inpatients (p < 0.001).

CONCLUSION: Asymptomatic carriage of MDR Enterobacterales is common, particularly among hospitalised children, highlighting the importance of strengthened antimicrobial stewardship and infection prevention strategies in paediatric care.

WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS: This study demonstrates a high prevalence of asymptomatic multidrug-resistant Enterobacterales carriage among children in northern India, particularly among hospitalised children, highlighting the need for ongoing surveillance, infection prevention and antimicrobial stewardship.},
}

@article {pmid42564592,
year = {2026},
author = {Alexiev, A and Beaver, LM and Bouranis, JA and Wong, CP and Stevens, JF and Sharpton, TJ and Ho, E},
title = {The Gut Microbiome and Diet Interact to Dictate Personalized Response to Broccoli Sprout Consumption.},
journal = {Food science & nutrition},
volume = {14},
number = {8},
pages = {e72211},
pmid = {42564592},
issn = {2048-7177},
abstract = {Broccoli sprouts produce sulforaphane (SFN), a dietary isothiocyanate with anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory properties. Human intervention trials observe large variation in metabolite generation and bioactivity with broccoli sprout consumption across individuals. We hypothesize that interactions between pre-intervention diet and personalized gut microbiome composition contribute to this variation. This exploratory analysis leverages a small existing dataset to test novel mediation pathways, with the goal of identifying associations for future validation in larger, prospectively designed studies. In a trial of 38 healthy adults, we analyzed participant-recorded 7-day food diaries, profiled baseline gut microbiome compositions, and quantified urinary SFN metabolites over 72 h after broccoli sprout consumption. Using regression-based mediation analysis, we modeled two complementary predictions: (1) that specific gut bacterial genera mediate how pre-intervention diet composition influences SFN metabolism, and (2) that particular dietary components mediate how gut microbiome composition influences SFN metabolism. These analyses found that seven genera, including Collinsella, Ruminococcus, and Bifidobacterium, mediated relationships between pre-intervention diet and SFN metabolites, particularly the bioactive forms. Unsupervised clustering further revealed three distinct baseline gut microbiome community "types," each exhibiting differential production of SFN-nitrile, a biologically inert metabolite, with effects mediated by the consumption of specific carbohydrate classes. Together, these findings indicate that microbiome structure, in concert with diet, shapes individual SFN metabolic outcomes. Considering pre-intervention diet and gut microbiome may therefore enhance the design and personalization of cruciferous vegetable interventions.},
}