@article {pmid39363164,
year = {2024},
author = {Sun, Y and Pan, Z and Wang, Z and Wang, H and Wei, L and Cui, F and Zou, Q and Zhang, Z},
title = {Single-cell transcriptome analysis reveals immune microenvironment changes and insights into the transition from DCIS to IDC with associated prognostic genes.},
journal = {Journal of translational medicine},
volume = {22},
number = {1},
pages = {894},
pmid = {39363164},
issn = {1479-5876},
support = {62102064//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 62261018//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 62262015//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; ZDYF2024GXJS01//Science and Technology special fund of Hainan Province/ ; 324MS009//Hainan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *Single-Cell Analysis ; Female ; *Tumor Microenvironment/genetics/immunology ; *Gene Expression Profiling ; Prognosis ; *Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/genetics/immunology/pathology ; *Breast Neoplasms/genetics/immunology/pathology ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; *Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/genetics/pathology/immunology ; *Disease Progression ; Transcriptome/genetics ; Single-Cell Gene Expression Analysis ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) of the breast is an early stage of breast cancer, and preventing its progression to invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) is crucial for the early detection and treatment of breast cancer. Although single-cell transcriptome analysis technology has been widely used in breast cancer research, the biological mechanisms underlying the transition from DCIS to IDC remain poorly understood.

RESULTS: We identified eight cell types through cell annotation, finding significant differences in T cell proportions between DCIS and IDC. Using this as a basis, we performed pseudotime analysis on T cell subpopulations, revealing that differentially expressed genes primarily regulate immune cell migration and modulation. By intersecting WGCNA results of T cells highly correlated with the subtypes and the differentially expressed genes, we identified six key genes: FGFBP2, GNLY, KLRD1, TYROBP, PRF1, and NKG7. Excluding PRF1, the other five genes were significantly associated with overall survival in breast cancer, highlighting their potential as prognostic biomarkers.

CONCLUSIONS: We identified immune cells that may play a role in the progression from DCIS to IDC and uncovered five key genes that can serve as prognostic markers for breast cancer. These findings provide insights into the mechanisms underlying the transition from DCIS to IDC, offering valuable perspectives for future research. Additionally, our results contribute to a better understanding of the biological processes involved in breast cancer progression.},
}

Humans
*Single-Cell Analysis
Female
*Tumor Microenvironment/genetics/immunology
*Gene Expression Profiling
Prognosis
*Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/genetics/immunology/pathology
*Breast Neoplasms/genetics/immunology/pathology
*Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
*Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/genetics/pathology/immunology
*Disease Progression
Transcriptome/genetics
Single-Cell Gene Expression Analysis

@article {pmid37792368,
year = {2023},
author = {Martelli, G and Barretta, F and Vernieri, C and Folli, S and Pruneri, G and Segattini, S and Trapani, A and Carolla, C and Spatti, G and Miceli, R and Ferraris, C},
title = {Prophylactic Salpingo-Oophorectomy and Survival After BRCA1/2 Breast Cancer Resection.},
journal = {JAMA surgery},
volume = {158},
number = {12},
pages = {1275-1284},
pmid = {37792368},
issn = {2168-6262},
mesh = {Female ; Humans ; Adult ; *Breast Neoplasms/genetics/prevention & control/surgery ; Salpingo-oophorectomy ; BRCA1 Protein/genetics ; Mastectomy ; Retrospective Studies ; BRCA2 Protein/genetics ; Genes, BRCA1 ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/genetics ; Ovariectomy ; *Ovarian Neoplasms/genetics/prevention & control ; Mutation ; },
abstract = {IMPORTANCE: Few studies have investigated whether prophylactic salpingo-oophorectomy (PSO) for patients with previously resected breast cancer who carry pathogenic germline BRCA1 or BRCA2 variants is associated with a reduced risk of cancer-specific death.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the association of PSO and prophylactic mastectomy (PM) with prognosis after quadrantectomy or mastectomy as primary treatment for patients with BRCA1 or BRCA2 breast cancer.

This retrospective cohort study was performed in a single-institution, tertiary referral center. Consecutive patients with invasive breast cancer treated surgically between 1972 and 2019 were recruited and followed up prospectively after they were found to carry the BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene variant. The data analysis was performed between April 2022 and July 2023.

EXPOSURE: Following breast surgery, some patients underwent PSO, PM, or both, whereas others did not.

MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: The primary study end point was overall survival as measured by the Kaplan-Meier method. Secondary end points were crude cumulative incidence of breast cancer-specific mortality, ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence (IBTR), contralateral breast cancer, ovarian cancer, and ovarian cancer-specific mortality.

RESULTS: Of 480 patients included in the cohort (median age at initial surgery, 40.0 years; IQR, 34.0-46.0 years), PSO was associated with a significantly reduced risk of death (hazard ratio [HR], 0.40; 95% CI, 0.25-0.64; P < .001). This reduction was most evident for patients carrying the BRCA1 variant (HR, 0.35; 95% CI, 0.20-0.63; P = .001), those with triple-negative disease (HR, 0.21; 95% CI, 0.09-0.46; P = .002), and those with invasive ductal carcinoma (HR, 0.51; 95% CI, 0.31-0.84; P = .008). Prophylactic salpingo-oophorectomy was not associated with risk of contralateral breast cancer or IBTR. Initial or delayed PM was associated with a reduced risk of IBTR but not with overall survival or breast cancer-specific mortality.

CONCLUSIONS: The study findings suggest that PSO should be offered to all patients with BRCA1/2 breast cancer who undergo surgery with curative intent to reduce risk of death. In particular, PSO should be offered to patients with the BRCA1 variant at the time of breast surgery.},
}

Female
Humans
Adult
*Breast Neoplasms/genetics/prevention & control/surgery
Salpingo-oophorectomy
BRCA1 Protein/genetics
Mastectomy
Retrospective Studies
BRCA2 Protein/genetics
Genes, BRCA1
Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/genetics
Ovariectomy
*Ovarian Neoplasms/genetics/prevention & control
Mutation

@article {pmid39365417,
year = {2024},
author = {Taira, S and Kawagoe, M and Anzai, H and Yasukawa, M and Asakawa, S and Arai, S and Yamazaki, O and Tamura, Y and Oshima, Y and Numakura, S and Ohashi, R and Shibata, S and Fujigaki, Y},
title = {Immunoglobulin A-dominant membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis-like pattern of injury as a possible paraneoplastic nephropathy in a breast cancer patient.},
journal = {CEN case reports},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {39365417},
issn = {2192-4449},
abstract = {A middle-aged woman was found to have proteinuria during a health check-up. About sixteen months later, she was diagnosed with stage IIA invasive ductal carcinoma of the right breast. Her proteinuria progressed to nephrotic syndrome with significant hematuria. Hormone therapy was initiated for her estrogen and progesterone receptor-positive breast cancer. A kidney biopsy performed 47 days after starting the therapy revealed an IgA-dominant membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis-like pattern of injury. Electron microscopy showed subendothelial-dominant electron-dense deposits (EDD), with small amounts of mesangial EDD and a single occurrence of subepithelial hump-like EDD, along with occasional mesangial interpositions. Similar pathology can be caused by IgA vasculitis with nephritis, IgA-dominant infection-associated glomerulonephritis, and liver disease-associated glomerulopathy, but all of these were ruled out. The deposited IgA was found to be galactose-deficient IgA1. Thus, IgA nephropathy with glomerular capillary IgA deposition was considered. She underwent a right partial mastectomy and sentinel lymph node biopsy in the right axilla 75 days after starting hormone therapy, followed by adjuvant radiation. Proteinuria and hematuria tended to decrease after the treatment, and this trend continued even after corticosteroid therapy for glomerulonephritis, which was administered 156 days after starting hormone therapy. Approximately 15 months after starting hormone therapy, her proteinuria had reduced to around 1.0 g/g of creatinine, and her hematuria was negative. IgA nephropathy with glomerular capillary IgA deposition is known to be resistant to corticosteroid therapy. The favorable clinical course of the rare glomerulopathy following breast cancer treatment suggested a diagnosis of paraneoplastic glomerulopathy secondary to breast cancer in our patient.},
}

@article {pmid39341718,
year = {2024},
author = {Drake, MJ and Clavica, F and Murphy, C and Fader, MJ},
title = {Innovating Indwelling Catheter Design to Counteract Urinary Tract Infection.},
journal = {European urology focus},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.euf.2024.09.015},
pmid = {39341718},
issn = {2405-4569},
abstract = {BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Bacteriuria is anticipated in long-term indwelling catheter (IDC) use, and urinary tract infections (UTIs) and related issues are common. Defence mechanisms against infection are undermined by the presence of a Foley catheter, and adjustments to design could influence UTI risk.

METHODS: We reviewed the various aspects of IDCs and ureteric stent designs to discuss potential impact on UTI risk.

KEY FINDINGS AND LIMITATIONS: Design adaptations have focussed on reducing the sump of undrained urine, potential urinary tract trauma, and bacterial adherence. Experimental and computational studies on ureteral stents found an interplay between urine flow, bacterial microcolony formation, and accumulation of encrusting particles. The most critical regions for biofilm and crystal accumulation are associated with low shear stress. The full drainage system is the functioning unit, not just the IDC in isolation. This means reliably keeping the drainage system closed and considering whether a valve is preferred to a collection bag. Other developments may include one-way valves, obstacles to "bacterial swimming", and ultrasound techniques. Preventing or clearing IDC blockage can exploit access via the lumen or retaining balloon. Progress in computational fluid dynamics, energy delivery, and soft robotics may increase future options. Clinical data on the effectiveness of IDC design features are lacking, which is partly due to reliance on proxy measures and the challenges of undertaking trials.

Design changes are legitimate lines of development, but are only indirect for UTI prevention. Modifications may be advantageous, but might potentially bring problems in other ways. Education of health care professionals can improve UTIs and should be prioritised.

PATIENT SUMMARY: Catheters used to help bladder drainage can cause urinary infections, and improvements in design might reduce the risk. Several approaches are described in this review. However, proving that these approaches work is a challenge. Training professionals in the key aspects of catheter care is important.},
}

@article {pmid39328281,
year = {2024},
author = {Shrestha, P and Hsieh, MC and Ferguson, T and Peters, ES and Trapido, E and Yu, Q and Chu, QD and Wu, XC},
title = {Higher 10-Year Survival with Breast-Conserving Therapy over Mastectomy for Women with Early-Stage (I-II) Breast Cancer: Analysis of the CDC Patterns of Care Data Base.},
journal = {Breast cancer : basic and clinical research},
volume = {18},
number = {},
pages = {11782234241273666},
pmid = {39328281},
issn = {1178-2234},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Studies in the United States are scarce that assess the survival differences between breast-conserving surgery plus radiation (Breast-Conserving Therapy; BCT) and mastectomy groups using population-based data while accounting for sociodemographic and clinical factors that affect the survival of women with early-stage breast cancer (ESBC).

OBJECTIVE: To assess whether BCT provides superior long-term overall survival (OS) and breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS) compared with mastectomy in women with ESBC, while considering key factors that impact survival.

DESIGN: Cohort study.

METHODS: We analyzed data on women aged 20 years and older diagnosed with stage I-II breast cancer (BC) in 2004 who received either BCT or mastectomy. The data were collected by 5 state cancer registries through the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention-funded Patterns of Care study. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard models, accounting for sociodemographic and clinical factors, were used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Sensitivity analysis involved optimal caliper propensity score (PS) matching to address residual confounding.

RESULTS: Of the 3495 women, 41.5% underwent mastectomy. The 10-year OS and BCSS were 82.7% and 91.1% for BCT and 72.3% and 85.7% for mastectomy, respectively. Adjusted models showed that mastectomy recipients had a 22% higher risk of all-cause deaths (ACD) (HR = 1.22, 95% CI = [1.06, 1.41]) and a 26% higher risk of breast cancer-specific deaths (BCD) (HR = 1.26, 95% CI = [1.02, 1.55]) than BCT recipients. Sensitivity analysis demonstrated that mastectomy was associated with a higher risk of ACD (P < .05) but did not exhibit a statistically significant risk for BCD. Women with HR+/HER2+ (luminal B) or invasive ductal carcinoma BC who underwent mastectomy had higher risks of ACD and BCD compared with BCT recipients, while the hazards for ACD in triple-negative BC did not remain significant after adjusting for covariates.

CONCLUSION: ESBC BCT recipients demonstrate superior OS and BCSS compared with mastectomy recipients.},
}

@article {pmid39320077,
year = {2024},
author = {Hadad, Z and Wahid, W and Afzelius, P},
title = {[Not Available].},
journal = {Ugeskrift for laeger},
volume = {186},
number = {36},
pages = {},
doi = {10.61409/V01240024},
pmid = {39320077},
issn = {1603-6824},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; *Breast Neoplasms/pathology ; *Liver Neoplasms/secondary/diagnostic imaging ; *Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/secondary/pathology/diagnostic imaging ; *Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/pathology ; *Lymphatic Metastasis/diagnostic imaging ; Middle Aged ; },
abstract = {Breast cancer usually metastasizes by haematogenous spread. This is a case report of a woman with unusual liver metastases from a recurrent invasive ductal carcinoma via a lymphatic route draining the outer part of the breast to the liver running parallelly with the right rectus abdominis muscle, depicted by preoperative sentinel node lymphoscintigraphy. Realizing this route of metastasis can impact survival, as it has a favourable prognosis compared with haematogenous metastasis, we want to draw attention to this.},
}

Humans
Female
*Breast Neoplasms/pathology
*Liver Neoplasms/secondary/diagnostic imaging
*Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/secondary/pathology/diagnostic imaging
*Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/pathology
*Lymphatic Metastasis/diagnostic imaging
Middle Aged

@article {pmid39317017,
year = {2024},
author = {Louis, M and Fang, J and Grabill, N and Singh, H and Strom, P},
title = {Her2-positive breast cancer in a young patient with Li-Fraumeni syndrome: A comprehensive case study.},
journal = {International journal of surgery case reports},
volume = {124},
number = {},
pages = {110323},
doi = {10.1016/j.ijscr.2024.110323},
pmid = {39317017},
issn = {2210-2612},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE: Li-Fraumeni syndrome (LFS) is a rare hereditary disorder caused by mutations in the TP53 gene, leading to a significantly increased risk of developing various cancers at a young age, including breast cancer.

CLINICAL PRESENTATION: This case report details the clinical journey of a 21-year-old female diagnosed with Grade 3 invasive ductal carcinoma, which was estrogen receptor low positive and progesterone receptor negative but positive for Her2 (3+) with a high Ki67 proliferation index.

CLINICAL DISCUSSION: Genetic testing confirmed a TP53 mutation, establishing the diagnosis of LFS. The patient underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy with TCHP (docetaxel, carboplatin, trastuzumab, pertuzumab), resulting in a complete clinical response. This was followed by bilateral skin-sparing and nipple-sparing mastectomy with sentinel lymph node biopsy and immediate reconstruction. Postoperative pathology confirmed a complete response to neoadjuvant therapy. The patient's treatment plan includes 12 cycles of trastuzumab and pertuzumab, with regular echocardiograms to monitor cardiac function and fertility preservation strategies involving monthly Lupron injections. Given the association of LFS with a high risk of multiple primary cancers, a rigorous surveillance strategy is essential. The psychological impact of a cancer diagnosis and the burden of living with a hereditary cancer syndrome were significant, necessitating comprehensive psychosocial support.

CONCLUSION: Managing Li-Fraumeni syndrome (LFS) and its associated cancers, particularly in young patients, necessitates a comprehensive and multidisciplinary approach. Early genetic testing for TP53 mutations is crucial in identifying LFS, enabling personalized treatment plans and proactive surveillance strategies.},
}

@article {pmid39302353,
year = {2024},
author = {Ben Kridis, W and Lajnef, M and Khanfir, A},
title = {Synchronous primary breast angiosarcoma with invasive ductal carcinoma.},
journal = {Breast disease},
volume = {43},
number = {1},
pages = {271-274},
doi = {10.3233/BD-240003},
pmid = {39302353},
issn = {1558-1551},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; *Hemangiosarcoma/secondary/pathology ; *Breast Neoplasms/pathology ; Middle Aged ; *Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology/secondary ; *Neoplasms, Multiple Primary/pathology ; Ovarian Neoplasms/pathology/secondary ; },
abstract = {Primary angiosarcoma (PAS) of the breast is an extremely uncommon variant of breast malignancies. Highly aggressiveness and dismal prognosis characterize this endothelial neoplasm. We report here an unusual case of PAS of the breast occurring in a 46-year-old woman associated with concurrent bilateral invasive ductal carcinoma and ovarian metastases.},
}

Humans
Female
*Hemangiosarcoma/secondary/pathology
*Breast Neoplasms/pathology
Middle Aged
*Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology/secondary
*Neoplasms, Multiple Primary/pathology
Ovarian Neoplasms/pathology/secondary

@article {pmid39280872,
year = {2024},
author = {Jackson, I and Isern, R and Jesina, S and Velagapudi, M and Pruett, W},
title = {Pneumocystis jirovecii Pneumonia in Patients Treated for Solid Organ Malignancy.},
journal = {Ochsner journal},
volume = {24},
number = {3},
pages = {225-228},
pmid = {39280872},
issn = {1524-5012},
abstract = {Background: Pneumocystis jirovecii is a fungal pathogen that can present as an opportunistic cause of pneumonia and can occur in individuals with various causes of immunosuppression, including malignancy and treatments for malignancy that confer increased risk. Although the guidelines for use of Pneumocystis prophylaxis in certain populations are clear, the rapid development of novel cancer therapies elicits the need to accurately assess the degree of immunosuppression conferred by these regimens and to determine if patients receiving these therapies warrant Pneumocystis prophylaxis. Case Series: We present 2 cases of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia in patients with invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast treated with a dose-dense chemotherapy regimen consisting of doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, and paclitaxel. Conclusion: The use of a dose-dense regimen, in which the interval between doses is shortened compared to a standard regimen, has become a common therapy for patients diagnosed with early breast cancer. Although this approach leads to improved disease-free and overall survival, it has also been associated with an increased risk of developing Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia. Further research involving patients receiving dose-dense chemotherapy regimens is needed to determine their risk of developing opportunistic infections and whether that risk warrants changes in clinical management.},
}

@article {pmid39256827,
year = {2024},
author = {Phung, AT and Shah, JR and Dong, T and Reid, T and Larson, C and Sanchez, AB and Oronsky, B and Trogler, WC and Kummel, AC and Aisagbonhi, O and Blair, SL},
title = {CAR expression in invasive breast carcinoma and its effect on adenovirus transduction efficiency.},
journal = {Breast cancer research : BCR},
volume = {26},
number = {1},
pages = {131},
pmid = {39256827},
issn = {1465-542X},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; *Breast Neoplasms/therapy/genetics/metabolism/pathology ; *Adenoviridae/genetics ; *Transduction, Genetic ; *Coxsackie and Adenovirus Receptor-Like Membrane Protein/metabolism/genetics ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Carcinoma, Lobular/metabolism/therapy/genetics/pathology ; Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/metabolism/genetics/pathology/therapy ; Cadherins/metabolism/genetics ; Genetic Vectors/genetics/administration & dosage ; Liposomes ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Breast cancer is the second leading cause of death in women, with invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) and invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) as the two most common forms of invasive breast cancer. While estrogen receptor positive (ER+) IDC and ILC are treated similarly, the multifocality of ILC presents challenges in detection and treatment, worsening long-term clinical outcomes in patients. With increasing documentation of chemoresistance in ILC, additional treatment options are needed. Oncolytic adenoviral therapy may be a promising option, but cancer cells must express the coxsackievirus & adenovirus receptor (CAR) for adenoviral therapy to be effective. The present study aims to evaluate the extent to which CAR expression is observed in ILC in comparison to IDC, and how the levels of CAR expression correlate with adenovirus transduction efficiency. The effect of liposome encapsulation on transduction efficiency is also assessed.

METHODS: To characterize CAR expression in invasive breast carcinoma, 36 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) human breast tumor samples were assayed by CAR immunohistochemistry (IHC). Localization of CAR in comparison to other junctional proteins was performed using a multiplex immunofluorescence panel consisting of CAR, p120-catenin, and E-cadherin. ILC and IDC primary tumors and cell lines were transduced with E1- and E3-deleted adenovirus type 5 inserted with a GFP transgene (Ad-GFP) and DOTAP liposome encapsulated Ad-GFP (DfAd-GFP) at various multiplicities of infection (MOIs). Transduction efficiency was measured using a fluorescence plate reader. CAR expression in the human primary breast carcinomas and cell lines was also evaluated by IHC.

RESULTS: We observed membranous CAR, p120-catenin and E-cadherin expression in IDC. In ILC, we observed cytoplasmic expression of CAR and p120-catenin, with absent E-cadherin. Adenovirus effectively transduced high-CAR IDC cell lines, at MOIs as low as 12.5. Ad-GFP showed similar transduction as DfAd-GFP in high-CAR IDC cell lines. Conversely, Ad-GFP transduction of ILC cell lines was observed only at MOIs of 50 and 100. Furthermore, Ad-GFP did not transduce CAR-negative IDC cell lines even at MOIs greater than 100. Liposome encapsulation (DfAd-GFP) improved transduction efficiency 4-fold in ILC and 17-fold in CAR-negative IDC cell lines.

CONCLUSION: The present study demonstrates that oncolytic adenoviral therapy is less effective in ILC than IDC due to differences in spatial CAR expression. Liposome-enhanced delivery may be beneficial for patients with ILC and tumors with low or negative CAR expression to improve adenoviral therapeutic effectiveness.},
}

Humans
Female
*Breast Neoplasms/therapy/genetics/metabolism/pathology
*Adenoviridae/genetics
*Transduction, Genetic
*Coxsackie and Adenovirus Receptor-Like Membrane Protein/metabolism/genetics
Cell Line, Tumor
Carcinoma, Lobular/metabolism/therapy/genetics/pathology
Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/metabolism/genetics/pathology/therapy
Cadherins/metabolism/genetics
Genetic Vectors/genetics/administration & dosage
Liposomes

@article {pmid39241490,
year = {2024},
author = {Vanni, G and Pellicciaro, M and Materazzo, M and Berretta, M and Meucci, R and Perretta, T and Portarena, I and Pistolese, CA and Buonomo, OC},
title = {Radiological and pathological predictors of post-operative upstaging of breast ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) to invasive ductal carcinoma and lymph-nodes metastasis; a potential algorithm for node surgical de-escalation.},
journal = {Surgical oncology},
volume = {56},
number = {},
pages = {102128},
doi = {10.1016/j.suronc.2024.102128},
pmid = {39241490},
issn = {1879-3320},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; *Breast Neoplasms/pathology/surgery ; Retrospective Studies ; Middle Aged ; *Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/surgery/pathology/secondary ; *Lymphatic Metastasis ; *Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/surgery/pathology/secondary ; *Algorithms ; Adult ; Aged ; Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy/methods ; Prognosis ; Follow-Up Studies ; Mammography ; Mastectomy ; Neoplasm Staging ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND/AIM: Ductal carcinoma in situ is considered a local disease with no metastatic potential, thus sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) may be deemed an overtreatment. SLNB should be reserved for patients with invasive cancer, even though the risk of upstaging rises to 25 %. We aimed to identify clinicopathological predictors of post-operative upstaging in invasive carcinoma.

METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed patients with a pre-operative diagnosis of DCIS subjected to breast surgery between January 2017 to December 2021, and evaluated at the Breast Unit of PTV (Policlinico Tor Vergata, Rome).

RESULTS: Out of 267 patients diagnosed with DCIS, 33(12.4 %) received a diagnosis upstaging and 9(3.37 %) patients presented with sentinel lymph node (SLN) metastasis. In multivariate analysis, grade 3 tumor (OR 1.9; 95 % CI 1.2-5.6), dense nodule at mammography (OR 1.3; 95 % CI 1.1-2.6) and presence of a solid nodule at ultrasonography (OR 1.5; 95 % CI 1.2-2.6) were independent upstaging predictors. Differently, the independent predictors for SLNB metastasis were: upstaging (OR 2.1.; 95 % CI 1.2-4.6; p = 0.0079) and age between 40 and 60yrs (OR 1.4; 95 % CI 1.4-2.7; p = 0.027). All 9 patients with SLN metastasis received a diagnosis upstaging and were aged between 40 and 60 years old.

CONCLUSION: We identified pre-operative independent predictors of upstaging to invasive ductal carcinoma. The combined use of different predictors in an algorithm for surgical treatments of DCIS could reduce the numbers of unnecessary SLNB.},
}

Humans
Female
*Breast Neoplasms/pathology/surgery
Retrospective Studies
Middle Aged
*Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/surgery/pathology/secondary
*Lymphatic Metastasis
*Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/surgery/pathology/secondary
*Algorithms
Adult
Aged
Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy/methods
Prognosis
Follow-Up Studies
Mammography
Mastectomy
Neoplasm Staging

@article {pmid39219256,
year = {2024},
author = {Lu, N and Zhang, M and Lu, L and Liu, YZ and Zhang, HH and Liu, XD},
title = {[Retracted] miRNA‑490‑3p promotes the metastatic progression of invasive ductal carcinoma.},
journal = {Oncology reports},
volume = {52},
number = {5},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3892/or.2024.8802},
pmid = {39219256},
issn = {1791-2431},
abstract = {Following the publication of this paper, it was drawn to the Editor's attention by a concerned reader that certain of the western blotting data shown in Fig. 2D, the cell migration and invasion assay data in Fig. 3C, the mouse imaging pictures in Fig. 4C and D, and the H&E‑stained images in Fig. 4E and F were strikingly similar to data appearing in different form in other articles written by different authors at different research institutes that had already been submitted or published elsewhere prior to the submission of this paper to Oncology Reports. Given that the abovementioned data had already apparently been submitted or published prior to the receipt of this paper at Oncology Reports, the Editor has decided that this paper should be retracted from the Journal. After having been in contact with the authors, they accepted the decision to retract the paper. The Editor apologizes to the readership for any inconvenience caused. [Oncology Reports 45: 706‑716, 2021; DOI: 10.3892/or.2020.7880].},
}

@article {pmid39215495,
year = {2024},
author = {Islam, T and Hoque, ME and Ullah, M and Islam, T and Nishu, NA and Islam, R},
title = {CNN-based deep learning approach for classification of invasive ductal and metastasis types of breast carcinoma.},
journal = {Cancer medicine},
volume = {13},
number = {16},
pages = {e70069},
pmid = {39215495},
issn = {2045-7634},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; *Deep Learning ; *Breast Neoplasms/pathology/classification/diagnostic imaging ; *Neural Networks, Computer ; *Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology/classification/diagnostic imaging/secondary ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; },
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Breast cancer is one of the leading cancer causes among women worldwide. It can be classified as invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) or metastatic cancer. Early detection of breast cancer is challenging due to the lack of early warning signs. Generally, a mammogram is recommended by specialists for screening. Existing approaches are not accurate enough for real-time diagnostic applications and thus require better and smarter cancer diagnostic approaches. This study aims to develop a customized machine-learning framework that will give more accurate predictions for IDC and metastasis cancer classification.

METHODS: This work proposes a convolutional neural network (CNN) model for classifying IDC and metastatic breast cancer. The study utilized a large-scale dataset of microscopic histopathological images to automatically perceive a hierarchical manner of learning and understanding.

RESULTS: It is evident that using machine learning techniques significantly (15%-25%) boost the effectiveness of determining cancer vulnerability, malignancy, and demise. The results demonstrate an excellent performance ensuring an average of 95% accuracy in classifying metastatic cells against benign ones and 89% accuracy was obtained in terms of detecting IDC.

CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that the proposed model improves classification accuracy. Therefore, it could be applied effectively in classifying IDC and metastatic cancer in comparison to other state-of-the-art models.},
}

Humans
Female
*Deep Learning
*Breast Neoplasms/pathology/classification/diagnostic imaging
*Neural Networks, Computer
*Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology/classification/diagnostic imaging/secondary
Neoplasm Metastasis

@article {pmid39207954,
year = {2024},
author = {Yates, ME and Waltermire, H and Mori, K and Li, Z and Li, Y and Guzolik, H and Wang, X and Liu, T and Atkinson, JM and Hooda, J and Lee, AV and Oesterreich, S},
title = {ESR1 Fusions Invoke Breast Cancer Subtype-Dependent Enrichment of Ligand-Independent Oncogenic Signatures and Phenotypes.},
journal = {Endocrinology},
volume = {165},
number = {10},
pages = {},
pmid = {39207954},
issn = {1945-7170},
support = {P30 CA047904/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States ; S10OD028483/NH/NIH HHS/United States ; S10 OD028483/OD/NIH HHS/United States ; F30CA250167/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States ; RRID:SCR_022735//University of Pittsburgh/ ; //The Breasties/ ; P30CA047904-31//UPMC Hillman Cancer Biology Program/ ; //Hillman Foundation/ ; //Breast Cancer Alliance/ ; //Shear Family Foundation/ ; //Pennsylvania Department of Health/ ; R21 CA237964/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States ; //PA Breast Cancer Coalition/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *Breast Neoplasms/genetics/pathology/metabolism ; Female ; *Estrogen Receptor alpha/genetics/metabolism ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Phenotype ; YAP-Signaling Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; SOX9 Transcription Factor/genetics/metabolism ; Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/genetics/pathology/metabolism ; Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/genetics/metabolism ; Signal Transduction/genetics ; Carcinoma, Lobular/genetics/metabolism/pathology ; Transcription Factors/genetics/metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/genetics/metabolism ; Ligands ; Cell Proliferation/genetics ; },
abstract = {Breast cancer is a leading cause of female mortality and despite advancements in personalized therapeutics, metastatic disease largely remains incurable due to drug resistance. The estrogen receptor (ER, ESR1) is expressed in two-thirds of all breast cancer, and under endocrine stress, somatic ESR1 mutations arise in approximately 30% of cases that result in endocrine resistance. We and others reported ESR1 fusions as a mechanism of ER-mediated endocrine resistance. ER fusions, which retain the activation function 1- and DNA-binding domains, harbor ESR1 exons 1 to 6 fused to an in-frame gene partner resulting in loss of the ER ligand-binding domain (LBD). We demonstrate that in a no-special type (invasive ductal carcinoma [IDC]-NST) and an invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) cell line, ER fusions exhibit robust hyperactivation of canonical ER signaling pathways independent of estradiol or antiendocrine therapies. We employ cell line models stably overexpressing ER fusions with concurrent endogenous ER knockdown to minimize endogenous ER influence. Cell lines exhibited shared transcriptomic enrichment in pathways known to be drivers of metastatic disease, notably MYC signaling. Cells expressing the 3' fusion partners SOX9 and YAP1 consistently demonstrated enhanced growth and cell survival. ILC cells expressing the DAB2 fusion led to enhanced growth, survival, and migration, phenotypes not appreciated in the IDC-NST DAB2 model. Herein, we report that cell line activity is subtype-, fusion-, and assay-specific, suggesting that LBD loss, the fusion partner, and the cellular landscape all influence fusion activities. Therefore, it will be critical to assess fusion frequency in the context of the clinicopathology.},
}

Humans
*Breast Neoplasms/genetics/pathology/metabolism
Female
*Estrogen Receptor alpha/genetics/metabolism
Cell Line, Tumor
Phenotype
YAP-Signaling Proteins/genetics/metabolism
SOX9 Transcription Factor/genetics/metabolism
Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/genetics/pathology/metabolism
Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/genetics/metabolism
Signal Transduction/genetics
Carcinoma, Lobular/genetics/metabolism/pathology
Transcription Factors/genetics/metabolism
Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/genetics/metabolism
Ligands
Cell Proliferation/genetics

@article {pmid39195215,
year = {2024},
author = {Zavaglio, F and Cassaniti, I and d'Angelo, P and Zelini, P and Comolli, G and Gregorini, M and Rampino, T and Del Frate, L and Meloni, F and Pellegrini, C and Abelli, M and Ticozzelli, E and Lilleri, D and Baldanti, F},
title = {Immune Control of Human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV) Infection in HCMV-Seropositive Solid Organ Transplant Recipients: The Predictive Role of Different Immunological Assays.},
journal = {Cells},
volume = {13},
number = {16},
pages = {},
pmid = {39195215},
issn = {2073-4409},
support = {FRRB 2015-043//Fondazione Regionale per la ricerca Biomedica/ ; PE 2016-02362470//Ministero della salute Ricerca Finalizzata/ ; 1032-rcr2023-43//Ministero della salute Ricerca Corrente/ ; 20179JHAM//Ministero dell'Università e della Ricerca, PRIN/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *Cytomegalovirus Infections/immunology/virology ; *Cytomegalovirus/immunology ; Female ; Male ; Middle Aged ; *Transplant Recipients ; Adult ; Organ Transplantation/adverse effects ; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; Aged ; DNA, Viral ; Dendritic Cells/immunology ; Enzyme-Linked Immunospot Assay ; Immunologic Tests/methods ; Cytokines/metabolism ; },
abstract = {Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection remains a major complication for solid organ transplant recipients (SOTRs). The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of HCMV-specific T cell immunity measured at the time of the HCMV-DNA peak in predicting the spontaneous clearance of infection. The performance of cytokine flow cytometry using infected dendritic cells (CFC-iDC), infected cell lysate (CFC-iCL) and pp65 peptide pool (CFC-pp65 pool) as stimuli, as well as ELISPOT assays using infected cell lysate (ELISPOT-iCL) and the pp65 peptide pool (ELISPOT-pp65 pool), was analysed. Among the 40 SOTRs enrolled, 16 patients (40%) required antiviral treatment for an HCMV infection (Non-Controllers), while the others spontaneously cleared the infection (Controllers). At the HCMV-DNA peak, the number of HCMV-specific CD4[+] T cells detected by the CFC-iDC, CFC-iCL and CFC-pp65 pool assays in Controllers was higher than that detected in Non-Controllers, while no difference was observed in terms of HCMV-specific CD8[+] T cell response. The same trend was observed when the HCMV-specific T cell response was measured by ELISPOT-iCL and ELISPOT-pp65 pool. We observed that the CD4[+] CFC-pp65 pool assay was the best predictor of self-resolving HCMV infection at the time of the HCVM-DNA peak. The CFC-pp65 pool assay is able to discriminate between CD4[+] and CD8[+] T cell responses and could be used in daily clinical practice.},
}

Humans
*Cytomegalovirus Infections/immunology/virology
*Cytomegalovirus/immunology
Female
Male
Middle Aged
*Transplant Recipients
Adult
Organ Transplantation/adverse effects
CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
Aged
DNA, Viral
Dendritic Cells/immunology
Enzyme-Linked Immunospot Assay
Immunologic Tests/methods
Cytokines/metabolism

@article {pmid39142851,
year = {2024},
author = {Kosáč, P and Zábojníková, M and Vážan, P and Petrů, V and Ratajský, M and Lajmar, K and Dudešek, B and Kudlová, P and Duben, J and Podrazká, L and Gatěk, J},
title = {Breast cancer in 80+ year olds.},
journal = {Rozhledy v chirurgii : mesicnik Ceskoslovenske chirurgicke spolecnosti},
volume = {103},
number = {7},
pages = {258-262},
doi = {10.48095/ccrvch2024258},
pmid = {39142851},
issn = {0035-9351},
mesh = {Humans ; Aged, 80 and over ; *Breast Neoplasms/pathology/surgery ; Female ; Retrospective Studies ; Male ; Axilla ; Breast Neoplasms, Male/pathology/surgery ; Lymph Node Excision ; Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/surgery/pathology/mortality ; Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy ; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant ; Radiotherapy, Adjuvant ; Mastectomy, Segmental ; },
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: The risk of breast cancer increases with increasing age. The aim of our retrospective study was to determine the extent of breast and axillary surgery, including subsequent adjuvant therapy, in 80-year and older patients.

METHODS: Between 2017 and 2021, 834 breast cancer patients were operated in the Surgical Department of the EUC Clinic. Ninety-eight women (2× with bilateral cancer) and 2 men were included in this retrospective study. A total of 102 breast cancer cases in patients older than 80 years were analyzed. The surgical procedure corresponded to the stage of the disease and the general condition of the patient. Adjuvant systemic therapy was indicated according to the same principles.

RESULTS: At the time of surgery, the patients were more than 80 years old (80-96 years). The predominant type of invasive ductal carcinoma was diagnosed 83×, lobular carcinoma 6×, mucinous 6×, papillary carcinoma 4×, other 3×, with luminal A, B predominating (89×). The breast-conserving procedures were performed 63×. Sentinel node biopsy was performed 65×, supplemented by axillary lymph node dissection 13×. Primary axillary lymph node dissection was performed 15×. No axillary procedure was performed 23×. Radiotherapy was given 49×, chemotherapy 9× and hormonal therapy 82×. Local and regional recurrences were each observed 2×. A total of 37 patients died, 10 of them from breast cancer.

CONCLUSION: The most common cause of death in patients aged 80+ years is a cardiovascular disease, not breast cancer itself. This fact should be taken into account when determining the treatment plan.},
}

Humans
Aged, 80 and over
*Breast Neoplasms/pathology/surgery
Female
Retrospective Studies
Male
Axilla
Breast Neoplasms, Male/pathology/surgery
Lymph Node Excision
Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/surgery/pathology/mortality
Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy
Chemotherapy, Adjuvant
Radiotherapy, Adjuvant
Mastectomy, Segmental

@article {pmid39123374,
year = {2024},
author = {Muñoz-Casares, FC and Martín-Broto, J and Cascales-Campos, P and Torres-Melero, J and López-Rojo, I and Gómez-Barbadillo, J and González-Bayón, L and Sebio, A and Serrano, C and Carvalhal, S and Abreu de Souza, J and Souza, A and Flores-Ayala, G and Palacios Fuenmayor, LJ and Lopes-Bras, R and González-López, JA and Vasques, H and Asencio-Pascual, JM},
title = {Ibero-American Consensus for the Management of Peritoneal Sarcomatosis: Updated Review and Clinical Recommendations.},
journal = {Cancers},
volume = {16},
number = {15},
pages = {},
pmid = {39123374},
issn = {2072-6694},
abstract = {Peritoneal sarcomatosis is a rare malignant disease with a poor prognosis, secondary to peritoneal dissemination of abdominopelvic soft tissue sarcomas. Its rarity, together with the characteristic histological heterogeneity and the historically poor response to systemic treatments, has prevented the establishment of widely accepted treatment criteria with curative intent. In this sense, radical cytoreductive surgery (CRS) with peritonectomy procedures and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC), widely used in peritoneal carcinomatosis with excellent results, have not had the same evolutionary development in patients with peritoneal sarcomatosis. A multidisciplinary working group of experts in sarcomas and peritoneal oncological surgery established a series of recommendations based on current scientific evidence for the management of peritoneal sarcomatosis, taking into account the different histological subgroups of abdominopelvic sarcomas that can cause it depending on their origin: retroperitoneal sarcomas, uterine sarcomas, and visceral/peritoneal sarcomas of GIST (gastrointestinal stromal tumor) and non-GIST origin. This article shows the results of sarcoma experts' voting on the recommendations presented during the I Ibero-American Consensus on the Management of Peritoneal Sarcomatosis, which took place during the recent celebration of the III Hispanic-Portuguese Meeting for Updates on the Treatment of Sarcomas.},
}

@article {pmid39101021,
year = {2024},
author = {Sood, A and Mishra, G and Khandelwal, S and Bhoyar, M and Manuja, N},
title = {Tumour thrombosis of the left axillary vein due to infiltrative ductal carcinoma causing superior vena cava obstruction.},
journal = {Radiology case reports},
volume = {19},
number = {10},
pages = {4195-4200},
pmid = {39101021},
issn = {1930-0433},
abstract = {Invasive ductal carcinoma is the most common type of breast cancer and can affect any age group, predominantly females older than 55 years of age. We present a case of a female in her mid-30s complaining of a fungating mass in the upper outer quadrant of the left anterior chest wall. On workup of the patient, it was histopathologically found that the patient was affected by infiltrating ductal carcinoma of the left breast, which was causing tumoral thrombosis of the left axillary vein. Also, thrombosis of the right axillary vein, bilateral brachiocephalic veins, and superior vena cava with a focal hepatic hotspot sign were appreciated on contrast-enhanced computed tomography scan. No such case of tumoral thrombosis of the axillary vein causing superior vena cava obstruction has been reported in recent literature.},
}

@article {pmid39097872,
year = {2024},
author = {Gilani, N and Ozaslan, M},
title = {Association of XRCC2 with breast cancer, a multi-omics analysis at genomic, transcriptomic, and epigenomic level.},
journal = {Cellular and molecular biology (Noisy-le-Grand, France)},
volume = {70},
number = {7},
pages = {252-259},
doi = {10.14715/cmb/2024.70.7.36},
pmid = {39097872},
issn = {1165-158X},
mesh = {Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; *Breast Neoplasms/genetics/pathology ; *DNA Methylation/genetics ; *DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Epigenomics/methods ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genomics/methods ; *Multiomics/methods ; Transcriptome/genetics ; },
abstract = {One of the main causes of cancer-related mortality for women worldwide is breast cancer (BC). The XRCC2 gene, essential for DNA repair, has been implicated in cancer susceptibility. This study aims to evaluate the association between XRCC2 and BC risk. The study was conducted at Zheen International Hospital in Erbil, Iraq, between 2021 and 2024 with a total of 88 samples, including 44 paired normal and cancer tissue samples. Mutation analysis was performed using Next-Generation Sequencing, coupled with in silico tools for variant impact prediction. Expression levels were assessed through RT-PCR, and methylation status was determined using methylation-sensitive restriction enzyme digestion PCR. The study identified seven inherited germline variants in the XRCC2 gene, with five of these mutations being Uncertain Significance, one being Likely Pathogenic, and one being Likely benign. RNA purity was found high with mean A260/280 ratios of 1.986 ± 0.097 in normal (N) and 1.963 ± 0.092 in tumor (T) samples. Tumor samples exhibited a higher RNA concentration (78.56 ± 40.87 ng/µL) than normal samples (71.44 ± 40.79 ng/µL). XRCC2 gene expression was significantly upregulated in tumor tissue, with marked increases in patients aged 40-55 and >56 years and in higher cancer grades (II and III) and invasive ductal carcinoma (p-values ranging from <0.0001 to 0.0392). DNA methylation rates in tumor tissues were low (7%), suggesting limited regulation by methylation. The study suggests that XRCC2 can be classified as an oncogene and that its structural investigation by targeted NGS and expression evaluation can be used as a potential biomarker in BC.},
}

Adult
Female
Humans
Middle Aged
*Breast Neoplasms/genetics/pathology
*DNA Methylation/genetics
*DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics/metabolism
Epigenomics/methods
Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
Genetic Predisposition to Disease
Genomics/methods
*Multiomics/methods
Transcriptome/genetics

@article {pmid39090623,
year = {2024},
author = {Phongpreecha, T and Mathi, K and Cholerton, B and Fox, EJ and Sigal, N and Espinosa, C and Reincke, M and Chung, P and Hwang, LJ and Gajera, CR and Berson, E and Perna, A and Xie, F and Shu, CH and Hazra, D and Channappa, D and Dunn, JE and Kipp, LB and Poston, KL and Montine, KS and Maecker, HT and Aghaeepour, N and Montine, TJ},
title = {Single-cell peripheral immunoprofiling of lewy body and Parkinson's disease in a multi-site cohort.},
journal = {Molecular neurodegeneration},
volume = {19},
number = {1},
pages = {59},
pmid = {39090623},
issn = {1750-1326},
mesh = {Humans ; *Parkinson Disease/immunology/metabolism ; *Lewy Body Disease/immunology ; Male ; Female ; Aged ; Case-Control Studies ; *Leukocytes, Mononuclear/metabolism/immunology ; Biomarkers/metabolism ; Middle Aged ; Cohort Studies ; Aged, 80 and over ; Lewy Bodies/pathology/metabolism ; Single-Cell Analysis/methods ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Multiple lines of evidence support peripheral organs in the initiation or progression of Lewy body disease (LBD), a spectrum of neurodegenerative diagnoses that include Parkinson's Disease (PD) without or with dementia (PDD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). However, the potential contribution of the peripheral immune response to LBD remains unclear. This study aims to characterize peripheral immune responses unique to participants with LBD at single-cell resolution to highlight potential biomarkers and increase mechanistic understanding of LBD pathogenesis in humans.

METHODS: In a case-control study, peripheral mononuclear cell (PBMC) samples from research participants were randomly sampled from multiple sites across the United States. The diagnosis groups comprise healthy controls (HC, n = 159), LBD (n = 110), Alzheimer's disease dementia (ADD, n = 97), other neurodegenerative disease controls (NDC, n = 19), and immune disease controls (IDC, n = 14). PBMCs were activated with three stimulants (LPS, IL-6, and IFNa) or remained at basal state, stained by 13 surface markers and 7 intracellular signal markers, and analyzed by flow cytometry, which generated 1,184 immune features after gating.

RESULTS: The model classified LBD from HC with an AUROC of 0.87 ± 0.06 and AUPRC of 0.80 ± 0.06. Without retraining, the same model was able to distinguish LBD from ADD, NDC, and IDC. Model predictions were driven by pPLCγ2, p38, and pSTAT5 signals from specific cell populations under specific activation. The immune responses characteristic for LBD were not associated with other common medical conditions related to the risk of LBD or dementia, such as sleep disorders, hypertension, or diabetes.

CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Quantification of PBMC immune response from multisite research participants yielded a unique pattern for LBD compared to HC, multiple related neurodegenerative diseases, and autoimmune diseases thereby highlighting potential biomarkers and mechanisms of disease.},
}

Humans
*Parkinson Disease/immunology/metabolism
*Lewy Body Disease/immunology
Male
Female
Aged
Case-Control Studies
*Leukocytes, Mononuclear/metabolism/immunology
Biomarkers/metabolism
Middle Aged
Cohort Studies
Aged, 80 and over
Lewy Bodies/pathology/metabolism
Single-Cell Analysis/methods

@article {pmid39072314,
year = {2024},
author = {Habanjar, O and Nehme, R and Goncalves-Mendes, N and Cueff, G and Blavignac, C and Aoun, J and Decombat, C and Auxenfans, C and Diab-Assaf, M and Caldefie-Chézet, F and Delort, L},
title = {The obese inflammatory microenvironment may promote breast DCIS progression.},
journal = {Frontiers in immunology},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1384354},
pmid = {39072314},
issn = {1664-3224},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; *Obesity/metabolism/pathology ; *Breast Neoplasms/pathology/immunology/metabolism ; *Tumor Microenvironment/immunology ; *Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/pathology/metabolism/immunology ; *Disease Progression ; *Coculture Techniques ; *Macrophages/immunology/metabolism ; Inflammation/pathology/metabolism ; Adipocytes/metabolism/pathology ; Adipose Tissue/pathology/metabolism ; Cell Line, Tumor ; },
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), characterized by a proliferation of neoplastic cells confined within the mammary ducts, is distinctly isolated from the surrounding stroma by an almost uninterrupted layer of myoepithelial cells (MECs) and by the basement membrane. Heightened interactions within the adipose microenvironment, particularly in obese patients, may play a key role in the transition from DCIS to invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC), which is attracting growing interest in scientific research. Adipose tissue undergoes metabolic changes in obesity, impacting adipokine secretion and promoting chronic inflammation. This study aimed to assess the interactions between DCIS, including in situ cancer cells and MECs, and the various components of its inflammatory adipose microenvironment (adipocytes and macrophages).

METHODS: To this end, a 3D co-culture model was developed using bicellular bi-fluorescent DCIS-like tumoroids, adipose cells, and macrophages to investigate the influence of the inflammatory adipose microenvironment on DCIS progression.

RESULTS: The 3D co-culture model demonstrated an inhibition of the expression of genes involved in apoptosis (BAX, BAG1, BCL2, CASP3, CASP8, and CASP9), and an increase in genes related to cell survival (TP53, JUN, and TGFB1), inflammation (TNF-α, PTGS2, IL-6R), invasion and metastasis (TIMP1 and MMP-9) in cancer cells of the tumoroids under inflammatory conditions versus a non-inflammatory microenvironment. On the contrary, it confirmed the compromised functionality of MECs, resulting in the loss of their protective effects against cancer cells. Adipocytes from obese women showed a significant increase in the expression of all studied myofibroblast-associated genes (myoCAFs), such as FAP and α-SMA. In contrast, adipocytes from normal-weight women expressed markers of inflammatory fibroblast phenotypes (iCAF) characterized by a significant increase in the expression of LIF and inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-8, and CXCL-10. These changes also influenced macrophage polarization, leading to a pro-inflammatory M1 phenotype. In contrast, myoCAF-associated adipocytes, and the cancer-promoting microenvironment polarized macrophages towards an M2 phenotype, characterized by high CD163 receptor expression and IL-10 and TGF-β secretion.

DISCUSSION: Reciprocal interactions between the tumoroid and its microenvironment, particularly in obesity, led to transcriptomic changes in adipocytes and macrophages, may participate in breast cancer progression while disrupting the integrity of the MEC layer. These results underlined the importance of adipose tissue in cancer progression.},
}

Humans
Female
*Obesity/metabolism/pathology
*Breast Neoplasms/pathology/immunology/metabolism
*Tumor Microenvironment/immunology
*Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/pathology/metabolism/immunology
*Disease Progression
*Coculture Techniques
*Macrophages/immunology/metabolism
Inflammation/pathology/metabolism
Adipocytes/metabolism/pathology
Adipose Tissue/pathology/metabolism
Cell Line, Tumor

@article {pmid39051633,
year = {2024},
author = {Liu, T and Jin, D and Le, SB and Chen, D and Sebastian, M and Riva, A and Liu, R and Tran, DD},
title = {Machine Learning-Directed Conversion of Glioblastoma Cells to Dendritic Cell-Like Antigen-Presenting Cells as Cancer Immunotherapy.},
journal = {Cancer immunology research},
volume = {12},
number = {10},
pages = {1340-1360},
doi = {10.1158/2326-6066.CIR-23-0721},
pmid = {39051633},
issn = {2326-6074},
support = {R42 CA228875/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States ; F30CA232641//National Cancer Institute (NCI)/ ; 6BC04//Florida Department of Health (DOH)/ ; R42CA228875//National Cancer Institute (NCI)/ ; P30CA014089//USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center (USC Norris)/ ; },
mesh = {*Glioblastoma/immunology/therapy/pathology ; Animals ; *Dendritic Cells/immunology ; Humans ; Mice ; *Machine Learning ; *Immunotherapy/methods ; Tumor Microenvironment/immunology ; Brain Neoplasms/immunology/therapy/pathology ; Antigen-Presenting Cells/immunology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; },
abstract = {Immunotherapy has limited efficacy in glioblastoma (GBM) due to the blood-brain barrier and the immunosuppressed or "cold" tumor microenvironment (TME) of GBM, which is dominated by immune-inhibitory cells and depleted of CTL and dendritic cells (DC). Here, we report the development and application of a machine learning precision method to identify cell fate determinants (CFD) that specifically reprogram GBM cells into induced antigen-presenting cells with DC-like functions (iDC-APC). In murine GBM models, iDC-APCs acquired DC-like morphology, regulatory gene expression profile, and functions comparable to natural DCs. Among these acquired functions were phagocytosis, direct presentation of endogenous antigens, and cross-presentation of exogenous antigens. The latter endowed the iDC-APCs with the ability to prime naïve CD8+ CTLs, a hallmark DC function critical for antitumor immunity. Intratumor iDC-APCs reduced tumor growth and improved survival only in immunocompetent animals, which coincided with extensive infiltration of CD4+ T cells and activated CD8+ CTLs in the TME. The reactivated TME synergized with an intratumor soluble PD1 decoy immunotherapy and a DC-based GBM vaccine, resulting in robust killing of highly resistant GBM cells by tumor-specific CD8+ CTLs and significantly extended survival. Lastly, we defined a unique CFD combination specifically for the human GBM to iDC-APC conversion of both glioma stem-like cells and non-stem-like cell GBM cells, confirming the clinical utility of a computationally directed, tumor-specific conversion immunotherapy for GBM and potentially other solid tumors.},
}

*Glioblastoma/immunology/therapy/pathology
Animals
*Dendritic Cells/immunology
Humans
Mice
*Machine Learning
*Immunotherapy/methods
Tumor Microenvironment/immunology
Brain Neoplasms/immunology/therapy/pathology
Antigen-Presenting Cells/immunology
Cell Line, Tumor
Mice, Inbred C57BL

@article {pmid39044875,
year = {2024},
author = {Kocaman, N and Onat, E and Balta, H and Üçer, Ö},
title = {Are Meteorin-Like Peptide and Asprosin Important in the Diagnosis of Breast Tumors?.},
journal = {Cureus},
volume = {16},
number = {6},
pages = {e62979},
pmid = {39044875},
issn = {2168-8184},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Breast cancer (BC) is one of the most common and leading causes of death in women. Therefore, early and accurate diagnosis is vital. In this study, meteorin-like (METRNL) peptide and asprosin levels were examined in breast tissue in invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) of the breast, and the roles of these molecules in the diagnosis of BC were investigated.

METHODS: In this retrospective study, tissues from patients with BC in the Pathology Department Laboratory of Fırat University Faculty of Medicine, Elazığ, Turkey, were used. Samples from 30 patients were used. The control group consisted of healthy breast tissues from the same patients. The pathology group consisted of breast tissues with IDC from the same patients. Breast tissue samples from both groups were evaluated immunohistochemically for METRNL and asprosin.

RESULTS: Statistically significant differences were observed between both groups in terms of METRNL and asprosin. It was observed that METRNL and asprosin immunoreactivities were higher in breast tissues with IDC than in healthy breast tissues (p<0.001).

CONCLUSION: When the study results were evaluated, it was seen that there was a significant relationship between healthy breast tissues and the ones with IDC in terms of METRNL and asprosin. It is thought that both METRNL and asprosin may be really important in the future for the early diagnosis and treatment of BC.},
}

@article {pmid39032239,
year = {2024},
author = {Davies, LSC and McDaid, L and Anandadas, C and Amaro, PF and Chuter, R and Woolf, D and Eccles, CL},
title = {Does the presence of Magtrace preclude adaptive breast radiotherapy on an MR-Linac?.},
journal = {Journal of medical imaging and radiation sciences},
volume = {55},
number = {4},
pages = {101716},
doi = {10.1016/j.jmir.2024.101716},
pmid = {39032239},
issn = {1876-7982},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: This work reports on an unusual finding observed during image quality assessment in the preparation for the clinical implementation of breast magnetic resonance image-guided radiotherapy (MRIgRT) on a 1.5 Tesla (T) magnetic resonance linear accelerator (MR-Linac) (Elekta AB, Stockholm, Sweden).

CASE AND OUTCOMES: A patient with T2 N0 M0 right breast invasive ductal carcinoma, receiving adjuvant radiotherapy, underwent two imaging sessions on the MR-Linac. The imaging protocol included T1- and T2-weighted (W) turbo spin echo (TSE) sequences, a T1W mDixon, and a T2W TSE navigated sequence acquired on end-expiration. All images were reconstructed in the axial plane. Images were assessed for image quality and appropriateness for use within the treatment pathway using visual grading analysis (VGA). An artefact in the right breast was noted independently by all observers. The patient's skin and medical notes were reviewed for possible explanation. The findings were discussed with the patient's responsible clinician, and subsequent referral to the local multi-disciplinary team (MDT) for radiologist review was made. On further investigation, the patient's images demonstrated a signal void in the subareolar region of the right breast coinciding with the surgical site. This was distal from the tumour bed and deemed unlikely to be related to a Magseed marker or intraoperative clips. The patient reported no history of nipple tattoo or piercing. There was nothing on clothing that this could be attributed to.

DISCUSSION: Following MDT review, where all potential sources of signal void were considered, it was concluded that the cause was Magtrace, a superparamagnetic iron oxide tracer, recommended for sentinel lymph node localisation in patients with breast cancer in the United Kingdom. The artefact was characteristic of a magnetic susceptibility artefact. These can arise from local magnetic field inhomogeneities caused by the presence of the metal compounds in MagTrace. For breast MRIgRT on the MR-Linac, treatment verification and the possibility of real-time replanning is a critical aspect. The magnetic susceptibility artefact significantly inhibited plan adaption and confidence in the online image registration process making the patient ineligible for treatment on the MR-Linac.

CONCLUSION: As part of ongoing work-up for breast MRIgRT, the screening of patients for Magtrace is now included. Optimisation of MR imaging sequences for radiotherapy planning and image review to minimise distortion are being developed.},
}

@article {pmid39005669,
year = {2024},
author = {Olbromski, M and Mrozowska, M and Piotrowska, A and Kmiecik, A and Smolarz, B and Romanowicz, H and Blasiak, P and Maciejczyk, A and Wojnar, A and Dziegiel, P},
title = {Prognostic significance of alpha-2-macrglobulin and low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1 in various cancers.},
journal = {American journal of cancer research},
volume = {14},
number = {6},
pages = {3036-3058},
pmid = {39005669},
issn = {2156-6976},
abstract = {Cancer is the leading cause of death worldwide. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that 10 million fatalities occurred in 2023. Breast cancer (BC) ranked first among malignancies with 2.26 million cases, lung cancer (LC) second with 2.21 million cases, and colon and rectum cancers (CC, CRC) third with 1.93 million cases. These results highlight the importance of investigating novel cancer prognoses and anti-cancer markers. In this study, we investigated the potential effects of alpha-2 macroglobulin and its receptor, LRP1, on the outcomes of breast, lung, and colorectal malignancies. Immunohistochemical staining was used to analyze the expression patterns of A2M and LRP1 in 545 cases of invasive ductal breast carcinoma (IDC) and 51 cases of mastopathies/fibrocystic breast disease (FBD); 256 cases of non-small cell lung carcinomas (NSCLCs) and 45 cases of non-malignant lung tissue (NMLT); and 108 cases of CRC and 25 cases of non-malignant colorectal tissue (NMCT). A2M and LRP1 expression levels were also investigated in breast (MCF-7, BT-474, SK-BR-3, T47D, MDA-MB-231, and MDA-MB-231/BO2), lung (NCI-H1703, NCI-H522, and A549), and colon (LS 180, Caco-2, HT-29, and LoVo) cancer cell lines. Based on our findings, A2M and LRP1 exhibited various expression patterns in the examined malignancies, which were related to one another. Additionally, the stroma of lung and colorectal cancer has increased levels of A2M/LRP1 areas, which explains the significance of the stroma in the development and maintenance of tumor homeostasis. A2M expression was shown to be downregulated in all types of malignancies under study and was positively linked with an increase in cell line aggressiveness. Although more invasive cells had higher levels of A2M expression, an IHC analysis showed the opposite results. This might be because exogenous alpha-2-macroglobulin is present, which has an inhibitory effect on several cancerous enzymes and receptor-dependent signaling pathways. Additionally, siRNA-induced suppression of the transcripts for A2M and LRPP1 revealed their connection, which provides fresh information on the function of the LRP1 receptor in A2M recurrence in cancer. Further studies on different forms of cancer may corroborate the fact that both A2M and LRP1 have high potential as innovative therapeutic agents.},
}

@article {pmid38992932,
year = {2024},
author = {Jamjoum, G and Arab, FS and Tayeb, R and Samkari, A and Johari, AA and Ashkar, L and Akbar, J},
title = {Cutaneous Metastasis in Breast Cancer: A Case Report.},
journal = {The American journal of case reports},
volume = {25},
number = {},
pages = {e943999},
pmid = {38992932},
issn = {1941-5923},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; *Breast Neoplasms/pathology ; Adult ; *Skin Neoplasms/secondary/pathology ; Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/secondary ; Lung Neoplasms/secondary/pathology ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND Breast cancer (BC) is the most common malignant disease in females and one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Its treatment plan includes a long-term follow-up and close surveillance, as recurrence is a well-acknowledged concern. BC can recur either locally or as a metastasis, and skin metastasis is a common complication in advanced breast cancer patients. It can present as a skin nodule, plaque, or erythematous lesion, and can be difficult to distinguish from benign skin conditions. The risk of skin metastasis is higher in patients with inflammatory BC. Treatment of such a complex condition is even more challenging, with poor prognosis. Here, we report a case of a 42-year-old woman with stage 4 luminal A BC who had soft tissue recurrence. CASE REPORT A 42-year-old woman with a history of left-sided BC diagnosed and treated 10 years ago presented with multiple soft tissue masses mimicking abscesses at the right lower middle of the back, bilateral thighs, and back of the neck, in the last 6 months, the largest measuring 8×10 cm. The masses were found to be metastatic BC that had spread to the skin and lungs. Because it was invasive ductal carcinoma with positive ER and PR receptors, she was started on hormonal treatment and chemotherapy. CONCLUSIONS This case report highlights the importance of follow-up in patients with a history of BC, as the cancer can recur and spread many years after treatment.},
}

Humans
Female
*Breast Neoplasms/pathology
Adult
*Skin Neoplasms/secondary/pathology
Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/secondary
Lung Neoplasms/secondary/pathology

@article {pmid38985057,
year = {2024},
author = {Uppal, R and Saeed, U and Uppal, MR and Khan, AA and Ahmad, M and Piracha, ZZ},
title = {SARS-CoV-2 clearance in term of Cycle Threshold (Ct) during first two waves of COVID-19 in Pakistan: a phenomenon of delayed viral clearance post-corticosteroid treatment.},
journal = {Brazilian journal of biology = Revista brasleira de biologia},
volume = {84},
number = {},
pages = {e271452},
doi = {10.1590/1519-6984.271452},
pmid = {38985057},
issn = {1678-4375},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19 ; Pakistan/epidemiology ; *Viral Load/drug effects ; *SARS-CoV-2 ; Male ; Female ; COVID-19 Drug Treatment ; Adult ; RNA, Viral/analysis ; Middle Aged ; Time Factors ; Adrenal Cortex Hormones/therapeutic use ; Young Adult ; Pandemics ; Adolescent ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ; COVID-19 Nucleic Acid Testing ; },
abstract = {SARS-CoV-2 is recently emerged virus, which caused millions of deaths, all over the world. To tackle COVID-19 pandemic, there is an utmost need for in-depth analysis of viral replication. We aimed to examine viral load in SARS-CoV-2 patients during first two waves of COVID-19 in Pakistan. 225,615 suspected subjects from 75 different regions of Pakistan were selected in the study. SARS-CoV-2 RNAs were detected via real time PCR. During first wave (period of June-July, 2020) of COVID-19 the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 was 20.38%. However, during second wave (period of November-December, 2020) of COVID-19, the rate of prevalence was 9.41%. During first wave of COVID-19 96.31% of participants remained PCR positive for 14 to 21 days, 3.39% of subjects showed positive results for 22 to 35 days, while delayed Ct values were observed among 0.26% of participants for 36 to 49 days. However, during second wave of COVID-19 89.31% of the subjects exhibited symptoms and showed real-time PCR positive results for 14 to 21 days, 9.42% showed positive results for 22 to 35 days, while significantly delayed Ct value results were observed among 1.026% of participants for 36 to 63 days (3.95 times higher than first wave). In contrast to first wave of COVID-19, the factors that were different in second wave were neither viral (different strains) nor host (same population). But treatment factors changed significantly. As during second wave besides azithromycin, corticosteroid dexamethasone consumption was increased consequently causing delayed Ct value negativity. This suggests that corticosteroid treatment might be linked with delayed Ct value or viral clearance. This study is crucial for re-considering effective therapeutic options against COVID-19.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19
Pakistan/epidemiology
*Viral Load/drug effects
*SARS-CoV-2
Male
Female
COVID-19 Drug Treatment
Adult
RNA, Viral/analysis
Middle Aged
Time Factors
Adrenal Cortex Hormones/therapeutic use
Young Adult
Pandemics
Adolescent
Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
COVID-19 Nucleic Acid Testing

@article {pmid38977136,
year = {2024},
author = {Kwon, Y and Gottmann, P and Wang, S and Tissink, J and Motzler, K and Sekar, R and Albrecht, W and Cadenas, C and Hengstler, JG and Schürmann, A and Zeigerer, A},
title = {Induction of steatosis in primary human hepatocytes recapitulates key pathophysiological aspects of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.},
journal = {Journal of hepatology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.jhep.2024.06.040},
pmid = {38977136},
issn = {1600-0641},
abstract = {BACKGROUND & AIMS: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is the most common cause of chronic liver disease. Owing to limited available treatment options, novel pre-clinical models for target selection and drug validation are warranted. We have established and extensively characterized a primary human steatotic hepatocyte in vitro model system that could guide the development of treatment strategies for MASLD.

METHODS: Cryopreserved primary human hepatocytes from five donors varying in sex and ethnicity were cultured with free fatty acids in a 3D collagen sandwich for 7 days and the development of MASLD was followed by assessing classical hepatocellular functions. As proof of concept, the effects of the drug firsocostat (GS-0976) on in vitro MASLD phenotypes were evaluated.

RESULTS: Incubation with free fatty acids induced steatosis, insulin resistance, mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation, and alterations in prominent human gene signatures similar to patients with MASLD, indicating the recapitulation of human MASLD in this system. The application of firsocostat rescued clinically observed fatty liver disease pathologies, highlighting the ability of the in vitro system to test the efficacy and potentially characterize the mode of action of drug candidates.

CONCLUSIONS: Altogether, our human MASLD in vitro model system could guide the development and validation of novel targets and drugs for the treatment of MASLD.

IMPACT AND IMPLICATIONS: Due to low drug efficacy and high toxicity, clinical treatment options for metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) are currently limited. To facilitate earlier stop-go decisions in drug development, we have established a primary human steatotic hepatocyte in vitro model. As the model recapitulates clinically relevant MASLD characteristics at high phenotypic resolution, it can serve as a pre-screening platform and guide target identification and validation in MASLD therapy.},
}

@article {pmid38964999,
year = {2024},
author = {Yan, X and Yang, L and Ye, X and Chen, J and Wang, T and Du, M},
title = {Unpacking the hazards: An analytic study of injury patterns and risk factors in urban instant delivery.},
journal = {Injury},
volume = {55},
number = {9},
pages = {111706},
doi = {10.1016/j.injury.2024.111706},
pmid = {38964999},
issn = {1879-0267},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; Risk Factors ; Male ; China/epidemiology ; *Accidents, Traffic/statistics & numerical data ; *Wounds and Injuries/epidemiology ; Middle Aged ; Adult ; Risk-Taking ; Urban Population/statistics & numerical data ; Young Adult ; },
abstract = {The rapid growth of urban instant delivery, facilitated by digital platforms and characterized by on-demand, short-term, task-based labor, has raised concerns about safety, particularly with the increasing frequency of instant delivery crashes (IDCs). This study addresses knowledge gaps in understanding injury patterns and risk factors associated with IDCs. Utilizing data extracted from judicial verdicts on IDC disputes in China, encompassing demographic, contextual, crash, and injury information, the research employs ordered logit regression to identify significant factors affecting injury patterns, the number of injuries per person (IPP), and injury severity. Overall, traffic injuries related to instant delivery services have gradually improved since 2020, as evidenced by the severity of individual accidents, the number of injuries, and the economic losses. Analysis of 648 injuries among 448 non-fatal victims reveals a prevalence of lower extremity injuries, followed by external, upper extremity, and head injuries. While the majority of victims suffered a single injury, approximately 22 % experienced major injuries. Female delivery riders exhibited higher injury ratios across various body regions. Rider risk behavior, type of delivery vehicles, and the mode of transport of non-delivery travelers emerged as significant influencers of injury patterns. Notably, functional and physical intersection areas exhibited the highest injury ratios among facility types. Contrary to conventional wisdom, older riders and travelers aged above 50 were associated with higher injury severity, challenging the perception of young age as the primary risk factor. The prominence of lower extremity injuries underscores the necessity for heightened protective measures for delivery riders. Major injuries among victims emphasize potential long-term consequences and associated costs. The significance of gender, age, and risk behavior as determining factors highlights the need for targeted safety interventions. These findings offer crucial insights for stakeholders, guiding the formulation of precise safety measures and informed policy initiatives within the dynamic landscape of instant delivery safety.},
}

Humans
Female
Risk Factors
Male
China/epidemiology
*Accidents, Traffic/statistics & numerical data
*Wounds and Injuries/epidemiology
Middle Aged
Adult
Risk-Taking
Urban Population/statistics & numerical data
Young Adult

@article {pmid38951766,
year = {2024},
author = {Nisar, MI and Kabole, I and Khanam, R and Shahid, S and Bakari, BA and Chowdhury, NH and Qazi, MF and Dutta, A and Rahman, S and Khalid, J and Dhingra, U and Hasan, T and Ansari, N and Deb, S and Mitra, DK and Mehmood, U and Aftab, F and Ahmed, S and Khan, S and Ali, SM and Ahmed, S and Manu, A and Yoshida, S and Bahl, R and Baqui, AH and Sazawal, S and Jehan, F},
title = {Does the implementation of revised American College of Cardiology and American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) guidelines improve the identification of stillbirths and preterm births in hypertensive pregnancies: a population-based cohort study from South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa.},
journal = {BMC pregnancy and childbirth},
volume = {24},
number = {1},
pages = {451},
pmid = {38951766},
issn = {1471-2393},
support = {001/WHO_/World Health Organization/International ; I64438//Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; Pregnancy ; *Premature Birth/epidemiology ; *Stillbirth/epidemiology ; Adult ; *Hypertension, Pregnancy-Induced/diagnosis/epidemiology ; *Practice Guidelines as Topic ; United States/epidemiology ; Pakistan/epidemiology ; Cohort Studies ; American Heart Association ; Bangladesh/epidemiology ; Tanzania/epidemiology ; Young Adult ; Blood Pressure ; Infant, Newborn ; Asia, Southern ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) are a significant cause of maternal mortality worldwide. The classification and treatment of hypertension in pregnancy remain debated. We aim to compare the effectiveness of the revised 2017 ACC/AHA blood pressure threshold in predicting adverse pregnancy outcomes.

METHODS: We conducted a secondary data analysis of the Alliance for Maternal and Newborn Health Improvement (AMANHI) biorepository study, including 10,001 pregnant women from Bangladesh, Pakistan, and Tanzania. Blood pressure was measured using validated devices at different antenatal care visits. The blood pressure readings were categorized as: normal blood pressure (systolic blood pressure (sBP) < 120 mm Hg and diastolic blood pressure (dBP) < 80 mm Hg), elevated blood pressure (sBP 120-129 and dBP < 80), stage 1 hypertension (sBP 130-139 or dBP 80-89, or both), and stage 2 hypertension (sBP ≥ 140 or dBP ≥ 90, or both). We estimated risk ratios for stillbirths and preterm births, as well as diagnostic test properties of both the pre-existing JNC7 (≥ 140/90) and revised ACC/AHA (≥ 130/80) thresholds using normal blood pressure as reference group.

RESULTS: From May 2014 to June 2018, blood pressure readings were available for 9,448 women (2,894 in Bangladesh, 2,303 in Pakistan, and 4,251 in Tanzania). We observed normal blood pressure in 70%, elevated blood pressure in 12.4%, stage 1 hypertension in 15.2%, and stage 2 hypertension in 2.5% of the pregnant women respectively. Out of these, 310 stillbirths and 9,109 live births were recorded, with 887 preterm births. Using the ACC/AHA criteria, the stage 1 hypertension cut-off revealed 15.3% additional hypertension diagnoses as compared to JNC7 criteria. ACC/AHA defined hypertension was significantly associated with stillbirths (RR 1.8, 95% CI 1.4, 2.3). The JNC 7 hypertension cut-off of ≥ 140/90 was significantly associated with a higher risk of preterm births (RR 1.6, 95% CI 1.2, 2.2) and stillbirths (RR 3.6, 95% CI 2.5, 5.3). Both criteria demonstrated low sensitivities (8.4 for JNC-7 and 28.1 for ACC/AHA) and positive predictive values (11.0 for JNC7 and 5.2 for ACC/AHA) in predicting adverse outcomes.

CONCLUSION: The ACC/AHA criteria (≥ 130/80) identified additional cases of hypertension but had limited predictive accuracy for stillbirths and preterm births, highlighting the ongoing need for improved criteria in managing pregnancy-related hypertension.},
}

Humans
Female
Pregnancy
*Premature Birth/epidemiology
*Stillbirth/epidemiology
Adult
*Hypertension, Pregnancy-Induced/diagnosis/epidemiology
*Practice Guidelines as Topic
United States/epidemiology
Pakistan/epidemiology
Cohort Studies
American Heart Association
Bangladesh/epidemiology
Tanzania/epidemiology
Young Adult
Blood Pressure
Infant, Newborn
Asia, Southern

@article {pmid38942922,
year = {2024},
author = {Pantazi, V and Miklós, V and Smith, P and Oláh-Németh, O and Pankotai-Bodó, G and Teja Dondapati, D and Ayaydin, F and D'Angiolella, V and Pankotai, T},
title = {Prognostic potential of CUL3 ligase with differential roles in luminal A and basal type breast cancer tumors.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {14},
number = {1},
pages = {14912},
pmid = {38942922},
issn = {2045-2322},
support = {Medical Research Council (MRC) grant MR/X006980/1//Vincenzo D'Angiolella/ ; National Research, Development and Innovation Office under NKFI-FK 13208//Tibor Pankotai/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *Cullin Proteins/metabolism/genetics ; Female ; Prognosis ; *Breast Neoplasms/pathology/genetics/metabolism ; *Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism/genetics ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Gene Expression Profiling ; MCF-7 Cells ; Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/genetics/pathology/metabolism ; },
abstract = {Breast cancer is a prevalent and significant cause of mortality in women, and manifests as six molecular subtypes. Its further histologic classification into non-invasive ductal or lobular carcinoma (DCIS) and invasive carcinoma (ILC or IDC) underscores its heterogeneity. The ubiquitin-proteasome system plays a crucial role in breast cancer, with inhibitors targeting the 26S proteasome showing promise in clinical treatment. The Cullin-RING ubiquitin ligases, including CUL3, have direct links to breast cancer. This study focuses on CUL3 as a potential biomarker, leveraging high-throughput sequencing, gene expression profiling, experimental and data analysis tools. Through comprehensive analysis using databases like GEPIA2 and UALCAN, as well as TCGA datasets, CUL3's expression and its association with prognostic values were assessed. Additionally, the impact of CUL3 overexpression was explored in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines, revealing distinct differences in molecular and phenotypic characteristics. We further profiled its expression and localization in breast cancer tissues identifying prominent differences between luminal A and TNBC tumors. Conclusively, CUL3 was found to be associated with cell cycle progression, and DNA damage response, exhibiting diverse roles depending on the tumor's molecular type. It exhibits a tendency to act as an oncogene in triple-negative tumors and as a tumor suppressor in luminal A types, suggesting a potential significance in breast cancer progression and therapeutic directions.},
}

Humans
*Cullin Proteins/metabolism/genetics
Female
Prognosis
*Breast Neoplasms/pathology/genetics/metabolism
*Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism/genetics
*Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
Cell Line, Tumor
Gene Expression Profiling
MCF-7 Cells
Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/genetics/pathology/metabolism

@article {pmid38929597,
year = {2024},
author = {Yoo, KC and Kim, DH and Park, S and Yun, H and Ryu, DH and Lee, J and Son, SM},
title = {Gastric Metastasis Mimicking Early Gastric Cancer from Invasive Ductal Carcinoma of the Breast: Case Report and Literature Review.},
journal = {Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania)},
volume = {60},
number = {6},
pages = {},
pmid = {38929597},
issn = {1648-9144},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; *Stomach Neoplasms/pathology/diagnosis ; Aged ; *Breast Neoplasms/pathology ; *Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/secondary/diagnosis ; *Gastrectomy/methods ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; },
abstract = {Backgound and Objectives: Gastric metastasis from invasive ductal breast cancer (BC) is rare. It mainly occurs in patients with lobular BC. The occurrence of multiple metastases is typically observed several years after the primary diagnosis. Endoscopic findings of gastric metastasis of the BC were usually the linitis plastic type. Case presentation: A 72-year-old women who underwent right modified radical mastectomy (MRM) 10 month ago was referred after being diagnosed with early gastric cancer (EGC) during systemic chemotherapy. EGC type I was found at gastric fundus, and pathologic finding showed poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. Metachronous double primary tumor EGC was considered. Management and Outcome: A laparoscopic total gastrectomy was performed, and postoperative pathology revealed submucosa invasion and two lymph node metastases. A pathologic review that focused on immunohistochemical studies of selected antibodies such as GATA binding protein 3 (GATA3), gross cystic disease fluid protein-15 (GCDFP-15), cytokeratin 7 (CK7) was performed again, comparing previous results. As a result, gastric metastasis from BC was diagnosed. After totally laparoscopic total gastrectomy, palliative first-line chemotherapy with paclitaxel/CDDP was performed. Two months after gastrectomy, she was diagnosed with para-aortic lymph node metastasis and multiple bone metastases. She expired six months after gastrectomy. Conclusions: Gastric metastasis from invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast, which is clinically manifested as EGC, is a very rare condition. If there is a history of BC, careful pathological review will be required.},
}

Humans
Female
*Stomach Neoplasms/pathology/diagnosis
Aged
*Breast Neoplasms/pathology
*Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/secondary/diagnosis
*Gastrectomy/methods
Diagnosis, Differential
Lymphatic Metastasis

@article {pmid38923054,
year = {2024},
author = {Sendag, S and Koca, D and Arslan, T and Schuler, G and Wehrend, A},
title = {Oestrogen and progesterone concentrations in intrapartum cows with insufficient cervix dilation.},
journal = {Reproduction in domestic animals = Zuchthygiene},
volume = {59},
number = {6},
pages = {e14656},
doi = {10.1111/rda.14656},
pmid = {38923054},
issn = {1439-0531},
mesh = {Animals ; Female ; Cattle ; *Progesterone/blood ; Pregnancy ; *Cervix Uteri ; *Estrogens/blood ; Dystocia/veterinary ; Estradiol/blood ; Cattle Diseases/blood ; },
abstract = {The cervix is an important organ that has to dilate sufficiently at delivery to allow the foetus to transition to extrauterine life. Insufficient dilatation of the cervix (IDC) is a frequent cause of dystocia in cattle. The mechanisms underlying cervical opening and the pathogenesis of IDC are still widely unclear. Systematic studies on the relationship between IDC and steroid hormones have been limited and have yielded inconsistent findings. This study aimed to measure oestrogen and progesterone (P4) concentrations in intrapartum cows presented with dystocia due to IDC and in a comparison (C) group of cows with eutocic delivery. Before any obstetrical procedures, and right after the initial evaluation, blood samples were taken from IDC and C animals. Concentrations of P4, oestradiol-17β (E2), free total oestrogens (FTE) and conjugated total oestrogens (CTE) were measured by established radioimmunoassays. Concentrations of P4 (p = .538), FTE (p = .065) and CTE (p = .605) were not statistically different between C and IDC groups. However, E2 levels in group C were significantly lower when compared to those in the IDC group (p = .013), which is inconsistent with the function of oestrogens in cervical dilatation. The correlation analysis demonstrated significant positive correlations between the pairs P4 versus FTE, P4 versus E2 and FTE versus E2 in group C and between the pair FTE versus E2 in group IDC. In conclusion, the results suggest that local activities of steroids relevant to the aetiology of IDC are not reflected by concentrations in the systemic circulation or that other factors are clearly more important.},
}

Animals
Female
Cattle
*Progesterone/blood
Pregnancy
*Cervix Uteri
*Estrogens/blood
Dystocia/veterinary
Estradiol/blood
Cattle Diseases/blood

@article {pmid38908072,
year = {2024},
author = {Berndt, C and Alborzinia, H and Amen, VS and Ayton, S and Barayeu, U and Bartelt, A and Bayir, H and Bebber, CM and Birsoy, K and Böttcher, JP and Brabletz, S and Brabletz, T and Brown, AR and Brüne, B and Bulli, G and Bruneau, A and Chen, Q and DeNicola, GM and Dick, TP and Distéfano, A and Dixon, SJ and Engler, JB and Esser-von Bieren, J and Fedorova, M and Friedmann Angeli, JP and Friese, MA and Fuhrmann, DC and García-Sáez, AJ and Garbowicz, K and Götz, M and Gu, W and Hammerich, L and Hassannia, B and Jiang, X and Jeridi, A and Kang, YP and Kagan, VE and Konrad, DB and Kotschi, S and Lei, P and Le Tertre, M and Lev, S and Liang, D and Linkermann, A and Lohr, C and Lorenz, S and Luedde, T and Methner, A and Michalke, B and Milton, AV and Min, J and Mishima, E and Müller, S and Motohashi, H and Muckenthaler, MU and Murakami, S and Olzmann, JA and Pagnussat, G and Pan, Z and Papagiannakopoulos, T and Pedrera Puentes, L and Pratt, DA and Proneth, B and Ramsauer, L and Rodriguez, R and Saito, Y and Schmidt, F and Schmitt, C and Schulze, A and Schwab, A and Schwantes, A and Soula, M and Spitzlberger, B and Stockwell, BR and Thewes, L and Thorn-Seshold, O and Toyokuni, S and Tonnus, W and Trumpp, A and Vandenabeele, P and Vanden Berghe, T and Venkataramani, V and Vogel, FCE and von Karstedt, S and Wang, F and Westermann, F and Wientjens, C and Wilhelm, C and Wölk, M and Wu, K and Yang, X and Yu, F and Zou, Y and Conrad, M},
title = {Ferroptosis in health and disease.},
journal = {Redox biology},
volume = {75},
number = {},
pages = {103211},
pmid = {38908072},
issn = {2213-2317},
support = {P30 CA008748/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {*Ferroptosis ; Humans ; Animals ; Iron/metabolism ; Neoplasms/metabolism/drug therapy/pathology ; Lipid Peroxidation ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Disease Susceptibility ; },
abstract = {Ferroptosis is a pervasive non-apoptotic form of cell death highly relevant in various degenerative diseases and malignancies. The hallmark of ferroptosis is uncontrolled and overwhelming peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids contained in membrane phospholipids, which eventually leads to rupture of the plasma membrane. Ferroptosis is unique in that it is essentially a spontaneous, uncatalyzed chemical process based on perturbed iron and redox homeostasis contributing to the cell death process, but that it is nonetheless modulated by many metabolic nodes that impinge on the cells' susceptibility to ferroptosis. Among the various nodes affecting ferroptosis sensitivity, several have emerged as promising candidates for pharmacological intervention, rendering ferroptosis-related proteins attractive targets for the treatment of numerous currently incurable diseases. Herein, the current members of a Germany-wide research consortium focusing on ferroptosis research, as well as key external experts in ferroptosis who have made seminal contributions to this rapidly growing and exciting field of research, have gathered to provide a comprehensive, state-of-the-art review on ferroptosis. Specific topics include: basic mechanisms, in vivo relevance, specialized methodologies, chemical and pharmacological tools, and the potential contribution of ferroptosis to disease etiopathology and progression. We hope that this article will not only provide established scientists and newcomers to the field with an overview of the multiple facets of ferroptosis, but also encourage additional efforts to characterize further molecular pathways modulating ferroptosis, with the ultimate goal to develop novel pharmacotherapies to tackle the various diseases associated with - or caused by - ferroptosis.},
}

*Ferroptosis
Humans
Animals
Iron/metabolism
Neoplasms/metabolism/drug therapy/pathology
Lipid Peroxidation
Oxidation-Reduction
Disease Susceptibility

@article {pmid38894870,
year = {2024},
author = {Ramamoorthy, P and Ramakantha Reddy, BR and Askar, SS and Abouhawwash, M},
title = {Histopathology-based breast cancer prediction using deep learning methods for healthcare applications.},
journal = {Frontiers in oncology},
volume = {14},
number = {},
pages = {1300997},
pmid = {38894870},
issn = {2234-943X},
abstract = {Breast cancer (BC) is the leading cause of female cancer mortality and is a type of cancer that is a major threat to women's health. Deep learning methods have been used extensively in many medical domains recently, especially in detection and classification applications. Studying histological images for the automatic diagnosis of BC is important for patients and their prognosis. Owing to the complication and variety of histology images, manual examination can be difficult and susceptible to errors and thus needs the services of experienced pathologists. Therefore, publicly accessible datasets called BreakHis and invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) are used in this study to analyze histopathological images of BC. Next, using super-resolution generative adversarial networks (SRGANs), which create high-resolution images from low-quality images, the gathered images from BreakHis and IDC are pre-processed to provide useful results in the prediction stage. The components of conventional generative adversarial network (GAN) loss functions and effective sub-pixel nets were combined to create the concept of SRGAN. Next, the high-quality images are sent to the data augmentation stage, where new data points are created by making small adjustments to the dataset using rotation, random cropping, mirroring, and color-shifting. Next, patch-based feature extraction using Inception V3 and Resnet-50 (PFE-INC-RES) is employed to extract the features from the augmentation. After the features have been extracted, the next step involves processing them and applying transductive long short-term memory (TLSTM) to improve classification accuracy by decreasing the number of false positives. The results of suggested PFE-INC-RES is evaluated using existing methods on the BreakHis dataset, with respect to accuracy (99.84%), specificity (99.71%), sensitivity (99.78%), and F1-score (99.80%), while the suggested PFE-INC-RES performed better in the IDC dataset based on F1-score (99.08%), accuracy (99.79%), specificity (98.97%), and sensitivity (99.17%).},
}

@article {pmid38837155,
year = {2024},
author = {Wang, WE and Ho, CC and Chang, CH},
title = {Taxane-Induced Cutaneous Toxic Effects.},
journal = {JAMA dermatology},
volume = {160},
number = {7},
pages = {771-772},
doi = {10.1001/jamadermatol.2024.1204},
pmid = {38837155},
issn = {2168-6084},
mesh = {Humans ; *Taxoids/adverse effects ; Female ; Drug Eruptions/etiology/pathology ; Antineoplastic Agents/adverse effects ; Middle Aged ; },
}

Humans
*Taxoids/adverse effects
Female
Drug Eruptions/etiology/pathology
Antineoplastic Agents/adverse effects
Middle Aged

@article {pmid38831458,
year = {2024},
author = {Morla-Barcelo, PM and Laguna-Macarrilla, D and Cordoba, O and Matheu, G and Oliver, J and Roca, P and Nadal-Serrano, M and Sastre-Serra, J},
title = {Unraveling malignant phenotype of peritumoral tissue: transcriptomic insights into early-stage breast cancer.},
journal = {Breast cancer research : BCR},
volume = {26},
number = {1},
pages = {89},
pmid = {38831458},
issn = {1465-542X},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; *Breast Neoplasms/genetics/pathology/mortality/metabolism ; *Gene Expression Profiling ; *Transcriptome ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; *Neoplasm Staging ; Prognosis ; *Protein Interaction Maps/genetics ; Middle Aged ; Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics ; Gene Regulatory Networks ; Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/genetics/pathology/metabolism ; Phenotype ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/genetics/pathology ; Aged ; Adult ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Early-stage invasive ductal carcinoma displays high survival rates due to early detection and treatments. However, there is still a chance of relapse of 3-15% after treatment. The aim of this study was to uncover the distinctive transcriptomic characteristics and monitoring prognosis potential of peritumoral tissue in early-stage cases.

METHODS: RNA was isolated from tumoral, peritumoral, and non-tumoral breast tissue from surgical resection of 10 luminal early-stage invasive ductal carcinoma patients. Transcriptome expression profiling for differentially expressed genes (DEGs) identification was carried out through microarray analysis. Gene Ontology and KEGG pathways enrichment analysis were explored for functional characterization of identified DEGs. Protein-Protein Interactions (PPI) networks analysis was performed to identify hub nodes of peritumoral tissue alterations and correlated with Overall Survival and Relapse Free Survival.

RESULTS: DEGs closely related with cell migration, extracellular matrix organization, and cell cycle were upregulated in peritumoral tissue compared to non-tumoral. Analyzing PPI networks, we observed that the proximity to tumor leads to the alteration of gene modules involved in cell proliferation and differentiation signaling pathways. In fact, in the peritumoral area were identified the top ten upregulated hub nodes including CDK1, ESR1, NOP58, PCNA, EZH2, PPP1CA, BUB1, TGFBR1, CXCR4, and CCND1. A signature performed by four of these hub nodes (CDK1, PCNA, EZH2, and BUB1) was associated with relapse events in untreated luminal breast cancer patients.

CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, our study characterizes in depth breast peritumoral tissue providing clues on the changes that tumor signaling could cause in patients with early-stage breast cancer. We propose that the use of a four gene signature could help to predict local relapse. Overall, our results highlight the value of peritumoral tissue as a potential source of new biomarkers for early detection of relapse and improvement in invasive ductal carcinoma patient's prognosis.},
}

Humans
Female
*Breast Neoplasms/genetics/pathology/mortality/metabolism
*Gene Expression Profiling
*Transcriptome
*Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
*Neoplasm Staging
Prognosis
*Protein Interaction Maps/genetics
Middle Aged
Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
Gene Regulatory Networks
Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/genetics/pathology/metabolism
Phenotype
Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/genetics/pathology
Aged
Adult

@article {pmid38784039,
year = {2024},
author = {Ahmad, H and Ali, A and Khalil, AT and Ali, R and Khan, I and Khan, MM and Ahmed, I and Basharat, Z and Alorini, M and Mehmood, A},
title = {Clinico-genomic findings, molecular docking, and mutational spectrum in an understudied population with breast cancer patients from KP, Pakistan.},
journal = {Frontiers in genetics},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1383284},
pmid = {38784039},
issn = {1664-8021},
abstract = {In this study, we report the mutational profiles, pathogenicity, and their association with different clinicopathologic and sociogenetic factors in patients with Pashtun ethnicity for the first time. A total of 19 FFPE blocks of invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) from the Breast Cancer (BC) tissue and 6 normal FFPE blocks were analyzed by whole-exome sequencing (WES). Various somatic and germline mutations were identified in cancer-related genes, i.e., ATM, CHEK2, PALB2, and XRCC2. Among a total of 18 mutations, 14 mutations were somatic and 4 were germline. The ATM gene exhibited the maximum number of mutations (11/18), followed by CHEK2 (3/18), PALB2 (3/18), and XRCC2 (1/18). Except one frameshift deletion, all other 17 mutations were nonsynonymous single-nucleotide variants (SNVs). SIFT prediction revealed 7/18 (38.8%) mutations as deleterious. PolyPhen-2 and MutationTaster identified 5/18 (27.7%) mutations as probably damaging and 10/18 (55.5%) mutations as disease-causing, respectively. Mutations like PALB2 p.Q559R (6/19; 31.5%), XRCC2 p.R188H (5/19; 26.31%), and ATM p.D1853N (4/19; 21.05%) were recurrent mutations and proposed to have a biomarker potential. The protein network prediction was performed using GeneMANIA and STRING. ISPRED-SEQ indicated three interaction site mutations which were further used for molecular dynamic simulation. An average increase in the radius of gyration was observed in all three mutated proteins revealing their perturbed folding behavior. Obtained SNVs were further correlated with various parameters related to the clinicopathological status of the tumors. Three mutation positions (ATM p. D1853N, CHEK2 p.M314I, and PALB2 p.T1029S) were found to be highly conserved. Finally, the wild- and mutant-type proteins were screened for two drugs: elagolix (DrugBank ID: DB11979) and LTS0102038 (a triterpenoid, isolated from the anticancer medicinal plant Fagonia indica). Comparatively, a higher number of interactions were noted for normal ATM with both compounds, as compared to mutants.},
}

@article {pmid38751260,
year = {2024},
author = {Shirazi, B and Niaz, M and Khan, MA},
title = {The characteristics and risk factors of breast cancer patients trend distinctive regional differences: a cross-sectional study.},
journal = {JPMA. The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association},
volume = {74},
number = {4},
pages = {672-676},
doi = {10.47391/JPMA.9360},
pmid = {38751260},
issn = {0030-9982},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; *Breast Neoplasms/epidemiology/pathology ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Pakistan/epidemiology ; Middle Aged ; Risk Factors ; Adult ; Retrospective Studies ; Male ; Neoplasm Staging ; Breast Neoplasms, Male/epidemiology/pathology ; Breast Feeding/statistics & numerical data ; Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/epidemiology/pathology ; Parity ; Aged ; Neoplasm Grading ; Marital Status ; },
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To determine the characteristics and risk factors of breast cancer patients in a tertiary care setting.

METHODS: The retrospective, cross-sectional study was conducted at the Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation, Karachi, and comprised data of all patients diagnosed with breast cancer from March 2017 to December 2021. Demographic characteristics, clinical presentation, stage of the disease and histopathological characteristics were noted. Data related to all the variables was not available in all cases. Data was analysed using SPSS 23.

RESULTS: Of the 690 patients, 683(99%) were females and 7(1%) were males. The mean age at presentation was 49.3±13.5 years, while the mean duration of symptoms was 10.24±17.64) months. Most of the females were married 642(93%) and multiparous 484(70.9%), while 293(42.5%) had breastfed their children for >1 year, and 412(59.7%) had no history of contraception use. The most common stage at presentation was stage II (48.6%), and most patients had grade II 395(57.2%) invasive ductal carcinoma, with Luminal A molecular subtype noted in 287(41.6%) cases.

CONCLUSIONS: The characteristics of breast cancer in the sample had certain distinctions compared to other populations. It is important to integrate all datasets and develop guidelines appropriate to Pakistani population.},
}

Humans
Female
*Breast Neoplasms/epidemiology/pathology
Cross-Sectional Studies
Pakistan/epidemiology
Middle Aged
Risk Factors
Adult
Retrospective Studies
Male
Neoplasm Staging
Breast Neoplasms, Male/epidemiology/pathology
Breast Feeding/statistics & numerical data
Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/epidemiology/pathology
Parity
Aged
Neoplasm Grading
Marital Status

@article {pmid38741627,
year = {2024},
author = {Ahuja, S and G, K and Zaheer, S},
title = {Evaluation of Histomorphological Changes in Breast Cancer Post-Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy.},
journal = {Indian journal of surgical oncology},
volume = {15},
number = {2},
pages = {236-240},
pmid = {38741627},
issn = {0975-7651},
abstract = {Breast cancer, a leading cause of global female mortality, demands comprehensive diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. This study delves into the nuanced realm of post-neoadjuvant chemotherapy breast cancer specimens, emphasizing the imperative need for pathologists to discern stromal and nuclear alterations adeptly. The investigation, encompassing 100 female patients with a mean age of 47.5 years, elucidates the demographic and clinicopathological parameters. Predominantly presenting as palpable lumps (85%), invasive ductal carcinoma emerged as the predominant histological type (98%). The primary focus of the study revolves around the morphological changes post-neoadjuvant chemotherapy, with a meticulous qualitative analysis encompassing stromal elements (fibrosis, elastosis, calcification) and nuclear features (pyknosis, hyperchromasia). Notably, the response to chemotherapy, classified by the International Union against Cancer criteria, delineates a substantial pathological complete response (55%), partial response (35%), and limited non-response (10%). The therapeutic landscape includes a majority of cases undergoing extensive chemotherapy cycles, primarily featuring the cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and paclitaxel regimen. Remarkably, this investigation unveils fibrosis (63%) and elastosis/collagenization (51%) as prevalent stromal changes, while pyknosis (58%) and hyperchromasia (48%) dominate nuclear alterations. In conclusion, this retrospective study provides a comprehensive overview of post-neoadjuvant chemotherapy breast cancer specimens, shedding light on the intricate interplay of clinical parameters, treatment responses, and histopathological changes. The findings underscore the pivotal role of pathologists in accurately diagnosing and grading tumors in the evolving landscape of breast cancer management.},
}

@article {pmid38734115,
year = {2024},
author = {Clark, AB and Conzen, SD},
title = {Glucocorticoid receptor-mediated oncogenic activity is dependent on breast cancer subtype.},
journal = {The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology},
volume = {243},
number = {},
pages = {106518},
doi = {10.1016/j.jsbmb.2024.106518},
pmid = {38734115},
issn = {1879-1220},
mesh = {Humans ; *Receptors, Glucocorticoid/metabolism/genetics ; Female ; *Breast Neoplasms/pathology/metabolism/genetics ; Receptors, Estrogen/metabolism/genetics ; Signal Transduction ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/genetics/pathology/metabolism/classification ; Animals ; Carcinogenesis/genetics/metabolism ; },
abstract = {Breast cancer incidence has been steadily rising and is the leading cause of cancer death in women due to its high metastatic potential. Individual breast cancer subtypes are classified by both cell type of origin and receptor expression, namely estrogen, progesterone and human epidermal growth factor receptors (ER, PR and HER2). Recently, the importance and context-dependent role of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) expression in the natural history and prognosis of breast cancer subtypes have been uncovered. In ER-positive breast cancer, GR expression is associated with a better prognosis as a result of ER-GR crosstalk. GR appears to modulate ER-mediated gene expression resulting in decreased tumor cell proliferation and a more indolent cancer phenotype. In ER-negative breast cancer, including GR-positive triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), GR expression enhances migration, chemotherapy resistance and cell survival. In invasive lobular carcinoma, GR function is relatively understudied, and more work is required to determine whether lobular subtypes behave similarly to their invasive ductal carcinoma counterparts. Importantly, understanding GR signaling in individual breast cancer subtypes has potential clinical implications because of the recent development of highly selective GR non-steroidal ligands, which represent a therapeutic approach for modulating GR activity systemically.},
}

Humans
*Receptors, Glucocorticoid/metabolism/genetics
Female
*Breast Neoplasms/pathology/metabolism/genetics
Receptors, Estrogen/metabolism/genetics
Signal Transduction
Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/genetics/pathology/metabolism/classification
Animals
Carcinogenesis/genetics/metabolism

@article {pmid38699697,
year = {2024},
author = {Geng, J and Jinli, S and Guo, W and Li, H and Dan, Y and Gao, Y},
title = {Expression and clinical significance of CA125, CA153 and CEA in nipple discharge of breast cancer patients.},
journal = {Journal of medical biochemistry},
volume = {43},
number = {2},
pages = {234-242},
pmid = {38699697},
issn = {1452-8258},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: It is an important clinical means to identify benign and malignant breast diseases caused by nipple discharge through the detection and analysis of components in nipple discharge. This study was aimed to test the expression and clinical significance of carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125), carbohydrate antigen 153 (CA153) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in nipple discharge of breast cancer patients.

METHODS: From January 2017 to December 2018, 86 patients with invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast with nipple discharge (breast cancer group) and 50 patients with ordinary breast duct hyperplasia with nipple discharge (benign control group) were selected, and the levels of CA125, CA153 and CEA in nipple discharge and serum were detected by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay.},
}

@article {pmid38695948,
year = {2024},
author = {Agreda-Castañeda, F and Freixa-Sala, R and Franco, M and Bultó-Gonzalvo, R and Areal-Calama, J},
title = {Predictive factors of post-HoLEP incontinence: differences between stress and urgency urinary incontinence.},
journal = {World journal of urology},
volume = {42},
number = {1},
pages = {281},
pmid = {38695948},
issn = {1433-8726},
mesh = {Humans ; Male ; *Urinary Incontinence, Stress/surgery/epidemiology ; *Urinary Incontinence, Urge/epidemiology/etiology ; Aged ; Middle Aged ; *Prostatectomy/methods ; Postoperative Complications/epidemiology/etiology ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Prostatic Hyperplasia/surgery/complications ; Urodynamics/physiology ; Age Factors ; },
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: The analysis of post-HoLEP urinary incontinence (UI) has traditionally focused on stress UI. Our aim is to evaluate the factors associated with stress and urgency UI in the first month after the surgery.

METHODS: Data were obtained from patients who underwent HoLEP by the same experienced surgeon. UI was evaluated at one month and at 6 months after the surgery. Three groups were defined: continent patients, patients with pure urgency UI and patients with stress or mixed UI. Preoperative, intraoperative, urodynamic and clinical variables were analyzed and compared between the three groups.

RESULTS: In total, 235 subjects were included. One month after the surgery, 156 (66.5%) were continent (group 1), 49 (20.8%) reported pure urgency UI (group 2), and 30 (12.7%) reported some level of stress UI (group 3). In Group 2, the factors associated with urgency UI in the univariate analysis were age, presurgical urgency UI, having diabetes or hypertension. In Group 3, age, prostatic volume, preoperative PSA, time of enucleation, weight of the resection in grams, having an IDC or being diabetic were significant in the univariate analysis. In the multivariate analysis, age predicts both types of UI, while prostatic volume and having an IDC predict stress or mixed UI.

CONCLUSION: In the first month post-HoLEP, age is a predictive factor of urgency UI and stress UI. In addition, prostatic volume and the presence of an indwelling urinary catheter are predictive factors of stress UI.},
}

Humans
Male
*Urinary Incontinence, Stress/surgery/epidemiology
*Urinary Incontinence, Urge/epidemiology/etiology
Aged
Middle Aged
*Prostatectomy/methods
Postoperative Complications/epidemiology/etiology
Retrospective Studies
Risk Factors
Prostatic Hyperplasia/surgery/complications
Urodynamics/physiology
Age Factors

@article {pmid38695332,
year = {2024},
author = {Iradukunda, Y and Kang, JY and Zhao, XB and Fu, XK and Nsanzamahoro, S and Ha, W and Shi, YP},
title = {Triple Sensing Modes for Triggered β-Galactosidase Activity Assays Based on Kaempferol-Deduced Silicon Nanoparticles and Biological Imaging of MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells.},
journal = {ACS applied bio materials},
volume = {7},
number = {5},
pages = {3154-3163},
doi = {10.1021/acsabm.4c00185},
pmid = {38695332},
issn = {2576-6422},
mesh = {Female ; Humans ; *beta-Galactosidase/metabolism ; Biocompatible Materials/chemistry/pharmacology/chemical synthesis ; *Breast Neoplasms/diagnosis/pathology ; Colorimetry ; *Kaempferols/chemistry/pharmacology ; MCF-7 Cells ; Molecular Structure ; *Nanoparticles/chemistry ; Particle Size ; *Silicon/chemistry ; },
abstract = {β-Galactosidase (β-Gala) is an essential biomarker enzyme for early detection of breast tumors and cellular senescence. Creating an accurate way to monitor β-Gala activity is critical for biological research and early cancer detection. This work used fluorometric, colorimetric, and paper-based color sensing approaches to determine β-Gala activity effectively. Via the sensing performance, the catalytic activity of β-Gala resulted in silicon nanoparticles (SiNPs), fluorescent indicators obtained via a one-pot hydrothermal process. As a standard enzymatic hydrolysis product of the substrate, kaempferol 3-O-β-d-galactopyranoside (KOβDG) caused the fluorometric signal to be attenuated on kaempferol-silicon nanoparticles (K-SiNPs). The sensing methods demonstrated a satisfactory linear response in sensing β-Gala and a low detection limit. The findings showed the low limit of detection (LOD) as 0.00057 and 0.098 U/mL for fluorometric and colorimetric, respectively. The designed probe was then used to evaluate the catalytic activity of β-Gala in yogurt and human serum, with recoveries ranging from 98.33 to 107.9%. The designed sensing approach was also applied to biological sample analysis. In contrast, breast cancer cells (MCF-7) were used as a model to test the in vitro toxicity and molecular fluorescence imaging potential of K-SiNPs. Hence, our fluorescent K-SiNPs can be used in the clinic to diagnose breast cellular carcinoma, since they can accurately measure the presence of invasive ductal carcinoma in serologic tests.},
}

Female
Humans
*beta-Galactosidase/metabolism
Biocompatible Materials/chemistry/pharmacology/chemical synthesis
*Breast Neoplasms/diagnosis/pathology
Colorimetry
*Kaempferols/chemistry/pharmacology
MCF-7 Cells
Molecular Structure
*Nanoparticles/chemistry
Particle Size
*Silicon/chemistry

@article {pmid38684702,
year = {2024},
author = {de Oliveira, RM and Paiva, MUB and Picossi, CRC and Paiva, DVN and Ricart, CAO and Ruperez, FJ and Barbas, C and Atik, FA and Martins, AMA},
title = {Metabolomic insights in advanced cardiomyopathy of chronic chagasic and idiopathic patients that underwent heart transplant.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {14},
number = {1},
pages = {9810},
pmid = {38684702},
issn = {2045-2322},
support = {EADS CASA 002/DCTA-COPAC/2014//Airbus Spain/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *Heart Transplantation ; Male ; Female ; Middle Aged ; *Chagas Cardiomyopathy/metabolism/blood ; *Metabolomics/methods ; *Cardiomyopathy, Dilated/metabolism/surgery/blood ; Adult ; Metabolome ; Heart Failure/metabolism/etiology ; Aged ; Chronic Disease ; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry ; },
abstract = {Heart failure (HF) studies typically focus on ischemic and idiopathic heart diseases. Chronic chagasic cardiomyopathy (CCC) is a progressive degenerative inflammatory condition highly prevalent in Latin America that leads to a disturbance of cardiac conduction system. Despite its clinical and epidemiological importance, CCC molecular pathogenesis is poorly understood. Here we characterize and discriminate the plasma metabolomic profile of 15 patients with advanced HF referred for heart transplantation - 8 patients with CCC and 7 with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (IDC) - using gas chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Compared to the 12 heart donor individuals, also included to represent the control (CTRL) scenario, patients with advanced HF exhibited a metabolic imbalance with 21 discriminating metabolites, mostly indicative of accumulation of fatty acids, amino acids and important components of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. CCC vs. IDC analyses revealed a metabolic disparity between conditions, with 12 CCC distinctive metabolites vs. 11 IDC representative metabolites. Disturbances were mainly related to amino acid metabolism profile. Although mitochondrial dysfunction and loss of metabolic flexibility may be a central mechanistic event in advanced HF, metabolic imbalance differs between CCC and IDC populations, possibly explaining the dissimilar clinical course of Chagas' patients.},
}

Humans
*Heart Transplantation
Male
Female
Middle Aged
*Chagas Cardiomyopathy/metabolism/blood
*Metabolomics/methods
*Cardiomyopathy, Dilated/metabolism/surgery/blood
Adult
Metabolome
Heart Failure/metabolism/etiology
Aged
Chronic Disease
Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry

@article {pmid38680708,
year = {2024},
author = {Shaghaghi Torkdari, Z and Khalaj-Kondori, M and Hosseinpour Feizi, MA},
title = {Plasma Circulating Terminal Differentiation-Induced Non-Coding RNA Serves as a Biomarker in Breast Cancer.},
journal = {International journal of hematology-oncology and stem cell research},
volume = {18},
number = {1},
pages = {1-6},
pmid = {38680708},
issn = {2008-3009},
abstract = {Background: Breast cancer is identified as the most common malignancy and cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Compared with healthy controls, this study evaluated the expression level and diagnostic power of lncRNA plasma TINCR in breast cancer patients. Materials and Methods: Fifty-eight women diagnosed with invasive ductal carcinoma and fifty healthy age- matched controls were included in the study. TRIzol[®] LS regent was used to isolate the total RNA from the whole plasma. Total RNA was converted to cDNA using Prime Script[TM] RT reagent kit and the expression levels of TINCR were quantified by qRT-PCR. Results: Low levels of TINCR lncRNA were observed in the plasma of breast cancer patients compared with control subjects. Plasma TINCR level was also positively correlated with the diagnostic age of breast cancer patients. Conclusion: A low level of plasma TINCR could discriminate breast cancer patients from healthy control subjects.},
}

@article {pmid38677859,
year = {2024},
author = {de Souza, IC and Langer, FW},
title = {Post-radiation angiosarcoma of the breast in a patient with a history of invasive ductal carcinoma.},
journal = {Lancet (London, England)},
volume = {403},
number = {10437},
pages = {1681-1682},
doi = {10.1016/S0140-6736(24)00688-3},
pmid = {38677859},
issn = {1474-547X},
mesh = {Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; *Breast Neoplasms/radiotherapy ; *Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/radiotherapy ; *Hemangiosarcoma/etiology ; *Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced/etiology ; Neoplasms, Second Primary/etiology ; },
}

Female
Humans
Middle Aged
*Breast Neoplasms/radiotherapy
*Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/radiotherapy
*Hemangiosarcoma/etiology
*Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced/etiology
Neoplasms, Second Primary/etiology

@article {pmid38672600,
year = {2024},
author = {Yousef, YA and Mohammad, M and Khalil, H and Khouri, T and Alsweiti, R and Khzouz, J and Abu Laban, D and Jaradat, I and Ibrahimi, AK and Al-Ibraheem, A and Masri, MA and AlNawiaseh, I and Abdel-Razeq, H},
title = {Ocular and Periocular Metastasis in Breast Cancer: Clinical Characteristics, Prognostic Factors and Treatment Outcome.},
journal = {Cancers},
volume = {16},
number = {8},
pages = {},
pmid = {38672600},
issn = {2072-6694},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Breast cancer remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality and morbidity worldwide. Ocular and periocular metastasis present as a rare but clinically significant manifestation. This study aims to explore demographics and clinical aspects of ocular and periocular metastasis in breast cancer patients.

METHODS: A retrospective cohort study comprising 45 breast cancer patients with ocular or periocular metastasis treated between 2013 and 2023. Patient demographics, tumor characteristics, diagnostic methods, treatment modalities, visual outcomes, and survival data were analyzed.

RESULTS: Among 9902 breast cancer patients, 0.5% developed ocular or periocular metastasis, constituting 2.4% of metastatic cases. The median age was 50 years. Ocular metastasis timing varied: 5% before breast cancer, 24% concurrent, 22% within a year, and 49% after. The most common presentations included incidental MRI findings (42%) and vision decline (31%). Metastasis involved the orbit (47%), choroid (40%), optic nerve (11%), and iris (2%), with 44% having bilateral involvement. Predictive factors included invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) (p < 0.0001) and brain metastasis (p < 0.0001), with ILC exhibiting a sixfold higher likelihood of ocular metastasis than invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC). Primary treatment was radiation therapy (89%), yielding a 55% maintenance of excellent vision (<0.5), with 93% developing dry eye disease. Patients with ocular metastasis faced an increased risk of disease-related mortality (p < 0.0001), with 71% succumbing within 10 months post-diagnosis.

CONCLUSIONS: Ocular metastasis in breast cancer is rare (0.5%) but signifies poor outcome. It is linked to ILC and concurrent brain metastasis. Primary treatment involves radiation therapy, with a favorable visual prognosis.},
}

@article {pmid38656713,
year = {2024},
author = {Kikuchi, M and Miyabe, R and Matsushima, H and Kita, H and Kobayashi, J and Ando, T and Atsuta, K and Shintani, T},
title = {Tumor lysis syndrome following letrozole for locally advanced breast cancer: a case report.},
journal = {Surgical case reports},
volume = {10},
number = {1},
pages = {100},
pmid = {38656713},
issn = {2198-7793},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Letrozole, an aromatase inhibitor, is used to treat breast cancer in postmenopausal women. Tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) is a complication that can trigger multiple organ failure caused by the release of intracellular nucleic acids, phosphate, and potassium into the blood due to rapid tumor cell disintegration induced by drug therapy. TLS is uncommon in solid tumors and occurs primarily in patients receiving chemotherapy. Herein, we report a rare occurrence of TLS that developed in a patient with locally advanced breast cancer following treatment with letrozole.

CASE PRESENTATION: An 80-year-old woman with increased bleeding from a fist-sized left-sided breast mass presented to our hospital. Histological examination led to a diagnosis of invasive ductal carcinoma of the luminal type. The patient refused chemotherapy and was administered hormonal therapy with letrozole. Seven days after letrozole initiation, she complained of anorexia and diarrhea. Blood test results revealed elevated blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (Cr) levels, and she was admitted to our hospital for intravenous infusions. On the second day after admission, marked elevations of LDH, BUN, Cr, potassium, calcium, and uric acid levels were observed. Furthermore, metabolic acidosis and prolonged coagulation capacity were observed. We suspected TLS and discontinued letrozole, and the patient was treated with hydration, febuxostat, and maintenance hemodialysis. On the third day after admission, her respiratory status worsened because of acute respiratory distress syndrome associated with hypercytokinemia, and she was intubated. On the fourth day after admission, her general condition did not improve, and she died.

CONCLUSIONS: Although TLS typically occurs after chemotherapy initiation, the findings from the present case confirm that this syndrome can also occur after hormonal therapy initiation and should be treated with caution.},
}

@article {pmid38644311,
year = {2024},
author = {Satoh, E and Innami, Y and Uehira, D and Yonekura, K and Murakata, A and Ohinata, R and Toyofuku, Y and Tanami, H and Osanai, T and Sugano, N and Sakoma, T},
title = {[A Long-Surviving Case of Locally Advanced Breast Cancer with Multiple Lung Metastasis].},
journal = {Gan to kagaku ryoho. Cancer & chemotherapy},
volume = {51},
number = {4},
pages = {427-429},
pmid = {38644311},
issn = {0385-0684},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; *Breast Neoplasms/pathology/drug therapy ; *Lung Neoplasms/secondary/drug therapy ; Aged ; *Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use ; Time Factors ; Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/secondary/therapy/drug therapy ; Mastectomy ; },
abstract = {We report a case of right advanced breast cancer with multiple lung metastases in a 66-year-old woman. Her breast cancer(invasive ductal carcinoma, cT4bN1M1, Stage Ⅳ)was resected in October 2007(mastectomy plus axillary lymph node dissection)after local arterial infusion therapy(total dose 5-FU 4,735 mg plus adriamycin 180 mg), which caused bilateral lung arterial embolism due to deep vein thrombosis in right her leg. She had to be treated by anticoagulant therapy, mechanical ventilation and placement of IVC filter before her operation. Subsequent chemo-endocrine therapy(docetaxel 6 courses plus anastrozole)was continued. In October 2008, a CT scan showed disappearance of multiple lung metastases (complete response). In November 2015 (8 years after her operation), a CT scan showed recurrence of multiple lung metastases and endocrine therapy was changed to tamoxifen. A year later, a CT scan showed disappearance of multiple lung metastases(complete response)again and keep a condition of complete response in her breast cancer until May 2023 (15 years after her operation).},
}

Humans
Female
*Breast Neoplasms/pathology/drug therapy
*Lung Neoplasms/secondary/drug therapy
Aged
*Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use
Time Factors
Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/secondary/therapy/drug therapy
Mastectomy

@article {pmid38638844,
year = {2024},
author = {Zhou, H and Liu, D and Chen, L and Zhang, Y and Zhao, X and Ge, Y and Liu, M and Kong, T},
title = {Metastasis to the bladder from primary breast cancer: A case report and literature review.},
journal = {Oncology letters},
volume = {27},
number = {6},
pages = {249},
pmid = {38638844},
issn = {1792-1082},
abstract = {Breast cancer is the most prevalent malignant tumor affecting women and represents the leading cause of female cancer-related mortality worldwide. Although distant organ metastasis accounts for the majority of breast cancer-related deaths, reports on bladder metastasis are limited in the existing literature. The present study describes the case of a patient with bladder metastasis originating from breast cancer. In addition, the present study also provides a review of 54 cases of similar disease that have been documented in the currently available literature. The literature review aims to elucidate the clinicopathological characteristics and therapeutic approaches for such conditions. The median time from breast cancer diagnosis to bladder metastasis was found to be 5.6 years (range, 0-28 years). The origin of the bladder metastases was predominantly invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) accounting for 52.3% of cases, followed by invasive lobular carcinoma, accounting for 40.9% of cases. The pathology in the primary tumor was the same as the pathology of the bladder metastases in all cases. There was an 88.9% concordance rate for estrogen receptor status, while the progesterone receptor status was 83.3% and the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 expression status was 100%. The primary initial symptoms included urinary system manifestations, such as increased frequency, urgency, dysuria, urinary incontinence, nocturia and gross hematuria. For the cystoscopic examination, the predominant findings were bladder wall thickening or masses, along with ureteral orifice masses. Overall, the present study demonstrated that the occurrence of bladder metastasis often follows the metastasis of other organs, with IDC being the most prevalent subtype. The pathological characteristics between the primary tumor and bladder metastasis exhibit a high degree of concordance.},
}

@article {pmid38624259,
year = {2024},
author = {Petrakis, IL and Meshberg-Cohen, S and Nich, C and Kelly, MM and Claudio, T and Jane, JS and Pisani, E and Ralevski, E},
title = {Cognitive processing therapy (CPT) versus individual drug counseling (IDC) for PTSD for veterans with opioid use disorder maintained on buprenorphine.},
journal = {The American journal on addictions},
volume = {33},
number = {5},
pages = {525-533},
doi = {10.1111/ajad.13557},
pmid = {38624259},
issn = {1521-0391},
support = {1 I01 CX001517-01//VA MERIT grant, Division of Clinical Science Research and Development/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/therapy/drug therapy/psychology/complications ; *Buprenorphine/therapeutic use ; *Veterans/psychology ; Male ; *Opioid-Related Disorders/drug therapy/therapy/psychology/complications ; *Cognitive Behavioral Therapy/methods ; *Opiate Substitution Treatment/methods ; Middle Aged ; Female ; Counseling/methods ; Adult ; Narcotic Antagonists/therapeutic use ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: There are high rates of comorbidity between posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and opioid use disorder (OUD). Evidence-based trauma-focused psychotherapies such as Cognitive Processing Therapy (CPT) are a first-line treatment for PTSD. Veterans with OUD are treated primarily in substance use disorder (SUD) clinics where the standard of care is drug counseling; they often do not have access to first-line PTSD treatments. This study tested whether CPT can be conducted safely and effectively in veterans with comorbid OUD treated with buprenorphine.

METHODS: This 12-week, 2-site, randomized clinical trial (RCT) included open-label randomization to two groups: (a) CPT versus (b) Individual Drug Counselling (IDC) in veterans with PTSD and comorbid OUD who were maintained on buprenorphine (N = 38).

RESULTS: Veterans randomized to either IDC (n = 18) or CPT (n = 20) showed a significant reduction in self-reported PTSD symptoms over time as measured by the PTSD checklist (PCL-5) but there were no treatment group differences; there was some indication that reduction in PTSD symptoms in the CPT group were sustained in contrast to the IDC group. Recruitment was significantly impacted by COVID-19 pandemic, so this study serves as a proof-of-concept pilot study.

DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: Veterans with OUD and PTSD can safely and effectively participate in evidence-based therapy for PTSD; further work should confirm that trauma-focused treatment may be more effective in leading to sustained remission of PTSD symptoms than drug counseling.

SCIENTIFIC SIGNIFICANCE: This is the first study to evaluate CPT for PTSD in the context of buprenorphine treatment for OUD.},
}

Humans
*Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/therapy/drug therapy/psychology/complications
*Buprenorphine/therapeutic use
*Veterans/psychology
Male
*Opioid-Related Disorders/drug therapy/therapy/psychology/complications
*Cognitive Behavioral Therapy/methods
*Opiate Substitution Treatment/methods
Middle Aged
Female
Counseling/methods
Adult
Narcotic Antagonists/therapeutic use

@article {pmid38577141,
year = {2024},
author = {Sukhija, S and Purohit, P and Pareek, P and Garg, PK and Vishnoi, JR and Elhence, PA and Varthya, SB and Sharma, P and Ambwani, S and Charan, J},
title = {Circulating miRNA-21 Levels in Breast Cancer Patients Before and After Chemotherapy and Its Association with Clinical Improvement.},
journal = {Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB},
volume = {39},
number = {2},
pages = {214-220},
pmid = {38577141},
issn = {0970-1915},
abstract = {Breast cancer is the most frequent type of cancer in women, many patients experience recurrences and metastasis. miR-21 (microRNA-21) as biomarker is under investigation for breast cancer. At present, there is very limited information available regarding effect of chemotherapy on miR-21 expression in breast cancer and its correlation with the clinical improvement. Hence, this study was planned to evaluate the effect of chemotherapy on miR-21 in metastatic breast cancer and its relationship with the clinical outcome. Females, aged-18-90 years diagnosed with Invasive Ductal Carcinoma of breast and candidate of neoadjuvant chemotherapy including Adriamycin (60 mg/m[2]), Cyclophosphamide (600 mg/m[2]) with or without Taxane (75-175 mg/m[2]) were included in the study. Before and after 42 days of staring of chemotherapy sample was collected for circulatory miR-21 and RECIST 1.1 criteria was applied to assess the clinical status. Blood samples for routine clinical biomarkers including liver function test and renal function tests was also collected. miR-21 expression before and after chemotherapy was assessed using standard method based on real time PCR. Expression of miR-21, RECIST criteria and other liver and kidney related biomarkers were compared before and after chemotherapy. After neoadjuvant chemotherapy expression of miR-21 was significantly increased by 5.65-fold. There was significant improvement in clinical scores based on RECIST criteria (0.046). No significant correlation was observed between miR-21 expression and difference in RECIST score (r = - 0.122, p = 0.570). Neoadjuvant chemotherapy causes clinical improvement in breast cancer patients however it is not correlated with the miR-21 expression which significantly increased after chemotherapy.},
}

@article {pmid38576929,
year = {2024},
author = {Jamal, O and Makhchoune, M and Laidi, A and Misbahi, T and Haouas, MY and Chellaoui, A and Bertal, A and Hilmani, S and Ibahiouine, K and Naja, A and Lakhder, A},
title = {Rupture of a dermoid cyst in the subarachnoid space: a case report.},
journal = {Annals of medicine and surgery (2012)},
volume = {86},
number = {4},
pages = {2366-2369},
pmid = {38576929},
issn = {2049-0801},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE: Intracranial dermoid cysts (IDC) are defined as rare, slow-growing cystic congenital neoplasms. Rupture of an intracranial dermoid cyst occurs rarely and most often spontaneously and results in potentially serious symptoms.

CASE PRESENTATION: A39-year-old female, with mechanical prosthetic heart valve presented with history of headache for 10 months and generalized tonicoclonic seizures. On the admission, the patient had a normal neurological and cranial nerve exam. The authors performed a computed tomography of the brain, The MRI could not be performed because of the presence of the prosthetic valve, revealed rupture of the dermoid cyst in the bilateral subarachnoid spaces. The patient underwent a large temporal craniotomy and the tumour was well exposed and completely removed without incident, the histopathological examination concludes to dermoid cyst, the patient recovered well from surgery.

CLINICAL DISCUSSION: Rupture is a very rare phenomenon. there are about 60 cases reported in the literature. the contents of the cyst disseminate into the subarachnoid and ventricular spaces in the event of rupture. A variety of clinical symptoms is usually caused. The mechanism of spontaneous rupture of the dermoid cyst is unclear. Among the proposed mechanisms is a rapid expansion of the cyst. Complete surgical resection of dermoid cysts is the only effective treatment for the prevention of recurrences and/or complications.

CONCLUSION: Rupture of an intracranial dermoid cyst is associated with significant morbidity and mortality, although it remains a rare phenomenon. Surgical excision should be considered as soon as the diagnosis is made in order to prevent more severe intracranial complication.},
}

@article {pmid38571894,
year = {2024},
author = {Maiti, S and Nayak, S and Hebbar, KD and Pendem, S},
title = {Differentiation of invasive ductal and lobular carcinoma of the breast using MRI radiomic features: a pilot study.},
journal = {F1000Research},
volume = {13},
number = {},
pages = {91},
pmid = {38571894},
issn = {2046-1402},
mesh = {Female ; Humans ; *Carcinoma, Lobular/diagnostic imaging/pathology ; Pilot Projects ; Retrospective Studies ; Radiomics ; *Breast Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging/pathology ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Breast cancer (BC) is one of the main causes of cancer-related mortality among women. For clinical management to help patients survive longer and spend less time on treatment, early and precise cancer identification and differentiation of breast lesions are crucial. To investigate the accuracy of radiomic features (RF) extracted from dynamic contrast-enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging (DCE MRI) for differentiating invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) from invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC).

METHODS: This is a retrospective study. The IDC of 30 and ILC of 28 patients from Dukes breast cancer MRI data set of The Cancer Imaging Archive (TCIA), were included. The RF categories such as shape based, Gray level dependence matrix (GLDM), Gray level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM), First order, Gray level run length matrix (GLRLM), Gray level size zone matrix (GLSZM), NGTDM (Neighbouring gray tone difference matrix) were extracted from the DCE-MRI sequence using a 3D slicer. The maximum relevance and minimum redundancy (mRMR) was applied using Google Colab for identifying the top fifteen relevant radiomic features. The Mann-Whitney U test was performed to identify significant RF for differentiating IDC and ILC. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to ascertain the accuracy of RF in distinguishing between IDC and ILC.

RESULTS: Ten DCE MRI-based RFs used in our study showed a significant difference (p <0.001) between IDC and ILC. We noticed that DCE RF, such as Gray level run length matrix (GLRLM) gray level variance (sensitivity (SN) 97.21%, specificity (SP) 96.2%, area under curve (AUC) 0.998), Gray level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) difference average (SN 95.72%, SP 96.34%, AUC 0.983), GLCM interquartile range (SN 95.24%, SP 97.31%, AUC 0.968), had the strongest ability to differentiate IDC and ILC.

CONCLUSIONS: MRI-based RF derived from DCE sequences can be used in clinical settings to differentiate malignant lesions of the breast, such as IDC and ILC, without requiring intrusive procedures.},
}

Female
Humans
*Carcinoma, Lobular/diagnostic imaging/pathology
Pilot Projects
Retrospective Studies
Radiomics
*Breast Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging/pathology
Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods

@article {pmid38553788,
year = {2024},
author = {Dreindl, R and Bolsa-Ferruz, M and Fayos-Sola, R and Padilla Cabal, F and Scheuchenpflug, L and Elia, A and Amico, A and Carlino, A and Stock, M and Grevillot, L},
title = {Commissioning and clinical implementation of an independent dose calculation system for scanned proton beams.},
journal = {Journal of applied clinical medical physics},
volume = {25},
number = {5},
pages = {e14328},
pmid = {38553788},
issn = {1526-9914},
mesh = {Humans ; *Proton Therapy/methods ; *Radiotherapy Dosage ; *Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted/methods ; *Software ; *Organs at Risk/radiation effects ; Quality Assurance, Health Care/standards ; Phantoms, Imaging ; Radiotherapy, Intensity-Modulated/methods ; Calibration ; Neoplasms/radiotherapy ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed/methods ; Algorithms ; },
abstract = {PURPOSE: Experimental patient-specific QA (PSQA) is a time and resource-intensive process, with a poor sensitivity in detecting errors. Radiation therapy facilities aim to substitute it by means of independent dose calculation (IDC) in combination with a comprehensive beam delivery QA program. This paper reports on the commissioning of the IDC software tool myQA iON (IBA Dosimetry) for proton therapy and its clinical implementation at the MedAustron Ion Therapy Center.

METHODS: The IDC commissioning work included the validation of the beam model, the implementation and validation of clinical CT protocols, and the evaluation of patient treatment data. Dose difference maps, gamma index distributions, and pass rates (GPR) have been reviewed. The performance of the IDC tool has been assessed and clinical workflows, simulation settings, and GPR tolerances have been defined.

RESULTS: Beam model validation showed agreement of ranges within ± 0.2 mm, Bragg-Peak widths within ± 0.1 mm, and spot sizes at various air gaps within ± 5% compared to physical measurements. Simulated dose in 2D reference fields deviated by -0.3% ± 0.5%, while 3D dose distributions differed by 1.8% on average to measurements. Validation of the CT calibration resulted in systematic differences of 2.0% between IDC and experimental data for tissue like samples. GPRs of 99.4 ± 0.6% were found for head, head and neck, and pediatric CT protocols on a 2%/2 mm gamma criterion. GPRs for the adult abdomen protocol were at 98.9% on average with 3%/3 mm. Root causes of GPR outliers, for example, implants were identified and evaluated.

CONCLUSION: IDC has been successfully commissioned and integrated into the MedAustron clinical workflow for protons in 2021. IDC has been stepwise and safely substituting experimental PSQA since February 2021. The initial reduction of proton experimental PSQA was about 25% and reached up to 90% after 1 year.},
}

Humans
*Proton Therapy/methods
*Radiotherapy Dosage
*Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted/methods
*Software
*Organs at Risk/radiation effects
Quality Assurance, Health Care/standards
Phantoms, Imaging
Radiotherapy, Intensity-Modulated/methods
Calibration
Neoplasms/radiotherapy
Tomography, X-Ray Computed/methods
Algorithms

@article {pmid38539179,
year = {2024},
author = {Esmat, E and Haidary, AM and Saadaat, R and Rizvi, SN and Aleena, S and Haidari, M and Hofiani, SMS and Hussaini, N and Hakimi, A and Khairy, A and Abdul-Ghafar, J},
title = {Association of hormone receptors and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2/neu expressions with clinicopathologic factors of breast carcinoma: a cross-sectional study in a tertiary care hospital, Kabul, Afghanistan.},
journal = {BMC cancer},
volume = {24},
number = {1},
pages = {388},
pmid = {38539179},
issn = {1471-2407},
mesh = {Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Afghanistan/epidemiology ; Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism ; *Breast Neoplasms/epidemiology/genetics/metabolism ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Hormones ; *Receptor, ErbB-2/metabolism ; Receptors, Progesterone/metabolism ; Tertiary Care Centers ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Breast cancer (BC) is one of the major causes of death worldwide. It is the most common cause of death before the age of 70 years. The incidence and mortality of BC are rapidly increasing, posing great challenges to the health system and economy of every nation.

METHODOLOGY: A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted at the Department of Pathology and Clinical Laboratory of the French Medical Institute for Mothers and Children (FMIC) to demonstrate the association of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (Her2/Neu) and estrogen receptor (ER)/ progesterone receptor (PR) with clinical as well as pathological parameters among women with BC. A consecutive nonprobability sampling method was used for this study over a span of one and a half years.

RESULTS: One hundred twenty participants diagnosed with breast cancer were included in the study. The mean age at diagnosis was 44.58 ± 11.16 years. Out of the total patients, 68 (56.7%) were above 40 years old, 108 (90%) were married, 94 (78.3%) were multiparous, and 88 (73.3%) had a history of breastfeeding. 33.3% of cases were within the age range of menopause (40-50 years). The positive expression rates of ER, PR, and Her2/neu were found to be 48.8%, 44.6%, and 44.6%, respectively, and Her2/neu overexpression was found to be higher among ER/PR-negative cases.

CONCLUSION: In our study, we demonstrated that among Afghan women, grade II invasive ductal carcinoma, not otherwise specified, was the most common type of BC and frequently affected women above the age of 40. We also revealed that the percentage of negative ER (50.4%), negative PR (54.4%), and concordant ER/PR-negative cases were high compared to other possibilities. Additionally, the study revealed that expression of Her2/neu was in contrast with the expression of ER and PR receptors. The findings of our study still support the importance of performing immunohistochemical stains for hormonal receptor classification in terms of better clinical outcomes and prognosis.},
}

Adult
Aged
Female
Humans
Middle Aged
Afghanistan/epidemiology
Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
*Breast Neoplasms/epidemiology/genetics/metabolism
Cross-Sectional Studies
Hormones
*Receptor, ErbB-2/metabolism
Receptors, Progesterone/metabolism
Tertiary Care Centers

@article {pmid38525191,
year = {2024},
author = {Lopez-Vazquez, P and Fernandez-Caggiano, M and Barge-Caballero, E and Barge-Caballero, G and Couto-Mallon, D and Grille-Cancela, Z and Blanco-Canosa, P and Paniagua-Martin, MJ and Enriquez-Vazquez, D and Vazquez-Rodriguez, JM and Domenech, N and Crespo-Leiro, MG},
title = {Reduced mitochondrial pyruvate carrier expression in hearts with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction patients: ischemic vs. non-ischemic origin.},
journal = {Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine},
volume = {11},
number = {},
pages = {1349417},
pmid = {38525191},
issn = {2297-055X},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (MPC) mediates the entry of pyruvate into mitochondria, determining whether pyruvate is incorporated into the Krebs cycle or metabolized in the cytosol. In heart failure (HF), a large amount of pyruvate is metabolized to lactate in the cytosol rather than being oxidized inside the mitochondria. Thus, MPC activity or expression might play a key role in the fate of pyruvate during HF. The purpose of this work was to study the levels of the two subunits of this carrier, named MPC1 and MPC2, in human hearts with HF of different etiologies.

METHODS: Protein and mRNA expression analyses were conducted in cardiac tissues from three donor groups: patients with HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) with ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICM) or idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (IDC), and donors without cardiac pathology (Control). MPC2 plasma levels were determined by ELISA.

RESULTS: Significant reductions in the levels of MPC1, MPC2, and Sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) were observed in ICM patients compared with the levels in the Control group. However, no statistically significant differences were revealed in the analysis of MPC1 and MPC2 gene expression among the groups. Interestingly, Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDH) subunits expression were increased in the ICM patients. In the case of IDC patients, a significant decrease in MPC1 was observed only when compared with the Control group. Notably, plasma MPC2 levels were found to be elevated in both disease groups compared with that in the Control group.

CONCLUSION: Decreases in MPC1 and/or MPC2 levels were detected in the cardiac tissues of HFrEF patients, with ischemic or idiopatic origen, indicating a potential reduction in mitochondrial pyruvate uptake in the heart, which could be linked to unfavorable clinical features.},
}

@article {pmid38523415,
year = {2024},
author = {Seth, A and Slama, EM},
title = {Delayed Diagnosis of Inflammatory Breast Cancer Presenting as Acute Mastitis in a Patient One Month Postpartum.},
journal = {The American surgeon},
volume = {90},
number = {7},
pages = {1925-1927},
doi = {10.1177/00031348241241736},
pmid = {38523415},
issn = {1555-9823},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; Adult ; *Mastitis/diagnosis/etiology ; *Inflammatory Breast Neoplasms/diagnosis ; *Delayed Diagnosis ; *Postpartum Period ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Acute Disease ; },
abstract = {Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is a rare yet aggressive form of invasive ductal carcinoma, with a poor prognosis and decreased 5-year survival rates. Characteristic findings for IBC include rapid onset of breast edema, peau d'orange appearance, and involvement of the breast skin. Additionally, diagnosis is confirmed with a skin punch biopsy. With such nonspecific features, IBC can be mistaken for benign etiologies, causing delays in diagnosis and treatment. This patient is a 44-year-old woman presenting with left breast swelling while concurrently breastfeeding. Following antibiotic treatment but no symptom resolution, the patient was referred out for further follow-up. Despite multiple imaging studies, suggesting benign findings, clinical suspicion prompted continued evaluation and finally diagnosis of triple-negative inflammatory breast cancer with distant metastases. Further awareness of the presentation of IBC and its mimicking of other disease processes such as mastitis is paramount to earlier detection and improved outcomes in future patients.},
}

Humans
Female
Adult
*Mastitis/diagnosis/etiology
*Inflammatory Breast Neoplasms/diagnosis
*Delayed Diagnosis
*Postpartum Period
Diagnosis, Differential
Acute Disease

@article {pmid38523303,
year = {2024},
author = {Yanase, Y and Bando, H and Sato, R and Matsuo, T and Ueda, A and Okazaki, M and Hashimoto, S and Iguchi-Manaka, A and Hara, H},
title = {Recurrent severe hypocalcemia following chemotherapy regimen changes in advanced breast cancer: two case reports.},
journal = {Journal of medical case reports},
volume = {18},
number = {1},
pages = {150},
pmid = {38523303},
issn = {1752-1947},
mesh = {Female ; Humans ; Adult ; Aged ; *Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy/pathology ; *Hypocalcemia/chemically induced ; Lapatinib/adverse effects ; Denosumab/adverse effects ; Calcium/therapeutic use ; *Bone Neoplasms/secondary ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: As an oncologic emergency related to abnormalities in calcium metabolism, hypercalcemia associated with paraneoplastic syndrome and bone metastases is well known. Meanwhile, the incidence of hypocalcemia is low, except in cases associated with bone-modifying agents used for bone metastases. Hypocalcemia induced by bone-modifying agents typically occurs early after the initial administration, and its incidence can be significantly reduced by preventive administration of calcium and vitamin D3 supplements.

CASE REPORT: We report two cases of recurrent severe hypocalcemia occurring during chemotherapy for metastatic breast cancer with multiple bone metastases. Case 1: A 35-year-old Japanese woman developed metastases in the bone, liver, and ovaries during postoperative endocrine therapy for invasive lobular carcinoma of the breast. She underwent chemotherapy and treatment with denosumab. She experienced recurrent episodes of severe hypocalcemia subsequent to a change in the chemotherapy regimen. Case 2: A 65-year-old Japanese woman encountered multiple bone metastases after postoperative anti-human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 therapy and during endocrine therapy for invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast. She underwent anti-human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 therapy and treatment with denosumab. She experienced recurrent severe hypocalcemia subsequent to a change in the chemotherapy regimen to letrozole + lapatinib, trastuzumab emtansine, and lapatinib + capecitabine.

CONCLUSIONS: We observed two cases of recurrent severe hypocalcemia in patients with advanced breast cancer and bone metastases after modifications to their therapy regimens. These cases differed from the typical hypocalcemia induced by bone-modifying agents. It is possible that antitumor drugs affect calcium and bone metabolism associated with bone metastases. While these cases are rare, it is crucial for oncologists to be aware of hypocalcemia not only at the initiation of bone-modifying agents but also throughout the entire antitumor therapy, as hypocalcemia can lead to fatal outcomes.},
}

Female
Humans
Adult
Aged
*Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy/pathology
*Hypocalcemia/chemically induced
Lapatinib/adverse effects
Denosumab/adverse effects
Calcium/therapeutic use
*Bone Neoplasms/secondary

@article {pmid38485913,
year = {2024},
author = {Heidari, N and Abbasi-Kenarsari, H and Niknam, B and Asadirad, A and Amani, D and Mirsanei, Z and Hashemi, SM},
title = {Exosomes Derived from Heat-shocked Tumor Cells Promote In vitro Maturation of Bone Marrow-derived Dendritic Cells.},
journal = {Iranian journal of allergy, asthma, and immunology},
volume = {23},
number = {1},
pages = {97-106},
doi = {10.18502/ijaai.v23i1.14957},
pmid = {38485913},
issn = {1735-5249},
mesh = {*Exosomes ; Dendritic Cells ; Bone Marrow ; T-Lymphocytes ; Coculture Techniques ; Cell Differentiation ; },
abstract = {Dendritic cells (DCs), professional antigen-presenting cells that process and deliver antigens using MHC II/I molecules, can be enhanced in numerous ways. Exosomes derived from heat-shocked tumor cells (HS-TEXs) contain high amounts of heat-shock proteins (HSPs). HSPs, as chaperons, can induce DC maturation. This study aimed to investigate whether HS-TEXs can promote DC maturation. To generate DC, bone marrow-derived cells were treated with Interleukin-4 and GM-CSF. Exosomes were isolated from heat-treated CT-26 cells. The expression level of HSP in exosomes was checked by western blot and the increase in the expression of this protein was observed. Then, HS-TEXs were co-cultured with iDCs to determine DC maturity, and then DCs were co-cultured with lymphocytes to determine DC activity. Our results showed that DCs treated with HS-TEXs express high levels of molecules involved in DC maturation and function including MHCII, CD40, CD83, and CD86. HS-TEXs caused phenotypic and functional maturation of DCs. In addition, flow cytometric results reflected a higher proliferative response of lymphocytes in the iDC / Tex + HSP group. HS-TEXs could be used as a strategy to improve DC maturation and activation.},
}

*Exosomes
Dendritic Cells
Bone Marrow
T-Lymphocytes
Coculture Techniques
Cell Differentiation

@article {pmid38485644,
year = {2024},
author = {Shi, Y and Wang, H and Golijanin, B and Amin, A and Lee, J and Sikov, M and Hyams, E and Pareek, G and Carneiro, BA and Mega, AE and Lagos, GG and Wang, L and Wang, Z and Cheng, L},
title = {Ductal, intraductal, and cribriform carcinoma of the prostate: Molecular characteristics and clinical management.},
journal = {Urologic oncology},
volume = {42},
number = {5},
pages = {144-154},
doi = {10.1016/j.urolonc.2024.01.037},
pmid = {38485644},
issn = {1873-2496},
mesh = {Male ; Humans ; Prostate/pathology ; *Adenocarcinoma/pathology ; *Prostatic Neoplasms/genetics/therapy/pathology ; Cell Proliferation ; },
abstract = {Prostatic acinar adenocarcinoma accounts for approximately 95% of prostate cancer (CaP) cases. The remaining 5% of histologic subtypes of CaP are known to be more aggressive and have recently garnered substantial attention. These histologic subtypes - namely, prostatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA), intraductal carcinoma of the prostate (IDC-P), and cribriform carcinoma of the prostate (CC-P) - typically exhibit distinct growth characteristics, genomic features, and unique oncologic outcomes. For example, PTEN mutations, which cause uncontrolled cell growth, are frequently present in IDC-P and CC-P. Germline mutations in homologous DNA recombination repair (HRR) genes (e.g., BRCA1, BRCA2, ATM, PALB2, and CHEK2) are discovered in 40% of patients with IDC-P, while only 9% of patients without ductal involvement had a germline mutation. CC-P is associated with deletions in common tumor suppressor genes, including PTEN, TP53, NKX3-1, MAP3K7, RB1, and CHD1. Evidence suggests abiraterone may be superior to docetaxel as a first-line treatment for patients with IDC-P. To address these and other critical pathological attributes, this review examines the molecular pathology, genetics, treatments, and oncologic outcomes associated with CC-P, PDA, and IDC-P with the objective of creating a comprehensive resource with a centralized repository of information on PDA, IDC-P, and CC-P.},
}

Male
Humans
Prostate/pathology
*Adenocarcinoma/pathology
*Prostatic Neoplasms/genetics/therapy/pathology
Cell Proliferation

@article {pmid38471320,
year = {2024},
author = {Niu, Q and Li, H and Du, L and Wang, R and Lin, J and Chen, A and Jia, C and Jin, L and Li, F},
title = {Development of a Multi-Parametric ultrasonography nomogram for prediction of invasiveness in ductal carcinoma in situ.},
journal = {European journal of radiology},
volume = {175},
number = {},
pages = {111415},
doi = {10.1016/j.ejrad.2024.111415},
pmid = {38471320},
issn = {1872-7727},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; Middle Aged ; *Breast Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging/pathology ; *Nomograms ; *Neoplasm Invasiveness/diagnostic imaging ; *Ultrasonography, Mammary/methods ; *Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/diagnostic imaging/pathology ; Aged ; *Elasticity Imaging Techniques/methods ; Adult ; Prospective Studies ; Contrast Media ; Risk Factors ; Predictive Value of Tests ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Risk Assessment ; },
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To investigate the independent risk variables associated with the potential invasiveness of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) on multi-parametric ultrasonography, and further construct a nomogram for risk assessment.

METHODS: Consecutive patients from January 2017 to December 2022 who were suspected of having ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) based on magnetic resonance imaging or mammography were prospectively enrolled. Histopathological findings after surgical resection served as the gold standard. Grayscale ultrasound, Doppler ultrasound, shear wave elastography (SWE), and contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) examinations were preoperative performed. Binary logistic regression was used for multifactorial analysis to identify independent risk factors from multi-parametric ultrasonography. The correlation between independent risk factors and pathological prognostic markers was analyzed. The predictive efficacy of DCIS associated with invasiveness was assessed by logistic analysis, and a nomogram was established.

RESULTS: A total of 250 DCIS lesions were enrolled from 249 patients, comprising 85 pure DCIS and 165 DCIS with invasion (DCIS-IDC), of which 41 exhibited micro-invasion. The multivariate analysis identified independent risk factors for DCIS with invasion on multi-parametric ultrasonography, including image size (>2cm), Doppler ultrasound RI (≥0.72), SWE's Emax (≥66.4 kPa), hyper-enhancement, centripetal enhancement, increased surrounding vessel, and no contrast agent retention on CEUS. These factors correlated with histological grade, Ki-67, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) (P < 0.1). The multi-parametric ultrasound approach demonstrated good predictive performance (sensitivity 89.7 %, specificity 73.8 %, AUC 0.903), surpassing single US modality or combinations with SWE or CEUS modalities. Utilizing these factors, a predictive nomogram achieved a respectable performance (AUC of 0.889) for predicting DCIS with invasion. Additionally, a separate nomogram for predicting DCIS with micro-invasion, incorporating independent risk factors such as RI (≥0.72), SWE's Emax (≥65.2 kPa), and centripetal enhancement, demonstrated an AUC of 0.867.

CONCLUSION: Multi-parametric ultrasonography demonstrates good discriminatory ability in predicting both DCIS with invasion and micro-invasion through the analysis of lesion morphology, stiffness, neovascular architecture, and perfusion. The use of a nomogram based on ultrasonographic images offers an intuitive and effective method for assessing the risk of invasion in DCIS. Although the nomogram is not currently considered a clinically applicable diagnostic tool due to its AUC being below the threshold of 0.9, further research and development are anticipated to yield positive outcomes and enhance its viability for clinical utilization.},
}

Humans
Female
Middle Aged
*Breast Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging/pathology
*Nomograms
*Neoplasm Invasiveness/diagnostic imaging
*Ultrasonography, Mammary/methods
*Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/diagnostic imaging/pathology
Aged
*Elasticity Imaging Techniques/methods
Adult
Prospective Studies
Contrast Media
Risk Factors
Predictive Value of Tests
Sensitivity and Specificity
Risk Assessment

@article {pmid38461375,
year = {2024},
author = {Turhan, Ş and Sultan, DAO and Altuner, EM and Kurnaz, A and Bakır, TK and Altamemi, RAA},
title = {Determination of radon concentrations and physicochemical parameters of non-alcoholic carbonated beverages consumed in Türkiye and assessment of radiological health risk.},
journal = {International journal of environmental health research},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-11},
doi = {10.1080/09603123.2024.2327530},
pmid = {38461375},
issn = {1369-1619},
abstract = {The strategy for controlling the existence of radionuclides in drinking water depends upon an individual dose criterion (IDC) of 0.1 mSv/y, which represents a very low level of risk that is not expected to cause any identified adverse health effects. Radon gas, considered a carcinogenic radionuclide, can dissolve and accumulate in drinking water. Non-alcoholic carbonated beverages (NACBs), which mainly contain drinking water, phosphoric acid, citric acid, caffeine, and sugar, represent one of the most consumed groups worldwide and in Türkiye. In this study, the radon activity concentration and some physicochemical characteristics of 45 NACB samples from 24 most preferred commercial brands in Türkiye were determined to assess the radiological health risk associated with the ingestion of these samples. Radon activity concentrations measured in NACB samples using the AlphaGUARD radon analyzer ranged from 22.8 ± 0.7 to 54.9 ± 1.7 mBq/L. The pH, conductivity, total dissolved solids, and brix values in NACB samples ranged from 2.31 to 7.29, 401 to 3281 μSv/cm, 355 to 2453 mg/L, and 0.10 to 12.95%, respectively. Total (ingestion and inhalation) annual effective doses and the corresponding excess lifetime cancer risks estimated for adults to assess the radiological health risk are significantly below the IDC and advised safety limit (10[-3]), respectively.},
}

@article {pmid38432595,
year = {2024},
author = {Chuang, ML},
title = {Analyzing key elements of breathing patterns, deriving remaining variables, and identifying cutoff values in individuals with chronic respiratory disease and healthy subjects.},
journal = {Respiratory physiology & neurobiology},
volume = {324},
number = {},
pages = {104242},
doi = {10.1016/j.resp.2024.104242},
pmid = {38432595},
issn = {1878-1519},
mesh = {Humans ; Healthy Volunteers ; Respiration ; Exhalation ; *Respiration Disorders ; *Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive ; *Lung Diseases, Interstitial ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Pulmonary physiology encompasses intricate breathing patterns (BPs), characterized by breathing frequency (Bf), volumes, and flows. The complexities intensify in the presence of interstitial lung disease (ILD) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), especially during exercise. This study seeks to identify pivotal factors driving changes among these variables and establish cutoff values, comparing their efficacy in differentiating BPs to traditional methods, specifically a breathing reserve (BR) of 30% and a Bf of 50 bpm.

METHODS: Screening 267 subjects revealed 23 with ILD, 126 with COPD, 33 healthy individuals, and the exclusion of 85 subjects. Lung function tests and ramp-pattern cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) were conducted, identifying crucial BP elements. Changes were compared between groups at peak exercise. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) analysis determined cutoff values.

RESULTS: Inspiratory time (TI) remained constant at peak exercise for all subjects (two-group comparisons, all p=NS). Given known differences in expiratory time (TE) and tidal volume (VT) among ILD, COPD, and healthy states, constant TI could infer patterns for Bf, total breathing cycle time (TTOT=60/Bf), I:E ratio, inspiratory duty cycle (IDC, TI/TTOT), rapid shallow breathing index (Bf/VT), tidal inspiratory and expiratory flows (VT/TI and VT/TE), and minute ventilation (V̇E=Bf×VT) across conditions. These inferences aligned with measurements, with potential type II errors causing inconsistencies. RSBI of 23 bpm/L and VT/TI of 104 L/min may differentiate ILD from control, while V̇E of 54 L/min, BR of 30%, and VT/TE of 108 may differentiate COPD from control. BR of 21%, TE of 0.99 s, and IDC of .45 may differentiate ILD from COPD. The algorithm outperformed traditional methods (AUC 0.84-0.91 versus 0.59-0.90).

CONCLUSION: The quasi-fixed TI, in conjunction with TE and VT, proves effective in inferring time-related variables of BPs. The findings have the potential to significantly enhance medical education in interpreting cardiopulmonary exercise testing. Moreover, the study introduces a novel algorithm for distinguishing BPs among individuals with ILD, COPD, and those who are healthy.},
}

Humans
Healthy Volunteers
Respiration
Exhalation
*Respiration Disorders
*Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive
*Lung Diseases, Interstitial

@article {pmid38416170,
year = {2024},
author = {Maggi, G and Loayza, F and Vitale, C and Santangelo, G and Obeso, I},
title = {Anatomical correlates of apathy and impulsivity co-occurrence in early Parkinson's disease.},
journal = {Journal of neurology},
volume = {271},
number = {5},
pages = {2798-2809},
pmid = {38416170},
issn = {1432-1459},
mesh = {Humans ; *Parkinson Disease/complications/pathology/diagnostic imaging/physiopathology ; *Apathy/physiology ; Male ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Aged ; *Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; *Gray Matter/diagnostic imaging/pathology ; *Disruptive, Impulse Control, and Conduct Disorders/etiology/physiopathology/diagnostic imaging/pathology ; Longitudinal Studies ; Impulsive Behavior/physiology ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Although apathy and impulse control disorders (ICDs) are considered to represent opposite extremes of a continuum of motivated behavior (i.e., hypo- and hyperdopaminergic behaviors), they may also co-occur in Parkinson's disease (PD).

OBJECTIVES: We aimed to explore the co-occurrence of ICDs and apathy and its neural correlates analyzing gray matter (GM) changes in early untreated PD patients. Moreover, we aimed to investigate the possible longitudinal relationship between ICDs and apathy and their putative impact on cognition during the first five years of PD.

METHODS: We used the Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative (PPMI) database to identify the co-occurrence of apathy and ICDs in 423 early drug-naïve PD patients at baseline and at 5-year follow-up. Baseline MRI volumes and gray matter changes were analyzed between groups using voxel-based morphometry. Multi-level models assessed the longitudinal relationship (across five years) between apathy and ICDs and cognitive functioning.

RESULTS: At baseline, co-occurrence of apathy and ICDs was observed in 23 patients (5.4%). This finding was related to anatomical GM reduction along the cortical regions involved in the limbic circuit and cognitive control systems. Longitudinal analyses indicated that apathy and ICDs were related to each other as well as to the combined use of levodopa and dopamine agonists. Worse apathetic and ICDs states were associated with poorer executive functions.

CONCLUSIONS: Apathy and ICDs are joint non-exclusive neuropsychiatric disorders also in the early stages of PD and their co-occurrence was associated with GM decrease in several cortical regions of the limbic circuit and cognitive control systems.},
}

Humans
*Parkinson Disease/complications/pathology/diagnostic imaging/physiopathology
*Apathy/physiology
Male
Female
Middle Aged
Aged
*Magnetic Resonance Imaging
*Gray Matter/diagnostic imaging/pathology
*Disruptive, Impulse Control, and Conduct Disorders/etiology/physiopathology/diagnostic imaging/pathology
Longitudinal Studies
Impulsive Behavior/physiology

@article {pmid38406950,
year = {2023},
author = {Asad, S and Khan, SA and Khan, FA and Jalal-Ud-Din, M and Bhatti, G and Kamran, H},
title = {Pattern Of Breast Cancer: Experience At Ayub Teaching Hospital, Abbottabad.},
journal = {Journal of Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad : JAMC},
volume = {35},
number = {4},
pages = {629-632},
doi = {10.55519/JAMC-04-12089},
pmid = {38406950},
issn = {1819-2718},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; *Breast Neoplasms/pathology ; Lymph Nodes/pathology ; Hospitals, Teaching ; Biopsy ; Axilla/pathology ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Breast cancer is the most common malignancy found in females all over the world and the second leading cause of cancer death in European countries. The purpose of this study was to find out the pattern of disease presentation in our region where a proper tumour registry system is lacking.

METHODS: This descriptive study was carried out in the Department of Surgery, Ayub Teaching Hospital Abbottabad, from July 2021 to June 2022. All female patients with biopsy-proven breast cancer were included in the study: benign lumps, refused to enrol, and those who were lost to follow-up were excluded.

RESULTS: A total of 87 patients with carcinoma breast were included: 92 % (n=80) had invasive ductal carcinoma. Axillary lymph nodes were involved in 88.5% (n=77), 75.8% of the tumours, (n=66), were Grade 2, 34.5% (n=30) were in the 40-49 years age group, and 30 % (n=27) of the disease was categorized as Stage III or IV. In 55 % (n=48), the tumour was on the right side and in 39% (n=34), the upper outer quadrant was involved. Most of the patients, 90.8% (n=79), were married and had used contraceptive measures. Only 19.5% of patients (n=17), had a history of nipple discharge and 56% (n=49) had a positive family history: 71% (n=62) had nipple retraction, and 54% (n=47), proved to be ER PR positive.

CONCLUSIONS: Our patients presented late: axilla was commonly involved and a third had advanced disease. Screening and community awareness programs may help in early detection. Hormone use for contraception needs to be weighed carefully. Better data collection may help in designing screening and care programs.},
}

Humans
Female
*Breast Neoplasms/pathology
Lymph Nodes/pathology
Hospitals, Teaching
Biopsy
Axilla/pathology

@article {pmid38406898,
year = {2023},
author = {, and Haider, G and Shaikh, Z and Memon, P and Shahid, A and Rahul, R and Kumar, P and Beg, S and Parkash, J},
title = {Significance of ca15-3 in carcinoma of the breast with Visceral metastases.},
journal = {Journal of Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad : JAMC},
volume = {35(Suppl 1)},
number = {4},
pages = {S710-S714},
pmid = {38406898},
issn = {1819-2718},
mesh = {Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Mucin-1 ; Biomarkers, Tumor ; *Breast Neoplasms/diagnosis ; *Carcinoma ; Prognosis ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The most common malignancy and second most common cause of death is breast cancer among women. About 2.09 million fatalities from breast cancer happened in 2018. The objective was to evaluate the elevated CA15-3 in breast cancer patients with visceral metastases presenting at the tertiary care hospital of Karachi.

METHODS: It was a cross-sectional study conducted at the Department of Oncology of Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Center from 15th December 2018 to 15th November 2019. Female patients aged 26-80 years diagnosed with visceral metastatic (defined as metastasis to lung, liver, brain and adrenal glands) breast cancer were included in the study. The diagnosis of breast cancer was confirmed on histopathology whereas the metastatic sites were evaluated using physical examination and imaging. The serum CA15-3 concentration was assessed using assay kits. The serum CA15-3 level of 0-32 U/ml was taken as normal range for all the patients whereas CA15-3 level greater than 32 U/L was considered as elevated CA15-3. SPSS version 23 was used to enter and analyze data.

RESULTS: A total of 139 females were included in the study. The mean age & BMI of the patients were reported as 46.5 years & 26.69 kg/m2. In the majority of the patients' metastases were detected in the liver (n=54), 92 in the lungs+ parenchymal disease, 20 in adrenal glands, 12 in pleural effusion and 10 in the brain. Out of 139 patients with visceral metastases, 52(37.4%) had normal CA15-3 level whereas 87 (62.6%) had elevated serum CA15-3 levels (>32 U/L).

CONCLUSION: The serum CA15-3 tumour marker is elevated significantly in visceral metastases and can be used as a prognostic marker in metastatic breast cancer patients.},
}

Female
Humans
Middle Aged
Cross-Sectional Studies
Mucin-1
Biomarkers, Tumor
*Breast Neoplasms/diagnosis
*Carcinoma
Prognosis

@article {pmid38399000,
year = {2024},
author = {Khan, MRR},
title = {Development of a Battery-Free, Chipless, and Highly Sensitive Radio Frequency Glucose Biosensor.},
journal = {Micromachines},
volume = {15},
number = {2},
pages = {},
pmid = {38399000},
issn = {2072-666X},
abstract = {In our study, we designed and developed a glucose biosensor that operates without a battery or chip. This biosensor utilizes the principles of radio frequency (RF) to operate. For the construction of a glucose-sensitive interdigitated capacitor (IDC), a famous glucose-sensitive substance called phenylboronic acid (PBA) is combined with a polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and n,n-dimethylacetamide (DMAC) solution. According to the theory of radio frequency sensing, the resonance frequency shifts whenever there is a change in the capacitance of the glucose-sensitive IDC. This change is caused by the fluctuations in glucose concentrations. As far as we are aware, this is the first glucose sensor that employs the RF principle to detect changes in glucose solution concentrations using PBA as the principal glucose-sensitive material. The sensor can detect glucose levels with remarkable sensitivity, around 40.89 kHz/decade, and a broad dynamic range covering 10 μM to 1 M. Additionally, the designed biosensor has excellent linearity performance, with a value of around 0.988. The proposed glucose biosensor has several benefits: lightweight, inexpensive, easy to build, and an acceptable selectivity response. Our study concludes by comparing the proposed RF sensor's effectiveness to that of existing glucose sensors, which it outperforms.},
}

@article {pmid38396137,
year = {2024},
author = {Matsumoto, T and Tanaka, G and Mori, S and Niki, M and Sato, S and Shiraki, T and Iso, Y and Nagashima, K and Irisawa, A and Nozawa, Y and Takada-Owada, A and Ishida, K and Aoki, T},
title = {A resected case of pancreatic head cancer developing 40 years after lateral pancreaticojejunostomy for chronic pancreatitis.},
journal = {Clinical journal of gastroenterology},
volume = {17},
number = {3},
pages = {537-542},
pmid = {38396137},
issn = {1865-7265},
mesh = {Humans ; Male ; *Pancreaticojejunostomy ; Aged ; *Pancreatic Neoplasms/surgery ; *Pancreatitis, Chronic/surgery/complications/etiology ; Pancreaticoduodenectomy/adverse effects ; Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/surgery ; Postoperative Complications/etiology ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; },
abstract = {A 72-year-old male patient presented to our department complaining of with upper abdominal pain and jaundice. He had a history of a side-to-side pancreaticojejunostomy performed 40 years previously for chronic pancreatitis. A diagnostic workup revealed a tumor 3 cm in size in the pancreatic head as the etiology of the jaundice. Subsequently, the patient was diagnosed with resectable pancreatic cancer. Following two cycles of neoadjuvant chemotherapy, an extended pancreatoduodenectomy was performed because of tumor invasion at the previous pancreaticojejunostomy site. Concurrent portal vein resection and reconstruction were performed. Pathological examination confirmed invasive ductal carcinoma (T2N1M0, Stage IIB). This case highlights the clinical challenges in pancreatic head carcinoma following a side-to-side pancreaticojejunostomy. Although pancreaticojejunostomy is believed to reduce the risk of pancreatic cancer in patients with chronic pancreatitis, clinicians should be aware that, even after this surgery, there is still a chance of developing pancreatic cancer during long-term follow-up.},
}

Humans
Male
*Pancreaticojejunostomy
Aged
*Pancreatic Neoplasms/surgery
*Pancreatitis, Chronic/surgery/complications/etiology
Pancreaticoduodenectomy/adverse effects
Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/surgery
Postoperative Complications/etiology
Tomography, X-Ray Computed

@article {pmid38368669,
year = {2024},
author = {Gomez, D and Seneviratne, S},
title = {Invasive breast carcinoma with ipsilateral axillary squamous carcinoma of unknown primary: A case report.},
journal = {International journal of surgery case reports},
volume = {116},
number = {},
pages = {109397},
pmid = {38368669},
issn = {2210-2612},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION & IMPORTANCE: Invasive ductal carcinoma is the commonest primary breast carcinoma to metastasize to the axillary nodes. Squamous carcinoma (SCC) of the breast is seen rarely as a primary breast malignancy. Breast SCC with coexistent invasive ductal/lobular carcinoma as a 'collision tumour' is rare.

CASE PRESENTATION: A 52-year-old Sri Lankan female presented with a right sided breast lump and ipsilateral cystic axillary mass. She was diagnosed with locally advanced invasive breast carcinoma and underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by mastectomy and axillary clearance where tumour infiltration of the brachial plexus was observed. Histology revealed two separate carcinomas; an invasive carcinoma of the breast and squamous carcinoma in the axilla. A squamous primary was not found despite evaluation. The patient developed recurrent axillary ulceration due to residual tumour and was transferred for oncological care.

CLINICAL DISCUSSION: This patient had a biopsy-proven invasive breast carcinoma with a cystic axillary mass with lymphadenopathy. This was concluded as locally advanced breast cancer. Pathological examination of the specimen indicated the presence of two separate malignancies of the breast and axilla. No evidence of squamous metaplasia or carcinoma of the breast was seen on histology, neither was a squamous primary identified on imaging or endoscopy. Neoadjuvant therapy may have caused resolution of the squamous component.

CONCLUSION: The presence of two separate cancers of varied histology in the breast and ipsilateral axilla in close proximity to each other is a rare phenomenon. Clinicians must be cautious not to misinterpret it as evidence of lymphatic spread.},
}

@article {pmid38336663,
year = {2024},
author = {Ye, C and Shi, M and Xie, D and Wu, H and Chen, Q and Yang, L},
title = {A rare case of intervertebral disc calcification combined with ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament in a child: a case report and literature review.},
journal = {BMC musculoskeletal disorders},
volume = {25},
number = {1},
pages = {118},
pmid = {38336663},
issn = {1471-2474},
support = {82372431//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 2022LJ007//Shanghai Municipal Health Commission Health Leading Talents Program/ ; 22ZR1476700//the Natural Science Foundation of the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality/ ; 201409003200//the Science and Technology Innovation Action Plan of the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality/ ; 0906//the Fifth Round Innovation Team of Shanghai Changning District, the Pyramid Talent Project of Shanghai Changzheng Hospital in 2020/ ; 2021X002//the Discipline Team Support Project of No. 905 Hospital of PLA Navy/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; Child ; Longitudinal Ligaments/diagnostic imaging ; Osteogenesis ; *Intervertebral Disc Degeneration/complications/diagnostic imaging ; *Ossification of Posterior Longitudinal Ligament/complications/diagnostic imaging/therapy ; *Calcinosis/complications/diagnostic imaging/therapy ; *Chondrocalcinosis/complications ; Cervical Vertebrae/diagnostic imaging ; *Intervertebral Disc/diagnostic imaging ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Intervertebral disc calcification (IDC) combined with calcification in children has been sporadically reported, while ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) in the cervical spine in pediatric patients is exceedingly rare. The aim of this study is to investigate the potential prognosis and outcomes associated with this condition.

CASE PRESENTATION: We present an unusual case involving a 10-year-old Chinese child diagnosed with calcified cervical disc herniation and ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament. Conservative treatment measures were implemented, and at the 1-month and 6-month follow-up, the patient's pain exhibited significant improvement. Subsequent cervical MRI and CT scans revealed the complete disappearance of OPLL and substantial absorption of the calcified disc. During the three-month follow-up, CT demonstrated slight residual disc calcification, however, the patient remained asymptomatic with no discernible limitation in cervical motion.

CONCLUSIONS: We conducted a comprehensive review of several cases presenting with the same diagnosis. It is noteworthy that IDC combined with OPLL in children constitutes a rare clinical entity. Despite imaging indications of potential spinal canal occupation, the majority of such cases demonstrate complete absorption following conservative treatment, with OPLL exhibiting a faster absorption rate than calcified discs.},
}

Humans
Child
Longitudinal Ligaments/diagnostic imaging
Osteogenesis
*Intervertebral Disc Degeneration/complications/diagnostic imaging
*Ossification of Posterior Longitudinal Ligament/complications/diagnostic imaging/therapy
*Calcinosis/complications/diagnostic imaging/therapy
*Chondrocalcinosis/complications
Cervical Vertebrae/diagnostic imaging
*Intervertebral Disc/diagnostic imaging

@article {pmid38329829,
year = {2024},
author = {Fang, L and Simman, R and Workman, L and Ayoub, S and Bratton, C},
title = {Malignant wound aetiology, diagnosis and management: a case series and literature review.},
journal = {Journal of wound care},
volume = {33},
number = {2},
pages = {102-117},
doi = {10.12968/jowc.2024.33.2.102},
pmid = {38329829},
issn = {0969-0700},
mesh = {Aged ; Humans ; *Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/diagnosis/therapy/complications ; *Melanoma/diagnosis/therapy ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; Skin/pathology ; *Skin Neoplasms/diagnosis/therapy ; },
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Malignant wounds develop when neoplastic cells invade the skin either locally or by lymphatic and haematogenous spread. They can present as hard-to-heal wounds and underlying causes include: primary skin cancer; metastasis of extracutaneous primary malignancy; malignant transformation of a hard-to-heal wound; iatrogenic injury; and cutaneous forms of cancers of non-skin origin. High clinical suspicion for a malignant wound should be confirmed with skin biopsy. The aim of this case series is to highlight a combination of both clinically clear cutaneous malignancies and not-so-obvious wounds caused by malignancy.

METHOD: This case series examines patients with malignant wounds of varying aetiology and appearance. For each case, we explain the pathophysiology, atypical features, diagnostic approach and treatment. We also discuss types of wound biopsy and general wound management principles.

RESULTS: Among the 11 cases analysed using descriptive statistics, median wound duration before presentation at our clinic was one year, while median age at presentation was 65 years. Our case series included the following diagnoses: cutaneous metastasis of invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast (n=2); cutaneous metastasis of colorectal adenocarcinoma (n=1); Marjolin's ulcer (n=1), basal cell carcinoma (BCC) (n=2), primary cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) (n=1), metastatic malignant melanoma (n=1), cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (n=1), cutaneous angiosarcoma (n=1), Kaposi sarcoma (n=1) and recurrent tonsillar SCC with osteoradionecrosis (n=1); one case had both BCC and SCC.

CONCLUSION: Punch and excisional biopsies were the most frequently used diagnostic techniques. Local wound therapy addressed bleeding, malodour, exudate, pain and infection. However, wound healing is usually achieved once the underlying malignancy is treated. In advanced or metastatic disease, palliative wound care aims to prevent exacerbation of existing wounds and focuses on patient comfort.},
}

Aged
Humans
*Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/diagnosis/therapy/complications
*Melanoma/diagnosis/therapy
Neoplasm Recurrence, Local
Skin/pathology
*Skin Neoplasms/diagnosis/therapy

@article {pmid38318566,
year = {2024},
author = {Youh, J and Yamaguchi, Y and Hiraguchi, E},
title = {Centrifugally Spreading Annular Erythema as a Dermatological Indicator of Metastatic Breast Carcinoma.},
journal = {Cureus},
volume = {16},
number = {1},
pages = {e51641},
pmid = {38318566},
issn = {2168-8184},
abstract = {Breast cancer is the leading cause of skin metastasis in women with internal malignancies. This report highlights an atypical case of cutaneous metastasis of breast cancer (CMBC) in a 66-year-old woman. Starting four months before her dermatology consultation, the patient underwent a chemotherapy regimen comprising pertuzumab, trastuzumab, and vinorelbine for right breast cancer, right axillary lymph node enlargement, and bone metastases. After commencing chemotherapy, erythematous macules appeared around her right nipple. Subsequently, the cutaneous lesions developed into annular erythematous patches around her right nipple and began to coalesce and expand to the contralateral breast. A skin biopsy revealed dysplastic cells indicative of metastasis from invasive ductal carcinoma. In addition, lymphovascular tumor cell invasion was noted in the reticular dermis. Based on these clinical progressions and histopathologic findings, a diagnosis of CMBC was made, specifically considering the possibility of inflammatory breast cancer (IBC). The patient continued the same chemotherapy regimen for 17 cycles, which improved the skin lesions, but she succumbed to breast cancer two years later. This case emphasizes the importance of considering CMBC in breast cancer patients with expanding, treatment-resistant thoracic cutaneous lesions, especially in aggressive subtypes like IBC. The diverse presentations of CMBC require thorough histopathological evaluation.},
}

@article {pmid38305220,
year = {2024},
author = {Tsilingiris, D and Schimpfle, L and Κender, Z and Sulaj, A and von Rauchhaupt, E and Herzig, S and Szendroedi, J and Kopf, S},
title = {Utility of bioelectrical phase angle for cardiovascular risk assessment among individuals with and without diabetes mellitus.},
journal = {Diabetes & vascular disease research},
volume = {21},
number = {1},
pages = {14791641231223701},
pmid = {38305220},
issn = {1752-8984},
mesh = {Adult ; Humans ; Male ; Female ; *Cardiovascular Diseases/diagnosis/etiology ; Carotid Intima-Media Thickness ; Pulse Wave Analysis ; *Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 ; Risk Factors ; Heart Disease Risk Factors ; *Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; Natriuretic Peptide, Brain ; Peptide Fragments ; Biomarkers ; },
abstract = {PURPOSE: Low values of bioimpedance-derived phase angle (PA) have been associated with various adverse outcomes. We investigated the association of PA with cardiovascular markers in individuals with and without diabetes mellitus (DM).

METHODS: PA was measured in 452 adults (without DM n = 153, T1DM n = 67, T2DM n = 232). Carotid intima-media thickness (IMT), renal resistive index (RRI), ankle-brachial index (ABI) and carotid-femoral Pulse Wave Velocity (cfPWV) were estimated. Furthermore, the levels of high-sensitive Troponin-T [hsTnT], N-terminal brain natriuretic peptide [NT-pro-BNP]) were measured.

RESULTS: PA values were lower in DM independently of age, gender, and BMI (estimated marginal means 6.21, 5.83, 5.95 for controls, T1DM, T2DM p < .05), a finding which persisted after propensity score matching. PA correlated negatively with IMT (r = -0.181), RRI (r = -0.374), cfPWV (r = -0.358), hsTnT (r = -0.238) and NT-pro-BNP (r = -0.318) (all p < .001). In multivariable analysis, the associations with RRI, cfPWV, hsTnT and NT-pro-BNP remained unchanged. PA values 6.0-6.5° for males and 5.2-5.8° for females were predictive of commonly used cutoffs. The combination of ΑCC/AHA ASCVD Score with PA outperformed either factor in predicting cfPWV, RRI for males and hsTnT, BNP for both genders.

CONCLUSIONS: PA exhibits independent correlations with various parameters pertinent to cardiovascular risk and may be useful for cardiovascular assessment.},
}

Adult
Humans
Male
Female
*Cardiovascular Diseases/diagnosis/etiology
Carotid Intima-Media Thickness
Pulse Wave Analysis
*Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1
Risk Factors
Heart Disease Risk Factors
*Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
Natriuretic Peptide, Brain
Peptide Fragments
Biomarkers

@article {pmid38303174,
year = {2023},
author = {Takeda, Y and Ohmura, Y and Katsura, Y and Shinke, G and Kinoshita, M and Aoyama, S and Kihara, Y and Yanagisawa, K and Katsuyama, S and Ikeshima, R and Hiraki, M and Sugimura, K and Masuzawa, T and Hata, T and Murata, K},
title = {[Robotic and Laparoscopic Pancreaticoduodenectomy for the Elderly Patients-A Single Institutional Experience].},
journal = {Gan to kagaku ryoho. Cancer & chemotherapy},
volume = {50},
number = {13},
pages = {1688-1690},
pmid = {38303174},
issn = {0385-0684},
mesh = {Humans ; Male ; Female ; Aged ; Middle Aged ; Pancreaticoduodenectomy/adverse effects ; *Pancreatic Neoplasms/surgery/complications ; Pancreatic Fistula/etiology ; *Robotic Surgical Procedures/adverse effects ; Retrospective Studies ; *Laparoscopy/adverse effects ; Postoperative Complications/epidemiology/etiology ; Length of Stay ; *Carcinoma, Ductal/complications ; },
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy(LPD)has been covered by insurance since 2016 in Japan. Advance LPD and robotic pancreaticoduodenectomy(RPD)has been also covered by insurance since 2020 in Japan. The aim of this study was to analyze the perioperative results and outcomes of RPD and LPD for the elderly patients and to compare to the non-elderly patients.

PATIENTS AND METHOD: Between July 2020 and April 2023, 67 patients underwent RPD and between May 2012 and February 2021, 63 patients underwent LPD at Kansai Rosai Hospital. Sixty-seven RPD and 62 LPD patients without extended resection were divided into 2 groups those who were over 75 years old(R/LPD E)(n=55)and under 74 years old(R/LPD non-E)(n=74). Control patients who received open pancreaticoduodenectomy(OPD)without extended resection between April 2010 and April 2023 were also divided into 2 groups those who were over 75 years old(OPD E)(n =60)and under 74 years old(OPD non-E)(n=78). The patient age was 79.0 and 60.5 years, the male to female ratio was 35/20 and 45/29, disease ratio(invasive ductal carcinoma or not)was 7/48 and 9/65 in R/LPD E and R/LPD non-E groups, respectively. The patient age was 79.0 and 79.5 years, the male to female ratio was 35/20 and 31/29, disease ratio (invasive ductal carcinoma or not)was 7/48 and 30/30(p<0.0001)in R/LPD E and OPD E groups, respectively. This study was approved by the Human Ethics Review Committee of Kansai Rosai Hospital(Certificate Number: 2001019).

RESULTS: The average operation time was 644.6 and 675.2 minutes, an estimated blood loss was 220.8 and 134.4 g, postoperative pancreatic fistula(ISGPS 2016, [-]/BL/Grade B/C)was 24/18/13/0 and 28/25/21/0, delayed gastric emptying(ISGPS 2007, [-]/Grade A/B/C)was 48/0/4/3 and 61/2/6/5 and postoperative hospital stay was 27.9 and 25.9 and in R/LPD E and R/LPD non-E groups, respectively. No significant differences were noted between the groups, However, postoperative complication over Ⅲa Clavien-Dindo classification was 8(15.7%)and 3(4.4%)cases(p=0.0319)in R/LPD E and R/ LPD non-E groups. The average operation time was 644.6 and 492.1 minutes(p<0.0001), an estimated blood loss was 220.8 and 534.8 g(p=0.0004), postoperative pancreatic fistula(ISGPS 2016, [-]/BL/Grade B/C)was 24/18/13/0 and 27/8/24/1(p=0.0442), postoperative hospital stay was 27.9 and 42.0(p=0.0490)in R/LPD E and OPD E groups, respectively.

CONCLUSION: The R/LPD was undergone in safety, even for the over 75 years old patients.},
}

Humans
Male
Female
Aged
Middle Aged
Pancreaticoduodenectomy/adverse effects
*Pancreatic Neoplasms/surgery/complications
Pancreatic Fistula/etiology
*Robotic Surgical Procedures/adverse effects
Retrospective Studies
*Laparoscopy/adverse effects
Postoperative Complications/epidemiology/etiology
Length of Stay
*Carcinoma, Ductal/complications

@article {pmid38284471,
year = {2024},
author = {Shoshani, A and Kor, A and Farbstein-Yavin, S and Gvion, Y},
title = {Risk and protective factors for substance use and media addictive behaviors in adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic.},
journal = {Journal of adolescence},
volume = {96},
number = {4},
pages = {746-759},
doi = {10.1002/jad.12295},
pmid = {38284471},
issn = {1095-9254},
mesh = {Humans ; Adolescent ; *COVID-19/epidemiology/psychology/prevention & control ; Male ; Female ; Israel/epidemiology ; *Substance-Related Disorders/epidemiology/psychology ; *Behavior, Addictive/psychology/epidemiology ; Risk Factors ; *Protective Factors ; *Social Media/statistics & numerical data ; Longitudinal Studies ; Child ; Adolescent Behavior/psychology ; Internet Addiction Disorder/epidemiology/psychology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Screen Time ; },
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: This study examined the long-term effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on adolescents' substance use, digital media use, and symptoms of internet, gaming, and social media addiction.

METHOD: A nationally representative longitudinal cohort of 1665 Israeli teens and preteens, aged 9-16, completed questionnaires assessing substance use prevalence, daily screen time, symptoms of media addiction, and potential risk and protective factors. Data were collected before the pandemic (October 2019), after the second wave lockdown (November 2020), and after the fifth wave (April 2022) in Israel.

RESULTS: The analysis documented significant increases in substance use, daily screen time, and social media addiction indices over time. Gratitude, life satisfaction, positive emotions, future orientation, grit, and secure attachment emerged as significant protective factors. Sensation-seeking, negative emotions, and mental health symptoms were identified as risk factors.

CONCLUSIONS: These findings highlight the importance of educational and public mental health services in addressing the pandemic's long-term impact on the mental health and addictive behaviors of adolescents. They also emphasize the significance of enhancing protective factors and reducing risk factors to effectively mitigate substance and digital media abuse among adolescents.},
}

Humans
Adolescent
*COVID-19/epidemiology/psychology/prevention & control
Male
Female
Israel/epidemiology
*Substance-Related Disorders/epidemiology/psychology
*Behavior, Addictive/psychology/epidemiology
Risk Factors
*Protective Factors
*Social Media/statistics & numerical data
Longitudinal Studies
Child
Adolescent Behavior/psychology
Internet Addiction Disorder/epidemiology/psychology
SARS-CoV-2
Surveys and Questionnaires
Screen Time

@article {pmid38273260,
year = {2024},
author = {Saad, HA and Baz, A and Riad, M and Eraky, ME and El-Taher, A and Farid, MI and Sharaf, K and Said, HEM and Ibrahim, LA},
title = {Tumor microenvironment and immune system preservation in early-stage breast cancer: routes for early recurrence after mastectomy and treatment for lobular and ductal forms of disease.},
journal = {BMC immunology},
volume = {25},
number = {1},
pages = {9},
pmid = {38273260},
issn = {1471-2172},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; *Breast Neoplasms/surgery ; Mastectomy ; Vimentin/therapeutic use ; *Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology/secondary/surgery ; Tumor Microenvironment ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 1/therapeutic use ; *Carcinoma, Lobular/pathology/secondary/surgery ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Intra-ductal cancer (IDC) is the most common type of breast cancer, with intra-lobular cancer (ILC) coming in second. Surgery is the primary treatment for early stage breast cancer. There are now irrefutable data demonstrating that the immune context of breast tumors can influence growth and metastasis. Adjuvant chemotherapy may be administered in patients who are at a high risk of recurrence. Our goal was to identify the processes underlying both types of early local recurrences.

METHODS: This was a case-control observational study. Within 2 years of receiving adjuvant taxan and anthracycline-based chemotherapy, as well as modified radical mastectomy (MRM), early stage IDC and ILC recurred. Vimentin, α-smooth muscle actin (SMA), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP1), and clustered differentiation (CD95) were investigated.

RESULTS: Of the samples in the ductal type group, 25 showed local recurrence, and 25 did not. Six individuals in the lobular-type group did not experience recurrence, whereas seven did. Vimentin (p = 0.000 and 0.021), PDGF (p = 0.000 and 0.002), and CD95 (p = 0.000 and 0.045) expressions were significantly different in ductal and lobular carcinoma types, respectively. Measurement of ductal type was the sole significant difference found in MMP1 (p = 0.000) and α-SMA (p = 0.000). α-SMA and CD95 were two variables that helped the recurrence mechanism in the ductal type according to the pathway analysis. In contrast, the CD95 route is a recurrent mechanism for the lobular form.

CONCLUSIONS: While the immune system plays a larger role in ILC, the tumor microenvironment and immune system both influence the recurrence of IDC. According to this study, improving the immune system may be a viable cancer treatment option.},
}

Humans
Female
*Breast Neoplasms/surgery
Mastectomy
Vimentin/therapeutic use
*Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology/secondary/surgery
Tumor Microenvironment
Matrix Metalloproteinase 1/therapeutic use
*Carcinoma, Lobular/pathology/secondary/surgery

@article {pmid38272241,
year = {2024},
author = {Failayev, H and Ganoth, A and Tsfadia, Y},
title = {Molecular insights on the coronavirus MERS-CoV interaction with the CD26 receptor.},
journal = {Virus research},
volume = {342},
number = {},
pages = {199330},
pmid = {38272241},
issn = {1872-7492},
mesh = {Humans ; Animals ; Dogs ; Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4/genetics ; *Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus/genetics ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/genetics ; *Coronavirus Infections ; Amino Acids ; },
abstract = {The Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) is a severe respiratory disease with high fatality rates, caused by the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). The virus initiates infection by binding to the CD26 receptor (also known as dipeptidyl peptidase 4 or DPP4) via its spike protein. Although the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the viral spike protein and the complex between RBD and the extracellular domain of CD26 have been studied using X-ray crystallography, conflicting studies exist regarding the importance of certain amino acids outside the resolved RBD-CD26 complex interaction interface. To gain atomic-level knowledge of the RBD-CD26 complex, we employed computational simulations to study the complex's dynamic behavior as it evolves from its crystal structure to a conformation stable in solution. Our study revealed previously unidentified interaction regions and interacting amino acids within the complex, determined a novel comprehensive RBD-binding domain of CD26, and by that expanded the current understanding of its structure. Additionally, we examined the impact of a single amino acid substitution, E513A, on the complex's stability. We discovered that this substitution disrupts the complex through an allosteric domino-like mechanism that affects other residues. Since MERS-CoV is a zoonotic virus, we evaluated its potential risk of human infection via animals, and suggest a low likelihood for possible infection by cats or dogs. The molecular structural information gleaned from our insights into the RBD-CD26 complex pre-dissociative states may be proved useful not only from a mechanistic view but also in assessing inter-species transmission and in developing anti-MERS-CoV antiviral therapeutics.},
}

Humans
Animals
Dogs
Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4/genetics
*Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus/genetics
Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/genetics
*Coronavirus Infections
Amino Acids

@article {pmid38265547,
year = {2024},
author = {Dai, Q and Feng, K and Liu, G and Cheng, H and Tong, X and Wang, X and Feng, L and Wang, Y},
title = {Prognostic Impact of HER2-Low and HER2-Zero in Resectable Breast Cancer with Different Hormone Receptor Status: A Landmark Analysis of Real-World Data from the National Cancer Center of China.},
journal = {Targeted oncology},
volume = {19},
number = {1},
pages = {81-93},
pmid = {38265547},
issn = {1776-260X},
support = {CIFMS//Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/ ; ID Number: 2021-I2M-1-014//Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/ ; ID Number: LC2022A02//Beijing Hope Run Special Fund of Cancer Foundation of China/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; Prognosis ; *Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy/pathology ; Receptor, ErbB-2 ; Retrospective Studies ; Hormones ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The prognostic impact of HER2-low on overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) in patients with resectable breast cancer (BC) remains controversial, partly resulting from the hormone receptor (HR) status.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the prognostic impact of HER2-low in different HR subgroups.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: We retrospectively retrieved medical records of treatment-naive primary HER2-low and HER2-zero BC patients who were diagnosed with invasive ductal carcinoma and underwent surgery in the Cancer Hospital of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences from January 2009 to September 2017 (n = 7371). We compared the clinicopathologic features and performed Cox regression and landmark survival analyses to explore the prognostic impact of HER2-low on survival outcomes during distinct post-surgery intervals-36 months, 60 months, and 120 months.

RESULTS: HER2-low BC, compared to HER2-zero BC, exhibited less aggressive clinicopathologic features, such as smaller invasion size, lower grade, increased nerve invasion, higher HR positivity, and a higher proportion of low-Ki67 cases. In the HR-positive subgroup, HER2-low demonstrated improved OS (p = 0.046) and DFS (p = 0.026) within 60 months. Conversely, HER2-low displayed worse DFS (p = 0.046) in the HR-negative subgroup after 36 months from surgery. The findings remained robust in uni- and multi-variable Cox models.

CONCLUSIONS: HER2-low BCs manifested less aggressive clinicopathologic features than the HER2-zero cases. The prognostic impact of HER2-low in resectable BCs exhibits variability contingent upon the patients' HR status.},
}

Humans
Female
Prognosis
*Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy/pathology
Receptor, ErbB-2
Retrospective Studies
Hormones

@article {pmid38250443,
year = {2023},
author = {Wang, Y and Zhang, X and Yan, Y and Niu, T and Zhang, M and Fan, C and Liang, W and Shu, Y and Guo, C and Guo, D and Bi, Y},
title = {GmABCG5, an ATP-binding cassette G transporter gene, is involved in the iron deficiency response in soybean.},
journal = {Frontiers in plant science},
volume = {14},
number = {},
pages = {1289801},
pmid = {38250443},
issn = {1664-462X},
abstract = {Iron deficiency is a major nutritional problem causing iron deficiency chlorosis (IDC) and yield reduction in soybean, one of the most important crops. The ATP-binding cassette G subfamily plays a crucial role in substance transportation in plants. In this study, we cloned the GmABCG5 gene from soybean and verified its role in Fe homeostasis. Analysis showed that GmABCG5 belongs to the ABCG subfamily and is subcellularly localized at the cell membrane. From high to low, GmABCG5 expression was found in the stem, root, and leaf of young soybean seedlings, and the order of expression was flower, pod, seed stem, root, and leaf in mature soybean plants. The GUS assay and qRT-PCR results showed that the GmABCG5 expression was significantly induced by iron deficiency in the leaf. We obtained the GmABCG5 overexpressed and inhibitory expressed soybean hairy root complexes. Overexpression of GmABCG5 promoted, and inhibition of GmABCG5 retarded the growth of soybean hairy roots, independent of nutrient iron conditions, confirming the growth-promotion function of GmABCG5. Iron deficiency has a negative effect on the growth of soybean complexes, which was more obvious in the GmABCG5 inhibition complexes. The chlorophyll content was increased in the GmABCG5 overexpression complexes and decreased in the GmABCG5 inhibition complexes. Iron deficiency treatment widened the gap in the chlorophyll contents. FCR activity was induced by iron deficiency and showed an extraordinary increase in the GmABCG5 overexpression complexes, accompanied by the greatest Fe accumulation. Antioxidant capacity was enhanced when GmABCG5 was overexpressed and reduced when GmABCG5 was inhibited under iron deficiency. These results showed that the response mechanism to iron deficiency is more actively mobilized in GmABCG5 overexpression seedlings. Our results indicated that GmABCG5 could improve the plant's tolerance to iron deficiency, suggesting that GmABCG5 might have the function of Fe mobilization, redistribution, and/or secretion of Fe substances in plants. The findings provide new insights into the ABCG subfamily genes in the regulation of iron homeostasis in plants.},
}

@article {pmid38233262,
year = {2024},
author = {Wang, B and Fu, Y and Chen, M and Peng, S and Marra, G and Zhuang, J and Zhang, S and Guo, H and Qiu, X},
title = {The presence of intraductal carcinoma of prostate is a risk factor for poor pathologic response in men with high-risk prostate cancer receiving neoadjuvant therapy.},
journal = {Urologic oncology},
volume = {42},
number = {3},
pages = {67.e9-67.e15},
doi = {10.1016/j.urolonc.2023.11.018},
pmid = {38233262},
issn = {1873-2496},
mesh = {Male ; Humans ; Prostate/surgery/pathology ; *Prostatic Neoplasms/drug therapy/pathology ; *Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/pathology/surgery ; Neoadjuvant Therapy ; Androgen Antagonists/therapeutic use ; Prospective Studies ; Prostatectomy ; Risk Factors ; },
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To explore the potential association between the presence of intraductal carcinoma of the prostate (IDC-P) on biopsy and pathologic response of primary tumor to neoadjuvant therapy in patients with high-risk prostate cancer.

METHODS: Eighty-five patients with high-risk localized/locally advanced prostate cancer (CaP) who were given 6-month neoadjuvant therapies of androgen deprivation therapy plus docetaxel or abiraterone prior to radical prostatectomy in 2 prospective trials were included in this study. The presence of IDC-P in biopsy pathology was rereviewed by 2 experienced pathologists. Favorable pathologic response was defined as pathologic complete response or minimal residual disease <5 mm on whole-mount histopathology. Characteristics of clinical and biopsy pathology variables were included in univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses to identify risk factors for the prediction of favorable pathologic response on final pathology.

RESULTS: IDC-P was identified to be present on biopsy pathology of 35 patients (41.2%) while favorable pathologic responses were confirmed in 25 patients (29.4%). Initial prostate-specific antigen (PSA) (OR 3.592, 95% CI 1.176-10.971, P = 0.025) and the presence of IDC-P on biopsy pathology (OR 3.837, 95% CI 1.234-11.930, P = 0.020) were found to be significantly associated with favorable pathologic response in multivariate logistic regression analysis.

CONCLUSION: IDC-P on biopsy pathology was found to be an independent risk factor to predict a poor pathology response of primary CaP to neoadjuvant therapies.},
}

Male
Humans
Prostate/surgery/pathology
*Prostatic Neoplasms/drug therapy/pathology
*Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/pathology/surgery
Neoadjuvant Therapy
Androgen Antagonists/therapeutic use
Prospective Studies
Prostatectomy
Risk Factors

@article {pmid38231374,
year = {2024},
author = {Maggi, G and Vitale, C and Giacobbe, C and Barone, A and Mastromarino, C and Iannotta, F and Amboni, M and Weintraub, D and Santangelo, G},
title = {Validation of the Italian version of the Questionnaire for Impulsive-Compulsive Disorders in Parkinson's Disease-Rating Scale (QUIP-RS) in an Italian Parkinson's disease cohort.},
journal = {Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology},
volume = {45},
number = {7},
pages = {3153-3161},
pmid = {38231374},
issn = {1590-3478},
mesh = {Humans ; *Parkinson Disease/complications/psychology/diagnosis ; Female ; Male ; Italy ; *Disruptive, Impulse Control, and Conduct Disorders/diagnosis/etiology ; Aged ; Middle Aged ; *Psychiatric Status Rating Scales/standards ; Reproducibility of Results ; Cohort Studies ; Severity of Illness Index ; Surveys and Questionnaires/standards ; Psychometrics/standards ; },
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Impulse control disorders (ICDs) frequently occur in Parkinson's disease (PD), and an early identification is essential to prevent severe psychosocial consequences. The Questionnaire for Impulsive-Compulsive Disorders in Parkinson's Disease-Rating Scale (QUIP-RS) has been developed to evaluate the severity of ICDs along with a range of impulsive-compulsive behaviors (ICBs) in PD; however, its Italian version has not yet been validated.

METHODS: One hundred consecutive outpatients with PD were administered an Italian version of the QUIP-RS and a brief neuropsychological assessment to evaluate global cognitive status and scales to measure depression, apathy and impulsive disorders. We evaluated the internal consistency, convergent and divergent validity, and factorial structure of QUIP-RS. We also explored the possible association between QUIP-RS scores and clinical factors and dopaminergic medication.

RESULTS: Subsyndromal ICDs manifestations were observed in 54% of the patients, and one in four (22%) reported two or more ICDs or related behaviors. The QUIP-RS demonstrated good internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.806) and construct validity, and its factorial structure reflected different ICDs and ICBs domains. No association emerged between QUIP-RS scores and the clinical aspects of PD and dopaminergic medication.

CONCLUSION: We provided, for the first time, an Italian translation of the QUIP-RS and demonstrated its feasibility in clinical and research settings. Severity of ICDs was independent of clinical factors and dopaminergic medication, underlining the need to adopt a broader perspective on their etiopathology in PD.},
}

Humans
*Parkinson Disease/complications/psychology/diagnosis
Female
Male
Italy
*Disruptive, Impulse Control, and Conduct Disorders/diagnosis/etiology
Aged
Middle Aged
*Psychiatric Status Rating Scales/standards
Reproducibility of Results
Cohort Studies
Severity of Illness Index
Surveys and Questionnaires/standards
Psychometrics/standards

@article {pmid38193247,
year = {2024},
author = {Okano, K and Miyai, K and Mikoshi, A and Edo, H and Ito, K and Tsuda, H and Shinmoto, H},
title = {Histological parameters and stromal desmoplastic status affecting accurate diagnosis of extraprostatic extension of prostate cancer using multi-parametric magnetic resonance imaging.},
journal = {International journal of urology : official journal of the Japanese Urological Association},
volume = {31},
number = {5},
pages = {475-482},
doi = {10.1111/iju.15385},
pmid = {38193247},
issn = {1442-2042},
mesh = {Humans ; Male ; *Prostatic Neoplasms/pathology/diagnostic imaging/surgery ; Aged ; Middle Aged ; *Prostatectomy ; *Multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Prostate/pathology/diagnostic imaging ; Cell Adhesion Molecules/analysis/metabolism ; Neoplasm Grading ; Retrospective Studies ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; },
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinicopathological factors affecting discrepancies between multi-parametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) and histopathological evaluation for diagnosis of extraprostatic extension (EPE) of prostate cancer.

METHODS: One hundred-and-three lesions from 96 cases with suspected EPE on preoperative mpMRI, of which 60 and 43 showed bulging and frank capsular breach, respectively, were grouped according to pathological (p)EPE in radical prostatectomy specimens. Additionally, clinicopathological/immunohistochemical findings for periostin reflecting a desmoplastic stromal reaction were compared between these groups.

RESULTS: pEPE was detected in 49 (48%) of the 103 lesions. Of these, 25 (42%) showed bulging and 24 (56%) showed frank capsular breach on MRI. In the total cohort, the absence of pEPE was significantly associated with a lower Gleason Grade Group (GG) (p < 0.0001), anterior location (p = 0.003), absence of intraductal carcinoma of the prostate (IDC-P) (p = 0.026), and high stromal periostin expression (p < 0.0001). These trends were preserved in subgroups defined by MRI findings, except for anterior location/IDC-P in the bulging subgroup.

CONCLUSIONS: GG, anterior location, and periostin expression may cause mpMRI-pathological discrepancies regarding EPE. Periostin expression was a significant pEPE-negative factor in all subgroup analyses. Our results indicate that patients with suspected EPE on MRI, regardless of their pEPE results, should be followed as carefully as those with definite pEPE.},
}

Humans
Male
*Prostatic Neoplasms/pathology/diagnostic imaging/surgery
Aged
Middle Aged
*Prostatectomy
*Multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Prostate/pathology/diagnostic imaging
Cell Adhesion Molecules/analysis/metabolism
Neoplasm Grading
Retrospective Studies
Magnetic Resonance Imaging

@article {pmid38190207,
year = {2024},
author = {Elshanbary, AA and Zaazouee, MS and Nourelden, AZ and Al-Kafarna, M and Matar, SG and Elsaeidy, AS and Ragab, KM and Elhady, MM and Albadrani, GM and Altyar, AE and Kensara, OA and Abdel-Daim, MM},
title = {Risk factors of diabetes and cancer-specific mortalities in patients with infiltrating ductal carcinoma of the breast: a population-based study.},
journal = {European journal of cancer prevention : the official journal of the European Cancer Prevention Organisation (ECP)},
volume = {33},
number = {4},
pages = {321-333},
pmid = {38190207},
issn = {1473-5709},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; *Breast Neoplasms/mortality/pathology/therapy ; Middle Aged ; Risk Factors ; *Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/mortality/pathology/therapy/epidemiology ; *SEER Program/statistics & numerical data ; Aged ; Adult ; Diabetes Mellitus/mortality/epidemiology ; Prognosis ; United States/epidemiology ; Survival Rate ; Follow-Up Studies ; Neoplasm Staging ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Breast cancer is considered one of the most common neoplasms worldwide. Diabetes (DM) increases mortality among postmenopausal patients with breast cancer. Our study aims to identify the risk factors of DM-specific mortality and infiltrating ductal carcinoma (IDC) mortality in patients with IDC of the breast.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data of IDC patients were obtained from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database from 1975 to 2016. Independent variables included age, race, marital status, the primary site of IDC, breast subtype, the disease stage, grade, chemotherapy, radiation, and surgery. Kaplan-Meier, Cox and Binary regression tests were used to analyze the data using SPSS software.

RESULTS: A total of 673 533 IDC patients were analyzed. Of them, 4224 died due to DM and 116 822 died due to IDC. Factors that increase the risk of overall, IDC-specific, and DM-specific mortalities include older age, black race, widowed, uninsured, regional and distant stages, grade II and III, and no treatment with chemotherapy or radiotherapy or surgery. Additionally, the IDC mortality increased with separated status, all primary sites, all breast subtypes, and stage IV.

CONCLUSION: In patients with IDC, controlling DM besides cancer is recommended to reduce the mortality risk. Old, black, widowed, uninsured, regional and distant stages, grade II and III, and no treatment are common risk factors for DM- and IDC-mortality.},
}

Humans
Female
*Breast Neoplasms/mortality/pathology/therapy
Middle Aged
Risk Factors
*Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/mortality/pathology/therapy/epidemiology
*SEER Program/statistics & numerical data
Aged
Adult
Diabetes Mellitus/mortality/epidemiology
Prognosis
United States/epidemiology
Survival Rate
Follow-Up Studies
Neoplasm Staging

@article {pmid38157332,
year = {2023},
author = {Shinohara, T and Asoda, T and Nakano, Y and Yamada, H and Fujimori, Y},
title = {Germline BRCA2 Pathogenic Variant in Primary Breast Cancer of a Down Syndrome Individual.},
journal = {The American journal of case reports},
volume = {24},
number = {},
pages = {e942208},
pmid = {38157332},
issn = {1941-5923},
mesh = {Female ; Humans ; Adult ; *Breast Neoplasms/pathology ; Mastectomy ; *Down Syndrome/complications/surgery ; Biomarkers, Tumor ; *Carcinoma, Ductal/surgery ; Germ Cells/pathology ; BRCA2 Protein/genetics ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND Down syndrome (DS) is the most common genetic disorder, and individuals with DS are known to have a low risk for solid tumors, including breast cancer. In contrast, Breast Cancer Susceptibility Gene (BRCA) pathogenic variant can cause breast cancer. We report a case of primary breast cancer harboring a BRCA2 pathogenic variant in a 35-year-old woman with DS. CASE REPORT A 35-year-old woman with DS presented with a palpable 2-cm mass in the upper-inner quadrant of the left breast. A biopsy confirmed an invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast. Her clinical diagnosis was cT2, N0, M0, cStageIIA. A left modified radical mastectomy with axillary node dissection was performed. Her final pathological diagnosis was invasive ductal carcinoma (T2, pN1, M0, stageIIB), positive estrogen receptors, negative progesterone receptors, negative human epidermal receptor-2 status. She was started on adjuvant hormonal therapy. Unfortunately, 23 months after the operation, multiple metastases were detected. Testing for a BRCA pathogenic variant was performed, and a BRCA2 pathogenic variant was detected. Olaparib was orally administered, and the levels of tumor markers rapidly declined; however, the levels of the tumor markers started to increase again 5 months after the initiation of olaparib. Subsequently, she developed bilateral carcinomatous lymphangiomatosis and died 59 months after the operation. CONCLUSIONS This report highlights a rare case of primary breast cancer harboring a germline BRCA2 pathogenic variant in an individual with DS. Our study highlights the importance of genetic testing as part of breast cancer management in these patients.},
}

Female
Humans
Adult
*Breast Neoplasms/pathology
Mastectomy
*Down Syndrome/complications/surgery
Biomarkers, Tumor
*Carcinoma, Ductal/surgery
Germ Cells/pathology
BRCA2 Protein/genetics

@article {pmid38131316,
year = {2024},
author = {Özden, A and Dalgıç, B and Demir, M and Hazırolan, G and Uzun, Ö and Metan, G},
title = {Impact of a hospital sepsis management protocol on the selection of empirical antibiotics in infectious disease consultations.},
journal = {Journal of chemotherapy (Florence, Italy)},
volume = {36},
number = {3},
pages = {190-197},
doi = {10.1080/1120009X.2023.2296146},
pmid = {38131316},
issn = {1973-9478},
mesh = {Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use ; *Bacteremia/drug therapy ; beta-Lactamases ; Carbapenems ; *Communicable Diseases/drug therapy ; Escherichia coli ; *Escherichia coli Infections/drug therapy ; Hospitals ; *Klebsiella Infections/microbiology ; Piperacillin, Tazobactam Drug Combination/therapeutic use ; Referral and Consultation ; Retrospective Studies ; *Sepsis/drug therapy ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; },
abstract = {It is well-established that Infectious Diseases consultation (IDC) enhances the prognosis of bloodstream infections. However, it is unclear if adoption of an institutional sepsis protocol would lead to any further improvement in a setting where IDC and infectious diseases approval (IDA) - available throughout 7 days/24 hours -are mandatory for administering broad spectrum antibiotics. We aimed to evaluate the influence of the institutional sepsis protocol developed by Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology on the selection of appropriate empirical antibiotics by IDC through focusing on patients who had bloodstream infections caused by Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae, which poses a therapeutic challenge. One hundred and fifty-three adult patients (58 patients in the pre-protocol period and 95 patients in the post-protocol period), who received empirical antibiotic treatment for ESBL-producing E. coli and K. pneumoniae, in whom at least one systemic antibiotic was started either on the day blood cultures were drawn or not later than 24 hours were included in the study, retrospectively. The primary outcome was whether the empirical treatment regimen included a carbapenem that was accepted as the appropriate treatment based on the results of the MERINO trial. Secondary outcomes included empirical treatment based on pre-defined risk factors suggesting multidrug resistance (MDR), 30-day inpatient mortality, and appropriate antibacterial treatment according to antimicrobial susceptibility test (AST) results. The median age (Interquartile range) was 61 (48-70.5) years and 76 (49.7%) out of 153 patients were male. The patients in the post-protocol period were older compared to the pre-protocol period (54 years vs 64 years, p = 0.045). The Charlson Comorbidity Index was higher during the post-protocol period compared to the pre-protocol period (4 vs 5, p=0.038). At least one risk factor for MDR bacteria infection was present in 147 (96.1%) of the 153 patients. While the rate of risk factors for MDR bacteria infections did not differ significantly between the pre-protocol and post-protocol periods, the post-protocol period showed a significantly higher level of appropriate antibiotic treatment according to the presence of MDR risk factors compared to the pre-protocol period (44.8% vs 64.2%, p=0.019). There was a significant increase in the use of carbapenems in the post-protocol period compared to the pre-protocol period (34.5% vs. 56.8%, p=0.007). When the subgroup of patients who were likely to have infection caused by ESBL-producing bacteria is taken into consideration, the carbapenem use was more frequent in the post-protocol period (37.8% vs 68.9%, p=0.002). The rate of appropriate empirical treatment according to AST was not statistically different between pre-protocol and post-protocol period. The 30-day mortality rates were similar in both periods (24.1% vs 31.5, p=0.33). However, the rate of susceptibility to piperacillin-tazobactam was statistically higher in the pre-protocol period (82.6% vs 46.2%, p=0.016) when 39.7% of the patients received piperacillin-tazobactam as the empirical treatment. This study highlights the significance of using a structured protocol to attain appropriate empirical treatment for patients suspected of sepsis, even in a setting where IDC is readily available.},
}

Aged
Female
Humans
Male
Middle Aged
Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use
*Bacteremia/drug therapy
beta-Lactamases
Carbapenems
*Communicable Diseases/drug therapy
Escherichia coli
*Escherichia coli Infections/drug therapy
Hospitals
*Klebsiella Infections/microbiology
Piperacillin, Tazobactam Drug Combination/therapeutic use
Referral and Consultation
Retrospective Studies
*Sepsis/drug therapy
Clinical Trials as Topic

@article {pmid38104283,
year = {2023},
author = {Maman, A and Senol, O},
title = {Evaluating Alterations in Breast Cancer Patients after Recovery Via A PET/CT-Assisted Metabolomics Approach.},
journal = {Puerto Rico health sciences journal},
volume = {42},
number = {4},
pages = {276-282},
pmid = {38104283},
issn = {2373-6011},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; *Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography ; *Breast Neoplasms/pathology ; Metabolome ; Metabolomics/methods ; Biomarkers ; },
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Breast cancer is a mortal disease that causes many deaths, especially in women. Improved therapies could contribute positively to survival rates. Metabolomics is an important tool for monitoring the alterations of several metabolites in clinical cases. This study aimed to develop a metabolomics model to observe (via mass spectroscopy) metabolic alterations in patients who suffered from breast cancer (BC), both before and after their recovery.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Grades 1 and 2 invasive ductal carcinoma patients were evaluated based on their positron emission tomography/computed tomography results. Fourteen patients who had fully recovered from BC were subjected to metabolomics analysis. Plasma samples were extracted and analyzed via quadrupole time-of-flight mass tandem spectroscopy. A chemometrics analysis was performed in order to determine the statistically significant metabolites. All the metabolites were annotated via the mummichog algorithm.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: According to the data analysis, glucose, ornithine, phenyalanine, some vitamins, and metabolites in the fatty acid metabolism were statistically altered after recovery of each patient.

CONCLUSION: Untargeted metabolomics studies can be used to understand the etiopathogenesis of breast cancer, finding new biomarkers and alterations of metabolic pathways. After the tumor burden was removed, homeostasis was restored and the concentration of several metabolites began to normalize. This study elucidated the effects of breast cancer at the molecular level.},
}

Humans
Female
*Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography
*Breast Neoplasms/pathology
Metabolome
Metabolomics/methods
Biomarkers

@article {pmid38076287,
year = {2023},
author = {Tractenberg, RE and Groah, SL and Frost, JK and Yumoto, F and Rounds, AK and Ljungberg, IH},
title = {Urinary Symptoms Among People With Neurogenic Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction (NLUTD) Vary by Bladder Management.},
journal = {Topics in spinal cord injury rehabilitation},
volume = {29},
number = {3},
pages = {31-43},
pmid = {38076287},
issn = {1945-5763},
mesh = {Humans ; Urinary Bladder ; *Urinary Bladder, Neurogenic/therapy/diagnosis ; *Spinal Cord Injuries/complications ; Catheters, Indwelling ; Pain/complications ; },
abstract = {OBJECTIVES: To determine whether assessment and decision-making around urinary symptoms in people with neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction (NLUTD) should depend on bladder management.

METHODS: Three surveys of urinary symptoms associated with NLUTD (USQNBs) were designed specific to bladder management method for those who manage their bladders with indwelling catheter (IDC), intermittent catheter (IC), or voiding (V). Each was deployed one time to a national sample. Subject matter experts qualitatively assessed the wording of validated items to identify potential duplicates. Clustering by unsupervised structural learning was used to analyze duplicates. Each item was classified into mutually exclusive and exhaustive categories: clinically actionable ("fever"), bladder-specific ("suprapubic pain"), urine quality ("cloudy urine"), or constitutional ("leg pain").

RESULTS: A core of 10 "NLUTD urinary symptoms" contains three clinically actionable, bladder-specific, and urine quality items plus one constitutional item. There are 9 (IDC), 11 (IC), and 8 (V) items unique to these instruments. One decision-making protocol applies to all instruments.

CONCLUSION: Ten urinary symptoms in NLUTD are independent of bladder management, whereas a similar number depend on bladder management. We conclude that assessment of urinary symptoms for persons with NLUTD should be specific to bladder management method, like the USQNBs are.},
}

Humans
Urinary Bladder
*Urinary Bladder, Neurogenic/therapy/diagnosis
*Spinal Cord Injuries/complications
Catheters, Indwelling
Pain/complications

@article {pmid38067216,
year = {2023},
author = {Bernhardt, M and Kristiansen, G},
title = {Molecular Alterations in Intraductal Carcinoma of the Prostate.},
journal = {Cancers},
volume = {15},
number = {23},
pages = {},
pmid = {38067216},
issn = {2072-6694},
abstract = {Intraductal carcinoma of the prostate is most commonly associated with high-grade invasive prostate cancer. However, isolated IDC-P without adjacent cancer or high-grade cancer is also well known. Common genetic alterations present in IDC-P with adjacent high-grade prostate cancer are those described in high-grade tumors, such as PTEN loss (69-84%). In addition, the rate of LOH involving TP53 and RB1 is significantly higher. IDC-P is common in the TCGA molecular subset of SPOP mutant cancers, and the presence of SPOP mutations are more likely in IDC-P bearing tumors. IDC-P without adjacent high-grade cancers are by far less common. They are less likely to have PTEN loss (47%) and rarely harbor an ERG fusion (7%). Molecular alterations that may predispose a person to the development of IDC-P include the loss of BRCA2 and PTEN as well as mutations in SPOP. However, the causative nature of these genetic alterations is yet to be validated.},
}

@article {pmid38049608,
year = {2024},
author = {Maggi, G and Giacobbe, C and Vitale, C and Amboni, M and Obeso, I and Santangelo, G},
title = {Theory of mind in mild cognitive impairment and Parkinson's disease: The role of memory impairment.},
journal = {Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience},
volume = {24},
number = {1},
pages = {156-170},
pmid = {38049608},
issn = {1531-135X},
mesh = {Humans ; *Parkinson Disease/complications/psychology ; *Theory of Mind ; *Cognitive Dysfunction/etiology/psychology ; Executive Function ; *Cognition Disorders ; Memory Disorders ; Neuropsychological Tests ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Social cognition is impaired in Parkinson's disease (PD). Whether social cognitive impairment (iSC) is a by-product of the underlying cognitive deficits in PD or a process independent of cognitive status is unknown. To this end, the present study was designed to investigate the weight of specific cognitive deficits in social cognition, considering different mild cognitive impairment subtypes of PD (PD-MCI).

METHODS: Fifty-eight PD patients underwent a neuropsychological battery assessing executive functions, memory, language, and visuospatial domains, together with social cognitive tests focused on theory of mind (ToM). Patients were divided into subgroups according to their clinical cognitive status: amnestic PD-MCI (PD-aMCI, n = 18), non-amnestic PD-MCI (PD-naMCI, n = 16), and cognitively unimpaired (PD-CU, n = 24). Composite scores for cognitive and social domains were computed to perform mediation analyses.

RESULTS: Memory and language impairments mediated the effect of executive functioning in social cognitive deficits in PD patients. Dividing by MCI subgroups, iSC occurred more frequently in PD-aMCI (77.8%) than in PD-naMCI (18.8%) and PD-CU (8.3%). Moreover, PD-aMCI performed worse than PD-CU in all social cognitive measures, whereas PD-naMCI performed worse than PD-CU in only one subtype of the affective and cognitive ToM tests.

CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that ToM impairment in PD can be explained by memory dysfunction that mediates executive control. ToM downsides in the amnesic forms of PD-MCI may suggest that subtle changes in social cognition could partly explain future transitions into dementia. Hence, the evaluation of social cognition in PD is critical to characterize a possible behavioral marker of cognitive decline.},
}

Humans
*Parkinson Disease/complications/psychology
*Theory of Mind
*Cognitive Dysfunction/etiology/psychology
Executive Function
*Cognition Disorders
Memory Disorders
Neuropsychological Tests

@article {pmid38026906,
year = {2023},
author = {Günay, S and Gökçek, B and Kandemir, Ö and Akan, A and Yalçın, O},
title = {Long-term results of breast cancer patients who received IOERT as boost during BCS: A single-institution retrospective analysis.},
journal = {Turkish journal of surgery},
volume = {39},
number = {2},
pages = {115-120},
pmid = {38026906},
issn = {2564-6850},
abstract = {OBJECTIVES: Intraoperative electron radiotherapy (IOERT) applied as boost to the tumor bed during breast conserving surgery is advantageous in terms of local recurrence in breast cancer patients. In addition, it has other advantages over the adjuvant boost RT such as no risk of tumor bed change, ease of sequencing radiotherapy chemotherapy, and reduced workload of the radiotherapy clinic. This study aimed to evaluate the long-term results of our patients who were treated with this method in our institution and are still being followed up.

MATERIAL AND METHODS: One hundred and three patients enrolled in this study received IOERT equivalent to 10 Gy as boost during BCS and were subsequently given adjuvant WBI according to the biological subtype of the tumor systemic therapy. These patients were analyzed using their files and hospital records. Patients were evaluated for overall survival, local recurrence, distant metastasis, and cosmetic outcome (using LENT-SOMA scale).

RESULTS: Median age was 53,5 (27-74), mean follow-up time was 75 (48-106) months. Mean pathological tumor size was 18 mm (4-30), 90 of the patients had invasive ductal carcinoma, eight of them were lobular and five of them had mixed histological structure. Ninety-three of the patients presented histological grade II, 15 grade III; 74 patients were luminal A-like, 15 luminal B-like, eight HER2 positive and six triple negative breast cancer. According to the LENT-SOMA scale, 35 had grade 0, 42 each had grade I, 23 had grade II, and two had grade III. All patients underwent whole breast irradiation after surgery, 81 received chemotherapy and 90 endocrine therapy. There was one local recurrence, distant recurrence was seen in four patients and one patient died of non-breast cancer causes. Overall survival was %99, and event free survival %96.

CONCLUSION: IOERT for breast cancer treatment during BCS is a safe option with low chronic toxicity and the cosmetic outcome gets better over time.},
}

@article {pmid38024052,
year = {2023},
author = {Prabhu, SD and Rai, HS and Nayak, R and Naik, R and Jayasheelan, S},
title = {Study of the Immunohistochemical Expression of p63 in Benign Lesions and Carcinoma of the Breast at a Tertiary Hospital in South India.},
journal = {Cureus},
volume = {15},
number = {11},
pages = {e48557},
pmid = {38024052},
issn = {2168-8184},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Invasive breast carcinoma is among the most common female cancers worldwide, causing high morbidity and mortality. Considerable disagreement in the interpretation of diagnostically challenging breast lesions based on histology alone has been documented. One of the essential histopathological findings that help distinguish benign from malignant lesions is the presence of the myoepithelial cell layer. Myoepithelial markers such as tumor protein 63 (p63) help distinguish invasive carcinoma from benign proliferations. p63 antibody is superior to other myoepithelial markers as it selectively stains the nuclei and is negative in stromal cells.

OBJECTIVE: To study the expression of p63 in various histological subtypes and grades of breast carcinomas.

METHODS: After routine hematoxylin and eosin stain, 65 cases of breast lesions were subjected to immunohistochemistry for p63 antigen using Novacastra ready-to-use monoclonal antibody p6. All cases were analyzed for p63 expression, and its staining arrangement was interpreted.

RESULTS: In all benign lesions, immunoreactivity was noted in the myoepithelial cells, forming a continuous layer surrounding the luminal epithelial cells. The benign papillary lesions showed p63 staining in the fibrovascular core of the papillary fronds and at the periphery. A few single myoepithelial cells stained by p63 were also seen scattered discontinuously in ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). All invasive carcinomas and encapsulated papillary carcinomas were completely devoid of peripheral p63 staining of myoepithelial cells.

CONCLUSION: p63 is a specific nuclear marker of myoepithelial cells in the breast and can, therefore, aid in distinguishing invasive ductal carcinoma from DCIS or rare questionable hyperplastic lesions. They also play a significant role in distinguishing various papillary lesions of the breast and, hence, can be incorporated into routine reporting for definitive diagnosis and accurate treatment.},
}

@article {pmid38022397,
year = {2023},
author = {Zhu, XD and Yu, JH and Ai, FL and Wang, Y and Lv, W and Yu, GL and Cao, XK and Lin, J},
title = {Construction and Validation of a Novel Nomogram for Predicting the Risk of Metastasis in a Luminal B Type Invasive Ductal Carcinoma Population.},
journal = {World journal of oncology},
volume = {14},
number = {6},
pages = {476-487},
pmid = {38022397},
issn = {1920-454X},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Postoperative distant metastasis is the main cause of death in breast cancer patients. We aimed to construct a nomogram to predict the risk of metastasis of luminal B type invasive ductal carcinoma.

METHODS: We applied the data of 364 luminal B type breast cancer patients between 2008 and 2013. Patients were categorized into modeling group and validation group randomly (1:1). The breast cancer metastasis nomogram was developed from the logistic regression model using clinicopathological variables. The area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve (AUC) was calculated in modeling group and validation group to evaluate the predictive accuracy of the nomogram.

RESULTS: The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that tumor size, No. of the positive level 1 axillary lymph nodes, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) status and Ki67 index were the independent predictors of the breast cancer metastasis. The AUC values of the modeling group and the validation group were 0.855 and 0.818, respectively. The nomogram had a well-fitted calibration curve. The positive and negative predictive values were 49.3% and 92.7% in the modeling group, and 47.9% and 91.0% in the validation group. Patients who had a score of 60 or more were thought to have a high risk of breast cancer metastasis.

CONCLUSIONS: The nomogram has a great predictive accuracy of predicting the risk of breast cancer metastasis. If patients had a score of 60 or more, necessary measures, like more standard treatment methods and higher treatment adherence of patients, are needed to take to lower the risk of metastasis and improve the prognosis.},
}

@article {pmid38012767,
year = {2023},
author = {Deguchi, S and Iwakami, A and Tujigiwa, M and Otake, H and Mano, Y and Yamamoto, N and Nakazawa, Y and Misra, M and Nagai, N},
title = {Recovery from indomethacin-induced gastrointestinal bleeding by treatment with teprenone.},
journal = {Journal of pharmaceutical health care and sciences},
volume = {9},
number = {1},
pages = {44},
pmid = {38012767},
issn = {2055-0294},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Gastrointestinal injuries caused by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) is a serious side effect in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, effective therapeutic strategies have yet to be established. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic effects of teprenone (TEP), a gastric mucosal protective drug, on NSAID-induced gastrointestinal injuries in rats with RA (AA rats).

METHODS: Gastrointestinal injury was induced by oral administration of indomethacin (IMC), a typical NSAID. TEP was orally administered after IMC-induced gastrointestinal bleeding, and the stomach, jejunum, and ileum were excised.

RESULTS: On day 14 of IMC administration, lesion areas in the stomach, jejunum, and ileum were significantly larger in AA rats than in normal rats. When TEP was orally administered to AA rats, the lesion areas in the stomach, jejunum, and ileum significantly decreased compared with those in control rats (IMC-induced AA rats). Therefore, we measured NOS2 mRNA and NO levels, which were significantly decreased in rats with IMC-induced AA after treatment with TEP.

CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that the oral administration of TEP may be useful for the treatment of NSAID-induced gastrointestinal injuries in patients with RA.},
}

@article {pmid38007354,
year = {2024},
author = {Miyajima, K and Sato, S and Uchida, N and Suzuki, H and Iwatani, K and Imai, Y and Aikawa, K and Yanagisawa, T and Kimura, S and Tashiro, K and Tsuzuki, S and Honda, M and Koike, Y and Miki, J and Miki, K and Shimomura, T and Yuen, S and Yamada, Y and Aoki, M and Takahashi, H and Urabe, F and Kimura, T},
title = {Clinical Significance of Intraductal Carcinoma of the Prostate After High-Dose Brachytherapy With External Beam Radiation Therapy: A Single Institution Series and an Updated Meta-Analysis.},
journal = {Clinical genitourinary cancer},
volume = {22},
number = {2},
pages = {149-156.e1},
doi = {10.1016/j.clgc.2023.10.005},
pmid = {38007354},
issn = {1938-0682},
mesh = {Male ; Humans ; *Brachytherapy/adverse effects ; Prostate/pathology ; Retrospective Studies ; *Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/etiology ; Clinical Relevance ; *Prostatic Neoplasms/pathology ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: We compared oncological outcomes between prostate cancer (PCa) patients with and without intraductal carcinoma of the prostate (IDC-P) after high-dose-rate brachytherapy (HDR-BT) with external beam radiation therapy (EBRT).

METHODS: We performed a retrospective analysis of 138 patients with clinically high-risk, very high-risk, or locally advanced PCa who received HDR-BT with EBRT. Of these, 70 (50.7 %) patients were diagnosed with IDC-P; 68 (49.3 %) patients with acinar adenocarcinoma of prostate. The oncological outcomes, including biochemical recurrence-free survival (BCRFS) and clinical progression-free survival (CPFS), were assessed using Kaplan-Meier curves. Additionally, Cox proportional hazards models were used to identify significant prognostic indicators or biochemical recurrence (BCR). Meta-analysis of existing literatures was performed to evaluate the risk of BCR in patients with IDC-P after radiation therapy, compared to those without IDC-P.

RESULTS: Kaplan-Meier curves demonstrated significantly inferior BCRFS and CPFS in patients with IDC-P. Multivariate analysis revealed that IDC-P and Grade Group 5 status were associated with increased BCR risk. in our meta-analysis, IDC-P was associated with BCR (HR = 2.13, P = .003).

CONCLUSION: Amongst the patients who received HDR-BT, patients with IDC-P displayed significantly more rapid disease progression, compared with patients who did not have IDC-P.},
}

Male
Humans
*Brachytherapy/adverse effects
Prostate/pathology
Retrospective Studies
*Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/etiology
Clinical Relevance
*Prostatic Neoplasms/pathology

@article {pmid37993256,
year = {2023},
author = {Wang, H and Ma, X and Li, S and Ni, X},
title = {SEL1L3 as a link molecular between renal cell carcinoma and atherosclerosis based on bioinformatics analysis and experimental verification.},
journal = {Aging},
volume = {15},
number = {22},
pages = {13150-13162},
pmid = {37993256},
issn = {1945-4589},
mesh = {Humans ; Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics ; *Carcinoma, Renal Cell/genetics/pathology ; Computational Biology/methods ; Gene Expression Profiling/methods ; Gene Regulatory Networks ; *Kidney Neoplasms/genetics ; Transcription Factors/genetics ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Renal cancer, the most common type of kidney cancer, develops in the renal tubular epithelium. Atherosclerosis of the aorta is the primary cause of atherosclerosis. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear.

METHODS: The renal clear cell carcinoma RNA sequence profile was obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, and the atherosclerosis datasets GSE28829 and GSE43292 based on GPL570 and GPL6244 was obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The difference and hub genes were identified by the Limma protein-protein interaction (PPI) network in R software. Functional enrichment, survival, and immunoinfiltration analyses were performed. The role of SEL1L3 in the ErbB/PI3K/mTOR signaling pathway, apoptosis, invasion, cell cycle, and inflammation was analyzed using western blotting.

RESULTS: 764 DEGs were identified from TCGA Kidney Renal Clear Cell Carcinoma (KIRC) dataset. A total of 344 and 117 DEGs were screened from the GSE14762 and GSE53757 datasets, respectively. Functional enrichment analysis results primarily indicated enrichment in the transporter complex, DNA-binding transcription activator activity, morphogenesis of the embryonic epithelium, stem cell proliferation, adrenal overactivity and so on. Fifteen common DEGs overlapped among the three datasets. The PPI network revealed that SEL1L3 was the core gene. Survival analysis showed that lower SEL1L3 expression levels led to a worse prognosis. Immune cell infiltration analysis showed that SEL1L3 expression was significantly correlated with antibody-drug conjugates (aDC), B cells, eosinophils, interstitial dendritic cells (iDC), macrophages, and more.

CONCLUSIONS: SEL1L3 plays an important role in renal clear cell carcinoma and atherosclerosis and may be a potential link between them.},
}

Humans
Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
*Carcinoma, Renal Cell/genetics/pathology
Computational Biology/methods
Gene Expression Profiling/methods
Gene Regulatory Networks
*Kidney Neoplasms/genetics
Transcription Factors/genetics

@article {pmid37978324,
year = {2023},
author = {Stead, Z and Capuano, R and Di Natale, C and Pain, A},
title = {The volatilome signatures of Plasmodium falciparum parasites during the intraerythrocytic development cycle in vitro under exposure to artemisinin drug.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {13},
number = {1},
pages = {20167},
pmid = {37978324},
issn = {2045-2322},
support = {BAS/1/1020-01-01//KAUST faculty baseline fund/ ; BAS/1/1020-01-01//KAUST faculty baseline fund/ ; Giunta Regionale n. G10795//Regione Lazio/ ; Giunta Regionale n. G10795//Regione Lazio/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; Animals ; Plasmodium falciparum ; *Parasites ; *Antimalarials/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; *Volatile Organic Compounds/pharmacology ; Drug Resistance ; *Artemisinins/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; *Malaria, Falciparum/drug therapy/parasitology ; *Malaria/drug therapy ; Protozoan Proteins/pharmacology ; },
abstract = {Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) comprise a diverse range of metabolites with high vapour pressure and low boiling points. Although they have received attention, they are a largely unexplored part of the metabolome. Previous studies have shown that malaria infections produce characteristic, definitive, and detectable volatile signatures. Many transcriptional and metabolic differences are observed at different stages of the parasite Intraerythrocytic Developmental Cycle (IDC) as well as when artemisinin-resistant parasites are put under drug pressure. This prompted our research to characterize whether these responses are reflected at a volatile level in malaria during the IDC stages using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. We investigated whether the resistant P. falciparum parasites would produce their own characteristic volatilome profile compared to near-isogenic wild-type parasite in vitro; firstly at three different stages of the IDC and secondly in the presence or absence of artemisinin drug treatment. Finally, we explored the VOC profiles from two media environments (Human serum and Albumax) of recently lab-adapted field parasite isolates, from Southeast Asia and West/East Africa, compared to long-term lab-adapted parasites. Recognizable differences were observed between IDC stages, with schizonts having the largest difference between wild type and resistant parasites, and with cyclohexanol and 2,5,5-trimethylheptane only present for resistant schizonts. Artemisinin treatment had little effect on the resistant parasite VOC profile, whilst for the wild type parasites compounds ethylbenzene and nonanal were greatly affected. Lastly, differing culturing conditions had an observable impact on parasite VOC profile and clustering patterns of parasites were specific to geographic origin. The results presented here provide the foundation for future studies on VOC based characterization of P. falciparum strains differing in abilities to tolerate artemisinin.},
}

Humans
Animals
Plasmodium falciparum
*Parasites
*Antimalarials/pharmacology/therapeutic use
*Volatile Organic Compounds/pharmacology
Drug Resistance
*Artemisinins/pharmacology/therapeutic use
*Malaria, Falciparum/drug therapy/parasitology
*Malaria/drug therapy
Protozoan Proteins/pharmacology

@article {pmid37922498,
year = {2024},
author = {Maggi, G and Giacobbe, C and Iannotta, F and Santangelo, G and Vitale, C},
title = {Prevalence and clinical aspects of obstructive sleep apnea in Parkinson disease: A meta-analysis.},
journal = {European journal of neurology},
volume = {31},
number = {2},
pages = {e16109},
pmid = {37922498},
issn = {1468-1331},
mesh = {Humans ; Male ; *Parkinson Disease/complications/epidemiology ; Polysomnography ; Prevalence ; *REM Sleep Behavior Disorder/etiology/complications ; *Sleep Apnea, Obstructive/epidemiology/complications ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) frequently occurs in Parkinson Disease (PD), probably caused by upper airway dysfunctions or shared pathogenetic mechanisms. OSA may precede PD diagnosis or worsen throughout its course, but its relationship with clinical features and dopaminergic medication remains unclear. This meta-analysis aimed to provide a reliable estimate of OSA prevalence in the PD population (PD-OSA) and to clarify its clinical associated factors to help clinicians in understanding the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms.

METHODS: A systematic literature search was performed up to April 2023 using the PubMed, Scopus, and PsycINFO databases. Articles were included if they provided data on PD patients with and without OSA. Pooled prevalence for PD-OSA was calculated using the proportions of PD participants diagnosed with OSA. Demographic and clinical features associated with PD-OSA were explored by comparing PD patients with and without OSA.

RESULTS: Seventeen studies were included in the meta-analysis. Pooled OSA prevalence was 45% of a total sample of 1448 PD patients and was associated with older age, male sex, higher body mass index (BMI), more severe motor disturbances and periodic limb movements, reduced risk of rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder, intake of dopamine agonists, and worse excessive daytime sleepiness. No relationship emerged with cognitive functioning and neuropsychiatric manifestations.

CONCLUSIONS: OSA affects nearly half of PD patients as a secondary outcome of predisposing factors such as older age and higher BMI in addition to PD-related motor impairment. Future studies should focus on determining the impact of both clinical features and dopaminergic medication on the development of PD-OSA.},
}

Humans
Male
*Parkinson Disease/complications/epidemiology
Polysomnography
Prevalence
*REM Sleep Behavior Disorder/etiology/complications
*Sleep Apnea, Obstructive/epidemiology/complications

@article {pmid37919558,
year = {2024},
author = {Avatefi, M and HadavandSiri, F and Nazari, SSH and Akbari, ME},
title = {Risk factors of developing contralateral breast cancer after first primary breast cancer treatment.},
journal = {Cancer reports (Hoboken, N.J.)},
volume = {7},
number = {1},
pages = {e1927},
pmid = {37919558},
issn = {2573-8348},
mesh = {Female ; Humans ; *Breast Neoplasms/diagnosis/epidemiology/therapy ; Retrospective Studies ; *Neoplasms, Second Primary/diagnosis/epidemiology/etiology ; Risk Factors ; Proportional Hazards Models ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer among women worldwide. Increased survival of primary BC (PBC) has increased contralateral breast cancer (CBC) and become a health problem.

AIMS: This study aimed to determine the effect of disease-free interval (DFI), risk factors and PBC characteristics on the progression of CBC within primary BC survivors.

METHODS AND RESULTS: This retrospective study identified 5003 women diagnosed with breast cancer between 2000 and 2020 in the cancer research center. The study included 145 CBC and 4858 PBC survivors, with CBC diagnosed at least 6 months after the detection of primary BC. ER+, PR+, and HER2+ were reported in 72.13%, 66.67%, and 30% of CBC patients. Invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) BC was reported in 69.57% of patients, and 81.90% and 83.64% of the patients were treated with adjuvant chemotherapy and external radiotherapy. The Kaplan-Meier method indicated that the median time interval between PBC and CBC was 3.92 years, and the 5-year DFI was 97%. The Cox proportional hazard regression model indicated that although more than half of the participants had no family history of BC (69.57%), women 60 years and older were negatively associated with CBC.

CONCLUSION: This study provides the first investigation of CBC and DFI risk factors among PBC survivors in Iran. Age was found to be negatively associated with CBC development particularly after the age of 60, indicating the necessity of tracking CBC survivors carefully in this age group.},
}

Female
Humans
*Breast Neoplasms/diagnosis/epidemiology/therapy
Retrospective Studies
*Neoplasms, Second Primary/diagnosis/epidemiology/etiology
Risk Factors
Proportional Hazards Models