@article {pmid36335424,
year = {2022},
author = {Mekheal, E and Kania, BE and Kumari, P and Kumar, V and Maroules, M},
title = {Gynecomastia and Malignancy: A Case of Male Invasive Ductal Breast Carcinoma Treated with Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy.},
journal = {The American journal of case reports},
volume = {23},
number = {},
pages = {e937370},
doi = {10.12659/AJCR.937370},
pmid = {36335424},
issn = {1941-5923},
mesh = {Humans ; Male ; Female ; Neoadjuvant Therapy ; *Breast Neoplasms/pathology ; Receptors, Progesterone/therapeutic use ; Receptor, ErbB-2 ; Receptors, Estrogen/therapeutic use ; Mastectomy ; *Breast Neoplasms, Male/surgery ; *Gynecomastia/etiology/drug therapy/surgery ; Estrogens/therapeutic use ; *Carcinoma, Ductal/drug therapy/surgery ; *Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/therapy/drug therapy ; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND Male breast cancer represents a rare malignancy with identifiable risk factors, including genetics, radiation exposure, liver dysfunction, and concomitant diagnosis of Klinefelter syndrome. Gynecomastia can commonly present in these patients, and despite increased estrogen levels in adipose breast tissue, gynecomastia has not been proven to be a significant risk factor for carcinoma development. Male patients with new-onset breast masses are recommended to undergo diagnostic mammograms and breast ultrasound for further evaluation. Those diagnosed with breast cancer most commonly have invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast, and over half of these patients are found to have estrogen and progesterone receptor (ER/PR) positivity. CASE REPORT In this case report, we present a Black man with gynecomastia and an areolar lesion for a 6-month duration following a traumatic event. He was initially referred to the surgical team for further evaluation, and subsequent imaging and biopsy data revealed ER/PR-positive invasive ductal carcinoma. Multidisciplinary discussions were held, and the patient was arranged to begin neoadjuvant treatment with doxorubicin hydrochloride and cyclophosphamide, followed by treatment with paclitaxel (AC-T) chemotherapy, followed by bilateral mastectomy and adjuvant hormonal therapy. CONCLUSIONS The treatment of male breast cancer has remained relatively like that of female breast cancer, which may be due to the limited data in the treatment of male breast cancer. Thus far, studies involving neoadjuvant chemotherapy of female patients have demonstrated promising responses to expand surgical options for patients and possibly decrease the rates of recurrence. Additional studies are warranted to discern optimal therapy for the male patient population.},
}

Humans
Male
Female
Neoadjuvant Therapy
*Breast Neoplasms/pathology
Receptors, Progesterone/therapeutic use
Receptor, ErbB-2
Receptors, Estrogen/therapeutic use
Mastectomy
*Breast Neoplasms, Male/surgery
*Gynecomastia/etiology/drug therapy/surgery
Estrogens/therapeutic use
*Carcinoma, Ductal/drug therapy/surgery
*Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/therapy/drug therapy
Chemotherapy, Adjuvant

@article {pmid35739035,
year = {2022},
author = {Clawson, A and Zahir, SF and Stewart, S and Torr, S and Hempenstall, N and Vernon, C and Subedi, S},
title = {Characteristics and outcomes of hospitalised inpatients with indwelling urinary catheter-a retrospective study from a large regional hospital in Queensland.},
journal = {Infection, disease & health},
volume = {27},
number = {4},
pages = {219-226},
doi = {10.1016/j.idh.2022.05.004},
pmid = {35739035},
issn = {2468-0869},
mesh = {Adult ; Humans ; Urinary Catheters/adverse effects ; Catheters, Indwelling/adverse effects ; Retrospective Studies ; Urinary Catheterization/adverse effects ; *Catheter-Related Infections/epidemiology/etiology ; Inpatients ; Queensland/epidemiology ; *Urinary Tract Infections/epidemiology/etiology ; Hospitals ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Indwelling urinary catheters (IDCs) are a common invasive device in hospitalised patients. Their use is associated with increased risks of developing catheter associated urinary tract infections (CAUTI), and blood stream infections (BSI).

AIMS: To examine the characteristics and outcomes of adult inpatients with an IDC inserted in hospital and identify risk factors for developing CAUTI and BSI.

METHODS: We performed a retrospective observational study of 430 patients with IDC admitted to medical and surgical units of a leading (tertiary) hospital between Nov 2019 till April 2020. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to determine independent risk factors for developing urinary tract infection and blood stream infection.

RESULTS: The prevalence of CAUTI in our study was 7.4%. Results of multiple logistic regression indicated that with each day of IDC in situ, the likelihood of UTI development increased by 9% (OR 1.09; 95% CI 1.00 to 1.18; p = 0.03). Age, gender, and catheter reinsertion were not associated with UTI development.

CONCLUSIONS: Longer duration of IDC was associated with elevated risk of developing CAUTI. CAUTI rates were higher than some of those previously published. There was no statistical significance in frequency of CAUTI between medical and surgical patients. No statistically significant variables that contributed to the development of BSI were found. Interventions targeted at reducing catheter days should be used to improve CAUTI rates.},
}

Adult
Humans
Urinary Catheters/adverse effects
Catheters, Indwelling/adverse effects
Retrospective Studies
Urinary Catheterization/adverse effects
*Catheter-Related Infections/epidemiology/etiology
Inpatients
Queensland/epidemiology
*Urinary Tract Infections/epidemiology/etiology
Hospitals

@article {pmid36338780,
year = {2019},
author = {Lam, JC and Gregson, DB and Robinson, S and Somayaji, R and Welikovitch, L and Conly, JM and Parkins, MD},
title = {Infectious diseases consultation improves key performance metrics in the management of Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia: A multicentre cohort study.},
journal = {Journal of the Association of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Disease Canada = Journal officiel de l'Association pour la microbiologie medicale et l'infectiologie Canada},
volume = {4},
number = {1},
pages = {24-32},
doi = {10.3138/jammi.2018-0036},
pmid = {36338780},
issn = {2371-0888},
abstract = {Background: Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia (SAB) is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. We sought to identify factors associated with infectious diseases consultation (IDC) and understand how IDC associates with SAB patient management and outcomes.

Methods: A multicentre retrospective study was performed between 2012 and 2014 in a large Canadian Health Zone in order to determine factors associated with IDC and performance of key quality of care determinants in SAB management and clinical outcomes. Factors subject to quality of care determinants were established a priori and studied for associations with IDC and 30-day all-cause mortality using multivariable analysis.

Results: Of 961 SAB episodes experienced by 892 adult patients, 605 episodes received an IDC. Patients receiving IDC were more likely to have prosthetic valves and joints and to have community-acquired and known sources of SAB, but increasing age decreased IDC occurrence. IDC was the strongest independent predictor for quality of care performance metrics, including repeat blood cultures and echocardiography. Mortality at 30 days was 20% in the cohort, and protective factors included IDC, achievement of source control, targeted therapy within 48 hours, and follow-up blood cultures but not the performance of echocardiography.

Conclusions: There were significant gaps between the treatments and investigations that patients actually received for SAB and what is considered the optimal management of their condition. IDC is associated with improved attainment of targeted SAB quality of care determinants and reduced mortality rates. Based on our findings, we propose a policy of mandatory IDC for all cases of SAB to improve patient management and outcomes.},
}

@article {pmid36206823,
year = {2022},
author = {Maggi, G and Di Meglio, D and Vitale, C and Amboni, M and Obeso, I and Santangelo, G},
title = {The impact of executive dysfunctions on Theory of Mind abilities in Parkinson's disease.},
journal = {Neuropsychologia},
volume = {176},
number = {},
pages = {108389},
doi = {10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2022.108389},
pmid = {36206823},
issn = {1873-3514},
mesh = {Humans ; *Theory of Mind/physiology ; *Parkinson Disease/complications/psychology ; Neuropsychological Tests ; Executive Function/physiology ; *Cognitive Dysfunction ; },
abstract = {Theory of Mind (ToM) is the ability to infer and reason about others' mental states, a process impaired by Parkinson's disease (PD). ToM performance in PD seems to be strongly related to executive functioning but the exact nature of this relationship is still unclear. We aim to investigate the direct impact of several executive dysfunctions on ToM deficits (Affective and Cognitive ToM) in PD patients. Sixty-eight PD patients underwent neuropsychological tests evaluating executive control such as inhibition, cognitive flexibility, processing speed or working memory and Cognitive and Affective ToM. We divided participants into two groups based on their performance on executive tests: PD patients with poor executive functioning (PD-EF-) and those with preserved executive functioning (PD-EF+). To explore the direct impact of executive subdomains on ToM abilities, two mediation models were executed in the whole sample. We found that PD patients with poor executive functioning reported poorer scores on Affective and Cognitive ToM tasks than PD patients with preserved executive functions, controlling for age and education. Moreover, parallel mediation models, conducted in the whole sample, indicated that performance on phonological fluency mediated the relationships between educational level and both Affective and Cognitive ToM, controlling the effect of other executive tests. These findings further support the idea that executive functions are crucial in ToM processes. Particularly, phonological fluency, whose execution requires both verbal abilities and cognitive flexibility, mediated ToM performance controlling the effect of other executive functions. The identification of neuropsychological processes underpinning ToM abilities might represent a plausible target for cognitive training to strengthen ToM abilities in PD.},
}

Humans
*Theory of Mind/physiology
*Parkinson Disease/complications/psychology
Neuropsychological Tests
Executive Function/physiology
*Cognitive Dysfunction

@article {pmid36308374,
year = {2022},
author = {Gautam, P and Feroz, Z and Tiwari, S and Vijayraghavalu, S and Shukla, GC and Kumar, M},
title = {Investigating the Role of Glutathione S- Transferase Genes, Histopathological and Molecular Subtypes, Gene-Gene Interaction and Its Susceptibility to Breast Carcinoma in Ethnic North- Indian Population.},
journal = {Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP},
volume = {23},
number = {10},
pages = {3481-3490},
doi = {10.31557/APJCP.2022.23.10.3481},
pmid = {36308374},
issn = {2476-762X},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; *Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Case-Control Studies ; Glutathione Transferase/genetics ; Glutathione S-Transferase pi/genetics ; Genotype ; *Breast Neoplasms/epidemiology/genetics ; Glutathione ; Risk Factors ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Breast Cancer (BC) is a genetically and clinically heterogeneous disease including complex interactions between gene-gene and gene-environment components. This study aimed, to explore whether the Glutathione S- transferase (GSTs) gene polymorphism has role in BC susceptibility. We further evaluated the frequency of four subtypes of BC based on molecular classification followed by microscopic histological analysis to study the grades of invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC).

MATERIALS AND METHOD: Polymorphism in GST genes in North-Indian BC patients was assessed by multiplex-PCR and PCR-RFLP methods. 105 BC patients and 145 healthy controls were enrolled for this study. Data was analyzed by calculating the odds ratio (OR) and 95% CI from logistic regression analyses.

RESULTS: Our findings revealed that GSTM1 null genotype (OR = 2.231; 95% CI = 1.332-3.737; p-value= 0.002) is significantly associated to BC risk in ethnic North- Indian population. However, the risk for BC susceptibility in North-Indians does not appear to be associated with GSTT1 null genotype. The GSTP1 (Val/Val) genotype (OR=1.545; CI=0.663-3.605; p-value= 0.314) was also found to be susceptible for BC risk. Combination of three high risk GST genotypes association exhibiting gene-gene interaction further confirmed the increased risk to BC in this region.

CONCLUSIONS: The results of present study indicated that polymorphism in GSTM1 and rs1695 of GSTP1 genes may influence BC development among North-Indian women. Thus, the screening of GSTM1 and GSTP1 gene should be recommended for the earlier investigation for BC as a precautionary measure.},
}

Humans
Female
*Genetic Predisposition to Disease
Case-Control Studies
Glutathione Transferase/genetics
Glutathione S-Transferase pi/genetics
Genotype
*Breast Neoplasms/epidemiology/genetics
Glutathione
Risk Factors

@article {pmid36303871,
year = {2022},
author = {Al-Saoudi, E and Christensen, MMB and Nawroth, P and Fleming, T and Hommel, EE and Jørgensen, ME and Fleischer, J and Hansen, CS},
title = {Advanced glycation end-products are associated with diabetic neuropathy in young adults with type 1 diabetes.},
journal = {Frontiers in endocrinology},
volume = {13},
number = {},
pages = {891442},
pmid = {36303871},
issn = {1664-2392},
mesh = {Young Adult ; Humans ; *Diabetic Neuropathies/complications ; *Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/complications ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; *Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications ; Lipids ; },
abstract = {Aims/hypothesis: Advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) may contribute to the development of diabetic neuropathy. In young adults with type 1 diabetes, we aimed to investigate the association between AGEs and cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (CAN) and distal symmetric polyneuropathy (DSPN).

Methods: This cross-sectional study comprised 151 young adults. CAN was assessed by cardiovascular autonomic reflex tests; lying-to-standing test, deep breathing test (E/I), Valsalva manoeuvre, and heart rate variability indices; and the mean square of the sum of the squares of differences between consecutive R-R intervals and standard deviation of normal-to-normal intervals (SDNN), high- (HF) and low-frequency (LF) power, total frequency power, and the LF/HF ratio. DSPN was assessed by light touch, pain and vibration perception threshold (VPT), neuropathy questionnaires, and objective measures. AGEs were analysed in four groups using z-scores adjusted for relevant confounders and multiple testing: i) "glycolytic dysfunction", ii) "lipid peroxidation", iii) "oxidative stress", and iv) "glucotoxicity".

Results: A higher z-score of "glycolytic dysfunction" was associated with higher VPT (4.14% (95% CI 1.31; 7.04), p = 0.004) and E/I (0.03% (95% CI 0.01; 0.05), p = 0.005), "lipid peroxidation" was associated with higher LF/HF ratio (37.72% (95% CI 1.12; 87.57), p = 0.044), and "glucotoxicity" was associated with lower SDNN (-4.20% (95% CI -8.1416; -0.0896), p = 0.047). No significance remained after adjustment for multiple testing.

Conclusions/interpretations: In young adults with type 1 diabetes, increased levels of AGEs involving different metabolic pathways were associated with several measures of CAN and DSPN, suggesting that AGEs may play a diverse role in the pathogeneses of diabetic neuropathy.},
}

Young Adult
Humans
*Diabetic Neuropathies/complications
*Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/complications
Cross-Sectional Studies
*Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications
Lipids

@article {pmid36284635,
year = {2022},
author = {Zhang, H and Yuan, J and Xiang, Y and Liu, Y},
title = {Comprehensive Analysis of NPSR1-AS1 as a Novel Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarker Involved in Immune Infiltrates in Lung Adenocarcinoma.},
journal = {Journal of oncology},
volume = {2022},
number = {},
pages = {2099327},
doi = {10.1155/2022/2099327},
pmid = {36284635},
issn = {1687-8450},
abstract = {The incidence of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), the most common subtype of lung cancer, continues to make lung cancer the largest cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been shown to have a significant role in both the onset and progression of lung cancer. In this study, we aimed to investigate the clinical significance and underlying mechanism of lncRNA NPSR1-AS1 (NPSR1-AS1) in LUAD. First, we performed an analysis on TCGA and identified 229 differentially expressed lncRNAs (DELs) (including 216 upregulated lncRNAs and 13 downregulated lncRNAs). Then, we carried out a screening of the lncRNAs associated with survival, and a total of 382 survival-related lncRNAs were found. 15 survival-related DELs were identified. Among them, our attention focused on NPSR1-AS1. We found that the expression of NPSR1-AS1 was much higher in LUAD specimens compared to nontumor tissues. According to the results of the ROC assays, high NPSR1-AS1 expression had an AUC value of 0.904 for LUAD, with a 95% confidence interval ranging from 0.881 to 0.927. The expression of NPSR1-AS1 was shown to be significantly elevated in a wide variety of cancers, according to the findings of a pancancer investigation. Functional enrichment analysis confirmed that NPSR1-AS1 was involved in LUAD progression via regulating several tumor-related pathways. Patients with high levels of NPSR1-AS1 expression were shown to have a shorter disease-specific survival (DSS) or overall survival (OS) than those with low levels of NPSR1-AS1 expression, according to the findings of a clinical investigation. It was determined by multivariate analysis that NPSR1-AS1 expressions served as an independent prognostic factor for the overall survival of LUAD patients. The results of immune cell infiltration revealed that the expressions of NPSR1-AS1 were negatively associated with CD8 T cells, pDC, cytotoxic cells, mast cells, iDC, neutrophils, NK CD56dim cells, DC, Th17 cells, Tgd, and macrophages, while they were positively associated with NK CD56bright cells and B cells. Overall, our findings revealed that NPSR1-AS1 could serve as a potential biomarker to assess the clinical outcome and immune infiltration level in LUAD.},
}

@article {pmid36245246,
year = {2022},
author = {Blawski, R and Toska, E},
title = {A Unique FOXA1-Associated Chromatin State Dictates Therapeutic Resistance in Lobular Breast Cancer.},
journal = {Cancer research},
volume = {82},
number = {20},
pages = {3668-3670},
doi = {10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-22-2594},
pmid = {36245246},
issn = {1538-7445},
mesh = {*Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy/genetics/pathology ; *Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology ; *Carcinoma, Lobular/drug therapy/genetics/metabolism ; Chromatin/genetics ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics ; Female ; Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 3-alpha/genetics ; Humans ; Receptors, Estrogen/genetics/metabolism ; Retrospective Studies ; Tamoxifen/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; },
abstract = {Invasive lobular carcinomas (ILC) are the second most common histologic subtype of breast cancer, accounting for up to 15% of cases. ILC is estrogen receptor (ER) positive, yet its biology is distinct from invasive ductal carcinomas (IDC), and retrospective analyses have indicated a poorer outcome with endocrine therapy. In this issue of Cancer Research, Nardone and colleagues investigated the mechanisms of this differential therapy response in ILC, which cannot be solely explained by the genetic profile of these tumors. The authors conducted a thorough examination of the epigenome of ILC compared with IDC in clinical and preclinical models and revealed an alternative chromatin accessibility state in ILC driven by the pioneer factor FOXA1. FOXA1 regulates its own expression in a feed-forward mechanism by binding to an ILC-unique FOXA1 enhancer site. This results in a FOXA1-ER axis that promotes the transcription of genes associated with tumor progression and tamoxifen resistance. Targeting the FOXA1 enhancer region blocks this transcriptional program and inhibits ILC proliferation. These results shed light on a new epigenetic mechanism driving ILC tumor progression and treatment resistance, which may have profound therapeutic implications. See related article by Nardone et al., p. 3673.},
}

*Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy/genetics/pathology
*Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology
*Carcinoma, Lobular/drug therapy/genetics/metabolism
Chromatin/genetics
Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
Female
Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 3-alpha/genetics
Humans
Receptors, Estrogen/genetics/metabolism
Retrospective Studies
Tamoxifen/pharmacology/therapeutic use

@article {pmid35950920,
year = {2022},
author = {Nardone, A and Qiu, X and Spisak, S and Nagy, Z and Feiglin, A and Feit, A and Cohen Feit, G and Xie, Y and Font-Tello, A and Guarducci, C and Hermida-Prado, F and Syamala, S and Lim, K and Munoz Gomez, M and Pun, M and Cornwell, M and Liu, W and Ors, A and Mohammed, H and Cejas, P and Brock, JB and Freedman, ML and Winer, EP and Fu, X and Schiff, R and Long, HW and Metzger Filho, O and Jeselsohn, R},
title = {A Distinct Chromatin State Drives Therapeutic Resistance in Invasive Lobular Breast Cancer.},
journal = {Cancer research},
volume = {82},
number = {20},
pages = {3673-3686},
doi = {10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-21-3186},
pmid = {35950920},
issn = {1538-7445},
support = {5RO1CA237414-02//National Cancer Institute (NCI)/ ; 5RO1CA193910-03//National Cancer Institute (NCI)/ ; 1K08CA191058-01A1//National Cancer Institute (NCI)/ ; },
mesh = {*Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy/genetics/pathology ; *Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology ; *Carcinoma, Lobular/drug therapy/genetics/metabolism ; Chromatin/genetics ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics ; Female ; Humans ; Prognosis ; Receptors, Estrogen/metabolism ; Tamoxifen/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; },
abstract = {Most invasive lobular breast cancers (ILC) are of the luminal A subtype and are strongly hormone receptor-positive. Yet, ILC is relatively resistant to tamoxifen and associated with inferior long-term outcomes compared with invasive ductal cancers (IDC). In this study, we sought to gain mechanistic insights into these clinical findings that are not explained by the genetic landscape of ILC and to identify strategies to improve patient outcomes. A comprehensive analysis of the epigenome of ILC in preclinical models and clinical samples showed that, compared with IDC, ILC harbored a distinct chromatin state linked to gained recruitment of FOXA1, a lineage-defining pioneer transcription factor. This resulted in an ILC-unique FOXA1-estrogen receptor (ER) axis that promoted the transcription of genes associated with tumor progression and poor outcomes. The ILC-unique FOXA1-ER axis led to retained ER chromatin binding after tamoxifen treatment, which facilitated tamoxifen resistance while remaining strongly dependent on ER signaling. Mechanistically, gained FOXA1 binding was associated with the autoinduction of FOXA1 in ILC through an ILC-unique FOXA1 binding site. Targeted silencing of this regulatory site resulted in the disruption of the feed-forward loop and growth inhibition in ILC. In summary, ILC is characterized by a unique chromatin state and FOXA1-ER axis that is associated with tumor progression, offering a novel mechanism of tamoxifen resistance. These results underscore the importance of conducting clinical trials dedicated to patients with ILC in order to optimize treatments in this breast cancer subtype.

SIGNIFICANCE: A unique FOXA1-ER axis in invasive lobular breast cancer promotes disease progression and tamoxifen resistance, highlighting a potential therapeutic avenue for clinical investigations dedicated to this disease. See related commentary by Blawski and Toska, p. 3668.},
}

*Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy/genetics/pathology
*Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology
*Carcinoma, Lobular/drug therapy/genetics/metabolism
Chromatin/genetics
Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
Female
Humans
Prognosis
Receptors, Estrogen/metabolism
Tamoxifen/pharmacology/therapeutic use

@article {pmid36238494,
year = {2022},
author = {Zhao, W and Wu, T and Zhan, J and Dong, Z},
title = {Identification of the Immune Status of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy by Integrated Analysis of Bulk- and Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Data.},
journal = {Computational and mathematical methods in medicine},
volume = {2022},
number = {},
pages = {7153491},
pmid = {36238494},
issn = {1748-6718},
mesh = {Animals ; Biomarkers ; *Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic/genetics/metabolism ; Gene Regulatory Networks ; Mice ; *MicroRNAs ; Sequence Analysis, RNA ; },
abstract = {Objectives: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most common hereditary cardiomyopathy and immune infiltration is considered an indispensable factor involved in its pathogenesis. In this study, we attempted to combine bulk sequencing and single-cell sequencing to map the immune infiltration-related genes in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

Methods: The GSE36961, GSE160997, and GSE122930 datasets were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. The compositional patterns of the 18 types of immune cell fraction and pathway enrichment score in control and HCM patients were estimated based on the GSE36961 cohort using xCell algorithm. The Weighted Gene Coexpression Network Analysis (WGCNA) was performed to identify genes associated with immune infiltration for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. The area under the curve (AUC) value was obtained and used to evaluate the discriminatory ability of common immune-related DEGs. "NetworkAnalyst" platform was used to identify TF-gene and TF-miRNA interaction with identified common genes. Heat map was used to determine the association between common DEGs and various immune cells.

Results: Immune infiltration analysis by the xCell algorithm showed a higher level of CD8+ naive T cells, CD8+ T cells, as well as a lower level of activated dendritic cells (aDC), dendritic cells (DC), immature dendritic cells (iDC), conventional dendritic cells (cDC), macrophages, M1 macrophages, monocytes, and NKT cell in HCM compared with the control group in GSE36961 dataset. aDC, macrophages, and M1 macrophages were the top three discriminators between HCM and control groups with the area under the curve (AUC) of 0.907, 0.867, and 0.941. WGCNA analysis showed that 1258 immune-related genes were included in four different modules. Of these modules, the turquoise module showed a pivotal correlation with HCM. 13 common immune-related DEGs were found by intersecting common DEGs in GSE36961 and GSE160997 datasets with genes from the genes in turquoise module. 5 hub immune-related genes (S100A9, TYROBP, FCER1G, CD14, and S100A8) were identified by protein interaction network. Through analysis of single-cell sequencing data, S100a9, TYROBP, FCER1G, and S100a8 were mainly expressed by infiltrated M1 proinflammatory cells, especially Ccr2-M1 proinflammatory macrophage cells in the heart immune microenvironment while Cd14 was expressed by infiltrated M1 proinflammatory macrophage cells and M2 macrophages in transverse aortic constriction (TAC) mice at 1 week. Higher M2 macrophage and M1 proinflammatory macrophage infiltration as well as lower Ccr2-M1 proinflammatory macrophage and dendritic cells were shown in TAC 1week mice compared with sham mice.

Conclusions: There was a difference in immune infiltration between HCM patients and normal groups. aDC, macrophages, and M1 macrophages were the top three discriminator immune cell subsets between HCM and control groups. S100A9, TYROBP, FCER1G, CD14, and S100A8 were identified as potential biomarkers to discriminate HCM from the control group. S100a9, TYROBP, FCER1G, and S100a8 were mainly expressed by infiltrated M1 proinflammatory cells, especially Ccr2-M1 proinflammatory cells in the heart immune microenvironment while Cd14 was expressed by M2 macrophages in transverse aortic constriction (TAC) mice at 1 week.},
}

Animals
Biomarkers
*Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic/genetics/metabolism
Gene Regulatory Networks
Mice
*MicroRNAs
Sequence Analysis, RNA

@article {pmid36229464,
year = {2022},
author = {Wong, HY and Sheng, Q and Hesterberg, AB and Croessmann, S and Rios, BL and Giri, K and Jackson, J and Miranda, AX and Watkins, E and Schaffer, KR and Donahue, M and Winkler, E and Penson, DF and Smith, JA and Herrell, SD and Luckenbaugh, AN and Barocas, DA and Kim, YJ and Graves, D and Giannico, GA and Rathmell, JC and Park, BH and Gordetsky, JB and Hurley, PJ},
title = {Single cell analysis of cribriform prostate cancer reveals cell intrinsic and tumor microenvironmental pathways of aggressive disease.},
journal = {Nature communications},
volume = {13},
number = {1},
pages = {6036},
pmid = {36229464},
issn = {2041-1723},
support = {T32CA009592//U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (NIH)/ ; 2T32CA009582-32//U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (NIH)/ ; R01CA217987//U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (NIH)/ ; CA214494//U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Cancer Institute (NCI)/ ; R01CA211695-01A1//U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Cancer Institute (NCI)/ ; 5 R01 CA218526-04//U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Cancer Institute (NCI)/ ; 131356-RSG-17-160-01-CSM//American Cancer Society (American Cancer Society, Inc.)/ ; },
mesh = {Apolipoproteins E ; *Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/genetics ; Extracellular Matrix Proteins ; Humans ; Ligands ; Male ; Neoplasm Grading ; *Prostatic Neoplasms/pathology ; RNA ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell ; Single-Cell Analysis ; Tumor Microenvironment/genetics ; },
abstract = {Cribriform prostate cancer, found in both invasive cribriform carcinoma (ICC) and intraductal carcinoma (IDC), is an aggressive histological subtype that is associated with progression to lethal disease. To delineate the molecular and cellular underpinnings of ICC/IDC aggressiveness, this study examines paired ICC/IDC and benign prostate surgical samples by single-cell RNA-sequencing, TCR sequencing, and histology. ICC/IDC cancer cells express genes associated with metastasis and targets with potential for therapeutic intervention. Pathway analyses and ligand/receptor status model cellular interactions among ICC/IDC and the tumor microenvironment (TME) including JAG1/NOTCH. The ICC/IDC TME is hallmarked by increased angiogenesis and immunosuppressive fibroblasts (CTHRC1+ASPN+FAP+ENG+) along with fewer T cells, elevated T cell dysfunction, and increased C1QB+TREM2+APOE+-M2 macrophages. These findings support that cancer cell intrinsic pathways and a complex immunosuppressive TME contribute to the aggressive phenotype of ICC/IDC. These data highlight potential therapeutic opportunities to restore immune signaling in patients with ICC/IDC that may afford better outcomes.},
}

Apolipoproteins E
*Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/genetics
Extracellular Matrix Proteins
Humans
Ligands
Male
Neoplasm Grading
*Prostatic Neoplasms/pathology
RNA
Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell
Single-Cell Analysis
Tumor Microenvironment/genetics

@article {pmid36223973,
year = {2022},
author = {Singh, N and Singh, R and Decker, B and Robins, D and Vidal, G},
title = {Metastatic triple negative breast cancer with NTRK gene fusion on tissue but not on ctDNA molecular profile.},
journal = {BMJ case reports},
volume = {15},
number = {10},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1136/bcr-2022-251656},
pmid = {36223973},
issn = {1757-790X},
mesh = {*Breast Neoplasms/genetics/pathology ; Carcinoma ; *Circulating Tumor DNA/genetics ; Female ; Gene Fusion ; Humans ; Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/genetics ; Protein Kinase Inhibitors ; *Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy/genetics ; },
abstract = {A woman presented to medical oncology with almost 4 years of untreated, slowly progressing, triple negative metastatic breast cancer to the lung. About 15 years prior, she was diagnosed with invasive ductal carcinoma of the right breast with ipsilateral chest wall recurrence 6 years later. Comprehensive molecular profiling of a metastatic lesion detected a hotspot ETV6-NTRK3 fusion, which was not present on circulating tumour DNA or molecular profile performed 4 years prior. A second look pathological examination demonstrated tumour characteristics consistent with secretory breast carcinoma. Identification of ETV6--NKRT3 fusion allowed for treatment with larotrectinib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor specifically indicated for secretory breast carcinoma. After 3 months, she experienced a partial response.},
}

*Breast Neoplasms/genetics/pathology
Carcinoma
*Circulating Tumor DNA/genetics
Female
Gene Fusion
Humans
Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/genetics
Protein Kinase Inhibitors
*Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy/genetics

@article {pmid35880762,
year = {2022},
author = {Billeter, AT and Scheurlen, KM and Israel, B and Straub, BK and Schirmacher, P and Kopf, S and Nawroth, PP and Müller-Stich, BP},
title = {Gastric Bypass Resolves Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease (MAFLD) in Low-BMI Patients: A Prospective Cohort Study.},
journal = {Annals of surgery},
volume = {276},
number = {5},
pages = {814-821},
doi = {10.1097/SLA.0000000000005631},
pmid = {35880762},
issn = {1528-1140},
mesh = {Adipokines ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Blood Glucose/metabolism ; Body Mass Index ; C-Peptide ; *Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications ; *Gastric Bypass ; *Gastrointestinal Hormones/metabolism ; Glucagon ; Glycated Hemoglobin A/metabolism ; Humans ; Insulin ; *Liver Diseases/complications ; Middle Aged ; *Obesity, Morbid/complications/metabolism/surgery ; Prospective Studies ; Sirtuin 1 ; Young Adult ; },
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) reflects the multifactorial pathogenesis of fatty liver disease in metabolically sick patients. The effects of metabolic surgery on MAFLD have not been investigated. This study assesses the impact of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) on MAFLD in a prototypical cohort outside the guidelines for obesity surgery.

METHODS: Twenty patients were enrolled in this prospective, single-arm trial investigating the effects of RYGB on advanced metabolic disease (DRKS00004605). Inclusion criteria were an insulin-dependent type 2 diabetes, body mass index of 25 to 35 kg/m 2 , glucagon-stimulated C-peptide of >1.5 ng/mL, glycated hemoglobin >7%, and age 18 to 70 years. A RYGB with intraoperative liver biopsies and follow-up liver biopsies 3 years later was performed. Steatohepatitis was assessed by expert liver pathologists. Data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon rank sum test and a P value <0.05 was defined as significant.

RESULTS: MAFLD completely resolved in all patients 3 years after RYGB while fibrosis improved as well. Fifty-five percent were off insulin therapy with a significant reduction in glycated hemoglobin (8.45±0.27% to 7.09±0.26%, P =0.0014). RYGB reduced systemic and hepatic nitrotyrosine levels likely through upregulation of NRF1 and its dependent antioxidative and mitochondrial genes. In addition, central metabolic regulators such as SIRT1 and FOXO1 were upregulated while de novo lipogenesis was reduced and β-oxidation was improved in line with an improvement of insulin resistance. Lastly, gastrointestinal hormones and adipokines secretion were changed favorably.

CONCLUSIONS: RYGB is a promising therapy for MAFLD even in low-body mass index patients with insulin-treated type 2 diabetes with complete histologic resolution. RYGB restores the oxidative balance, adipose tissue function, and gastrointestinal hormones.},
}

Adipokines
Adolescent
Adult
Aged
Blood Glucose/metabolism
Body Mass Index
C-Peptide
*Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications
*Gastric Bypass
*Gastrointestinal Hormones/metabolism
Glucagon
Glycated Hemoglobin A/metabolism
Humans
Insulin
*Liver Diseases/complications
Middle Aged
*Obesity, Morbid/complications/metabolism/surgery
Prospective Studies
Sirtuin 1
Young Adult

@article {pmid36178915,
year = {2022},
author = {Mussa, FM and Massawe, HP and Bhalloo, H and Moledina, S and Assenga, E},
title = {Magnitude and associated factors of anti-retroviral therapy adherence among children attending HIV care and treatment clinics in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.},
journal = {PloS one},
volume = {17},
number = {9},
pages = {e0275420},
pmid = {36178915},
issn = {1932-6203},
mesh = {Child ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; *HIV Infections/complications/drug therapy/epidemiology ; Humans ; Odds Ratio ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Tanzania/epidemiology ; },
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: The HIV pandemic continues to contribute significantly towards childhood mortality and morbidity. The up-scaling of the Anti-retroviral therapy (ART) access has seen more children surviving and sanctions great effort be made on ensuring adherence. Adherence is a dynamic process that changes over time and is determined by variable factors. This necessitates the urgency to conduct studies to determine the potential factors affecting adherence in our setting and therefore achieve the 90-90-90 goal of sustainable viral suppression.

OBJECTIVES: To assess the magnitude and associated factors of ART adherence among children (1-14 years) attending HIV care and treatment clinics during the months of July to November 2018 in Dar es Salaam.

METHODS: A cross-sectional clinic-based study, conducted in three selected HIV care and treatment clinics in urban Dar es Salaam; Muhimbili National Hospital (MNH), Temeke Regional Referral Hospital (TRRH), Infectious Disease Centre- DarDar Paediatric Program (IDC-DPP) HIV clinics during the months of July to November 2018. HIV-infected children aged 1-14 years who had been on treatment for at least six months were consecutively enrolled until the sample size was achieved. A structured questionnaire was used for data collection. Four-day self-report, one-month self-recall report and missed clinic appointments were used to assess adherence. Frequencies and percentages were used to describe categorical data. The odds ratio was used to analyse the possible factors affecting ART adherence Logistic regression models were used to determine the factors associated with ART adherence. Analysis was conducted using SPSS version 20.0 and p-value <0.05 were considered statistically significant.

RESULTS: 333 participants were recruited. The overall good adherence (≥95%) was approximated to be 60% (CI-54.3-65.1) when subjected to all three measures. On multivariable logistic regression, factors associated with higher odds of poor adherence were found to be caregivers aged 17-25 years [AOR = 3.5, 95%CI-(1.5-8.4)], children having an inter-current illness [AOR = 10.8, 95%CI-(2.3-50.4)], disbelief in ART effectiveness [AOR = 5.495; 95%CI-(1.669-18.182)] and advanced clinical stage [AOR = 1.972; 95% CI-(1.119-3.484)]. The major reasons reported by caregivers for missing medications included forgetfulness (41%), high pill burden (21%), busy schedule (11%) and long waiting hours at the clinic (9%).

In the urban setting of Dar es Salaam, ART adherence among children was found to be relatively low when combined adherence measures were used. Factors associated with poor ART adherence found were younger aged caregivers, and child intercurrent illness, while factors conferring good adherence were belief in ART effectiveness and lower HIV clinical stage. More attention and support should be given to younger aged caregivers, children with concomitant illness and advanced HIV clinical stages. Educating caregivers on ART effectiveness may also aid in improving adherence.},
}

Child
Cross-Sectional Studies
*HIV Infections/complications/drug therapy/epidemiology
Humans
Odds Ratio
Surveys and Questionnaires
Tanzania/epidemiology

@article {pmid36189356,
year = {2022},
author = {Saeed, U and Piracha, ZZ and Uppal, SR and Waheed, Y and Uppal, R},
title = {SARS-CoV-2 induced hepatic injuries and liver complications.},
journal = {Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology},
volume = {12},
number = {},
pages = {726263},
doi = {10.3389/fcimb.2022.726263},
pmid = {36189356},
issn = {2235-2988},
abstract = {Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), which is resilient, highly pathogenic, and rapidly transmissible. COVID-19 patients have been reported to have underlying chronic liver abnormalities linked to hepatic dysfunction.

Discussion: Viral RNAs are detectable in fecal samples by RT-PCR even after negative respiratory samples, which suggests that SARS-CoV-2 can affect the gastrointestinal tract and the liver. The case fatality rates are higher among the elderly and those with underlying comorbidities such as hypertension, diabetes, liver abnormality, and heart disease. There is insufficient research on signaling pathways. Identification of molecular mechanisms involved in SARS-CoV-2-induced damages to hepatocytes is challenging. Herein, we demonstrated the multifactorial effects of SARS-CoV-2 on liver injury such as psychological stress, immunopathogenesis, systemic inflammation, ischemia and hypoxia, drug toxicity, antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) of infection, and several others which can significantly damage the liver.

Conclusion: During the COVID-19 pandemic, it is necessary for clinicians across the globe to pay attention to SARS-CoV-2-mediated liver injury to manage the rising burden of hepatocellular carcinoma. To face the challenges during the resumption of clinical services for patients with pre-existing liver abnormalities and HCC, the impact of SARS-CoV-2 on hepatocytes should be investigated both in vitro and in vivo.},
}

@article {pmid36175695,
year = {2022},
author = {Silva, FHS and Underwood, A and Almeida, CP and Ribeiro, TS and Souza-Fagundes, EM and Martins, AS and Eliezeck, M and Guatimosim, S and Andrade, LO and Rezende, L and Gomes, HW and Oliveira, CA and Rodrigues, RC and Borges, IT and Cassali, GD and Ferreira, E and Del Puerto, HL},
title = {Transcription factor SOX3 upregulated pro-apoptotic genes expression in human breast cancer.},
journal = {Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England)},
volume = {39},
number = {12},
pages = {212},
pmid = {36175695},
issn = {1559-131X},
support = {05/20160//PRPq UFMG/ ; },
mesh = {*Breast Neoplasms/genetics ; *Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/genetics ; Caspase 3 ; Female ; Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate ; Humans ; RNA, Messenger ; SOXB1 Transcription Factors ; Tumor Suppressor Proteins ; bcl-2-Associated X Protein ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Sex-determining region Y-box 3 (SOX3) protein, a SOX transcriptions factors group, has been identified as a key regulator in several diseases, including cancer. Downregulation of transcriptions factors in invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) can interfere in neoplasia development, increasing its aggressiveness. We investigated SOX3 protein expression and its correlation with apoptosis in the MDA-MB-231 cell line, as SOX3 and Pro-Caspase-3 immunoexpression in paraffin-embedded invasive ductal carcinoma tissue samples from patients (n = 27). Breast cancer cell line MDA-MD-231 transfected with pEF1-SOX3 + and pEF1-Empty vector followed by cytotoxicity assay (MTT), Annexin-V FITC PI for apoptosis percentage assessment by flow cytometry, qPCR for apoptotic-related gene expression, immunofluorescence, and immunohistochemistry to SOX3 immunolocalization in culture cells, and paraffin-embedded invasive ductal carcinoma tissue samples.

RESULTS: Apoptotic rate was higher in cells transfected with pEF1-SOX3 + (56%) than controls (10%). MDA-MB-231 transfected with pEF1-SOX3 + presented upregulation of pro-apoptotic mRNA from CASP3, CASP8, CASP9, and BAX genes, contrasting with downregulation antiapoptotic mRNA from BCL2, compared to non-transfected cells and cells transfected with pEF1-empty vector (p < 0.005). SOX3 protein nuclear expression was detected in 14% (4/27 cases) of ductal carcinoma cases, and pro-Caspase-3 expression was positive in 50% of the cases.

CONCLUSION: Data suggest that SOX3 transcription factor upregulates apoptosis in breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231, and has a down nuclear expression in ductal carcinoma cases, and need to be investigated as a tumor suppressor protein, and its loss of expression and non-nuclear action turn the cells resistant to apoptosis. Further studies are necessary to understand how SOX3 protein regulates the promoter regions of genes involved in apoptosis.},
}

*Breast Neoplasms/genetics
*Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/genetics
Caspase 3
Female
Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate
Humans
RNA, Messenger
SOXB1 Transcription Factors
Tumor Suppressor Proteins
bcl-2-Associated X Protein

@article {pmid36172685,
year = {2022},
author = {Alinezhadi, M and Makvandi, M and Kaydani, GA and Jazayeri, SN and Charostad, J and Talaeizadeh, AT and Angali, KA},
title = {Detection of High-Risk Human Papillomavirus DNA in Invasive Ductal Carcinoma Specimens.},
journal = {Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP},
volume = {23},
number = {9},
pages = {3201-3207},
doi = {10.31557/APJCP.2022.23.9.3201},
pmid = {36172685},
issn = {2476-762X},
mesh = {Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; *Alphapapillomavirus/genetics ; *Breast Neoplasms/genetics ; *Carcinoma, Ductal ; Case-Control Studies ; DNA ; DNA, Viral/genetics ; Female ; *Fibroadenoma/genetics ; Formaldehyde ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Papillomaviridae/genetics ; *Papillomavirus Infections ; Paraffin Embedding ; Young Adult ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: According to several studies, there is an association between human papillomavirus (HPV) and breast cancer. Therefore, detection and genotyping of HPV seem important. The present study aimed to investigate the presence of HPV DNA in breast tissues by analyzing the L1 gene.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: This case-control study was conducted on 63 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues of invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) as the case group and 32 FFPE tissues of fibroadenoma as the control group. HPV DNA was detected using the polymerase chain reaction assay. Positive samples were then subjected to genotyping. All statistical analyses were performed in SPSS version 22.0.

RESULTS: The patients' age ranged from 15 to 92 years, with a mean age of 43.54±16.36 years. HPV DNA was detected in 17/95 (17.89%) samples, including 9/32 (28.12%) fibroadenoma samples and 8/63 (12.69%) IDC samples. No significant difference was observed regarding the presence of HPV DNA between the IDC and fibroadenoma tissues (P=0.08). However, a significant difference was found in the detection of high-risk HPV (HR-HPV) between the case and control groups (P=0.03). In the case group, 87.5% of the detected viruses (7/8 samples) were HR-HPV, while in the control group, 22.22% of positive samples (2/9 samples) were HR-HPV (P=0.03). Based on the results, HR-HPV and low-risk HPV genotypes were detected in 53% (9/17) and 47% (8/17) of positive samples, respectively.

CONCLUSION: In this study, 12.69% of IDC samples were positive for HPV genomes, and HR-HPV was detected in 87.5% of these samples. The present results suggest the important role of HR-HPV in the development of breast cancer.},
}

Adolescent
Adult
Aged
Aged, 80 and over
*Alphapapillomavirus/genetics
*Breast Neoplasms/genetics
*Carcinoma, Ductal
Case-Control Studies
DNA
DNA, Viral/genetics
Female
*Fibroadenoma/genetics
Formaldehyde
Humans
Middle Aged
Papillomaviridae/genetics
*Papillomavirus Infections
Paraffin Embedding
Young Adult

@article {pmid35943964,
year = {2022},
author = {Sorotos, M and Paolini, G and D'Orsi, G and Firmani, G and Timmermans, FW and Santanelli di Pompeo, F},
title = {Oncologic Outcome of 1000 Postmastectomy Breast Reconstructions with Fat Transfer: A Single-Center, Matched Case-Control Study.},
journal = {Plastic and reconstructive surgery},
volume = {150},
number = {},
pages = {4S-12S},
doi = {10.1097/PRS.0000000000009494},
pmid = {35943964},
issn = {1529-4242},
mesh = {Adipose Tissue/pathology ; *Breast Neoplasms/etiology ; Case-Control Studies ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; *Mammaplasty/adverse effects ; Mastectomy/adverse effects ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/epidemiology/etiology/prevention & control ; Retrospective Studies ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Autologous fat transfer has an important role in breast reconstructive surgery. Nevertheless, some concerns remain with regard to its oncologic safety. The authors present a single-center, case-matching study analyzing the impact of autologous fat transfer in the cumulative incidence of local recurrences.

METHODS: From a prospectively maintained database, the authors identified 902 patients who underwent 1025 breast reconstructions from 2005 to 2017. Data regarding demographics, tumor characteristics, surgery details, and follow-up were collected. Exclusion criteria were patients with distant metastases at diagnosis, recurrent tumor, or incomplete data regarding primary tumor; and patients who underwent prophylactic mastectomies and breast-conserving operations. Statistical analysis was conducted to evaluate the impact of the variables on the incidence of local recurrence. A value of p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

RESULTS: After 1: n case-matching, we selected 919 breasts, of which 425 patients (46.2 percent) received at least one autologous fat transfer session versus 494 control cases (53.8 percent). Local recurrences had an overall rate of 6.8 percent, and we found local recurrences in 14 autologous fat transfer cases (3.0 percent) and 54 controls (9.6 percent). Statistical analysis showed that autologous fat transfer did not increase the risk of local recurrences (hazard ratio, 0.337; CI, 0.173 to 0.658; p = 0.00007). Multivariate analysis identified invasive ductal carcinoma subtype and lymph node metastases to have an increased risk of local recurrences (hazard ratio >1). Conversely, positive hormonal receptor status was associated with a reduced risk of events (hazard ratio <1).

CONCLUSIONS: Autologous fat transfer was not associated with a higher probability of locoregional recurrence in patients undergoing breast reconstruction; therefore, it can be safely used for total breast reconstruction or aesthetic refinements.

Risk, II.},
}

Adipose Tissue/pathology
*Breast Neoplasms/etiology
Case-Control Studies
Female
Follow-Up Studies
Humans
*Mammaplasty/adverse effects
Mastectomy/adverse effects
Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/epidemiology/etiology/prevention & control
Retrospective Studies

@article {pmid35606411,
year = {2022},
author = {Shah, RB and Palsgrove, DN and Desai, NB and Gagan, J and Mennie, A and Raj, G and Hannan, R},
title = {Enrichment of "Cribriform" morphologies (intraductal and cribriform adenocarcinoma) and genomic alterations in radiorecurrent prostate cancer.},
journal = {Modern pathology : an official journal of the United States and Canadian Academy of Pathology, Inc},
volume = {35},
number = {10},
pages = {1468-1474},
doi = {10.1038/s41379-022-01093-9},
pmid = {35606411},
issn = {1530-0285},
mesh = {*Adenocarcinoma/genetics/pathology/radiotherapy ; *Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/pathology ; Genomics ; Humans ; Male ; Neoplasm Grading ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/genetics/pathology/radiotherapy ; Prostatectomy ; *Prostatic Neoplasms/genetics/pathology/radiotherapy ; },
abstract = {Locally relapsed prostate cancer (PCa) after radiation therapy (RT) is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. Morphological and molecular consequences that may contribute to RT resistance and local recurrence remain poorly understood. Locally recurrent PCa tissue from 53 patients with clinically localized PCa who failed with primary RT and subsequently underwent salvage radical prostatectomy (RP) was analyzed for tumor focality, clinicopathological, molecular, and genomic characteristics. Targeted next-generation sequencing with full exon coverage of 1,425 cancer-related genes was performed on 10 representative radiorecurrent PCas exhibiting no RT effect with matched adjacent benign prostate tissue. At RP, 37 (70%) of PCas had no RT effect with the following characteristics: grade group (GG) ≥ 3 (70%), unifocal tumor (75%), extraprostatic disease (78%), lymph node metastasis (8%), and "cribriform" morphologies (84%) [cribriform PCa (78%) or intraductal carcinoma (IDC-P) (61%)] at a median percentage of approximately 80% of tumor volume. In the setting of multifocal tumors (25%) at RP, the cribriform morphologies were restricted to index tumors. Of 32 patients with available pre-RT biopsy information, 16 had GG1 PCa, none had cribriform morphologies at baseline but 81% demonstrated cribriform morphologies at RP. Notable alterations detected in the sequenced tumors included: defects in DNA damage response and repair (DDR) genes (70%) (TP53, BRCA2, PALB2, ATR, POLQ), PTEN loss (50%), loss of 8p (80%), and gain of MYC (70%). The median tumor mutational burden was 4.18 mutations/Mb with a range of 2.16 to 31.86. Our findings suggest that most radiorecurrent PCas are enriched in cribriform morphologies with potentially targetable genomic alterations. Understanding this phenotypic and genotypic diversity of radiorecurrent PCa is critically important to facilitate optimal patient management.},
}

*Adenocarcinoma/genetics/pathology/radiotherapy
*Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/pathology
Genomics
Humans
Male
Neoplasm Grading
Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/genetics/pathology/radiotherapy
Prostatectomy
*Prostatic Neoplasms/genetics/pathology/radiotherapy

@article {pmid35590107,
year = {2022},
author = {Bean, GR and Najjar, S and Shin, SJ and Hosfield, EM and Caswell-Jin, JL and Urisman, A and Jones, KD and Chen, YY and Krings, G},
title = {Genetic and immunohistochemical profiling of small cell and large cell neuroendocrine carcinomas of the breast.},
journal = {Modern pathology : an official journal of the United States and Canadian Academy of Pathology, Inc},
volume = {35},
number = {10},
pages = {1349-1361},
pmid = {35590107},
issn = {1530-0285},
mesh = {*Breast Neoplasms/genetics ; *Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating ; *Carcinoma, Large Cell/genetics/pathology ; *Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine/pathology ; Carrier Proteins ; Cell Cycle Proteins ; Class I Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; *Neuroendocrine Tumors/pathology ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/metabolism ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/genetics ; },
abstract = {Neuroendocrine carcinomas (NEC) of the breast are exceedingly rare tumors, which are classified in the WHO system as small cell (SCNEC) and large cell (LCNEC) carcinoma based on indistinguishable features from their lung counterparts. In contrast to lung and enteropancreatic NEC, the genomics of breast NEC have not been well-characterized. In this study, we examined the clinicopathologic, immunohistochemical, and genetic features of 13 breast NEC (7 SCNEC, 4 LCNEC, 2 NEC with ambiguous small versus large cell morphology [ANEC]). Co-alterations of TP53 and RB1 were identified in 86% (6/7) SCNEC, 100% (2/2) ANEC, and 50% (2/4) LCNEC. The one SCNEC without TP53/RB1 alteration had other p53 pathway aberrations (MDM2 and MDM4 amplification) and was immunohistochemically RB negative. PIK3CA/PTEN pathway alterations and ZNF703 amplifications were each identified in 46% (6/13) NEC. Two tumors (1 SCNEC, 1 LCNEC) were CDH1 mutated. By immunohistochemistry, 100% SCNEC (6/6) and ANEC (2/2) and 50% (2/4) LCNEC (83% NEC) showed RB loss, compared to 0% (0/8) grade 3 neuroendocrine tumors (NET) (p < 0.001) and 38% (36/95) grade 3 invasive ductal carcinomas of no special type (IDC-NST) (p = 0.004). NEC were also more often p53 aberrant (60% vs 0%, p = 0.013), ER negative (69% vs 0%, p = 0.005), and GATA3 negative (67% vs 0%, p = 0.013) than grade 3 NET. Two mixed NEC had IDC-NST components, and 69% (9/13) of tumors were associated with carcinoma in situ (6 neuroendocrine DCIS, 2 non-neuroendocrine DCIS, 1 non-neuroendocrine LCIS). NEC and IDC-NST components of mixed tumors were clonally related and immunophenotypically distinct, lacking ER and GATA3 expression in NEC relative to IDC-NST, with RB loss only in NEC of one ANEC. The findings provide insight into the pathogenesis of breast NEC, underscore their classification as a distinct tumor type, and highlight genetic similarities to extramammary NEC, including highly prevalent p53/RB pathway aberrations in SCNEC.},
}

*Breast Neoplasms/genetics
*Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating
*Carcinoma, Large Cell/genetics/pathology
*Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine/pathology
Carrier Proteins
Cell Cycle Proteins
Class I Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/metabolism
Female
Humans
*Neuroendocrine Tumors/pathology
Proto-Oncogene Proteins/metabolism
Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/genetics

@article {pmid36168441,
year = {2022},
author = {Wenger, D and Kurumety, S and Aydi, ZB},
title = {A case report: invasive ductal carcinoma in mosaic Li-Fraumeni syndrome.},
journal = {Journal of surgical case reports},
volume = {2022},
number = {9},
pages = {rjac408},
doi = {10.1093/jscr/rjac408},
pmid = {36168441},
issn = {2042-8812},
abstract = {Li-Fraumeni syndrome (LFS) is a rare autosomal dominant condition caused by pathogenic variants in the TP53 tumor suppressor gene and characterized by a high lifetime risk of various cancers with a very early age of onset. We are presenting a 41-year-old woman with right invasive ductal cancer and no family history of cancers, diagnosed with mosaic LFS confirmed with blood and skin punch biopsy samples. She was treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy, mastectomy and sentinel node biopsy with completion axillary dissection. Adjuvant radiation was not recommended due to increased risk of secondary cancers. She also elected to undergo risk reducing contralateral mastectomy. Further research is warranted to determine the appropriate clinical management and surveillance strategies in patients with mosaic LFS as whether individuals with mosaic LFS have differing cancer risks in comparison to classic germline LFS is unknown.},
}

@article {pmid36107313,
year = {2022},
author = {Walth-Hummel, AA and Herzig, S and Rohm, M},
title = {Nuclear Receptors in Energy Metabolism.},
journal = {Advances in experimental medicine and biology},
volume = {1390},
number = {},
pages = {61-82},
pmid = {36107313},
issn = {0065-2598},
mesh = {Adipose Tissue/metabolism ; *Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/genetics/metabolism ; Energy Metabolism/physiology ; Humans ; *Metabolic Diseases/genetics/metabolism ; Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/genetics/metabolism ; },
abstract = {Nuclear receptors are master regulators of energy metabolism through the conversion of extracellular signals into gene expression signatures. The function of the respective nuclear receptor is tissue specific, signal and co-factor dependent. While normal nuclear receptor function is central to metabolic physiology, aberrant nuclear receptor signaling is linked to various metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity, or hepatic steatosis. Thus, the tissue specific manipulation of nuclear receptors is a major field in biomedical research and represents a treatment approach for metabolic syndrome. This chapter focuses on key nuclear receptors involved in regulating the metabolic function of liver, adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, and pancreatic β-cells. It also addresses the importance of nuclear co-factors for fine-tuning of nuclear receptor function. The mode of action, role in energy metabolism, and therapeutic potential of prominent nuclear receptors is outlined.},
}

Adipose Tissue/metabolism
*Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/genetics/metabolism
Energy Metabolism/physiology
Humans
*Metabolic Diseases/genetics/metabolism
Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/genetics/metabolism

@article {pmid36074318,
year = {2022},
author = {Pellegata, NS and Berriel Diaz, M and Rohm, M and Herzig, S},
title = {Obesity and cancer-extracellular matrix, angiogenesis, and adrenergic signaling as unusual suspects linking the two diseases.},
journal = {Cancer metastasis reviews},
volume = {41},
number = {3},
pages = {517-547},
pmid = {36074318},
issn = {1573-7233},
support = {70115158//Deutsche Krebshilfe/ ; 949017//H2020 European Research Council/ ; Initiative//Helmholtz Association/ ; Networking Fund//Helmholtz Association/ ; AMPro//Helmholtz Future Topic Aging and Metabolic Programming/ ; ZT-0026//Helmholtz Future Topic Aging and Metabolic Programming/ ; 2020 EKSE.23//Else-Kröner-Fresenius-Stiftung/ ; CRC/Transregio 205/2 314061271//DFG/ ; },
mesh = {Adipose Tissue ; *Adrenergic Agents ; Extracellular Matrix ; Humans ; *Neoplasms/epidemiology ; Obesity/complications ; },
abstract = {Obesity is an established risk factor for several human cancers. Given the association between excess body weight and cancer, the increasing rates of obesity worldwide are worrisome. A variety of obesity-related factors has been implicated in cancer initiation, progression, and response to therapy. These factors include circulating nutritional factors, hormones, and cytokines, causing hyperinsulinemia, inflammation, and adipose tissue dysfunction. The impact of these conditions on cancer development and progression has been the focus of extensive literature. In this review, we concentrate on processes that can link obesity and cancer, and which provide a novel perspective: extracellular matrix remodeling, angiogenesis, and adrenergic signaling. We describe molecular mechanisms involved in these processes, which represent putative targets for intervention. Liver, pancreas, and breast cancers were chosen as exemplary disease models. In view of the expanding epidemic of obesity, a better understanding of the tumorigenic process in obese individuals might lead to more effective treatments and preventive measures.},
}

Adipose Tissue
*Adrenergic Agents
Extracellular Matrix
Humans
*Neoplasms/epidemiology
Obesity/complications

@article {pmid35852797,
year = {2022},
author = {Tokura, M and Nakayama, J and Prieto-Vila, M and Shiino, S and Yoshida, M and Yamamoto, T and Watanabe, N and Takayama, S and Suzuki, Y and Okamoto, K and Ochiya, T and Kohno, T and Yatabe, Y and Suto, A and Yamamoto, Y},
title = {Single-Cell Transcriptome Profiling Reveals Intratumoral Heterogeneity and Molecular Features of Ductal Carcinoma In Situ.},
journal = {Cancer research},
volume = {82},
number = {18},
pages = {3236-3248},
doi = {10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-22-0090},
pmid = {35852797},
issn = {1538-7445},
support = {21H02721//Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research/ ; 21K15562//Grant-in-Aid for Early-Career Scientists/ ; 20J01794//Grant-in-Aid for JSPS/ ; 16H06279//JSPS KAKENHI/ ; },
mesh = {Biomarkers ; *Breast Neoplasms/pathology ; *Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology ; *Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/genetics/pathology ; Female ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Humans ; },
abstract = {Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is a precursor to invasive breast cancer. The frequency of DCIS is increasing because of routine mammography; however, the biological features and intratumoral heterogeneity of DCIS remain obscure. To address this deficiency, we performed single-cell transcriptomic profiling of DCIS and invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC). DCIS was found to be composed of several transcriptionally distinct subpopulations of cancer cells with specific functions. Several transcripts, including long noncoding RNAs, were highly expressed in IDC compared with DCIS and might be related to the invasive phenotype. Closeness centrality analysis revealed extensive heterogeneity in DCIS, and the prediction model for cell-to-cell interactions implied that the interaction network among luminal cells and immune cells in DCIS was comparable with that in IDC. In addition, transcriptomic profiling of HER2+ luminal DCIS indicated HER2 genomic amplification at the DCIS stage. These data provide novel insight into the intratumoral heterogeneity and molecular features of DCIS, which exhibit properties similar to IDC.

SIGNIFICANCE: Investigation of the molecular features of ductal carcinoma in situ at single cell resolution provides new insights into breast cancer biology and identifies candidate therapeutic targets and diagnostic biomarkers.},
}

Biomarkers
*Breast Neoplasms/pathology
*Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology
*Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/genetics/pathology
Female
Gene Expression Profiling
Humans

@article {pmid36082773,
year = {2022},
author = {Ryder, JH and Van Schooneveld, TC and Lyden, E and El Ramahi, R and Stohs, EJ},
title = {The interplay of infectious diseases consultation and antimicrobial stewardship in candidemia outcomes: A retrospective cohort study from 2016 to 2019.},
journal = {Infection control and hospital epidemiology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-6},
doi = {10.1017/ice.2022.209},
pmid = {36082773},
issn = {1559-6834},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the need for mandatory infectious diseases consultation (IDC) for candidemia in the setting of antimicrobial stewardship guidance.

DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study from January 2016 to December 2019.

SETTING: Academic quaternary-care referral center.

PATIENTS: All episodes of candidemia in adults (n = 92), excluding concurrent bacterial infection or death or hospice care within 48 hours.

METHODS: Primary outcome was all-cause 30-day mortality. Secondary outcomes included guideline-adherence and treatment choice. Guideline-adherence was assessed with the EQUAL Candida score.

RESULTS: Of 186 episodes of candidemia, 92 episodes in 88 patients were included. Central venous catheters (CVCs) were present in 66 episodes (71.7%) and were the most common infection source (N = 38, 41.3%). The most frequently isolated species was Candida glabrata (40 of 94, 42.6%). IDC was performed in 84 (91.3%) of 92 candidemia episodes. Mortality rates were 20.8% (16 of 77) in the IDC group versus 25% (2 of 8) in the no-IDC group (P = .67). Other comparisons were numerically different but not significant: repeat blood culture (98.8% vs 87.5%; P = .17), echocardiography (70.2% vs 50%; P = .26), CVC removal (91.7% vs 83.3%; P = .45), and initial echinocandin treatment (67.9% vs 50%; P = .44). IDC resulted in more ophthalmology examinations (67.9% vs 12.5%; P = .0035). All patients received antifungal therapy. Antimicrobial stewardship recommendations were performed in 19 episodes (20.7%). The median EQUAL Candida score with CVC was higher with IDC (16 vs 11; P = .001) but not in episodes without CVC (12 vs 11.5; P = .81).

CONCLUSIONS: In the setting of an active antimicrobial stewardship program and high consultation rates, mandatory IDC may not be warranted for candidemia.},
}

@article {pmid35821630,
year = {2022},
author = {Ciudad, P and Escandón, JM and Manrique, OJ and Gutierrez-Arana, J and Mayer, HF},
title = {Lymphedema prevention and immediate breast reconstruction with simultaneous gastroepiploic vascularized lymph node transfer and deep inferior epigastric perforator flap: A case report.},
journal = {Microsurgery},
volume = {42},
number = {6},
pages = {617-621},
doi = {10.1002/micr.30939},
pmid = {35821630},
issn = {1098-2752},
mesh = {*Breast Neoplasms/complications/surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes/blood supply ; *Lymphedema/etiology/prevention & control/surgery ; *Mammaplasty/adverse effects/methods ; Mastectomy/adverse effects ; Middle Aged ; *Perforator Flap/blood supply ; },
abstract = {Breast cancer-related lymphedema following axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) has been documented in 6%-55% of patients, mostly occurring within the next 3 years after radiation or surgery. We present a case of a 53-year-old patient with hormone positive, stage IB, left breast invasive ductal carcinoma treated with immediate lymphatic and microvascular breast reconstruction (MBR) using vascularized lymph node transfer (VLNT) for lymphedema prevention. A deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flap (18.3 × 11.2-cm) and simultaneous prophylactic gastroepiploic-VLNT (7 × 3-cm), orthotopically inset in the axilla, were used for reconstruction following mastectomy and radical ALND. The procedure was uneventful. The patient did not display increased postoperative arm circumferences. ICG lymphography did not show any changes at 2- and 3-years after surgery. Preventive lymphatic reconstruction with GE-VLNT and immediate MBR using the DIEP flap offers a new possibility for the primary prevention of lymphedema and simultaneous immediate autologous breast reconstruction without the risk of iatrogenic lymphedema. Further studies will be directed to unveil the external validity of these findings and the risk reduction rate of this approach.},
}

*Breast Neoplasms/complications/surgery
Female
Humans
Lymph Nodes/blood supply
*Lymphedema/etiology/prevention & control/surgery
*Mammaplasty/adverse effects/methods
Mastectomy/adverse effects
Middle Aged
*Perforator Flap/blood supply

@article {pmid35665642,
year = {2022},
author = {Elangovan, A and Hooda, J and Savariau, L and Puthanmadhomnarayanan, S and Yates, ME and Chen, J and Brown, DD and McAuliffe, PF and Oesterreich, S and Atkinson, JM and Lee, AV},
title = {Loss of E-cadherin Induces IGF1R Activation and Reveals a Targetable Pathway in Invasive Lobular Breast Carcinoma.},
journal = {Molecular cancer research : MCR},
volume = {20},
number = {9},
pages = {1405-1419},
pmid = {35665642},
issn = {1557-3125},
support = {R01CA224909/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States ; P30 CA047904/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States ; R01 CA252378/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States ; SAC110021/KOMEN/Susan G. Komen/United States ; R01CA224909//Breast Cancer Research Foundation/ ; },
mesh = {*Breast Neoplasms/pathology ; Cadherins/genetics/metabolism ; *Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology ; *Carcinoma, Lobular/genetics/metabolism/pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Receptor, IGF Type 1/genetics/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; },
abstract = {No special-type breast cancer [NST; commonly known as invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC)] and invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) are the two major histological subtypes of breast cancer with significant differences in clinicopathological and molecular characteristics. The defining pathognomonic feature of ILC is loss of cellular adhesion protein, E-cadherin (CDH1). We have previously shown that E-cadherin functions as a negative regulator of the IGF1R and propose that E-cadherin loss in ILC sensitizes cells to growth factor signaling that thus alters their sensitivity to growth factor-signaling inhibitors and their downstream activators. To investigate this potential therapeutic vulnerability, we generated CRISPR-mediated CDH1 knockout (CDH1 KO) IDC cell lines (MCF7, T47D, and ZR75.1) to uncover the mechanism by which loss of E-cadherin results in IGF pathway activation. CDH1 KO cells demonstrated enhanced invasion and migration that was further elevated in response to IGF1, serum and collagen I. CDH1 KO cells exhibited increased sensitivity to IGF resulting in elevated downstream signaling. Despite minimal differences in membranous IGF1R levels between wild-type (WT) and CDH1 KO cells, significantly higher ligand-receptor interaction was observed in the CDH1 KO cells, potentially conferring enhanced downstream signaling activation. Critically, increased sensitivity to IGF1R, PI3K, Akt, and MEK inhibitors was observed in CDH1 KO cells and ILC patient-derived organoids.

IMPLICATIONS: Overall, this suggests that these targets require further exploration in ILC treatment and that CDH1 loss may be exploited as a biomarker of response for patient stratification.},
}

*Breast Neoplasms/pathology
Cadherins/genetics/metabolism
*Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology
*Carcinoma, Lobular/genetics/metabolism/pathology
Female
Humans
Receptor, IGF Type 1/genetics/metabolism
Signal Transduction

@article {pmid36012443,
year = {2022},
author = {Kmiecik, A and Ratajczak-Wielgomas, K and Grzegrzółka, J and Romanowicz, H and Smolarz, B and Dziegiel, P},
title = {Expression of NUCB2/NESF-1 in Breast Cancer Cells.},
journal = {International journal of molecular sciences},
volume = {23},
number = {16},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/ijms23169177},
pmid = {36012443},
issn = {1422-0067},
support = {STM.A350.20.064//Wrocław Medical University/ ; },
mesh = {*Breast Neoplasms/genetics/metabolism ; *Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology ; Cytoplasm/metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism ; },
abstract = {Recently, the expression of NUCB2/NESF-1 has been linked to tumor development. We report NUCB2/NESF-1 expression and its relation to clinicopathological parameters in breast cancer cells. Immunohistochemical reactions were conducted on 446 cases of invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) and 36 cases of mastopathy. The expression of NUCB2/NESF-1 was also examined at the mRNA and protein levels in breast cancer cell lines. A statistically significant higher level of NUCB2/NESF-1 in IDC cells was noted compared to that in mastopathy samples. The level of NUCB2 expression in the cytoplasm of IDC cells decreased with the increasing degree of tumor malignancy (G). Higher NUCB2 expression was found in tumors with estrogen receptor (ER)-positive and progesterone receptor (PR)-positive phenotypes compared to that in estrogen-receptor-negative and progesterone-receptor-negative cases. Moreover, a higher expression was shown in ER(+) and PR(+) MCF-7 and T47D cell lines compared to that in triple-negative MDA-MB-468 and normal human breast epithelial cells. The analysis of the five-year survival rate indicated that a positive NUCB2/NESF-1 expression in tumor cells was also associated with longer patient survival. The study results suggest that NUCB2/NESF1 may play an important role in malignant transformation and may be a positive prognostic factor in IDC.},
}

*Breast Neoplasms/genetics/metabolism
*Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology
Cytoplasm/metabolism
Female
Humans
RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism

@article {pmid36002899,
year = {2022},
author = {Molinaro, J and DeVries, P and Ha, J and Knight, JM},
title = {New-onset hallucinations with amiodarone: a case report.},
journal = {Annals of general psychiatry},
volume = {21},
number = {1},
pages = {34},
pmid = {36002899},
issn = {1744-859X},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Amiodarone is a commonly used antiarrhythmic for the treatment of atrial fibrillation with a unique pharmacokinetic profile. While general side effects can be frequently associated with amiodarone, psychiatric adverse reactions to this medication are uncommon. The relationship between amiodarone and hallucinations independent of delirium has been rarely reported in the literature.

CASE PRESENTATION: We report the case of a 63-year-old female with a history of estrogen and progesterone receptor positive invasive ductal carcinoma with osseous metastases to the ribs and skull, major depressive disorder, and unspecified anxiety. She was diagnosed with invasive ductal carcinoma 12 years prior and underwent a lumpectomy with axillary lymph node dissection and radiation, currently maintained on anastrozole and trastuzumab for the past 11 years. Her symptoms of major depressive disorder and anxiety have remained in remission on a regimen of bupropion extended release, duloxetine, and trazodone without recent dose changes. This patient presented to the emergency department with dyspnea and was admitted to the general medical floor with new-onset atrial fibrillation. She was subsequently started on amiodarone for rhythm control. Shortly after its initiation, the patient developed new onset auditory and visual hallucinations with an unremarkable extensive medical evaluation. Auditory hallucinations consisted of music and unintelligible conversations, while visual hallucinations were of a family member crying on the floor and a man carrying a gun. The differential diagnoses included depression with psychotic features, delirium, and amiodarone-induced hallucinations. Given the lack of current depressive symptoms, absence of altered cognition, and the temporal relationship between the initiation of amiodarone and the onset of hallucinations, amiodarone was suspected to be probable etiology of her hallucinations. For this reason, amiodarone was replaced with dronedarone. Visual and auditory hallucinations ceased within less than 3 days after the discontinuation of amiodarone.

CONCLUSIONS: Psychiatric adverse events from amiodarone are uncommon, and associated isolated hallucinations have only been rarely reported in the literature. While the risk of visual and auditory hallucinations appears to be low with amiodarone initiation, clinicians should be aware of this potential side effect.},
}

@article {pmid35982591,
year = {2022},
author = {Kovalenko, I and Roy, P and Soni, B and Sangha, L and Toom, S},
title = {Secretory Carcinoma of the Breast Mimicking Invasive Ductal Carcinoma: A Case Report.},
journal = {The American journal of case reports},
volume = {23},
number = {},
pages = {e936665},
doi = {10.12659/AJCR.936665},
pmid = {35982591},
issn = {1941-5923},
mesh = {*Breast Neoplasms/diagnosis/genetics/therapy ; *Carcinoma/pathology ; *Carcinoma, Ductal/genetics/surgery ; *Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/diagnosis/therapy ; Female ; Humans ; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence/methods ; Mastectomy ; Translocation, Genetic ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND Secretory breast carcinoma (SBC), an extremely rare malignancy, is related to a chromosomal translocation which leads to an ETV6-NTRK3 fusion mutation. SBC is characterized by eosinophilic secretions and is usually triple-negative, with a small number of patients demonstrating ER-positivity of the tumors. Diagnosis can be challenging and requires genomic testing for confirmation. CASE REPORT A 40-year-old woman presented with a breast mass found on mammography. She underwent an ultrasound-guided biopsy of the tumor. Initial pathology evaluation revealed features consistent with invasive ductal carcinoma. The immunochemistry report described an ER-positive, PR-negative, and HER2-negative tumor. The specimen was sent for oncotype scoring, which was not performed due to the specimen not meeting the criteria for invasive ductal carcinoma and displaying pathological features of SBC. A fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) study revealed ETV6 translocation, consistent with the diagnosis of SBC. The patient underwent lumpectomy followed by adjuvant radiotherapy and endocrine therapy. She remains in complete remission 3 years after treatment. CONCLUSIONS Accurately diagnosing SBC is of extreme importance as it has an indolent clinical course, but has a favorable prognosis if detected early. Due to nonspecific imaging findings, pathology evaluation with immunohistochemical staining followed by genomic testing is required. Our case highlights the challenges associated with SBC diagnosis requiring genomic testing due to equivocal pathological findings, along with increasing incidence of SBT in adults. There are no established guidelines for SBC management. The mainstay of treatment is partial or total mastectomy. Data on the benefits of adjuvant endocrine therapy, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy are inconclusive.},
}

*Breast Neoplasms/diagnosis/genetics/therapy
*Carcinoma/pathology
*Carcinoma, Ductal/genetics/surgery
*Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/diagnosis/therapy
Female
Humans
In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence/methods
Mastectomy
Translocation, Genetic

@article {pmid35384456,
year = {2022},
author = {Bhaludin, BN and Tunariu, N and Koh, DM and Messiou, C and Okines, AF and McGrath, SE and Ring, AE and Parton, MM and Sharma, B and Gagliardi, T and Allen, SD and Pope, R and Johnston, SRD and Downey, K},
title = {A review on the added value of whole-body MRI in metastatic lobular breast cancer.},
journal = {European radiology},
volume = {32},
number = {9},
pages = {6514-6525},
pmid = {35384456},
issn = {1432-1084},
mesh = {*Bone Neoplasms/secondary ; *Breast Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging ; *Carcinoma, Lobular/diagnostic imaging ; Female ; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods ; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography/methods ; Positron-Emission Tomography/methods ; Whole Body Imaging/methods ; },
abstract = {Invasive lobular breast carcinomas (ILC) account for approximately 15% of breast cancer diagnoses. They can be difficult to diagnose both clinically and radiologically, due to their infiltrative growth pattern. The pattern of metastasis of ILC is unusual, with spread to the serosal surfaces (pleura and peritoneum), retroperitoneum and gastrointestinal (GI)/genitourinary (GU) tracts and a higher rate of leptomeningeal spread than IDC. Routine staging and response assessment with computed tomography (CT) can be undertaken quickly and measurements can be reproduced easily, but this is challenging with metastatic ILC as bone-only/bone-predominant patterns are frequently seen and assessment of the disease status is limited in these scenarios. Functional imaging such as whole-body MRI (WBMRI) allows the assessment of bone and soft tissue disease by providing functional information related to differences in cellular density between malignant and benign tissues. A number of recent studies have shown that WBMRI can detect additional sites of disease in metastatic breast cancer (MBC), resulting in a change in systemic anti-cancer therapy. Although WBMRI and fluorodeoxyglucose-positron-emission tomography-computed tomography (FDG-PET/CT) have a comparable performance in the assessment of MBC, WBMRI can be particularly valuable as a proportion of ILC are non-FDG-avid, resulting in the underestimation of the disease extent. In this review, we explore the added value of WBMRI in the evaluation of metastatic ILC and compare it with other imaging modalities such as CT and FDG-PET/CT. We also discuss the spectrum of WBMRI findings of the different metastatic sites of ILC with CT and FDG-PET/CT correlation. KEY POINTS: • ILC has an unusual pattern of spread compared to IDC, with metastases to the peritoneum, retroperitoneum and GI and GU tracts, but the bones and liver are the commonest sites. • WBMRI allows functional assessment of metastatic disease, particularly in bone-only and bone-predominant metastatic cancers such as ILC where evaluation with CT can be challenging and limited. • WBMRI can detect more sites of disease compared with CT, can reveal disease progression earlier and provides the opportunity to change ineffective systemic treatment sooner.},
}

*Bone Neoplasms/secondary
*Breast Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging
*Carcinoma, Lobular/diagnostic imaging
Female
Fluorodeoxyglucose F18
Humans
Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods
Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography/methods
Positron-Emission Tomography/methods
Whole Body Imaging/methods

@article {pmid35963427,
year = {2022},
author = {Brecklinghaus, T and Albrecht, W and Duda, J and Kappenberg, F and Gründler, L and Edlund, K and Marchan, R and Ghallab, A and Cadenas, C and Rieck, A and Vartak, N and Tolosa, L and Castell, JV and Gardner, I and Halilbasic, E and Trauner, M and Ullrich, A and Zeigerer, A and Turgunbayer, ÖD and Damm, G and Seehofer, D and Rahnenführer, J and Hengstler, JG},
title = {In vitro/in silico prediction of drug induced steatosis in relation to oral doses and blood concentrations by the Nile Red Assay.},
journal = {Toxicology letters},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.toxlet.2022.08.006},
pmid = {35963427},
issn = {1879-3169},
abstract = {The accumulation of lipid droplets in hepatocytes is a key feature of drug-induced liver injury (DILI) and can be induced by a subset of hepatotoxic compounds. In the present study, we optimized and evaluated an in vitro technique based on the fluorescent dye Nile Red, further named Nile Red assay to quantify lipid droplets induced by the exposure to chemicals. The Nile Red assay and a cytotoxicity test (CTB assay) were then performed on cells exposed concentration-dependently to 60 different compounds. Of these, 31 were known to induce hepatotoxicity in humans, and 13 were reported to also cause steatosis. In order to compare in vivo relevant blood concentrations, pharmacokinetic models were established for all compounds to simulate the maximal blood concentrations (Cmax) at therapeutic doses. The results showed that several hepatotoxic compounds induced an increase in lipid droplets at sub-cytotoxic concentrations. To compare how well (1) the cytotoxicity test alone, (2) the Nile Red assay alone, and (3) the combination of the cytotoxicity test and the Nile Red assay (based on the lower EC10 of both assays) allow the differentiation between hepatotoxic and non-hepatotoxic compounds, a previously established performance metric, the Toxicity Separation Index (TSI) was calculated. In addition, the Toxicity Estimation Index (TEI) was calculated to determine how well blood concentrations that cause an increased DILI risk can be estimated for hepatotoxic compounds. Our findings indicate that the combination of both assays improved the TSI and TEI compared to each assay alone. In conclusion, the study demonstrates that inclusion of the Nile Red assay into in vitro test batteries may improve the prediction of DILI compounds.},
}

@article {pmid35958350,
year = {2022},
author = {Fujita, K and Okamura, M and Imakita, T and Yamamoto, Y and Sawai, S and Moriyoshi, K and Mio, T},
title = {Natural course of pulmonary hyalinizing granuloma over a decade.},
journal = {Respiratory medicine case reports},
volume = {39},
number = {},
pages = {101715},
doi = {10.1016/j.rmcr.2022.101715},
pmid = {35958350},
issn = {2213-0071},
abstract = {Background: Pulmonary hyalinizing granuloma (PHG) is a very rare pulmonary disease characterized by multiple fibrosclerotic inflammatory lung nodules. The disease is supposedly caused by an unusual immune response.

Case presentation: We present a case involving a 53-year-old female with a history of lumpectomy surgery due to invasive ductal carcinoma who was admitted for slowly progressive pulmonary nodules. The patient's elevated serum IgG4 level and the pathological findings obtained in surgical biopsy indicated IgG4-related lung disease. The nodules continued to enlarge despite administration of corticosteroid therapy, and we performed a second surgical biopsy to obtain a correct diagnosis. The pathological findings obtained in the second biopsy were different and consistent with the features of PHG.

Conclusions: In this report, the radiological follow-up data obtained after lumpectomy surgery demonstrate the very early stage of PHG and the following radiological changes over a decade, and the two surgical biopsies support us to realize the pathological change from previous diagnosed disease before PHG.},
}

@article {pmid35945526,
year = {2022},
author = {Xu, A and Chu, X and Zhang, S and Zheng, J and Shi, D and Lv, S and Li, F and Weng, X},
title = {Development and validation of a clinicoradiomic nomogram to assess the HER2 status of patients with invasive ductal carcinoma.},
journal = {BMC cancer},
volume = {22},
number = {1},
pages = {872},
pmid = {35945526},
issn = {1471-2407},
support = {2021KY1161 and 2022KY1316//Medical and Health Research Project of Zhejiang Province/ ; 2021ZA138//Zhejiang Province Chinese Medicine Science Research Fund Project/ ; },
mesh = {Bayes Theorem ; *Breast Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging/genetics ; *Carcinoma, Ductal ; China ; Female ; Humans ; Ki-67 Antigen ; Nomograms ; Retrospective Studies ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The determination of HER2 expression status contributes significantly to HER2-targeted therapy in breast carcinoma. However, an economical, efficient, and non-invasive assessment of HER2 is lacking. We aimed to develop a clinicoradiomic nomogram based on radiomics scores extracted from multiparametric MRI (mpMRI, including ADC-map, T2W1, DCE-T1WI) and clinical risk factors to assess HER2 status.

METHODS: We retrospectively collected 214 patients with pathologically confirmed invasive ductal carcinoma between January 2018 to March 2021 from Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, and randomly divided this cohort into training set (n = 128, 42 HER2-positive and 86 HER2-negative cases) and validation set (n = 86, 28 HER2-positive and 58 HER2-negative cases) at a ratio of 6:4. The original and transformed pretherapy mpMRI images were treated by semi-automated segmentation and manual modification on the DeepWise scientific research platform v1.6 (http://keyan.deepwise.com/), then radiomics feature extraction was implemented with PyRadiomics library. Recursive feature elimination (RFE) based on logistic regression (LR) and LASSO regression were adpoted to identify optimal features before modeling. LR, Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA), support vector machine (SVM), random forest (RF), naive Bayesian (NB) and XGBoost (XGB) algorithms were used to construct the radiomics signatures. Independent clinical predictors were identified through univariate logistic analysis (age, tumor location, ki-67 index, histological grade, and lymph node metastasis). Then, the radiomics signature with the best diagnostic performance (Rad score) was further combined with significant clinical risk factors to develop a clinicoradiomic model (nomogram) using multivariate logistic regression. The discriminative power of the constructed models were evaluated by AUC, DeLong test, calibration curve, and decision curve analysis (DCA).

RESULTS: 70 (32.71%) of the enrolled 214 cases were HER2-positive, while 144 (67.29%) were HER2-negative. Eleven best radiomics features were retained to develop 6 radiomcis classifiers in which RF classifier showed the highest AUC of 0.887 (95%CI: 0.827-0.947) in the training set and acheived the AUC of 0.840 (95%CI: 0.758-0.922) in the validation set. A nomogram that incorporated the Rad score with two selected clinical factors (Ki-67 index and histological grade) was constructed and yielded better discrimination compared with Rad score (p = 0.374, Delong test), with an AUC of 0.945 (95%CI: 0.904-0.987) in the training set and 0.868 (95%CI: 0.789-0.948; p = 0.123) in the validation set. Moreover, calibration with the p-value of 0.732 using Hosmer-Lemeshow test demonstrated good agreement, and the DCA verified the benefits of the nomogram.

CONCLUSION: Post largescale validation, the clinicoradiomic nomogram may have the potential to be used as a non-invasive tool for determination of HER2 expression status in clinical HER2-targeted therapy prediction.},
}

Bayes Theorem
*Breast Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging/genetics
*Carcinoma, Ductal
China
Female
Humans
Ki-67 Antigen
Nomograms
Retrospective Studies

@article {pmid35932126,
year = {2022},
author = {Yaltirik Bilgin, E and Unal, O and Ciledag, N},
title = {Vasogenic Edema Pattern in Brain Metastasis.},
journal = {Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons--Pakistan : JCPSP},
volume = {32},
number = {8},
pages = {1020-1025},
doi = {10.29271/jcpsp.2022.08.1020},
pmid = {35932126},
issn = {1681-7168},
mesh = {Brain/pathology ; *Brain Edema/diagnostic imaging/etiology ; *Brain Neoplasms/complications/diagnostic imaging/pathology ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Edema/etiology ; Humans ; *Lung Neoplasms/complications ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods ; Retrospective Studies ; },
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To determine the relationship of the presence and amount of vasogenic edema with origin, type, and grade of primary cancer.

STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional study.

PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY: Dr. Abdurrahman Yurtaslan Ankara Oncology Training and Research Hospital, Radiology Clinic, Ankara, Turkey, from July 2017 to October 2021.

METHODOLOGY: Brain MRI scans of 292 patients were retrospectively evaluated. Age, gender, origin, type, and grade of primary cancer were determined. Metastasis type, and presence of vasogenic edema accompanying metastatic lesion were questioned. In cases of vasogenic edema accompanying metastatic lesions, the largest diameter of the vasogenic edema mass complex was measured in T2 sequences. In the contrast-enhanced series, the largest diameter of the metastatic lesion was measured, and the edema-mass ratio (EMR) was calculated by proportioning the diameter of the edema mass complex to the diameter of the mass.

RESULTS: The frequency of vasogenic edema was found higher in patients with lung cancer compared to other primaries. The EMR was found statistically significantly higher in patients with primary lung cancer (p=0.001). This was particularly evident in the adenocarcinoma group. In the patient group with primary breast cancer, EMR was found significantly lower in patients with invasive ductal carcinoma. (IDC→1.95±0.66 vs. Other→2.48±0.52, Z=-2.301, p=0.021).

CONCLUSION: The amount and presence of vasogenic edema in patients with brain metastases may differ according to the origin and type of primary tumour.

KEY WORDS: Brain edema, Metastatic disease, Magnetic resonance imaging.},
}

Brain/pathology
*Brain Edema/diagnostic imaging/etiology
*Brain Neoplasms/complications/diagnostic imaging/pathology
Cross-Sectional Studies
Edema/etiology
Humans
*Lung Neoplasms/complications
Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods
Retrospective Studies

@article {pmid35538300,
year = {2022},
author = {D'Iorio, A and Baiano, C and Maraucci, G and Vitale, C and Amboni, M and Santangelo, G},
title = {A longitudinal study on the effects of COVID-19 pandemic on non-motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease.},
journal = {Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology},
volume = {43},
number = {8},
pages = {4605-4609},
pmid = {35538300},
issn = {1590-3478},
mesh = {Aged ; Anhedonia ; *COVID-19 ; Humans ; Longitudinal Studies ; Pandemics ; *Parkinson Disease/complications/diagnosis/epidemiology ; Quality of Life/psychology ; },
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: The COVID-19 pandemic led to psychological consequences on people's mental health, representing a condition of increased vulnerability for the weakest sections of population, including elderly patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). This longitudinal study aimed at exploring the impact of the most frequent non-motor symptoms and their contribute on health-related quality of life of PD patients after the COVID-19 outbreak, in comparison with the pre-pandemic status.

METHODS: Forty-two non-demented PD patients underwent a first assessment between December 2018 and January 2020 (T0). Then, between March and May 2021 (T1), they were contacted again and asked to complete the second assessment. Levels of global functioning, several non-motor symptoms (i.e. depression, apathy, anxiety, anhedonia) and health-related quality of life were investigated.

RESULTS: Results of the the paired Wilcoxon signed-rank test showed that at T1, PD patients scored lower on the emotional subscale of the DAS, Z = - 2.49; p = 0.013; Cohen dz = 0.691. Higher scores of the TEPS total score, Z = - 2.38; p = 0.025; Cohen dz = 0.621, and LEDD, Z = - 2.63; p = 0.008; Cohen dz = 0.731, were also reported at T1.

CONCLUSION: The present study suggested that self-isolation at home might lead to a reduction of apathy and anhedonia in PD patients due to the increase in social support provided by families during COVID-19 restrictions. This evidence brings out the need of a consistent and persistent social support which might be represented by caregivers or/and social assistive robotics.},
}

Aged
Anhedonia
*COVID-19
Humans
Longitudinal Studies
Pandemics
*Parkinson Disease/complications/diagnosis/epidemiology
Quality of Life/psychology

@article {pmid35907957,
year = {2022},
author = {Oehler, D and Spychala, A and Gödecke, A and Lang, A and Gerdes, N and Ruas, J and Kelm, M and Szendroedi, J and Westenfeld, R},
title = {Full-length transcriptomic analysis in murine and human heart reveals diversity of PGC-1α promoters and isoforms regulated distinctly in myocardial ischemia and obesity.},
journal = {BMC biology},
volume = {20},
number = {1},
pages = {169},
pmid = {35907957},
issn = {1741-7007},
support = {236177352- SFB 1116//Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft/ ; },
mesh = {Alternative Splicing ; Animals ; Humans ; Mice ; *Myocardial Ischemia/genetics ; Obesity/genetics ; Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator 1-alpha/genetics/metabolism ; Protein Isoforms/genetics ; RNA, Messenger/metabolism ; *Transcriptome ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 alpha (PGC-1α) acts as a transcriptional coactivator and regulates mitochondrial function. Various isoforms are generated by alternative splicing and differentially regulated promoters. In the heart, total PGC-1α deficiency knockout leads to dilatative cardiomyopathy, but knowledge on the complexity of cardiac isoform expression of PGC-1α remains sparse. Thus, this study aims to generate a reliable dataset on cardiac isoform expression pattern by long-read mRNA sequencing, followed by investigation of differential regulation of PGC-1α isoforms under metabolic and ischemic stress, using high-fat-high-sucrose-diet-induced obesity and a murine model of myocardial infarction.

RESULTS: Murine (C57Bl/6J) or human heart tissue (obtained during LVAD-surgery) was used for long-read mRNA sequencing, resulting in full-length transcriptomes including 58,000 mRNA isoforms with 99% sequence accuracy. Automatic bioinformatic analysis as well as manual similarity search against exonic sequences leads to identification of putative coding PGC-1α isoforms, validated by PCR and Sanger sequencing. Thereby, 12 novel transcripts generated by hitherto unknown splicing events were detected. In addition, we postulate a novel promoter with homologous and strongly conserved sequence in human heart. High-fat diet as well as ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury transiently reduced cardiac expression of PGC-1α isoforms, with the most pronounced effect in the infarcted area. Recovery of PGC-1α-isoform expression was even more decelerated when I/R was performed in diet-induced obese mice.

CONCLUSIONS: We deciphered for the first time a complete full-length transcriptome of the murine and human heart, identifying novel putative PGC-1α coding transcripts including a novel promoter. These transcripts are differentially regulated in I/R and obesity suggesting transcriptional regulation and alternative splicing that may modulate PGC-1α function in the injured and metabolically challenged heart.},
}

Alternative Splicing
Animals
Humans
Mice
*Myocardial Ischemia/genetics
Obesity/genetics
Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator 1-alpha/genetics/metabolism
Protein Isoforms/genetics
RNA, Messenger/metabolism
*Transcriptome

@article {pmid35906698,
year = {2022},
author = {Lee, S and Osmanbeyoglu, HU},
title = {Chromatin accessibility landscape and active transcription factors in primary human invasive lobular and ductal breast carcinomas.},
journal = {Breast cancer research : BCR},
volume = {24},
number = {1},
pages = {54},
pmid = {35906698},
issn = {1465-542X},
support = {R00CA207871/BC/NCI NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {*Breast Neoplasms/genetics/pathology ; *Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/genetics/pathology ; *Carcinoma, Lobular/genetics/pathology ; Chromatin/genetics ; Female ; Humans ; Transcription Factors/genetics ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Invasive lobular breast carcinoma (ILC), the second most prevalent histological subtype of breast cancer, exhibits unique molecular features compared with the more common invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC). While genomic and transcriptomic features of ILC and IDC have been characterized, genome-wide chromatin accessibility pattern differences between ILC and IDC remain largely unexplored.

METHODS: Here, we characterized tumor-intrinsic chromatin accessibility differences between ILC and IDC using primary tumors from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) breast cancer assay for transposase-accessible chromatin with sequencing (ATAC-seq) dataset.

RESULTS: We identified distinct patterns of genome-wide chromatin accessibility in ILC and IDC. Inferred patient-specific transcription factor (TF) motif activities revealed regulatory differences between and within ILC and IDC tumors. EGR1, RUNX3, TP63, STAT6, SOX family, and TEAD family TFs were higher in ILC, while ATF4, PBX3, SPDEF, PITX family, and FOX family TFs were higher in IDC.

CONCLUSIONS: This study reveals the distinct epigenomic features of ILC and IDC and the active TFs driving cancer progression that may provide valuable information on patient prognosis.},
}

*Breast Neoplasms/genetics/pathology
*Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/genetics/pathology
*Carcinoma, Lobular/genetics/pathology
Chromatin/genetics
Female
Humans
Transcription Factors/genetics

@article {pmid35909232,
year = {2022},
author = {Yang, ZJ and Liu, YX and Huang, Y and Chen, ZJ and Zhang, HZ and Yu, Y and Wang, X and Cao, XC},
title = {The regrouping of Luminal B (HER2 negative), a better discriminator of outcome and recurrence score.},
journal = {Cancer medicine},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1002/cam4.5089},
pmid = {35909232},
issn = {2045-7634},
support = {81372843//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 81472472//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 81502518//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Breast cancer (BC) remains the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. High recurrence risk Luminal BC receives adjuvant chemotherapy in addition to standard hormone therapy. Considering the heterogeneity of Luminal B BC, a more accurate classification model is urgently needed.

METHODS: In this study, we retrospectively reviewed the data of 1603 patients who were diagnosed with HER2-negative breast invasive ductal carcinoma. According to the expression level of PR and Ki-67 index, the Luminal B (HER2-negative) BCs were divided into three groups: ER+PR-Ki67low (ER-positive, PR-negative, and Ki-67 index <20%), ER+PR+Ki67high (ER-positive, PR-positive, and Ki-67 index ≥20%), and ER+PR-Ki67high (ER-positive, PR-negative, and Ki-67 index ≥20%). The cox proportional hazards regression model was used to evaluate the correlation between each variable and outcomes. Besides, discriminatory accuracy of the models was compared using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve and log-rank χ2 value.

RESULTS: The analysis results showed that there was a significant correlation between subtypes using this newly defined classification and overall survival (p < 0.001) and disease-free survival (DFS) (p < 0.001). Interestingly, patients in the ER+PR-Ki67high subgroup have the worst survival outcome in Luminal B (HER2-negative) subtype, similar to Triple-negative patients. Besides, the ER+PR+Ki67high has worse 5-year DFS compared with Luminal A group. There was a significant relationship between the regrouping subtype and the recurrence score index (RI) (p < 0.001). Moreover, the results showed that patients in ER+PR-Ki67high subtype were more likely to have high RI for distance recurrence (RI-DR) and local recurrence (RI-LRR). Our newly defined classification has a better discrimination ability to predict survival outcome and recurrence score of Luminal B (HER2-negative) BC patients, which may help in clinical decision-making for individual treatment.},
}

@article {pmid35898837,
year = {2023},
author = {Suzuki, Y and Hoshi, K and Tominaga, K and Inaba, Y and Yoshinaga, T and Kojimahara, S and Maki, R and Nemoto, R and Tetsuka, Y and Kawata, Y and Yamamiya, A and Sugaya, T and Iso, Y and Takada-Owada, A and Ishida, K and Goda, K and Irisawa, A},
title = {A case of obstructive jaundice caused by metastasis of breast cancer to the intra/extrahepatic bile duct.},
journal = {DEN open},
volume = {3},
number = {1},
pages = {e144},
doi = {10.1002/deo2.144},
pmid = {35898837},
issn = {2692-4609},
abstract = {A 38-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital for a detailed examination of jaundice. Three years before, she had undergone a right total mastectomy and axillary lymph node dissection of her right breast because of cancer. Histopathological evaluation revealed invasive ductal carcinoma. Postoperatively, because multiple bone metastases were found, she underwent chemoradiotherapy. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography was performed, which revealed widespread multiple stenoses with a smooth surface from the intrahepatic to the extrahepatic bile duct. A transpapillary biliary biopsy was performed. Histopathological examination revealed adenocarcinoma extending into the subepithelium of the bile duct. The obtained cancer cells were similar to those of the earlier invasive breast cancer. This rare case demonstrates bile duct metastasis of breast cancer with specific endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography findings.},
}

@article {pmid35866222,
year = {2022},
author = {Khanam, R and Islam, S and Rahman, S and Ahmed, S and Islam, A and Hasan, T and Hasan, E and Chowdhury, NH and Roy, AD and Jaben, IA and Nehal, AA and Yoshida, S and Manu, AA and Raqib, R and McCollum, ED and Shahidullah, M and Jehan, F and Sazawal, S and Bahl, R and Baqui, AH},
title = {Sero-prevalence and risk factors for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 infection in women and children in a rural district of Bangladesh: A cohort study.},
journal = {Journal of global health},
volume = {12},
number = {},
pages = {05030},
doi = {10.7189/jogh.12.05030},
pmid = {35866222},
issn = {2047-2986},
mesh = {Antibodies, Viral ; Bangladesh/epidemiology ; *COVID-19/epidemiology ; Child ; Cohort Studies ; Communicable Disease Control ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Seroepidemiologic Studies ; },
abstract = {Background: Bangladesh reported its first COVID-19 case on March 8, 2020. Despite lockdowns and promoting behavioural interventions, as of December 31, 2021, Bangladesh reported 1.5 million confirmed cases and 27 904 COVID-19-related deaths. To understand the course of the pandemic and identify risk factors for SARs-Cov-2 infection, we conducted a cohort study from November 2020 to December 2021 in rural Bangladesh.

Methods: After obtaining informed consent and collecting baseline data on COVID-19 knowledge, comorbidities, socioeconomic status, and lifestyle, we collected data on COVID-like illness and care-seeking weekly for 54 weeks for women (n = 2683) and their children (n = 2433). Between March and July 2021, we tested all participants for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies using ROCHE's Elecsys® test kit. We calculated seropositivity rates and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) separately for women and children. In addition, we calculated unadjusted and adjusted relative risk (RR) and 95% CI of seropositivity for different age and risk groups using log-binomial regression models.

Results: Overall, about one-third of women (35.8%, 95% CI = 33.7-37.9) and one-fifth of children (21.3%, 95% CI = 19.2-23.6) were seropositive for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. The seroprevalence rate doubled for women and tripled for children between March 2021 and July 2021. Compared to women and children with the highest household wealth (HHW) tertile, both women and children from poorer households had a lower risk of infection (RR, 95% CI for lowest HHW tertile women (0.83 (0.71-0.97)) and children (0.75 (0.57-0.98)). Most infections were asymptomatic or mild. In addition, the risk of infection among women was higher if she reported chewing tobacco (RR = 1.19,95% CI = 1.03-1.38) and if her husband had an occupation requiring him to work indoors (RR = 1.16, 95% CI = 1.02-1.32). The risk of infection was higher among children if paternal education was >5 years (RR = 1.37, 95% CI = 1.10-1.71) than in children with a paternal education of ≤5 years.

Conclusions: We provided prospectively collected population-based data, which could contribute to designing feasible strategies against COVID-19 tailored to high-risk groups. The most feasible strategy may be promoting preventive care practices; however, collecting data on reported practices is inadequate. More in-depth understanding of the factors related to adoption and adherence to the practices is essential.},
}

Antibodies, Viral
Bangladesh/epidemiology
*COVID-19/epidemiology
Child
Cohort Studies
Communicable Disease Control
Female
Humans
Male
Prevalence
Risk Factors
SARS-CoV-2
Seroepidemiologic Studies

@article {pmid35864546,
year = {2022},
author = {Zhu, S and Zhao, J and Nie, L and Yin, W and Zhang, Y and Zhao, F and Ni, Y and Zhang, X and Wang, Z and Dai, J and Liu, Z and Chen, J and Zeng, Y and Wang, Z and Sun, G and Liang, J and Zhao, X and Zhu, X and Tao, R and Yang, J and He, B and Chen, N and Shen, P and Zeng, H},
title = {Homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) score in aggressive prostatic adenocarcinoma with or without intraductal carcinoma of the prostate (IDC-P).},
journal = {BMC medicine},
volume = {20},
number = {1},
pages = {237},
pmid = {35864546},
issn = {1741-7015},
support = {81902577//The Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 2021SCU12014//The Research Foundation for the Postdoctoral Program of Sichuan University/ ; },
mesh = {*Adenocarcinoma/genetics/pathology ; *Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/genetics/pathology ; Homologous Recombination/genetics ; Humans ; Male ; Prostate/pathology ; *Prostatic Neoplasms/pathology ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Intraductal carcinoma of the prostate (IDC-P) is a subtype of prostate cancer featured by poor prognosis. Previous studies suggested IDC-P could have a potentially unstable genome. Homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) score is a result-oriented method to describe the genomic instability status. This study investigates the association of HRD scores with IDC-P and other clinicopathological factors and the prognostic implication of HRD scores in an aggressive prostate cancer cohort.

METHODS: This study involved 123 PCa patients, including high-risk localized (M0) and de novo metastatic (M1) diseases. HRD score is calculated based on over 10,000 single-nucleotide polymorphisms distributed across the human genome. We explored the association between HRD scores and clinicopathological characteristics, genomic alterations, and patients' prognoses using rank-sum tests, chi-square tests, Kaplan-Meier curves, and Cox proportional hazards method.

RESULTS: The median HRD score of this cohort is 21.0, with 65 (52.8%) patients showing HRD score≥21. Tumors with IDC-P displayed higher HRD scores than adenocarcinoma (P=0.002); other high HRD score-related factors included M1 (P =0.008) and high ISUP grades (4-5) (P=0.001). MYC mutations were associated with high HRD scores (P<0.001) in the total cohort. TP53 mutations (P=0.010) and HRR pathway mutations (P=0.028) corresponded to high HRD scores in IDC-P positive and non-IDC-P patients, respectively, but not vice versa. HRD scores higher than 21 indicated significantly worse survival in the total cohort.

CONCLUSIONS: M1, high Gleason score, and IDC-P pathology represent higher HRD scores in PCa. Tumors with IDC-P might have different driven mechanisms for high HRD scores than non-IDC-P. HRD score displayed prognostic value in this aggressive prostate cancer cohort.},
}

*Adenocarcinoma/genetics/pathology
*Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/genetics/pathology
Homologous Recombination/genetics
Humans
Male
Prostate/pathology
*Prostatic Neoplasms/pathology

@article {pmid35855704,
year = {2022},
author = {Bhatia, JK and Chaudhary, T and Boruah, D and Bharadwaj, R},
title = {Study of angiogenesis in invasive breast carcinoma by morphometry and immunohistochemistry.},
journal = {Medical journal, Armed Forces India},
volume = {78},
number = {3},
pages = {345-354},
pmid = {35855704},
issn = {0377-1237},
abstract = {Background: Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in Asia and is emerging as the commonest female malignancy. Angiogenesis or neovascularization is important for the growth and spread of malignant tumors, and quantitative assessment of angiogenesis may prove valuable in prognostication. This study was undertaken to quantify and explore angiogenesis with immunohistochemistry with CD 34, CD 105, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), as well as morphometric analysis and correlate with the grades of the invasive breast carcinoma.

Methods: Angiogenesis was assessed by morphometry and immunohistochemistry. Seventy cases of invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) and twenty-five benign cases as controls were included in the study. Morphometry was performed on the CD34 and CD105 (Endoglin) stained representative histologic sections with the use of a computerized digital photomicrograph system using image analyzing software. Morphometric analysis and evaluation of vascular parameters, i.e. microvessel density (MVD), microvessel caliber (VC), and total microvessel boundary density (TVBD), were calculated. Semiquantitative assessment of angiogenesis of VEGF-stained sections was done by scoring. Immunohistochemical staining was correlated with the histological grade of the tumors. MVD, mean VC, TVBD with their mean values, SD, and range were calculated using Statistical Package for The Social Sciences (Version 20). One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Tukey HSD was performed to assess the difference of the parameters for the groups. Spearman rank correlation coefficients ρ were calculated.

Results: The vascular parameters were significantly more in malignant lesions as compared to benign lesions and showed differences with increasing grade. Grades of breast carcinoma showed a mild positive correlation with VEGF (ρ = 0.467), MVD-CD34 (ρ = 0.422) and VC-CD34 (ρ = 0.482); and moderate positive correlation with TVBD-CD34 (ρ = 0.615), VC-CD105 (ρ = 0.527), and TVBD-CD105 (ρ = 0.354). When these parameters were compared with each other for all four groups, VEGF showed a mild positive correlation with MVD-CD34 (ρ = 0.295), TVBD-CD34 (ρ = 0.339), and TVBD-CD105 ((ρ = 0.277). MVD-CD105 showed a mild positive correlation with MVD-CD34 TVBD-CD105 also showed a strong positive correlation with MVD-CD34. VC-CD105 showed a moderate positive correlation with VC-CD34. CD 105 stained fewer but larger caliber vessels.

Conclusions: In this study, vascular parameters showed significant differences in three grades of IDC with CD34. Differences were seen in vascular parameters stained with CD105 in three grades of IDC. Expression of VEGF also showed significant differences with positive correlations in the three grades of IDC. CD34 highlighted both old and newly formed microvessels. CD 105 stained fewer but larger caliber microvessels. VC-CD105 can be an extremely useful adjunct along with VEGF and CD34 to study angiogenesis of vessels in IDC.},
}

@article {pmid35855193,
year = {2022},
author = {Somashekhar, SP and Jaiswal, R and Kumar, R and Ashok, BC and Rakshit, S and Rauthan, A and Patil, P and Yashas, N and Karthik, HK and Prasad, A and Islam, H and Ashwin, KR},
title = {An Overview of the Impact of Body Mass Index on Pathological Complete Response Following Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Operable Breast Cancer in a Tertiary Care Centre in South India.},
journal = {European journal of breast health},
volume = {18},
number = {3},
pages = {271-278},
pmid = {35855193},
issn = {2587-0831},
abstract = {Objective: The incidence of female breast cancer in the world is 11.7% with a mortality rate of 6.9%. According to Globocon 2020, breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer (24.5%) and the leading cause of cancer-related death amongst women worldwide. The purpose of this study was to analyze the impact of Body Mass Index (BMI) on pathological complete response (pCR) rates for operable breast cancer after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT). The primary endpoint was to assess histopathological features of the surgical specimen in response to NACT and to investigate the relationship with pre-chemotherapy BMI taking into account the various molecular subtypes of breast cancer.

Materials and Methods: Patients with biopsy-proven breast carcinoma who underwent surgery after NACT between January 2017 and May 2021 were included. All patients were initially divided into three groups depending on their pre-chemotherapy BMI. With BMI <22.9 as normal or underweight category, BMI of 23-27.4, was taken as overweight category and BMI ≥27.5 as obese category.

Results: The study included 184 patients. Normal weight patients had the highest rate of pCR (75%) and the lowest was seen in the obese category (33.75%). Furthermore, the subtype most likely to achieve pCR was HER2+/ER negative followed by triple negative BC with odds ratios of 3.46 and 2.21, respectively.

Conclusion: This retrospective study established that overweight and obese patients suffering from breast carcinoma had a lessened pCR rate following NACT in comparison with those who were under-/normal weight.},
}

@article {pmid35842661,
year = {2022},
author = {Zhang, WT and Zhu, GL and Xu, WQ and Zhang, W and Wang, HZ and Wang, YB and Li, YX},
title = {Association of PD-1/PD-L1 expression and Epstein--Barr virus infection in patients with invasive breast cancer.},
journal = {Diagnostic pathology},
volume = {17},
number = {1},
pages = {61},
pmid = {35842661},
issn = {1746-1596},
support = {No.2008085QH408//Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province/ ; No.81874063//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; },
mesh = {B7-H1 Antigen/metabolism ; Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis ; *Breast Neoplasms ; *Epstein-Barr Virus Infections/complications ; Female ; Herpesvirus 4, Human ; Humans ; Ligands ; Prognosis ; Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor ; },
abstract = {PURPOSE: Causative factors of breast cancer include infections, such as Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection. The aim of this study was to analyze the clinicopathological features of EBV-positive (IBC) and determine if EBV affects programmed cell death receptor 1 (PD-1)/PD ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression in IBC, similar to other EBV-infected tumors with PD-L1/PD-1 expression.

METHODS: We collected 140 samples of IBC tissues and 25 samples of adjacent tissues. All patients were followed-up by telephone from the day of surgery to December 2020. Chromogenic in-situ hybridization was performed to evaluate EBV-encoded RNA (EBER). Immunohistochemistry was performed to evaluate PD-L1 and PD-1 expressions. The correlation between PD1/PDL1 expression and clinicopathological features was also analyzed.

RESULTS: EBER was detected in 57 of 140 (40.7%) IBC tissues and not detected in any adjacent tissue (P < 0.05). Clinicopathologic features of patients were consistent with EBV-associated IBC. EBV infection was correlated with the mass size, menopausal status, axillary lymph node metastasis, vascular invasion, Ki-67 index, clinical stage, and estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor expressions (all P < 0.05), but not with the histological type, invasive ductal carcinoma histological grade, or human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) expression (all P > 0.05). The positive rate of PD-1/PD-L1 expression was higher in the EBV-positive group than in the EBV-negative group (P < 0.05). The Kaplan-Meier univariate survival analysis showed that EBV was associated with poor disease-free survival and overall survival in patients with IBC. PD-L1/PD-1 expression could predict a poor prognosis.

CONCLUSIONS: In this study, clinicopathologic characteristics of patients were consistent with EBV-infected IBC. Patients with EBV-positive breast cancer were more likely to have elevated PD-1/PDL-1 expression compared to those with EBV-negative breast cancer. This finding could serve as a basis to explore therapeutic targets, particularly immunotherapy, for patients with IBC.},
}

B7-H1 Antigen/metabolism
Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis
*Breast Neoplasms
*Epstein-Barr Virus Infections/complications
Female
Herpesvirus 4, Human
Humans
Ligands
Prognosis
Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor

@article {pmid35661214,
year = {2022},
author = {Sulaj, A and Kopf, S and von Rauchhaupt, E and Kliemank, E and Brune, M and Kender, Z and Bartl, H and Cortizo, FG and Klepac, K and Han, Z and Kumar, V and Longo, V and Teleman, A and Okun, JG and Morgenstern, J and Fleming, T and Szendroedi, J and Herzig, S and Nawroth, PP},
title = {Six-Month Periodic Fasting in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Diabetic Nephropathy: A Proof-of-Concept Study.},
journal = {The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism},
volume = {107},
number = {8},
pages = {2167-2181},
pmid = {35661214},
issn = {1945-7197},
support = {236360313-SFB 1118//German Research Foundation/ ; //Deutsches Zentrum für Diabetesforschung/ ; 82DZD07C2G//Diabetes Research/ ; 236360313-SFB 1118//Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft/ ; },
mesh = {Albuminuria/etiology ; Biomarkers ; Creatinine ; DNA/therapeutic use ; *Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy ; *Diabetic Nephropathies/etiology ; Fasting ; Humans ; *Insulin Resistance ; Lipids ; Receptors, Urokinase Plasminogen Activator ; },
abstract = {CONTEXT: Novel fasting interventions have gained scientific and public attention. Periodic fasting has emerged as a dietary modification promoting beneficial effects on metabolic syndrome.

OBJECTIVE: Assess whether periodic fasting reduces albuminuria and activates nephropathy-driven pathways.

DESIGN/PARTICIPANTS: Proof-of-concept study where individuals with type 2 diabetes (n = 40) and increased albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) were randomly assigned to receive a monthly fasting-mimicking diet (FMD) or a Mediterranean diet for 6 months with 3-month follow-up.

MAIN OUTCOMES MEASURES: Change in ACR was assessed by analysis of covariance adjusted for age, sex, weight loss, and baseline value. Prespecified subgroup analysis for patients with micro- vs macroalbuminuria at baseline was performed. Change in homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), circulating markers of dicarbonyl detoxification (methylglyoxal-derived hydroimidazolone 1, glyoxalase-1, and hydroxyacetone), DNA-damage/repair (phosphorylated histone H2AX), lipid oxidation (acylcarnitines), and senescence (soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor) were assessed as exploratory endpoints.

RESULTS: FMD was well tolerated with 71% to 95% of the participants reporting no adverse effects. After 6 months, change in ACR was comparable between study groups [110.3 (99.2, 121.5) mg/g; P = 0.45]. FMD led to a reduction of ACR in patients with microalbuminuria levels at baseline [-30.3 (-35.7, -24.9) mg/g; P ≤ 0.05] but not in those with macroalbuminuria [434.0 (404.7, 463.4) mg/g; P = 0.23]. FMD reduced HOMA-IR [-3.8 (-5.6, -2.0); P ≤ 0.05] and soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor [-156.6 (-172.9, -140.4) pg/mL; P ≤ 0.05], while no change was observed in markers of dicarbonyl detoxification or DNA-damage/repair. Change in acylcarnitines was related to patient responsiveness to ACR improvement. At follow-up only HOMA-IR reduction [-1.9 (-3.7, -0.1), P ≤ 0.05]) was sustained.

CONCLUSIONS: Improvement of microalbuminuria and of markers of insulin resistance, lipid oxidation, and senescence suggest the potential beneficial effects of periodic fasting in type 2 diabetes.},
}

Albuminuria/etiology
Biomarkers
Creatinine
DNA/therapeutic use
*Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy
*Diabetic Nephropathies/etiology
Fasting
Humans
*Insulin Resistance
Lipids
Receptors, Urokinase Plasminogen Activator

@article {pmid35834927,
year = {2022},
author = {Syamsu, SA and Setiady, R and Smaradania, N and Prihantono, and Irsandy, F and Faruk, M},
title = {Synchronous breast cancer and non-Hodgkin lymphoma: A case report.},
journal = {International journal of surgery case reports},
volume = {97},
number = {},
pages = {107398},
doi = {10.1016/j.ijscr.2022.107398},
pmid = {35834927},
issn = {2210-2612},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Among women, breast cancer (BC) is the most prevalent type of cancer and the top cause of cancer deaths. Although non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is the most prevalent hematological cancer, it is rarely reported synchronous with BC. Moreover, which malignancy appears first can rarely be explained because they are usually detected incidentally while diagnosing and treating other malignancies. This paper reports a case of invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) concomitant with NHL.

PRESENTATION OF CASE: A 35-year-old woman presented with simultaneous IDC in the left breast and NHL in a lymph node in the neck. The patient underwent a modified radical mastectomy for stage IIIA IDC and received rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (R-CHOP) chemotherapy for stage I NHL.

CLINICAL DISCUSSION: Treating BC and NHL remains challenging due to their significantly different management, the lack of guidelines for treating BC and lymphoma simultaneously, and uncertainty about whether synchronous tumors should be treated separately as distinct clinical entities or as one disease with treatment covering both. Therefore, the best approach continues to be focusing on the most biologically aggressive malignancies.

CONCLUSION: The enlargement of lymph nodes not in the lymphatic drainage of the primary tumor should be suspected of indicating multiple primary malignancies until proven otherwise. For patients with luminal-B BC, NHL chemotherapy can involve receiving the R-CHOP regimen, including doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide, which can help to mitigate BC.},
}

@article {pmid35804316,
year = {2022},
author = {Chang, C and Zhu, J and Li, H and Yang, Q},
title = {Enhanced magnetic resonance imaging manifestations of paediatric intervertebral disc calcification combined with ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament: case report and literature review.},
journal = {BMC pediatrics},
volume = {22},
number = {1},
pages = {400},
pmid = {35804316},
issn = {1471-2431},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Since the first description of paediatric intervertebral disc calcification (IDC) by Báron in 1924, only approximately 400 cases have been reported in the literature. Paediatric IDC combined with ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) is an even rarer condition, with only 8 cases described in detail to date. In this paper, we present a review of the disease characteristics described in the relevant English language literature and discuss the possible mechanisms of lesion enhancement in contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

CASE PRESENTATION: In May 2020, a 6-year-old Han nationality girl presented with the chief complaint of neck pain that had lasted for a week. She did not report a history of trauma or a past illness. On admission, there was no personal and family history, congenital diseases, or non-specific infections such as tuberculosis, among others. Further physical examination revealed that the movement of her cervical spine was limited. Computed tomography (CT) and MRI revealed ossification of the intervertebral discs and posterior longitudinal ligament (PLL) at the C4/5 levels and an absence of obvious spinal cord compression. When contrast-enhanced MRI was performed, significant enhancement was observed in the intervertebral discs and PLL at the C4/5 level. We adopted a non-interventional approach and performed an imaging re-examination 8 months later. Both the plain and contrast-enhanced MRI scans indicated swelling in the C4/5 intervertebral discs and disappearance of the previously observed enhancement in the nucleus pulposus (NP) and PLL at the corresponding levels; CT examination revealed that the ossified lesions had been completely resorbed.

CONCLUSION: Obvious lesion enhancement in contrast-enhanced MRI is an extremely rare manifestation of paediatric IDC combined with OPLL. However, the exact mechanisms of this phenomenon remain unclear. We surmise that it may be caused by a series of biophysical changes related to vertebral endplate injury and repair, but further research will be required for in-depth investigation.},
}

@article {pmid35695563,
year = {2022},
author = {Agostinetto, E and Nader-Marta, G and Paesmans, M and Ameye, L and Veys, I and Buisseret, L and Neven, P and Taylor, D and Fontaine, C and Duhoux, FP and Canon, JL and Denys, H and Coussy, F and Chakiba, C and Ribeiro, JM and Piccart, M and Desmedt, C and Ignatiadis, M and Aftimos, P},
title = {ROSALINE: a phase II, neoadjuvant study targeting ROS1 in combination with endocrine therapy in invasive lobular carcinoma of the breast.},
journal = {Future oncology (London, England)},
volume = {18},
number = {22},
pages = {2383-2392},
doi = {10.2217/fon-2022-0358},
pmid = {35695563},
issn = {1744-8301},
mesh = {*Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy/genetics/pathology ; Cadherins ; *Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology ; *Carcinoma, Lobular/drug therapy/pathology ; Clinical Trials, Phase II as Topic ; Female ; Humans ; Neoadjuvant Therapy ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/therapeutic use ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins ; Receptor, ErbB-2/genetics/metabolism ; },
abstract = {Invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) is the most common histologic subtype of breast cancer after invasive ductal carcinoma (i.e., no special type [NST]). ILC differs from NST in clinical presentation, site-specific metastases and response to conventional therapies. Loss of E-cadherin protein expression, due to alterations in its encoding gene CDH1, is the most frequent oncogenic event in ILC. Synthetic lethality approaches have shown promising antitumor effects of ROS1 inhibitors in models of E-cadherin-defective breast cancer in in vivo studies and provide the rationale for testing their clinical activity in patients with ILC. Entrectinib is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor targeting TRK, ROS1 and ALK tyrosine kinases. Here, the authors present ROSALINE (NCT04551495), a phase II study testing neoadjuvant entrectinib and endocrine therapy in women with estrogen receptor-positive, HER2-negative early ILC.},
}

*Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy/genetics/pathology
Cadherins
*Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology
*Carcinoma, Lobular/drug therapy/pathology
Clinical Trials, Phase II as Topic
Female
Humans
Neoadjuvant Therapy
Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/therapeutic use
Proto-Oncogene Proteins
Receptor, ErbB-2/genetics/metabolism

@article {pmid35397740,
year = {2022},
author = {Ensenyat-Mendez, M and Rünger, D and Orozco, JIJ and Le, J and Baker, JL and Weidhaas, J and Marzese, DM and DiNome, ML},
title = {Epigenetic Signatures Predict Pathologic Nodal Stage in Breast Cancer Patients with Estrogen Receptor-Positive, Clinically Node-Positive Disease.},
journal = {Annals of surgical oncology},
volume = {29},
number = {8},
pages = {4716-4724},
pmid = {35397740},
issn = {1534-4681},
support = {CP17/00188//European Regional Development Fund/ ; PI19/01514)//European Regional Development Fund/ ; UL1TR000124UCLA//CTSI UCLA/ ; },
mesh = {Axilla/pathology ; *Breast Neoplasms/genetics/metabolism/surgery ; Epigenesis, Genetic ; Female ; Humans ; Lymph Node Excision ; Lymph Nodes/pathology ; Lymphatic Metastasis/pathology ; Receptors, Estrogen/metabolism ; Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy/methods ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Breast cancer patients with clinically positive nodes who undergo upfront surgery are often recommended for axillary lymph node dissection (ALND), yet more than half are found to have limited nodal disease (≤ 3 positive nodes, pN1) at surgery. In this study, we examined the efficiency of molecular classifiers in stratifying patients with clinically positive nodes to pN1 versus > pN1 disease.

METHODS: We evaluated the clinical and epigenetic data of patients in The Cancer Genome Atlas with estrogen receptor-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative invasive ductal carcinoma who underwent ALND for node-positive disease. Patients were divided into control (pN1, ≤ 3 positive nodes) and case (> pN1, > 3 positive nodes) groups. Machine learning algorithms were trained on 50% of the cohort and validated on the remaining 50% to identify DNA methylation signatures that predict > pN1 disease. Clinical variables and epigenetic signatures were compared.

RESULTS: Controls (n = 34) and case (n = 24) cohorts showed similar mean age (56.4 ± 12.2 vs. 57.6 ± 16.7 years; p = 0.77), number of nodes removed (16.1 ± 7.3 vs. 17.5 ± 6.2; p = 0.45), tumor grade (p = 0.76), presence of lymphovascular invasion (p = 0.18), extranodal extension (p = 0.17), tumor laterality (p = 0.89), and tumor location (p = 0.42). The mean number of positive nodes was significantly different (1.76 ± 0.82, pN1; 8.83 ± 5.36, > pN1; p < 0.001). Three epigenetic signatures (EpiSig14, EpiSig13, EpiSig10) based on DNA methylation patterns of the primary tumors demonstrated high accuracy in predicting > pN1 disease (area under the curve 0.98).

CONCLUSIONS: Epigenetic signatures have an excellent diagnostic accuracy for stratifying nodal disease in patients with clinically positive nodes. Validation of this tool is warranted and may provide an accurate and cost-effective method of identifying patients with predicted low nodal burden who could be spared the morbidity of ALND.},
}

Axilla/pathology
*Breast Neoplasms/genetics/metabolism/surgery
Epigenesis, Genetic
Female
Humans
Lymph Node Excision
Lymph Nodes/pathology
Lymphatic Metastasis/pathology
Receptors, Estrogen/metabolism
Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy/methods

@article {pmid35776197,
year = {2022},
author = {Rakshit, S and Sunny, JS and George, M and Hanna, LE and Leela, KV and Sarkar, K},
title = {T helper cell-mediated epitranscriptomic regulation via m6A RNA methylation bridges link between coronary artery disease and invasive ductal carcinoma.},
journal = {Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {35776197},
issn = {1432-1335},
support = {ECR/2016/000965//Science and Engineering Research Board/ ; },
abstract = {PURPOSE: Invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) and coronary artery disease (CAD), remains the greatest cause of death annually in women, driven by complex signalling pathways and shared several predisposing risk factors together. Therefore, it is important to find out the common epigenetic modifications which are responsible for possible disease progression from CAD to IDC.

METHODS: CD4+T cell isolation by MACS, RT2 profiler PCR array, Gene ontology study, m6A RNA methylation, ChIP-qPCR, Q-PCR, CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout/overexpression, Lactate dehydrogenase release assay, RDIP-qPCR.

RESULTS: We have identified several epigenetic regulators (e.g., VEGFA, AIMP1, etc.) which are mainly involved in inflammatory pathways in both the diseased conditions. Epitranscriptomic alterations such as m6A RNA methylation found abnormal in CD4+T helper cells in both IDC as well as CAD. CRISPR-Cas9 mediated knockout/overexpression of specific gene (BRCA1) are promising therapeutic approaches in diseased conditions by regulating m6A RNA methylation and also tumor suppressor gene P53. It also affected the R-loop formation which is vulnerable to DNA damage and BRCA1 can also induce CTL mediated cytotoxicity in breast cancer cells.

CONCLUSIONS: Therefore, by understanding the modifications of epigenetic mechanisms, their alterations and interactions will aid in the development of newer therapeutic approaches to stop the possible spread from one disease to another.},
}

@article {pmid35666367,
year = {2022},
author = {Zhang, Y and Luo, X and Chen, M and Yang, L and Lei, T and Pu, T and Wei, B and Bu, H and Zhang, Z},
title = {Biomarker profile of invasive lobular carcinoma: pleomorphic versus classic subtypes, clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis analyses.},
journal = {Breast cancer research and treatment},
volume = {194},
number = {2},
pages = {279-295},
pmid = {35666367},
issn = {1573-7217},
support = {2022YFS0376//Department of Science and Technology of Sichuan Province/ ; },
mesh = {*Breast Neoplasms ; *Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/metabolism ; *Carcinoma, Lobular/pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Ki-67 Antigen/genetics ; Prognosis ; Receptor, ErbB-2/metabolism ; },
abstract = {PURPOSE: To compare the clinicopathologic features and prognosis of pleomorphic invasive lobular carcinoma (P-ILC) and classic ILC (C-ILC) according to the biomarker profile.

METHODS: A total of 667 C-ILCs and 133 P-ILCs between 2011 and 2021 were included. Clinicopathologic features and stromal tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (sTILs) status were evaluated. P-ILCs were divided into subtypes based on ER/PR and HER2 expression. The overall survival and disease-free survival (DFS) of patients were compared among matched P-ILCs, C-ILCs, and invasive ductal carcinomas (IDCs) with biomarker subtypes.

RESULTS: Compared to C-ILCs, P-ILCs had greater tumor sizes and stages, fewer ER-positive, more HER2-positive, triple negative (TN), and Ki-67 > 20% tumors (P < 0.05). P-ILCs were subdivided into ER+ (63.1%), HER2+ (21.1%) and TN (15.8%). ER+ P-ILCs were mainly showed trabecular and solid growth patterns. Apocrine and solid features were more strongly associated with HER2+ P-ILCs and TN-P-ILCs, respectively. The prognosis of each biomarker group (ER+, HER2+ and TN) differed by subtype. The P-ILC biomarker subtypes had worse prognosis than the same subtypes in the IDC group, while there was no difference between the P-ILC and the C-ILC counterparts. Solid variants of P-ILC had the worst prognosis. Bone was the most common metastatic site in ER+ P-ILCs and TN-P-ILCs. HER2+ P-ILCs tended to metastasize to the brain and liver. DFS of HER2+ P-ILCs and TN-P-ILCs were worse than that of ER+ P-ILCs. Lacking lobular carcinoma in situ and sTILs ≤ 10% were associated with worse survival of ER+ P-ILCs and TN-P-ILCs, respectively. For HER2+ P-ILCs, Ki-67 > 20% and sTILs ≤ 10% were significant factors for lower DFS.

CONCLUSION: P-ILCs is an aggressive subtype of ILCs. Analyzing the prognostic factors of P-ILCs with heterogeneous morphological and biomarker characteristics is helpful for creating an individualized treatment.},
}

*Breast Neoplasms
*Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/metabolism
*Carcinoma, Lobular/pathology
Female
Humans
Ki-67 Antigen/genetics
Prognosis
Receptor, ErbB-2/metabolism

@article {pmid35749404,
year = {2022},
author = {Hardeman, AA and Han, YJ and Grushko, TA and Mueller, J and Gomez, MJ and Zheng, Y and Olopade, OI},
title = {Subtype-specific expression of MELK is partly due to copy number alterations in breast cancer.},
journal = {PloS one},
volume = {17},
number = {6},
pages = {e0268693},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0268693},
pmid = {35749404},
issn = {1932-6203},
mesh = {*Breast Neoplasms/genetics/pathology ; *Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating ; DNA Copy Number Variations ; Female ; Humans ; Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; *Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/genetics ; },
abstract = {Maternal embryonic leucine-zipper kinase (MELK) regulates cell cycle progression and is highly expressed in many cancers. The molecular mechanism of MELK dysregulation has not been determined in aggressive forms of breast cancer, such as triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). To evaluate molecular markers of MELK aberrations in aggressive breast cancer, we assessed MELK gene amplification and expression in breast tumors. MELK mRNA expression is highly up-regulated in basal-like breast cancer (BLBC), the major molecular subtype of TNBC, compared to luminal or other subtypes of breast tumors. MELK copy number (CN) gains are significantly associated with BLBC, whereas no significant association of CpG site methylation or histone modifications with breast cancer subtypes was observed. Accordingly, the CN gains appear to contribute to an increase in MELK expression, with a significant correlation between mRNA expression and CN in breast tumors and cell lines. Furthermore, immunohistochemistry (IHC) assays revealed that both nuclear and cytoplasmic staining scores of MELK were significantly higher in invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) tumors compared to ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and normal breast tissues. Our data showed that upregulation of MELK in BLBC may be in part driven by CN gains, rather than epigenetic modifications, indicating a potential for overexpression and CN gains of MELK to be developed as a diagnostic and prognostic marker to identify patients who have more aggressive breast cancer.},
}

*Breast Neoplasms/genetics/pathology
*Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating
DNA Copy Number Variations
Female
Humans
Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases
RNA, Messenger/genetics
*Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/genetics

@article {pmid35749114,
year = {2022},
author = {Weis, S and Hagel, S and Palm, J and Scherag, A and Kolanos, S and Bahrs, C and Löffler, B and Schmitz, RPH and Rißner, F and Brunkhorst, FM and Pletz, MW and , },
title = {Effect of Automated Telephone Infectious Disease Consultations to Nonacademic Hospitals on 30-Day Mortality Among Patients With Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia: The SUPPORT Cluster Randomized Clinical Trial.},
journal = {JAMA network open},
volume = {5},
number = {6},
pages = {e2218515},
doi = {10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.18515},
pmid = {35749114},
issn = {2574-3805},
abstract = {Importance: Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia (SAB) is a common and potentially severe infectious disease (ID). Retrospective studies and derived meta-analyses suggest that bedside infectious disease consultation (IDC) for SAB is associated with improved survival; however, such IDCs might not always be possible because of the lack of ID specialists, particularly at nonacademic hospitals.

Objectives: To investigate whether unsolicited telephone IDCs (triggered by an automated blood stream infection reporting system) to nonacademic hospitals improved 30-day all-cause mortality in patients with SAB.

This patient-blinded, multicenter, interventional, cluster randomized, controlled, crossover clinical trial was conducted in 21 rural, nonacademic hospitals in Thuringia, Germany. From July 1, 2016, to December 31, 2018, 1029 blood culture reports were assessed for eligibility. A total of 386 patients were enrolled, whereas 643 patients were not enrolled for the following reasons: death before enrollment (n = 59); palliative care (n = 41); recurrence of SAB (n = 9); discharge from the hospital before enrollment (n = 77); age younger than 18 years (n = 5); duplicate report from a single patient (n = 26); late report (n = 17); blood culture reported during the washout phase (n = 48); and no signed informed consent for other or unknown reasons (n = 361).

Interventions: During the ID intervention phase, ID specialists from Jena University Hospital provided unsolicited telephone IDCs to physicians treating patients with SAB. During the control phase, patients were treated according to local standards. Crossover was performed after including 15 patients or, at the latest, 1 year after the first patient was included.

Main Outcomes and Measures: Thirty-day all-cause mortality.

Results: A total of 386 patients (median [IQR] age, 75 [63-82] years; 261 [67.6%] male) were included, with 177 randomized to the IDC group and 209 to the control group. The 30-day all-cause mortality rate did not differ between the IDC and control groups (relative risk reduction [RRR], 0.12; 95% CI, -2.17 to 0.76; P = .81). No evidence was found of a difference in secondary outcomes, including 90-day mortality (RRR, 0.17; 95% CI, -0.59 to 0.57; P = .62), 90-day recurrence (RRR, 0.10; 95% CI, -2.51 to 0.89; P = .89), and hospital readmission (RRR, 0.04; 95% CI, -0.63 to 0.48; P = .90). Exploratory evidence suggested that indicators of quality of care were potentially realized more often in the IDC group than in the control group (relative quality improvement, 0.16; 95% CI, 0.08-0.26; P = .01).

Conclusions and Relevance: In this cluster randomized clinical trial, unsolicited telephone IDC, although potentially enhancing quality of care, did not improve 30-day all-cause mortality in patients with SAB.

Trial Registration: drks.de Identifier: DRKS00010135.},
}

@article {pmid35743985,
year = {2022},
author = {Ortega, MA and Fraile-Martinez, O and García-Montero, C and Borja-Vergel, S and Torres-Carranza, D and Pekarek, L and Arribas, CB and De León-Luis, JA and Sánchez-Rojo, C and Alvarez-Mon, MA and García-Honduvilla, N and Buján, J and Coca, S and Alvarez-Mon, M and Saez, MA and Guijarro, LG},
title = {Patients with Invasive Lobular Carcinoma Show a Significant Increase in IRS-4 Expression Compared to Infiltrative Ductal Carcinoma-A Histopathological Study.},
journal = {Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania)},
volume = {58},
number = {6},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/medicina58060722},
pmid = {35743985},
issn = {1648-9144},
support = {MITICAD//Comunidad de Madrid/ ; },
abstract = {Background and Objectives: Breast cancer (BC) is the first diagnosed type of cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality in women. In addition, despite the improvement in treatment and survival in these patients, the global prevalence and incidence of this cancer are rising, and its mortality may be different according to the histological subtype. Invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) is less common but entails a poorer prognosis than infiltrative ductal carcinoma (IDC), exhibiting a different clinical and histopathological profile. Deepening study on the molecular profile of both types of cancer may be of great aid to understand the carcinogenesis and progression of BC. In this sense, the aim of the present study was to explore the histological expression of Insulin receptor substrate 4 (IRS-4), cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), Cyclin D1 and retinoblastoma protein 1 (Rb1) in patients with ILC and IDC. Patients and Methods: Thus, breast tissue samples from 45 patients with ILC and from 45 subjects with IDC were analyzed in our study. Results: Interestingly, we observed that IRS-4, COX-2, Rb1 and Cyclin D1 were overexpressed in patients with ILC in comparison to IDC. Conclusions: These results may indicate a differential molecular profile between both types of tumors, which may explain the clinical differences among ILC and IDC. Further studies are warranted in order to shed light onto the molecular and translational implications of these components, also aiding to develop a possible targeted therapy to improve the clinical management of these patients.},
}

@article {pmid35714104,
year = {2022},
author = {Icht, M and Bergerzon-Bitton, O and Ben-David, BM},
title = {Validation and cross-linguistic adaptation of the Frenchay Dysarthria Assessment (FDA-2) speech intelligibility tests: Hebrew version.},
journal = {International journal of language & communication disorders},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/1460-6984.12737},
pmid = {35714104},
issn = {1460-6984},
abstract = {'Dysarthria' is a group of motor speech disorders resulting from a disturbance in neuromuscular control. Most individuals with dysarthria cope with communicative restrictions due to speech impairments and reduced intelligibility. Thus, language-sensitive measurements of intelligibility are important in dysarthria neurological assessment. The Frenchay Dysarthria Assessment, 2nd edition (FDA-2), is a validated tool for the identification of the nature and patterns of oro-motor movements associated with different types of dysarthria. The current study conducted a careful culture- and linguistic-sensitive adaption of the two intelligibility subtests of the FDA-2 to Hebrew (words and sentences) and performed a preliminary validation with relevant clinical populations. First, sets of Hebrew words and sentences were constructed, based on the criteria defined in FDA-2, as well as on several other factors that may affect performance: emotional valence, arousal and familiarity. Second, the new subtests were validated in healthy older adults (n = 20), and in two clinical groups (acquired dysarthria, n = 15; and developmental dysarthria, n = 19). Analysis indicated that the new subtests were found to be specific and sensitive, valid and reliable, as scores significantly differ between healthy older adults and adults with dysarthria, correlated with other subjective measures of intelligibility, and showed high test-retest reliability. The words and sentences intelligibility subtests can be used to evaluate speech disorders in various populations of Hebrew speakers, thus may be an important addition to the speech-language pathologist's toolbox, for clinical work as well as for research purposes. WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS: What is already known on the subject 'Dysarthria' is a group of disorders reflecting impairments in the strength, speed and precision of movements required for adequate control of the various speech subsystems. Reduced speech intelligibility is one of the main consequences of all dysarthria subtypes, irrespective of their underlying cause. Indeed, most individuals with dysarthria cope with communicative restrictions due to speech impairments. Thus, language-sensitive measurements of intelligibility are important in dysarthria assessment. The FDA-2's words and sentences subtests present standardized and validated tools for the identification of the nature and patterns of oro-motor movements associated with different types of dysarthria. What this paper adds to existing knowledge The lack of assessment tools in Hebrew poses challenges to clinical evaluation as well as research purposes. The current study conducted a careful culture- and linguistic-sensitive adaption of the FDA-2 intelligibility subtests to Hebrew and performed a preliminary validation with relevant clinical populations. First, sets of Hebrew words and sentences were constructed, based on the criteria defined in FDA-2, as well as on several other factors that may affect performance: emotional valence, arousal and familiarity. Second, the new subtests were validated in healthy older adults (n = 20), and in two clinical groups (adults with acquired dysarthria, n = 15; and young adults with developmental dysarthria, n = 19). What are the potential or actual clinical implications of this work? Analyses indicated that the new word and sentence subtests are specific, sensitive, valid and reliable. Namely, (1) they successfully differentiate between healthy individuals and individuals with dysarthria; (2) they correlate with other subjective measures of intelligibility; and (3) they show high test-retest reliability. The words and sentences intelligibility subtests can be used to evaluate speech disorders in various populations of Hebrew speakers. Thus, they may be an important addition to the speech-language pathologist's toolbox, for clinical and research purposes. The methods described here can be emulated for the adaptation of speech assessment tools to other languages.},
}

@article {pmid35711899,
year = {2022},
author = {Choi, JDW and Hughes, TMD and Marx, G and Boyages, J and Rutovitz, J and Hasovits, C and Parasyn, A and Edirimanne, S and Ngui, NK},
title = {The Utility of the Oncotype DX Test for Breast Cancer Patients in an Australian Multidisciplinary Setting.},
journal = {The breast journal},
volume = {2022},
number = {},
pages = {1199245},
doi = {10.1155/2022/1199245},
pmid = {35711899},
issn = {1524-4741},
mesh = {Australia ; *Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy/genetics/pathology ; Female ; Gene Expression Profiling/methods ; Humans ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/pathology ; Prognosis ; Receptors, Estrogen/genetics ; Retrospective Studies ; },
abstract = {Introduction: The Oncotype DX test is a genomic assay that generates a Recurrence Score (RS) predicting the 10-year risk of recurrence and response to adjuvant chemotherapy in ER+/HER2- breast cancer patients. The aims were to determine breast cancer distant recurrence and correlate with adjuvant chemoendocrine prescribing patterns based on the Oncotype DX recurrence score.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective single-institution case series of 71 patients who had Oncotype DX assay testing after definitive surgery between 2012 and 2016. Both node-positive and node-negative patients were included. Patients were divided into Oncotype DX low risk (RS < 11) (n = 10, 14%), intermediate risk (RS 11-25) (n = 45, 63%), and high risk (RS > 25) (n = 16, 23%). Median follow-up was 6.1 years (range 4-8.9 years). Adjuvant treatment regimens and oncological outcomes were determined. Results. Mean age at diagnosis was 56 years (range, 33-77). Invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) accounted for the majority (87%), with most tumors measuring between 10-20 mm (52%). 48% of the cohort were node positive. 15 of 16 high-risk patients (94%) received chemotherapy. 96% of intermediate-risk patients received endocrine therapy alone, one patient received chemoendocrine therapy (2%), and one declined systemic therapy (2%). In the low-risk group, 100% received endocrine therapy only. The high-risk group had the lowest mean ER% (P < 0.05), greatest mean mitotic rate (P < 0.05), and greatest proportion of Ki67% > 14. Five patients developed distant recurrence (7%): three from the intermediate-risk group (7%), one from the low-risk group (10%), and one from the high-risk group (6%).

Conclusion: This is the first Australian study reporting the experience with medium-term recurrence outcomes of using the Oncotype DX assay in breast cancer. Chemotherapy was rarely given for patients with low-to-intermediate RS and always offered in high RS. This pattern of prescribing was associated with low rates of distant recurrence. National funding models should be considered.},
}

Australia
*Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy/genetics/pathology
Female
Gene Expression Profiling/methods
Humans
Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/pathology
Prognosis
Receptors, Estrogen/genetics
Retrospective Studies

@article {pmid35538223,
year = {2022},
author = {Simond, AM and Bui, T and Zuo, D and Sanguin-Gendreau, V and Rao, T and Phillips, WA and Cardiff, RD and Muller, WJ},
title = {Physiological expression of PI3K H1047R mutation reveals its anti-metastatic potential in ErbB2-driven breast cancer.},
journal = {Oncogene},
volume = {41},
number = {25},
pages = {3445-3451},
pmid = {35538223},
issn = {1476-5594},
support = {CIHR-FDN-148373//Gouvernement du Canada | Canadian Institutes of Health Research (Instituts de Recherche en Santé du Canada)/ ; },
mesh = {*Breast Neoplasms/genetics/pathology ; *Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating ; Class I Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/genetics ; Female ; Humans ; Mutation ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase/genetics ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/genetics/metabolism ; Receptor, ErbB-2/genetics ; },
abstract = {p110α is a catalytic subunit of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), a major downstream effector of receptor tyrosine kinase ErbB2, that is amplified and overexpressed in 20-30% of breast cancers, 40% of which have an activating mutation in p110α. Despite the high frequency of PIK3CA gain-of-function mutations, their prognostic value is controversial. Here, we employ a knock-in transgenic strategy to restrict the expression of an activated form of ErbB2 and p110α kinase domain mutation (p110αHR) in the mammary epithelium. Physiological levels of transgene expression under the control of their endogenous promoters did not result in a major synergistic effect. However, tumors arising in ErbB2/p110αHR bi-genic strain metastasized to the lung with significantly reduced capacity compared to tumors expressing ErbB2 alone. The reduced metastasis was further associated with retention of the myoepithelial layer reminiscent of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), a non-invasive stage of human breast cancer. Molecular and biochemical analyses revealed that these poorly metastatic tumors exhibited a significant decrease in phospho-myosin light chain 2 (MLC2) associated with cellular contractility and migration. Examination of human samples for MLC2 activity revealed a progressive increase in cellular contractility between non-invasive DCIS and invasive ductal carcinoma. Collectively, these data argue that p110αHR mutation attenuates metastatic behavior in the context of ErbB2-driven breast cancer.},
}

*Breast Neoplasms/genetics/pathology
*Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating
Class I Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/genetics
Female
Humans
Mutation
Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase/genetics
Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/genetics/metabolism
Receptor, ErbB-2/genetics

@article {pmid35522890,
year = {2022},
author = {Butcher, MR and White, MJ and Rooper, LM and Argani, P and Cimino-Mathews, A},
title = {MYB RNA In Situ Hybridization Is a Useful Diagnostic Tool to Distinguish Breast Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma From Other Triple-negative Breast Carcinomas.},
journal = {The American journal of surgical pathology},
volume = {46},
number = {7},
pages = {878-888},
doi = {10.1097/PAS.0000000000001913},
pmid = {35522890},
issn = {1532-0979},
mesh = {Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics ; *Breast Neoplasms/pathology ; *Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic/diagnosis/genetics/pathology ; *Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology ; *Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating ; Female ; Humans ; In Situ Hybridization ; RNA ; *Salivary Gland Neoplasms/pathology ; *Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/diagnosis/genetics/pathology ; },
abstract = {Breast adenoid cystic carcinoma (AdCC) has overlapping features with basal-like triple-negative breast carcinoma (TNBC), yet carries a more favorable prognosis, and accurate diagnosis is critical. Like salivary gland AdCC, breast AdCC demonstrates recurrent alterations in the MYB gene. Novel chromogenic RNA in situ hybridization (ISH) for MYB has emerged as sensitive and specific for salivary gland AdCC. Here, we evaluate MYB RNA ISH in invasive ductal carcinomas (IDCs) including basal-like TNBC, and in the histologic mimics ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and collagenous spherulosis. MYB RNA ISH was also performed on previously constructed tissue microarrays containing 78 evaluable IDC, including 30 basal-like TNBC (EGFR+ and/or CK5/6+), 19 luminal A (ER+/HER-2-), 12 HER-2+ (ER-/HER-2+), 11 non-basal-like TNBC, and 6 luminal B (ER+/HER-2+). MYB RNA ISH overexpression was seen in 100% (n=18/18) of primary breast AdCC and 10% (n=8/78) of IDC (P<0.0001). MYB RNA ISH was overexpressed in 37% (n=7/19) of luminal A and 8% (n=1/12) of HER-2+ IDC, and in no cases of TNBC or luminal B IDC. The majority (67%, n=8/12) of DCIS and all (n=7) cases of collagenous spherulosis demonstrated overexpression of MYB RNA. MYB gene rearrangement was detected in 67% (n=4/6) evaluable AdCC. Although MYB RNA ISH overexpression cannot be used to distinguish between cribriform DCIS or collagenous spherulosis and AdCC, MYB RNA ISH is absent in basal-like TNBC and rare in ER+ or HER-2+ IDC. MYB RNA ISH could be a useful, sensitive, and rapid diagnostic adjunct in the workup of a triple-negative carcinoma in the breast.},
}

Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
*Breast Neoplasms/pathology
*Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic/diagnosis/genetics/pathology
*Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology
*Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating
Female
Humans
In Situ Hybridization
RNA
*Salivary Gland Neoplasms/pathology
*Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/diagnosis/genetics/pathology

@article {pmid35697697,
year = {2022},
author = {Rebbeck, CA and Xian, J and Bornelöv, S and Geradts, J and Hobeika, A and Geiger, H and Alvarez, JF and Rozhkova, E and Nicholls, A and Robine, N and Lyerly, HK and Hannon, GJ},
title = {Gene expression signatures of individual ductal carcinoma in situ lesions identify processes and biomarkers associated with progression towards invasive ductal carcinoma.},
journal = {Nature communications},
volume = {13},
number = {1},
pages = {3399},
pmid = {35697697},
issn = {2041-1723},
mesh = {Biomarkers ; Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics ; *Breast Neoplasms/pathology ; *Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/metabolism ; *Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/genetics/pathology ; Disease Progression ; Female ; Homeodomain Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Humans ; Transcription Factors/genetics ; Transcriptome ; },
abstract = {Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is considered a non-invasive precursor to breast cancer, and although associated with an increased risk of developing invasive disease, many women with DCIS will never progress beyond their in situ diagnosis. The path from normal duct to invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) is not well understood, and efforts to do so are hampered by the substantial heterogeneity that exists between patients, and even within patients. Here we show gene expression analysis from > 2,000 individually micro-dissected ductal lesions representing 145 patients. Combining all samples into one continuous trajectory we show there is a progressive loss in basal layer integrity heading towards IDC, coupled with two epithelial to mesenchymal transitions, one early and a second coinciding with the convergence of DCIS and IDC expression profiles. We identify early processes and potential biomarkers, including CAMK2N1, MNX1, ADCY5, HOXC11 and ANKRD22, whose reduced expression is associated with the progression of DCIS to invasive breast cancer.},
}

Biomarkers
Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
*Breast Neoplasms/pathology
*Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/metabolism
*Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/genetics/pathology
Disease Progression
Female
Homeodomain Proteins/genetics/metabolism
Humans
Transcription Factors/genetics
Transcriptome

@article {pmid35687769,
year = {2022},
author = {Silva, DJ and Miranda, G and Mesquita, A},
title = {Clinical relevance of receptor conversion in metastatic breast cancer: Case report.},
journal = {Medicine},
volume = {101},
number = {23},
pages = {e29136},
doi = {10.1097/MD.0000000000029136},
pmid = {35687769},
issn = {1536-5964},
mesh = {Adult ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use ; *Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy/therapy ; Disease Progression ; Female ; Humans ; Mastectomy ; Quality of Life ; Receptor, ErbB-2/genetics/metabolism ; },
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Breast cancer comprises several different pathological entities defined by the presence or absence of hormonal receptors and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). During the disease course, the increase in tumor heterogeneity contributes to the discordant expression of estrogen/progesterone receptors and HER2 status between primary and metastatic lesions. We describe a case that demonstrates the clinical relevance of molecular reassessment during metastatic breast cancer progression.

PATIENT CONCERNS: A 40-year-old Caucasian woman with germline breast cancer gene mutation was referred to a general surgery appointment after breast ultrasound revealed a suspicious nodular lesion in 2012.

DIAGNOSIS: Ultrasound-guided microbiopsy revealed an invasive ductal carcinoma of no special type, hormone receptor-positive, and HER2-negative.

INTERVENTIONS: The patient underwent modified radical left mastectomy, adjuvant radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and endocrine therapy. Four years after the diagnosis, HER2 positive lung progression was documented, and the patient received anti-HER2 targeted systemic therapy for 15 months. New disease progression with a triple-negative profile was found, and palliative systemic treatment was changed to carboplatin for 3 months until new progression. Based on the results of the OlympiAD trial, monotherapy with Olaparib 300 mg twice daily for 28 days was initiated.

OUTCOMES: After seven cycles of treatment, patient showed progressive improvement in quality of life and maintained stable disease without significant adverse events.

CONCLUSION: The clinical relevance of hormone receptor and HER2 status discordance between primary tumors and metastatic lesions has been studied in recent years. This case report illustrates the clinical impact of molecular changes during disease progression and the adaptation of treatment options. This allows for an increase in both survival and quality of life in patients with metastatic breast cancer.},
}

Adult
Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use
*Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy/therapy
Disease Progression
Female
Humans
Mastectomy
Quality of Life
Receptor, ErbB-2/genetics/metabolism

@article {pmid35337805,
year = {2022},
author = {Rajabi, F and Mozdarani, H},
title = {Expression level of miR-155, miR-15a and miR-19a in peripheral blood of ductal carcinoma breast cancer patients: Possible bioindicators for cellular inherent radiosensitivity.},
journal = {Experimental and molecular pathology},
volume = {126},
number = {},
pages = {104758},
doi = {10.1016/j.yexmp.2022.104758},
pmid = {35337805},
issn = {1096-0945},
mesh = {Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics ; *Breast Neoplasms/diagnosis/genetics/radiotherapy ; *Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/genetics/radiotherapy ; Environmental Biomarkers ; Female ; Humans ; *MicroRNAs ; ROC Curve ; Radiation Tolerance/genetics ; },
abstract = {Examination of cellular radiosensitivity (RS) helps prevent the adverse side-effects of radiotherapy in radioresistant tumors. We aim to study whether miRNA-155 (miR-155), miR-19a and miR-15a can predict inherent RS according to cellular RS in breast cancer (BC) patients. This study was done on the blood samples of 40 invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) BC patients and 15 healthy women. G2 assay was performed to evaluate cellular RS. To study the expression level of these miRNAs in blood, qRT-PCR was used. The sensitivity and specificity of the studied miRNAs were assessed by the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. The yield of spontaneous (SY) and radiation-induced (RIY) chromatid breaks (CBs) was significantly different between control and patient groups (p < 0.0001). A cut-off value was specified to recognize the patients with cellular RS from those without. Expression of miR-15a was significantly downregulated (p < 0.0001) in BC patients. However, miR-19a showed upregulation in the blood of BC patients. It was also found the expression level of miR-155 and miR-19a were significantly associated with frequency of CBs (FCB) (p < 0.05). ROC curve analysis manifested that the miR-15a and miR-19a differentiate BC patients and healthy women with 0.91 and 0.68 yielding an area under the ROC curve, respectively. miR-155 and miR-19a discriminate between BC patients with and without cellular RS with area under the ROC curve 0.98 and 0.68. Our findings uncovered miR-155 and miR-19a could be applied as a bioindicator to predict cellular radiosensitivity of BC patients.},
}

Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
*Breast Neoplasms/diagnosis/genetics/radiotherapy
*Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/genetics/radiotherapy
Environmental Biomarkers
Female
Humans
*MicroRNAs
ROC Curve
Radiation Tolerance/genetics

@article {pmid35372457,
year = {2022},
author = {Niknam, K and Safaei, A and Ghaderi, A},
title = {Evaluation of the Prognostic Value of CD56 (140 kDa Isoform) Expression in Breast Cancer Tissues: an Eight-Year Retrospective Study.},
journal = {Iranian biomedical journal},
volume = {26},
number = {3},
pages = {175-182},
doi = {10.52547/ibj.26.3.175},
pmid = {35372457},
issn = {2008-823X},
mesh = {Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics ; *Breast Neoplasms/diagnosis/pathology ; *CD56 Antigen/genetics ; Female ; Humans ; Mastectomy ; Prognosis ; Protein Isoforms/genetics ; Retrospective Studies ; },
abstract = {Background: Identification of specific antigens is highly beneficial for early detection, diagnosis, staging, and outcome prediction of cancer. This study aimed to evaluate the expression and prognostic value of CD56 (140 kDa isoform) in IDC.

Methods: Sixty-five patients with IDC who underwent radical surgery or mastectomy as the primary treatment were included. Proper formalin-fixed and paraffin embedded tissue blocks of the patients were prepared and stained by IHC for CD56 (140 kDa isoform) molecule. Chi-square and fisher exact tests were used to compare the results against the clinicopathologic data of patients. Kaplan-Meier and log-rank test were employed to study the prognostic value of the target antigen.

Results: The expression pattern of CD56 was granular and cytoplasmic. There were significant associations between the intensity of CD56 expression in invasive cells and carcinoma in situ (p = 0.005) and normal ducts (p = 0.010). Among all clinicipathologic parameters, there was only a significant association between the expression of ER and CD56 (p = 0.023). Neither OS (p = 0.356) nor DFS (p = 0.976) had significant correlation with CD56 expression.

Conclusion: Our data indicated that the CD56 marker offers no prognostic value in terms of predicting the OS or DFS for up to eight years after primary surgery. Furthermore, the intensity of its expression is similar between normal, non-invasive, and invasive cells. Considering the generally better outcome of ER+ BC patients than their ER- counterparts, the CD56 marker may be indirectly associated with a more favorable prognosis among IDC patients.},
}

Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
*Breast Neoplasms/diagnosis/pathology
*CD56 Antigen/genetics
Female
Humans
Mastectomy
Prognosis
Protein Isoforms/genetics
Retrospective Studies

@article {pmid35647336,
year = {2022},
author = {Hamed, MM and Gouida, MS and Abd El-Aziz, SR and El-Sokkary, AMA},
title = {Evaluation PD-L1, CD8 and CD20 as early predictor and tracking markers for breast cancer (BC) in Egypt.},
journal = {Heliyon},
volume = {8},
number = {5},
pages = {e09474},
doi = {10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09474},
pmid = {35647336},
issn = {2405-8440},
abstract = {Background: Breast cancer (BC) is considered as a common type of cancer threatening women throughout the world. Therefore, development of early predication biomarkers for BC got more concern especially for Egyptian females. This study was aimed to evaluate PD-L1, CD8, and CD20 as early prediction breast cancer biomarkers.

Methods: Flow cytometry (FC), immunohistochemistry (IHC), Western Blot, and q-PCR were used to compare PD-L1, CD20, and CD8 levels in tissues and blood samples of Breast Cancer and controls.

Results: Blood samples showed a significant increase in PD-L1, CD20, and CD8 compared to controls (p˂0.005). A Significant correlation was shown between PD-L1, CD8, and CD20 in tissue and breast cancer subtypes. Whereas, invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) was characterized by superior PD-L1 and CD20 levels compared to invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC). FC studies on Blood showed 83% and 45.7% PD-L1 expressions for IDC and ILC, respectively. CD20 in ILC and IDC were 78.2% and 62.5%, respectively. Nevertheless, CD8 was 74.2% for IDC and 67.7% for ILC. Whereas, FC studies for PD-L1, CD20, and CD8 in ILC in tissues gave 34.4%, 30.2% and 35.1%, respectively. In addition, IDC tissue samples showed 16%, 12.5, and 13.5% for PD-L1, CD20, and CD8. The moderate stage of adenocarcinoma caused expression of PD-L1 within inflammatory cells, while expression was within neoplastic glandular cells in late stage.

Conclusion: PD-L1, CD8, and CD20 are considered as early predictor and tracking markers for breast cancer.},
}

@article {pmid35636710,
year = {2022},
author = {Willemsen, N and Arigoni, I and Studencka-Turski, M and Krüger, E and Bartelt, A},
title = {Proteasome dysfunction disrupts adipogenesis and induces inflammation via ATF3.},
journal = {Molecular metabolism},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {101518},
doi = {10.1016/j.molmet.2022.101518},
pmid = {35636710},
issn = {2212-8778},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Regulation of proteasomal activity is an essential component of cellular proteostasis and function. This is evident in patients with mutations in proteasome subunits and associated regulators, who suffer from proteasome-associated autoinflammatory syndromes (PRAAS). These patients display lipodystrophy and fevers, which may be partly related to adipocyte malfunction and abnormal thermogenesis in adipose tissue. However, the cell-intrinsic pathways that could underlie these symptoms are unclear. Here, we investigate the impact of two proteasome subunits implicated in PRAAS, Psmb4 and Psmb8, on differentiation, function and proteostasis of brown adipocytes.

METHODS: In immortalized mouse brown pre-adipocytes, levels of Psmb4, Psmb8, and downstream effectors genes were downregulated through reverse transfection with siRNA. Adipocytes were differentiated and analyzed with various assays of adipogenesis, lipogenesis, lipolysis, inflammation, and respiration.

RESULTS: Loss of Psmb4, but not Psmb8, disrupted proteostasis and adipogenesis. Proteasome function was reduced upon Psmb4 loss, but partly recovered by the activation of Nuclear factor, erythroid-2, like-1 (Nfe2l1). In addition, cells displayed higher levels of surrogate inflammation and stress markers, including Activating transcription factor-3 (Atf3). Simultaneous silencing of Psmb4 and Atf3 lowered inflammation and restored adipogenesis.

CONCLUSIONS: Our study shows that Psmb4 is required for adipocyte development and function in cultured adipocytes. These results imply that in humans with PSMB4 mutations, PRAAS-associated lipodystrophy is partly caused by disturbed adipogenesis. While we uncover a role for Nfe2l1 in the maintenance of proteostasis under these conditions, Atf3 is a key effector of inflammation and blocking adipogenesis. In conclusion, our work highlights how proteasome dysfunction is sensed and mitigated by the integrated stress response in adipocytes with potential relevance for PRAAS patients and beyond.},
}

@article {pmid35621626,
year = {2022},
author = {Cho, YA and Ko, SY and Suh, YJ and Kim, S and Park, JH and Park, HR and Seo, J and Choi, HG and Kang, HS and Lim, H and Park, HY and Kwon, MJ},
title = {PIK3CA Mutation as Potential Poor Prognostic Marker in Asian Female Breast Cancer Patients Who Received Adjuvant Chemotherapy.},
journal = {Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.)},
volume = {29},
number = {5},
pages = {2895-2908},
doi = {10.3390/curroncol29050236},
pmid = {35621626},
issn = {1718-7729},
support = {NRF-2019R1C1C1004463//National Research Foundation of Korea/ ; },
mesh = {B7-H1 Antigen/metabolism ; *Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy/genetics/metabolism ; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant ; Class I Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/genetics ; Female ; Humans ; Microsatellite Instability ; Middle Aged ; Mutation ; Prognosis ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The prognostic relevance of the PIK3CA mutation together with PD-L1, c-Met, and mismatch repair deficiency (dMMR) have not been fully investigated in Asian women with breast cancer (BC) who have undergone postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy.

METHODS: We analyzed PIK3CA mutations via peptide nucleic acid (PNA)-mediated real-time PCR assay, PD-L1/c-Met expression via immunohistochemistry (IHC), and microsatellite instability (MSI) status using PCR and IHC, in 191 resected BCs from 2008 to 2011. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset for the involvement of the PIK3CA mutation with PD-L1/c-Met/MMR was explored.

RESULTS: The PNA clamp-mediated assay was able to detect the PIK3CA mutation in 1% of the mutant population in the cell line validation. Using this method, the PIK3CA mutation was found in 78 (49.4%) of 158 samples. c-Met and PD-L1 positivity were identified in 31.4 and 21.8% of samples, respectively, which commonly correlated with high histologic grade and triple-negative subtype. MSI/dMMR was observed in 8.4% of patients, with inconsistency between MMR IHC and the MSI PCR. The PIK3CA mutation exhibited a poor prognostic association regarding recurrence-free survival (RFS) in both overall and triple-negative BCs. In subgroup analyses, the PIK3CA-mutated tumors showed poorer RFS than the PIK3CA-wildtype within the c-Met-positive, MSS, triple-negative, or age onset <50 years subgroups, which showed a similar trend of association in TCGA data.

CONCLUSIONS: PIK3CA mutation together with c-Met or dMMR/MSI status might be relevant to poor prognosis in BC subsets, especially in Asian women.},
}

B7-H1 Antigen/metabolism
*Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy/genetics/metabolism
Chemotherapy, Adjuvant
Class I Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/genetics
Female
Humans
Microsatellite Instability
Middle Aged
Mutation
Prognosis

@article {pmid35567670,
year = {2022},
author = {Wilson, GM and Dinh, P and Pathmanathan, N and Graham, JD},
title = {Ductal Carcinoma in Situ: Molecular Changes Accompanying Disease Progression.},
journal = {Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia},
volume = {27},
number = {1},
pages = {101-131},
pmid = {35567670},
issn = {1573-7039},
mesh = {Biomarkers ; *Breast Neoplasms/genetics ; *Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology ; *Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/pathology ; Disease Progression ; Female ; Humans ; Tumor Microenvironment/genetics ; },
abstract = {Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is a non-obligate precursor of invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC), whereby if left untreated, approximately 12% of patients develop invasive disease. The current standard of care is surgical removal of the lesion, to prevent potential progression, and radiotherapy to reduce risk of recurrence. There is substantial overtreatment of DCIS patients, considering not all DCIS lesions progress to invasive disease. Hence, there is a critical imperative to better predict which DCIS lesions are destined for poor outcome and which are not, allowing for tailored treatment. Active surveillance is currently being trialed as an alternative management practice, but this approach relies on accurately identifying cases that are at low risk of progression to invasive disease. Two DCIS-specific genomic profiling assays that attempt to distinguish low and high-risk patients have emerged, but imperfections in risk stratification coupled with a high price tag warrant the continued search for more robust and accessible prognostic biomarkers. This search has largely turned researchers toward the tumor microenvironment. Recent evidence suggests that a spectrum of cell types within the DCIS microenvironment are genetically and phenotypically altered compared to normal tissue and play critical roles in disease progression. Uncovering the molecular mechanisms contributing to DCIS progression has provided optimism for the search for well-validated prognostic biomarkers that can accurately predict the risk for a patient developing IDC. The discovery of such markers would modernize DCIS management and allow tailored treatment plans. This review will summarize the current literature regarding DCIS diagnosis, treatment, and pathology.},
}

Biomarkers
*Breast Neoplasms/genetics
*Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology
*Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/pathology
Disease Progression
Female
Humans
Tumor Microenvironment/genetics

@article {pmid35585552,
year = {2022},
author = {Oride, Y and Koi, Y and Sasada, T and Kajitani, K and Ohara, M and Kondo, T and Daimaru, Y and Kawamura, S},
title = {Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration facilitating diagnosis of sarcoidosis in a breast cancer patient with multiple lymphadenopathy: a case report.},
journal = {Journal of medical case reports},
volume = {16},
number = {1},
pages = {194},
pmid = {35585552},
issn = {1752-1947},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Sarcoidosis is a benign systemic granulomatous disorder of unknown etiology. Cell-mediated immunity disorder is often found in sarcoidosis patients, and an association between malignant tumors and sarcoidosis has been suggested. Sarcoidosis and malignant disease can occur simultaneously or sequentially, leading to misdiagnosis and mistreatment. Sarcoidosis is diagnosed clinically, radiologically, and histologically. We report herein a case of sarcoidosis diagnosed by endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration from the mediastinal lymph nodes of a breast cancer patient.

CASE PRESENTATION: The patient was a 70-year-old Asian woman who presented with right breast tumor. A 20-mm movable mass was identified in the inferolateral quadrant of the right breast, and mammography revealed a spiculated mass with calcification. Ultrasonography revealed a mass with internal hypoechogenicity, and biopsy revealed estrogen receptor-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive invasive ductal carcinoma. Positron emission tomography/computed tomography showed multiple lymphadenopathy including mediastinal lymph nodes, with fluorodeoxyglucose accumulation in those nodes suggesting breast cancer metastases. Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration of a mediastinal lymph node revealed noncaseous epithelioid granuloma. Due to a history of uveitis and elevated soluble interleukin 2 receptor, lymphadenopathy due to sarcoidosis and stage IIA breast cancer were diagnosed. Right partial mastectomy and axillary lymph node dissection were performed after preoperative chemotherapy. No exacerbation of sarcoidosis symptoms has been observed during treatment.

CONCLUSION: We report a case of breast cancer in which sarcoidosis could be diagnosed based on endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration, a history of uveitis, and elevated soluble interleukin 2 receptor despite fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography suggesting multiple lymph node metastases. This report emphasizes the importance of differential diagnosis of lymph node involvements in cancer patients.},
}

@article {pmid35578939,
year = {2022},
author = {Higashi, T and Ozawa, K and Takei, S and Takagi, S and Yokoyama, M and Mase, K and Moriya, T and Takeshita, A and Mizutani, M},
title = {[A Case of Postoperative Pulmonary Metastasis of Breast Cancer with Complete Response by Abemaciclib plus Fulvestrant Therapy].},
journal = {Gan to kagaku ryoho. Cancer & chemotherapy},
volume = {49},
number = {5},
pages = {581-583},
pmid = {35578939},
issn = {0385-0684},
abstract = {A 66-year-old woman underwent total mastectomy with level Ⅰ and Ⅱ axillary lymph node dissection for right breast cancer in July 2007. The pathology results indicated the presence of T2N0M0 invasive ductal carcinoma(tubule forming type), that was estrogen receptor-positive and human epidermal growth factor 2-negative. She received postoperative adjuvant therapy with oral anastrozole(ANA)for 5 years. Eleven years after surgery, at the age of 77 years, a chest X-ray examination during a routine health checkup identified a mass shadow in the right lung. Further investigation revealed bilateral multiple lung metastases due to breast cancer recurrence. Histological examination of a tissue obtained by computed tomography(CT)-guided lung biopsy confirmed that the histological type and subtype were identical to those found in the initial surgery. Hence, endocrine therapy with ANA plus CDK4/6 inhibitor was started in November 2018. However, the first CDK4/6 inhibitor, palbociclib, caused severe myelosuppression even when the dose was reduced by 2 levels. Therefore in January 2019, the patient was switched to abemaciclib, with the dose reduced by 1 level initially and then reduced by 2 levels from August 2019. In June 2019, new multiple lung metastases appeared, and the patient was switched from ANA to fulvestrant, after which complete response was achieved in 6 months. CT in June 2021 showed no recurrence, and the patient(now 80-year-old)continues to take abemaciclib plus fulvestrant therapy.},
}

@article {pmid35576836,
year = {2022},
author = {He, S and Jia, Q and Zhou, L and Wang, Z and Li, M},
title = {SIRT5 is involved in the proliferation and metastasis of breast cancer by promoting aerobic glycolysis.},
journal = {Pathology, research and practice},
volume = {235},
number = {},
pages = {153943},
doi = {10.1016/j.prp.2022.153943},
pmid = {35576836},
issn = {1618-0631},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Breast cancer (BC) is the most commonly diagnosed cancer among females and has a poor prognosis, breast invasive ductal carcinoma is the most common histological type. The occurrence and development of BC is closely related to aberrant glucose metabolism. In the hyperglycemic environment caused by abnormal glucose metabolism, hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) enables tumor cells to absorb large amounts of glucose and enhance glycolysis by inducing the expression of glucose transporter type1 (GLUT1) and glycolysis genes, thus promoting tumor cell proliferation and metastasis. Mitochondrial Sirtuin5 (SIRT5) plays a role in the rewiring of glucose metabolism during the progression of cancers. Thus, we aimed to elucidate whether SIRT5 promotes BC proliferation and metastasis by facilitating aerobic glycolysis in BC.

METHODS: The expression of SIRT5 in breast carcinoma tissue and cells was evaluated using immunohistochemical staining, western blot and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis to confirm the biological role of SIRT5 in breast carcinoma. We established a stable cell line with SIRT5 knockdown using lentiviral transduction in T47D cells to reduce SIRT5 expression and then evaluated the effect of SIRT5 on cells cultured in the presence of high glucose (4500 mg/L) and normal glucose (2000 mg/L) concentrations. Cell proliferation was detected using the CCK-8 assay, the cell cycle and cell apoptosis were measured using flow cytometry and Annexin V staining, and cell migration was tested by performing Celigo scratch and Transwell assays. The expression of PKM2, HK2, mTOR and HIF-1α, which play roles in aerobic glycolysis, was investigated using western blot.

RESULTS: SIRT5 was overexpressed in BC tissues compared with paired normal tissues. Prognostic and OS analyses showed that the SIRT5 expression level was an individual prognostic factor for patients with BC. SIRT5 knockdown inhibited proliferation and metastasis and slightly increased apoptosis in T47D cells under high-glucose conditions. Furthermore, the downregulation of HK2 and HIF-1α caused by SIRT5 knockdown was a high glucose-dependent process, while the downregulation of PKM2 was mediated by a high glucose-independent process.

CONCLUSIONS: SIRT5 is an independent prognostic factor for BC and contributes to cell proliferation and metastasis in a high glucose-dependent manner to some degree, which might be mediated by promoting aerobic glycolysis.},
}

@article {pmid35547416,
year = {2022},
author = {Smith, PD and Bhenderu, LS and Kommuri, S and Fleener, EE and Hoover, JM},
title = {Treatment of Leptomeningeal Carcinomatosis Following Treatment of Cerebellar Metastasis of HER2+ (Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 Positive) Breast Cancer: Case Report and Review of Literature.},
journal = {Cureus},
volume = {14},
number = {4},
pages = {e24008},
doi = {10.7759/cureus.24008},
pmid = {35547416},
issn = {2168-8184},
abstract = {Leptomeningeal carcinomatosis (LC) after metastasis of breast cancer is a rare occurrence with potentially devastating complications. Treatment options are limited, and there is a lack of literature on this topic. We report the case of a 38-year-old woman with estrogen/progesterone receptor negative (ER/PR-), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 positive (HER2+) invasive ductal carcinoma of the left breast who underwent bilateral mastectomies with axillary lymph node dissection and chemotherapy treatment. The patient returned 11 months later with persistent headaches. Imaging and resection found cerebellar metastasis of the breast carcinoma. The brain metastasis was treated with further chemotherapy and stereotactic radiosurgery. Follow-up imaging showed the development of small lesions outside the radiation site. Metabolic studies were performed to determine if the new lesions were due to tumor recurrence or radiation necrosis, but the studies were inconclusive as to the etiology of these lesions. The patient later developed LC that was successfully treated with full resolution of the disease using intrathecal trastuzumab. There are currently no consensuses on treatment guidelines for treating LC. Here, we demonstrate successful treatment of LC from an ER/PR-, HER2+ breast carcinoma with intrathecal trastuzumab.},
}

@article {pmid35324454,
year = {2022},
author = {Wang, K and Schütze, I and Gulde, S and Bechmann, N and Richter, S and Helm, J and Lauseker, M and Maurer, J and Reul, A and Spoettl, G and Klink, B and William, D and Knösel, T and Friemel, J and Bihl, M and Weber, A and Fankhauser, M and Schober, L and Vetter, D and Broglie Däppen, M and Ziegler, CG and Ullrich, M and Pietzsch, J and Bornstein, SR and Lottspeich, C and Kroiss, M and Fassnacht, M and Wenter, VUJ and Ladurner, R and Hantel, C and Reincke, M and Eisenhofer, G and Grossman, AB and Pacak, K and Beuschlein, F and Auernhammer, CJ and Pellegata, NS and Nölting, S},
title = {Personalized drug testing in human pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma primary cultures.},
journal = {Endocrine-related cancer},
volume = {29},
number = {6},
pages = {285-306},
doi = {10.1530/ERC-21-0355},
pmid = {35324454},
issn = {1479-6821},
mesh = {*Adrenal Gland Neoplasms/drug therapy/genetics/metabolism ; Animals ; *Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Everolimus/therapeutic use ; Humans ; Mice ; *Paraganglioma/drug therapy/genetics/pathology ; *Pheochromocytoma/drug therapy/genetics/metabolism ; Zoledronic Acid/therapeutic use ; },
abstract = {Aggressive pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas (PPGLs) are difficult to treat, and molecular targeting is being increasingly considered, but with variable results. This study investigates established and novel molecular-targeted drugs and chemotherapeutic agents for the treatment of PPGLs in human primary cultures and murine cell line spheroids. In PPGLs from 33 patients, including 7 metastatic PPGLs, we identified germline or somatic driver mutations in 79% of cases, allowing us to assess potential differences in drug responsivity between pseudohypoxia-associated cluster 1-related (n = 10) and kinase signaling-associated cluster 2-related (n = 14) PPGL primary cultures. Single anti-cancer drugs were either more effective in cluster 1 (cabozantinib, selpercatinib, and 5-FU) or similarly effective in both clusters (everolimus, sunitinib, alpelisib, trametinib, niraparib, entinostat, gemcitabine, AR-A014418, and high-dose zoledronic acid). High-dose estrogen and low-dose zoledronic acid were the only single substances more effective in cluster 2. Neither cluster 1- nor cluster 2-related patient primary cultures responded to HIF-2a inhibitors, temozolomide, dabrafenib, or octreotide. We showed particular efficacy of targeted combination treatments (cabozantinib/everolimus, alpelisib/everolimus, alpelisib/trametinib) in both clusters, with higher efficacy of some targeted combinations in cluster 2 and overall synergistic effects (cabozantinib/everolimus, alpelisib/trametinib) or synergistic effects in cluster 2 (alpelisib/everolimus). Cabozantinib/everolimus combination therapy, gemcitabine, and high-dose zoledronic acid appear to be promising treatment options with particularly high efficacy in SDHB-mutant and metastatic tumors. In conclusion, only minor differences regarding drug responsivity were found between cluster 1 and cluster 2: some single anti-cancer drugs were more effective in cluster 1 and some targeted combination treatments were more effective in cluster 2.},
}

*Adrenal Gland Neoplasms/drug therapy/genetics/metabolism
Animals
*Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology/therapeutic use
Everolimus/therapeutic use
Humans
Mice
*Paraganglioma/drug therapy/genetics/pathology
*Pheochromocytoma/drug therapy/genetics/metabolism
Zoledronic Acid/therapeutic use

@article {pmid35266635,
year = {2022},
author = {Karabid, NM and Wiedemann, T and Gulde, S and Mohr, H and Segaran, RC and Geppert, J and Rohm, M and Vitale, G and Gaudenzi, G and Dicitore, A and Ankerst, DP and Chen, Y and Braren, R and Kaissis, G and Schilling, F and Schillmaier, M and Eisenhofer, G and Herzig, S and Roncaroli, F and Honegger, JB and Pellegata, NS},
title = {Angpt2/Tie2 autostimulatory loop controls tumorigenesis.},
journal = {EMBO molecular medicine},
volume = {14},
number = {5},
pages = {e14364},
doi = {10.15252/emmm.202114364},
pmid = {35266635},
issn = {1757-4684},
support = {//Deutsche Krebshilfe (German Cancer Aid)/ ; 2017.012.1//Wilhelm Sander-Stiftung (Wilhelm Sander Foundation)/ ; 314061271-TRR 205//Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG)/ ; SFB-824//Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG)/ ; },
mesh = {*Angiopoietin-2/metabolism ; Animals ; Carcinogenesis ; Endothelial Cells/metabolism ; Humans ; Mice ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; *Pituitary Neoplasms/genetics/metabolism/pathology ; Rats ; Receptor, TIE-2/genetics/metabolism ; Zebrafish ; },
abstract = {Invasive nonfunctioning (NF) pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNETs) are non-resectable neoplasms associated with frequent relapses and significant comorbidities. As the current therapies of NF-PitNETs often fail, new therapeutic targets are needed. The observation that circulating angiopoietin-2 (ANGPT2) is elevated in patients with NF-PitNET and correlates with tumor aggressiveness prompted us to investigate the ANGPT2/TIE2 axis in NF-PitNETs in the GH3 PitNET cell line, primary human NF-PitNET cells, xenografts in zebrafish and mice, and in MENX rats, the only autochthonous NF-PitNET model. We show that PitNET cells express a functional TIE2 receptor and secrete bioactive ANGPT2, which promotes, besides angiogenesis, tumor cell growth in an autocrine and paracrine fashion. ANGPT2 stimulation of TIE2 in tumor cells activates downstream cell proliferation signals, as previously demonstrated in endothelial cells (ECs). Tie2 gene deletion blunts PitNETs growth in xenograft models, and pharmacological inhibition of Angpt2/Tie2 signaling antagonizes PitNETs in primary cell cultures, tumor xenografts in mice, and in MENX rats. Thus, the ANGPT2/TIE2 axis provides an exploitable therapeutic target in NF-PitNETs and possibly in other tumors expressing ANGPT2/TIE2. The ability of tumor cells to coopt angiogenic signals classically viewed as EC-specific expands our view on the microenvironmental cues that are essential for tumor progression.},
}

*Angiopoietin-2/metabolism
Animals
Carcinogenesis
Endothelial Cells/metabolism
Humans
Mice
Neoplasm Recurrence, Local
*Pituitary Neoplasms/genetics/metabolism/pathology
Rats
Receptor, TIE-2/genetics/metabolism
Zebrafish

@article {pmid35478129,
year = {2022},
author = {Salih, MM and Higgo, AA and Khalifa, AS and Eed, EM},
title = {Incidence of Epstein-Barr Virus Among Women With Breast Cancer Using Monoclonal Antibodies for Latent Membrane Protein 1 (LMP1).},
journal = {In vivo (Athens, Greece)},
volume = {36},
number = {3},
pages = {1513-1518},
doi = {10.21873/invivo.12860},
pmid = {35478129},
issn = {1791-7549},
mesh = {Adult ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; *Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological ; *Breast Neoplasms/epidemiology/pathology ; *Carcinoma, Ductal/complications ; *Epstein-Barr Virus Infections/complications/epidemiology/pathology ; Female ; Herpesvirus 4, Human ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Membrane Proteins ; Middle Aged ; Viral Proteins ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND/AIM: Breast cancer is a common type of cancer in Sudan. Numerous studies propose viral oncogenesis as an etiological factor for breast cancer. The aim of the study was to analyze the presence of the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) using monoclonal antibodies against latent membrane protein 1 (LAMP1) and determine the correlation between the presence of EBV and clinicopathological characteristics.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: This study used immunohistochemistry to analyze the presence of EBV in 202 samples from Sudanese women diagnosed with breast cancer. Clinicopathological data were collected from patient records from the Radiation and Isotopes Centre in Khartoum State, Republic of Sudan.

RESULTS: This study included 202 patients 168 (83.2%), 16 (7.9%), and 18 (8.9%), diagnosed with invasive ductal carcinoma, invasive lobular carcinoma, and papillary carcinoma, respectively. Axillary lymph node metastasis was present in 57 (28.2%) of cases, while 11 patients (5.4%) tested positive for EBV. The mean age of patients was 48.14±14.4 years. EBV infection was more frequently detected in invasive ductal carcinoma cases, and EBV positivity was not associated with cancer type, grade, progesterone levels, and HER2 expression. On the other hand, a statistically significant association was found between EBV presence and lymph node involvement, estrogen receptor status, and age group.

CONCLUSION: EBV may not play a vital role in the pathogenesis of breast carcinoma in Sudanese women.},
}

Adult
Antibodies, Monoclonal
*Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological
*Breast Neoplasms/epidemiology/pathology
*Carcinoma, Ductal/complications
*Epstein-Barr Virus Infections/complications/epidemiology/pathology
Female
Herpesvirus 4, Human
Humans
Incidence
Male
Membrane Proteins
Middle Aged
Viral Proteins

@article {pmid35405500,
year = {2022},
author = {Acevedo, DS and Fang, WB and Rao, V and Penmetcha, V and Leyva, H and Acosta, G and Cote, P and Brodine, R and Swerdlow, R and Tan, L and Lorenzi, PL and Cheng, N},
title = {Regulation of growth, invasion and metabolism of breast ductal carcinoma through CCL2/CCR2 signaling interactions with MET receptor tyrosine kinases.},
journal = {Neoplasia (New York, N.Y.)},
volume = {28},
number = {},
pages = {100791},
doi = {10.1016/j.neo.2022.100791},
pmid = {35405500},
issn = {1476-5586},
support = {P30 CA168524/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States ; R01 CA172764/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Breast Neoplasms/metabolism ; *Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology ; *Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/metabolism ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Chemokine CCL2/genetics ; Disease Progression ; Female ; Humans ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-met/genetics ; Receptors, CCR2/genetics/metabolism ; },
abstract = {With over 60,000 cases diagnosed annually in the US, ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is the most prevalent form of early-stage breast cancer. Because many DCIS cases never progress to invasive ductal carcinomas (IDC), overtreatment remains a significant problem. Up to 20% patients experience disease recurrence, indicating that standard treatments do not effectively treat DCIS for a subset of patients. By understanding the mechanisms of DCIS progression, we can develop new treatment strategies better tailored to patients. The chemokine CCL2 and its receptor CCR2 are known to regulate macrophage recruitment during inflammation and cancer progression. Recent studies indicate that increased CCL2/CCR2 signaling in breast epithelial cells enhance formation of IDC. Here, we characterized the molecular mechanisms important for CCL2/CCR2-mediated DCIS progression. Phospho-protein array profiling revealed that CCL2 stimulated phosphorylation of MET receptor tyrosine kinases in breast cancer cells. Co-immunoprecipitation and proximity ligation assays demonstrated that CCL2-induced MET activity depended on interactions with CCR2 and SRC. Extracellular flux analysis and biochemical assays revealed that CCL2/CCR2 signaling in breast cancer cells enhanced glycolytic enzyme expression and activity. CRISPR knockout and pharmacologic inhibition of MET revealed that CCL2/CCR2-induced breast cancer cell proliferation, survival, migration and glycolysis through MET-dependent mechanisms. In animals, MET inhibitors blocked CCR2-mediated DCIS progression and metabolism. CCR2 and MET were significantly co-expressed in patient DCIS and IDC tissues. In summary, MET receptor activity is an important mechanism for CCL2/CCR2-mediated progression and metabolism of early-stage breast cancer, with important clinical implications.},
}

Animals
*Breast Neoplasms/metabolism
*Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology
*Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/metabolism
Cell Line, Tumor
Chemokine CCL2/genetics
Disease Progression
Female
Humans
Neoplasm Recurrence, Local
Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-met/genetics
Receptors, CCR2/genetics/metabolism

@article {pmid35456414,
year = {2022},
author = {Zadrożna-Nowak, A and Romanowicz, H and Zadrożny, M and Bryś, M and Forma, E and Smolarz, B},
title = {Analysis of Long Non-Coding RNA (lncRNA) uc.38 and uc.63 Expression in Breast Carcinoma Patients.},
journal = {Genes},
volume = {13},
number = {4},
pages = {},
pmid = {35456414},
issn = {2073-4425},
mesh = {*Breast Neoplasms/pathology ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Humans ; Neoplasm Staging ; *RNA, Long Noncoding/genetics/metabolism ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The role of the transcribed ultra-conserved regions (T-UCRs) has not yet been fully discovered, but the studies showed some indications that impaired expression of T-UCRS were present in malignant tumors, including breast cancer.

AIM: The presented work assessed the expression of two transcribed-ultra conserved regions-uc.63 and uc.38-in breast cancer tissue samples.

MATERIAL AND METHODS: The research was carried out on a group of 100 patients with invasive ductal carcinoma and 100 patients (test group) with benign tumors in breast tissue (control group).

RESULTS: As a result of the statistical analysis, it was shown that the expression of uc.63 and uc.38 is statistically significant, and, accordingly, higher (p < 0.0001) and lower (p < 0.0001) in the test group than in the control group. Statistical dependency analysis of the expression of uc.63 and uc.38 and the selected clinical and pathological factors showed that the expression of uc.63 statistically drops with the patient's age (p = 0.04), and is higher in the breast cancer tissue type M1 according to the TNM classification (p = 0.036) and in tissues with overexpressed HER2 (p = 0.035).

CONCLUSION: The obtained results of the statistical analysis indicate a relationship between the expression of uc.63 and uc.38 and the occurrence of breast cancer.},
}

*Breast Neoplasms/pathology
Female
Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
Humans
Neoplasm Staging
*RNA, Long Noncoding/genetics/metabolism

@article {pmid33415472,
year = {2022},
author = {Zimmerman-Brenner, S and Pilowsky-Peleg, T and Rachamim, L and Ben-Zvi, A and Gur, N and Murphy, T and Fattal-Valevski, A and Rotstein, M},
title = {Group behavioral interventions for tics and comorbid symptoms in children with chronic tic disorders.},
journal = {European child & adolescent psychiatry},
volume = {31},
number = {4},
pages = {637-648},
pmid = {33415472},
issn = {1435-165X},
mesh = {Behavior Therapy ; Child ; Comorbidity ; Humans ; Severity of Illness Index ; *Tic Disorders/complications/therapy ; *Tics/therapy ; *Tourette Syndrome/complications/therapy ; },
abstract = {Exposure and Response Prevention (ERP), Habit Reversal Training (HRT) and Comprehensive Behavioral Intervention for Tics (CBIT) are effective in reducing tic severity. ERP and HRT have recently gained primary support in a group setting, while CBIT has not been examined similarly. We compared the efficacy of group-CBIT to group-Educational Intervention for Tics (group-EIT) for tics and comorbid symptoms. Children with Tourette Syndrome (TS) or Chronic Tic Disorder (CTD) were randomized to group-CBIT or group-EIT. Tics and comorbid symptoms were assessed in forty-six children pre- and postintervention, and 3-month later. Yale Global Tic Severity Scale (YGTSS) Motor tic severity decreased following both interventions, and was maintained at follow-up for group-CBIT only. The Parent Tic Questionnaire (PTQ) showed significant decrease in total and motor tic severity following group-CBIT only, a gain maintained three months later. YGTSS impairment score decreased following both interventions and was maintained at follow-up. YGTSS vocal tic severity score increased following both interventions, and then decreased significantly at follow up. Co-morbid symptoms including anxiety, behavioral problems, and aggressive behavior decreased following both interventions. Children with behavioral problems benefitted less while children with higher intellectual ability benefit more from intervention. Both group interventions showed efficacy in reducing tic impairment and comorbid symptoms. Group-CBIT was superior to group-EIT in reducing motor tic severity at 3-month follow-up, showing an advantage for tic-focused treatment. Based on the PTQ, group-CBIT was superior to group-EIT in reducing motor, vocal, and total tic scores, a gain maintained three months later. Clinical trial registry information-Group Intervention for Children with Chronic Tics Syndrome: CBIT vs Psychoeducational Intervention URL: http://clinicaltrials.gov , Identifier: NCT02407951, http://www.controlled-trials.com).},
}

Behavior Therapy
Child
Comorbidity
Humans
Severity of Illness Index
*Tic Disorders/complications/therapy
*Tics/therapy
*Tourette Syndrome/complications/therapy

@article {pmid35231053,
year = {2022},
author = {Troughton, LD and O'Loughlin, DA and Zech, T and Hamill, KJ},
title = {Laminin N-terminus α31 is upregulated in invasive ductal breast cancer and changes the mode of tumour invasion.},
journal = {PloS one},
volume = {17},
number = {3},
pages = {e0264430},
pmid = {35231053},
issn = {1932-6203},
support = {BB/L020513/1/BB_/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom ; BB/P0257731/BB_/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom ; },
mesh = {*Breast Neoplasms/pathology ; *Carcinoma, Ductal ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Movement ; Female ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Laminin/genetics/metabolism ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; },
abstract = {Laminin N-terminus α31 (LaNt α31) is an alternative splice isoform derived from the laminin α3 gene. The LaNt α31 protein is enriched around the terminal duct lobular units in normal breast tissue. In the skin and cornea the protein influences epithelial cell migration and tissue remodelling. However, LaNt α31 has never been investigated in a tumour environment. Here we analysed LaNt α31 in invasive ductal carcinoma and determined its contribution to breast carcinoma invasion. LaNt α31 expression and distribution were analysed by immunohistochemistry in human breast tissue biopsy sections and tissue microarrays covering 232 breast cancer samples. This analysis revealed LaNt α31 to be upregulated in 56% of invasive ductal carcinoma specimens compared with matched normal tissue, and further increased in nodal metastasis compared with the tumour mass in 45% of samples. 65.8% of triple negative cases displayed medium to high LaNt α31 expression. To study LaNt α31 function, an adenoviral system was used to induce expression in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells. 2D cell migration and invasion into collagen hydrogels were not significantly different between LaNt α31 overexpressing cells and control treated cells. However, LaNt α31 overexpression reduced the proliferation rate of MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells. Moreover, LaNt α31 overexpressing MDA-MB-231 cells displayed a striking change in their mode of invasion into laminin-containing Matrigel; changing from multicellular streaming to individual cellular-invasion. In agreement with these results, 66.7% of the tumours with the highest LaNt α31 expression were non-cohesive. Together these findings indicate that breast cancer-associated changes in LaNt α31 expression could contribute to the processes involved in tumour invasion and may represent a new therapeutic target.},
}

*Breast Neoplasms/pathology
*Carcinoma, Ductal
Cell Line, Tumor
Cell Movement
Female
Humans
Immunohistochemistry
Laminin/genetics/metabolism
Neoplasm Invasiveness

@article {pmid34987224,
year = {2022},
author = {Rasmussen, M and Reddy, M and Nolan, R and Camunas-Soler, J and Khodursky, A and Scheller, NM and Cantonwine, DE and Engelbrechtsen, L and Mi, JD and Dutta, A and Brundage, T and Siddiqui, F and Thao, M and Gee, EPS and La, J and Baruch-Gravett, C and Santillan, MK and Deb, S and Ame, SM and Ali, SM and Adkins, M and DePristo, MA and Lee, M and Namsaraev, E and Gybel-Brask, DJ and Skibsted, L and Litch, JA and Santillan, DA and Sazawal, S and Tribe, RM and Roberts, JM and Jain, M and Høgdall, E and Holzman, C and Quake, SR and Elovitz, MA and McElrath, TF},
title = {RNA profiles reveal signatures of future health and disease in pregnancy.},
journal = {Nature},
volume = {601},
number = {7893},
pages = {422-427},
pmid = {34987224},
issn = {1476-4687},
support = {P50 HD103556/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {*Cell-Free Nucleic Acids ; Female ; Humans ; Placenta ; *Pre-Eclampsia/genetics ; Pregnancy ; RNA ; Retrospective Studies ; },
abstract = {Maternal morbidity and mortality continue to rise, and pre-eclampsia is a major driver of this burden1. Yet the ability to assess underlying pathophysiology before clinical presentation to enable identification of pregnancies at risk remains elusive. Here we demonstrate the ability of plasma cell-free RNA (cfRNA) to reveal patterns of normal pregnancy progression and determine the risk of developing pre-eclampsia months before clinical presentation. Our results centre on comprehensive transcriptome data from eight independent prospectively collected cohorts comprising 1,840 racially diverse pregnancies and retrospective analysis of 2,539 banked plasma samples. The pre-eclampsia data include 524 samples (72 cases and 452 non-cases) from two diverse independent cohorts collected 14.5 weeks (s.d., 4.5 weeks) before delivery. We show that cfRNA signatures from a single blood draw can track pregnancy progression at the placental, maternal and fetal levels and can robustly predict pre-eclampsia, with a sensitivity of 75% and a positive predictive value of 32.3% (s.d., 3%), which is superior to the state-of-the-art method2. cfRNA signatures of normal pregnancy progression and pre-eclampsia are independent of clinical factors, such as maternal age, body mass index and race, which cumulatively account for less than 1% of model variance. Further, the cfRNA signature for pre-eclampsia contains gene features linked to biological processes implicated in the underlying pathophysiology of pre-eclampsia.},
}

*Cell-Free Nucleic Acids
Female
Humans
Placenta
*Pre-Eclampsia/genetics
Pregnancy
RNA
Retrospective Studies

@article {pmid34597458,
year = {2021},
author = {Viswanathan, K and Sadow, PM and Maleki, Z and Nishino, M and Baloch, ZW and Abbott, TE and Rao, R and Faquin, WC},
title = {Cytomorphologic features of intraductal salivary gland carcinoma: A multi-institutional study of 13 FNA cases with histologic, molecular, and clinical correlations.},
journal = {Cancer cytopathology},
volume = {129},
number = {12},
pages = {928-946},
doi = {10.1002/cncy.22504},
pmid = {34597458},
issn = {1934-6638},
support = {1PO1CA240239-01//National Cancer Institute of the National Institutes of Health/ ; },
mesh = {Biopsy, Fine-Needle/methods ; *Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/genetics/pathology ; Gene Fusion ; Humans ; *Salivary Gland Neoplasms/pathology ; Salivary Glands/pathology ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Intraductal carcinoma of the salivary gland (IDC) is a rare cancer with potential actionable targets, including RET fusions. Histologic and molecular features of IDC were recently reported, but cytomorphologic data are limited. In the largest multi-institutional fine-needle aspiration (FNA) series, the authors describe the cytomorphologic features of 13 IDC cases with available clinical, radiologic, histopathologic, and molecular data.

METHODS: The cases included 13 FNAs for 9 low-grade (LG) IDCs and 4 high-grade (HG) IDCs with corresponding histopathology and available molecular, imaging, and clinical data. Smears and liquid-based preparations available for 12 FNAs were semiquantitatively scored for key cytomorphologic findings and correlated with the corresponding resection.

RESULTS: LG IDC FNAs showed a cellular, biphasic population of large, atypical ductal cells with mildly pleomorphic nuclei in a clean background and a minor population of small, uniform myoepithelial cells. In contrast, all HG IDC FNAs showed predominantly ductal cells with marked nuclear pleomorphism, coarse chromatin, and necrosis. With the Milan system, most LG and HG IDC FNAs were classified as either salivary gland neoplasms of uncertain malignant potential (54%) or malignant (31%). Immunohistochemistry showed ductal epithelial reactivity with mammaglobin, androgen receptor, and S100, whereas myoepithelial cells were positive for p63 and/or calponin. Among cases with next-generation sequencing, 4 LG IDCs showed NCOA4-RET gene fusions, whereas an HG IDC showed HRAS and PIK3CA mutations.

CONCLUSIONS: The cytomorphology of IDC overlaps with other benign and malignant salivary gland neoplasms. Immunohistochemistry limits the differential diagnosis, but definitive classification requires molecular analysis. A diagnosis of IDC has potential implications for patient management.},
}

Biopsy, Fine-Needle/methods
*Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/genetics/pathology
Gene Fusion
Humans
*Salivary Gland Neoplasms/pathology
Salivary Glands/pathology

@article {pmid34185954,
year = {2022},
author = {Zhao, J and Sun, G and Zhu, S and Dai, J and Chen, J and Zhang, M and Ni, Y and Zhang, H and Shen, P and Zhao, X and Zhang, B and Pan, X and Nie, L and Yin, X and Liang, J and Zhang, X and Wang, Z and Zhu, X and Liao, B and Liu, Z and Armstrong, CM and Gao, AC and Huang, H and Chen, N and Zeng, H},
title = {Circulating tumour DNA reveals genetic traits of patients with intraductal carcinoma of the prostate.},
journal = {BJU international},
volume = {129},
number = {3},
pages = {345-355},
doi = {10.1111/bju.15530},
pmid = {34185954},
issn = {1464-410X},
mesh = {*Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/genetics/pathology ; *Circulating Tumor DNA/genetics ; Humans ; Male ; Phenotype ; Prostate/pathology ; *Prostatic Neoplasms/pathology ; },
abstract = {OBJECTIVES: To investigate the genetic alterations of patients with prostate cancer (PCa) with and without intraductal carcinoma of the prostate (IDC-P).

PATIENTS AND METHODS: We performed targeted sequencing of plasma cell-free DNA on 161 patients with prostate adenocarcinoma (PAC) with IDC-P and 84 without IDC-P. Genomic alterations were compared between these two groups. The association between genetic alterations and patients' survival outcomes was also explored.

RESULTS: We identified that 29.8% (48/161) and 21.4% (18/84) of patients with and without IDC-P harboured genomic alterations in DNA repair pathways, respectively (P = 0.210). Pathogenic germline DNA repair alterations were frequently detected in IDC-P carriers compared to IDC-P non-carriers (11.8% [19/161] vs 2.4% [two of 84], P = 0.024). Germline BReast CAncer type 2 susceptibility protein (BRCA2) and somatic cyclin-dependent kinase 12 (CDK12) defects were specifically identified in IDC-P carriers relative to PAC (BRCA2: 8.7% [14/161] vs 0% and CDK12: 6.8% [11/161] vs 1.2% [one of 84]). Patients with IDC-P had a distinct androgen receptor (AR) pathway alteration, characterised by an enrichment of nuclear receptor corepressor 2 (NCOR2) mutations compared with patients with pure PAC (21.1% [34/161] vs 6.0% [five of 84], P = 0.004). Increased AR alterations were detected in patients harbouring tumours with an IDC-P proportion of ≥10% vs those with an IDC-P proportion of <10% (6.4% [five of 78] vs 18.1% [15/83], P = 0.045). For IDC-P carriers, tumour protein p53 (TP53) mutation was associated with shorter castration-resistant-free survival (median 10.9 vs 28.9 months, P = 0.026), and BRCA2 alteration was related to rapid prostate-specific antigen progression for those receiving abiraterone treatment (median 9.1 vs 11.9 months, P = 0.036).

CONCLUSION: Our findings provide genomic evidence explaining the aggressive phenotype of tumours with IDC-P, highlighting the potential therapeutic strategies for this patient population.},
}

*Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/genetics/pathology
*Circulating Tumor DNA/genetics
Humans
Male
Phenotype
Prostate/pathology
*Prostatic Neoplasms/pathology

@article {pmid33132109,
year = {2021},
author = {Zong, Y and Montironi, R and Massari, F and Jiang, Z and Lopez-Beltran, A and Wheeler, TM and Scarpelli, M and Santoni, M and Cimadamore, A and Cheng, L},
title = {Intraductal Carcinoma of the Prostate: Pathogenesis and Molecular Perspectives.},
journal = {European urology focus},
volume = {7},
number = {5},
pages = {955-963},
doi = {10.1016/j.euf.2020.10.007},
pmid = {33132109},
issn = {2405-4569},
mesh = {*Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/diagnosis/genetics/therapy ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Humans ; Male ; Pelvis/pathology ; Prostate/pathology ; *Prostatic Neoplasms/diagnosis/genetics/therapy ; },
abstract = {Intraductal carcinoma of the prostate (IDC-P), a clinicopathological entity characterized by malignant prostatic epithelial cells growing within ducts and/or acini, has a distinct architectural pattern, cytological features, and biological behavior. Whereas most IDC-P tumors could be derived from adjacent high-grade invasive cancer via retrograde spreading of cancer cells along benign ducts and acini, a small subset of IDC-P may arise from the transformation and intraductal proliferation of precancerous cells induced by various oncogenic events. These isolated IDC-P tumors possess a distinct mutational profile and may function as a carcinoma in situ lesion with de novo intraductal outgrowth of malignant cells. Further molecular characterization of these two types of IDC-P and better understanding of the mechanisms underlying IDC-P formation and progression could be translated into valuable biomarkers for differential diagnosis and actionable targets for therapeutic interventions. PATIENT SUMMARY: Intraductal carcinoma of the prostate is an aggressive type of prostate cancer associated with high risk for local recurrence and distant metastasis. In this review, we discussed pathogenesis, biomarkers, differential diagnoses, and therapeutic strategies for this tumor.},
}

*Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/diagnosis/genetics/therapy
Diagnosis, Differential
Humans
Male
Pelvis/pathology
Prostate/pathology
*Prostatic Neoplasms/diagnosis/genetics/therapy

@article {pmid35137951,
year = {2022},
author = {Weiser, R and Polychronopoulou, E and Hatch, SS and Haque, W and Ghani, HA and He, J and Kuo, YF and Gradishar, WJ and Klimberg, VS},
title = {Adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with invasive lobular carcinoma and use of the 21-gene recurrence score: A National Cancer Database analysis.},
journal = {Cancer},
volume = {128},
number = {9},
pages = {1738-1747},
doi = {10.1002/cncr.34127},
pmid = {35137951},
issn = {1097-0142},
support = {//Courtney M. Townsend, Jr. M.D. Distinguished Chair in General Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX/ ; },
mesh = {*Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy/genetics/pathology ; *Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/drug therapy/genetics ; *Carcinoma, Lobular/drug therapy/genetics/pathology ; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant ; Female ; Humans ; Prognosis ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) is traditionally considered less responsive to chemotherapy. Although the Oncotype recurrence score (RS) has been validated to identify high-risk patients who benefit from chemotherapy, some studies have questioned its relevance in patients with ILC. The objective of this study was to better characterize potential use of the RS in these patients.

METHODS: The National Cancer Database was used to identify women with stage I through III, T1 through T3, N0 or N1, hormone receptor-positive, HER2-negative ILC or invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) who had an available RS between 2010 and 2016. Multivariable Cox regression was used to model the effect of variables on 5-year overall survival (OS). The Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate OS according to the RS, nodal status, and chemotherapy.

RESULTS: In total, 15,763 patients with ILC and 100,070 with IDC were identified. The mean age of patients with ILC and IDC was 59.2 ± 9.1 and 57.2 ± 9.8, respectively. A lower percentage of patients with ILC versus those with IDC had a high RS, defined as >25 (6.6% vs 16.0%; P < .0001). ILC patients with a high RS who had N0 or N1 disease received approximately 10% less chemotherapy compared with similar patients who had IDC. The results indicated that the RS had statistically significant prognostic value for patients with ILC. In addition, an absolute OS advantage was correlated with the receipt of chemotherapy by patients with ILC who had a high RS with N0 or N1 disease.

CONCLUSIONS: Patients with ILC who have a high RS are treated less often with chemotherapy compared with similar patients who have IDC. Nevertheless, the RS has a prognostic as well as a predictive value in ILC, with an association between OS benefit and chemotherapy receipt in patients who have ILC with a high RS, especially if they have N1 disease.

LAY SUMMARY: Invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) is a subtype of breast cancer comprising about 15% of cases. The Oncotype recurrence score (RS) is a genetic test of breast tumors that helps predict which patients might benefit from chemotherapy. Some have doubted the relevance of the RS for patients with ILC. In this study, the authors show that the RS is relevant for patients who have ILC. The RS has the potential of predicting the risk of recurrence and identifying patients with ILC who might benefit from chemotherapy.},
}

*Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy/genetics/pathology
*Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/drug therapy/genetics
*Carcinoma, Lobular/drug therapy/genetics/pathology
Chemotherapy, Adjuvant
Female
Humans
Prognosis

@article {pmid35393463,
year = {2022},
author = {Foroozani, E and Akbari, A and Amanat, S and Rashidi, N and Bastam, D and Ataee, S and Sharifnia, G and Faraouei, M and Dianatinasab, M and Safdari, H},
title = {Adherence to a western dietary pattern and risk of invasive ductal and lobular breast carcinomas: a case-control study.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {12},
number = {1},
pages = {5859},
pmid = {35393463},
issn = {2045-2322},
mesh = {*Breast Neoplasms/complications/etiology ; *Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/complications/etiology ; *Carcinoma, Lobular/epidemiology/etiology/pathology ; Case-Control Studies ; Diet, Western ; Female ; Humans ; },
abstract = {Little is known about the role of diet in the risk of invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) and invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) of the breast, the most common histological subtypes of breast cancer (BC). This is because, the majority of studies on the association of diet and the risk of BC are focused on single food items, and studies considering the overall diet in terms of dietary patterns are limited. Also, the potential heterogeneity in the impact of Western diet (WD) on histological subtypes of BC is not established. This, the age-frequency-matched case-control study included 1009 incident BC cases and 1009 healthy controls. The required data was obtained from the patients' medical files and interviews using a previously validated researcher-designed questionnaire for collecting data on socio-economic and anthropometric statuses and a valid food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) to measure the participants' dietary intake. We used multinomial logistic regression, and odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. A positive and significant association was observed between higher adherence to a WD and risk of IDC (OR comparing highest with the lowest tertile: 2.45, 95% CI 1.88, 3.17; p-trend < 0.001), whereas no significant association was observed between adherence to the WD and the risk of ILC (OR comparing highest with the lowest tertile: 1.63, 95% CI 0.63, 3.25) (p for heterogeneity = 0.03). The results of an analysis stratified by menopausal status suggested a similar pattern. We provided evidence that adherence to a WD raises the risk of IDC, but not ILC, suggesting different etiological mechanisms for IDC and ILC.},
}

*Breast Neoplasms/complications/etiology
*Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/complications/etiology
*Carcinoma, Lobular/epidemiology/etiology/pathology
Case-Control Studies
Diet, Western
Female
Humans

@article {pmid35389579,
year = {2022},
author = {Clarey, D and DiMaio, D and Trowbridge, R},
title = {Deep Sweet Syndrome Secondary to Pegfilgrastim.},
journal = {Journal of drugs in dermatology : JDD},
volume = {21},
number = {4},
pages = {422-424},
doi = {10.36849/JDD.4794},
pmid = {35389579},
issn = {1545-9616},
mesh = {Filgrastim/adverse effects ; Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor/adverse effects ; Humans ; Polyethylene Glycols/adverse effects ; *Sweet Syndrome/chemically induced/diagnosis/drug therapy ; },
abstract = {Sweet syndrome, or acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis, is a skin condition consisting of erythematous papules and plaques in association with fever, neutrophilia, and a neutrophilic infiltrate that typically involves the papillary dermis. Although development is most commonly idiopathic, medications are also frequently associated with the eruption, notably, the granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), filgrastim. Pegylated G-CSF, despite similar activity, is not commonly reported, with only four published cases. We present a case of drug-induced sweet syndrome with unique histologic features (deep inflammatory infiltrate) in association with the usage of pegfilgrastim in the treatment of invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast. J Drugs Dermatol. 2022;21(4):422-424. doi:10.36849/JDD.4794.},
}

Filgrastim/adverse effects
Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor/adverse effects
Humans
Polyethylene Glycols/adverse effects
*Sweet Syndrome/chemically induced/diagnosis/drug therapy

@article {pmid35178446,
year = {2022},
author = {Li, X and Zhao, G and Mi, X and Xu, T and Li, X and Liu, B},
title = {Ajuba Overexpression Promotes Breast Cancer Chemoresistance and Glucose Uptake through TAZ-GLUT3/Survivin Pathway.},
journal = {BioMed research international},
volume = {2022},
number = {},
pages = {3321409},
pmid = {35178446},
issn = {2314-6141},
mesh = {*Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy/genetics/metabolism ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Glucose ; Glucose Transporter Type 3/metabolism ; Humans ; LIM Domain Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Muscle Proteins/metabolism ; Survivin/genetics ; TEA Domain Transcription Factors ; Transcription Factors/genetics/metabolism ; },
abstract = {The LIM protein Ajuba has been implicated in the development of human cancers. To date, its expression pattern and biological significance in breast cancers (BC) have not been fully investigated. In the current study, we examined Ajuba protein levels in 93 invasive ductal carcinoma specimens by immunohistochemistry. The Ajuba expression level was elevated in breast cancer tissue compared with normal tissue. Ajuba overexpression is correlated with advanced tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stage, positive node status, and adverse patient outcomes. The Ajuba protein level was also higher in BC cell lines compared to normal breast epithelial cell line MCF-10A. Ectopically expressed Ajuba in MCF-7 cells stimulated in vitro and in vivo cell growth, invasion, cell cycle progression, and decreased paclitaxel-induced apoptosis. RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) followed by gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) analysis showed that Ajuba overexpression regulated the Hippo signaling pathway. Ajuba overexpression also increased glucose uptake and increased expression of TAZ, GLUT3, and Survivin. TAZ knockdown abolished the role of Ajuba on GLUT3 and Survivin induction. The ChIP assay showed that TEAD4, a major TAZ binding transcription factor, could bind to the GLUT3 and Survivin promoter regions. In conclusion, our data demonstrated that elevated Ajuba expression is correlated with poor BC prognosis and regulated malignant behavior through TAZ-GLUT3/Survivin signaling in BC cells.},
}

*Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy/genetics/metabolism
Cell Line, Tumor
Cell Proliferation
DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
Female
Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
Glucose
Glucose Transporter Type 3/metabolism
Humans
LIM Domain Proteins/genetics/metabolism
Muscle Proteins/metabolism
Survivin/genetics
TEA Domain Transcription Factors
Transcription Factors/genetics/metabolism

@article {pmid35340411,
year = {2022},
author = {Du, W and Miao, Y and Zhang, G and Luo, G and Yang, P and Chen, F and Zhang, B and Yang, C and Li, G and Chang, J},
title = {The Regulatory Role of Neuropeptide Gene Glucagon in Colorectal Cancer: A Comprehensive Bioinformatic Analysis.},
journal = {Disease markers},
volume = {2022},
number = {},
pages = {4262600},
pmid = {35340411},
issn = {1875-8630},
mesh = {Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism ; *Colonic Neoplasms/genetics ; Computational Biology ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; *Glucagon/genetics/metabolism ; Humans ; },
abstract = {Background: Colorectal cancer is highly prevalent and causes high global mortality, and glucagon axis has been implicated in colon cancer. The present study is aimed at investigating the regulating mechanisms of glucagon involvement in colorectal cancer.

Methods: Publicly available data from the TCGA database was utilized to explore the expression pattern and regulating role of glucagon (GCG) in colorectal cancer (COADREAD) including colon adenocarcinomas (COAD) and rectum adenocarcinomas (READ). Statistical analyses were performed using the R software packages and public web servers. The expression pattern and prognostic significance of GCG gene in pan-cancer and TCGA-COADREAD data were investigated by performing unpaired and paired sample analyses. The association of GCG expression with clinical characteristics was investigated using logistic regression analysis. Univariate cox regression analysis was performed to test the prognostic value of GCG expression for overall survival in COADREAD patients. GCG-significantly correlated genes were obtained. Biological functions and signaling pathways were identified by performing functional enrichment analysis and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA). Additionally, the potential involvement of GCG in tumor immunity was researched by investigating the correlation between GCG expression and 24 tumor infiltrating immune cells.

Results: GCG was found to be significantly downregulated in COADREAD tumor samples compared with healthy control samples. GCG gene was shown to be associated with the prognostic outcomes of COADREAD, whereby its upregulation predicted improved survival outcomes. Functional enrichment analysis showed that the top 100 positively and top 100 negatively GCG-correlated genes were mainly enriched in three signaling pathways including ribosome, nitrogen metabolism, and proximal tubule bicarbonate reclamation. The GSEA showed that GCG-significantly correlated genes were mainly enriched in cell cycle-related pathways (reactome cell cycle, reactome cell cycle mitotic, reactome cell cycle checkpoints, reactome M phase, Reactome G2 M DNA damage checkpoint, and Reactome G2 M checkpoints), neuropeptide ligand receptor interaction, RHO GTPases signaling, WNT signaling, RUNX1 signaling, NOTCH signaling, ESR signaling, HCMV infection, and oxidative stress-related signaling. GCG was positively correlated with Th17 cells, pDC, macrophages, TFH cells, iDC, Tem, B cells, dendritic cells, neutrophils, mast cells, and eosinophils and was negatively associated with NK cells.

Conclusions: GCG dysregulation with high prognostic value in COADREAD was noted. Several tumor progression-related pathways and tumor immune-modulatory cells were linked to GCG expression in COADREAD. Therefore, GCG may be regarded as a potential therapeutic target for treating colorectal cancer.},
}

Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
*Colonic Neoplasms/genetics
Computational Biology
Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
*Glucagon/genetics/metabolism
Humans

@article {pmid34083791,
year = {2021},
author = {Zhao, E and Stone, MR and Ren, X and Guenthoer, J and Smythe, KS and Pulliam, T and Williams, SR and Uytingco, CR and Taylor, SEB and Nghiem, P and Bielas, JH and Gottardo, R},
title = {Spatial transcriptomics at subspot resolution with BayesSpace.},
journal = {Nature biotechnology},
volume = {39},
number = {11},
pages = {1375-1384},
pmid = {34083791},
issn = {1546-1696},
support = {P30 CA015704/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States ; S10 OD028685/OD/NIH HHS/United States ; P01 CA225517/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States ; F30 CA254168/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States ; T32 CA080416/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Bayes Theorem ; Cluster Analysis ; Gene Expression Profiling/methods ; Sequence Analysis, RNA/methods ; *Single-Cell Analysis/methods ; *Transcriptome/genetics ; },
abstract = {Recent spatial gene expression technologies enable comprehensive measurement of transcriptomic profiles while retaining spatial context. However, existing analysis methods do not address the limited resolution of the technology or use the spatial information efficiently. Here, we introduce BayesSpace, a fully Bayesian statistical method that uses the information from spatial neighborhoods for resolution enhancement of spatial transcriptomic data and for clustering analysis. We benchmark BayesSpace against current methods for spatial and non-spatial clustering and show that it improves identification of distinct intra-tissue transcriptional profiles from samples of the brain, melanoma, invasive ductal carcinoma and ovarian adenocarcinoma. Using immunohistochemistry and an in silico dataset constructed from scRNA-seq data, we show that BayesSpace resolves tissue structure that is not detectable at the original resolution and identifies transcriptional heterogeneity inaccessible to histological analysis. Our results illustrate BayesSpace's utility in facilitating the discovery of biological insights from spatial transcriptomic datasets.},
}

Bayes Theorem
Cluster Analysis
Gene Expression Profiling/methods
Sequence Analysis, RNA/methods
*Single-Cell Analysis/methods
*Transcriptome/genetics

@article {pmid35348061,
year = {2021},
author = {Khan, NA and Nguyen, ST and Teh, PG and Ranpura, VN and Bhatia, T},
title = {Duodenal Metastasis in Triple-Negative Invasive Ductal Breast Carcinoma With Negative Mammography: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.},
journal = {The Permanente journal},
volume = {25},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {35348061},
issn = {1552-5775},
mesh = {*Breast Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging/pathology ; *Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/diagnostic imaging/pathology/secondary ; *Carcinoma, Lobular/pathology/secondary ; Female ; Humans ; Mammography ; Receptors, Estrogen ; },
abstract = {Breast cancer metastasis to the gastrointestinal tract is uncommon, and duodenal involvement is exceptionally rare. Those cases that do metastasize are reported to be lobular, with ductal carcinomas comprising only a small percentage of reported cases. Furthermore, these invasive carcinomas are typically estrogen receptor-, progesterone receptor-positive ± human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 malignancies. We present a unique case of a patient with duodenal metastasis as the first sign of metastatic breast cancer. The rarity of this case is highlighted by the fact that the patient had no known breast malignancy, and pathological findings revealed triple-negative invasive ductal carcinoma consistent with primary breast cancer. Diagnostic mammogram and ultrasound were negative for any lesions.},
}

*Breast Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging/pathology
*Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/diagnostic imaging/pathology/secondary
*Carcinoma, Lobular/pathology/secondary
Female
Humans
Mammography
Receptors, Estrogen

@article {pmid35343265,
year = {2022},
author = {Zhao, CM and Li, LL and Xu, JW and Li, ZW and Shi, P and Jiang, R},
title = {LINC00092 Suppresses the Malignant Progression of Breast Invasive Ductal Carcinoma Through Modulating SFRP1 Expression by Sponging miR-1827.},
journal = {Cell transplantation},
volume = {31},
number = {},
pages = {9636897221086967},
pmid = {35343265},
issn = {1555-3892},
mesh = {*Carcinoma, Ductal/genetics ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Movement/genetics ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Humans ; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Membrane Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; *MicroRNAs/genetics/metabolism ; },
abstract = {Breast invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) is a most common kind of breast cancer (BC), yet to date the corresponding effective therapies are limited. Extensive evidence has indicated that lncRNAs are involved in multiple cancers, and the potential mechanism of lncRNAs, such as LINC00092, mentioned in IDC remains elusive. IDC clinical samples from TCGA database were used to analyze the expression levels of LINC00092, miR-1827 and SFRP1. Kaplan-Meier method was applied to plot the overall survival curves. KEGG and GO were employed to screen the pathway that LINC00092 participated in. Pearson's correlation analysis determined the relationship between LINC00092 and SFRP1. Bioinformatics analysis and dual-luciferase reporter assay examined the association among LINC00092, miR-1827, and SFRP1. Cell counting kit-8, colony formation and transwell assays were performed to detect cell viability, colony formation, and migration and invasion, respectively. Quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction and western blot were utilized to investigate the expression at RNA and protein levels. LINC00092 expression was down-regulated in IDC tissues and cells, which was correlated with poor prognosis. Down-regulated LINC00092 facilitated cell proliferation, colony formation, and cell migration and invasion, while up-regulated LINC00092 inhibited cell malignant behaviors. LINC00092/SFRP1 physically bound to miR-1827 in IDC. SFRP1 expression was proportional to LINC00092 expression and inversely proportional to miR-1827 expression. The inhibitory effects of LINC00092 on cell aggressive behaviors were partially regulated by miR-1827/SFRP1. In summary, our results indicated that overexpression of LINC00092 inhibited the development of IDC through modulating miR-1827/SFRP1 axis, suggesting new therapeutic targets to treat IDC.},
}

*Carcinoma, Ductal/genetics
Cell Line, Tumor
Cell Movement/genetics
Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
Humans
Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/genetics/metabolism
Membrane Proteins/genetics/metabolism
*MicroRNAs/genetics/metabolism

@article {pmid34999280,
year = {2022},
author = {Kotschi, S and Jung, A and Willemsen, N and Ofoghi, A and Proneth, B and Conrad, M and Bartelt, A},
title = {NFE2L1-mediated proteasome function protects from ferroptosis.},
journal = {Molecular metabolism},
volume = {57},
number = {},
pages = {101436},
doi = {10.1016/j.molmet.2022.101436},
pmid = {34999280},
issn = {2212-8778},
mesh = {Animals ; *Ferroptosis ; Homeostasis ; Humans ; Mice ; Mitochondria/metabolism ; NF-E2-Related Factor 1/genetics/metabolism ; Phospholipid Hydroperoxide Glutathione Peroxidase ; Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex/metabolism ; },
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Ferroptosis continues to emerge as a novel modality of cell death with important therapeutic implications for a variety of diseases, most notably cancer and degenerative diseases. While susceptibility, initiation, and execution of ferroptosis have been linked to reprogramming of cellular lipid metabolism, imbalances in iron-redox homeostasis, and aberrant mitochondrial respiration, the detailed mechanisms of ferroptosis are still insufficiently well understood.

METHODS AND RESULTS: Here we show that diminished proteasome function is a new mechanistic feature of ferroptosis. The transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid-2, like-1 (NFE2L1) protects from ferroptosis by sustaining proteasomal activity. In cellular systems, loss of NFE2L1 reduced cellular viability after the induction of both chemically and genetically induced ferroptosis, which was linked to the regulation of proteasomal activity under these conditions. Importantly, this was reproduced in a Sedaghatian-type Spondylometaphyseal Dysplasia (SSMD) patient-derived cell line carrying mutated glutathione peroxidase-4 (GPX4), a critical regulator of ferroptosis. Also, reduced proteasomal activity was associated with ferroptosis in Gpx4-deficient mice. In a mouse model for genetic Nfe2l1 deficiency, we observed brown adipose tissue (BAT) involution, hyperubiquitination of ferroptosis regulators, including the GPX4 pathway, and other hallmarks of ferroptosis.

CONCLUSION: Our data highlight the relevance of the NFE2L1-proteasome pathway in ferroptosis. Manipulation of NFE2L1 activity might enhance ferroptosis-inducing cancer therapies as well as protect from aberrant ferroptosis in neurodegeneration, general metabolism, and beyond.},
}

Animals
*Ferroptosis
Homeostasis
Humans
Mice
Mitochondria/metabolism
NF-E2-Related Factor 1/genetics/metabolism
Phospholipid Hydroperoxide Glutathione Peroxidase
Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex/metabolism

@article {pmid33828234,
year = {2022},
author = {Hu, A and Hong, F and Li, D and Xie, Q and Chen, K and Zhu, L and He, H},
title = {KDM3B-ETF1 fusion gene downregulates LMO2 via the WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway, promoting metastasis of invasive ductal carcinoma.},
journal = {Cancer gene therapy},
volume = {29},
number = {2},
pages = {215-224},
pmid = {33828234},
issn = {1476-5500},
mesh = {Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/genetics/metabolism ; Animals ; *Breast Neoplasms/genetics/pathology ; *Carcinoma, Ductal/genetics ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Movement/genetics ; Cell Proliferation/genetics ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Humans ; Jumonji Domain-Containing Histone Demethylases/genetics/metabolism ; LIM Domain Proteins ; Mice ; Mice, Nude ; Neoplasm Invasiveness/genetics ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Wnt Signaling Pathway ; beta Catenin/genetics/metabolism ; },
abstract = {Breast cancer is the most common malignancy for women, with invasive ductal carcinoma being the largest subtype of breast cancers, accounting for 75-80% of cases. However, the underlying mechanism of invasive ductal carcinoma remains unclear. In this study, we investigate the possible effects KDM3B-ETF1 fusion gene has on breast cancer cell metastasis, invasion and its downstream signaling mediators as revealed from RNA sequence data analysis. As predicted, KDM3B-ETF1 expression was increased in breast cancer tissues and cells. Overexpression of KDM3B-ETF1 in cancer cell lines promoted the growth and invasion of breast cancer cells, while KDM3B-ETF1 knockdown showed the opposite effects on malignant cell growth and invasion both in vivo and in vitro as evidenced by cell counting kit-8, Transwell assay and tumor xenograft in nude mice. On the contrary, LIM Domain Only 2 (LMO2) expression was significantly reduced in breast cancer tissues and cells. According to chromatin immunoprecipitation and Western blot analysis, KDM3B-ETF1 targets LMO2 and reduced the expression of LMO2, leading to an increase in WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway and thus promoting invasion. In conclusion, fusion gene KDM3B-ETF1 inhibits LMO2, activates the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway that leads to increased breast cancer cell invasion and metastasis, providing a novel insight into developing therapeutic strategies. These results provide novel insights into the molecular mechanism of invasive ductal carcinomas, which may lead to potential therapeutic targets.},
}

Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/genetics/metabolism
Animals
*Breast Neoplasms/genetics/pathology
*Carcinoma, Ductal/genetics
Cell Line, Tumor
Cell Movement/genetics
Cell Proliferation/genetics
Female
Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
Humans
Jumonji Domain-Containing Histone Demethylases/genetics/metabolism
LIM Domain Proteins
Mice
Mice, Nude
Neoplasm Invasiveness/genetics
Proto-Oncogene Proteins/genetics/metabolism
Wnt Signaling Pathway
beta Catenin/genetics/metabolism

@article {pmid33667646,
year = {2021},
author = {He, B and Chen, J and Song, W and Bai, Y},
title = {miR-646/TET1 mediated demethylation of IRX1 promoter upregulates HIST2H2BE and promotes the progression of invasive ductal carcinoma.},
journal = {Genomics},
volume = {113},
number = {3},
pages = {1469-1481},
doi = {10.1016/j.ygeno.2020.12.044},
pmid = {33667646},
issn = {1089-8646},
mesh = {*Carcinoma, Ductal ; Cell Line, Tumor ; DNA Methylation ; Demethylation ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Homeodomain Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Humans ; *MicroRNAs/genetics/metabolism ; Mixed Function Oxygenases/genetics/metabolism ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Transcription Factors/genetics/metabolism ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: This study aimed to explore role of miR-646 in breast IDC.

METHODS: miR-646, TET1, IRX1, and HIST2H2BE expression was detected by RT-qPCR and/or Western blot analysis. The methylation status of IRX1 promoter region was evaluated by methylation specific PCR. ChIP assay was used to determine the enrichment of TET1 at IRX1 promoter region. Loss- and gain-of functions were performed to determine the roles of miR-646, TET1, IRX1, and HIST2H2BE in cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis. The tumor growth, volume, weight, and apoptosis status were measured.

RESULTS: miR-646 was upregulated while TET1 was downregulated in IDC tissues. miR-646 targeted TET1. Downregulated TET1 impairs demethylation of IRX1 promoter region resulting in reduced expression of IRX1, which subsequently leads to upregulation of HIST2H2BE in IDC. Consequently, elevated HIST2H2BE promotes progression of IDC.

CONCLUSION: Our study has demonstrated that miR-646 facilitates the tumorigenesis of IDC via regulating TET1/IRX1/HIST2H2BE axis.},
}

*Carcinoma, Ductal
Cell Line, Tumor
DNA Methylation
Demethylation
Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
Homeodomain Proteins/genetics/metabolism
Humans
*MicroRNAs/genetics/metabolism
Mixed Function Oxygenases/genetics/metabolism
Promoter Regions, Genetic
Proto-Oncogene Proteins/genetics/metabolism
Transcription Factors/genetics/metabolism

@article {pmid35155685,
year = {2022},
author = {Zhang, L and Du, J and Song, Q and Zhang, C and Wu, X},
title = {A Novel In Situ Dendritic Cell Vaccine Triggered by Rose Bengal Enhances Adaptive Antitumour Immunity.},
journal = {Journal of immunology research},
volume = {2022},
number = {},
pages = {1178874},
pmid = {35155685},
issn = {2314-7156},
mesh = {Adaptive Immunity ; Animals ; Antigen Presentation ; Antigens, Neoplasm/immunology ; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/*immunology ; Cancer Vaccines/*immunology ; Cell Differentiation ; Dendritic Cells/*immunology/transplantation ; Humans ; Immunization ; Immunotherapy/*methods ; Lung Neoplasms/*immunology/secondary ; Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/*immunology ; Melanoma/*immunology/pathology ; Melanoma, Experimental ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Rose Bengal/metabolism ; },
abstract = {Dendritic cell- (DC-) based vaccination has emerged as a promising antitumour immunotherapy. However, overcoming immune tolerance and immunosuppression in the tumour microenvironment (TME) is still a great challenge. Recent studies have shown that Rose Bengal (RB) can effectively induce immunogenic cell death (ICD) in cancer cells, presenting whole tumour antigens for DC processing and presentation. However, the synergistic antitumour effect of combining intralesional RB with immature DCs (RB-iDCs) remains unclear. In the present study, we investigated whether RB-iDCs have superior antitumour effects compared with either single agent and evaluated the immunological mechanism of RB-iDCs in a murine lung cancer model. The results showed that intralesional RB-iDCs suppressed subcutaneous tumour growth and lung metastasis, which resulted in 100% mouse survival and significantly increased TNF-α production by CD8+ T cells. These effects were closely related to the induction of the expression of distinct ICD hallmarks by RB in both bulk cancer cells and cancer stem cells (CSCs), especially calreticulin (CRT), thus enhancing immune effector cell (i.e., CD4+, CD8+, and memory T cells) infiltration and attenuating the accumulation of immunosuppressive cells (i.e., Tregs, macrophages, and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs)) in the TME. This study reveals that the RB-iDC vaccine can synergistically destroy the primary tumour, inhibit distant metastasis, and prevent tumour relapse in a lung cancer mouse model, which provides important preclinical data for the development of a novel combinatorial immunotherapy.},
}

Adaptive Immunity
Animals
Antigen Presentation
Antigens, Neoplasm/immunology
CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/*immunology
Cancer Vaccines/*immunology
Cell Differentiation
Dendritic Cells/*immunology/transplantation
Humans
Immunization
Immunotherapy/*methods
Lung Neoplasms/*immunology/secondary
Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/*immunology
Melanoma/*immunology/pathology
Melanoma, Experimental
Mice
Mice, Inbred C57BL
Rose Bengal/metabolism

@article {pmid34812516,
year = {2022},
author = {Verbrugge, SAJ and Alhusen, JA and Kempin, S and Pillon, NJ and Rozman, J and Wackerhage, H and Kleinert, M},
title = {Genes controlling skeletal muscle glucose uptake and their regulation by endurance and resistance exercise.},
journal = {Journal of cellular biochemistry},
volume = {123},
number = {2},
pages = {202-214},
doi = {10.1002/jcb.30179},
pmid = {34812516},
issn = {1097-4644},
mesh = {Animals ; *Blood Glucose/genetics/metabolism ; *Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/genetics/metabolism ; Humans ; Insulin Resistance/*genetics ; Muscle, Skeletal/*metabolism ; Physical Endurance/*genetics ; *Resistance Training ; },
abstract = {Exercise improves the insulin sensitivity of glucose uptake in skeletal muscle. Due to that, exercise has become a cornerstone treatment for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The mechanisms by which exercise improves skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity are, however, incompletely understood. We conducted a systematic review to identify all genes whose gain or loss of function alters skeletal muscle glucose uptake. We subsequently cross-referenced these genes with recently generated data sets on exercise-induced gene expression and signaling. Our search revealed 176 muscle glucose-uptake genes, meaning that their genetic manipulation altered glucose uptake in skeletal muscle. Notably, exercise regulates the expression or phosphorylation of more than 50% of the glucose-uptake genes or their protein products. This included many genes that previously have not been associated with exercise-induced insulin sensitivity. Interestingly, endurance and resistance exercise triggered some common but mostly unique changes in expression and phosphorylation of glucose-uptake genes or their protein products. Collectively, our work provides a resource of potentially new molecular effectors that play a role in the incompletely understood regulation of muscle insulin sensitivity by exercise.},
}

Animals
*Blood Glucose/genetics/metabolism
*Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/genetics/metabolism
Humans
Insulin Resistance/*genetics
Muscle, Skeletal/*metabolism
Physical Endurance/*genetics
*Resistance Training

@article {pmid34778983,
year = {2022},
author = {O'Donnell, AJ and Greischar, MA and Reece, SE},
title = {Mistimed malaria parasites re-synchronize with host feeding-fasting rhythms by shortening the duration of intra-erythrocytic development.},
journal = {Parasite immunology},
volume = {44},
number = {3},
pages = {e12898},
doi = {10.1111/pim.12898},
pmid = {34778983},
issn = {1365-3024},
mesh = {Animals ; Circadian Rhythm/physiology ; Fasting ; *Malaria/parasitology/prevention & control ; *Parasites ; *Plasmodium chabaudi/physiology ; },
abstract = {AIMS: Malaria parasites exhibit daily rhythms in the intra-erythrocytic development cycle (IDC) that underpins asexual replication in the blood. The IDC schedule is aligned with the timing of host feeding-fasting rhythms. When the IDC schedule is perturbed to become mismatched to host rhythms, it readily reschedules but it is not known how.

METHODS: We intensively follow four groups of infections that have different temporal alignments between host rhythms and the IDC schedule for 10 days, before and after the peak in asexual densities. We compare how the duration, synchrony and timing of the IDC differs between parasites in control infections and those forced to reschedule by 12 hours and ask whether the density of parasites affects the rescheduling process.

RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Our experiments reveal parasites shorten the IDC duration by 2-3 hours to become realigned to host feeding-fasting rhythms with 5-6 days, in a density-independent manner. Furthermore, parasites are able to reschedule without significant fitness costs for them or their hosts. Understanding the extent of, and limits on, plasticity in the IDC schedule may reveal targets for novel interventions, such as drugs to disrupt IDC regulation and preventing IDC dormancy conferring tolerance to existing drugs.},
}

Animals
Circadian Rhythm/physiology
Fasting
*Malaria/parasitology/prevention & control
*Parasites
*Plasmodium chabaudi/physiology

@article {pmid33945869,
year = {2021},
author = {Sethy, C and Goutam, K and Das, B and Dash, SR and Kundu, CN},
title = {Nectin-4 promotes lymphangiogenesis and lymphatic metastasis in breast cancer by regulating CXCR4-LYVE-1 axis.},
journal = {Vascular pharmacology},
volume = {140},
number = {},
pages = {106865},
doi = {10.1016/j.vph.2021.106865},
pmid = {33945869},
issn = {1879-3649},
mesh = {*Breast Neoplasms/genetics/metabolism/pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Lymphangiogenesis/physiology ; Lymphatic Metastasis/pathology ; *Lymphatic Vessels/metabolism ; Nectins/metabolism ; Receptors, CXCR4/metabolism ; },
abstract = {Tumor-induced lymphangiogenesis promotes tumor progression by generating new lymphatic vessels that helps in tumor dissemination to regional lymph nodes and distant sites. Recently, the role of Nectin-4 in cancer metastasis and angiogenesis has been studied, but its role in lymphangiogenesis is unknown. Here, we systematically delineated the role of Nectin-4 in lymphangiogenesis and its regulation in invasive duct carcinoma (IDC). Nectin-4 expression positively correlated with occurrence risk factors associated with breast cancer (alcohol, smoke, lifestyle habit, etc), CXCR4 expression, and LYVE-1-lymphatic vessel density (LVD). LVD was significantly higher in axillary lymph node (ALN) than primary tumor. Depleting Nectin-4, VEGF-C or both attenuated the important lymphangiogenic marker LYVE-1 expression, tube formation, and migration of ALN derived primary cells. Nectin-4 stimulated the expressions of CXCR4 and CXCL12 under hypoxic conditions in ALN derived primary cells. Further, Nectin-4 augmented expressions of lymphatic metastatic markers (e.g. eNOS, TGF-β, CD-105) and MMPs. Induced expressions of Nectin-4 along with other representative metastatic markers were noted in lymph and blood circulating tumor cells (LCTCs and BCTCs) of local and distant metastatic samples. Thus, Nectin-4 displayed a predominant role in promoting tumor-induced lymphangiogenesis and lymphatic metastasis by modulating CXCR4/CXCL12-LYVE-1- axis.},
}

*Breast Neoplasms/genetics/metabolism/pathology
Female
Humans
Lymphangiogenesis/physiology
Lymphatic Metastasis/pathology
*Lymphatic Vessels/metabolism
Nectins/metabolism
Receptors, CXCR4/metabolism

@article {pmid35311108,
year = {2022},
author = {Zhang, J and Chang, CL and Lu, CY and Chen, HM and Wu, SY},
title = {Anesthesia With Propofol Sedation Reduces Locoregional Recurrence in Patients With Breast Cancer Receiving Total Mastectomy Compared With Non-Propofol Anesthesia.},
journal = {Frontiers in oncology},
volume = {12},
number = {},
pages = {708632},
pmid = {35311108},
issn = {2234-943X},
abstract = {Purpose: We examined locoregional recurrence (LRR) in patients with breast invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) receiving total mastectomy (TM) under propofol-based paravertebral block-regional anesthesia (PB-RA) versus sevoflurane-based inhalational general anesthesia (INHA-GA) without propofol. All-cause death and distant metastasis were secondary endpoints.

Patients and Methods: Patients with breast IDC receiving TM were recruited through propensity score matching and categorized into INHA-GA with sevoflurane and PB-RA with propofol groups. Cox regression analysis was performed to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Results: In the multivariate Cox regression analysis, the adjusted HR (aHR; 95% CI) of LRR for the PB-RA with propofol group was 0.52 (0.28-0.96) compared with the INHA-GA with sevoflurane group. The aHRs of LRR for differentiation grade II, grade III, the American Joint Committee on Cancer clinical stage II, stage III, pathological tumor (pT) stage 2, pT stage 3-4, pathological nodal (pN) stage 1, and pN stage 2-3 were 1.16 (1.04-2.08), 1.28 (1.07-2.12), 3.71 (1.82-7.59), 4.67 (1.65-13.18), 1.09 (1.02-1.21), 1.17 (1.03-2.16), 1.10 (1.03-1.33), and 1.22 (1.06-2.41), respectively, compared with differentiation grade I, clinical stage I, pT1, and pN0. The aHR of LRR for adjuvant RT was 0.88 (0.64-0.94) compared with that for no adjuvant RT.

Conclusion: PB-RA with propofol might be beneficial for reducing LRR in women with breast IDC receiving TM compared with INHA-GA without propofol.},
}