@article {pmid39845069,
year = {2022},
author = {Xavier, J and Pham, CT and Cheah, H and Wong, K and Di Lernia, S},
title = {Bladder injury during laparoscopic appendectomy: Detection, management, and learning point for surgical trainees.},
journal = {Surgery in practice and science},
volume = {9},
number = {},
pages = {100075},
pmid = {39845069},
issn = {2666-2620},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic appendectomy is one of the most common emergency surgeries. There is a paucity in the literature regarding the incidence and management of iatrogenic bladder injuries. We reviewed a series of iatrogenic bladder injuries during laparoscopic appendectomy to determine incidence, preventable risk factors and management.

METHODS: We performed a retrospective review of laparoscopic appendectomy at two large regional teaching hospitals over a five-year period from February 2014 to February 2019. The outcomes measured included intra-operative data, such as type of port used and surgeon experience, incidence of iatrogenic bladder injury, mechanism and time of bladder injury recognition, management and clinical outcome.

RESULTS: A total of 1147 patients underwent laparoscopic appendectomy. Two iatrogenic bladder injuries secondary to port placement were identified (0.17%). Both procedures were performed after-hours by surgical trainees. There was no previous history of abdominal surgery. Neither patient had an indwelling catheter (IDC) during the procedure. There were no other visceral or major vascular injuries. Both bladder injuries were identified in the early post-operative period. One case was managed conservatively, whilst the other required laparoscopic repair of the bladder perforation.

CONCLUSION: Bladder injury should be suspected in patients with abdominal pain, elevated creatinine and anuria following laparoscopic surgery. Although iatrogenic bladder injury during laparoscopic appendectomy is rare, it has the potential for considerable patient morbidity. Therefore, adequate laparoscopic supervision and specific counselling on port access injuries for surgical trainees, adequate bladder decompression with an IDC, and early detection and management guided by the location of injury are essential.},
}

@article {pmid39843553,
year = {2025},
author = {Nishida, H and Kato, A and Kaimori, R and Kawamura, K and Daa, T},
title = {Relationship between androgen receptor and androgen receptor-related protein expression in breast cancers focusing on morphologically identified carcinoma with apocrine differentiation.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {2892},
pmid = {39843553},
issn = {2045-2322},
mesh = {Humans ; *Receptors, Androgen/metabolism ; Female ; Middle Aged ; *Breast Neoplasms/pathology/metabolism ; Aged ; Adult ; Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism ; Receptor, ErbB-2/metabolism ; Receptors, Progesterone/metabolism ; Receptors, Estrogen/metabolism ; Apocrine Glands/pathology/metabolism ; Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/metabolism/pathology ; Cell Differentiation ; Immunohistochemistry ; Aged, 80 and over ; },
abstract = {Breast cancer (BC) is classified based on the expression of histopathological markers, namely, estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PgR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). Carcinomas with apocrine differentiation (CAD) are classified based on morphology. Androgen receptor (AR) is highly expressed in CAD; however, no study has comprehensively examined AR-related proteins in CAD. Therefore, we examined the expression of AR-related proteins and AR, compared protein expression patterns between morphologically identified CAD and other BC subtypes, and investigated CAD characteristics. We performed immunohistochemistry for AR and various AR-related proteins in 66 invasive ductal carcinoma (32 ER+/PgR+/HER2-, 8 ER+/PgR+/HER2+, 12 ER-/PgR-/HER2+, and 14 ER-/PgR-/HER2- [triple-negative breast cancer)), 21 invasive lobular carcinoma, and 27 CAD cases. In the CAD group, all cases were AR-positive; some AR-related proteins were highly expressed. Nuclear phosphorylated-mammalian target of rapamycin was highly expressed in CAD cases compared with that in other BC groups, with a 33.3% sensitivity and 97.7% specificity. AR-expressing CAD cases exhibited high expression of other AR-related proteins. Specifically, the combination of AR+, GCDFP15+, and ER - or AR+, FOXA1+, and ER - may be useful for the diagnosis and treatment of AR-positive BC and CAD. These results may assist in androgen-related molecular targeted therapy research.},
}

Humans
*Receptors, Androgen/metabolism
Female
Middle Aged
*Breast Neoplasms/pathology/metabolism
Aged
Adult
Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
Receptor, ErbB-2/metabolism
Receptors, Progesterone/metabolism
Receptors, Estrogen/metabolism
Apocrine Glands/pathology/metabolism
Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/metabolism/pathology
Cell Differentiation
Immunohistochemistry
Aged, 80 and over

@article {pmid39840900,
year = {2025},
author = {Bergqvist, M and Lässer, C and Crescitelli, R and Park, KS and Lötvall, J},
title = {A Non-Centrifugation Method to Concentrate and Purify Extracellular Vesicles Using Superabsorbent Polymer Followed by Size Exclusion Chromatography.},
journal = {Journal of extracellular vesicles},
volume = {14},
number = {1},
pages = {e70037},
doi = {10.1002/jev2.70037},
pmid = {39840900},
issn = {2001-3078},
support = {2021-03538//Vetenskapsrådet/ ; 20210707//Hjärt-Lungfonden/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *Extracellular Vesicles/chemistry/metabolism ; *Chromatography, Gel/methods ; HEK293 Cells ; *Polymers/chemistry ; Ultracentrifugation/methods ; },
abstract = {Extracellular vesicles (EVs) can be isolated and purified from cell cultures and biofluids using different methodologies. Here, we explored a novel EV isolation approach by combining superabsorbent polymers (SAP) in a dialysis membrane with size exclusion chromatography (SEC) to achieve high concentration and purity of EVs without the use of ultracentrifugation (UC). Suspension HEK293 cells transfected with CD63 coupled with Thermo Luciferase were used to quantify the EV yield and purity. The 500 mL conditioned medium volume was initially reduced by pressure ultrafiltration, followed by UC, SAP or a centrifugal filter unit (CFU). Using either of these methods, the EVs were concentrated to a final volume of approximately 1 mL, with retained functionality. The yield, quantified by luciferase activity, was highest with UC (70%-80%), followed by SAP (60%-70%) and CFU (50%-60%). Further purification of the EVs was performed by iodixanol density cushion (IDC) or SEC (Sepharose CL-2B or 6B, in either 10 or 20 mL columns). Although the IDC and Sepharose CL-2B (10 mL) achieved the highest yields, the purity was slightly higher (30%) with IDC. In conclusion, combining SAP concentration with CL-2B SEC is an alternative and efficient way to isolate EVs without using UC.},
}

Humans
*Extracellular Vesicles/chemistry/metabolism
*Chromatography, Gel/methods
HEK293 Cells
*Polymers/chemistry
Ultracentrifugation/methods

@article {pmid39840193,
year = {2024},
author = {Watanabe, R and Miura, N and Kurata, M and Kitazawa, R and Kikugawa, T and Saika, T},
title = {Genetic Analysis of Intraductal Carcinoma of the Prostate Detected in High-Grade Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia Cases.},
journal = {Cureus},
volume = {16},
number = {12},
pages = {e76165},
pmid = {39840193},
issn = {2168-8184},
abstract = {Background The accurate diagnosis of intraductal carcinoma of the prostate (IDC-P) is occasionally challenging due to the similarity in pathological morphology between IDC-P and high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN). In this report, we reviewed the pathology of cases previously diagnosed as HGPIN to search for IDC-P cases effectively. In addition, we examined whether those cases had genetic abnormalities. Methods We reviewed 98 patients with HGPIN who underwent prostatectomy at our hospital between 2011 and 2021. They were reviewed by three pathologists to search for IDC-P findings by adding immunostaining for basement membrane markers. Genetic testing of prostatectomy specimens was performed to identify the presence of gene mutations. Results The typical IDC-P was diagnosed in two of the 98 patients. The Gleason score of background prostate cancer (PCa) was 4+5 and 4+4. Genetic testing revealed several mutations in DNA repair-related genes, such as CHEK2, FANCC, TOE1, RECQL, USG2A, and PRPF31. The pathological significance of these mutations has conflicting interpretations, as referenced in the ClinVar. Conclusions IDC-P cases can be identified from past HGPIN cases, and cases with genetic abnormalities of conflicting pathological significance can be efficiently detected. Accurate diagnosis of IDC-P enables early intervention with precision medicine for PCa. It is useful to pay attention to HGPIN cases to avoid missing true IDC-P.},
}

@article {pmid39839240,
year = {2025},
author = {Zhao, X},
title = {Breast Suspicious Microcalcifications on Contrast-Enhanced Mammograms: Practice and Reflection.},
journal = {International journal of general medicine},
volume = {18},
number = {},
pages = {273-280},
pmid = {39839240},
issn = {1178-7074},
abstract = {PURPOSE: To evaluate the use of contrast enhanced mammography (CEM) in suspicious microcalcifications and to discuss strategies to cope with its diagnostic limitations.

METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated patients with suspicious calcifications who underwent CEM at our institution. We collected and analyzed morphological findings, enhancement patterns and pathological findings of suspicious microcalcifications on CEM. A small proportion of these cases underwent dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI). The enhancement patterns of CEM in this study were classified into three categories: enhancement, no enhancement, and indeterminate. CEM imaging was independently analyzed by two breast imaging specialists.

RESULTS: A total of 44 patients with 46 lesions were collected from January 2022 to July 2024. Overall, 20 cases (43.5%) microcalcifications showed enhancement on CEM; 23 (50.0%) showed no enhancement; and 3 (6.5%) were indeterminate. Of the 20 enhancement cases, mass enhancement was seen in 9 (45%), and non-mass enhancement (NME) in 11 (55%). DCE-MRI was performed in 13 cases. One case of invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) showed enhancement on MRI but was indeterminate on CEM due to the masking effect of background parenchymal enhancement (BPE), and one case of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) lacked enhancement on CEM but had significant enhancement on MRI.

CONCLUSION: CEM provides additional information on the enhancement associated with breast suspicious microcalcifications. It is not perfect for diagnosis and strategies are needed to cope with its limitations.},
}

@article {pmid39834421,
year = {2025},
author = {Prasad, SL and Gudipalli, A},
title = {An effective range estimation and state-of-charge to mitigate range anxiety in electric vehicles.},
journal = {Heliyon},
volume = {11},
number = {1},
pages = {e41494},
doi = {10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e41494},
pmid = {39834421},
issn = {2405-8440},
abstract = {This article presents a performance investigation of the range and state of electric charge vehicles based on different drive cycles and analyzed. Range anxiety is the major concern in electric vehicles globally. To mitigate the range anxiety issue by reducing the energy consumption in electric vehicles further reduces the range-related problem, and the state of charge reduces the demand for driver's power. The drive cycles predict, optimize, and simulate the performance range of Ev's real-world driving conditions. This research thoroughly focuses on the performance range of electric vehicles incorporated with the state of charge based on various standard drive cycles. A drive cycle plays a vital role in estimating energy consumption (EC) per km. There are many standard drive cycles World Wide Harmonized Light Vehicles Test Procedure (WLTP Class-3), the New European Drive Cycle (NEDC), the Modified Indian Drive Cycle (MIDC), the Indian Drive Cycle (IDC) used to investigate and evaluate Electric vehicle (EVs) performance range and state of charge (SoC). Range obtained from above drive WLTP Class-3, NEDC, MIDC, and IDC drive cycles 135.1123.8115.7 and 101.5 km, respectively. Due to improved road conditions, the WLTP Class-3 drive cycle offers more than the others. Due to road conditions, the IDC drive cycle offers a shorter range of 101.5 km.},
}

@article {pmid39833820,
year = {2025},
author = {Cao, F and Li, Q and Xiong, T and Zheng, Y and Zhang, T and Jin, M and Song, L and Xing, N and Niu, Y},
title = {Prognostic value of intraductal carcinoma subtypes and postoperative radiotherapy for localized prostate cancer.},
journal = {BMC urology},
volume = {25},
number = {1},
pages = {10},
pmid = {39833820},
issn = {1471-2490},
support = {NSFC 82170783//the National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; NSFC 82170783//the National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; NSFC 82170783//the National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; NSFC 82170783//the National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; Male ; *Prostatic Neoplasms/radiotherapy/pathology/surgery/mortality ; Retrospective Studies ; Aged ; Prognosis ; Middle Aged ; *Prostatectomy ; Radiotherapy, Adjuvant ; Carcinoma, Ductal/radiotherapy/mortality/pathology/surgery ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Intraductal carcinoma of the prostate cancer (IDC-P), as a specific pathological type in prostate cancer which usually implies a poor prognosis. IDC-P morphology can be divided into two subtypes: Pattern 1, sieve like or loose cribriform structures; Pattern 2, solid or dense cribriform structures. The purpose of the study is to identify the impact of IDC-P and its subtypes on the prognosis of patients undergoing post-operative radiotherapy (PORT) after radical prostatectomy (RP) due to localized prostate cancer(PCa).

METHODS: We performed a retrospective study of patients with localized PCa treated by RP followed by PORT or not. Patients with localized PCa who underwent RP from August 2013 to December 2020 were included in this study.

INCLUSION CRITERIA: post-operative PSA dropped to less than 0.1 ng/ml after RP, had at least 1 poor prognostic risk factor (including high Gleason's grouping; positive surgical margins; seminal vesicle invasion; extraprostatic extension; and lympho-vascular invasion), and were eligible for adjuvant radiotherapy.; In this study, patients who underwent salvage radiotherapy after RP due to biochemical recurrence (two consecutive PSA > 0.2 ng/ml) were also included, but not patients with persistent postoperative PSA > 0.1 ng/ml.

EXCLUSION CRITERIA: patients using other types of therapy prior to biochemical recurrence. Screening cases with pathological results of intraductal carcinoma, subtyping was completed by a pathologist, grouped by intraductal carcinoma (+/-; pattern 1/ 2) and treatment regimen (RP + PORT / RP only), Kaplan-Meier curves were plotted based on the time to biochemical recurrence-free and overall survival of the patients, and Cox regression analyses were performed. Finally, based on the results of Cox regression analysis, we initially predicted the probability of biochemical recurrence and death of the patients by plotting the nomogram.

RESULTS: A total of 139 patients were included in this study with a median follow-up of 61.5 months. K-M curves showed that patients with "IDC-P (+) RP only" had the worst prognosis; patients with IDC-P could have a survival benefit after receiving PORT; whereas patients with non-intraductal carcinoma had a better prognosis than the above patients with or without PORT. In addition, patients with IDC-P(+) pattern 2 were more likely to experience biochemical recurrence and death. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that pattern 2 was a risk factor for biochemical recurrence and death. Other BCR-related risk factors in the research: Gleason grading group 5 (HR = 3.343, 95% CI: 1.616-6.916, P = 0.001), PM (HR = 2.124, 95% CI: 1.044-4.320,P = 0.038) and PORT (HR = 0.266, 95%CI: 0.109-0.647, P = 0.004). Other OS-related risk factors in the research: Grading group 5 (HR = 3.642, 95%CI:1.475-8.991, P = 0.005), SVI (HR = 2.522, 95% CI: 1.118-5.691, P = 0.026) and PORT (HR = 0.319, 95%CI: 0.107-0.949, P = 0.040).

CONCLUSION: Patients suffering from localized prostate cancer with IDC-P(+), especially IDC-P pattern 2, are more susceptible to biochemical recurrence and death after radical prostatectomy. While postoperative radiotherapy can alleviate the negative prognostic impact from IDC-P. It is implied that IDC-P can also be an indicator to be considered in PORT decision making to some extent.},
}

Humans
Male
*Prostatic Neoplasms/radiotherapy/pathology/surgery/mortality
Retrospective Studies
Aged
Prognosis
Middle Aged
*Prostatectomy
Radiotherapy, Adjuvant
Carcinoma, Ductal/radiotherapy/mortality/pathology/surgery

@article {pmid39829405,
year = {2025},
author = {Mansour, A and Ben-David, BM and Sasson, A and Farraj, J and Mansour, A and Roth, Y and Icht, M},
title = {Association between oral feeding versus enteral feeding and cerumen impaction in older hospitalized adults: A retrospective cohort study.},
journal = {JPEN. Journal of parenteral and enteral nutrition},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1002/jpen.2724},
pmid = {39829405},
issn = {1941-2444},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Chewing involves jaw movements that propel cerumen along the ear canal. This mechanism may be reduced in dysphagia, especially for older individuals who are enterally fed. Those patients may be at a higher risk for cerumen impaction and may require longer hospital stays. Examining the relationship between diet type, cerumen impaction, and hospital stay duration was the focus of the present study.

METHODS: We performed a retrospective cohort study (not registered) among 114 hospitalized older adults. Data were collected on diet type: (1) oral feeding (individuals fed a solid diet or a pureed diet) or (2) enteral feeding (individuals fed via a feeding tube). The results of an otoscopy that quantified cerumen were recorded, as well as hospital stay duration.

RESULTS: In a mediation analysis, a hospital stay of >1 month was associated with an increased risk of enteral feeding, which in turn, increased the risk of cerumen impaction. Analysis indicated that the link between longer hospitalization and a more severe level of cerumen impaction was fully mediated by diet type (enteral feeding).

CONCLUSIONS: Enteral feeding seems to be a risk factor for cerumen impaction, rather than merely hospitalization length, in our sample of geriatric patients. These results highlight the importance of continuous monitoring by ear, nose, and throat specialists, as well as regular auditory assessments for patients who are enterally fed for early detection and treatment of cerumen impaction. Particular attention should be paid to cases of prolonged hospitalization, which is associated with the severity of dysphagia.},
}

@article {pmid39827461,
year = {2025},
author = {Matta, L and Weber, P and Erener, S and Walth-Hummel, A and Hass, D and Bühler, LK and Klepac, K and Szendroedi, J and Guerra, J and Rohm, M and Sterr, M and Lickert, H and Bartelt, A and Herzig, S},
title = {Chronic intermittent fasting impairs β cell maturation and function in adolescent mice.},
journal = {Cell reports},
volume = {44},
number = {2},
pages = {115225},
doi = {10.1016/j.celrep.2024.115225},
pmid = {39827461},
issn = {2211-1247},
abstract = {Intermittent fasting (IF) is a nutritional lifestyle intervention with broad metabolic benefits, but whether the impact of IF depends on the individual's age is unclear. Here, we investigated the effects of IF on systemic metabolism and β cell function in old, middle-aged, and young mice. Short-term IF improves glucose homeostasis across all age groups without altering islet function and morphology. In contrast, while chronic IF is beneficial for adult mice, it results in impaired β cell function in the young. Using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), we delineate that the β cell maturation and function scores are reduced in young mice. In human islets, a similar pattern is observed in type 1 (T1D), but not type 2 (T2D), diabetes, suggesting that the impact of chronic IF in adolescence is linked to the development of β cell dysfunction. Our study suggests considering the duration of IF in younger persons, as it may worsen rather than reduce diabetes outcomes.},
}

@article {pmid39822422,
year = {2024},
author = {Aleksiev, T and Popov, V and Dobrev, H},
title = {Radiation-Associated Herpes Zoster: A Clinical Case.},
journal = {Cureus},
volume = {16},
number = {12},
pages = {e75857},
doi = {10.7759/cureus.75857},
pmid = {39822422},
issn = {2168-8184},
abstract = {Herpes zoster (HZ) is a viral infection caused by the reactivation of endogenous and latent varicella-zoster virus that remains dormant in the cranial nerve or dorsal root ganglia. HZ occurs in a portion of the general population, with a higher incidence observed in high-risk individuals. Patients with impaired immunity, including human immunodeficiency virus infection, organ transplantation, old age, and cancer-related treatments such as chemotherapy (CT) and radiotherapy (RT) were found more prone to HZ infection. We present a case of a 50-year-old patient who underwent a surgical excision of an invasive ductal carcinoma of the right breast. Following 15 fractions of RT, the patient presented with HZ appearing in the radiation field. The patient was treated successfully with Acyclovir, and RT was continued while on maintenance therapy with antiviral drugs. This case presents the importance of early diagnosis and the right choice of treatment in cancer patients and HZ due to the higher risk of complications and further development of the primary condition.},
}

@article {pmid39821030,
year = {2025},
author = {Bullock, E and Brunton, VG},
title = {E-Cadherin-Mediated Cell-Cell Adhesion and Invasive Lobular Breast Cancer.},
journal = {Advances in experimental medicine and biology},
volume = {1464},
number = {},
pages = {259-275},
pmid = {39821030},
issn = {0065-2598},
mesh = {Humans ; *Cadherins/metabolism/genetics ; *Breast Neoplasms/pathology/genetics/metabolism ; Female ; *Carcinoma, Lobular/pathology/genetics/metabolism ; *Cell Adhesion/genetics ; Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition/genetics ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; Antigens, CD/genetics/metabolism ; Adherens Junctions/metabolism ; },
abstract = {E-cadherin is a transmembrane protein and central component of adherens junctions (AJs). The extracellular domain of E-cadherin forms homotypic interactions with E-cadherin on adjacent cells, facilitating the formation of cell-cell adhesions, known as AJs, between neighbouring cells. The intracellular domain of E-cadherin interacts with α-, β- and p120-catenins, linking the AJs to the actin cytoskeleton. Functional AJs maintain epithelial tissue identity and integrity. Transcriptional downregulation of E-cadherin is the first step in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a process essential in development and tissue repair, which, in breast cancer, can contribute to tumour progression and metastasis. In addition, loss-of-function mutations in E-cadherin are a defining feature of invasive lobular breast cancer (also known as invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC)), the second most common histological subtype of breast cancer. ILC displays a discohesive, single-file invasive growth pattern due to the loss of functional AJs. Despite being so prevalent, until recently there has been limited ILC-focused research and historically ILC patients have often been excluded from clinical trials. Despite displaying a number of good prognostic indicators, such as low grade and high rates of estrogen receptor positivity, ILC patients tend to have similar or poorer outcomes relative to the most common subtype of breast cancer, invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC). In ILC, E-cadherin loss promotes hyperactivation of growth factor receptors, in particular insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor, anoikis resistance and synthetic lethality with ROS1 inhibition. These features introduce clinical vulnerabilities that could potentially be exploited to improve outcomes for ILC patients, for whom there are currently limited tailored treatments available.},
}

Humans
*Cadherins/metabolism/genetics
*Breast Neoplasms/pathology/genetics/metabolism
Female
*Carcinoma, Lobular/pathology/genetics/metabolism
*Cell Adhesion/genetics
Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition/genetics
Neoplasm Invasiveness
Antigens, CD/genetics/metabolism
Adherens Junctions/metabolism

@article {pmid39821022,
year = {2025},
author = {Nair, I and Behbod, F},
title = {Models for Studying Ductal Carcinoma In Situ Progression.},
journal = {Advances in experimental medicine and biology},
volume = {1464},
number = {},
pages = {95-108},
pmid = {39821022},
issn = {0065-2598},
mesh = {Humans ; *Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/pathology/therapy ; *Disease Progression ; *Breast Neoplasms/pathology ; Female ; Tumor Microenvironment ; Models, Biological ; Animals ; Extracellular Matrix/metabolism/pathology ; Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology ; },
abstract = {An estimated 55,720 new cases of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) will be diagnosed in 2023 in the USA alone because of the increased use of screening mammography. The treatment goal in DCIS is early detection and treatment with the hope of preventing progression into invasive disease. Previous studies show progression into invasive cancer as well as reduction in mortality from treatment is not as high as previously thought. So, are we overdiagnosing and over-treating DCIS? An understanding of the natural progression of DCIS is paramount to address this. The purpose of this chapter is to describe various models that have been developed to simulate the processes involved in DCIS to invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) transition. While each model possesses a unique set of strengths and weaknesses, they have collectively contributed to the current understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying this transition. Even though much has been learned, continued advancement of the current models to best match the composition of DCIS epithelial and stromal microenvironment including the extracellular matrix (ECM), stromal cell types, and immune microenvironment will be essential. These advances will undoubtedly pave the way toward a full understanding of mechanisms associated with progression and in predicting when a DCIS lesion remains indolent and when triggers tip in the balance toward progression to malignancy.},
}

Humans
*Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/pathology/therapy
*Disease Progression
*Breast Neoplasms/pathology
Female
Tumor Microenvironment
Models, Biological
Animals
Extracellular Matrix/metabolism/pathology
Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology

@article {pmid39820625,
year = {2025},
author = {Klein, C and Anract, J and Pinar, U and Lacroix, X and Mansour, R and Robert, G and Delongchamps, NB},
title = {Comparative study of HoLEP in elderly patients with indwelling catheters: a retrospective dual-center study.},
journal = {World journal of urology},
volume = {43},
number = {1},
pages = {75},
pmid = {39820625},
issn = {1433-8726},
mesh = {Humans ; Retrospective Studies ; Male ; Aged, 80 and over ; *Catheters, Indwelling ; Aged ; *Prostatic Hyperplasia/surgery ; Treatment Outcome ; Postoperative Complications/epidemiology ; Prostatectomy/methods ; Urinary Catheterization ; Lasers, Solid-State/therapeutic use ; Urinary Catheters ; },
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: This study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of HoLEP in patients aged > 85 years with indwelling catheter (IDC).

METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed our bicentric HoLEP database to identify consecutive patients with IDC and trial without catheter (TWOC) failure who underwent surgery between June 2012 and April 2020. Our primary focus was on the population over 85 years of age; Patients under 70 years of age were used as controls. We evaluated the rate of postoperative spontaneous micturition, adverse events and mortality, as well as catheterization duration, hospital stay, and rate of urinary incontinence.

RESULTS: In total, 144 patients were included, with 71 (49.3%) and 73 (50.8%) in the ≥ 85 and control group, respectively. The median [IQR] prostatic volume and Charlson score was 90 [70-130] vs. 90 [65-120] mL and 6 [5-7] vs. 3 [2-4] in the ≥ 85 and control groups, respectively. Postoperatively, the rates of major complications (2% vs. 3%) and transfusion (11% vs. 9%) were not significantly different. The median length of stay (2 [1-3] vs. 1 [1-2]; p = 0.03) and rate of TWOC failure during hospitalization (24% vs. 5%, p < 0.001) were significantly higher in the ≥ 85 group. At 3 months and one year follow-up visits, 0 and 10 patients (14.1%) in the ≥ 85 group and 0 and 2 patients (3%) in the control group died, respectively. One year after surgery, 69 (97%) and 73 (100%) (p = 0.2) patients in the ≥ 85 and control groups, respectively, could void spontaneously.

CONCLUSION: HoLEP is a safe and effective procedure for elderly patients with indwelling catheters. At one year, 97% of patients achieved spontaneous voiding, while the urinary incontinence rate was 11%. The 1-year mortality rate was 14%, comparable to that of the general male population of the same age.},
}

Humans
Retrospective Studies
Male
Aged, 80 and over
*Catheters, Indwelling
Aged
*Prostatic Hyperplasia/surgery
Treatment Outcome
Postoperative Complications/epidemiology
Prostatectomy/methods
Urinary Catheterization
Lasers, Solid-State/therapeutic use
Urinary Catheters

@article {pmid39815412,
year = {2025},
author = {Wankhade, R and Bhake, A and Bankar, N and Tiwade, Y},
title = {Evaluation of Ki67 in pathological prognostic staging of breast cancer: a tertiary care center study.},
journal = {Journal of immunoassay & immunochemistry},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-15},
doi = {10.1080/15321819.2025.2451211},
pmid = {39815412},
issn = {1532-4230},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The rising global burden of breast cancer demands early detection and effective treatment, with a focus on prognostic and predictive markers. The eighth edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer staging manual introduced a new prognostic staging system to increase the predictive power of the existing anatomical staging system of breast cancer. The current study aimed to establish the correlation between Ki67 expression with molecular subtypes and with the pathological prognostic stage of invasive ductal carcinoma.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 40 patients were included in the study with samples from 32 modified radical mastectomies and 8 biopsies. Hematoxylin and Eosin staining, histopathological analysis and Ki67 immunostaining were conducted. Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were performed.

RESULTS: Bloom Richardson Grade II was the predominant histological grade. In Grade II cases, 15 of 24 had a Ki67 labeling index of 26-45%, while 6 exceeded 45% (p = 0.001). Pathological prognostic staging reclassified 27 cases, with 24 (75%) downstaged, 3 (9.38%) upstaged, and 5 (15.63%) retaining their clinical stage.

CONCLUSIONS: Ki67 immunohistochemistry is an effective tool for assessing proliferative activity of invasive ductal carcinoma, aiding in pathological prognostic stage stratification and offering insights into tumor biology.},
}

@article {pmid39815122,
year = {2025},
author = {Sossa-Melo, C and Abello-Polo, V and Salazar, LA and Peña, AM and Luna-González, M and Cuervo-Lozada, D and Quintero-Vega, GE and Daza, J and Omaña-Orduz, OP and Mantilla, W and Perdomo, I and Galvez, K and Díaz-Correa, LM and Guerrero-Burbano, PA and Herrera, JM and Idrobo, H and Gaviria, LM and Correa-Correa, ME and Lobatón, J and Bermúdez, CD and Pedraza-Morales, JE and Serrano-Casas, JC and Jaramillo, F and Gómez, R and Rosales, C and Solano, MH and Varón, C and Rodríguez-Veiga, R and Martínez-Cuadrón, D and Montesinos, P},
title = {Characteristics, outcomes and treatment patterns in acute myeloid leukemia patients 60 years or older in Colombia: a RENEHOC-PETHEMA study.},
journal = {Annals of hematology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {39815122},
issn = {1432-0584},
abstract = {There is a limited information available on the clinical characteristics, treatment patterns and outcomes on older patients diagnosed with Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) in Latin-America. This multicenter retrospective study analyzed 269 patients over 60 years of age diagnosed with AML in Colombia, using data from RENEHOC-PETHEMA registry, from 2009 to 2023. The median age at diagnosis was 70 years (Range:60-98), 55% were men, 61% had an ECOG < 2, and 75.5% had de novo AML. FLT3-ITD or NPM1 mutations were performed in 23.4% and 15.6% patients, and detected in 14.3% and 16.7% of cases, respectively. Treatment included intensive chemotherapy (IC) (36.8%), Low-Intensity Regimen Based on Low-Dose Cytarabine (LDAC-based) (12.6%), hypomethylating agents (HMAs, with/without venetoclax) (35.3%), and supportive care (15.2%). The overall survival (OS) rate was 35.2% at 1 year and 5.6% at 5 years (13.7% for IC, 9.4% for LDAC-based, and 0% for other treatments); with median OS of 8.2 months (10.6 months after IC, 8.8 months after non-IC, 8.9 months after azacitidine/decitabine, 8.2 months after azacitidine-venetoclax, and 1.9 months with supportive care). Only 1.5% of patients underwent a transplant in the first line. The Leukemia-free survival (LFS) rate was 45.8% at 1-year and 13.7% at 5-years (22.4% for IC, 9.4% and 0% for other treatments); with median LFS of 9.5 months (17.3 months after IC, 7.4 months after LDAC-based, and 10.8 months after HMA). This study provides new insights into the management of patients in Colombia, highlighting the need for a highly individualized approach in treating AML in elderly patients.},
}

@article {pmid39814814,
year = {2025},
author = {Hu, J and Dong, J and Yang, X and Ye, Z and Hu, G},
title = {Erythrocyte modified controlling nutritional status as a biomarker for predicting poor prognosis in post-surgery breast cancer patients.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {2071},
pmid = {39814814},
issn = {2045-2322},
support = {No. LY23H160002//Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; *Breast Neoplasms/surgery/pathology/blood/mortality ; *Nutritional Status ; Middle Aged ; Prognosis ; *Erythrocytes/metabolism/pathology ; Retrospective Studies ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; Disease-Free Survival ; Adult ; Biomarkers, Tumor/blood ; Aged ; Kaplan-Meier Estimate ; },
abstract = {Nutrition and inflammation are closely related to prognosis in breast cancer patients. However, current nutritional and inflammatory measures predict disease free survival (DFS) of breast cancer are still different, and the most predictive measures remain unknown. This study aimed to compare the predictive effects of commonly used nutritional and inflammatory measures on DFS and to improve existing nutritional or inflammatory measures in order to develop a new model that is more effective for predicting postoperative recurrence and metastasis in breast cancer patients. The clinical data of 536 female breast cancer patients with invasive ductal carcinoma who underwent surgery at Shaoxing People's Hospital from January 2012 to December 2018 were retrospectively evaluated. The predictive effects of nutritional and inflammatory indicators on DFS were evaluated. Machine learning was used to evaluate and rank laboratory indicators, select relatively important variables to modify nutritional or inflammatory indicators with the best predictive power, and evaluate their predictive role in patients' postoperative recurrence and metastasis. Among various metrics predicting DFS, the CONUT score emerged paramount with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.667. Interestingly, the combination of the erythrocyte levels with the CONUT score (ECONUT) achieved the highest AUC (0.722). The Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that the group exhibiting high ECONUT scores experiencing a notably poorer DFS. ECONUT was identified as an independent risk factor for postoperative DFS (P < 0.001). The ECONUT model could provide an effective assessment tool for predicting DFS in breast cancer patients.},
}

Humans
Female
*Breast Neoplasms/surgery/pathology/blood/mortality
*Nutritional Status
Middle Aged
Prognosis
*Erythrocytes/metabolism/pathology
Retrospective Studies
Neoplasm Recurrence, Local
Disease-Free Survival
Adult
Biomarkers, Tumor/blood
Aged
Kaplan-Meier Estimate

@article {pmid39812957,
year = {2025},
author = {Wei, C and Li, H and Li, J and Liu, Y and Zeng, J and Tian, Q},
title = {Machine learning-based prognostic modeling and surgical value analysis of de novo metastatic invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast.},
journal = {Updates in surgery},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {39812957},
issn = {2038-3312},
support = {No.81960441//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; No.20232BAB206100//Jiangxi Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; },
abstract = {Whether primary lesion surgery improves survival in patients with de novo metastatic breast cancer (dnMBC) is inconclusive. We aimed to establish a prognostic prediction model for patients with de novo metastatic breast invasive ductal carcinoma (dnMBIDC) based on machine learning algorithms and to investigate the value of primary site surgery. The data used in our study were obtained from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database (SEER, 2010-2021) and the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University (1st-NCUH, June 2013-June 2023). We used COX regression analysis to identify prognostic factors. We divided patients into training and validation groups and constructed Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) prognostic prediction model. In addition, we used propensity score matching (PSM), K-M survival analysis, and COX regression analysis to explore the survival benefit of patients undergoing primary lesion surgery. A total of 13,383 patients were enrolled, with 13,326 from SEER and 57 from 1st-NCUH. The results showed that XGboost had good predictive ability (training set C-index = 0.726, 1 year AUC = 0.788, 3 year AUC = 0.774, 5 year AUC = 0.774; validation set C-index = 0.723, 1 year AUC = 0.785.1, 3 year AUC = 0.770, 5 year AUC = 0.764), which has better predictive power than the Coxph model. We used Shiny-Web to make our model easily available. Furthermore, we found that surgery was associated with a better prognosis in dnMBIDC patients. Based on the XGboost, we can accurately predict the survival of dnMBIDC patients, which can provide a reference for clinicians to treat patients. In addition, surgery may bring survival benefits to dnMBIDC patients.},
}

@article {pmid39806949,
year = {2025},
author = {Gallas, AE and Morenikeji, GO and King, RE and Adegbaju, MS and Ayoola, A and Taiwo, G and Morenikeji, OB},
title = {An Overview of Invasive Ductal Carcinoma (IDC) in Women's Breast Cancer.},
journal = {Current molecular medicine},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.2174/0115665240349468241113065031},
pmid = {39806949},
issn = {1875-5666},
abstract = {Invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) is the most common type of breast cancer, primarily affecting women in the United States and across the world. This review summarizes key concepts related to IDC causes, treatment approaches, and the identification of biological markers for specific prognoses. Furthermore, we reviewed many studies, including those involving patients with IDC and ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) that progressed to IDC. We reported various studies on the causes of IDC, including mutations on BRCA1 and BRCA2, different levels of expression of specific genes in signaling pathways, menopause status, alcohol consumption, aging, and hormone imbalances that cause IDC while p-SMAD4 expressions, DNA methylation, regulations of hub genes, and underestimation of IDC affecting prognoses. Prompt IDC diagnosis and early intervention have been reported to demonstrate a greater probability of eradicating IDC and preventing further recurrence in the future. It is crucial for physicians and researchers to equip patients with the best information possible to proactively manage their health, whether it be for IDC prevention or treatment. Overall, our review provided a comprehensive understanding of IDC that enables patients to grasp the nature of the disease with the hope of mitigating IDC risk, decrease the anxiety of a cancer diagnosis, and encourage patients to become more involved in making informed decisions for their healthcare.},
}

@article {pmid39805165,
year = {2025},
author = {Michelon, I and Castro, CER and Madeira, T and Dacoregio, MI and Stecca, C and Soares, LR and Saeed, A and Vilbert, M and Cavalcante, L},
title = {Trastuzumab deruxtecan in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive breast cancer brain metastases: A systematic review and updated meta-analysis.},
journal = {Cancer treatment reviews},
volume = {133},
number = {},
pages = {102882},
doi = {10.1016/j.ctrv.2025.102882},
pmid = {39805165},
issn = {1532-1967},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Trastuzumab deruxtecan (T-DXd) has shown promising activity in patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive breast cancer (BC) and central nervous system (CNS) involvement. In this updated meta-analysis, we explore the effectiveness of T-DXd in a large subset of patients with HER2-positive BC and CNS disease.

METHODS: A systematic search was made on September 16th, 2024, for studies investigating T-DXd in the scenario of HER2-positive BC and brain metastases (BMs) and/or leptomeningeal disease (LMD). We used random effects models for all statistical analyses.

RESULTS: We included 18 studies with 786 HER2-positive BC patients with CNS involvement (16 studies with 750 BMs patients and three studies with 36 LMD patients). We observed high overall antitumor responses (objective response rate [ORR], 60.4 %; disease control rate [DCR], 94.4 %; and clinical benefit rate [CBR], 79.3 %) and a 12-month PFS of 64.7 % and OS of 82.7 %. Intracranial ORR, DCR, and CBR were seen in 62.2 %, 88.6 %, and 68.6 % of patients, respectively, and 67.4 % achieved intracranial PFS at 12 months. Both stable and active BMs subgroups derived similar benefit from T-DXd. Better intracranial responses were seen for 33 patients with untreated BMs compared to 56 patients with previously treated or progressing lesions (odds ratio 3.82, 95 % confidence interval 1.3-10.8, p = 0.01). For the LMD group, T-DXd elicited intracranial ORR and CBR in 59.4 % and 94.1 % of patients, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS: This updated meta-analysis continues to support the overall and intracranial activity of T-DXd in patients with HER2-positive BC and CNS involvement, including those with LMD.},
}

@article {pmid39804847,
year = {2025},
author = {Wang, K and Fischer, A and Maccio, U and Zitzmann, K and Robledo, M and Lauseker, M and Bauer, J and Bechmann, N and Gahr, S and Maurer, J and Peischer, L and Reul, A and Nieß, H and Zimmermann, P and Ilmer, M and Schilbach, K and Knösel, T and Kroiss, M and Fassnacht, M and Müller, SA and Morand, GB and Huber, A and Vetter, D and Lehmann, K and Kulcsar, Z and Mohr, H and Pellegata, NS and Hantel, C and Reincke, M and Beuschlein, F and Pacak, K and Grossman, AB and Auernhammer, CJ and Nölting, S},
title = {Impact of sex hormones on pheochromocytomas, paragangliomas, and gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors.},
journal = {European journal of endocrinology},
volume = {192},
number = {1},
pages = {46-60},
doi = {10.1093/ejendo/lvae163},
pmid = {39804847},
issn = {1479-683X},
support = {314061271 - TRR 205//German Research Foundation/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *Pheochromocytoma/metabolism/pathology/drug therapy ; Female ; *Adrenal Gland Neoplasms/metabolism/pathology/drug therapy ; *Neuroendocrine Tumors/metabolism/pathology/drug therapy ; Male ; *Gonadal Steroid Hormones/pharmacology ; *Pancreatic Neoplasms/metabolism/pathology/drug therapy ; *Paraganglioma/metabolism/genetics/pathology/drug therapy ; *Intestinal Neoplasms/pathology/metabolism ; *Stomach Neoplasms/metabolism/pathology/drug therapy ; Middle Aged ; Estradiol/pharmacology ; Testosterone/pharmacology/metabolism ; Adult ; Progesterone/pharmacology/metabolism ; Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate/metabolism ; Cell Survival/drug effects ; Tumor Cells, Cultured ; Estrogen Receptor alpha/metabolism/genetics ; },
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: The effects of sex hormones remain largely unexplored in pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas (PPGLs) and gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP-NETs).

METHODS: We evaluated the effects of estradiol, progesterone, Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), and testosterone on human patient-derived PPGL/GEP-NET primary culture cell viability (n = 38/n = 12), performed next-generation sequencing and immunohistochemical hormone receptor analysis in patient-derived PPGL tumor tissues (n = 36).

RESULTS: In PPGLs, estradiol and progesterone (1 µm) demonstrated overall significant antitumor effects with the strongest efficacy in PPGLs with NF1 (cluster 2) pathogenic variants. Estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) positivity was detected in 11/36 PPGLs, including 4/4 head-and-neck paragangliomas (HNPGLs). ERα-positive tumors responded with a significant cell viability decrease to estradiol. DHEAS and testosterone (1 µm) displayed no effects, but higher doses of testosterone (10 µm) demonstrated significant antitumor effects, including a pheochromocytoma lung metastasis with strong androgen receptor positivity (30%). Driven by the antitumor effects of estrogen, we evaluated G-protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) agonist G-1 as a potential therapeutic option for PPGLs and found strong significant antitumor potential, with the strongest efficacy in tumors with NF1 pathogenic variants. Moreover, we detected sex-related differences-tumors from male patients showed significantly stronger responsivity to G-1 compared with tumors from female patients. In GEP-NETs, sex hormones showed overall no effects, especially no tumor growth-promoting effects.

CONCLUSION: We provide novel data on the effects of elevated sex hormone levels, potentially seen during pregnancy or hormone replacement therapy, on PPGL/GEP-NET tumor growth. G-1 might offer a novel therapeutic approach for some PPGLs depending on patient's sex and the individual tumor's genetic/molecular background. All HNPGLs showed ERα positivity.},
}

Humans
*Pheochromocytoma/metabolism/pathology/drug therapy
Female
*Adrenal Gland Neoplasms/metabolism/pathology/drug therapy
*Neuroendocrine Tumors/metabolism/pathology/drug therapy
Male
*Gonadal Steroid Hormones/pharmacology
*Pancreatic Neoplasms/metabolism/pathology/drug therapy
*Paraganglioma/metabolism/genetics/pathology/drug therapy
*Intestinal Neoplasms/pathology/metabolism
*Stomach Neoplasms/metabolism/pathology/drug therapy
Middle Aged
Estradiol/pharmacology
Testosterone/pharmacology/metabolism
Adult
Progesterone/pharmacology/metabolism
Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate/metabolism
Cell Survival/drug effects
Tumor Cells, Cultured
Estrogen Receptor alpha/metabolism/genetics

@article {pmid39799921,
year = {2025},
author = {Fu, J and Wang, J and Ma, Z and Yuan, D and Zhang, Y and Wang, L and Luo, Y},
title = {CaCO3-coated indoxacarb deep eutectic solvent complexed with diatomaceous earth improves insecticidal activity against the red imported fire ants.},
journal = {Ecotoxicology and environmental safety},
volume = {289},
number = {},
pages = {117709},
doi = {10.1016/j.ecoenv.2025.117709},
pmid = {39799921},
issn = {1090-2414},
abstract = {The red imported fire ants (RIFAs) are a globally important invasive pest that severely affects the ecosystem and human health, and its current control is primarily through chemical pesticides. However, the extensive use of chemical pesticides causes environmental problems, and alternative strategies for controlling this pest are being explored. In our study, we aimed to design a deep eutectic solvent (DES)-CaCO3 system in which RIFAs were used as target insects to increase the lethal activity and behavioural regulation effects on RIFAs via contact and feeding. Indoxacarb (IDC) was made into DESs with three fatty acids, oleic acid (OA), linoleic acid (LA), and linolenic acid (LNA), which showed a significant increase in lethal activity against worker ants compared with IDC. OA@IDC@CaCO3, LA@IDC@CaCO3, and LNA@IDC@CaCO3 nanoparticles were prepared via interfacial precipitation. Characterization of the structures of the three pesticide-carrying nanoparticles revealed that all three fatty acid eutectic solvents formed spherical CaCO3 nanoparticles, with average particle sizes between 0.59 and 0.90 μm, which increased with increasing degree of fatty acid unsaturation. The pesticide loading ranged from 2.13 %⁓3.43 %, and the surfaces were all positively charged and well dispersed. OA@IDC@CaCO3 was relatively more effective and was able to dramatically inhibit the abandonment and foraging behaviours of RIFAs, prolong the time required for these behaviours, and decrease the number of feeding worker ants and the amount of food consumed. OA@IDC@CaCO3 was subsequently compounded with diatomaceous earth (DA), and spiked into baits, which significantly increased the contact and feeding activity of worker ants, inhibited the feeding, digging, and corpse-discarding behaviours of RIFAs. In the field trial, the combined control effect of the DA + OA@IDC@CaCO3 group was 83.38 %, which was greater than the 69.65 % of the commercial agent control group. In this study, IDC bait was co-prepared by using acid as a comelting solvent, CaCO3 as a coating, and DA as a pesticide adjuvant, which improved the activity against RIFAs, prolonged the holding period of IDC, and improved the prevention and control of RIFAs. Therefore, our research provides a simple and feasible approach for designing and constructing novel nanopesticides for RIFAs control.},
}

@article {pmid39795975,
year = {2024},
author = {Caca, J and Bartelt, A and Egea, V},
title = {Hypoxia Regulates Brown Adipocyte Differentiation and Stimulates miR-210 by HIF-1α.},
journal = {International journal of molecular sciences},
volume = {26},
number = {1},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/ijms26010117},
pmid = {39795975},
issn = {1422-0067},
mesh = {*MicroRNAs/genetics/metabolism ; *Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit/metabolism/genetics ; Animals ; *Adipocytes, Brown/metabolism ; *Cell Differentiation/genetics ; Mice ; Thermogenesis/genetics ; Cell Hypoxia ; },
abstract = {MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short sequences of single-stranded non-coding RNAs that target messenger RNAs, leading to their repression or decay. Interestingly, miRNAs play a role in the cellular response to low oxygen levels, known as hypoxia, which is associated with reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress. However, the physiological implications of hypoxia-induced miRNAs ("hypoxamiRs") remain largely unclear. Here, we investigate the role of miR-210 in brown adipocyte differentiation and thermogenesis. We treated the cells under sympathetic stimulation with hypoxia, CoCl2, or IOX2. To manipulate miR-210, we performed reverse transfection with antagomiRs. Adipocyte markers expression, lipid accumulation, lipolysis, and oxygen consumption were measured. Hypoxia hindered BAT differentiation and suppressed sympathetic stimulation. Hypoxia-induced HIF-1α stabilization increased miR-210 in brown adipocytes. Interestingly, miR-210-5p enhanced differentiation under normoxic conditions but was insufficient to rescue the inhibition of brown adipocyte differentiation under hypoxic conditions. Although adrenergic stimulation activated HIF-1α signaling and upregulated miR-210 expression, inhibition of miR-210-5p did not significantly influence UCP1 expression or oxygen consumption. In summary, hypoxia and adrenergic stimulation upregulated miR-210, which impacted brown adipocyte differentiation and thermogenesis. These findings offer new insights for the physiological role of hypoxamiRs in brown adipose tissue, which could aid in understanding oxidative stress and treatment of metabolic disorders.},
}

*MicroRNAs/genetics/metabolism
*Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit/metabolism/genetics
Animals
*Adipocytes, Brown/metabolism
*Cell Differentiation/genetics
Mice
Thermogenesis/genetics
Cell Hypoxia

@article {pmid39795812,
year = {2025},
author = {Cieślik, M and Orlikowski, J and Krakowiak, S and Żakowski, K},
title = {Dynamic Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy in Galvanostatic Mode as a Tool for Passive Layer State Monitoring in a Chloride Solution Under a Mechanical Load.},
journal = {Materials (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {18},
number = {1},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/ma18010167},
pmid = {39795812},
issn = {1996-1944},
abstract = {Mechanical stress is one of the factors influencing the initiation of pitting corrosion and deterioration of the protective properties of the passive layer on stainless steel. The tests carried out on AISI 304L stainless steel showed that, in the 3.5% NaCl environment for samples loaded in the elastic and plastic range, no pitting corrosion initiation was observed. Only mechanical damage of the passive layer occurred. Galvanodynamic electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (g-DEIS) was used as the measuring technique. This technique ensures the monitoring of corrosion processes at zero external current (IDC = 0) and no potential perturbation of the system. It also allows one to perform many measurements, so that short-term changes such as cracking of the layer and its repassivation are possible to monitor.},
}

@article {pmid39795579,
year = {2024},
author = {Khasawneh, AI and Himsawi, N and Alorjani, M and Al-Momani, H and Shahin, U and Sammour, A and Saleh, T and Al-Momani, H and Khasawneh, R and Al Shboul, S},
title = {Triple Viral Infections in Advanced Breast Cancer: Insights from a Three-Case Report and Literature Review.},
journal = {Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/diagnostics15010051},
pmid = {39795579},
issn = {2075-4418},
support = {745/56/2022//Deanship of Scientific Research, The Hashemite University/ ; },
abstract = {Background and clinical significance: Viral infections are typically considered contributing or secondary factors in the development of breast cancer. Case presentation: This case report presents three instances of advanced breast cancer associated with triple viral infections. Case 1 involves a 78-year-old woman diagnosed with grade 2 invasive ductal carcinoma positive for HPV-18, CMV, and BLV. Case 2 describes a 39-year-old woman with grade 2 invasive ductal carcinoma, positive for HPV-16, CMV, and BLV. Case 3 is a 52-year-old woman with grade 3 invasive ductal carcinoma, positive for HPV-16, BLV, and MMTV. These cases suggest a possible correlation between viral co-infections and breast cancer aggressiveness, posing new questions about the role of viral infections in cancer development and prognosis. Conclusions: The findings contribute to growing evidence that viral infections may influence the progression and therapeutic response of breast cancer, warranting further investigation into targeted preventive measures including vaccinations.},
}

@article {pmid39790830,
year = {2024},
author = {Rajput, P and Datta, D and Aggarwal, D and Kushwah, R and Kumar, R},
title = {Atypical Presentation of Carcinoma Breast as Paraneoplastic Cerebellar Degeneration on [18F]FDG PET/CT.},
journal = {Indian journal of nuclear medicine : IJNM : the official journal of the Society of Nuclear Medicine, India},
volume = {39},
number = {4},
pages = {325-326},
pmid = {39790830},
issn = {0972-3919},
abstract = {Paraneoplastic neurological syndrome (PNS) represents a rare group of central nervous system disorders that are unrelated to direct tumor invasion or metastasis but may be triggered by an immune system reaction to a neoplasm or malignant tumor. In many patients, PNS is diagnosed before identifying the primary cancer. In such instances, positron emission tomography/computed tomography scan can assess individuals with suspected PNS enabling the detection of hidden malignancies. We share an interesting image of paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration in a case of invasive ductal carcinoma breast.},
}

@article {pmid39788307,
year = {2025},
author = {Doan, VTH and Imai, T and Kawazoe, N and Chen, G and Yoshitomi, T},
title = {Regulation of antigen presentation and interleukin 10 production in murine dendritic cells via the oxidative stimulation of cell membrane using a polycation-porphyrin-conjugate-immobilized cell culture dish.},
journal = {Acta biomaterialia},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.actbio.2025.01.004},
pmid = {39788307},
issn = {1878-7568},
abstract = {Tolerogenic dendritic cells with professional antigen presentation via major histocompatibility complex molecules, co-stimulatory molecules (CD80/86), and interleukin 10 production have attracted significant attention as cellular therapies for autoimmune, allergic, and graft-versus-host diseases. In this study, we developed a cell culture dish equipped with polycation-porphyrin-conjugate-immobilized glass (PA-HP-G) to stimulate immature murine dendritic cell (iDCs). Upon irradiation with a red light at 635 nm toward the PA-HP-G surface, singlet oxygen was generated by the immobilized porphyrins on the PA-HP-G surface. When iDCs were cultured on the PA-HP-G surface, moderate light irradiation generated lipid radicals without excessive generation of reactive oxygen species in the cytoplasm and nucleus, which led to the oxidative stimulation of the iDC cell membrane without cell death. Light irradiation changed the morphology of dendritic cells on the PA-HP-G surface to a tree-like structure with dendrites, accelerated their maturation, and enhanced the antigen-presenting ability for the ovalbumin peptide via major histocompatibility complex class I molecules. Additionally, the antigen-presenting dendritic cells on the PA-HP-G surface produced the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin 10 upon light irradiation. These results indicated that upon moderate light irradiation, the PA-HP-G surface regulated the maturation of iDCs into tolerogenic dendritic cells. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: • Cell culture dish is developed for selective oxidative stimulus of cell membrane. • [1]O2 is generated from polycation/porphyrin-immobilized glass by light irradiation. • Lipid radicals are generated without generation of ROS in cytoplasm and nuclei. • Immature dendritic cells are maturated by oxidative stimulation of cell membrane. • Oxidative membrane stimulus enhances antigen-presentation and IL-10 secretion.},
}

@article {pmid39781192,
year = {2025},
author = {Liu, C and Xing, H},
title = {Occult breast cancer in an older woman: A case report.},
journal = {Experimental and therapeutic medicine},
volume = {29},
number = {2},
pages = {38},
pmid = {39781192},
issn = {1792-1015},
abstract = {Occult breast cancer (OBC) is a relatively rare clinical condition that can complicate differential diagnosis efforts and delay the administration of specific treatments. The individualized therapy of patients with OBC should be performed based on their clinical symptoms, imaging findings and pathological diagnosis. The present case study describes a 51-year-old woman with a painless left axillary tumor. The axillary lymph nodes of the patient were affected by invasive ductal carcinoma, as determined by histological analysis. However, the primary lesion was missed by numerous testing. The patient underwent surgery and testing for positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT). The present study comprehensively examined this case and offered a systematic analysis of the relevant scholarly works on the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of OBC. Ultrasonography revealed the presence of three homogenous hypoechoic masses with irregular margins in the left axilla of the patient. PET/CT scanning identified multiple enlarged left axillary hypermetabolic lymph nodes. After that, the patient underwent a nipple-sparing mastectomy and an axillary lymphadenectomy. With the lymph nodes showing metastatic, infiltrating ductal carcinoma from the breast, ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast diagnosis was supported by a histological examination. Immunohistochemical staining revealed that resected lymph nodes were positive for both estrogen and progesterone receptors, consistent with the status of the breast as the primary tumor site. Following surgery, the patient underwent adjuvant chemotherapy treatment. At 12 months post-surgery, the patient remained well without evidence of disease. OBC cases lack the typical clinical and imaging findings associated with breast cancer, and a combination of axillary lymph node examination and immunohistochemistry is essential for accurately diagnosing affected patients. Ensuring the best patient outcomes necessitates accurate and prompt diagnosis, achieved by thorough physical examination, cautious utilization of diagnostic tools, personalized surgical interventions and histological investigation.},
}

@article {pmid39779351,
year = {2025},
author = {Gao, Y and Wang, J and Wang, S and Tao, W and Duan, R and Hao, J and Gao, M},
title = {Development and validation of a nomogram to predict survival after neoadjuvant chemotherapy in elderly women with triple-negative invasive ductal breast cancer: A SEER population-based study.},
journal = {Saudi medical journal},
volume = {46},
number = {1},
pages = {43-51},
doi = {10.15537/smj.2025.46.1.20240341},
pmid = {39779351},
issn = {1658-3175},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; *Nomograms ; Aged ; *Neoadjuvant Therapy ; *SEER Program ; *Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy/mortality/pathology ; Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/drug therapy/mortality/pathology ; Aged, 80 and over ; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant ; Survival Rate ; },
abstract = {OBJECTIVES: To construct and verify a nomogram for post-neoadjuvant chemotherapy survival predication in elderly women with triple-negative invasive ductal breast cancer.

METHODS: Elderly patients diagnosed as triple-negative invasive ductal breast cancer between 2019-2000 were screened from surveillance, epidemiology, and end results database. Depending on the post-neoadjuvant chemotherapy pathological response, they were assigned to the complete or non-complete response group. Inter-group clinicopathological characteristics and disease-specific and overall survivals were compared. Then, they were allocated randomly into the training or validation cohort. A prediction nomogram was developed in the training cohort and verified in the validation cohort.

RESULTS: A total of 382 patients were included, with 285 patients in non-response group and 97 patients in response group. After propensity score matching, disease-specific survival showed a significant difference between response and non-response groups (88.7% versus 64.6%, p<0.001). The training cohort included 196 patients and the validation cohort included 82 patients. A total of 7 variables (age, race, tumor location, tumor-node-metastasis stage, summary stage, receipt of surgery, and response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy) were integrated to construct a survival prediction nomogram. The C-indexes were 0.756 in the training cohort and 0.791 in the validation cohort. In both cohorts, the predicted survival showed satisfactory coherence with the actual survival in the calibration curve analysis.

CONCLUSION: In elderly women with triple-negative invasive ductal breast cancer, post-neoadjuvant chemotherapy pathological complete response could indicate improved disease-specific survival. A novel survival prediction nomogram was created to have satisfactory performance in these patients.},
}

Humans
Female
*Nomograms
Aged
*Neoadjuvant Therapy
*SEER Program
*Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy/mortality/pathology
Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/drug therapy/mortality/pathology
Aged, 80 and over
Chemotherapy, Adjuvant
Survival Rate

@article {pmid39776839,
year = {2024},
author = {Liang, R and Lian, J and Zhang, J and Jing, J and Bian, J and Xu, J and He, X and Yu, S and Zhou, Q and Jiang, J},
title = {The benefits of contrast-enhanced ultrasound in the differential diagnosis of suspicious breast lesions.},
journal = {Frontiers in medicine},
volume = {11},
number = {},
pages = {1511200},
doi = {10.3389/fmed.2024.1511200},
pmid = {39776839},
issn = {2296-858X},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) shows potential for the differential diagnosis of breast lesions in general, but its effectiveness remains unclear for the differential diagnosis of lesions highly suspicious for breast cancers.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic value of CEUS in differentiating pathological subtypes of suspicious breast lesions defined as category 4 of US-BI-RADS.

METHODS: The dataset of 150 breast lesions was prospectively collected from 150 patients who underwent routine ultrasound and CEUS examination and were highly suspected of having breast cancers. All lesions were pathologically confirmed by US-guided needle biopsy and surgery. The qualitative features and the quantitative parameters of CEUS of these breast lesions were analyzed. The CEUS and biopsy examinations were performed after informed consent.

RESULTS: In the qualitative features, crab clam-like enhancement, the presence of more than two enhanced vessels within lesions, and surrounding enriched vessels inserting into lesions were able to differentiate atypical fibroadenomas (FIB) and mass-like non-puerperal mastitis (NPM) from invasive ductal carcinomas (IDC) and ductal carcinomas in situ (DCIS) (p < 0.05). The enlarged scope, irregular shape, and perfusion deficiency were valuable to the differential diagnosis of FIB from the others (p < 0.05). In the four quantitative parameters of CEUS, only the peak intensity (IMAX) contributed to the differential diagnosis between malignant and benign tumors (p < 0.05, ROCAUC: 0.61, sensitivity: 60.4% and specificity: 65.9%, accuracy: 62.1%). However, IMAX did not show any difference in the paired comparison of IDC, DCIS, FIB, and NPM (p > 0.05). The logistic regression analysis results showed that heterogeneous perfusion, crab clam-like enhancement, and partial_ IMAX were independent risk factors for benign and malignant breast lesions (p < 0.05). The area under a receiver operating characteristic of the integrated model was 0.89. In the diagnosis of benign and malignant pathological subtypes of breast lesions, independent risk factors and integrated models had no statistical significance in the diagnosis of IDC and DCISs, FIB, and NPM (p > 0.05).

CONCLUSION: Some qualitative risk features of CEUS can distinguish malignant breast lesions from NPM and atypical FIB with a high score of US-BI-RADS, aiding physicians to reduce the misdiagnosis of suspicious breast lesions in clinical practice.},
}

@article {pmid39773413,
year = {2025},
author = {Ben-David, BM and Bressler, TE and Ring, L and Shimon-Raz, O and Palgi, Y},
title = {Trauma echoes: factors associated with peritraumatic distress and anxiety five days following Iranian missile attack on Israel.},
journal = {European journal of psychotraumatology},
volume = {16},
number = {1},
pages = {2446070},
doi = {10.1080/20008066.2024.2446070},
pmid = {39773413},
issn = {2000-8066},
mesh = {Humans ; Israel/epidemiology ; Female ; Male ; *Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/epidemiology ; Iran ; Middle Aged ; Adult ; *Anxiety Disorders/epidemiology ; Prevalence ; Anxiety/epidemiology/psychology ; Aged, 80 and over ; Aged ; },
abstract = {Introduction: On 13-14 April 2024, Iran launched ∼300 drones and missiles at Israel, in an unprecedented attack. As most studies examine the effects of trauma months or years later, less is known about its effects days later. To fill this gap, this study gauged the population response, five days after the attack. Specifically, we examined the prevalence and factors associated with two precursors for later development of PTSD, peritraumatic distress (PD) and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD).Methods: Five-hundred and fifty-three participants (Mage = 57.51, SD = 13.67 years, range [30-90], 48.3% females) reported their distal and proximal exposure to traumatic events, probable PTSD due to Israel-Hamas-War, sleeping troubles, and media information consumption during the event.Results: Logistic regressions indicated that, after adjusting for demographics, clinical levels of PD and GAD (respectively, using the accepted cutoffs) were significantly linked to probable PTSD due to the Israel-Hamas War (PD:OR = 4.066, 95%CI: 2.236-7.393, p < .001; GAD:OR = 2.397, 95%CI: 1.285-4.471, p = .006), sleeping troubles (PD:OR = 1.248, 95%CI: 1.186-1.314, p < .001; GAD:OR = 1.325, 95%CI: 1.242-1.413, p < .001) and media consumption (PD:OR = 1.442, 95%CI:1.17-1.777, p = .001; GAD:OR = 1.515, 95%CI: 1.144-2.007, p = .004), but not to previous trauma (life-long exposure or Israel-Hamas war).Discussion: Results suggest that previous psychopathology, stress-related reactions (sleeping) and actions (media consumption), rather than previous exposures to traumatic events are the primary indices related to PD and GAD in the first days after exposure to war-related traumatic events. Findings highlight the importance of early detection of reactions and symptoms following trauma exposure. The main limitation of the study is its cross-sectional design. Future longitudinal studies are needed to understand the developmental trajectory of these effects.},
}

Humans
Israel/epidemiology
Female
Male
*Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/epidemiology
Iran
Middle Aged
Adult
*Anxiety Disorders/epidemiology
Prevalence
Anxiety/epidemiology/psychology
Aged, 80 and over
Aged

@article {pmid39750113,
year = {2025},
author = {Kim, DHS and Sonni, I and Grogan, T and Sisk, A and Murthy, V and Hsu, W and Sung, K and Lu, DS and Reiter, RE and Raman, SS},
title = {Quantitative 3-T Multiparametric MRI Parameters as Predictors of Aggressive Prostate Cancer.},
journal = {Radiology. Imaging cancer},
volume = {7},
number = {1},
pages = {e240011},
doi = {10.1148/rycan.240011},
pmid = {39750113},
issn = {2638-616X},
mesh = {Humans ; *Prostatic Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging/pathology/surgery ; Male ; *Multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods ; Retrospective Studies ; Middle Aged ; Prostatectomy/methods ; Predictive Value of Tests ; Aged ; Prostate/diagnostic imaging/pathology ; },
abstract = {Purpose To determine which quantitative 3-T multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) parameters correlate with and help predict the presence of aggressive large cribriform pattern (LCP) and intraductal carcinoma (IDC) prostate cancer (PCa) at whole-mount histopathology (WMHP). Materials and Methods This retrospective study included 130 patients (mean age ± SD, 62.6 years ± 7.2; 100% male) with 141 PCa lesions who underwent preoperative prostate 3-T mpMRI, radical prostatectomy, and WMHP between January 2019 and December 2022. Lesions at WMHP were matched to 3-T mpMRI lesions with American College of Radiology Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System version 2.1 scores of at least 3 or higher, and the following parameters were derived: apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), volume transfer constant, rate constant, and initial area under the curve (iAUC). Each lesion was categorized into three subcohorts with increasing aggressiveness: LCP negative and IDC negative (subcohort 1), LCP positive and IDC negative (subcohort 2), and LCP positive and IDC negative (subcohort 3). Analysis of variance was performed to assess differences, Jonckheere test was performed to establish trends, and a classification and regression tree (CART) was used to establish a prediction model. Results Of the 141 total lesions, there were 41 (29.1%), 49 (34.8%), and 51 (36.2%) lesions in subcohorts 1, 2, and 3, with mean ADCs of 892 × 10[-6] mm[2]/sec ± 20, 826 × 10[-6] mm[2]/sec ± 209, and 763 × 10[-6] mm[2]/sec ± 163 (P = .007) and mean iAUCs of 5.4 mmol/L/sec ± 2.5, 6.7 mmol/L/sec ± 3.0, and 6.9 mmol/L/sec ± 3.5 (P = .04), respectively. ADC was negatively correlated (P = .004), and rate constant and iAUC were positively correlated (P = .048 and P = .04, respectively) with increasing histologic PCa aggressiveness. The CART model correctly allocated 39.0%, 24.5%, and 84.3% of PCa lesions to subcohorts 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Conclusion Quantitative 3-T mpMRI parameters significantly correlated with and helped predict aggressive LCP and IDC PCa at WMHP. Keywords: Prostate, MRI, Pathology © RSNA, 2025.},
}

Humans
*Prostatic Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging/pathology/surgery
Male
*Multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods
Retrospective Studies
Middle Aged
Prostatectomy/methods
Predictive Value of Tests
Aged
Prostate/diagnostic imaging/pathology

@article {pmid39749029,
year = {2024},
author = {Liu, H and Zhao, G and Fan, Z and Wu, D and Qu, F},
title = {Metaplastic carcinoma of the breast containing three histological components: a case report.},
journal = {Frontiers in oncology},
volume = {14},
number = {},
pages = {1470986},
pmid = {39749029},
issn = {2234-943X},
abstract = {Malignant breast tumors mainly arise from the ductal and lobular epithelium, whereas sarcomas, which originate from the stromal tissues of the breast, account for less than 5% of cases. Mostly, these tumors consist of a single tissue type, rendering malignant breast tumors with three distinct tissue types exceedingly rare. We report a unique case of a malignant breast tumor comprising three tissue types: squamous cell carcinoma (approximately 25%), invasive ductal carcinoma (approximately 5%), and fibrosarcoma (approximately 70%). Given the case's rarity, pre-operative imaging and tumor biopsy failed to yield definitive diagnostic information, we detail the patient's clinical and therapeutic process, providing insights for physicians on clinical diagnosis and treatment.},
}

@article {pmid39741975,
year = {2024},
author = {Ayoub, Y and Cheung, SM and Maglan, B and Senn, N and Chan, KS and He, J},
title = {Differentiation of histological calcification classifications in breast cancer using ultrashort echo time and chemical shift-encoded imaging MRI.},
journal = {Frontiers in oncology},
volume = {14},
number = {},
pages = {1475090},
doi = {10.3389/fonc.2024.1475090},
pmid = {39741975},
issn = {2234-943X},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) accounts for 25% of newly diagnosed breast cancer cases with only 14%-53% developing into invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC), but currently overtreated due to inadequate accuracy of mammography. Subtypes of calcification, discernible from histology, has been suggested to have prognostic value in DCIS, while the lipid composition of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids may be altered in de novo synthesis with potential sensitivity to the difference between DCIS and IDC. We therefore set out to examine calcification using ultra short echo time (UTE) MRI and lipid composition using chemical shift-encoded imaging (CSEI), as markers for histological calcification classification, in the initial ex vivo step towards in vivo application.

METHODS: Twenty female patients, with mean age (range) of 57 (35-78) years, participated in the study. Intra- and peri-tumoural degree of calcification and peri-tumoural lipid composition were acquired on MRI using UTE and CSEI, respectively. Ex vivo imaging was conducted on the freshly excised breast tumour specimens immediately after surgery. Histopathological analysis was conducted to determine the calcification status, Nottingham Prognostic Index (NPI), and proliferative activity marker Ki-67.

RESULTS: Intra-tumoural degree of calcification in malignant classification (1.05 ± 0.13) was significantly higher (p = 0.012) against no calcification classification (0.84 ± 0.09). Peri-tumoural degree of calcification in malignant classification (1.64 ± 0.10) was significantly higher (p = 0.033) against no calcification classification (1.41 ± 0.18). Peri-tumoural MUFA in malignant classification (0.40 ± 0.01) was significantly higher (p = 0.039) against no calcification classification (0.38 ± 0.02). Ki-67 showed significant negative correlation against peri-tumoural MUFA (p = 0.043, ρ = -0.457), significant positive correlation against SFA (p = 0.008, ρ = 0.577), and significant negative correlation against PUFA (p = 0.002, ρ = -0.653).

CONCLUSION: The intra- and peri-tumoural degree of calcification and peri-tumoural MUFA are sensitive to histological calcification classes supporting future investigation into DCIS prognosis.},
}

@article {pmid39734136,
year = {2024},
author = {Huws, AM and Davies, GR and Lewis, PD and Morgan, C},
title = {Comparison of Systemic Inflammatory Indices With the Oncotype DX Recurrence Score and the Nottingam Prognostic Index in Early Hormone Receptor Positive Ductal Breast Cancer.},
journal = {Clinical breast cancer},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.clbc.2024.11.022},
pmid = {39734136},
issn = {1938-0666},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Adjuvant therapy decisions in hormone receptor positive, HER2 negative breast cancer are evolving. Gene panel testing has reduced the number of patients recommended for chemotherapy by up to two thirds. Identifying low risk genomic cases before testing could represent a significant economic impact. Systemic inflammatory indices have shown promise as prognostic markers in early breast cancer. We investigated the utility of four systemic inflammatory indices with the Nottingham Prognostic Index to predict the Oncotype DX® recurrence scores threshold level (low or high score), in women aged 50 and over with node negative invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast.

METHODS: A retrospective review of 245 patients with Oncotype DX® Recurrence Score testing from 2007 to 2021 were identified. The Nottingham Prognostic Index and systemic inflammatory indices ratios were estimated from histology results and preoperative peripheral blood samples respectively.

RESULTS: 22.4% of the cohort had a Recurrence Score in the higher risk group. This group had a greater percentage of grade 3 tumours, progesterone receptor negativity, higher Nottingham Prognostic Scores, and inflammatory indices ratios than the lower risk group. A decision tree incorporating the Neutrophil Lymphocyte Ratio with clinicopathological features showed potential as an indicator of a high Oncotype DX® RS score, such that further investigation is warranted to assess whether Recurrence Score testing could be triaged in certain cohorts of patients. In this study, 38% of patients might be able to avoid genomic testing based on the decision tree analysis.

CONCLUSION: Utility of inflammatory indices with clinicopathological features may help triage gene panel testing.},
}

@article {pmid39730784,
year = {2024},
author = {Qi, M and Gao, S and Zhang, Z and Lang, R and Huang, Z and Wang, J and Qian, X and Chen, K and Liu, H},
title = {Secretory breast carcinoma: a multicenter clinicopathologic study of 80 cases with emphasis on prognostic analysis and chemotherapy benefit.},
journal = {Breast cancer research and treatment},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {39730784},
issn = {1573-7217},
abstract = {PURPOSE: To investigate clinicopathologic characteristics and prognosis in secretory breast carcinoma (SBC) and to determine chemotherapy benefits stratified by different subgroups.

METHODS: SBCs and triple-negative invasive ductal carcinoma patients (TN-IDCs) were enrolled from three cancer centers between January 2011 and December 2020. SBCs were further divided into two subgroups: those with triple negativity (TN-SBCs) and those without (non-TN-SBCs). Clinicopathologic characteristics were thoroughly compared among the three subgroups associated with triple negativity. Kaplan-Meier estimates and Cox proportional hazard models were performed for survival analysis.

RESULTS: A total of 80 SBCs and 310 TN-IDCs were included in the study. The TN-SBC subgroup consisted of 35 individuals (43.75%) with mild clinical behaviors and a satisfying prognosis in comparison to non-TN-SBCs and TN-IDCs. In SBCs, N stage (N1 vs. N0: HR = 11.176, 95% CI 0.843-148.132, p = 0.067; N2-3 vs. N0: HR = 30.409, 95% CI 1.378-671.169, p = 0.031), LNR (HR = 23.894, 95% CI 1.614-353.835, p = 0.021), and histological grade (HR = 28.634, 95% CI 2.745-298.703, p = 0.005) were significantly correlated with disease-free survival (DFS). Patients in high LNR group receiving chemotherapy achieved a prolonged DFS (p = 0.025), while chemotherapy did not confer a survival benefit in TN-SBCs of our interest (p = 0.12).

CONCLUSION: TN-SBC is a unique entity with low malignant potential. Advanced N stage, high LNR, and advanced histological grade are adverse determinants of DFS in SBC. Adjuvant chemotherapy provides superior DFS in high LNR SBCs rather than TN-SBCs, hence it is recommended for high LNR SBCs.},
}

@article {pmid39724992,
year = {2024},
author = {Wang, Y and Zhang, J and Wang, Y and Liu, Y and Shi, B and Li, X and Zhang, H and He, J},
title = {Lower expression of MMP2, FLNA, and CFL1 is correlated with favorable prognosis in invasive micropapillary breast cancer.},
journal = {Gene},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {149192},
doi = {10.1016/j.gene.2024.149192},
pmid = {39724992},
issn = {1879-0038},
abstract = {PURPOSE: Despite its recognized aggressive clinical manifestations, invasive micropapillary carcinoma has a controversial prognosis in comparison to invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast. This retrospective study aimed to explore the prognosis and underlying molecular mechanisms of invasive micropapillary carcinoma.

METHODS: Through the SEER database, we compared patients survival outcomes with invasive micropapillary carcinoma versus invasive ductal carcinoma, and developed a nomogram to predict the overall survival of the former group. We explored gene profiles in the GEO database. Hub genes were identified as the top ten genes in the PPI network with the highest degrees of connectivity, and three of them were selected for validation by immunohistochemistry.

RESULTS: Invasive micropapillary carcinoma patients had better overall survival and breast cancer-specific survival than invasive ductal carcinoma patients did. Multivariate analysis revealed age, marital status, TN stage, ER status, and chemotherapy as independent prognostic factors for invasive micropapillary carcinoma patients, which were used to construct a nomogram with good performance. A total of 294 DEGs were identified, with ten hub genes, including MMP2, FLNA and CFL1, which were expressed at lower levels in invasive micropapillary carcinoma patients than in invasive ductal carcinoma patients, indicating favorable outcomes.

CONCLUSIONS: Patients with invasive micropapillary carcinoma generally have a better prognosis than those with invasive ductal carcinoma does, which could be attributed to the lower expression of pro-oncogenic genes in the former group; however, the underlying mechanism needs further investigation.},
}

@article {pmid39724567,
year = {2024},
author = {Yang, M and Wang, C and Ouyang, L and Zhang, H and Lin, J},
title = {Establishment of prognostic model for invasive ductal carcinoma with distant metastasis within the triple-negative breast cancer: a SEER population-based study.},
journal = {European journal of cancer prevention : the official journal of the European Cancer Prevention Organisation (ECP)},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1097/CEJ.0000000000000925},
pmid = {39724567},
issn = {1473-5709},
abstract = {Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a complex and diverse group of malignancies. Invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) is the predominant pathological subtype and is closely linked to the ominous potential for distant metastasis, a pivotal factor that significantly influences patient outcomes. In light of these considerations, the present study was conceived with the objective of developing a nomogram model. This model was designed to predict the prognosis observed in IDC with distant metastasis in TNBC. This was a retrospective study based on the SEER database. Data of 9739 IDC-TNBC patients diagnosed from 2010 to 2020 were included in our study. Independent risk factors were screened by univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses successively, which were used to develop a nomogram model predicting for prognosis. Cox multivariable analysis showed statistical significance in bone metastasis, liver metastasis, surgery, and chemotherapy. Incorporating statistically significant variables, as well as clinically significant age, lung metastasis, and brain metastasis into the construction of the prediction model, the C-indexes of the training group and validation group were 0.702 (0.663-0.741) and 0.667 (0.600-0.734), respectively, while the calibration curves were all close to the ideal 45° reference line, and decision curve analysis curves show excellent net benefit in the predictive model. The prognostic prediction model developed in this study demonstrated enhanced predictive accuracy, enabling a more precise evaluation of mortality risks associated with IDC with distant metastasis in TNBC.},
}

@article {pmid39723668,
year = {2024},
author = {Mitsa, G and Florianova, L and Lafleur, J and Aguilar-Mahecha, A and Zahedi, RP and Del Rincon, SV and Basik, M and Borchers, CH and Batist, G},
title = {Clinical proteomics reveals vulnerabilities in non-invasive breast ductal carcinoma and drives personalized treatment strategies.},
journal = {Cancer research communications},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1158/2767-9764.CRC-24-0287},
pmid = {39723668},
issn = {2767-9764},
abstract = {Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is the most common type (80%) of non-invasive breast lesions in women. The lack of validated prognostic markers, limited patient numbers, and variable tissue quality have a significant impact on diagnosis, risk stratification, patient enrolment, and the results of clinical studies. Here, we performed label-free quantitative proteomics on 50 clinical formalin-fixed, paraffin embedded biopsies, validating 22 putative biomarkers from independent genetic studies. Our comprehensive proteomic phenotyping reveals more than 380 differentially expressed proteins and metabolic vulnerabilities, that can inform new therapeutic strategies for DCIS and invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC). Due to the readily druggable nature of proteins and metabolic enzymes or metabolism inhibitors, this study is of high interest for clinical research and pharmaceutical industry. To further evaluate our findings, and to promote the clinical translation of our study, we developed a highly multiplexed targeted proteomics assay for 90 proteins associated with cancer metabolism, RNA regulation and signature cancer pathways, such as PI3K/AKT/mTOR and EGFR/RAS/RAF.},
}

@article {pmid39721789,
year = {2024},
author = {Nagahara, M and Tezuka, K},
title = {[Invasive Ductal Carcinoma with Total Infarction and Necrosis-Case Report and Literature Review].},
journal = {Gan to kagaku ryoho. Cancer & chemotherapy},
volume = {51},
number = {12},
pages = {1255-1258},
pmid = {39721789},
issn = {0385-0684},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; Aged ; *Necrosis ; *Breast Neoplasms/pathology/complications/surgery ; *Infarction/etiology/pathology ; *Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/complications/pathology/surgery ; Mastectomy ; },
abstract = {A 71-year-old woman visited our hospital with pain and itching in her left breast which had commenced the day before admission. On palpation, we detected a 2.0 cm nodule, indicative of an elastic and hard tumor located centrally in the left breast. Mammography revealed an oval, microlobulated mass in the central quadrant of the left breast. Ultrasonography indicated a 1.5×1.3 cm hypoechoic lesion at the 12 o'clock position near the left nipple. Core needle biopsy revealed an invasive ductal carcinoma. Therefore, we mastectomized the left breast. Histologically, the tumor mass exhibited total necrosis, with viable carcinoma cells detected in a paramammary lymph node at the resected breast edge. Consequently, the tumor was diagnosed as a solid tubular carcinoma with total infarction and necrosis. Here, we present a rare case of breast cancer associated with infarction and necrosis.},
}

Humans
Female
Aged
*Necrosis
*Breast Neoplasms/pathology/complications/surgery
*Infarction/etiology/pathology
*Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/complications/pathology/surgery
Mastectomy

@article {pmid39715246,
year = {2024},
author = {Zhang, W and Huang, Y and Zhou, Y and Xue, J and Gao, S and Kang, L and Shi, J and Zhou, T and Duan, Y and Guo, S and Li, Q},
title = {Delving into female breast cancer: Distinct disease-specific survival outcomes between invasive lobular and ductal carcinomas revealed by propensity score matching.},
journal = {PloS one},
volume = {19},
number = {12},
pages = {e0300116},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0300116},
pmid = {39715246},
issn = {1932-6203},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; *Breast Neoplasms/mortality/pathology/therapy ; *Propensity Score ; *Carcinoma, Lobular/mortality/pathology/therapy ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; *Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/mortality/pathology ; Prognosis ; Aged ; SEER Program ; Adult ; Survival Analysis ; },
abstract = {PURPOSE: The difference in prognosis between invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) and invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) is still controversial in the academic community. Resolving this controversy can help to more accurately determine patients' prognosis, provide further personalized treatment, alleviate unnecessary psychological burden for some patients, and provide direction for further fundamental research.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was conducted using the SEER Research Plus Data 8 Registries, Nov 2021 sub (1978-2019), including female breast cancer patients diagnosed with ILC or IDC between 2010 and 2015. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed, and key covariates affecting prognosis were selected. Propensity score matching (PSM) was employed to match patients, and balance tests were conducted to evaluate covariate distribution. Disease-specific survival (DSS) differences between the matched IDC and ILC groups were compared.

RESULTS: Following PSM, the covariate differences between the IDC and ILC groups were significantly reduced. The survival analysis revealed a significantly better prognosis for the IDC group than the ILC group (Log-rank test p < 0.001), with a 28.0% increased risk observed in the ILC group.

CONCLUSION: This study provides evidence supporting the existence of significant differences in prognosis between IDC and ILC patients after rigorous matching. The IDC group displayed a significantly better prognosis than the ILC group. Notably, these findings have implications for personalized treatment in clinical practice and contribute to the ongoing academic debate on survival differences between IDC and ILC. However, further research is needed to investigate the biological mechanisms, gene expression, and signaling pathway disparities between IDC and ILC, aiming to provide more targeted guidance for clinical decision-making.},
}

Humans
Female
*Breast Neoplasms/mortality/pathology/therapy
*Propensity Score
*Carcinoma, Lobular/mortality/pathology/therapy
Middle Aged
Retrospective Studies
*Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/mortality/pathology
Prognosis
Aged
SEER Program
Adult
Survival Analysis

@article {pmid39712753,
year = {2024},
author = {Sandhya, A and Fahim, M and Kulanathan, A and Tansie, A},
title = {Incidence of a Positive Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy in Screen-Detected Early Breast Cancer.},
journal = {Cureus},
volume = {16},
number = {11},
pages = {e74250},
pmid = {39712753},
issn = {2168-8184},
abstract = {Introduction Current guidelines advocate for a sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) in patients with invasive breast cancer with negative axillary ultrasonography. However, emerging evidence has contradicted this, and SLNB omission has been found to be non-inferior in selected low-risk breast cancers. This retrospective study aimed to evaluate the incidence of SLNB in screen-detected invasive breast cancer. The secondary outcome was to identify risk factors in patients with positive SLNB and further axillary disease. Methods All screen-detected histologically confirmed invasive breast cancer and no evidence of spread to ipsilateral axillary lymph nodes (LNs) on ultrasound scans referred from screening between January 2018 and December 2019 were included in the study. All patients underwent surgical excision of the tumor as either breast conservation surgery or mastectomy, along with sentinel node biopsy. SLNB was performed using the dual technique of radioactive dye and blue dye. Results One hundred forty-nine patients were included in the study, all of whom were females. The mean patient age was 61.9 years old, with the majority 65 (43.6%) of the patients being in their 60s. Breast-conserving surgery (BCS) was performed in 138 (92.6%) patients. Eighty (53.7%) patients presented with right breast cancer. The mean size of invasive cancer was 15 mm. The mean total tumor size, including invasive and in situ, was 20.9 mm. One hundred twenty-seven (85.2%) patients had unifocal presentations, 69 (46.3%) of tumor foci were in the upper outer quadrant (UOQ), 122 (81.9%) of all tumors were ductal carcinoma, 81 (54.4%) patients had histologically grade 2 carcinomas, 135 (90.6%) of all patient tumors were ER-positive, HER2-negative, and six (4%) were ER-positive, HER2-positive. Twelve (8.05%) out of 149 included patients had positive sentinel LN biopsy. Of those 12 patients, eight (66.7%) had one to two nodes sampled, three (25%) had three to four nodes, and one (8.3%) had five or more nodes sampled. Out of 12 positive SNB patients, 11 had completed axillary node clearance (ANC) as per the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guidelines: nine (81.8%) had no further disease, and two (18.2%) had four positive nodes. The mean number of nodes taken in ANC was 15.8 ± 11.5. Of the two patients with positive axillary disease, one had BCS, and the other had a mastectomy. Both were grade 3 IDC, and the mean size was 57.5 mm. Nine patients died within four years of diagnosis, with four due to distant breast metastasis. Conclusion Only 8% of patients had positive SLNB in screen-detected breast cancer, which may support the previous studies of omitting SLNB being non-inferior but only in selected postmenopausal small early breast cancers with normal axillary ultrasound in the absence of any other risk factors. However, close follow-up will be required for disease-free survival, overall survival, and locoregional recurrence in this cohort.},
}

@article {pmid39710328,
year = {2024},
author = {Denimal, L and Klein, C and Capon, G and Alezra, E and Bernhard, JC and Estrade, V and Blanc, P and Bladou, F and Robert, G},
title = {Impact of Clean Intermittent Self-Catheterization and Indwelling Catheterization on Perioperative Outcomes in Patients with Urinary Retention Undergoing BPH Surgery: A Comparative Monocentric Retrospective Study.},
journal = {The French journal of urology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {102851},
doi = {10.1016/j.fjurol.2024.102851},
pmid = {39710328},
issn = {2950-3930},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: In case of acute urinary retention (AUR) due to benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) first trial without catheter (TWOC) may fail in about 30% of cases. In this situation most of patients have to keep an indwelling catheter (IDC) or to perform clean intermittent self-catheterization (CISC) until surgery.Although CISC has shown several advantages over IDC in neurologic patients, it is barely proposed in case of acute or chronic urinary retention due to BPH and comparative data on the outcomes of BPH surgery are very sparse.The aim of this study was to evaluate peri-operative outcomes of BPH surgery depending on the type of urinary drainage (IDC or CISC) in a population of patients with acute or chronic urinary retention and TWOC failure.

PATIENTS AND METHOD: We retrospectively analyzed a prospectively maintained database on BPH surgery to retrieve the records of all men admitted for surgical treatment of BPH following acute or chronic urinary retention with TWOC failure over a one-year period of time (January to December 2022). Two groups were constituted depending on the type of urinary drainage at the time of surgery (IDC or CISC). Peri-operative outcomes were compared between groups regarding pre-operative urine culture, antibiotic consumption, post-operative complications, length of hospital stay, and spontaneous voiding after catheter removal.

RESULTS: Between January and December 2022, 59 patients underwent BPH surgery after urinary retention and TWOC failure. At the time of surgery, 28 patients were on IDC (47%) and 31 patients were on CISC (53%). Despite a shorter delay between AUR and surgery in the IDC group (42 days vs. 80 days, p<0,01), patients had a significantly higher rate of pre-operative positive urine culture (100% vs. 51.6%, p < 0.01), received antibiotics more frequently (93% vs. 42%, p < 0.01), had a higher rate of post-operative complications (50% vs. 13%, p < 0.01), stayed longer in the hospital (3 days vs. 2 days, p= 0.02), and had a higher rate of post-operative retention (36% vs. 6.5%, p < 0.01).

CONCLUSION: In our experience, the use of CISC before BPH surgery improved peri-operative outcomes as compared to IDC. CISC reduced antibiotic consumption, post-operative complications, length of hospital stay, and improved micturition recovery after catheter removal.},
}

@article {pmid39708255,
year = {2024},
author = {Salmi, T and Ameur, D and Dali-Sahi, M and Dib, J and Amraoui, N and Kachekouche, Y and Dennouni-Medjati, N},
title = {Exploration of plasma tryptophan levels along with Ki-67 expression binomial investigation for forecasting tumor aggressiveness within invasive ductal breast cancer.},
journal = {Journal of molecular histology},
volume = {56},
number = {1},
pages = {52},
pmid = {39708255},
issn = {1567-2387},
support = {PRFU B00L02UN130120230003//This work was supported by the Algerian Minister of Higher Education and Scientific Research and the training-University Research Project Management Platform/ ; PRFU B00L02UN130120230003//This work was supported by the Algerian Minister of Higher Education and Scientific Research and the training-University Research Project Management Platform/ ; PRFU B00L02UN130120230003//This work was supported by the Algerian Minister of Higher Education and Scientific Research and the training-University Research Project Management Platform/ ; },
mesh = {*Tryptophan/blood/metabolism ; Humans ; *Ki-67 Antigen/blood/metabolism/analysis ; Female ; *Breast Neoplasms/blood/pathology/diagnosis ; Middle Aged ; *Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/blood/pathology/diagnosis/metabolism ; Aged ; Biomarkers, Tumor/blood ; Adult ; Prognosis ; Mitotic Index ; Aged, 80 and over ; },
abstract = {Ki-67 is a histological marker indicating cancer aggressiveness, while tryptophan (TRP) depletion modulates immune responses, including tumor aggressiveness. The study evaluates Ki-67's predictive value in relation to plasma TRP levels in invasive ductal carcinoma of breast cancer, aiming to improve understanding of tumor characteristics and clinical behavior. A study involving 165 women, measured plasma TRP levels and Ki-67 and analyzed their relationship with tumor aggressiveness markers using statistical analyses and predictive models. Our study highlighted a significant correlation between decreased plasma levels of TRP and a high mitotic index, measured by the Ki-67 marker (Pearson correlation coefficient r = - 0.402; p = 0.011). Tryptophan levels below 40 µmol/L were associated with a Ki-67 level above 15%, suggesting more active tumor growth in patients. Additionally, several risk factors for BC were identified within the studied population. The demographic and clinical characteristics of the participants include an average age of 63 years, plasma glucose levels above 1.2 g/L, and plasma TRP levels below 40 µmol/L, which are associated with an increased risk of BC. Furthermore, various polynomial logistic regression models indicate that TRP levels may be predicted based on Ki-67 expression, providing a promising approach to refine prognostic assessments. The study showed a correlation between low levels of tryptophan (TRP) and a high Ki-67 mitotic index in breast cancer patients, particularly in invasive ductal carcinoma, which is strongly linked to the aggressiveness of the disease. The integration of these markers into routine practice remains a technical and economic challenge.},
}

*Tryptophan/blood/metabolism
Humans
*Ki-67 Antigen/blood/metabolism/analysis
Female
*Breast Neoplasms/blood/pathology/diagnosis
Middle Aged
*Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/blood/pathology/diagnosis/metabolism
Aged
Biomarkers, Tumor/blood
Adult
Prognosis
Mitotic Index
Aged, 80 and over

@article {pmid39708123,
year = {2024},
author = {Xie, T and Fan, G and Tang, L and Xing, P and Shi, Y},
title = {Artificial neural network systems to predict the response to sintilimab in squamous-cell non-small-cell lung cancer based on data of ORIENT-3 study.},
journal = {Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII},
volume = {74},
number = {1},
pages = {29},
pmid = {39708123},
issn = {1432-0851},
mesh = {Humans ; *Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/drug therapy/immunology ; *Neural Networks, Computer ; *Lung Neoplasms/drug therapy/immunology ; *Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/therapeutic use ; Male ; Female ; Biomarkers, Tumor ; Prognosis ; Middle Aged ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/drug therapy/immunology ; Aged ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Existing biomarkers and models for predicting response to programmed cell death protein 1 monoclonal antibody in advanced squamous-cell non-small cell lung cancer (sqNSCLC) did not have enough accuracy. We used data from the ORIENT-3 study to construct artificial neural network (ANN) systems to predict the response to sintilimab for sqNSCLC.

METHODS: Four ANN systems based on bulk RNA data to predict disease control (DC), immune DC (iDC), objective response (OR) and immune OR (iOR) were constructed and tested for patients with sqNSCLC treated with sintilimab. The mechanism exploration on the bulk and the spatial level were performed in patients from the ORIENT-3 study and the real world, respectively.

FINDINGS: sqNSCLC patients with different responses to sintilimab showed each unique transcriptomic spectrum. Four ANN systems showed high accuracy in the test cohort (AUC of DC, iDC, OR and iOR were 0.83, 0.89, 0.93 and 0.94, respectively). The performance of ANN systems was better than that of linear model systems and showed high stability. The mechanism exploration on the bulk level suggested that patients with lower ANN system scores (worse response) had a higher ratio of immune-related pathways enrichment. The mechanism exploration on the spatial level indicated that patients with better response to immunotherapy had fewer clusters of both tumor and cytotoxicity T cell spots.

INTERPRETATION: The four ANN systems showed high accuracy, robustness and stability in predicting the response to sintilimab for patients with sqNSCLC.},
}

Humans
*Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/drug therapy/immunology
*Neural Networks, Computer
*Lung Neoplasms/drug therapy/immunology
*Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/therapeutic use
Male
Female
Biomarkers, Tumor
Prognosis
Middle Aged
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/drug therapy/immunology
Aged

@article {pmid39701843,
year = {2024},
author = {Kayadibi, Y and Karagoz, SH and Kurt, SA and Kargin, OA and Guneren, C and Sahin, OE and Hamid, R and Yilmaz, MH},
title = {Diagnostic Characteristics and Clinical Relevance of Incidental Hypermetabolic Breast Lesions Detected on [18]F-FDG PET-CT: A Retrospective Evaluation.},
journal = {Academic radiology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.acra.2024.11.031},
pmid = {39701843},
issn = {1878-4046},
abstract = {RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: The study aimed to evaluate demographic and radiological characteristics of breast incidentalomas found on 18-fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography-Computed Tomography ([18]F-FDG PET-CT) performed for extramammary indications.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 12633 [18]F-FDG PET-CT scans performed between January 1, 2018 and January 1, 2024, were retrospectively reviewed. Breast incidentalomas that had undergone breast imaging, tissue diagnosis, or at least 2-year radiological follow-up were included. Demographic data and lesion size were recorded. Maximum and average standardized uptake values (SUVmax-SUVavg) and SUV corrected for lean body mass (SUL) were calculated using region of interest (ROI).

RESULTS: The inclusion criteria were met in 101 lesions (81 benign and 20 malignant). The most common benign lesion was fibroadenoma (n = 21), followed by stable lesions during follow-up (n = 18) and benign breast parenchyma (n = 11). The most common malignant lesion was invasive ductal carcinoma (n = 11). The diagnostic characteristics of SUVmax≥ 3, SULmax≥ 2, SUVavg≥ 0.735, SULavg≥ 0.48, and BI-RADS≥ 4 were 75%, 70%, 75%, 70% and 100% for sensitivity, 69%, 69%, 62%, 62% and 67% for specificity, and 69.3%, 68.3%, 62.4%, 61.4% and 73.3% for accuracy, respectively. The highest negative predictive values (NPV) were obtained with BI-RADS and SUVmax (100% and 92%, respectively). No significant difference in malignancy rate was observed for the lesion size and age of the patients (p > 0.05).

CONCLUSION: There is a risk of detecting malignancy in incidental lesions showing [18]F-FDG uptake. Radiological workup must be done, but SUVmax, with a high NPV value, can be used in conjunction with BI-RADS assessment for appropriate patient selection and effective management of resources.},
}

@article {pmid39692305,
year = {2024},
author = {Cho, SM and Cha, JH and Kim, HH and Shin, HJ and Chae, EY and Choi, WJ and Eom, HJ and Kim, HJ},
title = {Nonmass Lesions on Breast Ultrasound: Interreader Agreement and Associations With Malignancy.},
journal = {AJR. American journal of roentgenology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.2214/AJR.24.32278},
pmid = {39692305},
issn = {1546-3141},
abstract = {Background: Nonmass lesions (NMLs) on breast ultrasound lack clear definition and encompass a broad range of benign and malignant entities. Given anticipated inclusion of NMLs in the BI-RADS 6th edition, thorough understanding of these lesions will be critical for optimal management. Objective: To evaluate interreader agreement for classification of lesions on breast ultrasound as NMLs and to identify imaging features associated with malignancy in these lesions. Methods: This retrospective study included 2007 patients (2005 female, 2 male; mean age, 54.0±9.6 years) who underwent ultrasound-guided biopsy of 2381 breast lesions between January 2020 and December 2020. Two radiologists independently classified lesions as masses or NMLs, using a definition of NMLs from a presentation at the 2023 Radiological Society of North America annual meeting. The radiologists attempted to reach consensus for discordant cases. Another radiologist recorded NMLs' mammographic and ultrasound characteristics. Pathological outcomes for NMLs were extracted from the EHR. Results: Interreader agreement for lesion classification (mass vs NML) was substantial (κ=0.73) A total of 216 lesions were classified as NMLs by both readers independently; an additional 101 lesions were classified as NMLs by consensus review after initial discordance. Thus, 317/2381 (13.3%) of lesions were classified as NMLs, of which 101/317 (31.9%) had initial discordance. A total of 133/317 (42.0%) NMLs were malignant, including invasive ductal carcinoma (48/133), ductal carcinoma in situ (43/133), and microinvasive ductal carcinoma (34/133). A total of 30.8% of malignant NML lacked correlative mammographic abnormalities. Ultrasound findings with highest accuracy for identifying malignancy of NMLs were calcifications (65.6%), posterior shadowing (62.8%), and non-parallel orientation (59.3%). In multivariable analysis, variables showing significant independent associations with malignancy included calcifications (OR=8.9), asymmetry (OR=4.7), and mass (OR=4.7) on mammography, and greater size (OR=1.03), non-parallel orientation (OR=8.7), and posterior shadowing (OR=6.3) on ultrasound. Conclusion: The analysis provides insights into reader variability for classifying ultrasound lesions as NML by an existing definition, as well as into imaging findings' potential utility for characterizing such lesions as malignant. Clinical Impact: These findings indicate the need for further precision and clarification regarding the definition of NMLs and for further investigation into which NMLs have greatest malignancy risk.},
}

@article {pmid39690027,
year = {2024},
author = {Peng, Y and Xiao, R and Lan, HM and Li, X},
title = {Synchronous bilateral breast carcinoma: Report of a rare case.},
journal = {Asian journal of surgery},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.asjsur.2024.11.226},
pmid = {39690027},
issn = {0219-3108},
}

@article {pmid39689129,
year = {2024},
author = {Sheehan, KJ and Guerra, S and Ayis, S and Goubar, A and Foster, NE and Martin, FC and Godfrey, E and Cameron, ID and Gregson, CL and Walsh, NE and Ferguson Montague, A and Edwards, R and Adams, J and Jones, GD and Gibson, J and Sackley, C and Whitney, J},
title = {Structured tailored rehabilitation after hip fragility fracture: The 'Stratify' feasibility and pilot randomised controlled trial protocol.},
journal = {PloS one},
volume = {19},
number = {12},
pages = {e0306870},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0306870},
pmid = {39689129},
issn = {1932-6203},
mesh = {Humans ; *Hip Fractures/rehabilitation/surgery ; Pilot Projects ; *Feasibility Studies ; Aged ; *Quality of Life ; Female ; Activities of Daily Living ; Middle Aged ; Male ; Cost-Benefit Analysis ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Rehabilitation in hospital is effective in reducing mortality after hip fracture. However, there is uncertainty over optimal in-hospital rehabilitation treatment ingredients, and the generalizability of trial findings to subgroups of patients systematically excluded from previous trials. The aim of this study is to determine the feasibility of a randomized controlled trial which aims to assess the clinical- and cost-effectiveness of adding a stratified care intervention to usual care designed to improve outcomes of acute rehabilitation for all older adults after hip fracture.

METHODS: This is a protocol for a single site, feasibility and pilot, pragmatic, parallel group (allocation ratio 1:1) randomised controlled assessor-blind STRATIFY trial (Structured Tailored Rehabilitation AfTer HIp FragilitY Fracture). Adults aged 60 years or more, surgically treated for hip fracture following low energy trauma (fragility fracture), who are willing to provide consent or by consultee declaration (depending on capacity), are eligible. Individuals who experienced in-hospital hip fracture will be excluded. Screening, consent/assent, baseline assessment (demographics, patient reported outcome measures or PROMs [health related quality of life, activities of daily living, pain, falls related self-efficacy], and resource use), and randomization will take place within the first four days post-admission. Participants will then be offered usual care, or usual care plus STRATIFY intervention during their hospital stay. The STRATIFY intervention includes 1) a web-based algorithm to allocate participants to low- medium- or high-risk subgroups; and 2) matched interventions depending on subgroup allocation. The low-risk subgroup will be offered a self-management review, training in advocacy, and a self-managed exercise programme with support for progression, in addition to usual care (1-hour 40 minutes therapist time above usual care). The medium-risk subgroup will be offered education, a goal-orientated mobility programme (with carer training, as available and following carer consent), and early enhanced discharge planning, in addition to usual care (estimated 2-hours 15 minutes therapist time above usual care). The high-risk subgroup will be offered education, enhanced assessment, orientation, and a goal-orientated activities of daily living programme (with carer training, as available and following carer consent), in addition to usual care (estimated 2-hours 45minutes therapist time above usual care). All STRATIFY subgroup treatment interventions are specified using the Rehabilitation Treatment Specification System (RTSS) for treatment theory development and replication. Follow-up PROM data collection, RESOURCE USE alongside readmissions and mortality, will be collected on discharge and 12-weeks post-randomisation. Intervention acceptability will be determined by semi-structured interviews with participants, carers, and therapists at the end of the intervention.

DISSEMINATION: The trial findings will be disseminated to patients and the public, health professionals and researchers through publications, presentations and social media channels.

TRIAL REGISTRATION: The trial has been registered at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT06014554).},
}

Humans
*Hip Fractures/rehabilitation/surgery
Pilot Projects
*Feasibility Studies
Aged
*Quality of Life
Female
Activities of Daily Living
Middle Aged
Male
Cost-Benefit Analysis
Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic

@article {pmid39685105,
year = {2024},
author = {Song, B and Singh, H},
title = {Rare Breast Cancers Review.},
journal = {Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {12},
number = {23},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/healthcare12232483},
pmid = {39685105},
issn = {2227-9032},
abstract = {BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Breast cancer is one of the most common malignancies in women, with rare subtypes presenting unique clinical challenges. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of rare breast cancers, including both epithelial and non-epithelial subtypes, and explores their epidemiology, pathology, prognosis, and treatment approaches.

METHODS: A systematic review was conducted focusing on recent advancements in the treatment of rare breast cancer subtypes. Articles were selected based on criteria emphasizing studies from the past five years, with older foundational studies included where necessary. The analysis incorporated molecular profiling, clinical trials, and advancements in targeted and immunotherapies, where possible.

RESULTS: Rare epithelial subtypes, such as tubular, mucinous, and medullary carcinomas, demonstrate distinct clinical and pathological features, with generally favorable prognoses compared to invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC). Non-epithelial cancers, including sarcomas and primary breast lymphomas, require individualized treatment due to aggressive behavior and poor prognosis in certain cases. Recent advancements in targeted therapies (e.g., HER2 inhibitors, PI3K inhibitors, and PARP inhibitors) and immunotherapies (e.g., PD-1 inhibitors) have shown promise in improving outcomes for specific molecularly characterized subtypes.

CONCLUSIONS: While the management of common breast cancers has become increasingly sophisticated, rare subtypes continue to pose challenges due to limited research and small patient populations. Advances in molecular profiling and next-generation sequencing are pivotal in identifying actionable mutations and expanding personalized treatment options. Future research should focus on clinical trials and collaborative efforts to refine treatment strategies and improve outcomes for these rare subtypes.},
}

@article {pmid39684874,
year = {2024},
author = {Galappaththi, SPL and Smith, KR and Alsatari, ES and Hunter, R and Dyess, DL and Turbat-Herrera, EA and Dasgupta, S},
title = {The Genomic and Biologic Landscapes of Breast Cancer and Racial Differences.},
journal = {International journal of molecular sciences},
volume = {25},
number = {23},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/ijms252313165},
pmid = {39684874},
issn = {1422-0067},
support = {1R21MD019400-01/MD/NIMHD NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *Breast Neoplasms/genetics/pathology/epidemiology ; Female ; *Genomics/methods ; Dysbiosis ; Racial Groups/genetics ; },
abstract = {Breast cancer is a significant health challenge worldwide and is the most frequently diagnosed cancer among women globally. This review provides a comprehensive overview of breast cancer biology, genomics, and microbial dysbiosis, focusing on its various subtypes and racial differences. Breast cancer is primarily classified into carcinomas and sarcomas, with carcinomas constituting most cases. Epidemiology and breast cancer risk factors are important for public health intervention. Staging and grading, based on the TNM and Nottingham grading systems, respectively, are crucial to determining the clinical outcome and treatment decisions. Histopathological subtypes include in situ and invasive carcinomas, such as invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) and invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC). The review explores molecular subtypes, including Luminal A, Luminal B, Basal-like (Triple Negative), and HER2-enriched, and delves into breast cancer's histological and molecular progression patterns. Recent research findings related to nuclear and mitochondrial genetic alterations, epigenetic reprogramming, and the role of microbiome dysbiosis in breast cancer and racial differences are also reported. The review also provides an update on breast cancer's current diagnostics and treatment modalities.},
}

Humans
*Breast Neoplasms/genetics/pathology/epidemiology
Female
*Genomics/methods
Dysbiosis
Racial Groups/genetics

@article {pmid39684409,
year = {2024},
author = {Feng, M and Cui, H and Li, S and Li, L and Zhou, C and Chen, L and Cao, Y and Gao, Y and Li, D},
title = {Ubiquitin-Activating Enzyme E1 (UBA1) as a Prognostic Biomarker and Therapeutic Target in Breast Cancer: Insights into Immune Infiltration and Functional Implications.},
journal = {International journal of molecular sciences},
volume = {25},
number = {23},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/ijms252312696},
pmid = {39684409},
issn = {1422-0067},
support = {22YF1407800//Shanghai Municipal Commission of Science and Technology/ ; No.82103429//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; No.82303311//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *Breast Neoplasms/genetics/immunology/pathology/metabolism ; Female ; *Ubiquitin-Activating Enzymes/genetics/metabolism ; *Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics/metabolism ; Prognosis ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Cell Line, Tumor ; },
abstract = {Ubiquitin-Activating Enzyme E1 (UBA1), an E1 enzyme involved in the activation of ubiquitin enzymes, has been involved in the onset and progression of different cancers in humans. Nevertheless, the precise contribution of UBA1 in breast cancer (BC) is still poorly characterized. In this study, a thorough investigation was carried out to elucidate the significance of UBA1 and validate its functionality in BC. Through the analysis of mRNA sequencing data of BC patients, the mRNA expression of UBA1 was observed to be notably enhanced in cancer tissues relative to controls, and high UBA1 expression was linked to worse overall survival (OS), disease-specific survival (DSS), and progress-free survival (PFS). Moreover, UBA1 exhibited potential as an independent prognostic and diagnostic biomarker for individuals with BC. Additionally, functional enrichment analysis revealed the involvement of UBA1 in inflammation-linked pathways, like the TNF-α signaling pathway, the IL-6 signaling pathway, and various immune-related biological processes. Notably, single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) aided in the identification of a negative link between UBA1 expression and the levels of infiltrating mast cells, Th1 cells, iDC cells, B cells, DC cells, Tem cells, Cytotoxic cells, T cells, CD8T cells, and pDC cells. Finally, this study demonstrated that silencing UBA1 significantly impeded the growth and development of BC cell lines. These findings highlight UBA1 as a potential prognostic biomarker linked to immune infiltration in BC, thereby depicting its potential as a new therapeutic target for individuals with BC.},
}

Humans
*Breast Neoplasms/genetics/immunology/pathology/metabolism
Female
*Ubiquitin-Activating Enzymes/genetics/metabolism
*Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics/metabolism
Prognosis
*Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
Cell Line, Tumor

@article {pmid39677866,
year = {2024},
author = {Konrad, R and Güttler, C and Öhl, N and Heidl, C and Scholz, S and Bauer, C},
title = {Effects of the Tovertafel[®] on apathy, social interaction and social activity of people with dementia in long-term inpatient care: results of a non-controlled within-subject-design study.},
journal = {Frontiers in neurology},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1455185},
pmid = {39677866},
issn = {1664-2295},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Tovertafel[®] is a VR-based serious game for dementia care (SGDC) that aims to stimulate residents affected by dementia in nursing homes, promote social and cognitive skills and reduce apathy. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of using Tovertafel[®] on apathy, social interaction and social activity of people with dementia (PWD) in long-term inpatient care in Germany.

METHODS: In this monocentric intervention study, 25 residents of an inpatient long-term care facility with moderate or severe dementia had two weekly applications of Tovertafel[®] over a period of 8 weeks. Effects on the residents' social interaction and activity were recorded before (T1), during (T2) and 1 h after (T3) each intervention using the Engagement of a Person with Dementia Scale (EPWDS). The degree of apathy was assessed using the Apathy Evaluation Scale (AES). Effects of Tovertafel[®] were examined using a simple repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA).

RESULTS: Thirteen residents with moderate (52%) and 12 residents with severe dementia (48%) were included. Results showed that residents' apathy changed over the course of the trial and was partially reduced. ANOVA revealed significant changes in the positive expression of social participation in the overall group between individual observation times (p < 0.001; T1: MW = 2.67, SD = 1.352; T2: MW = 3.66, SD = 1.365; T3: MW = 3.10, SD = 1.300) and a significantly lower negative expression of social participation at T2 (MW = 1.09, SD = 0.358) than at T1 (MW = 1.19, SD = 0.579; p = 0.028). There was a significantly higher positive expression of behavioral involvement in the overall group at T3 (MW = 1.17, SD = 0.552) than at T1 (p = 0.003) or T2 (p = 0.045). Analyses did not find any significant interaction between observation times and degree of dementia.

DISCUSSION: Results of the study show that the use of Tovertafel[®] over a period of 2 months had significant effects on apathy, social activity and social interaction in people with moderate or severe dementia. Symptoms of apathy could be reduced and social interaction and activity increased. However, due to limitations of the study design and special circumstances of the COVID-19 pandemic situation, findings might be overestimated and must be interpreted with care. Further research is necessary.},
}

@article {pmid39670062,
year = {2024},
author = {Liu, Y and Shi, H and He, Q and Fu, Y and Wang, Y and He, Y and Han, A and Guan, T},
title = {Invasive carcinoma segmentation in whole slide images using MS-ResMTUNet.},
journal = {Heliyon},
volume = {10},
number = {4},
pages = {e26413},
pmid = {39670062},
issn = {2405-8440},
abstract = {Identifying the invasive cancer area is a crucial step in the automated diagnosis of digital pathology slices of the breast. When examining the pathological sections of patients with invasive ductal carcinoma, several evaluations are required specifically for the invasive cancer area. However, currently there is little work that can effectively distinguish the invasive cancer area from the ductal carcinoma in situ in whole slide images. To address this issue, we propose a novel architecture named ResMTUnet that combines the strengths of vision transformer and CNN, and uses multi-task learning to achieve accurate invasive carcinoma recognition and segmentation in breast cancer. Furthermore, we introduce a multi-scale input model based on ResMTUnet with conditional random field, named MS-ResMTUNet, to perform segmentation on WSIs. Our systematic experimentation has shown that the proposed network outperforms other competitive methods and effectively segments invasive carcinoma regions in WSIs. This lays a solid foundation for subsequent analysis of breast pathological slides in the future. The code is available at: https://github.com/liuyiqing2018/MS-ResMTUNet.},
}

@article {pmid39669383,
year = {2024},
author = {Yoon, KH and Kim, EK and Shin, HC},
title = {Prognostic implications of ductal carcinoma in situ components in BRCA1/2-positive breast cancer: a retrospective cohort study.},
journal = {Annals of surgical treatment and research},
volume = {107},
number = {6},
pages = {327-335},
pmid = {39669383},
issn = {2288-6575},
abstract = {PURPOSE: Although the breast cancer susceptibility gene (BRCA)-associated invasive breast cancer is well studied, there are limited reports on ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) in patients with BRCA1/2 mutations. This study aims to evaluate the differential prognostic effect of DCIS in breast cancer patients with pathologic variants of BRCA1/2 genes.

METHODS: Breast cancer patients who tested positive for BRCA1/2 mutations between August 2003 and January 2022 at a single tertiary referral center were retrospectively analyzed. Survival outcomes were compared between patients with both invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) and DCIS (IDC-DCIS group, n = 121) and those with IDC alone (IDC group, n = 36).

RESULTS: Of the 157 patients, 65 (41.4%) exhibited mutations in BRCA1, 90 (57.3%) in BRCA2, and 2 (1.3%) in both BRCA1/2. DCIS components were more frequently found in BRCA2 pathological variants (BRCA1, 46 [38.0%] vs. BRCA2, 76 [62.4%]; P = 0.030). No statistically significant difference was found in 10-year recurrence-free survival (IDC-DCIS, 89.3% vs. IDC, 83.6%; P = 0.989). Subgroup analysis indicated that the DCIS component correlated with improved survival outcomes in the BRCA1 subgroup (BRCA1 IDC-DCIS, 85.5% vs. BRCA1 IDC, 51.0%; P = 0.024). Conversely, in the BRCA2 subgroup, IDC-DCIS patients exhibited a worse prognosis (BRCA1 IDC-DCIS, 85.5% vs. BRCA2 IDC-DCIS, 65.8%; P = 0.045).

CONCLUSION: The presence of a DCIS component carries varied prognostic significance in BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations. A tailored approach may be necessary when determining treatment options for breast cancer patients with BRCA1/2 mutations based on the presence of DCIS.},
}

@article {pmid39665459,
year = {2024},
author = {Potter, S and Gulbahce, E and Porretta, J and Lomo, L and Duffy, K and Winkler, N and Coleman, J and Jedrzkiewicz, J},
title = {Invasive Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Nipple: Case Report With Literature Review.},
journal = {The American Journal of dermatopathology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1097/DAD.0000000000002880},
pmid = {39665459},
issn = {1533-0311},
abstract = {In this unusual case, a 73-year-old woman presented with bloody discharge from her right breast and skin thickening was observed on subsequent imaging. Clinically, the findings raised concern for Paget disease. A skin punch biopsy was performed, revealing a high-grade infiltrating carcinoma with squamous features. Metaplastic carcinoma was a differential diagnosis, given that this patient had a history of invasive ductal carcinoma and radiation treatment in the same breast. A subsequent central lumpectomy confirmed the diagnosis of invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the nipple, occurring in the context of Bowen disease as a precursor lesion. Notably, there was no evidence of ductal carcinoma in situ in the background breast tissue or conventional invasive ductal carcinoma component. Both in situ and invasive forms of squamous cell carcinomas have been rarely reported in the nipple. This case highlights the importance of considering such a rare diagnosis, especially in patients with a history of breast cancer.},
}

@article {pmid39658630,
year = {2024},
author = {Papargyriou, A and Najajreh, M and Cook, DP and Maurer, CH and Bärthel, S and Messal, HA and Ravichandran, SK and Richter, T and Knolle, M and Metzler, T and Shastri, AR and Öllinger, R and Jasper, J and Schmidleitner, L and Wang, S and Schneeweis, C and Ishikawa-Ankerhold, H and Engleitner, T and Mataite, L and Semina, M and Trabulssi, H and Lange, S and Ravichandra, A and Schuster, M and Mueller, S and Peschke, K and Schäfer, A and Dobiasch, S and Combs, SE and Schmid, RM and Bausch, AR and Braren, R and Heid, I and Scheel, CH and Schneider, G and Zeigerer, A and Luecken, MD and Steiger, K and Kaissis, G and van Rheenen, J and Theis, FJ and Saur, D and Rad, R and Reichert, M},
title = {Heterogeneity-driven phenotypic plasticity and treatment response in branched-organoid models of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.},
journal = {Nature biomedical engineering},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {39658630},
issn = {2157-846X},
abstract = {In patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), intratumoural and intertumoural heterogeneity increases chemoresistance and mortality rates. However, such morphological and phenotypic diversities are not typically captured by organoid models of PDAC. Here we show that branched organoids embedded in collagen gels can recapitulate the phenotypic landscape seen in murine and human PDAC, that the pronounced molecular and morphological intratumoural and intertumoural heterogeneity of organoids is governed by defined transcriptional programmes (notably, epithelial-to-mesenchymal plasticity), and that different organoid phenotypes represent distinct tumour-cell states with unique biological features in vivo. We also show that phenotype-specific therapeutic vulnerabilities and modes of treatment-induced phenotype reprogramming can be captured in phenotypic heterogeneity maps. Our methodology and analyses of tumour-cell heterogeneity in PDAC may guide the development of phenotype-targeted treatment strategies.},
}

@article {pmid39654368,
year = {2024},
author = {Krings, G and Shamir, ER and Laé, M and Bean, GR and Post, MD and Schnitt, SJ and Chen, YY},
title = {Serous-like breast carcinomas: immunophenotypic, genetic, and clinicopathologic characterization of a morphologically distinct group of tumours.},
journal = {Histopathology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/his.15385},
pmid = {39654368},
issn = {1365-2559},
abstract = {AIMS: Unusual morphologic patterns of breast carcinomas can raise diagnostic consideration for metastasis or special breast cancer subtypes with management implications. We describe rare invasive breast cancers that mimic serous carcinoma of the gynaecologic tract (serous-like breast carcinomas, SLBC) and characterize their clinicopathologic, immunophenotypic, and genetic features.

METHODS AND RESULTS: All patients were female (n = 15, median age 49 years) without a history of gynaecologic malignancy. SLBC were characterized histologically by angulated, branched, sometimes anastomosing glands with micropapillary and/or pseudopapillary luminal projections in desmoplastic stroma. Most SLBC were triple-negative (TN, n = 10) or HER2-positive (n = 2) and grade 2 or 3, while some were oestrogen receptor (ER) low-positive/HER2-negative and low-grade (n = 3). CK5/6 was positive irrespective of grade or receptor status (10/10). All SLBC expressed GATA3 (14/15), TRPS1 (7/7), and/or mammaglobin (4/13). SOX10 was positive in most TN (9/10) and all ER low-positive (3/3) cases, but negative in HER2-positive tumours. WT1 was universally negative, and PAX8 was focal in one mammaglobin-positive tumour. All ER-negative SLBC were p53-aberrant and 9/11 were p16-aberrant, whereas ER-positive tumours were wildtype for both markers (3/3). TP53 was the only frequently mutated gene, altered in all ER-negative (10/10) but no ER-positive (0/4) tumours. Clinical behaviour was variable. Only 1/6 patients achieved pathologic complete response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

CONCLUSION: SLBC is a rare morphologic pattern of invasive breast carcinoma that mimics metastatic serous gynaecologic carcinoma, a potential diagnostic pitfall. SLBC are heterogeneous with respect to grade, receptor profile, and oncogenic driver alterations, without specific genetic underpinnings identified. Additional studies are warranted to further evaluate the clinical behaviour of these tumours.},
}

@article {pmid39654135,
year = {2024},
author = {Rasheed, U and Khalid, M and Noor, A and Saeed, U and Uppal, R and Zafar, S},
title = {Genetic assessment of apolipoprotein E polymorphism and PRNP genotypes in rapidly progressive dementias in Pakistan.},
journal = {Prion},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-7},
doi = {10.1080/19336896.2024.2439598},
pmid = {39654135},
issn = {1933-690X},
abstract = {Rapidly progressive dementias (RPDs) are a type of fatal dementias that cause rapid progression of neuronal dysfunction. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of APOE genotypes (ε2, ε3, ε4) and PRNP mutations (E200K, M129V) in the general population of Pakistan because of their association with RPDs, including Rapidly Progressive Alzheimer's Disease (rpAD) and Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD). Blood samples (n = 100) were collected from healthy Pakistani population and the stated mutations were assessed using polymerase chain reaction. In the analysis of the APOE genotype, ε3/ε3 genotype was the most common (95%), followed by ε3/ε4 (5%) and ε2 allele was completely absent. A low frequency of ε4 allele and the absence of a protective ε2 allele is associated with an increased risk of rpAD. In the case of PRNP mutations, the most common genotype was M129-Ε200 (71%) and V129-Ε200 (29%). E200K mutation was completely absent from the given population. It is noteworthy that the MM homozygous genotype was present in 71 samples, VV genotype was present in 29. Homozygosity on codon 129, as observed in most of our samples, has been associated with more efficient production of PrP[Sc] and disease pathology. This study provides preliminary data indicating that rpAD and CJD pose a significant threat to the Pakistani population.},
}

@article {pmid39648131,
year = {2024},
author = {Hashimoto, T and Tsuchiya, K and Sakoda, Y and Ogino, M},
title = {[A Case of Locally Advanced Breast Cancer with Ulceration, in Which the Combination of Mohs' Paste and Systemic Drug Therapy Resulted in Improvement of Quality of Life and Disease Control].},
journal = {Gan to kagaku ryoho. Cancer & chemotherapy},
volume = {51},
number = {11},
pages = {1153-1155},
pmid = {39648131},
issn = {0385-0684},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; *Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy/pathology ; *Quality of Life ; Aged ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use ; Ulcer/drug therapy ; Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/drug therapy/pathology ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Chlorides ; Zinc Compounds ; },
abstract = {Locally advanced breast cancer can lead to self-destruction, necrosis, and malodor, which may reduce the patients' quality of life. We encountered a case where the combination of Mohs' paste and systemic drug therapy for locally advanced breast cancer improved quality of life and achieved marked disease control. The patient, a woman in her 70s, was referred to our department with suspected right breast cancer. After thorough examination, she was diagnosed with cT4bN3aM1(PUL), cStage Ⅳ, invasive ductal carcinoma, HER2 type. Mohs' paste treatment began on the 8th day, and systemic drug therapy was initiated on the 22nd day. Mohs' paste was applied once a week for a total of 4 times, resulting in significant tumor shrinkage. More than 6 months have passed since the start of treatment, and a complete response has been maintained, including pulmonary metastasis. Mohs' paste is a useful treatment for locally advanced breast cancer with self-destruction and necrosis.},
}

Humans
Female
*Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy/pathology
*Quality of Life
Aged
Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use
Ulcer/drug therapy
Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/drug therapy/pathology
Combined Modality Therapy
Chlorides
Zinc Compounds

@article {pmid39645755,
year = {2024},
author = {Parmar, DS and Thakur, MN and Agarwal, I and Ganesh, SR and Vogel, G},
title = {Report of stray sightings of Dendrelaphis proarchos (Wall, 1909) (Serpentes: Colubridae) in Surat, Gujarat, western India.},
journal = {Zootaxa},
volume = {5433},
number = {2},
pages = {231-248},
doi = {10.11646/zootaxa.5433.2.4},
pmid = {39645755},
issn = {1175-5334},
mesh = {Animals ; India ; Male ; *Animal Distribution ; Female ; *Colubridae/anatomy & histology/classification/growth & development ; Animal Structures/anatomy & histology/growth & development ; Body Size ; Ecosystem ; Organ Size ; Humans ; },
abstract = {We here report on likely human-mediated, stray sightings of Dendrelaphis proarchos (Wall, 1909) in an unnatural range-Surat, Gujarat in western India. This population shows the following characters: (1) vertebral scales distinctly enlarged, larger than the dorsals of the first row; (2) 185-194 ventrals; (3) 139-142 divided subcaudals in complete tails; (4) 15 dorsal scale rows at midbody; (5) cloacal shield undivided; (6) one loreal scale; (7) three supralabials touching the eye; (8) a moderate first sublabial that touches two infralabials; (9) 11-12 temporal scales; (10) preoculars 1 or 2; (11) two or three postoculars; (12) maximum total length 1150 mm; (13) interparietal spot absent; (14) a black temporal stripe that does not starts on the postnasal or loreal but starts on the center of the eye follows postoculars (middle or second postocular) covers the majority of the temporal region and extends onto the neck; (15) a distinct, bright ventrolateral stripe bordered by one black line at the bottom; (16) dorsal interstitial color blue and (17) tongue color red with black tip. Data from a partial fragment of the mitochondrial 16S gene also reveal genetic congruence with published sequences from Sagaing and Ayeyarwady in Myanmar and Mizoram, India, further attesting the morphological conclusions. Absence of any sighting of this form in the wild despite long-term (> 15 years) studies in south Gujarat by us, the lack of previous reports of this population especially in natural habitats in Gujarat by colleagues, and reports of many such stray populations of non-native herpetofauna in the coastal port city of Surat together, indicate an unnatural, probably human-mediated, transportation of D. proarchos to Surat. Such likely human-mediated introductions of species outside their native range are a cause for concern and require awareness campaigns among snake rescuers not to 'release' such snakes in the Gujarat forests, but to keep them in zoos or return to the actual point of wild origin, if known or feasible.},
}

Animals
India
Male
*Animal Distribution
Female
*Colubridae/anatomy & histology/classification/growth & development
Animal Structures/anatomy & histology/growth & development
Body Size
Ecosystem
Organ Size
Humans

@article {pmid39644729,
year = {2024},
author = {Nguyen, JK and Li, J and Ding, CC and Weight, CJ and McKenney, JK},
title = {Correlation of large cribriform carcinoma and "unfavorable histology" with other Gleason pattern 4 subtypes: A proof-of-principle study evaluating 485 radical prostatectomy specimens with proposal for the concept of "borderline histology".},
journal = {Annals of diagnostic pathology},
volume = {75},
number = {},
pages = {152427},
doi = {10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2024.152427},
pmid = {39644729},
issn = {1532-8198},
abstract = {Prostatic adenocarcinomas with large cribriform glands/intraductal carcinoma (LC/IDC), or the recently proposed unfavorable histology, are associated with adverse outcomes after radical prostatectomy. However, Gleason pattern 4 carcinomas without LC/IDC (or unfavorable histology) have minimal risk for aggressive clinical behavior after prostatectomy. As proof-of-principle study, we collected a cohort of 485 radical prostatectomy specimens to assess correlations between different subtypes of Gleason pattern 4 disease and the presence of adjacent high-risk prostatic adenocarcinoma, defined as LC/IDC or unfavorable histology. All prostatectomies were completely embedded, and all slides re-reviewed to record Gleason score/Grade Group, diameter of the largest cribriform gland (i.e. the longest cross-sectional distance), and all architectural patterns of carcinoma utilizing previously described Canary methodology. The presence and percent of LC/IDC (defined as >0.25 mm) was determined. We also evaluated correlation with the recently proposed "unfavorable histology" as a secondary endpoint. Complex Gleason pattern 4 subtypes, distinct from LC/IDC and unfavorable histology, were termed "borderline histology" and defined as the presence of any of the following patterns: small cribriform/glomeruloid architecture (≤0.25 mm), dominant population of poorly formed glands/small nests, simple glomerulations, and epithelial complexity associated with extravasated mucin (beyond typical mucinous fibroplasia pattern and not containing cribriform >0.25 mm). Comparisons between recorded variables and LC/IDC (or unfavorable histology) utilized the Wilcoxon test for continuous variables and chi-squared test or Fisher's test for categorical variables. Pearson or phi correlation coefficients were used to assess the association between two variables. "Borderline histology" was significantly correlated to LC/IDC (r = 0.55) and unfavorable histology (r = 0.607), both p < 0.001. Specifically, small cribriform/small glomeruloid architecture had the strongest correlation, compared to the other "borderline histology" subtypes (r = 0.646). We demonstrate that "borderline histology" has a strong association with the concomitant presence of high-risk prostate cancer by current histologic definitions (i.e. LC/IDC and unfavorable histology). This proof-of-principle study suggests that large cohort biopsy-RP correlation studies are needed, as the presence of these patterns on biopsy could potentially aid preoperative risk stratification for patients without other high-risk features at initial evaluation.},
}

@article {pmid39644404,
year = {2024},
author = {Wu, M and Huang, Q and Zhang, L and Liu, Y and Zeng, M and Xie, C},
title = {Apo10 and TKTL1 in blood macrophages as potential biomarkers for early diagnosis of operable breast cancer.},
journal = {Breast cancer research and treatment},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {39644404},
issn = {1573-7217},
support = {A2022465//the Medical Scientific Research Foundation of Guangdong Province of China/ ; 2022A1515011329//the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation/ ; },
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Blood macrophage Apo10 and TKTL1 detection is a novel, noninvasive cancer screening approach, but its relevance in breast cancer remains uncertain. We compared the potential diagnostic value of Apo10 and TKTL1 with commonly used tumor markers in differentiating breast cancer patients.

METHODS: Physical examination and blood sample data from breast cancer patients who did not receive surgery or chemotherapy (retrospective; breast cancer group) and those with benign breast nodules and completely healthy subjects (prospective; control group) were collected from October 2020 to July 2022 at Sun Yat-sen University. Descriptive statistics and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were generated. The area under the ROC curve (AUROC) was calculated to compare the diagnostic efficiency of Apo10 and TKTL1 with conventional biomarkers (carcinoembryonic antigen [CEA], cancer antigens [CA-125, CA-199, CA-153]) in differentiating breast cancer from healthy breasts and benign breast nodules.

RESULTS: From October 2020 to July 2022, 153 breast cancer patients (primarily early-stage disease: n = 113 (73.9%) stage I/II) and 153 control participants (benign breast nodules, n = 56; healthy, n = 97) were included in this study. The breast cancer subtypes were mainly invasive ductal carcinoma (92.8%), with a few cases of DCIS (5.9%), infiltrating lobular carcinoma (0.7%), and mucinous carcinoma (0.7%). Notably, Apo10, TKTL1, and Apo10 + TKTL1 (APT) levels were significantly greater in the cancer group than in the control group (P < 0.001), demonstrating high diagnostic value (AUC = 0.901, 0.871, 0.938) that surpassed CA-125, CA-199, CA-153, and CEA. In a subgroup analysis excluding stage III patients, APT-based breast cancer screening was minimally affected, with the AUROC (0.933-0.938) varying by ≤ 1%.

CONCLUSION: Compared with conventional biomarkers, Apo10, TKTL1, and APT showed superior early-stage breast cancer screening efficacy, potentially emerging as a promising marker for discriminating breast cancer from healthy breasts and nontumoral lesions.},
}

@article {pmid39640102,
year = {2024},
author = {Waeldner, K and Chin, C and Gilbo, P},
title = {Severe Radiation-Induced Brachial Plexopathy: A Case Report on Radiation Toxicity in a Patient With Invasive Ductal Carcinoma.},
journal = {Cureus},
volume = {16},
number = {11},
pages = {e73043},
pmid = {39640102},
issn = {2168-8184},
abstract = {The ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) gene is an important regulator of cell checkpoint signaling and the repair of double-stranded breaks. When the ATM gene is mutated or damaged, cells are less capable of responding to damage induced by radiation therapy (RT). Here, we present a case of a 50-year-old woman with stage IIIA invasive ductal carcinoma of the left breast who had genetic testing revealing pathogenic ATM mutations (c.5290del and c.4396C>G) and a PALB2 mutation (c.1619dup). While guidelines suggest that adjuvant radiation therapy is safe for patients with ATM mutations, this patient experienced severe radiation-induced toxicities, including brachial plexopathy. These ATM mutations have not previously been described as imparting severe radiation-associated toxicities.},
}

@article {pmid39639228,
year = {2024},
author = {Hu, J and Ke, J and Xu, S and Pei, L and Cao, L and Zhou, H and Zhu, X},
title = {The combination of focal breast edema and adjacent vessel sign to assess the behavior of mass-type invasive ductal carcinoma.},
journal = {BMC medical imaging},
volume = {24},
number = {1},
pages = {332},
pmid = {39639228},
issn = {1471-2342},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; *Breast Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging/pathology/complications ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; *Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/diagnostic imaging/pathology/complications ; *Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods ; *Edema/diagnostic imaging/pathology ; Adult ; Aged ; Breast/diagnostic imaging/pathology/blood supply ; Lymphatic Metastasis/diagnostic imaging ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; Neoplasm Grading ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to investigate the association between focal breast edema (FBE) and adjacent vessel sign (AVS) with tumor size, histologic grade, lymphovascular invasion, axillary lymph node status, Ki-67 index, and molecular subtype in breast cancer. These findings have provided valuable insights into the biological characteristics and prognosis of mass-type invasive ductal carcinoma (M-IDC).

METHODS: We retrospectively included patients with M-IDC between January 2016 and December 2021. FBE was evaluated using T2-weighted sequence. AVS was assessed using maximum-intensity projection images obtained using early dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging. The breast peritumor score (BPS) was defined as follows: BPS 1, absence of both edema and AVS; BPS 2, AVS without edema; BPS 3, AVS with peritumoral edema; BPS 4, AVS with prepectoral edema; and BPS 5, AVS with subcutaneous edema. The correlation between different BPS scores and clinicopathological variables was examined using Kendall's tau-b correlation coefficient. The DeLong test was used to compare the performances of three clinicopathological models combined with peritumoral features (FBE, AVS, and BPS) in predicting luminal A-like M-IDC.

RESULTS: In 228 patients with M-IDC, BPS was positively correlated with tumor size, histologic grade, lymphovascular invasion, axillary lymph node status, Ki-67 index, and negatively correlated with estrogen receptor expression (all P < 0.05). Furthermore, BPS 1 was more likely to be present in patients with luminal A-like breast cancer (P < 0.001). Among the three prediction models, the clinicopathological model combined with the BPS model demonstrated superior diagnostic performance for luminal A-like breast cancer.

CONCLUSIONS: The BPS is a valuable, non-invasive biomarker for assessing the aggressiveness of M-IDC and can facilitate treatment planning.},
}

Humans
Female
*Breast Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging/pathology/complications
Middle Aged
Retrospective Studies
*Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/diagnostic imaging/pathology/complications
*Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods
*Edema/diagnostic imaging/pathology
Adult
Aged
Breast/diagnostic imaging/pathology/blood supply
Lymphatic Metastasis/diagnostic imaging
Neoplasm Invasiveness
Neoplasm Grading

@article {pmid39639029,
year = {2024},
author = {Nayak, S and Peto, TJ and Kucharski, M and Tripura, R and Callery, JJ and Quang Huy, DT and Gendrot, M and Lek, D and Nghia, HDT and van der Pluijm, RW and Dong, N and Long, LT and Vongpromek, R and Rekol, H and Hoang Chau, N and Miotto, O and Mukaka, M and Dhorda, M and von Seidlein, L and Imwong, M and Roca, X and Day, NPJ and White, NJ and Dondorp, AM and Bozdech, Z},
title = {Population genomics and transcriptomics of Plasmodium falciparum in Cambodia and Vietnam uncover key components of the artemisinin resistance genetic background.},
journal = {Nature communications},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {10625},
pmid = {39639029},
issn = {2041-1723},
mesh = {*Artemisinins/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; *Plasmodium falciparum/genetics/drug effects ; Cambodia ; *Drug Resistance/genetics ; Humans ; *Malaria, Falciparum/parasitology/drug therapy ; *Antimalarials/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; *Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Vietnam ; Protozoan Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Transcriptome ; Genomics ; Gene Expression Profiling ; },
abstract = {The emergence of Plasmodium falciparum parasites resistant to artemisinins compromises the efficacy of Artemisinin Combination Therapies (ACTs), the global first-line malaria treatment. Artemisinin resistance is a complex genetic trait in which nonsynonymous SNPs in PfK13 cooperate with other genetic variations. Here, we present population genomic/transcriptomic analyses of P. falciparum collected from patients with uncomplicated malaria in Cambodia and Vietnam between 2018 and 2020. Besides the PfK13 SNPs, several polymorphisms, including nonsynonymous SNPs (N1131I and N821K) in PfRad5 and an intronic SNP in PfWD11 (WD40 repeat-containing protein on chromosome 11), appear to be associated with artemisinin resistance, possibly as new markers. There is also a defined set of genes whose steady-state levels of mRNA and/or splice variants or antisense transcripts correlate with artemisinin resistance at the base level. In vivo transcriptional responses to artemisinins indicate the resistant parasite's capacity to decelerate its intraerythrocytic developmental cycle (IDC), which can contribute to the resistant phenotype. During this response, PfRAD5 and PfWD11 upregulate their respective alternatively/aberrantly spliced isoforms, suggesting their contribution to the protective response to artemisinins. PfRAD5 and PfWD11 appear under selective pressure in the Greater Mekong Sub-region over the last decade, suggesting their role in the genetic background of the artemisinin resistance.},
}

*Artemisinins/pharmacology/therapeutic use
*Plasmodium falciparum/genetics/drug effects
Cambodia
*Drug Resistance/genetics
Humans
*Malaria, Falciparum/parasitology/drug therapy
*Antimalarials/pharmacology/therapeutic use
*Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
Vietnam
Protozoan Proteins/genetics/metabolism
Transcriptome
Genomics
Gene Expression Profiling

@article {pmid39637595,
year = {2024},
author = {Mahmood, A and Idrees, R and Vohra, LM},
title = {Concurrence of idiopathic granulomatous mastitis and breast cancer in a patient on neoadjuvant chemotherapy: A case report.},
journal = {International journal of surgery case reports},
volume = {126},
number = {},
pages = {110702},
doi = {10.1016/j.ijscr.2024.110702},
pmid = {39637595},
issn = {2210-2612},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Idiopathic Granulomatous Mastitis is a rare benign inflammatory disease of the breast.

PRESENTATION OF THE CASE: We present a case of 45-year-old woman who was diagnosed with stage II invasive ductal carcinoma in the left breast. While receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy, she developed idiopathic granulomatous mastitis (IGM) in the left breast after the second cycle. She underwent modified radical mastectomy and has been managed with steroids for IGM on the contralateral side, which developed later in the course of the disease. This is a unique finding with limited literature available on similar cases, to the best of our knowledge.

DISCUSSION: IGM poses a diagnostic challenge requiring histopathology for definitive diagnosis.

CONCLUSION: Treatment guidelines of IGM are not established making it difficult to manage.},
}

@article {pmid39637037,
year = {2024},
author = {Jha, A and Chaudhary, RK and Shrivastav, S and Khanal, U},
title = {Ultrasonographic and pathological correlation of asymmetric retroareolar density on mammogram.},
journal = {PloS one},
volume = {19},
number = {12},
pages = {e0301180},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0301180},
pmid = {39637037},
issn = {1932-6203},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; Middle Aged ; *Mammography/methods ; Adult ; *Breast Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging/pathology ; Aged ; Nipples/diagnostic imaging/pathology ; Mastitis/diagnostic imaging/pathology ; Ultrasonography/methods ; Breast Density ; Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/diagnostic imaging/pathology ; Ultrasonography, Mammary/methods ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Retroareolar region refers to the region within two centimeters from the nipple and/or involves the nipple-areolar complex on mammogram. In this study, we graded asymmetric retroareolar density on mammography and determined the underlying cause.

OBJECTIVES: To identify and grade retroareolar densities and evaluate characteristics of lesion using ultrasonography and histopathology.

METHODS: Mammograms with asymmetric retroareolar density done in our tertiary care hospital were included. Retroareolar density was categorized into three grades based on morphological appearance in mammography. Sonography was performed in all patients and tissue diagnosis was obtained for suspicious lesions.

RESULTS: Of the 100 patients included in the study, most of the patients with mammographic grade 1, grade 2 and 3 retroareolar asymmetry had normal sonography, pathologically proven mastitis and invasive ductal carcinoma, respectively. Presenting indication usually was diagnostic (n = 87), lump being most common. Benign (58%) diagnosis was more often present, with equal number of normal studies and malignancies (21%). Frequently pathologically proven malignant lesions (n = 17) had grade 3 asymmetry and none were grade 1. Invasive ductal carcinoma was the most common malignancy while mastitis the most common benign disease.

CONCLUSIONS: Grade I retroareolar asymmetric density on mammography was normal or had a benign etiology while grade 2 or 3 asymmetric density had underlying pathology, often malignancy.

CONTRIBUTION: Grading retroareolar density in mammogram may improve the evaluation of retroareolar region and increase emphasis on higher grades.},
}

Humans
Female
Middle Aged
*Mammography/methods
Adult
*Breast Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging/pathology
Aged
Nipples/diagnostic imaging/pathology
Mastitis/diagnostic imaging/pathology
Ultrasonography/methods
Breast Density
Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/diagnostic imaging/pathology
Ultrasonography, Mammary/methods

@article {pmid39627279,
year = {2024},
author = {Patil, K and Johnston, E and Novack, J and Wallace, G and Lin, M and Pai, SB},
title = {Multifaceted impact of HIV inhibitor dapivirine on triple negative breast cancer cells reveals potential entities as targets for novel therapy.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {14},
number = {1},
pages = {30103},
pmid = {39627279},
issn = {2045-2322},
mesh = {Humans ; *Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy/metabolism ; Female ; *Pyrimidines/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Anti-HIV Agents/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Apoptosis/drug effects ; Cell Proliferation/drug effects ; MCF-7 Cells ; },
abstract = {Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women worldwide. Many breast cancers originate from the cells lining the milk duct and some become invasive. Breast cancer lacking estrogen, progesterone receptors (ER-, PR-) and epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2-) amplification, termed "Triple negative" (TNBC) is reported to frequently affect Black women and younger women. TNBC is an invasive ductal carcinoma with limited treatment options. To this end, we opted to investigate drugs that could be repurposed because they offer advantages in bringing effective treatments faster to the clinic. We chose to study the effect of the drug, dapivirine, a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) of HIV because it could be detected in the breast milk of lactating women when treated for HIV and the drug could potentially target the cancer. Here we show the potent impact of dapivirine on MDA-MB-231 TNBC cells, while NNRTI like nevirapine showed marginal effects. When dapivirine was tested on other breast cell lines, MCF-7 and MCF 10A, the inhibition was at higher concentrations. Molecular studies with dapivirine in TNBC cells, revealed an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS), apoptotic cells, and activation of caspases. Importantly, protein profiling and STRING analysis revealed deregulation of the key molecule, PCNA and impact on pivotal cell signaling circuits including extracellular matrix (ECM), angiogenesis, cell adhesion, and immunomodulation. Of note, is its potential effect on stem-like cells due to downregulation of the basic transcription factor 3 (BTF3) and proteasome activator complex subunit 3; the latter affecting their dependence on the proteasome pathway. Taken together, dapivirine exhibits the potential to be considered as a repurposed drug for TNBC as monotherapy/combination therapy. Notably, it could also potentially be a treatment for individuals with dual ailments, such as HIV and TNBC, if the clinical outcomes with dapivirine for TNBC become favorable.},
}

Humans
*Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy/metabolism
Female
*Pyrimidines/pharmacology/therapeutic use
Cell Line, Tumor
Anti-HIV Agents/pharmacology/therapeutic use
Apoptosis/drug effects
Cell Proliferation/drug effects
MCF-7 Cells

@article {pmid39624628,
year = {2024},
author = {Jiao, S and Chen, J and Shen, J and Peng, A and Chen, R and Lai, B and Luo, C and Fan, Y and Pei, X},
title = {Case report: Triple-negative breast cancer with low tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes infiltration and good prognosis: a case of Tall Cell Carcinoma with Reversed Polarity and review of the literature.},
journal = {Frontiers in oncology},
volume = {14},
number = {},
pages = {1455893},
pmid = {39624628},
issn = {2234-943X},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a great challenge for clinical management due to the high rate of metastatic recurrence and lack of recognised therapeutic targets, while tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) infiltration in TNBC has been discovery provides an opportunity for immunotherapy, and studies have suggested that the level of TILs infiltration is positively correlated with TNBC survival. We found a rare case of TNBC with low TILs infiltration but good prognosis, named Tall Cell Carcinoma with Reversed Polarity (TCCRP), and we investigated it from the perspective of TILs infiltration in order to improve the clinical data of TCCRP.

CASE PRESENTATION: a 54-year-old woman with a left breast mass, breast ultrasound showed BI-RADS IVb, puncture diagnosis of invasive ductal carcinoma, postoperative pathology showed papillary structure, cubic and high columnar arrangement of cells, nuclei far away from the base, interstitial fibroplasia, diagnosed as TCCRP. Immunohistochemistry revealed that the tumours were triple-negative breast cancer (negative for ER, PR, and HER-2), with a low Ki-67 proliferation index. TILs were < 10%, with a small infiltration of CD4[+] and CD8[+] T lymphocytes, positive expression of SMA and FAP, and IDH2, PIK3CA gene mutation. The patient underwent postoperative chemotherapy, 11 months follow-up, no recurrence and metastasis.

CONCLUSION: TCCRP is a rare TNBC with inert biological behaviours and good prognosis. We found low infiltration of TILs in the pathological tissue of this case, which may be a characteristic of TCCRP, and the presence of Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts (CAF) in the interstitium of the tumour in this case may have suppressed the anti-tumour immunity to some extent, and further studies on the immune characteristics of the tumour microenvironment (TME) in TCCRP are needed.},
}

@article {pmid39623100,
year = {2024},
author = {Lim, CH and Lee, JH and Lee, J and Park, SB},
title = {Predictive value of [18]F-fluorodeoxyglucose uptake for axillary lymph node metastasis in operable breast cancer: impact of molecular subtypes.},
journal = {Annals of nuclear medicine},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {39623100},
issn = {1864-6433},
abstract = {OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the predictive value of standardized uptake value (SUV) in both primary tumors and axillary lymph nodes (ALNs) using FDG PET/CT for lymph node metastasis in breast cancer patients, and to assess the influence of molecular subtypes on this predictive performance.

METHODS: This retrospective study included 287 patients with invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) who underwent FDG PET/CT prior to surgery between September 2016 and December 2019. The maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) of primary tumors (SUV-B) and ALNs (SUV-LN) were analyzed. Molecular subtypes were classified as hormone receptor-positive, HER2-positive, and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to assess and compare the diagnostic performance of SUV-B and SUV-LN for predicting ALN metastasis.

RESULTS: Among the 287 patients, 62 (21.6%) had confirmed ALN metastasis. The median SUV-LN was significantly higher in patients with metastasis compared to those without metastasis (1.5 vs. 0.9; P < 0.001). SUV-LN demonstrated good discriminative performance for ALN metastasis (AUC: 0.796), whereas SUV-B did not show significant predictive value (AUC: 0.536). The SUV_LN demonstrated significantly lower predictive performance for ALN metastasis in the hormone-positive group (AUC: 0.796) compared to the excellent discriminative performance in the HER2-positive (AUC: 0.923, P = 0.018) and TNBC (AUC: 0.940, P = 0.004) groups. Hormone receptor-positive tumors also exhibited lower FDG uptake in metastatic lymph nodes compared to HER2-positive and TNBC subtypes (P = 0.031).

CONCLUSION: FDG PET/CT SUV-LN effectively predicts ALN metastasis in HER2-positive and TNBC subtypes. Hormone receptor-positive breast cancers show lower FDG uptake in metastatic ALNs, reducing diagnostic accuracy. This finding may aid in selecting the most appropriate diagnostic modality based on tumor characteristics in the era of personalized medicine.},
}

@article {pmid39621168,
year = {2024},
author = {Im, YJ and Yoon, YC and Sung, DH},
title = {Brachial plexopathy due to perineural tumor spread: a retrospective single-center experience of clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatments, and outcomes.},
journal = {Acta neurochirurgica},
volume = {166},
number = {1},
pages = {490},
pmid = {39621168},
issn = {0942-0940},
mesh = {Humans ; Middle Aged ; Female ; Retrospective Studies ; *Brachial Plexus Neuropathies/diagnosis/etiology ; Male ; Adult ; *Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography/methods ; Aged ; *Breast Neoplasms/pathology/diagnostic imaging ; *Peripheral Nervous System Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging/pathology/diagnosis ; Lung Neoplasms/pathology/diagnostic imaging/diagnosis ; Treatment Outcome ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology/diagnostic imaging/diagnosis ; Thyroid Cancer, Papillary/pathology/diagnostic imaging/diagnosis/surgery/therapy ; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 ; Brachial Plexus/pathology/diagnostic imaging ; Adenocarcinoma of Lung/pathology/diagnostic imaging/diagnosis ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Perineural tumor spread (PNTS) to the brachial plexus (BP) is a rare and challenging condition. This study aimed to elucidate the clinical presentations, diagnostic challenges, and outcomes of patients with PNTS to the BP.

METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed patients diagnosed with PNTS to the BP at our institution between January 2009 and June 2024. Clinical characteristics, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), [18]F-fluorodeoxyglucose ([18]F-FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) findings, and treatment outcomes were analyzed.

RESULTS: Seven patients (mean age, 50.3 years) were identified. The primary cancer diagnoses included invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast (n = 3), metaplastic carcinoma of the breast (n = 1), lung adenocarcinoma (n = 2), and papillary thyroid carcinoma (n = 1). The median time from the initial cancer diagnosis to PNTS symptom onset was 71.0 months. All patients initially presented with progressive unilateral pain or paresthesia, followed by motor weakness. Lower trunk plexopathy was the most common electrodiagnostic finding (n = 5). In most patients, BP MRI showed diffuse tubular enlargement and T2 hyperintensity throughout the BP (n = 6), with gadolinium enhancement primarily in the proximal regions (n = 7). [18]F-FDG PET/CT demonstrated increased uptake in the BP, most prominently at the cervical spinal root or trunk levels (n = 6). Despite treatment, neurological outcomes were generally poor. Six of the seven patients died after a median follow-up of 19 months post-PNTS diagnosis.

CONCLUSIONS: PNTS to the BP can occur years after initial cancer diagnosis and may signify cancer progression. A high index of suspicion is crucial for timely diagnosis, particularly in patients with cancer and progressive upper extremity symptoms. Comprehensive imaging, including BP MRI and PET/CT, is essential for diagnosis. Despite treatment, prognosis remains poor, highlighting the need for improved diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.},
}

Humans
Middle Aged
Female
Retrospective Studies
*Brachial Plexus Neuropathies/diagnosis/etiology
Male
Adult
*Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography/methods
Aged
*Breast Neoplasms/pathology/diagnostic imaging
*Peripheral Nervous System Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging/pathology/diagnosis
Lung Neoplasms/pathology/diagnostic imaging/diagnosis
Treatment Outcome
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology/diagnostic imaging/diagnosis
Thyroid Cancer, Papillary/pathology/diagnostic imaging/diagnosis/surgery/therapy
Fluorodeoxyglucose F18
Brachial Plexus/pathology/diagnostic imaging
Adenocarcinoma of Lung/pathology/diagnostic imaging/diagnosis

@article {pmid39616738,
year = {2024},
author = {Rivera, A and Plumber, N and Louis, M and Grabill, N and Strom, P},
title = {Surgical stress as a potential trigger for spontaneous coronary artery dissection: A case report.},
journal = {International journal of surgery case reports},
volume = {126},
number = {},
pages = {110644},
doi = {10.1016/j.ijscr.2024.110644},
pmid = {39616738},
issn = {2210-2612},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE: Spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) is a rare cause of acute coronary syndrome, predominantly affecting women without traditional cardiovascular risk factors. It is often underdiagnosed, especially in postoperative patients, due to its atypical presentation and the challenges in distinguishing it from other causes of chest pain.

CASE PRESENTATION: We report the case of a 62-year-old woman with type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and recent bilateral mastectomy for invasive ductal carcinoma, who presented three days post-surgery with sudden onset of chest pain radiating to her left arm. Electrocardiography revealed ST-segment depression suggestive of anterior ischemia, and cardiac biomarkers were significantly elevated. Imaging studies were limited due to recent surgery, but urgent coronary angiography identified spontaneous coronary artery dissections.

CLINICAL DISCUSSION: This case highlights the potential role of surgical stress as a precipitating factor for SCAD in patients without traditional cardiovascular risk factors. The physiological stress of major surgery may contribute to arterial wall vulnerability and dissection. Diagnostic challenges in the postoperative setting necessitate a high index of suspicion for timely identification. Conservative management was pursued, aligning with current guidelines that favor non-invasive treatment in stable SCAD cases to prevent further dissection or complications.

CONCLUSION: SCAD should be considered in the differential diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome in postoperative patients presenting with chest pain, even in the absence of significant cardiovascular risk factors. Early recognition and appropriate management are crucial for improving patient outcomes.},
}

@article {pmid39612651,
year = {2024},
author = {Shrestha, LB and Tungatt, K and Aggarwal, A and Stubis, A and Fewings, NL and Fichter, C and Akerman, A and Rodrigo, C and Tedla, N and Lee, S and Lloyd, AR and Brilot, F and Britton, WJ and Kelleher, A and Caterson, ID and Douglas, MW and Rockett, R and Tangye, SG and Triccas, JA and Turville, SG and Sandgren, KJ and Bull, RA and Cunningham, AL and , },
title = {Bivalent Omicron BA.1 vaccine booster increases memory B cell breadth and neutralising antibodies against emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants.},
journal = {EBioMedicine},
volume = {110},
number = {},
pages = {105461},
doi = {10.1016/j.ebiom.2024.105461},
pmid = {39612651},
issn = {2352-3964},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Current literature informs us that bivalent vaccines will generate a broader serum neutralizing antibody response to multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants, but studies on how this breadth relates to the memory B cell (MBC) and T cell responses are sparse. This study compared breadth of neutralising antibody, and memory B and T cell responses to monovalent or a bivalent ancestral/Omicron BA.1 COVID-19 booster vaccine.

METHODS: At baseline and 1-month post-booster, neutralisation activity and frequencies of receptor binding domain (RBD)-specific MBCs and Spike-specific memory T cells were measured against a panel of variants.

FINDINGS: Both vaccines boosted neutralising antibodies to 5 variants - Wuhan-Hu-1, Delta, BA.1, BA.5 and JN.1, the latter of which had not yet emerged at the time of sample collection. The bivalent vaccine induced a significantly larger increase in nAb against BA.1 and JN.1. Both vaccines boosted RBD-specific MBC responses to Wuhan-Hu-1, Delta, BA.1 and BA.5 variants with a significantly greater increase for BA.1 in the bivalent group. The breadth of MBCs was significantly higher in those who received the bivalent boost and correlated with nAb breadth. Both vaccines significantly boosted Spike-specific T cell responses to the Wuhan-Hu-1 and BA.5 variants, but only the bivalent vaccine boosted BA.1 responses.

INTERPRETATION: These results suggest that the bivalent vaccine confers an advantage against future novel variants due to increased frequency of broadly reactive RBD-specific B cells.

FUNDING: Work supported by NSW Health for the NSW Vaccine, Infection and Immunology Collaborative (VIIM).},
}

@article {pmid39443384,
year = {2024},
author = {João, D and Feltri, M and Klubickova, N and Michal, M and Kacerovská, D and Skálová, A},
title = {Apocrine variant of intraductal carcinoma of the parotid gland with sebaceous-like differentiation: expanding morphological and molecular spectrum of an enigmatic entity.},
journal = {Virchows Archiv : an international journal of pathology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {39443384},
issn = {1432-2307},
abstract = {Intraductal carcinoma (IDC) is a rare tumor of the salivary glands. Here, we report a unique case of apocrine IDC of the parotid gland of a 60-year-old male, exhibiting a striking sebaceous-like differentiation. Microscopically, the tumor displayed a papillary growth pattern with apocrine cells (AR-positive; S100/SOX10-negative) and distinct areas harboring clear, vacuolated cells resembling sebaceous cells (CK7/S100/SOX10-positive; AR negative). Molecular genetic analysis revealed mutations in AKT1 and BRAF genes. An AKT1 gene mutation has earlier been described in sclerosing polycystic adenoma (SPA), suggesting a possible link between IDC and SPA, while BRAF V600E mutations were reported in an oncocytic subtype of IDC, but not in the apocrine one. Since IDC is an indolent disease, its recognition is a key to prevent unwarranted overtreatment. Further evidence is needed to determine whether apocrine IDC with sebaceous-like differentiation represents a novel morphological variant of the apocrine subtype of IDC or a novel salivary gland entity.},
}

@article {pmid39612433,
year = {2024},
author = {Tan, M and Luo, L and Wang, T and Zhang, Z and Wei, Y and Long, C},
title = {Two case reports of breast cancer combined with synchronous primary intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma/mixed liver cancer.},
journal = {Medicine},
volume = {103},
number = {48},
pages = {e40653},
doi = {10.1097/MD.0000000000040653},
pmid = {39612433},
issn = {1536-5964},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; *Cholangiocarcinoma/pathology/surgery ; *Neoplasms, Multiple Primary/pathology/surgery ; *Breast Neoplasms/pathology/surgery ; *Bile Duct Neoplasms/pathology/surgery ; *Liver Neoplasms/pathology/surgery ; Middle Aged ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/pathology/surgery ; Aged ; Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology/surgery/diagnosis ; },
abstract = {RATIONALE: This case report discusses multiple primary malignant tumors, which refer to the occurrence of 2 or more different histological types of malignant tumors simultaneously or successively in the same individual.

PATIENT CONCERNS: We present 2 female patients who were admitted to the hospital due to a "left breast mass" and were found to have multiple solid masses in the liver upon imaging.

DIAGNOSES: Postoperative pathology revealed that one patient had breast invasive ductal carcinoma was complicated with primary intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and mixed hepatocellular carcinoma with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.

INTERVENTIONS: Both patients underwent extensive resection of the lesion.

OUTCOMES: Regular postoperative checkups and follow-ups have been conducted, and both patient's current conditions are stable.

LESSONS: The treatment approach adopted in this case report may serve as a favorable reference for the management of similar cases. However, further extensive biological studies are still needed to investigate the biological mechanisms of multiple primary malignant tumors and to discover specific therapeutic approaches to achieve more clinical benefits for patients.},
}

Humans
Female
*Cholangiocarcinoma/pathology/surgery
*Neoplasms, Multiple Primary/pathology/surgery
*Breast Neoplasms/pathology/surgery
*Bile Duct Neoplasms/pathology/surgery
*Liver Neoplasms/pathology/surgery
Middle Aged
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/pathology/surgery
Aged
Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology/surgery/diagnosis

@article {pmid39610583,
year = {2024},
author = {Yasin, R and Zafar, G and Rooman Ali Syed, F and Afzal, S and Fatima, M and Rathore, Z and Chughtai, A and Chughtai, A},
title = {CK5/6 Expression in Molecular Subtypes of Invasive Ductal Carcinoma.},
journal = {Cureus},
volume = {16},
number = {10},
pages = {e72608},
pmid = {39610583},
issn = {2168-8184},
abstract = {Background Breast cancer (BC) is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in women worldwide. There has been a significant increase in the incidence of BC in Pakistan. Family history, older age, obesity, tobacco use, oral contraceptive use, early menarche, and hormonal replacement therapy are among the major risk factors. The most common histological subtype of BC is invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC). Molecular subtypes of BC include mainly Luminal A, Luminal B, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2) enriched, and triple-negative BC subtypes, with the triple-negative subtype having the worst prognosis. CK5/6 serves as a basal keratin biomarker. This aimed to assess the expression of CK5/6 in IDC of the breast belonging to different molecular classes and to compare its expression with traditionally defined prognostic factors for different molecular subtypes. Methodology A cross-sectional, observational study was conducted at the Chughtai Institute of Pathology after approval from the Institutional Review Board (approval number: 1198/IRB/CIP). All cases during a period of six months (April 2023 to September 2023) were sampled using non-probability convenient sampling. All mastectomy samples diagnosed as IDC were included in the study. After standard tissue processing, paraffin tissue blocks and slides were prepared followed by hematoxylin & eosin staining. Hormonal receptors (estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, HER-2) were assessed for cases to segregate them into molecular subtypes. CK5/6 antibody was then applied and the data were collected on a pre-designed proforma. SPSS version 25.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA) was used for data analysis. Results Of a total of 85 cases, 19 (22.3%) were positive for CK5/6. Of these 19 cases, the majority (68%, p = 0.001) belonged to the triple-negative class of tumors, comprising 13 cases. No case from the Luminal A class showed expression for CK5/6 stain (p = 0.028). Overall, four cases of the Luminal B subtype showed CK5/6 positivity (10.8%, p = 0.022) while two cases of the HER-2-enriched subtype were positive for the stain (33.3%, p > 0.05). These results were analyzed in relation to different prognostic factors. The majority of CK5/6-positive cases showed lymphovascular invasion (42%) and belonged to grade 3 tumors (57.8%). Conclusions The expression of CK5/6 in IDC of the breast is associated with poor prognostic factors such as triple-negative molecular subtypes, high histological grade, lymphovascular invasion, positive nodal status, and high pathological stage.},
}

@article {pmid39607443,
year = {2024},
author = {Bernardino, RM and Yin, LB and Lajkosz, K and Cockburn, JG and Wettstein, MS and Woon, D and Nguyen, DD and Sayyid, R and Leão, R and van der Kwast, T and Fleshner, N},
title = {Can the free/total psa ratio predict undetected intraductal carcinoma and cribriform pattern at biopsy?.},
journal = {World journal of urology},
volume = {42},
number = {1},
pages = {651},
pmid = {39607443},
issn = {1433-8726},
support = {2022.13386.BD//Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; *Prostatic Neoplasms/pathology/blood/diagnosis/surgery ; Aged ; *Prostate-Specific Antigen/blood ; *Predictive Value of Tests ; Retrospective Studies ; *Prostatectomy ; Biopsy ; Prostate/pathology ; False Negative Reactions ; Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/pathology/blood/diagnosis ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Intraductal carcinoma (IDC) and cribriform pattern (Crib) of prostate cancer are recognised as independent prognosticators of poor outcome, both in prostate biopsies and radical prostatectomy (RP) specimens.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine the predictive value of Free-to-total PSA ratio (FPSAR) in identifying missed IDC/Crib at the time of biopsy as compared to the final surgical specimen.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients who underwent RP between January 2015 and December 2022 were included in the study. Predictors of a false negative biopsy were examined using a multivariate logistic regression. Associations between true positive/true negative/false negative biopsies (for IDC/Crib) with FPSAR as primary outcome parameter were determined using Chi-squared test and Kruskal-Wallis test.

RESULTS: This study included 639 patients who underwent radical prostatectomy between 2015 and 2022 (Table 1) and had available FPSAR- at the time of biopsy. The median age was 63.0 years (IQR: 58.9-68.0). The median serum PSA before RP was 7.0 ng/ml (IQR: 5.3-9.5). Among the 639 patients, 177 (28%) had Crib, and 97 (15%) had IDC on prostate biopsy, with 54 (9%) patients having both IDC and Crib. Concerning Grade Group distribution at biopsy, there was: GG1 in 62 patients (10%), GG2 in 428 (67%), GG3 in 102 (16%), GG4 in 28 (4%), and GG5 in 19 (3%) patients. On multivariate regression analysis, the following were associated with lower odds of a false-negative IDC/Crib biopsy: Percentage of pattern 4 ≥ 10% at biopsy (odds ratio [OR] 0.17, 95% CI 0.10-0.29; p < 0.001); higher Gleason score (grade group 4/5) on biopsy (OR 0.38, 95% CI 0.16-0.91; p = 0.03) and higher percent of positive cores at biopsy ≥ 33% (OR 0.51, 95% CI 0.29-0.88; p = 0.02). FPSAR ≥ 0.10 was not an independent predictor of a false-negative IDC/Crib biopsy (p > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, our study's findings suggest that FPSAR is not a reliable biomarker for identifying IDC/Crib status at the time of biopsy. Further research is needed to identify biomarkers or combinations of biomarkers that can improve the diagnostic accuracy for these aggressive variants of PCa. Our study that involved 639 patients shows that FPSAR is not a good marker for detecting aggressive types of PCa, during a biopsy. More research is needed to find better markers or combinations of markers that can help diagnose these aggressive forms of prostate cancer more accurately.},
}

Humans
Male
Middle Aged
*Prostatic Neoplasms/pathology/blood/diagnosis/surgery
Aged
*Prostate-Specific Antigen/blood
*Predictive Value of Tests
Retrospective Studies
*Prostatectomy
Biopsy
Prostate/pathology
False Negative Reactions
Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/pathology/blood/diagnosis

@article {pmid39605123,
year = {2024},
author = {Noroozpoor, M and Mozdarani, H and Rahbar Parvaneh, R and Lashkari, M},
title = {Evaluation of TP53TG1 and PANDA lncRNAs expression in association with adjuvant chemotherapy response in the peripheral blood of invasive ductal carcinoma patients.},
journal = {Cellular and molecular biology (Noisy-le-Grand, France)},
volume = {70},
number = {10},
pages = {58-63},
doi = {10.14715/cmb/2024.70.10.9},
pmid = {39605123},
issn = {1165-158X},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant ; *RNA, Long Noncoding/genetics/blood ; *Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy/genetics/blood ; Middle Aged ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects ; Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/drug therapy/genetics/blood ; Adult ; Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics/blood ; },
abstract = {Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women. Breast cancer, the second leading cause of cancer deaths, affects 2.1 million women each year and is estimated to have killed 627,000 women worldwide in 2018. Unfortunately, the age of onset of this cancer in our country IRAN is about 10 years lower than the global average and is close to 45 years. Chemotherapy is one of the basic treatments for cancer. Predicting the benefits of chemotherapy is challenging. Studies are now underway to use gene expression tests to pinpoint patients who are most likely to benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy. In the present study, the expression of two long non-coding RNAs TP53TG1 and PANDA in the blood of breast cancer patients before and after receiving chemotherapy compared with this amount in the blood of normal people using Real-Time RT PCR technique to find a meaningful relationship ¬ Compared statistically. Compared to normal samples, the expression level of TP53TG1 in the blood of patients was reduced. Although it was not statistically significant. Its expression also increased after receiving chemotherapy. Compared to normal samples, the expression of PANDA in the blood of patients was increased, which was statistically significant. Also, its expression decreased after receiving chemotherapy. These findings suggest that PANDA and TP53TG1 expression levels may be possible markers associated with tumorigenesis and may also be considered as possible indicators of response to chemotherapy.},
}

Humans
Female
Chemotherapy, Adjuvant
*RNA, Long Noncoding/genetics/blood
*Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy/genetics/blood
Middle Aged
*Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/drug therapy/genetics/blood
Adult
Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics/blood

@article {pmid39602906,
year = {2024},
author = {Hrizat, AS and Doxzon, KA and Post, RP and Brachtel, EF},
title = {Diagnostic Accuracy and Clinical Utility of Fine-Needle Aspiration in Breast Lesions: A Correlation with Surgical Pathology.},
journal = {Acta cytologica},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-17},
doi = {10.1159/000542811},
pmid = {39602906},
issn = {1938-2650},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Fine-needle aspiration (FNA) is a valuable diagnostic tool for evaluating breast lesions, yet its use is less frequent compared to core needle biopsies. This study aims to assess the diagnostic performance and clinical utility of FNA in correlation with surgical pathology outcomes.

METHODS: We performed a three-year retrospective search using our institutional database to identify cases of breast mass FNAs performed by interventional radiologists under ultrasound guidance. We reviewed cytopathology reports and glass slides, and correlated cytologic diagnoses with concurrent or subsequent surgical pathology results.

RESULTS: A total of 65 breast FNA cases from --- patients were reviewed. The diagnostic outcomes were: 23% insufficient for diagnosis, 11% atypical, 8% suspicious for malignancy, 3% positive for malignancy, and 55% negative for malignancy. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of FNA for detecting malignancy were 76%, 96%, 93%, and 85%, respectively. One false positive case, categorized as atypical due to degenerative changes, was later confirmed as benign apocrine metaplasia. Three false negative cases, initially categorized as non-diagnostic, were later diagnosed as invasive ductal carcinoma, Hodgkin lymphoma, and papillary carcinoma. An additional false negative case, categorized under negative for malignancy, was later diagnosed as invasive ductal carcinoma.

CONCLUSION: Breast FNAs, while less frequently performed than core needle biopsies, provide significant diagnostic insights, particularly for cystic lesions. The study demonstrates high specificity and PPV for FNA in detecting malignancy, underscoring its value as a diagnostic tool when integrated with imaging and clinical assessment. These findings support the continued use of FNA in the diagnostic evaluation of breast lesions.},
}

@article {pmid39600551,
year = {2024},
author = {Dhawan, S and Mattathil, F and Malik, I and Khyathi, M and Bhakar, B},
title = {Leptomeningeal Disease Secondary to Invasive Ductal Carcinoma of the Breast: A Rapidly Progressive and Fatal Complication.},
journal = {Cureus},
volume = {16},
number = {11},
pages = {e74421},
pmid = {39600551},
issn = {2168-8184},
abstract = {Leptomeningeal disease (LMD) is a rare yet serious complication of advanced malignancy, often seen in breast cancer and associated with a poor prognosis. This case report highlights the rapid progression and diagnostic challenges encountered in a woman in her 40s with advanced breast cancer who presented with severe headaches, absence seizures, and diplopia. The patient's complex past history included invasive ductal carcinoma, prior brain metastasis, and recent craniotomy, which added significant challenges to diagnosis and management. Clinical investigations included computed tomography (CT) of the head, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the orbit and head, electroencephalography (EEG), and lumbar puncture, which indicated optic nerve sheath enhancement, ventricular prominence, coating of facial and vestibulocochlear nerves, and cerebrospinal fluid abnormalities suggestive of LMD. Although empiric treatment for bacterial and tuberculous meningitis was initiated, the patient's rapid decline necessitated an aggressive multimodal approach. Management included high-dose corticosteroids, broad-spectrum antibiotics, antitubercular drugs, and anticonvulsants, though her seizures persisted. Ultimately, comfort-focused care was prioritized as her condition remained refractory to interventions, and she was transitioned to palliative care. This case emphasizes the need for early suspicion, prompt multidisciplinary involvement, and the challenges in managing complex oncological cases with atypical neurological manifestations. The poor prognosis associated with LMD reflects the limitations of current therapeutic strategies and the need for a nuanced approach to care.},
}

@article {pmid39593081,
year = {2024},
author = {Trippler, L and Ali, SM and Masoud, MO and Mohammed, ZH and Amour, AK and Suleiman, KR and Ame, SM and Kabole, F and Hattendorf, J and Knopp, S},
title = {Impact of chemical snail control on intermediate host snail populations for urogenital schistosomiasis elimination in Pemba, Tanzania: findings of a 3-year intervention study.},
journal = {Parasites & vectors},
volume = {17},
number = {1},
pages = {489},
pmid = {39593081},
issn = {1756-3305},
support = {PR00P3_179753 / 1//Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung/ ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The World Health Organization (WHO) has set the goal of eliminating schistosomiasis as a public health problem globally by 2030 and to interrupt transmission in selected areas. Chemical snail control is one important measure to reduce transmission and achieve local elimination. We aimed to assess the impact of several rounds of chemical snail control on the presence and number of the Schistosoma haematobium intermediate snail host (Bulinus spp.) in water bodies (WBs) on Pemba Island, Tanzania, a setting targeted for elimination of urogenital schistosomiasis.

METHODS: During the three annual intervention periods of the SchistoBreak study implemented in the north of Pemba from 2020 to 2024, malacological surveys were conducted up to four times per period in WBs of hotspot implementation units (IUs). Present freshwater snail species, vegetation, and WB characteristics were recorded. If Bulinus were found, the snails were inspected for Schistosoma infection and snail control with niclosamide was conducted.

RESULTS: Across the three intervention periods, a total of 112 WBs were identified in 8 hotspots IUs. The spatial distribution of WBs with Bulinus per IU was heterogeneous, ranging from 0.0% (0/15) of WBs infested in one IU in 2022 to 80.0% (8/10) of WBs infested in one IU in 2021. Bulinus presence was significantly associated with lower pH values in WBs (odds ratio: 0.2, 95% confidence interval 0.1-0.4). A total of 0.2% (6/2360) of collected Bulinus were shedding Schistosoma cercariae. Following snail control, the number of Bulinus decreased or remained absent in 56.7% (38/67) of visits at WBs when compared with the previous visit in 2021, 54.9% (28/51) in 2022, and 33.3% (32/96) in 2023. In a total of 43.1% (22/55) of initially infested WBs, no Bulinus were found in the survey round conducted a few weeks after the first application of niclosamide. However, 25.4% (14/55) of WBs showed a pattern of recurring Bulinus presence.

CONCLUSIONS: The distribution of WBs containing Bulinus was very heterogeneous. The percentage of Bulinus with patent Schistosoma infection in our study area was extremely low. Repeated niclosamide application reduced the number of Bulinus in WBs, but snails often recurred after one or multiple treatments. While chemical mollusciciding can reduce snail numbers, to fully break the S. haematobium transmission cycle, timely diagnosis and treatment of infected humans, access to clean water, sanitation, and health communication remain of prime importance.

TRIAL REGISTRATION: ISRCTN, ISRCTN91431493. Registered 11 February. 2020, https://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN91431493.},
}

@article {pmid39592308,
year = {2024},
author = {Wang, Y and Teramoto, Y and Miyamoto, H},
title = {Cribriform intraductal carcinoma of the prostate may be more aggressive than cribriform conventional/acinar prostatic adenocarcinoma.},
journal = {Pathology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.pathol.2024.08.012},
pmid = {39592308},
issn = {1465-3931},
abstract = {It remains to be determined if the prognostic value of cribriform morphology (Crib) associated with intraductal carcinoma of the prostate (IDC) is equivalent to that in conventional/acinar prostatic adenocarcinoma (CPA). We herein assessed radical prostatectomy findings and long-term oncologic outcomes in 732 men with Grade Group 2-4 CPA without any Gleason pattern 5. Our cases were divided into four cohorts according to the absence or presence of Crib within CPA and/or IDC: Cohort-1, no Crib (n=347; 47.4%); Cohort-2, Crib only in CPA (n=203; 27.7%); Cohort-3, Crib only in IDC (n=17; 2.3%); and Cohort-4, Crib in both CPA and IDC (n=165; 22.5%). Compared with that in CPA only (Cohort-2), Crib in both CPA and IDC (Cohort-4) was significantly associated with adverse histopathological features, including higher tumour grade/stage and larger tumour volume. Univariate analysis revealed significantly higher risks of postoperative recurrence in patients with Crib in IDC only [Cohort-3; hazard ratio (HR) 2.450, p=0.022] or both CPA and IDC (Cohort-4; HR 2.835, p<0.001) than in those with Crib in CPA only (Cohort-2), whereas the prognosis was analogous between Cohort-3 and Cohort-4 (p=0.913). In a multivariable analysis [Crib in CPA only (Cohort-2) as a reference], Crib in IDC only (Cohort-3; HR 3.821, p=0.002) or both CPA and IDC (Cohort-4; HR 1.905, p=0.004) showed significantly worse recurrence-free survival. Compared with Crib in CPA only, its presence in both CPA and IDC was thus found to be independently associated with a poorer prognosis, suggesting a potentially greater clinical impact of Crib in IDC than in CPA.},
}

@article {pmid39578650,
year = {2024},
author = {Berriel Diaz, M and Rohm, M and Herzig, S},
title = {Cancer cachexia: multilevel metabolic dysfunction.},
journal = {Nature metabolism},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {39578650},
issn = {2522-5812},
support = {949017//EC | EU Framework Programme for Research and Innovation H2020 | H2020 Priority Excellent Science | H2020 European Research Council (H2020 Excellent Science - European Research Council)/ ; },
abstract = {Cancer cachexia is a complex metabolic disorder marked by unintentional body weight loss or 'wasting' of body mass, driven by multiple aetiological factors operating at various levels. It is associated with many malignancies and significantly contributes to cancer-related morbidity and mortality. With emerging recognition of cancer as a systemic disease, there is increasing awareness that understanding and treatment of cancer cachexia may represent a crucial cornerstone for improved management of cancer. Here, we describe the metabolic changes contributing to body wasting in cachexia and explain how the entangled action of both tumour-derived and host-amplified processes induces these metabolic changes. We discuss energy homeostasis and possible ways that the presence of a tumour interferes with or hijacks physiological energy conservation pathways. In that context, we highlight the role played by metabolic cross-talk mechanisms in cachexia pathogenesis. Lastly, we elaborate on the challenges and opportunities in the treatment of this devastating paraneoplastic phenomenon that arise from the complex and multifaceted metabolic cross-talk mechanisms and provide a status on current and emerging therapeutic approaches.},
}

@article {pmid39574516,
year = {2024},
author = {De la Mata, D and Santiago-Concha, BG and Bargalló-Rocha, JE and Robles-Vidal, CD and Gómez-Pue, D and Castorena-Rojí, G and Hinojosa-Gómez, J and Flores-Vázquez, F and Blake-Cerda, M and Enriquez-Barrera, M and Maffuz-Aziz, A},
title = {Outcomes From Real-World Data on Intraoperative Electronic Radiotherapy for the Treatment of Early-Stage Breast Cancer: Long-Term Recurrence and Survival Outcomes From a Single Center.},
journal = {International journal of breast cancer},
volume = {2024},
number = {},
pages = {6207762},
pmid = {39574516},
issn = {2090-3170},
abstract = {Purpose: This study is aimed at investigating the 10-year outcomes of intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT) in Mexican women with early breast cancer (EBC) treated at the Centro Medico ABC, Mexico City. Methods: A cohort study included women with early-stage invasive ductal carcinoma aged ≥ 45 years without prior oncologic treatment, tumor size ≤ 3.5 cm, cN0M0, positive hormone receptors, margins ≥ 2 mm, negative sentinel lymph nodes, and no extensive lymphovascular invasion. IORT was administered at 20 Gy for 20-30 min after a lumpectomy. Follow-up extended over 10 years and included clinical examinations every 6 months for the first 18 months, followed by annual mammograms and conventional examinations. Patients out of the criteria were excluded from this study because they were referred for additional surgery and/or whole-breast radiation therapy. Results: The study involved 238 patients with an average age of 61.1 years. The mean tumor size was 12 mm, and the percentages of lymphatic invasion, positive hormone receptors, and HER2/neu overexpression were 12.6%, 90.8%, and 2.1%, respectively. The median follow-up was 66.6 months (range: 1-126 months), and the overall survival and mastectomy-free rate reached 95.7% and 90%, respectively. Thirteen patients showed side effects; four recurrences were recorded, of which 50% were out-field relapses. The 5-year Kaplan-Meier probability of local relapses, mastectomy-free, and overall survival reached 97.5%, 100%, and 98%, respectively. Conclusions: This is the first 10-year report about the effect of IORT on Mexican women with EBC in the early stages. Strict adherence to the selection criteria in this study resulted in low rates of side effects, mortality, and local recurrences, demonstrating that IORT is an effective treatment alternative for patients with EBC. Studies with a longer follow-up period should be performed, as recurrences can occur in the long term.},
}

@article {pmid39574405,
year = {2024},
author = {Yang, X and Duan, S and Zha, J and Jiang, T and Ye, C and Yu, S},
title = {Phosphorylated protein kinase R (PKR)-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK) expression in breast cancer is correlated with malignant proliferation and histological grading.},
journal = {Histology and histopathology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {18847},
doi = {10.14670/HH-18-847},
pmid = {39574405},
issn = {1699-5848},
support = {gxbjZD2022105//Academic sponsorship project for top talents in university disciplines/ ; 2022AH052549//Science Foundation of Anhui Province, China/ ; },
abstract = {This study aims to detect the expression of phosphorylated PERK in breast cancer using immunohistochemistry and explore its significance. We examined 134 cases of formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded breast cancer tissues. It was found that the expression of phosphorylated PERK in ductal carcinoma was higher than that in lobular carcinoma, and the difference between them was statistically significant, suggesting that phosphorylated PERK played different roles in the occurrence and development of different types of breast cancer. Compared with Ki-67-negative breast cancer tissues, phosphorylated PERK has higher expression in Ki-67-positive tissues and is positively correlated with Ki67 expression, indicating that phosphorylated PERK plays an important role in breast cancer's malignant proliferation and progression. We also found a positive correlation between phosphorylated PERK expression and the histological grading of invasive ductal carcinoma, indicating that phosphorylated PERK plays an important role in the differentiation of invasive ductal carcinoma. Our study revealed the differential expression of phosphorylated PERK in subtypes of breast cancer. It contributed to the malignant proliferation of breast cancer and tissue differentiation of invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast.},
}

@article {pmid39574126,
year = {2024},
author = {Zhang, H and Zhao, T and Ding, J and Wang, Z and Cao, N and Zhang, S and Xie, K and Sun, J and Gao, L and Li, X and Ni, X},
title = {Differentiation between invasive ductal carcinoma and ductal carcinoma in situ by combining intratumoral and peritumoral ultrasound radiomics.},
journal = {Biomedical engineering online},
volume = {23},
number = {1},
pages = {117},
pmid = {39574126},
issn = {1475-925X},
support = {JSDW202237//Jiangsu Provincial Medical Key Discipline Construction Unit (Oncology Therapeutics (Radiotherapy))/ ; BE2022720//Social Development Project of Jiangsu Provincial Key Research & Development Plan/ ; M2020006//General Project of Jiangsu Provincial Health Commission/ ; BK20231190//Natural Science Research of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China/ ; CE20235063//Changzhou Social Development Project/ ; 62371243//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; Middle Aged ; *Ultrasonography ; *Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/diagnostic imaging/pathology ; Female ; *Breast Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/diagnostic imaging/pathology ; Retrospective Studies ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted/methods ; Adult ; Aged ; Machine Learning ; Radiomics ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: This study aimed to develop and validate an ultrasound radiomics model for distinguishing invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) from ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) by combining intratumoral and peritumoral features.

METHODS: Retrospective analysis was performed on 454 patients from Chengzhong Hospital. The patients were randomly divided in accordance with a ratio of 8:2 into a training group (363 cases) and validation group (91 cases). In addition, 175 patients from Yanghu Hospital were used as the external test group. The peritumoral ranges were set to 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 mm. Mann-Whitney U-test, recursive feature elimination, and a least absolute shrinkage and selection operator were used to in the dimension reduction of the radiomics features and clinical knowledge, and machine learning logistic regression classifiers were utilized to construct the diagnostic model. The area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristics, accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity were used to evaluate the model performance.

RESULTS: By combining peritumoral features of different ranges, the AUC of the radiomics model was improved in the validation and test groups. In the validation group, the maximum increase in AUC was 9.7% (P = 0.031, AUC = 0.803) when the peritumoral range was 8 mm. Similarly, when the peritumoral range was only 8 mm in the test group, the maximum increase in AUC was 4.9% (P = 0.005, AUC = 0.770). In this study, the best prediction performance was achieved when the peritumoral range was only 8 mm.

CONCLUSIONS: The ultrasound-based radiomics model that combined intratumoral and peritumoral features exhibits good ability to distinguish between IDC and DCIS. The selection of peritumoral range size exerts an important effect on the prediction performance of the radiomics model.},
}

Humans
Middle Aged
*Ultrasonography
*Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/diagnostic imaging/pathology
Female
*Breast Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging
Diagnosis, Differential
Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/diagnostic imaging/pathology
Retrospective Studies
Image Processing, Computer-Assisted/methods
Adult
Aged
Machine Learning
Radiomics

@article {pmid39572000,
year = {2024},
author = {Sakurai, K and Suzuki, S and Adachi, K and Hirano, T and Kubota, H and Sakamoto, A and Osakaya, A and Fujisaki, S and Ono, T and Tsuji, T},
title = {[Long-Term Response to CDK4/6 Inhibitor for Multiple Metastases of Breast Cancer].},
journal = {Gan to kagaku ryoho. Cancer & chemotherapy},
volume = {51},
number = {10},
pages = {1071-1073},
pmid = {39572000},
issn = {0385-0684},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; *Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy/pathology ; *Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4/antagonists & inhibitors ; *Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 6/antagonists & inhibitors ; Middle Aged ; Time Factors ; Protein Kinase Inhibitors/therapeutic use ; Aminopyridines/therapeutic use/administration & dosage ; Benzimidazoles ; },
abstract = {The patient was a 60-year-old woman. She was diagnosed with hypertension, symptomatic epilepsy, renal failure, and cerebral infarction. During follow-up, she was found to have a mass in her left breast and was referred to our department. An irregular mass measuring 5 cm in diameter was palpated in the C region of the left breast. Multiple enlarged lymph nodes, thought to be metastases, were also palpated in the ipsilateral axillary lymph nodes. A needle biopsy revealed invasive ductal carcinoma, ER positive, PgR positive, HER2 negative, Ki-67 12%. A systemic examination revealed bone metastasis. Surgery was not possible due to comorbidities, so fulvestrant(500 mg/month)+denosumab(120 mg/month)was started. Furthermore, as the tumor markers were elevated, abemaciclib(300 mg/day)was added, which resulted in a decrease in the tumor markers. After 1 month of administration, grade 3 neutropenia was observed, so the dosage was reduced to 200 mg/day. During the course of treatment, the tumor markers rose again, so the dose was increased to 250 mg/day, which resulted in a decrease in the tumor markers and good tolerability. At present, 36 months after the start of treatment, long SD has continued, no adverse events of grade 3 or higher have been observed, and the drug has been well tolerated.},
}

Humans
Female
*Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy/pathology
*Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4/antagonists & inhibitors
*Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 6/antagonists & inhibitors
Middle Aged
Time Factors
Protein Kinase Inhibitors/therapeutic use
Aminopyridines/therapeutic use/administration & dosage
Benzimidazoles

@article {pmid39571998,
year = {2024},
author = {Adachi, K and Nagae, J and Kubota, H and Suzuki, S and Hirano, T and Saigusa, N and Henmi, T and Yagishita, H and Tsuda, H and Sakurai, K},
title = {[Early Breast Cancer Treated with Adjuvant S-1 plus Endocrine Therapy-A Report of Two Cases].},
journal = {Gan to kagaku ryoho. Cancer & chemotherapy},
volume = {51},
number = {10},
pages = {1065-1067},
pmid = {39571998},
issn = {0385-0684},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; *Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy/pathology/surgery ; *Oxonic Acid/administration & dosage/therapeutic use ; Aged ; *Drug Combinations ; *Tegafur/administration & dosage/therapeutic use ; Middle Aged ; *Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use ; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant ; Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal/therapeutic use ; },
abstract = {We report 2 cases of early breast cancer treated with adjuvant S-1 plus endocrine therapy. In case 1, a 70-year-old woman was diagnosed with right breast cancer and underwent partial mastectomy. The histopathological diagnosis was invasive ductal carcinoma(solid type), positive for estrogen receptor(ER)and progesterone receptor(PgR), negative for HER2/neu. The Ki-67 labeling index was 14%. The diameter of invasion was 27 mm, no lymph node metastasis was observed, and we confirmed the diagnosis as pT2N0M0, Stage ⅡA. A venous invasion was observed and the histological grade was Ⅱ. In case 2, a 53-year-old woman was diagnosed with left breast cancer and underwent lumpectomy. The histopathological findings showed a solid-tubular carcinoma, characterized by ER-positive, PgR-positive, HER2-negative. The Ki-67 labeling index was 24%. The tumor had an invasion of 20 mm and was diagnosed as Stage Ⅰ early-stage cancer, but there were some venous invasions and the histological grade was Ⅲ. We judged that both patients were at intermediate risk of recurrence and administered S-1 in addition to endocrine therapy. Even in cases without axillary lymph node metastasis, this combination of S-1 with endocrine therapy was considered to be a useful treatment option if the criteria of the POTENT trial were met.},
}

Humans
Female
*Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy/pathology/surgery
*Oxonic Acid/administration & dosage/therapeutic use
Aged
*Drug Combinations
*Tegafur/administration & dosage/therapeutic use
Middle Aged
*Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use
Chemotherapy, Adjuvant
Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal/therapeutic use

@article {pmid39567714,
year = {2024},
author = {Khan, B and Qahwaji, R and Alfaifi, MS and Athar, T and Khan, A and Mobashir, M and Ashankyty, I and Imtiyaz, K and Alahmadi, A and Rizvi, MMA},
title = {Deciphering molecular landscape of breast cancer progression and insights from functional genomics and therapeutic explorations followed by in vitro validation.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {14},
number = {1},
pages = {28794},
pmid = {39567714},
issn = {2045-2322},
mesh = {Humans ; *Breast Neoplasms/genetics/pathology/drug therapy ; Female ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Genomics/methods ; Gene Regulatory Networks ; Disease Progression ; Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics/metabolism ; Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/genetics/pathology/drug therapy ; Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/genetics/pathology/drug therapy ; Molecular Docking Simulation ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Prognosis ; Cell Line, Tumor ; },
abstract = {Breast cancer is caused by aberrant breast cells that proliferate and develop into tumors. Tumors have the potential to spread throughout the body and become lethal if ignored. Metastasis is the process by which invasive tumors move to neighboring lymph nodes or other organs. Metastasis can be lethal and perhaps fatal. The objective of our study was to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the transition of Ductal Carcinoma In Situ (DCIS) to Invasive Ductal Carcinoma (IDC), with a particular focus on hub genes and potential therapeutic agents. Using Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA), we built a comprehensive network combining clinical and phenotypic data from both DCIS and IDC. Modules within this network, correlated with specific phenotypic traits, were identified, and hub genes were identified as critical markers. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis assessed their potential as biomarkers, while survival curve analysis gauged their prognostic value. Furthermore, molecular docking predicted interactions with potential therapeutic agents. Ten hub genes-CDK1, KIF11, NUF2, ASPM, CDCA8, CENPF, DTL, EXO1, KIF2C, and ZWINT-emerged as pivotal fibroblast-specific genes potentially involved in the DCIS to IDC transition. These genes exhibited pronounced positive correlations with key pathways like the cell cycle and DNA repair, Molecular docking revealed Fisetin, an anti-inflammatory compound, effectively binding to both CDK1 and DTL underscoring their role in orchestrating cellular transformation. CDK1 and DTL were selected for molecular docking with CDK1 inhibitors, revealing effective binding of Fisetin, an anti-inflammatory compound, to both. Of the identified hub genes, DTL-an E3 ubiquitin ligase linked to the CRL4 complex-plays a central role in cancer progression, impacting tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis, as well as cell cycle regulation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). CDK1, another hub gene, is pivotal in cell cycle progression and associated with various biological processes. In conclusion, our study offers insights into the complex mechanisms driving the transition from DCIS to IDC. It underscores the importance of hub genes and their potential interactions with therapeutic agents, particularly Fisetin. By shedding light on the interplay between CDK1 and DTL expression, our findings contribute to understanding the regulatory landscape of invasive ductal carcinoma and pave the way for future investigations and novel therapeutic avenues.},
}

Humans
*Breast Neoplasms/genetics/pathology/drug therapy
Female
*Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
Genomics/methods
Gene Regulatory Networks
Disease Progression
Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics/metabolism
Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/genetics/pathology/drug therapy
Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/genetics/pathology/drug therapy
Molecular Docking Simulation
Gene Expression Profiling
Prognosis
Cell Line, Tumor

@article {pmid39566250,
year = {2024},
author = {Han, M and Schmolze, D and Arias-Stella, JA and Wei, CH and Mortimer, J and Fan, F},
title = {Poor response of HER2-positive mucinous carcinomas of breast to neoadjuvant HER2-targeted therapy: A study of four cases.},
journal = {Annals of diagnostic pathology},
volume = {74},
number = {},
pages = {152396},
doi = {10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2024.152396},
pmid = {39566250},
issn = {1532-8198},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Breast mucinous carcinoma (MC) is typically positive for estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) expressions and negative for human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER2) overexpression. HER2 positive MC is a rare entity; its response to neoadjuvant HER2-targeted therapy remains unclear.

METHODS: Four cases of HER2 positive MC and seven cases of HER2 positive invasive ductal carcinoma with mucinous features (MCF) were identified. Clinicopathologic features were collected. Patients' germline data was gathered if available. Tumor's response to HER2-directed treatment were recorded and compared.

RESULTS: Two HER2 positive MCs were treated with neoadjuvant HER2-directed treatment and showed no response in the subsequent surgical resection specimens including one positive lymph node showing no treatment effect. One patient had upfront surgery. The fourth patient presented with advanced stage and showed progression on HER2-directed treatment. Six HER2 positive MCFs received neoadjuvant HER2-directed therapy; two cases showed complete pathologic response and four had only minimal residual carcinomas in the breast. Two cases with positive lymph nodes had complete response in the lymph nodes. The seventh patient presented at an advanced stage and was stable on HER2-directed treatment.

CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that HER2 positive MCs may be resistant to HER2-directed treatment. This is in contrast with the excellent treatment response observed in HER2 positive MCFs. It is important to report mucinous carcinoma percentage in biopsies on HER2 positive tumors as it may be related to treatment response. Further investigation of the underlying mechanisms may help optimize clinical management in this patient population.},
}

@article {pmid39563922,
year = {2024},
author = {Santhanam, H and Muthukumarasamy, N and Hsieh, MK and Brust, K and Wellington, M and Naito, T and Samuelson, RJ and Marra, AR and Kobayashi, T},
title = {Systematic review and meta-analysis of the impact of infectious diseases consultation on outcomes of Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia in children.},
journal = {Antimicrobial stewardship & healthcare epidemiology : ASHE},
volume = {4},
number = {1},
pages = {e199},
pmid = {39563922},
issn = {2732-494X},
abstract = {For adult patients with Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia (SAB), Infectious Diseases consultation (IDC) significantly lowers mortality and recurrence rate. Our systematic review and meta-analysis demonstrate that IDC is also associated with significantly lower mortality in children with SAB. Analysis of the impact of IDC on pediatric recurrence rates revealed moderate heterogeneity.},
}

@article {pmid39560723,
year = {2024},
author = {Cendrowski, J and Wrobel, M and Mazur, M and Jary, B and Maurya, R and Wang, S and Korostynski, M and Dziewulska, A and Rohm, M and Kuropka, P and Pudelko-Malik, N and Mlynarz, P and Dobrzyn, A and Zeigerer, A and Miaczynska, M},
title = {NFκB and JNK pathways mediate metabolic adaptation upon ESCRT-I deficiency.},
journal = {Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS},
volume = {81},
number = {1},
pages = {458},
pmid = {39560723},
issn = {1420-9071},
support = {POIR.04.04.00-00-1C54/16-00//Fundacja na rzecz Nauki Polskiej/ ; POIR.04.04.00-00-20CE/16-00//Fundacja na rzecz Nauki Polskiej/ ; },
mesh = {*Endosomal Sorting Complexes Required for Transport/metabolism/genetics ; Humans ; *NF-kappa B/metabolism ; *Glycolysis/genetics ; Lysosomes/metabolism ; MAP Kinase Signaling System ; Mitochondria/metabolism ; Adaptation, Physiological/genetics ; Transcription Factors/metabolism/genetics ; Glucose/metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins ; },
abstract = {Endosomal Sorting Complexes Required for Transport (ESCRTs) are crucial for delivering membrane receptors or intracellular organelles for lysosomal degradation which provides the cell with lysosome-derived nutrients. Yet, how ESCRT dysfunction affects cell metabolism remained elusive. To address this, we analyzed transcriptomes of cells lacking TSG101 or VPS28 proteins, components of ESCRT-I subcomplex. ESCRT-I deficiency reduced the expression of genes encoding enzymes involved in oxidation of fatty acids and amino acids, such as branched-chain amino acids, and increased the expression of genes encoding glycolytic enzymes. The changes in metabolic gene expression were associated with Warburg effect-like metabolic reprogramming that included intracellular accumulation of lipids, increased glucose/glutamine consumption and lactate production. Moreover, depletion of ESCRT-I components led to expansion of the ER and accumulation of small mitochondria, most of which retained proper potential and performed ATP-linked respiration. Mechanistically, the observed transcriptional reprogramming towards glycolysis in the absence of ESCRT-I occurred due to activation of the canonical NFκB and JNK signaling pathways and at least in part by perturbed lysosomal degradation. We propose that by activating the stress signaling pathways ESCRT-I deficiency leads to preferential usage of extracellular nutrients, like glucose and glutamine, for energy production instead of lysosome-derived nutrients, such as fatty acids and branched-chain amino acids.},
}

*Endosomal Sorting Complexes Required for Transport/metabolism/genetics
Humans
*NF-kappa B/metabolism
*Glycolysis/genetics
Lysosomes/metabolism
MAP Kinase Signaling System
Mitochondria/metabolism
Adaptation, Physiological/genetics
Transcription Factors/metabolism/genetics
Glucose/metabolism
DNA-Binding Proteins

@article {pmid39557919,
year = {2024},
author = {Rusak, A and Kątnik, E and Górnicki, T and Schmuttermaier, C and Kujawa, K and Piotrowska, A and Ratajczak-Wielgomas, K and Kmiecik, A and Wojnar, A and Dzięgiel, P and Kzhyshkowska, J},
title = {New insights into the role of the CHI3L2 protein in invasive ductal breast carcinoma.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {14},
number = {1},
pages = {28529},
pmid = {39557919},
issn = {2045-2322},
support = {2021/05/X/NZ2/01698//National Science Center, Poland (NCN)/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; *Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/metabolism/pathology/genetics ; *Breast Neoplasms/metabolism/pathology/genetics ; Middle Aged ; STAT3 Transcription Factor/metabolism ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Phosphorylation ; Chitinase-3-Like Protein 1/metabolism/genetics ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Adult ; Macrophages/metabolism ; Aged ; MAP Kinase Signaling System ; Chitinases ; },
abstract = {Chitinase-like proteins have multiple biological functions that promote tumor growth, angiogenesis and metastasis. Expression of CHI3L2, which is similar in structure to CHI3L1, is detected in glioma cells and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in glioma and breast cancer. However, its exact role remains unclear. We analyzed the expression of CHI3L2 in 74 invasive ductal breast carcinoma (IDC) tumors, breast cancer and macrophages cell cultures using immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, Western blot and PCR methods. Clinicopathologic data were included in the analysis. The results obtained show that CHI3L2 expression decreases with increasing degree of tumor grade and negative status of estrogen (ER) and progesterone receptors (PR). Furthermore, CHI3L2 is significantly and positively correlated with phosphorylation of STAT-3 and ERK1/2 signaling pathways, but negatively correlated with macrophage infiltration. CHI3L2 is expressed both in the cytoplasm of cancer cells and in macrophages and may regulate STAT-3 and ERK1/2 phosphorylation in breast cancer cell lines. Analysis of the clinicopathologic data revealed that CHI3L2 levels had no effect on patient survival. CHI3L2 expression may be specific for cancer cells in IDC and involved in cross-talk with the tumor microenvironment. Our study has shown that IDC cancer cells express the CHI3L2 protein, possibly indicating a novel function of this protein.},
}

Humans
Female
*Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/metabolism/pathology/genetics
*Breast Neoplasms/metabolism/pathology/genetics
Middle Aged
STAT3 Transcription Factor/metabolism
Cell Line, Tumor
Phosphorylation
Chitinase-3-Like Protein 1/metabolism/genetics
Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
Adult
Macrophages/metabolism
Aged
MAP Kinase Signaling System
Chitinases

@article {pmid39555338,
year = {2024},
author = {Diwaker, P and Jha, T and Gogoi, P and Arora, VK and Ansari, MA and Kaur, N},
title = {Expression of Immune Checkpoint Regulator Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte Antigen 4 (CTLA-4) and Programmed Cell Death Protein Ligand 1 (PD-L1) in Invasive Ductal Carcinoma Breast.},
journal = {Indian journal of surgical oncology},
volume = {15},
number = {4},
pages = {713-720},
pmid = {39555338},
issn = {0975-7651},
abstract = {Despite significant advancement in the diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of breast carcinoma, the prognosis remains dismal. Recently, with advances in its understanding, various immune system-based management strategies have been developed. CTLA-4 suppresses lymphocyte reactivity, IL-2 secretion, and IL-2 receptor expression and triggers cell cycle arrest. PD-L1 inhibits the proliferation and cytotoxicity of T cells and inhibits release of cytokines. Hence, we planned to evaluate the immunoexpression of CTLA-4 and PD-L1 in invasive ductal carcinoma breast and seek correlation between their immunopositivity and the clinicopathological parameters. This was a retrospective study conducted on archival material of 50 cases of breast carcinoma tissue microarrays. Clinicopathological details were recorded. All cases were evaluated for immunohistochemical expression of CTLA-4 and PD-L1. Cytoplasmic expression of CTLA-4 and membranous expression of PD-L1 were considered positive and staining intensity was recorded as mild, moderate, and intense. Data was recorded and analyzed. Immunopositivity for CTLA-4 was seen in 92% of cases of breast carcinoma. CTLA-4 staining intensity showed significant association with TNM staging of breast carcinomas (p = 0.036). Age group of the breast carcinoma cases showed a statistically significant correlation with PD-L1 immunoexpression (p = 0.002). No significant correlation was found between all other clinicopathological characteristics and CTLA-4 or PD-L1 immunostaining. Our study shows that CTLA-4 is a more important immune checkpoint regulator in breast carcinomas in comparison to PD-L1. Thus, anti-CTLA-4 immunotherapy might prove to be of immense help in the treatment of invasive ductal carcinoma breast showing overexpression of CTLA-4.},
}

@article {pmid39555003,
year = {2024},
author = {Wickins, J and Rickard, CM and Kasper, K and Morton, L and Doellinger, J and Thomas-Gabbett, P and Marsh, N},
title = {Indwelling urinary catheter use and adherence to clinical practice guidelines: A point prevalence study in adult hospital inpatients.},
journal = {Journal of infection prevention},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {17571774241270995},
pmid = {39555003},
issn = {1757-1774},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Approximately 25% of hospitalised adults require an indwelling urinary catheter (IDC) during their hospital stay. IDCs expose patients to risks of infectious and non-infectious complications.

AIMS: To identify IDC prevalence, assess adherence to clinical practice guidelines and patient-reported involvement in IDC care for adult hospital inpatients.

METHODS: This point prevalence study was conducted in 22 wards in a single quaternary hospital. Data was collected by clinical and research nurses working in pairs on a single day. Study outcomes were reported descriptively as frequencies and percentages.

RESULTS: Of 502 patients included, 77 (15.3%) had an IDC (median duration 99.6 h). The median age of patients with an IDC was 64 years (interquartile range 22-88 years), 54 (70%) were male and one-quarter (n = 19; 25%) of IDCs were inserted at another hospital. More than half (n = 44; 57%) of the 77 IDCs had no documented removal plan. Three patients were unavailable for review for observed clinical practices, and it was found 43% (n = 32/74) lacked a securement device. Of 77 people with IDCs, there were 44 patient responses, and 27 (61.4%) patients did not know the reason for their catheter.

DISCUSSION: Areas for improvement included securement device use, timely removal plans and patient education for the reason for the device. Regular point prevalence studies to assess use and adherence to clinical practical guidelines can improve safety outcomes for patients requiring IDCs.},
}

@article {pmid39553033,
year = {2024},
author = {Louis, M and Tapia, R and Grabill, N and Strom, P},
title = {Dormancy Leading to Late Recurrence in Breast Cancer: A Case of Hormone Receptor-Positive Supraclavicular Metastasis 10 Years After the Initial Treatment.},
journal = {Cureus},
volume = {16},
number = {10},
pages = {e71586},
pmid = {39553033},
issn = {2168-8184},
abstract = {Breast cancer recurrence can occur many years after the initial treatment, particularly in hormone receptor-positive (HR+) cases, where the risk of late recurrence remains significant. Late recurrences are well documented, with research showing that they can happen even decades after the primary diagnosis, necessitating extended monitoring and personalized therapeutic approaches. A 65-year-old woman with a history of stage IIIC invasive ductal carcinoma, initially treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy, bilateral mastectomies, adjuvant chemoradiation, and prolonged hormonal therapy, presented 10 years later with metastasis to the left supraclavicular lymph nodes. A biopsy confirmed recurrent ER+/PR+/HER2- (estrogen receptor-positive/progesterone receptor-positive/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative) breast cancer. Her treatment was adjusted to include Faslodex (fulvestrant) and Verzenio (abemaciclib), followed by the surgical resection of the metastatic lymph node. Managing HR+ breast cancer involves significant challenges, mainly due to the potential for late recurrence. Even after aggressive treatment and years of remission, dormant tumor cells may become active again, leading to metastasis in less common sites, like the supraclavicular lymph nodes. This situation demands a tailored therapeutic approach, adjusting treatment strategies to address the specific characteristics of the recurrent tumor. In conclusion, late recurrence in HR+ breast cancer requires vigilant long-term follow-up and personalized treatments to effectively manage recurrence risk. Understanding dormancy and reactivation mechanisms is essential for guiding clinical decisions. Prioritizing individualized follow-up strategies and refining treatment protocols will be key to improving patient outcomes and maintaining quality of life.},
}

@article {pmid39546873,
year = {2024},
author = {Dong, B and Zhu, X and An, T and Jiang, H and Ma, B},
title = {Barrier-critic-disturbance approximate optimal control of nonzero-sum differential games for modular robot manipulators.},
journal = {Neural networks : the official journal of the International Neural Network Society},
volume = {181},
number = {},
pages = {106880},
doi = {10.1016/j.neunet.2024.106880},
pmid = {39546873},
issn = {1879-2782},
abstract = {In this paper, for addressing the safe control problem of modular robot manipulators (MRMs) system with uncertain disturbances, an approximate optimal control scheme of nonzero-sum (NZS) differential games is proposed based on the control barrier function (CBF). The dynamic model of the manipulator system integrates joint subsystems through the utilization of joint torque feedback (JTF) technique, incorporating interconnected dynamic coupling (IDC) effects. By integrating the cost functions relevant to each player with the CBF, the evolution of system states is ensured to remain within the safe region. Subsequently, the optimal tracking control problem for the MRM system is reformulated as an NZS game involving multiple joint subsystems. Based on the adaptive dynamic programming (ADP) algorithm, a cost function approximator for solving Hamilton-Jacobi (HJ) equation using only critic neural networks (NN) is established, which promotes the feasible derivation of the approximate optimal control strategy. The Lyapunov theory is utilized to demonstrate that the tracking error is uniformly ultimately bounded (UUB). Utilizing the CBF's state constraint mechanism prevents the robot from deviating from the safe region, and the application of the NZS game approach ensures that the subsystems of the MRM reach a Nash equilibrium. The proposed control method effectively addresses the problem of safe and approximate optimal control of MRM system under uncertain disturbances. Finally, the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed method are verified through simulations and experiments.},
}

@article {pmid39541956,
year = {2024},
author = {Abdelwahab, RM and Aghazadeh Mohandesi, N and Sturgis, CD and Alavi, A},
title = {Squamous Metaplasia of Lactiferous Ducts (Zuska's disease) of the Breast: Clinical and Histopathologic Manifestations.},
journal = {Dermatology (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-9},
doi = {10.1159/000542622},
pmid = {39541956},
issn = {1421-9832},
abstract = {Squamous metaplasia of lactiferous ducts (SMOLD), also known as Zuska's disease, is an uncommon, recurrent inflammatory fistulizing disease of the breast that strongly correlates with smoking in premenopausal patients .1 Clinical and imaging findings may overlap with other breast conditions/ SMOLD is well-recognized by breast pathologists, however, the dermatology literature on this condition remains scarce. In this retrospective study, we reviewed 29 patients with SMOLD diagnosed at Mayo Clinic. The mean age of the patient cohort is 50.3 with a range of 30 to 81 years. One patient (3.7%) had hidradenitis suppurativa of the retro-areolar area. Patient smoking history demonstrated prior/current smokers 37.9% (11/29), lifetime nonsmokers with significant secondhand exposure 6.9% (2/29), and unknown smoking status 3.4% (1/29). One patient had a personal history of invasive ductal carcinoma and 10.3% (3/29) had a history of breast cancer in a first-degree relative. The clinical presentation of the patient cohort includes areolar papules, nodules and draining tract/fistula 13.7% (4/29), pustular cyst/abscess on the breast 13.7% (4/29), breast mass 3.4% (1/29), pain breast discomfort/pain 13.7% (4/29), nipple retraction 3.4% (1/29), and asymptomatic with nipple calcifications on mammogram 3.4% (1/29). 77.8% (7/9) patients with bacterial cultures demonstrated polymicrobial growth. 37.9% (11/29) patients received at least one round of antibiotic therapy. 27.6% (8/29) patients underwent invasive intervention. Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, and Cutibacterium species were the most frequent causes of infection in our patient cohort. We confirm previous findings of strong association between SMOLD & current/former smoking status and a potential, novel correlation between extensive secondhand exposure and SMOLD development. While both medical and surgical interventions are employed in patient management, many patients ultimately require complete excision of the involved duct(s). Dermatologists should consider SMOLD in the differential diagnosis of patients presenting with breast abscess, fistulizing tracts with mass, and breast pain.},
}

@article {pmid39518634,
year = {2024},
author = {Sicras Mainar, A and Salazar-Mendiguchía, J and Del Campo Alonso, MI and Echeto, A and Vilanova Larena, D and Comín Colet, J},
title = {Consequences of the Poor Anticoagulation Control of Patients with Non-Valvular Atrial Fibrillation Treated with Vitamin K Antagonists.},
journal = {Journal of clinical medicine},
volume = {13},
number = {21},
pages = {},
pmid = {39518634},
issn = {2077-0383},
support = {NA//Bristol Myers Squibb/ ; },
abstract = {Background: The prevention of thromboembolisms through anticoagulation and heart rate control is crucial in managing non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). This study aimed to analyze the consequences of poor anticoagulation control with vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) in Spanish patients with NVAF, focusing on thrombotic events, bleeding, mortality, healthcare resources (HRU), and costs. Methods: This observational, retrospective study used electronic medical records (BIG-PAC[®] database) of NVAF patients who started VKA treatment between 1 January 2016 and 31 December 2018. Patients were followed up for two years and classified by poor or adequate anticoagulation control. Demographic and clinical characteristics, treatments, incidence of cardiovascular events, mortality rates, HRU, and costs were analyzed. Results: Patients with poor control (n = 2136) had a 75% greater probability of suffering a cardiovascular event compared to patients with adequate control (n = 2351) (HR, 1.75 [95%CI: 1.43-2.14; p < 0.001]). Cardiovascular events, major bleeding, minor bleeding, systemic thromboembolism, and ischemic strokes were reduced by 32.1%, 46.2%, 29.6%, 22.2%, and 16.1%, respectively. It was estimated that adequate anticoagulant control saved EUR 455/patient with NAVF due to reduced hospitalization for cardiovascular events. Conclusions: For VKA-treated NVAF patients, poor anticoagulation control was associated with a higher number of cardiovascular events, greater consumption of HRU, and higher management costs than for patients with adequate control.},
}

@article {pmid39513960,
year = {2024},
author = {Huang, H and Couch, RE and Karam, R and Hu, C and Boddicker, N and Polley, EC and Na, J and Ambrosone, CB and Yao, S and Trentham-Dietz, A and Eliassen, AH and Penney, K and Brantley, K and Bodelon, C and Teras, LR and Hodge, J and Patel, A and Haiman, CA and John, EM and Neuhausen, SL and Martinez, E and Lacey, JV and O'Brien, KM and Sandler, DP and Weinberg, CR and Palmer, JR and Bertrand, KA and Vachon, CM and Olson, JE and Ruddy, KE and Anton-Culver, H and Ziogas, A and Goldgar, DE and Nathanson, KL and Domchek, SM and Weitzel, JN and Kraft, P and Dolinsky, JS and Pesaran, T and Richardson, ME and Yadav, S and Couch, FJ},
title = {Pathogenic variants in cancer susceptibility genes predispose to Ductal Carcinoma In situ of the breast.},
journal = {Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-24-1884},
pmid = {39513960},
issn = {1557-3265},
abstract = {PURPOSE: To determine the relationship between germline pathogenic variants (PVs) in cancer predisposition genes and the risk of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS).

METHODS: Germline PV frequencies in breast cancer predisposition genes (ATM, BARD1, BRCA1, BRCA2, CDH1, CHEK2, PALB2, RAD51C, and RAD51D) were compared between DCIS cases and unaffected controls, and between DCIS and infiltrating ductal carcinoma (IDC) cases from a clinical-testing cohort (n=9,887), a population-based cohort (n=3,876) and the UK Biobank (n=2421). The risk of contralateral breast cancer for DCIS cases with PVs was estimated in the population-based cohort.

RESULTS: Germline PVs were observed in 6.5% and 4.6% of women with DCIS in the clinical-testing and population-based cohorts, respectively. BRCA1, BRCA2, and PALB2 PVs frequencies were significantly lower among women with DCIS than IDC (clinical cohort: 2.8% vs. 5.7%; population-based cohort: 1.7% vs. 3.7%), whereas the PV frequencies for ATM and CHEK2 were similar. ATM, BRCA1, BRCA2, CHEK2, and PALB2 PVs were significantly associated with an increased risk of DCIS (OR>2.0), but only BRCA2 PVs were associated with high-risk (OR>4) in both cohorts. The cumulative incidence of contralateral breast cancer among carriers of PVs in high penetrance genes with DCIS was 23% over 15 years.

CONCLUSIONS: The enrichment of PVs in ATM, BRCA1, BRCA2, CHEK2 and PALB2 among women with DCIS suggests that multigene panel testing may be appropriate for women with DCIS. Elevated risks of contralateral breast cancer in carriers of PVs in high penetrance genes with DCIS confirmed the utility of testing for surgical decision-making.},
}