@article {pmid42647083,
year = {2026},
author = {Lv, R and Jiang, Z and Zhong, Y},
title = {The role of gut-lung axis-targeted nursing strategies in immune regulation of COPD.},
journal = {Acta microbiologica et immunologica Hungarica},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1556/030.2026.02947},
pmid = {42647083},
issn = {1588-2640},
abstract = {Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is featured by persistent airflow limitation and chronic inflammation. Considerable evidence highlights the role of the gut-lung axis, suggesting that disruption of gut microbial balance may contribute to aggravated systemic and pulmonary inflammation. This research intended to assess the impacts of a structured gut-lung axis-targeted nursing intervention on immune-inflammatory parameters, gut microbiota, and clinical outcomes in patients with stable COPD. The study involved the randomization of 115 patients to either the intervention or control group in a 1:1 ratio. The intervention group received a 12-week multimodal program, which included personalized high-fiber/probiotic nutrition, customized exercise plans, and stress management techniques. Patients in the control group did not receive the multimodal program and instead received routine care. The findings indicated that the intervention notably lowered serum IL-6, TNF-α, and CRP. Microbiome analysis further revealed that the intervention significantly enhanced α-diversity (Shannon and Chao1), enriched beneficial butyrate-producing genera (Faecalibacterium, Roseburia, and Bifidobacterium), and reduced the relative abundance of potential pathogens (Enterobacteriaceae), indicating a favorable shift in gut microbial ecology. Compared with the control group, the intervention group also experienced fewer moderate-to-severe exacerbations and showed greater sustained improvement in quality of life (SGRQ and CAT scores). In summary, a comprehensive nursing strategy centered on the gut-lung axis can regulate gut microbiota, alleviate systemic inflammation, lead to a reduction in exacerbation frequency and an improvement in the quality of life among patients with stable COPD, thus presenting a promising supplementary strategy to conventional care.},
}

@article {pmid42647084,
year = {2026},
author = {Díaz-Díaz, LM and Estremera-Rodriguez, L and Rojas-Correa, M and Quintana, MDC and Madziar, C and Hickey, DC and Vargas Robles, D and Méndez, Y and Santiago, A and Bermudez, D and Olendzki, B and Torres, EA and Maldonado-Contreras, A},
title = {Diet quality, gut microbiome, and inflammatory signatures in Puerto Rican adults with Crohn disease: a multidimensional analysis.},
journal = {Inflammatory bowel diseases},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/ibd/izag161},
pmid = {42647084},
issn = {1536-4844},
support = {//Leona M. and Harry B. Helmsley Charitable Trust/ ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Diet is increasingly recognized as a modifiable factor influencing gut microbiome and outcomes in Crohn disease (CD), yet data in underrepresented populations remain limited. We evaluated diet quality, dietary patterns, gut microbiome composition, inflammatory markers, and patient-reported outcomes in adults with CD from Puerto Rico.

METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of 60 adults with CD enrolled prior to dietary intervention in a parent study. Dietary intake was assessed using 24-hour recalls and evaluated using the Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015), Alternative Healthy Eating Index-2010 (AHEI-2010), and exploratory dietary pattern analysis. The gut microbiome was assessed by shotgun metagenomic sequencing. Clinical outcomes included fecal calprotectin, C-reactive protein (CRP), a 96-cytokine panel, short Crohn Disease Activity Index (sCDAI), and short Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire (sIBDQ). Associations were evaluated using unadjusted and adjusted models with false discovery rate (FDR) correction.

RESULTS: Overall diet quality was poor and characterized by low intake of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and fiber, alongside high intake of saturated fat, added sugars, and animal-derived protein. Four dietary patterns were identified: vegetable-rich, dairy-rich, fruit-rich, and coffee/sweetener-rich. Participants adhering to the fruit-rich pattern exhibited the highest diet quality scores. Higher HEI-2015 scores were associated with greater gut microbial diversity and differences in overall microbiome composition. Participants with greater adherence to the vegetable-rich pattern showed modest increases in microbial diversity. Exploratory analyses suggested that higher fruit intake and adherence to a fruit-rich dietary pattern were associated with lower fecal calprotectin and CRP levels, whereas adherence to a vegetable-rich pattern was associated with better health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and adherence to a coffee/sweetener-rich pattern was associated with a worse symptom burden. However, no associations between dietary metrics and inflammatory markers, cytokines, or clinical outcomes remained significant after FDR correction. Most participants were in clinical remission despite substantial impairment in HRQoL.

CONCLUSIONS: Adults with CD in Puerto Rico exhibited poor diet quality that was associated with gut microbial diversity and exploratory differences in clinical outcomes. While these findings support the influence of diet on the microbiome and clinical outcomes, larger longitudinal studies are needed to determine whether dietary improvements can influence disease outcomes this underrepresented population.},
}

@article {pmid42647124,
year = {2026},
author = {Grubmüller, E and Meier, DV and Kreil, M and Schmit, L and Scharl, E and Takata, M and Weig, A and Steiger, S},
title = {Parental niche construction buffers microbial and competitive challenges and drives offspring dependence in burying beetles.},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
volume = {123},
number = {35},
pages = {e2617749123},
doi = {10.1073/pnas.2617749123},
pmid = {42647124},
issn = {1091-6490},
support = {STE 1874/6-3; 518 Project number: 277139873).//Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG)/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Coleoptera/microbiology/physiology/growth & development ; Larva/growth & development/microbiology/physiology ; *Microbiota ; Female ; Ecosystem ; },
abstract = {Parents across diverse taxa modify the biotic or abiotic environments of their offspring. Such modifications may constitute ecological inheritance and are central to developmental niche construction, whereby organisms shape developmental conditions and selective pressures experienced by the next generation. Despite its theoretical importance, parental niche construction is often studied under simplified conditions or by focusing on single components of care, limiting our understanding of how multiple parental modifications interact in ecologically relevant contexts, whether they buffer environmental heterogeneity, and how this shapes offspring development and evolutionary trajectories. Using the burying beetle Nicrophorus vespilloides, we investigated how parents jointly modify chemical and microbial properties of vertebrate carcasses, a highly contested resource on which offspring develop. We show that under natural microbial and competitive conditions, prehatch care enhances larval survival and growth, alters cadaveric volatile emissions, and reduces carcass attractiveness to competitors. While soil type shapes carcass-associated microbial communities, parental care buffers these environmental effects, creating a more consistent microbiome and reducing environmentally induced larval mortality. Larvae of the related species Ptomascopus morio, which lacks prehatch carcass preparation, survived equally well on prepared and unmodified carcasses, whereas N. vespilloides larvae showed reduced survival on unmodified carcasses. This contrast is consistent with the hypothesis that N. vespilloides larvae have evolved a reliance on a parentally constructed developmental environment. Together, these findings show that parental care can constitute an integrated form of niche construction that reshapes developmental environments, enhances offspring performance, and may promote evolutionary feedback leading to increased offspring dependence on parental care.},
}

Animals
*Coleoptera/microbiology/physiology/growth & development
Larva/growth & development/microbiology/physiology
*Microbiota
Female
Ecosystem

@article {pmid42647153,
year = {2026},
author = {Sidiq, MK and Mohammed, SM and Alghofaili, F and Mohammed, SJ and Ahmad, SD and Najmuldeen, HH},
title = {Breast Milk Bioactive Components and Early-Life Epigenetic Programming: Implications for Nutrigenomics and Population Health.},
journal = {Journal of the American Nutrition Association},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-22},
doi = {10.1080/27697061.2026.2719480},
pmid = {42647153},
issn = {2769-707X},
abstract = {Multifactorial diseases cannot be fully explained by genetic variation alone, highlighting the importance of epigenetic mechanisms that integrate early-life environmental exposures with long-term health outcomes. Within the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) framework, human breast milk has emerged as a critical regulator of early-life epigenetic programming. Breast milk-derived bioactive components, including non-coding RNAs, extracellular vesicles, immune factors, hormones, and human milk oligosaccharides, actively modulate DNA methylation, chromatin structure, and gene expression involved in immune, metabolic, and developmental pathways, according to recent mechanistic, clinical, and epidemiological evidence. From a nutrigenomic perspective, breast milk represents a highly individualized exposure shaped by maternal genetics, physiology, and environment, potentially influencing infant gene regulation during sensitive developmental windows. This concept provides a biological basis for exploring "milk kinship," a culturally recognized relationship established through shared breastfeeding, as a model of shared early-life exposure. Available evidence indicates that common exposure to breast milk bioactive signals provides a biologically plausible mechanism for partial convergence of epigenetic regulation among unrelated infants. However, direct human studies demonstrating measurable epigenetic or long-term health effects associated with milk kinship remain scarce. Integrating current evidence supports a hypothesis-driven framework linking epigenetics, nutrigenomics, and population health while identifying important knowledge gaps. Longitudinal, multi-omics studies are needed to determine whether shared lactational exposure produces stable, functionally relevant epigenetic signatures and whether these influence disease susceptibility or prevention across the life course.KEY TEACHING POINTSBreast milk contains diverse bioactive components, including microRNAs, extracellular vesicles, human milk oligosaccharides, immune factors, hormones, and growth factors, that may influence infant gene regulation, immune maturation, metabolic programming, and epigenetic development during critical early-life windows.Shared breastfeeding provides a biologically plausible model for examining potential epigenetic convergence among milk siblings through common exposure to milk-derived regulatory signals; however, this hypothesis remains speculative, and direct human evidence demonstrating measurable or persistent epigenetic convergence among milk siblings is currently lacking.Longitudinal, multi-omics studies integrating epigenomic, transcriptomic, microbiome, and detailed breastfeeding data are needed to determine whether shared lactational exposure produces functionally relevant molecular signatures and whether these signatures have implications for health and disease across the life course.},
}

@article {pmid42647164,
year = {2026},
author = {Wang, Y and Cheng, E and Peters-Samuelson, BA},
title = {Sex differences in the gut microbiome and related metabolites: role in cardiometabolic disease.},
journal = {Gut microbes},
volume = {18},
number = {1},
pages = {2721752},
doi = {10.1080/19490976.2026.2721752},
pmid = {42647164},
issn = {1949-0984},
mesh = {Humans ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome/physiology ; Female ; *Sex Characteristics ; *Cardiovascular Diseases/microbiology/metabolism ; Animals ; Male ; Bacteria/classification/isolation & purification/metabolism/genetics ; *Metabolic Diseases/microbiology/metabolism ; Gonadal Steroid Hormones/metabolism ; Sex Factors ; },
abstract = {Sex differences in major cardiometabolic diseases (CMD), such as type 2 diabetes, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease, and cardiovascular disease, have been increasingly recognized across the life course. During the reproductive stage, women generally have a more favorable cardiometabolic risk profile than men, but their risk of experiencing CMD significantly increases after menopause. Emerging evidence suggests that sexually dimorphic gut microbiota and gut microbiota-related metabolites (GMRMs) may contribute to such sex disparities. However, existing findings are heterogeneous and underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. In this review, we synthesize the evidence examining sex differences in gut microbial diversity, overall composition, taxa abundances, and levels of GMRMs across key life stages, including pre-puberty, adolescence, and different phases of adulthood (with emphasis on pre- and post-menopausal periods). We summarize potential biological mechanisms underlying sexual dimorphism in the gut microbiome and GMRMs, emphasizing the central role of sex steroids, along with contributions from immune function and other host and environmental factors. We further integrate evidence linking sexually dimorphic microbial taxa (e.g., Akkermansia muciniphila, Eubacterium, Ruminococcus, and other Firmicutes taxa) and GMRMs (e.g., microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids, secondary bile acids, and trimethylamine N-oxide) to key cardiometabolic pathways involving inflammation, glucose and lipid metabolism, and vascular function. Finally, we identify critical knowledge gaps and emphasize the need for future large longitudinal studies that would integrate repeated measurements of the gut microbiome, untargeted metabolomics, and sex steroid hormones across the life course. Such approaches are essential to clarify biological pathways and inform sex-specific microbiome-based interventions for CMD prevention and management.},
}

Humans
*Gastrointestinal Microbiome/physiology
Female
*Sex Characteristics
*Cardiovascular Diseases/microbiology/metabolism
Animals
Male
Bacteria/classification/isolation & purification/metabolism/genetics
*Metabolic Diseases/microbiology/metabolism
Gonadal Steroid Hormones/metabolism
Sex Factors

@article {pmid42647236,
year = {2026},
author = {Sanchis-Sanchis, E and de la Rubia Ortí, JE and Sancho-Cantus, D and Cunha-Pérez, C and Casaña-Mohedo, J},
title = {The Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis and Nutritional Interventions in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Pathophysiological Mechanisms, Neuroinflammation, and Non-Motor Manifestations-Scoping Review.},
journal = {Pathophysiology : the official journal of the International Society for Pathophysiology},
volume = {33},
number = {3},
pages = {},
pmid = {42647236},
issn = {1873-149X},
abstract = {Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder in which systemic pathophysiological alterations significantly contribute to disease progression and non-motor manifestations, such as depression and anxiety. The microbiota-gut-brain axis represents a critical bidirectional pathway in which intestinal dysbiosis and epithelial barrier disruption catalyze central neuroinflammation. This scoping review synthesizes evidence from 43 empirical and analytical studies across 28 countries and maps the findings under the WHO International Classification of Functioning (ICF) framework. Pathophysiological data reveal a profound taxonomic shift in patients with ALS, characterized by severe depletion of neuroprotective, butyrate-producing genera (Akkermansia and Prevotella) and enrichment of pro-inflammatory Enterobacteriaceae. This dysbiotic state leads to structural damage to the intestinal mucosa, alteration of Paneth cells, and downregulation of tight junction proteins (zonulin), triggering a "leaky gut" phenomenon. Subsequent systemic translocation of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) induces TLR4-mediated endotoxemia, microglial hyperactivation, and accelerated motor neuron apoptosis. Conversely, therapeutic modulation via Fecal Microbiota Transplantation (FMT), psychobiotics, and metabolic interventions (ketogenic or Mediterranean diets) has demonstrated significant efficacy in restoring epithelial integrity, mitigating mitochondrial hypermetabolism, and reducing emotional distress. This review identifies a critical research gap in the microstructural characterization of the enteric nervous system in ALS. Incorporating microbiome-targeted biomarkers into clinical protocols is crucial for implementing a stratified, multi-systemic therapeutic strategy aimed at enhancing patient prognosis and psychological well-being.},
}

@article {pmid42647328,
year = {2026},
author = {Merino-País, M and López-Ortiz, S and Emanuele, E and Imbimbo, C and Imbimbo, BP and Lista, S and Santos-Lozano, A},
title = {Physical Exercise and Gut Microbiota: Implications for Alzheimer's Disease in Experimental Models: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.},
journal = {Journal of functional morphology and kinesiology},
volume = {11},
number = {3},
pages = {},
pmid = {42647328},
issn = {2411-5142},
abstract = {Background and Objectives: The concept of the gut-muscle-brain axis encompasses the intricate, multidirectional interactions between the gut microbiota (GM), physical exercise (PE), and the central nervous system. Within this framework, gut dysbiosis has been implicated in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Given that cognitive functions in AD appear to benefit from PE, it is plausible to hypothesize that these improvements may be partially mediated by PE-induced alterations in GM taxonomy. Therefore, the objective of this study is to evaluate the potential effects of PE in the GM and their implications for AD. Methods: A systematic review was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus following the PRISMA guidelines up to July 2025 for preclinical controlled trials that assessed the effects of PE on the GM of AD animal models. A random-effects model meta-analysis was performed to estimate the pooled effect of PE on GM frequency or composition. This study received no external funding. Results: Eight studies were included in the systematic review (sample size, n = 126), of which two could be meta-analyzed. We found that PE significantly reduced Actinobacteria abundance (MD = -0.005%; 95% CI, -0.008 to -0.002; p = 0.001) with no statistically significant evidence of heterogeneity (I[2] = 89.60%, Q = 0.102, p = 0.950) or publication bias observed (Begg's test, p = 0.296), but no significant effects were found for other phylums or genera. Conclusions: PE appears capable of modulating the GM of animal models with AD in a selective and heterogeneous manner. Further studies are needed to clarify the mechanisms by which this is possible and to determinate its impact on the pathogenesis of the disease.},
}

@article {pmid42647759,
year = {2026},
author = {Sánchez-Sanz, A and Baranzini, SE},
title = {The Gut Microbiome in Multiple Sclerosis.},
journal = {Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation},
volume = {13},
number = {6},
pages = {e200638},
pmid = {42647759},
issn = {2332-7812},
mesh = {Humans ; *Multiple Sclerosis/microbiology/immunology/metabolism ; Animals ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome/physiology/immunology ; },
abstract = {Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory demyelinating disease of the CNS whose risk and course are shaped by both genetic and environmental factors, among which the intestinal microbiota has emerged as a key, potentially modifiable contributor. People with MS frequently display altered gut microbiota, characterized by depletion of fiber-fermenting, short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing commensals, and expansion of taxa associated with mucus degradation and proinflammatory metabolism. These compositional shifts are paralleled by broad changes in blood and CSF metabolites, including reduced SCFAs, tryptophan-derived aryl hydrocarbon receptor ligands, and secondary bile acids. In addition, several reports highlight the accumulation of aromatic amino acid-derived phenolic and indolic compounds and specific lipid mediators linked to neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. In this up-to-date review, we synthesize evidence from experimental models and human studies showing how microbial metabolites can influence MS pathogenesis through converging mechanisms: modulation of gut and blood-brain barrier integrity; shaping of T-cell and B-cell responses; direct effects on microglia, astrocytes, and oligodendrocyte lineage cells after crossing into the CNS; and modulation of neural circuits, particularly those involving the vagus nerve. Finally, we highlight current gaps, including the need for longitudinal, harmonized multiomic cohorts, and mechanistic studies integrating microbiome, metabolome, and host readouts across gut, blood, and CNS. Overall, available data support a model in which coordinated disruption of the gut microbiota-metabolite axis, rather than any single pathogen, contributes to MS, opening avenues for microbiota-based and metabolite-based biomarkers and therapies aimed at restoring immune and neuroglial homeostasis.},
}

Humans
*Multiple Sclerosis/microbiology/immunology/metabolism
Animals
*Gastrointestinal Microbiome/physiology/immunology

@article {pmid42647974,
year = {2026},
author = {Szopiński, M and Wojcieszyńska, D},
title = {Small organisms, significant impact: Unveiling NSAIDs interactions with model species.},
journal = {Aquatic toxicology (Amsterdam, Netherlands)},
volume = {300},
number = {},
pages = {107981},
doi = {10.1016/j.aquatox.2026.107981},
pmid = {42647974},
issn = {1879-1514},
abstract = {Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are among the most commonly used pain-relieving, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic drugs. When they were introduced to the pharmaceutical market, large-scale toxicological studies were conducted to determine their effect on the human body. However, their widespread use contributed to the presence of these drugs and their metabolites in the environment, including soil and water, where they can affect organisms that are not the direct targets of action. Hence, it is extremely important to correctly estimate the toxicity of these drugs on organisms inhabiting various biocenoses. The presented review attempts to summarise the current results on the effect of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs obtained in studies on model organisms and presents a wider spectrum of issues related to the toxicity of these drugs, including the human microbiome. The paper shows that limiting studies only to typical model organisms, despite the fact that such studies provide a number of answers, may underestimate the negative impact of these compounds in relation to other, less frequently tested microorganisms.},
}

@article {pmid42648172,
year = {2026},
author = {Sless, TJL and Woo, N and Nakla, C and Rehan, SM},
title = {Mapping the eco-holobiont: tripartite interactions of small carpenter bee, floral, and soil microbiomes across an urbanization gradient.},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
volume = {1050},
number = {},
pages = {182231},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2026.182231},
pmid = {42648172},
issn = {1879-1026},
abstract = {Interactions between plants and pollinating insects are essential to the health of many ecosystems, and are also of concern to human agriculture. Work in recent years has increasingly approached pollinator health from a holobiont perspective, considering communities of microbes alongside their hosts. Yet, little research has directly compared microbiomes between these insects and the environmental substrates from which they are largely acquired. We investigated the microbiome composition and structure of small carpenter bees (Ceratina calcarata) alongside directly associated samples of host flowers and soil. This study represents the first tripartite analysis of microbiomes across all three of these strata, shedding new light on the acquisition and maintenance of microbial associates in a wild pollinator species. Overall, we found that nearly all of the most common bacterial and fungal taxa detected in C. calcarata samples were shared across four species of host flowers, while soil samples showed less overlap with either flowers or bees. However, C. calcarata microbiomes still differed significantly from those of their host plants in both alpha and beta diversity, indicating that other factors are important in shaping the microbiome beyond the initial acquisition of taxa. Analysis of bees collected across a land use gradient revealed opposing patterns of association with urbanization for bacteria and fungi respectively. Conversely, variance in microbial communities for flower samples was associated more strongly with seasonality, while soil samples showed little impact of any environmental factors. Ultimately, our results support the role of flowers as a major source by which solitary bees initially acquire microbial associates, some of which are likely filtered from the soil environment. However, compositional differences in the microbiomes of C. calcarata suggest that the structure of these communities is further influenced by additional environmental factors beyond acquisition.},
}

@article {pmid42648292,
year = {2026},
author = {Matsuzaki, R and Caudle, WM and Sampson, TR},
title = {The microbiota at the interface of environmental toxicants and the brain.},
journal = {Cell metabolism},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.cmet.2026.08.002},
pmid = {42648292},
issn = {1932-7420},
abstract = {Throughout life, humans are exposed to a diverse array of xenobiotics originating from diet, pharmaceuticals, and environmental contaminants. Positioned at the interface between the host and the external environment, the gut microbiota is uniquely situated to both sense and modify the effects of these exposures prior to systemic circulation and delivery to their host targets. Growing evidence indicates that the microbiota play critical roles in shaping xenobiotic fate through both direct metabolic transformation and modulation of host detoxification pathways, barrier integrity, and immune signaling. In this review, we summarize the impacts of disease-relevant environmental neurotoxicants on both the brain and microbial composition. We further integrate emerging mechanistic insights illustrating how microbiota-dependent processes can influence host toxicant responses and detoxification capacity, ultimately modifying exposure outcomes. Collectively, these findings position the gut microbiota as central mediators between environmental exposures and neurological health, providing a framework to better understand potential risk-modifying relationships.},
}

@article {pmid42648442,
year = {2026},
author = {Fu, G and Chen, L and Wang, Z and Fang, H},
title = {Computational precision nutrition for sarcopenia and associated multimorbidity in ageing.},
journal = {Ageing research reviews},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {103335},
doi = {10.1016/j.arr.2026.103335},
pmid = {42648442},
issn = {1872-9649},
abstract = {Sarcopenia is the age-related progressive decline in both skeletal muscle mass and function. It acts as an exacerbator of multimorbidity, engaging in bidirectional pathological cycles with multiple chronic diseases, and contributes substantially to increased mortality, disability and healthcare costs. Current nutritional support is often limited by a generic one-size-fits-all approach that fails to account for substantial inter-individual variation across genetics, metabolism, lifestyle, gut microbiome composition and other dimensions. This Review charts the progression from established strategies towards preclinical exploration of computational precision nutrition. We first delineate the multifactorial pathophysiology of sarcopenia-including dysregulated muscle protein turnover, chronic inflammageing, and anorexia of ageing-thereby providing critical targets for nutritional intervention. We then describe a conceptual data-driven framework that integrates multi-omics, digital monitoring, and artificial intelligence (AI). This framework has been proposed to operate as a continuous cycle: multidimensional data acquisition feeds AI-powered simulation via digital twins, enabling tailored dietary recommendations and culminating in ongoing refinement through real-time monitoring. However, it is important to emphasise that most components of this framework remain investigational and have not yet been validated in sarcopenia populations. Finally, we discuss the substantial translational challenges-including evidence gaps, practical implementation barriers, and ethical considerations-that must be addressed to determine whether this approach can achieve the vision of more proactive, pre-emptive, and precise nutritional care for sarcopenia.},
}

@article {pmid42648574,
year = {2026},
author = {Trallero, JM and Anaya, BJ and Serrano, DR and Notario-Pérez, F},
title = {State of the art in intravaginal rings: from material engineering to 3D-printed multipurpose delivery systems.},
journal = {Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society},
volume = {399},
number = {Pt A},
pages = {115304},
doi = {10.1016/j.jconrel.2026.115304},
pmid = {42648574},
issn = {1873-4995},
abstract = {Intravaginal rings (IVRs) are redefining women's health by enabling sustained, localized and user-independent drug delivery that overcomes the limitations of conventional vaginal dosage forms. This review provides a comprehensive perspective on next generation IVR technologies, emphasizing the convergence of biomaterials engineering, advanced manufacturing and clinical translation. We critically discuss how key elastomeric platforms -including ethylene-vinyl acetate, silicones and thermoplastic polyurethanes- govern drug release, mechanical performance and compatibility with the dynamic vaginal microenvironment. Particular focus is placed on the technological evolution of IVR fabrication, from traditional injection molding to disruptive additive manufacturing strategies like three-dimensional (3D) printing and photopolymerizable resin-based systems. These emerging technologies unlock unprecedented opportunities for personalized medicine and sophisticated multi-compartment architectures capable of delivering multiple therapeutics with independently tunable release profiles. In parallel, we examine analytical and regulatory considerations underpinning IVR development, including physicochemical characterization, in vitro release testing and bio-relevant in vivo pharmacokinetic and safety models. Beyond their established role in contraception and hormone replacement, IVRs are rapidly expanding into anti-infective and preventative applications targeting candidiasis, bacterial vaginosis and HIV-1 transmission. In this context, multipurpose prevention technologies (MPTs) are emerging as a transformative strategy capable of simultaneously addressing contraception and sexually transmitted infections within a single long-acting platform. Finally, we discuss the critical challenges that continue to shape the field, including microbiome preservation, user acceptability, regulatory complexity and large-scale manufacturing. Collectively, this review highlights IVRs as a versatile and rapidly evolving drug delivery platform poised to drive the future of personalized and long-acting therapeutics in women's health.},
}

@article {pmid42648638,
year = {2026},
author = {Yeh, YM and Cheng, HT and Chen, CC and Kuo, CJ and Chiu, CT and Le, PH and Chiu, CH},
title = {Age-stratified gut microbiome variation in a Taiwanese cohort.},
journal = {Biomedical journal},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {101035},
doi = {10.1016/j.bj.2026.101035},
pmid = {42648638},
issn = {2320-2890},
}

@article {pmid42649250,
year = {2026},
author = {Perl, A and Banki, K},
title = {Hepatic control of immunometabolism: implications for the pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of rheumatic diseases.},
journal = {Nature reviews. Rheumatology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {42649250},
issn = {1759-4804},
abstract = {Autoimmune rheumatic diseases, including systemic lupus erythematosus and antiphospholipid syndrome, arise from interactions between genetic susceptibility and environmental triggers that drive metabolic dysregulation. The liver, a central metabolic and immunological organ, has a key role in initiating and amplifying systemic autoimmunity and organ damage. It functions as an interface between the gut microbiome, nutrients, drugs and environmental toxins. The liver regulates immune cell development, coordinates systemic immune responses through metabolite and cytokine production and modifies self-antigens via oxidation, glycosylation and lipidation. These changes can transform normal molecules into autoantigens. Hepatocytes also produce coagulation, complement factors and apolipoproteins, such as β2-glycoprotein I, a major target of antiphospholipid antibodies. In addition, the liver secretes antioxidants such as glutathione, albumin and paraoxonase-1, which protect lipoproteins from becoming antigenic and reduce risks of atherosclerosis and thrombosis. Liver diseases such as steatosis and steatohepatitis have bidirectional relationships with systemic lupus erythematosus, antiphospholipid syndrome and other rheumatic conditions. Liver cells can also be direct targets of autoimmune responses. Delineating the role of the liver in metabolic control of autoimmunity and inflammation can lead to better understanding of disease pathogenesis, improved clinical diagnosis and identification of new therapeutic targets in rheumatic diseases.},
}

@article {pmid42649273,
year = {2026},
author = {Wang, H and Li, Y and Niu, Y and Chen, X and Liu, J and Feng, W and Cao, J and Liu, H and Liu, C and Liang, X and Ge, Z and Wang, J and Feng, X and Cheng, S and Shen, W and Ge, W},
title = {Maternal microbiome promotes offspring ovarian reserve via bile acid metabolism.},
journal = {EMBO reports},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {42649273},
issn = {1469-3178},
support = {32570626//MOST | National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)/ ; 32100683//MOST | National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)/ ; 24-1-8-xdny-5-nsh//Qingdao's Science and Technology Projects for People's Livehood/ ; ZR2021QC003//| Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province ()/ ; ts20190946//Taishan Scholar Foundation of Shandong Province of China/ ; tsqn202211194//Taishan Scholar Foundation of Shandong Province of China/ ; 6651121003//Start-up Fund for High-level Talents of Qingdao Agricultural University/ ; },
abstract = {The maternal microbiome plays a crucial role in host ovarian function and fertility, yet its influence on in-utero ovarian development in offspring remains poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that maternal antibiotic-induced microbiome disruption in mice leads to diminished ovarian reserve (DOR) in the offspring, while fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) alleviates this effect. Metabolomic analysis reveals that maternal microbiome disruption alters metabolomic profiles in the maternal serum, with pathway enrichment analysis indicating reduced bile acid secretion in the maternal serum of ABX dams. Importantly, supplementation of key bile acid metabolites and transplantation of Lactobacillus gasseri (L. gasseri), a known promoter of bile acid metabolism, to antibiotic-treated dams abrogated maternal microbiome disruption-induced DOR. Additionally, through in vitro fertilization assay, we found that maternal microbiome disruption impaired oocyte quality in offspring, while FMT and supplementation with bile acid metabolites alleviated this effect. Together, our findings highlight the critical role of the maternal microbiome in offspring fertility, potentially through microbially mediated bile acid metabolism in the maternal serum.},
}

@article {pmid42649392,
year = {2026},
author = {O'Leary, K},
title = {Tracing the origins of babies' microbiomes.},
journal = {Nature medicine},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1038/d41591-026-00042-2},
pmid = {42649392},
issn = {1546-170X},
}

@article {pmid42649394,
year = {2026},
author = {Pulendran, B},
title = {Systems vaccinology and the architecture of human immunity.},
journal = {Nature},
volume = {656},
number = {8129},
pages = {833-842},
pmid = {42649394},
issn = {1476-4687},
mesh = {Humans ; *Vaccinology/methods/trends ; *Vaccines/immunology ; Multiomics ; *Systems Biology/methods/trends ; *Immunity/immunology/genetics ; Vaccination ; Immunoinformatics ; Vaccine Development ; Animals ; Immune System/immunology ; },
abstract = {Vaccination is one of the greatest triumphs in human history. Traditionally, vaccines were designed to stimulate antibody responses that block infection, but this overlooks the immune system's complex and multifaceted defence mechanisms. Here we review the current state of the field of systems vaccinology, which has transformed vaccine research by using vaccines as controlled probes of the human immune system and by applying multi-omics and computational approaches to reveal the nature of human immunity. These approaches have identified molecular signatures that predict the magnitude and durability of immune responses and revealed new human biology, including how host genetics, metabolism and the microbiome shape immunity, and demonstrated that host defence emerges from coordinated immune programs spanning baseline immune state, early response dynamics and tissue-level interactions. Rapid advances in artificial intelligence are beginning to accelerate the distillation of knowledge and understanding from vast multi-omics datasets. These developments position systems vaccinology as a powerful framework for rational vaccine design. However, despite its considerable impact on discovery and human immunology, considerable challenges remain in translating these insights into clinical and regulatory practice. Addressing this translational gap will be essential for realizing the full potential of systems vaccinology to deliver safer, more effective vaccines against existing and emerging infectious threats.},
}

Humans
*Vaccinology/methods/trends
*Vaccines/immunology
Multiomics
*Systems Biology/methods/trends
*Immunity/immunology/genetics
Vaccination
Immunoinformatics
Vaccine Development
Animals
Immune System/immunology

@article {pmid42649409,
year = {2026},
author = {Hitch, TCA and Sakamoto, M and Overmann, J and Clavel, T},
title = {A roadmap to create FAIR collections of microbial strains.},
journal = {Nature microbiology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {42649409},
issn = {2058-5276},
support = {445552570//Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (German Research Foundation)/ ; 513892404//Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (German Research Foundation)/ ; 564414043//Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (German Research Foundation)/ ; 395357507//Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (German Research Foundation)/ ; 403224013//Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (German Research Foundation)/ ; 460129525//Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (German Research Foundation)/ ; },
abstract = {Microbiology is in the midst of a cultivation renaissance and this is particularly true in microbiome research, where access to isolates enables mechanistic studies. However, to reach that goal, isolates and their (meta)data must be findable, accessible, interoperable and reproducible (FAIR). Many studies have reported the isolation of thousands of microbial strains, but few are publicly accessible. This is partly due to the hurdles faced in creating FAIR resources, such as the additional workload involved in organizing submission to culture collections and curating metadata for each strain. In addition, inconsistent strain identifiers reduce the findability of strains by preventing their use by the community being tracked. These limitations hinder the sustainable growth of scientific knowledge and innovations in microbiome research. Here we propose a roadmap to help scientists create FAIR collections of microbial strains. We provide guidance on the process of establishing a state-of-the-art collection of microorganisms, from project planning to strain deposition and how to name new taxa. By creating FAIR collections of microbial strains, we can safeguard Earth's microbial heritage for future generations.},
}

@article {pmid42649503,
year = {2026},
author = {Wang, ZX and Liu, XY and Wu, YX and Xiao, YL and Ge, LP and Wu, SY and Jiang, YZ and Shao, ZM},
title = {Current and future therapies for triple-negative breast cancer.},
journal = {Journal of hematology & oncology},
volume = {19},
number = {1},
pages = {},
pmid = {42649503},
issn = {1756-8722},
support = {BX20240085//Postdoctoral Fellowship Program and the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation/ ; SHDC2025CCS018//Clinical Cohort Shanghai/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/therapy/pathology/drug therapy ; Female ; Tumor Microenvironment ; Biomarkers, Tumor ; Precision Medicine ; Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use ; },
abstract = {Triple-negative breast cancer remains an aggressive and biologically heterogeneous breast cancer subtype. Although the therapeutic landscape has expanded, durable disease control remains clinically challenging in many settings. Existing reviews often organize TNBC therapy by drug class or molecular subtype, which can obscure how treatment response is shaped by interacting biological layers. Here, we review current and emerging therapeutic strategies through a three-layer framework: tumor-cell-intrinsic vulnerabilities, the local immune and stromal microenvironment, and host-level systemic modifiers. We summarize established approaches, including chemotherapy, immune checkpoint blockade, antibody-drug conjugates and PARP inhibition in biomarker-defined settings, and distinguish them from maturing or exploratory strategies such as pathway-directed therapy, epigenetic modulation, anti-vascular combinations, regulated cell-death induction, cellular therapy, vaccines, microbiome-related interventions, liquid biopsy, AI-supported multiomics and adaptive trial designs. This framework integrates evidence level, disease stage, biomarker reliability and patient tolerance into treatment selection for TNBC precision therapy.},
}

Humans
*Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/therapy/pathology/drug therapy
Female
Tumor Microenvironment
Biomarkers, Tumor
Precision Medicine
Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use

@article {pmid42649853,
year = {2026},
author = {Boldeanu, L and Ghenea, AE and Plasiciuc, AEC and Boldeanu, MV and Pădureanu, R and Assani, MZ and Pădureanu, V and Siloși, I and Novac, MB and Camen, AB},
title = {Gut Microbiome-Driven Strategies to Overcome Immunotherapy Resistance in Microsatellite-Stable Colorectal Cancer.},
journal = {Cancers},
volume = {18},
number = {16},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/cancers18162538},
pmid = {42649853},
issn = {2072-6694},
support = {//University of Medicine and Pharmacy/ ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Microsatellite-stable colorectal cancer (MSS CRC) accounts for the vast majority of CRC cases and remains largely resistant to immune checkpoint inhibitors. Emerging evidence suggests that the gut microbiome is an important regulator of antitumor immunity and may contribute to immunotherapy resistance through multiple mechanisms involving the tumor microenvironment. This review aims to summarize current knowledge of the microbiome-immunity-therapy axis in MSS CRC and to explore microbiome-based strategies to enhance immunotherapy responsiveness.

METHODS: A narrative review of the recent literature was conducted, focusing on studies published within the last five years that investigated gut microbiota composition, microbial metabolites, tumor immune regulation, immunotherapy response, and microbiome-targeted therapeutic interventions in CRC. Evidence from mechanistic studies, translational research, clinical investigations, and multi-omics analyses was integrated.

RESULTS: Current evidence indicates that gut dysbiosis contributes to immune resistance in MSS CRC through immune exclusion, myeloid-driven immunosuppression, T-cell dysfunction, chronic inflammation, and altered microbial metabolite signaling. Specific microorganisms, including Fusobacterium nucleatum, enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis, pks-positive Escherichia coli, and other CRC-associated pathobionts, have been implicated in tumor progression and modulation of antitumor immunity. Microbial metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids, tryptophan-derived compounds, bile acids, succinate, and inosine represent key functional mediators linking microbial communities to host immune responses. Emerging microbiome-targeted interventions, including fecal microbiota transplantation, next-generation probiotics, postbiotics, selective microbial depletion, and engineered bacterial therapeutics, have shown promising results in preclinical models and early translational or clinical studies, although robust clinical evidence remains limited. In parallel, advances in metagenomics, metabolomics, spatial transcriptomics, and artificial intelligence are facilitating the development of precision immuno-microbiome oncology approaches.

CONCLUSIONS: The gut microbiome functions as a critical regulator of immune resistance in MSS CRC through coordinated effects on microbial composition, metabolite production, and tumor immune remodeling. Microbiome-targeted interventions, combined with multi-omics-based patient stratification, may provide new opportunities to overcome immunotherapy resistance and expand the clinical benefits of immune checkpoint blockade in this traditionally refractory disease.},
}

@article {pmid42649902,
year = {2026},
author = {Yellu, A and Weitzner, AS and Cronin, C and Kim, JK and Lokeshwar, SD},
title = {Perioperative Optimization Strategies in Major Genitourinary Cancer Surgery.},
journal = {Cancers},
volume = {18},
number = {16},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/cancers18162588},
pmid = {42649902},
issn = {2072-6694},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To evaluate current and emerging perioperative optimization strategies in genitourinary surgery and assess their potential to improve surgical outcomes, particularly in patients with modifiable risk factors.

METHODS: A literature review was conducted using PubMed databases examining perioperative interventions relevant to patients undergoing surgery for genitourinary cancers. Areas of focus included enhanced recovery after surgery protocols, nutritional optimization, exercise prehabilitation, smoking cessation, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists, and gut microbiome modulation. Evidence from clinical trials, observational studies, systematic reviews, and current clinical guidelines was reviewed and synthesized.

RESULTS: Current evidence supports the use of enhanced recovery after surgery protocols to reduce acute complications, shorten length of stay and decrease recovery time. Nutritional optimization and exercise prehabilitation demonstrated improved functional and metabolic capacity. Smoking cessation improved wound healing and decreased pulmonary and infectious complications. Emerging evidence suggests GLP-1 RAs offer metabolic benefits, and microbiome-targeted interventions may improve postoperative recovery through gut microbiome diversity preservation, although clinical data remains limited.

CONCLUSIONS: Perioperative strategies demonstrate promising potential to improve outcomes in patients undergoing genitourinary surgeries by addressing modifiable risk factors. Further prospective studies are needed to guide clinical implementation.},
}

@article {pmid42649911,
year = {2026},
author = {Tavartkiladze, A and Tavartkiladze, L and Reiter, RJ and Burnier, M and Ulukaya, E and Turmanidze, R and Revazishvili, P},
title = {Relative Melatonergic Status and Systemic Inflammatory, Oxidative, and Biological Aging Burden in Adults: An Exploratory Cross-Sectional Biomarker Analysis.},
journal = {Cancers},
volume = {18},
number = {16},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/cancers18162597},
pmid = {42649911},
issn = {2072-6694},
abstract = {BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Melatonin has circadian, antioxidant, mitochondrial, and immunomodulatory functions, but human data linking relative melatonergic status to coordinated systemic biomarker burden remain limited. We examined this association and tested its internal robustness to alternative score construction, outlier handling, and missing-data assumptions.

METHODS: We performed an adult-only cross-sectional secondary analysis of a deidentified biomarker dataset. Of 322 source records, six participants younger than 18 years and two records without age were excluded, yielding 314 adults. Plasma melatonin and 24 h urinary aMT6s were converted to within-cohort rank percentiles and averaged to form a relative melatonergic-axis score. Equal-weight z-score composites represented inflammation, oxidative damage, antioxidant deficit, and biological aging/biological injury; their mean was the integrated systemic biomarker-burden score. Analyses included Kruskal-Wallis tests; Spearman correlations with bootstrap confidence intervals; standardized regression adjusted for age, sex, and BMI; robust covariance estimates; principal component analysis (PCA), winsorization, leave-one-domain/marker-out analyses, and missing-BMI sensitivity models.

RESULTS: The lower, intermediate, and higher relative melatonergic tertiles included 105, 104, and 105 adults, respectively. The melatonergic-axis score correlated inversely with integrated systemic burden (Spearman ρ = -0.944; 5000-resample bootstrap 95% CI, -0.953 to -0.931; p < 0.001). In age-, sex-, and BMI-adjusted complete-case models (N = 250), each 1 SD higher axis score was associated with a 0.95 SD lower integrated burden (β = -0.949; HC3 95% CI, -0.983 to -0.915; p < 0.001). Results were similar for separate plasma melatonin and aMT6s models, winsorized composites, a PCA-derived score (PC1 explained 75.5% of marker variance; ρ = -0.947), leave-one-domain/marker-out analyses, and missing-BMI sensitivity models.

CONCLUSIONS: Lower relative melatonergic status was associated with a highly coordinated adverse systemic biomarker pattern. The exceptional magnitude of the association requires audit of primary assay provenance and independent external replication. Because cancer, microbiome, and liquid biopsy endpoints were not measured, oncology implications remain untested prospective hypotheses.},
}

@article {pmid42649929,
year = {2026},
author = {Cathomas, M and Fortunato, F and Zamir, E and Keller, MI and Gobin, T and Jötten, L and Gauer, E and Heckler, M and Kong, B and Gaiser, RA and Rompen, IF and Harnoss, JM and Schmidt, S and Kuhn, M and Elinav, E and Bork, P and Michalski, CW and Hank, T},
title = {Tumor Location and Preoperative Biliary Stenting Shape Gut Microbiome Diversity in Pancreatic Cancer.},
journal = {Cancers},
volume = {18},
number = {16},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/cancers18162617},
pmid = {42649929},
issn = {2072-6694},
abstract = {Background: Recent evidence suggests that gut microbiome plays a role in the development of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and influences treatment response. However, the association of tumor location and preoperative biliary stenting (PBS) with gut microbial composition and diversity remains poorly understood. Methods: Preoperative stool specimens were prospectively collected from patients with PDAC undergoing surgery between March 2020 and July 2021 at the Department of Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Germany. Whole-genome shotgun metagenomic sequencing was performed. Microbial diversity was assessed using the Shannon index and Bray-Curtis dissimilarity with principal coordinates analysis. Results: A total of 63 preoperative stool samples were analyzed from 40 patients with pancreatic head (63.5%) and 23 with body/tail tumors (36.5%). Baseline characteristics were comparable between groups. Microbial community composition differed significantly between tumor locations (Bray-Curtis, p = 0.005), with enrichment of Ruminococcus bromii in body/tail tumors. Among patients with pancreatic head tumors, PBS was associated with reduced alpha diversity (Shannon index, p = 0.04) and depletion of taxa including Eubacteriales and Clostridiales taxa, and members of the genera Raoultella and Prevotella. PBS was associated with a higher rate of major complications > 3a according to the Clavien-Dindo classification (28.6% vs. 3.8%; p = 0.04). Conclusions: PBS was associated with reduced microbial diversity and distinct taxonomic alterations of the gut microbiome. These findings suggest that biliary stenting is associated with microbiome alterations that may be relevant for perioperative risk stratification and warrant further investigation.},
}

@article {pmid42649963,
year = {2026},
author = {Benidovskaya, E and Huyghe, N and Giolito, MV and Coulie, P and Van den Eynde, M},
title = {Integrative Profiling of Tumor and Blood Microenvironments to Uncover Molecular and Immune Determinants of Prognosis and Treatment Efficacy in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer.},
journal = {Cancers},
volume = {18},
number = {16},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/cancers18162651},
pmid = {42649963},
issn = {2072-6694},
support = {Télévie/FNRS 7.4600.23//Fund for Scientific Research/ ; },
abstract = {Metastatic colorectal cancer remains associated with poor prognosis despite major therapeutic advances, highlighting the need for robust biomarkers to refine treatment selection and monitor disease dynamics. This review summarizes emerging predictive and prognostic biomarkers in metastatic colorectal cancer across molecular and cellular layers, encompassing both tissue and circulating biomarkers. At the tissue level, we discuss genomic alterations and mutational signatures, transcriptomic classification systems and immune-related gene expression tools, protein-level immune checkpoint markers, and cellular determinants including immune infiltrates, cancer-associated fibroblasts and microbiome features. At the circulating level, we review biomarkers derived from liquid biopsy and peripheral blood, including circulating tumor DNA kinetics, T-cell receptor repertoire diversity, soluble cytokines and proteins, immune cell phenotyping, and circulating tumor cells. We highlight major challenges limiting clinical translation, including tumor heterogeneity, methodological variability, and the absence of standardized analytical pipelines and thresholds. Finally, we discuss future perspectives, emphasizing the integration of multi-omics biomarkers and artificial intelligence-driven strategies to improve biomarker validation and enable more precise management of metastatic colorectal cancer, particularly for patients with microsatellite-stable tumors who derive limited benefit from immune checkpoint inhibition.},
}

@article {pmid42649970,
year = {2026},
author = {Funamizu, N and Ihara, Y and Tamura, K and Kamei, Y and Umeda, Y},
title = {Microbiome Disturbance, Nutritional Vulnerability, and Treatment Tolerance in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: Mechanistic Links and Clinical Readiness.},
journal = {Cancers},
volume = {18},
number = {16},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/cancers18162658},
pmid = {42649970},
issn = {2072-6694},
support = {no number//Yakult Bio-Science Foundation (Japan)/ ; },
abstract = {Background/Objectives: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is characterized by aggressive tumor biology and profound host vulnerability, including pancreatic exocrine insufficiency (PEI), maldigestion, malnutrition, cachexia, sarcopenia, frailty, systemic inflammation, and poor tolerance to multimodal therapy. Gut and intratumoral microbiota have been implicated in pancreatic carcinogenesis, tumor immunity, chemotherapy response, and postoperative outcomes. However, the clinical readiness of microbiome-informed supportive care in PDAC remains uncertain. Results: Current evidence supports plausible mechanistic links among PEI, maldigestion, dysbiosis, microbial metabolites, barrier dysfunction, systemic inflammation, cachexia, sarcopenia, and treatment intolerance. Nevertheless, PDAC microbiome research is limited by major heterogeneity in sampling sites, sequencing platforms, antibiotic exposure, biliary drainage, diet, treatment timing, tumor stage, and analytic pipelines. Evidence is also discordant, particularly regarding alpha diversity and reproducible microbial signatures. Low-biomass tissue contamination and incomplete consideration of fungal and multi-kingdom microbiota further limit interpretation. Conclusions: Microbiome disturbance should currently be viewed as an investigational modifier of nutritional vulnerability and treatment tolerance rather than as a validated clinical biomarker or therapeutic target in PDAC. A clinically responsible framework should distinguish what is actionable now-nutrition screening, PEI management, inflammation and frailty assessment, body-composition evaluation, and treatment-exposure monitoring-from what remains investigational, including microbiome profiling, microbial signatures, probiotics, prebiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation, and metabolite-guided intervention.},
}

@article {pmid42650087,
year = {2026},
author = {Kefala, V and Oikonomou, E and Sfyri, E and Grech, VS and Tertipi, N and Andreou, E and Rallis, E},
title = {Genetic, Lipid, Fungal Microbiome and Neuroinflammatory Links Between Seborrheic Dermatitis and Parkinson's Disease: A Narrative Review.},
journal = {Genes},
volume = {17},
number = {8},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/genes17080894},
pmid = {42650087},
issn = {2073-4425},
support = {//Hellenic Atherosclerosis Society/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *Parkinson Disease/genetics/microbiology/metabolism/pathology ; *Dermatitis, Seborrheic/genetics/microbiology/metabolism/complications/pathology ; *Neuroinflammatory Diseases/genetics/microbiology/metabolism ; Skin Microbiome ; alpha-Synuclein/genetics/metabolism ; Skin/microbiology/pathology ; Leucine-Rich Repeat Serine-Threonine Protein Kinase-2/genetics ; },
abstract = {Background: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder with a well- documented prodromal phase during which non-motor symptoms appear years before motor onset. Seborrheic dermatitis (SD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease that is significantly more prevalent in PD patients than in the general population. The biological mechanisms underlying this association have not been integrated into a single framework. Objectives: This narrative review aims to synthesise the available evidence on the molecular, genetic, and pathophysiological mechanisms linking SD and PD. Methods: A literature search was conducted across PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus and ScienceDirect, supplemented by manual searches in OMIM and GeneCards. Results: Four major biological links between SD and PD have been proposed. First, alpha-synuclein deposits are detectable in cutaneous nerve fibres and autonomic fibres innervating sebaceous glands in PD patients and their pattern has been associated with disease subtype and progression. Second, dysfunction in ceramide and sphingolipid metabolism, associated with variants in GBA1, LRRK2, and ZNF750, has been linked to impaired lysosomal function and skin barrier integrity in both brain and skin tissue. Third, Malassezia, a commonly associated organism and possible trigger in susceptible hosts, produces metabolites that activate neuroinflammatory pathways relevant to PD and PD patients show altered Malassezia species composition on their skin. Fourth, NLRP3 inflammasome activation, which can be triggered by ceramide accumulation and fungal metabolites, has been proposed as a shared inflammatory mechanism that may operate in both keratinocytes and dopaminergic neurons. Conclusions: SD and PD appear to share overlapping genetic, lipidomic, microbial, and neuroinflammatory features. These associations are consistent with, but do not yet prove, a common pathological basis rather than a coincidental one. SD may therefore represent a potential prodromal feature or risk marker of PD. Future research should examine whether targeted intervention in high-risk SD patients can delay or modify PD onset.},
}

Humans
*Parkinson Disease/genetics/microbiology/metabolism/pathology
*Dermatitis, Seborrheic/genetics/microbiology/metabolism/complications/pathology
*Neuroinflammatory Diseases/genetics/microbiology/metabolism
Skin Microbiome
alpha-Synuclein/genetics/metabolism
Skin/microbiology/pathology
Leucine-Rich Repeat Serine-Threonine Protein Kinase-2/genetics

@article {pmid42650124,
year = {2026},
author = {De Alcaraz-Fossoul, J and Sawyer, SJ},
title = {Temporal Dynamics of Latent Fingerprint Microbiomes: A First Step to Decoding Crime Evidence.},
journal = {Genes},
volume = {17},
number = {8},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/genes17080931},
pmid = {42650124},
issn = {2073-4425},
support = {//University of New Haven/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *Dermatoglyphics ; *Microbiota/genetics ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics ; Skin Microbiome ; Crime ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Latent fingerprints (LFs) have been a cornerstone of forensic identification through conventional friction ridge pattern analysis; however, the microbial communities they harbor remain a largely untapped source of information. Estimation of the time-since-deposition (TsDp) of LFs is still an unresolved challenge in forensic science, as existing 2D and 3D imaging methodologies provide limited temporal resolution. This study investigated whether temporal shifts in LF-associated microbiota could potentially complement dating approaches via genetic analyses.

METHODS: LFs were collected from two healthy donors from both hands, pre- and post-hand washing, across three time points spanning 192 h (8 days) under monitored, but uncontrolled, indoor conditions. LF friction ridges were optically examined via 2D and 3D imaging, while microbial communities were characterized by 16S rRNA gene sequencing targeting the V3-V4 region. Microbial profiles were analyzed to distinguish temporally stable core microbiota from transient taxa (alpha and beta diversity) and to statistically identify microbial panels associated with donor, handedness, hand-washing status, and/or temporal succession.

RESULTS: A stable core microbiota, dominated by Actinobacteria and Bacilli, persisted across donors, handedness, hand-washing status, and time points. Transient low-abundance taxa, including Nitriliruptoria and Phycisphaerae, exhibited temporal fluctuations influenced by donor characteristics, hand-washing status, and post-deposition interval. Upon excluding time-invariant stable taxa, donor-specific biological profiles comprising 32 and 28 class-rank taxa were selected for each donor, revealing individualized patterns of microbial dynamics.

CONCLUSIONS: LF-associated microbiomes contain both stable and temporally dynamic taxa, with the potential to provide personalized biological information for TsDp estimation. These preliminary findings contribute to the molecular toolkit of forensic microbiomics by laying the foundation for prospective multimodal models integrating LF microbial and topographical data to improve the temporal interpretation of crime evidence touched by bare hands. Further validation with broader donor cohorts and environmental conditions are essential before operational forensic implementation.},
}

Humans
*Dermatoglyphics
*Microbiota/genetics
RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics
Skin Microbiome
Crime

@article {pmid42650177,
year = {2026},
author = {Liu, Z and He, M and Xie, W and Hou, S and Han, L and Yang, C and Yuan, Z and Gui, L and Sun, S},
title = {Effect of Dietary Nitrogen-to-Sulfur Ratio on Rumen Microbiota, Metabolites, and Ruminal Antioxidant Status in Tibetan Sheep.},
journal = {Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {15},
number = {8},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/antiox15080913},
pmid = {42650177},
issn = {2076-3921},
support = {2022NK169-1//Science and Technology Department of Qinghai Province/ ; },
abstract = {Optimizing the dietary nitrogen-to-sulfur (N:S) ratio is crucial for enhancing ruminal microbial fermentation and nutrient digestibility. This study investigated the effects of different dietary N:S ratios on ruminal antioxidant indices, digestive enzyme activities, immune parameters, volatile fatty acid (VFA) profiles, microbial communities, and metabolomic profiles in plateau-type Tibetan sheep. Ninety 2-month-old male Tibetan sheep (initial body weight, 15.55 ± 0.20 kg) were randomly assigned to three dietary treatments formulated with N:S ratios of 9.5:1 (HP-H), 8.5:1 (HP-M), and 7.5:1 (HP-L). Sheep fed the HP-H diet exhibited improved ruminal antioxidant indices compared with the other treatments, with CAT and T-AOC activities being higher than those of both the HP-M and HP-L groups, while SOD and GSH-Px activities were significantly higher only compared with those in the HP-L (p < 0.05). Furthermore, ruminal cellulase activity, as well as propionate and butyrate levels, were significantly higher in the HP-H group (p < 0.05). Microbiome analysis revealed that the HP-H diet enriched the relative abundances of Candidatus Saccharimonas, the Rikenellaceae RC9 gut group, and uncultured rumen bacteria. Correspondingly, untargeted metabolomics identified higher signal intensities of 3-hydroxyphenylacetic acid, nervonic acid, arachidonic acid (peroxide-free), and calciferol in the ruminal fluid of the HP-H group relative to the other treatments. In conclusion, when the nitrogen-to-sulfur ratio was 9.5:1, ruminal antioxidant enzyme activities were increased, and the concentrations of propionic acid and butyric acid were increased. The differential microorganisms and metabolites were mainly associated with lipid metabolism, as well as cofactor and vitamin metabolism.},
}

@article {pmid42650215,
year = {2026},
author = {Concetta, SM and Cinzia, L and Giulia, Z and Caterina, L and Gaetano, I and Nicolò, M and Angela, TS},
title = {Functional Foods and Micro- and Nanoplastics: Advances in Precision Nutritional Medicine for Oral-Gut-Brain Axis Health.},
journal = {Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {15},
number = {8},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/antiox15080951},
pmid = {42650215},
issn = {2076-3921},
abstract = {Microplastics and nanoplastics (MNPs) are emerging environmental pollutants due to their persistence and bodily accumulation. Recently, functional foods have received much attention for their ability to reverse or block MNP damage for therapeutic purposes and the potential risk of developing oral-gut-brain axis disorders. Among these, artichoke, spirulina algae, Opuntia ficus-indica, pterostilbene, hydroxycinnamic acids, and quinic acid are rich sources of polyphenols. These bioactive ingredients, especially when combined with probiotics and prebiotics, exhibit significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential by activating nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling and cellular resilience enzymes. Nrf2 activation enhances cellular resilience response, and it may preserve oral epithelial barrier (OEB), intestinal epithelial barrier (IEB), and blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity, while modulating oral pathogens, gut microbial dysbiosis, and neuroinflammatory processes. However, most of the available evidence supporting these mechanisms derives from in vitro and animal studies, whereas clinical evidence in humans remains limited. Perturbations of Nrf2 due to circulating MNPs may exacerbate selective susceptibility to oral, gut, and nervous system disorders, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Although these findings are biologically plausible, the causal relationships and their clinical relevance have not yet been fully established. This review discusses the role of functional foods in maintaining oral-gut-brain health through Nrf2-mediated mechanisms that may mitigate MNP-induced inflammation and reactive oxygen species (ROS). The review also examines emerging concepts in precision nutritional medicine, including individual variability in dietary responses, microbiome-related factors, and future personalized strategies for populations exposed to MNPs. Finally, current knowledge gaps, the scarcity of human studies, and the challenges in translating preclinical findings into clinical practice are highlighted, emphasizing the need for further translational and clinical research.},
}

@article {pmid42650281,
year = {2026},
author = {Gashi, N and Dávid, P and Mikolás, M and Fauszt, P and Gál, F and Rácz, C and Molnár, K and Stündl, L and Remenyik, J and Dobos, AC and Paholcsek, M},
title = {Land-Use and Depth-Dependent Assembly of Soil Microbiomes Shapes Ecological Functions, Interaction Networks, and Phytopathogenic Communities Across Crop and Orchard Systems.},
journal = {Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {15},
number = {8},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/antiox15081017},
pmid = {42650281},
issn = {2076-3921},
abstract = {Soil microorganisms are essential for nutrient cycling, plant productivity, and soil health, yet the relative importance of land-use and soil depth in shaping agricultural microbiomes remains poorly understood. This study investigated soil microbial communities across uncultivated land, alfalfa fields, crop systems (feed corn and sweet corn), and orchard systems (walnut and quince) in the Hajdúnánás region of Hungary using shotgun metagenomic sequencing and soil physicochemical analyses. Microbial alpha diversity showed limited variation among land-use systems but declined significantly with soil depth in both bacterial (Kruskal-Wallis, p = 0.00054) and fungal (p = 0.00051) communities. Beta diversity analyses identified soil depth as the primary driver of microbial community composition in both bacterial (R[2] = 0.305, p = 0.001) and fungal (R[2] = 0.277, p = 0.001) communities. In contrast, land-use significantly influenced only fungal community composition (R[2] = 0.250, p = 0.005). Fungal alpha diversity showed significant negative relationships with soil pH and CaCO3, whereas bacterial diversity exhibited only weak correlations. Crop soils contained the highest numbers of unique bacterial and fungal taxa. Functional analyses revealed significant differences in nutrient cycling, plant-growth-related, decomposition, and environmental adaptation functions among land-use systems. In crop soils, topsoil communities were enriched in oxidative stress-related pathways involved in reactive oxygen species detoxification (ROS), redox homeostasis, and stress regulation, whereas subsoil communities showed a greater representation of antioxidant metabolite production functions. Co-occurrence network analyses indicated greater connectivity in perennial systems, particularly alfalfa soils. Analyses of bacterial and fungal species with reported phytopathogenic potential identified stable cores of phytopathogenic species across agricultural systems, with soil pH emerging as the strongest environmental factor associated with the abundance of phytopathogenic species. Overall, soil depth was the primary driver of bacterial and fungal community assembly, whereas land-use primarily shaped fungal community composition and influenced ecological functions, microbial interaction networks, and the distribution of phytopathogenic species.},
}

@article {pmid42650301,
year = {2026},
author = {Yang, H and Wu, M and Huang, X and Cao, H and Cao, J and Sun, C and Wang, Y},
title = {Tissue-Specific Bioactive Metabolites and Antioxidant Activity in Minicitrus (Fortunella hindsii) and Responses to a Fruit-Associated Weissella Strain.},
journal = {Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {15},
number = {8},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/antiox15081037},
pmid = {42650301},
issn = {2076-3921},
support = {2026ZDXT02//Agricultural Major Technology Collaborative Promotion Program of Zhejiang Province/ ; 2026SNJF079//the Scientific and Technological Cooperation Project of the Agriculture and Rural Affairs Department of Zhejiang Province/ ; 2026YFHZ0239//the Science and Technology Program of Sichuan Province/ ; LHZSD24C150001//the Hangzhou Joint Fund of the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 2023YFD2300604//the National Key R&D Program of China/ ; U25A20688//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 226-2026-00062//the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities/ ; },
abstract = {Minicitrus (Fortunella hindsii) is a wild kumquat with potential nutritional and medicinal value, but its tissue-specific bioactive metabolites, antioxidant activity, and endophytes remain poorly characterized. Here, we integrated LC-MS profiling, HPLC quantification, chemical and cellular antioxidant assays, 16S rRNA gene sequencing, bacterial isolation, and treatment experiments across five tissues. Among all the metabolites determined by HPLC, 13 were quantified using authentic standards and 24 were semi-quantified as linarin equivalents. Leaves, stems, and fruits accumulated abundant flavone glycosides, with phloretin-3',5'-di-C-glucoside reaching 1823.19 ± 278.71 μg/g FW in leaves and 847.11 ± 27.28 μg/g FW in fruits, while roots and seeds showed distinct coumarin- and furanocoumarin-rich profiles, respectively. Leaf extracts showed the strongest chemical and cellular antioxidant activities, followed by fruit extracts. Isoorientin 2″-O-rhamnoside and diosmin exhibited strong chemical antioxidant capacity, and several flavone glycosides showed protective effects in cellular assays. Endophytic bacterial communities differed markedly among tissues, with fruit harboring a distinct community dominated by Weissella and Pantoea, which accounted for 65.64% and 19.13% of the relative abundance, respectively. Among two culturable fruit-associated isolates, Weissella sp. SJG-1 treatment was associated with 32.92-104.45% increases in six HPLC-quantified metabolites and higher antioxidant activity of fruit extracts. These findings highlight minicitrus as a source of bioactive metabolites and suggest a potential association between fruit-associated bacteria and fruit functional properties.},
}

@article {pmid42650318,
year = {2026},
author = {Patel, HR and Pammi, M},
title = {Current Evidence, Controversies, and the Future of Biotics in the Prevention of Necrotizing Enterocolitis: A Narrative Review.},
journal = {Children (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {13},
number = {8},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/children13080978},
pmid = {42650318},
issn = {2227-9067},
abstract = {Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) remains one of the most devastating gastrointestinal disorders affecting preterm infants, with substantial mortality and long-term morbidity despite advances in neonatal care. Increasing evidence implicates intestinal dysbiosis, impaired intestinal barrier function, and dysregulated immune responses as central drivers of NEC pathogenesis, making microbiome-targeted interventions a promising preventive strategy. Collectively termed "biotics," these interventions include probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, and postbiotics, each aimed at modulating the developing gut ecosystem. This narrative review summarizes current evidence on the efficacy, safety, and clinical applicability of biotics for NEC prevention in very preterm and very-low-birth-weight infants. Randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses involving more than 10,000 infants demonstrate that specific multi-strain probiotic formulations, particularly those combining Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium species, reduce NEC incidence and all-cause mortality, although benefits are less consistent in extremely low-birth-weight infants. Prebiotics alone showed a limited impact on NEC prevention, while emerging evidence suggests synbiotics may offer additive or superior protection compared with probiotics alone. Postbiotics represent a novel and potentially safer alternative, especially for the most vulnerable infants, though clinical data remain limited. Despite favorable effectiveness in meta-analyses, probiotics adoption remains variable due to strain heterogeneity, variable product quality, regulatory challenges, and rare but serious safety concerns. Precision microbiome approaches, pharmaceutical-grade formulations, personalized therapies informed by multi-omics profiling, and next-generation delivery systems may drive the future in this field.},
}

@article {pmid42650356,
year = {2026},
author = {Matera, M and Cavecchia, I and Illiceto, MT and Morandin, M and Lenzi, MB and D'Ambrosio, T and Biagioli, V},
title = {Bridging Microbiota Science and Clinical Practice in Pediatric Healthcare: A National Survey.},
journal = {Children (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {13},
number = {8},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/children13081016},
pmid = {42650356},
issn = {2227-9067},
abstract = {The human microbiota is increasingly recognized as a key contributor to pediatric and perinatal health. However, little is known about healthcare professionals' preparedness to integrate microbiota-related concepts into routine pediatric and perinatal care. Methods: A cross-sectional online survey was conducted among Italian healthcare professionals involved in pediatric and perinatal care. The questionnaire explored microbiota-related training, self-perceived knowledge, attitudes, clinical practices, microbiota-testing-related approaches, and educational needs. Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were performed. Results: A total of 441 participants were included in the final analysis. Participants expressed highly positive attitudes toward the clinical relevance of the microbiota, particularly regarding maternal-fetal programming, neonatal development, preventive medicine, and microbiota education. Self-perceived knowledge was generally higher for basic microbiota concepts and neonatal microbiota development, whereas lower confidence emerged for microbiota-related clinical applications, counseling competencies, and critical interpretation of scientific evidence. Significant variability in microbiota-related knowledge scores emerged across professional backgrounds and healthcare settings (p < 0.001). Previous microbiota-related training was independently associated with higher self-perceived knowledge scores and greater integration of microbiota-oriented approaches into clinical practice. Use of probiotics was reported by 72.6% of participants, whereas microbiota-related diagnostic tests were routinely used by 32.9%. Overall, 91.8% of respondents expressed interest in further microbiota-related education. Conclusions: Healthcare professionals involved in pediatric and perinatal care recognize the growing clinical relevance of microbiota science but report heterogeneous levels of translational preparedness and clinical confidence. Microbiota-related training emerged as a key factor associated with greater preparedness and implementation in clinical practice, highlighting the need for structured multidisciplinary educational pathways and evidence-based integration of microbiome science into pediatric healthcare.},
}

@article {pmid42650391,
year = {2026},
author = {Baghdadi, ZD},
title = {Evidence Drift in Early Childhood Caries Research: A Conceptual Six-Domain Causal-Translation Framework.},
journal = {Children (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {13},
number = {8},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/children13081053},
pmid = {42650391},
issn = {2227-9067},
abstract = {BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Early childhood caries (ECC) is a common, preventable, and socially patterned disease, yet the literature on ECC is vulnerable not only to limitations in evidence generation but also to errors in evidence translation. This conceptual framework paper focuses on evidence translation rather than estimating a new treatment effect.

METHODS: Literature and framework development were informed by targeted narrative searches of PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, with an emphasis on ECC literature from 2010 onward and foundational methodological sources. Sources were purposively retained if they clarified an evidentiary domain, a cross-domain bridge, or a competing interpretation; priority was given to systematic reviews, trials, longitudinal and causal studies, natural experiments, clinical guidance, and implementation evaluations. No pooled effect estimates were produced.

RESULTS: Evidence drift is the movement of a finding into a stronger or different claim without adequate bridging evidence. The proposed framework comprises association, mechanism, causation, consequence, disease control, and policy implementation, with commercial and structural determinants operating as a cross-cutting upstream layer. It classifies the inference advanced rather than study design alone and permits primary and secondary domain tags. A four-question test asks whether the research question and conclusion occupy the same domain, what bridge supports the movement, and whether uncertainty is retained. Five trajectories illustrate the framework: vitamin D, dental rehabilitation under general anesthesia, oral microbiome research, silver diamine fluoride (SDF), and sugar taxation. In the SDF case, lesion-arrest evidence is explicitly separated from the still-unproven implementation hypothesis that endpoint-only pathways may create differential standards of care.

CONCLUSIONS: The original contribution is an integrated vocabulary, decision procedure, and validation agenda for ECC evidence appraisal. The framework generates three prespecified, testable hypotheses: (1) trained raters will classify claims with reproducible inter-rater agreement (kappa ≥ 0.70); (2) claims judged to contain evidence drift will be significantly less likely than domain-concordant claims to include an explicit bridge; and (3) using the structured framework will improve the transparency and proportionality of reviews compared with usual appraisal. Prospective testing of content and construct validity, as well as practical utility, in peer review, guideline development, education, and policy evaluation is required before standardized implementation.},
}

@article {pmid42650529,
year = {2026},
author = {Ye, S and Piao, C and Huang, H and Wu, J and Jiang, C and Song, Y},
title = {Chemical Diversity and Microbial Complexity of Liupao Tea Aroma: A Comprehensive Review.},
journal = {Foods (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {15},
number = {16},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/foods15162832},
pmid = {42650529},
issn = {2304-8158},
abstract = {Liupao tea (LPT), one of China's representative fermented dark teas, develops its unique "red, heavy, aged, and mellow" flavor characteristics. This review provides a comprehensive update on LPT aroma, integrating analyses of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), associated microorganisms, odor-active compounds (OACs), and metabolic pathways of key odor-active compounds (KOACs). With over 2000 VOCs documented, predominated by alcohols (368), hydrocarbons (357), and ketones (351), the total for LPT substantially exceeds the approximately 1000 compounds typically reported for other dark teas. By combining sensory evaluation with techniques such as gas chromatography-olfactometry (GC-O) and odor activity value (OAV), KOACs, predominantly comprising alcohols, aldehydes, and methoxybenzene derivatives, were identified as key contributors to the floral, fruity, aged, stale and other notes that define LPT's characteristic aroma. The formation of the aroma compounds is closely linked to microbial metabolism and the enzymatic activities generated by microorganisms. Fungi, including Aspergillus, Rhodotorula, Geosmithia, Wallemia, Penicillium, Blastobotrys, Fusarium, and Xeromyces, and bacteria, including Burkholderia, Ralstonia, and Achromobacter, serve as the primary functional microorganisms driving fermentation and aging. This review provides a comprehensive framework for understanding the chemical and microbial complexity of LPT aroma.},
}

@article {pmid42650566,
year = {2026},
author = {Bai, W and Li, M and Ding, B and Hu, M and An, Y and Xie, H and Wen, Q and Chen, L and Zhao, L},
title = {Konjac Glucomannan: From Molecular Architecture to Translational Applications-A Critical Review of Structure-Function Relationships, Emerging Biomedical Frontiers, and Industrial Challenges.},
journal = {Foods (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {15},
number = {16},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/foods15162872},
pmid = {42650566},
issn = {2304-8158},
support = {255101610001//the 2025 Henan Province Science and Technology R&D Program Joint Fund (Industrial Category) Major Project/ ; },
abstract = {Konjac glucomannan (KGM) is a plant-derived polysaccharide with a long history of food use and a rapidly expanding portfolio of biomedical applications. Yet despite decades of research, translation of KGM-based materials from laboratory proof-of-concept to clinical and commercial products remains slow, hampered by unresolved structural controversies, batch-to-batch variability, and a lack of quantitative design rules. This review provides a critical, mechanism-focused analysis of KGM across its molecular architecture, extraction and modification, and translational applications, moving beyond cataloguing uses to evaluate conflicting findings in the literature. We examine how hierarchical structural features-molecular weight, acetylation pattern, and chain topology-govern solution behavior, gelation, and biological performance, and compare KGM with competing biopolymers to define its unique advantages and inherent limitations. Current progress in colon-targeted delivery, wound healing, microbiome modulation, and metabolic health is synthesized, and persistent barriers to translation are evaluated, including the absence of quantitative structure-activity models, limited human pharmacokinetic data, and incomplete toxicological characterization of modified derivatives. We also address longstanding debates over branching frequency, acetylation distribution, and dose-response relationships that have generated inconsistent results across studies. Finally, we outline a research agenda integrating computational polymer design, multi-omics mechanistic studies, and precision nutrition to support development of next-generation KGM biomaterials.},
}

@article {pmid42650625,
year = {2026},
author = {Miulescu, RG and Mușetescu, A and Marin, RC and Muntean, C and Moleriu, RD and Pavel, AN and Roșca, I and Dinică, L and Ilici, A and Coman, OA},
title = {Individualized Nutritional and Microbiome-Oriented Management of Food Allergy-Associated Atopic Dermatitis in Children: A Prospective Real-World Observational Cohort Study.},
journal = {Foods (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {15},
number = {16},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/foods15162931},
pmid = {42650625},
issn = {2304-8158},
abstract = {Atopic dermatitis (AD) and food allergy frequently coexist during early childhood and are increasingly linked through interactions within the gut-skin axis. We evaluated the clinical outcomes of an integrated nutritional and microbiome-oriented management strategy in children with food allergy-associated AD under real-world conditions. This prospective, two-center, real-world observational cohort study included 85 children (median age, 11 months) with AD diagnosed according to the Hanifin-Rajka criteria and confirmed IgE- and/or non-IgE-mediated food allergy. Participants received individualized nutritional and microbiome-oriented management comprising elimination diets, conventional topical therapy, microbiome-directed interventions, and nutritional supplementation tailored to their clinical, allergological, and microbiological profile. Disease severity was assessed using the Scoring Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD) index at baseline and after approximately 1 and 3 months of follow-up. Cow's milk, egg, and wheat were the predominant food allergens, and 69.4% of children were polyallergic. SCORAD decreased significantly during follow-up, with a mean relative reduction of 51.6% and 63.5% of participants achieving a SCORAD50 response. Food allergy burden independently predicted baseline disease severity, whereas documented gut dysbiosis was associated with polyallergy and greater absolute clinical improvement, although this association lost statistical significance after adjustment for baseline disease severity and should therefore not be interpreted as a favorable prognostic effect of dysbiosis. Baseline SCORAD remained the strongest independent predictor of clinical improvement. Integrated nutritional and microbiome-oriented management was associated with substantial clinical improvement and may represent a valuable adjunct to standard care in children with food allergy-associated AD. Because of the observational, uncontrolled design, these findings describe associations rather than causal treatment effects. These findings support further evaluation of personalized nutritional strategies in randomized controlled trials.},
}

@article {pmid42650632,
year = {2026},
author = {Agustin, M and Hadinata, E and Harbuwono, DS and Trixie, H and Santini, A and Nurkolis, F},
title = {Fruits, Vegetables, and Legumes: Harnessing the Gut-Kidney Axis in Hypertensive Chronic Kidney Disease.},
journal = {Foods (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {15},
number = {16},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/foods15162938},
pmid = {42650632},
issn = {2304-8158},
abstract = {Hypertension is the most common comorbidity in chronic kidney disease (CKD), affecting roughly 80-85% of patients overall and an even higher proportion in nondialysis CKD G3-G5. This narrative review examines whether, and under what clinical conditions, fruits, vegetables, and legumes can be used safely in adults with hypertensive CKD, especially nondialysis CKD G3-G5, as well as moderate to severe loss of kidney function, paying close attention to the gut microbiota, short-chain fatty acids, gut-derived uremic toxins, potassium bioavailability, and modifiable clinical risk factors. The clinical effect of plant foods on serum potassium cannot be predicted from total potassium content alone. The Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) 2024 guidelines explicitly advise individualized potassium management and emphasize limiting foods rich in bioavailable potassium, especially processed foods, rather than reflexively restricting fruits and vegetables. Across CKD studies, the association between dietary potassium and serum potassium is weak or inconsistent, and the risk of hyperkalemia is modified by kidney function, bowel function, metabolic acidosis, diabetes and hyperglycemia, medications, food processing, and the food matrix itself. Potassium bioavailability varies substantially according to the food matrix, preparation method, portion size, and processing method; some minimally processed plant foods may provide less readily absorbable potassium than potassium-rich processed foods, juices, or potassium additives. Fruits, vegetables, and legumes also provide fiber, resistant starch, and polyphenols that can support saccharolytic fermentation, short-chain fatty acid production, bowel transit, and lower concentrations of some gut-derived uremic toxins. However, blood-pressure and kidney-outcome benefits in CKD are supported more strongly by observational and selected alkali-diet trials than by large microbiome-focused randomized studies. In hypertensive CKD, fruits, vegetables, and legumes should not be universally restricted simply because they contain potassium. A safer and more evidence-aligned strategy is individualized, food-source-aware prescribing that prioritizes minimally processed plant foods, accounts for preparation method and portion size, corrects constipation and acidosis, reviews potassium-raising medications and additives, and monitors serum potassium according to baseline risk.},
}

@article {pmid42650652,
year = {2026},
author = {Toma, EA and Enciu, O and Matache, IM and Porosnicu, AL and Calu, V and Miron, A and Delawan, M and Bydon, M and Popa, MI},
title = {Novel Therapeutic Approaches and Alternatives to Antibiotic Therapy for Drug-Resistant Intra-Abdominal Infections.},
journal = {Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {15},
number = {8},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/antibiotics15080727},
pmid = {42650652},
issn = {2079-6382},
abstract = {Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) among pathogens involved in intra-abdominal infections (IAIs) represents a critical and escalating clinical challenge. The interconnected nature of antimicrobial resistance, spanning human medicine, veterinary practice, agricultural use and environmental reservoirs, has required coordinated international responses based on the 'One Health' principle. This study presents an update on efforts underway worldwide to develop new antibiotics, novel combined antimicrobial agents, and alternatives to classic therapies for IAIs. New antibiotics or compounds with antibacterial activity are currently in various stages of clinical trials, including several fluoroquinolones, beta-lactamase inhibitors, and polymyxin analogues. To reduce the risk of bacterial resistance, various additions to antimicrobial treatments are being explored, such as nanoparticles (NPs), antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), bacteriophages, the CRISPR/Cas system, and probiotics. Each modality offers distinct mechanisms that circumvent established resistance pathways, including multi-target membrane disruption, sequence-specific gene editing, and microbiome restoration. Current preclinical and clinical evidence is synthesized, and key translational barriers, including delivery challenges, safety concerns, regulatory complexity, and the need for IAI-specific pharmacokinetic data are critically examined. In conclusion, the convergence of novel antibiotic agents and non-traditional antimicrobial strategies reviewed herein provides the foundation for a new paradigm in the management of drug-resistant IAIs. The transition from a monotherapy-centric approach to an integrated, multi-modal treatment framework, guided by rapid diagnostics and informed by antimicrobial stewardship, will be essential to preserve therapeutic efficacy against AMR threats of the coming decades.},
}

@article {pmid42650664,
year = {2026},
author = {Dittmer, M and Liegenfeld, SC and Krueger, N and Geffken, M and Delle Coste, A and Schoeller, C and Alio, I and Streit, WR and Stuermer, EK},
title = {Interkingdom Biofilms in Chronic Wounds: The Collaboration of Candida albicans and Staphylococcus aureus Against Conventional Wound Antiseptics in a Wound-like Leucocyte-Rich Human Plasma Biofilm Model (lhBIOM).},
journal = {Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {15},
number = {8},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/antibiotics15080739},
pmid = {42650664},
issn = {2079-6382},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Chronic wounds are frequently associated with biofilms, in which not only bacterial but also fungal pathogens can impair wound healing. Among the most relevant opportunistic pathogens is Staphylococcus aureus; together with Candida albicans, both are part of the human skin microbiome but can also colonize chronic wounds. Interkingdom biofilms formed by these microorganisms have been shown to exacerbate the course of diseases compared to infections caused by either species alone.

METHODS: To address the limited number of studies examining fungal-bacterial interactions in wound environments, leucocyte-rich human plasma biofilm models (lhBIOMs) inoculated with S. aureus and C. albicans were prepared. The efficacy of the commonly used clinical antiseptics octenidine dihydrochloride/phenoxyethanol (OCT/PE) and polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB) was examined using the quantitative suspension method (QSM). In addition, spatial distribution and morphology of the microorganisms within this biofilm model were analyzed by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM).

RESULTS: In this study, the presence of S. aureus triggered an increase in the formation of filamentation of C. albicans in contrast to the single-species biofilm. In addition, treatment with the tested antimicrobial agents was effective against C. albicans after repetitive applications and showed a clear reduction against S. aureus. Furthermore, the quantitative analysis of the co-culture revealed increased growth of S. aureus in the control culture compared to the single-species model.

CONCLUSIONS: These findings highlight the pathogenic relevance of interkingdom biofilms in chronic wounds and emphasize the importance of effective species-independent antimicrobial treatment strategies.},
}

@article {pmid42650669,
year = {2026},
author = {Tomemori, R and Araki-Sasaki, K and Kanagawa, T and Ohnaka, M and Hisatsune, J and Higasa, K and Imai, H},
title = {Association Between Repeated Prophylactic Antimicrobial Eye Drop Use and Reduced Antimicrobial Susceptibility in Conjunctival and Nasal Commensal Bacteria.},
journal = {Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {15},
number = {8},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/antibiotics15080744},
pmid = {42650669},
issn = {2079-6382},
support = {22K09802//KAKENHI/ ; },
abstract = {Background/Objectives: The objective of this study was to clarify changes in the antimicrobial susceptibility of commensal bacteria in the conjunctival sac and nasal cavity associated with repeated use of prophylactic antimicrobial eye drops during intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor injections. Methods: Patients were divided into Group A, comprising 21 patients before the first use of prophylactic antimicrobial eye drops, and Group B, comprising 26 patients after receiving 20 or more injections. Minimum inhibitory concentration and susceptibility testing were performed on bacteria isolated from the conjunctival sac and nasal cavity using cefmenoxime, ceftazidime, levofloxacin, gatifloxacin, and moxifloxacin. Genetic mutations in the quinolone resistance-determining region of Staphylococcus epidermidis, phylogenetic relationships, and the nasal microbiome were also analyzed. Results:Corynebacterium, S. epidermidis, and Cutibacterium acnes were detected in both sites. In Group B, S. epidermidis and Corynebacterium showed reduced susceptibility to quinolones, whereas C. acnes did not. GyrA_S84 and ParC_S80 mutation rates in S. epidermidis were higher in Group B than in Group A. Among the patients with quinolone-resistant S. epidermidis isolated from both sites, 4 out of 10 patients had paired conjunctival and nasal isolates with the same ST type, suggesting that isolates from the two anatomical sites may be genetically related. The nasal microbiome α- and β-diversity did not differ significantly between groups, although exploratory LEfSe analysis suggested candidate taxon-level differences. Conclusions: Repeated prophylactic use of antibiotic eye drops was associated with reduced susceptibility in both the conjunctival sac and nasal cavity.},
}

@article {pmid42650697,
year = {2026},
author = {Ismaiel, A and Almonajjed, MB and Abdelghafar, A and Wardeh, M and Grad, S and Surdea-Blaga, T and Popa, SL and Ismaiel, M and Abosheisha, M and Krauss, AF and Grama, P and Bataga, S and Dumitrascu, DL},
title = {The Cost of the Cure: Antibiotic Exposure as a Risk Factor for Irritable Bowel Syndrome.},
journal = {Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {15},
number = {8},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/antibiotics15080772},
pmid = {42650697},
issn = {2079-6382},
abstract = {The intricate interplay between the gut microbiome and the enteric nervous system remains a paramount focus in understanding the multifactorial pathogenesis of disorders of gut-brain interaction (DGBI), most notably irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). While the clinical entity of post-infectious IBS is well-established, the independent, long-term pathophysiological impact of iatrogenic antibiotic exposure is garnering critical attention within neurogastroenterology. This narrative review provides a comprehensive synthesis of current epidemiological and mechanistic evidence positioning antibiotic-induced microbial depletion as a potential predisposing factor for incident IBS. By evaluating recent literature, we highlight epidemiological trends demonstrating a consistent, dose-dependent relationship between cumulative antibiotic courses, particularly broad-spectrum agents, and an elevated risk of developing IBS, independent of prior acute enteric infections. Furthermore, we explore the mechanistic underpinnings of this association, focusing on how systemic antibiotics induce persistent, detrimental alterations in commensal diversity. This resulting dysbiosis initiates a proposed cascade of downstream consequences, including compromised epithelial barrier integrity, persistent low-grade mucosal inflammation, and altered bile acid metabolism. These localized disruptions serve as established triggers for visceral hypersensitivity and dysregulated gastrointestinal motility communicated via the gut-brain axis. Ultimately, this review underscores that antibiotic exposure may act as a significant, modifiable risk factor for IBS pathogenesis. Recognizing this substantial iatrogenic risk reinforces an urgent clinical imperative for stringent antimicrobial stewardship and emphasizes the necessity for future research directed toward prophylactic, microbiome-sparing strategies to mitigate the escalating global burden of DGBIs.},
}

@article {pmid42650708,
year = {2026},
author = {Goroftei, L and Popescu, CM and Profir, I and Jalba, GA and Gurau, G},
title = {Biofilm-Mediated Antimicrobial Resistance in Pediatric Klebsiella pneumoniae Urinary Tract Infections: A Narrative Review of Mechanisms, Clinical Challenges, and Therapeutic Strategies.},
journal = {Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {15},
number = {8},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/antibiotics15080783},
pmid = {42650708},
issn = {2079-6382},
abstract = {Urinary tract infections (UTIs) caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae are an increasing challenge in pediatric practice due to the combined effects of biofilm formation, multidrug resistance (MDR), and limited therapeutic options for children. Biofilm development promotes bacterial persistence by impairing antibiotic penetration, enabling metabolic adaptation, promoting persister-cell formation, facilitating horizontal gene transfer (HGT), and inducing stress-induced mutagenesis, thereby reducing the effectiveness of conventional antimicrobial therapy. These mechanisms are further compounded by pediatric-specific challenges, including age-dependent pharmacokinetic variability, congenital urinary tract abnormalities, device-associated infections, and the limited availability of validated diagnostic tools for biofilm-associated infections. This narrative review integrates current knowledge of the molecular mechanisms underlying biofilm-mediated antimicrobial resistance with the unique diagnostic, pharmacological, and therapeutic challenges encountered in pediatric patients with K. pneumoniae UTIs. Emerging therapeutic strategies, such as optimized antibiotic combination therapy, bacteriophages, biofilm matrix-degrading enzymes, quorum-sensing inhibitors (QSIs), antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), and microbiome-directed approaches are critically evaluated with particular emphasis on their potential applicability in children. Although several anti-biofilm strategies have demonstrated encouraging results in experimental models, robust pediatric clinical evidence remains scarce. Current international guidelines continue to rely primarily on planktonic antimicrobial susceptibility testing without addressing biofilm-specific therapeutic considerations. In the absence of validated biofilm diagnostics, catheter stewardship and dosing optimization remain the most defensible clinical interventions available today. Broader translation of anti-biofilm strategies into pediatric practice will require dedicated pharmacokinetic studies, standardized biofilm diagnostics, and prospective clinical trials.},
}

@article {pmid42650724,
year = {2026},
author = {Nazir, A and Bava, P and Hussain, A and Amna, T and Chand Jamali, M and Raza, A and Barasarathi, J},
title = {Endophytic Fungal Metabolites as Modulators of Key Signaling Pathways in Chronic Diseases and Aging.},
journal = {Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {15},
number = {8},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/antibiotics15080799},
pmid = {42650724},
issn = {2079-6382},
support = {19300966.//Abu Dhabi University/ ; },
abstract = {Chronic diseases and aging-related disorders are driven by interconnected mechanisms, including oxidative stress, low-grade inflammation, metabolic dysregulation, and glycation. Targeting these overlapping pathways remains a major challenge for conventional single-target therapeutics. In this context, endophytic fungi have emerged as a promising source of bioactive metabolites with multi-target pharmacological potential. This review provides a mechanistic overview of endophyte-derived metabolites, including alkaloids, terpenoids, polyketides, and phenolic compounds, with a focus on their ability to modulate key signaling pathways such as NF-κB, Nrf2, PI3K/Akt, AMPK, and the AGE-RAGE axis. Evidence from experimental studies suggests that these metabolites exhibit anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and metabolic regulatory effects through coordinated modulation of cellular signaling networks. Several endophyte-derived metabolites also possess antimicrobial activity against bacterial and fungal pathogens and may represent a promising source of novel anti-infective agents. Their ability to modulate host immune responses and microbial-associated signaling pathways further highlights their relevance for antimicrobial discovery and microbiome-based therapeutic strategies. Particular attention is given to pathway-level convergence in chronic diseases, including cancer, diabetes, and inflammation-associated disorders, as well as their relevance to aging and health span. The pharmacological potential of these compounds is discussed alongside key limitations, including issues related to bioavailability, reproducibility, and translation into clinical applications. Overall, endophytic fungal metabolites represent a structurally diverse and mechanistically rich resource for the development of multi-target therapeutic strategies. Future integration of metabolomics, genome mining, and advanced disease models will be essential to bridge the gap between experimental findings and clinical application.},
}

@article {pmid42650760,
year = {2026},
author = {Xie, Y and Zhou, Z and Wu, X and Teng, J and Zhang, X and Sun, Y and Chen, L and Ding, L and Yuan, W},
title = {Unraveling Effects and Pharmacological Mechanisms of Phellodendrine on Inflammatory Bowel Disease.},
journal = {Biomolecules},
volume = {16},
number = {8},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/biom16081092},
pmid = {42650760},
issn = {2218-273X},
support = {2024QL063//Ningbo youth science and technology innovation leading project/ ; 20212BAB215001//Natural Science Foundation Project of Jiangxi Province/ ; Q20231610//Educational Commission of Hubei Province of China/ ; 2022Y14//Research Project of Wuhan Polytechnic University/ ; YJG-2023-06//Degree and Graduate Education Reform Research Project of Gannan Normal University/ ; CX220078//Gannan Normal University Training Program of Innovation and Entrepreneurship for Undergraduates/ ; CX230078//Gannan Normal University Training Program of Innovation and Entrepreneurship for Undergraduates/ ; CX240100//Gannan Normal University Training Program of Innovation and Entrepreneurship for Undergraduates/ ; CX240113//Gannan Normal University Training Program of Innovation and Entrepreneurship for Undergraduates/ ; YCXJ25-B23//Special Fundfor Graduate Student Innovation Gannan Normal University/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; Zebrafish ; *Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/drug therapy/chemically induced/metabolism/pathology ; *Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacology ; Oxidative Stress/drug effects ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome/drug effects ; Intestinal Barrier Function ; Dextran Sulfate ; Disease Models, Animal ; Inflammation/drug therapy ; Quinolizines ; },
abstract = {Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. Current treatments, including anti-inflammatory drugs and biologics, often have limited efficacy and significant side effects, highlighting the need for novel therapeutic approaches. Phellodendrine (PHE) is a characteristic ingredient of Phellodendri chinensis, yet its effects and mechanisms on IBD remain elusive. The present study evaluated the potential of PHE for preventing dextran sulfate sodium-induced IBD in zebrafish. PHE effectively reduced inflammatory cell infiltration and modulated polarized macrophages. The qPCR results further confirmed the down-regulation of pro-inflammatory genes and up-regulation of anti-inflammatory factors. Consequently, PHE promoted the resolution of IBD inflammation. PHE also restored intestinal barrier integrity by enhancing MUC2 expression, increasing goblet cell counts, and reducing intestinal permeability of both chemical and physical barriers. In addition, PHE was associated with alterations in the gut microbiome, including a reduction in potentially pathogenic microbes and an increase in beneficial microbial populations. PHE also alleviated oxidative stress. Network pharmacology suggested the potential involvement of the IL-17 signaling pathway, the lipid and atherosclerosis pathway, and the TNF signaling pathway in the preventive effects of PHE against intestinal inflammation in the zebrafish model. In vivo gene expression analysis suggested that JUN, PTGS2, IL1B, DRD2, CALM1, and HSP90AA1 may serve as putative targets of PHE. Collectively, our results indicate that PHE demonstrates potential anti-inflammatory and barrier-protective activities in a zebrafish model of intestinal inflammation. The pharmacological mechanisms by which PHE restores intestinal barriers (microbial, chemical, physical, and immune barriers) include resolving inflammation, decreasing ROS production, and enhancing lipid accumulation in the lumen overlying the intestinal mucus barrier. This study provides novel insights into the preventive effects of PHE against intestinal inflammation in a zebrafish model, suggesting its potential as a candidate for further investigation.},
}

Animals
Zebrafish
*Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/drug therapy/chemically induced/metabolism/pathology
*Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacology
Oxidative Stress/drug effects
Gastrointestinal Microbiome/drug effects
Intestinal Barrier Function
Dextran Sulfate
Disease Models, Animal
Inflammation/drug therapy
Quinolizines

@article {pmid42650852,
year = {2026},
author = {He, Y and Gao, J and Li, Q and Zhang, C and Zhai, M and Liu, Y},
title = {Chronic Intermittent Hypoxia Disrupts Intestinal Homeostasis Through Gut Microbiota Remodeling and Microbiota-Metabolite Interactions.},
journal = {Biomolecules},
volume = {16},
number = {8},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/biom16081186},
pmid = {42650852},
issn = {2218-273X},
support = {82571143//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 2023ZZ02009//Shanghai Top Priority Research Center Program/ ; No. 2023YFC3605600//National Key Research and Development Program of China/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; Male ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; *Hypoxia/metabolism/microbiology ; Mice ; Homeostasis ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Intestinal Barrier Function ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics ; Intestinal Mucosa/metabolism ; Dysbiosis/metabolism/microbiology ; Feces/microbiology ; Metabolome ; Multiomics ; Akkermansia ; },
abstract = {Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is characterized by chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH), which contributes to systemic metabolic disorders. However, the mechanisms underlying CIH-induced intestinal dysfunction remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the effects of CIH on intestinal barrier integrity, gut microbiota, and host metabolism using a multi-omics approach. Male C57BL/6J mice were exposed to six weeks of CIH or normoxia. Colonic barrier integrity was assessed by histological and molecular analyses. Gut microbiota was profiled by full-length 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Untargeted metabolomics was performed on fecal and serum samples, followed by integrated microbiome-metabolome analysis. CIH markedly impaired colonic barrier integrity, as evidenced by disrupted crypt architecture, reduced goblet cell abundance, and decreased expression of ZO-1, Occludin, and Claudin-5. CIH also induced gut microbial dysbiosis, characterized by depletion of the beneficial mucin-associated bacterium Akkermansia muciniphila and enrichment of several anaerobic taxa. Metabolomic analysis revealed opposite alterations of PC (20:2/0:0) and LysoPE (20:5/0:0) between feces and serum, whereas melatonin was consistently decreased in both compartments. Integrated multi-omics analysis further revealed close associations between microbial dysbiosis and metabolic remodeling. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that CIH disrupts intestinal homeostasis through coordinated alterations in barrier integrity, gut microbiota composition, and host metabolism, providing new insights into the intestinal mechanisms underlying OSA-associated systemic dysfunction.},
}

Animals
Male
*Gastrointestinal Microbiome
*Hypoxia/metabolism/microbiology
Mice
Homeostasis
Mice, Inbred C57BL
Intestinal Barrier Function
RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics
Intestinal Mucosa/metabolism
Dysbiosis/metabolism/microbiology
Feces/microbiology
Metabolome
Multiomics
Akkermansia

@article {pmid42650868,
year = {2026},
author = {Rakhimbayeva, Z and Mussayev, A and Oshibayeva, A and Nuskabayeva, G and Kyrykbayeva, S and Begimbekova, L and Khudaibergenova, S and Sadykova, K and Zhagiparova, Z and Aljofan, M},
title = {Mare's Milk for Gut Microbiome Restoration and Immune Recovery After COVID-19 in Children and Pregnant Women: A Hypothesis-Generating Systematic Review.},
journal = {Biomolecules},
volume = {16},
number = {8},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/biom16081203},
pmid = {42650868},
issn = {2218-273X},
support = {BR24992814//Science Committee of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Republic of Kazakhstan/ ; },
mesh = {Female ; Animals ; Humans ; Horses ; *COVID-19/immunology/microbiology ; Pregnancy ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome/immunology ; *Milk ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Child ; Dysbiosis ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Mare's milk has gained attention as a functional food due to its bioactive compounds and potential microbiome-modulating properties. This systematic review evaluated the evidence on its potential role in gut microbiome restoration and immune modulation following COVID-19, particularly in pediatric and maternal populations.

METHODS: PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase were systematically searched for studies investigating mare's milk or koumiss and their effects on gut microbiota, immune responses, inflammatory markers, or gastrointestinal outcomes.

RESULTS: Eight studies were included: five examined COVID-19-associated gut microbiome alterations, and three investigated the biological effects of mare's milk or fermented mare's milk. COVID-19 was consistently associated with reduced microbial diversity, depletion of beneficial bacteria, and enrichment of opportunistic pathogens, with some changes persisting after recovery.

CONCLUSIONS: Koumiss demonstrates biologically plausible microbiome-modulating and immunoregulatory properties that may support recovery from COVID-19-associated gut dysbiosis. However, current evidence remains indirect, and clinical studies are needed before recommendations can be made.},
}

Female
Animals
Humans
Horses
*COVID-19/immunology/microbiology
Pregnancy
*Gastrointestinal Microbiome/immunology
*Milk
SARS-CoV-2
Child
Dysbiosis

@article {pmid42651018,
year = {2026},
author = {Borbei, R and Brata, VD and Dobrotă, I and Ceteraș, LM and Clim, M and Alexescu, TG and Milaciu, MV and Perne, MG and Gerdanovics, CA and Procopciuc, LM and Cozma, A and Orășan, OH},
title = {Metabolic Syndrome and Pancreatic Cancer: Linking Insulin Resistance, Inflammation, and Carcinogenesis.},
journal = {Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {16},
number = {16},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/diagnostics16162616},
pmid = {42651018},
issn = {2075-4418},
abstract = {Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a composite classification defined by heterogeneous combinations of cardiometabolic abnormalities. Several components have been associated with pancreatic cancer (PC), but studies often conflate long-term metabolic exposure, tumor-related prediagnostic metabolic change, and prognosis after diagnosis. This review critically evaluates these three settings. This narrative review searched PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science through April 2026, prioritizing meta-analyses, prospective cohorts, Mendelian randomization studies, clinical studies, preclinical mechanistic evidence, and guidelines. Evidence was interpreted with attention to reverse causation, residual confounding, outcome definitions, and validation. Meta-analyses report a 25-34% higher PC risk among individuals with MetS, with a stepwise gradient across the number of metabolic components; hyperglycemia showed the strongest association among individual components (RR 1.55, 95% CI 1.42-1.70). However, MetS represents multiple versions of exposure, and the epidemiological and clinical evidence remains predominantly observational. Proposed mechanisms involving insulin signaling, adipokines, oxidative stress, epigenetic regulation, and the microbiome are largely preclinical and are not pancreas-specific. New-onset diabetes, rising HbA1c, and involuntary weight loss may mark occult pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, but available risk-enrichment models and biomarkers are insufficiently validated for routine screening. After diagnosis, metabolic status and body-composition measures have been associated with survival and perioperative outcomes, although confounding and cancer-related cachexia complicate interpretation. MetS is consistently associated with PC risk but is neither a single causal exposure nor an established target for PC prevention. MetS alone does not justify pancreatic imaging or biomarker testing. Lifestyle and pharmacologic treatment should follow established cardiometabolic indications; their effects on PC incidence remain unproven. Priorities include component-specific causal studies and prospective validation of risk-enrichment strategies.},
}

@article {pmid42651058,
year = {2026},
author = {Agache, A and Kaalby Møller, L and Eskemose, SR and Selnes, O and Deding, U and Bjørsum-Meyer, T and Al-Najami, I and Høgh, A and Schelde-Olesen, B and Løfberg, C and Kjølhede, T and Rasmussen, MK and Baatrup, G and Koulaouzidis, A},
title = {Colon Capsule Endoscopy in the Routine Diagnostic Pathway for Colorectal Diseases (DanCap): Protocol for a Cluster-Allocated Crossover Trial.},
journal = {Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {16},
number = {16},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/diagnostics16162657},
pmid = {42651058},
issn = {2075-4418},
support = {//Odense University Hospital/ ; },
abstract = {Background/Objectives: Colonoscopy is the standard examination for many symptomatic patients referred for lower-gastrointestinal investigation, but it is resource-intensive and may be a burdensome experience. Colon capsule endoscopy (CCE) offers a minimally invasive, sedation-free first-line examination, although clinically important findings, inadequate cleansing or incomplete transit can generate downstream colonoscopy. DanCap aims to compare the costs and clinical consequences of a CCE-first pathway with routine conventional colonoscopy (CC). Methods: DanCap is a single-centre, cluster-allocated crossover trial at Odense University Hospital, Denmark. General practice clinics follow CCE or CC according to the parity of their pre-existing provider number, with pathways crossing after 200 consecutive CCE participants; no trial-generated random allocation sequence is used. Eight hundred symptomatic adults aged >18 years referred for expedited lower-gastrointestinal investigation are planned. CCE participants with suspected cancer, any polyp ≥6 mm, inadequate cleansing or an incomplete examination are referred for colonoscopy. The primary outcome is pathway cost. Registered secondary outcomes and prespecified process measures include polyp and colorectalcancer detection, examination quality, reinvestigation and patient-reported consequences. FIT and microbiome are registered secondary outcomes; participation in the substudy is optional and the analyses are exploratory within the CCEpathway. Primary analyses will follow the assigned pathway and account for GP clinic clustering, period and allocation sequence. Expected Results: The trial will quantify the resource use and clinical consequences of implementing CCE in routine symptomatic practice. Conclusions: DanCap is intended to inform decisions about CCE pathway implementation rather than to establish unbiased whole-cohort test sensitivity or specificity. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT06475560; first submitted 20 June 2024 and first posted 26 June 2024. Recruitment began on 27 November 2024; the registry listed the study as recruiting when last updated on 19 March 2026.},
}

@article {pmid42651144,
year = {2026},
author = {Lee, S and Hong, SH and Nam, YJ and Cho, YH and Son, SJ and Hong, CH},
title = {An Integrated Model Based on Gut Microbiota and APOE Genotype for Predicting Dementia Risk.},
journal = {Brain sciences},
volume = {16},
number = {8},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/brainsci16080834},
pmid = {42651144},
issn = {2076-3425},
support = {6637-303//Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency/ ; RS-2025-25303051//Korea Health Industry Development Institute/ ; RS-2022-KHI30309//Korea Health Industry Development Institute/ ; GRRCAjou2023-B02//Gyeonggi Provincal Medical Center/ ; RS-2021-NR056488//National Research Foundation of Korea/ ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Dementia develops through the combined influence of genetic vulnerability, biological processes, and environmental exposures. The apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 allele is a well-known genetic contributor to dementia risk, and growing evidence links gut microbial alterations to cognitive decline and cerebrovascular-related pathology. Nevertheless, studies jointly evaluating genetic, microbiome, and clinical information remain relatively scarce. This study examined an integrated framework combining APOE genotype and gut microbiome data for cross-sectional dementia classification.

METHODS: We analyzed 292 participants representing three cognitive stages: subjective memory impairment (SMI), mild cognitive impairment, and dementia. Clinical variables, APOE genotype, and gut microbial metagenomic profiles were examined. Associations among genetic risk, Alzheimer's disease pathology, and brain structural changes were assessed, and multivariable models were used to distinguish participants with dementia from those with SMI or MCI.

RESULTS: APOE ε4 carriage was most frequent among participants with dementia, while no ε4 carriers were observed in the SMI group. Gut microbial profiles differed according to the dementia-related genetic-risk category (mild vs. moderate-to-high). The fully integrated model showed a numerically higher cross-validated AUC than models constructed from fewer data domains. Streptococcus, Akkermansia, and Fusicatenibacter were more abundant in the moderate-to-high genetic-risk group; these taxon-level findings were exploratory and based on nominal p-values.

CONCLUSIONS: The findings support an exploratory integrated framework for cross-sectional dementia classification based on genetic and gut microbiome information. Independent longitudinal and multicenter validation is required before the framework can be interpreted as predicting future dementia risk or supporting personalized clinical decisions.},
}

@article {pmid42651642,
year = {2026},
author = {Novoa Díaz, MB and Carriere, P and Vinderola, G and Gentili, C and Cattoni, DI},
title = {The Female Reproductive Microbiome: Mechanistic Insights and Bioengineering Perspectives.},
journal = {Biology},
volume = {15},
number = {16},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/biology15161337},
pmid = {42651642},
issn = {2079-7737},
support = {PGI 24/ZB01//Universidad Nacional del Sur/ ; PGI 24/ZB23//Universidad Nacional del Sur/ ; 101182953//European Union's Horizon Europe research and innovation programme/ ; },
abstract = {Microbiota has emerged as a potential regulator of female reproductive health through immunological, metabolic, and endocrine networks. Growing evidence suggests that the composition and stability of the vaginal, uterine, and gut microbiota are associated with fertility outcomes. Disruptions in reproductive tract homeostasis have been linked to infertility, implantation failure, pregnancy loss, and diminished success in assisted reproductive technologies. Beyond local interactions, maternal gut microbiota may influence systemic immunity and metabolic pathways related to vaginal and endometrial microbiota. While these findings highlight the microbiome-based signatures' potential as predictive and prognostic biomarkers, their clinical applicability remains unconfirmed. Evidence is limited by small cohort sizes, methodological and analytical heterogeneity, and lack of standardization, limiting clinical translation. This narrative review summarizes the current knowledge regarding the microbiome's role in female reproductive health, highlighting its potential impact on pathophysiology, diagnostics, and therapeutic strategies. While this approach allows for a broad conceptual overview, we explicitly note that it is not systematic. As a result, this review is limited by the absence of a standardized search protocol, which may introduce selection bias. Finally, we review advances in microbial engineering and synthetic biology, highlighting engineered living biotherapeutics as promising strategies to improve microbiome-based reproductive medicine.},
}

@article {pmid42651697,
year = {2026},
author = {Agoni, L and Martinelli, C and De Seta, F},
title = {Bacterial Vaginosis vs. Aerobic Vaginitis: An Unresolved Conundrum?.},
journal = {Biology},
volume = {15},
number = {16},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/biology15161393},
pmid = {42651697},
issn = {2079-7737},
abstract = {Bacterial vaginosis (BV) and aerobic vaginitis (AV) are usually described as distinct forms of vaginal dysbiosis. BV is characterized by depletion of lactobacilli, overgrowth of anaerobic microorganisms, and biofilm formation, whereas AV is associated with inflammatory changes, epithelial disruption, and predominance of aerobic bacteria. Over the past two decades, this distinction has profoundly influenced the understanding, diagnosis, and management of vaginal disorders. Despite their apparent differences, the relationship between BV and AV remains incompletely understood. Growing evidence indicates that many women exhibit microbiological and microscopic patterns that cannot be readily classified within existing diagnostic frameworks. Intermediate Nugent scores, mixed vaginitis, transitional ecological states, post-treatment microbiota reconstitution, physiological hypoestrogenic conditions, and uncommon inflammatory patterns all challenge the traditional view of BV and AV as strictly separate entities. This narrative review examines the historical evolution of BV and AV concepts, compares their microbiological, immunological, and epithelial characteristics, and evaluates the diagnostic paradigms currently used to identify vaginal dysbiosis. The strengths and limitations of clinical and diagnostic approaches are discussed together with the extent to which contemporary international guidelines reflect current biological knowledge. Particular emphasis is placed on intermediate, mixed, and overlapping states that blur the boundaries between established diagnostic categories. The available evidence supports the clinical usefulness of distinguishing BV and AV as separate clinicopathological entities. However, it also indicates that vaginal ecosystem disturbances frequently extend beyond rigid dichotomous classifications. Current diagnostic categories remain valuable tools for clinical practice, yet they may only partially capture the complexity and dynamic nature of vaginal dysbiosis. Understanding how microbial communities, host responses, epithelial integrity, and physiological factors interact remains a major challenge for future research and clinical interpretation.},
}

@article {pmid42651829,
year = {2026},
author = {Pourbahrighesmat, S and Tojjari, A and Laliotis, G and Saeed, A},
title = {Host-Microbiome Integration as a Biomarker Framework in Esophageal Cancer: Current Evidence and Translational Challenges.},
journal = {Current issues in molecular biology},
volume = {48},
number = {8},
pages = {},
pmid = {42651829},
issn = {1467-3045},
abstract = {Immune checkpoint inhibitors have improved outcomes in esophageal cancer across settings, yet clinical benefit remains heterogeneous, with current host-derived biomarkers incompletely predicting response. This mini review evaluates recent studies that integrate gut or intratumoral microbial features with host immune, molecular, or metabolic assessment in esophageal cancer. We classify the evidence using a four-level hierarchy of host-microbiome integration: ecological association, functional association, mechanistic integration, and clinical predictive integration. Tissue studies reveal compartment-specific relationships between microbial diversity or individual taxa and immune architecture, whereas treatment cohorts identify bacterial and fungal signatures associated with pathological or immunotherapy response. Mechanistic studies offer the strongest biological evidence, most notably the Lactobacillus salivarius-indole-3-lactic acid-AhR/NF-κB axis, which drives CD8-positive T-cell exhaustion and resistance to anti-PD-1 therapy. However, biological integration is substantially more advanced than clinical response prediction. Small cohorts, heterogeneous regimens, contamination of low-biomass samples, coarse taxonomic (rather than functional) resolution, confounding by histology, multi-omic layers measured in different patients, and lack of external validation currently jeopardize integration of microbiome to guide treatment. Future studies should use longitudinal, multicenter, compartment-matched sampling and test whether microbial genes or metabolites improve patient selection and predict clinical response beyond established clinical and host biomarkers.},
}

@article {pmid42651875,
year = {2026},
author = {Bu, YQ and Li, S and Wang, ZR and Liu, Q and Zhu, XQ and Liu, Q},
title = {First Insights into Changes in the Gut Microbiota of Landes Geese Infected with Eimeria stigmosa.},
journal = {Animals : an open access journal from MDPI},
volume = {16},
number = {16},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/ani16162470},
pmid = {42651875},
issn = {2076-2615},
support = {2025SJ198//Shanxi Province Innovation Project for Graduates Students/ ; 2021XG001//Special Research Fund of Shanxi Agricultural University for High-level Talents/ ; },
abstract = {While multiple Eimeria species have been identified in geese, their effects on the host gut microbiota have not yet been investigated. In the present study, 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing was used to characterize the microbial changes in the jejunal and cecal segments of Landes geese following Eimeria stigmosa infection. At 2.5 days post-infection (dpi), the jejunum of infected geese was dominated by Bacillota, Pseudomonadota and Bacteroidota, whereas controls were dominated by Bacillota and Actinomycetota. At 4.5 dpi, the jejunum of infected geese showed increased Bacillota compared to controls. In the cecum, both groups shared similar phylum-level dominance of Bacillota and Bacteroidota. At 2.5 and 4.5 dpi, the jejunal microbiota of infected geese was primarily dominated by the genus Ligilactobacillus. α-diversity analysis revealed a significant reduction in the Shannon and Pielou's evenness indices only in the jejunum of infected geese at 4.5 dpi. Beta-diversity analysis showed significant differences between the infected and control groups at 2.5 dpi based on weighted UniFrac distances. LEfSe analysis revealed that the genus Pseudomonas were significantly enriched in the jejunum of infected geese at 2.5 dpi, while the genera Massiliomicrobiota and Shuttleworthia were significantly enriched in the cecum of infected geese at 4.5 dpi. These findings revealed time- and site-specific shifts in the gut microbiota of geese following E. stigmosa infection, having implications for better understanding of the complex interactions of E. stigmosa, host and the microbiome.},
}

@article {pmid42651886,
year = {2026},
author = {Kwon, MR and Jeong, DH},
title = {Fecal Microbiomes in Ex Situ-Managed Mammals: Captivity-Associated Shifts and Links to Welfare, Stress, and Reproductive Performance.},
journal = {Animals : an open access journal from MDPI},
volume = {16},
number = {16},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/ani16162480},
pmid = {42651886},
issn = {2076-2615},
abstract = {Ex situ conservation programs maintain threatened mammal populations and support conservation breeding and reintroduction, but success also depends on physiological function, behavioral competence, welfare, and reproductive performance. This critical narrative review combined structured literature searches with a descriptive quantitative evidence map of published summary values to evaluate mammalian fecal or intestinal microbiomes in relation to wild-captive transitions, diet and management, welfare-related outcomes, and reproduction. Captivity was repeatedly associated with altered microbial community composition, but richness and major phylum-level changes showed no universal direction. Host phylogeny, diet, digestive anatomy, facility, environmental exposure, reproductive state, and analytical methods constrained comparisons. Five studies provided direct Tier 1 evidence by jointly measuring microbiomes with outcomes spanning stereotypic behavior, stress and endocrine measures, breeding season, breeding success, and multigenerational fitness within the same ex situ-managed populations. These included associations with stereotypic behavior, breeding season, hormone metabolites, breeding success, and multigenerational fitness trajectories. However, the evidence remains observational and taxon-specific, and no bacterial feature is currently validated as a transferable biomarker. Longitudinal fecal microbiome monitoring may add value when integrated with behavioral, endocrine, clinical, dietary, and breeding data. Standardized repeated-measures studies, functional profiling, and prospective management interventions are priorities for translating microbiome research into evidence-based ex situ conservation.},
}

@article {pmid42651900,
year = {2026},
author = {Pan, D and Sun, S and Chen, Y and Tu, W and Liu, B and Zhu, X and Zhang, Y and Shu, X and Song, C and Li, F and Lu, L},
title = {Deficiency of Natural Plant-Derived Gut Metabolites Is a Potential Cause of Skeletal Deformities in Captive-Bred Green Peafowl (Pavo muticus).},
journal = {Animals : an open access journal from MDPI},
volume = {16},
number = {16},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/ani16162495},
pmid = {42651900},
issn = {2076-2615},
support = {2026J0448//Yunnan Provincial Department of Education/ ; Yuncaizihuan [2024] 150//the 2025 Forestry and Grassland Ecological Protection and Restoration Fund jointly provided by the Yunnan Provincial Department of Finance and the Yunnan Forestry and Grassland Bureau/ ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: To recover endangered green peafowl (Pavo muticus) populations, China has implemented ex situ conservation programs centered on captive breeding. However, captive-bred individuals frequently suffer from skeletal deformities, creating a critical bottleneck that compromises future wild reintroductions.

RESULTS: This study demonstrates that, although green peafowl possess species-specific genes (Igf2 and Ndufs2), they lack specialized allometric development of the cecum, suggesting that dietary disparities might play a more pivotal role in driving skeletal issues than innate intestinal anatomical factors. Specifically, wild peafowl naturally consume plants from the genus Pistacia, whereas captive birds receive a standardized diet dominated by Glycine. Reflecting these dietary disparities, captive-bred individuals exhibit significantly reduced gut levels of metabolites that regulate osteoclast activity, namely quercetin, taurine, urolithin A, and luteolin. Extensive evidence indicates that these specific metabolites directly modulate bone homeostasis during growth, meaning their reduction poses severe physiological risks. Furthermore, the abundance of these specific metabolites is directly modulated by gut bacterial communities, notably the genera Escherichia and Staphylococcus. We also found that dietary composition serves as a robust cue shaping gut microbiome assembly, acting independently of developmental stages.

CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that targeted plant supplementation holds promise in restoring the gut ecosystem and mitigating skeletal deformities, highlighting how diet-driven microbiome stewardship could advance the conservation and reintroduction of endangered species like the green peafowl.},
}

@article {pmid42651902,
year = {2026},
author = {Llada, IM and Lourenco, JM and Dycus, MM and Lamichhane, U and Ross, MK and Suen, G and Jones, DP and Hill, NS and Filipov, NM},
title = {Microbiome Responses of Beef Steers to Rotational Grazing of Toxic Endophyte-Infected Tall Fescue Under Fall Conditions.},
journal = {Animals : an open access journal from MDPI},
volume = {16},
number = {16},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/ani16162497},
pmid = {42651902},
issn = {2076-2615},
support = {67015-31301//National Institute of Food and Agriculture/ ; 2P20GM103476//National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS), National Institutes of Health (NIH)/ ; },
abstract = {Fescue toxicosis results from ingestion of tall fescue infected with the ergot alkaloid (EA)-producing endophyte Epichloë coenophiala. The gastrointestinal microbiota is the first point of interaction with EAs and may be modulated by them. To investigate this, rumen and fecal samples were collected from steers grazing toxic (E+) or non-toxic fescue for 14 days, followed by a pasture switch. Microbial communities were characterized using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing (bacterial V4, archaeal V6-V8 regions). Short-term E+ grazing did not affect alpha diversity in either matrix, but beta diversity differences were significant, though of small magnitude (rumen: R[2] < 0.07; feces: R[2] < 0.06), consistent with the overlap of communities between treatments. Relative abundance (RA) of dominant taxa remained unchanged, but low-abundance taxa were enriched in E+. In the rumen, these included proteolytic, amino acid decarboxylating, and methyl-compound forming microbes (e.g., Clostridia, Prevotellaceae, Lachnospiraceae (Butyrivibrio, Eubacterium), Streptococcaceae, and Gamma/Alphaproteobacteria), while fibrolytic taxa (e.g., Ruminococcus flavefaciens) declined. Hydrogenotrophic methanogens (Methanobrevibacter_A) decreased, while methylotrophic methanogens and hydrogen-utilizing bacteria (e.g., Selenomonadaceae) increased, indicating altered hydrogen flow in the rumen. Similar subtle but significant shifts were observed in fecal communities, including members of Lachnospiraceae (Eubacterium) and Rikenellaceae (Mucinivorans). Comparable RA of core (dominant) rumen and fecal microbiomes in steers previously exposed and never exposed to E+ fescue suggests no lasting effects on the dominant community. Short-term exposure to E+ tall fescue was associated with enrichment of low-abundance taxa whose previously described metabolic functions may contribute to maintaining rumen homeostasis under E+-induced dietary stress.},
}

@article {pmid42651982,
year = {2026},
author = {Guan, S and Sun, M and Xu, N and Gu, Y and Qin, L},
title = {Comparative Analysis of Gut Microbiome, Metabolome and Meat Quality Among Chinese Steppe Red Cattle, Simmental Hybrid Cattle and Yanhuang Cattle.},
journal = {Animals : an open access journal from MDPI},
volume = {16},
number = {16},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/ani16162577},
pmid = {42651982},
issn = {2076-2615},
support = {20260205035GH//Jilin Province Science and Technology Department/ ; CARS-37//Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/ ; SJ2025005-1//Sanjiang Laboratory Science and Technology Innovation Project/ ; CXGC2025ZD007//Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences/ ; },
abstract = {Breed is a major source of variation in beef quality, yet how differences in rumen microbial communities relate to metabolic profiles and meat quality across breeds remains unclear. This study compared growth performance, meat quality traits, rumen microbiota, and rumen metabolomic profiles of Chinese steppe red cattle (CR), Yanhuang cattle (YH), and Simmental hybrid cattle (SH). The results showed that SH cattle had better performance in some growth-related traits. In contrast, YH and CR cattle exhibited better meat quality, with higher marbling scores, lower drip loss and shear force, and higher levels of several unsaturated fatty acids. Significant differences in individual amino acid contents were also observed among breeds, and SH cattle showed higher levels of some amino acids. Microbial analysis showed that CR and YH cattle had higher rumen microbial richness and diversity than SH cattle, with differences in microbial community composition among breeds. A total of 2425 metabolites were annotated by metabolomic analysis. The differential metabolites were mainly involved in lipid metabolism, amino acid metabolism, carbon metabolism, and energy metabolism pathways. Correlation analysis further revealed relationships between specific rumen microorganisms and metabolites related to meat quality traits.},
}

@article {pmid42651990,
year = {2026},
author = {Zheng, Y and Wang, W and Yang, H and Wang, Y and Guo, T and Yin, N and Liang, H and Song, B and Jia, Y and Nie, R and Zheng, Y and Gong, R and Qi, J},
title = {Effects of Dietary Dandelion Supplementation on Ruminal Morphology, Fermentation, Microbiome, and Inflammation in Lambs Under High-Concentrate Feeding.},
journal = {Animals : an open access journal from MDPI},
volume = {16},
number = {16},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/ani16162585},
pmid = {42651990},
issn = {2076-2615},
support = {2024QN03078//National Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region/ ; YLXKZX-NND-043//2023 Annual Autonomous Region-Level Institution Talent Introduction Scientific Research Support Project, Inner Mongolia Education Department Special Research Project for First Class Disciplines/ ; NDYB2023-9//Scientific Research Start-up Project for High-Level and Outstanding Doctoral Talents/ ; },
abstract = {This study aimed to investigate the regulatory effects of dietary dandelion supplementation on the ruminal physiological status of lambs fed a high-concentrate diet. Twenty-two 6-month-old female crossbred lambs with an initial body weight of 32.05 ± 0.43 kg were randomly assigned to two groups (n = 11 per group): the HC group (fed a high-concentrate basal diet) and the DD group (basal diet supplemented with 2 g/kg dandelion powder), with a 14-day adaptation and 60-day experimental period. The results showed that compared with the HC group, dandelion supplementation significantly improved lamb growth performance and modulated ruminal fermentation parameters and tissue morphology. For inflammatory indices, the concentration of interleukin-10 (IL-10) was significantly increased, while the concentrations of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and histamine (HIS) were significantly decreased (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, dandelion supplementation upregulated the mRNA expression of ruminal epithelial tight junction proteins and hexokinase II (HK-II), while downregulating the mRNA expression of myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88), voltage-dependent anion channel 1 (VDAC1), inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (IP3R), NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3), and caspase-1. Metagenomic analysis revealed that dandelion supplementation did not alter ruminal microbial α-diversity, but slightly modulated community composition and functional profiles. The abundances of dominant phyla Bacteroidota and Bacillota showed only slight fluctuations, while fiber-degrading genera (Xylanibacter, Quinella, Selenomonas) showed a trend toward enrichment, and proteolytic taxa were decreased. CAZyme analysis revealed an upward trend in families CE4, CE8, GH32, and GH13_46 (pectin/starch degradation) and a downward trend in GH73, GH27, and GT14 (oligosaccharide/peptidoglycan/polysaccharide metabolism) in the DD group. KEGG orthology annotation suggested that nominal KO differences were mainly associated with carbohydrate metabolism pathways, including starch and sucrose metabolism and peptidoglycan biosynthesis. None of these features, however, remained significant after FDR correction (raw p < 0.05; all q > 0.05). Collectively, dietary dandelion supplementation was associated with alterations in ruminal physiological status and microbial community in lambs fed a high-concentrate diet, providing foundational data for dandelion application in lamb diets under short-term feeding conditions.},
}

@article {pmid42651999,
year = {2026},
author = {Ringseis, R and Eder, K and Gessner, DK},
title = {The Importance of the Gut-Muscle Axis: From Mechanistic Insights in Cell Culture and Rodent Models to Descriptive and Associative Evidence in Livestock.},
journal = {Animals : an open access journal from MDPI},
volume = {16},
number = {16},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/ani16162594},
pmid = {42651999},
issn = {2076-2615},
abstract = {The gut microbiota is a metabolically active ecosystem that influences host physiology through bioactive metabolites and interactions with host signaling pathways. Recent research has established a bidirectional gut-muscle axis in which microbial metabolites and muscle-derived factors (myokines) regulate muscle protein synthesis, degradation, regeneration, fiber-type specification, and overall muscle performance. Studies using germ-free, antibiotic-treated, probiotic-supplemented, and fecal microbiota transplantation models demonstrate that the gut microbiota is a critical determinant of skeletal muscle mass and function. Key mediators include short-chain fatty acids, bile acids, aromatic amino acid metabolites, microbial-associated molecular patterns, and methylamine metabolites. This review summarizes current mechanistic knowledge of gut-muscle communication and its relevance to livestock production. In monogastric livestock, particularly pigs and poultry, microbiota transplantation experiments and targeted probiotic interventions provide causal evidence that gut microbial communities influence muscle growth, muscle fiber composition, intramuscular fat deposition, carcass traits, and meat quality, including tenderness, marbling, water-holding capacity, and flavor. Several studies have also identified specific microbial taxa and metabolites capable of transferring desirable production phenotypes. In contrast, evidence in ruminants remains largely associative and originates mainly from multi-omics and dietary intervention studies. Future research should validate causal mechanisms, identify robust microbial biomarkers, and develop species-specific microbiome-based strategies for precision livestock production.},
}

@article {pmid42652091,
year = {2026},
author = {Zhou, S and Zhang, M and Bai, S and Liu, J and Zhang, C and Mi, S and Zhang, J},
title = {Dual-Omics Profiling of Carotid Plaques Reveals Stage-Dependent Host-Microbiome Interaction Dynamics from Formation to Rupture.},
journal = {Biomedicines},
volume = {14},
number = {8},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/biomedicines14081708},
pmid = {42652091},
issn = {2227-9059},
support = {2021KJ202//Science & Technology Development Fund of Tianjin Education Commission for Higher Education/ ; },
abstract = {Background: Carotid plaque rupture is a critical event in ischemic stroke, yet the potential involvement of the intraplaque microbiota across disease stages remains unclear. Methods: We performed dual-omics profiling by analyzing host transcriptomes and PathSeq-derived microbiomes from 48 human carotid RNA-seq specimens spanning early lesions (intimal thickening; n = 10), stable plaques (n = 20), and unstable plaques (n = 18). Host transcriptomes were profiled alongside intraplaque microbiomes extracted via the GATK PathSeq pipeline with rigorous in silico decontamination. We integrated differential expression analysis, microbial diversity metrics, and functional inference. Furthermore, an integrated machine learning approach (incorporating Boruta feature selection) was employed to identify exploratory cross-kingdom diagnostic biomarkers. Results: Microbial beta diversity diverged significantly across disease stages, accompanied by the progressive upregulation of 54 host genes critical for extracellular matrix remodeling and immune chemotaxis. Strikingly, despite the inherent noise and artifacts associated with low-biomass sequencing, we computationally detected the distinct enrichment of 21 bacterial taxa in unstable plaques, predominantly oral and gut mucosal pathobionts. Computationally inferred functional profiling revealed that these unstable plaque-associated microbiota were significantly linked to predicted cell death, IL-17, and HIF-1 signaling pathways and exhibited strong positive correlations with host matrix-degrading transcripts. Statistical modeling suggested associative links among specific microbial enrichment, host transcriptomic dysregulation, and plaque instability, highlighting concurrent biological cross-talk. Importantly, our integrated machine learning pipeline established a 14-feature cross-kingdom biomarker panel (10 host genes and 4 bacteria) that discriminated stable from unstable plaques (cross-validated AUC = 0.869). Conclusions: Intraplaque microbiome dynamics computationally associate with host transcriptomic alterations during carotid plaque evolution. This synergistic host-microbiome association provides a hypothesis-generating framework linking microbial dysbiosis to plaque destabilization, offering novel mechanistic insights and highlighting the exploratory cross-kingdom biomarker panel as a highly promising foundation for future experimental validation and stage-tailored clinical diagnostics.},
}

@article {pmid42652094,
year = {2026},
author = {Boldeanu, L and Ghenea, AE and Novac, MB and Galatis, V and Pădureanu, R and Assani, MZ and Pădureanu, V and Mitroi, GG and Boicea Camen, AR and Boldeanu, MV},
title = {Gut Microbiome Dysbiosis in Atopic Dermatitis: Pathogenic Mechanisms, Gut-Skin Axis Disruption, and Emerging Microbiota-Targeted Therapies.},
journal = {Biomedicines},
volume = {14},
number = {8},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/biomedicines14081711},
pmid = {42652094},
issn = {2227-9059},
abstract = {Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by epidermal barrier dysfunction, immune dysregulation, and marked clinical heterogeneity. Growing evidence implicates the gut microbiome in AD-related pathways through microbial metabolites, intestinal barrier function, and systemic immune signaling. This narrative review synthesizes current evidence on gut microbial alterations in AD, with particular attention to short-chain fatty acids, tryptophan-derived aryl hydrocarbon receptor ligands, intestinal permeability, gut-skin microbiome interactions, and microbiota-targeted interventions. Human studies have reported associations between AD and altered abundance of selected microbial taxa, metabolite profiles, and markers of intestinal barrier dysfunction, whereas animal and in vitro studies provide complementary mechanistic evidence. However, findings remain heterogeneous across age groups, disease phenotypes, geographic populations, analytical platforms, and treatment exposures, and causality is incompletely established. Probiotic and synbiotic interventions have shown strain-specific and context-dependent effects, while postbiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation, washed microbiota transplantation, and metabolite-directed approaches remain investigational. AI-assisted multi-omics methods may improve biological stratification and hypothesis generation, but current applications are limited by small sample sizes, cohort heterogeneity, overfitting, insufficient external validation, and limited clinical implementation. Current evidence therefore supports the gut microbiome as a mechanistically plausible contributor, potential biomarker, and therapeutic target in AD while underscoring the need for longitudinal, phenotype-aware, and externally validated studies before routine clinical translation.},
}

@article {pmid42652141,
year = {2026},
author = {Zhetkenev, S and Konovalov, R and Akhmetkaliyev, A and Sonnenberg-Riethmacher, E},
title = {The Microbiome in the Development and Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease.},
journal = {Biomedicines},
volume = {14},
number = {8},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/biomedicines14081754},
pmid = {42652141},
issn = {2227-9059},
support = {АР23487823//Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Republic of Kazakhstan/ ; },
abstract = {Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the gastrointestinal tract that arises from a complex interplay of genetic susceptibility, immune dysregulation, environmental exposures, and altered host-microbiome interactions. Increasing evidence identifies the gut microbiota as a central component of IBD pathogenesis. In healthy individuals, the intestinal microbiota supports epithelial integrity, metabolic homeostasis, immune education, colonization resistance, and bidirectional gut-brain communication. In IBD, this ecosystem is disrupted by reduced microbial diversity, expansion of pathobionts, and broader functional alterations affecting community stability and metabolic output. Importantly, these changes are increasingly viewed not merely as consequences of inflammation, but as active contributors to disease development and persistence. Dysbiosis may also influence neuroimmune signaling through the gut-brain axis, linking microbial metabolites, intestinal barrier dysfunction, enteric nervous system activity, and psychological comorbidities frequently observed in patients with IBD. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the role of the gut microbiota in IBD, beginning with its physiological functions in intestinal homeostasis and the evidence linking dysbiosis to disease pathogenesis, followed by a critical evaluation of current microbiome-based therapeutic strategies, their translational challenges, and prospects for personalized microbiota-directed interventions. Approaches such as fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), probiotics, live biotherapeutic products, and genetically engineered bacteria aim to restore microbial balance and modulate intestinal inflammation. Among these, FMT has provided the strongest proof-of-concept for microbiome restoration, whereas probiotic efficacy remains variable and strain-dependent. Emerging defined microbial consortia and engineered bacterial platforms offer improved standardization and mechanistic precision, but their clinical application remains limited by challenges related to engraftment, durability of response, safety, and treatment optimization. Collectively, current evidence supports gut microbiota as both a key determinant of IBD pathogenesis and a promising therapeutic target, underscoring the need for more precise and personalized microbiota-directed approaches in IBD management.},
}

@article {pmid42652199,
year = {2026},
author = {Unlu, O and Demirci, M and Kantarci, A},
title = {Role of Oral-Lung Infection Axis on Respiratory Health.},
journal = {Biomedicines},
volume = {14},
number = {8},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/biomedicines14081817},
pmid = {42652199},
issn = {2227-9059},
abstract = {High-throughput metagenomic sequencing and advances in mucosal immunology have refuted the traditional physiological concept of a sterile respiratory tract. The oral cavity has been recognized as a dynamic determinant of systemic health. As in other parts of the body, recent studies also suggest that pulmonary health may be linked to oral health. Under eubiotic conditions, the oral microbiome maintains local immunological homeostasis and colonization resistance. Oral dysbiosis, characterized by sequential shifts in microbial communities and the proliferation of the pathogenic red complex (Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, and Tannerella forsythia), induces a state of chronic systemic inflammation, potentially involved in an infectious axis between the oral cavity and the lung. This review evaluates the tripartite systemic pathways of metastatic infection, metastatic injury, and metastatic inflammation that govern the translocation of oral pathobionts and their bioactive components, including lipopolysaccharides, outer membrane vesicles, and matrix metalloproteinases, to the lower respiratory tract via microaspiration and hematogenous circulation. The clinical implications across the chronic respiratory disease spectrum are examined, with a focus on how deficits in oral microbial diversity influence chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) pathogenesis, modulate the pulmonary virome and mycobiome, and stimulate maladaptive trained immunity. Furthermore, the contribution of biological aging is assessed, highlighting the roles of immunosenescence, inflammaging, and physiological reflex decline within the broader mucosal continuum. Finally, the clinical translation of this axis is analyzed, emphasizing the integration of saliva-based point-of-care nano-theranostics, metatranscriptomic profiling, and targeted interventions-such as professional oral biofilm management in intensive care settings and precision microbiome engineering-to preserve respiratory function and restore immune homeostasis.},
}

@article {pmid42652247,
year = {2026},
author = {Kritsotaki, N and Diamantidis, D and Koutlaki, N and Machairiotis, N and Tsikouras, P},
title = {Recurrent Pregnancy Loss: A Couple-Based Framework for Integrating Paternal Assessment.},
journal = {Biomedicines},
volume = {14},
number = {8},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/biomedicines14081866},
pmid = {42652247},
issn = {2227-9059},
abstract = {Background/Objectives: Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) has traditionally been investigated predominantly through maternal factors, while the clinical role of paternal assessment remains inconsistently defined. Current guidelines differ substantially regarding semen analysis, sperm DNA fragmentation (SDF), genetic testing, and referral for andrological evaluation. This review aimed to compare contemporary guideline recommendations, critically appraise the directness, prognostic value, and clinical utility of the supporting evidence, and classify paternal assessment strategies as routine, selective, or investigational. Methods: A structured narrative review was conducted using PubMed and Scopus searches through June 2026. International RPL, obstetric, reproductive medicine, and andrology guidelines were compared. Evidence from systematic reviews, meta-analyses, clinical studies, and clinically relevant molecular investigations was evaluated according to its directness to RPL populations, diagnostic and prognostic value, and evidence that test-guided interventions improve miscarriage or live-birth outcomes. Results: Routine paternal assessment should include age, reproductive and medical history, body weight, lifestyle, medication exposure, and relevant environmental or occupational risks. Conventional semen analysis is appropriate primarily when RPL coexists with infertility or suspected male reproductive disease. SDF is the most extensively studied advanced paternal biomarker and is frequently elevated in RPL cohorts, but findings vary by assay and comparator population, while prospective prediction of subsequent live birth and benefit from SDF-directed treatment remain unproven. Parental karyotyping has established counselling value but should be risk-stratified. Sperm aneuploidy testing, oxidative stress assays, seminal microbiome profiling, epigenetic biomarkers, and biomarker-directed interventions remain investigational. Conclusions: Paternal assessment in RPL should be couple-based, clinically targeted, and evidence-informed. Current evidence supports routine clinical evaluation, selective use of semen analysis, SDF testing, genetic assessment, and reproductive urology referral, and restriction of unvalidated biomarkers and treatments to research settings.},
}

@article {pmid42652249,
year = {2026},
author = {Kovyanova, TI and Nerush, MO and Karagodin, VP and Borodko, DD and Rozhkova, UV and Antonov, SA and Utkina, AS},
title = {Non-Pharmacological Strategies in Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease: From Molecular Mechanisms to Clinical Integration.},
journal = {Biomedicines},
volume = {14},
number = {8},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/biomedicines14081868},
pmid = {42652249},
issn = {2227-9059},
support = {26-15-00011//Russian Science Foundation/ ; },
abstract = {Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, driven by complex interactions among dyslipidemia, chronic inflammation, insulin resistance, endothelial dysfunction, and gut microbiome-derived metabolites. This review synthesizes mechanistic and clinical evidence on non-pharmacological strategies that modulate these pathways and contribute to ASCVD risk reduction. Dietary patterns such as Mediterranean, DASH, and plant-based diets improve lipid metabolism, attenuate inflammation, and enhance endothelial function. Chrononutrition approaches, including time-restricted feeding and structured fasting protocols, influence circadian regulation of glucose and lipid homeostasis. Circadian misalignment-including irregular sleep timing, shift work, and disrupted feeding-fasting cycles-independently contributes to ASCVD through impaired glucose tolerance, dyslipidemia, endothelial dysfunction, and systemic inflammation. Modulation of the gut microbiome, particularly through increased short-chain fatty acid production and reduced TMAO formation, provides additional cardiometabolic benefits. Key nutraceuticals-phytosterols, omega-3 fatty acids, and berberine-demonstrate clinically meaningful effects through micellar competition, inflammation-resolving lipid mediators, and AMPK activation, respectively. When combined with evidence-based pharmacotherapy, these interventions exert synergistic effects on cardiometabolic risk factors. This integrative biomedical framework highlights the importance of combining lifestyle, metabolic, microbiome-targeted, and nutraceutical strategies for comprehensive ASCVD prevention.},
}

@article {pmid42652266,
year = {2026},
author = {Gonya, S and Brunkhorst, J and Laviolette, M},
title = {Occurrence and Co-Occurrence of Regulated and Emerging Mycotoxins in Foods Marketed to U.S. Toddlers.},
journal = {International journal of environmental research and public health},
volume = {23},
number = {8},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/ijerph23080949},
pmid = {42652266},
issn = {1660-4601},
mesh = {*Mycotoxins/analysis ; United States ; *Food Contamination/analysis ; Humans ; Infant ; Child, Preschool ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry ; Chromatography, Liquid ; },
abstract = {Foodborne mycotoxins are toxic secondary metabolites produced by filamentous fungi. At sufficient concentrations, ingested mycotoxins have been found to disrupt the microbiome and exert toxic effects on gastrointestinal, hepatic, renal, and other tissues. Toddlers are particularly vulnerable to ill effects due to increased intake relative to lower body weight and immature detoxification, metabolic, and immune function. Despite this susceptibility, their adverse health effects remain under-recognized in public health sectors, and data on mycotoxin contamination in foods marketed to young children in North America remain sparse. To investigate this, 118 food products, including cereals, snacks, pasta, first foods, juices, and staple ingredients, were purchased at retail and analyzed for 34 mycotoxins using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The results were compared with the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulatory thresholds and European tolerable daily intake (TDI) limits. Of the 34 analytes, 32 were detected, and 25 were quantified. At least one mycotoxin was quantified in 87 percent of products, with a mean of 3.7 per item and a maximum of 13. Multi-toxin contamination was common; many products exceeded the FDA and TDI limits, and many remain unregulated. These findings highlight regulatory gaps in food safety and underscore the need for stronger child-focused oversight, particularly regarding emerging mycotoxins and multi-toxin contamination.},
}

*Mycotoxins/analysis
United States
*Food Contamination/analysis
Humans
Infant
Child, Preschool
Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Chromatography, Liquid

@article {pmid42652410,
year = {2026},
author = {Liu, H and Qi, R and Tian, Y and Ren, L and Luo, Y},
title = {Short-Term Feeding on Ecologically Distinct Dietary Plants Is Associated with Gut-Sample Bacterial and Archaeal Profiles in Adult Anoplophora glabripennis.},
journal = {Insects},
volume = {17},
number = {8},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/insects17080756},
pmid = {42652410},
issn = {2075-4450},
support = {32371886//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 2022YFD1401000//Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China/ ; },
abstract = {Ecological control studies of the Asian longhorned beetle (Anoplophora glabripennis) distinguish susceptible, resistant, and dead-end trap trees as functionally different plant categories. We used shotgun metagenomics to examine bacterial and archaeal profiles detected in adult gut samples after 72 h exposure to three dietary plants or prolonged water-only starvation. The study included 24 metagenomes, with three biological replicates per DietGroup × SexGroup combination. No time-zero gut samples were available, so the observed patterns remain superimposed on the beetles' field history. The retained catalogue contained 152,895 bacterial genes and 9 archaeal genes. The original observed-richness difference was strongly correlated with host-depleted read depth and was not supported after common-depth rarefaction. Genus-level Bray-Curtis analysis detected a DietGroup × SexGroup interaction that persisted after depth adjustment and exclusion of low-yield samples. This interaction was exploratory because of the small within-cell sample size. Raw Bray-Curtis analysis of KEGG Orthology profiles showed a DietGroup association, but this association was not robust to direct-depth adjustment or Aitchison analysis. CAZy profiles were descriptive and showed no significant DietGroup effect. These results indicate short-term, depth-sensitive associations between dietary treatment and gut-sample bacterial and archaeal profiles. They do not establish resident status, microbial activity, or a physiological mechanism.},
}

@article {pmid42652430,
year = {2026},
author = {Kashkouli, M and Khajehali, J and Mehrabadi, M},
title = {Manipulation of Microbial Symbionts in Bemisia tabaci and Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) Reveals Divergent Impacts on Insect Host Fitness and Plant Defense Modulation.},
journal = {Insects},
volume = {17},
number = {8},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/insects17080775},
pmid = {42652430},
issn = {2075-4450},
support = {4004174//Iranian National Science Foundation (INSF)/ ; },
abstract = {Insect-microbe symbioses play pivotal roles in host ecology and plant-insect interactions, yet their species-specific functions in agricultural pests remain less understood. This study elucidates the functional role of symbiotic microbial communities in mediating insect host fitness and plant defense responses in two economically important whitefly species, Bemisia tabaci Gennadius and Trialeurodes vaporariorum Westwood (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae). Using integrated molecular and physiological approaches, we characterized species-specific responses to antibiotic treatments (rifampicin and tetracycline) and their cascading effects on tripartite plant-insect-microbe interactions. In B. tabaci, antibiotic exposure induced significant depletion of the obligate symbiont Portiera and facultative Rickettsia (except for tetracycline-mediated Portiera proliferation), correlating with enhanced plant immune responses. In parallel, antibiotic treatments increased the titers of Hamiltonella and Rickettsia alongside constitutive plant defense suppression in T. vaporariorum, though tetracycline uniquely induced AOS expression elevation. Developmental assays revealed stage-specific vulnerabilities, with late nymphal and pupal stages showing high sensitivity to symbiont disruption, culminating in complete mortality within 40-50 d post-treatment. These findings show that microbial symbionts are essential to whitefly nutrition and evasion of plant anti-herbivore defenses. Our results provide a mechanistic basis for understanding symbiont-assisted invasion success in these whitefly species and underscore the potential of microbiome-targeted approaches for sustainable whitefly management.},
}

@article {pmid42652457,
year = {2026},
author = {Ji, J and Xu, Y and Li, Y and Xu, H and Lu, Z and Wen, R and Shen, S and Wu, Y and Huang, J and Guo, J},
title = {Alterations in the Gut Microbiome of Loxostege sticticalis in Response to Temperature and Photoperiod Changes.},
journal = {Insects},
volume = {17},
number = {8},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/insects17080802},
pmid = {42652457},
issn = {2075-4450},
support = {2022YFD1400600//National Key Research and Development Program of China/ ; JYT2022014//Basic scientific research fund project for provincial universities/ ; BSJJ202208//Doctoral research fund project/ ; },
abstract = {Loxostege sticticalis is a destructive pest that survives winter by entering diapause. Photoperiod and temperature trigger this dormancy, but their effects on gut bacteria are unclear. We hypothesized that photoperiod and temperature interact to alter the gut bacterial community structure and function and that these microbial changes may be involved in diapause preparation. To test this hypothesis, this study investigated how different photoperiod (L10:D14 and L16:D8) and temperature (18, 22, 26 and 30 °C) combinations shape the gut bacterial communities and their predicted functions in L. sticticalis larvae using 16S rRNA sequencing. The larval gut contained 29 phyla, 52 classes, 128 orders, 205 families, 407 genera, and 281 ASVs at species-level taxonomic annotation. Under a short-day photoperiod (L10:D14), the 26 °C treatment caused a dramatic loss of α-diversity and an almost complete dominance of Enterococcus (99.96%). β-diversity clearly separated this group from all others. LEfSe identified Enterococcus as its exclusive biomarker. Functionally, this group showed significantly elevated carbohydrate metabolism but reduced amino acid metabolism, energy metabolism, and metabolism of cofactors and vitamins. No such simplification occurred under long-day photoperiod (L16:D8) or at other temperatures under short-day conditions. These findings raise the hypothesis that gut microbiota may participate in metabolic reprogramming during diapause preparation and that environmental factors such as photoperiod and temperature could mediate host life history strategies via the microbiota. However, because diapause status was not directly measured, this connection remains an inference. If validated, these microbial changes could provide a basis for developing novel pest management strategies by targeting the processes associated with diapause induction.},
}

@article {pmid42652496,
year = {2026},
author = {Ezzaitouni, M and Chelh, TC and Belarbi, EH and Guil-Guerrero, JL},
title = {Engineering Nutritional Profiles in Edible Insects Through Diet-Microbiome Interactions: Mechanisms, Applications and Future Directions.},
journal = {Insects},
volume = {17},
number = {8},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/insects17080842},
pmid = {42652496},
issn = {2075-4450},
abstract = {The growing demand for sustainable and nutritionally optimized protein sources has positioned edible insects as promising platforms for next-generation food and feed systems. Although insect composition varies with diet, the deliberate engineering of their nutritional profiles through controlled dietary and microbiome modulation remains insufficiently characterized. This review proposes an integrative framework in which edible insects are conceptualized as programmable biological systems whose biochemical composition can be tailored through diet-microbiome interactions. Current evidence is critically synthesized to elucidate how dietary inputs, including agro-industrial by-products and algal biomass, reshape gut microbial communities and metabolic pathways in key species such as Hermetia illucens, Tenebrio molitor, and Acheta domesticus. Emphasis is placed on engineering lipid metabolism and fatty acid composition because of their relevance to human nutrition, animal nutrition, and the development of functional food and feed products. By integrating insights from insect physiology, microbiology, and nutritional biochemistry, this work outlines strategies for precision feeding and microbiome-guided interventions aimed at optimizing insect-derived biomass. Key knowledge gaps and technical limitations are also identified, highlighting the need to transition from empirical approaches toward predictive, systems-based nutritional engineering. Collectively, this review highlights the transition from empirical feeding strategies toward predictive, systems-based approaches for designing customized insect biomass within sustainable circular bioeconomy frameworks.},
}

@article {pmid42652510,
year = {2026},
author = {Qi, L and Xiong, S and Wei, Y and Zhao, Z and Ma, Y and Ju, Y and Masakorala, K and Cai, M and Yu, C},
title = {Nutrient-Microbiota Co-Regulation of Protein Conversion in Black Soldier Fly Larvae: The Role of Alkali-Soluble Protein and Gut Microbial Communities.},
journal = {Insects},
volume = {17},
number = {8},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/insects17080856},
pmid = {42652510},
issn = {2075-4450},
support = {42477265//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 42577505//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; NYWSWZX2025-2027-06//Major Program of Agricultural Microbial Industry of Hubei Province/ ; 2019BJH021//Innovation Base for Introducing Talents of Discipline of Hubei Province/ ; },
abstract = {Insect protein farming offers sustainable advantages in land efficiency, emission reductions, and bioconversion, yet optimizing the nutrient composition remains a major challenge for cost-effective production. This study investigates the co-regulatory mechanism between alkali-soluble protein (SpA) and the gut microbiota in black soldier fly larvae (Hermetia illucens) and their effect on protein conversion efficiency. Feeding trials with varying alfalfa/SpA ratios identified a wheat middlings/alfalfa meal blend at a (5:0 ratio) as optimal for promoting larval protein accumulation. SDS-PAGE and 16S rRNA analyses revealed a strong positive correlation between SpA and larval crude protein (R[2] = 0.82). The network analysis and Pearson correlation heatmap further confirmed positive correlations among SpA, larval protein, Enterococcus, and Ignatzschineria (p < 0.05), suggesting that high SpA in the substrate was associated with the enrichment of these taxa, which synergistically enhanced proteolysis through alkaline protease secretion (R[2] = 0.85) and chitinase-mediated gut remodeling. Multi-linear regression modeling verified SpA as a superior predictor of the crude protein content compared with total nitrogen (TN), improving the model's coefficient of determination (R[2]) from 0.40 to 0.82. These findings highlight SpA's higher bioavailability and its direct role in metabolic utilization. By integrating the feed composition, microbiome function, and host metabolism, this study established a regulatory network driving larval protein biosynthesis. The targeted modulation of dietary SpA content may offer a promising approach to enhance beneficial microbial communities and improve protein conversion efficiency in BSFL-rearing systems. These findings provide a theoretical basis for optimizing feed formulations to support sustainable insect protein production from organic waste.},
}

@article {pmid42652525,
year = {2026},
author = {Wu, PR and Shelomi, M},
title = {Effect of Protein Supplementation on the Gut Microbiome of Omnivorous and Herbivorous Goliath Beetles.},
journal = {Insects},
volume = {17},
number = {8},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/insects17080871},
pmid = {42652525},
issn = {2075-4450},
support = {NSTC-114-2311-B-002-017//National Science and Technology Council/ ; 113L7801//Ministry of Education/ ; },
abstract = {Scarab beetles depend on gut microbes for digestive enzymes. Some species' microbiomes show taxonomic conservation regardless of diet, while others have conserved functional profiles. We compared the hindgut microbiomes of two Cetoniinae beetle larvae: the obligately saproxylophagous Mecynorrhinella poggei and the omnivorous/predatory Goliathus goliatus, which requires protein supplementation when reared artificially. Two diets with and without supplementation were used. If diet drives the microbiome, then gut microbes in protein-supplemented hosts should produce fewer lignocellulolytic enzymes and more proteinases regardless of species. If microbiome composition is conserved within a species, then Mecynorrhinella is expected to have more lignocellulolytic microbes while Goliathus should have more proteinolytic microbes regardless of diet. In this study, low-protein diets reduced G. goliatus growth, but gut microbiome composition and predicted function remained largely stable, dominated by Bacteroidales including Dysgonomonas, Proteiniphilum, and Alistipes. Mecynorrhinella's gut microbiome showed some reduced Proteiniphilum and increased Dysgonomonas relative abundance, but otherwise the microbiome composition was statistically stable with no effect of diet on growth or predicted microbiome function. These results highlight that microbiomes of closely related insects can markedly differ even if diet does not and that microbiome functional conservation tied to host physiology may occur even if greater plasticity could theoretically reduce malnutrition.},
}

@article {pmid42652532,
year = {2026},
author = {Gao, X and Li, Q and Yan, F and Su, C and Wang, X and Xu, P and Ren, G and Mao, M},
title = {Parental Broflanilide Exposure Impairs Offspring Fitness and Alters Detoxification Enzymes and Gut Microbiota in Helicoverpa armigera.},
journal = {Insects},
volume = {17},
number = {8},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/insects17080878},
pmid = {42652532},
issn = {2075-4450},
support = {110202401012(LS-02) and 110202401017(LS-07)//Major Special Projects for Green Pest Control/ ; Grant No. ASTIP-TRIC04//Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program/ ; },
abstract = {The cotton bollworm Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner, 1808) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a globally distributed polyphagous pest that damages various crops. Pesticides remain a primary and effective strategy for controlling cotton bollworm populations. This study evaluated the effects of broflanilide on H. armigera by integrating life-table analysis, detoxification enzyme activity assays, and gut microbiome characterization. Broflanilide showed high toxicity against third-instar larvae. Parental LC50 exposure prolonged larval development and reduced larval survival in the F1 generation. In addition, parental exposure to both LC30 and LC50 reduced adult emergence, fecundity and major population growth parameters, especially the intrinsic rate of increase (r) and net reproductive rate (R0), demonstrating a significant transgenerational inhibitory effect. Enzyme assays showed that carboxylesterase (CarE) activity was induced after broflanilide exposure, glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity showed a time-dependent response with the strongest induction generally observed under LC10 treatment, whereas cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (P450) activity was generally inhibited. Gut microbiota analysis showed that LC50 exposure significantly reduced the relative abundance of Enterococcus. Functional prediction further indicated enrichment trends in pathways related to xenobiotic degradation and metabolism. Overall, broflanilide not only exhibited strong lethal activity against H. armigera, but also produced sustained effects on population fitness, detoxification metabolism and gut microbial ecology. These findings provide a theoretical basis for the rational use of broflanilide and improve our understanding of its sublethal physiological and microbial effects on H. armigera.},
}

@article {pmid42652618,
year = {2026},
author = {Barrancotto, A and Di Cola, S and Melandro, F and Lapenna, L and Vignone, A and Bencivenga, A and Brancati, A and Lucatelli, P and Corona, M and Gioia, S and Nardelli, S},
title = {Artificial Intelligence for Personalized Prediction of Post-TIPS Outcomes: Integrating Clinical, Biochemical, and Radiomics Data-A Narrative Review.},
journal = {Journal of clinical medicine},
volume = {15},
number = {16},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/jcm15166211},
pmid = {42652618},
issn = {2077-0383},
abstract = {Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) is an established treatment for complications of portal hypertension, but hepatic encephalopathy (HE), liver dysfunction, rebleeding, and mortality remain difficult to predict in otherwise eligible candidates. However, predicting post-TIPS outcomes remains challenging using conventional risk scores such as MELD 3.0 and Child-Turcotte-Pugh. This narrative review critically evaluates how clinical, biochemical, procedural, conventional imaging, handcrafted radiomics, and deep-learning features can be integrated for personalized post-TIPS risk prediction, supplemented by backward and forward reference checking. Thirty-two original post-TIPS studies met the core inclusion criteria: 18 focused primarily on clinical, biochemical, hemodynamic, microbiome, or procedural predictors and 14 on imaging, body composition, radiomics, or multimodal models. AI, ML, and radiomics models, by the aim of logistic regression, tree-based ensembles, support vector machines, artificial neural networks, and hybrid deep-learning models, able to capture non-linear interactions, have consistently demonstrated improved predictive performance compared with conventional scores, particularly for HE, with reported incidences of approximately 20-47%, mortality, and liver dysfunction. Their advantage lies in the ability to model complex, non-linear relationships and integrate heterogeneous data sources, including laboratory parameters, ammonia levels, hemodynamic variables, and imaging-derived features. Radiomics and deep learning approaches further enhance predictive accuracy. CT is currently the principal imaging substrate, while direct post-TIPS radiomics evidence for MRI and ultrasound remains sparse. Studies of liver and spleen morphology, portal-vein geometry, muscle and adipose tissue, and radiomic texture suggest incremental information beyond conventional scores, particularly when clinical and imaging features are combined; however, negative volumetric findings show that additional image features do not automatically improve prediction. However, most studies are retrospective, single-center, and lack external validation and no validated transformer-based or other sequence model has yet been established for post-TIPS outcomes. Standardization issues in radiomics and limited model interpretability remain significant barriers. Future directions should lead to prospective multicenter cohort validation, increasing sample sizes, harmonized imaging and endpoint definitions, locked external validation with recalibration, and the development of clinically interpretable tools to make it easier to identify those patients suitable for TIPS and their post-procedural management.},
}

@article {pmid42652658,
year = {2026},
author = {Moslehi, D and Johnson, L and Charrow, AP and Pastar, I},
title = {Intrinsic Dysregulation and Environmental Modifiers in Hidradenitis Suppurativa: Toward an Integrated Pathophysiologic Model.},
journal = {Journal of clinical medicine},
volume = {15},
number = {16},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/jcm15166256},
pmid = {42652658},
issn = {2077-0383},
abstract = {Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is increasingly recognized as a disorder of intrinsic dysregulation at the intersection of genetic susceptibility, host-microbial interactions, and hormonal signaling, with select environmental exposures acting as important secondary modifiers. This narrative review synthesizes mechanistic, clinical, and epidemiologic evidence on intrinsic and extrinsic contributors to HS pathogenesis. Genetic susceptibility for HS involves pathways regulating keratinocyte differentiation, epidermal stem cell function, and follicular architecture, including Notch signaling and transcriptional regulators such as SOX9 and KLF5. Microbiome alterations in both lesional and non-lesional skin suggest that early dysbiosis may contribute to follicular occlusion, epithelial disruption, and immune activation. Hormonal signaling, particularly androgen signaling, promotes follicular dysfunction and inflammation during periods of hormonal fluctuation, frequently aligning with the time of disease onset and flares. Environmental exposures vary considerably in the strength of supporting evidence: tobacco use and elevated body mass index have the most robust epidemiologic and mechanistic data, heat and humidity are increasingly recognized as disease activity modifiers, and evidence for air pollution and microplastics is growing. Collectively, these findings support a model in which HS arises from intrinsic follicular dysregulation shaped by genetic, microbial, and hormonal factors, with environmental exposures influencing but unlikely to independently initiate disease.},
}

@article {pmid42652757,
year = {2026},
author = {Maghiar, L and Iftode, A and Maghiar, TA and Chioibas, R and Grecu, T and Neamțu, C and Ioan, SM and Dehelean, CA and Dumitrescu, C and Neamțu, AA},
title = {Occupational Contact Dermatitis in the Post-COVID Era: From Barrier Dysfunction and Microbiome Dysbiosis to Prevention and Precision Management.},
journal = {Journal of clinical medicine},
volume = {15},
number = {16},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/jcm15166353},
pmid = {42652757},
issn = {2077-0383},
abstract = {Background/Objectives: Occupational contact dermatitis (OCD) is the most common work-related skin disease, accounting for roughly 90-95% of occupational dermatoses and falling predominantly on the hands. It is rarely dangerous yet imposes a substantial burden through impaired quality of life, lost productivity, and premature exit from affected trades. The COVID-19 pandemic intensified this burden among healthcare workers, in whom the pooled one-year prevalence of self-reported hand eczema reaches around 27%; meta-analytic data link the increased risk principally to frequent handwashing and wet work rather than to alcohol-based hand rub. Methods: This narrative review, which follows a non-systematic, thematically organised search strategy rather than PRISMA methodology, integrates current evidence on the epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, prevention, and management of OCD, with particular emphasis on the self-reinforcing cycle linking skin barrier disruption, microbiome dysbiosis, and antimicrobial-peptide dysregulation to inflammation. Results: We critically appraise the prevention evidence, foregrounding the low certainty of the existing trial base and the tension between the randomised trials of primary and secondary prevention, which have been null, and the encouraging but uncontrolled results of structured tertiary-prevention programmes. We summarise recent therapeutic advances, including topical delgocitinib, and situate the field within the World Health Organisation's 2025 recognition of skin diseases as a global public health priority. Established evidence and hypotheses are kept separate throughout: we additionally advance, explicitly as a conjecture rather than as a demonstrated mechanism, a conceptual trans-kingdom dialogue model in which protease-generated LL-37 fragments may modulate staphylococcal quorum sensing, and each step of that model is labelled according to whether the supporting evidence is direct, extrapolated, or as yet untested. Conclusions: We argue that the prevention failure is less one of biology than of trial design and measurement, and outline the research needed to close the gap.},
}

@article {pmid42653097,
year = {2026},
author = {Lima, O and Rodríguez-Costas, N and Pérez-Rodríguez, MT and Davina-Nunez, C and Represa, M and Rubiñán, P and Alvarez, M and Ávila-Nuñez, M and Filgueira, A and Portela, C and Sopeña, B and Vasallo Vidal, FJ and Pérez-Castro, S},
title = {KEGG-Based Functional Signatures Complement Taxonomic Profiles Associated with Spontaneous Decolonisation of Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacterales.},
journal = {International journal of molecular sciences},
volume = {27},
number = {16},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/ijms27167092},
pmid = {42653097},
issn = {1422-0067},
mesh = {Humans ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome/genetics ; *Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae/genetics/drug effects/classification ; *Carbapenems/pharmacology ; *Enterobacteriaceae Infections/microbiology ; Computational Biology/methods ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology ; Metagenomics/methods ; },
abstract = {Understanding the functional potential of the gut microbiota for carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) decolonisation is essential for developing novel non-antibiotic strategies to promote their clearance. In a previous study, we identified distinct taxonomic signatures associated with spontaneous CRE decolonisation (DeCol). Here, we aimed to determine whether these taxonomic differences were accompanied by differences in the predicted functional potential of the gut microbiota. Patients were identified from a database of individuals colonised with CRE. We performed Illumina shotgun metagenomic sequencing on 14 persistent CRE carriage (Col) and 23 DeCol patients with OXA-48-producing isolates. Bioinformatic analysis was performed using SqueezeMeta and differential abundance of functional and metabolic genes was assessed using DESeq2. Several antimicrobial resistance genes, including blaOXA-48, were underrepresented in DeCol patients. In contrast, DeCol patients showed an overrepresentation of genes associated with motility, regulated adhesion, short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-related pathways and alternative carbohydrate metabolism. These orthologue enrichment patterns are consistent with functions previously linked to intestinal homeostasis in the literature. Conversely, Col patients exhibited an overrepresentation of genes associated with redox defence, biofilm formation and amino acid metabolism, suggesting distinct predicted functional profiles between persistent carriage and spontaneous decolonisation. Spontaneous CRE decolonisation was associated with distinct KEGG-based functional signatures and a lower abundance of antimicrobial resistance determinants. These functional profiles were consistent with the taxonomic differences previously identified in the same cohort and generate hypotheses regarding microbiome functions that may contribute to colonisation clearance. Because these findings are based on gene-content analysis, they reflect predicted functional potential rather than direct evidence of metabolic activity. Further multi-omics and experimental studies are required to validate these observations.},
}

Humans
*Gastrointestinal Microbiome/genetics
*Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae/genetics/drug effects/classification
*Carbapenems/pharmacology
*Enterobacteriaceae Infections/microbiology
Computational Biology/methods
Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology
Metagenomics/methods

@article {pmid42653128,
year = {2026},
author = {Magharehabed, Y and Ibrahim, Z and Shiekhtholth, H and Yusuf, N},
title = {Ultra-Processed Diets and Pediatric Acne: Insulin-mTOR Activation and Its Potential Role in Cutaneous Inflammation.},
journal = {International journal of molecular sciences},
volume = {27},
number = {16},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/ijms27167123},
pmid = {42653128},
issn = {1422-0067},
mesh = {Humans ; *Acne Vulgaris/metabolism/etiology/pathology ; *TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism ; *Insulin/metabolism ; Child ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I/metabolism ; Skin/pathology/metabolism ; *Inflammation/metabolism/etiology ; *Diet/adverse effects ; Animals ; Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 1/metabolism ; },
abstract = {Acne vulgaris is an inflammatory cutaneous condition that disproportionately affects the pediatric population. While there are several risk factors, emerging evidence suggests that ultra-processed foods (UPFs), as part of Western dietary patterns, may contribute to acne pathophysiology through activation of inflammatory pathways, such as mTORC1. This comprehensive review synthesizes current evidence regarding acne pathogenesis in conjunction with diet-associated inflammatory cascades to better illustrate the potential role of diet as an adjunct to clinical management in pediatric patients. The current literature suggests that increased insulin/IGF-1 levels may contribute to alterations in the skin and gut microbiota. Additionally, components commonly found in UPFs have been proposed to activate the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex (mTORC1) through insulin/IGF-1-dependent and -independent mechanisms, perpetuating inflammatory pathways that give rise to acne pathogenesis. However, the majority of available evidence is derived from adult cohorts; pediatric-specific evidence remains limited. While studies have demonstrated clinical significance in acne severity with dietary interventions, future high-quality studies are required. Through understanding the relationship between diet and acne pathogenesis, future therapeutic and preventative strategies may be developed to improve pediatric acne clinical outcomes.},
}

Humans
*Acne Vulgaris/metabolism/etiology/pathology
*TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism
*Insulin/metabolism
Child
Insulin-Like Growth Factor I/metabolism
Skin/pathology/metabolism
*Inflammation/metabolism/etiology
*Diet/adverse effects
Animals
Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 1/metabolism

@article {pmid42653180,
year = {2026},
author = {Feng, J and Wang, X and Cao, H and Zhang, Y and Xu, J and Wang, G and Zhu, X and Deng, S},
title = {The Role of Lachnospiraceae in Liver Diseases: Recent Advances and Clinical Application Prospects.},
journal = {International journal of molecular sciences},
volume = {27},
number = {16},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/ijms27167175},
pmid = {42653180},
issn = {1422-0067},
support = {82403472//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; F00326027001//Wuhan Union Hospital/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *Liver Diseases/microbiology/therapy ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; Animals ; },
abstract = {Chronic liver diseases impose a considerable global public health burden, yet available treatment options remain largely inadequate. The gut microbiota exerts a key modulatory effect on liver disease pathogenesis via the gut-liver axis. Among them, Lachnospiraceae, a dominant bacterial family in the healthy adult gut, has drawn growing interest in recent years. Lachnospiraceae exert protective functions by producing short-chain fatty acids, participating in secondary bile acid conversion, and synthesizing active metabolites such as N-acetyl-glutamic acid, thereby maintaining intestinal barrier integrity and regulating host metabolic and immune homeostasis. Extensive evidence indicates that in cirrhosis, alcohol-associated liver disease, and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease, Lachnospiraceae abundance is consistently and significantly reduced, and this decrease is closely correlated with disease severity and adverse prognosis. In hepatocellular carcinoma, however, different members of Lachnospiraceae exhibit functional divergence, with some butyrate-producing genera decreasing while other subgroups may become enriched and influence the tumor immune microenvironment. Live biotherapeutic products based on Lachnospiraceae have achieved clinical breakthroughs in recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection and metabolic syndrome, providing important references for their translational application in liver diseases. This review systematically synthesizes the abundance changes and mechanisms of Lachnospiraceae across major liver diseases, evaluates their biomarker and therapeutic target potential, and seeks to provide fresh perspectives for precision microbiome-modulating strategies in chronic liver disease management.},
}

Humans
*Liver Diseases/microbiology/therapy
*Gastrointestinal Microbiome
Animals

@article {pmid42653208,
year = {2026},
author = {Hu, Y and Huang, G and Soonjae, K},
title = {Tea Bioactive Compounds in Obesity Prevention and Management: Processing-Dependent Composition, Molecular Mechanisms, Human Evidence, and Translational Challenges.},
journal = {International journal of molecular sciences},
volume = {27},
number = {16},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/ijms27167203},
pmid = {42653208},
issn = {1422-0067},
mesh = {Humans ; *Obesity/prevention & control/metabolism ; *Tea/chemistry ; Animals ; Catechin/chemistry/pharmacology ; Anti-Obesity Agents ; Energy Metabolism/drug effects ; *Plant Extracts/chemistry/pharmacology ; Caffeine/pharmacology/chemistry ; },
abstract = {Obesity is a heterogeneous chronic disease for which safe, scalable adjuncts to lifestyle and clinical care remain needed. Tea derived from Camellia sinensis contains catechins, caffeine, theaflavins, thearubigins, theabrownins, polysaccharides, and other constituents whose abundance is shaped by withering, fixation, partial oxidation, full oxidation, and post-fermentation. This review integrates processing-dependent composition with molecular mechanisms, gut-liver signaling, human evidence, safety, and real-world preparation. Evidence is strongest for modest effects of green-tea catechin-caffeine preparations on energy metabolism and selected anthropometric or lipid outcomes, whereas inhibition of adipogenesis, activation of AMP-activated protein kinase, browning of white adipose tissue, and many appetite-related pathways remain supported mainly by cell and rodent studies. A recent meta-analysis in women with overweight or obesity estimated mean reductions of -1.23 kg in body weight and -3.46 cm in waist circumference, with intervention durations across the included trials typically ranging from 4 to 24 weeks, though most of the evidence derives from short- to medium-term interventions (generally ≤12 weeks); heterogeneity was moderate to high and the average weight effect remained below conventional clinical thresholds. Partially oxidized oolong tea and fully oxidized or post-fermented teas provide distinct profiles of caffeine, oxidized polyphenols, and microbial metabolites; their metabolic effects are promising but are less consistently tested in adequately powered human trials. Across tea types, convergent mechanisms include reduced digestive-enzyme activity, increased fatty-acid oxidation, modulation of thermogenesis, reinforcement of the intestinal barrier, and microbiota-dependent production of short-chain fatty acids and bile-acid signals. Translation is constrained by low systemic polyphenol exposure (i.e., limited bioavailability of intact catechins and their metabolites in circulation due to poor intestinal absorption, extensive phase-II metabolism, and rapid clearance), non-standardized doses and products, short intervention periods, interindividual variability, and limited direct comparisons among tea types. Available clinical data do not support tea as a primary treatment for obesity; rather, unsweetened tea or standardized preparations may serve as adjuncts to evidence-based dietary, physical activity, behavioral, and medical management. Priority areas include physiologically relevant dosing, standardized reporting of brewed-tea composition, long-term trials, and microbiome-informed personalization.},
}

Humans
*Obesity/prevention & control/metabolism
*Tea/chemistry
Animals
Catechin/chemistry/pharmacology
Anti-Obesity Agents
Energy Metabolism/drug effects
*Plant Extracts/chemistry/pharmacology
Caffeine/pharmacology/chemistry

@article {pmid42653262,
year = {2026},
author = {Al-Badran, SSF and Fisher, N and Dunne, PD and Johnstone, M and Maka, N and Rooney, WM and Campbell, S and Capewell, P and Andersen, D and Lynch, G and McSorley, S and Edwards, J},
title = {Detection of Fusobacterium nucleatum in Colorectal Adenomas Reveals Associations with Immune Molecular Signatures.},
journal = {International journal of molecular sciences},
volume = {27},
number = {16},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/ijms27167258},
pmid = {42653262},
issn = {1422-0067},
support = {105858/CRUK_/Cancer Research UK/United Kingdom ; CRUK EDDPGM-Nov25/100003/CRUK_/Cancer Research UK/United Kingdom ; 105858//Innovate UK/ ; 10054829//Innovate UK/ ; PHD-50246-2020//Medical Research Scotland/ ; CTRQQR-405 2021/100006).//Cancer Research UK Scotland Institute/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *Fusobacterium nucleatum/isolation & purification/genetics/immunology ; *Colorectal Neoplasms/microbiology/genetics/immunology/pathology ; *Adenoma/microbiology/genetics/immunology/pathology ; *Fusobacterium Infections/microbiology/immunology/genetics/complications ; Transcriptome ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Mutation ; Aged ; Gene Expression Profiling ; },
abstract = {Fusobacterium nucleatum has been implicated in colorectal cancer, but its role in adenomas remains unclear. We applied an RNA-based detection of F. nucleatum in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded adenoma tissue and explored the mutational landscape and transcriptomic profile of F. nucleatum+ patients in comparison to F. nucleatum- patients. Bespoke F. nucleatum probes successfully detected F. nucleatum in 11% of adenomas. F. nucleatum+ patients exhibited a positively enriched anti-bacterial defence response and immune-related transcriptomic signatures, as well as a proliferative profile. These findings suggest that F. nucleatum positivity is associated with immune and proliferative transcriptomic signatures in colorectal adenomas, but this requires validation in larger, longitudinal cohorts.},
}

Humans
*Fusobacterium nucleatum/isolation & purification/genetics/immunology
*Colorectal Neoplasms/microbiology/genetics/immunology/pathology
*Adenoma/microbiology/genetics/immunology/pathology
*Fusobacterium Infections/microbiology/immunology/genetics/complications
Transcriptome
Female
Middle Aged
Mutation
Aged
Gene Expression Profiling

@article {pmid42653350,
year = {2026},
author = {Woźniak, Ł and Antonowicz, B and Mierzejewska, ŻA and Kosicka, E and Lechien, JR and Borys, J},
title = {Titanium Degradation Products from Dental Implants: Mechanisms of Release, Biodistribution, and Analytical Detection in Biological Matrices.},
journal = {International journal of molecular sciences},
volume = {27},
number = {16},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/ijms27167346},
pmid = {42653350},
issn = {1422-0067},
mesh = {*Titanium/chemistry/metabolism/pharmacokinetics ; *Dental Implants ; Humans ; Corrosion ; Animals ; Tissue Distribution ; Surface Properties ; },
abstract = {Titanium-based implants remain among the most successful biomaterials in modern dentistry, but accumulating evidence demonstrates that titanium is not biologically inert under long-term physiological conditions. Mechanical loading, tribocorrosion, acidic and oxidative microenvironments, and biofilm-driven electrochemical processes contribute to progressive surface degradation and the release of titanium ions, microparticles, and nanoparticles into surrounding tissues and biological fluids. The present narrative review synthesizes current evidence regarding the mechanisms of titanium release from dental implant surfaces, the biodistribution of degradation-derived species across local and systemic biological compartments, and the analytical methodologies used to detect and characterize them. Mechanisms of electrochemical corrosion, tribocorrosion, and nanoparticle generation are critically discussed alongside biofilm-mediated acceleration of surface degradation. The biological matrices in which titanium has been measured-including peri-implant tissues, peri-implant crevicular fluid, saliva, blood, regional lymph nodes, and distant organs-are reviewed with attention to the methodologies employed (ICP-MS, SP-ICP-MS, LA-ICP-MS, SEM-EDS, TEM, XRF, and synchrotron-based approaches) and their respective strengths and limitations. Methodological heterogeneity in implant characterization, sample preparation, contamination control, and discrimination between ionic and particulate species is identified as a major source of inconsistency across the current literature. The biological consequences of titanium dissemination-including oxidative, immunological, microbiome-associated, and systemic responses-are addressed in detail in a companion review. Together, these analyses are intended to support the design of more rigorous, integrated, and clinically translatable investigations of implant-associated biomaterial degradation.},
}

*Titanium/chemistry/metabolism/pharmacokinetics
*Dental Implants
Humans
Corrosion
Animals
Tissue Distribution
Surface Properties

@article {pmid42653362,
year = {2026},
author = {Gupta, A and Nair, S},
title = {Microbiome-Epigenome Interplay Impacts Microbial Symbiosis and Stress Adaptations in the Brown Planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens).},
journal = {International journal of molecular sciences},
volume = {27},
number = {16},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/ijms27167357},
pmid = {42653362},
issn = {1422-0067},
support = {Core Grants//International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology/ ; Extra-mural Grants//Department of Biotechnology/ ; Extra-mural Grants//Department of Science and Technology/ ; Senior Research Fellowship//Council of Scientific and Industrial Research/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Hemiptera/microbiology/genetics/physiology ; *Symbiosis/genetics ; *Stress, Physiological/genetics ; *Epigenome ; *Epigenesis, Genetic ; *Adaptation, Physiological/genetics ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome/drug effects/genetics ; Azacitidine/pharmacology ; },
abstract = {The gut microbiota and epigenetic processes both contribute to insect survival and adaptation; however, the relationship between these two systems remains largely unexplored. In this study, we used the brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens; BPH) to explore microbiome-epigenome interactions and evaluate its impact on BPH survivability under environmental stress. Disruption of the gut microbiome using antibiotics significantly altered the epigenetic profile of various stress-responsive genes in the BPH. Similarly, perturbations in the epigenome induced by 5-azacytidine resulted in an altered microbiome with diverse metabolic capacities, thus indicating the potential role of epigenetics in maintaining microbial symbiosis in BPH. Further, analysis of gene expression profiles revealed that 5-azacytidine treatment altered the mRNA levels of various genes involved in BPH immunity, suggesting that epigenetic mechanisms regulate and sustain microbial symbionts in insects by modulating their immune system. Altogether, these findings suggest an interplay between the epigenome and microbiome, that influences gene regulation and microbe-mediated regulation of shared metabolic pathways in BPH. Our results highlight new research avenues into the molecular mechanisms of symbiont-enabled herbivory and have implications for future studies on the relationship between gut microbiota and epigenetic mechanisms, the evolution of these processes and their effects on insect-plant interactions in changing environments.},
}

Animals
*Hemiptera/microbiology/genetics/physiology
*Symbiosis/genetics
*Stress, Physiological/genetics
*Epigenome
*Epigenesis, Genetic
*Adaptation, Physiological/genetics
*Gastrointestinal Microbiome/drug effects/genetics
Azacitidine/pharmacology

@article {pmid42653376,
year = {2026},
author = {Dowgiałło, M and Kropidłowska, M and Proia, P and Łubkowska, B},
title = {Microbial Communities Across Sports Surfaces: Exploring the Biology of Athletic Environments.},
journal = {International journal of molecular sciences},
volume = {27},
number = {16},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/ijms27167372},
pmid = {42653376},
issn = {1422-0067},
mesh = {Humans ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics ; *Microbiota ; *Sports ; *Bacteria/genetics/classification ; Skin Microbiome ; *Environmental Microbiology ; Biodiversity ; Phylogeny ; },
abstract = {Athletic environments-ranging from natural grass pitches and synthetic crumb-rubber turf to indoor mats and hardwood courts-are increasingly recognized as dynamic built-environment microbiomes rather than inert platforms. These surfaces are continuously exposed to human skin contact, perspiration and environmental debris, and may act as reservoirs for both beneficial commensals and opportunistic pathogens. The present study characterized and compared the taxonomic diversity of bacterial communities across four distinct sports surfaces and tested whether surface material or intensity of human use is the stronger determinant of community structure. Environmental swabs were collected from natural grass pitches, synthetic crumb-rubber turf, polyvinyl chloride (PVC) karate mats and hardwood squash courts, before and after sporting activity. Bacterial communities were profiled by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, with taxonomic assignment against the SILVA reference database. Alpha diversity was quantified using the Shannon and Simpson indices, and community structure (beta diversity) was visualized by Principal Coordinates Analysis (PCoA) on Bray-Curtis dissimilarities. Surface material was the strongest predictor of microbial composition. Natural grass exhibited high alpha diversity dominated by soil-dwelling Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria, whereas synthetic surfaces showed reduced diversity but a markedly higher prevalence of human skin-associated taxa (Staphylococcus, Corynebacterium and Streptococcus). High-contact PVC mats underwent a significant relative enrichment in these skin-associated genera following active training. PCoA revealed clear spatial segregation by material. A multivariate PERMANOVA confirmed surface material as the primary driver of microbial structure, explaining 52.2% of the total variance (p < 0.001), whereas the intensity of human use (pre- vs. post-activity) explained only 2.8% of the variance (p = 0.035), with a non-significant interaction term (p = 0.178). These findings demonstrate that sports surfaces are living biological landscapes whose microbial fingerprint is strongly associated with specific surface types. This provides a molecular baseline for targeted hygiene interventions and future antimicrobial-material design tailored to specific athletic disciplines.},
}

Humans
RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics
*Microbiota
*Sports
*Bacteria/genetics/classification
Skin Microbiome
*Environmental Microbiology
Biodiversity
Phylogeny

@article {pmid42653409,
year = {2026},
author = {Samarina, L and Turbekova, A and Jantassov, S and Demir, H and Kozhakhmetova, F and Begalina, A and Akzhunis, R and Aisakulova, K},
title = {Light-Root Microbiome Interactions in Vegetable Crops: From Photoreceptor Signaling to Exudate-Mediated Recruitment.},
journal = {International journal of molecular sciences},
volume = {27},
number = {16},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/ijms27167408},
pmid = {42653409},
issn = {1422-0067},
support = {AP23488411//Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Republic of Kazakhstan/ ; },
mesh = {*Microbiota/radiation effects ; *Plant Roots/microbiology/metabolism/radiation effects ; *Light ; *Crops, Agricultural/microbiology/metabolism ; Symbiosis ; *Vegetables/microbiology/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Rhizosphere ; },
abstract = {In protected cultivation, light intensity, spectral quality, red/far-red ratio, photoperiod and diel fluctuation can alter the belowground biological environment by modifying carbon allocation, root architecture, root exudation, nutrient acquisition, immune tone and rhizosphere physicochemistry. Direct community-level evidence in vegetables remains sparse, but targeted experiments on bacterial colonization, arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis, beneficial fungi and root pathogens show that light can condition specific plant-microbe interactions. This review develops a molecular framework for light-root-microbiome interactions in protected vegetable crops and distinguishes direct community evidence, targeted colonization or symbiosis evidence, crop-specific indirect evidence and mechanistic analogues. We synthesize how photoreceptors and PIF-, HY5-, hormone- and immunity-related pathways regulate root niche construction, while also considering direct microbial photoreception. Experimental examples include tomato rhizosphere responses to shading, R:FR-dependent colonization by Serratia plymuthica, phyB-HY5-strigolactone control of tomato mycorrhization, light-intensity effects on lettuce-AMF interactions, spectrum-dependent Trichoderma harzianum colonization and light sensing by Ralstonia pseudosolanacearum. The evidence supports the view that light acts as a conditional regulator whose effects depend on crop genotype, microbial partner, substrate, nutrient status and developmental stage. Progress will require factorial lighting experiments coupled with exudomics, stable-isotope tracing, absolute microbial quantification, isolate genomics, synthetic communities and pathogen-challenge assays.},
}

*Microbiota/radiation effects
*Plant Roots/microbiology/metabolism/radiation effects
*Light
*Crops, Agricultural/microbiology/metabolism
Symbiosis
*Vegetables/microbiology/metabolism
Signal Transduction
Rhizosphere

@article {pmid42653462,
year = {2026},
author = {Berber, AA and Yıldız, E and Demir, ŞN and Kenanoğlu, NA and Berber, N},
title = {Antibiotic-Induced Genotoxicity: Molecular Mechanisms, Cytogenetic Damage, and Implications for Human Health.},
journal = {International journal of molecular sciences},
volume = {27},
number = {16},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/ijms27167460},
pmid = {42653462},
issn = {1422-0067},
mesh = {Humans ; *Anti-Bacterial Agents/adverse effects ; *DNA Damage/drug effects ; Animals ; *Mutagens/toxicity ; },
abstract = {Global antibiotic consumption continues to rise across pediatric and adult populations, while the genotoxic consequences of host eukaryotic exposure remain less systematically characterized than the parallel problem of antimicrobial resistance. Several lines of evidence, from molecular cytogenetics, redox biology, and systems toxicology, now permit a more mechanistically resolved synthesis of antibiotic-induced genome stress than was previously possible, although a substantial fraction of this evidence is preclinical and warrants cautious clinical extrapolation. This narrative review evaluates the molecular mechanisms, cytogenetic biomarkers, and translational implications of antibiotic-induced genotoxicity, with a primary focus on six clinically prominent classes (fluoroquinolones, nitroimidazoles, aminoglycosides, macrolides, β-lactams, and tetracyclines) and a brief extension to glycopeptides and glycylcyclines. We organize the evidence around three convergent mechanistic axes rather than around individual drugs. Accumulating evidence supports three intersecting off-target axes: (i) eukaryotic topoisomerase II interference, principally documented for fluoroquinolones; (ii) mitochondrial dysfunction, reflecting the evolutionary kinship between the mitoribosome and bacterial ribosomes; and (iii) inflammation-coupled redox stress, often amplified by microbiome perturbation. These pathways converge on a common spectrum of DNA lesions-including double-strand breaks, oxidatively modified bases, replication-fork stalling, and chromosomal mis-segregation) detected by complementary assays (CBMN-Cyt, comet, γH2AX, and oxidative and mitochondrial biomarkers). Pediatric, pregnant, geriatric, and oncology populations may represent biologically distinct susceptibility strata, although direct human evidence for several of these inferences remains limited. Causal inference is constrained by infection as a confounder, frequent use of supratherapeutic in vitro concentrations, reliance on immortalized cell lines that may not recapitulate primary-cell repair capacity, inter-laboratory variability across cytogenetic assays, and a marked scarcity of pediatric and pregnancy biomonitoring data. Most existing positive signals derive from preclinical models; clinically validated long-term outcomes, particularly carcinogenic endpoints, remain inconsistently demonstrated for most antibiotic classes outside metronidazole. Antibiotic-induced genotoxicity appears to be a measurable and mechanistically tractable dimension of drug safety, though its clinical magnitude in real-world exposure scenarios requires further investigation. Integrating multi-omics, microphysiological systems, single-cell genotoxicology, and AI-assisted prediction may improve risk resolution, particularly in vulnerable populations. We argue that antimicrobial stewardship discussions should consider host genome integrity alongside resistance, while remaining mindful that the mechanistic case currently outpaces clinical-endpoint validation.},
}

Humans
*Anti-Bacterial Agents/adverse effects
*DNA Damage/drug effects
Animals
*Mutagens/toxicity

@article {pmid42653482,
year = {2026},
author = {Coșoreanu, MT and Gradisteanu Pircalabioru, G and Lixandru-Petre, IO and Ionescu, MI and Ioan, A and Cinteză, EE and Galoș, F},
title = {Distinct Inflammation-Associated Microbiome Signatures in Pediatric Non-IgE-Mediated Food Allergy.},
journal = {International journal of molecular sciences},
volume = {27},
number = {16},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/ijms27167482},
pmid = {42653482},
issn = {1422-0067},
support = {grant agreement - 101087007 - eBio-hub//HORIZON-WIDERA- 2022-TALENTS-01/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *Food Hypersensitivity/microbiology/immunology ; Female ; Male ; Child ; Feces/microbiology/chemistry ; Child, Preschool ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics ; Eosinophil-Derived Neurotoxin/metabolism ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; Leukocyte L1 Antigen Complex/analysis/metabolism ; *Inflammation/microbiology ; Biomarkers ; Immunoglobulin E/immunology ; Immunoglobulin A ; Bacteria/genetics/classification ; },
abstract = {Non-IgE-mediated food allergy is characterized by delayed gastrointestinal manifestations and the absence of reliable non-invasive biomarkers. Increasing evidence suggests that gut microbiota may contribute to this disease pathogenesis. The aim of this study was to characterize the gut microbiome composition in thirty pediatric patients diagnosed with non-IgE-mediated food allergy, in comparison to fifteen healthy controls children, and to investigate its association with fecal calprotectin, eosinophil-derived neurotoxin (EDN) and IgA. Gut microbiota profiling was performed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing targeting the V3-V4 region. Compared with healthy controls, higher mean relative abundances of Bacteroides, Faecalibacterium, Alistipes, Parabacteroides, and Sutterella were observed in patients. Conversely, healthy children showed higher mean relative abundances of Pseudobutyrivibrio, Roseburia, Bifidobacterium, Collinsella, Clostridium, Eubacterium, Streptococcus, and Barnesiella. Several genera (Escherichia-Shigella, Agathobacter, and Enterococcus/Streptococcus) were detected only in the allergy cohort. Shannon diversity was higher in patients compared to controls and in the subgroups of patients with elevated fecal calprotectin (p = 0.028), previous antibiotic exposure (p = 0.015), and atopic dermatitis (p = 0.021). Stratification according to inflammatory biomarkers identified a distinct inflammatory microbiome endotype characterized by increased fecal calprotectin and EDN together with enrichment of Veillonellaceae and depletion of Bifidobacteriaceae and Lachnospiraceae. Correlation analyses further revealed positive associations between Veillonella abundance and both fecal calprotectin and EDN. These findings suggest that pediatric non-IgE-mediated food allergy is characterized by distinct microbiome-inflammation relationships rather than a single dysbiotic signature.},
}

Humans
*Food Hypersensitivity/microbiology/immunology
Female
Male
Child
Feces/microbiology/chemistry
Child, Preschool
RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics
Eosinophil-Derived Neurotoxin/metabolism
*Gastrointestinal Microbiome
Leukocyte L1 Antigen Complex/analysis/metabolism
*Inflammation/microbiology
Biomarkers
Immunoglobulin E/immunology
Immunoglobulin A
Bacteria/genetics/classification

@article {pmid42653656,
year = {2026},
author = {Bakun, P and Mlynarczyk, DT and Durowicz, K and Tomczak, S and Dlugaszewska, J and Ziental, D and Kleszcz, R and Majchrzak-Celińska, A and Musielak, E and de Mezer, M and Baranowski, M and Wozniak-Braszak, A and Cicha, E and Krajka-Kuzniak, V and Jelinska, A and Goslinski, T and Piwowarczyk, L},
title = {Transferosomes Containing 20-Hydroxyecdysone for Psoriasis Treatment: Preparation, Characterization, and In Vitro and In Vivo Toxicity Assessment.},
journal = {Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {19},
number = {8},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/ph19081157},
pmid = {42653656},
issn = {1424-8247},
support = {2024/ABM/03/KPO/KPOD.07.07-IW.07-0043/24-00//Agencja Badań Medycznych/ ; },
abstract = {Background/Objectives: Psoriasis is a chronic, immune-mediated inflammatory skin disorder affecting millions of individuals worldwide. It remains a therapeutic challenge due to the limited skin penetration of many drugs, adverse systemic effects, and the need for long-term management. Transferosomal nanoformulations containing natural products were proposed as a potential therapeutic tool. Methods: Transferosomes containing 20-hydroxyecdysone and resveratrol were prepared using the thin-film hydration method followed by probe ultrasonication, generating several formulation variants differing in composition. The vesicles were characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) to determine size, polydispersity index (PDI), and zeta potential. Furthermore, time-domain nuclear magnetic resonance (TD-NMR) relaxation measurements were employed to evaluate local molecular dynamics and membrane fluidity, providing deeper insights into the structural integrity and elasticity of the transferosomal systems. The stability of the nanoformulations was assessed for one month in water and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). Viability was evaluated in vitro using the MTS assay on human epidermal keratinocyte (HEK) and psoriasis-patient derived human epidermal keratinocyte (PHEK) cell lines, alongside antimicrobial profiling against four representative human skin microbiome strains. Acute toxicity was further examined in vivo using the Danio rerio FET test. Results: The formulations demonstrated high physicochemical stability over the tested period, maintained desirable particle sizes within 100-200 nm, and showed no cytotoxicity toward skin-associated bacteria or in the zebrafish model. Conclusions: The developed nanoformulations present suitable properties in terms of safety and stability and can be considered for potential use in psoriasis treatment.},
}

@article {pmid42653694,
year = {2026},
author = {Bellato, E and Castoldi, F and Massobrio, L and Bartolotti, V and Giannone, C and Villavicencio, H and Mandras, N and Bondi, A and Menotti, F and Banche, G and Curtoni, A and Allizond, V},
title = {Complementary Time-Kill Activity Displayed by Povidone-Iodine and Hydrogen Peroxide Against Shoulder Arthroplasty-Associated Pathogens, Envisaging Intraoperative Irrigation.},
journal = {Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {19},
number = {8},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/ph19081197},
pmid = {42653694},
issn = {1424-8247},
support = {RF = 106691/2023.1748//Fondazione CRT/ ; 17th SECEC Research Grant 2023//European Society for Surgery of the Shoulder and the Elbow/ ; },
abstract = {Background: Prosthetic joint infection (PJI) following total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) is a rare but clinically relevant complication, largely attributable to the distinctive shoulder skin microbiome, predominantly composed of Cutibacterium acnes and coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS), which are considered low-virulence pathogens. Standard skin disinfection protocols do not completely prevent bacterial infiltration into the surgical field; therefore, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends the use of intraoperative irrigation to reduce the risk of shoulder PJIs. Recently, the use of povidone-iodine (PVI) irrigation has been shown to significantly reduce both bacterial load and diversity after TSA; however, its activity against C. acnes remains suboptimal. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate improved in vitro disinfection protocols by combining PVI and hydrogen peroxide for use as intraoperative irrigation in shoulder arthroplasty, which is characterized by a distinctive microbiome. Methods: In vitro broth dilution assays and time-kill experiments were performed to test PVI and H2O2, alone or in combination, against CoNS, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli as representative aerobic bacteria, and against C. acnes as an anaerobic pathogen. Results: The results revealed that, when used alone, PVI exerted a more pronounced bactericidal effect against staphylococci, whereas H2O2 was more effective against C. acnes, even at a high bacterial inoculum, although at cytotoxic concentrations, particularly for PVI. Notably, when the disinfectants were used in combination, bacterial killing was achieved against all the tested pathogens, starting from short exposure times, mainly 3 min, and at low concentrations. Moreover, the antiseptics significantly reduced mature biofilm, although complete eradication was not achieved. Conclusions: A targeted irrigation protocol to prevent shoulder PJI can be achieved by combining PVI and H2O2 at non-toxic concentrations and for short exposure times that do not interfere with operating room costs or increase the risk of infection.},
}

@article {pmid42653718,
year = {2026},
author = {Zhu, J and Huang, X and Wu, S and Xu, X and Wu, S and Zhai, Y and Bao, J},
title = {Therapeutic Potential of Cannabidiol in Dysbiosis-Related Oral Biofilm Diseases: Antibiofilm, Antivirulence and Host Response Evidence.},
journal = {Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {19},
number = {8},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/ph19081221},
pmid = {42653718},
issn = {1424-8247},
support = {232102310320//Foundation of Science & Technology Department of Henan Province of China/ ; 25A320004//Natural Science Foundation of Education Department of Henan Province/ ; 242102310376//Foundation of Science & Technology Department of Henan Province of China/ ; 2203015//Foundation of the Science and Technology Department of Kaifeng City of Henan Province/ ; 2203018//Foundation of the Science and Technology Department of Kaifeng City of Henan Province/ ; HX20240114//Commercial Research Funds with Vectura Fertin Pharma/ ; MMCB-OP-2023-03//Foundation of the KeyLab of Medical Molecular Cell Biology of Shanxi Province and Shanxi University/ ; HUSSYS2024005//the Foundation for Young Scholars in the School of Stomatology of Henan University/ ; },
abstract = {Dysbiosis-related oral biofilm diseases, particularly dental caries and periodontal diseases, pose major global health challenges because ecological shifts within oral microbial communities enhance biofilm virulence, resilience, and host inflammatory responses. Cannabidiol (CBD), a non-psychoactive phytocannabinoid with antimicrobial, antibiofilm, immunomodulatory, and antioxidant properties, has attracted increasing interest as an investigational, ecology-oriented adjunct for oral health applications. This narrative review evaluates current antibiofilm, antivirulence, and host response evidence for CBD in dysbiosis-related oral biofilm diseases, with emphasis on dental caries and periodontal diseases and selected supportive evidence from other oral biofilm-associated conditions. Current evidence suggests that CBD can inhibit biofilm formation, attenuate cariogenic and fungal virulence traits, modulate periodontal inflammation and immunity, and support tissue-protective responses. However, most evidence remains preclinical and model-dependent, particularly in caries research, and CBD's hydrophobicity, limited stability, uncertain dose windows, and incomplete microbiome-level evidence remain major barriers to translation. Future studies should clarify CBD's ecological effects on oral microbial communities, define clinically relevant dosing and exposure timing, and develop oral-retentive delivery systems.},
}

@article {pmid42653727,
year = {2026},
author = {Ruga, S and Matarese, E and Bava, R and Lombardi, C and Dimatteo, T and Miscio, L and Raponi, M and Giordano, A and Sansone, C and Liguori, G and Lombardi, R},
title = {Integrating Precision Nutrition with GLP-1 Receptor Agonist Therapy: Mechanisms, Clinical Outcomes, and Pharmacoeconomic Implications.},
journal = {Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {19},
number = {8},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/ph19081230},
pmid = {42653727},
issn = {1424-8247},
abstract = {The integration of precision nutrition with pharmacological therapies has been proposed as a strategy to optimize therapeutic efficacy, tolerability, and patient-centered outcomes in chronic metabolic diseases. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) have substantially advanced the treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus by promoting substantial weight loss and improving glycemic control and cardiometabolic risk profiles. However, significant interindividual variability in therapeutic response, frequent gastrointestinal adverse events leading to treatment discontinuation, and the potential loss of lean body mass remain major clinical challenges that limit real-world therapeutic efficiency. Emerging evidence suggests that nutritional status, dietary patterns, body composition, inflammatory burden, and gut microbiota composition may influence both the efficacy and tolerability of GLP-1-based therapies. This review explores the role of precision nutrition as an adjunctive strategy to support GLP-1 RA treatment outcomes through personalized dietary interventions and targeted nutritional support. Particular attention is given to protein intake optimization for lean mass preservation, micronutrient adequacy, microbiota modulation, anti-inflammatory dietary approaches, and the management of gastrointestinal symptoms. Furthermore, the review explores the emerging contribution of nutrigenomics, metabolomics, microbiome-based stratification, digital health technologies, and artificial intelligence in advancing pharmacometabolic personalization. The potential pharmacoeconomic implications of integrated nutritional-pharmacological strategies are discussed, including the potential for improved adherence to reduce treatment-related costs, prevent complications, and enhance long-term metabolic sustainability. While current evidence supports the mechanistic rationale for combining precision nutrition with GLP-1 receptor agonist therapy, it must be emphasized that direct evidence from prospective clinical trials evaluating such integrated strategies is limited. Most recommendations are based on indirect evidence from general weight-loss or metabolic disease populations, and their efficacy, specifically in GLP-1 RA-treated patients, remains to be demonstrated.},
}

@article {pmid42653808,
year = {2026},
author = {Dumitru, CN and Marcu, T and Dumitru, AO and Tudor, SS and Ferțu, ID and Elisei, AM and Goroftei, L},
title = {Berberine-Drug Interactions: Mechanisms, Clinical Relevance and Risk Stratification-A Narrative Review.},
journal = {Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {19},
number = {8},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/ph19081313},
pmid = {42653808},
issn = {1424-8247},
abstract = {Background: Berberine, an isoquinoline alkaloid present in Berberis spp., Coptis chinensis and Hydrastis canadensis, is among the most widely consumed metabolic-health supplements, popularized as "nature's Ozempic". Concurrent, often undisclosed use with prescription drugs is common in older adults, yet berberine is far from inert. Objective: To synthesize the evidence on berberine as a perpetrator of supplement-drug interactions, propose a four-axis mechanistic taxonomy, with product quality treated separately as a modifier of exposure rather than as a mechanism, and derive a clinically actionable risk-stratification framework. Methods: Structured narrative review, prepared per the SANRA quality criteria; PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science and Embase were searched up to May 2026. Results: Despite very low systemic exposure (oral bioavailability 0.68% in rats; low ng/mL plasma concentrations in humans), high luminal, enterocytic and hepatic concentrations generate interaction liability, documented in humans for a few pairs and mechanistic for most, along four mechanistic axes: inhibition, and transcriptional induction, of CYP3A4, with CYP2D6/CYP2C9 inhibition that is quasi-irreversible through a metabolite-intermediate complex; transporter modulation (P-glycoprotein, OCT1/OCT2, and MATE1); pharmacodynamic additivity (hypoglycemia, hypotension, and QT prolongation); and microbiome- and gut-barrier-mediated effects, the last of these being a candidate axis rather than a demonstrated one. Product-quality variability is treated separately, as a modifier of exposure. The clinical anchor is increased cyclosporine exposure in renal-transplant recipients (AUC +34.5%; trough 29.3% above control). These elements are integrated into a three-tier risk-stratification framework that combines perpetrator potency, victim-drug vulnerability, and patient vulnerability, with each tier being linked to a defined pharmacy action. Conclusions: In patients on multiple medications, and particularly when berberine is co-administered with drugs of narrow therapeutic index, it should be managed as an active pharmacological perpetrator rather than as an inert supplement. Unstandardized product quality and an unsettled European regulatory framework, under which national limits differ by more than an order of magnitude, further widen the uncertainty around the dose actually delivered. Berberine use should therefore be elicited routinely at medication reconciliation and stratified by mechanism, by victim-drug vulnerability, and by patient risk, with particular attention to metabolic self-medication in the GLP-1 era.},
}

@article {pmid42653886,
year = {2026},
author = {Aresta, AM and Signorile, GS and Clemente, A and De Vietro, N and Zambonin, C},
title = {Oral Cavity Antibacterial Discovery Pipeline Driven by Advanced Analytical Techniques.},
journal = {Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {31},
number = {16},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/molecules31162804},
pmid = {42653886},
issn = {1420-3049},
mesh = {*Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology/chemistry ; Humans ; *Mouth/microbiology ; Metabolomics/methods ; Microbiota/drug effects ; *Drug Discovery/methods ; Mass Spectrometry ; Biomarkers ; },
abstract = {The oral cavity represents an extremely complex and dynamic microbial ecosystem capable of rapidly adapting to antimicrobial stress. These characteristics make it a promising environment for the identification of novel bioactive molecules with therapeutic potential. At the same time, the increasing prevalence of resistant pathogens in dental and oral-maxillofacial infections highlights the limitations of current therapeutic strategies and the urgent need for new effective antibacterial agents. This review examines the central role of advanced analytical techniques, with particular emphasis on mass spectrometry, in the discovery and characterization of bioactive metabolites and biomarkers relevant to future antibacterial discovery and to the understanding of biological responses to pathogens or therapeutic interventions. It discusses how the integration of metabolomics approaches, imaging mass spectrometry, and bioinformatics platforms is transforming the antibacterial discovery process by accelerating the identification of active compounds and improving the understanding of microbial interactions within the oral cavity. Overall, this work provides an up-to-date overview of current knowledge regarding the oral microbiome as a source of bioactive molecules and biomarkers. It highlights how emerging analytical technologies are opening new perspectives for the development of innovative therapeutic strategies against resistant oral infections.},
}

*Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology/chemistry
Humans
*Mouth/microbiology
Metabolomics/methods
Microbiota/drug effects
*Drug Discovery/methods
Mass Spectrometry
Biomarkers

@article {pmid42654208,
year = {2026},
author = {Wang, Y and Peng, W and Fan, W and Xiao, H and Guo, S and Tang, Z and Qin, J},
title = {Yakuchinone B Ameliorates DSS-Induced Colitis by Modulating the Gut Microbiota-Metabolite Axis.},
journal = {Nutrients},
volume = {18},
number = {16},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/nu18162628},
pmid = {42654208},
issn = {2072-6643},
support = {32360579//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome/drug effects ; *Colitis/chemically induced/drug therapy/microbiology/metabolism ; Dextran Sulfate ; Mice ; Disease Models, Animal ; Male ; Colon/pathology/drug effects/metabolism ; *Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacology ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Cytokines/metabolism ; },
abstract = {Background/Objectives: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic and recurrent gastrointestinal disorder characterized by intestinal inflammation and gut microbiota dysbiosis, but current therapies remain limited by adverse effects and suboptimal long-term efficacy. Methods: Here, using a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced mouse model of IBD-like colitis, we investigated the protective effects of Yakuchinone B (YB)-a diarylheptanoid derived from Alpinia oxyphylla with reported anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities-against inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Results: YB supplementation significantly alleviated colitis symptoms, as evidenced by reduced body weight loss, lower disease activity index scores, attenuated colonic shortening, and ameliorated histopathological damage. YB also decreased the colonic and serum levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. Microbiome profiling showed that YB restored gut microbial diversity and reshaped microbial composition, with increased abundances of Alistipes and Duncaniella and reduced overgrowth of Akkermansia. Untargeted metabolomics revealed that YB modulated colitis-associated pathways, including purine metabolism, alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism, and steroid hormone biosynthesis. Targeted analysis further showed that YB increased acetate, propionate, and butyrate levels. Conclusions: These results collectively suggest that YB ameliorates DSS-induced colitis by attenuating inflammation, associated with modulation of the gut microbiota-host metabolism axis, and promoting short-chain fatty acid production, supporting its potential as a promising functional dietary candidate for IBD management.},
}

Animals
*Gastrointestinal Microbiome/drug effects
*Colitis/chemically induced/drug therapy/microbiology/metabolism
Dextran Sulfate
Mice
Disease Models, Animal
Male
Colon/pathology/drug effects/metabolism
*Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacology
Mice, Inbred C57BL
Cytokines/metabolism

@article {pmid42654236,
year = {2026},
author = {Julien, V and Carvalho, JP and Andrade, JC and Rodrigues, CF and Rajão, A},
title = {The Impact of Children's Dietary Habits on the Oral Microbiome: A Systematic Review.},
journal = {Nutrients},
volume = {18},
number = {16},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/nu18162656},
pmid = {42654236},
issn = {2072-6643},
mesh = {Humans ; *Microbiota/physiology ; *Feeding Behavior/physiology ; *Mouth/microbiology ; Child ; *Diet ; Oral Health ; Dysbiosis ; Child, Preschool ; },
abstract = {Background/Objectives: The oral microbiome plays a central role in maintaining oral health from early life, with childhood representing a critical period for its establishment and long-term stability. While many environmental factors influence this dynamic microbial ecosystem, diet is distinct in being both universal and highly modifiable. This systematic review aims to evaluate and synthesize current evidence regarding the impact and mechanisms of distinct dietary habits, food matrices, and nutritional components on the composition, diversity, and ecological resilience of the pediatric oral microbiome. Methods: A literature review aligned with PRISMA guidelines was conducted via digital searches on PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Cochrane databases (January 2015-December 2025). Search strategies combined MeSH terms and keywords targeting "Microbiota", "Mouth", "Child", "Diet", and "Oral health". Results: From 1068 records identified, 16 relevant articles met the inclusion criteria. Dietary habits may influence taxonomic and functional profiles. Frequent consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages, sucrose-rich sodas, and sweet treats induces notable dysbiosis and enriches acidogenic/aciduric taxa. Conversely, protective food matrices, including probiotic-fortified dairy products, polyol-based sugar-free chewing gums (xylitol and maltitol), bovine milk, and bioactive-rich agents like green tea, actively suppress cariogenic pathways (specifically Streptococcus mutans) and support commensal, health-associated genera without disrupting overall microbial structures. Conclusions: Diet represents an important modifiable factor shaping the pediatric oral microbiome, capable of either driving dysbiosis or reinforcing symbiosis. Cultivating a microbiome-informed dietary approach early in childhood supports a resilient microbial architecture, offering a non-invasive, public health framework for long-term oral and systemic disease prevention.},
}

Humans
*Microbiota/physiology
*Feeding Behavior/physiology
*Mouth/microbiology
Child
*Diet
Oral Health
Dysbiosis
Child, Preschool

@article {pmid42654237,
year = {2026},
author = {Diaz-Garrido, N and Regaldiz, A and Zagmutt, S and Cisternas, P and Bastías-Pérez, M and Cortés-Martín, A},
title = {Intermittent Fasting and the Gut Microbiota: Mechanisms Linking Microbial Remodeling to Metabolic and Immune Regulation.},
journal = {Nutrients},
volume = {18},
number = {16},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/nu18162657},
pmid = {42654237},
issn = {2072-6643},
mesh = {Humans ; *Intermittent Fasting ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome/physiology ; Animals ; *Energy Metabolism ; Prebiotics ; Circadian Rhythm ; Fatty Acids, Volatile/metabolism ; *Fasting ; Probiotics/administration & dosage ; Intestinal Barrier Function ; Immune System ; },
abstract = {Intermittent fasting (IF) has gained increasing attention as a dietary strategy to improve metabolic health and prevent cardiometabolic disorders. Accumulating evidence suggests that modulation of the gut microbiota may represent one of the mechanisms underlying the physiological benefits of IF. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the mechanisms by which IF modulates gut microbial ecology and how these changes influence host metabolic and immune functions. We examine the effects of IF on gut microbiota diversity and composition, highlighting shifts in key microbial taxa associated with metabolic regulation. In addition, we discuss how fasting-induced microbial remodeling affects microbiota-derived metabolites, including short-chain fatty acids and bile acids, which play central roles in energy homeostasis, intestinal barrier integrity, and inflammatory signaling. Increasing evidence indicates that IF interacts with circadian rhythms, influencing both microbial oscillations and host metabolic pathways that coordinate nutrient sensing and energy metabolism. Furthermore, we explore the bidirectional crosstalk between the gut microbiota and the intestinal immune system, emphasizing that fasting-driven microbial changes may modulate inflammatory responses, epithelial barrier function, and immune cell activity. Finally, we discuss nutritional strategies that may enhance the beneficial effects of IF, including the incorporation of prebiotics, dietary fiber, and probiotic supplementation, to promote microbial diversity and functional resilience. Collectively, these findings support a model in which IF acts as a key modulator of the gut microbiota-immune-metabolic axis. Future integrative studies combining gut microbiome, metabolomic, and immunological approaches are needed to better understand these interactions and optimize microbiota-targeted dietary interventions.},
}

Humans
*Intermittent Fasting
*Gastrointestinal Microbiome/physiology
Animals
*Energy Metabolism
Prebiotics
Circadian Rhythm
Fatty Acids, Volatile/metabolism
*Fasting
Probiotics/administration & dosage
Intestinal Barrier Function
Immune System

@article {pmid42654244,
year = {2026},
author = {Petropoulos, A and Pergantis, P and Drosos, K and Tafiadis, D},
title = {Decoding Communication Difficulties in ADHD: A Narrative Review on the Potential Links with Dietary Patterns, the Microbiome, and Oxidative Stress.},
journal = {Nutrients},
volume = {18},
number = {16},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/nu18162664},
pmid = {42654244},
issn = {2072-6643},
mesh = {Humans ; *Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/psychology/complications/microbiology/physiopathology ; *Oxidative Stress ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome/physiology ; *Diet/adverse effects ; Child ; },
abstract = {Background/Objectives: Individuals with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) often experience communication difficulties (CDs), including challenges with language development, pragmatic communication, and speech processing. While these difficulties are typically associated with cognitive and behavioral symptoms; emerging research suggests that biological and nutritional factors may also contribute. This narrative review aims to explore how diet patterns, gut microbiome changes and oxidative stress might be associated with communication difficulties in ADHD. Methods: This review was performed using the SANRA (Scale for the Assessment of Narrative Review Articles) framework. A structured/comprehensive literature search was performed across major databases including PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science. Google Scholar has been utilized as a complementary database to support emerging studies that have not yet been registered in these databases. The search focused on studies that investigated the connections between nutrition, microbiome dysregulation, oxidative stress, ADHD and communication-related outcomes. Results: Current research indicates that unbalanced diets, micronutrient deficiencies, and changes in the gut microbiome can lead to neuroinflammation and oxidative stress. All these biological processes may disrupt neurotransmission and neural connectivity, which can potentially affect brain regions and networks that are highly important for attention and language processing, including both cortical and subcortical structures. Therefore, communication difficulties in ADHD may, in part, stem from these interconnected neurobiological mechanisms. However, direct clinical evidence linking nutritional factors, gut microbiome alterations, or oxidative stress with communication-specific outcomes in ADHD remains very limited, as most available studies have focused on core ADHD symptoms, attention, executive functioning, or biological markers. Conclusions: Dietary factors, alterations in the gut microbiome, and oxidative stress may collectively contribute to the complex underlying causes of communication disorders in ADHD. This review proposes an integrative framework that links nutrition-related mechanisms to communication outcomes, emphasizing the potential impact of modifiable lifestyle factors. Further longitudinal studies are needed to establish causal relationships and determine the clinical effectiveness of targeted nutritional interventions for communication difficulties in ADHD.},
}

Humans
*Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/psychology/complications/microbiology/physiopathology
*Oxidative Stress
*Gastrointestinal Microbiome/physiology
*Diet/adverse effects
Child

@article {pmid42654247,
year = {2026},
author = {Kittichaiworakul, R and Thongkumkoon, P and Vaddhanaphuti, CS and Rojanaverawong, W and Sutheeworapong, S and Wongpoomchai, R and Dissook, S},
title = {Modulatory Effects of Piper sarmentosum Roxb. Aqueous Extract on Gut Microbiota and Obesity in a High-Fat Diet Rat Model.},
journal = {Nutrients},
volume = {18},
number = {16},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/nu18162667},
pmid = {42654247},
issn = {2072-6643},
support = {FF025/2567//Chiang Mai University/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Diet, High-Fat/adverse effects ; *Plant Extracts/pharmacology ; Male ; *Obesity/drug therapy/microbiology/etiology ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome/drug effects ; Rats, Wistar ; Rats ; *Piper/chemistry ; Simvastatin/pharmacology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Liver/drug effects ; Lipids/blood ; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/drug therapy ; },
abstract = {Background/Objectives: Obesity and its metabolic comorbidities, including dyslipidemia and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), are a growing global health burden, and current pharmacotherapies have limited efficacy and notable adverse effects. The gut microbiome has emerged as a key regulator of host metabolism, and its dysregulation is implicated in obesity. This study investigated the therapeutic potential of Piper sarmentosum Roxb. aqueous extract (PSRW) on metabolic dysfunction and gut microbiota composition in a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese rat model. Methods: HFD-induced obese male Wistar rats received PSRW, simvastatin, or their combination for 12 weeks. Serum lipids (TC, TG, HDL, LDL), liver enzymes (AST, ALT), and renal markers were measured, and gut microbiota were profiled by 16S rRNA (V4) sequencing with PICRUSt2/KEGG functional prediction. The phenolic composition of the same extract was characterized by HPLC in a companion study. Results: PSRW did not cause weight loss but significantly lowered serum TC, AST, and ALT, with efficacy comparable to simvastatin and significantly lower TG than control, though not significantly different from HFD. Co-administration of PSRW and simvastatin produced a greater reduction in TC and liver enzymes than either agent alone. HFD shifted microbial community structure and enriched pro-inflammatory phyla such as Desulfobacterota; PSRW partially reversed these changes, suppressing obesogenic Lachnospiraceae genera while enriching beneficial microbes including Dwaynesavagella, and functionally reprogrammed taxa such as Kineothrix and Muribaculum from detrimental to protective associations. HFD enriched microbial glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, whereas the PSRW simvastatin combination uniquely enhanced glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism. Conclusions:P. sarmentosum extract ameliorates HFD-induced dyslipidemia and hepatotoxicity, and these effects are accompanied by remodeling of the composition and predicted functional capacity of the gut microbiome. Its ability to act in combination with statins highlights its potential as a candidate complementary therapy for hyperlipidemia and NAFLD.},
}

Animals
*Diet, High-Fat/adverse effects
*Plant Extracts/pharmacology
Male
*Obesity/drug therapy/microbiology/etiology
*Gastrointestinal Microbiome/drug effects
Rats, Wistar
Rats
*Piper/chemistry
Simvastatin/pharmacology
Disease Models, Animal
Liver/drug effects
Lipids/blood
Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/drug therapy