@article {pmid40736024,
year = {2025},
author = {Fang, W and Kozai, Y and Acevedo, DS and Brodine, R and Gorrepati, HS and Arviso, N and Cote, P and Thompson, A and Gerdes, Z and Espinoza, A and Bergeron, N and Brownfield, A and Cheng, N},
title = {Cooperative CCL2/CCR2 and HGF/MET signaling enhances breast cancer growth and invasion associated with metabolic reprogramming.},
journal = {Cancer biology & therapy},
volume = {26},
number = {1},
pages = {2535824},
doi = {10.1080/15384047.2025.2535824},
pmid = {40736024},
issn = {1555-8576},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; *Breast Neoplasms/pathology/metabolism/genetics ; *Chemokine CCL2/metabolism/genetics ; Animals ; *Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-met/metabolism/genetics ; Signal Transduction ; *Receptors, CCR2/metabolism/genetics ; Mice ; *Hepatocyte Growth Factor/metabolism/genetics ; Cell Proliferation ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays ; Metabolic Reprogramming ; },
abstract = {With over 60,000 cases diagnosed in women annually, ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is the most common form of pre-invasive breast cancer in the US. Despite standardized therapy, under-treatment and over-treatment are prevailing concerns. By understanding the mechanisms regulating DCIS progression, we may develop tailored strategies to improve treatment. CCL2/CCR2 and HGF/MET signaling pathways are upregulated in breast cancers. Our studies indicate that these pathways cooperate to promote DCIS progression and metabolism. DCIS and IDC tissues were immunostained for CCL2 and HGF expression. DCIS.com and HCC1937 cells were analyzed for cell proliferation through PCNA immunostaining, apoptosis through cleaved caspase-3 immunostaining, and invasion through Matrigel transwell assays. AKT, AMPK, p42/44MAPK and PKC activities were analyzed in vitro through immunoblot and pharmacologic inhibition. CCL2 and HGF-mediated metabolism were analyzed by LC-MS. Glucose uptake and lactate production were measured biochemically. CCR2 and MET were targeted in breast xenografts through CCR2 knockout and treatment with Merestinib. Significant associations between CCL2 and HGF were detected in DCIS and IDC tissues. CCL2 and HGF co-treatment enhanced breast cancer cell growth, survival, and invasiveness over individual CCL2 or HGF treatment. These CCL2/HGF-mediated phenotypes were associated with metabolic changes including glycolysis and increased AKT, AMPK, p42/44MAPK and PKC signaling. CCL2/HGF-mediated glycolysis was reduced with AKT, AMPK and p42/44MAPK inhibition. CCR2 knockout combined with Merestinib treatment inhibited growth, survival, and stromal reactivity of breast xenografts more than CCR2 or MET targeting alone. CCL2/CCR2 and HGF/MET cooperate to enhance breast cancer progression and metabolic reprogramming.},
}

Humans
Female
*Breast Neoplasms/pathology/metabolism/genetics
*Chemokine CCL2/metabolism/genetics
Animals
*Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-met/metabolism/genetics
Signal Transduction
*Receptors, CCR2/metabolism/genetics
Mice
*Hepatocyte Growth Factor/metabolism/genetics
Cell Proliferation
Cell Line, Tumor
Neoplasm Invasiveness
Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
Metabolic Reprogramming

@article {pmid40734184,
year = {2025},
author = {Bai, Y and Guo, X and Liu, K and Zheng, B and Wei, Y and Wang, Y and Zhang, W and Luo, Q and Yin, J and Wu, L and Li, Y and Zhang, Y and Chen, A and Wang, X and Xu, X and Liu, C and Jin, X},
title = {SpaSEG: unsupervised deep learning for multi-task analysis of spatially resolved transcriptomics.},
journal = {Genome biology},
volume = {26},
number = {1},
pages = {230},
pmid = {40734184},
issn = {1474-760X},
support = {2022YFC3400400//National Key Research and Development Program of China/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *Deep Learning ; *Gene Expression Profiling/methods ; *Transcriptome ; Breast Neoplasms/genetics ; *Unsupervised Machine Learning ; Female ; Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/genetics ; },
abstract = {Spatially resolved transcriptomics (SRT) for characterizing spatial cellular heterogeneities in tissue environments requires systematic analytical approaches to elucidate gene expression variations within their physiological context. Here, we introduce SpaSEG, an unsupervised deep learning model utilizing convolutional neural networks for multiple SRT analysis tasks. Extensive evaluations across diverse SRT datasets generated by various platforms demonstrate SpaSEG's superior robustness and efficiency compared to existing methods. In the application analysis of invasive ductal carcinoma, SpaSEG successfully unravels intratumoral heterogeneity and delivers insights into immunoregulatory mechanisms. These results highlight SpaSEG's substantial potential for exploring tissue architectures and pathological biology.},
}

Humans
*Deep Learning
*Gene Expression Profiling/methods
*Transcriptome
Breast Neoplasms/genetics
*Unsupervised Machine Learning
Female
Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/genetics

@article {pmid40730795,
year = {2025},
author = {Murugesan, GK and McCrumb, D and Soni, R and Kumar, J and Nuernberg, L and Pei, L and Wagner, U and Granger, S and Fedorov, AY and Moore, S and Van Oss, J},
title = {AI generated annotations for Breast, Brain, Liver, Lungs, and Prostate cancer collections in the National Cancer Institute Imaging Data Commons.},
journal = {Scientific data},
volume = {12},
number = {1},
pages = {1317},
pmid = {40730795},
issn = {2052-4463},
support = {75N91019D00024/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Humans ; National Cancer Institute (U.S.) ; Male ; United States ; *Artificial Intelligence ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Female ; *Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging ; Prostatic Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging ; Breast Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging ; },
abstract = {The Artificial Intelligence in Medical Imaging (AIMI) initiative aims to enhance the National Cancer Institute's (NCI) Image Data Commons (IDC) by releasing fully reproducible nnU-Net models, along with AI-assisted segmentation for cancer radiology images. In this extension of our earlier work, we created high-quality, AI-annotated imaging datasets for 11 IDC collections, spanning computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the lungs, breast, brain, kidneys, prostate, and liver. Each nnU-Net model was trained on open-source datasets, and a portion of the AI-generated annotations was reviewed and corrected by board-certified radiologists. Both the AI and radiologist annotations were encoded in compliance with the Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) standard, ensuring seamless integration into the IDC collections. By making these models, images, and annotations publicly accessible, we aim to facilitate further research and development in cancer imaging.},
}

Humans
National Cancer Institute (U.S.)
Male
United States
*Artificial Intelligence
Tomography, X-Ray Computed
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Female
*Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging
Prostatic Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging
Breast Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging

@article {pmid40730731,
year = {2025},
author = {Pratt, CG and McClelland, PH and Long, SA and Moore, AN and Lewis, JD and Heelan, AA},
title = {The Metaplastic Conundrum: A National Cancer Database Analysis of Metaplastic versus Triple-Negative Ductal Breast Cancer.},
journal = {Annals of surgical oncology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {40730731},
issn = {1534-4681},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Historically, treatment approaches for metaplastic breast cancer (MpBC) have mirrored that of triple-negative ductal breast cancer (TN-IDC), yet MpBC has persistently worse survival. This study describes rates and response to neoadjuvant systemic therapy (NAC) for MpBC and evaluates survival between triple-negative MpBC (TN-MpBC), biomarker-positive MpBC (nTN-MpBC), and TN-IDC by treatment approach.

METHODS: The National Cancer Database was queried for females diagnosed with clinically non-metastatic MpBC or TN-IDC from 2011 to 2021. One-to-one propensity score matching between TN-MpBC and TN-IDC patients was performed.

RESULTS: Of 5575 MpBC patients, surgery and chemotherapy rates were high. For patients who received systemic therapy and surgery, an adjuvant approach was favored; however, NAC for TN-MpBC increased from 18.3 to 31.5% by 2021. Higher rates of NAC non-response and lower overall survival were found among MpBC cohorts compared with TN-IDC. For MpBC, an adjuvant approach had significantly better survival than other systemic therapy sequences. When evaluated by pathologic response to NAC, a partial or non-response had worse survival compared with complete response or not undergoing NAC. On Cox proportional hazard regression of matched patients, NAC had an adjusted hazard ratio of 2.56 (1.36-4.79) compared with not undergoing NAC.

CONCLUSION: MpBC is predominantly treated with surgery and systemic therapy, with increasing rates of NAC for TN-MpBC. However, patients with MpBC have inferior survival to TN-IDC, and NAC for MpBC is associated with worse survival compared with other systemic therapy sequences, unless a complete pathologic response is achieved. These findings reinforce the need for systemic treatment sequence optimization for MpBC.},
}

@article {pmid40727978,
year = {2025},
author = {Kahlon, N and Baddam, S and Bansal, N and Qureshi, Z and Maradana, J},
title = {Dynamic Changes in Breast Cancer Receptor Status: A Case Report Highlighting the Importance of Repeat Biopsies in Guiding Treatment Strategies.},
journal = {Journal of investigative medicine high impact case reports},
volume = {13},
number = {},
pages = {23247096251362974},
doi = {10.1177/23247096251362974},
pmid = {40727978},
issn = {2324-7096},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; Middle Aged ; *Receptors, Estrogen/metabolism ; *Receptor, ErbB-2/metabolism ; *Breast Neoplasms/pathology/therapy/metabolism ; Receptors, Progesterone/metabolism ; Biopsy ; *Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology/metabolism ; Immunohistochemistry ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/pathology ; *Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/pathology ; },
abstract = {Breast cancer receptor status plays a critical role in treatment selection, yet receptor evolution throughout disease progression remains a significant challenge. This case describes a 58-year-old female initially diagnosed with estrogen receptor (ER)-positive (95%), progesterone receptor (PR)-negative (<5%), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative (immunohistochemistry [IHC] 0, fluorescence in situ hybridization-negative) invasive ductal carcinoma. Over 6 years, her tumor transitioned to triple-negative breast cancer at recurrence, then reacquired ER expression (80%) in metastatic mediastinal lymph nodes. HER2 status evolved from IHC 0 → HER2-low (IHC 1+ → IHC 2+), directly influencing therapy selection. These receptor changes led to major systemic treatment modifications, including endocrine therapy, immunotherapy, CDK4/6 inhibitors, and antibody-drug conjugates. Given the extended response duration and improved tolerability of targeted therapies, accurate receptor assessment is essential to ensure that patients receive the most effective treatment. Literature reports receptor discordance rates of ER loss (19%), PR loss (34%), and HER2 fluctuations (15%), reinforcing the necessity of biopsy-driven treatment adaptation. While serial biopsies remain invasive, they provide essential molecular insights that optimize systemic therapy choices, allowing patients to remain on the most appropriate, well-tolerated regimen for as long as possible. This case highlights the clinical significance of receptor evolution and advocates for biopsy-guided precision oncology in metastatic breast cancer management. Ensuring accurate receptor reassessment through periodic molecular profiling can maximize therapeutic efficacy, improving response rates, treatment tolerability, and overall patient outcomes.},
}

Humans
Female
Middle Aged
*Receptors, Estrogen/metabolism
*Receptor, ErbB-2/metabolism
*Breast Neoplasms/pathology/therapy/metabolism
Receptors, Progesterone/metabolism
Biopsy
*Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology/metabolism
Immunohistochemistry
Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/pathology
*Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/pathology

@article {pmid40727474,
year = {2025},
author = {Gu, W and Yuan, J and Dong, M and Sheng, J and Jiang, K},
title = {Case Report: Advanced breast invasive ductal carcinoma with erysipeloid cutaneous metastasis misdiagnosed as erysipelas.},
journal = {Frontiers in oncology},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1535421},
pmid = {40727474},
issn = {2234-943X},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Breast cancer has become the second most common cancer after lung cancer. Patients may present with skin manifestations at the time of initial diagnosis, while erysipel-like carcinoma typically appears later, following initial treatment. This delay increases the risk of misdiagnosis.

CASE PRESENTATION: The patient was a 51-year-old female. A modified radical mastectomy for left breast carcinoma (pT2N3M0, stage IIIC; tumor size 4.6 cm × 4.5 cm × 1.6 cm, 14/21 axillary lymph nodes involved), HER2-positive type, was performed on April 21, 2021. In April 2024 (three years post-surgery), the patient developed unexplained redness and swelling in the skin of the left upper limb, accompanied by increased skin temperature. This was misdiagnosed as erysipelas of the upper limb. After one week of antibiotic treatment, the redness and swelling slightly subsided. In May 2024, the patient experienced dizziness and headaches without any obvious cause. Enhanced cranial MRI revealed multiple brain metastases, with possible lymph node metastasis in the left cervical region. The patient underwent whole-brain radiotherapy. During radiotherapy, erysipelas-like rashes developed on the left chest wall, upper limb, and right breast skin. In June 2024, a skin biopsy of the chest wall confirmed cutaneous metastasis. Following systemic anti-tumor treatment, both the skin and brain metastasis improved.

CONCLUSION: Pathological biopsy should be emphasized when breast cancer patients develop localized rashes. Understanding the unique inflammatory manifestations of cutaneous metastasis is crucial for breast oncologists to enable early diagnosis, timely treatment, and improved overall survival.},
}

@article {pmid40727336,
year = {2025},
author = {Yang, Y and Cheng, L},
title = {Correlation between ultrasonic features and expression of immunohistochemical factors in invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast.},
journal = {Quantitative imaging in medicine and surgery},
volume = {15},
number = {7},
pages = {6044-6052},
pmid = {40727336},
issn = {2223-4292},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Breast cancer is the most common malignancy among women globally, with invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) accounting for approximately 80% of all breast cancer cases. IDC exhibits significant heterogeneity in terms of pathological manifestations and prognosis, which are largely influenced by the expression of immunohistochemical (IHC) factors. The study aimed to investigate the correlation between ultrasonic features and the expression of IHC factors in IDC of the breast.

METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted of the clinical data of patients with IDC confirmed by surgery and pathology from January 2019 to December 2022, with ultrasonography performed pre-operation and standard sonograms retained. Specifically, the correlation between sonographic signs and the expression of IHC factors such as estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2), E-cadherin, and Ki-67 was investigated using the univariate and binary logistic regression analyses. E-cadherin was included due to its role in epithelial-mesenchymal transition and metastasis in IDC. Key sonographic features (e.g., Adler grade, morphology, posterior echo) and IHC factors were analyzed.

RESULTS: The study identified significant associations between specific ultrasonic features and IHC factor expression. For ER expression, irregular shape [odds ratio (OR) =1.694, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.032-2.309, P=0.011], reduced posterior echo (OR =1.904, 95% CI: 1.211-2.901, P=0.008), and hyperechoic halo (OR =3.705, 95% CI: 1.277-7.903, P=0.003) were associated with ER-positive expression, while Adler grade II-III was associated with ER-negative expression (OR =0.390, 95% CI: 0.127-0.745, P<0.001). For PR expression, hyperechoic halo (OR =4.905, 95% CI: 2.664-11.231, P=0.01) was associated with PR-positive expression, while smooth margin (OR =0.513, 95% CI: 0.132-0.784, P<0.001) and maximum diameter ≥2 cm (OR =0.622, 95% CI: 0.267-0.874, P=0.005) were associated with PR-negative expression. Calcification (OR =1.806, 95% CI: 1.237-4.584, P=0.002) and maximum diameter ≥2 cm (OR =1.409, 95% CI: 1.194-2.385, P=0.01) were associated with HER-2-positive expression. Lymphatic metastasis (OR =1.450, 95% CI: 1.057-2.328, P=0.03) and Adler grade II-III (OR =0.704, 95% CI: 0.406-1.242, P=0.02) were associated with E-cadherin-positive expression. Reduced posterior echo was associated with Ki-67-negative expression (OR =0.307, 95% CI: 0.106-0.684, P=0.02). The areas under the ROC curves for each IHC factor were as follows: ER, 0.832; PR, 0.756; HER-2, 0.675; E-cadherin, 0.684; Ki-67, 0.703.

CONCLUSIONS: Since IHC factors are correlated with ultrasonic features to some extent, their biological behaviors can be preliminarily identified through analyses of their sonographic features, thereby providing a reference for clinically individualized treatment regimens and prognosis evaluation of patients.},
}

@article {pmid40726055,
year = {2025},
author = {Blaas, L and Matta, L},
title = {SAF-guarding the cuff: Could shoulder fat cells combat fibrosis?.},
journal = {The Journal of physiology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1113/JP289055},
pmid = {40726055},
issn = {1469-7793},
}

@article {pmid40722501,
year = {2025},
author = {Güler, M and Sart, G and Algorabi, Ö and Adıguzel Tuylu, AN and Türkan, YS},
title = {Breast Cancer Classification with Various Optimized Deep Learning Methods.},
journal = {Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {15},
number = {14},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/diagnostics15141751},
pmid = {40722501},
issn = {2075-4418},
abstract = {Background/Objectives: In recent years, there has been a significant increase in the number of women with breast cancer. Breast cancer prediction is defined as a medical data analysis and image processing problem. Experts may need artificial intelligence technologies to distinguish between benign and malignant tumors in order to make decisions. When the studies in the literature are examined, it can be seen that applications of deep learning algorithms in the field of medicine have achieved very successful results. Methods: In this study, 11 different deep learning algorithms (Vanilla, ResNet50, ResNet152, VGG16, DenseNet152, MobileNetv2, EfficientB1, NasNet, DenseNet201, ensemble, and Tuned Model) were used. Images of pathological specimens from breast biopsies consisting of two classes, benign and malignant, were used for classification analysis. To limit the computational time and speed up the analysis process, 10,000 images, 6172 IDC-negative and 3828 IDC-positive, were selected. Of the images, 80% were used for training, 10% were used for validation, and 10% were used for testing the trained model. Results: The results demonstrate that DenseNet201 achieved the highest classification accuracy of 89.4%, with a precision of 88.2%, a recall of 84.1%, an F1 score of 86.1%, and an AUC score of 95.8%. Conclusions: In conclusion, this study highlights the potential of deep learning algorithms in breast cancer classification. Future research should focus on integrating multi-modal imaging data, refining ensemble learning methodologies, and expanding dataset diversity to further improve the classification accuracy and real-world clinical applicability.},
}

@article {pmid40716754,
year = {2025},
author = {Nguyen, NJ and Liu, K and Lajkosz, K and Bernardino, R and Yin, LB and Hollemans, E and Kroon, LJ and Fleshner, N and van Leenders, GJ and Iczkowski, KA and van der Kwast, TH and Downes, MR},
title = {MRI-Adapted Prostate Cancer Risk Tool Incorporating Cribriform and Intraductal Carcinoma.},
journal = {Modern pathology : an official journal of the United States and Canadian Academy of Pathology, Inc},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {100852},
doi = {10.1016/j.modpat.2025.100852},
pmid = {40716754},
issn = {1530-0285},
abstract = {Current prostate cancer risk stratification tools are not adapted for MRI-targeted biopsies and do not include the presence of cribriform/intraductal carcinoma (CC/IDC), an independent predictor of adverse clinical outcomes. We developed an MRI-adapted prostate cancer risk tool (MAPCaRT) which incorporates CC/IDC presence to the Cancer of the Prostate Risk Assessment (CAPRA) tool. We compared the prognostic power of MAPCaRT vs CAPRA in MRI-targeted biopsies (n=266, 2015-2023) and systematic only biopsies (n=1291, 2010-2018) that had matched radical prostatectomy. MAPCaRT employs the aggregate core count method for MRI-targeted lesions to calculate percent positive biopsy cores and uses the radiological stage when assessing MRI-targeted biopsies. Point attribution for CC/IDC presence and Gleason score was determined using a Cox proportional hazards model that included the CAPRA score, Gleason score, and CC/IDC status. Based on calculated MAPCaRT and CAPRA scores, patients were classified in the low (0-2), intermediate (3-5) or high (6+) risk group. Model performance was assessed via Kaplan-Meier curves, Harrell's c-indices, and decision curve analysis for biochemical recurrence-free survival (BCR-FS) and event (metastasis/cancer-specific death) free survival (EFS). CC/IDC was present in 84/266 (32%) MRI-targeted biopsies and 293/1291 (23%) systematic only biopsies. The median follow-up time was 3.4 years (IQR 2.3-5.5) for the MRI-targeted biopsy cohort and 5.9 years (IQR 3.4-8.1) for the systematic biopsy cohort. In the MRI-targeted biopsy cohort, MAPCaRT showed substantial improvement of the c-index compared to CAPRA (0.635 vs 0.574, p=0.045), and greater net clinical benefit for 4-year BCR-FS. In the systematic biopsy cohort, MAPCaRT demonstrated improved c-index for BCR-FS (0.696 vs 0.655, p<0.001) as well as greater net clinical benefit for 5-year BCR-FS and EFS. Other model performance metrics were marginally better with MAPCaRT. In summary, we developed MAPCaRT (prostatecancercalculator.lmp.utoronto.ca), a modified version of CAPRA incorporating CC/IDC presence which demonstrated improved BCR-FS and EFS predictions. This may result in better clinical guidance for disease management decisions.},
}

@article {pmid40719068,
year = {2025},
author = {Kim, Y and Chae, SH and Lee, D and Lee, BS and Lim, J and Jung, HI and Kim, KH and Kwak, B},
title = {Alternative Models for Anticancer Drug Discovery From Natural Products Using Binary Tumor-Microenvironment-on-a-Chip.},
journal = {Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e07944},
doi = {10.1002/advs.202507944},
pmid = {40719068},
issn = {2198-3844},
support = {RS-2025-02223058//Korea Ministry of Environment (MOE)/ ; RS-2019-NR040057//Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning/ ; RS-2021-NR059240//Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning/ ; },
abstract = {The efficacy evaluation of anticancer drugs derived from natural products has traditionally relied on animal models, highlighting the need for more efficient preclinical assessment platforms. In this study, a binary tumor-microenvironment-on-a-chip (T-MOC) system is introduced to assess the therapeutic potential of illudin S and roridin E, two cytotoxic compounds derived from Omphalotus japonicus and Podostroma cornu-damae, respectively. The binary T-MOC model integrates independently developed vascular and invasive ductal carcinoma compartments, effectively mimicking in vivo drug delivery barriers and physiological dynamics. Using this model, illudin S demonstrates strong anticancer effects but exhibits high toxicity, particularly in the lung and liver, indicating a narrow therapeutic window. Roridin E demonstrates potent activity at low concentrations but exhibits high toxicity, especially in the liver and skin. Additionally, morphological analysis is performed to predict drug delivery and distribution characteristics, revealing anisotropic remission and the influence of microenvironmental factors on drug response. This study underscores the potential of the binary T-MOC system as an alternative platform for anticancer drug evaluation, enabling efficient preclinical validation while reducing reliance on animal models.},
}

@article {pmid40717412,
year = {2025},
author = {Rattanapitoon, SK and La, N and Rattanapitoon, NK},
title = {Superb Microvascular Imaging and Angiogenesis Markers in IDC: Further Considerations.},
journal = {Journal of ultrasound in medicine : official journal of the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1002/jum.70016},
pmid = {40717412},
issn = {1550-9613},
}

@article {pmid40709968,
year = {2025},
author = {Pascual-Vera, B and Doron, G and Inozu, M and García, F and Belloch, A},
title = {The Mediating Role of Misinterpretations and Neutralizing Responses to Unwanted Intrusive Thoughts in Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Disorders.},
journal = {European journal of investigation in health, psychology and education},
volume = {15},
number = {7},
pages = {},
pmid = {40709968},
issn = {2254-9625},
support = {RTI2018-098349-B-I00//The study was partially supported by the Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades, Agencia Estatal de Investigación (Spain) & Fondos FEDER UE [RTI2018-098349-B-I00). This research received no external funding./ ; RTI2018-098349-B-I00//The study was partially supported by the Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades, Agencia Estatal de Investigación (Spain) & Fondos FEDER UE [RTI2018-098349-B-I00). This research received no external funding./ ; },
abstract = {Background. Cognitive-behavioral theories suggest that obsessions in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) develop from maladaptive misinterpretations and coping strategies of unwanted intrusive thoughts (UITs). Models of Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD) and Illness Anxiety Disorder (IAD) propose that these symptoms stem from similar misinterpretations of common UITs relating to perceived defects in appearance and illness. This study examines whether maladaptive misinterpretations and control strategies leading to the escalation of obsessional UITs to OCD symptoms also have a similar effect on the development of BDD and IAD. More specifically, we examined whether misinterpretations and neutralizing responses mediate the associations between the frequency of disorder-specific UITs and symptoms of these disorders. Method. A total of 625 non-clinical participants from four countries completed the Questionnaire of Unpleasant Intrusive Thoughts (QUIT) that assesses OCD, BDD and IAD-related UITs and their associated misinterpretations and neutralizing strategies, as well as self-report measures of OCD, BDD, and IAD symptoms. Parallel multiple mediation models were conducted. Results. The frequency of OCD, BDD and IAD-related UITs predicted symptoms of each disorder. Dysfunctional appraisals and neutralizing behaviors mediated the associations between disorder-specific UITs and symptoms in OCD and IAD. The IAD model accounted for a smaller proportion of variance than the OCD model. No mediating effects were found for BDD symptoms. Conclusions. Experiencing disturbing UITs is a transdiagnostic risk factor of OCD, BDD and IAD, and is associated with symptoms of these disorders. Maladaptive interpretation of UITs and neutralizing strategies should be specific targets in the assessment and treatment of OCD and IAD. The absence of mediation effects for BDD could be due to the limitations observed on the self-report used to assess BDD symptoms and/or the low relevance of the misinterpretations and control strategies assessed by the QUIT, which are more typically endorsed by individuals with OCD.},
}

@article {pmid40707709,
year = {2025},
author = {Bareket, O and Reifen-Tagar, M and Saguy, T},
title = {Ambivalent sexism predicts Israelis' gendered preferences in the Gaza hostage crisis.},
journal = {Communications psychology},
volume = {3},
number = {1},
pages = {113},
pmid = {40707709},
issn = {2731-9121},
abstract = {Gender-based prioritization in life-or-death decisions has long shaped crisis responses, from natural disasters to wartime evacuations. This study examined psychological predictors of public support for such prioritization, using the case of Israeli hostages abducted by Hamas terrorist organization on October 7, 2023. Across two hostage release deals-one in November 2023 and another in January 2025-women were systematically prioritized, leaving abducted men in captivity. Analyses of a representative Jewish Israeli sample (N = 1171) regarding the November 2023 deal, reveal that hostile sexism, marked by resentment toward women, predicts opposition to prioritizing women's release. Conversely, benevolent sexism, casting women as needing protection, predicts support for women's prioritization (particularly for mothers). Even after accounting for demographics and broader ideologies, sexist attitudes emerge as key predictors of gender-based preferences in public opinion. Hostile and benevolent sexism operate here largely independently, with no credible evidence for an interaction, suggesting distinct psychological pathways. Respondent's gender plays a minor role, though benevolent sexism predicts a stronger protective bias toward women hostages among men than among women. These findings underscore how hostile sexism can disadvantage women, while benevolent sexism can reinforce women's vulnerability but demands men's sacrifice. Although decisions about hostage release may appear purely pragmatic on the surface, divergent public views on the matter may reflect gendered biases that emerge in high-stakes, life-or-death contexts-potentially more than impartial, need-based considerations.},
}

@article {pmid40705266,
year = {2025},
author = {Mukhtar, RA and Dimitroff, K and Yau, C and Chien, AJ and Connolly, EP and Howard-McNatt, M and Rao, R and Ladores, V and Golshan, M and Sauder, CA and Ahmed, K and Lancaster, R and Fox, J and Gutnik, L and Lee, MC and Tchou, J and Prionas, N and Arciero, CA and Reyna, C and Kuerer, H and Switalla, K and Taunk, N and Tuttle, TM and Moran, MS and Postlewait, LM and Perlmutter, J and DeMichele, A and Yee, D and Hylton, N and Symmans, WF and Rugo, HS and Shatsky, R and Isaacs, C and Esserman, LJ and Van't Veer, L and Boughey, JC},
title = {Impact of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy on Surgical Outcomes and Conversion to Node-Negativity in Invasive Lobular Breast Cancer: Analysis of Molecularly High-Risk Tumors by Histologic Subtype on the I-SPY2 Clinical Trial.},
journal = {Annals of surgical oncology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {40705266},
issn = {1534-4681},
support = {K08CA256047/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States ; P01CA210961/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) has lower response rates to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) than invasive ductal carcinoma. While ILC often has low-risk biology, there is a high-risk subset within this heterogeneous tumor type. We compared surgical treatment and response rates by histology in I-SPY2, a multicenter NAC trial.

METHODS: We evaluated 1329 patients with stage II-III breast cancer and high-risk 70-gene assay. Patients with classic, pleomorphic, or mixed lobular/ductal histology were included in the lobular cohort. We evaluated rates of mastectomy, positive margins, axillary dissection, and conversion from clinical node-positive (cN+) to pathologic node-negative (ypN-) status after NAC.

RESULTS: Overall, 124 patients (9.3%) had lobular histology, with 69% being hormone receptor-positive/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative (HR+/HER2-). There was no difference in mastectomy rate (57.2% for lobular vs. 55.8% for non-lobular). The ILC cohort had more positive margins after lumpectomy than the non-ILC cohort (21.2% vs. 7.9%; p = 0.023). Within cN0 cases, axillary dissection was significantly more common among the lobular cases (24.1% vs. 14.0%; p = 0.039). Conversion from cN+ to ypN0 did not differ statistically between lobular and non-lobular cases (40.9% vs. 51.2%; p = 0.11). The nodal conversion rate among cN+lobular tumors was 30.6% in HR+/HER2-, 72.7% in HER2+, and 66.7% in triple-negative cases.

CONCLUSIONS: These data demonstrate the challenges of surgical management for ILC but hold promise that molecular classification can improve treatment selection. While high genomic risk is generally less common among ILC, our findings suggest that gene expression assays in cN+ILC patients can identify a subset who may benefit from NAC.},
}

@article {pmid40695279,
year = {2025},
author = {Kaltenecker, D and Fisker Schmidt, S and Weber, P and Loft, A and Morigny, P and Machado, J and Geppert, J and Saul, KB and Benedikt, P and Molocea, CE and Scott, R and Haase, K and Martignoni, ME and Alfaro, AJ and Chow, KK and Simoes, E and Pinhata Otoch, J and Lima, JDCC and Swanton, C and Spielmann, N and Hrabé de Angelis, M and Elsner, M and Ertürk, A and Dyar, KA and Rohm, M and Prokopchuk, O and Jamal-Hanjani, M and Seelaender, M and Backs, J and Herzig, S and Berriel Diaz, M},
title = {Functional liver genomics identifies hepatokines promoting wasting in cancer cachexia.},
journal = {Cell},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.cell.2025.06.039},
pmid = {40695279},
issn = {1097-4172},
abstract = {In cancer cachexia, the presence of a tumor triggers systemic metabolic disruption that leads to involuntary body weight loss and accelerated mortality in affected patients. Here, we conducted transcriptomic and epigenomic profiling of the liver in various weight-stable cancer and cancer cachexia models. An integrative multilevel analysis approach identified a distinct gene expression signature that included hepatocyte-secreted factors and the circadian clock component REV-ERBα as key modulator of hepatic transcriptional reprogramming in cancer cachexia. Notably, hepatocyte-specific genetic reconstitution of REV-ERBα in cachexia ameliorated peripheral tissue wasting. This improvement was associated with decreased levels of specific cachexia-controlled hepatocyte-secreted factors. These hepatokines promoted catabolism in multiple cell types and were elevated in cachectic cancer patients. Our findings reveal a mechanism by which the liver contributes to peripheral tissue wasting in cancer cachexia, offering perspectives for future therapeutic interventions.},
}

@article {pmid40693684,
year = {2025},
author = {Liu, Y and Liu, J},
title = {Male Breast Cancer Complicated With Leukocytosis Resembling Leukemia Reaction After Chemotherapy: A Case Report.},
journal = {Cancer reports (Hoboken, N.J.)},
volume = {8},
number = {7},
pages = {e70280},
doi = {10.1002/cnr2.70280},
pmid = {40693684},
issn = {2573-8348},
mesh = {Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; *Breast Neoplasms, Male/drug therapy/pathology/complications ; *Leukocytosis/chemically induced/diagnosis/drug therapy ; *Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/adverse effects ; Diagnosis, Differential ; *Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/drug therapy/pathology/surgery ; *Filgrastim/adverse effects/administration & dosage ; Polyethylene Glycols/adverse effects/administration & dosage ; Mastectomy, Modified Radical ; *Leukemia/diagnosis/chemically induced ; Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor/adverse effects ; },
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Male breast cancer (MBC) accounts for less than 1% of all cancers in men, with invasive ductal carcinoma being the most common type. The chemotherapy regimens used for MBC are similar to those for female breast cancer. However, the incidence of chemotherapy-induced complications such as leukocytosis resembling leukemia reaction is not well documented in MBC. This case highlights a rare complication in an MBC patient, induced by prophylactic PEG-rhG-CSF following chemotherapy.

CASE PRESENTATION: A 51-year-old male with left breast invasive ductal carcinoma underwent modified radical mastectomy. Postoperative pathology revealed high-risk features, and the patient received 8 cycles of chemotherapy with the ddAC-T regimen, followed by PEG-rhG-CSF for febrile neutropenia prevention. After the fifth chemotherapy cycle, the patient developed leukocytosis resembling leukemia reaction, characterized by a white blood cell count exceeding 50 × 10[9]/L, along with intermittent fever up to 42.5°C. The condition was attributed to the PEG-rhG-CSF administration, and the patient was treated with NSAIDs and dexamethasone. Leukocytosis resolved after adjusting the PEG-rhG-CSF dose.

CONCLUSION: Leukocytosis resembling leukemia reaction induced by PEG-rhG-CSF post-chemotherapy is a rare complication, particularly in MBC patients. This case underscores the importance of careful monitoring and differential diagnosis to avoid misdiagnosis and unnecessary interventions. Personalized treatment strategies and dose adjustments for PEG-rhG-CSF are crucial in managing this rare reaction, emphasizing the need for awareness and individualized care in MBC patients undergoing chemotherapy.},
}

Humans
Male
Middle Aged
*Breast Neoplasms, Male/drug therapy/pathology/complications
*Leukocytosis/chemically induced/diagnosis/drug therapy
*Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/adverse effects
Diagnosis, Differential
*Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/drug therapy/pathology/surgery
*Filgrastim/adverse effects/administration & dosage
Polyethylene Glycols/adverse effects/administration & dosage
Mastectomy, Modified Radical
*Leukemia/diagnosis/chemically induced
Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor/adverse effects

@article {pmid40693510,
year = {2025},
author = {Shahid, U and Haya, N and Baessler, K and Christmann-Schmid, C and Yeung, E and Chen, Z and Maher, C},
title = {Perioperative interventions in pelvic organ prolapse surgery.},
journal = {The Cochrane database of systematic reviews},
volume = {7},
number = {},
pages = {CD013105},
pmid = {40693510},
issn = {1469-493X},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; *Pelvic Organ Prolapse/surgery ; Postoperative Complications/epidemiology/prevention & control ; Reoperation/statistics & numerical data ; *Perioperative Care/methods ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) is a common condition, with a significant proportion of women requiring surgical treatment. While the evidence supporting the surgical management of pelvic organ prolapse is well established, the evidence for perioperative interventions remains porous. The main goal of perioperative interventions is to reduce the rate of adverse events while improving women's outcomes following surgical intervention for prolapse.

OBJECTIVES: To compare the safety and effectiveness of a range of perioperative interventions versus other interventions or no intervention (control group) at the time of surgery for POP.

SEARCH METHODS: We searched the Cochrane Incontinence Group Specialised Register, which contains trials identified from CENTRAL, MEDLINE, two major international clinical trials registers, and handsearching of journals and conference proceedings (searched 30 April 2024). We also contacted researchers in the field.

SELECTION CRITERIA: We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of women undergoing surgical treatment for symptomatic POP that compared a perioperative intervention related to POP surgery versus no treatment or another intervention.

DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: We used standard methodological procedures recommended by Cochrane. Our primary outcomes were awareness of prolapse, repeat surgery for prolapse and objective failure at any site. We also measured adverse events and patient-reported outcomes. We used the GRADE approach to assess the certainty of the evidence.

MAIN RESULTS: This review includes 49 RCTs that compared 19 different intervention groups versus a control. The trials were conducted in 15 countries, and involved 5657 women. The certainty of the evidence ranged from low to moderate. Most interventions could not be blinded, thus introducing a risk of bias. POP surgery with or without pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT): seven RCTs with 1032 women There may be no clinically relevant difference in awareness of prolapse following POP surgery with or without PFMT (odds ratio (OR) 1.07, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.61 to 1.87; 1 study, 305 women; low-certainty evidence). This suggests that if 20% of women are aware of prolapse after surgery without PFMT, 13% to 31% are likely to be aware after POP surgery with PFMT. Similarly, there may be no clinically relevant difference in repeat surgery for prolapse with or without PFMT (OR 0.86, 95% CI 0.23 to 3.26; 1 study, 316 women; low-certainty evidence). Additionally, there may be no clinically relevant difference in objective failure at any site with or without PFMT (OR 1.24, 95% CI 0.67 to 2.29; P = 0.49; 1 study, 307 women; low-certainty evidence). Finally, there may be no clinically relevant difference in patient-reported outcomes measures with or without PFMT, including Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory-20 (PFDI-20) scores (mean difference (MD) -4.11, 95% CI -8.97 to 0.76; I² = 0%; 3 studies, 512 women; low-certainty evidence), Urinary Distress Inventory (UDI) (MD -0.23, 95% CI -4.59 to 4.14; I² = 81%, 3 studies, 289 women; low-certainty evidence), Pelvic Organ Prolapse - Distress Inventory (POP-DI) (MD 0.00, 95% CI -1.22 to 1.22; I² = 0%; 2 studies, 143 women; low-certainty evidence) and Colorectal Anal Distress Inventory (CRADI) (MD -1.70, 95% CI -7.91 to 4.51; I² = 96%; 3 studies, 291 women; low-certainty evidence). POP surgery with in-dwelling catheter (IDC) removal before 24 hours versus at 24 hours postoperatively: five RCTs with 478 women There was probably no clinically relevant difference in urinary tract infections (UTIs) between women with IDC removal before 24 hours versus at 24 hours postoperatively (OR 0.63, 95% CI 0.37 to 1.08; I² = 61%; 4 studies, 381 women; moderate-certainty evidence). Similarly, there may be no clinically relevant difference in the number of women discharged with a catheter between the two groups (OR 0.80, 95% CI 0.22 to 2.95; 1 study, 64 women; low-certainty evidence). Furthermore, there may be no clinically relevant difference in the length of stay (days) between women with IDC removal before 24 hours versus at 24 hours postoperatively (MD 0.00, 95% CI -0.10 to 0.11; I² = 45%; 3 studies, 181 women; low-certainty evidence). Finally, there may be little to no difference in total catheter days between the two groups (MD 0.10, 95% CI -0.64 to 0.84; 2 studies, 124 women; low-certainty evidence). POP surgery with IDC removal day at more than 24 hours postoperatively versus at 24 hours: two RCTs with 277 women Women may be more likely to have a large increase in UTI risk if they had an IDC for longer than one day (OR 9.25, 95% CI 3.60 to 23.75; I² = 0%; 2 studies, 274 women; low-certainty evidence). This suggests that if 4% of women get a UTI with IDC removal at 24 hours, 12% to 47% will get a UTI with IDC removal at more than 24 hours following POP surgery. Similarly, having an IDC for longer than 24 hours probably increases the length of hospital stay (MD 1.18, 95% CI 0.92 to 1.44; 2 studies, 274 women; moderate-certainty evidence). Finally, having an IDC for longer than 24 hours may result in a large increase in total catheter days (MD 2.45, 95% CI 2.14 to 2.76; 1 study, 197 women; low-certainty evidence). There were no clinically relevant differences between study groups in the few available results for the following interventions at the time of POP surgery: with or without bowel preparation, short-acting versus long-acting bupivacaine, with or without vasoconstrictors, with chlorhexadine 2% vaginal preparation versus other vaginal antiseptic solutions, with or without vaginal packing, with restricted versus liberal postoperative activity instructions, with or without vaginal oestrogen, and with or without cranberry supplementation.

AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: There remains a paucity of data on perioperative interventions in POP surgery. We were unable to establish a clinically meaningful reduction in adverse events or increase in patient satisfaction across most of the perioperative interventions. Women may be more likely to have a large increase in UTI risk if they have an IDC for longer than one day.},
}

Humans
Female
Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
*Pelvic Organ Prolapse/surgery
Postoperative Complications/epidemiology/prevention & control
Reoperation/statistics & numerical data
*Perioperative Care/methods

@article {pmid40690467,
year = {2025},
author = {Kretzmann, HG and Adeniyi, OV},
title = {Clinicopathological and molecular subtypes of breast cancer in the Eastern Cape, South Africa: A two-year retrospective study.},
journal = {PloS one},
volume = {20},
number = {7},
pages = {e0325387},
pmid = {40690467},
issn = {1932-6203},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; South Africa/epidemiology ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; *Breast Neoplasms/pathology/epidemiology/classification/metabolism/genetics ; Adult ; Aged ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/pathology/epidemiology ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer in women worldwide and the most frequent cause of cancer death in women in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). The incidence of BC in Africa is on the rise, expected to double by 2050, primarily owing to late presentation and weak health infrastructure in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). This study addresses the lack of recent data on BC cases in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa.

OBJECTIVE: The objectives of this study were to describe the clinicopathological characteristics and molecular subtypes of BC and, in addition, to examine the association between the clinicopathological characteristics and the molecular subtypes of BC in a single tertiary hospital in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa.

METHODS: A two-year (2022-2023) retrospective cross-sectional clinical record review study was conducted on patients treated for invasive BC at a tertiary hospital in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. The demographic, clinical and pathological characteristics and molecular subtypes were reported. Associations were investigated between the BC molecular subtypes identified and the clinicopathological characteristics of the patients.

RESULTS: A total of 282 patients met the study's inclusion criteria. Most patients were female (98.6%) and African (88.1%). The mean age of the patients was 58.7 years, with BC most prevalent in the age group >70 (25.2%) and postmenopausal (77.4%). Breast lump was the most common presenting complaint (98.6%), with 61% of patients presenting three months after noticing the anomaly. The most common tumour size (59.4%) was > 5 cm (mean = 6.37 ± 3.6), with the most common clinical T stage being T4 (50.4%). Lymph node involvement was seen in 50.4% of cases. Patients mostly presented in Stages III and IV of the disease (60.1%). Invasive ductal carcinoma not otherwise specified (NOS) was the most common histopathological subtype (86.2%). Grade 2 (56.2%) and Grade 3 (29.5%) BC accounted for the majority of cases. Luminal B was found in 47.4% of cases, Luminal A in 28.5%, triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) in 18.6% and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) enriched in 5.5% of cases, respectively.

CONCLUSION: In our setting, most patients consulted at a late stage of the disease with a large tumour size, positive lymph node status and a high histological grade. Luminal B tumours are the most common molecular subtype. These results indicate the need for more intensive breast cancer awareness campaigns, early detection, and timely referral and treatment.},
}

Humans
Female
South Africa/epidemiology
Middle Aged
Retrospective Studies
*Breast Neoplasms/pathology/epidemiology/classification/metabolism/genetics
Adult
Aged
Cross-Sectional Studies
Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/pathology/epidemiology

@article {pmid40681988,
year = {2025},
author = {Nasir, J and Han, B and Hu, X and Ling, H},
title = {Retrospective insights: clinical characteristics and survival in 403 ILC cases from China.},
journal = {BMC cancer},
volume = {25},
number = {1},
pages = {1188},
pmid = {40681988},
issn = {1471-2407},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; Middle Aged ; China/epidemiology ; *Breast Neoplasms/mortality/pathology/therapy ; Retrospective Studies ; *Carcinoma, Lobular/mortality/pathology/therapy ; *Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/mortality/pathology/therapy ; Adult ; Aged ; Kaplan-Meier Estimate ; Receptor, ErbB-2/metabolism ; Disease-Free Survival ; Prognosis ; Receptors, Progesterone/metabolism ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to compare the demographic characteristics, clinicopathological factors, and survival outcomes between Invasive Lobular Carcinoma (ILC) and Invasive Ductal Carcinoma (IDC) using the Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center (FUSCC) database.

METHODS: Over 12,000 patients were treated at FUSCC from January 2000 to December 2019. We identified 403 patients diagnosed with ILC and 11,829 with IDC. The chi-square test was employed to compare clinical demographics, tumor characteristics, and treatments, while Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used to obtain Disease-Free Survival (DFS) and Overall Survival (OS) curves. Cox proportional hazard regression models established hazard ratios (HR), reported with a 95% confidence interval (CI).

RESULTS: ILC exhibited distinctive characteristics compared to IDC, including older age, larger tumor size, higher estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor expression, and significantly lower HER-2 expression. The disease-free survival (DFS: ILC 86.6% vs. IDC 90.2%, P = 0.007) and overall survival (OS: ILC 90.5% vs. IDC 92.4%, P = 0.038) were worse for ILC than IDC. After applying Propensity Score Matching (PSM), the overall survival (OS: ILC 90.5% vs. IDC 93.2%, P = 0.046) was worse for ILC compared to IDC.

CONCLUSION: Patients diagnosed with Invasive Lobular Carcinoma (ILC) encounter distinct challenges, characterized by a lower survival rate, an elevated risk of metastasis when compared to those with Invasive Ductal Carcinoma (IDC). In order to gain a comprehensive understanding of ILC and to develop tailored, effective treatment strategies, it is imperative to investigate a variety of influencing factors in future research endeavors.},
}

Humans
Female
Middle Aged
China/epidemiology
*Breast Neoplasms/mortality/pathology/therapy
Retrospective Studies
*Carcinoma, Lobular/mortality/pathology/therapy
*Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/mortality/pathology/therapy
Adult
Aged
Kaplan-Meier Estimate
Receptor, ErbB-2/metabolism
Disease-Free Survival
Prognosis
Receptors, Progesterone/metabolism

@article {pmid40679946,
year = {2025},
author = {Yıldırım, S and Mhamane, A and Lösch, S and Wieder, A and Ermis, E and König, AC and Yilmaz, S and Hauck, SM and Kocabas, F and Szendroedi, J and Herzig, S and Ekim, B},
title = {TSC22D1 is a newly identified inhibitor of insulin secretion in pancreatic beta cells.},
journal = {The FEBS journal},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/febs.70194},
pmid = {40679946},
issn = {1742-4658},
support = {EK108-1/1//Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft/ ; //Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK)/ ; },
abstract = {The loss of pancreatic beta cell function leads to chronically high blood glucose levels, contributing to diabetes mellitus, one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Understanding the molecular mechanisms that regulate beta cell function could pave the way for the development of more effective antidiabetic treatments. In this study, we identify the evolutionarily conserved transforming growth factor β-1 stimulated clone D1 (TSC22D1) protein as a previously unknown regulator of beta cell function. TSC22D1 depletion in INS-1E cells enhances the expression of key beta cell identity genes, including Ins1, Ins2, Pdx1, Slc2a2, and Nkx6.1, and promotes glucose-stimulated insulin secretion without altering intracellular insulin content. Mechanistically, TSC22D1 and Forkhead box protein O1 (FoxO1) interact and regulate each other in a reciprocal manner to control beta cell function. Our follow-up interactome and RNA-Seq analyses reveal that TSC22D1 is crucial for glucose-responsive cellular processes in beta cells, including mRNA processing, ribonucleoprotein complex biogenesis, and Golgi vesicle transport. Overall, our findings indicate that TSC22D1 plays a significant role in regulating beta cell function at multiple levels, with potential implications for metabolic diseases, such as diabetes.},
}

@article {pmid40679713,
year = {2025},
author = {Bae, SY and Kim, CW and Chin, J and Lee, JA and Kim, D and Lee, YJ and Yoon, CI and Park, WC},
title = {Clinical subtypes and prognosis of invasive breast cancer with Paget's disease: a SEER study.},
journal = {Breast cancer research and treatment},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {40679713},
issn = {1573-7217},
abstract = {PURPOSE: Paget's disease of the breast is rare but commonly associated with underlying carcinoma. Despite frequent HER2 overexpression, its clinical relevance in Paget's disease remains unclear. We evaluated the prognostic impact of ER and HER2 expression in invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) with Paget's disease and assessed whether clinical subtypes affect survival outcomes.

METHODS: Using SEER 17 data, we identified patients with IDC and HER2 status available, diagnosed from 2010 onward. Two groups were analyzed: IDC with Paget's disease (ICD-O-3 code 8541/3, n = 1,000) and IDC alone (ICD-O-3 code 8500/3, n = 487,162).

RESULTS: Compared to IDC alone, patients with Paget's disease had lower ER (60.5% vs. 82.0%) and PR (45.5% vs. 71.7%) expression, and higher HER2 overexpression (52.5% vs. 15.4%) (all P < 0.001). The ER + HER2 - subtype was less common in the Paget's group (34.9% vs. 71.6%), while ER - HER2 + was more frequent (29.2% vs. 4.8%) (P < 0.001). Among ER + HER2 - and ER + HER2 + subtypes, those with Paget's disease had worse breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS) than those with IDC alone (HR 1.519, 95% CI 1.074-2.149; HR 1.030, 95% CI 1.027-1.033, respectively). No BCSS differences were observed in ER - HER2 - and ER - HER2 + subtypes.

CONCLUSION: ER + HER2 - subtype in IDC with Paget's disease is linked to worse BCSS, differing from IDC alone. These findings suggest distinct tumor biology in IDC with Paget's disease, highlighting the need for subtype-specific management strategies.},
}

@article {pmid40679712,
year = {2025},
author = {Zhan, H and Chan, NNN and Khaimova, R and Aung, TN and Gaule, P and Robbins, CJ and Rimm, DL},
title = {Quantitative assessment of HER2 expression in invasive ductal carcinoma and co-existing DCIS.},
journal = {Breast cancer research and treatment},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {40679712},
issn = {1573-7217},
support = {BCRF 23-138//Breast Cancer Research Foundation/ ; },
abstract = {PURPOSE: Previous studies have demonstrated that ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) component often exhibits higher HER2 expression than the invasive component when assessed by immunohistochemistry, while some other studies showed concordant HER2 expression between these two components. In this study, we used our high-sensitivity HER2 (HS-HER2) quantitative immunofluorescence assay to compare HER2 expression in IDC and co-existing DCIS and correlate with clinicopathologic characteristics.

METHODS: We included 36 IDC + DCIS cases from the Yale Pathology department. DCIS was classified according to the three-tier nuclear grading system: low (grade 1), intermediate (grade 2), and high (grade 3) nuclear grade. Invasive carcinoma was graded according to the modified Bloom-Richardson histologic grading system. Cases were divided into two groups: low to intermediate-grade DCIS (G1-2) with co-existing invasive carcinoma (n = 26) and high-grade DCIS (G3) with co-existing invasive carcinoma (n = 10). Separate regions of interest for IDC and DCIS were annotated by two board-certified pathologists. Serial sections of FFPE tumor specimens were used to accurately measure the HER2 protein expression by the HS-HER2 assay in attomole/mm[2] unit and the acquisition by QuPath v.04 with the Qymia extension.

RESULTS: Low to intermediate-grade DCIS expressed higher HER2 levels (4295 ± 449 amol/mm[2]) than co-existing invasive carcinoma (2880 ± 413 amol/mm[2]). Similarly, high-grade DCIS expressed higher HER2 levels (4953 ± 700 amol/mm[2]) than co-existing invasive carcinoma (3560 ± 688 amol/mm[2]). Neither of these trends toward lower expression levels in the IDC were statistically significant. Additionally, no significant statistic difference was noted between low to intermediate-grade DCIS versus high-grade DCIS or between their corresponding co-existing invasive carcinomas in this cohort.

CONCLUSION: Using the HS-HER2 assay, our results demonstrated comparable HER2 expression levels in DCIS and paired invasive carcinoma regardless of histopathological grade or HER2 immunohistochemical score. These findings contributed to a more nuanced understanding of HER2 biology in early breast carcinogenesis and may inform future biomarker-driven therapeutic strategies.},
}

@article {pmid40677494,
year = {2025},
author = {Saurborn, E and Adkins, J and Mahmud, W and Lawrence, LM and Denning, KL and Legenza, M and Krutzler-Berry, D},
title = {Rare Presentation of Metastatic Breast Cancer Involving the Peritoneal Cavity: Two Cases Arising From Stage 0/1 Disease.},
journal = {Cureus},
volume = {17},
number = {6},
pages = {e86236},
pmid = {40677494},
issn = {2168-8184},
abstract = {Ductal cell carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is a noninvasive stage 0 breast cancer that arises from an abnormal proliferation of ductal epithelial cells. If untreated, it can progress to invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC), the most common form of breast cancer. A minority of women with early-stage breast cancer may experience recurrent advanced cancer, which can progress to metastatic disease, commonly in the bone, liver, lung, and brain. Improved surveillance and raised awareness over the last three decades have resulted in an increased incidence of disease; however, early detection and treatment of DCIS and IDC have a favorable prognosis. We present two cases of well-treated early-stage breast cancer with late recurrence of distal metastasis involving the peritoneal cavity and liver, with ascites as a primary presentation. In Case one, Stage 1 IDC was detected on a routine mammogram and was well-treated with lumpectomy and sentinel lymph node biopsies, chemotherapy, and radiation, with repeat mammograms negative for any evidence of recurrence. One year following treatment, the patient presented with dull epigastric pain and ascites positive for malignancy, with primary breast origin. In Case two, the patient presented to the emergency department with right upper quadrant pain and abdominal distension. A CT scan identified multiple liver lesions, and a biopsy revealed primary breast origin. A subsequent mammography detected DCIS in the right breast. One month later, the patient presented with abdominal and pelvic ascites and rapid decline of mental status before treatment was initiated. These cases underscore the importance of educating patients on self-examinations and yearly mammograms. Additionally, it is essential to educate providers on risk factors of metastatic disease and their possible presentations, including metastasis into the peritoneal cavity, to ensure optimal clinical outcomes.},
}

@article {pmid40675644,
year = {2025},
author = {Aguiar-Leiva, VP and Leiva-Fernández, F and Martín-Roselló, ML and Gomez-Garcia, R and Fernandez-Lopez, A and Barnestein-Fonseca, P and Morales-Asencio, JM},
title = {Validation of a questionnaire to assess complexity of palliative care needs in primary care in Malaga, Spain: a study protocol.},
journal = {BMJ open},
volume = {15},
number = {7},
pages = {e102040},
doi = {10.1136/bmjopen-2025-102040},
pmid = {40675644},
issn = {2044-6055},
mesh = {Humans ; *Palliative Care ; Spain ; *Primary Health Care ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Surveys and Questionnaires/standards ; Reproducibility of Results ; Delphi Technique ; Adult ; *Needs Assessment ; },
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: The needs of patients in palliative care (PC) are multiple and changing. Several tools assess them, but there is a lack of homogeneity among them. A specific diagnostic tool to assess complexity in PC (IDC-Pal: Instrumento Diagnóstico de la Complejidad en Cuidados Paliativos, in Spanish) was created in community and hospital settings with 36 items to diagnose PC complexity, but its application in primary care is difficult.

AIMS: (1) To generate an adapted version to primary care of the IDC-Pal tool to identify and stratify PC complexity in the adult population. (2) To determine face, content, criterion and construct validity and reliability of the new instrument.

METHODS AND ANALYSIS: There are three phases of clinimetric cross-sectional observational validation study: Phase 0: Review of the original tool structure suitability for its use in primary care setting by a committee (researchers and the original developer team). Phase 1: Expert consensus phase by Delphi technique with physicians, nurses and social workers from primary care and PC. Phase 2: Empirical validation of the resulting tool in primary care using a cross-sectional descriptive design involving physicians and case manager nurses from across Andalucia, who will recruit adult patients with PC needs from healthcare centres that accept to participate in the study. Reliability (Cronbach's alpha, McDonald's omega, interclass correlation coefficient) and construct validity (exploratory factor analysis) analysis will be carried out; convergent criterion validity will be assessed with the NEC-PAL (Necesidades Paliativas Questionnaire, in Spanish) instrument. Differences by gender, type of professional and place where it is administered will be explored. Interobserver reliability analyses will be carried out using intraclass correlation coefficient, Bland-Altman plots and concordance analysis. Phase 0-1 results were expected by 2025 and Phase 2 results by 2026. Reporting method: CRISP checklist. This protocol was conducted without patient or public participation.

ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: This study evaluates a novel, co-designed tool to diagnose PC complexity to inform practice recommendations for a more efficient allocation of resources that may be included in future clinical practice guidelines. The study has been approved by the Provincial Research Ethics Committee of Málaga as of July 2023 and will be conducted in accordance with the principles established in the Declaration of Helsinki, the Council of Europe Convention on Human Rights and Biomedicine, and the requirements established in Spanish legislation. The study conforms to the norms of good clinical practice. All participants in the Delphi study must express their agreement to participate in the survey by providing informed consent (IC) before beginning the questionnaire. For the development of Phase 2, the primary care professionals who agree to participate will sign a researcher commitment, and the patients included in the study will sign a written IC before the data collection. Dissemination of the results will inform future research on the appropriate diagnosis of PC complexity in the primary care setting, which is of paramount importance due to its gatekeeper position. Dissemination will be aimed at academics and healthcare professionals through publications, presentations and training workshops on the use of the diagnostic tool.},
}

Humans
*Palliative Care
Spain
*Primary Health Care
Cross-Sectional Studies
Surveys and Questionnaires/standards
Reproducibility of Results
Delphi Technique
Adult
*Needs Assessment

@article {pmid40672349,
year = {2025},
author = {Ghiarone, T and Hansen, E and Holaska, JM},
title = {Emerin expression stratification across breast cancer subtypes.},
journal = {bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1101/2025.07.03.663032},
pmid = {40672349},
issn = {2692-8205},
abstract = {Nuclear dysmorphism is a critical indicator of tumor aggressiveness, influencing cancer cell invasion and metastasis. Emerin, an integral nuclear envelope protein involved in nuclear architecture, is important for maintaining nuclear integrity. Our previous work demonstrated an inverse correlation between nuclear envelope-localized emerin expression and breast cancer aggressiveness. However, it failed to have the power to assess whether emerin loss correlates with cancer stage, grade, proliferation, or molecular phenotype. Here we analyzed emerin expression at the nuclear envelope across 243 breast cancer patient samples encompassing various tumor grades, stages, and molecular phenotypes. We found significantly reduced emerin expression in invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC), invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC), and ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), compared to normal breast tissue. Notably, emerin loss correlated with advanced tumor stage, higher Ki-67 proliferation rates, elevated human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) levels, and decreased estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) expression-markers associated with more aggressive breast cancers. Emerin expression was consistently reduced in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and other receptor-negative subtypes, underscoring its potential role in tumor dedifferentiation and progression. These findings highlight emerin as a promising prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for aggressive breast cancer subtypes.},
}

@article {pmid40669200,
year = {2025},
author = {Akbari Rad, M and Sheybani, F and Gharib, M and Aghel, E and Emadzadeh, M and Mottaghi, M},
title = {Coexistence of lobular granulomatous mastitis and breast cancer: Case report and case-based literature review.},
journal = {International journal of surgery case reports},
volume = {133},
number = {},
pages = {111628},
doi = {10.1016/j.ijscr.2025.111628},
pmid = {40669200},
issn = {2210-2612},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE: This study aims to provide insights into the characteristics of patients who experience both conditions of lobular granulomatous mastitis (LGM) and breast carcinoma. This patient was the only case among our 246 consecutive patients with LGM who experienced both LGM and malignancy.

CASE PRESENTATION: A 46-year-old Persian woman was diagnosed with left-sided LGM via core-needle biopsy, which resolved following two years of prednisone and subsequent methotrexate therapy. Three months after remission, she developed stiffness in the contralateral breast, and biopsy revealed grade 3 invasive ductal carcinoma that was estrogen receptor (ER)-positive, progesterone receptor (PR)-negative, and HER2 (1+).

CLINICAL DISCUSSION: The prevalence of coexisting LGM and breast cancer among LGM cases was 0.41 %. In our review of 20 patients, LGM occurred prior to breast cancer in nine cases (45 %), concurrently in nine cases (45 %), and subsequent to breast cancer in two cases (10 %). Among the 20 reviewed cases, invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) was the most frequently identified malignancy, observed in 15 patients (75 %), while ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) was reported in five cases (25 %). Hormone receptor positivity (estrogen and/or progesterone receptor) was noted in 11 patients (55 %), and HER2 overexpression was present in seven cases (35 %).

CONCLUSION: New breast findings in individuals previously diagnosed with LGM should not be readily interpreted as a disease recurrence. To minimize the risk of misdiagnosis, bilateral assessment-including bilateral mammography or biopsy-is recommended, particularly in older patients, postmenopausal women, those with recurrent episodes, or when the contralateral breast is involved.},
}

@article {pmid40667287,
year = {2025},
author = {Wang, R and Fridman, G},
title = {Volume Control for a Cortical Network.},
journal = {bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1101/2025.06.19.660597},
pmid = {40667287},
issn = {2692-8205},
abstract = {Excitability is a fundamental property of cortical networks, shaping their responses to input. Here, we use ionic direct current (iDC) to modulate excitability with sub-10-ms temporal resolution and submillimeter spatial precision across the cortical surface, greatly surpassing the capabilities of pharmacological tools. In anesthetized rats, we recorded laminar neural responses in the S1HL cortex to spontaneous delta oscillations and to foot stimulation with and without iDC delivered to the cortical surface. Cathodic iDC suppressed, and anodic iDC enhanced, evoked responses across recording sites. iDC shifted the spatiotemporal excitability pattern in a graded manner, paralleling the effects of weaker or stronger foot stimuli. A computational model reproduced these effects and implicated dendritic summation at the axon initial segment (AIS) as a key mechanism for bidirectional modulation. This approach enables precise, causal manipulation of cortical responsiveness in vivo and offers a platform for dissecting functional circuits and developing targeted neurotherapeutic interventions.},
}

@article {pmid40665951,
year = {2025},
author = {Taraschi, F and Cossa, A and Maggi, S and Lombardi, A and Nicodemi, EM},
title = {18 Years Experience of an Italian Breast Unit Among Male Breast Cancer: A Retrospective Observational Study.},
journal = {Annali italiani di chirurgia},
volume = {96},
number = {7},
pages = {950-955},
doi = {10.62713/aic.3888},
pmid = {40665951},
issn = {2239-253X},
mesh = {Humans ; *Breast Neoplasms, Male/surgery/mortality/diagnosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Male ; Italy/epidemiology ; Middle Aged ; Aged ; *Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/surgery/mortality/diagnosis ; Adult ; *Carcinoma, Lobular/surgery/mortality/diagnosis ; Lymph Node Excision ; Mastectomy ; Time Factors ; Aged, 80 and over ; Survival Rate ; },
abstract = {AIM: Male breast cancer has increased by approximately 26% over the past 25 years, there is a need to research specific treatment options. Currently, there is no established standard treatment which is therefore based on female disease. The purpose of this study is to analyze the clinical characteristics, survival outcomes, and the need for tailored treatment strategies in male breast cancer patients.

METHODS: This is an observational, retrospective, single-center clinical study. The research involved 21 male patients who underwent surgery for breast cancer from 2003 to 2020 in our hospital. In order to strengthen the statistical value of the results obtained, the survival curves of three selected studies in the literature were compared with that obtained in the present study.

RESULTS: All our patients underwent total mastectomy and axillary lymph node dissection. Twenty patients were diagnosed with invasive ductal carcinoma, while only one patient with invasive lobular carcinoma. The 5-year survival was 71.4% with a median survival for metastatic patients of 5.7 years. A statistically significant difference was found when comparing 5-year survival with one of the other three studies (p = 0.048).

CONCLUSIONS: Our findings highlight the delayed clinical presentation of male breast cancer and a 5-year overall survival of 71.4%, underscoring the need for targeted screening strategies to improve early diagnosis and outcomes.The lack of knowledge of this disease at sociocultural and health level is the main reason for delay in diagnosis, a factor that strongly affects the prognosis.},
}

Humans
*Breast Neoplasms, Male/surgery/mortality/diagnosis
Retrospective Studies
Male
Italy/epidemiology
Middle Aged
Aged
*Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/surgery/mortality/diagnosis
Adult
*Carcinoma, Lobular/surgery/mortality/diagnosis
Lymph Node Excision
Mastectomy
Time Factors
Aged, 80 and over
Survival Rate

@article {pmid40656598,
year = {2025},
author = {Yang, C and Wang, H and Tong, Y and Wang, Z and Sun, X and Li, A and Lu, Y and Han, M and Zhu, S and Dong, L and Shen, K and Chen, X},
title = {Clinicopathological and molecular significance of HER2-low expression in Asian women with triple-negative breast cancer.},
journal = {Therapeutic advances in medical oncology},
volume = {17},
number = {},
pages = {17588359251353083},
pmid = {40656598},
issn = {1758-8340},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Heterogeneity of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) expression exists in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). The evolution of the HER2 testing algorithm has led to the new classification of the HER2-low category, with unclear clinicopathological and molecular features in Asian women with HER2-low TNBC.

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to assess the clinicopathological and molecular characteristics of HER2-low TNBC in Asian women.

DESIGN: Our study prospectively included 3376 patients with TNBC diagnosed from 2009 to 2021 in the Shanghai Jiao Tong University Breast Cancer Database (a multicenter dataset), and 92 patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cohort were enrolled.

METHODS: Two different independent TNBC cohorts were included, a multicenter cohort (Whole cohort, n = 3376) and the TCGA cohort (n = 92). Genomic profiling covering 32 mutations for Homologous Recombination Repair and other cancer predisposition genes was obtained. Clinicopathological features, genomic status of the above genes, treatment response, and disease prognosis were compared between HER2-low and HER2-zero TNBC patients.

RESULTS: In Asian females, 1611 (47.72%) TNBC patients were HER2-low. HER2-low was associated with a higher percentage of postmenopausal status (odds ratio (OR) = 1.64, p < 0.001), lymph node positivity (OR = 1.14, p = 0.003), and invasive ductal carcinoma histology (OR = 1.21, p = 0.012). HER2-low group had less BRCA1 mutation (7.02% vs 13.76%, p = 0.038) but was associated with a higher rate of PIK3CA mutation (28.07% vs 12.17%, p < 0.001) compared with HER2-zero TNBC. No significant difference in breast pathologic complete response rate, breast cancer-free interval, or overall survival was observed between HER2-low and HER2-zero TNBC. In the TCGA cohort, lipid metabolism genes were upregulated in the HER2-low TNBC, enriched in alpha-linolenic acid metabolism (normalized enrichment score = 1.51, p = 0.019).

CONCLUSION: Our results show that HER2-low TNBC had specific clinicopathological, genomic profiling, and biological features compared with HER2-zero TNBC in Asian women, but without significant differences in treatment response and prognosis, warranting exploring better treatment strategies to improve disease outcomes.},
}

@article {pmid40656431,
year = {2025},
author = {Malik, M and Mirza, ZR and Idrees, RB and Nawaz, S and Arif, J and Ahmad, B and Chaudry, SS and Chaudhary, MH},
title = {Interplay of Receptor Status, Age, and Stage in Breast Cancer: A Prospective Analysis.},
journal = {Cureus},
volume = {17},
number = {6},
pages = {e85925},
pmid = {40656431},
issn = {2168-8184},
abstract = {Background Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer among women globally, with significant variations in incidence and characteristics across different age groups and regions. Understanding the relationship between age, hormone receptor status, and breast cancer stage is crucial for developing effective treatment strategies. Objectives This study aimed to: (1) categorize the relationship between receptor status and the stage of breast cancer, (2) determine the frequency of different receptor statuses according to patient age, and (3) correlate the relationship between age and the stage of breast cancer among Pakistani women. Materials and methods A prospective analysis was conducted on 1003 breast cancer patients from a semi-government-run hospital in Lahore, Pakistan, between October 2021 to October 2023 using systematic sampling to recruit every fourth patient of breast cancer. Data on age, tumor grade, histopathological subtype, and hormone receptor status (estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2/NEU (HER2/NEU), Ki-67) were collected and analyzed using SPSS v26 (IBM Corp., Armonk, USA). Chi-squared test was employed to explore associations between age groups and receptor status. Results The mean age of patients was 50.5 years, with a concentration of cases between 41 and 60 years. Invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) was the most common subtype (91%). Grade II tumors were most prevalent (50.6%), followed by Grade III (45.5%). The majority of patients were ER-positive (62.4%), followed by PR-positive (52.3%), while HER2/NEU positivity was 44%. The most common receptor status was HER2/NEU negative and ER/PR positive (28.9%). Receptor status distribution varied significantly among age groups (p < 0.000), with younger patients more likely to have triple-negative breast cancers and older patients more likely to have ER/PR-positive, HER2/NEU-negative cancers. Ki-67 levels were assessed in 41.5% of patients, with higher levels observed in younger patients. Younger patients (20-30 years) had a higher prevalence of Grade III tumors, whereas older patients (over 60 years) more frequently had Grade II tumors. There were no significant differences in hormone receptor status distribution across cancer stages (p = 0.76). The stage of carcinoma did not significantly differ across age groups (p = 0.05). Conclusion The study highlights significant age-related differences in breast cancer pathology, particularly in tumor grade and receptor status, underscoring the need for age-specific treatment strategies. Younger patients tend to present with more aggressive tumors, necessitating tailored therapeutic approaches to improve outcomes.},
}

@article {pmid40644582,
year = {2025},
author = {Wang, G and Liu, X and Si, Z and Wang, Z and Wang, X},
title = {A Scallop-shaped Photopenic Region in the Urinary Bladder Area on Tc-99m MDP Bone Scan Caused by a Uterine Cervical Leiomyoma.},
journal = {Clinical nuclear medicine},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1097/RLU.0000000000006049},
pmid = {40644582},
issn = {1536-0229},
abstract = {A 46-year-old woman with right breast invasive ductal carcinoma and sternalgia underwent Tc-99m methylene diphosphonate (MDP) whole-body bone scintigraphy, on which a scallop-shaped photopenic region in the urinary bladder area was found, besides increased radioactivity in the sternum region and both breasts. By reviewing a previous CT scan, a pelvic mass oppressing the right wall of the urinary bladder was noted, which was confirmed to be a rare uterine cervical leiomyoma by biopsy.},
}

@article {pmid40642685,
year = {2025},
author = {Takaoka, K and Oura, S},
title = {A Case of Breast Cancer Arising From a Florid Adenosis Nodule.},
journal = {Cureus},
volume = {17},
number = {6},
pages = {e85725},
pmid = {40642685},
issn = {2168-8184},
abstract = {A 42-year-old woman noticed a left breast mass and was diagnosed with florid adenosis by vacuum-assisted biopsy (VAB) 10 years before. Semiannual ultrasound follow-ups showed gradual shrinkage of the florid adenosis nodule as time passed after VAB, but showed a slight increase in size after her marriage at the age of 40. Thereafter, the sudden rapid growth of the nodule made us again examine it in detail. Magnetic resonance imaging of the masses, including a daughter nodule in the nipple direction, showed low signals on T1-weighted images, slightly high signals on fat-suppressed T2-weighted images, and persistent rim enhancement on subtraction images. The patient underwent core needle biopsy under the tentative diagnosis of breast cancer. Pathological study showed atypical cells growing in a papillary fashion with bleeding and necrosis, leading to the diagnosis of invasive ductal carcinoma. Immunostaining showed estrogen and progesterone receptor negativity, human epidermal growth factor receptor type 2 negativity, and a high Ki-67 labeling index of 60%. The patient, therefore, underwent nipple-preserving mastectomy and sentinel biopsy followed by immediate breast reconstruction using an extended latissimus dorsi musculocutaneous flap. Postoperative pathological study showed that the breast cancer had similar pathological findings to those of the core needle biopsy specimen and a higher Ki-67 labeling index of 70%. The patient recovered uneventfully and was discharged on the 9th day after the operation. The patient has received dose-dense chemotherapy and is scheduled for periodical checkups on an outpatient basis. Breast specialists should note that even pathologically proven florid adenosis nodules might develop breast cancer.},
}

@article {pmid40639624,
year = {2025},
author = {Borella, F and Gallio, N and Giurdanella, M and Capella, G and Cassoni, P and Castellano, I},
title = {Triple-Negative Lobular Breast Cancer: focus on pathology and clinical challenges.},
journal = {Human pathology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {105871},
doi = {10.1016/j.humpath.2025.105871},
pmid = {40639624},
issn = {1532-8392},
abstract = {Triple-negative invasive lobular carcinoma is a rare and under-characterized subtype of breast cancer, distinct from the more common triple-negative invasive ductal carcinoma. While triple-negative invasive ductal carcinoma is generally recognized for its aggressive clinical behavior and lack of targeted treatment options, triple-negative invasive lobular carcinoma presents unique histopathological and molecular features that may influence its prognosis and therapeutic responsiveness. Despite these differences, triple-negative invasive lobular carcinoma remains poorly studied, leading to a reliance on treatment strategies adapted from ductal histotype, which may not fully address its biological complexities. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of triple-negative invasive lobular carcinoma by analyzing its clinicopathological characteristics, prognostic factors, and emerging therapeutic approaches. We explore the genetic alterations commonly observed in triple-negative invasive lobular carcinoma, their potential implications for treatment selection, and the challenges in current management strategies. Furthermore, we discuss the need for specialized research efforts and clinical trials to define treatment paradigms better. As precision oncology continues to evolve, understanding the biological distinctions of triple-negative invasive lobular carcinoma will be essential for optimizing patient outcomes and developing more effective treatment strategies.},
}

@article {pmid40637704,
year = {2025},
author = {Umezu, M and Kondo, Y and Ichikawa, S and Sasaki, Y and Kaneko, K and Ozaki, T and Koizumi, N and Seki, H},
title = {Recurrence prediction of invasive ductal carcinoma from preoperative contrast-enhanced computed tomography using deep convolutional neural network.},
journal = {Biomedical physics & engineering express},
volume = {11},
number = {4},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1088/2057-1976/adeab5},
pmid = {40637704},
issn = {2057-1976},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; *Tomography, X-Ray Computed/methods ; *Breast Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging/pathology/surgery ; Retrospective Studies ; *Neural Networks, Computer ; Middle Aged ; *Contrast Media ; *Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/diagnostic imaging ; *Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/diagnostic imaging/pathology/surgery ; Aged ; ROC Curve ; Adult ; Preoperative Period ; Area Under Curve ; Convolutional Neural Networks ; },
abstract = {Predicting the risk of breast cancer recurrence is crucial for guiding therapeutic strategies, including enhanced surveillance and the consideration of additional treatment after surgery. In this study, we developed a deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) model to predict recurrence within six years after surgery using preoperative contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) images, which are widely available and effective for detecting distant metastases. This retrospective study included preoperative CECT images from 133 patients with invasive ductal carcinoma. The images were classified into recurrence and no-recurrence groups using ResNet-101 and DenseNet-201. Classification performance was evaluated using the area under the receiver operating curve (AUC) with leave-one-patient-out cross-validation. At the optimal threshold, the classification accuracies for ResNet-101 and DenseNet-201 were 0.73 and 0.72, respectively. The median (interquartile range) AUC of DenseNet-201 (0.70 [0.69-0.72]) was statistically higher than that of ResNet-101 (0.68 [0.66-0.68]) (p < 0.05). These results suggest the potential of preoperative CECT-based DCNN models to predict breast cancer recurrence without the need for additional invasive procedures.},
}

Humans
Female
*Tomography, X-Ray Computed/methods
*Breast Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging/pathology/surgery
Retrospective Studies
*Neural Networks, Computer
Middle Aged
*Contrast Media
*Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/diagnostic imaging
*Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/diagnostic imaging/pathology/surgery
Aged
ROC Curve
Adult
Preoperative Period
Area Under Curve
Convolutional Neural Networks

@article {pmid40636692,
year = {2025},
author = {Zhang, Q and Xiong, Z and Gao, Y and Zeng, M and Yang, H and Lyu, G},
title = {Rare case report: non-mass invasive ductal carcinoma presenting with rectal and cervical lymph node metastasis as the initial symptom.},
journal = {Frontiers in oncology},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1606116},
pmid = {40636692},
issn = {2234-943X},
abstract = {It is uncommon for breast cancer to present with distant metastasis as the initial symptom. This study reported a 67-year-old female patient with breast non-mass invasive ductal carcinoma, who sought medical attention due to abdominal distention, lower abdominal pain, constipation, hematochezia, and left-sided neck swelling. After a thorough examination, pathology confirmed the diagnosis of breast invasive ductal carcinoma, along with cervical lymph node and rectal metastasis. The non-specific breast symptoms in this case posed challenges for the early diagnosis of breast cancer. This also suggests that for breast cancer patients without a history of gastrointestinal disease, the presence of changes in bowel habits should raise suspicion for metastatic lesions. Imaging combined with biopsy pathology plays an important role in the diagnosis and treatment of non-mass breast cancer. This case also underscores the importance of breast health awareness and routine breast cancer screening among women, both for clinical practice and public health initiatives. Notably, early identification and diagnosis of non-mass breast cancer, coupled with the development of personalized treatment plans through multidisciplinary collaboration, are essential for enhancing treatment efficacy.},
}

@article {pmid40630196,
year = {2025},
author = {Zhang, T and Cui, T and Cao, Z and Hu, J and Ma, J},
title = {Deep learning-based risk stratification of ductal carcinoma in situ using mammography and abbreviated breast magnetic resonance imaging.},
journal = {Frontiers in oncology},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1587882},
pmid = {40630196},
issn = {2234-943X},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Current management of ductal carcinoma in situ lacks robust risk stratification tools, leading to universal surgical and radiotherapy interventions despite heterogeneous progression risks. Optimizing therapeutic balance remains a critical unmet clinical need.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed two patient cohorts. The first included 173 cases with BI-RADS category 3 or higher findings, used to compare the diagnostic accuracy of four abbreviated MRI protocols against the full diagnostic MRI. The second cohort involved 210 patients who had both mammography and abbreviated MRI. We developed two separate predictive models-one for pure ductal carcinoma in situ and another for invasive ductal carcinoma with associated ductal carcinoma in situ-by integrating clinical, imaging, and pathological features. Deep learning and natural language processing techniques were used to extract relevant features, and model performance was assessed using bootstrap validation.

RESULTS: Abbreviated Magnetic Resonance Imaging protocols demonstrated similar diagnostic accuracy to the full protocol (P > 0.05), offering a faster yet effective imaging option. The pure group incorporated features like nuclear grade, calcification morphology, and lesion size, achieving an Area Under the Curve of 0.905, with 86.8% accuracy and an F1 score of 0.853. The model for invasive cases incorporated features Ki-67 status, lymph vascular invasion, and enhancement patterns, achieved an Area Under the Curve of 0.880, with 86.2% accuracy and an F1 score of 0.834. Both models showed good calibration and clinical utility, as confirmed by bootstrap resampling and decision curve analysis.

CONCLUSION: Deep Learning-driven multimodal models enable precise ductal carcinoma in situ risk stratification, addressing overtreatment challenges. abbreviated Magnetic Resonance Imaging achieves diagnostic parity with full diagnostic protocol, positioning Magnetic Resonance Imaging as a viable ductal carcinoma in situ screening modality.},
}

@article {pmid40629357,
year = {2025},
author = {Xiao, C and Zhang, Y and Li, J},
title = {The prognostic differences between breast-conserving surgery and mastectomy in patients with invasive ductal carcinoma who achieved complete response following neoadjuvant chemotherapy: a propensity score matched analysis based on the SEER database.},
journal = {World journal of surgical oncology},
volume = {23},
number = {1},
pages = {269},
pmid = {40629357},
issn = {1477-7819},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; *Breast Neoplasms/pathology/mortality/therapy/surgery ; Propensity Score ; *Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology/mortality/therapy/surgery ; SEER Program/statistics & numerical data ; Middle Aged ; *Mastectomy, Segmental/mortality ; *Neoadjuvant Therapy/mortality ; Prognosis ; *Mastectomy/mortality ; Survival Rate ; Follow-Up Studies ; Adult ; Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The study investigates the prognostic differences between breast-conserving surgery (BCS) and mastectomy in patients with invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast who achieve a complete response (CR) after neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

METHODS: This study analyzed data from 9,411 patients diagnosed with invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast who achieved complete response following neoadjuvant chemotherapy, using data from the SEER database between 2010 and 2019, comprising 4,219 patients in the BCS group and 5,192 in the mastectomy group. Propensity score matching (PSM) was employed to control for confounding variables, and univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify variables associated with overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS). Kaplan-Meier survival curves were used to evaluate the prognosis of patients in the two groups.

RESULTS: The multivariate Cox regression analysis demonstrated that histological subtype, T stage, N stage, surgical method, and radiotherapy were risk factors for CSS, while age, histological subtype, T stage, and N stage were associated with OS (p < 0.05). Following matching, the Kaplan-Meier survival analysis curve suggested that the BCS group had higher CSS than the mastectomy group (p < 0.05), although there was no statistically significant difference in OS between the two groups (p = 0.16). Subgroup analysis revealed that, among patients aged ≤ 50, of White ethnicity, with grade 3 tumors, and HR+/HER-2- subtype, the BCS group exhibited superior CSS compared to the mastectomy group (p < 0.05).

CONCLUSION: Patients with invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast who achieve complete response following neoadjuvant chemotherapy experience better CSS benefits with BCS compared to undergoing mastectomy.},
}

Humans
Female
*Breast Neoplasms/pathology/mortality/therapy/surgery
Propensity Score
*Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology/mortality/therapy/surgery
SEER Program/statistics & numerical data
Middle Aged
*Mastectomy, Segmental/mortality
*Neoadjuvant Therapy/mortality
Prognosis
*Mastectomy/mortality
Survival Rate
Follow-Up Studies
Adult
Aged
Retrospective Studies
Chemotherapy, Adjuvant

@article {pmid40629116,
year = {2025},
author = {Wang, R and Zhao, F and Yan, T and Li, Y and Cheng, D and Wang, W and Tian, C and Yu, H},
title = {Gallbladder metastasis in invasive ductal breast cancer with concurrent gallstones and gallbladder carcinoma.},
journal = {Discover oncology},
volume = {16},
number = {1},
pages = {1287},
pmid = {40629116},
issn = {2730-6011},
support = {AHWJ2023A10015//2023 Health research project of Anhui Health Commission/ ; YZ2023H2A006//Anhui University of Science and Technology 2023 medical special cultivation project/ ; NO. 2023AH040405//Scientific research project (Natural science) of Anhui University/ ; NO.2023szsfkc069//2023 Provincial new era education quality engineering (graduate education) project/ ; },
abstract = {The gallbladder is an uncommon location for tumor metastases. Breast cancer seldom spreads to the gallbladder, although melanoma and renal cell tumors typically do. We report a case of a 58-year-old woman with chronic cholecystitis caused by gallstones. Following a laparoscopic cholecystectomy, a nodule was discovered on the gallbladder wall. Based on her medical history and pathological tissue molecular typing, the diagnosis was determined to be gallbladder metastasis of invasive breast ductal carcinoma, with a negative hormone receptor. Two years prior, the patient had undergone a modified radical mastectomy for left breast cancer. The postoperative pathology revealed grade III invasive ductal carcinoma, pT2N1M0, and a negative hormone receptor. This case report highlights the rare occurrence of invasive breast ductal carcinoma metastasizing to the gallbladder.},
}

@article {pmid40622486,
year = {2025},
author = {Kaindal, S and Venkataramana, B},
title = {Demographic and clinical predictors of treatment outcomes in invasive lobular carcinoma breast cancer: insights from Cox regression analysis.},
journal = {Discover oncology},
volume = {16},
number = {1},
pages = {1273},
pmid = {40622486},
issn = {2730-6011},
abstract = {Invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) ranks as the second most prevalent type of breast cancer after invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC). Understanding the demographics, clinical, and treatment outcomes of patients with ILC is essential for developing personalized treatment strategies. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the risk factors, treatment efficacy, demographics, and effects of marital status on treatment approaches for patients with lobular carcinoma. The data retrieved from the SEER program included 2,085 patients with lobular carcinoma. Descriptive statistics describe their clinical and demographical characteristics, while inferential statistics, including the Pearson chi-square test and Cox regression models, assess treatment outcomes based on age and clinicopathological factors. Among the cohort, 7.9% of patients were aged 30-44, 40.1% were aged 45-59, and 52% were aged 60-74. The analysis indicated that patients aged 45-59 predominantly received radiation therapy, while those aged 60-74 primarily underwent chemotherapy. Compared to older individuals, younger patients demonstrated a more favorable response to chemotherapy (HR = 0.653, 95% CI: 0.261-1.633) and radiation therapy (HR = 0.625, 95% CI: 0.249-1.565). Age at diagnosis was an independent factor in breast cancer of lobular carcinoma. The Cox regression models revealed significant disparities in treatment effects across different age groups and clinicopathological characteristics. The chi-square analysis showed no significant associations for most variables, indicating that unmeasured factors influence chemotherapy and radiation therapy. A frailty model better captures risk factors, improving treatment decision-making and patient outcome analysis. This study emphasizes the need to evaluate demographic and clinical factors in treatment planning for lobular carcinoma patients. The findings suggest that personalized treatment strategies should be developed to address the varying responses to treatment among different patient cohorts.},
}

@article {pmid40619853,
year = {2025},
author = {Brunetta, HS and Mori, MA and Bartelt, A},
title = {Oxidative Phosphorylation in Uncoupled Mitochondria.},
journal = {BioEssays : news and reviews in molecular, cellular and developmental biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e70038},
doi = {10.1002/bies.70038},
pmid = {40619853},
issn = {1521-1878},
support = {DFG 4925/5-1 AOBJ 704031//Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft/ ; },
abstract = {Mitochondrial membrane potential is highly dependent on coupled as well as uncoupled respiration. While brown adipose tissue (BAT) mediates non-shivering thermogenesis (NST), a highly adaptive bioenergetic process critical for energy metabolism, the relationship of coupled and uncoupled respiration in thermogenic adipocytes remains complicated. Uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1)-mediated proton leak is the primary driver of NST, but recent studies have shown that oxidative phosphorylation may be an underappreciated contributor to UCP1-dependent NST. Here, we highlight the role of ATP synthase for BAT thermogenesis and discuss the implications of fine-tuning adrenergic signaling in brown adipocytes by the protein inhibitory factor 1 (IF1). We conclude by hypothesizing future directions for mitochondrial research, such as investigating the potential role of IF1 for mitochondrial substrate preference, structural dynamics, as well as its role in cell fate decision and differentiation.},
}

@article {pmid40614127,
year = {2025},
author = {Grant, RS and Kakani, P and Movva, P and Daskivich, TJ and Raman, SS and Sisk, AE and Brisbane, WG and Reiter, RE and Weiner, AB},
title = {Identifying cribriform and intraductal histology on magnetic resonance imaging-assisted biopsy for patients with intermediate-grade prostate cancer: Implications for active surveillance.},
journal = {Cancer},
volume = {131},
number = {14},
pages = {e35968},
doi = {10.1002/cncr.35968},
pmid = {40614127},
issn = {1097-0142},
mesh = {Humans ; Male ; *Prostatic Neoplasms/pathology/diagnostic imaging/surgery ; *Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods ; Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Grading ; Watchful Waiting ; *Image-Guided Biopsy/methods ; Prostatectomy ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Prostate/pathology/diagnostic imaging ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Nearly 12% of patients in the United States with intermediate-risk prostate cancer (PCa) opt for surveillance as their initial management strategy. Patients with aggressive histologic variants, such as cribriform and intraductal carcinoma (IDC), are considered poor candidates for surveillance. The objective of this study was to determine the sensitivity and specificity of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-assisted biopsy for detecting cribriform PCa and IDC.

METHODS: In this retrospective cohort study, patients who underwent prostate MRI before biopsy within 6 months of prostatectomy at a single institution (2018-2024) were identified. All patients had grade group 2-3 (GG2-3) PCa on biopsy. The primary outcome was the sensitivity of MRI-assisted biopsy for detecting cribriform PCa and IDC by patient in the prostatectomy specimen.

RESULTS: The authors identified 641 patients who had 1186 tumors that were GG2-3 PCa on biopsy. The median time between MRI and biopsy was 31 days, and the median time between biopsy and surgery was 91 days. Cribriform PCa was identified in 35 patients (5.5%) at the time of biopsy and in 119 patients (18.6%) at surgery. IDC was present in 22 patients (3.4%) at biopsy and in 71 patients (11.1%) at surgery. By patient, the sensitivity for detecting cribriform PCa, IDC, or either was 21.8%, 26.8%, and 29.3%, respectively. The sensitivity by tumor for cribriform PCa, IDC, or either was 20.5%, 27.3%, and 28%, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS: The sensitivity of MRI-assisted biopsy for detecting cribriform PCa and IDC in patients with GG2-3 PCa is poor. This work should encourage improvements in detecting variant histologies with optimized biopsy, imaging, and adjunct biomarkers.},
}

Humans
Male
*Prostatic Neoplasms/pathology/diagnostic imaging/surgery
*Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods
Aged
Retrospective Studies
Middle Aged
Neoplasm Grading
Watchful Waiting
*Image-Guided Biopsy/methods
Prostatectomy
Sensitivity and Specificity
Prostate/pathology/diagnostic imaging

@article {pmid40612485,
year = {2025},
author = {Câmara, B and Florindo, C and de Lima, CB and Correia, N and Fernandes, I and Batista, M and Gaspar, A and Janeiro, P},
title = {Rethinking phenylalanine levels in phenylketonuria for optimal neurocognitive development beyond childhood.},
journal = {Frontiers in pediatrics},
volume = {13},
number = {},
pages = {1488809},
pmid = {40612485},
issn = {2296-2360},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Phenylketonuria (PKU) is an inborn error of phenylalanine (Phe) metabolism that disrupts neurotransmitter balance. Although early intervention has improved outcomes, neurocognitive challenges persist, particularly during adolescence. Metabolic control guidelines for patients aged >12 years differ between the European Union and the United States, with recommended blood Phe levels below 600 µM and 360 µM, respectively.

METHODS: This study evaluated the relationship between blood Phe levels, intelligence quotient (IQ), and executive functions using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Third Edition and the d2 Test of Attention. Blood Phe levels were monitored longitudinally and summarized using the Index of Dietary Control (IDC), calculated as the mean of individual annual median Phe concentrations, both before and after 12 years of age.

RESULTS: The study included 14 early-treated PKU patients aged 12-17 years, all diagnosed through newborn screening programs. Participants maintained good metabolic control (IDC <360 µM) prior to 12 years of age, with a mean IDC of 302 µM. Higher IQ scores before the age of 12 years were observed only among patients with consistent dietary compliance. After that age, attentional performance declined in those who were noncompliant with dietary recommendations. Additionally, occasional elevations in blood Phe levels at the time of cognitive assessments were associated with poorer cognitive performance.

DISCUSSION: These findings underscore the detrimental effects of elevated Phe levels on executive functions during adolescence and highlight the need for larger studies to determine whether blood Phe levels between 360 and 600 µM are safe for patients aged >12 years.},
}

@article {pmid40611065,
year = {2025},
author = {Zhou, L and Wu, Y and Wen, X and Guo, X and Zhang, L and Zhao, T and Song, W and Xin, Y and Su, Z and Sun, L and Tian, J},
title = {Prediction model for assessing HER2 status patient with invasive ductal carcinoma based on clinical parameters and ultrasound features: a dual-center study.},
journal = {BMC women's health},
volume = {25},
number = {1},
pages = {291},
pmid = {40611065},
issn = {1472-6874},
support = {2025KY564//Medical Science and Technology Project of Zhejiang Province/ ; 82371984, 82202168, and 82272001//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; ZH22036201210064PWC//The Science and Technology Plan Medical and Health Project of Zhuhai/ ; YQ2022H010//Outstanding Youth Program of the Heilongjiang Natural Science Foundation/ ; 2024C03069//Major Scientific and Technological Project of Zhejiang Province/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; *Receptor, ErbB-2/metabolism/analysis ; Middle Aged ; *Breast Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging/pathology/metabolism ; Retrospective Studies ; *Nomograms ; *Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/diagnostic imaging/pathology/metabolism ; Adult ; *Ultrasonography, Mammary ; Aged ; ROC Curve ; },
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: The assessment of Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 (HER2) expression status is crucial for determining the eligibility of breast cancer (BC) patients for HER2-targeted therapies. This study aims to develop a nomogram model that incorporates multimodal ultrasound imaging features alongside clinicopathological characteristics to evaluate HER2 status.

METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 456 breast cancer patients who underwent breast ultrasound between January 2019 and December 2021. The dataset was randomly divided into a training cohort (n = 319) and a validation cohort (n = 137) in a 7:3 ratio. Independent factors predicting HER2 status in the training cohort were evaluated using univariate and multivariate logistic regression. Subsequently, a combined model was developed and validated in the validation cohort. Model performance was assessed through receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, decision curve analysis (DCA) and calibration curves to evaluate discrimination, net clinical benefit, and calibration, respectively.

RESULTS: Of the 456 patients enrolled, 120 (26.32%) were HER2-positive and 336 (73.68%) were HER2-negative. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) for the combined model distinguishing HER2-negative from HER2-positive patients was 0.864 (95% CI: 0.823-0.904) in the training cohort and 0.874 (95% CI: 0.815-0.933) in the validation cohort. Significant predictors included estrogen receptor (ER) status, Ki67, ultrasound lesion size, calcification, and posterior acoustic features. Additionally, the calibration curves for the combined model indicated good fit in both the training and validation cohorts.

CONCLUSION: A nomogram constructed from clinical and ultrasound features may serve as a promising non-invasive tool for determining HER2 expression status, aiding in the prediction of eligibility for HER2-targeted therapy in clinical practice.

CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBER: Not applicable.},
}

Humans
Female
*Receptor, ErbB-2/metabolism/analysis
Middle Aged
*Breast Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging/pathology/metabolism
Retrospective Studies
*Nomograms
*Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/diagnostic imaging/pathology/metabolism
Adult
*Ultrasonography, Mammary
Aged
ROC Curve

@article {pmid40604374,
year = {2025},
author = {Pardo, J and Capdevila-Lacasa, C and Segura, B and Pané, A and Moreno, PJ and Garrabou, G and Grau-Junyent, JM and Junqué, C and , },
title = {Diffusivity alterations related to cognitive performance and phenylalanine levels in early-treated adults with phenylketonuria.},
journal = {Journal of neurodevelopmental disorders},
volume = {17},
number = {1},
pages = {37},
pmid = {40604374},
issn = {1866-1955},
mesh = {Humans ; *Phenylketonurias/blood/diagnostic imaging/psychology/diet therapy/pathology/complications ; *Phenylalanine/blood ; Adult ; Male ; Female ; Diffusion Tensor Imaging ; *White Matter/diagnostic imaging/pathology ; *Cognition/physiology ; Young Adult ; *Brain/diagnostic imaging ; Neuropsychological Tests ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Altered white matter (WM) is consistently reported in patients with phenylketonuria (PKU). However, the knowledge about WM microstructural integrity in early-treated adults with classical PKU and its relationship with cognition and metabolic parameters is inconclusive. This study aims to explore the cerebral WM microstructural alterations in adult patients with early-treated classical PKU and their association with blood phenylalanine (Phe) levels and neuropsychological performance using whole-brain diffusion tensor imaging (DTI).

METHODS: Twenty-nine patients with early-treated classical PKU (mean age = 30.86, SD = 7.74) and 31 healthy controls (mean age = 32.45, SD = 9.40) underwent neuropsychological assessment and MRI. Phe dry blood spot (DBS-Phe) samples, along with venous Phe levels, were collected from the PKU sample to calculate the index of dietary control (IDC). Tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) of the mean diffusivity (MD), and fractional anisotropy (FA), were carried out with FSL v6.0.4 to assess between-group differences and to explore associations with both cognitive and clinical data.

RESULTS: Patients exhibited a widespread white matter tract involvement, with lower MD and higher FA values compared to controls. The most affected tracts were the inferior longitudinal fasciculus and inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus for MD, and the anterior corona radiata, uncinate fasciculus and forceps minor for FA. MD negatively correlated with IDC and venous Phe levels, whereas FA negatively correlated with full-scale intelligence quotient (FSIQ) (p-value ≤0.05 FWE-corrected).

CONCLUSIONS: Microstructural WM alterations were present in adults with early-treated classical PKU, and these abnormalities were related to global intelligence and metabolic control markers. Although our results suggest the importance of proper disease management, further studies are needed to determine its long-term relevance.},
}

Humans
*Phenylketonurias/blood/diagnostic imaging/psychology/diet therapy/pathology/complications
*Phenylalanine/blood
Adult
Male
Female
Diffusion Tensor Imaging
*White Matter/diagnostic imaging/pathology
*Cognition/physiology
Young Adult
*Brain/diagnostic imaging
Neuropsychological Tests

@article {pmid40603576,
year = {2025},
author = {Marchesi, S and Marinello, A and Ambrosini, P and Cavalli, C and Lo Russo, G and Occhipinti, M},
title = {Immune-checkpoint targeting drug conjugates: a novel class of promising therapeutic agents for cancer treatment.},
journal = {NPJ precision oncology},
volume = {9},
number = {1},
pages = {219},
pmid = {40603576},
issn = {2397-768X},
abstract = {Immune-checkpoint targeting Drug Conjugates (IDCs) are a novel class of therapeutics that combine an immune checkpoint-targeting moiety, a cleavable linker, and a cytotoxic payload. By integrating features and functions of antibody-drug conjugates and immunotherapy, IDCs represent a promising strategy to remodel the tumor microenvironment and enhance antitumor efficacy. Several IDCs targeting checkpoints such as PD-L1, B7-H3, and B7-H4 are in early-phase clinical trials. This review summarizes available data on IDC efficacy and toxicity in human. Although current evidence is limited, ongoing phase III trials and biomarker studies will clarify their optimal clinical role, including potential for tumor-agnostic use.},
}

@article {pmid40599636,
year = {2025},
author = {Usluca, S and Bakir, A and Arikok, AT and Korkut, G and Yagiz, GC and Alper, M},
title = {Detection of Toxoplasma gondii and High-Risk Human Papillomaviruses in FFPE Malignant and Benign Breast Lesions Using Real-Time PCR.},
journal = {Infection and drug resistance},
volume = {18},
number = {},
pages = {3149-3155},
pmid = {40599636},
issn = {1178-6973},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Breast cancer is the most prevalent malignancy among women. In recent years, it has been suggested that various pathogens such as Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) and human papillomavirus (HPV) may play a potential role in the development of breast cancer. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of T. gondii and HPV infections in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue samples of breast cancer patients using real-time PCR.

METHODS: The study included 136 paraffin-embedded biopsy samples with w confirmed malignant breast tumor diagnosis and 50 breast tissue samples diagnosed as benign breast lesions, serving as controls. The presence of T. gondii DNA and high-, medium-, and low-risk HPV genotype DNAs were investigated using the real-time PCR method. First, deparaffinization was performed using xylene and alcohol, followed by DNA extraction and real-time PCR amplification.

RESULTS: The most common histopathological types of malignant breast carcinoma were invasive carcinoma (n=82; 60.3%), invasive lobular carcinoma (n=26; 19.1%), invasive ductal carcinoma (n=8; 5.9%), and mixed invasive carcinoma (n=8; 5.9%). According to the Modified Bloom-Richardson classification, 55.15% of malignant breast tumor samples were grade 2, 32.4% were grade 3, and 12.5% were grade 1. Real-time PCR analysis did not detect T. gondii DNA or HPV DNA in any of these samples.

CONCLUSION: Our findings do not support a role of T. gondii and HPV in breast cancer development. To better understand the possible relationship between breast cancer and these pathogens, further studies with larger sample sizes, diverse diagnostic methods, and broder geographical coverage are necessary.},
}

@article {pmid40598506,
year = {2025},
author = {Raouf, M and Kamal, S and Elsayed, R and Zaki, I and Kholeif, D},
title = {Detection of bovine leukemia virus, Epstein-Barr virus and human papillomavirus in breast cancer tissues of Egyptian patients.},
journal = {Infectious agents and cancer},
volume = {20},
number = {1},
pages = {43},
pmid = {40598506},
issn = {1750-9378},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Breast cancer (BC) remains one of the most common malignancies worldwide. Many viruses have been linked to BC; namely, Human papillomavirus (HPV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and Bovine leukemia virus (BLV). However, a causal role is yet to be established.

OBJECTIVES: To detect the prevalence of BLV, EBV and HPV sequences in BC tissue compared to BC-free tissue and correlate their presence with different pathological features of BC.

SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A retrospective case-control study was conducted on 75 FFPE (formalin fixed paraffin embedded) blocks of BC tissues and 25 of BC-free tissues obtained from Alexandria Main University Hospital pathology department archive. Demographic, medical, pathological data were retrieved from patients' archival records. Hormonal receptor status, Real-time PCR for viral detection and HPV genotyping were done. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS software. The Chi-square test, Fisher's Exact correction and Monte Carlo simulation were used for quantitative variables.

RESULTS: Invasive ductal carcinoma was the most predominant histologic type (85.3%). BLV, EBV and HPV were detected in (22.7% vs. 16%, 14.7% vs. 8%, 6.7% vs. 0%) BC vs. non-BC tissues respectively with HR HPV 16 detection. Lymphovascular invasion (LVI) and stage III were more commonly seen among tissues with positive viral detection vs. those which were negative (64.3% vs. 53% and 39% vs. 17% respectively). However, no single viral detection was found to be statistically significant in relation to clinicopathological parameters. Multiple viral co-existence was found in 18% of PCR positive cases which was significantly associated with younger age (P = 0.026).

CONCLUSION: Low rate of viral presence was found in BC tissues. Nevertheless, LVI and stage III were more commonly seen in tissues with positive viral detection. Moreover, a synergetic relation between multiple viral existence and BC development in young age could be possible yet to be verified.},
}

@article {pmid40598288,
year = {2025},
author = {Idc, G and Gy, W and Klmd, S},
title = {Knowledge and attitudes on cancer pain management among nurses at National Cancer Institute Sri Lanka.},
journal = {BMC nursing},
volume = {24},
number = {1},
pages = {690},
pmid = {40598288},
issn = {1472-6955},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Effective pain management is crucial in oncology nursing, yet gaps in knowledge and attitudes may affect the quality of care.

OBJECTIVE: To describe knowledge and attitudes on cancer pain management among nurses at NCI Sri Lanka.

METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted at the NCI in Sri Lanka among 340 nurses selected using stratified random sampling. Knowledge and attitudes on cancer pain management was assessed using self-administered 41-item Knowledge and Attitudes Survey Regarding Pain (KASRP) questionnaire. Scoring was carried out as per the recommended guidelines and knowledge and attitudes were categorized into three groups as good, moderate, poor using > 75%, 75%- 50% and < 50% as cut-offs. The collected data were analyzed using IBM SPSS version 26.0. Descriptive statistics were calculated, and independent sample t-test followed by one way ANOVA was used to identify associated factors. P-value of < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Ethical approval was obtained by the Research Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Sri Lanka (REC/NSG 06).

RESULTS: The response rate was 80.56%. The majority of participants were females (n = 285, 83.8%), < 35 years (n = 252, 74.1%). Majority (n = 266, 66.5%) had a poor level of knowledge and attitudes on cancer pain management, 31.2% (n = 106) had a moderate level, and only 2.4% (n = 8) had a good level. The mean knowledge and attitude score was 19.2 (4.35). Nurses with a BSc degree or higher (p = .011) and nurses working in wards (p = .003) exhibited a significantly higher knowledge and attitudes score. Significant differences were also found across educational levels (p = .038), with BSc nurses outperforming Diploma holders. However, age, gender, total working experience, experience at NCI, and previous training on pain management did not show any significant associations. Multinomial logistic regression showed educational level and current working station as significant predictors.

CONCLUSION: Significant gaps in knowledge and attitudes towards cancer pain management existed among nurses at the NCI in Sri Lanka. These findings highlight the need for targeted educational interventions to improve the knowledge and attitudes of nurses in managing cancer pain to enhance the quality of oncology care.},
}

@article {pmid40597443,
year = {2025},
author = {Bullock, E and Rozyczko, A and Shabbir, S and Tsoupi, I and Young, AIJ and Travnickova, J and Gómez-Cuadrado, L and Mabruk, Z and Carrasco, G and Morrow, E and Pennel, K and Kloosterman, P and Houthuijzen, JM and Jonkers, J and Avalle, L and Poli, V and Iggo, R and Xiao, X and Guo, J and Zhu, X and Mallon, E and Edwards, J and Patton, EE and Brunton, VG},
title = {Cancer-associated fibroblast driven paracrine IL-6/STAT3 signaling promotes migration and dissemination in invasive lobular carcinoma.},
journal = {Breast cancer research : BCR},
volume = {27},
number = {1},
pages = {121},
pmid = {40597443},
issn = {1465-542X},
support = {Pakistan-Programme 2020-2024//Punjab Educational Endowment Funds/ ; NO. 2022YFS0601//Sichuan Provincial Science and Technology Support Program/ ; MC_UU_00035/13/MRC_/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom ; 68730/MRA/Melanoma Research Alliance/United States ; C157/A24837/CRUK_/Cancer Research UK/United Kingdom ; S3181//NHS Lothian Charity/ ; },
mesh = {*STAT3 Transcription Factor/metabolism/genetics ; *Interleukin-6/metabolism/genetics ; Humans ; Animals ; Female ; Mice ; Cell Movement ; *Breast Neoplasms/pathology/metabolism/genetics ; *Carcinoma, Lobular/pathology/metabolism/genetics ; *Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts/metabolism/pathology ; Zebrafish ; Signal Transduction ; Paracrine Communication ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) is the second most common histological subtype of breast cancer after invasive ductal carcinoma of no special type (NST), accounting for 10-15% of diagnoses. Despite the myriad molecular, histological and clinical differences between ILC and NST tumors, patients are treated in the same way, and although prognosis initially is good, ILC patients have poorer long-term outcomes. Understanding the differences between these two subtypes and identifying ILC-enriched therapeutic targets is necessary to improve patient care.

METHODS: Human and mouse cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), ILC cell lines and patient-derived organoids were used for in vitro and in vivo studies, including western blotting, migration, organotypic invasion assays and dissemination in zebrafish embryos. RNASeq was used to identify CAF and interleukin-6 (IL-6)-derived gene signatures. Bioinformatic analysis of public databases and immunohistochemical of human tumor microarrays was carried out.

RESULTS: We identified IL-6 as a paracrine CAF-derived factor that activates Signal-Transducer-and-Activator-of-Transcription-3 (STAT3) in human and mouse ILC models. Analysis of human breast tumors showed that the IL-6/JAK/STAT3 pathway is enriched in ER + ILC compared to ER + NST. A 42-gene CAF dependent IL-6 gene signature and 64-gene consensus IL-6 gene signature were generated and were significantly enriched in ER + ILC, with many of the genes overexpressed in ILC tumors. IL-6 treatment suppressed downstream estrogen signaling and also led to the acquisition of a more mesenchymal-like phenotype associated with increased migration and invasion. Finally, IL-6 treatment significantly increased ILC cell dissemination following injection into zebrafish embryos.

CONCLUSIONS: CAF-derived IL-6 drives paracrine activation of the IL6/JAK/STAT3 signaling pathway which is enriched in ILC. This leads to the acquisition of pro-tumorigenic phenotypes, highlighting the pathway as a potential therapeutic target in ILC.},
}

*STAT3 Transcription Factor/metabolism/genetics
*Interleukin-6/metabolism/genetics
Humans
Animals
Female
Mice
Cell Movement
*Breast Neoplasms/pathology/metabolism/genetics
*Carcinoma, Lobular/pathology/metabolism/genetics
*Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts/metabolism/pathology
Zebrafish
Signal Transduction
Paracrine Communication
Cell Line, Tumor
Neoplasm Invasiveness
Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic

@article {pmid40596034,
year = {2025},
author = {Yang, Q and Xi, L and Huang, M and Zhang, H and Zhou, F},
title = {Nomogram for the prediction of the prognosis of patients with triple-negative invasive ductal carcinoma of breast after neoadjuvant chemotherapy.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {21666},
pmid = {40596034},
issn = {2045-2322},
mesh = {Humans ; *Nomograms ; Female ; *Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy/pathology/mortality ; Middle Aged ; Neoadjuvant Therapy ; Prognosis ; Adult ; *Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/drug therapy/pathology/mortality ; Aged ; ROC Curve ; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant ; SEER Program ; },
abstract = {Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) represents a subtype of breast cancer with a poor prognosis because of limited treatment options at present. Therefore, this study aimed to use nomograms to forecast the prognosis of patients with triple-negative invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast (TN-IDC) undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NCT). 3573 TNBC patients from the SEER database who received NCT between 2010 and 2015 were selected and randomized in 7:3 into the training or the testing group. Then, nomograms for overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) of the two groups were created via univariate and multivariate analyses. Consistency index (C-index), calibration curve, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), decision curve analysis (DCA) were employed to evaluate the reliability and accuracy of the model. As demonstrated by univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses, 8 indicators (AJCC_M, AJCC_N, AJCC_T, positive lymph nodes [LNs] and the number of positive LNs, liver metastases, response to NCT, and radical surgery) were incorporated in the nomogram. The results indicated that the C-index of the OS prediction model was 0.776 for the training group and 0.779 for the testing group. In the training group, the AUC for forecasting 1-, 3-, and 5-year OS was 0.840, 0.822, and 0.817, respectively; in the testing group, the AUC was 0.889, 0.821, and 0.813, respectively. The C-index of the CSS prediction model was 0.790 for the training group and 0.789 for the testing group. In the training group, the AUC for forecasting 1-, 3-, and 5-year CSS was 0.853, 0.829, and 0.827, respectively; in the testing group, the AUC was 0.887, 0.800, and 0.820, respectively. Both C-index and AUC of OS and CSS prediction models were above or close to 0.8, indicating good predictability of the model. DCA consistently indicated that using the nomogram for OS and CSS prediction yielded favorable net clinical benefit, and the nomogram outperformed the AJCC TNM staging system in decision-making. T2-4 (maximum tumor diameter > 2 cm or invasion of the chest wall/skin), N3, M1, liver metastasis, incomplete remission after chemotherapy, and breast-conserving surgery were prognostic risk factors in TN-IDC patients receiving NCT. Higher T stage (T3-4, maximum tumor diameter > 5 cm or invasion of the chest wall/skin), N stage (N3), liver metastasis, non-remission (NR) after NCT, and positive LNs after chemotherapy were linked to worse OS and CSS. After NCT, the number of positive LNs ≥ 4 and NR for lesion exhibited the greatest impact on OS and CSS.},
}

Humans
*Nomograms
Female
*Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy/pathology/mortality
Middle Aged
Neoadjuvant Therapy
Prognosis
Adult
*Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/drug therapy/pathology/mortality
Aged
ROC Curve
Chemotherapy, Adjuvant
SEER Program

@article {pmid40595592,
year = {2025},
author = {Mello, RM and Gomez Ceballos, D and Sandate, CR and Wang, S and Jouffe, C and Agudelo, D and Uhlenhaut, NH and Thomä, NH and Simon, MC and Lamia, KA},
title = {BMAL1 and ARNT enable circadian HIF2α responses in clear cell renal cell carcinoma.},
journal = {Nature communications},
volume = {16},
number = {1},
pages = {5834},
pmid = {40595592},
issn = {2041-1723},
support = {CA211187//U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Cancer Institute (NCI)/ ; CA271500//U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Cancer Institute (NCI)/ ; UL1TR002550//U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS)/ ; DK136780//U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (National Institute of Diabetes & Digestive & Kidney Diseases)/ ; 450149205//Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (German Research Foundation)/ ; 450149205//Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (German Research Foundation)/ ; },
mesh = {*ARNTL Transcription Factors/metabolism/genetics ; *Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors/metabolism/genetics/antagonists & inhibitors ; *Carcinoma, Renal Cell/genetics/metabolism/pathology/drug therapy ; Humans ; *Kidney Neoplasms/genetics/metabolism/pathology/drug therapy ; *Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Nuclear Translocator/metabolism/genetics ; Animals ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; *Circadian Rhythm/genetics ; Mice ; Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays ; Cell Proliferation/drug effects ; Female ; },
abstract = {Circadian disruption enhances cancer risk, and many tumors exhibit disordered circadian gene expression. We show rhythmic gene expression is unexpectedly robust in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). The core circadian transcription factor BMAL1 is closely related to ARNT, and we show that BMAL1-HIF2α regulates a subset of HIF2α target genes in ccRCC cells. Depletion of BMAL1 selectively reduces HIF2α chromatin association and target gene expression and reduces ccRCC growth in culture and in xenografts. Analysis of pre-existing data reveals higher BMAL1 in patient-derived xenografts that are sensitive to growth suppression by a HIF2α antagonist (PT2399). BMAL1-HIF2α is more sensitive than ARNT-HIF2α is to suppression by PT2399, and the effectiveness of PT2399 for suppressing xenograft tumor growth in vivo depends on the time of day at which it is delivered. Together, these findings indicate that an alternate HIF2α heterodimer containing the circadian partner BMAL1 influences HIF2α activity, growth, and sensitivity to HIF2α antagonist drugs in ccRCC cells.},
}

*ARNTL Transcription Factors/metabolism/genetics
*Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors/metabolism/genetics/antagonists & inhibitors
*Carcinoma, Renal Cell/genetics/metabolism/pathology/drug therapy
Humans
*Kidney Neoplasms/genetics/metabolism/pathology/drug therapy
*Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Nuclear Translocator/metabolism/genetics
Animals
Cell Line, Tumor
Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
*Circadian Rhythm/genetics
Mice
Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
Cell Proliferation/drug effects
Female

@article {pmid40593019,
year = {2025},
author = {Saha, D and Dutta, S},
title = {Introducing electric spring in the voltage frequency regulation of a multi area multi source integrated power system network.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {22373},
doi = {10.1038/s41598-025-05576-y},
pmid = {40593019},
issn = {2045-2322},
abstract = {The present work demonstrates the application of an electric spring in a multi-source interconnected power system in which coordinated control of frequency and voltage loop is investigated. A two-area power system is considered with non-linearity for the thermal power system, such as generation rate constraint and governor dead band, so that the developed model is realistic. A novel cascade controller, namely a two-degree-of-freedom proportional-integral-derivative controller cascaded with a proportional-integral-derivative controller (2DOFPID-PID), is utilized for the first time for reducing the area control error to zero in both the control areas. A powerful algorithm known as the Golden Jackal Algorithm (GJA) is considered for tuning the controller parameters and achieving the minimum performance index. System dynamic responses are observed for the coordinated automatic load frequency control and automatic voltage regulator during step load perturbations and random load perturbations. Selection of the best performance index (PI) among integral of squared error (ISE), integral of time multiplied by absolute error (ITAE), integral of time multiplied by squared error (ITSE), and Integral of absolute error (IAE) proves that ITAE serves the best among others. To model an AC/DC bus, system responses are also investigated with a parallel AC/DC link that depicts satisfactory results in terms of overshoot, undershoot, and settling time. Modelling of the electric spring in the proposed system is integrated to check the terminal voltage deviation and frequency deviation, and mitigate them. Results show reduced generator terminal deviation in both the control areas. Comparison of different powerful algorithms with the proposed one infers the superiority of the proposed golden jackal algorithm with reference to the performance index vs. number of iterations.},
}

@article {pmid40592998,
year = {2025},
author = {Almohanna, H and Almsned, F and Alharbi, H and Al Dossary, N and Alrasheed, A and Alzayer, R and Alwosaibai, K},
title = {A comprehensive epidemiological analysis of breast cancer in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {20816},
pmid = {40592998},
issn = {2045-2322},
mesh = {Humans ; Saudi Arabia/epidemiology ; Female ; Middle Aged ; *Breast Neoplasms/epidemiology/pathology ; Adult ; Retrospective Studies ; Incidence ; Aged ; Receptors, Estrogen/metabolism ; Receptor, ErbB-2/metabolism ; Receptors, Progesterone/metabolism ; },
abstract = {Breast cancer is a leading health concern in Saudi Arabia, characterized by unique demographic and clinical profiles. This study analyzed breast cancer cases at King Fahad Specialist Hospital-Dammam (KFSH-D), focusing on age at diagnosis, disease stage, histological type, and hormonal receptor status. A retrospective cohort study included 5,954 breast cancer patients diagnosed between 2006 and 2022 from the KFSH-D database. Data were extracted via a Real-World Evidence Digital Platform adhering to international standards. Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics, Chi-square tests, t-tests, incidence and mortality rate calculations, survival analysis, and predictive modeling for future incidence trends. The cohort had a mean age at diagnosis of 49 years (SD = 12.0), with most patients aged 40-59 years. Over 99% were female and predominantly Saudi nationals. Approximately two-thirds presented with locally advanced disease, with invasive ductal carcinoma being the most common type (81%). Al Ahsa region accounted for 31% of referral cases. Hormonal receptor status showed 59% HER2-negative, 61% ER-positive, and 56% PR-positive. Predictive modeling forecasted an 80% increase in new cases by 2028, with incidence rates expected to double. This study highlights a younger median age at diagnosis and a high prevalence of late-stage disease. These findings underscore the urgent need for improved screening programs, targeted public health interventions, and better healthcare access in Saudi Arabia.},
}

Humans
Saudi Arabia/epidemiology
Female
Middle Aged
*Breast Neoplasms/epidemiology/pathology
Adult
Retrospective Studies
Incidence
Aged
Receptors, Estrogen/metabolism
Receptor, ErbB-2/metabolism
Receptors, Progesterone/metabolism

@article {pmid40591177,
year = {2025},
author = {Muroyama, Y and Miyashita, M and Miura, T and Sato, S and Watanabe, M and Suzuki, T},
title = {Malignant phyllodes tumor of the breast with osteosarcoma component: a diagnostic dilemma - a case report.},
journal = {Discover oncology},
volume = {16},
number = {1},
pages = {1191},
pmid = {40591177},
issn = {2730-6011},
abstract = {Osteosarcoma component in the breast is rare and can present as a rapidly growing mass with calcification in imaging studies. Differential diagnosis includes metaplastic carcinoma, malignant phyllodes tumor with osteosarcoma component, and exceptionally rare osteosarcoma. Distinguishing these tumors is critical for determining therapeutic strategies, especially in differentiating metaplastic carcinoma, as only the former is indicated for adjuvant chemoradiotherapy. Diagnosis can be challenging, however, particularly when the dominant stromal and/or sarcomatous components mask the epithelial component. Here, we present a rare case of breast tumor with osteosarcoma component determined as malignant phyllodes tumor after extensive pathological examination. A 55-year-old woman presented with a left breast mass rapidly growing over the past 3 months. FDG-PET/CT revealed a calcified tumor in the left breast, nearly exposed to the skin, as well as an incidentally found small right breast tumor. Bilateral total mastectomy with sentinel and left axillary lymph node dissection was performed. Microscopic examination of the left breast tumor revealed osteosarcoma components with the atypical cells producing osteoid/neoplastic bone, chondrosarcoma-like components, and massive overgrowth of atypical spindle cells. Extensive pathological examination revealed a small amount of compressed mammary glands without atypia. Collectively, the diagnosis of malignant phyllodes tumor with osteosarcoma component, was made. The patient was discharged without major postsurgical complications and initiated on anastrozole for the concurrently identified hormone-receptor-positive, HER2-negative right breast invasive ductal carcinoma. Breast tumor with osteosarcoma component warrants not only diligent pathological examination to determine the indication for chemoradiotherapy, but also multidisciplinary collaboration to develop effective therapeutic strategies.},
}

@article {pmid40589310,
year = {2025},
author = {Shan, M and Chen, L and Wang, J and Wen, L},
title = {Dual-Channel Off-Axis Ion Funnel With a Deflection Electrode.},
journal = {Rapid communications in mass spectrometry : RCM},
volume = {39},
number = {20},
pages = {e10103},
doi = {10.1002/rcm.10103},
pmid = {40589310},
issn = {1097-0231},
support = {2023ZY01073//Ministry of Industry and Information Technology/ ; 2022S012//Public welfare project in Ningbo/ ; 2024S002//Public welfare project in Ningbo/ ; 2021Z055//Major projects in Ningbo/ ; //K.C. Wong Magna Fund in Ningbo University/ ; },
abstract = {RATIONALE: In electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) systems, two critical challenges persist: (1) under-expanded supersonic jets at the atmospheric pressure interface (API) cause ion losses and reduced transmission efficiency; (2) residual solvents and charged droplets entering vacuum stages lead to contamination and elevated chemical noise, degrading analysis accuracy.

METHODS: A dual-channel off-axis ion funnel with a deflection electrode (DC-OFIDE) was developed to address these challenges. This device integrates three core components: an ion drift channel (IDC), an ion funnel channel (IFC), and a deflection electrode. The IDC and IFC are separated by conjoined gaps. Ions within the gas stream emanating from the API are extracted from the IDC via a deflection field, while a retarding axial field prolongs ions' residence time, ensuring efficient transfer to the IFC. This DC-OFIDE features an enlarged entrance aperture (Φ18 mm) to accommodate a multi-capillary interface, enhancing compatibility with high-conductance sample introduction systems.

RESULTS: Compared with the original conventional ion funnel (CIF), the DC-OFIDE achieved a threefold enhancement in caffeine ion intensity and a broader m/z transmission window. It demonstrated robust neutral and droplet suppression, maintaining 80% ion intensity even under tripled serum volume infused. In drug screening of hair samples, baseline noises in drug ion peaks were reduced by 36%-82%, with a quadrupled signal-to-noise ratio improvement observed for 6-monoacetylmorphine.

CONCLUSIONS: This DC-OFIDE significantly enhances ion transmission efficiency and chemical noise suppression in ESI-MS, establishing its potential for high-fidelity analysis of complex samples.},
}

@article {pmid40585989,
year = {2025},
author = {Song, W and Wang, J and Gong, S and Wang, X and Xu, J and Wu, R and Jiang, Z and Zhang, H and Wu, L and Wang, Y and Su, Y and Wang, H and Gu, Y},
title = {FAK signaling suppression by OCT4-ITGA6 mediates the effectively removal of residual pluripotent stem cells and enhances application safety.},
journal = {Theranostics},
volume = {15},
number = {14},
pages = {7127-7153},
pmid = {40585989},
issn = {1838-7640},
mesh = {Animals ; *Octamer Transcription Factor-3/metabolism/genetics ; Mice ; *Pluripotent Stem Cells/metabolism/cytology ; Signal Transduction ; Humans ; Cell Differentiation ; Coculture Techniques ; Teratoma/pathology ; *Focal Adhesion Kinase 1/metabolism ; },
abstract = {Rationale: Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) serve as a critical source of seed cells for regenerative therapies due to their unlimited proliferative capacity and ability to differentiate into all three germ layers. Despite their potential, the risk of teratoma formation caused by residual PSCs within differentiated cell populations poses a significant barrier to clinical applications. This study aims to develop a novel strategy to selectively remove residual PSCs while preserving the safety and functionality of PSC-derived differentiated cells (iDCs). Methods: The calcium- and magnesium-free balanced salt solution (BSS(Ca-Mg-)) was employed to selectively target PSCs in a co-culture system comprising PSCs and four types of iDCs. The effect of BSS(Ca-Mg-) treatment on teratoma formation was evaluated in immunodeficient mice following cell transplantation. Comparative analysis and gene knockdown experiments were conducted to explore the molecular mechanisms underlying the differential response of PSCs and iDCs to BSS(Ca-Mg-), focusing on FAK signaling and its interaction with OCT4 and ITGA6. Results: The BSS(Ca-Mg-) treatment effectively induced the detachment of PSCs in the co-culture system without disrupting iDC adhesion. In vivo experiments confirmed that cells treated with BSS(Ca-Mg-) did not form teratomas upon implantation into immunodeficient mice. Mechanistic studies revealed that PSCs exhibit lower activation of FAK signaling compared to iDCs, contributing to their selective detachment. Additionally, OCT4 and ITGA6 were found to maintain each other's protein expression, forming a feedback loop that suppressed FAK signaling, while FAK suppression further enhanced OCT4 expression. Conclusions: The study presents a safe, effective, and cost-efficient method for the selective removal of residual PSCs. This approach enhances existing safety measures for iDC applications, improving the clinical feasibility of iDC-based cell therapies.},
}

Animals
*Octamer Transcription Factor-3/metabolism/genetics
Mice
*Pluripotent Stem Cells/metabolism/cytology
Signal Transduction
Humans
Cell Differentiation
Coculture Techniques
Teratoma/pathology
*Focal Adhesion Kinase 1/metabolism

@article {pmid40581674,
year = {2025},
author = {Liu, G and Yang, N and Qu, Y and Chen, G and Wen, G and Li, G and Deng, L and Mai, Y},
title = {Developing ultrasound-based machine learning models for accurate differentiation between sclerosing adenosis and invasive ductal carcinoma.},
journal = {European radiology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {40581674},
issn = {1432-1084},
support = {2023QN37//The 19th Batch of Jilin Province Innovation and Entrepreneurship Talent Funding Project, China/ ; 2024B011//Health Technology Capability Enhancement Project of Jilin Province/ ; LH2021H109//Joint Guidance Project of the Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang/ ; },
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to develop a machine learning model using breast ultrasound images to improve the non-invasive differential diagnosis between Sclerosing Adenosis (SA) and Invasive Ductal Carcinoma (IDC).

MATERIALS AND METHODS: 2046 ultrasound images from 772 SA and IDC patients were collected, Regions of Interest (ROI) were delineated, and features were extracted. The dataset was split into training and test cohorts, and feature selection was performed by correlation coefficients and Recursive Feature Elimination. 10 classifiers with Grid Search and 5-fold cross-validation were applied during model training. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve and Youden index were used to model evaluation. SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) was employed for model interpretation. Another 224 ROIs of 84 patients from other hospitals were used for external validation.

RESULTS: For the ROI-level model, XGBoost with 18 features achieved an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.9758 (0.9654-0.9847) in the test cohort and 0.9906 (0.9805-0.9973) in the validation cohort. For the patient-level model, logistic regression with 9 features achieved an AUC of 0.9653 (0.9402-0.9859) in the test cohort and 0.9846 (0.9615-0.9978) in the validation cohort. The feature "Original shape Major Axis Length" was identified as the most important, with its value positively correlated with a higher likelihood of the sample being IDC. Feature contributions for specific ROIs were visualized as well.

CONCLUSION: We developed explainable, ultrasound-based machine learning models with high performance for differentiating SA and IDC, offering a potential non-invasive tool for improved differential diagnosis.

KEY POINTS: Question Accurately distinguishing between sclerosing adenosis (SA) and invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) in a non-invasive manner has been a diagnostic challenge. Findings Explainable, ultrasound-based machine learning models with high performance were developed for differentiating SA and IDC, and validated well in external validation cohort. Critical relevance These models provide non-invasive tools to reduce misdiagnoses of SA and improve early detection for IDC.},
}

@article {pmid40578985,
year = {2025},
author = {Woo, HY and Jung, YY and Kim, HS},
title = {Metastatic Invasive Lobular Breast Carcinoma Involving Tamoxifen-related Endometrial Polyp in a Patient With Metachronous Bilateral Breast Carcinomas: A Case Report.},
journal = {In vivo (Athens, Greece)},
volume = {39},
number = {4},
pages = {2456-2463},
doi = {10.21873/invivo.14046},
pmid = {40578985},
issn = {1791-7549},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; *Tamoxifen/adverse effects/therapeutic use ; *Breast Neoplasms/pathology/drug therapy/diagnosis ; Adult ; *Polyps/pathology/diagnosis/chemically induced ; *Carcinoma, Lobular/pathology/drug therapy/diagnosis ; *Endometrial Neoplasms/secondary/diagnosis/pathology ; Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal/adverse effects ; *Neoplasms, Second Primary/pathology ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND/AIM: Metastasis of extragenital malignancies to the female genital tract, particularly the uterus, is exceedingly rare. Invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) is the most common histological type of breast carcinoma that metastasizes to gynecologic organs.

CASE REPORT: A 42-year-old woman receiving tamoxifen presented with an irregularly thickened endometrium on transvaginal ultrasonography. She had previously undergone bilateral partial mastectomies - eight years prior for right-sided invasive ductal carcinoma, and three years prior for left-sided ILC. Hysteroscopic evaluation revealed an endometrial polyp. Microscopic examination of the polypectomy specimen showed variably sized, irregularly shaped branching glands embedded in densely fibrotic stroma. Within the stroma, monomorphic tumor cells with hyperchromatic, eccentrically located nuclei were arranged in single files, thin cords, or nests. Immunostaining revealed that the tumor cells were positive for GATA-binding protein 3 and negative for paired box 8, supporting a diagnosis of metastatic carcinoma from the breast. The final pathological diagnosis was metastatic ILC involving a tamoxifen-associated endometrial polyp.

CONCLUSION: Although rare, breast carcinoma may metastasize to endometrial polyps. Clinicians and pathologists should consider this possibility when evaluating abnormal ultrasonographic findings in the female genital tract, particularly in patients with a history of breast carcinoma receiving tamoxifen therapy. Abnormal ultrasonographic findings in the uterus of such patients warrant a comprehensive diagnostic workup to exclude metastatic disease.},
}

Humans
Female
*Tamoxifen/adverse effects/therapeutic use
*Breast Neoplasms/pathology/drug therapy/diagnosis
Adult
*Polyps/pathology/diagnosis/chemically induced
*Carcinoma, Lobular/pathology/drug therapy/diagnosis
*Endometrial Neoplasms/secondary/diagnosis/pathology
Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal/adverse effects
*Neoplasms, Second Primary/pathology

@article {pmid40574925,
year = {2025},
author = {Lin, YT and Hong, ZJ and Liao, GS and Dai, MS and Chao, TK and Tsai, WC and Sung, YK and Chiu, CH and Chang, CK and Yu, JC},
title = {Unexpected contralateral axillary lymph node metastasis without ipsilateral involvement in triple-negative breast cancer: A case report and review of literature.},
journal = {World journal of clinical cases},
volume = {13},
number = {18},
pages = {103571},
pmid = {40574925},
issn = {2307-8960},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Breast cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality among women worldwide, with invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) being the most prevalent subtype. Lymph node metastasis is the primary prognostic indicator, typically evaluated via biopsy of the ipsilateral sentinel or axillary lymph nodes. Contralateral axillary metastasis (CAM) without ipsilateral involvement is exceedingly rare, particularly in early-stage breast cancer. This report presents a case of CAM in a patient with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), underscoring diagnostic and therapeutic complexities.

CASE SUMMARY: A 73-year-old female presented with left-sided early-stage IDC in February 2023. Despite a modified radical mastectomy and pathologically negative ipsilateral lymph nodes, a postoperative positron emission tomography (PET) scan detected fluorodeoxyglucose-avid nodes in the contralateral axilla. Biopsy confirmed metastatic ductal carcinoma with triple-negative status, resulting in an upstaged diagnosis of metastatic breast cancer, stage IV, M1. The patient underwent six cycles of adjuvant chemotherapy, with follow-up PET imaging showing regression of the contralateral lesion. This case highlights the importance of advanced imaging in TNBC for precise staging and treatment optimization.

CONCLUSION: This case highlights the aggressive nature of TNBC and the need for advanced imaging to ensure accurate staging and effective management.},
}

@article {pmid40574914,
year = {2025},
author = {Wei, L and Tian, Z and Wang, ZY and Liu, WJ and Li, HB and Zhang, Y},
title = {Concurrent invasive ductal carcinoma and ductal carcinoma in situ arising inside and outside a breast hamartoma: A case report.},
journal = {World journal of clinical cases},
volume = {13},
number = {18},
pages = {101882},
pmid = {40574914},
issn = {2307-8960},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Breast hamartomas are rare benign breast tumors, with an incidence rate of 0.8%-4.8%. Further, the coexistence of hamartomas and carcinoma is also uncommon. Our case report presents a unique instance where invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) and ductal carcinoma in situ were found both inside and outside a breast hamartoma. This is the second case reported in the literature.

CASE SUMMARY: A 51-year-old woman presented with a 6.0 cm breast tumor on mammography and ultrasound, with suspicious areas indicative of malignant transformation. Biopsy of the suspicious area confirmed IDC with intraductal carcinoma. Breast magnetic resonance imaging showed typical hamartoma changes with irregular areas of abnormal enhancement both inside and outside. A breast-conserving surgery was performed, and postoperative pathology confirmed mammary hamartoma, concurrent with IDC and intraductal carcinoma occurring both inside and outside the hamartoma. Subsequently, appropriate adjuvant therapy was initiated. Currently, the patient is in good condition. Breast cancer may be located both inside and outside the ipsilateral mammary hamartoma, which is difficult to detect preoperatively, especially when there is a focus of intraductal carcinoma, requiring accurate assessment of the tumor extent by modern imaging techniques. Early detection of the coexistence of cancer is clinically important as it can alter patient management.

CONCLUSION: This case emphasizes the importance of modern imaging techniques in accurately evaluating mammary hamartomas associated with malignancies prior to surgery.},
}

@article {pmid40574868,
year = {2024},
author = {Cobb, AN and Czaja, R and Jorns, J and Cortina, CS},
title = {Breast Cancer Subtypes: Clinicopathologic Features and Treatment Considerations.},
journal = {Current breast cancer reports},
volume = {16},
number = {2},
pages = {150-160},
pmid = {40574868},
issn = {1943-4588},
abstract = {PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of ten unique breast cancer subtypes and their clinicopathologic features and treatment implications.

RECENT FINDINGS: Recent findings show that while many subtypes (mucinous, papillary, tubular, apocrine) have favorable biology, with better overall survival than invasive ductal carcinoma, some (metaplastic, adenoid cystic) are more aggressive portending worse prognosis for patients.

SUMMARY: The differences in histology represented in these breast cancer subtypes often impacts biology, behavior, and prognosis. Due to their rarity, additional research is needed to implement clear treatment protocols for each subtype.},
}

@article {pmid40566345,
year = {2025},
author = {Chang, SP and Braun, KL and Yanagihara, R and De Heer, H and Wu, YY and Chen, Z and Cox, MB and Gorniak, SL and Haddad, G and Hohmann, CF and Lee, ES and Stiles, JK and Teufel-Shone, NI and Nerurkar, VR},
title = {Science Speed Dating to Spur Inter-Institutional Collaborative Research.},
journal = {International journal of environmental research and public health},
volume = {22},
number = {6},
pages = {},
pmid = {40566345},
issn = {1660-4601},
support = {U54MD007582, U54MD007586, U54MD007592, U54MD007597, U54MD007601, U54MD007602, U54MD012388, U54MD013376, U54MD015946/GF/NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *Cooperative Behavior ; *Biomedical Research ; *Interinstitutional Relations ; United States ; Research Personnel ; },
abstract = {A principal strategic goal of the RCMI Coordinating Center (RCMI-CC) is to improve the health of minority populations and to reduce ethnic and geographic disparities in health by coordinating the development and facilitating the implementation of clinical research across the RCMI Consortium. To more effectively spur inter-institutional collaborative research, the RCMI-CC supports a Clinical Research Pilot Projects Program for hypothesis-driven clinical research projects proposed by postdoctoral fellows, early-career faculty and/or early-stage investigators from two or more RCMI U54 Centers. The purpose of this brief report is to summarize the Science Speed Dating sessions to facilitate cross-site collaboration at the RCMI Investigator Development Core (IDC) Workshop, held in conjunction with the 2024 RCMI Consortium National Conference. RCMI investigators and IDC Directors from 20 RCMI U54 Centers participated in two rounds of highly interactive small-group presentations of research ideas and resource needs in search of new collaborative and mentoring partnerships. Workshop participants expressed a high level of satisfaction with the speed-networking format and strongly agreed that the workshop was beneficial to their professional-development goals.},
}

Humans
*Cooperative Behavior
*Biomedical Research
*Interinstitutional Relations
United States
Research Personnel

@article {pmid40564583,
year = {2025},
author = {Galily, Y and Tenenbaum, G},
title = {Emotional and Cognitive Perspectives in Physical Activity and Sport: An Introduction.},
journal = {Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {15},
number = {6},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/bs15060801},
pmid = {40564583},
issn = {2076-328X},
abstract = {In the rapidly evolving world of physical activity and sport science, researchers and practitioners alike are increasingly recognizing that the path to optimal performance and well-being is paved not just with physical conditioning and technical skill but also with emotional regulation and cognitive acuity (Lepers et al [...].},
}

@article {pmid40563575,
year = {2025},
author = {Prajzendanc, K},
title = {DCIS Progression and the Tumor Microenvironment: Molecular Insights and Prognostic Challenges.},
journal = {Cancers},
volume = {17},
number = {12},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/cancers17121925},
pmid = {40563575},
issn = {2072-6694},
abstract = {Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is the most common form of non-invasive breast cancer and a recognized precursor to invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC). Although DCIS itself is confined to the milk duct and not immediately life-threatening, its potential for progression to invasive disease necessitates careful clinical management. The increased detection of DCIS due to advancements in imaging and widespread screening programs has raised critical questions regarding its classification, prognosis, and optimal treatment strategies. While most cases exhibit indolent behavior, others harbor molecular characteristics that drive malignant transformation. A key challenge lies in distinguishing low-risk DCIS, which may never progress, from aggressive cases requiring intervention. Tumor microenvironment dynamics, immune cell infiltration, and molecular alterations, including hormone receptor (HR) status, human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2) expression, and genetic mutations, play crucial roles in determining disease trajectory. This review explores the biological and molecular mechanisms underlying DCIS progression, with an emphasis on myoepithelial cells, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, and microenvironmental factors. By integrating recent findings, this article aims to refine risk stratification approaches and guide future strategies for personalized DCIS management. Improved prognostic biomarkers and targeted therapeutic interventions could help optimize treatment decisions, balancing the need for effective cancer prevention while minimizing overtreatment in low-risk patients.},
}

@article {pmid40563551,
year = {2025},
author = {Bahmad, HF and Wegner, C and Nuraj, J and Avellan, R and Gonzalez, J and Mendez, T and Jabbour, D and Gomez-Fernandez, C},
title = {Perineural Invasion in Breast Cancer: A Comprehensive Review.},
journal = {Cancers},
volume = {17},
number = {12},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/cancers17121900},
pmid = {40563551},
issn = {2072-6694},
abstract = {Perineural invasion (PNI) is a well-recognized histopathologic feature in multiple malignancies; however, its significance in breast cancer remains relatively underexplored. This review provides a synopsis of the current knowledge on PNI in breast cancer, discussing its histopathologic features, molecular mechanisms, diagnostic challenges, and clinical relevance. PNI is most frequently observed in high-grade invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC), particularly in triple-negative and HER2-positive subtypes. It is also seen in special histological subtypes such as mixed, metaplastic, and invasive micropapillary carcinomas. Mechanistically, PNI involves tumor-neural interactions, including neurotrophic factor signaling and epithelial-mesenchymal transition, contributing to tumor progression and potential locoregional recurrence (LRR). While PNI is linked to adverse prognosis in other tumors, its independent role remains unclear in breast cancer due to limited large-scale studies. Therefore, further investigation into its prognostic significance and potential therapeutic implications is needed. Future research should focus on refining diagnostic criteria and assessing targeted therapies to mitigate PNI-associated progression. This review summarizes the current knowledge on perineural invasion (PNI) in breast cancer, addressing its histological features, molecular mechanisms, diagnostic challenges, and clinical implications.},
}

@article {pmid40561128,
year = {2025},
author = {Deng, M and March, DS and Churchwood, DR and Young, HML and Highton, PJ and Denniff, MJ and Graham-Brown, MPM and Burton, JO and Baker, LA},
title = {Exploring a role for Chemerin in the cardiovascular and musculoskeletal benefits of intradialytic exercise in the hemodialysis population.},
journal = {PloS one},
volume = {20},
number = {6},
pages = {e0321497},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0321497},
pmid = {40561128},
issn = {1932-6203},
mesh = {Humans ; *Chemokines/blood ; *Renal Dialysis ; Male ; Female ; Middle Aged ; *Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/blood ; *Cardiovascular Diseases/blood/prevention & control ; Aged ; *Exercise/physiology ; Adult ; *Exercise Therapy/methods ; Retrospective Studies ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death for people receiving hemodialysis. Intradialytic cycling (IDC) has been shown to improve cardiovascular health in the hemodialysis population, but specific mechanisms require elucidation. Chemerin is an adipokine which contributes to the inflammatory process and may be associated with the cardiovascular benefits of IDC and physical function in hemodialysis population.

METHODS: Adults undertaking ≥3 months hemodialysis were randomized to either IDC (30 min each time, moderate intensity, thrice weekly) and usual care; or usual care only (control group). 88 blood samples were retrospectively analyzed for chemerin concentrations using ELISA. Unadjusted and adjusted linear regression was used to understand how changes in chemerin are associated with changes in cardiovascular and musculoskeletal health in response to IDC.

RESULTS: There was a significant increase of plasma chemerin concentration after 6 months in both groups. A positive association was detected between chemerin and short physical performance battery at baseline (β = 0.264, p = 0.017). There was no correlation of chemerin with cardiovascular, body composition, and other physical function markers.

CONCLUSIONS: This study is the first to show plasma level of chemerin increases with time on hemodialysis. No evidence was found to support a role for chemerin in modifying cardiac structure and function in people undertaking IDC. Further studies should investigate the associations between chemerin and physical performance.},
}

Humans
*Chemokines/blood
*Renal Dialysis
Male
Female
Middle Aged
*Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/blood
*Cardiovascular Diseases/blood/prevention & control
Aged
*Exercise/physiology
Adult
*Exercise Therapy/methods
Retrospective Studies

@article {pmid40556807,
year = {2024},
author = {Bourassa-Blanchette, S and Biesheuvel, MM and Lam, JC and Kipp, A and Church, D and Carson, J and Dalton, B and Parkins, MD and Barkema, HW and Gregson, DB},
title = {Candidemia Treatment is Improved by Infectious Disease Consultation: A Population-Based Cohort Study.},
journal = {Journal of the Association of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Disease Canada = Journal officiel de l'Association pour la microbiologie medicale et l'infectiologie Canada},
volume = {9},
number = {3},
pages = {129-139},
pmid = {40556807},
issn = {2371-0888},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Candidemia is a common bloodstream infection with morbidity and mortality. Both the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases and Infectious Diseases Society of America have evidence-based recommendations for its management. While infectious diseases consultation (IDC) reduced mortality, effects on guideline concordance remain unclear.

METHODS: We conducted a multicentre retrospective cohort study (2010-2018) in Canada to characterize the role of IDC in attaining evidence-based recommendations for adults with candidemia. Such recommendations include follow-up blood cultures to document blood clearance, prompt antifungal initiation and selection, source control, treatment duration determination, and ancillary investigations. We measured associations between IDC and adherence to evidence-based recommendations.

RESULTS: Patients with candidemia who received IDC were more likely not to be left without antifungal therapy (26% versus 4.8%). Echocardiograms were more common in noncritically ill patients with IDC (64% versus 44%; P < 0.01) and in all critically ill patients, irrespective of IDC status (75% versus 63%; P = 0.08). In patients with uncomplicated candidemia, treatment duration ≥14 days was similar with or without IDC (78% versus 70%; P = 0.15). Patients with complicated candidemia and IDC were more likely treated for ≥42 days (an appropriate duration; 100% versus 47%; P = 0.06). Fluconazole (transition therapy) was not affected by IDC for critically ill (41% and 29%; P = 0.34) or noncritically ill patients (34% versus 24%; P = 0.51). Mortality rates at 30 and 60 days after candidemia diagnosis were lower in patients receiving IDC (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS: Best practice guidelines were issued for patients with candidemia; adherence varied, but involvement of an infectious disease physician increased implementation and was associated with considerably decreased mortality.},
}

@article {pmid40554446,
year = {2025},
author = {Wang, Y and Chen, Y and Zhang, B and Liu, X},
title = {Bilateral Primary Breast Cancer: A Case of Synchronous Diagnosis and Management of Ductal Carcinoma In Situ and Invasive Ductal Carcinoma.},
journal = {British journal of hospital medicine (London, England : 2005)},
volume = {86},
number = {6},
pages = {1-9},
doi = {10.12968/hmed.2024.1013},
pmid = {40554446},
issn = {1750-8460},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; Middle Aged ; *Breast Neoplasms/therapy/pathology/diagnosis ; *Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/therapy/pathology/diagnosis ; Mastectomy, Segmental ; *Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/therapy/pathology/diagnosis ; *Neoplasms, Multiple Primary/therapy/pathology/diagnosis ; Mastectomy, Modified Radical ; Neoadjuvant Therapy ; },
abstract = {Aims/Background Bilateral breast cancer (BBC) is an uncommon subtype of breast cancer which occurs either synchronously or metachronously. Synchronous BBC with distinct histological types in the left and right breasts is particularly rare. Case Presentation This report presents a case of a 57-year-old female patient diagnosed with bilateral primary breast cancer, characterized by ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) in one breast and invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) in the other. The patient initially sought medical attention due to a palpable mass and pain in her left breast, leading to a diagnosis confirmed through imaging studies and biopsy. The patient was treated with three cycles of neoadjuvant therapy, followed by a modified radical mastectomy on the left breast and a lumpectomy on the right breast. Postoperatively, the patient received endocrine therapy and radiotherapy, with no evidence of recurrence observed to date. Conclusion Further research and clinical advancements are necessary to optimize treatment and care strategies for patients with bilateral breast cancer, ensuring that their unique therapeutic needs are effectively addressed.},
}

Humans
Female
Middle Aged
*Breast Neoplasms/therapy/pathology/diagnosis
*Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/therapy/pathology/diagnosis
Mastectomy, Segmental
*Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/therapy/pathology/diagnosis
*Neoplasms, Multiple Primary/therapy/pathology/diagnosis
Mastectomy, Modified Radical
Neoadjuvant Therapy

@article {pmid40545966,
year = {2025},
author = {Iczkowski, KA and De Marzo, AM and Agarwal, N and Berman, DM and Cimadamore, A and Fine, SW and Greenland, N and Khani, F and Loda, M and Lotan, TL and Varma, M and Chinnaiyan, A and Giannarini, G and Huang, J and Montironi, R and Netto, GJ and Osunkoya, AO and Ratliff, T and Kristiansen, G and Cheng, L and van Leenders, GJLH and , },
title = {International Society of Urological Pathology Consensus on Cancer Precursor Lesions. Working Group 1: The Prostate.},
journal = {The American journal of surgical pathology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1097/PAS.0000000000002430},
pmid = {40545966},
issn = {1532-0979},
abstract = {Working Group 1 at ISUP's Cancer Precursors meeting (September 2024) evaluated 5 putative precursors of invasive prostate cancer: high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN), intraductal carcinoma (IDC), atypical intraductal proliferation (AIP), atypical adenomatous hyperplasia (AAH)/adenosis, and proliferative inflammatory atrophy (PIA). Objectives were to compile recent evidence, interrogate current practices, and vote on recommendations, with 67% approval defined as consensus. Consensus was reached against the reporting of the low-grade form of PIN. HGPIN need not be reported when concomitant cancer or atypical small acinar proliferation suspicious for cancer exists adjacent to it, for biopsy or prostatectomy specimens. Finally, while the clinical significance of unifocal HGPIN in biopsies remains uncertain, there is stronger evidence for multifocal isolated HGPIN as a predictor of subsequent cancer detection. By consensus, multifocal HGPIN should continue being reported. Slight refinement was achieved regarding IDC criteria. The consensus opinion was that a dense cribriform to solid proliferation need not demonstrate marked nuclear atypia/ pleomorphism to qualify as IDC. The inverse scenario of marked atypia without dense cribriform/solid proliferation fell just short (65%) of consensus for IDC. Redesignating cribriform HGPIN as AIP achieved consensus. AIP found alone or with grade group 1 cancer warrants an explanatory comment. However, agreement was not attained to report AIP in the presence of invasive cancer, in either needle biopsy or prostatectomy. Finally, the optional reporting of PIA or AAH/adenosis in biopsies as pertinent negatives both fell short of consensus. This guidance should help pathologists standardize reporting, staying focused on the clinically actionable aspects of these lesions.},
}

@article {pmid40544078,
year = {2025},
author = {Ao, Y and Li, X and Mu, L and Zhao, J and Chen, H and Wang, Y and Zhang, S and Yang, S and Zhang, N and Qiu, L},
title = {Time-Dependent Apparent Diffusion Coefficient Changes in Breast MR Images With Contrast for Tumor Characterization.},
journal = {Clinical breast cancer},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.clbc.2025.05.019},
pmid = {40544078},
issn = {1938-0666},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: To assess the effect of scan time after contrast injection on breast MRI DWI sequence ADC values and its role in lesion differentiation.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between 2022 and 2023, two hundred and fifty-one breast magnetic resonance (MR) images were collected from 251 patients, who had a total of 258 lesions. Pathology results obtained within 1 month of the MR imaging were utilized. Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values were measured at 3 time-points: precontrast, 3 minutes postcontrast, and 6 minutes postcontrast. For the analysis, statistical methods including the Friedman test, linear mixed models, Bonferroni correction, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, and DeLong test were applied.

RESULTS: Contrast agents cause ADC values to decrease within 3 minutes after injection and recover within 6 minutes (e.g., invasive ductal carcinoma). ADC can distinguish between benign tumors and cancers but not between carcinoma in situ and invasive carcinoma. Time-dependent changes do not affect the differentiation of benign from malignant lesions.

CONCLUSION: Contrast injection time has little effect on the effectiveness of ADC in differentiating benign from malignant lesions on DWI sequences. The findings support the feasibility of postcontrast DWI without compromising diagnostic accuracy.},
}

@article {pmid40543242,
year = {2025},
author = {Bunte, K and Ituarte, B and Warikoo, G and Morales-Ramírez, P},
title = {Regional disparities in incidence and outcomes of invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast among Asian and Pacific Islander women in the United States.},
journal = {Cancer epidemiology},
volume = {97},
number = {},
pages = {102861},
doi = {10.1016/j.canep.2025.102861},
pmid = {40543242},
issn = {1877-783X},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Asian women have experienced a disproportionate increase in breast cancer incidence over the past four decades when compared to patients of other races. We aim to determine the variation of incidence and survival rates for Asian women based on their residential status by region of the United States.

METHODS: The Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) 17-State database was used to identify cases of ductal carcinoma and its subtypes (ICD-O-3/3 codes: 8500, 8521, 8503, 8507, 8514, 8522, 8523; C50.0-50.9) among Asian and Pacific Islander (API) women during 2000-2020. Chi square tests were used for comparison of clinical and socioeconomic variables and Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Kruskal Wallis tests were used to assess differences between mean time to treatment and diagnosis. Incidence was analyzed via Joinpoint Regression Software with Kaplan-Meier survival curves for evaluation of survival by region, measured in months. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression identified independent predictors of survival. All statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS Version 29.0.2, with significance at p < 0.05.

RESULTS: The West represented the largest incidence over the 20-year study period with 89.6 per 100,000 (95 % CI: 88.9-90.2). There were notable differences in both 5-year and 10-year survival rates with the south having the largest decline, dropping from 84 % at 5 years and 54 % at 10 years. This is despite the south being found to have the shortest time to treatment, 0.97 months (95 % CI: 0.95-0.99; p = 0.009). Multivariate Cox regression showed API women in the South had a 24 % increased risk of mortality compared to those in the West (aHR 1.244, 95 % CI: 1.176-1.315; p < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study demonstrate significant disparities in incidence, treatment patterns, and survival outcomes amongst API women by residential status.},
}

@article {pmid40539820,
year = {2025},
author = {Zhang, X and Yin, Y and Ye, Z and Zhang, X and Wei, W and Hao, Y and Zeng, L and Yang, T and Li, D and Wang, J and Zhao, D and Chen, Y and Lei, S and Jiang, Y and Zhang, Y and Xu, S and Nanding, A and Gong, Y and Li, S and Yu, Y and Zhao, S and Liu, S and Zhao, Y and Chen, Z and Yu, S and Fan, JB and Pang, D},
title = {An Approach for Differential Diagnosis of Breast Tumors by ctDNA Methylation Sequencing.},
journal = {Cancer medicine},
volume = {14},
number = {12},
pages = {e71004},
pmid = {40539820},
issn = {2045-7634},
support = {2019B121205010//Science and Technology Program of Guangdong Province/ ; GA20C016//Heilongjiang Province Applied Technology Research and Development/ ; 201909010010//Scheme of Guangzhou for Leading Team in Innovation/ ; 82073410//China National Science Foundation/ ; 82272623//China National Science Foundation/ ; 82173235//China National Science Foundation/ ; 202201010943//Guangzhou Basic and Applied Basic Research Project/ ; 2016007//Scheme of Guangzhou for Leading Talents in Innovation and Entrepreneurship/ ; 2023ZX06C10//Key Special Projects of Heilongjiang Province Key Research and Development Program/ ; Nn10//Nn10 Program of Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital/ ; JJZD2020-08//Haiyan Foundation of Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital/ ; 2020GH15//2020 Guangzhou Development Zone International Science and Technology Cooperation Project/ ; 2017-L152//Scheme of Guangzhou Economic and Technological Development District for Leading Talents in Innovation and Entrepreneurship/ ; JD22C004//Key R&D Plan Projects of Heilongjiang Province, Da Pang/ ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Breast ultrasonography and mammography remain predominant in breast tumor evaluations, yet they often result in false positives, particularly for tumors classified as BI-RADS 4a or those no more than 10 mm, which are not ideal for core needle biopsy (CNB). Early-stage breast cancer detection via circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) methylation holds potential to bridge these diagnostic gaps.

METHODS: We curated a breast cancer-specific panel by harnessing methylation profiles from in-house and public databases. Leveraging breast tissue-plasma-leukocyte samples, we identified breast cancer-specific markers, culminating in a 103-marker methylation model which underwent rigorous validation in two independent cohorts. To assess its performance, we compared it against the accuracy of ultrasonography, mammography, and CNB.

RESULTS: The 103-marker model exhibited remarkable proficiency in discerning benign from malignant breast tumors in plasma, with AUCs of 0.838, 0.838 and 0.823 in the validation set and two independent test sets, respectively. In BI-RADS 4a breast cancer, when compared to ultrasonography or mammography, the model augmented breast cancer diagnostic accuracy by 40.58% and 25.49%, separately. Retrospective analyses suggested that our model achieved a sensitivity of 66.67% (4/6) and a specificity of 80.36% (45/56) for surgical patients in the BI-RADS 4a category with tumors ≤ 10 mm, who did not undergo CNB, potentially sparing 45 benign patients from overtreatment. Notably, significant differences emerged in cancer scores between DCIS and invasive ductal carcinoma (p < 0.05). Higher cancer scores correlated with a more unfavorable prognosis (p < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS: The 103-marker methylation model demonstrates impressive performance in distinguishing between malignant and benign tumors, facilitating precise early diagnosis of BC, and holds promise as a prognostic tool.},
}

@article {pmid40538452,
year = {2025},
author = {Whitney, HM and Drukker, K and Edwards, A and Giger, ML},
title = {Sureness of classification of breast cancers as pure ductal carcinoma in situ or with invasive components on dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging: application of likelihood assurance metrics for computer-aided diagnosis.},
journal = {Journal of medical imaging (Bellingham, Wash.)},
volume = {12},
number = {Suppl 2},
pages = {S22012},
pmid = {40538452},
issn = {2329-4302},
abstract = {PURPOSE: Breast cancer may persist within milk ducts (ductal carcinoma in situ, DCIS) or advance into surrounding breast tissue (invasive ductal carcinoma, IDC). Occasionally, invasiveness in cancer may be underestimated during biopsy, leading to adjustments in the treatment plan based on unexpected surgical findings. Artificial intelligence/computer-aided diagnosis (AI/CADx) techniques in medical imaging may have the potential to predict whether a lesion is purely DCIS or exhibits a mixture of IDC and DCIS components, serving as a valuable supplement to biopsy findings. To enhance the evaluation of AI/CADx performance, assessing variability on a lesion-by-lesion basis via likelihood assurance measures could add value.

APPROACH: We evaluated the performance in the task of distinguishing between pure DCIS and mixed IDC/DCIS breast cancers using computer-extracted radiomic features from dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging using 0.632+ bootstrapping methods (2000 folds) on 550 lesions (135 pure DCIS, 415 mixed IDC/DCIS). Lesion-based likelihood assurance was measured using a sureness metric based on the 95% confidence interval of the classifier output for each lesion.

RESULTS: The median and 95% CI of the 0.632+-corrected area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for the task of classifying lesions as pure DCIS or mixed IDC/DCIS were 0.81 [0.75, 0.86]. The sureness metric varied across the dataset with a range of 0.0002 (low sureness) to 0.96 (high sureness), with combinations of high and low classifier output and high and low sureness for some lesions.

CONCLUSIONS: Sureness metrics can provide additional insights into the ability of CADx algorithms to pre-operatively predict whether a lesion is invasive.},
}

@article {pmid40536116,
year = {2025},
author = {Nechyporenko, Y and Golan, O and Menes, TS and Freitas, VAR and Kessner, R and Neeman, R and Mauda-Havakuk, M and Broitman, S and Stav, D and Lazar, S and Mercer, D and Amitai, Y},
title = {T2 Hyperintense Lesions on Breast MRI - Is the Assumption of Benignity Justified?.},
journal = {Canadian Association of Radiologists journal = Journal l'Association canadienne des radiologistes},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {8465371251346137},
doi = {10.1177/08465371251346137},
pmid = {40536116},
issn = {1488-2361},
abstract = {Introduction: This study aims to evaluate the outcomes of breast MRI-guided vacuum assisted biopsies (MVAB) performed on lesions with high T2 signal. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively collected of all MVAB performed at our institution between January 2016 and December 2021 for high T2 lesions. T2 hyperintensity was defined as equal or higher signal than normal lymph node. The correlation between various demographic and imaging characteristics and the binary pathological outcome (benign vs malignant) was evaluated. Results: In total, 174 biopsies from 165 women met the inclusion criteria and were included in the cohort. Malignancy was detected in 35 lesions (20%), most commonly ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS, 57%), followed by infiltrating ductal carcinoma (IDC, 40%). The most common benign diagnosis was fibrocystic changes (FCC, 38%). In 19 lesions MVAB detected high-risk pathology, 3 of which were upgraded to malignancy. Older age (Mean 61 vs 54 years, P = .04), washout kinetics (29% vs 13%, P = .01), and indication for extent of disease evaluation (53% vs 32%, P = .06) were the strongest predictors of malignancy. Lesion size and morphology were not significantly associated with outcome. Conclusions: Given the considerable cancer rate, T2 hyperintensity should be used with caution as a benign indicator and not as a sole criterion for ruling out malignancy. Additional factors such as patient age, kinetic features, and MRI indication should be considered to improve diagnostic accuracy.},
}

@article {pmid40535424,
year = {2025},
author = {Carvalhais França, D and da Silva, AL and Chami, AM and Braga, LDC},
title = {Epidemiological profile of breast cancer in a reference center in the north region of Brazil.},
journal = {Revista brasileira de ginecologia e obstetricia : revista da Federacao Brasileira das Sociedades de Ginecologia e Obstetricia},
volume = {47},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {40535424},
issn = {1806-9339},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; Brazil/epidemiology ; Retrospective Studies ; *Breast Neoplasms/epidemiology/pathology ; Middle Aged ; Adult ; Aged ; Cohort Studies ; *Carcinoma, Lobular/epidemiology/pathology ; },
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To describe the epidemiological data of women with breast cancer at a referral center in oncology in the northern region of Brazil.

METHODS: This is a retrospective cohort study. The study population consists of patients who were diagnosed with in situ or invasive BC (invasive carcinoma of no special type (ICNST) and invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC)) at the Hospital de Amor da Amazônia, in Porto Velho - Rondônia, between January 2012 and December 2021. The sampling plan adopted was of the convenience type. All patients who received the anatomopathological diagnosis of in situ or invasive BC at the Hospital de Amor da Amazônia from 2012 to 2021 and came from the North region were included. Exclusion criteria were non-origin from the North region and absence of diagnosis established by anatomopathological examination of breast cancer. Analysis of the database and medical records of the Hospital de Amor da Amazônia was carried out to collect information.

RESULTS: 420 patients were included, 99.5% female, with complete elementary school (32,6%) and brown skin (68,1%). The mean age at diagnosis was 49 years. Forty-five percent were born in the northern region and 55% in other regions of Brazil. Eighty percent of tumors were invasive ductal carcinoma; 32.7% were luminal A-like, 25.1% luminal B-like, 19.4% HER2 enriched and 12.8% triple negative. When patients were subdivided by age ≤40 years and > 40 years, there was a statistically significant difference in the association with staging (p=0.000), histological type (p= 0.035), immunohistochemistry subtype (p=0.000), neoadjuvant chemotherapy (p=.000) and genetic counseling (p=0.001). The median survival was 7.99 years. The 5-year overall survival was 81%. The higher the stage, the lower the survival rate. Twenty-four distinct variants were described in patients undergoing genetic testing, 16 of uncertain significance and 8 pathogenic. Three new variants were described: ATM (c.8726G>C), BRCA2 (c.2232A>C) and ERCC5 (c.2164G>Ap).

CONCLUSION: In this study, the age at diagnosis of breast cancer was lower, the tumor subtype was more aggressive, and patients were admitted in more advanced stages. Overall survival is lower compared to national and international data. Despite the small number of patients referred to genetic testing, it is important to search for germline mutations to improve patients' diagnosis and treatment.},
}

Humans
Female
Brazil/epidemiology
Retrospective Studies
*Breast Neoplasms/epidemiology/pathology
Middle Aged
Adult
Aged
Cohort Studies
*Carcinoma, Lobular/epidemiology/pathology

@article {pmid40530022,
year = {2025},
author = {Paripooranan, N and Nirasha, WB and Perera, HRP and Vijithananda, SM and Hewavithana, PB and Sherminie, LPG and Jayatilake, ML},
title = {Machine learning-based classification model to differentiate subtypes of invasive breast cancer using MRI.},
journal = {Frontiers in oncology},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1588787},
pmid = {40530022},
issn = {2234-943X},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Breast cancer is considered one of the most lethal diseases among women worldwide. Invasive Ductal Carcinoma (IDC) and Invasive Lobular Carcinoma (ILC) are the two most prominent subtypes of breast cancer. They differ in epidemiology, molecular alterations, and clinicopathological features. Patient treatment and management also differ due to these variations.

AIM: The study aimed to develop a predictive model to differentiate IDC and ILC using machine learning techniques based on the morphological features of the contralateral breast. Methods- 143 magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images were sourced from the "DUKE Breast-Cancer" collection on the Cancer Imaging Archive website. Regions of interest were drawn on each slice to compute the morphological features of the contralateral breast using the 3D Slicer application. Supervised learning methods were applied to the morphological features to build a predictive model incorporating a Random Forest Classifier to differentiate IDC and ILC. Hyperparameters were tuned to optimize the model.

RESULTS: The model was able to differentiate IDC and ILC with an accuracy of 79% and an Area Under the Curve of 0.851 on the Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve. Among the morphological features, the total volume of the contralateral breast, surface area of the contralateral breast, breast density, and the ratio of the total volume of the contralateral breast to its surface area had higher F-scores, indicating that the dimensions of the contralateral breast could be an important factor in differentiating IDC and ILC.

CONCLUSION: This study successfully developed and optimized a predictive model based on breast morphological features to differentiate IDC and ILC using machine learning methods.},
}

@article {pmid40523446,
year = {2025},
author = {Lin, R and Li, H and Baraban, E and Lotan, T and DeMarzo, A and Argani, P and Baras, A and Matoso, A},
title = {Atypical Intraductal Proliferation (AIP) of the Prostate: Findings in Repeat Biopsy or Radical Prostatectomy in Patients who Met Pathologic Criteria for Active Surveillance.},
journal = {Human pathology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {105854},
doi = {10.1016/j.humpath.2025.105854},
pmid = {40523446},
issn = {1532-8392},
abstract = {The clinical significance of 'atypical intraductal proliferation' (AIP) is uncertain when found in prostate needle biopsy without intraductal carcinoma (IDC-P) or intermediate/high-grade prostate carcinoma (PCa). A retrospective review identified 168 patients diagnosed with AIP. Twenty-five (15%) were AIP alone, the rest with PCa. Follow-up biopsy or RP within 12 months was collected on patients with AIP-only, AIP and grade-group (GG)1, and AIP and GG2 PCa [<20% Gleason pattern 4 (GP4) without cribriform glands] who met pathologic criteria for active surveillance (AS). From 110 patients who met pathologic AS criteria, 66 did not have follow-up tissue. The findings among 28 patients with repeat biopsy were as follows: 14 (50%) were reclassified as a higher GG, including 3/6 (50%) from AIP-only [1 to GG1 and 2 to GG2 (60% and 20% GP4)], 8/16 from AIP/GG1 [50%, all to GG2 (1 with 30%, all others with <20% GP4)], 3/6 (50%) from AIP/GG2 (<20% GP4) [1 to GG3, and 2 to AIP/GG2 but with ≥20% GP4]. Five (18%) patients no longer met pathologic criteria for AS. Among patients with RP, 4 (33%) showed IDC-P. Quantitative and morphologic evaluation showed that higher number of cores, foci, and lumina in AIP with cribriform glands were more frequent in patients who were reclassified into higher grade-groups. In conclusion, AIP should be considered a potential marker for aggressive disease, warranting further evaluation. Although similar to IDC-P, it should remain a separate entity, as repeat biopsy does not show higher-than-expected AS exit rate.},
}

@article {pmid40521724,
year = {2025},
author = {Sill, S and Zivehe, F and Heitmann, C and Bahn, D and Busch, J and Eigenfeldt, L and Fleming, T and Szendrödi, J and Granata, C and Ziegler, D and Bönhof, G and Roden, M and Al-Hasani, H and Strom, A and Chadt, A},
title = {Magnesium and thiamine supplementation increases renal mitochondrial respiration in lean C57BL/6J but not in obese ob/ob mice.},
journal = {Diabetes, obesity & metabolism},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/dom.16507},
pmid = {40521724},
issn = {1463-1326},
support = {CH 1659/2-1//Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft/ ; DFG-RTG 2576 vivid//Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft/ ; STR 1032/3-1//Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft/ ; //German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF)/ ; //German Federal Ministry of Health (BMG)/ ; //German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD)/ ; //The Ministry of Innovation, Science, Research and Technology of the state North Rhine-Westphalia/ ; //Deutsche Diabetes Gesellschaft/ ; },
}

@article {pmid40519297,
year = {2025},
author = {Li, J and Jiang, F and Wang, C and Sun, P and Song, L and Liu, J},
title = {PLCH1 overexpression promotes breast cancer progression and predicts poor prognosis through the ERK1/2-EGR1 axis.},
journal = {Frontiers in oncology},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1577114},
pmid = {40519297},
issn = {2234-943X},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Phospholipase C η1 (PLCH1), a member of the phospholipase C superfamily, has been implicated in the development of multiple cancers. However, its specific role in breast cancer progression, its association with clinicopathological features, and its prognostic significance remain unclear.

METHODS: PLCH1 expression was analyzed across multiple tumor types using the TNMplot database, which integrates RNA-seq, microarray, and normalized data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx), and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), encompassing 40,442 tumor and 15,648 normal samples. Differential expression analysis was performed using boxplots and statistical tests to assess significance. DNA methylation and survival analyses were conducted using TCGA data, with Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox regression to evaluate prognostic value. Functional enrichment analyses, including Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment, were performed on differentially expressed genes using the clusterProfiler package. Mutation analyses were conducted using mutation annotation format (MAF) files, and pathway activities were correlated with PLCH1 expression via single-sample GSEA (ssGSEA). Experimental validation included immunohistochemistry (IHC) on 100 breast invasive ductal carcinoma samples, real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR), and Western blotting. PLCH1 knockdown functional studies assessed cell proliferation and signaling pathways.

RESULTS: PLCH1 was significantly overexpressed in various cancers, including breast cancer, compared to normal tissues. PLCH1 expression was strongly correlated with the expression of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) in breast cancer tissues, further linking PLCH1 to poor prognosis and adverse patient outcomes. Functional studies revealed that PLCH1 was highly expressed in breast cancer cell lines, and PLCH1 knockdown significantly inhibited cell proliferation, induced cell cycle arrest, and reduced cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) expression in BT-474 cells. Mechanistically, PLCH1 silencing downregulated early growth response 1 (EGR1) expression by suppressing the extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) signaling pathway, impairing tumor cell proliferation.

CONCLUSIONS: PLCH1 was overexpressed in breast cancer and was associated with worse patient outcomes. Its role in promoting cell proliferation via the ERK1/2-EGR1 axis highlighted PLCH1 as a potential therapeutic target for breast cancer. These findings offer new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying breast cancer progression and suggest promising avenues for targeted therapy development.},
}

@article {pmid40516663,
year = {2025},
author = {Göransson, S and Olofsson, H and Johansson, HJ and Yan, F and Vogiatzakis, C and Liang, S and Bellato, HM and Masvidal, L and Aksoylu, I and Hartman, J and Hajj, GNM and Larsson, O and Lehtiö, J and Strömblad, S},
title = {Mechanical control of breast cancer malignancy by promotion of mevalonate pathway enzyme synthesis.},
journal = {Matrix biology : journal of the International Society for Matrix Biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.matbio.2025.05.005},
pmid = {40516663},
issn = {1569-1802},
abstract = {In breast cancer, mechanotransduction from stiffened extracellular matrix (ECM) drives proliferation and invasion. Here, we use a model of matrix stiffening mimicking progression of breast ductal carcinoma in situ to invasive ductal carcinoma. Quantitative mass spectrometry identified enrichment of ECM-stiffness upregulated mevalonate pathway enzymes, indicating sterol/isoprenoid metabolism reprogramming. Consistently, the first committed mevalonate pathway enzyme, Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Synthase (HMGCS1), was upregulated in human breast cancer specimens and spatially correlated with cross-linked ECM. ECM-stiffness promoted HMGCS1 protein synthesis without corresponding mRNA level alterations, indicating post-transcriptional regulation of mevalonate biosynthesis via microenvironmental mechanical cues to impose rapid metabolic alterations. Moreover, HMGCS1-RNAi blocked the stiffness-driven breast cancer proliferative and invasive phenotype. Mechanistically, mechanotransduction signaling, through integrin and Rac1 to promote HMGCS1 protein expression, drives the breast cancer malignant phenotype. Intriguingly, the Rac1-P29S cancer mutant promoted a malignant phenotype without stiff ECM in a mevalonate-dependent manner. In summary, we define a mechano-responsive pathway controlling mevalonate pathway enzyme synthesis that drives breast cancer malignant behaviors.},
}

@article {pmid40516578,
year = {2025},
author = {Lin, R and Li, H and Baraban, E and Lotan, T and DeMarzo, A and Argani, P and Baras, A and Matoso, A},
title = {Atypical intraductal proliferation (AIP) of the prostate: Findings in repeat biopsy or radical prostatectomy in patients who met pathologic criteria for active surveillance.},
journal = {Human pathology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {105841},
doi = {10.1016/j.humpath.2025.105841},
pmid = {40516578},
issn = {1532-8392},
abstract = {The clinical significance of 'atypical intraductal proliferation' (AIP) is uncertain when found in prostate needle biopsy without intraductal carcinoma (IDC-P) or intermediate/high-grade prostate carcinoma (PCa). A retrospective review identified 168 patients diagnosed with AIP. Twenty-five (15 %) were AIP alone, the rest with PCa. Follow-up biopsy or RP within 12 months was collected on patients with AIP-only, AIP and grade-group (GG)1, and AIP and GG2 PCa [<20 % Gleason pattern 4 (GP4) without cribriform glands] who met pathologic criteria for active surveillance (AS). From 110 patients who met pathologic AS criteria, 66 did not have follow-up tissue. The findings among 28 patients with repeat biopsy were as follows: 14 (50 %) were reclassified as a higher GG, including 3/6 (50 %) from AIP-only [1 to GG1 and 2 to GG2 (60 % and 20 % GP4)], 8/16 from AIP/GG1 [50 %, all to GG2 (1 with 30 %, all others with <20 % GP4)], 3/6 (50 %) from AIP/GG2 (<20 % GP4) [1 to GG3, and 2 to AIP/GG2 but with ≥20 % GP4]. Five (18 %) patients no longer met pathologic criteria for AS. Among patients with RP, 4 (33 %) showed IDC-P. Quantitative and morphologic evaluation showed that higher number of cores, foci, and lumina in AIP with cribriform glands were more frequent in patients who were reclassified into higher grade-groups. In conclusion, AIP should be considered a potential marker for aggressive disease, warranting further evaluation. Although similar to IDC-P, it should remain a separate entity, as repeat biopsy does not show higher-than-expected AS exit rate.},
}

@article {pmid40513789,
year = {2025},
author = {Kavazis, C and Ekmektzoglou, A and Kokolakis, A and Liappis, T and Douganiotis, G and Natsiopoulos, I},
title = {The role of PIK3CA mutation in lobular breast cancer in the era of precision oncology - a systematic review.},
journal = {Critical reviews in oncology/hematology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {104805},
doi = {10.1016/j.critrevonc.2025.104805},
pmid = {40513789},
issn = {1879-0461},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Ιnvasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) is a distinct subtype of breast cancer with unique clinical and molecular features. Although ILC generally responds to endocrine therapy, it tends to exhibit lower chemotherapy sensitivity, underscoring the need for tailored therapeutic approaches. PIK3CA mutations are frequently observed in ILC. This systematic review evaluates the prevalence of PIK3CA mutations in ILC and examines their prognostic and predictive significance.

METHODS: We searched PubMed and Scopus for studies reporting PIK3CA mutations in lobular breast cancer. Inclusion criteria encompassed studies on stage I-III ILC examining mutation frequency, prognosis, or predictive value. Data on mutation prevalence in ILC (and comparisons to invasive ductal carcinoma, IDC) and associated outcomes were extracted. Meta-analyses were performed with assessment of heterogeneity and publication bias.

RESULTS: Ten relevant studies (nine cohorts) were included. The prevalence of PIK3CA mutations in ILC ranged from ~30% to ~50%. Statistic analysis showed that nearly half of ILCs harbor PIK3CA mutations. Mutation rates in ILC were generally higher than in IDC. No significant association between PIK3CA mutation status and patient prognosis was observed in the available studies. There were limited data ontreatment response.

CONCLUSIONS: PIK3CA is a commonly mutated gene in ILC, but current evidence does not demonstrate a clear impact on prognosis or definite predictive value for therapy response in this subtype. Nonetheless, the high mutation frequency provides a rationale for targeted therapeutic approaches. PIK3CA testing may be considered in advanced ILC to identify candidates for PI3K inhibitor therapy, although further research is needed.},
}

@article {pmid40507963,
year = {2025},
author = {Zeiringer, S and Derler, M and Mussbacher, M and Kolesnik, T and Fröhlich, E and Leitinger, G and Kolb, D and Tutz, S and Vargas, C and Keller, S and Roblegg, E},
title = {Immune Modulation with Nanodiscs: Surface Charge Dictates Cellular Interactions and Activation of Macrophages and Dendritic-like Cells.},
journal = {International journal of molecular sciences},
volume = {26},
number = {11},
pages = {},
pmid = {40507963},
issn = {1422-0067},
mesh = {Humans ; *Dendritic Cells/immunology/drug effects/metabolism/cytology ; *Macrophages/immunology/drug effects/metabolism/cytology ; *Cell Communication/drug effects/immunology ; *Nanostructures/chemistry ; Cytokines/metabolism ; Lipid Bilayers/chemistry ; Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism ; Cell Survival/drug effects ; },
abstract = {The immunological barrier is among the most significant barriers in vivo. Macrophages and dendritic cells play a crucial role in immune responses, involving phagocytosis, antigen presentation, and triggering adaptive responses. Nanoscale drug-delivery vehicles, such as polymer-encapsulated lipid-bilayer nanodiscs, are of particular interest in the development of new therapeutic approaches, but require well-characterized human in vitro cell models. To this end, the present study differentiated human monocytes into two distinct states, resting macrophages and immature dendritic-like cells (iDCs). These cells served as model systems to assess the efficacy of lipid-bilayer nanodiscs encapsulated by anionic glyco-DIBMA (diisobutylene-maleic acid) or electroneutral sulfo-DIBMA polymers. Nanodisc-cell interaction studies-including cell viability, reactive oxygen species production, cytokine release, particle uptake, and activation marker expression-demonstrated that immune responses depend sensitively on the cell type and polymer and thus on the surface charge of the nanodiscs. Sulfo-DIBMA nanodiscs induced minimal immune cell activation, accompanied by cytokine release and reduced uptake of the nanodiscs by immune cells. In contrast, glyco-DIBMA nanodiscs exhibited increased interactions with cells, elicited pro-inflammatory immune responses, and promoted iDC maturation. This involved co-stimulatory and antigen-presenting molecules, potentially leading to T-cell activation. These findings underscore the potential of glyco-DIBMA nanodiscs to modulate immune responses through receptor-specific interactions, paving the way for immunotherapeutic strategies.},
}

Humans
*Dendritic Cells/immunology/drug effects/metabolism/cytology
*Macrophages/immunology/drug effects/metabolism/cytology
*Cell Communication/drug effects/immunology
*Nanostructures/chemistry
Cytokines/metabolism
Lipid Bilayers/chemistry
Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism
Cell Survival/drug effects

@article {pmid40503404,
year = {2025},
author = {Luo, M and Liu, RN and He, ZM and Liang, QF and Huang, FL},
title = {Diagnosis and treatment of metachronous multiple primary carcinoma: A case report and review of literature.},
journal = {World journal of clinical oncology},
volume = {16},
number = {5},
pages = {105444},
pmid = {40503404},
issn = {2218-4333},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Multiple primary carcinoma (MPC) refers to two or more types of primary malignant tumors occurring simultaneously or sequentially in the same patient. Breast cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors affecting women. On the other hand, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most frequent form of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). In clinical practice, the simultaneous existence of metachronous primary breast cancer and lymphoma is rare. In this case, we highlight the significance of multidisciplinary management and advanced imaging techniques in the early identification and treatment of MPC cases.

CASE SUMMARY: In this study, we report a case of a 40-year-old female who was diagnosed with invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast (T3N1M0 stage IIIA LuminalB type) as the first primary cancer and DLBCL (stage IIIA) as the second primary cancer. The patient underwent the modified radical mastectomy for left breast cancer and received Rituximab, cyclophospha-mide, hydroxydaunorubicin, Oncovin (vincristine) and prednisolone regimen chemotherapy treatment for DLBCL. As of now, the patient is in stable condition. The successful diagnosis of the present patient highlights the need for multidisciplinary management and adoption of advanced imaging techniques to identify the second primary cancer, especially NHL.

CONCLUSION: Accurate diagnosis and management of metachronous MPC requires an interdisciplinary team and selection of an appropriate treatment plan.},
}

@article {pmid40496029,
year = {2025},
author = {Imran, M and Majeed, MA and Sameen-Bin-Naeem, and Yasmeen, T and Siddiqui, N},
title = {Beyond the Tumor: Invasive Fungal Infection Unveiled in HER2-Positive Breast Cancer Patient Mimicking Disease Relapse.},
journal = {Journal of cancer & allied specialties},
volume = {11},
number = {1},
pages = {8-11},
pmid = {40496029},
issn = {2411-989X},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Breast cancer is a major global health concern among all malignancies, with HER2-positive breast cancer representing a particularly aggressive subtype. It affects approximately 20% of patients and is associated with a high risk of relapse. The management of HER2-positive breast cancer has been significantly improved by targeted therapies, though challenges remain, especially in resource-limited settings. Invasive fungal infections are also common and can manifest as metastatic lesions in immunocompromised cancer patients undergoing intensive treatments making the diagnosis challenging for the oncologists.

CASE DESCRIPTION: We report a case of a 39-year-old premenopausal female with relapsed HER2-positive breast cancer complicated by an invasive fungal infection. The patient initially presented with a 5 × 5 cm right breast lump, which was diagnosed as invasive ductal carcinoma, HER2-positive estrogen and progesterone receptor negative. Despite receiving chemotherapy with doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, paclitaxel in the neoadjuvant setting and breast conservation surgery, the patient experienced disease recurrence. She was then treated with modified radical mastectomy followed by adjuvant chemotherapy TCH (trastuzumab, carboplatin, and docetaxel) six cycles. After three cycles, she developed high-grade fevers, renal impairment, and altered mental status. Imaging initially suggested ongoing infective vs metastatic process in bilateral renal and CNS parenchyma, so biopsy was performed from brain that revealed Aspergillus flavus infection. Treatment was adjusted to include antifungal therapy with voriconazole, and the patient's condition improved.

PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: This case underscores the critical need for biopsy of new or evolving lesions in cancer patients, particularly when imaging is not convincing enough for a relapse. Accurate diagnosis is essential to differentiate between disease progression and complications such as opportunistic infections. The occurrence of a fungal brain abscess in this patient highlights the importance of considering such invasive opportunistic infections in immunocompromised individuals, especially those undergoing intensive chemotherapy. Furthermore, the challenges faced due to the unavailability of targeted therapies in resource-limited settings emphasize the need for better access to advanced treatments and comprehensive management strategies. This case also calls for heightened vigilance and prompt diagnostic evaluation to address both cancer progression and potential opportunistic infections effectively.},
}

@article {pmid40492227,
year = {2025},
author = {Kivuyo, NE and Kitua, DW and Chikelea, ME and Misidai, MA and Mwanga, AH and Nyongole, OV and Akoko, LO},
title = {Treatment outcomes and the associated factors among breast cancer patients in Tanzania: a retrospective cohort study.},
journal = {Ecancermedicalscience},
volume = {19},
number = {},
pages = {1874},
pmid = {40492227},
issn = {1754-6605},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Breast cancer (BC) is the second most prevalent cancer among women in sub-Saharan Africa. Despite dedicated efforts to enhance BC care in the region through improving diagnostic and treatment services, little is known about the treatment outcomes of BC patients and the predictors of outcomes in our local settings have not been enumerated. This study aimed to investigate the treatment outcomes and the associated factors among BC patients in Tanzania.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a retrospective cohort study at Muhimbili National Hospital and Ocean Road Cancer Institute in 2022. It involved female patients 18 years and above who were confirmed to have BC by histology. A sample size of 240 was determined to be adequate to detect a survival difference between the stages. Using Research Electronic Data Capture, clinical characteristics were collected from patients' treatment records and survival status was ascertained both by case notes or phone calls to patients or next of kin. Data were transferred into Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 27 for subsequent analysis where continuous variables were summarised as proportions. We used chi-square and Fisher's exact tests to determine the association between various patients' characteristics and treatment outcomes. Kaplan-Meyer analysis was used to determine survival and a p-value less than 0.05 is considered statistically significant.

RESULTS: In total, 298 BC patients were studied with a mean age of 53.2 ± 13.6 (27-89). Invasive ductal carcinoma, parity and late stage at presentation were predominant features in these patients. A triple negative subtype was identified in 35.2% of the women. Only 27.9% and 33.6% of the patients received neoadjuvant and adjuvant chemotherapy respectively, while 8.1% of the patients were palliated. The overall 5 years survival was 29.7%, while being significantly poor in patients with advanced stages of the disease. Luminal subtypes, parity, menopausal status and age had some influence on BC survival among our patients but not in a significant manner.

CONCLUSION: Mastectomy is predominantly offered to BC patients in Tanzania with no standardisation of use of chemo/radiation both in neo/adjuvant settings. Some important prognostic factors were missing including a lack of standardised work up of patients. With the predominance of advanced stage at presentation, BC carries unacceptable high mortality in Tanzania. Efforts to detect BC early, understand patients' perception of their disease and standardisation of care are needed to successfully implement treatment guidelines.},
}

@article {pmid40484435,
year = {2025},
author = {Iurillo, AM and Abraham, O and McQuillan, J and Newton, E},
title = {Treatment of breast cancer in a patient with sickle cell disease.},
journal = {BMJ case reports},
volume = {18},
number = {6},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1136/bcr-2024-263661},
pmid = {40484435},
issn = {1757-790X},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; *Breast Neoplasms/therapy/complications/pathology ; *Anemia, Sickle Cell/complications/therapy ; *Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/therapy/complications/pathology ; Adult ; Trastuzumab/therapeutic use ; Neoadjuvant Therapy/methods ; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant ; Mastectomy, Modified Radical ; Aromatase Inhibitors/therapeutic use ; },
abstract = {We present a woman in her 30s with sickle cell disease (SCD) treated with monthly exchange transfusions who had suffered cerebrovascular complications, presented with a 4-cm left breast mass and was ultimately diagnosed with Estrogen receptor-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 positive (ER+HER2/Neu+) invasive ductal carcinoma with axillary metastasis. She was treated with neoadjuvant trastuzumab-based chemotherapy, followed by a left-modified radical mastectomy and had residual invasive disease. She received postmastectomy radiation followed by adjuvant trastuzumab emtansine. Given the ER positivity, she also began adjuvant ovarian suppression (OS) and an aromatase inhibitor (AI). Throughout treatment, her SCD remained well-controlled, highlighting the potential for effective and tolerable cancer therapy in patients with SCD and the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration. This case underscores the importance of tailored oncological management and the need for further research on chemotherapy safety in this population.},
}

Humans
Female
*Breast Neoplasms/therapy/complications/pathology
*Anemia, Sickle Cell/complications/therapy
*Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/therapy/complications/pathology
Adult
Trastuzumab/therapeutic use
Neoadjuvant Therapy/methods
Chemotherapy, Adjuvant
Mastectomy, Modified Radical
Aromatase Inhibitors/therapeutic use

@article {pmid40482189,
year = {2025},
author = {Gunes, A and Colapkulu-Akgul, N and Akgul, C and Unlu, I and Cinar, S},
title = {Axillary staging with 18F-FDG PET/CT in early breast cancer: impact of tumor subtypes.},
journal = {Annals of Saudi medicine},
volume = {45},
number = {3},
pages = {145-153},
doi = {10.5144/0256-4947.2025.145},
pmid = {40482189},
issn = {0975-4466},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; *Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography/methods ; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 ; Retrospective Studies ; Middle Aged ; *Breast Neoplasms/pathology/diagnostic imaging ; Axilla ; Adult ; Lymphatic Metastasis/diagnostic imaging ; Neoplasm Staging ; Aged ; Radiopharmaceuticals ; Receptor, ErbB-2/metabolism ; Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy ; Reproducibility of Results ; *Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology/diagnostic imaging ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers in women globally. Axillary lymph node metastasis remains one of the most independent prognostic factors in breast cancer.

OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of 18F-FDG-PET/CT in detecting axillary lymph node metastasis based on immunohistochemical subtypes and its correlation with sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) results.

DESIGN: A retrospective cohort.

SETTING: Tertiary oncology center in Turkiye.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients diagnosed with early-stage invasive ductal breast cancer and who underwent preoperative F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission computed tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT) evaluation were included in the study. Patients were divided into five immunohistochemical subtypes: Luminal A, Luminal B HER2 (-) (human epidermal growth factor receptor 2), Luminal B HER2 (+), HER2 (+), and triple negative. SLNB and SUVmax (Maximum Standard Unit Value) results were compared.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Diagnostic accuracy of 18F-FDG PET/CT for detecting axillary metastasis was the primary outcome. Interrater reliability testing in determining the agreement between 18F-FDG PET/CT and SLNB was the secondary outcome.

SAMPLE SIZE: 248.

RESULTS: The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and accuracy of 18F-FDG-PET/CT for detecting axillary metastasis were 62%, 92%, 88%, 71% and 77%, respectively. Cohen's Kappa coefficient (0.54) showed moderate agreement with SLNB (P<.001). Tumors with positive HER2 gene amplification [HER2 (+) and Luminal B HER2 (+) have higher sensitivity than other subtypes (Luminal A, Luminal B HER2 (-) and triple negative). HER2 gene amplification also increases the agreement between 18F-FDG-PET/CT and SLNB results.

CONCLUSION: 18F-FDG-PET/CT has a high specificity but low sensitivity for ipsilateral axillary metastasis in invasive ductal carcinoma. The presence of HER2 gene amplification can increase sensitivity and concordance with SLNB.

LIMITATIONS: Retrospective design and limited number of patients for each subtype.},
}

Humans
Female
*Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography/methods
Fluorodeoxyglucose F18
Retrospective Studies
Middle Aged
*Breast Neoplasms/pathology/diagnostic imaging
Axilla
Adult
Lymphatic Metastasis/diagnostic imaging
Neoplasm Staging
Aged
Radiopharmaceuticals
Receptor, ErbB-2/metabolism
Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy
Reproducibility of Results
*Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology/diagnostic imaging
Sensitivity and Specificity

@article {pmid40478792,
year = {2025},
author = {Li, H and Luo, M and Luo, W and Li, H and Cong, S},
title = {Integrated decision-control for social robot autonomous navigation considering nonlinear dynamics model.},
journal = {PloS one},
volume = {20},
number = {6},
pages = {e0324341},
pmid = {40478792},
issn = {1932-6203},
mesh = {*Robotics/methods ; *Nonlinear Dynamics ; Humans ; Algorithms ; Reward ; Decision Making ; Reinforcement, Psychology ; Walking ; },
abstract = {Reinforcement learning (RL) has demonstrated significant potential in social robot autonomous navigation, yet existing research lacks in-depth discussion on the feasibility of navigation strategies. Therefore, this paper proposes an Integrated Decision-Control Framework for Social Robot Autonomous Navigation (IDC-SRAN), which accounts for the nonlinearity of social robot model and ensures the feasibility of decision-control strategy. Initially, inverse reinforcement learning (IRL) is employed to tackle the challenge of designing pedestrian walking reward. Subsequently, the Four-Mecanum-Wheel Robot dynamic model is constructed to develop IDC-SRAN, resolving the issue of dynamics mismatch of RL system. The actions of IDC-SRAN are defined as additional torque, with actual torque and lateral/longitudinal velocities integrated into the state space. The feasibility of the decision-control strategy is ensured by constraining the range of actions. Furthermore, a critical challenge arises from the state delay caused by model transient characteristics, which complicates the articulation of nonlinear relationships between states and actions through IRL-based rewards. To mitigate this, a driving-force-guided reward is proposed. This reward guides the robot to explore more appropriate decision-control strategies by expected direction of driving force, thereby reducing non-optimal behaviors during transient phases. Experimental results demonstrate that IDC-SRAN achieves peak accelerations approximately 8.3% of baseline methods, significantly enhancing the feasibility of decision-control strategies. Simultaneously, the framework enables goal-oriented autonomous navigation through active torque modulation, attaining a task completion rate exceeding 90%. These outcomes further validate the intelligence and robustness of the proposed IDC-SRAN.},
}

*Robotics/methods
*Nonlinear Dynamics
Humans
Algorithms
Reward
Decision Making
Reinforcement, Psychology
Walking

@article {pmid40478342,
year = {2025},
author = {Thill, M and Ghilli, M and Roncella, M and Kelling, K and Fansa, H and Golatta, M and Heil, J and Haasteren, V and Freitag, A and Togawa, R and Sagona, A and Rooney, TB and Fox, MJ and Barth, RJ},
title = {A Multi-institutional Study to Evaluate the Effectiveness and Safety of a Supine MRI-Based Guidance System, the Breast Cancer Locator[TM], for Breast Conserving Surgery in Patients with Nonpalpable Breast Cancer.},
journal = {Annals of surgical oncology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {40478342},
issn = {1534-4681},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The Breast Cancer Locator[TM] (BCL) has been demonstrated to be a safe and effective guidance system for breast-conserving surgery (BCS) in patients with palpable breast cancer, but its effectiveness in patients with nonpalpable breast cancer has not been evaluated.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: Supine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images were used to generate (1) an interactive three-dimensional (3D) virtual image of the tumor in the breast and (2) a plastic bra-like form (BCL) that enabled the surgeon to place wires that bracketed the tumor volume. The primary objective was to determine the proportion of patients undergoing margin negative resections.

RESULTS: A total of 35 subjects were enrolled at 5 sites by 9 surgeons. In the 33 patients treated per protocol, 31 had margin negative resections (94%). All 31 patients with negative margins had negative margins on the primary lumpectomy specimen resected with BCL guidance. Additional shave margins were taken in 4 of the 31 patients; no cancer was present in the shaves. A total of 25 patients had invasive ductal carcinoma, 7 invasive lobular carcinoma, and 3 ductal carcinoma en situ (DCIS). The mean tumor diameter was 3.1 cm and specimen volume was 56 ml. The median actual/targeted specimen volume ratio was 1.18. There was no significant difference in preop versus postop Breast-Q scores: 66.5 versus 64.0, p = 0.58. Surgeons judged the BCL guidance system to be easy to use in 91% of cases.

CONCLUSIONS: The BCL guidance system enabled surgeons to do precise BCS: margin negative resections were obtained in a high proportion of cases, resected specimen volumes were relatively low, and patients' satisfaction with their breasts was not adversely effected by surgery.},
}

@article {pmid40474937,
year = {2025},
author = {Miranda-Pinzon, M and Gomez-Caturla, J and Ivorra-Martinez, J and Guijarro, N and Marset, X and Balart, R},
title = {Sustainable Approach to Overcome Polylactide Brittleness with Biobased Esters of Isosorbide and Fatty Acids.},
journal = {ACS sustainable chemistry & engineering},
volume = {13},
number = {21},
pages = {7962-7974},
pmid = {40474937},
issn = {2168-0485},
abstract = {This work reports on the design and synthesis of sustainable plasticizers from plant-based isosorbide to enhance the intrinsic brittleness of polylactide (PLA). To keep fully biobased carbon, isosorbide was esterified with fatty acids of varying chain length, leading to isosorbide dibutyrate (IDB), dicaprylate (IDC), and dipalmitate (IDP). These esters were incorporated into PLA at different concentrations. An approach to assess PLA-plasticizer miscibility was conducted by calculating solubility parameters (δ) and the Flory-Huggins interaction parameter, χ. The effect of plasticizer type and concentration on mechanical, thermal, and thermomechanical properties, as well as on microstructure and biodegradation, was also addressed. The results indicated that IDB and IDC notably enhanced PLA toughness, reducing the PLA's glass transition temperature (T g) from 60.3 to 27.7 °C with 20 wt % IDC. Consequently, strain at break dramatically increased from 12.8% (PLA) to over 300% with 20 wt % IDB or IDC. In contrast, IDP exhibited limited miscibility, resulting in phase separation, though it still improved the impact strength and ductility. All formulations demonstrated exceptional disintegration in compost soil, underscoring their potential as "double green" plasticizers suitable for PLA. Since both PLA and isosorbide can be industrially derived from starch, this work places starch as a key platform for sustainable polymers.},
}

@article {pmid40470417,
year = {2025},
author = {Matsuo, T and Tanaka, T and Shien, T and Muraoka, A and Doihara, H},
title = {Detailed Ophthalmic and Pathological Features of Choroidal Metastasis From Breast Cancer: A Case Series of Five Patients.},
journal = {Cureus},
volume = {17},
number = {5},
pages = {e83484},
pmid = {40470417},
issn = {2168-8184},
abstract = {Breast cancer causes choroidal metastases on rare occasions. This study presented the eye manifestations of choroidal metastases from breast cancer and their response to treatments in detail as well as their pathological correlation in five patients. The patients' age at the diagnosis of breast cancer ranged from 24 to 69 years (median: 37 years). The time from the diagnosis of breast cancer to the detection of metastases was concurrent in one patient, two years later in three patients, and six years later in the other patient. The time from the detection of systemic metastases to the detection of choroidal metastases was the same in one patient, while it ranged from one to seven years later in four patients. Choroidal metastases were in the unilateral eye of four patients, whereas they were in both eyes of one patient. Choroidal metastases manifested as one or a few nodular or flat choroidal lesions with serous retinal detachment. As for the treatment of choroidal metastases, enucleation of the right eye was chosen based on the patient's wish as well as the family's wish in the earliest patient when cancer notification was not the norm in Japan. In the other four patients, whole-eye radiation was performed to reduce the choroidal metastatic lesions. As regards the prognosis, which was available in four patients, three patients died within one year from the diagnosis of choroidal metastases, while one patient died one year and eight months later. Regarding the pathology of breast cancer, which was available in four patients, immunostaining of the preserved enucleated eye in the earliest patient revealed that breast cancer cells in the choroidal metastatic lesion were positive for estrogen receptor and negative for progesterone receptor and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). Invasive ductal carcinoma in two patients was positive for estrogen receptor and negative for HER2, while invasive ductal carcinoma in the other patient was triple-negative for estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and HER2 with a high Ki-67 index. In conclusion, the prognosis for life was poor in patients with breast cancer who developed choroidal metastases. Choroidal metastatic lesions showed a response to whole-eye radiation to improve the quality of vision at the end of life. Vision-related symptoms should be monitored in the course of chemotherapy for systemic metastases.},
}

@article {pmid40475302,
year = {2024},
author = {Xie, J and Jung, KJ and Allen, C and Chang, Y and Paul, S and Li, Z and Ma, Q and Chung, D},
title = {Analysis of community connectivity in spatial transcriptomics data.},
journal = {Frontiers in applied mathematics and statistics},
volume = {10},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {40475302},
issn = {2297-4687},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: The advent of high throughput spatial transcriptomics (HST) has allowed for unprecedented characterization of spatially distinct cell communities within a tissue sample. While a wide range of computational tools exist for detecting cell communities in HST data, none allow for the characterization of community connectivity, i.e., the relative similarity of cells within and between found communities-an analysis task that can elucidate cellular dynamics in important settings such as the tumor microenvironment.

METHODS: To address this gap, we introduce the analysis of community connectivity (ACC), which facilitates understanding of the relative similarity of cells within and between communities. We develop a Bayesian multi-layer network model called BANYAN for the integration of spatial and gene expression information to achieve ACC.

RESULTS: We demonstrate BANYAN's ability to recover community connectivity structure via a simulation study based on real sagittal mouse brain HST data. Next, we use BANYAN to implement ACC across a wide range of real data scenarios, including 10× Visium data of melanoma brain metastases and invasive ductal carcinoma, and NanoString CosMx data of human-small-cell lung cancer, each of which reveals distinct cliques of interacting cell sub-populations. An R package banyan is available at https://github.com/dongjunchung/banyan.},
}

@article {pmid40470186,
year = {2025},
author = {Dahms, PA and Hinckley, B and Prekeris, R and Behbod, F and Lyons, TR},
title = {Semaphorin-7A promotes macrophage-mediated mammary epithelial and ductal carcinoma in situ invasion.},
journal = {Research square},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.21203/rs.3.rs-6448305/v1},
pmid = {40470186},
issn = {2693-5015},
abstract = {Background Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) accounts for 20-30% of all breast cancer diagnoses. Considered stage 0, DCIS is contained in the ducts by the myoepithelium that surround the luminal cells in the mammary gland. DCIS can progress to invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) if the tumor cells break through the myoepithelium and invade the surrounding breast tissue. While 30-50% of DCIS tumors will progress to IDC, a majority will remain in a DCIS-like state. The mechanisms that drive this progression are not completely understood. There is currently no clinically recognized biomarker for predicting risk of DCIS progression. Therefore, all DCIS tumors are treated with standard of care, resulting in overtreatment. We have previously identified independent roles for semaphorin-7A (SEMA7A) and collagen in promoting DCIS progression to IDC. Methods To investigate the relationship between SEMA7A and collagen remodeling in the mammary gland, we utilized patient tissues and mouse models of normal development and DCIS progression as well as a novel SEMA7A-blocking antibody. Results We show that SEMA7A increases in patient samples of DCIS compared to matched normal tissues and in IDC compared to matched DCIS and normal tissues. This increase was correlated with the presence of CD68 + macrophages. Using puberty in the mammary gland as a model for normal epithelial invasion facilitated by macrophages, we show SEMA7A knockout mice exhibit delayed ductal elongation as well as decreased macrophages. Additionally, our SEMA7A-blocking antibody in a mouse model of DCIS decreased invasive tumor phenotypes and decreased organized collagen around the tumor. The invasive tumors had increased collagen and macrophage influx in the tumor. Finally, we show that SEMA7A activates an AKT/GSK3β/β-catenin signaling pathway within macrophages to promote expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the matrix remodeling enzyme MMP9 to facilitate invasion. Conclusions Our results demonstrate that SEMA7A regulates normal and transformed epithelial cell invasion through regulation of pro-invasive matrix remodeling via macrophages. Our studies also suggest that SEMA7A expression, macrophage phenotype, and collagen structure may be a predictor of risk for DCIS invasion. Thus, blocking SEMA7A may be a novel therapeutic strategy for high-risk DCIS patients to slow or prevent progression of disease.},
}

@article {pmid40469556,
year = {2025},
author = {Suzuki, A and Komiya, T and Fujita, H and Shimada, K and Nonaka, M and Hanano, M and Takeishi, M and Ishikawa, T and Matsumura, H},
title = {Surgical Site Infection Owing to Mycobacterium mageritense After Immediate Breast Reconstruction Using a Deep Inferior Epigastric Perforator Flap.},
journal = {Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open},
volume = {13},
number = {6},
pages = {e6823},
pmid = {40469556},
issn = {2169-7574},
abstract = {Mycobacterium mageritense is a rare, rapidly growing, nontuberculosis mycobacterium that belongs to type IV of the rapidly growing mycobacteria. These bacteria are found in soil and water, and cause localized skin and soft tissue infections; however, they are challenging to culture, leading to diagnostic delays. To our knowledge, there have been 12 reported cases of surgical site infections (SSIs) caused by M. mageritense, with only 2 cases following breast reconstruction. A 51-year-old woman underwent nipple-sparing mastectomy and immediate breast reconstruction using a deep inferior epigastric perforator flap for invasive ductal carcinoma of the left breast. One month after surgery, she developed an SSI caused by M. mageritense. Despite initial outpatient treatment, the infection persisted, requiring multiple hospitalizations, administration of intravenous antibiotics, and several debridements under general anesthesia. Negative pressure wound therapy and a coordinated approach among various medical specialties are essential for managing infections. The patient experienced side effects from prolonged antibiotic use but eventually exhibited no signs of infection recurrence. This case highlights the challenges in diagnosing and treating M. mageritense SSIs, emphasizing the need for comprehensive surgical and medical management, together with patient-centered care, to effectively manage long-term treatment.},
}

@article {pmid40469550,
year = {2025},
author = {Mattia, A and Alomari, M and Hyjazie, T and Devisetti, N and Shen, Y and Haykal, S},
title = {Breast Reconstruction in De Novo Metastatic Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review.},
journal = {Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open},
volume = {13},
number = {6},
pages = {e6810},
pmid = {40469550},
issn = {2169-7574},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Breast reconstruction in de novo metastatic breast cancer (dnMBC) patients is a viable option. There remains no consensus on recommendations. We summarize postreconstruction clinical outcomes in dnMBC patients to identify surgical candidates.

METHODS: A systematic review was conducted across PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science from January 1, 1990, to November 1, 2024. The study methods were in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Data on patient demographics, disease characteristics, oncological treatment, surgical details, and clinical outcomes were collected.

RESULTS: A total of 7 studies (2635 breast cancer survivors) were identified. The average (SD) age was 47.5 (2.35) years, and most participants were White (n = 2080, 79.3%). Across studies, 39.0% (n = 761) of patients underwent implant-based reconstruction, 38.8% (n = 757) autologous reconstruction, 5.99% (n = 117) combined reconstruction, and 16.4% (n = 320) were not specified. Most cancers were invasive ductal carcinoma (81.3%) with estrogen-positive (73.1%) or progesterone-positive (48.4%) receptors and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive (33.7%) status. Primary tumors most often metastasized to bone (44.4%) or lymph nodes (38.5%). Overall survival and breast cancer-specific survival rates were prolonged among reconstructed patients without increased predilection for complications or delay in tumor treatment.

CONCLUSIONS: Reconstruction in dnMBC patients is an appropriate option, especially among younger patients with oligometastatic disease. Future studies are encouraged to investigate the impact on well-being and prolonged survival rates, which primarily seem to be limited to those with low disease burden and hormone receptor-positive tumor subtypes.},
}

@article {pmid40468339,
year = {2025},
author = {Irandoust, K and Alipour, V and Arabloo, J and Nahvijou, A and Akbari, A},
title = {Economic burden of five common cancers in Iran: a systematic review of cost-of-illness with a focus on healthcare resource utilization.},
journal = {BMC health services research},
volume = {25},
number = {1},
pages = {800},
pmid = {40468339},
issn = {1472-6963},
mesh = {Humans ; Iran/epidemiology ; *Cost of Illness ; *Breast Neoplasms/economics ; Male ; *Stomach Neoplasms/economics ; *Prostatic Neoplasms/economics ; *Colorectal Neoplasms/economics ; *Lung Neoplasms/economics ; Female ; *Neoplasms/economics ; *Health Care Costs/statistics & numerical data ; *Patient Acceptance of Health Care/statistics & numerical data ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: According to the latest World Health Organization report, approximately half of the new cancer cases in Iran are attributed to five common cancers: gastric, breast, colorectal, lung, and prostate cancer. These cancers impose a heavy economic burden on healthcare systems and society, including direct medical costs (DMC), direct non-medical costs (DNMC), and indirect costs (IDC). This systematic review aimed to investigate the economic burden of these cancers in Iran.

METHODS: This systematic review was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines. The search strategy was developed using MeSH terms, Emtree, and previous literature. To identify relevant studies published up until December 27, 2023, searches were conducted in both international databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane, and the NHS Economic Evaluation Database) and national databases (SID, Magiran, and IranMedex). After removing duplicates and screening studies using Endnote software, eligible studies were selected for inclusion in the review. The costs were converted to USD 2021 using the CCEMG-EPPI-Centre cost converter.

RESULTS: A total of 22 studies were included in this review. Breast and colorectal cancer each had 4 studies, while prostate, gastric, and lung cancer each had 3 studies. The remaining 5 studies covered a combination of multiple cancers. Converting the costs from different studies to USD 2021 showed that the average annual DMC per patient with breast cancer varied from $13,954 to $34,772. These costs ranged from $14,671 to $28,656 for colorectal cancer, $7,970 to $16,821 for prostate cancer, $12,206 to $17,681 for gastric cancer, and $9,369 to $40,682 for lung cancer. Part of these variations may be related to differences in healthcare resource utilization, while another part may be due to differences in cost calculation methodology, study perspective, and study location. Additional cost conversion findings showed that in 85% of the studies, the average annual DNMC per patient for all cancers were estimated to be less than $4,000. Furthermore, the average annual IDC per patient for breast and lung cancer were estimated to be as high as $100,000 due to high mortality, compared to less than $30,000 for other cancers.

CONCLUSIONS: Given the high prevalence of these five cancers in Iran, their economic burden is significant. Policymakers should focus not only on reducing the disease burden but also on minimizing the economic burden of cancer. Strategies such as improving early detection, optimizing treatment pathways, and implementing cost-effective interventions could help reduce both healthcare costs and the overall financial strain on patients and the healthcare system.},
}

Humans
Iran/epidemiology
*Cost of Illness
*Breast Neoplasms/economics
Male
*Stomach Neoplasms/economics
*Prostatic Neoplasms/economics
*Colorectal Neoplasms/economics
*Lung Neoplasms/economics
Female
*Neoplasms/economics
*Health Care Costs/statistics & numerical data
*Patient Acceptance of Health Care/statistics & numerical data

@article {pmid40464172,
year = {2025},
author = {Choi, S and Choi, EJ and Kim, BR and Kim, KM},
title = {An Unusual Occurrence of Synchronous Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Invasive Ductal Carcinoma in the Ipsilateral Breast: A Case Report.},
journal = {Current medical imaging},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.2174/0115734056373786250527105407},
pmid = {40464172},
issn = {1573-4056},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The synchronous occurrence of primary pure squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) of the breast is rare. Accurate identification of synchronous primary malignancies is crucial because their prognosis and treatment differ significantly from recurrent diseases. Herein, we present an unusual case highlighting the synchronous development of primary SCC and IDC in the ipsilateral breast.

CASE REPORT: A 48-year-old woman presented with a palpable mass in her right breast. Preoperative dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) demonstrated an irregularly shaped mass with internal rim enhancement. Surgical resection confirmed IDC of nuclear grade 3 with a high proliferation index (Ki-67: 70%), and the patient underwent adjuvant chemotherapy without radiation. Five months postoperation, a chest computed tomography (CT) revealed a new round-shaped lesion with rim enhancement and relatively circumscribed margins near the previous operation site. Breast ultrasound additionally identified a complex cystic and solid mass with an echogenic rind and increased vascularity. Following total resection, a pure squamous cell carcinoma with prominent keratinization was confirmed.

CONCLUSION: Accurate and early diagnosis of synchronous multiple primary malignancies from recurrence of the primary tumor is critical for improving prognosis by establishing an appropriate treatment and follow-up plan. Recognizing complex cystic and solid masses with relatively circumscribed margins on radiological imaging can assist clinicians in identifying and managing rare cases where IDC and SCC coexist or appear sequentially within a short period.},
}

@article {pmid40460639,
year = {2025},
author = {Shekhar Das, H and Borah, K and Bora, K},
title = {Ensemble learning approach for detecting breast invasive ductal carcinoma from histopathological images.},
journal = {Pathology, research and practice},
volume = {272},
number = {},
pages = {156041},
doi = {10.1016/j.prp.2025.156041},
pmid = {40460639},
issn = {1618-0631},
abstract = {Invasive ductal carcinoma is a type of breast cancer that is one of the most frequent and aggressive forms of breast malignancy, necessitating accurate and timely diagnosis for effective treatment. Though considered the gold standard, traditional histopathological diagnosis is subject to inter-observer and intra-observer variability, potentially impacting patient outcomes. This study proposed an ensemble learning approach for classifying invasive ductal carcinoma to address these challenges. The proposed method combines the strengths of multiple deep-learning models to enhance diagnostic accuracy and robustness. We employed a diverse set of pre-trained convolutional neural networks, viz, ResNet50, Xception, MobileNetV2, VGG16, and VGG19, each trained on histopathological images of breast histology slides. These five different deep learning models were compared in this work, and the resulting inference results are also shown. Ensemble and a fine-tuning approach to transfer learning were also used to extract the best results. These models were evaluated using evaluation metrics like accuracy to see which one does the job best. The proposed weighted average ensemble algorithm achieved 97.27 % accuracy. Among all models, the ResNet50 model outperforms the other models in identifying invasive ductal carcinoma. Therefore, ResNet50 is the preferred model when accuracy is the top concern for a particular resolution image, and the weighted average ensemble approach enhances the performance of the proposed work. Our results indicate that the proposed ensemble approach decreases variability in diagnoses and advancements in accuracy. This method holds promise for enhancing the precision of breast cancer diagnostics, potentially leading to better patient management and outcomes.},
}