@article {pmid40578985,
year = {2025},
author = {Woo, HY and Jung, YY and Kim, HS},
title = {Metastatic Invasive Lobular Breast Carcinoma Involving Tamoxifen-related Endometrial Polyp in a Patient With Metachronous Bilateral Breast Carcinomas: A Case Report.},
journal = {In vivo (Athens, Greece)},
volume = {39},
number = {4},
pages = {2456-2463},
doi = {10.21873/invivo.14046},
pmid = {40578985},
issn = {1791-7549},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; *Tamoxifen/adverse effects/therapeutic use ; *Breast Neoplasms/pathology/drug therapy/diagnosis ; Adult ; *Polyps/pathology/diagnosis/chemically induced ; *Carcinoma, Lobular/pathology/drug therapy/diagnosis ; *Endometrial Neoplasms/secondary/diagnosis/pathology ; Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal/adverse effects ; *Neoplasms, Second Primary/pathology ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND/AIM: Metastasis of extragenital malignancies to the female genital tract, particularly the uterus, is exceedingly rare. Invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) is the most common histological type of breast carcinoma that metastasizes to gynecologic organs.

CASE REPORT: A 42-year-old woman receiving tamoxifen presented with an irregularly thickened endometrium on transvaginal ultrasonography. She had previously undergone bilateral partial mastectomies - eight years prior for right-sided invasive ductal carcinoma, and three years prior for left-sided ILC. Hysteroscopic evaluation revealed an endometrial polyp. Microscopic examination of the polypectomy specimen showed variably sized, irregularly shaped branching glands embedded in densely fibrotic stroma. Within the stroma, monomorphic tumor cells with hyperchromatic, eccentrically located nuclei were arranged in single files, thin cords, or nests. Immunostaining revealed that the tumor cells were positive for GATA-binding protein 3 and negative for paired box 8, supporting a diagnosis of metastatic carcinoma from the breast. The final pathological diagnosis was metastatic ILC involving a tamoxifen-associated endometrial polyp.

CONCLUSION: Although rare, breast carcinoma may metastasize to endometrial polyps. Clinicians and pathologists should consider this possibility when evaluating abnormal ultrasonographic findings in the female genital tract, particularly in patients with a history of breast carcinoma receiving tamoxifen therapy. Abnormal ultrasonographic findings in the uterus of such patients warrant a comprehensive diagnostic workup to exclude metastatic disease.},
}

Humans
Female
*Tamoxifen/adverse effects/therapeutic use
*Breast Neoplasms/pathology/drug therapy/diagnosis
Adult
*Polyps/pathology/diagnosis/chemically induced
*Carcinoma, Lobular/pathology/drug therapy/diagnosis
*Endometrial Neoplasms/secondary/diagnosis/pathology
Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal/adverse effects
*Neoplasms, Second Primary/pathology

@article {pmid40574925,
year = {2025},
author = {Lin, YT and Hong, ZJ and Liao, GS and Dai, MS and Chao, TK and Tsai, WC and Sung, YK and Chiu, CH and Chang, CK and Yu, JC},
title = {Unexpected contralateral axillary lymph node metastasis without ipsilateral involvement in triple-negative breast cancer: A case report and review of literature.},
journal = {World journal of clinical cases},
volume = {13},
number = {18},
pages = {103571},
pmid = {40574925},
issn = {2307-8960},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Breast cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality among women worldwide, with invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) being the most prevalent subtype. Lymph node metastasis is the primary prognostic indicator, typically evaluated via biopsy of the ipsilateral sentinel or axillary lymph nodes. Contralateral axillary metastasis (CAM) without ipsilateral involvement is exceedingly rare, particularly in early-stage breast cancer. This report presents a case of CAM in a patient with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), underscoring diagnostic and therapeutic complexities.

CASE SUMMARY: A 73-year-old female presented with left-sided early-stage IDC in February 2023. Despite a modified radical mastectomy and pathologically negative ipsilateral lymph nodes, a postoperative positron emission tomography (PET) scan detected fluorodeoxyglucose-avid nodes in the contralateral axilla. Biopsy confirmed metastatic ductal carcinoma with triple-negative status, resulting in an upstaged diagnosis of metastatic breast cancer, stage IV, M1. The patient underwent six cycles of adjuvant chemotherapy, with follow-up PET imaging showing regression of the contralateral lesion. This case highlights the importance of advanced imaging in TNBC for precise staging and treatment optimization.

CONCLUSION: This case highlights the aggressive nature of TNBC and the need for advanced imaging to ensure accurate staging and effective management.},
}

@article {pmid40561128,
year = {2025},
author = {Deng, M and March, DS and Churchwood, DR and Young, HML and Highton, PJ and Denniff, MJ and Graham-Brown, MPM and Burton, JO and Baker, LA},
title = {Exploring a role for Chemerin in the cardiovascular and musculoskeletal benefits of intradialytic exercise in the hemodialysis population.},
journal = {PloS one},
volume = {20},
number = {6},
pages = {e0321497},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0321497},
pmid = {40561128},
issn = {1932-6203},
mesh = {Humans ; *Chemokines/blood ; *Renal Dialysis ; Male ; Female ; Middle Aged ; *Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/blood ; *Cardiovascular Diseases/blood/prevention & control ; Aged ; *Exercise/physiology ; Adult ; *Exercise Therapy/methods ; Retrospective Studies ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death for people receiving hemodialysis. Intradialytic cycling (IDC) has been shown to improve cardiovascular health in the hemodialysis population, but specific mechanisms require elucidation. Chemerin is an adipokine which contributes to the inflammatory process and may be associated with the cardiovascular benefits of IDC and physical function in hemodialysis population.

METHODS: Adults undertaking ≥3 months hemodialysis were randomized to either IDC (30 min each time, moderate intensity, thrice weekly) and usual care; or usual care only (control group). 88 blood samples were retrospectively analyzed for chemerin concentrations using ELISA. Unadjusted and adjusted linear regression was used to understand how changes in chemerin are associated with changes in cardiovascular and musculoskeletal health in response to IDC.

RESULTS: There was a significant increase of plasma chemerin concentration after 6 months in both groups. A positive association was detected between chemerin and short physical performance battery at baseline (β = 0.264, p = 0.017). There was no correlation of chemerin with cardiovascular, body composition, and other physical function markers.

CONCLUSIONS: This study is the first to show plasma level of chemerin increases with time on hemodialysis. No evidence was found to support a role for chemerin in modifying cardiac structure and function in people undertaking IDC. Further studies should investigate the associations between chemerin and physical performance.},
}

Humans
*Chemokines/blood
*Renal Dialysis
Male
Female
Middle Aged
*Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/blood
*Cardiovascular Diseases/blood/prevention & control
Aged
*Exercise/physiology
Adult
*Exercise Therapy/methods
Retrospective Studies

@article {pmid40539820,
year = {2025},
author = {Zhang, X and Yin, Y and Ye, Z and Zhang, X and Wei, W and Hao, Y and Zeng, L and Yang, T and Li, D and Wang, J and Zhao, D and Chen, Y and Lei, S and Jiang, Y and Zhang, Y and Xu, S and Nanding, A and Gong, Y and Li, S and Yu, Y and Zhao, S and Liu, S and Zhao, Y and Chen, Z and Yu, S and Fan, JB and Pang, D},
title = {An Approach for Differential Diagnosis of Breast Tumors by ctDNA Methylation Sequencing.},
journal = {Cancer medicine},
volume = {14},
number = {12},
pages = {e71004},
pmid = {40539820},
issn = {2045-7634},
support = {2019B121205010//Science and Technology Program of Guangdong Province/ ; GA20C016//Heilongjiang Province Applied Technology Research and Development/ ; 201909010010//Scheme of Guangzhou for Leading Team in Innovation/ ; 82073410//China National Science Foundation/ ; 82272623//China National Science Foundation/ ; 82173235//China National Science Foundation/ ; 202201010943//Guangzhou Basic and Applied Basic Research Project/ ; 2016007//Scheme of Guangzhou for Leading Talents in Innovation and Entrepreneurship/ ; 2023ZX06C10//Key Special Projects of Heilongjiang Province Key Research and Development Program/ ; Nn10//Nn10 Program of Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital/ ; JJZD2020-08//Haiyan Foundation of Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital/ ; 2020GH15//2020 Guangzhou Development Zone International Science and Technology Cooperation Project/ ; 2017-L152//Scheme of Guangzhou Economic and Technological Development District for Leading Talents in Innovation and Entrepreneurship/ ; JD22C004//Key R&D Plan Projects of Heilongjiang Province, Da Pang/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *Breast Neoplasms/genetics/diagnosis/blood ; Female ; *DNA Methylation ; Diagnosis, Differential ; *Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics/blood ; *Circulating Tumor DNA/genetics/blood ; Middle Aged ; Mammography ; Aged ; Adult ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Breast ultrasonography and mammography remain predominant in breast tumor evaluations, yet they often result in false positives, particularly for tumors classified as BI-RADS 4a or those no more than 10 mm, which are not ideal for core needle biopsy (CNB). Early-stage breast cancer detection via circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) methylation holds potential to bridge these diagnostic gaps.

METHODS: We curated a breast cancer-specific panel by harnessing methylation profiles from in-house and public databases. Leveraging breast tissue-plasma-leukocyte samples, we identified breast cancer-specific markers, culminating in a 103-marker methylation model which underwent rigorous validation in two independent cohorts. To assess its performance, we compared it against the accuracy of ultrasonography, mammography, and CNB.

RESULTS: The 103-marker model exhibited remarkable proficiency in discerning benign from malignant breast tumors in plasma, with AUCs of 0.838, 0.838 and 0.823 in the validation set and two independent test sets, respectively. In BI-RADS 4a breast cancer, when compared to ultrasonography or mammography, the model augmented breast cancer diagnostic accuracy by 40.58% and 25.49%, separately. Retrospective analyses suggested that our model achieved a sensitivity of 66.67% (4/6) and a specificity of 80.36% (45/56) for surgical patients in the BI-RADS 4a category with tumors ≤ 10 mm, who did not undergo CNB, potentially sparing 45 benign patients from overtreatment. Notably, significant differences emerged in cancer scores between DCIS and invasive ductal carcinoma (p < 0.05). Higher cancer scores correlated with a more unfavorable prognosis (p < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS: The 103-marker methylation model demonstrates impressive performance in distinguishing between malignant and benign tumors, facilitating precise early diagnosis of BC, and holds promise as a prognostic tool.},
}

Humans
*Breast Neoplasms/genetics/diagnosis/blood
Female
*DNA Methylation
Diagnosis, Differential
*Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics/blood
*Circulating Tumor DNA/genetics/blood
Middle Aged
Mammography
Aged
Adult

@article {pmid40544078,
year = {2025},
author = {Ao, Y and Li, X and Mu, L and Zhao, J and Chen, H and Wang, Y and Zhang, S and Yang, S and Zhang, N and Qiu, L},
title = {Time-Dependent Apparent Diffusion Coefficient Changes in Breast MR Images With Contrast for Tumor Characterization.},
journal = {Clinical breast cancer},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.clbc.2025.05.019},
pmid = {40544078},
issn = {1938-0666},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: To assess the effect of scan time after contrast injection on breast MRI DWI sequence ADC values and its role in lesion differentiation.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between 2022 and 2023, two hundred and fifty-one breast magnetic resonance (MR) images were collected from 251 patients, who had a total of 258 lesions. Pathology results obtained within 1 month of the MR imaging were utilized. Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values were measured at 3 time-points: precontrast, 3 minutes postcontrast, and 6 minutes postcontrast. For the analysis, statistical methods including the Friedman test, linear mixed models, Bonferroni correction, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, and DeLong test were applied.

RESULTS: Contrast agents cause ADC values to decrease within 3 minutes after injection and recover within 6 minutes (e.g., invasive ductal carcinoma). ADC can distinguish between benign tumors and cancers but not between carcinoma in situ and invasive carcinoma. Time-dependent changes do not affect the differentiation of benign from malignant lesions.

CONCLUSION: Contrast injection time has little effect on the effectiveness of ADC in differentiating benign from malignant lesions on DWI sequences. The findings support the feasibility of postcontrast DWI without compromising diagnostic accuracy.},
}

@article {pmid40407816,
year = {2025},
author = {Lu, D and Han, Y and Xu, R and Wang, C and Qin, M and Shi, J and Ye, F and Zhang, J and Luo, Z and Wang, Y and Lin, H and Jia, P and Zhu, J and Wang, C},
title = {Respiratory transmission potential of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome bunyavirus: evidence from intranasal exposure in a humanized mouse model.},
journal = {Emerging microbes & infections},
volume = {14},
number = {1},
pages = {2511134},
doi = {10.1080/22221751.2025.2511134},
pmid = {40407816},
issn = {2222-1751},
mesh = {Animals ; Mice ; *Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome/transmission/virology/pathology/immunology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Humans ; *Phlebovirus/physiology/pathogenicity ; Lung/pathology/virology ; Administration, Intranasal ; Female ; },
abstract = {Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Bunyavirus (SFTSV) is a highly lethal pathogen with expanding endemic regions in Asia. While primarily transmitted by ticks, recent evidence suggests potential airborne transmission, raising significant public health concerns. This study investigates the potential for respiratory transmission and pathogenesis using humanized NCG mice inoculated with SFTSV via subcutaneous injection challenge (SIC) or intranasal drop challenge (IDC). Both groups demonstrated rapid systemic dissemination, marked by viremia, weight loss, and multi-organ injury, with hemorrhagic manifestations observed in high-dose infection groups. Histopathological evaluations revealed lung pathology in the intranasal drop challenge mice, including extensive alveolar disruption and inflammatory cell infiltration. Transcriptomic analyses further confirmed that respiratory route inoculation resulted in heightened expression of inflammatory signalling pathways such as IL-17 and NF-κB, potentially contributing to severe local immunopathology. Subcutaneous infection provoked an earlier systemic immune response, with significant upregulation of antigen-processing genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Nevertheless, both routes ultimately culminated in widespread injury to the liver, spleen, kidney, highlighting the systemic nature of SFTSV pathogenesis. These findings underscore the need for preventive strategies addressing respiratory spread.},
}

Animals
Mice
*Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome/transmission/virology/pathology/immunology
Disease Models, Animal
Humans
*Phlebovirus/physiology/pathogenicity
Lung/pathology/virology
Administration, Intranasal
Female

@article {pmid39658630,
year = {2025},
author = {Papargyriou, A and Najajreh, M and Cook, DP and Maurer, CH and Bärthel, S and Messal, HA and Ravichandran, SK and Richter, T and Knolle, M and Metzler, T and Shastri, AR and Öllinger, R and Jasper, J and Schmidleitner, L and Wang, S and Schneeweis, C and Ishikawa-Ankerhold, H and Engleitner, T and Mataite, L and Semina, M and Trabulssi, H and Lange, S and Ravichandra, A and Schuster, M and Mueller, S and Peschke, K and Schäfer, A and Dobiasch, S and Combs, SE and Schmid, RM and Bausch, AR and Braren, R and Heid, I and Scheel, CH and Schneider, G and Zeigerer, A and Luecken, MD and Steiger, K and Kaissis, G and van Rheenen, J and Theis, FJ and Saur, D and Rad, R and Reichert, M},
title = {Heterogeneity-driven phenotypic plasticity and treatment response in branched-organoid models of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.},
journal = {Nature biomedical engineering},
volume = {9},
number = {6},
pages = {836-864},
pmid = {39658630},
issn = {2157-846X},
mesh = {*Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/pathology/genetics/drug therapy/metabolism ; Animals ; Humans ; *Pancreatic Neoplasms/pathology/genetics/drug therapy/metabolism ; Mice ; *Organoids/pathology/drug effects/metabolism ; Phenotype ; Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition ; Cell Line, Tumor ; },
abstract = {In patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), intratumoural and intertumoural heterogeneity increases chemoresistance and mortality rates. However, such morphological and phenotypic diversities are not typically captured by organoid models of PDAC. Here we show that branched organoids embedded in collagen gels can recapitulate the phenotypic landscape seen in murine and human PDAC, that the pronounced molecular and morphological intratumoural and intertumoural heterogeneity of organoids is governed by defined transcriptional programmes (notably, epithelial-to-mesenchymal plasticity), and that different organoid phenotypes represent distinct tumour-cell states with unique biological features in vivo. We also show that phenotype-specific therapeutic vulnerabilities and modes of treatment-induced phenotype reprogramming can be captured in phenotypic heterogeneity maps. Our methodology and analyses of tumour-cell heterogeneity in PDAC may guide the development of phenotype-targeted treatment strategies.},
}

*Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/pathology/genetics/drug therapy/metabolism
Animals
Humans
*Pancreatic Neoplasms/pathology/genetics/drug therapy/metabolism
Mice
*Organoids/pathology/drug effects/metabolism
Phenotype
Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition
Cell Line, Tumor

@article {pmid40314919,
year = {2025},
author = {Takano, Y and Mizuno, K and Iwase, M and Morita, S and Torii, N and Kikumori, T and Ando, Y},
title = {Tumor mutational burden status and clinical characteristics of invasive lobular carcinoma of the breast.},
journal = {Breast cancer (Tokyo, Japan)},
volume = {32},
number = {4},
pages = {816-825},
pmid = {40314919},
issn = {1880-4233},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; *Breast Neoplasms/genetics/pathology/mortality ; Middle Aged ; *Carcinoma, Lobular/genetics/pathology ; *Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics ; Mutation ; *Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/genetics/pathology ; Aged ; Adult ; Tumor Burden/genetics ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: High tumor mutational burden (TMB-H) is an established biomarker for a favorable response to immune checkpoint inhibitors. However, tumor mutational burden (TMB) in invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) and invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) has not been sufficiently investigated.

METHODS: We collected data of patients with ILC or IDC from the Center for Cancer Genomics and Advanced Therapeutics database between June 2019 and August 2023. Furthermore, we examined the clinicopathological factors and TMB status.

RESULTS: Patients with ILC (n = 170) had a median TMB score of 4.00 mut/Mb (interquartile range, 2.00-7.14 mut/Mb), whereas those with IDC (n = 2598) had a score of 3.90 mut/Mb (2.00-6.00 mut/Mb). TMB-H was more common in patients with ILC than in those with IDC (18.2% vs. 10.1%, P < 0.001), particularly in the ER+ /HER2- subtype. Multivariate analysis revealed that the pathological diagnosis of ILC (P = 0.006), tissue samples collected from metastatic sites (P < 0.001), and older age (50 years, P < 0.001) were independent factors for TMB-H.

CONCLUSIONS: Patients with ILC were more likely to have TMB-H than those with IDC. The findings of this study would be invaluable in selecting treatment strategies for patients with ILC.},
}

Humans
Female
*Breast Neoplasms/genetics/pathology/mortality
Middle Aged
*Carcinoma, Lobular/genetics/pathology
*Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
Mutation
*Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/genetics/pathology
Aged
Adult
Tumor Burden/genetics
Prognosis
Retrospective Studies

@article {pmid39880998,
year = {2025},
author = {Mooshage, CM and Tsilingiris, D and Schimpfle, L and Fleming, T and Herzig, S and Szendroedi, J and Heiland, S and Bendszus, M and Kopf, S and Kurz, F and Jende, J and Kender, Z},
title = {Intradermal Advanced Glycation End-products Relate to Reduced Sciatic Nerve Structural Integrity in Type 2 Diabetes.},
journal = {Clinical neuroradiology},
volume = {35},
number = {2},
pages = {385-394},
pmid = {39880998},
issn = {1869-1447},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; Male ; *Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications/metabolism ; *Glycation End Products, Advanced/metabolism ; Middle Aged ; *Sciatic Nerve/diagnostic imaging/pathology/metabolism ; Diffusion Tensor Imaging ; *Diabetic Neuropathies/diagnostic imaging/metabolism/pathology ; Skin/metabolism ; Aged ; Anisotropy ; Adult ; Pulse Wave Analysis ; Vascular Stiffness ; Case-Control Studies ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular risk management is beneficial, but stringent glycemic control does not prevent the progression of distal sensorimotor polyneuropathy (DSPN). Persistent hyperglycemia-induced alterations and cardiovascular factors may contribute to diabetes-associated nerve damage. This study aimed to evaluate the correlation between skin auto-fluorescence (sAF), an indicator of dermal advanced glycation end-product (AGE) accumulations, cardiovascular risk, and changes in peripheral nerve integrity.

METHODS: Sixty-two individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D) (20 women and 42 men), including 29 diagnosed with DSPN (7 women and 22 men), and 10 healthy controls (HC) underwent diffusion tensor MR imaging of the sciatic nerve to assess fractional anisotropy (FA), an indicator of nerve structural integrity. sAF measurements were combined with clinical, serological, and electrophysiological evaluations. Arterial stiffness was assessed via pulse wave velocity (PWV).

RESULTS: sAF (HC 2.1 ± 0.25 AU, nDSPN 2.3 ± 0.47, DSPN 2.6 ± 0.43; p = 0.005) was higher in individuals with DSPN compared to HC (p = 0.010) and individuals without DSPN (p = 0.035). Within the group of T2D FA correlated negatively with sAF (r = -0.49, p < 0.001), PWV (r = -0.40, p = 0.009) and high-sensitivity troponin T (hsTNT), a marker of microvascular damage (r = -0.39, p < 0.001). In DSPN, sAF correlated positively with hsTNT (r = 0.58, p = 0.005) and with PWV (r = 0.52, p = 0.007), the sciatic nerve's FA correlated negatively with PWV (r = -0.47, p = 0.010).

CONCLUSIONS: This study is the first to show close correlations between reduced peripheral nerve integrity and both intradermal AGE deposition and arterial stiffness in individuals with T2D. These findings highlight a mechanistic link between glycation-related vascular injury and neuronal damage emphasizing the importance of cardiovascular risk management in preventing DSPN.},
}

Humans
Female
Male
*Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications/metabolism
*Glycation End Products, Advanced/metabolism
Middle Aged
*Sciatic Nerve/diagnostic imaging/pathology/metabolism
Diffusion Tensor Imaging
*Diabetic Neuropathies/diagnostic imaging/metabolism/pathology
Skin/metabolism
Aged
Anisotropy
Adult
Pulse Wave Analysis
Vascular Stiffness
Case-Control Studies

@article {pmid40507963,
year = {2025},
author = {Zeiringer, S and Derler, M and Mussbacher, M and Kolesnik, T and Fröhlich, E and Leitinger, G and Kolb, D and Tutz, S and Vargas, C and Keller, S and Roblegg, E},
title = {Immune Modulation with Nanodiscs: Surface Charge Dictates Cellular Interactions and Activation of Macrophages and Dendritic-like Cells.},
journal = {International journal of molecular sciences},
volume = {26},
number = {11},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/ijms26115154},
pmid = {40507963},
issn = {1422-0067},
mesh = {Humans ; *Dendritic Cells/immunology/drug effects/metabolism/cytology ; *Macrophages/immunology/drug effects/metabolism/cytology ; *Cell Communication/drug effects/immunology ; *Nanostructures/chemistry ; Cytokines/metabolism ; Lipid Bilayers/chemistry ; Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism ; Cell Survival/drug effects ; },
abstract = {The immunological barrier is among the most significant barriers in vivo. Macrophages and dendritic cells play a crucial role in immune responses, involving phagocytosis, antigen presentation, and triggering adaptive responses. Nanoscale drug-delivery vehicles, such as polymer-encapsulated lipid-bilayer nanodiscs, are of particular interest in the development of new therapeutic approaches, but require well-characterized human in vitro cell models. To this end, the present study differentiated human monocytes into two distinct states, resting macrophages and immature dendritic-like cells (iDCs). These cells served as model systems to assess the efficacy of lipid-bilayer nanodiscs encapsulated by anionic glyco-DIBMA (diisobutylene-maleic acid) or electroneutral sulfo-DIBMA polymers. Nanodisc-cell interaction studies-including cell viability, reactive oxygen species production, cytokine release, particle uptake, and activation marker expression-demonstrated that immune responses depend sensitively on the cell type and polymer and thus on the surface charge of the nanodiscs. Sulfo-DIBMA nanodiscs induced minimal immune cell activation, accompanied by cytokine release and reduced uptake of the nanodiscs by immune cells. In contrast, glyco-DIBMA nanodiscs exhibited increased interactions with cells, elicited pro-inflammatory immune responses, and promoted iDC maturation. This involved co-stimulatory and antigen-presenting molecules, potentially leading to T-cell activation. These findings underscore the potential of glyco-DIBMA nanodiscs to modulate immune responses through receptor-specific interactions, paving the way for immunotherapeutic strategies.},
}

Humans
*Dendritic Cells/immunology/drug effects/metabolism/cytology
*Macrophages/immunology/drug effects/metabolism/cytology
*Cell Communication/drug effects/immunology
*Nanostructures/chemistry
Cytokines/metabolism
Lipid Bilayers/chemistry
Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism
Cell Survival/drug effects

@article {pmid40484435,
year = {2025},
author = {Iurillo, AM and Abraham, O and McQuillan, J and Newton, E},
title = {Treatment of breast cancer in a patient with sickle cell disease.},
journal = {BMJ case reports},
volume = {18},
number = {6},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1136/bcr-2024-263661},
pmid = {40484435},
issn = {1757-790X},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; *Breast Neoplasms/therapy/complications/pathology ; *Anemia, Sickle Cell/complications/therapy ; *Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/therapy/complications/pathology ; Adult ; Trastuzumab/therapeutic use ; Neoadjuvant Therapy/methods ; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant ; Mastectomy, Modified Radical ; Aromatase Inhibitors/therapeutic use ; },
abstract = {We present a woman in her 30s with sickle cell disease (SCD) treated with monthly exchange transfusions who had suffered cerebrovascular complications, presented with a 4-cm left breast mass and was ultimately diagnosed with Estrogen receptor-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 positive (ER+HER2/Neu+) invasive ductal carcinoma with axillary metastasis. She was treated with neoadjuvant trastuzumab-based chemotherapy, followed by a left-modified radical mastectomy and had residual invasive disease. She received postmastectomy radiation followed by adjuvant trastuzumab emtansine. Given the ER positivity, she also began adjuvant ovarian suppression (OS) and an aromatase inhibitor (AI). Throughout treatment, her SCD remained well-controlled, highlighting the potential for effective and tolerable cancer therapy in patients with SCD and the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration. This case underscores the importance of tailored oncological management and the need for further research on chemotherapy safety in this population.},
}

Humans
Female
*Breast Neoplasms/therapy/complications/pathology
*Anemia, Sickle Cell/complications/therapy
*Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/therapy/complications/pathology
Adult
Trastuzumab/therapeutic use
Neoadjuvant Therapy/methods
Chemotherapy, Adjuvant
Mastectomy, Modified Radical
Aromatase Inhibitors/therapeutic use

@article {pmid40478792,
year = {2025},
author = {Li, H and Luo, M and Luo, W and Li, H and Cong, S},
title = {Integrated decision-control for social robot autonomous navigation considering nonlinear dynamics model.},
journal = {PloS one},
volume = {20},
number = {6},
pages = {e0324341},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0324341},
pmid = {40478792},
issn = {1932-6203},
mesh = {*Robotics/methods ; *Nonlinear Dynamics ; Humans ; Algorithms ; Reward ; Decision Making ; Reinforcement, Psychology ; Walking ; },
abstract = {Reinforcement learning (RL) has demonstrated significant potential in social robot autonomous navigation, yet existing research lacks in-depth discussion on the feasibility of navigation strategies. Therefore, this paper proposes an Integrated Decision-Control Framework for Social Robot Autonomous Navigation (IDC-SRAN), which accounts for the nonlinearity of social robot model and ensures the feasibility of decision-control strategy. Initially, inverse reinforcement learning (IRL) is employed to tackle the challenge of designing pedestrian walking reward. Subsequently, the Four-Mecanum-Wheel Robot dynamic model is constructed to develop IDC-SRAN, resolving the issue of dynamics mismatch of RL system. The actions of IDC-SRAN are defined as additional torque, with actual torque and lateral/longitudinal velocities integrated into the state space. The feasibility of the decision-control strategy is ensured by constraining the range of actions. Furthermore, a critical challenge arises from the state delay caused by model transient characteristics, which complicates the articulation of nonlinear relationships between states and actions through IRL-based rewards. To mitigate this, a driving-force-guided reward is proposed. This reward guides the robot to explore more appropriate decision-control strategies by expected direction of driving force, thereby reducing non-optimal behaviors during transient phases. Experimental results demonstrate that IDC-SRAN achieves peak accelerations approximately 8.3% of baseline methods, significantly enhancing the feasibility of decision-control strategies. Simultaneously, the framework enables goal-oriented autonomous navigation through active torque modulation, attaining a task completion rate exceeding 90%. These outcomes further validate the intelligence and robustness of the proposed IDC-SRAN.},
}

*Robotics/methods
*Nonlinear Dynamics
Humans
Algorithms
Reward
Decision Making
Reinforcement, Psychology
Walking

@article {pmid40470417,
year = {2025},
author = {Matsuo, T and Tanaka, T and Shien, T and Muraoka, A and Doihara, H},
title = {Detailed Ophthalmic and Pathological Features of Choroidal Metastasis From Breast Cancer: A Case Series of Five Patients.},
journal = {Cureus},
volume = {17},
number = {5},
pages = {e83484},
pmid = {40470417},
issn = {2168-8184},
abstract = {Breast cancer causes choroidal metastases on rare occasions. This study presented the eye manifestations of choroidal metastases from breast cancer and their response to treatments in detail as well as their pathological correlation in five patients. The patients' age at the diagnosis of breast cancer ranged from 24 to 69 years (median: 37 years). The time from the diagnosis of breast cancer to the detection of metastases was concurrent in one patient, two years later in three patients, and six years later in the other patient. The time from the detection of systemic metastases to the detection of choroidal metastases was the same in one patient, while it ranged from one to seven years later in four patients. Choroidal metastases were in the unilateral eye of four patients, whereas they were in both eyes of one patient. Choroidal metastases manifested as one or a few nodular or flat choroidal lesions with serous retinal detachment. As for the treatment of choroidal metastases, enucleation of the right eye was chosen based on the patient's wish as well as the family's wish in the earliest patient when cancer notification was not the norm in Japan. In the other four patients, whole-eye radiation was performed to reduce the choroidal metastatic lesions. As regards the prognosis, which was available in four patients, three patients died within one year from the diagnosis of choroidal metastases, while one patient died one year and eight months later. Regarding the pathology of breast cancer, which was available in four patients, immunostaining of the preserved enucleated eye in the earliest patient revealed that breast cancer cells in the choroidal metastatic lesion were positive for estrogen receptor and negative for progesterone receptor and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). Invasive ductal carcinoma in two patients was positive for estrogen receptor and negative for HER2, while invasive ductal carcinoma in the other patient was triple-negative for estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and HER2 with a high Ki-67 index. In conclusion, the prognosis for life was poor in patients with breast cancer who developed choroidal metastases. Choroidal metastatic lesions showed a response to whole-eye radiation to improve the quality of vision at the end of life. Vision-related symptoms should be monitored in the course of chemotherapy for systemic metastases.},
}

@article {pmid40469556,
year = {2025},
author = {Suzuki, A and Komiya, T and Fujita, H and Shimada, K and Nonaka, M and Hanano, M and Takeishi, M and Ishikawa, T and Matsumura, H},
title = {Surgical Site Infection Owing to Mycobacterium mageritense After Immediate Breast Reconstruction Using a Deep Inferior Epigastric Perforator Flap.},
journal = {Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open},
volume = {13},
number = {6},
pages = {e6823},
pmid = {40469556},
issn = {2169-7574},
abstract = {Mycobacterium mageritense is a rare, rapidly growing, nontuberculosis mycobacterium that belongs to type IV of the rapidly growing mycobacteria. These bacteria are found in soil and water, and cause localized skin and soft tissue infections; however, they are challenging to culture, leading to diagnostic delays. To our knowledge, there have been 12 reported cases of surgical site infections (SSIs) caused by M. mageritense, with only 2 cases following breast reconstruction. A 51-year-old woman underwent nipple-sparing mastectomy and immediate breast reconstruction using a deep inferior epigastric perforator flap for invasive ductal carcinoma of the left breast. One month after surgery, she developed an SSI caused by M. mageritense. Despite initial outpatient treatment, the infection persisted, requiring multiple hospitalizations, administration of intravenous antibiotics, and several debridements under general anesthesia. Negative pressure wound therapy and a coordinated approach among various medical specialties are essential for managing infections. The patient experienced side effects from prolonged antibiotic use but eventually exhibited no signs of infection recurrence. This case highlights the challenges in diagnosing and treating M. mageritense SSIs, emphasizing the need for comprehensive surgical and medical management, together with patient-centered care, to effectively manage long-term treatment.},
}

@article {pmid39723668,
year = {2025},
author = {Mitsa, G and Florianova, L and Lafleur, J and Aguilar-Mahecha, A and Zahedi, RP and Del Rincon, SV and Basik, M and Borchers, CH and Batist, G},
title = {Clinical Proteomics Reveals Vulnerabilities in Noninvasive Breast Ductal Carcinoma and Drives Personalized Treatment Strategies.},
journal = {Cancer research communications},
volume = {5},
number = {1},
pages = {138-149},
pmid = {39723668},
issn = {2767-9764},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; *Proteomics/methods ; *Breast Neoplasms/metabolism/pathology/therapy/genetics ; *Precision Medicine/methods ; *Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/metabolism/pathology/therapy/genetics ; *Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism ; *Proteome ; },
abstract = {ABSTRACT: Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is the most common type (80%) of noninvasive breast lesions in women. The lack of validated prognostic markers, limited patient numbers, and variable tissue quality have a significant impact on the diagnosis, risk stratification, patient enrollment, and results of clinical studies. In this study, we performed label-free quantitative proteomics on 50 clinical formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded biopsies, validating 22 putative biomarkers from independent genetic studies. Our comprehensive proteomic phenotyping reveals more than 380 differentially expressed proteins and metabolic vulnerabilities, which can inform new therapeutic strategies for DCIS and invasive ductal carcinoma. Due to the readily druggable nature of proteins and metabolic enzymes or metabolism inhibitors, this study is of high interest for clinical research and the pharmaceutical industry. To further evaluate our findings, and to promote the clinical translation of our study, we developed a highly multiplexed targeted proteomics assay for 90 proteins associated with cancer metabolism, RNA regulation, and signature cancer pathways, such as PI3K/AKT/mTOR and EGFR/RAS/RAF.

SIGNIFICANCE: This study provides real-world evidence for DCIS, a disease for which currently no molecular tools or biomarkers exist, and gives an unbiased, comprehensive, and deep proteomic profile, identifying >380 actionable targets.},
}

Humans
Female
*Proteomics/methods
*Breast Neoplasms/metabolism/pathology/therapy/genetics
*Precision Medicine/methods
*Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/metabolism/pathology/therapy/genetics
*Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
*Proteome

@article {pmid40455366,
year = {2025},
author = {Qiu, X and Tian, B and Gu, Y and Yin, K and Zhao, J and Wang, J},
title = {Novel nomograms for predicting overall survival and cancer-specific survival in invasive lobular carcinoma of the breast.},
journal = {Discover oncology},
volume = {16},
number = {1},
pages = {984},
pmid = {40455366},
issn = {2730-6011},
support = {TRYJ2021JC18//Screening and preliminary functional analysis of specific metabolites of breast malignant tumors/ ; },
abstract = {PURPOSE: Currently, the clinical diagnosis and treatment for invasive lobular carcinoma of the breast (ILC) often draw on the treatment approaches used for invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC), despite significant differences between the two. Studies evaluating the risk and prognosis of ILC are limited; thus, our goal was to construct a predictive model for the prognosis of ILC.

METHODS: Clinical data of patients diagnosed with unilateral primary ILC from 2010 to 2015 were acquired from the SEER database. Independent prognostic factors affecting patients' overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) were determined through univariate and multivariate analyses based on COX proportional hazards model and Fine-Gray competing risks model. Nomograms were constructed to forecast the 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year OS and CSS of the patients.

RESULTS: A total of 6,616 patients with ILC were included, with 1,083 deaths, of which 541 were attributed to ILC, and 542 to other causes. The univariate and multivariate analyses indicated that age, N stage, stage, surgery, PR status, radiotherapy, and brain metastasis are independent risk factors for OS of ILC patients, while age, N stage, stage, surgery, PR status, and brain metastasis are independent risk factors for CSS of ILC patients. The C-index, area under the ROC curve, and calibration curve of the 1-, 3-, and 5-year OS and CSS prediction models confirmed that it had good predictive capability.

CONCLUSIONS: This study has developed subtype-specific predictive models for OS and CSS of patients with ILC, offering clinicians a regimen. Reference for assessing patient prognosis and formulating individualized treatment.},
}

@article {pmid40439394,
year = {2025},
author = {Khan, L and Khan, M and Shakeel, F and Ali, T and Hina, M and Arif, A and Rahim Sarfaraz, F and Tariq, M and Hafiz, A and Qureshi, BM and Abbasi, AN and Ali, N},
title = {Effect of DIBH Coaching on Dosimetric Parameters of Heart and Lung Doses in Patients Undergoing Adjuvant Breast Radiotherapy.},
journal = {Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP},
volume = {26},
number = {5},
pages = {1809-1813},
doi = {10.31557/APJCP.2025.26.5.1809},
pmid = {40439394},
issn = {2476-762X},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; Middle Aged ; *Heart/radiation effects ; Radiotherapy, Adjuvant/adverse effects/methods ; *Lung/radiation effects ; *Unilateral Breast Neoplasms/radiotherapy ; Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted/methods ; Radiotherapy Dosage ; *Organs at Risk/radiation effects ; *Breath Holding ; Follow-Up Studies ; *Mentoring/methods ; Adult ; *Breast Neoplasms/radiotherapy ; *Radiation Injuries/prevention & control/etiology ; Prognosis ; },
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Radiation exposure to the heart in women with left-sided breast cancer can lead to cardiac disease and increased mortality. Several techniques, including deep inspiration breath hold (DIBH), have been used to reduce cardiac exposure during radiotherapy. DIBH coaching prior to radiation planning can further reduce cardiac doses. This study aims to compare heart and lung dosimetric parameters between coached and non-coached patients using the DIBH technique for left-sided breast cancer treatment.

METHODS: All patients with left-sided breast cancer who received adjuvant radiotherapy (RT) using the DIBH were included. The first cohort, designated as the non-coached group, received verbal guidance on the breath hold technique but did not undergo formal coaching. The second cohort involved a comprehensive coaching protocol, which began in January 2022. This protocol, led by a physician, included demonstrations and instructions for performing the DIBH technique in the clinic and encouraged patients to practice at home before and during RT to optimize cardiac protection.

RESULTS: A total of 40 patients met the inclusion criteria for the study, with a mean age of 45.7 ± 8.38 years. Most patients had IDC and Stage II disease, and radiation was primarily delivered using 3DCRT with 4256 cGy in 16 fractions regimes. In terms of cardiac dose exposure, coached patients had slightly lower mean and maximum point cardiac doses, but these differences were not statistically significant. Coached patients also had a significantly lower mean V17 for left lung volume exposure compared to non-coached patients (18.3 vs. 21.6, p < 0.05).

CONCLUSION: DIBH coaching and home practice prior to RT planning can further reduce cardiac and lung doses, offering a cost-effective intervention, particularly in resource-limited settings, though further controlled studies with larger sample sizes and longer follow-up are needed to assess its clinical impact.},
}

Humans
Female
Middle Aged
*Heart/radiation effects
Radiotherapy, Adjuvant/adverse effects/methods
*Lung/radiation effects
*Unilateral Breast Neoplasms/radiotherapy
Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted/methods
Radiotherapy Dosage
*Organs at Risk/radiation effects
*Breath Holding
Follow-Up Studies
*Mentoring/methods
Adult
*Breast Neoplasms/radiotherapy
*Radiation Injuries/prevention & control/etiology
Prognosis

@article {pmid40437613,
year = {2025},
author = {Zheng, Y and Tang, H and Liu, Q and Zhang, Y and Zhao, P and Zhang, S and Wang, C},
title = {Mutational analysis and protein expression of PI3K/AKT pathway in four mucinous cystadenocarcinoma of the breast.},
journal = {Diagnostic pathology},
volume = {20},
number = {1},
pages = {68},
pmid = {40437613},
issn = {1746-1596},
support = {81672606//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; ZR2022MH206//Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; *Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism/genetics ; Middle Aged ; *Cystadenocarcinoma, Mucinous/genetics/pathology ; *Breast Neoplasms/genetics/pathology ; DNA Mutational Analysis ; Mutation ; *Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics/analysis ; Aged ; Adult ; *Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/metabolism/genetics ; Signal Transduction ; Immunohistochemistry ; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing ; },
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Primary mucinous cystadenocarcinoma of the breast (BMCA) is a rare neoplasm with few reports in the literature. Its molecular characteristics, prognosis, and treatment protocols are not well understood, and there is a lack of consensus concerning the optimal management of this condition.

METHODS: Four cases of clinical and pathological data were collected from 2018 to 2024. Next generation sequencing with a 654 cancer-associated gene panel was utilized to detect gene mutations. Immunohistochemistry was carried out to evaluate protein expression levels.

RESULTS: Firstly, we combined clinical imaging examinations and IHC to exclude the possibility of metastasis from ovarian or pancreatic origins. BMCA was composed of cystically dilated ducts lined by tall columnar mucin-containing epithelium. The morphological spectrum of MCA varied from MCA alone to MCA combined with carcinoma in situ (CIS) to MCA associated with invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC). ER/PR/HER2 and CK20 were all negative, while CK7 and GATA3 were positive by IHC in four cases. Although the prognosis of the other three patients was favorable during the follow-up periods of 13, 10, and 3 months, respectively, case 2# experienced a recurrence of the primary focus after 42 months. No lymphatic metastasis was identified in cases 1-4#. In addition, next-generation sequencing (NGS) identified 17 mutated genes and 25 mutation sites in four cases. TP53, PIK3CA, AKT, PTEN, and RB1 were the highest frequency mutated genes. Given that AKT mutations typically refer to AKT1(E17K) rather than AKT2 or AKT3, AKT protein expression was detected only in Case 2# (AKT1, E17K). PTEN protein was expressed in case 4# (corresponded to missense mutation), loss of PTEN expression were corresponding with splicing mutation in case1#. In brief, AKT and PTEN protein expression could be corresponded to gene mutation in a certain extent. However, PIK3CA protein expression was positive in Case 2# but negative in Case 1#, which did not fully accordance with the NGS-detected missense mutations. No associated germline variations were detected. Additionally, neither PDL-1 expression nor microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) status was identified.

CONCLUSION: The tumorigenesis and development of BMCA may be regulated to the PI3K/AKT pathway. Consequently, a comprehensive genetic analysis of more cases could elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying this rare tumor.},
}

Humans
Female
*Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism/genetics
Middle Aged
*Cystadenocarcinoma, Mucinous/genetics/pathology
*Breast Neoplasms/genetics/pathology
DNA Mutational Analysis
Mutation
*Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics/analysis
Aged
Adult
*Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/metabolism/genetics
Signal Transduction
Immunohistochemistry
High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing

@article {pmid40433185,
year = {2025},
author = {Rezaianzadeh, A and Hosseini-Bensenjan, M and Sephidbakht, S and Haghpanah, S and Khosravizadegan, Z and Asmarian, N and Ramzi, M},
title = {Bayesian Spatial Analysis of the Incidence Rate of Patients with Breast Cancer in Southern Iran.},
journal = {Iranian journal of medical sciences},
volume = {50},
number = {5},
pages = {316-323},
pmid = {40433185},
issn = {1735-3688},
mesh = {Humans ; *Breast Neoplasms/epidemiology ; Female ; Iran/epidemiology ; Incidence ; Bayes Theorem ; Adult ; Spatial Analysis ; Middle Aged ; Registries/statistics & numerical data ; Cohort Studies ; Risk Factors ; Aged ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: In the female population, breast cancer is the most common cancer and a leading cause of cancer death. This study was designed to investigate the geographical pattern of breast cancer risk in different counties of Fars province in the south of Iran from 2001 to 2018.

METHODS: In this historical cohort study, data of Shiraz Population-Based Cancer Registry between 2001 and 2018 was used. The geographical variations of breast cancer incidence rate in 36 counties of Fars province were analyzed using the Bayesian spatiotemporal model.

RESULTS: Overall, the averages of relative risk (RR), temporal trend (TT), and δi for breast cancer were 1.59, 1.025, and 0.00 in the total female population; 1.21, 1.002, and 0.00 in the young female population (under 40 years of age); and 1.54, 1.02, and 0.00 in the female population with invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC), respectively. The steady increase in RR of breast cancer and IDC during 2001-2018 was observed in most counties located in the non-central part of the Fars geographic map. Moreover, a steady increase of young breast cancer RR was observed mainly in southern regions and some northern cities of Fars province.

CONCLUSION: Between 2001 and 2018 in Fars province, a steady annual increase of approximately 2% was observed in the total female population for all types of breast cancer, including IDC. High-risk areas, TTs, and changing patterns of breast cancer incidence were determined in this region. Furthermore, areas with a high risk of young breast cancer were identified, which requires special attention.},
}

Humans
*Breast Neoplasms/epidemiology
Female
Iran/epidemiology
Incidence
Bayes Theorem
Adult
Spatial Analysis
Middle Aged
Registries/statistics & numerical data
Cohort Studies
Risk Factors
Aged

@article {pmid39909175,
year = {2025},
author = {Jean, J and Jochelson, MS and Moo, TA and Solomon, SB and Bryce, Y},
title = {Breast Cancer Recurrence after Cryoablation in Patients Who Are Poor Surgical Candidates or Who Refuse Surgery.},
journal = {Journal of vascular and interventional radiology : JVIR},
volume = {36},
number = {6},
pages = {971-978},
doi = {10.1016/j.jvir.2025.01.048},
pmid = {39909175},
issn = {1535-7732},
mesh = {Humans ; *Cryosurgery/adverse effects ; Female ; *Breast Neoplasms/surgery/pathology/diagnostic imaging ; Retrospective Studies ; *Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; Middle Aged ; Aged ; Treatment Outcome ; Time Factors ; Risk Factors ; *Treatment Refusal ; Adult ; Risk Assessment ; *Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/surgery/pathology ; Aged, 80 and over ; *Carcinoma, Lobular/surgery/pathology ; Patient Selection ; Tumor Burden ; *Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/surgery/pathology ; },
abstract = {PURPOSE: To evaluate in-breast recurrence rates after cryoablation in patients with primary breast cancer who were poor surgical candidates or refused surgery.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients with primary breast cancer who were poor surgical candidates or who refused surgery and were treated with cryoablation at a single academic cancer center between October 2018 and June 2023 were retrospectively reviewed. Of the 60 treated patients, 45 had invasive ductal carcinoma, 6 had invasive lobular carcinoma, 2 had multicentric ductal carcinoma in situ, and 7 had other histology. Tumor size ranged from 0.3 to 9 cm, with a mean of 2.7 cm. Recurrence was defined as new tumor or regrowth of residual tumor in the ipsilateral breast.

RESULTS: With a mean follow-up of 21 months and median follow-up of 9.8 months, there was a recurrence rate of 10% (6 of 60 patients). Patients in the recurrence group had more poorly differentiated disease than those in the nonrecurrence group (66.7% vs 22.2%; P = .038). Tumor size did not differ between nonrecurrence and recurrence groups (nonrecurrence group mean, 2.7 cm [SD ± 2.6]; recurrence group mean, 2.5 cm [SD ± 1.0]; P = .506). Patients who were treated with palliative intent rather than curative intent were significantly older (79.7 years [SD ± 12.2] vs 72.5 years [SD ± 11.3]; P = .032).

CONCLUSIONS: Cryoablation can be considered a treatment option in patients who are poor surgical candidates or who refuse surgery, with a 10% recurrence rate at a mean follow-up of 21 months in this retrospective review that included patients with tumors up to 9 cm, unfavorable pathology, and multicentric disease.},
}

Humans
*Cryosurgery/adverse effects
Female
*Breast Neoplasms/surgery/pathology/diagnostic imaging
Retrospective Studies
*Neoplasm Recurrence, Local
Middle Aged
Aged
Treatment Outcome
Time Factors
Risk Factors
*Treatment Refusal
Adult
Risk Assessment
*Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/surgery/pathology
Aged, 80 and over
*Carcinoma, Lobular/surgery/pathology
Patient Selection
Tumor Burden
*Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/surgery/pathology

@article {pmid39734136,
year = {2025},
author = {Huws, AM and Davies, GR and Lewis, PD and Morgan, C},
title = {Comparison of Systemic Inflammatory Indices With the Oncotype DX Recurrence Score and the Nottingam Prognostic Index in Early Hormone Receptor Positive Ductal Breast Cancer.},
journal = {Clinical breast cancer},
volume = {25},
number = {4},
pages = {358-367},
doi = {10.1016/j.clbc.2024.11.022},
pmid = {39734136},
issn = {1938-0666},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; *Breast Neoplasms/pathology/genetics/immunology/blood ; Middle Aged ; *Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/pathology/epidemiology/immunology/genetics ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; *Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology/genetics/immunology ; Aged ; Receptors, Estrogen/metabolism ; Receptors, Progesterone/metabolism ; *Biomarkers, Tumor ; *Inflammation/blood ; Receptor, ErbB-2/metabolism ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Adjuvant therapy decisions in hormone receptor positive, HER2 negative breast cancer are evolving. Gene panel testing has reduced the number of patients recommended for chemotherapy by up to two thirds. Identifying low risk genomic cases before testing could represent a significant economic impact. Systemic inflammatory indices have shown promise as prognostic markers in early breast cancer. We investigated the utility of four systemic inflammatory indices with the Nottingham Prognostic Index to predict the Oncotype DX® recurrence scores threshold level (low or high score), in women aged 50 and over with node negative invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast.

METHODS: A retrospective review of 245 patients with Oncotype DX® Recurrence Score testing from 2007 to 2021 were identified. The Nottingham Prognostic Index and systemic inflammatory indices ratios were estimated from histology results and preoperative peripheral blood samples respectively.

RESULTS: 22.4% of the cohort had a Recurrence Score in the higher risk group. This group had a greater percentage of grade 3 tumours, progesterone receptor negativity, higher Nottingham Prognostic Scores, and inflammatory indices ratios than the lower risk group. A decision tree incorporating the Neutrophil Lymphocyte Ratio with clinicopathological features showed potential as an indicator of a high Oncotype DX® RS score, such that further investigation is warranted to assess whether Recurrence Score testing could be triaged in certain cohorts of patients. In this study, 38% of patients might be able to avoid genomic testing based on the decision tree analysis.

CONCLUSION: Utility of inflammatory indices with clinicopathological features may help triage gene panel testing.},
}

Humans
Female
*Breast Neoplasms/pathology/genetics/immunology/blood
Middle Aged
*Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/pathology/epidemiology/immunology/genetics
Prognosis
Retrospective Studies
*Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology/genetics/immunology
Aged
Receptors, Estrogen/metabolism
Receptors, Progesterone/metabolism
*Biomarkers, Tumor
*Inflammation/blood
Receptor, ErbB-2/metabolism

@article {pmid40389885,
year = {2025},
author = {Ndlovu, AK and Kasvosve, I and Rantshabeng, PS and Sharma, K and Govender, D and Naidoo, R},
title = {Female breast cancer classification using immunohistochemistry biomarkers staining in Botswana.},
journal = {BMC cancer},
volume = {25},
number = {1},
pages = {893},
pmid = {40389885},
issn = {1471-2407},
support = {PhD Scholarship//University of Botswana, Human resources/ ; },
abstract = {Breast cancer remains the most diagnosed cancer among women world-wide and a leading cause of cancer-related deaths accounting for 15% of deaths in 2018. Worldwide, the incidence increased from 1.4 million in 2011 to over 2 million in 2018 with a concomitant increase in mortality from 458,400 to 626,679 in the same period. Low- and middle-income countries, such as Botswana, have a disproportionate burden of breast cancer incidence and mortality and there is an urgent need to characterise the unique tumour molecular profiles that may be influencing mortality in these populations. Methods A retrospective study of 125 archived mastectomy specimens (from 2006 to 2009) from women with breast cancer in Botswana was conducted. We determined molecular characteristics of breast cancers by carrying out four immunohistochemistry (IHC)classification (PR, ER, HER2 receptors and Ki 67), cytokeratin 5/6 and EGFR1.Statistical software STATA and SPSS were used to determine the relationship between histology, IHC of biomarkers of interest. Results Out of 125 breast cancer tissues, the distribution of molecular subtypes were as follows: Luminal A (44/125; 35.2%), Luminal B (and TNBC (23/125; 18,4%), HER2 Enriched (17/125; 13.6%), and Luminal B HER2 Enriched (9/125; 7.2%), Basal (9/125; 7.2%), and CK5/6 was expressed by 12.8% (16/125) of tumours. Furthermore 6% of the tumours were basal positive luminal tumours. Morphological 76% of tumours were IDC-NOS and 24% were special type, majority were grade 2 (40%) followed by grade 1(30.4%), grade 3 (23.2%) was and mucinous types were 6.4%. Clinical staging and tumour involvement data were incomplete. Conclusion The discovery of basal positive luminal breast tumours in women from Botswana original not accounted for in the four distinct molecular subtype calls for an expanded antibody panel 6-IHC panel) in order to stratify women of African descent patients into good/poor prognostic groups. Characterising tumour subtypes will better inform optimal therapeutic regimens for women with breast cancer in Botswana.},
}

@article {pmid40386043,
year = {2025},
author = {Han, Y and Hu, X and Xiong, H and Zeng, L and Peng, Y and Su, T},
title = {CEP55 as a prognostic indicator and a predictive marker in oral squamous cell carcinoma.},
journal = {International journal of medical sciences},
volume = {22},
number = {10},
pages = {2446-2459},
pmid = {40386043},
issn = {1449-1907},
mesh = {Humans ; *Mouth Neoplasms/pathology/immunology/mortality/genetics/diagnosis ; *Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism/genetics ; *Cell Cycle Proteins/metabolism/genetics ; Prognosis ; Female ; Male ; Middle Aged ; *Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology/immunology/mortality/genetics ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Aged ; *Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck/pathology/immunology/mortality/genetics ; Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/immunology ; Immunohistochemistry ; *Nuclear Proteins/metabolism ; },
abstract = {Objective: To investigate the role of CEP55 in the occurrence and development of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Materials and Methods: Through the utilization of the online OSCC database and bioinformatic analysis, we examine CEP55 expression and its correlation with prognosis, pathways, and immune infiltration. CEP55 and other biomarkers were stained using immunohistochemical methods in 57 cases of OSCC and 44 cases of adjacent paired tissues, demonstrating the clear involvement of CEP55. Results: The expression levels of CEP55 were significantly higher in OSCC tissues compared to normal tissues. Additionally, higher levels of CEP55 were associated with a worse prognosis. CEP55 expression levels were significantly higher in OSCC tissues compared to normal tissues. Additionally, higher levels of CEP55 were associated with a worse prognosis. GSEA results indicated a correlation between CEP55 and the cell cycle. Immunohistochemical staining revealed a significant positive correlation between CEP55 and cell cycle-related protein markers (PCNA, P16, P21, and P53). Furthermore, CEP55 was found to significantly inhibit tumor immune infiltration. As a result, CEP55 expression decreased infiltration of 9 types of immune cells (iDC, mast cells, pDC, DC, Th17 cells, TFH, Treg, T cells, and neutrophils), while increasing infiltration of only 3 types of immune cells (Tcm, T Helper cells, and Th2 cells). Conclusion: The results suggest that CEP55 plays a crucial role in the progression of OSCC promoting cell cycle progression and suppressing immune infiltration.},
}

Humans
*Mouth Neoplasms/pathology/immunology/mortality/genetics/diagnosis
*Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism/genetics
*Cell Cycle Proteins/metabolism/genetics
Prognosis
Female
Male
Middle Aged
*Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology/immunology/mortality/genetics
Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
Aged
*Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck/pathology/immunology/mortality/genetics
Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/immunology
Immunohistochemistry
*Nuclear Proteins/metabolism

@article {pmid40376199,
year = {2025},
author = {Bian, Y and Song, C and Nie, Y and Shen, X and Hui, F and Yu, G},
title = {Breast cancer metastasis to the nasopharynx: A case report.},
journal = {Oncology letters},
volume = {30},
number = {1},
pages = {331},
pmid = {40376199},
issn = {1792-1082},
abstract = {Breast cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality in women, with metastasis posing a significant clinical challenge. However, spread to the nasopharynx and nasal cavity is exceptionally rare. The current study presents the case of a 53-year-old woman diagnosed with invasive ductal carcinoma of the right breast, which later metastasized to the nasopharynx. Despite undergoing modified radical mastectomy, chemotherapy and endocrine therapy, the patient developed symptoms indicative of distant metastasis. The present study reviews the diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for such rare occurrences, offering insights into effective management. The study analyzes this case alongside previously reported instances with the aim of enhancing awareness and facilitating early detection and intervention.},
}

@article {pmid40350661,
year = {2025},
author = {Farzan, JJ and Guart, JA and Kulkarni, N and Roberts, S and De la Cruz-Ku, G and Czerniach, DR and Dinh, KH},
title = {Managing Necrotizing Soft-Tissue Infection in Breast Cancer: A Case of Emergency Toilet Mastectomy.},
journal = {The American journal of case reports},
volume = {26},
number = {},
pages = {e946669},
doi = {10.12659/AJCR.946669},
pmid = {40350661},
issn = {1941-5923},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; *Breast Neoplasms/surgery/complications/pathology ; Aged ; *Mastectomy/methods ; *Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/surgery/complications ; *Soft Tissue Infections/surgery/etiology ; Debridement ; Necrosis ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND This case report presents a rare instance of advanced breast cancer presenting with superimposed necrotizing soft-tissue infection (NSTI) and sepsis, uniquely managed with an emergency toilet mastectomy. Toilet mastectomies have become increasingly rare and controversial in modern surgical oncology and are generally limited to palliative indications. This report contributes to the limited literature on NSTI of the breast in the setting of malignancy and highlights the potential utility of toilet mastectomy as a palliative option for carefully selected patients with advanced breast cancer complicated by infection. CASE REPORT A 71-year-old woman presented with a large fungating right breast mass after 50 years of receiving no health care. She was septic, with clinical signs of NSTI. Emergency surgical intervention involved a toilet mastectomy with extensive debridement. Histopathological analysis confirmed high-grade invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast with skin involvement, ER/PR-positive, HER2-negative, pT4bN0Mx. Cultures were consistent with type 1 NSTI. The postoperative course was complicated, requiring prolonged ICU care, multiple debridements, and advanced wound management. Significant complications included septic shock, acute kidney injury, and wound dehiscence. CONCLUSIONS This case is notable for 3 key aspects: (1) NSTI and sepsis are rare but serious complications of advanced breast cancer, underscoring the need for clinicians to maintain a high index of suspicion for this condition; (2) timely and aggressive management of NSTI, regardless of its association with underlying malignancy, is critical for reducing morbidity and mortality; and (3) toilet mastectomy, although less commonly performed today, remains an appropriate palliative intervention in select cases.},
}

Humans
Female
*Breast Neoplasms/surgery/complications/pathology
Aged
*Mastectomy/methods
*Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/surgery/complications
*Soft Tissue Infections/surgery/etiology
Debridement
Necrosis

@article {pmid40340873,
year = {2025},
author = {Gao, Y and Ali, H and Hu, Z and Sun, H},
title = {Sarcoid-like Reaction in Breast Cancer Tumor Bed and Axillary Lymph Nodes Following Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy: A Case Report.},
journal = {Annals of clinical and laboratory science},
volume = {55},
number = {2},
pages = {281-285},
pmid = {40340873},
issn = {1550-8080},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; *Breast Neoplasms/pathology/drug therapy/surgery ; *Neoadjuvant Therapy/adverse effects ; *Lymph Nodes/pathology ; Axilla/pathology ; Middle Aged ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; *Sarcoidosis/pathology ; *Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/drug therapy/pathology ; },
abstract = {Although granulomatous change is not commonly seen in breast cancer tumor bed and/or lymph node after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NCT), they may mimic lymph node metastasis or tumor progression or recurrence. We present a case of diffuse sarcoid-like reaction (SLR) developed in both the breast tumor bed and axillary lymph nodes after NCT. A postmenopausal Hispanic woman presented with a 11.4 cm left breast mass with swollen lymph nodes in her left axilla. A core biopsy of the breast mass was performed, leading to the diagnosis of grade 3 invasive ductal carcinoma. The tumor is negative for estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and human epidermal growth factor receoptor-2 overexpression. The patient received NCT with three cycles of doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide, followed by weekly paclitaxel for 12 weeks. After NCT, the tumor in her left breast significantly reduced in size, but the lymph nodes remained swollen. She subsequently underwent left modified radical mastectomy. Histological examination of the treated tumor bed revealed residual invasive tumor with frequent non-caseating granulomatous change. The granulomatous reaction was also seen in several axillary lymph nodes, of which only one had residual metastatic tumor cells. Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis, sarcoidosis, and infective etiologies were excluded based on the patient's medical history, imaging, and histological findings. We report a case of localized SLR in response to NCT in breast cancer tumor bed and axillary lymph nodes. Recognizing this feature is important to avoid misdiagnosis and overtreatment of SLR as residual cancer.},
}

Humans
Female
*Breast Neoplasms/pathology/drug therapy/surgery
*Neoadjuvant Therapy/adverse effects
*Lymph Nodes/pathology
Axilla/pathology
Middle Aged
Lymphatic Metastasis
*Sarcoidosis/pathology
*Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/drug therapy/pathology

@article {pmid40269494,
year = {2025},
author = {Nakamura, S and Fujii, K and Sakai, M and Sakai, K and Hanazawa, H and Nishimura, K and Notohara, K and Yamaguchi, K and Itasaka, S},
title = {Arm-Behind-the-Back Position for Breast Cancer Radiotherapy in Patients with Lupus Erythematosus and Shoulder Arthropathy: A Case Report.},
journal = {The American journal of case reports},
volume = {26},
number = {},
pages = {e946674},
pmid = {40269494},
issn = {1941-5923},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; *Breast Neoplasms/radiotherapy/complications/surgery ; Adult ; *Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/complications ; *Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/radiotherapy/complications/surgery ; *Shoulder Joint ; *Patient Positioning/methods ; *Radiotherapy, Conformal/methods ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND When 3-dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3DCRT) for postoperative breast cancer is performed in the supine position, patients are required to raise their arms to spare the arms from the irradiation field. However, patients with collagen vascular disease can experience severe joint symptoms. CASE REPORT A 43-year-old woman with a history of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) 10 years ago received a diagnosis of invasive ductal carcinoma of the left breast. Breast-conserving surgery and sentinel lymph node biopsy were performed. The pathological stage was IA. Physical and immunological examinations indicated that SLE disease activity was stable preoperatively and postoperatively. She had difficulty holding her left arm in a raised position because of arthritis related to SLE and steroid therapy. For postoperative radiation therapy, we developed an arm-behind-the-back position, in which a platform was placed between the patient's body and couch. In this position, the patient's arm was lowered behind the back, such that the arm did not interfere with the irradiation field of 3DCRT. The treatment plan achieved an acceptable homogeneity index, low dose to the lungs and heart, and no problematic hotspots. Although the time required for position matching and irradiation tended to be longer than that in the regular supine position, scheduled irradiation was safely completed. Grade 2 radiation dermatitis was observed. The patient showed no signs of local recurrence or distant metastases after 15 months. No radiation pneumonitis was observed. CONCLUSIONS The ingenuity of positioning can achieve radiotherapy in patients with collagen vascular disease and shoulder joint symptoms.},
}

Humans
Female
*Breast Neoplasms/radiotherapy/complications/surgery
Adult
*Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/complications
*Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/radiotherapy/complications/surgery
*Shoulder Joint
*Patient Positioning/methods
*Radiotherapy, Conformal/methods

@article {pmid40262013,
year = {2025},
author = {Young, R and Zaworski, E and Hart, M and Grewe, B and Liang, E and Pierpont, Y},
title = {Sarcoidosis Masquerading as Breast Implant- Associated Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma - The Importance of Definitive Pathology to Guide Therapy.},
journal = {WMJ : official publication of the State Medical Society of Wisconsin},
volume = {124},
number = {1},
pages = {71-73},
pmid = {40262013},
issn = {2379-3961},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/surgery ; Breast Neoplasms/surgery ; *Breast Implants/adverse effects ; Mammaplasty/adverse effects/instrumentation ; *Postoperative Complications/diagnosis/etiology/pathology ; *Lymphoma, Large-Cell, Anaplastic/diagnosis ; *Sarcoidosis/diagnosis/etiology/pathology ; Diagnosis, Differential ; *Seroma/diagnosis/etiology/pathology ; },
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma (BIA-ALCL) is a rare critical outcome of breast implantation that typically presents 8 to 10 years after textured-implant placement with periprosthetic seroma. Treatment consists of implant removal and capsulectomy, which is typically curative. But in rare case, malignant infiltration through the capsule results in disseminated disease, necessitating aggressive treatment with systemic chemotherapy. Sarcoidosis, a chronic systemic granulomatous disease characterized by noncaseating granulomas, is another rare cause of periprosthetic seroma.

CASE PRESENTATION: A 61-year-old female with a history of invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast status post textured implant-based reconstruction presented with late periprosthetic seroma and overlying rash. Cytology of seroma aspirate was suggestive of BIA-ALCL, and positron emission tomography-computed tomography was concerning for invasive disease. Surgical specimen pathology of the implant-capsule complex and skin punch biopsy of the overlying rash revealed only granulomatous inflammation. The patient was diagnosed with sarcoidosis and spared systemic chemotherapy treatment for disseminated BIA-ALCL.

CONCLUSIONS: BIA-ALCL should be ruled out in all cases of late periprosthetic seroma. Definitive surgical pathology is necessary to prevent misdiagnosis and inappropriate treatment of masquerading entities, such as sarcoidosis.},
}

Humans
Female
Middle Aged
Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/surgery
Breast Neoplasms/surgery
*Breast Implants/adverse effects
Mammaplasty/adverse effects/instrumentation
*Postoperative Complications/diagnosis/etiology/pathology
*Lymphoma, Large-Cell, Anaplastic/diagnosis
*Sarcoidosis/diagnosis/etiology/pathology
Diagnosis, Differential
*Seroma/diagnosis/etiology/pathology

@article {pmid40237521,
year = {2025},
author = {Irazoki, A and Frank, E and Pham, TCP and Braun, JL and Ehrlich, AM and Haid, M and Riols, F and Hansen, CHF and Jørgensen, AR and Andersen, NR and Hidalgo-Corbacho, L and Meneses-Valdes, R and Ali, MS and Raun, SH and Modvig, JL and Gallero, S and Larsen, S and Gerhart-Hines, Z and Jensen, TE and Rohm, M and Treebak, JT and Fajardo, VA and Sylow, L},
title = {Housing Temperature Impacts the Systemic and Tissue-Specific Molecular Responses to Cancer in Mice.},
journal = {Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle},
volume = {16},
number = {2},
pages = {e13781},
pmid = {40237521},
issn = {2190-6009},
support = {0169-00013B//Independent Research Fund Denmark/ ; 101108282//European Union's Horizon program, Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions/ ; R449-2023-1468//Lundbeck Foundation/ ; NNF23SA0084103//Novo Nordisk Foundation/ ; /ERC_/European Research Council/International ; 949017//European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; Mice ; *Cachexia/etiology/metabolism ; *Temperature ; *Housing, Animal ; *Neoplasms/complications/metabolism ; Disease Models, Animal ; Male ; Thermogenesis ; Female ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Cancer cachexia, affecting up to 80% of patients with cancer, is characterized by muscle and fat loss with functional decline. Preclinical research seeks to uncover the molecular mechanisms underlying cachexia to identify potential targets. Housing laboratory mice at ambient temperature induces cold stress, triggering thermogenic activity and metabolic adaptations. Yet, the impact of housing temperature on preclinical cachexia remains unknown.

METHODS: Colon 26 carcinoma (C26)-bearing and PBS-inoculated (Ctrl) mice were housed at standard (ST; 20°C-22°C) or thermoneutral temperature (TN; 28°C-32°C). They were monitored for body weight, composition, food intake and systemic factors. Upon necropsy, tissues were weighed and used for evaluation of ex vivo force and respiration, or snap frozen for biochemical assays.

RESULTS: C26 mice lost 7.5% body weight (p = 0.0001 vs. Ctrls), accounted by decreased fat mass (-35%, p < 0.0001 vs. Ctrls), showing mild cachexia irrespective of housing temperature. All C26 mice exhibited reduced force (-40%, p < 0.0001 vs. Ctrls) and increased atrogene expression (3-fold, p < 0.003 vs. Ctrls). Cancer altered white adipose tissue (WAT)'s functional gene signature (49%, p < 0.05 vs. Ctrls), whereas housing temperature reduced brown adipose tissue (BAT)'s (-78%, p < 0.05 vs. ST Ctrl). Thermogenic capacity measured by Ucp1 expression decreased upon cancer in both WAT and BAT (-93% and -63%, p < 0.0044 vs. Ctrls). Cancer-driven glucose intolerance was noted at ST (26%, p = 0.0192 vs. ST Ctrl), but restored at TN (-23%, p = 0.005 vs. ST C26). Circulating FGF21, GDF-15 and IL-6 increased in all C26 mice (4-fold, p < 0.009 vs. Ctrls), with a greater effect on IL-6 at TN (76%, p = 0.0018 vs. ST C26). Tumour and WAT Il6 mRNA levels remained unchanged, while cancer induced skeletal muscle (SkM) Il6 (2-fold, p = 0.0016 vs. Ctrls) at both temperatures. BAT Il6 was only induced in C26 mice at TN (116%, p = 0.0087 vs. ST C26). At the bioenergetics level, cancer increased SkM SERCA ATPase activity at ST (4-fold, p = 0.0108 vs. ST Ctrl) but not at TN. In BAT, O2 consumption enhanced in C26 mice at ST (119%, p < 0.03 vs. ST Ctrl) but was blunted at TN (-44%, p < 0.0001 vs. ST C26). Cancer increased BAT ATP levels regardless of temperature (2-fold, p = 0.0046 vs. Ctrls), while SERCA ATPase activity remained unchanged at ST and decreased at TN (-59%, p = 0.0213 vs. TN Ctrl).

CONCLUSIONS: In mild cachexia, BAT and SkM bioenergetics are susceptible to different housing temperatures, which influences cancer-induced alterations in glucose metabolism and systemic responses.},
}

Animals
Mice
*Cachexia/etiology/metabolism
*Temperature
*Housing, Animal
*Neoplasms/complications/metabolism
Disease Models, Animal
Male
Thermogenesis
Female

@article {pmid40234077,
year = {2025},
author = {Ajmani, A and Witheiler, DW and Kivelevitch, D},
title = {Carcinoma erysipeloides secondary to male breast cancer in a patient with BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations: a clinical presentation and management.},
journal = {BMJ case reports},
volume = {18},
number = {4},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1136/bcr-2024-264429},
pmid = {40234077},
issn = {1757-790X},
mesh = {Humans ; Male ; *Breast Neoplasms, Male/genetics/pathology/drug therapy/complications ; *Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/genetics/drug therapy/pathology ; Aged, 80 and over ; BRCA1 Protein/genetics ; Germ-Line Mutation ; BRCA2 Protein/genetics ; *Skin Neoplasms/secondary/genetics/drug therapy/pathology ; },
abstract = {We report a rare case of carcinoma erysipeloides (CE) in a man in his 80s. The patient exhibited a 15 year history of progressive nodularity over the right areola, accompanied by violaceous erythema extending from the right chest to both the right and left abdomen. The diagnostic workup confirmed invasive ductal carcinoma beneath the areola, intralymphatic carcinoma consistent with CE involving the regional skin and metastatic involvement of a single lymph node. The tumour tested positive for oestrogen and progesterone receptors but negative for HER2; genetic testing revealed the patient harboured germline mutations for BRCA1 and BRCA2. Oncology initiated anastrozole and palbociclib treatment, resulting in objective improvement in his breast cancer and his CE. This case highlights a unique presentation of male breast cancer with CE in the context of BRCA mutations and underscores the importance of genetic evaluation and tailored treatment in men with familial breast cancer syndromes.},
}

Humans
Male
*Breast Neoplasms, Male/genetics/pathology/drug therapy/complications
*Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/genetics/drug therapy/pathology
Aged, 80 and over
BRCA1 Protein/genetics
Germ-Line Mutation
BRCA2 Protein/genetics
*Skin Neoplasms/secondary/genetics/drug therapy/pathology

@article {pmid40214389,
year = {2025},
author = {Kumar, W and Lohia, S and Agrawal, A and Yadav, V},
title = {A rare case of synchronous cervical squamous cell carcinoma and invasive ductal carcinoma of breast.},
journal = {Journal of cancer research and therapeutics},
volume = {21},
number = {1},
pages = {281-283},
doi = {10.4103/jcrt.jcrt_2653_23},
pmid = {40214389},
issn = {1998-4138},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; *Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/pathology/diagnosis/therapy ; Middle Aged ; *Neoplasms, Multiple Primary/pathology/diagnosis ; *Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology/diagnosis/therapy ; *Breast Neoplasms/pathology/diagnosis ; *Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology/diagnosis/therapy ; },
abstract = {Multiple primary neoplasms in the same patient can be of synchronous and metachronous types and are related to common etiologies and common genetic factors. We present a case report of 56-year-old female with the synchronous primary of breast and cervix and the unique challenges we faced in the management. Breast and cervical malignancies have contrasting risk factors and hence lies the significance of this synchronous presentation. The only identifiable commonality lies in the STK gene. We also present a review of the literature regarding similar presentations and a discussion on the possible source of origin of such a unique scenario.},
}

Humans
Female
*Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/pathology/diagnosis/therapy
Middle Aged
*Neoplasms, Multiple Primary/pathology/diagnosis
*Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology/diagnosis/therapy
*Breast Neoplasms/pathology/diagnosis
*Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology/diagnosis/therapy

@article {pmid40213483,
year = {2024},
author = {Garcia-Peiro, JI and Guerrero-López, P and Hornos, F and Hueso, JL and Garcia-Aznar, JM and Santamaria, J},
title = {The Pattern of Copper Release in Copper-Based Nanoparticles Regulates Tumor Proliferation and Invasiveness in 3D Culture Models.},
journal = {Small science},
volume = {4},
number = {12},
pages = {2400206},
pmid = {40213483},
issn = {2688-4046},
abstract = {Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide. Glioblastoma (GBM) is a major challenge in oncology due to its highly invasive nature and limited treatment options. GBM's aggressive migration beyond tumor margins and rapid tumor growth hinders success in patient treatment. Localized therapeutic delivery, such as the use of transition metals like copper, is highlighted as a novel therapeutic agent for many potential biomedical applications. Herein, it is aimed to study the effects of Cu release on the proliferation and invasiveness of cancer cells. To this end, novel copper-based nanostructures with different release patterns are designed. Using a complex 3D cell culture model to mimic the tumor microenvironment, it is shown that different patterns of copper ion release have a strong impact on GBM progression and invasiveness. The findings highlight the importance of optimizing localized copper release patterns to tailor different tumor treatment strategies. They also show the potential and suitability of 3D microchips as instruments to study the behavior of tumor spheroids. In spite of their limitations, these 3D microdevices enable a controlled and close monitoring of the influence of environmental factors (such as the presence of Cu ions) on the proliferation and invasiveness of the cells, with a better approach to reality compared to 2D models and with a more controlled environment, compared to an in vivo model.},
}

@article {pmid40203054,
year = {2025},
author = {Trombley, J and Rakozy, AI and McClear, CA and Jash, E and Csankovszki, G},
title = {Condensin IDC, DPY-21, and CEC-4 maintain X chromosome repression in C. elegans.},
journal = {PLoS genetics},
volume = {21},
number = {4},
pages = {e1011247},
pmid = {40203054},
issn = {1553-7404},
support = {P40 OD010440/OD/NIH HHS/United States ; R35 GM149543/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Caenorhabditis elegans/genetics ; *X Chromosome/genetics ; *Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Dosage Compensation, Genetic/genetics ; *Adenosine Triphosphatases/genetics/metabolism ; *Multiprotein Complexes/genetics/metabolism ; *DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Male ; Histones/metabolism/genetics ; Genes, X-Linked ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Female ; },
abstract = {Dosage compensation in Caenorhabditis elegans equalizes X-linked gene expression between XX hermaphrodites and XO males. The process depends on a condensin-containing dosage compensation complex (DCC), which binds the X chromosomes in hermaphrodites to repress gene expression by a factor of 2. Condensin IDC and an additional five DCC components must be present on the X during early embryogenesis in hermaphrodites to establish dosage compensation. However, whether the DCC's continued presence is required to maintain the repressed state once established is unknown. Beyond the role of condensin IDC in X chromosome compaction, additional mechanisms contribute to X-linked gene repression. DPY-21, a non-condensin IDC DCC component, is an H4K20me2/3 demethylase whose activity enriches the repressive histone mark, H4 lysine 20 monomethylation, on the X chromosomes. In addition, CEC-4, a protein that tethers H3K9me3-rich chromosomal regions to the nuclear lamina, also contributes to X-linked gene repression. To investigate the necessity of condensin IDC during the larval and adult stages of hermaphrodites, we used the auxin-inducible degradation system to deplete the condensin IDC subunit DPY-27. While DPY-27 depletion in the embryonic stages resulted in lethality, DPY-27 depleted larvae and adults survive. In these DPY-27 depleted strains, condensin IDC was no longer associated with the X chromosome, the X became decondensed, and the H4K20me1 mark was gradually lost, leading to X-linked gene derepression (about 1.4-fold). These results suggest that the stable maintenance of dosage compensation requires the continued presence of condensin IDC. A loss-of-function mutation in cec-4, in addition to the depletion of DPY-27 or the genetic mutation of dpy-21, led to even more significant increases in X-linked gene expression (about 1.7-fold), suggesting that CEC-4 helps stabilize repression mediated by condensin IDC and H4K20me1.},
}

Animals
*Caenorhabditis elegans/genetics
*X Chromosome/genetics
*Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins/genetics/metabolism
Dosage Compensation, Genetic/genetics
*Adenosine Triphosphatases/genetics/metabolism
*Multiprotein Complexes/genetics/metabolism
*DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics/metabolism
Male
Histones/metabolism/genetics
Genes, X-Linked
Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental
Female

@article {pmid40189767,
year = {2025},
author = {Kawata, C and Terakawa, H and Kurokawa, Y and Ohe, Y and Mohri, R and Hirata, M and Kitahara, T and Moriyama, H and Kinoshita, J and Kawashima, H and Inaki, N},
title = {[A Case of Advanced Breast Cancer with Axillary Lymph Node Metastasis Complicated by Neurofibromatosis Type 1].},
journal = {Gan to kagaku ryoho. Cancer & chemotherapy},
volume = {52},
number = {3},
pages = {255-257},
pmid = {40189767},
issn = {0385-0684},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; *Breast Neoplasms/pathology/surgery/complications/drug therapy ; Middle Aged ; *Neurofibromatosis 1/complications ; Axilla ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use ; Lymph Node Excision ; },
abstract = {The patient was a 55-year-old woman who had been diagnosed with neurofibromatosis type 1(NF1)since she was young. A 50 mm mass with skin changes was palpated on the outside of the left breast. As a result of a detailed examination of the whole body, invasive ductal carcinoma of Luminal B like was observed, and cT4N1M0, Stage ⅢB left breast cancer was diagnosed. After preoperative chemotherapy, total left mastectomy and axillary lymph node dissection were performed. NF1 is an autosomal overt inherited disease characterized by multiple neurofibromas and pigment spots. It is called von Recklinghausen disease, and it is said that there are many complications of malignant tumors such as breast cancer, mainly nervous system tumors. In breast cancer complicated by NF1, there is a high rate of diagnosis as advanced cancer due to delayed awareness of breast masses due to unique skin lesions and a tendency to refrain from visiting medical institutions or medical examinations due to latent shame about appearance. In this study, we report 1 case of advanced breast cancer complicated by NF1.},
}

Humans
Female
*Breast Neoplasms/pathology/surgery/complications/drug therapy
Middle Aged
*Neurofibromatosis 1/complications
Axilla
Lymphatic Metastasis
Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use
Lymph Node Excision

@article {pmid40189766,
year = {2025},
author = {Mizuyama, Y and Takashima, T},
title = {[A Case of Pulmonary Tuberculosis Developed During Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy for HER2-Enriched Breast Cancer].},
journal = {Gan to kagaku ryoho. Cancer & chemotherapy},
volume = {52},
number = {3},
pages = {252-254},
pmid = {40189766},
issn = {0385-0684},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; *Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy/surgery/chemistry ; *Neoadjuvant Therapy/adverse effects ; Aged ; *Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/drug therapy/etiology ; *Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use/adverse effects ; *Receptor, ErbB-2/analysis ; *Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/drug therapy/surgery ; Antitubercular Agents/therapeutic use ; },
abstract = {In the 1990s, the number of newly registered tuberculosis patients in Japan was about 40,000 per year. It has been gradually decreasing and the number of new patients became 10,235 in 2022 with the incidence rate of 8.2 per 100,000 population. However it is still occasionally encountered even in recent years. Herein, we report a case of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER2)-enriched breast cancer patient developed pulmonary tuberculosis just after finishing neoadjuvant chemotherapy and was successfully treated for both disease simultaneously. A 68 years old woman presented due to right breast mass was diagnosed with hormonal receptor-negative, HER2-positive invasive ductal carcinoma. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy with paclitaxel, trastuzumab and pertuzumab was started. After 12 courses of chemotherapy, CT scan revealed disappearance of the right breast tumor and infiltrating shadow in the left lower lung field. Sputum polymerase chain reaction test for tuberculosis was positive. Anti-tuberculosis chemotherapy was started. Four days after starting isoniazid, partial mastectomy was performed under local anesthesia and radiation therapy for the breast was omitted. There are no signs of recurrence of breast cancer and pulmonary tuberculosis for 5 years. Chemotherapy for breast cancer and premedication with corticosteroid may have inhibited cellular immunity, causing endogenous relapse of tuberculosis.},
}

Humans
Female
*Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy/surgery/chemistry
*Neoadjuvant Therapy/adverse effects
Aged
*Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/drug therapy/etiology
*Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use/adverse effects
*Receptor, ErbB-2/analysis
*Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/drug therapy/surgery
Antitubercular Agents/therapeutic use

@article {pmid40186732,
year = {2025},
author = {Stamey, T and Armel, K and Ju, AW and Chen, S and Navaid, M and Bhatt, A and Larkins, MC},
title = {Treatment outcomes and comparative survival analysis of intraductal carcinoma of the prostate.},
journal = {International urology and nephrology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {40186732},
issn = {1573-2584},
abstract = {PURPOSE: Intraductal carcinoma of the prostate is a rare subset of prostate cancer, for which no consensus treatment guidelines exist. We seek to investigate treatment and survival outcomes for IDC-P in the context of current NCCN guidelines.

METHODS: The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database was queried to identify patients with intraductal carcinoma of the prostate diagnosed between 2000 and 2020. Cox regression analysis and log-rank comparisons of both overall and cause-specific survival over 5- and 10-year timeframes were conducted.

RESULTS: 945 patients were identified. Cox regression analysis demonstrated treatment with unimodal surgery (hazard ratio (HR) = 3.70, p = 0.005) was associated with decreased 10-year cause-specific survival, while unimodal treatment with radiotherapy was associated with decreased 5- and 10-year overall survival (HR = 2.14, p = 0.025; HR = 2.16, p = 0.005, respectively). Univariate survival subanalysis of treatment regimens demonstrated decreased 5-year cause-specific (p = 0.004) and overall (p = 0.019) survival among patients that received only radiotherapy as treatment. Radical prostatectomy alone was non-inferior to radical prostatectomy with adjuvant radiotherapy in the context of 10-year overall survival (90% vs 80%; p = 0.58).

CONCLUSION: Differences in both 5- and 10-year overall survival and cause-specific survival were present among patients diagnosed with IDC-P. Treatment with unimodal radiotherapy among patients with IDC-P was associated with decreased survival compared to treatment with radical prostatectomy ± adjuvant radiotherapy, while radical prostatectomy alone was non-inferior to radical prostatectomy with adjuvant radiotherapy. Further research into the risk stratification and optimal treatment of these patients is warranted.},
}

@article {pmid40156779,
year = {2024},
author = {Arinola, G and Onifade, AA and Adigun, K and Oshingbesan, MB},
title = {Review of immune-metabolic studies and re-purposed treatments of Nigerian COVID-19 patients: A pointer to mild, gender- and age-based status of admitted patients.},
journal = {Nigerian journal of physiological sciences : official publication of the Physiological Society of Nigeria},
volume = {39},
number = {2},
pages = {177-183},
doi = {10.54548/njps.v39i2.2},
pmid = {40156779},
issn = {0794-859X},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/immunology/epidemiology ; Nigeria/epidemiology ; SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; Age Factors ; Female ; Male ; COVID-19 Drug Treatment ; Sex Factors ; Severity of Illness Index ; },
abstract = {When Severe Acute Respiratory human Coronavirus 2 (SARS-hCOV 2) infection began in December 2019, detailed knowledge about the virus was lacking. This included non-availability of anti-viral treatment or vaccine, no knowledge of virus-human interaction, and lack of prognostic factors for stages of illness among others. A publication in Nigerian Journal of Physiological Sciences (2020). 35: 20-25 titled "Immune Responses During Human Coronavirus Infection: Suggestions For Future Studies" adduced investigations into immune parameters of COVID-19 patients so as to throw more light on the immunopathogenesis of SAR-CoV-2 infection, in order to create avenue for the development of vaccines or herd immunity. This present publication is a review of studies carried out on COVID-19 patients in one Infectious Diseases Center (I.D.C), Ibadan, Nigeria as a response to the gaps in knowledge raised in above mentioned publication. Cummulatively, immune-metabolic studies from this IDC revealed mild, age- and sex-dependent status of COVID-19 in patients admitted into this center. Thus, explaining the basis for the effectiveness of adopted re-purposed drugs (chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine, zinc, vitamins C and D and or antibiotics), physiotherapy and nutritional support used for the management of admitted COVID-19 patients. Also, this paper vindicated that inflammation was heightened during SARS-CoV 2 infection; therefore therapeutic interventions to control the inflammatory processes, oxidative stress, antibodies against structural and non-structural proteins or blocks receptor sites were proposed. In addition, development of herd immunity and efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines (Astrazeneca and Moderna) were elucidated in general population. However, study to determine host genetic factors in hCoV infection was lacking. This review concluded that interdisciplinary collaborative approach will be useful in the management of future emerging or re-emerging infection.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/immunology/epidemiology
Nigeria/epidemiology
SARS-CoV-2/immunology
Age Factors
Female
Male
COVID-19 Drug Treatment
Sex Factors
Severity of Illness Index

@article {pmid40144454,
year = {2025},
author = {Arcanjo, AM and de Souza, AF and de Souza Quedas, EP and de Menezes Correia-Deur, JE and Ferreira, DL and de Almeida Toledo, SP and Lourenço, DM},
title = {Primary hypertrophic osteoarthropathy: phenotypic variability and penetrance rate in heterozygotes for SLCO2A1 variants.},
journal = {JBMR plus},
volume = {9},
number = {4},
pages = {ziaf026},
pmid = {40144454},
issn = {2473-4039},
abstract = {Primary hypertrophic osteoarthropathy (PHO) is a rare autosomal recessive disease caused by pathogenic variants (PVs) in HPGD and SLCO2A1 genes whose phenotypes are, respectively, designated as PHOAR1 and PHOAR2. Recently, a dominant inherited form (PHOAD) was identified in SLCO2A1 heterozygotes whose PHO penetrance is widely unknown, and data on phenotype are markedly limited. Our aim was to reveal the penetrance and extend/refine data on phenotype of SLCO2A1 heterozygotes. Both genes were sequenced using Sanger sequencing. The 4 probands had a typical complete form (CF) of PHO. Mean ages at symptom onset and clinical diagnosis were, respectively, 18.5 ± 2.7 (16-22) years and 22 ± 3.4 (18-26) years. They were homozygotes for SLCO2A1 (p.Q188R, p.C420F, p.A176T; p.G104[*]) PVs; 2 were novel variants. We focused on 14 SLCO2A1 heterozygous screened relatives from 3 families: 5 elderly individuals (mean age: 78 ± 6.7 [72-86] years) of the parental generation were affected, 2 by incomplete form (IF) and 3 with isolated digital clubbing (IDC). Combining our 14 carriers and 33 reported so far, the estimated overall PHO penetrance was 70%, being significantly higher in men (83% vs 50%; p = .024) and individuals carrying truncated SLCO2A1 PVs (88% vs 53%; p = .053). In turn, the periostosis penetrance rate in women was 28% (5/18), including our oldest patient (86 years). In the probands, the predominant phenotypes were CF (64%) and IF (36%). Among screened carriers, phenotypes were IDC (41%) followed by IF and fruste form (FF) (28%, each), whereas IDC and FF were the predominant phenotypes in screened men and women, respectively. As a novelty, we uncovered an incomplete penetrance of PHO in SLCO2A1 heterozygotes, with higher rates in elderly individuals, males, and those with truncated PVs. Regarding phenotype, PHO is more pronounced in males, periostosis is likely more frequent in females than previously documented in PHOAR2, and IDC may represent a distinct clinical feature in SLCO2A1 heterozygotes.},
}

@article {pmid40124702,
year = {2025},
author = {Sahoo, AS and Salman, M and Singh, B and Weston-Petrides, G and Ragad, L and Elayyan, R},
title = {Scout In, Scout out: Savi scout reflector traversing a dilated duct to the nipple in breast cancer localisation-a case report.},
journal = {Oxford medical case reports},
volume = {2025},
number = {3},
pages = {omae196},
pmid = {40124702},
issn = {2053-8855},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Savi scout system is being widely used for localising and excising breast tumours. While the migration of scout reflectors has been documented, this is the first case of a Savi Scout reflector migrating through a dilated duct near the lesion and coming out of the nipple.

CASE PRESENTATION: A 56-year-old postmenopausal woman with a history of right breast intraductal papilloma which transformed to Grade II Invasive Ductal Carcinoma (IDC) has a Savi Scout reflector placed in the tumour. However, it migrated through a dilated duct and emerged at the nipple, causing severe pain. The reflector was then surgically removed, and the patient subsequently underwent wide local excision with skin marker localisation.

CONCLUSION: Anatomical variations such as presence of dilated ducts need to be considered before placing scout reflectors. Appropriate positioning would prevent them from migrating through such ducts avoiding patient discomfort and further procedures for localisation.},
}

@article {pmid40119428,
year = {2025},
author = {Fortunato, A and Mallo, D and Cisneros, L and King, LM and Khan, A and Curtis, C and Ryser, MD and Lo, JY and Hall, A and Marks, JR and Hwang, ES and Maley, CC},
title = {Evolutionary measures show that recurrence of DCIS is distinct from progression to breast cancer.},
journal = {Breast cancer research : BCR},
volume = {27},
number = {1},
pages = {43},
pmid = {40119428},
issn = {1465-542X},
support = {U54 CA217376/NH/NIH HHS/United States ; U2C CA233254/NH/NIH HHS/United States ; ADHS18-198847//Arizona Biomedical Research Commission/ ; U54 CA217376/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States ; BC132057//Congressionally Directed Medical Research Programs/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; *Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/genetics/pathology ; *Breast Neoplasms/genetics/pathology ; *Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/genetics/pathology ; *Disease Progression ; Middle Aged ; Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics ; Aged ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Exome Sequencing ; Adult ; Longitudinal Studies ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Progression from pre-cancers like ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) to invasive disease (cancer) is driven by somatic evolution and is altered by clinical interventions. We hypothesized that genetic and/or phenotypic intra-tumor heterogeneity would predict clinical outcomes for DCIS since it serves as the substrate for natural selection among cells.

METHODS: We profiled two samples from two geographically distinct foci from each DCIS in both cross-sectional (n = 119) and longitudinal cohorts (n = 224), with whole exome sequencing, low-pass whole genome sequencing, and a panel of immunohistochemical markers.

RESULTS: In the longitudinal cohorts, the only statistically significant associations with time to non-invasive DCIS recurrence were the combination of treatment (lumpectomy only vs mastectomy or lumpectomy with radiation, HR 12.13, p = 0.003, Wald test with FDR correction), ER status (HR 0.16 for ER+ compared to ER-, p = 0.0045), and divergence in SNVs between the two samples (HR 1.33 per 10% divergence, p = 0.018). SNV divergence also distinguished between pure DCIS and DCIS synchronous with invasive disease in the cross-sectional cohort. In contrast, the only statistically significant associations with time to progression to invasive disease were the combination of the width of the surgical margin (HR 0.67 per mm, p = 0.043) and the number of mutations that were detectable at high allele frequencies (HR 1.30 per 10 SNVs, p = 0.02). No predictors were significantly associated with both DCIS recurrence and progression to invasive disease, suggesting that the evolutionary scenarios that lead to these clinical outcomes are markedly different.

CONCLUSIONS: These results imply that recurrence with DCIS is a clinical and biological process different from invasive progression.},
}

Humans
Female
*Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/genetics/pathology
*Breast Neoplasms/genetics/pathology
*Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/genetics/pathology
*Disease Progression
Middle Aged
Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
Aged
Cross-Sectional Studies
Exome Sequencing
Adult
Longitudinal Studies

@article {pmid40055309,
year = {2025},
author = {El Bounkari, O and Zan, C and Yang, B and Ebert, S and Wagner, J and Bugar, E and Kramer, N and Bourilhon, P and Kontos, C and Zarwel, M and Sinitski, D and Milic, J and Jansen, Y and Kempf, WE and Sachs, N and Maegdefessel, L and Ji, H and Gokce, O and Riols, F and Haid, M and Gerra, S and Hoffmann, A and Brandhofer, M and Avdic, M and Bucala, R and Megens, RTA and Willemsen, N and Messerer, D and Schulz, C and Bartelt, A and Harm, T and Rath, D and Döring, Y and Gawaz, M and Weber, C and Kapurniotu, A and Bernhagen, J},
title = {An atypical atherogenic chemokine that promotes advanced atherosclerosis and hepatic lipogenesis.},
journal = {Nature communications},
volume = {16},
number = {1},
pages = {2297},
pmid = {40055309},
issn = {2041-1723},
mesh = {Animals ; *Lipogenesis/genetics ; *Atherosclerosis/metabolism/pathology/genetics ; Mice ; *Liver/metabolism/pathology ; Receptors, CXCR4/metabolism ; Humans ; *Macrophage Migration-Inhibitory Factors/metabolism/genetics ; Male ; *Intramolecular Oxidoreductases/metabolism/genetics ; *Chemokines/metabolism/genetics ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Knockout, ApoE ; Antigens, Differentiation, B-Lymphocyte/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Hepatocytes/metabolism ; Mice, Knockout ; Apolipoproteins E/genetics ; Histocompatibility Antigens Class II ; },
abstract = {Atherosclerosis is the underlying cause of myocardial infarction and ischemic stroke. It is a lipid-triggered and cytokine/chemokine-driven arterial inflammatory condition. We identify D-dopachrome tautomerase/macrophage migration-inhibitory factor-2 (MIF-2), a paralog of the cytokine MIF, as an atypical chemokine promoting both atherosclerosis and hepatic lipid accumulation. In hyperlipidemic Apoe[-/-] mice, Mif-2-deficiency and pharmacological MIF-2-blockade protect against lesion formation and vascular inflammation in early and advanced atherogenesis. MIF-2 promotes leukocyte migration, endothelial arrest, and foam-cell formation, and we identify CXCR4 as a receptor for MIF-2. Mif-2-deficiency in Apoe[-/-] mice leads to decreased plasma lipid levels and suppressed hepatic lipid accumulation, characterized by reductions in lipogenesis-related pathways, tri-/diacylglycerides, and cholesterol-esters, as revealed by hepatic transcriptomics/lipidomics. Hepatocyte cultures and FLIM-FRET-microscopy suggest that MIF-2 activates SREBP-driven lipogenic genes, mechanistically involving MIF-2-inducible CD74/CXCR4 complexes and PI3K/AKT but not AMPK signaling. MIF-2 is upregulated in unstable carotid plaques from atherosclerotic patients and its plasma concentration correlates with disease severity in patients with coronary artery disease. These findings establish MIF-2 as an atypical chemokine linking vascular inflammation to metabolic dysfunction in atherosclerosis.},
}

Animals
*Lipogenesis/genetics
*Atherosclerosis/metabolism/pathology/genetics
Mice
*Liver/metabolism/pathology
Receptors, CXCR4/metabolism
Humans
*Macrophage Migration-Inhibitory Factors/metabolism/genetics
Male
*Intramolecular Oxidoreductases/metabolism/genetics
*Chemokines/metabolism/genetics
Mice, Inbred C57BL
Mice, Knockout, ApoE
Antigens, Differentiation, B-Lymphocyte/metabolism
Signal Transduction
Hepatocytes/metabolism
Mice, Knockout
Apolipoproteins E/genetics
Histocompatibility Antigens Class II

@article {pmid40053423,
year = {2025},
author = {Pecora, V and Samynathan, A and Rosenfeld, A and Tariq, Z and Saardi, K},
title = {Cutaneous metastases mimicking hidradenitis suppurativa: a diagnostic challenge.},
journal = {Wounds : a compendium of clinical research and practice},
volume = {37},
number = {2},
pages = {63-67},
doi = {10.25270/wnds/24155},
pmid = {40053423},
issn = {1943-2704},
mesh = {Humans ; *Hidradenitis Suppurativa/diagnosis/pathology ; Female ; *Skin Neoplasms/secondary/diagnosis/pathology ; Diagnosis, Differential ; *Breast Neoplasms/pathology ; Middle Aged ; Adult ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic, recurrent, and debilitating inflammatory condition characterized by abscesses, comedones, and nodules. The heterogeneous presentation of HS often leads to diagnostic challenges, with clinical mimics such as cutaneous metastases (CMs) being of particular importance. CMs can present as initial manifestations of metastatic disease, necessitating accurate identification to guide potentially lifesaving treatment. However, the diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for HS and CMs differ significantly, underscoring the need for prompt and accurate differentiation.

CASE REPORT: This report presents 3 cases of primary malignancies in which CMs mimicked HS. Case 1 had diffuse large B-cell lymphoma; case 2 had a history of right breast atypical ductal hyperplasia and borderline low-grade ductal carcinoma in situ, along with triple-negative invasive ductal carcinoma of the left breast with extensive metastasis to the iliac bone and lung; and case 3 had invasive mammary carcinoma of the right breast with axillary lymph node involvement. All 3 patients presented with nodular lesions resembling HS, but further investigation, including molecular testing, confirmed the diagnosis of CMs.

CONCLUSION: The clinical overlap between HS and CMs, which can present with similar features such as nodules, abscesses, and draining lesions, underscores the critical importance of distinguishing these entities. Despite their similar clinical appearance, HS and CMs have vastly different management protocols. Accurate diagnosis of CMs enables timely and appropriate intervention, which in turn aids in optimizing clinical outcomes and ensuring the use of effective treatment strategies for affected patients.},
}

Humans
*Hidradenitis Suppurativa/diagnosis/pathology
Female
*Skin Neoplasms/secondary/diagnosis/pathology
Diagnosis, Differential
*Breast Neoplasms/pathology
Middle Aged
Adult

@article {pmid40042344,
year = {2025},
author = {Raeisi, N and Saber Tanha, A and Aryana, K and Akbari Oryani, M and Barashki, S},
title = {99m Tc-FAPI-46 Uptake in Simultaneous Occurrence of Benign Thyroid Nodule and Mixed-Mucinous-Invasive Ductal Breast Carcinoma.},
journal = {Clinical nuclear medicine},
volume = {50},
number = {5},
pages = {e297-e299},
doi = {10.1097/RLU.0000000000005729},
pmid = {40042344},
issn = {1536-0229},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; Aged ; *Breast Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging/complications/pathology/metabolism ; *Thyroid Nodule/diagnostic imaging/complications/metabolism ; *Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/diagnostic imaging/complications ; *Organotechnetium Compounds/metabolism ; Biological Transport ; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; Radionuclide Imaging ; },
abstract = {We present a case of a 65-year-old woman diagnosed with mixed mucinous-invasive ductal carcinoma, a rare subtype of breast cancer. Utilizing 99m Tc-FAPI-46 scintigraphy, we observed a high target-to-background ratio in the breast mass and metastatic axillary lymph nodes. Notably, a benign follicular nodule was also detected in the thyroid which showed absent 99m Tc-FAPI uptake. Our findings suggest that 99m Tc-FAPI-46 shares similar characteristics with 68 Ga-FAPI and may outperform 18 F-FDG PET/CT in mucinous breast cancer. This case highlights the potential of FAPI as a predictive biomarker for malignancy and its role in benign findings.},
}

Humans
Female
Aged
*Breast Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging/complications/pathology/metabolism
*Thyroid Nodule/diagnostic imaging/complications/metabolism
*Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/diagnostic imaging/complications
*Organotechnetium Compounds/metabolism
Biological Transport
Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography
Neoplasm Invasiveness
Radionuclide Imaging

@article {pmid40039929,
year = {2024},
author = {Rukhsana, and Khan, WA and Conway, M and Lee, YJ and Khattak, AM},
title = {BCAT2 Expression in IDC Breast Cancer subtypes: A Weighted Feature-Based Approach to Identify and Rank Associated Genes Across Public Datasets.},
journal = {Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference},
volume = {2024},
number = {},
pages = {1-4},
doi = {10.1109/EMBC53108.2024.10782766},
pmid = {40039929},
issn = {2694-0604},
mesh = {Humans ; *Breast Neoplasms/genetics/classification ; Female ; *Transaminases/genetics/metabolism ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; *Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/genetics ; Gene Expression Profiling/methods ; Databases, Genetic ; },
abstract = {It has been observed that breast cancer is associated with dysregulation of several metabolic pathways that produce metabolite addiction, such as the dependence on glutamine for tumor development. These discoveries might be applied to personalized treatment of this heterogeneous illness by employing specific gene expression or metabolites in cancer therapy. BCAT1 and BCAT2 encode the human branched-chain aminotransferase proteins (hBCAT) involved in cellular metabolism process. Here BCAT2 is exploited through weighted feature-based approach to identify and rank associated genes across public datasets of breast cancer invasive ductal carcinoma patients. BCAT2 lower expression was observed to have the worst prognosis, and BCAT2 gene expression which might be associated with triggering the risk, are ranked, and visualized in different subtypes of breast cancer. These findings give a strong clue to further investigate through experimental approach.},
}

Humans
*Breast Neoplasms/genetics/classification
Female
*Transaminases/genetics/metabolism
*Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
*Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/genetics
Gene Expression Profiling/methods
Databases, Genetic

@article {pmid40038709,
year = {2025},
author = {Reunanen, VLJ and Jokinen, TS and Lilja-Maula, L and Hytönen, MK and Lappalainen, AK},
title = {Allelic frequency of 12-FGF4RG and the association between the genotype with number of calcified intervertebral discs visible on radiographs in Coton de Tuléar and French Bulldog breeds.},
journal = {BMC veterinary research},
volume = {21},
number = {1},
pages = {140},
pmid = {40038709},
issn = {1746-6148},
mesh = {Animals ; Dogs ; *Dog Diseases/genetics/diagnostic imaging ; *Intervertebral Disc Degeneration/genetics/diagnostic imaging/veterinary ; Genotype ; Male ; Female ; *Gene Frequency ; Retrospective Studies ; Radiography/veterinary ; Intervertebral Disc/diagnostic imaging/pathology ; *Calcinosis/diagnostic imaging/genetics/veterinary ; Breeding ; Prospective Studies ; *Fibroblast Growth Factor 4/genetics ; Intervertebral Disc Displacement ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Intervertebral disc disease (IVDD) is a major welfare issue in chondrodystrophic dogs. It is a consequence of chondroid metaplasia of the nucleus pulposus, leading to premature degeneration and calcification of the intervertebral discs (IVDs). Radiographic grading based on the number of calcified discs visible on radiograph (CDVR) between the ages of 24-48 months is an established method for selective breeding against IVDD in dogs. Premature IVD degeneration has a genetic background, and a FGF4 retrogene insertion on chromosome 12 (12-FGF4RG) has been shown to be involved. The aim of this study was to determine the 12-FGF4RG allele frequency and genotype proportions, and the influence of the 12-FGF4RG genotype on number of CDVR in a study population of young adult Coton de Tuléars and French Bulldogs. In this combined prospective and retrospective analytical study, we investigated dogs radiographically screened at 24-48 months of age. The first dataset consisted of 12-FGF4RG genotyping results of 465 Coton de Tuléars and intervertebral disc calcification (IDC) grading results (no, mild, moderate, or severe) for 222 of them. The second dataset included 12-FGF4RG genotypes and IDC grading results (no or severe) of 81 French Bulldogs.

RESULTS: We observed 12-FGF4RG homozygous, heterozygous and wildtype individuals in both studied breeds. The 12-FGF4RG allele frequencies were also lower than previously reported in the studied breeds and Coton de Tuléars had lower allele frequency (0.35) than French Bulldogs (0.85). The distribution of IDC grading results were 59% no, 16% mild, 9% moderate and 16% severe in Coton de Tuléars and 59% no and 41% severe in French Bulldogs. In both breeds, every copy of the 12-FGF4RG allele significantly increased the risk for a higher number of CDVR, indicating incomplete dominance.

CONCLUSIONS: Our results confirm the significant association between the 12-FGF4RG allele and the number of CDVR and IDC grade in two different chondrodystrophic breeds in age-controlled cohorts of young adult dogs. Our results also suggest that radiographic screening of CDVR and genetic testing of 12-FGF4RG could be used to breed against IVD degeneration predisposing to IVDD.},
}

Animals
Dogs
*Dog Diseases/genetics/diagnostic imaging
*Intervertebral Disc Degeneration/genetics/diagnostic imaging/veterinary
Genotype
Male
Female
*Gene Frequency
Retrospective Studies
Radiography/veterinary
Intervertebral Disc/diagnostic imaging/pathology
*Calcinosis/diagnostic imaging/genetics/veterinary
Breeding
Prospective Studies
*Fibroblast Growth Factor 4/genetics
Intervertebral Disc Displacement

@article {pmid40016543,
year = {2025},
author = {Botty van den Bruele, A and Ren, Y and Thomas, SM and Ntowe, KW and Rosenberger, LH and Menendez, C and Grimm, LJ and Chiba, A and Plichta, JK},
title = {High risk surveillance MRI may not be necessary in BRCA1/2 mutation carriers over 70 years old.},
journal = {Breast cancer research and treatment},
volume = {211},
number = {2},
pages = {421-429},
pmid = {40016543},
issn = {1573-7217},
support = {P30CA014236/NH/NIH HHS/United States ; P30CA014236/NH/NIH HHS/United States ; P30CA014236/NH/NIH HHS/United States ; P30CA014236/NH/NIH HHS/United States ; P30CA014236/NH/NIH HHS/United States ; P30CA014236/NH/NIH HHS/United States ; P30CA014236/NH/NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; *Breast Neoplasms/genetics/diagnostic imaging/epidemiology/diagnosis/pathology ; Middle Aged ; Aged ; Adult ; *Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods ; *Mutation ; *BRCA2 Protein/genetics ; *BRCA1 Protein/genetics ; Heterozygote ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Retrospective Studies ; Mammography ; Genetic Testing ; Early Detection of Cancer ; Age Factors ; Genes, BRCA1 ; Genes, BRCA2 ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The risk of developing breast cancer up to age 80 for women with BRCA1/2 mutations is approximately 69-72%. The risk estimates, however, become labile in the later years of life. Many older BRCA1/2 mutation carriers who have not developed breast cancer continue to undergo high-risk surveillance. We evaluated breast cancers in women age ≥ 70 and identified which modality diagnosed the malignancy.

METHODS: Females with BRCA1/2 mutations identified between 1996 and 2022 were included in this single institution retrospective review. The cohort was divided by age at BRCA1/2 diagnosis (30-59, 60-69 & ≥ 70). The number of malignancies and imaging modality which led to the diagnosis were recorded.

RESULTS: There were 316 patients with BRCA1/2 mutations: 266/316 (84.2%) were 30-59 years old at the time of genetic testing, 35/316 (11.1%) were 60-69, and 15/316 (4.7%) were ≥ 70. Median follow-up was 57 months (IQR 21.6-114.6). There were 178 (56.3%) breast malignancies diagnosed; 161/266 (60.5%) age 30-59, 11/35 (31.4%) ages 60-69, and 6/15 (40%) age ≥ 70 (p = 0.002). Of patients with a malignant diagnosis (n = 178), 140/178 (78.7%) had their cancers discovered on either screening or diagnostic mammogram, 30/178 (16.9%) by MRI, 1 /178 (0.6%) on ultrasound, and 1/178 (0.6%) was discovered on surgical pathology. Of the breast cancers diagnosed in patients age ≥ 70, 66.7% (4/6) were found on mammogram.

CONCLUSIONS: In women ≥ 70 with BRCA1/2 mutations, mammograms may be sufficient surveillance. Given that a number of older BRCA1/2 carriers may never develop breast cancer, our data supports individualized care and consideration for de-escalated surveillance in those ≥ 70.},
}

Humans
Female
*Breast Neoplasms/genetics/diagnostic imaging/epidemiology/diagnosis/pathology
Middle Aged
Aged
Adult
*Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods
*Mutation
*BRCA2 Protein/genetics
*BRCA1 Protein/genetics
Heterozygote
Genetic Predisposition to Disease
Retrospective Studies
Mammography
Genetic Testing
Early Detection of Cancer
Age Factors
Genes, BRCA1
Genes, BRCA2

@article {pmid40013144,
year = {2025},
author = {Li, X and Wu, N and Wang, C and Pei, B and Ma, X and Xie, J and Yang, W},
title = {NALCN expression is down-regulated and associated with immune infiltration in gastric cancer.},
journal = {Frontiers in immunology},
volume = {16},
number = {},
pages = {1512107},
pmid = {40013144},
issn = {1664-3224},
mesh = {Humans ; *Stomach Neoplasms/immunology/genetics/pathology/metabolism ; Cell Line, Tumor ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; *Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/immunology/metabolism ; Down-Regulation ; Tumor Microenvironment/immunology ; Female ; Cell Proliferation ; Male ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: NALCN has been identified as a tumor suppressor gene, and its role in human cancer progression has garnered significant attention. However, there is a paucity of experimental studies specifically addressing the relationship between NALCN and immune cell infiltration in gastric cancer (GC).

METHODS: The expression levels of NALCN in tumor tissues, peripheral blood and gastric cancer cells lines from patients with GC were assessed using RNA sequencing, immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining and RT-qPCR. Data obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) databases were utilized to investigate the correlation between NALCN expression and immune cell infiltration in GC. Subsequently, the relationship between NALCN expression and infiltrating immune cells in GC tissues was examined through immunofluorescence method. Additionally, in vitro experiments were conducted to evaluate the impact of NALCN knockdown on T cells function in GC cell lines.

RESULTS: RNA sequencing analysis revealed that NALCN expression was significantly downregulated in GC tissues. Specifically, NALCN levels were lower in GC tumor tissues and plasma compared to adjacent non-tumor tissues and healthy controls. Consistent with these findings, the expression trend of NALCN mRNA in the GEO database mirrored the experimental results. Mechanistically, NALCN knockdown markedly enhanced cell proliferation, colony formation and migration while reducing apoptosis rates in AGS and GES-1 cells. Analysis of the TCGA database indicated a positive correlation between NALCN expression and the infiltration of B cells, cytotoxic cells, immature dendritic cells (iDC) cells, CD8[+] T cells, and others in GC tissue. Conversely, Th17 and Th2 cells infiltration exhibited a negative correlation with NALCN expression. Immunofluorescence staining confirmed that B cells and CD8 T cells were more abundant in GC tumor tissues with high NALCN expression, whereas Th17 and Th2 cells were less prevalent. Subsequently, we co-cultured GC cells transfected with NALCN knockdown or control vectors along with their supernatants with T cells. The results demonstrated that NALCN knockdown in GC cells or their supernatants inhibited T cell proliferation compared to control conditions. Moreover, NALCN may play a role in glucose and glutamine uptake.

CONCLUSIONS: NALCN facilitates immune cell aggregation in GC and has potential as a biomarker for immune infiltration.},
}

Humans
*Stomach Neoplasms/immunology/genetics/pathology/metabolism
Cell Line, Tumor
*Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
*Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/immunology/metabolism
Down-Regulation
Tumor Microenvironment/immunology
Female
Cell Proliferation
Male

@article {pmid40011966,
year = {2025},
author = {Pirooznia, P and Meighani, EM and Ghaffari, F},
title = {Exploring new frontiers in oncofertility preservation: a case of ovarian stimulation during pregnancy.},
journal = {Journal of ovarian research},
volume = {18},
number = {1},
pages = {39},
pmid = {40011966},
issn = {1757-2215},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; *Ovulation Induction/methods ; Pregnancy ; *Fertility Preservation/methods ; Adult ; *Breast Neoplasms/therapy/complications/drug therapy ; Letrozole ; *Pregnancy Complications, Neoplastic ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The standard treatment for Pregnancy-Associated Breast Cancer (PABC) includes surgery and neoadjuvant chemotherapy, which can impair fertility, emphasizing the critical need for fertility preservation in these patients. This case report discusses a breast cancer patient who was found to be pregnant shortly after starting treatment. Despite the pregnancy and increased levels of βHCG and progesterone, the ovarian stimulation cycle yielded a satisfactory number of mature oocytes and high-quality embryos.

CASE PRESENTATION: A 40-year-old woman, G1Ab1 (Gravida1Abortion1), who was diagnosed with Invasive Ductal Carcinoma with negative receptors (Estrogen Receptor, Progesterone Receptor, and Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2) was referred to the oncofertility unit of the Royan Infertility Center for fertility preservation prior to the commencement of chemotherapy. Following necessary consultations and procedures, and confirming a negative pregnancy test, a random start letrozole-based protocol was initiated for ovarian stimulation. During the cycle, a positive pregnancy test was encountered. Despite the positive test, the cycle continued, and on day 13 of the cycle, triggering was performed with a GnRH agonist. A puncture was performed 36 h later, yielding 12 oocytes and 8 embryos.

CONCLUSION: This case highlights the feasibility of adapting random-start ovarian stimulation protocols during pregnancy, warranting further investigation in similar clinical scenarios.},
}

Humans
Female
*Ovulation Induction/methods
Pregnancy
*Fertility Preservation/methods
Adult
*Breast Neoplasms/therapy/complications/drug therapy
Letrozole
*Pregnancy Complications, Neoplastic

@article {pmid39985623,
year = {2025},
author = {Randall Armel, S and Malcolmson, J and Volenik, A and Maganti, M and Watkins, N and Charames, GS and McCuaig, J},
title = {Genetic counseling referral rates and genetic testing outcomes in women with young breast cancer: a 20-year Canadian review.},
journal = {Breast cancer research and treatment},
volume = {211},
number = {2},
pages = {321-330},
pmid = {39985623},
issn = {1573-7217},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; *Breast Neoplasms/genetics/epidemiology/diagnosis/pathology ; *Referral and Consultation/statistics & numerical data ; *Genetic Counseling/statistics & numerical data ; *Genetic Testing/statistics & numerical data ; Adult ; Canada/epidemiology ; Retrospective Studies ; Young Adult ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; },
abstract = {PURPOSE: Despite guidelines recommending genetic testing for all cases of very young breast cancer (VYBC), poor uptake has been reported. This study aimed to examine genetic testing referral rates and outcomes over a 20-year period within the Canadian context.

METHODS: A retrospective chart review of all incident VYBC cases (at or below 35 years of age) between January 1, 2000 and December 31, 2019 was conducted. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize demographic factors and logistic regression analyses were performed to identify the predictors associated with referral for genetic counseling and positive genetic test results.

RESULTS: 628 women were identified with VYBC. Most women presented with stage 2 (42%), hormone receptor-positive (HR +) and HER2-negative (54%) invasive ductal carcinoma (94%). Over the study period, referral rates increased from 44 to 84%. Of women initially tested for BRCA1/BRCA2, only 21% were referred for updated panel testing. Among those tested, 19% had a pathogenic variant, 21% of whom reported no family history of cancer. Predictors of referral included stage 0-2 disease while predictors of positive test results included a second breast cancer diagnosis and positive family history.

CONCLUSION: Despite guidelines based on age alone, barriers to referral persist. Results of this study suggest the need for new models of care that ensure equitable access to genetic testing for all women diagnosed with VYBC regardless of family history, ethnicity, or disease stage. As genetic testing criteria evolve, protocols must address these barriers to prevent missed opportunities for testing.},
}

Humans
Female
*Breast Neoplasms/genetics/epidemiology/diagnosis/pathology
*Referral and Consultation/statistics & numerical data
*Genetic Counseling/statistics & numerical data
*Genetic Testing/statistics & numerical data
Adult
Canada/epidemiology
Retrospective Studies
Young Adult
Genetic Predisposition to Disease

@article {pmid39974553,
year = {2025},
author = {Maeda, Y and Ikeda, T and Sato, A and Matsumoto, A and Jinno, H},
title = {Breast Cancer with a Newly Diagnosed Variant in the PTEN Gene: A Case Report.},
journal = {Surgical case reports},
volume = {11},
number = {1},
pages = {},
pmid = {39974553},
issn = {2198-7793},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: The phosphatase and tensin homolog hamartoma tumor syndrome (PHTS) refers to a spectrum of disorders caused by variants of the phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) gene, including Cowden syndrome (CS), Bannayan-Riley-Ruvalcaba syndrome, adult Lhermitte-Duclos disease, and autism spectrum disorders associated with macrocephaly. PHTS is characterized by hamartomas in multiple organs and is associated with an increased risk of developing malignant tumors including, breast, thyroid, endometrial, colorectal, and kidney tumors. Breast cancer is the most common malignancy associated with PHTS.

CASE PRESENTATION: We describe the case of a 44-year-old female patient with invasive ductal carcinoma of the right breast. Cobblestone papillomatosis was present in the gingiva. She had a medical history of bilateral adenomatous goiters for 10 years. Her mother had been diagnosed with breast cancer, thyroid and tongue tumors, gastric polyps, hepatic hemangioma, and collagen disease. Additionally, the patient's maternal grandmother had a history of colon cancer. Based on the patient's family history and physical findings, CS was suspected, and direct DNA sequencing analysis revealed a haplotype c.634del mutation in exon 7 of the PTEN gene. Although there is no clear evidence supporting risk-reducing surgery for PHTS, a right nipple-sparing mastectomy, sentinel lymph node biopsy, and tissue expander reconstruction were performed.

CONCLUSIONS: We report a case of breast cancer with a newly diagnosed c.634del mutation in the PTEN gene. We also reviewed the current literature on PTEN genetic variants and breast cancer subtypes.},
}

@article {pmid39962573,
year = {2025},
author = {Deng, J and Wei, L and Chen, Y and Li, X and Zhang, H and Wei, X and Feng, X and Qiu, X and Liang, B and Zhang, J},
title = {Identification of benzo(a)pyrene-related toxicological targets and their role in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease pathogenesis: a comprehensive bioinformatics and machine learning approach.},
journal = {BMC pharmacology & toxicology},
volume = {26},
number = {1},
pages = {33},
pmid = {39962573},
issn = {2050-6511},
mesh = {*Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/genetics/chemically induced ; Humans ; *Benzo(a)pyrene/toxicity ; *Machine Learning ; Computational Biology ; Molecular Docking Simulation ; Protein Interaction Maps ; Nomograms ; Oxidative Stress/drug effects ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) pathogenesis is influenced by environmental factors, including Benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) exposure. This study aims to identify BaP-related toxicological targets and elucidate their roles in COPD development.

METHODS: A comprehensive bioinformatics approach was employed, including the retrieval of BaP-related targets from the Comparative Toxicogenomics Database (CTD) and Super-PRED database, identification of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from the GSE76925 dataset, and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis. Functional enrichment and immune infiltration analyses were conducted using GO, KEGG, and ssGSEA algorithms. Feature genes related to BaP exposure were identified using SVM-RFE, Lasso, and RF machine learning methods. A nomogram was constructed and validated for COPD risk prediction. Molecular docking was performed to evaluate the binding affinity of BaP with proteins encoded by the feature genes.

RESULTS: We identified 72 differentially expressed BaP-related toxicological targets in COPD. Functional enrichment analysis highlighted pathways related to oxidative stress and inflammation. Immune infiltration analysis revealed significant increases in B cells, DC, iDC, macrophages, T cells, T helper cells, Tcm, and TFH in COPD patients compared to controls. Correlation analysis showed strong links between oxidative stress, inflammation pathway scores, and the infiltration of immune cells, including aDC, macrophages, T cells, Th1 cells, and Th2 cells. Seven feature genes (ACE, APOE, CDK1, CTNNB1, GATA6, IRF1, SLC1A3) were identified across machine learning methods. A nomogram based on these genes showed high diagnostic accuracy and clinical utility. Molecular docking revealed the highest binding affinity of BaP with CDK1, suggestive of its pivotal role in BaP-induced COPD pathogenesis.

CONCLUSIONS: The study elucidates the molecular mechanisms of BaP-induced COPD, specifically highlighting the role of oxidative stress and inflammation pathways in promoting immune cell infiltration. The identified feature genes may serve as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Additionally, the constructed nomogram demonstrates high accuracy in predicting COPD risk, providing a valuable tool for clinical application in BaP-exposed individuals.},
}

*Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/genetics/chemically induced
Humans
*Benzo(a)pyrene/toxicity
*Machine Learning
Computational Biology
Molecular Docking Simulation
Protein Interaction Maps
Nomograms
Oxidative Stress/drug effects

@article {pmid39962362,
year = {2025},
author = {Simoes, E and Uchida, R and Nucci, MP and Duran, FLS and Lima, JDCC and Gama, LR and Costa, NA and Otaduy, MCG and Bin, FC and Otoch, JP and Alcantara, P and Ramos, A and Laviano, A and Diaz, MB and Esiri, MM and DeLuca, GC and Herzig, S and Filho, GB and Seelaender, M},
title = {Cachexia Alters Central Nervous System Morphology and Functionality in Cancer Patients.},
journal = {Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle},
volume = {16},
number = {1},
pages = {e13742},
pmid = {39962362},
issn = {2190-6009},
mesh = {Humans ; *Cachexia/etiology/pathology/physiopathology ; Male ; Female ; Middle Aged ; *Neoplasms/complications/pathology/physiopathology ; Aged ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; *Central Nervous System/pathology/physiopathology ; Aged, 80 and over ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Cachexia is a clinically challenging multifactorial and multi-organ syndrome, associated with poor outcome in cancer patients, and characterised by inflammation, wasting and loss of appetite. The syndrome leads to central nervous system (CNS) function dysregulation and to neuroinflammation; nevertheless, the mechanisms involved in human cachexia remain unclear.

METHODS: We used in vivo structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging (Cohort 1), as well as postmortem neuropathological analyses (Cohort 2) in cachectic cancer (CC) patients compared to weight stable cancer (WSC) patients. Cohort 1 included treatment-naïve adults diagnosed with colorectal cancer, further divided into WSC (n = 12; 6/6 [male/female], 61.3 ± 3.89 years) and CC (n = 10; 6/4, 63.0 ± 2.74 years). Cohort 2 was composed by human postmortem cases where gastrointestinal carcinoma was the underlying cause of death (WSC n = 6; 3/3, 82.7 ± 3.33 years and CC n = 10; 5/5, 84.2 ± 2.28 years).

RESULTS: Here we demonstrate that the CNS of CC patients presents regional structural differences within the grey matter (GM). Cachectic patients presented an augmented area within the region of the orbitofrontal cortex, olfactory tract and the gyrus rectus (coordinates X, Y, Z = 6, 20,-24; 311 voxels; pFWE = 0.023); increased caudate and putamen volume (-10, 20, -8; 110 voxel; pFWE = 0.005); and reduced GM in superior temporal gyrus and rolandic operculum (56,0,2; 156 voxels; pFWE = 0.010). Disrupted functional connectivity was found in several regions such as the salience network, subcortical and temporal cortical areas of cachectic patients (20 decreased and 5 increased regions connectivity pattern, pFDR < 0.05). Postmortem neuropathological analyses identified abnormal neuronal morphology and density, increased microglia/macrophage burden, astrocyte profile disruption and mTOR pathway related neuroinflammation (p < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that cachexia compromises CNS morphology mostly causing changes in the GM of cachectic patients, leading to alterations in regional volume patterns, functional connectivity, neuronal morphology, neuroglia profile and inducing neuroinflammation, all of which may contribute to the loss of homeostasis control and to deficient information processing, as well as to the metabolic and behavioural derangements commonly observed in human cachexia. This first human mapping of CNS cachexia responses will now pave the way to mechanistically interrogate these pathways in terms of their therapeutic potential.},
}

Humans
*Cachexia/etiology/pathology/physiopathology
Male
Female
Middle Aged
*Neoplasms/complications/pathology/physiopathology
Aged
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
*Central Nervous System/pathology/physiopathology
Aged, 80 and over

@article {pmid39948972,
year = {2024},
author = {Takeda, S and Terakawa, H and Kawata, C and Kurokawa, Y and Machi, R and Tanaka, H and Nishimura, Y and Mohri, R and Hirata, M and Kitahara, T and Moriyama, H and Kinoshita, J and Kawashima, H and Inaki, N},
title = {[A Case in Which Multiple Biopsies from Breast Cancer Skin Metastases Were Performed and Trastuzumab Deruxtecan Was Used after Low HER2 Expression Was Confirmed].},
journal = {Gan to kagaku ryoho. Cancer & chemotherapy},
volume = {51},
number = {13},
pages = {1702-1703},
pmid = {39948972},
issn = {0385-0684},
mesh = {Humans ; Middle Aged ; Female ; *Receptor, ErbB-2/analysis/metabolism ; *Trastuzumab/therapeutic use ; *Skin Neoplasms/secondary/drug therapy ; *Breast Neoplasms/pathology/drug therapy ; Biopsy ; *Camptothecin/analogs & derivatives/therapeutic use ; *Immunoconjugates/therapeutic use ; },
abstract = {In March 2023, Trastuzumab deruxtecan(T-DXd)was added for the treatment of inoperable or recurrent breast cancer with low HER2 expression who has a history of chemotherapy. The patient was a 61-year-old woman who had undergone surgery for bilateral breast cancer, and was diagnosed with Stage ⅡA triple negative(HER2-IHC score 0)on the right and non-invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast on the left. Biopsy from metastases was triple-negative(HER2-IHC score 0, PD-L1 negative). Exacerbation of skin metastases was observed despite repeated regimen changes 3rd skin biopsy was diagnosed with low expression of HER2 for the first time, and T-DXd was started. The therapeutic effect of T-DXd was temporarily observed, such as a decrease in tumor markers. It is useful to repeatedly collect tissues from primary and metastatic lesions and re-evaluate biomarkers in order to develop an appropriate treatment plan.},
}

Humans
Middle Aged
Female
*Receptor, ErbB-2/analysis/metabolism
*Trastuzumab/therapeutic use
*Skin Neoplasms/secondary/drug therapy
*Breast Neoplasms/pathology/drug therapy
Biopsy
*Camptothecin/analogs & derivatives/therapeutic use
*Immunoconjugates/therapeutic use

@article {pmid39948901,
year = {2024},
author = {Nakakuma, T and Yamasaki, K and Ueno, S and Tabei, T},
title = {[A Case of Resection for a Late-Stage Solitary Hepatic Metastasis from Very Early Breast Cancer].},
journal = {Gan to kagaku ryoho. Cancer & chemotherapy},
volume = {51},
number = {13},
pages = {1492-1494},
pmid = {39948901},
issn = {0385-0684},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; Middle Aged ; *Liver Neoplasms/secondary/surgery/drug therapy ; *Breast Neoplasms/pathology/surgery ; Hepatectomy ; Neoplasm Staging ; *Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/surgery/secondary ; },
abstract = {A 57-year-old woman underwent left breast conserving surgery(Bp+Ax)for breast cancer at 46 years of age. Histopathological findings were invasive ductal carcinoma(tubule forming type), pN0(0/17), Ly0, V0, NG1, HG1, pT1aN0M0, Stage Ⅰ, ER 100%, HER2 score 0. Postoperatively, only radiotherapy to the preserved breast was performed and no adjuvant drug therapy was administered. This time, a 45 mm liver tumor in segment 4/3 was found by abdominal ultrasound for health checkup. Enhanced ultrasonography showed poor contrast, CT showed a low density tumor with calcification, MRI showed no diffusion reduction, and PET showed no FDG uptake. Although the findings were not typical for suspecting malignancy, but cholangiocellular carcinoma or metastatic liver cancer could not be ruled out. Laparoscopic liver resection was performed. Histopathological findings revealed liver metastasis of breast cancer. We report a rare case, a late-stage solitary hepatic metastasis from very early breast cancer. Although the concept of breast cancer as a systemic disease is well-established, in this case there is a possibility that recurrence would not have occurred if postoperative adjuvant drug therapy had been performed. The importance of postoperative adjuvant drug therapy for breast cancer was suggested. At present, she remains disease-free after hepatectomy.},
}

Humans
Female
Middle Aged
*Liver Neoplasms/secondary/surgery/drug therapy
*Breast Neoplasms/pathology/surgery
Hepatectomy
Neoplasm Staging
*Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/surgery/secondary

@article {pmid39948851,
year = {2024},
author = {Fujimori, T and Kasagawa, T and Ishii, N and Kusashio, K and Yonemori, Y and Ozaki, D},
title = {[A Case of Bladder Metastasis from Invasive Ductal Carcinoma of the Breast-A Case Report].},
journal = {Gan to kagaku ryoho. Cancer & chemotherapy},
volume = {51},
number = {13},
pages = {1345-1347},
pmid = {39948851},
issn = {0385-0684},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; *Breast Neoplasms/pathology/surgery/therapy/drug therapy ; Aged ; *Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/secondary/drug therapy ; *Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/secondary/therapy/surgery/drug therapy/pathology ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; },
abstract = {We report a patient with left breast cancer who underwent total mastectomy and axillary dissection as primary surgery. The patient, a 78-year-old woman, noticed a tumor about 4 cm in the left breast. She was diagnosed with left breast cancer (cT2N2M0, cStage ⅢA). The pathology revealed invasive lobular carcinoma, 46×31 mm, ly(+), v(0), histological grade: 2, n2, hormone receptor positive, HER2 negative, and pStage ⅢA. We recommended adjuvant chemotherapy, but she did not desire. She started oral administration of an aromatase inhibitor and radiation therapy. When DFI was 3 years, an examination was carried out because the increase in CEA value, CT scan revealed a mass extending from the bladder. We suspected bladder cancer. She underwent a bladder biopsy. The result was bladder metastasis of breast cancer. Later, we introduced chemotherapy. Routine screening of the lower urinary tract is not necessary for all patients, but women with a history of breast cancer presenting with urinary symptoms should undergo a thorough examination of the urinary tract.},
}

Humans
Female
*Breast Neoplasms/pathology/surgery/therapy/drug therapy
Aged
*Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/secondary/drug therapy
*Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/secondary/therapy/surgery/drug therapy/pathology
Neoplasm Invasiveness

@article {pmid39945142,
year = {2025},
author = {Cremer, A and Rosewick, N and Kelsey, M and Trépo, E and Libert, F and De Vos, M and Baert, F and Moreels, T and Louis, E and Rahier, JF and Demetter, P and Sedivy, JM and Vermeire, S and Franchimont, D},
title = {A transcriptomic score to classify the inflammation-dysplasia-cancer sequence lesions in inflammatory bowel disease.},
journal = {Journal of Crohn's & colitis},
volume = {19},
number = {3},
pages = {},
pmid = {39945142},
issn = {1876-4479},
support = {//Research Foundation against Cancer-Belgium/ ; //Erasme Foundation/ ; R01 AG016694/AG/NIA NIH HHS/United States ; //Televie/ ; P01 AG051449/NH/NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; Male ; *Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/genetics/pathology/complications ; *Transcriptome ; Middle Aged ; Adult ; *Colorectal Neoplasms/genetics/pathology/etiology ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Inflammation/genetics/pathology ; *Colitis-Associated Neoplasms/genetics/pathology ; Intestinal Mucosa/pathology ; RNA, Long Noncoding/genetics ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is associated with a higher risk of developing colorectal cancer, according to the inflammation-dysplasia-cancer (IDC) sequence from inflammation to colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CAC). The objective of this study was to identify and generate a transcriptomic signature and score, related to the IDC sequence, that could ultimately classify dysplasia and cancer in IBD.

METHODS: Demographics, clinical parameters, histological characteristics, and RNA-sequencing data were evaluated on 134 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded lesions from 2 independent cohorts of IBD patients with low- or high-grade dysplasia (LGD, HGD) and/or CAC. An ordinal logistic regression screened for significant IDC sequence-associated genes that were computed in a transcriptomic signature score.

RESULTS: Principal component analysis and unsupervised clustering on 1% of the most variable genes showed a good clustering between the 4 lesion groups (Normal Mucosa, Inflamed Mucosa, LGD/HGD, and CAC). A gene signature was identified on 27 genes that correlated with the lesion groups in the exploratory cohort. The most weighted gene in this transcriptomic signature was the long non-coding regulatory RNA KCNQ1OT1, a gatekeeper against genomic instability and transposon activation. Based on the expression of these 27 genes, we built and validated a transcriptomic signature score to classify dysplasia and CAC. The overall accuracy of the transcriptomic signature score was 85.71% in the exploratory cohort and 90.91% in the validation cohort.

CONCLUSION: We identified a tissue-based transcriptomic score to classify IDC lesions in IBD patients and uncovered some of the pivotal genes in carcinogenesis related to inflammation in IBD.},
}

Humans
Female
Male
*Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/genetics/pathology/complications
*Transcriptome
Middle Aged
Adult
*Colorectal Neoplasms/genetics/pathology/etiology
Gene Expression Profiling
Inflammation/genetics/pathology
*Colitis-Associated Neoplasms/genetics/pathology
Intestinal Mucosa/pathology
RNA, Long Noncoding/genetics

@article {pmid39937427,
year = {2025},
author = {Kato, M and Sato, H and Naito, Y and Yamamoto, A and Kawanishi, H and Nakano, Y and Nishikimi, T and Kobayashi, M and Kondo, A and Hirabayashi, H and Katsuno, S and Sakamoto, F and Kimura, T and Yamamoto, S and Araki, H and Tochigi, K and Ito, F and Hatsuse, H and Sassa, N and Hirakawa, A and Akamatsu, S and Tsuzuki, T},
title = {Prospective observational study on the relationships between genetic alterations and survival in Japanese patients with metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer: the impact of IDC-P.},
journal = {International journal of clinical oncology},
volume = {30},
number = {4},
pages = {789-796},
pmid = {39937427},
issn = {1437-7772},
mesh = {Humans ; Male ; Aged ; Prospective Studies ; Japan/epidemiology ; Middle Aged ; Mutation ; Aged, 80 and over ; *Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant/genetics/pathology/mortality ; Prognosis ; *Prostatic Neoplasms/genetics/mortality/pathology ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/genetics ; East Asian People ; BRCA2 Protein ; Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 3-alpha ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Intraductal Carcinoma of the Prostate (IDC-P) is a significant prognostic indicator for prostate cancer, which demonstrates significant associations with homologous recombination repair gene mutations (HRRm) and alterations in tumor suppressor genes. However, no study in Japan has investigated the association between IDC-P and genetic mutations in men with metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer (mCSPC).

METHODS: This prospective observational study enrolled 102 de novo mCSPC (LATITUDE high-risk) patients diagnosed between 2018 and 2021, with subsequent monitoring of survival outcomes. A single genitourinary pathologist evaluated all needle biopsy slides. Genetic analyses were performed using the Myriad myChoice HRD plus™. These genetic analyses covered 108 genetic loci, including 15 HRRm genes, with a success rate of 91%.

RESULTS: Genetic alterations were observed in 79 patients (77.5%), with 20 exhibiting HRRm (19.6%). Common genetic alterations included FOXA1 (29.4%) and TP53 (17.6%) mutations; BRCA (9.8%) mutations were the most frequent HRRm (BRCA1:2 cases, BRCA2:8 cases, including 6 biallelic). IDC-P-positive patients demonstrated a significantly higher frequency of genetic aberrations (82.6% vs. 50%, p = 0.0082). Patients with biallelic BRCA2, TP53, and PTEN mutations exhibited significantly poorer cancer-specific survival. Multivariate analysis identified lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (HR 1.005, p = 0.035), TP53 mutations (HR 5.196, p < 0.001), biallelic BRCA2 mutations (HR 10.686, p = 0.005), and IDC-P as independent predictors of poor cancer-specific survival. No cancer-related deaths occurred in IDC-P-negative cases.

CONCLUSION: Our study emphasizes the significant association between IDC-P and an elevated incidence of genetic alterations in Japanese mCSPC patients, emphasizing the need for early genetic testing to guide therapeutic decision-making.},
}

Humans
Male
Aged
Prospective Studies
Japan/epidemiology
Middle Aged
Mutation
Aged, 80 and over
*Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant/genetics/pathology/mortality
Prognosis
*Prostatic Neoplasms/genetics/mortality/pathology
Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/genetics
East Asian People
BRCA2 Protein
Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 3-alpha

@article {pmid39936988,
year = {2025},
author = {González-Martínez, S and Palacios, J and Carretero-Barrio, I and Lanza, VF and García-Cosío Piqueras, M and Caniego-Casas, T and Hardisson, D and Esteban-Rodríguez, I and Cortés, J and Pérez-Mies, B},
title = {Single-Cell RNA Sequencing on Formalin-Fixed and Paraffin-Embedded (FFPE) Tissue Identified Multi-Ciliary Cells in Breast Cancer.},
journal = {Cells},
volume = {14},
number = {3},
pages = {},
pmid = {39936988},
issn = {2073-4409},
support = {PI22/01892, PMP22/00054, PMP21/00107//Instituto de Salud Carlos III/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *Breast Neoplasms/genetics/pathology ; *Paraffin Embedding/methods ; Female ; *Single-Cell Analysis/methods ; *Formaldehyde/chemistry ; *Tissue Fixation/methods ; *Sequence Analysis, RNA/methods ; Immunohistochemistry ; },
abstract = {The purpose of this study was to evaluate the suitability of formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded (FFPE) samples and fixed fresh (FF) samples for single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq). To this end, we compared single-cell profiles from FFPE and matched FF tissue samples of one invasive carcinoma of no special type carcinoma (invasive ductal carcinoma-IDC) and one invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) to assess consistency in cell type distribution and molecular profiles. The results were validated using immunohistochemistry (IHC), fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and electron microscopy. Additionally, immune cell proportions identified by IHC were quantified using QuPath and compared to the scRNAseq results. FFPE- and FF-derived libraries demonstrated high-quality sequencing metrics, and cellular heterogeneity was similar. No exclusive cell populations were identified by either approach. The four samples analysis identified six types of epithelial cells, as well as tumoral microenvironment populations. The scRNAseq results from epithelial neoplastic cells were concordant with common IHC markers. The proportion of immune cells identified by IHC in FFPE sections were similar to those obtained by scRNAseq. We identified and validated a previously poorly recognized subpopulation of neoplastic multi-ciliated cells (MCCs) (FOXJ1, ROPN1L). Analysis of FOXJ1 in 214 ER-positive invasive carcinomas demonstrated protein expression in one third of tumors, suggesting frequent focal MCC differentiation. Our results support the suitability of scRNAseq analysis using FFPE tissue, and identified a subpopulation of neoplastic MCC in breast cancer.},
}

Humans
*Breast Neoplasms/genetics/pathology
*Paraffin Embedding/methods
Female
*Single-Cell Analysis/methods
*Formaldehyde/chemistry
*Tissue Fixation/methods
*Sequence Analysis, RNA/methods
Immunohistochemistry

@article {pmid39925473,
year = {2025},
author = {Maxey, J and Harvey, D},
title = {Neisseria weaveri: Atypical Infection in Breast Implant-Based Reconstruction.},
journal = {Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open},
volume = {13},
number = {2},
pages = {e6505},
pmid = {39925473},
issn = {2169-7574},
abstract = {Surgical site infection (SSI) following breast implant surgery can have devastating complications. Infection is most commonly from coagulase-negative Staphylococcus bacteria. Neisseria weaveri is a gram-negative bacterium that is associated with animal bites. We present the first known case of N. weaveri causing SSI following breast implant reconstruction. We report the case of a 61-year-old woman with invasive ductal carcinoma who underwent bilateral skin-sparing mastectomy with immediate implant-based reconstruction. She presented on postoperative day 24 with malodorous drainage from her Jackson-Pratt drain. The patient explained that she has a shih tzu at home that frequently licked her. Cultures from the drain grew N. weaveri. The patient's antibiotic regimen was transitioned, and she completed her course without complications. Practitioners should counsel their patients on adequate postsurgery hygiene and take into consideration rare causes of SSI and how this may affect patient care.},
}

@article {pmid39912231,
year = {2025},
author = {Palanjian, R and Welk, B and Myers, JB and Lenherr, SM and Elliott, SP and O'Dell, D and Stoffel, JT},
title = {Impact of Bladder Management Strategies on Autonomic Dysreflexia Severity in People With Spinal Cord Injuries.},
journal = {Neurourology and urodynamics},
volume = {44},
number = {4},
pages = {754-759},
pmid = {39912231},
issn = {1520-6777},
support = {//Patient Centered Outcomes Research Institute Award-CER14092138./ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *Spinal Cord Injuries/complications/physiopathology ; *Autonomic Dysreflexia/etiology/physiopathology/diagnosis/therapy ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Male ; *Urinary Bladder, Neurogenic/etiology/therapy/physiopathology/diagnosis ; Adult ; Prospective Studies ; Severity of Illness Index ; *Urinary Bladder/physiopathology/innervation ; Quality of Life ; Registries ; Aged ; Neurogenic Bowel/etiology/physiopathology ; Intermittent Urethral Catheterization ; Urinary Catheterization ; },
abstract = {PURPOSE: We investigated whether severity of autonomic dysreflexia (AD) was associated with more patient-reported bladder and bowel symptoms and compared AD severity by bladder management strategy in people with spinal cord injury (SCI).

METHODS: The Neurogenic Bladder Research Group SCI Registry is a prospective study which evaluated quality of life after SCI. Bladder and bowel symptoms were assessed through Neurogenic Bladder Symptom Score and Neurogenic Bowel Dysfunction score, respectively. AD severity was assessed with the Autonomic Dysreflexia Following Spinal Cord Injury (ADFSCI) instrument. Bladder management was classified as volitional voiding, clean intermittent catheterization (CIC), indwelling catheter (IDC), and surgery (augmentation and diversion).

RESULTS: AD scores were identified for 1473 people. The mean age was 45. Bladder management was CIC in 754 (51%), IDC in 271 (18%), surgery in 195 (13%) and voiding in 259 (18%). On univariate analysis, higher ADFSCI scores occurred with complete injuries (3.1 vs 3.4, p = 0.03), cervical/thoracic injuries (3.8 vs 1.5, p < 0.0001), and chronic pain (3.9 vs 2.9, p = 0.0004). IDC (5.2) and surgery (4.5) had higher ADFSCI scores than CIC (3.0) and volitional voiding (2.8) (p < 0.0001). Sub-analysis showed bladder augmentation had significantly higher ADSCI scores than diversion (4.7 vs 3.7, p = 0.03). On multivariate analysis, level of injury, bladder management, and bowel and bladder symptoms remained associated with worse AD.

CONCLUSION: Level of injury, age, worse bowel and bladder symptoms and bladder management type were associated with higher AD scores. Bladder management with surgery, particularly bladder augment, and IDC had associated greater AD symptoms compared to CIC or voiding.

TRIAL REGISTRATION: clinicaltrials.gov NTC06216081 and HSRP20153564, U.S. National Library of Medicine, wwwcf.nlm.nih.gov.},
}

Humans
*Spinal Cord Injuries/complications/physiopathology
*Autonomic Dysreflexia/etiology/physiopathology/diagnosis/therapy
Female
Middle Aged
Male
*Urinary Bladder, Neurogenic/etiology/therapy/physiopathology/diagnosis
Adult
Prospective Studies
Severity of Illness Index
*Urinary Bladder/physiopathology/innervation
Quality of Life
Registries
Aged
Neurogenic Bowel/etiology/physiopathology
Intermittent Urethral Catheterization
Urinary Catheterization

@article {pmid39906646,
year = {2025},
author = {Shi, J and Qi, X and Ran, Y and Zhou, Q and Ding, Y and Li, L and Zeng, Y and Qiu, D and Cai, Z and Cai, X and Pan, Y},
title = {Saliva-acquired pellicle inspired multifunctional gargle with wet adhesion, photodynamic antimicrobial, and In situ remineralization properties for dental caries prevention.},
journal = {Bioactive materials},
volume = {47},
number = {},
pages = {212-228},
pmid = {39906646},
issn = {2452-199X},
abstract = {Dental caries is primarily caused by cariogenic bacteria metabolizing carbohydrates to produce acidic substances that erode the dental hard tissues. Traditional remineralization treatments often have limited efficacy due to their lack of antibacterial activity. According to the Interrupting Dental Caries (IDC) theory, ideal caries-preventive materials should possess both antibacterial and remineralizing properties. Furthermore, effective adhesion to dental surfaces is crucial. Inspired by the wet adhesion properties of the salivary acquired pellicle, we developed a multifunctional gargle named Ce6@PDN-SAP (CP-SAP). This formulation employed peptide dendrimer nanogels (PDN) as a carrier for the photosensitizer Ce6, further functionalized with saliva-acquired peptide (SAP) to confer wet adhesion properties. CP-SAP rapidly adhered to the dental surface and remained effective for extended periods. Upon laser irradiation, Ce6 generated reactive oxygen species (ROS), disrupting bacterial outer membrane integrity, causing protein leakage, and reducing ATP levels, thereby achieving potent antibacterial effects. Following this, PDN and SAP acted as nucleation templates to promote in situ remineralization of demineralized dental hard tissues. In vivo studies using rat models demonstrated that CP-SAP provided significantly superior caries-preventive effects compared to chlorhexidine gargle. In conclusion, CP-SAP, as an innovative approach grounded in the IDC theory, holds great promise for the prevention and treatment of dental caries.},
}

@article {pmid39879501,
year = {2025},
author = {Uppal, R and Saeed, U and Khattak, ME and Khan, AA and Uppal, MR and Piracha, ZZ and Khan, MN and Shaikh, D and Tariq, U and Mahmood, AR and Ali, SS and Muhammad, B and Tariq, MN and Gilani, SS and Ozsahin, DU and Uzun, B and Ozsahin, I},
title = {Epidemiological analysis of Leishmaniasis prevalence in Pakistan during 2016-2023.},
journal = {Brazilian journal of biology = Revista brasleira de biologia},
volume = {84},
number = {},
pages = {e284742},
doi = {10.1590/1519-6984.284742},
pmid = {39879501},
issn = {1678-4375},
mesh = {Pakistan/epidemiology ; Humans ; Prevalence ; Male ; Child ; Female ; Adult ; Retrospective Studies ; Adolescent ; Child, Preschool ; Young Adult ; Middle Aged ; *Leishmaniasis/epidemiology/transmission ; Infant ; Aged ; },
abstract = {Leishmaniasis, caused by the Leishmania parasite, remains a persistent public health challenge in Pakistan. Despite control efforts, the disease prevalence continues to rise, particularly among pediatric populations. Understanding prevalence patterns and transmission dynamics is critical for effective control strategies. This study aims to analyze leishmaniasis prevalence data from January 2016 to July 2023 in Pakistan. Specific objectives include assessing temporal trends, demographic patterns, and geographical hotspots of transmission, while emphasizing the need for enhanced surveillance and research for targeted interventions. Retrospective analysis was conducted on leishmaniasis prevalence data collected from multiple healthcare facilities across Pakistan. Data included results from diagnostic tests on suspected cases, encompassing both pediatric and adult patients. Descriptive statistical analysis was employed to evaluate prevalence rates, demographic characteristics, and geographical distribution of positive cases. Analysis revealed an increasing trend in leishmaniasis prevalence over the study period. Initially, from 2016 to 2020, a positivity rate of 27% was observed exclusively among pediatric patients in Islamabad, with no adult cases. Subsequently, from 2017 to 2022, the positivity rate increased to 42%, affecting both pediatric and adult populations in Islamabad, Rawalpindi, and Swat. Notably, between July 2022 and July 2023, the positivity rate surged to 56%, primarily impacting adult males in the identified hotspots. The study provides evidence of rising leishmaniasis prevalence in Pakistan, particularly among pediatric patients. Identified hotspots suggest localized transmission, warranting targeted interventions. Enhanced surveillance and research efforts are crucial for understanding disease dynamics and implementing effective control measures. Priority should be given to vulnerable populations and high-burden regions to mitigate leishmaniasis impact in Pakistan.},
}

Pakistan/epidemiology
Humans
Prevalence
Male
Child
Female
Adult
Retrospective Studies
Adolescent
Child, Preschool
Young Adult
Middle Aged
*Leishmaniasis/epidemiology/transmission
Infant
Aged

@article {pmid39879500,
year = {2025},
author = {Piracha, ZZ and Saeed, U and Uppal, R and Uppal, MR and Khan, AA and Abdullah, M and Mari, K and Basra, A and Gilani, SS and Tariq, MN and Ozsahin, DU and Uzun, B and Ozsahin, I},
title = {Prevalence and clinical profile of hepatitis C virus infections in multitransfused thalassemic patients in the capital twin cities of Pakistan.},
journal = {Brazilian journal of biology = Revista brasleira de biologia},
volume = {84},
number = {},
pages = {e284453},
doi = {10.1590/1519-6984.284453},
pmid = {39879500},
issn = {1678-4375},
mesh = {Humans ; Pakistan/epidemiology ; Male ; Female ; Prevalence ; Adult ; *Hepatitis C/epidemiology ; Young Adult ; Adolescent ; *beta-Thalassemia/therapy/complications/epidemiology ; Middle Aged ; Child ; Alanine Transaminase/blood ; Transfusion Reaction ; },
abstract = {Hepatitis C virus (HCV) presents a significant global health concern, affecting 3.3% of the world's population. The primary mode of HCV transmission is through blood and blood products. Patients with beta thalassemia, who rely on lifelong blood transfusions, are particularly vulnerable to HCV infections. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of hepatitis C virus infections among multitransfused thalassemic patients in the twin cities of Pakistan's capital. The clinical research, involving the enrollment of 262 multitransfused beta thalassemic patients residing in the capital twin cities of Pakistan. The investigation encompassed the evaluation of hepatitis C virus presence, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels, serum creatinine, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, and the occurrence of splenectomy. The overall prevalence of Hepatitis C virus infections was notably high at 55.73%. This was particularly pronounced among patients aged 20 years and older, with a 100% infection rate. In HCV-positive thalassemic patients, the average ALT level was observed to be 98 U/L, while average creatinine values stood at 0.39 mg/dL. Additionally, hepatomegaly was prevalent in 82.20% of HCV-positive thalassemic patients, featuring an average liver size increase of 4.33 cm. Splenomegaly was evident in 67.12% of HCV-positive thalassemic patients, with an average spleen size augmentation of 4.46 cm. Splenectomy was identified in 15.75% of cases. The incidence of HCV infections in the thalassemic population of Pakistan is alarmingly high. Furthermore, the risk of contracting HCV infections escalates with the advancing age of thalassemic patients. Elevated ALT levels and hepatomegaly were pervasive among the majority of HCV-positive thalassemic patients. Consequently, there is a compelling need for rigorous screening of blood products prior to transfusion to mitigate the future burden of HCV in Pakistan.},
}

Humans
Pakistan/epidemiology
Male
Female
Prevalence
Adult
*Hepatitis C/epidemiology
Young Adult
Adolescent
*beta-Thalassemia/therapy/complications/epidemiology
Middle Aged
Child
Alanine Transaminase/blood
Transfusion Reaction

@article {pmid39864363,
year = {2025},
author = {Metzger Filho, O and Cardoso, F and Poncet, C and Desmedt, C and Linn, S and Wesseling, J and Hilbers, F and Delaloge, S and Pierga, JY and Brain, E and Vrijaldenhoven, S and Neijenhuis, PA and Rutgers, EJT and Piccart, M and van 't Veer, LJ and Viale, G},
title = {Survival outcomes for patients with invasive lobular cancer by MammaPrint: Results from the MINDACT phase III trial.},
journal = {European journal of cancer (Oxford, England : 1990)},
volume = {217},
number = {},
pages = {115222},
doi = {10.1016/j.ejca.2025.115222},
pmid = {39864363},
issn = {1879-0852},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; *Breast Neoplasms/genetics/mortality/pathology/therapy ; *Carcinoma, Lobular/genetics/mortality/pathology/therapy ; Middle Aged ; Disease-Free Survival ; Aged ; Adult ; Gene Expression Profiling/methods ; Prognosis ; *Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; Transcriptome ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Evaluation of the prognostic performance and clinical utility of the MammaPrint 70-gene signature in early-stage invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) for whom such analyses in a randomized trial is awaited.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: Exploratory subgroup analysis of MINDACT trial patients with centrally assessed histology (n = 5929) with invasive breast cancer of no-special-type (NST), or pure ILC. In the trial patients were categorized based on the 70-gene signature for genomic risk and modified Adjuvant!Online for clinical risk. Survival outcomes at 8.7 years median follow-up by 70-gene signature were compared between NST and ILC for Distant Metastasis-Free Survival (DMFS), Disease-Free Survival (DFS) and Overall Survival (OS).

RESULTS: 5313 patients were ILC (n = 487) or NST (n = 4826). ILC was further classified into classic ILC (n = 255) or ILC variants (n = 232). The 70-gene signature classified 16.2 % of ILC and 39.1 % of NST as genomic high-risk (gH). Survival outcomes for ILC vs. NST revealed similar estimates according to genomic risk overall and across subsets. The 70-gene signature classified 10.2 % of classic ILC and 22.8 % of ILC variants as gH. 5-yr DFS estimates for ILC variants 88.4 % (95 %CI: 83.1-92.1) was inferior to classic ILC 93.0 % (95 %CI: 88.7-95.7).

CONCLUSIONS: Sixteen percent of ILC were classified high genomic risk by the 70-gene signature, with unfavorable survival outcomes. Survival estimates were similar for patients with ILC and NST classified as either low- or high-genomic risk, suggesting that the 70-gene signature also has prognostic value in ILC and may be a clinically useful tool for adjuvant treatment decision-making in ILC.},
}

Humans
Female
*Breast Neoplasms/genetics/mortality/pathology/therapy
*Carcinoma, Lobular/genetics/mortality/pathology/therapy
Middle Aged
Disease-Free Survival
Aged
Adult
Gene Expression Profiling/methods
Prognosis
*Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
Neoplasm Invasiveness
Transcriptome

@article {pmid39863086,
year = {2025},
author = {Taylor, H and Spruill, L and Jensen-Smith, H and Rujchanarong, D and Hulahan, T and Ivey, A and Siougiannis, A and Bethard, JR and Ball, LE and Sandusky, GE and Hollingsworth, MA and Barth, JL and Mehta, AS and Drake, RR and Marks, JR and Nakshatri, H and Ford, M and Angel, PM},
title = {Spatial localization of collagen hydroxylated proline site variation as an ancestral trait in the breast cancer microenvironment.},
journal = {Matrix biology : journal of the International Society for Matrix Biology},
volume = {136},
number = {},
pages = {71-86},
doi = {10.1016/j.matbio.2025.01.006},
pmid = {39863086},
issn = {1569-1802},
support = {P20 GM130447/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/United States ; P30 CA036727/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *Tumor Microenvironment ; Female ; Hydroxylation ; *Breast Neoplasms/metabolism/pathology/genetics ; *Proline/metabolism ; *Collagen/metabolism/genetics/chemistry ; Proteomics/methods ; Protein Processing, Post-Translational ; Extracellular Matrix/metabolism ; },
abstract = {Collagen stroma interactions within the extracellular microenvironment of breast tissue play a significant role in breast cancer, including risk, progression, and outcomes. Hydroxylation of proline (HYP) is a common post-translational modification directly linked to breast cancer survival and progression. Changes in HYP status lead to alterations in epithelial cell signaling, extracellular matrix remodeling, and immune cell recruitment. In the present study, we test the hypothesis that the breast cancer microenvironment presents unique PTMs of collagen, which form bioactive domains at these sites that are associated with spatial histopathological characteristics and influence breast epithelial cell signaling. Mass spectrometry imaging proteomics targeting collagens were paired with comprehensive proteomic methods to identify novel breast cancer-related collagen domains based on spatial localization and regulation in 260 breast tissue samples. As ancestry plays a significant role in breast cancer outcomes, these methods were performed on ancestry diverse breast cancer tissues. Lumpectomies from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA; n=10) reported increased levels of prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit alpha-3 (P4HA3) accompanied by spatial regulation of fibrillar collagen protein sequences. A concise set of triple negative breast cancer lumpectomies (n=10) showed spatial regulation of specific domain sites from collagen alpha-1(I) chain. Tissue microarrays identified proteomic alterations around post-translationally modified collagen sites in healthy breast (n=81) and patient matched normal adjacent (NAT; n=76) and invasive ductal carcinoma (n=83). A collagen alpha-1(I) chain domain encompassing amino acids 506-514 with site-specific proline hydroxylation reported significant alteration between patient matched normal adjacent tissue and invasive breast cancer. Functional testing of domain 506-514 on breast cancer epithelial cells showed proliferation, chemotaxis and cell signaling response dependent on site localization of proline hydroxylation within domain 506-514 variants. These findings support site localized collagen HYP forms novel bioactive domains that are spatially distributed within the breast cancer microenvironment and may play a role in ancestral traits of breast cancer.},
}

Humans
*Tumor Microenvironment
Female
Hydroxylation
*Breast Neoplasms/metabolism/pathology/genetics
*Proline/metabolism
*Collagen/metabolism/genetics/chemistry
Proteomics/methods
Protein Processing, Post-Translational
Extracellular Matrix/metabolism

@article {pmid39843553,
year = {2025},
author = {Nishida, H and Kato, A and Kaimori, R and Kawamura, K and Daa, T},
title = {Relationship between androgen receptor and androgen receptor-related protein expression in breast cancers focusing on morphologically identified carcinoma with apocrine differentiation.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {2892},
pmid = {39843553},
issn = {2045-2322},
mesh = {Humans ; *Receptors, Androgen/metabolism/genetics ; Female ; *Breast Neoplasms/pathology/metabolism ; Middle Aged ; Receptor, ErbB-2/metabolism ; Adult ; Aged ; Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism ; Receptors, Estrogen/metabolism ; Cell Differentiation ; Receptors, Progesterone/metabolism ; *Apocrine Glands/pathology/metabolism ; *Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology/metabolism ; Immunohistochemistry ; Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 3-alpha/metabolism ; },
abstract = {Breast cancer (BC) is classified based on the expression of histopathological markers, namely, estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PgR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). Carcinomas with apocrine differentiation (CAD) are classified based on morphology. Androgen receptor (AR) is highly expressed in CAD; however, no study has comprehensively examined AR-related proteins in CAD. Therefore, we examined the expression of AR-related proteins and AR, compared protein expression patterns between morphologically identified CAD and other BC subtypes, and investigated CAD characteristics. We performed immunohistochemistry for AR and various AR-related proteins in 66 invasive ductal carcinoma (32 ER+/PgR+/HER2-, 8 ER+/PgR+/HER2+, 12 ER-/PgR-/HER2+, and 14 ER-/PgR-/HER2- [triple-negative breast cancer)), 21 invasive lobular carcinoma, and 27 CAD cases. In the CAD group, all cases were AR-positive; some AR-related proteins were highly expressed. Nuclear phosphorylated-mammalian target of rapamycin was highly expressed in CAD cases compared with that in other BC groups, with a 33.3% sensitivity and 97.7% specificity. AR-expressing CAD cases exhibited high expression of other AR-related proteins. Specifically, the combination of AR+, GCDFP15+, and ER - or AR+, FOXA1+, and ER - may be useful for the diagnosis and treatment of AR-positive BC and CAD. These results may assist in androgen-related molecular targeted therapy research.},
}

Humans
*Receptors, Androgen/metabolism/genetics
Female
*Breast Neoplasms/pathology/metabolism
Middle Aged
Receptor, ErbB-2/metabolism
Adult
Aged
Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
Receptors, Estrogen/metabolism
Cell Differentiation
Receptors, Progesterone/metabolism
*Apocrine Glands/pathology/metabolism
*Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology/metabolism
Immunohistochemistry
Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 3-alpha/metabolism

@article {pmid39829405,
year = {2025},
author = {Mansour, A and Ben-David, BM and Sasson, A and Farraj, J and Mansour, A and Roth, Y and Icht, M},
title = {Association between oral feeding versus enteral feeding and cerumen impaction in older hospitalized adults: A retrospective cohort study.},
journal = {JPEN. Journal of parenteral and enteral nutrition},
volume = {49},
number = {3},
pages = {341-348},
doi = {10.1002/jpen.2724},
pmid = {39829405},
issn = {1941-2444},
mesh = {Humans ; Retrospective Studies ; Aged ; Male ; Female ; *Enteral Nutrition/adverse effects ; *Hospitalization ; Aged, 80 and over ; *Cerumen ; Length of Stay ; Deglutition Disorders ; Risk Factors ; *Diet ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Chewing involves jaw movements that propel cerumen along the ear canal. This mechanism may be reduced in dysphagia, especially for older individuals who are enterally fed. Those patients may be at a higher risk for cerumen impaction and may require longer hospital stays. Examining the relationship between diet type, cerumen impaction, and hospital stay duration was the focus of the present study.

METHODS: We performed a retrospective cohort study (not registered) among 114 hospitalized older adults. Data were collected on diet type: (1) oral feeding (individuals fed a solid diet or a pureed diet) or (2) enteral feeding (individuals fed via a feeding tube). The results of an otoscopy that quantified cerumen were recorded, as well as hospital stay duration.

RESULTS: In a mediation analysis, a hospital stay of >1 month was associated with an increased risk of enteral feeding, which in turn, increased the risk of cerumen impaction. Analysis indicated that the link between longer hospitalization and a more severe level of cerumen impaction was fully mediated by diet type (enteral feeding).

CONCLUSIONS: Enteral feeding seems to be a risk factor for cerumen impaction, rather than merely hospitalization length, in our sample of geriatric patients. These results highlight the importance of continuous monitoring by ear, nose, and throat specialists, as well as regular auditory assessments for patients who are enterally fed for early detection and treatment of cerumen impaction. Particular attention should be paid to cases of prolonged hospitalization, which is associated with the severity of dysphagia.},
}

Humans
Retrospective Studies
Aged
Male
Female
*Enteral Nutrition/adverse effects
*Hospitalization
Aged, 80 and over
*Cerumen
Length of Stay
Deglutition Disorders
Risk Factors
*Diet

@article {pmid39822422,
year = {2024},
author = {Aleksiev, T and Popov, V and Dobrev, H},
title = {Radiation-Associated Herpes Zoster: A Clinical Case.},
journal = {Cureus},
volume = {16},
number = {12},
pages = {e75857},
pmid = {39822422},
issn = {2168-8184},
abstract = {Herpes zoster (HZ) is a viral infection caused by the reactivation of endogenous and latent varicella-zoster virus that remains dormant in the cranial nerve or dorsal root ganglia. HZ occurs in a portion of the general population, with a higher incidence observed in high-risk individuals. Patients with impaired immunity, including human immunodeficiency virus infection, organ transplantation, old age, and cancer-related treatments such as chemotherapy (CT) and radiotherapy (RT) were found more prone to HZ infection. We present a case of a 50-year-old patient who underwent a surgical excision of an invasive ductal carcinoma of the right breast. Following 15 fractions of RT, the patient presented with HZ appearing in the radiation field. The patient was treated successfully with Acyclovir, and RT was continued while on maintenance therapy with antiviral drugs. This case presents the importance of early diagnosis and the right choice of treatment in cancer patients and HZ due to the higher risk of complications and further development of the primary condition.},
}

@article {pmid39821030,
year = {2025},
author = {Bullock, E and Brunton, VG},
title = {E-Cadherin-Mediated Cell-Cell Adhesion and Invasive Lobular Breast Cancer.},
journal = {Advances in experimental medicine and biology},
volume = {1464},
number = {},
pages = {259-275},
pmid = {39821030},
issn = {0065-2598},
mesh = {Humans ; *Cadherins/metabolism/genetics ; *Breast Neoplasms/pathology/metabolism/genetics ; Female ; *Carcinoma, Lobular/pathology/metabolism/genetics ; *Cell Adhesion ; Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; Adherens Junctions/metabolism/pathology ; Animals ; },
abstract = {E-cadherin is a transmembrane protein and central component of adherens junctions (AJs). The extracellular domain of E-cadherin forms homotypic interactions with E-cadherin on adjacent cells, facilitating the formation of cell-cell adhesions, known as AJs, between neighbouring cells. The intracellular domain of E-cadherin interacts with α-, β- and p120-catenins, linking the AJs to the actin cytoskeleton. Functional AJs maintain epithelial tissue identity and integrity. Transcriptional downregulation of E-cadherin is the first step in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a process essential in development and tissue repair, which, in breast cancer, can contribute to tumour progression and metastasis. In addition, loss-of-function mutations in E-cadherin are a defining feature of invasive lobular breast cancer (also known as invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC)), the second most common histological subtype of breast cancer. ILC displays a discohesive, single-file invasive growth pattern due to the loss of functional AJs. Despite being so prevalent, until recently there has been limited ILC-focused research and historically ILC patients have often been excluded from clinical trials. Despite displaying a number of good prognostic indicators, such as low grade and high rates of estrogen receptor positivity, ILC patients tend to have similar or poorer outcomes relative to the most common subtype of breast cancer, invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC). In ILC, E-cadherin loss promotes hyperactivation of growth factor receptors, in particular insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor, anoikis resistance and synthetic lethality with ROS1 inhibition. These features introduce clinical vulnerabilities that could potentially be exploited to improve outcomes for ILC patients, for whom there are currently limited tailored treatments available.},
}

Humans
*Cadherins/metabolism/genetics
*Breast Neoplasms/pathology/metabolism/genetics
Female
*Carcinoma, Lobular/pathology/metabolism/genetics
*Cell Adhesion
Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition
Neoplasm Invasiveness
Adherens Junctions/metabolism/pathology
Animals

@article {pmid39821022,
year = {2025},
author = {Nair, I and Behbod, F},
title = {Models for Studying Ductal Carcinoma In Situ Progression.},
journal = {Advances in experimental medicine and biology},
volume = {1464},
number = {},
pages = {95-108},
pmid = {39821022},
issn = {0065-2598},
mesh = {Humans ; *Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/pathology/genetics/metabolism ; Disease Progression ; Female ; *Breast Neoplasms/pathology/genetics/metabolism ; Tumor Microenvironment ; *Models, Biological ; *Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology ; },
abstract = {An estimated 55,720 new cases of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) will be diagnosed in 2023 in the USA alone because of the increased use of screening mammography. The treatment goal in DCIS is early detection and treatment with the hope of preventing progression into invasive disease. Previous studies show progression into invasive cancer as well as reduction in mortality from treatment is not as high as previously thought. So, are we overdiagnosing and over-treating DCIS? An understanding of the natural progression of DCIS is paramount to address this. The purpose of this chapter is to describe various models that have been developed to simulate the processes involved in DCIS to invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) transition. While each model possesses a unique set of strengths and weaknesses, they have collectively contributed to the current understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying this transition. Even though much has been learned, continued advancement of the current models to best match the composition of DCIS epithelial and stromal microenvironment including the extracellular matrix (ECM), stromal cell types, and immune microenvironment will be essential. These advances will undoubtedly pave the way toward a full understanding of mechanisms associated with progression and in predicting when a DCIS lesion remains indolent and when triggers tip in the balance toward progression to malignancy.},
}

Humans
*Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/pathology/genetics/metabolism
Disease Progression
Female
*Breast Neoplasms/pathology/genetics/metabolism
Tumor Microenvironment
*Models, Biological
*Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology

@article {pmid39815122,
year = {2025},
author = {Sossa-Melo, C and Abello-Polo, V and Salazar, LA and Peña, AM and Luna-González, M and Cuervo-Lozada, D and Quintero-Vega, GE and Daza, J and Omaña-Orduz, OP and Mantilla, W and Perdomo, I and Galvez, K and Díaz-Correa, LM and Guerrero-Burbano, PA and Herrera, JM and Idrobo, H and Gaviria, LM and Correa-Correa, ME and Lobatón, J and Bermúdez, CD and Pedraza-Morales, JE and Serrano-Casas, JC and Jaramillo, F and Gómez, R and Rosales, C and Solano, MH and Varón, C and Rodríguez-Veiga, R and Martínez-Cuadrón, D and Montesinos, P},
title = {Characteristics, outcomes and treatment patterns in acute myeloid leukemia patients 60 years or older in Colombia: a RENEHOC-PETHEMA study.},
journal = {Annals of hematology},
volume = {104},
number = {1},
pages = {369-381},
pmid = {39815122},
issn = {1432-0584},
mesh = {Humans ; Male ; *Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics/therapy/mortality/epidemiology/drug therapy/diagnosis ; Female ; Colombia/epidemiology ; Aged ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Aged, 80 and over ; Nucleophosmin ; Treatment Outcome ; *Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use ; Registries ; Survival Rate ; Cytarabine/administration & dosage ; Mutation ; },
abstract = {There is a limited information available on the clinical characteristics, treatment patterns and outcomes on older patients diagnosed with Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) in Latin-America. This multicenter retrospective study analyzed 269 patients over 60 years of age diagnosed with AML in Colombia, using data from RENEHOC-PETHEMA registry, from 2009 to 2023. The median age at diagnosis was 70 years (Range:60-98), 55% were men, 61% had an ECOG < 2, and 75.5% had de novo AML. FLT3-ITD or NPM1 mutations were performed in 23.4% and 15.6% patients, and detected in 14.3% and 16.7% of cases, respectively. Treatment included intensive chemotherapy (IC) (36.8%), Low-Intensity Regimen Based on Low-Dose Cytarabine (LDAC-based) (12.6%), hypomethylating agents (HMAs, with/without venetoclax) (35.3%), and supportive care (15.2%). The overall survival (OS) rate was 35.2% at 1 year and 5.6% at 5 years (13.7% for IC, 9.4% for LDAC-based, and 0% for other treatments); with median OS of 8.2 months (10.6 months after IC, 8.8 months after non-IC, 8.9 months after azacitidine/decitabine, 8.2 months after azacitidine-venetoclax, and 1.9 months with supportive care). Only 1.5% of patients underwent a transplant in the first line. The Leukemia-free survival (LFS) rate was 45.8% at 1-year and 13.7% at 5-years (22.4% for IC, 9.4% and 0% for other treatments); with median LFS of 9.5 months (17.3 months after IC, 7.4 months after LDAC-based, and 10.8 months after HMA). This study provides new insights into the management of patients in Colombia, highlighting the need for a highly individualized approach in treating AML in elderly patients.},
}

Humans
Male
*Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics/therapy/mortality/epidemiology/drug therapy/diagnosis
Female
Colombia/epidemiology
Aged
Middle Aged
Retrospective Studies
Aged, 80 and over
Nucleophosmin
Treatment Outcome
*Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use
Registries
Survival Rate
Cytarabine/administration & dosage
Mutation

@article {pmid39806949,
year = {2025},
author = {Gallas, AE and Morenikeji, GO and King, RE and Adegbaju, MS and Ayoola, A and Taiwo, G and Morenikeji, OB},
title = {An Overview of Invasive Ductal Carcinoma (IDC) in Women's Breast Cancer.},
journal = {Current molecular medicine},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.2174/0115665240349468241113065031},
pmid = {39806949},
issn = {1875-5666},
abstract = {Invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) is the most common type of breast cancer, primarily affecting women in the United States and across the world. This review summarizes key concepts related to IDC causes, treatment approaches, and the identification of biological markers for specific prognoses. Furthermore, we reviewed many studies, including those involving patients with IDC and ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) that progressed to IDC. We reported various studies on the causes of IDC, including mutations on BRCA1 and BRCA2, different levels of expression of specific genes in signaling pathways, menopause status, alcohol consumption, aging, and hormone imbalances that cause IDC while p-SMAD4 expressions, DNA methylation, regulations of hub genes, and underestimation of IDC affecting prognoses. Prompt IDC diagnosis and early intervention have been reported to demonstrate a greater probability of eradicating IDC and preventing further recurrence in the future. It is crucial for physicians and researchers to equip patients with the best information possible to proactively manage their health, whether it be for IDC prevention or treatment. Overall, our review provided a comprehensive understanding of IDC that enables patients to grasp the nature of the disease with the hope of mitigating IDC risk, decrease the anxiety of a cancer diagnosis, and encourage patients to become more involved in making informed decisions for their healthcare.},
}

@article {pmid39805165,
year = {2025},
author = {Michelon, I and Castro, CER and Madeira, T and Dacoregio, MI and Stecca, C and Soares, LR and Saeed, A and Vilbert, M and Cavalcante, L},
title = {Trastuzumab deruxtecan in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive breast cancer brain metastases: A systematic review and updated meta-analysis.},
journal = {Cancer treatment reviews},
volume = {133},
number = {},
pages = {102882},
doi = {10.1016/j.ctrv.2025.102882},
pmid = {39805165},
issn = {1532-1967},
mesh = {Humans ; *Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy/pathology/metabolism ; *Trastuzumab/therapeutic use/pharmacology ; Receptor, ErbB-2/metabolism ; *Brain Neoplasms/secondary/drug therapy/metabolism ; Female ; *Immunoconjugates/therapeutic use ; *Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/therapeutic use ; Camptothecin/analogs & derivatives ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Trastuzumab deruxtecan (T-DXd) has shown promising activity in patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive breast cancer (BC) and central nervous system (CNS) involvement. In this updated meta-analysis, we explore the effectiveness of T-DXd in a large subset of patients with HER2-positive BC and CNS disease.

METHODS: A systematic search was made on September 16th, 2024, for studies investigating T-DXd in the scenario of HER2-positive BC and brain metastases (BMs) and/or leptomeningeal disease (LMD). We used random effects models for all statistical analyses.

RESULTS: We included 18 studies with 786 HER2-positive BC patients with CNS involvement (16 studies with 750 BMs patients and three studies with 36 LMD patients). We observed high overall antitumor responses (objective response rate [ORR], 60.4 %; disease control rate [DCR], 94.4 %; and clinical benefit rate [CBR], 79.3 %) and a 12-month PFS of 64.7 % and OS of 82.7 %. Intracranial ORR, DCR, and CBR were seen in 62.2 %, 88.6 %, and 68.6 % of patients, respectively, and 67.4 % achieved intracranial PFS at 12 months. Both stable and active BMs subgroups derived similar benefit from T-DXd. Better intracranial responses were seen for 33 patients with untreated BMs compared to 56 patients with previously treated or progressing lesions (odds ratio 3.82, 95 % confidence interval 1.3-10.8, p = 0.01). For the LMD group, T-DXd elicited intracranial ORR and CBR in 59.4 % and 94.1 % of patients, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS: This updated meta-analysis continues to support the overall and intracranial activity of T-DXd in patients with HER2-positive BC and CNS involvement, including those with LMD.},
}

Humans
*Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy/pathology/metabolism
*Trastuzumab/therapeutic use/pharmacology
Receptor, ErbB-2/metabolism
*Brain Neoplasms/secondary/drug therapy/metabolism
Female
*Immunoconjugates/therapeutic use
*Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/therapeutic use
Camptothecin/analogs & derivatives

@article {pmid39804847,
year = {2025},
author = {Wang, K and Fischer, A and Maccio, U and Zitzmann, K and Robledo, M and Lauseker, M and Bauer, J and Bechmann, N and Gahr, S and Maurer, J and Peischer, L and Reul, A and Nieß, H and Zimmermann, P and Ilmer, M and Schilbach, K and Knösel, T and Kroiss, M and Fassnacht, M and Müller, SA and Morand, GB and Huber, A and Vetter, D and Lehmann, K and Kulcsar, Z and Mohr, H and Pellegata, NS and Hantel, C and Reincke, M and Beuschlein, F and Pacak, K and Grossman, AB and Auernhammer, CJ and Nölting, S},
title = {Impact of sex hormones on pheochromocytomas, paragangliomas, and gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors.},
journal = {European journal of endocrinology},
volume = {192},
number = {1},
pages = {46-60},
doi = {10.1093/ejendo/lvae163},
pmid = {39804847},
issn = {1479-683X},
support = {314061271 - TRR 205//German Research Foundation/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *Neuroendocrine Tumors/pathology/drug therapy/metabolism/genetics ; *Pheochromocytoma/pathology/drug therapy/metabolism/genetics ; *Paraganglioma/pathology/drug therapy/metabolism/genetics ; *Pancreatic Neoplasms/pathology/drug therapy/metabolism/genetics ; Female ; *Intestinal Neoplasms/pathology/drug therapy/metabolism/genetics ; Male ; *Adrenal Gland Neoplasms/pathology/drug therapy/metabolism/genetics ; *Stomach Neoplasms/drug therapy/pathology/metabolism/genetics ; *Gonadal Steroid Hormones/pharmacology ; Middle Aged ; Adult ; Estradiol/pharmacology ; Testosterone/pharmacology ; Estrogen Receptor alpha/metabolism ; Progesterone/pharmacology ; Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate/pharmacology ; Aged ; *Gastrointestinal Neoplasms/drug therapy/pathology/metabolism ; Cell Survival/drug effects ; },
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: The effects of sex hormones remain largely unexplored in pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas (PPGLs) and gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP-NETs).

METHODS: We evaluated the effects of estradiol, progesterone, Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), and testosterone on human patient-derived PPGL/GEP-NET primary culture cell viability (n = 38/n = 12), performed next-generation sequencing and immunohistochemical hormone receptor analysis in patient-derived PPGL tumor tissues (n = 36).

RESULTS: In PPGLs, estradiol and progesterone (1 µm) demonstrated overall significant antitumor effects with the strongest efficacy in PPGLs with NF1 (cluster 2) pathogenic variants. Estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) positivity was detected in 11/36 PPGLs, including 4/4 head-and-neck paragangliomas (HNPGLs). ERα-positive tumors responded with a significant cell viability decrease to estradiol. DHEAS and testosterone (1 µm) displayed no effects, but higher doses of testosterone (10 µm) demonstrated significant antitumor effects, including a pheochromocytoma lung metastasis with strong androgen receptor positivity (30%). Driven by the antitumor effects of estrogen, we evaluated G-protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) agonist G-1 as a potential therapeutic option for PPGLs and found strong significant antitumor potential, with the strongest efficacy in tumors with NF1 pathogenic variants. Moreover, we detected sex-related differences-tumors from male patients showed significantly stronger responsivity to G-1 compared with tumors from female patients. In GEP-NETs, sex hormones showed overall no effects, especially no tumor growth-promoting effects.

CONCLUSION: We provide novel data on the effects of elevated sex hormone levels, potentially seen during pregnancy or hormone replacement therapy, on PPGL/GEP-NET tumor growth. G-1 might offer a novel therapeutic approach for some PPGLs depending on patient's sex and the individual tumor's genetic/molecular background. All HNPGLs showed ERα positivity.},
}

Humans
*Neuroendocrine Tumors/pathology/drug therapy/metabolism/genetics
*Pheochromocytoma/pathology/drug therapy/metabolism/genetics
*Paraganglioma/pathology/drug therapy/metabolism/genetics
*Pancreatic Neoplasms/pathology/drug therapy/metabolism/genetics
Female
*Intestinal Neoplasms/pathology/drug therapy/metabolism/genetics
Male
*Adrenal Gland Neoplasms/pathology/drug therapy/metabolism/genetics
*Stomach Neoplasms/drug therapy/pathology/metabolism/genetics
*Gonadal Steroid Hormones/pharmacology
Middle Aged
Adult
Estradiol/pharmacology
Testosterone/pharmacology
Estrogen Receptor alpha/metabolism
Progesterone/pharmacology
Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate/pharmacology
Aged
*Gastrointestinal Neoplasms/drug therapy/pathology/metabolism
Cell Survival/drug effects

@article {pmid39799921,
year = {2025},
author = {Fu, J and Wang, J and Ma, Z and Yuan, D and Zhang, Y and Wang, L and Luo, Y},
title = {CaCO3-coated indoxacarb deep eutectic solvent complexed with diatomaceous earth improves insecticidal activity against the red imported fire ants.},
journal = {Ecotoxicology and environmental safety},
volume = {289},
number = {},
pages = {117709},
doi = {10.1016/j.ecoenv.2025.117709},
pmid = {39799921},
issn = {1090-2414},
mesh = {Animals ; *Ants/drug effects ; *Insecticides/chemistry/toxicity ; *Oxazines/chemistry/toxicity ; *Diatomaceous Earth/chemistry ; *Calcium Carbonate/chemistry ; *Deep Eutectic Solvents/chemistry ; Nanoparticles/chemistry ; Fire Ants ; },
abstract = {The red imported fire ants (RIFAs) are a globally important invasive pest that severely affects the ecosystem and human health, and its current control is primarily through chemical pesticides. However, the extensive use of chemical pesticides causes environmental problems, and alternative strategies for controlling this pest are being explored. In our study, we aimed to design a deep eutectic solvent (DES)-CaCO3 system in which RIFAs were used as target insects to increase the lethal activity and behavioural regulation effects on RIFAs via contact and feeding. Indoxacarb (IDC) was made into DESs with three fatty acids, oleic acid (OA), linoleic acid (LA), and linolenic acid (LNA), which showed a significant increase in lethal activity against worker ants compared with IDC. OA@IDC@CaCO3, LA@IDC@CaCO3, and LNA@IDC@CaCO3 nanoparticles were prepared via interfacial precipitation. Characterization of the structures of the three pesticide-carrying nanoparticles revealed that all three fatty acid eutectic solvents formed spherical CaCO3 nanoparticles, with average particle sizes between 0.59 and 0.90 μm, which increased with increasing degree of fatty acid unsaturation. The pesticide loading ranged from 2.13 %⁓3.43 %, and the surfaces were all positively charged and well dispersed. OA@IDC@CaCO3 was relatively more effective and was able to dramatically inhibit the abandonment and foraging behaviours of RIFAs, prolong the time required for these behaviours, and decrease the number of feeding worker ants and the amount of food consumed. OA@IDC@CaCO3 was subsequently compounded with diatomaceous earth (DA), and spiked into baits, which significantly increased the contact and feeding activity of worker ants, inhibited the feeding, digging, and corpse-discarding behaviours of RIFAs. In the field trial, the combined control effect of the DA + OA@IDC@CaCO3 group was 83.38 %, which was greater than the 69.65 % of the commercial agent control group. In this study, IDC bait was co-prepared by using acid as a comelting solvent, CaCO3 as a coating, and DA as a pesticide adjuvant, which improved the activity against RIFAs, prolonged the holding period of IDC, and improved the prevention and control of RIFAs. Therefore, our research provides a simple and feasible approach for designing and constructing novel nanopesticides for RIFAs control.},
}

Animals
*Ants/drug effects
*Insecticides/chemistry/toxicity
*Oxazines/chemistry/toxicity
*Diatomaceous Earth/chemistry
*Calcium Carbonate/chemistry
*Deep Eutectic Solvents/chemistry
Nanoparticles/chemistry
Fire Ants

@article {pmid39795975,
year = {2024},
author = {Caca, J and Bartelt, A and Egea, V},
title = {Hypoxia Regulates Brown Adipocyte Differentiation and Stimulates miR-210 by HIF-1α.},
journal = {International journal of molecular sciences},
volume = {26},
number = {1},
pages = {},
pmid = {39795975},
issn = {1422-0067},
mesh = {*MicroRNAs/genetics/metabolism ; Animals ; *Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit/metabolism/genetics ; *Adipocytes, Brown/metabolism/cytology ; *Cell Differentiation/genetics ; Mice ; Thermogenesis/genetics ; Cell Hypoxia ; },
abstract = {MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short sequences of single-stranded non-coding RNAs that target messenger RNAs, leading to their repression or decay. Interestingly, miRNAs play a role in the cellular response to low oxygen levels, known as hypoxia, which is associated with reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress. However, the physiological implications of hypoxia-induced miRNAs ("hypoxamiRs") remain largely unclear. Here, we investigate the role of miR-210 in brown adipocyte differentiation and thermogenesis. We treated the cells under sympathetic stimulation with hypoxia, CoCl2, or IOX2. To manipulate miR-210, we performed reverse transfection with antagomiRs. Adipocyte markers expression, lipid accumulation, lipolysis, and oxygen consumption were measured. Hypoxia hindered BAT differentiation and suppressed sympathetic stimulation. Hypoxia-induced HIF-1α stabilization increased miR-210 in brown adipocytes. Interestingly, miR-210-5p enhanced differentiation under normoxic conditions but was insufficient to rescue the inhibition of brown adipocyte differentiation under hypoxic conditions. Although adrenergic stimulation activated HIF-1α signaling and upregulated miR-210 expression, inhibition of miR-210-5p did not significantly influence UCP1 expression or oxygen consumption. In summary, hypoxia and adrenergic stimulation upregulated miR-210, which impacted brown adipocyte differentiation and thermogenesis. These findings offer new insights for the physiological role of hypoxamiRs in brown adipose tissue, which could aid in understanding oxidative stress and treatment of metabolic disorders.},
}

*MicroRNAs/genetics/metabolism
Animals
*Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit/metabolism/genetics
*Adipocytes, Brown/metabolism/cytology
*Cell Differentiation/genetics
Mice
Thermogenesis/genetics
Cell Hypoxia

@article {pmid39788307,
year = {2025},
author = {Doan, VTH and Imai, T and Kawazoe, N and Chen, G and Yoshitomi, T},
title = {Regulation of antigen presentation and interleukin 10 production in murine dendritic cells via the oxidative stimulation of cell membrane using a polycation-porphyrin-conjugate-immobilized cell culture dish.},
journal = {Acta biomaterialia},
volume = {193},
number = {},
pages = {231-241},
doi = {10.1016/j.actbio.2025.01.004},
pmid = {39788307},
issn = {1878-7568},
mesh = {Animals ; *Dendritic Cells/cytology/metabolism/immunology/drug effects ; *Porphyrins/chemistry/pharmacology ; *Cell Membrane/metabolism/drug effects ; *Interleukin-10/biosynthesis ; Mice ; *Antigen Presentation/drug effects ; Polyelectrolytes ; Oxidation-Reduction ; *Cells, Immobilized/metabolism/cytology ; *Polyamines/chemistry/pharmacology ; },
abstract = {Tolerogenic dendritic cells with professional antigen presentation via major histocompatibility complex molecules, co-stimulatory molecules (CD80/86), and interleukin 10 production have attracted significant attention as cellular therapies for autoimmune, allergic, and graft-versus-host diseases. In this study, we developed a cell culture dish equipped with polycation-porphyrin-conjugate-immobilized glass (PA-HP-G) to stimulate immature murine dendritic cell (iDCs). Upon irradiation with a red light at 635 nm toward the PA-HP-G surface, singlet oxygen was generated by the immobilized porphyrins on the PA-HP-G surface. When iDCs were cultured on the PA-HP-G surface, moderate light irradiation generated lipid radicals without excessive generation of reactive oxygen species in the cytoplasm and nucleus, which led to the oxidative stimulation of the iDC cell membrane without cell death. Light irradiation changed the morphology of dendritic cells on the PA-HP-G surface to a tree-like structure with dendrites, accelerated their maturation, and enhanced the antigen-presenting ability for the ovalbumin peptide via major histocompatibility complex class I molecules. Additionally, the antigen-presenting dendritic cells on the PA-HP-G surface produced the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin 10 upon light irradiation. These results indicated that upon moderate light irradiation, the PA-HP-G surface regulated the maturation of iDCs into tolerogenic dendritic cells. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: • Cell culture dish is developed for selective oxidative stimulus of cell membrane. • [1]O2 is generated from polycation/porphyrin-immobilized glass by light irradiation. • Lipid radicals are generated without generation of ROS in cytoplasm and nuclei. • Immature dendritic cells are maturated by oxidative stimulation of cell membrane. • Oxidative membrane stimulus enhances antigen-presentation and IL-10 secretion.},
}

Animals
*Dendritic Cells/cytology/metabolism/immunology/drug effects
*Porphyrins/chemistry/pharmacology
*Cell Membrane/metabolism/drug effects
*Interleukin-10/biosynthesis
Mice
*Antigen Presentation/drug effects
Polyelectrolytes
Oxidation-Reduction
*Cells, Immobilized/metabolism/cytology
*Polyamines/chemistry/pharmacology

@article {pmid39724992,
year = {2025},
author = {Wang, Y and Zhang, J and Wang, Y and Liu, Y and Shi, B and Li, X and He, J and Zhang, H},
title = {Lower expression of MMP2, FLNA, and CFL1 is correlated with favorable prognosis in invasive micropapillary breast cancer.},
journal = {Gene},
volume = {940},
number = {},
pages = {149192},
doi = {10.1016/j.gene.2024.149192},
pmid = {39724992},
issn = {1879-0038},
mesh = {Humans ; *Breast Neoplasms/genetics/pathology/metabolism/mortality ; Female ; Prognosis ; *Matrix Metalloproteinase 2/genetics/metabolism ; *Filamins/genetics/metabolism ; Middle Aged ; Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Retrospective Studies ; *Carcinoma, Papillary/genetics/pathology/metabolism/mortality ; *Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/genetics/pathology ; Nomograms ; Aged ; },
abstract = {PURPOSE: Despite its recognized aggressive clinical manifestations, invasive micropapillary carcinoma has a controversial prognosis in comparison to invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast. This retrospective study aimed to explore the prognosis and underlying molecular mechanisms of invasive micropapillary carcinoma.

METHODS: Through the SEER database, we compared patients survival outcomes with invasive micropapillary carcinoma versus invasive ductal carcinoma, and developed a nomogram to predict the overall survival of the former group. We explored gene profiles of invasive micropapillary carcinoma in the GEO database. Hub genes were identified as the top ten genes in the PPI network with the highest degrees of connectivity, and three of them were selected for validation by immunohistochemistry.

RESULTS: Invasive micropapillary carcinoma patients had better overall survival and breast cancer-specific survival than invasive ductal carcinoma patients did. Multivariate analysis revealed age, marital status, TN stage, ER status, and chemotherapy as independent prognostic factors for invasive micropapillary carcinoma patients, which were used to construct a nomogram with good performance. A total of 294 DEGs were identified, with ten hub genes, including MMP2, FLNA and CFL1, which were expressed at lower levels in invasive micropapillary carcinoma patients than in invasive ductal carcinoma patients, indicating favorable outcomes.

CONCLUSIONS: Patients with invasive micropapillary carcinoma generally have a better prognosis than those with invasive ductal carcinoma does, which could be attributed to the lower expression of pro-oncogenic genes in the former group; however, the underlying mechanism needs further investigation.},
}

Humans
*Breast Neoplasms/genetics/pathology/metabolism/mortality
Female
Prognosis
*Matrix Metalloproteinase 2/genetics/metabolism
*Filamins/genetics/metabolism
Middle Aged
Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
Retrospective Studies
*Carcinoma, Papillary/genetics/pathology/metabolism/mortality
*Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/genetics/pathology
Nomograms
Aged

@article {pmid39721789,
year = {2024},
author = {Nagahara, M and Tezuka, K},
title = {[Invasive Ductal Carcinoma with Total Infarction and Necrosis-Case Report and Literature Review].},
journal = {Gan to kagaku ryoho. Cancer & chemotherapy},
volume = {51},
number = {12},
pages = {1255-1258},
pmid = {39721789},
issn = {0385-0684},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; Aged ; *Necrosis ; *Breast Neoplasms/pathology/complications/surgery ; *Infarction/etiology/pathology ; *Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/complications/pathology/surgery ; Mastectomy ; },
abstract = {A 71-year-old woman visited our hospital with pain and itching in her left breast which had commenced the day before admission. On palpation, we detected a 2.0 cm nodule, indicative of an elastic and hard tumor located centrally in the left breast. Mammography revealed an oval, microlobulated mass in the central quadrant of the left breast. Ultrasonography indicated a 1.5×1.3 cm hypoechoic lesion at the 12 o'clock position near the left nipple. Core needle biopsy revealed an invasive ductal carcinoma. Therefore, we mastectomized the left breast. Histologically, the tumor mass exhibited total necrosis, with viable carcinoma cells detected in a paramammary lymph node at the resected breast edge. Consequently, the tumor was diagnosed as a solid tubular carcinoma with total infarction and necrosis. Here, we present a rare case of breast cancer associated with infarction and necrosis.},
}

Humans
Female
Aged
*Necrosis
*Breast Neoplasms/pathology/complications/surgery
*Infarction/etiology/pathology
*Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/complications/pathology/surgery
Mastectomy

@article {pmid39710328,
year = {2025},
author = {Denimal, L and Klein, C and Capon, G and Alezra, E and Bernhard, JC and Estrade, V and Blanc, P and Bladou, F and Robert, G},
title = {Impact of clean intermittent self-catheterization and indwelling catheterization on perioperative outcomes in patients with urinary retention undergoing BPH surgery: A comparative monocentric retrospective study.},
journal = {The French journal of urology},
volume = {35},
number = {1},
pages = {102851},
doi = {10.1016/j.fjurol.2024.102851},
pmid = {39710328},
issn = {2950-3930},
mesh = {Humans ; Male ; *Urinary Retention/etiology/therapy ; *Prostatic Hyperplasia/surgery/complications ; Retrospective Studies ; Aged ; *Catheters, Indwelling/adverse effects ; Treatment Outcome ; Postoperative Complications/epidemiology/etiology ; Middle Aged ; *Intermittent Urethral Catheterization/methods ; Aged, 80 and over ; *Prostatectomy ; Urinary Catheterization ; Self Care ; },
abstract = {INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: In case of acute urinary retention (AUR) due to benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) first trial without catheter (TWOC) may fail in about 30% of cases. In this situation most of patients have to keep an indwelling catheter (IDC) or to perform clean intermittent self-catheterization (CISC) until surgery. Although CISC has shown several advantages over IDC in neurologic patients, it is barely proposed in case of acute or chronic urinary retention due to BPH and comparative data on the outcomes of BPH surgery are very sparse. The aim of this study was to evaluate peri-operative outcomes of BPH surgery depending on the type of urinary drainage (IDC or CISC) in a population of patients with acute or chronic urinary retention and TWOC failure.

PATIENTS AND METHOD: We retrospectively analyzed a prospectively maintained database on BPH surgery to retrieve the records of all men admitted for surgical treatment of BPH following acute or chronic urinary retention with TWOC failure over a one-year period of time (January to December 2022). Two groups were constituted depending on the type of urinary drainage at the time of surgery (IDC or CISC). Peri-operative outcomes were compared between groups regarding pre-operative urine culture, antibiotic consumption, post-operative complications, length of hospital stay, and spontaneous voiding after catheter removal.

RESULTS: Between January and December 2022, 59 patients underwent BPH surgery after urinary retention and TWOC failure. At the time of surgery, 28 patients were on IDC (47%) and 31 patients were on CISC (53%). Despite a shorter delay between AUR and surgery in the IDC group (42days vs. 80days, P<0.01), patients had a significantly higher rate of pre-operative positive urine culture (100% vs. 51.6%, P<0.01), received antibiotics more frequently (93% vs. 42%, P<0.01), had a higher rate of post-operative complications (50% vs. 13%, P<0.01), stayed longer in the hospital (3days vs. 2days, P=0.02), and had a higher rate of post-operative retention (36% vs. 6.5%, P<0.01).

CONCLUSION: In our experience, the use of CISC before BPH surgery improved peri-operative outcomes as compared to IDC. CISC reduced antibiotic consumption, post-operative complications, length of hospital stay, and improved micturition recovery after catheter removal.},
}

Humans
Male
*Urinary Retention/etiology/therapy
*Prostatic Hyperplasia/surgery/complications
Retrospective Studies
Aged
*Catheters, Indwelling/adverse effects
Treatment Outcome
Postoperative Complications/epidemiology/etiology
Middle Aged
*Intermittent Urethral Catheterization/methods
Aged, 80 and over
*Prostatectomy
Urinary Catheterization
Self Care

@article {pmid39708123,
year = {2024},
author = {Xie, T and Fan, G and Tang, L and Xing, P and Shi, Y},
title = {Artificial neural network systems to predict the response to sintilimab in squamous-cell non-small-cell lung cancer based on data of ORIENT-3 study.},
journal = {Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII},
volume = {74},
number = {1},
pages = {29},
pmid = {39708123},
issn = {1432-0851},
mesh = {Humans ; *Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/drug therapy/immunology ; *Neural Networks, Computer ; *Lung Neoplasms/drug therapy/immunology ; *Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/therapeutic use ; Male ; Female ; Biomarkers, Tumor ; Prognosis ; Middle Aged ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/drug therapy/immunology ; Aged ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Existing biomarkers and models for predicting response to programmed cell death protein 1 monoclonal antibody in advanced squamous-cell non-small cell lung cancer (sqNSCLC) did not have enough accuracy. We used data from the ORIENT-3 study to construct artificial neural network (ANN) systems to predict the response to sintilimab for sqNSCLC.

METHODS: Four ANN systems based on bulk RNA data to predict disease control (DC), immune DC (iDC), objective response (OR) and immune OR (iOR) were constructed and tested for patients with sqNSCLC treated with sintilimab. The mechanism exploration on the bulk and the spatial level were performed in patients from the ORIENT-3 study and the real world, respectively.

FINDINGS: sqNSCLC patients with different responses to sintilimab showed each unique transcriptomic spectrum. Four ANN systems showed high accuracy in the test cohort (AUC of DC, iDC, OR and iOR were 0.83, 0.89, 0.93 and 0.94, respectively). The performance of ANN systems was better than that of linear model systems and showed high stability. The mechanism exploration on the bulk level suggested that patients with lower ANN system scores (worse response) had a higher ratio of immune-related pathways enrichment. The mechanism exploration on the spatial level indicated that patients with better response to immunotherapy had fewer clusters of both tumor and cytotoxicity T cell spots.

INTERPRETATION: The four ANN systems showed high accuracy, robustness and stability in predicting the response to sintilimab for patients with sqNSCLC.},
}

Humans
*Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/drug therapy/immunology
*Neural Networks, Computer
*Lung Neoplasms/drug therapy/immunology
*Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/therapeutic use
Male
Female
Biomarkers, Tumor
Prognosis
Middle Aged
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/drug therapy/immunology
Aged

@article {pmid39684874,
year = {2024},
author = {Galappaththi, SPL and Smith, KR and Alsatari, ES and Hunter, R and Dyess, DL and Turbat-Herrera, EA and Dasgupta, S},
title = {The Genomic and Biologic Landscapes of Breast Cancer and Racial Differences.},
journal = {International journal of molecular sciences},
volume = {25},
number = {23},
pages = {},
pmid = {39684874},
issn = {1422-0067},
support = {1R21MD019400-01/MD/NIMHD NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *Breast Neoplasms/genetics/pathology/epidemiology ; Female ; *Genomics/methods ; Dysbiosis ; Racial Groups/genetics ; },
abstract = {Breast cancer is a significant health challenge worldwide and is the most frequently diagnosed cancer among women globally. This review provides a comprehensive overview of breast cancer biology, genomics, and microbial dysbiosis, focusing on its various subtypes and racial differences. Breast cancer is primarily classified into carcinomas and sarcomas, with carcinomas constituting most cases. Epidemiology and breast cancer risk factors are important for public health intervention. Staging and grading, based on the TNM and Nottingham grading systems, respectively, are crucial to determining the clinical outcome and treatment decisions. Histopathological subtypes include in situ and invasive carcinomas, such as invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) and invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC). The review explores molecular subtypes, including Luminal A, Luminal B, Basal-like (Triple Negative), and HER2-enriched, and delves into breast cancer's histological and molecular progression patterns. Recent research findings related to nuclear and mitochondrial genetic alterations, epigenetic reprogramming, and the role of microbiome dysbiosis in breast cancer and racial differences are also reported. The review also provides an update on breast cancer's current diagnostics and treatment modalities.},
}

Humans
*Breast Neoplasms/genetics/pathology/epidemiology
Female
*Genomics/methods
Dysbiosis
Racial Groups/genetics

@article {pmid39684409,
year = {2024},
author = {Feng, M and Cui, H and Li, S and Li, L and Zhou, C and Chen, L and Cao, Y and Gao, Y and Li, D},
title = {Ubiquitin-Activating Enzyme E1 (UBA1) as a Prognostic Biomarker and Therapeutic Target in Breast Cancer: Insights into Immune Infiltration and Functional Implications.},
journal = {International journal of molecular sciences},
volume = {25},
number = {23},
pages = {},
pmid = {39684409},
issn = {1422-0067},
support = {22YF1407800//Shanghai Municipal Commission of Science and Technology/ ; No.82103429//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; No.82303311//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *Breast Neoplasms/genetics/immunology/pathology/metabolism ; Female ; *Ubiquitin-Activating Enzymes/genetics/metabolism ; *Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics/metabolism ; Prognosis ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Cell Line, Tumor ; },
abstract = {Ubiquitin-Activating Enzyme E1 (UBA1), an E1 enzyme involved in the activation of ubiquitin enzymes, has been involved in the onset and progression of different cancers in humans. Nevertheless, the precise contribution of UBA1 in breast cancer (BC) is still poorly characterized. In this study, a thorough investigation was carried out to elucidate the significance of UBA1 and validate its functionality in BC. Through the analysis of mRNA sequencing data of BC patients, the mRNA expression of UBA1 was observed to be notably enhanced in cancer tissues relative to controls, and high UBA1 expression was linked to worse overall survival (OS), disease-specific survival (DSS), and progress-free survival (PFS). Moreover, UBA1 exhibited potential as an independent prognostic and diagnostic biomarker for individuals with BC. Additionally, functional enrichment analysis revealed the involvement of UBA1 in inflammation-linked pathways, like the TNF-α signaling pathway, the IL-6 signaling pathway, and various immune-related biological processes. Notably, single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) aided in the identification of a negative link between UBA1 expression and the levels of infiltrating mast cells, Th1 cells, iDC cells, B cells, DC cells, Tem cells, Cytotoxic cells, T cells, CD8T cells, and pDC cells. Finally, this study demonstrated that silencing UBA1 significantly impeded the growth and development of BC cell lines. These findings highlight UBA1 as a potential prognostic biomarker linked to immune infiltration in BC, thereby depicting its potential as a new therapeutic target for individuals with BC.},
}

Humans
*Breast Neoplasms/genetics/immunology/pathology/metabolism
Female
*Ubiquitin-Activating Enzymes/genetics/metabolism
*Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics/metabolism
Prognosis
*Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
Cell Line, Tumor

@article {pmid39654368,
year = {2025},
author = {Krings, G and Shamir, ER and Laé, M and Bean, GR and Post, MD and Schnitt, SJ and Chen, YY},
title = {Serous-like breast carcinomas: immunophenotypic, genetic, and clinicopathologic characterization of a morphologically distinct group of tumours.},
journal = {Histopathology},
volume = {86},
number = {5},
pages = {779-792},
doi = {10.1111/his.15385},
pmid = {39654368},
issn = {1365-2559},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; Middle Aged ; *Breast Neoplasms/pathology/genetics ; Adult ; Aged ; Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis ; Immunophenotyping ; *Cystadenocarcinoma, Serous/pathology/genetics/diagnosis ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Aged, 80 and over ; },
abstract = {AIMS: Unusual morphologic patterns of breast carcinomas can raise diagnostic consideration for metastasis or special breast cancer subtypes with management implications. We describe rare invasive breast cancers that mimic serous carcinoma of the gynaecologic tract (serous-like breast carcinomas, SLBC) and characterize their clinicopathologic, immunophenotypic, and genetic features.

METHODS AND RESULTS: All patients were female (n = 15, median age 49 years) without a history of gynaecologic malignancy. SLBC were characterized histologically by angulated, branched, sometimes anastomosing glands with micropapillary and/or pseudopapillary luminal projections in desmoplastic stroma. Most SLBC were triple-negative (TN, n = 10) or HER2-positive (n = 2) and grade 2 or 3, while some were oestrogen receptor (ER) low-positive/HER2-negative and low-grade (n = 3). CK5/6 was positive irrespective of grade or receptor status (10/10). All SLBC expressed GATA3 (14/15), TRPS1 (7/7), and/or mammaglobin (4/13). SOX10 was positive in most TN (9/10) and all ER low-positive (3/3) cases, but negative in HER2-positive tumours. WT1 was universally negative, and PAX8 was focal in one mammaglobin-positive tumour. All ER-negative SLBC were p53-aberrant and 9/11 were p16-aberrant, whereas ER-positive tumours were wildtype for both markers (3/3). TP53 was the only frequently mutated gene, altered in all ER-negative (10/10) but no ER-positive (0/4) tumours. Clinical behaviour was variable. Only 1/6 patients achieved pathologic complete response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

CONCLUSION: SLBC is a rare morphologic pattern of invasive breast carcinoma that mimics metastatic serous gynaecologic carcinoma, a potential diagnostic pitfall. SLBC are heterogeneous with respect to grade, receptor profile, and oncogenic driver alterations, without specific genetic underpinnings identified. Additional studies are warranted to further evaluate the clinical behaviour of these tumours.},
}

Humans
Female
Middle Aged
*Breast Neoplasms/pathology/genetics
Adult
Aged
Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis
Immunophenotyping
*Cystadenocarcinoma, Serous/pathology/genetics/diagnosis
Diagnosis, Differential
Aged, 80 and over

@article {pmid39654135,
year = {2024},
author = {Rasheed, U and Khalid, M and Noor, A and Saeed, U and Uppal, R and Zafar, S},
title = {Genetic assessment of apolipoprotein E polymorphism and PRNP genotypes in rapidly progressive dementias in Pakistan.},
journal = {Prion},
volume = {18},
number = {1},
pages = {1-7},
pmid = {39654135},
issn = {1933-690X},
mesh = {Humans ; Pakistan ; *Prion Proteins/genetics ; *Genotype ; *Apolipoproteins E/genetics ; Female ; Male ; Polymorphism, Genetic/genetics ; Creutzfeldt-Jakob Syndrome/genetics ; Dementia/genetics ; Mutation/genetics ; Alleles ; Gene Frequency/genetics ; Middle Aged ; Alzheimer Disease/genetics ; Aged ; },
abstract = {Rapidly progressive dementias (RPDs) are a type of fatal dementias that cause rapid progression of neuronal dysfunction. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of APOE genotypes (ε2, ε3, ε4) and PRNP mutations (E200K, M129V) in the general population of Pakistan because of their association with RPDs, including Rapidly Progressive Alzheimer's Disease (rpAD) and Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD). Blood samples (n = 100) were collected from healthy Pakistani population and the stated mutations were assessed using polymerase chain reaction. In the analysis of the APOE genotype, ε3/ε3 genotype was the most common (95%), followed by ε3/ε4 (5%) and ε2 allele was completely absent. A low frequency of ε4 allele and the absence of a protective ε2 allele is associated with an increased risk of rpAD. In the case of PRNP mutations, the most common genotype was M129-Ε200 (71%) and V129-Ε200 (29%). E200K mutation was completely absent from the given population. It is noteworthy that the MM homozygous genotype was present in 71 samples, VV genotype was present in 29. Homozygosity on codon 129, as observed in most of our samples, has been associated with more efficient production of PrP[Sc] and disease pathology. This study provides preliminary data indicating that rpAD and CJD pose a significant threat to the Pakistani population.},
}

Humans
Pakistan
*Prion Proteins/genetics
*Genotype
*Apolipoproteins E/genetics
Female
Male
Polymorphism, Genetic/genetics
Creutzfeldt-Jakob Syndrome/genetics
Dementia/genetics
Mutation/genetics
Alleles
Gene Frequency/genetics
Middle Aged
Alzheimer Disease/genetics
Aged

@article {pmid39645755,
year = {2024},
author = {Parmar, DS and Thakur, MN and Agarwal, I and Ganesh, SR and Vogel, G},
title = {Report of stray sightings of Dendrelaphis proarchos (Wall, 1909) (Serpentes: Colubridae) in Surat, Gujarat, western India.},
journal = {Zootaxa},
volume = {5433},
number = {2},
pages = {231-248},
doi = {10.11646/zootaxa.5433.2.4},
pmid = {39645755},
issn = {1175-5334},
mesh = {Animals ; India ; Male ; *Animal Distribution ; Female ; *Colubridae/anatomy & histology/classification/growth & development ; Animal Structures/anatomy & histology/growth & development ; Body Size ; Ecosystem ; Organ Size ; Humans ; },
abstract = {We here report on likely human-mediated, stray sightings of Dendrelaphis proarchos (Wall, 1909) in an unnatural range-Surat, Gujarat in western India. This population shows the following characters: (1) vertebral scales distinctly enlarged, larger than the dorsals of the first row; (2) 185-194 ventrals; (3) 139-142 divided subcaudals in complete tails; (4) 15 dorsal scale rows at midbody; (5) cloacal shield undivided; (6) one loreal scale; (7) three supralabials touching the eye; (8) a moderate first sublabial that touches two infralabials; (9) 11-12 temporal scales; (10) preoculars 1 or 2; (11) two or three postoculars; (12) maximum total length 1150 mm; (13) interparietal spot absent; (14) a black temporal stripe that does not starts on the postnasal or loreal but starts on the center of the eye follows postoculars (middle or second postocular) covers the majority of the temporal region and extends onto the neck; (15) a distinct, bright ventrolateral stripe bordered by one black line at the bottom; (16) dorsal interstitial color blue and (17) tongue color red with black tip. Data from a partial fragment of the mitochondrial 16S gene also reveal genetic congruence with published sequences from Sagaing and Ayeyarwady in Myanmar and Mizoram, India, further attesting the morphological conclusions. Absence of any sighting of this form in the wild despite long-term (> 15 years) studies in south Gujarat by us, the lack of previous reports of this population especially in natural habitats in Gujarat by colleagues, and reports of many such stray populations of non-native herpetofauna in the coastal port city of Surat together, indicate an unnatural, probably human-mediated, transportation of D. proarchos to Surat. Such likely human-mediated introductions of species outside their native range are a cause for concern and require awareness campaigns among snake rescuers not to 'release' such snakes in the Gujarat forests, but to keep them in zoos or return to the actual point of wild origin, if known or feasible.},
}

Animals
India
Male
*Animal Distribution
Female
*Colubridae/anatomy & histology/classification/growth & development
Animal Structures/anatomy & histology/growth & development
Body Size
Ecosystem
Organ Size
Humans

@article {pmid39639228,
year = {2024},
author = {Hu, J and Ke, J and Xu, S and Pei, L and Cao, L and Zhou, H and Zhu, X},
title = {The combination of focal breast edema and adjacent vessel sign to assess the behavior of mass-type invasive ductal carcinoma.},
journal = {BMC medical imaging},
volume = {24},
number = {1},
pages = {332},
pmid = {39639228},
issn = {1471-2342},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; *Breast Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging/pathology/complications ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; *Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/diagnostic imaging/pathology/complications ; *Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods ; *Edema/diagnostic imaging/pathology ; Adult ; Aged ; Breast/diagnostic imaging/pathology/blood supply ; Lymphatic Metastasis/diagnostic imaging ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; Neoplasm Grading ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to investigate the association between focal breast edema (FBE) and adjacent vessel sign (AVS) with tumor size, histologic grade, lymphovascular invasion, axillary lymph node status, Ki-67 index, and molecular subtype in breast cancer. These findings have provided valuable insights into the biological characteristics and prognosis of mass-type invasive ductal carcinoma (M-IDC).

METHODS: We retrospectively included patients with M-IDC between January 2016 and December 2021. FBE was evaluated using T2-weighted sequence. AVS was assessed using maximum-intensity projection images obtained using early dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging. The breast peritumor score (BPS) was defined as follows: BPS 1, absence of both edema and AVS; BPS 2, AVS without edema; BPS 3, AVS with peritumoral edema; BPS 4, AVS with prepectoral edema; and BPS 5, AVS with subcutaneous edema. The correlation between different BPS scores and clinicopathological variables was examined using Kendall's tau-b correlation coefficient. The DeLong test was used to compare the performances of three clinicopathological models combined with peritumoral features (FBE, AVS, and BPS) in predicting luminal A-like M-IDC.

RESULTS: In 228 patients with M-IDC, BPS was positively correlated with tumor size, histologic grade, lymphovascular invasion, axillary lymph node status, Ki-67 index, and negatively correlated with estrogen receptor expression (all P < 0.05). Furthermore, BPS 1 was more likely to be present in patients with luminal A-like breast cancer (P < 0.001). Among the three prediction models, the clinicopathological model combined with the BPS model demonstrated superior diagnostic performance for luminal A-like breast cancer.

CONCLUSIONS: The BPS is a valuable, non-invasive biomarker for assessing the aggressiveness of M-IDC and can facilitate treatment planning.},
}

Humans
Female
*Breast Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging/pathology/complications
Middle Aged
Retrospective Studies
*Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/diagnostic imaging/pathology/complications
*Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods
*Edema/diagnostic imaging/pathology
Adult
Aged
Breast/diagnostic imaging/pathology/blood supply
Lymphatic Metastasis/diagnostic imaging
Neoplasm Invasiveness
Neoplasm Grading

@article {pmid39639029,
year = {2024},
author = {Nayak, S and Peto, TJ and Kucharski, M and Tripura, R and Callery, JJ and Quang Huy, DT and Gendrot, M and Lek, D and Nghia, HDT and van der Pluijm, RW and Dong, N and Long, LT and Vongpromek, R and Rekol, H and Hoang Chau, N and Miotto, O and Mukaka, M and Dhorda, M and von Seidlein, L and Imwong, M and Roca, X and Day, NPJ and White, NJ and Dondorp, AM and Bozdech, Z},
title = {Population genomics and transcriptomics of Plasmodium falciparum in Cambodia and Vietnam uncover key components of the artemisinin resistance genetic background.},
journal = {Nature communications},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {10625},
pmid = {39639029},
issn = {2041-1723},
mesh = {*Artemisinins/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; *Plasmodium falciparum/genetics/drug effects ; Cambodia ; *Drug Resistance/genetics ; Humans ; *Malaria, Falciparum/parasitology/drug therapy ; *Antimalarials/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; *Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Vietnam ; Protozoan Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Transcriptome ; Genomics ; Gene Expression Profiling ; },
abstract = {The emergence of Plasmodium falciparum parasites resistant to artemisinins compromises the efficacy of Artemisinin Combination Therapies (ACTs), the global first-line malaria treatment. Artemisinin resistance is a complex genetic trait in which nonsynonymous SNPs in PfK13 cooperate with other genetic variations. Here, we present population genomic/transcriptomic analyses of P. falciparum collected from patients with uncomplicated malaria in Cambodia and Vietnam between 2018 and 2020. Besides the PfK13 SNPs, several polymorphisms, including nonsynonymous SNPs (N1131I and N821K) in PfRad5 and an intronic SNP in PfWD11 (WD40 repeat-containing protein on chromosome 11), appear to be associated with artemisinin resistance, possibly as new markers. There is also a defined set of genes whose steady-state levels of mRNA and/or splice variants or antisense transcripts correlate with artemisinin resistance at the base level. In vivo transcriptional responses to artemisinins indicate the resistant parasite's capacity to decelerate its intraerythrocytic developmental cycle (IDC), which can contribute to the resistant phenotype. During this response, PfRAD5 and PfWD11 upregulate their respective alternatively/aberrantly spliced isoforms, suggesting their contribution to the protective response to artemisinins. PfRAD5 and PfWD11 appear under selective pressure in the Greater Mekong Sub-region over the last decade, suggesting their role in the genetic background of the artemisinin resistance.},
}

*Artemisinins/pharmacology/therapeutic use
*Plasmodium falciparum/genetics/drug effects
Cambodia
*Drug Resistance/genetics
Humans
*Malaria, Falciparum/parasitology/drug therapy
*Antimalarials/pharmacology/therapeutic use
*Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
Vietnam
Protozoan Proteins/genetics/metabolism
Transcriptome
Genomics
Gene Expression Profiling

@article {pmid39637037,
year = {2024},
author = {Jha, A and Chaudhary, RK and Shrivastav, S and Khanal, U},
title = {Ultrasonographic and pathological correlation of asymmetric retroareolar density on mammogram.},
journal = {PloS one},
volume = {19},
number = {12},
pages = {e0301180},
pmid = {39637037},
issn = {1932-6203},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; Middle Aged ; *Mammography/methods ; Adult ; *Breast Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging/pathology ; Aged ; Nipples/diagnostic imaging/pathology ; Mastitis/diagnostic imaging/pathology ; Ultrasonography/methods ; Breast Density ; Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/diagnostic imaging/pathology ; Ultrasonography, Mammary/methods ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Retroareolar region refers to the region within two centimeters from the nipple and/or involves the nipple-areolar complex on mammogram. In this study, we graded asymmetric retroareolar density on mammography and determined the underlying cause.

OBJECTIVES: To identify and grade retroareolar densities and evaluate characteristics of lesion using ultrasonography and histopathology.

METHODS: Mammograms with asymmetric retroareolar density done in our tertiary care hospital were included. Retroareolar density was categorized into three grades based on morphological appearance in mammography. Sonography was performed in all patients and tissue diagnosis was obtained for suspicious lesions.

RESULTS: Of the 100 patients included in the study, most of the patients with mammographic grade 1, grade 2 and 3 retroareolar asymmetry had normal sonography, pathologically proven mastitis and invasive ductal carcinoma, respectively. Presenting indication usually was diagnostic (n = 87), lump being most common. Benign (58%) diagnosis was more often present, with equal number of normal studies and malignancies (21%). Frequently pathologically proven malignant lesions (n = 17) had grade 3 asymmetry and none were grade 1. Invasive ductal carcinoma was the most common malignancy while mastitis the most common benign disease.

CONCLUSIONS: Grade I retroareolar asymmetric density on mammography was normal or had a benign etiology while grade 2 or 3 asymmetric density had underlying pathology, often malignancy.

CONTRIBUTION: Grading retroareolar density in mammogram may improve the evaluation of retroareolar region and increase emphasis on higher grades.},
}

Humans
Female
Middle Aged
*Mammography/methods
Adult
*Breast Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging/pathology
Aged
Nipples/diagnostic imaging/pathology
Mastitis/diagnostic imaging/pathology
Ultrasonography/methods
Breast Density
Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/diagnostic imaging/pathology
Ultrasonography, Mammary/methods

@article {pmid39621168,
year = {2024},
author = {Im, YJ and Yoon, YC and Sung, DH},
title = {Brachial plexopathy due to perineural tumor spread: a retrospective single-center experience of clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatments, and outcomes.},
journal = {Acta neurochirurgica},
volume = {166},
number = {1},
pages = {490},
pmid = {39621168},
issn = {0942-0940},
mesh = {Humans ; Middle Aged ; Female ; Retrospective Studies ; *Brachial Plexus Neuropathies/diagnosis/etiology ; Male ; Adult ; *Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography/methods ; Aged ; *Breast Neoplasms/pathology/diagnostic imaging ; *Peripheral Nervous System Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging/pathology/diagnosis ; Lung Neoplasms/pathology/diagnostic imaging/diagnosis ; Treatment Outcome ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology/diagnostic imaging/diagnosis ; Thyroid Cancer, Papillary/pathology/diagnostic imaging/diagnosis/surgery/therapy ; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 ; Brachial Plexus/pathology/diagnostic imaging ; Adenocarcinoma of Lung/pathology/diagnostic imaging/diagnosis ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Perineural tumor spread (PNTS) to the brachial plexus (BP) is a rare and challenging condition. This study aimed to elucidate the clinical presentations, diagnostic challenges, and outcomes of patients with PNTS to the BP.

METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed patients diagnosed with PNTS to the BP at our institution between January 2009 and June 2024. Clinical characteristics, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), [18]F-fluorodeoxyglucose ([18]F-FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) findings, and treatment outcomes were analyzed.

RESULTS: Seven patients (mean age, 50.3 years) were identified. The primary cancer diagnoses included invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast (n = 3), metaplastic carcinoma of the breast (n = 1), lung adenocarcinoma (n = 2), and papillary thyroid carcinoma (n = 1). The median time from the initial cancer diagnosis to PNTS symptom onset was 71.0 months. All patients initially presented with progressive unilateral pain or paresthesia, followed by motor weakness. Lower trunk plexopathy was the most common electrodiagnostic finding (n = 5). In most patients, BP MRI showed diffuse tubular enlargement and T2 hyperintensity throughout the BP (n = 6), with gadolinium enhancement primarily in the proximal regions (n = 7). [18]F-FDG PET/CT demonstrated increased uptake in the BP, most prominently at the cervical spinal root or trunk levels (n = 6). Despite treatment, neurological outcomes were generally poor. Six of the seven patients died after a median follow-up of 19 months post-PNTS diagnosis.

CONCLUSIONS: PNTS to the BP can occur years after initial cancer diagnosis and may signify cancer progression. A high index of suspicion is crucial for timely diagnosis, particularly in patients with cancer and progressive upper extremity symptoms. Comprehensive imaging, including BP MRI and PET/CT, is essential for diagnosis. Despite treatment, prognosis remains poor, highlighting the need for improved diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.},
}

Humans
Middle Aged
Female
Retrospective Studies
*Brachial Plexus Neuropathies/diagnosis/etiology
Male
Adult
*Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography/methods
Aged
*Breast Neoplasms/pathology/diagnostic imaging
*Peripheral Nervous System Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging/pathology/diagnosis
Lung Neoplasms/pathology/diagnostic imaging/diagnosis
Treatment Outcome
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology/diagnostic imaging/diagnosis
Thyroid Cancer, Papillary/pathology/diagnostic imaging/diagnosis/surgery/therapy
Fluorodeoxyglucose F18
Brachial Plexus/pathology/diagnostic imaging
Adenocarcinoma of Lung/pathology/diagnostic imaging/diagnosis

@article {pmid39616738,
year = {2025},
author = {Rivera, A and Plumber, N and Louis, M and Grabill, N and Strom, P},
title = {Surgical stress as a potential trigger for spontaneous coronary artery dissection: A case report.},
journal = {International journal of surgery case reports},
volume = {126},
number = {},
pages = {110644},
pmid = {39616738},
issn = {2210-2612},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE: Spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) is a rare cause of acute coronary syndrome, predominantly affecting women without traditional cardiovascular risk factors. It is often underdiagnosed, especially in postoperative patients, due to its atypical presentation and the challenges in distinguishing it from other causes of chest pain.

CASE PRESENTATION: We report the case of a 62-year-old woman with type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and recent bilateral mastectomy for invasive ductal carcinoma, who presented three days post-surgery with sudden onset of chest pain radiating to her left arm. Electrocardiography revealed ST-segment depression suggestive of anterior ischemia, and cardiac biomarkers were significantly elevated. Imaging studies were limited due to recent surgery, but urgent coronary angiography identified spontaneous coronary artery dissections.

CLINICAL DISCUSSION: This case highlights the potential role of surgical stress as a precipitating factor for SCAD in patients without traditional cardiovascular risk factors. The physiological stress of major surgery may contribute to arterial wall vulnerability and dissection. Diagnostic challenges in the postoperative setting necessitate a high index of suspicion for timely identification. Conservative management was pursued, aligning with current guidelines that favor non-invasive treatment in stable SCAD cases to prevent further dissection or complications.

CONCLUSION: SCAD should be considered in the differential diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome in postoperative patients presenting with chest pain, even in the absence of significant cardiovascular risk factors. Early recognition and appropriate management are crucial for improving patient outcomes.},
}

@article {pmid39612651,
year = {2024},
author = {Shrestha, LB and Tungatt, K and Aggarwal, A and Stubis, A and Fewings, NL and Fichter, C and Akerman, A and Rodrigo, C and Tedla, N and Lee, S and Lloyd, AR and Brilot, F and Britton, WJ and Kelleher, A and Caterson, ID and Douglas, MW and Rockett, R and Tangye, SG and Triccas, JA and Turville, SG and Sandgren, KJ and Bull, RA and Cunningham, AL and , },
title = {Bivalent Omicron BA.1 vaccine booster increases memory B cell breadth and neutralising antibodies against emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants.},
journal = {EBioMedicine},
volume = {110},
number = {},
pages = {105461},
pmid = {39612651},
issn = {2352-3964},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19 Vaccines/immunology/administration & dosage ; *SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; *Memory B Cells/immunology ; *COVID-19/immunology/prevention & control ; *Antibodies, Viral/immunology ; *Antibodies, Neutralizing/immunology ; *Immunization, Secondary ; *Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/immunology ; Adult ; Female ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Immunologic Memory ; B-Lymphocytes/immunology ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Current literature informs us that bivalent vaccines will generate a broader serum neutralizing antibody response to multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants, but studies on how this breadth relates to the memory B cell (MBC) and T cell responses are sparse. This study compared breadth of neutralising antibody, and memory B and T cell responses to monovalent or a bivalent ancestral/Omicron BA.1 COVID-19 booster vaccine.

METHODS: At baseline and 1-month post-booster, neutralisation activity and frequencies of receptor binding domain (RBD)-specific MBCs and Spike-specific memory T cells were measured against a panel of variants.

FINDINGS: Both vaccines boosted neutralising antibodies to 5 variants - Wuhan-Hu-1, Delta, BA.1, BA.5 and JN.1, the latter of which had not yet emerged at the time of sample collection. The bivalent vaccine induced a significantly larger increase in nAb against BA.1 and JN.1. Both vaccines boosted RBD-specific MBC responses to Wuhan-Hu-1, Delta, BA.1 and BA.5 variants with a significantly greater increase for BA.1 in the bivalent group. The breadth of MBCs was significantly higher in those who received the bivalent boost and correlated with nAb breadth. Both vaccines significantly boosted Spike-specific T cell responses to the Wuhan-Hu-1 and BA.5 variants, but only the bivalent vaccine boosted BA.1 responses.

INTERPRETATION: These results suggest that the bivalent vaccine confers an advantage against future novel variants due to increased frequency of broadly reactive RBD-specific B cells.

FUNDING: Work supported by NSW Health for the NSW Vaccine, Infection and Immunology Collaborative (VIIM).},
}

Humans
*COVID-19 Vaccines/immunology/administration & dosage
*SARS-CoV-2/immunology
*Memory B Cells/immunology
*COVID-19/immunology/prevention & control
*Antibodies, Viral/immunology
*Antibodies, Neutralizing/immunology
*Immunization, Secondary
*Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/immunology
Adult
Female
Male
Middle Aged
Immunologic Memory
B-Lymphocytes/immunology

@article {pmid39610583,
year = {2024},
author = {Yasin, R and Zafar, G and Rooman Ali Syed, F and Afzal, S and Fatima, M and Rathore, Z and Chughtai, A and Chughtai, A},
title = {CK5/6 Expression in Molecular Subtypes of Invasive Ductal Carcinoma.},
journal = {Cureus},
volume = {16},
number = {10},
pages = {e72608},
pmid = {39610583},
issn = {2168-8184},
abstract = {Background Breast cancer (BC) is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in women worldwide. There has been a significant increase in the incidence of BC in Pakistan. Family history, older age, obesity, tobacco use, oral contraceptive use, early menarche, and hormonal replacement therapy are among the major risk factors. The most common histological subtype of BC is invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC). Molecular subtypes of BC include mainly Luminal A, Luminal B, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2) enriched, and triple-negative BC subtypes, with the triple-negative subtype having the worst prognosis. CK5/6 serves as a basal keratin biomarker. This aimed to assess the expression of CK5/6 in IDC of the breast belonging to different molecular classes and to compare its expression with traditionally defined prognostic factors for different molecular subtypes. Methodology A cross-sectional, observational study was conducted at the Chughtai Institute of Pathology after approval from the Institutional Review Board (approval number: 1198/IRB/CIP). All cases during a period of six months (April 2023 to September 2023) were sampled using non-probability convenient sampling. All mastectomy samples diagnosed as IDC were included in the study. After standard tissue processing, paraffin tissue blocks and slides were prepared followed by hematoxylin & eosin staining. Hormonal receptors (estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, HER-2) were assessed for cases to segregate them into molecular subtypes. CK5/6 antibody was then applied and the data were collected on a pre-designed proforma. SPSS version 25.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA) was used for data analysis. Results Of a total of 85 cases, 19 (22.3%) were positive for CK5/6. Of these 19 cases, the majority (68%, p = 0.001) belonged to the triple-negative class of tumors, comprising 13 cases. No case from the Luminal A class showed expression for CK5/6 stain (p = 0.028). Overall, four cases of the Luminal B subtype showed CK5/6 positivity (10.8%, p = 0.022) while two cases of the HER-2-enriched subtype were positive for the stain (33.3%, p > 0.05). These results were analyzed in relation to different prognostic factors. The majority of CK5/6-positive cases showed lymphovascular invasion (42%) and belonged to grade 3 tumors (57.8%). Conclusions The expression of CK5/6 in IDC of the breast is associated with poor prognostic factors such as triple-negative molecular subtypes, high histological grade, lymphovascular invasion, positive nodal status, and high pathological stage.},
}

@article {pmid39605123,
year = {2024},
author = {Noroozpoor, M and Mozdarani, H and Rahbar Parvaneh, R and Lashkari, M},
title = {Evaluation of TP53TG1 and PANDA lncRNAs expression in association with adjuvant chemotherapy response in the peripheral blood of invasive ductal carcinoma patients.},
journal = {Cellular and molecular biology (Noisy-le-Grand, France)},
volume = {70},
number = {10},
pages = {58-63},
doi = {10.14715/cmb/2024.70.10.9},
pmid = {39605123},
issn = {1165-158X},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant ; *RNA, Long Noncoding/genetics/blood ; *Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy/genetics/blood ; Middle Aged ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects ; Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/drug therapy/genetics/blood ; Adult ; Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics/blood ; },
abstract = {Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women. Breast cancer, the second leading cause of cancer deaths, affects 2.1 million women each year and is estimated to have killed 627,000 women worldwide in 2018. Unfortunately, the age of onset of this cancer in our country IRAN is about 10 years lower than the global average and is close to 45 years. Chemotherapy is one of the basic treatments for cancer. Predicting the benefits of chemotherapy is challenging. Studies are now underway to use gene expression tests to pinpoint patients who are most likely to benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy. In the present study, the expression of two long non-coding RNAs TP53TG1 and PANDA in the blood of breast cancer patients before and after receiving chemotherapy compared with this amount in the blood of normal people using Real-Time RT PCR technique to find a meaningful relationship ¬ Compared statistically. Compared to normal samples, the expression level of TP53TG1 in the blood of patients was reduced. Although it was not statistically significant. Its expression also increased after receiving chemotherapy. Compared to normal samples, the expression of PANDA in the blood of patients was increased, which was statistically significant. Also, its expression decreased after receiving chemotherapy. These findings suggest that PANDA and TP53TG1 expression levels may be possible markers associated with tumorigenesis and may also be considered as possible indicators of response to chemotherapy.},
}

Humans
Female
Chemotherapy, Adjuvant
*RNA, Long Noncoding/genetics/blood
*Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy/genetics/blood
Middle Aged
*Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/drug therapy/genetics/blood
Adult
Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics/blood

@article {pmid39593081,
year = {2024},
author = {Trippler, L and Ali, SM and Masoud, MO and Mohammed, ZH and Amour, AK and Suleiman, KR and Ame, SM and Kabole, F and Hattendorf, J and Knopp, S},
title = {Impact of chemical snail control on intermediate host snail populations for urogenital schistosomiasis elimination in Pemba, Tanzania: findings of a 3-year intervention study.},
journal = {Parasites & vectors},
volume = {17},
number = {1},
pages = {489},
pmid = {39593081},
issn = {1756-3305},
support = {PR00P3_179753 / 1//Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; Tanzania/epidemiology ; *Schistosomiasis haematobia/prevention & control/epidemiology/drug therapy/transmission ; *Schistosoma haematobium/drug effects/physiology ; *Bulinus/parasitology ; Humans ; *Niclosamide/pharmacology ; Snails/parasitology ; Disease Eradication ; Fresh Water/parasitology ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The World Health Organization (WHO) has set the goal of eliminating schistosomiasis as a public health problem globally by 2030 and to interrupt transmission in selected areas. Chemical snail control is one important measure to reduce transmission and achieve local elimination. We aimed to assess the impact of several rounds of chemical snail control on the presence and number of the Schistosoma haematobium intermediate snail host (Bulinus spp.) in water bodies (WBs) on Pemba Island, Tanzania, a setting targeted for elimination of urogenital schistosomiasis.

METHODS: During the three annual intervention periods of the SchistoBreak study implemented in the north of Pemba from 2020 to 2024, malacological surveys were conducted up to four times per period in WBs of hotspot implementation units (IUs). Present freshwater snail species, vegetation, and WB characteristics were recorded. If Bulinus were found, the snails were inspected for Schistosoma infection and snail control with niclosamide was conducted.

RESULTS: Across the three intervention periods, a total of 112 WBs were identified in 8 hotspots IUs. The spatial distribution of WBs with Bulinus per IU was heterogeneous, ranging from 0.0% (0/15) of WBs infested in one IU in 2022 to 80.0% (8/10) of WBs infested in one IU in 2021. Bulinus presence was significantly associated with lower pH values in WBs (odds ratio: 0.2, 95% confidence interval 0.1-0.4). A total of 0.2% (6/2360) of collected Bulinus were shedding Schistosoma cercariae. Following snail control, the number of Bulinus decreased or remained absent in 56.7% (38/67) of visits at WBs when compared with the previous visit in 2021, 54.9% (28/51) in 2022, and 33.3% (32/96) in 2023. In a total of 43.1% (22/55) of initially infested WBs, no Bulinus were found in the survey round conducted a few weeks after the first application of niclosamide. However, 25.4% (14/55) of WBs showed a pattern of recurring Bulinus presence.

CONCLUSIONS: The distribution of WBs containing Bulinus was very heterogeneous. The percentage of Bulinus with patent Schistosoma infection in our study area was extremely low. Repeated niclosamide application reduced the number of Bulinus in WBs, but snails often recurred after one or multiple treatments. While chemical mollusciciding can reduce snail numbers, to fully break the S. haematobium transmission cycle, timely diagnosis and treatment of infected humans, access to clean water, sanitation, and health communication remain of prime importance.

TRIAL REGISTRATION: ISRCTN, ISRCTN91431493. Registered 11 February. 2020, https://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN91431493.},
}

Animals
Tanzania/epidemiology
*Schistosomiasis haematobia/prevention & control/epidemiology/drug therapy/transmission
*Schistosoma haematobium/drug effects/physiology
*Bulinus/parasitology
Humans
*Niclosamide/pharmacology
Snails/parasitology
Disease Eradication
Fresh Water/parasitology