@article {pmid41863187,
year = {2026},
author = {Cazenave, MG and Mahiou, K and Elahi, L and Maumy, L and Pauly, L and Guillot, E and Miailhe, G and Pouget, N and Benoit, L and Trotin, M and Bonneau, C},
title = {SENOPAUSE: Evaluation of an ASCO-Derived Clinical Proxy for Axillary Risk Stratification in a Retrospective Cohort.},
journal = {Clinical breast cancer},
volume = {26},
number = {4},
pages = {37-43},
doi = {10.1016/j.clbc.2026.02.013},
pmid = {41863187},
issn = {1938-0666},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) omission is increasingly considered in carefully selected postmenopausal patients with low-risk, early-stage breast cancer. However, the prevalence of occult nodal disease and wether nodal information alters adjuvant management remain key concerns in real-world implementation.

METHODS: We conducted a retrospective, two-center observational study using an institutional REDCap database. Consecutive patients treated surgically between 2023 and 2024 were screened and a strict proxy of ASCO eligibility criteria for SLNB omission was applied (postmenopausal; HR-positive/HER2-negative; invasive ductal carcinoma; T0 to T1; grade 1 to 2; no neoadjuvant therapy). The primary outcome was the prevalence of pN1 disease within the ASCO-eligible cohort. Secondary outcomes included adjuvant chemotherapy use, whole-breast radiotherapy (WBRT), and availability of genomic testing.

RESULTS: Among 662 screened patients, 211 met all ASCO proxy eligibility criteria. Occult nodal involvement was observed in 20/211 patients (9.5%, pN1). Adjuvant chemotherapy was administered in 10/211 patients (4.7%), while WBRT was delivered in 203/211 (95.7%). Genomic testing was available in 17/211 patients (8.1%) and was predominantly low-risk among those tested (13/17, 76%). Within the pN1 subgroup (n = 20), chemotherapy was administered in 4/20 patients (20%), and genomic testing was available in 8/20 (40%).

CONCLUSION: In a real-world cohort meeting strict ASCO proxy criteria, approximately 1 in ten patients had occult pN1 disease, yet chemotherapy use remained uncommon and WBRT was near-universal. These findings suggest nodal status may have limited impact on downstream adjuvant treatment escalation in highly selected low-risk luminal breast cancers.},
}

@article {pmid41858527,
year = {2026},
author = {Çetin Tunçez, H and Adibelli, ZH and Havvat, N and Kocatepe Çavdar, D and Altın, L and Bozer, A},
title = {Radiological and Histopathological Predictors of Survival in Neuroendocrine Differentiated Breast Cancer: A Comparative Analysis with NS-IDC.},
journal = {Breast cancer (Dove Medical Press)},
volume = {18},
number = {},
pages = {569083},
pmid = {41858527},
issn = {1179-1314},
abstract = {PURPOSE: This study aims to compare the radiological and immunohistochemical (IHC) features of neuroendocrine differentiated breast cancer (NEBC) with those of non-specific invasive ductal carcinoma (NS-IDC) and to examine the prognostic relevance of these features, including their association with overall survival (OS).

PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients with histopathologically confirmed NEBC between 2015 and 2022 were retrospectively identified. Inclusion criteria were availability of preoperative mammography, ultrasonography, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), along with complete clinical records; patients with missing data were excluded. A randomly selected NS-IDC cohort from the same institutional database served as the comparison group. Histopathology was the reference standard. Imaging was reassessed by two breast radiologists, and pathological specimens were reviewed by an experienced breast pathologist. Statistical analyses were performed using IBM SPSS 26.0, with significance set at p < 0.05.

RESULTS: Eighty-five patients (44 NEBC, 41 NS-IDC) were included. Compared with NS-IDC, NEBC more frequently demonstrated rapid initial enhancement and late washout on MRI (p=0.001 and p=0.009, respectively), and higher progesterone reseptor (PR) expression (p=0.037). Five-year OS did not differ significantly between groups (p = 0.858). Multivariate analysis revealed that the presence of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), T stage, and T2 hyperintensity on MRI emerged as independent predictors of mortality (p = 0.006, p = 0.003, and p = 0.028, respectively).

CONCLUSION: Although NEBC exhibits distinct MRI characteristics and a predominantly hormone-positive IHC profile, survival outcomes were comparable to those of NS-IDC. Notably, T2 hyperintensity on MRI was the strongest imaging feature associated with poorer survival, suggesting a potential role in future prognostic stratification. The modest sample size, prognostic interpretations should be viewed as exploratory. Larger prospective studies are needed to validate these findings.},
}

@article {pmid41859720,
year = {2026},
author = {Amei, C and Satake, T and Kamisaka, K and Yoshino, R and Noto, M and Taki, K and Tachibana, G and Tsukura, K and Kobayashi, K and Nagai, F and Onoda, S and Matsui, K},
title = {Hemiabdominal Deep Inferior Epigastric Perforator Flap Banking for Contralateral Occult Breast Cancer.},
journal = {Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open},
volume = {14},
number = {2},
pages = {e7448},
pmid = {41859720},
issn = {2169-7574},
abstract = {The deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flap is the gold standard in autologous breast reconstruction. Because abdominal tissue is limited to a single use, metachronous contralateral breast cancer reconstruction frequently necessitates an alternative donor site, raising concerns about symmetry and additional scarring. We propose using a hemi-DIEP flap for the initial reconstruction while preserving the unused contralateral hemi-flap subcutaneously in the abdominal region for future use. The patient is a 69-year-old woman diagnosed with invasive ductal carcinoma of the right breast. The patient underwent a nipple-sparing mastectomy with sentinel lymph node biopsy, followed by immediate breast reconstruction using a hemi-DIEP flap. The unused hemi-DIEP flap was denuded and stored subcutaneously in the lower abdominal region. The abdominal donor site healed with only mild midline thickening, without bulging or cosmetic deformity, resulting in an appearance comparable to a standard DIEP flap harvest. For high-risk patients with contralateral breast cancer, this approach provides a promising autologous breast reconstruction alternative that reduces donor-site morbidity while ensuring optimal symmetry and tissue quality.},
}

@article {pmid41861529,
year = {2026},
author = {Kim, Y and Lim, J and Kwak, B},
title = {Phenotypic profiles for anticancer drug responses using tumor spheroids.},
journal = {Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie},
volume = {198},
number = {},
pages = {119237},
doi = {10.1016/j.biopha.2026.119237},
pmid = {41861529},
issn = {1950-6007},
abstract = {Phenotypic drug discovery enables the evaluation of anticancer drug responses without requiring prior knowledge of molecular targets. Tumor spheroids more accurately recapitulate in vivo tumor architecture compared to conventional monolayer cultures but currently lack standardized drug evaluation criteria. In this study, we fabricated uniform and drug evaluation-optimized tumor spheroids using triple-positive (ER+, PR+, HER2 +) invasive ductal carcinoma cells. Anticancer drugs used in breast cancer were administered at clinically relevant plasma concentrations. We propose drug response evaluation parameters including spheroid size change, morphological features (surface cell size and convexity), and optical transmittance monitored during drug treatment and throughout a defined post exposure observation period. These optical image-based analytical features showed consistent correlations with the respective mechanisms of molecular action and the associated drug response. This study establishes a phenotype-based evaluation system for breast cancer chemotherapy using tumor spheroids, offering a reference model for drug evaluation. Moreover, it proposes quantifiable evaluation parameters for drug screening and provides reference data for assessing investigational compounds, thereby enhancing the utility of spheroids in phenotypic anticancer drug discovery.},
}

@article {pmid41852361,
year = {2026},
author = {Malick, A and Lebwohl, B and Green, PHR and Lagana, SM and Krishnareddy, S},
title = {Development of Celiac Disease After Immunotherapy: A Case Series.},
journal = {Gastro hep advances},
volume = {5},
number = {4},
pages = {100891},
pmid = {41852361},
issn = {2772-5723},
abstract = {BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Celiac disease results from a complex immune response to gluten in genetically susceptible individuals. It has been noted to occur with immune checkpoint inhibitor therapies and other novel therapies in prior case reports. In this case series, we report 3 cases of celiac disease in patients receiving therapy for psoriasis, breast cancer, and renal cell carcinoma.

METHODS: Three cases of celiac disease occurring in patients after novel medications were identified by gastroenterologists at a tertiary care center. Informed consent was obtained from all 3 patients. Medical history and clinical data were obtained by review of the electronic medical record.

RESULTS: Celiac disease developed in 3 patients after initiating biologic therapy: a 21-year-old female with psoriasis receiving ixekizumab (interleukin-17 antagonist) and risankizumab (interleukin-23 antagonist); a 49-year-old female with invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast after pertuzumab (human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 antagonist); and an 82-year-old male taking cabozantinib (multityrosine kinase inhibitor) for renal cell carcinoma.

CONCLUSION: We have identified 3 cases of celiac disease that presented after initiating new immune-modulating medications. It is important to consider celiac disease and nonceliac villous atrophy in the differential for diarrhea developing during or after a new therapy as it heavily impacts management and may eliminate the need for alternate therapies that include steroid courses, cessation of therapy, or even gluten-free diet.},
}

@article {pmid41853427,
year = {2026},
author = {Camejo, N and Amarillo, D and Castillo, C and Olguin, C and Navas, M and Mendez, M and Duran, A and Firpo, Y and Gordienko, T and Herrera, G and Alonso, I and Krygier, G},
title = {Clinical Characteristics and Long-Term Outcomes of Young Women With Breast Cancer: A Multicenter Study From Uruguay.},
journal = {Cureus},
volume = {18},
number = {2},
pages = {e103645},
pmid = {41853427},
issn = {2168-8184},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Breast cancer in women aged ≤40 years is uncommon but clinically challenging, often associated with aggressive pathological features and advanced-stage diagnosis. In Latin America, real-world data on long-term outcomes in this population remain limited. This study aimed to describe clinicopathological characteristics, treatment patterns, and survival outcomes of young women with breast cancer treated in Uruguay.

METHODS: We conducted a multicenter retrospective cohort study including women aged 18-40 years diagnosed with invasive breast cancer between 2006 and 2024 at two public referral centers. Clinical, pathological, and treatment data were collected from medical records. Overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) were estimated using Kaplan-Meier analysis.

RESULTS:  A total of 267 patients were included (mean age at diagnosis, 34.8 years). Invasive ductal carcinoma was the predominant histology (85.8%), with a high proportion of grade III tumors (39.3%). The most common biological subtype was luminal (48.8%), followed by HER2-positive (27.7%) and triple-negative disease (17.2%). Stage II disease was most frequent (40.4%), while 28.7% of patients presented with stage III disease. Modified radical mastectomy was the most commonly performed surgical procedure (38.2%). Most patients received surgery, radiotherapy, and systemic therapy according to recurrence risk. With a median follow-up of 52.3 months, estimated OS was 84.8% at 5 years and 80.9% at 10 years. Survival outcomes differed significantly according to clinical stage but not biological subtype.

CONCLUSIONS:  Young women with breast cancer in Uruguay frequently present with aggressive tumor features and advanced disease at diagnosis. Nevertheless, when managed within a multidisciplinary framework and treated according to current standards of care, long-term survival outcomes are favorable and comparable to international reports. These findings underscore the importance of early detection strategies and equitable access to guideline-based care in middle-income countries.},
}

@article {pmid41840060,
year = {2026},
author = {Yang, J and Li, Y and Luo, S and Wang, J and Duan, Y},
title = {Decoding clone evolution in HER2 amplified breast cancer through single-cell and spatial transcriptomics analysis of copy number variations.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1038/s41598-026-44476-7},
pmid = {41840060},
issn = {2045-2322},
support = {82403484//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; },
}

@article {pmid41841690,
year = {2026},
author = {Chawla, B and Jatia, S and Sloan, D and Eduful, J and Mendoza, H and McClear, CA and Tran, J and Csankovszki, G},
title = {Condensin IDC has a Functional ATPase That is Required for X-Chromosome Dosage Compensation in C. elegans.},
journal = {Genetics},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/genetics/iyag072},
pmid = {41841690},
issn = {1943-2631},
abstract = {Dosage compensation (DC) in C. elegans utilizes a condensin complex that resembles mitotic condensins, but differs by one subunit, DPY-27. DPY-27 replaces SMC-4, one of the Structural Maintenance of Chromosome (SMC) proteins that is responsible for hydrolyzing ATP, required for condensation of DNA and other mitotic condensin functions. To understand if the ATPase function is required in DC, we first demonstrated that DPY-27 is capable of hydrolyzing ATP in vitro. Then, we used CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing to generate an ATPase mutation in dpy-27. Although the mutant protein is expressed and it is incorporated into the condensin IDC complex, this mutation results in a loss of DC. Specifically, we found that without ATPase function, DPY-27 containing condensin IDC has reduced capacity to bind DNA, condense the X chromosomes, and facilitate H4K20me1 enrichment on the X-chromosomes. Our results suggest that condensin IDC, like mitotic condensins, uses ATP hydrolysis to perform its functions, making C. elegans DC a model for how activities attributed to mitotic condensins can be used to regulate gene expression.},
}

@article {pmid41835638,
year = {2026},
author = {Mainer, S and Lachmayr, H and Lemon, B and Killorin, W},
title = {Breast Cancer Metastasis with a Ureteral Obstruction and Bladder Mass.},
journal = {Cureus},
volume = {18},
number = {2},
pages = {e103428},
pmid = {41835638},
issn = {2168-8184},
abstract = {Breast cancer is the most common cause of cancer mortality in females globally, and a significant proportion of patients develop metastatic disease. Common metastatic sites of breast cancer include bone, lung, liver, and brain. Secondary neoplasms (metastases from other primary sites) represent a minority of all malignant bladder tumors In this report, we describe a case of breast cancer metastasis with ureteral obstruction and bladder mass in a 60-year-old African-American female. For over a decade, this patient was asymptomatic and had been under surveillance following bilateral radical mastectomy for invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) with adjuvant chemoradiotherapy. Unrelated imaging revealed an incidental finding of right hydronephrosis. Subsequent cystoscopy revealed a bladder mass obstructing the right ureteral orifice. Transurethral resection of a bladder tumor and ureteral stent placement were performed, and the pathology findings favored metastatic breast cancer. The details of the case are intended to help further knowledge of urinary bladder metastases. This case is unusual in that the patient was asymptomatic, her breast cancer type is associated with a lower incidence of bladder metastases, and the bladder was the solitary location of metastasis.},
}

@article {pmid41835700,
year = {2026},
author = {Oshita, G and Oura, S},
title = {Invasive Ductal Carcinoma of the Breast With an Uncommon Widespread Thick Hyperechoic Pattern: A Case Report.},
journal = {Cureus},
volume = {18},
number = {2},
pages = {e103491},
pmid = {41835700},
issn = {2168-8184},
abstract = {A 77-year-old woman visited our hospital due to a palpable breast mass. Mammography only showed a focal asymmetric density. In addition to one normal-sized lymph node with a punctate hyperechoic pattern, ultrasound showed widespread, thick hyperechoic areas with indistinct margins and adjacent hypoechoic areas. The hypoechoic areas had both an irregular shape and focal internal punctate high echoes on grayscale ultrasound, as well as blood inflow on Doppler ultrasound. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the mass showed weak high signals on fat-suppressed T2-weighted images and slow initial enhancement followed by persistent enhancement on dynamic studies, highly suggesting the hyperechoic areas to have abundant fat components. Core needle biopsy pathologically showed cancer cells with fat invasion. The patient, therefore, underwent mastectomy and axillary dissection. Postoperative pathological study showed cancer cells spreading in 25-mm sizes in the fat tissue, with microvoids around cancer cell clusters, and two metastatic lymph nodes. Immunostaining of the tumor showed estrogen receptor positivity (Allred score 7), progesterone receptor negativity, human epidermal growth factor receptor type 2 equivocality (fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) negative), and a Ki-67 labeling index of 35%. The patient has been well on adjuvant endocrine therapy without any events for three years. A diagnostic physician should note that microvoids just around cancer cell clusters may make the internal echoes of the metastatic lymph node high, and widespread cancer infiltration into the fat tissue generates an uncommon, widespread, thick hyperechoic pattern.},
}

@article {pmid41836045,
year = {2026},
author = {Masuda, Y and Aoki, M and Tanaka, M and Koga, Y and Eto, K and Yoshinaga, Y and Sato, T},
title = {Necrosis of a Metastatic Axillary Lymph Node in Breast Cancer Possibly Induced by Fine-Needle Aspiration Cytology: A Case Report.},
journal = {Case reports in oncology},
volume = {19},
number = {1},
pages = {349-355},
doi = {10.1159/000550529},
pmid = {41836045},
issn = {1662-6575},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Axillary lymph node metastasis is a major prognostic factor for breast cancer. In rare cases, metastatic lesions may undergo necrosis.

CASE PRESENTATION: A 69-year-old woman with a history of rheumatoid arthritis and ovarian tumor surgery was diagnosed with right-sided breast cancer (cT1N1M0) following abnormal screening mammography. Core needle biopsy revealed invasive ductal carcinoma (estrogen receptor: >95%, progesterone receptor: <1%, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2: 2+ [fluorescence in situ hybridization-negative], MIB-1: 18%). Fine-needle aspiration (FNA) cytology of an enlarged axillary lymph node confirmed metastasis. Mastectomy and axillary dissection were performed approximately 3 months after the FNA procedure without preoperative treatment, suggesting a temporal relationship between aspiration and subsequent necrosis. Histopathological analysis revealed no viable cancer cells in the lymph nodes but uniform eosinophilic necrosis with partial epithelial-like structures in one node. Immunohistochemistry showed positivity for epithelial membrane antigen, AE1/AE3, estrogen receptor, and GATA3, and histiocytes surrounding the necrotic area were positive for cluster of differentiation 68 and 163. These findings suggested that the metastatic carcinoma had undergone necrosis, likely triggered by FNA. The Oncotype DX score was 33; however, the patient chose endocrine therapy alone. No recurrence has been observed at the time of writing, 18 months after surgery.

CONCLUSION: This case highlights a rare instance of necrosis in a metastatic lymph node, possibly induced by FNA. Immunohistochemistry is essential to confirm the diagnosis and avoid misinterpretation as a granulomatous or infectious process.},
}

@article {pmid41836257,
year = {2026},
author = {Fedeli, F and Bistika, M and Ascione, F and Marangelo, A and Guzzi, FL and Schrader, J and Harris, AG and Pellegata, NS},
title = {Anti-secretory and anti-proliferative actions of next-generation dual subtype 2 and 5 somatostatin receptor ligands in neuroendocrine tumor models.},
journal = {Frontiers in oncology},
volume = {16},
number = {},
pages = {1766563},
doi = {10.3389/fonc.2026.1766563},
pmid = {41836257},
issn = {2234-943X},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: First-generation somatostatin receptor ligands (SRLs) mainly target SSTR2, whereas neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) often express multiple SSTR subtypes, frequently SSTR5. Dual SSTR2/SSTR5 targeting may enhance anti-hormonal and antiproliferative effects. We evaluated five novel dual SSTR2/SSTR5 agonists (SMTR-001 to SMTR-005) in preclinical NET models to assess their anti-secretory and anti-proliferative effects in representative preclinical NET models.

METHODS: The human insulinoma-derived NT-3 cell line and the murine AtT-20 corticotroph cell line, both expressing SSTR2 and SSTR5, were treated with 1-50 nM of the novel SRLs or reference agents (octreotide, pasireotide). Insulin and ACTH secretion were quantified by ELISA and cell viability was measured after 72 h (AtT-20) or 5 days (NT-3). A putative lead compound, SMTR-002, was further tested in 3D spheroid cultures of NT-3 cells. Intracellular cAMP modulation was evaluated after forskolin stimulation in AtT-20 cells.

RESULTS: In NT-3 cells, all dual SRLs inhibited insulin secretion (-65% to -95%), with SMTR-002, SMTR-004, and SMTR-005 showing significantly greater inhibition than octreotide at 10 nM. Each compound also reduced cell proliferation (-30% to -44%). In 3D cultures of NT-3 cells, SMTR-002 reduced insulin secretion to a degree comparable to octreotide but, unlike octreotide, significantly decreased cell proliferation. In AtT-20 cells, four novel SRLs significantly reduced ACTH secretion (-11% to -69%), with SMTR-001 and SMTR-004 showing efficacy comparable to pasireotide. SMTR-002 and SMTR-003 demonstrated the greatest antiproliferative effects (-53% and -48% at 10 nM). In AtT-20 cells, SMTR-002 also suppressed forskolin-induced cAMP accumulation more strongly than reference SRLs.

CONCLUSION: Dual SSTR2/SSTR5 agonists exhibit antisecretory and antiproliferative activity in NET models that was similar or even superior to reference SRLs. These findings support their further development as next-generation SRLs for SSTR2/5-expressing tumors.},
}

@article {pmid41831716,
year = {2026},
author = {Hornuss, D and Mathé, P and Giesen, R and Escolà-Vergé, L and Isler, B and Bartoletti, M and Lamy, B and Wagner, D and Kern, WV and Rieg, S and , },
title = {Possible quality indicators for clinical infectious diseases consultations - results from a hybrid Delphi-nominal group approach and scenario study.},
journal = {Clinical microbiology and infection : the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.cmi.2026.03.006},
pmid = {41831716},
issn = {1469-0691},
abstract = {SCOPE: Infectious diseases consultation (IDC) services contribute to optimized infection management and are associated with improved outcomes, particularly in difficult-to-treat infections. However, there is uncertainty on how IDC should best be performed, reported, and communicated to achieve optimal impact and adherence. This consensus paper aims to provide structured expert consensus guidance on possible quality indicators (QIs) for IDC activities and reports.

METHODS: A systematic literature review was performed but yielded no pertinent findings. Based on experience in clinical practice, the authors proposed 30 potential QIs in four major IDC domains. A Delphi-based anonymous online survey among ID specialists and clinical microbiologists was conducted with two evaluation rounds. QIs were evaluated on 5-point Likert scales (-2, -1, 0, +1, +2). Five possible QIs were additionally evaluated using scaling bars (from 0: only focused assessment/basic evaluation to 10: complete assessment/detailed evaluation). Consensus for a QI was reached when ≥ 80% of the responses showed a strong agreement (+2) in the first round and when ≥ 80% of responses showed a strong agreement (+2) or ≥ 85% agreement for +1 or +2 on the Likert in the second round. Three clinical case scenarios were included to estimate the time required for IDC. Additionally, options for (automated) preparation and artificial intelligence (AI) support for IDC reports were assessed.

The survey was completed by 51 IDC experts of 17 different countries in the first round and by 26 experts of 10 countries in the second round. Consensus was reached for 25 possible QIs categorized in four major domains (history and risk factors, bedside assessment, recommendations, and reporting), emphasizing a thorough conduct and documentation of IDC activities. Required time for IDC ranged from 35 minutes for simple or follow-up consultations to 55 minutes for complex cases. Almost half of 20 IDC procedures were judged as amenable to benefit from automation and AI support. This consensus paper proposes a comprehensive set of possible QIs for IDC services. The integration of these indicators may standardize evaluation, enhance the effectiveness of IDC, and facilitate international benchmarking. Further research is required to validate these QIs in diverse clinical settings and explore the integration of AI tools in clinical workflows.},
}

@article {pmid41825963,
year = {2026},
author = {Westbrook, JI and McMullan, RD and Fitzpatrick, E and Merchant, A and Wiggins, M and Aryal, N and Raban, MZ and Gardo, A and Lapointe, C and Williams, P and Li, L},
title = {Is independent double-checking superior to single-checking in medication administration error detection? A randomised controlled simulation trial.},
journal = {BMJ quality & safety},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1136/bmjqs-2025-019743},
pmid = {41825963},
issn = {2044-5423},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Double-checking of medication administration is a safety practice used in hospitals around the world. Independence is recommended as the key to effectiveness. Independent double-checking (IDC) requires each nurse to separately check the five rights (eg, right drug, dose). There is no empirical evidence that IDC is more effective in error detection than a single-nurse check.

OBJECTIVES: To compare the effectiveness of IDC versus single-checking in detecting medication errors during administration, assess the time required and explore factors influencing performance, including nurse experience and social dynamics.

METHODS: A multicentre randomised controlled simulation trial with 82 nurses from two paediatric hospitals. Forty-one 2-hour simulations each involved two nurses exposed to single-checking and IDC conditions administering medication sets containing embedded errors. Condition order and medication sets were randomised. Primary outcomes were error detection and time taken. Multivariable models compared primary outcomes by condition. Secondary analyses examined the influence of nurse experience and social loafing, defined as reduced individual performance when working in pairs. Social loafing was assessed by comparing error detection performance when nurses single-checked with error detection in the role of first checker in IDC.

RESULTS: Across 1160 dose administrations with 640 error detection opportunities, nurses detected 72.2% (95% CI 68.6 to 75.5) of errors. Overall, IDC yielded an 11% higher error detection rate than single-checking (adjusted incident rate ratio (aIRR): 1.11, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.21; p=0.02; 77.7% (95% CI 72.9 to 81.9) for IDC vs 66.3% (95% CI 60.9 to 71.4) for single checks). However, this benefit was limited to experienced nurses. Among early career nurses (<5 years clinical experience), IDC produced no significant improvement in error detection (aIRR: 0.98, 95% CI 0.86 to 1.11; p=0.7; IDC 67.0% (95% CI 57.3 to 75.4) vs single checking 73.0% (95% CI 63.6 to 80.7) error detection). In contrast, experienced nurses showed a 26% improvement in error detection with IDC (aIRR 1.26, 95% CI 1.11 to 1.44; p<0.001; IDC 82.5% (95% CI 77.0 to 86.8) vs single-checking 63.2% (95% CI 56.5 to 69.4)). Evidence of social loafing was observed, particularly among early career nurses whose error detection performance was 26.0% higher when single-checking compared with their performance in the role of first checker in IDC. IDC required significantly more time per medication set (mean difference 4.96 min (95% CI 2.10 to 7.83; p<0.001)).

CONCLUSIONS: IDC improved error detection for experienced nurses, but not for early career nurses. Given its inconsistent benefits, resource demands and susceptibility to social loafing, IDC may be unsuitable as a universal safety strategy. Strengthening single-checking competence and supporting clinical judgement may offer a more effective, scalable approach to improving medication safety.},
}

@article {pmid41825139,
year = {2026},
author = {Icht, M and Tayar, M and Mikulincer, M and Taitelbaum-Swead, R and Ben-David, BM},
title = {Parent-therapist therapeutic alliance - a neglected factor in pediatric speech-language intervention: A longitudinal study.},
journal = {Journal of communication disorders},
volume = {121},
number = {},
pages = {106637},
doi = {10.1016/j.jcomdis.2026.106637},
pmid = {41825139},
issn = {1873-7994},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The therapeutic alliance (TA) has been widely used to explain variations in psychotherapy, but its role in pediatric speech-language therapy remains underexplored.

AIMS: This longitudinal study examined whether the TA between speech-language therapists (SLTs) and parents of children undergoing speech-language intervention predicted therapeutic outcomes and whether it moderated the effects of parental psychological factors.

METHODS: Forty-one parents of children aged 3-12 years and 12 SLTs participated in a 12-week intervention. SLTs rated child disorder severity at onset, TA after two sessions, and therapeutic outcomes at completion. At the onset of therapy, parents completed measures of caregiving style, perceptions of their child, and child-related emotions. Hierarchical regression models assessed predictors of therapeutic outcomes, and moderation analyses tested interactions between TA and parental variables.

RESULTS: Background variables explained 18% of the variance in therapeutic outcomes. Adding parental psychological variables increased the explained variance to 40%, and including TA significantly increased it to 50%. Stronger TA predicted better therapeutic outcomes, while greater disorder severity, compulsive caregiving, and highly positive parental perceptions of the child predicted poorer outcomes. Importantly, the moderation analysis indicated that a strong TA buffered the negative impact of compulsive caregiving on therapeutic outcomes.

CONCLUSIONS: Findings underscore the role of early parent-SLT alliance in promoting therapeutic success and mitigating the negative effects of intrusive parenting. Clinicians should prioritize building a strong TA with parents and address parental psychological factors as part of pediatric speech-language therapy. Future research should include parent-reported alliance and independent outcome measures, in longitudinal multi-informant designs.},
}

@article {pmid41823999,
year = {2026},
author = {Mercado-Evans, V and Levett, K and Diwan, AH and Huttenbach, Y},
title = {Radiation-Induced Angiosarcoma of the Breast With Diffuse GATA-3 Positivity: A Possible Diagnostic Pitfall.},
journal = {The American Journal of dermatopathology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1097/DAD.0000000000003270},
pmid = {41823999},
issn = {1533-0311},
abstract = {Radiation-induced angiosarcomas of the breast are rare malignancies that carry a poor prognosis. Expected immunohistochemical profiles reflect vascular differentiation: CD31 and ERG positivity, with variable CD34 positivity. GATA-3 is a transcription factor important for mammary gland development, playing a role in ductal epithelial cell differentiation. It serves as an important immunohistochemical marker of breast-origin carcinomas and is not associated with angiosarcomas. We report a case of an 83-year-old woman with breast radiation-induced angiosarcoma, which displayed diffuse GATA-3 positivity, which has not been previously reported in the literature. The patient had a history of inflammatory carcinoma of the left breast (histologically a high-grade invasive ductal carcinoma of no special type) treated with lumpectomy and radiation therapy. Ten years later, she presented with skin thickening and 3 tender nodules (ranging from 0.6 to 2 cm) confined to the left breast skin. Biopsy showed a high-grade, epithelioid dermal neoplasm with abundant hemorrhage. The tumor was diffusely positive for GATA-3, CD31, and ERG, with focal CD34 positivity. Strong and diffuse MYC positivity with an increased Ki-67 proliferative index was also demonstrated. CK5/6, AE1/AE3, MOC-31, CK5/6, CK7, ER, PR, S100, Melan A, and synaptophysin were all negative. The histopathologic features and immunohistochemical profile were consistent with radiation-induced angiosarcoma. With this case, we highlight a diffusely positive GATA-3 staining pattern in radiation-induced angiosarcoma of the breast, which has not been previously documented. Awareness of this potential staining pitfall is essential for arriving at the correct diagnosis particularly when recurrent or metastatic high-grade carcinoma is a diagnostic consideration.},
}

@article {pmid41822488,
year = {2026},
author = {Song, C and Quan, Y and Shan, Y and Chen, Y and Du, J and Li, K and Li, N},
title = {Prognostic significance and regulatory role of ACOT7 in the tumor immune microenvironment of breast invasive ductal carcinoma: a multi-omics analysis.},
journal = {Frontiers in immunology},
volume = {17},
number = {},
pages = {1735908},
pmid = {41822488},
issn = {1664-3224},
mesh = {Humans ; *Tumor Microenvironment/immunology/genetics ; Female ; *Breast Neoplasms/immunology/genetics/mortality/pathology/metabolism ; Prognosis ; *Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/immunology/genetics/mortality/pathology/metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; *Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics ; Protein Interaction Maps ; *Thiolester Hydrolases/genetics/metabolism ; Computational Biology/methods ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Kaplan-Meier Estimate ; Multiomics ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Invasive Ductal Carcinoma (IDC), which is the most common histological subtype of breast cancer, is highly aggressive and progresses rapidly. Acyl-CoA thioesterase 7 (ACOT7) is a key regulator of cell survival, the cell cycle, and lipid and glucose metabolism. However, the mechanism of ACOT7 in IDC is still unclear. Our study aims to investigate the clinical significance of ACOT7 in IDC.

METHODS: A comparative analysis of ACOT7 expression in IDC and matched normal tissues was performed using the limma R package on datasets from GEO and TCGA. Prognostic evaluation was conducted using Kaplan-Meier survival curves from the Kaplan-Meier plotter. Furthermore, a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of ACOT7 was constructed by GeneMANIA, and the correlation between ACOT7 expression and the level of tumor immune infiltration was explored via the TIMER database. In order to further analyze the biological functions of ACOT7, we performed Gene Ontology (GO) analysis, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis, and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) using the clusterProfiler package. To validate this, we profiled ACOT7 mRNA expression across clinical samples (tumor and adjacent normal) and in vitro models (cell lines) via Real-Time quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-qPCR).

RESULTS: Bioinformatic analysis of public databases revealed that ACOT7 mRNA expression was significantly upregulated in IDC patients compared to normal tissues. Elevated ACOT7 expression was associated with poorer overall survival, a finding further validated in cell lines and clinical tissue samples. Furthermore, ACOT7 transcriptional levels showed a significant correlation with the degree of tumor immune infiltration. Functional enrichment analysis indicated that ACOT7 is primarily involved in cancer-related regulation, autoimmune diseases, and multiple metabolic pathways.

CONCLUSION: Our study indicates that elevated ACOT7 expression is a significant marker of adverse clinical outcomes. This effect it likely mediated through the remodeling of the tumor immune microenvironment and the reprogramming of metabolic pathways, which collectively fuel the malignant procession of IDC. These results provide a solid theoretical foundation for targeting ACOT7 as both a prognostic biomarker and a potential therapeutic target in IDC.},
}

Humans
*Tumor Microenvironment/immunology/genetics
Female
*Breast Neoplasms/immunology/genetics/mortality/pathology/metabolism
Prognosis
*Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/immunology/genetics/mortality/pathology/metabolism
Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
*Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
Protein Interaction Maps
*Thiolester Hydrolases/genetics/metabolism
Computational Biology/methods
Gene Expression Profiling
Kaplan-Meier Estimate
Multiomics

@article {pmid41821903,
year = {2026},
author = {Liu, Y and Duan, X and Zheng, Z and Cheng, G and Zhang, X and Zhao, J},
title = {Case Report: long-term survival of a male patient with breast cancer complicated by lung adenocarcinoma treated with individualized therapy.},
journal = {Frontiers in oncology},
volume = {16},
number = {},
pages = {1780512},
pmid = {41821903},
issn = {2234-943X},
abstract = {Male breast cancer (MBC) is a rare malignant tumor with unique clinical characteristics, accounting for only approximately 1% of all breast cancer cases. Although its pathological features are similar to those of female breast cancer (FBC), significant differences exist in the clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and prognosis of MBC. This article reports a case of a male patient with stage IV lung cancer complicated by invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast, which is extremely rare in MBC. The particularity of this case lies in the sequential occurrence of two malignant tumors, highlighting the importance of early identification of MBC to improve the overall prognosis of patients. Through detailed analysis of this case, we found that the potential pathogenic mechanism of MBC needs further investigation, and clinicians must maintain a high degree of vigilance when evaluating patients with existing malignant tumors to promptly identify potential coexisting tumors. We call for enhanced awareness of MBC in clinical practice to achieve early diagnosis and treatment, thereby improving patient survival rates.},
}

@article {pmid41821026,
year = {2026},
author = {Möser, C and Prystupa, K and Schön, M and Yurchenko, I and Bódis, KB and Huttasch, M and Michelotti, F and Kupriyanova, Y and Schrauwen-Hinderling, V and Granata, C and Bönhof, GJ and Strom, A and Herder, C and Dörr, D and Trenkamp, S and Heilmann, G and Bobrov, P and Straßburger, K and Szendroedi, J and Cramer, M and Polzin, A and Jung, C and Kelm, M and Burkart, V and Wagner, R and Roden, M and Zaharia, OP},
title = {Cohort profile: The DIabetes and ST-segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction (DISTEMI) Study.},
journal = {Cardiovascular diabetology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1186/s12933-026-03097-0},
pmid = {41821026},
issn = {1475-2840},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Humans with type 2 diabetes and/or metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) are at higher risk of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and worse prognosis. However, mechanisms, prognostic factors and risk subtypes in humans with STEMI and (pre)diabetes with or without MASLD, are not fully understood.

METHODS: The DIabetes and ST-segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction (DISTEMI) study is a prospective longitudinal cohort study, recruiting humans with different degrees of glucose tolerance after recent STEMI. This cohort study has the primary objective to detect changes in glycemia and insulin sensitivity derived from the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and their relationships to cardiac function. Secondary objectives address tissue-specific insulin sensitivity and organ function, focusing on adipose tissue, liver and heart. Exploratory objectives comprise multiomic analyses and measures of mitochondrial function and quality of life. At 2 and 12 months after STEMI, participants undergo comprehensive cardiometabolic phenotyping (OGTT, modified Botnia clamp-test, magnetic resonance imaging/spectroscopy/elastography, high-resolution respirometry). Magnetic resonance-based techniques are employed to assess cardiovascular function and structure, adipose tissue distribution, skeletal muscle and hepatic lipid deposition and fibrosis, and hepatic energy metabolism. Exploratory analyses include multiomics of blood, urine, and stool samples. Multiomics analyses shall allow detecting biomarkers for stratification of cardiovascular disease risk. Currently, 100 participants have been included in DISTEMI, of whom 29% have type 2 diabetes.

CONCLUSION: The DISTEMI study integrates comprehensive cardiometabolic phenomic with multiomic profiling to identify cardiometabolic STEMI subtypes and predictors of outcomes, and to improve precision risk stratification and targeted prevention.

TRIAL REGISTRATION: NCT05046483.},
}

@article {pmid41819611,
year = {2026},
author = {Wobker, SE and Williamson, SR and Kenigsberg, A and Muthusamy, S and Smith, SC},
title = {Intraductal histiocytes as a simulant of intraductal carcinoma of the prostate.},
journal = {American journal of clinical pathology},
volume = {165},
number = {3},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/ajcp/aqag004},
pmid = {41819611},
issn = {1943-7722},
mesh = {Humans ; Male ; *Prostatic Neoplasms/pathology/diagnosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Aged ; Middle Aged ; *Histiocytes/pathology ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Immunohistochemistry ; *Carcinoma, Ductal/pathology/diagnosis ; Aged, 80 and over ; *Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/pathology/diagnosis ; },
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Contemporary reporting guidelines require assessment for intraductal carcinoma of the prostate (IDC-P), given its recognition as an adverse prognostic factor. While several benign and malignant mimickers of intraductal carcinoma have been reported and studied, the potential for intraductal aggregates of histiocytes to simulate or complicate assessment of this process has not been addressed in the literature.

METHODS: The authors performed a retrospective multi-institutional review of challenging prostate lesions in which intraductal histiocytic aggregates simulated involvement by IDC-P. Pathology reports and slides were reviewed by 3 fellowship-trained genitourinary pathologists, and clinicopathologic features, immunohistochemistry use, and relative difficulty of the diagnosis were assessed.

RESULTS: A total of 47 cases of intraductal histiocytes simulating IDC-P were identified, including 27 needle biopsy, 9 transurethral resection, and 6 radical prostatectomy cases. Overall, 19 cases showed histiocytic aggregates in cases with carcinoma, while 28 occurred in otherwise benign settings. Immunohistochemistry was performed in 14 cases for resolution of the diagnosis. When categorized by the authors in terms of difficulty of the diagnosis, 20 of 47 cases were considered "moderate" or "difficult."

CONCLUSIONS: Based on their solid appearance spanning an intact duct, aggregates of histiocytes within prostatic ducts may closely simulate IDC-P. Given the prognostic significance of IDC-P, this potential pitfall merits consideration and targeted use of immunohistochemistry in challenging cases.},
}

Humans
Male
*Prostatic Neoplasms/pathology/diagnosis
Retrospective Studies
Aged
Middle Aged
*Histiocytes/pathology
Diagnosis, Differential
Immunohistochemistry
*Carcinoma, Ductal/pathology/diagnosis
Aged, 80 and over
*Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/pathology/diagnosis

@article {pmid41818097,
year = {2026},
author = {Potu, SR and Gumdal, V and Koppaka, D and Natti, HS and Rapole, PS and Syed, TAH},
title = {Clinicopathological Spectrum and Biomarker Profile of Male Breast Cancer: A Retrospective Study from a Tertiary Care Center in South India.},
journal = {The Journal of the Association of Physicians of India},
volume = {74},
number = {3},
pages = {56-58},
doi = {10.59556/japi.74.1427},
pmid = {41818097},
issn = {0004-5772},
mesh = {Humans ; *Breast Neoplasms, Male/pathology/therapy/diagnosis/metabolism ; Retrospective Studies ; Male ; India/epidemiology ; Middle Aged ; Adult ; Aged ; *Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism ; Tertiary Care Centers ; Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases/metabolism ; Neoplasm Staging ; },
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Male breast cancer (MBC) accounts for <1% of breast malignancies yet often presents at advanced stages, particularly in low- and middle-income countries where awareness is limited. This study sought to define the clinicopathological spectrum, biomarker profile, and treatment outcomes of MBC in a South Indian tertiary cancer center.

OBJECTIVES: To analyze the demographic features, clinical presentation, pathological characteristics, biomarker distribution, treatment modalities, and outcomes of MBC cases managed at our center between 2019 and 2025.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed all male patients with histologically confirmed breast carcinoma managed between 2019 and 2025 at ESIC Medical College and Hospital, Hyderabad. Demographic, clinical, pathological, biomarker, and treatment data were retrieved from hospital records and supplemented by follow-up contact.

RESULTS: A total of 15 patients (mean age 60 years, range 31-74) were identified. Median delay from symptom onset to diagnosis was 6 months. All presented with a retroareolar mass, frequently accompanied by nipple retraction or skin changes. Most patients had advanced disease: Stage III (n = 9, 60.0%) and Stage IV (n = 4, 26.7%). Invasive ductal carcinoma was universal. Hormone receptor positivity was seen in 80%, HER2 positivity in 40%, and a triple-positive phenotype in 26.7%. Treatment strategies were stage- and biomarker-driven: 86.7% underwent surgery, endocrine therapy was prescribed for all HR+ cases, HER2-directed therapy was delivered when feasible, and CDK4/6 inhibitors were used in selected advanced HR+ tumors. At last follow-up, 9 patients (60%) remained alive with disease control, while 2 succumbed to progression.

CONCLUSION: MBC in this cohort was characterized by delayed diagnosis, advanced presentation, and a high prevalence of HER2-positive tumors. Multimodality, biomarker-guided therapy achieved durable control in many patients, underscoring the urgent need for awareness initiatives, earlier detection, and equitable access to targeted therapies in India.},
}

Humans
*Breast Neoplasms, Male/pathology/therapy/diagnosis/metabolism
Retrospective Studies
Male
India/epidemiology
Middle Aged
Adult
Aged
*Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
Tertiary Care Centers
Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases/metabolism
Neoplasm Staging

@article {pmid41817646,
year = {2026},
author = {Khattak, A and Khan, S and Nauman, F and Sabeen, I and Khan, A},
title = {Association of genetic variation in TLR4 and TLR9 genes with susceptibility to invasive ductal breast carcinoma.},
journal = {Molecular biology reports},
volume = {53},
number = {1},
pages = {},
pmid = {41817646},
issn = {1573-4978},
}

@article {pmid41817380,
year = {2026},
author = {Kane, BL and Gouldman, KP and Yu, JL},
title = {Characterizing inspiratory duty cycle compensation to flow limited breathing during drug-induced sleep endoscopy in obstructive sleep apnea.},
journal = {Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985)},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1152/japplphysiol.01076.2025},
pmid = {41817380},
issn = {1522-1601},
support = {UL1TR002378//HHS | NIH | National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS)/ ; KL2TR002381//HHS | NIH | National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS)/ ; 11-SRG-24//Sleep Research Society (SRS)/ ; },
abstract = {Rationale: Inspiratory duty cycle (IDC), the fraction of inspiratory time relative to total breath duration, serves as an adaptive response to flow limited ventilation in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). IDC compensation remains incompletely characterized in the context of OSA pathophysiology. We studied the relationship of IDC and flow-limited breathing in OSA during drug induced sleep endoscopy (DISE). Methods: Eighty-two adults with OSA underwent DISE with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) titration. Airflow (VI), tidal volume (TV), and IDC were measured across varying levels of flow-limited breathing. Airway collapsibility was assessed by pharyngeal opening (Popen) and critical closing pressures (Pcrit). IDC compensation was quantified as the slope of IDC versus normalized TV (%PopenTV), representing the degree of IDC increase to declining ventilation. Patients were classified as high versus low IDC compensators based on this slope metric and differences in Popen and Pcrit were compared between groups. Results: As CPAP increased from flow-limited to non-flow-limited breathing, IDC decreased by 20% while TV and ventilation more than doubled. IDC compensation varied among subjects with stronger compensators exhibiting higher airway collapsibility (Popen = 10.2 vs. 8.2cmH2O; p = 0.01, Pcrit = 4.2 vs. 3.0cmH2O; p = 0.03). Conclusions: IDC compensation reflects a physiological response that helps maintain ventilation under flow-limited conditions. Greater airway collapsibility was associated with stronger IDC compensation, reflecting the capacity of the respiratory system to tolerate increased mechanical load. DISE provides a unique experimental platform to quantify ventilatory timing responses, advancing our mechanistic understanding of respiratory compensation in OSA.},
}

@article {pmid41815159,
year = {2026},
author = {Liu, J and Li, X and Li, Z and Zhang, R and Li, X and Feng, K and Zhang, W and He, J and Zhang, H},
title = {Development and validation of a ferroptosis-related gene signature for prognostic prediction and therapeutic target identification in invasive lobular carcinoma.},
journal = {Translational cancer research},
volume = {15},
number = {2},
pages = {105},
pmid = {41815159},
issn = {2219-6803},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) accounts for 15% of breast cancers and presents challenges such as chemotherapy resistance and poorer survival outcomes compared to other subtypes. While often managed similarly to invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC), ILC requires tailored approaches due to its distinct biology. Ferroptosis, an iron-dependent form of cell death, shows potential in overcoming therapeutic resistance but remains unexplored in ILC. This study aimed to identify ferroptosis-related molecular subtypes, develop a robust gene signature using machine learning, construct an integrated prognostic model, and uncover potential therapeutic targets for ILC.

METHODS: This study integrated data from a total of 490 patients with ILC across four datasets from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Molecular Taxonomy of Breast Cancer International Consortium (METABRIC), and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). The TCGA cohort was utilized for model development, while the remaining cohorts served for independent external validation. ILC samples were classified into two subtypes based on the expression levels of ferroptosis-related genes via consensus clustering. The associations between the subtypes and the tumor microenvironment (TME), biological function, and mutation were assessed. A ferroptosis-related gene signature (FRGS) was developed using the integration of machine learning. A prediction model was subsequently constructed by combining the FRGS with clinical features. Sensitivity analysis and molecular docking were used to identify potentially effective targets and drugs.

RESULTS: We identified two ferroptosis-related subtypes and found that Cluster 2 had increased immune cell infiltration. By integrating machine learning, we identified 10 hub biomarkers of ILC and developed a FRGS. The FRGS was proven to be an independent risk factor for overall survival. Combining the FRGS with clinical features, a stable and superior ILC prognostic model was constructed. Sensitivity analysis and molecular docking revealed that KLRB1 and SERPINB5 are hypothesis-generating targets and that rapamycin and AZD5582 are hypothesis-generating drug candidates for the treatment of ILC.

CONCLUSIONS: By integrating multi-omics analysis, machine learning and molecular docking, we established a robust prognostic model for ILC, revealed two distinct ferroptosis-related molecular subtypes, and identified potential therapeutic targets and candidate drugs. These findings may help advance the development of personalized medicine and targeted therapies for ILC.},
}

@article {pmid41814294,
year = {2026},
author = {Ding, H and Dong, Z},
title = {A novel multimodal framework integrating pathomics, deep learning, and machine learning for breast cancer histological grades classification.},
journal = {Diagnostic pathology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1186/s13000-026-01769-9},
pmid = {41814294},
issn = {1746-1596},
}

@article {pmid41809087,
year = {2026},
author = {Matsutani, T and Nishiwaki, N and Kakishita, T and Kobatake, T and Ohta, K and Hato, S},
title = {Ascitic Fluid Cytology Provides Diagnostic Clues in a Case of Gastric Metastasis from Invasive Lobular Carcinoma of the Breast.},
journal = {Surgical case reports},
volume = {12},
number = {1},
pages = {},
pmid = {41809087},
issn = {2198-7793},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Breast cancer metastasis to the gastrointestinal tract is rare, and invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) shows a higher propensity for dissemination than invasive ductal carcinoma. Accurate diagnosis is often challenging because of nonspecific clinical and pathological findings.

CASE PRESENTATION: A 53-year-old woman presented to our hospital with a diagnosis of gastric cancer discovered during gastrointestinal cancer screening. Fourteen years earlier, she had undergone a right mastectomy for ILC and subsequently received treatment for local recurrence and bone metastasis. The gastric lesion was initially diagnosed as primary gastric cancer, and adjuvant chemotherapy was administered after gastrectomy. However, postoperative ascites gradually worsened. Five years after gastrectomy, cytological examination of the ascites revealed tumor cells positive for GATA3 and estrogen receptor, and negative for E-cadherin, leading to a diagnosis of peritoneal metastasis from breast cancer.ILC is characterized by a loss of E-cadherin and diffuse metastatic patterns, including peritoneal and gastric involvement. This case highlights the diagnostic difficulty of differentiating primary gastric cancer from metastatic breast cancer. Although tumor markers and imaging suggested gastric cancer recurrence, cytological examination revealed otherwise. Ascitic fluid cytology is essential for definitive diagnosis, emphasizing its diagnostic value for patients with ambiguous gastric lesions and a history of breast cancer.

CONCLUSIONS: Metastasis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients with prior breast cancer presenting with gastric lesions. Ascitic fluid cytology can be a useful adjunct for an accurate diagnosis, guiding appropriate treatment, and avoiding unnecessary interventions.},
}

@article {pmid41804625,
year = {2025},
author = {Vasari, L and Špoljarić Carević, S and Tomić Babić, L and Bakula, M},
title = {A Rare Case of Paraneoplastic Raynaud's Phenomenon and Uveal Melanoma.},
journal = {Acta dermatovenerologica Croatica : ADC},
volume = {33},
number = {2},
pages = {89-91},
pmid = {41804625},
issn = {1847-6538},
mesh = {Humans ; *Melanoma/complications/diagnosis ; *Raynaud Disease/etiology/diagnosis ; Middle Aged ; Female ; Uveal Melanoma ; *Uveal Neoplasms/complications/diagnosis ; *Paraneoplastic Syndromes ; },
abstract = {Raynaud's phenomenon (RP) presents as acral skin pallor, cyanosis, and erythema, usually after cold exposure or emotional stress. Symptoms of RP affect 3-5% of the general population, with the incidence four times higher in women than in men. Paraneoplastic RP is extremely rare and is thought to involve plasma hyperviscosity and blood hypercoagulability, which are present in patients with malignant diseases. Paraneoplastic RP often presents abruptly and, besides changes in skin color, it includes erosions, ulcerations, and necrosis, resulting in severe pain. We present a case of a 62-year-old female patient who suddenly developed symptoms of RP, characterized by periodic skin pallor without erosions or associated pain in all fingers, lasting 10-15 minutes after cold exposure. She was diagnosed with uveal melanoma three months prior and was also in a 14-year remission from invasive ductal carcinoma. Investigations confirmed positive antinuclear antibodies (ANA) with PCNA (proliferating cell nuclear antigen) and myositis-specific antibodies including anti-Jo, anti-mitochondrial antibody (AMA-M2), and anti-benzylpenicilloyl antibody (BPO).},
}

Humans
*Melanoma/complications/diagnosis
*Raynaud Disease/etiology/diagnosis
Middle Aged
Female
Uveal Melanoma
*Uveal Neoplasms/complications/diagnosis
*Paraneoplastic Syndromes

@article {pmid41804392,
year = {2026},
author = {Meyer, MS and Goodson, M and Eggert-Cichocki, SR and Frimodig, B and Sawan, H and Zakaria, K},
title = {Bannwarth Syndrome in a Patient With Early-Stage Breast Cancer: An Atypical Manifestation of Lyme Neuroborreliosis.},
journal = {Cureus},
volume = {18},
number = {2},
pages = {e103078},
pmid = {41804392},
issn = {2168-8184},
abstract = {Neurological symptoms in breast cancer patients can arise from metastasis, medication side effects, or underlying neurodegenerative conditions. When imaging is inconclusive, the more uncommon immune-mediated neuropathies should be considered. Guillain-Barré syndrome and Lyme neuroborreliosis are two immune-mediated conditions that share neurological findings. This case involves a 72-year-old Caucasian female who presented with early-stage invasive ductal carcinoma with neuroendocrine features and gradual bilateral upper extremity weakness and paresthesia. Surgery was uncomplicated, but in the subacute postoperative period, the patient developed progressive worsening of neck and scapular pain, left upper extremity weakness, right-hand paresthesia, and decreased right-hand dexterity. Cervical spine MRI and CT scans of the head and neck areas were insignificant. Leukocytosis, mild hyponatremia, and elevated C-reactive protein were found on laboratory workup. The initial differential diagnosis included paraneoplastic syndromes; however, given the inconclusive imaging, immune-mediated neuropathies, including Lyme neuroborreliosis, were prioritized. A lumbar puncture established the diagnosis of Lyme neuroborreliosis presenting as Bannwarth syndrome, also known as lymphocytic meningoradiculitis. Acute or subacute neurological decline in oncology patients should prompt consideration of paraneoplastic and infectious immune-mediated neurological disorders. Despite its rarity in the United States, Bannwarth syndrome should be considered as a paraneoplastic neuropathy mimic, especially with inflammatory cerebrospinal fluid findings.},
}

@article {pmid41800043,
year = {2026},
author = {Zhong, S and Xu, H and Ye, X and Xu, Y and Fan, Z},
title = {Co-existence of fibroadenoma, intraductal carcinoma and invasive ductal carcinoma in the unilateral breast mass: a case report and literature review.},
journal = {Frontiers in oncology},
volume = {16},
number = {},
pages = {1727815},
pmid = {41800043},
issn = {2234-943X},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Fibroadenoma is the most common benign breast tumor. However, the coexistence of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) within single breast fibroadenomas is rare.

CASE DESCRIPTION: A 71-year-old woman presented with a palpable mass in her left breast, and she had a history of right-side breast cancer, which had been treated 16 years ago. Invasive ductal carcinoma was confirmed through core needle biopsy. She subsequently underwent left breast mastectomy with sentinel lymph node biopsy. Postoperative pathological examination revealed two fibroadenomas: the larger one coexisted with IDC and focal DCIS, and the small one coexisted with high-grade DCIS. Immunohistochemical analysis showed positive expression of estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR), but negative expression of Her-2, demonstrating a Luminal B1 subtype (clinical stage IA). She had completed the adjuvant chemotherapy and currently received endocrine therapy. No recurrence was found during the follow-up examinations.

CONCLUSION: Coexistence of fibroadenoma, DCIS and IDC in unilateral breast mass is rare, highlighting the importance of comprehensive preoperative evaluation, optimal surgical strategy and accurate histopathological examination.},
}

@article {pmid41796902,
year = {2026},
author = {El-Merahbi, R and Karagiannakou, V and Kardinal, R and Seep, L and Lindner, R and Jäckstein, MY and Hildebrand, S and Hasic, M and Korkmaz, E and Jha, AK and Krokidi, AT and Dyar, K and Meissner, F and Grein, S and Heeren, J and Klingenspor, M and Pfeifer, A and Hasenauer, J and Wachten, D and Herzig, S and Georgiadi, A},
title = {Endothelial ADGRF5(GPR116) governs vascular adaptation required for sustained thermogenic remodeling of brown adipose tissue.},
journal = {Molecular metabolism},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {102346},
doi = {10.1016/j.molmet.2026.102346},
pmid = {41796902},
issn = {2212-8778},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Brown adipose tissue (BAT) dissipates energy via non-shivering thermogenesis, but durable thermogenic benefit requires sustained cold remodeling that stabilizes a cold-adapted tissue state. While most studies have focused on adipocyte-intrinsic pathways that drive acute activation, how stromal niche cells-particularly the vasculature-sense and coordinate long-term adaptation remains poorly defined. Because GPCRs are key sensors of extracellular and neurohumoral cues, we mapped GPCR expression across mouse and human BAT at single-nucleus resolution and identified adhesion GPCRs as a prominent family enriched in vascular cells, with endothelial ADGRF5(GPR116) emerging as a leading candidate regulator.

METHODS: Single-nucleus RNA sequencing of mouse and human BAT was used to map GPCR expression across cell types. Global, inducible endothelial-specific, and adipocyte-specific ADGRF5(GPR116) knockout mouse models were each challenged with acute and prolonged cold exposure. Endothelial and adipocyte states were analyzed using single-nucleus RNA sequencing transcriptional profiling, functional vascular assays, and cell-cell communication modeling.

RESULTS: Endothelial deletion of ADGRF5(GPR116) impaired the ability of mice to sustain thermogenesis during prolonged cold exposure, whereas adipocyte-specific deletion did not affect thermogenic capacity in vivo. Loss of endothelial ADGRF5(GPR116) did not alter endothelial cell abundance, but induced endothelial transcriptional reprogramming characterized by disrupted quiescent remodeling programs, shifts in endothelial state with EndMT-like features, and context-dependent alterations in barrier-associated pathways, occurring in the absence of immune cell infiltration or overt fibrosis. Adipocyte reclustering revealed a failure to acquire a fully cold-adapted thermogenic state, with thermogenically inefficient programs and adrenergic hyporesponsiveness, despite preserved sympathetic input. CellChat and NicheNet analyses predicted altered endothelial-derived paracrine signaling capable of reshaping adipocyte identity.

CONCLUSION: Endothelial ADGRF5(GPR116) is a critical regulator of vascular adaptation during sustained cold exposure and supports full acquisition of the thermogenic adipocyte state through endothelial identity and paracrine signaling.},
}

@article {pmid38523415,
year = {2024},
author = {Seth, A and Slama, EM},
title = {Delayed Diagnosis of Inflammatory Breast Cancer Presenting as Acute Mastitis in a Patient One Month Postpartum.},
journal = {The American surgeon},
volume = {90},
number = {7},
pages = {1925-1927},
doi = {10.1177/00031348241241736},
pmid = {38523415},
issn = {1555-9823},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; Adult ; *Mastitis/diagnosis/etiology ; *Inflammatory Breast Neoplasms/diagnosis ; *Delayed Diagnosis ; *Postpartum Period ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Acute Disease ; },
abstract = {Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is a rare yet aggressive form of invasive ductal carcinoma, with a poor prognosis and decreased 5-year survival rates. Characteristic findings for IBC include rapid onset of breast edema, peau d'orange appearance, and involvement of the breast skin. Additionally, diagnosis is confirmed with a skin punch biopsy. With such nonspecific features, IBC can be mistaken for benign etiologies, causing delays in diagnosis and treatment. This patient is a 44-year-old woman presenting with left breast swelling while concurrently breastfeeding. Following antibiotic treatment but no symptom resolution, the patient was referred out for further follow-up. Despite multiple imaging studies, suggesting benign findings, clinical suspicion prompted continued evaluation and finally diagnosis of triple-negative inflammatory breast cancer with distant metastases. Further awareness of the presentation of IBC and its mimicking of other disease processes such as mastitis is paramount to earlier detection and improved outcomes in future patients.},
}

Humans
Female
Adult
*Mastitis/diagnosis/etiology
*Inflammatory Breast Neoplasms/diagnosis
*Delayed Diagnosis
*Postpartum Period
Diagnosis, Differential
Acute Disease

@article {pmid28507543,
year = {2017},
author = {Lapko, N and Zawadka, M and Polosak, J and Worthen, GS and Danet-Desnoyers, G and Puzianowska-Kuźnicka, M and Laudanski, K},
title = {Long-term Monocyte Dysfunction after Sepsis in Humanized Mice Is Related to Persisted Activation of Macrophage-Colony Stimulation Factor (M-CSF) and Demethylation of PU.1, and It Can Be Reversed by Blocking M-CSF In Vitro or by Transplanting Naïve Autologous Stem Cells In Vivo.},
journal = {Frontiers in immunology},
volume = {8},
number = {},
pages = {401},
pmid = {28507543},
issn = {1664-3224},
abstract = {The duration of post-sepsis long-term immune suppression is poorly understood. Here, we focused on the role of monocytes (MO) as the pivotal cells for long-term regulation of post-sepsis milieu. Lost ability of MO to adapt is seen in several acute conditions, but it is unclear for how long MO aberrancy post-sepsis can persist. Interestingly, the positive feedback loop sustaining secretion of macrophage-colony stimulation factor (M-CSF) can persist even after resolution of sepsis and significantly alters performance of MO. Here, we investigated the activation of M-CSF, and it as critical regulator of PU.1 in mice surviving 28 days after sepsis. Our primary readout was the ability of MO to differentiate into dendritic cells (DCs; MO→iDC) in vitro since this is one of the critical processes regulating a successful transition from innate to acquired immunity. We utilized a survival modification of the cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) model of sepsis in humanized mice. Animals were sacrificed 28 days after CLP (tCLP+28d). Untouched (CONTR) or sham-operated (SHAM) animals served as controls. Some animals received rescue from stem cells originally used for grafting 2 weeks after CLP. We found profound decrease of MO→iDC in the humanized mice 28 days after sepsis, demonstrated by depressed expression of CD1a, CD83, and CD209, diminished production of IL-12p70, and depressed ability to stimulate T cells in mice after CLP as compared to SHAM or CONTR. In vitro defect in MO→iDC was accompanied by in vivo decrease of BDCA-3[+] endogenous circulating DC. Interestingly, post-CLP MO had persistent activation of M-CSF pathway, shown by exaggerated secretion of M-CSF, activation of PU.1, and demethylation of SPII. Neutralization of the M-CSF in vitro reversed the post-CLP MO→iDC aberration. Furthermore, transplantation of naïve, autologous stem cell-derived MO restored CLP-deteriorated ability of MO to become DC, measured as recovery of CD1a expression, enhanced production of IL-12p70, and ability of IL-4 and GM-CSF MO to stimulate allogeneic T cells. Our results suggest the role of epigenetic mediated M-CSF aberration in mediating post-sepsis immune system recovery.},
}

@article {pmid26197043,
year = {2015},
author = {Laudanski, K and Qing, M and Oszkiel, H and Zawadka, M and Lapko, N and Nowak, Z and Worthen, GS},
title = {Ketamine affects in vitro differentiation of monocyte into immature dendritic cells.},
journal = {Anesthesiology},
volume = {123},
number = {3},
pages = {628-641},
doi = {10.1097/ALN.0000000000000783},
pmid = {26197043},
issn = {1528-1175},
mesh = {Anesthetics, Dissociative/*pharmacology ; Cell Differentiation/*drug effects/physiology ; Cells, Cultured ; Dendritic Cells/*drug effects/metabolism ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Humans ; Inflammation Mediators/metabolism ; Ketamine/*pharmacology ; Monocytes/*drug effects/metabolism ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Monocytes (MOs) have the unique ability to differentiate into immature dendritic cells (iDCs) (MO→iDC) under the influence of interleukin-4 and granulocyte-monocyte colony-stimulating factor (IL-4&GM-CSF). In this study, the authors investigated the influence of ketamine on the process of MO→iDC.

METHODS: iDCs were cultured from MO obtained from 36 subjects in the presence of IL-4 and GM-CSF and ketamine at 100, 10, and 1 μg/ml for 5 days. In some of the experiments, the authors used nonspecific N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist MK-801, NMDA, or a neutralizing antibody for transforming growth factor β (TGFβ). The expression of surface markers and functional assays were used to assess the effect of ketamine on IL-4&GM-CSF-stimulated MO. IL-4&GM-CSF-stimulated MO's supernatants were assessed for cytokine levels.

RESULTS: Ketamine at 10 μg/ml, and higher concentrations, diminished the expression of CD1a on IL-4&GM-CSF-stimulated MO and retarded both their ability to process DQ ovalbumin and mixed lymphocyte reaction stimulation. The addition of ketamine to IL-4&GM-CSF-differentiated MO resulted in the persistent expression of CD14 and unchanged expression of CD86 and CD206. The phagocytic abilities of IL-4&GM-CSF-differentiated MO were not changed by ketamine. MK-801, a nonselective NMDA agonist, mimicked ketamine's effect on MO→iDC differentiation. Adding exogenous NMDA to IL-4&GM-CSF-stimulated MO in the presence of ketamine partially restored the level of CD1a. TGFβ was elevated in supernatants of IL-4&GM-CSF-stimulated MO in the presence of ketamine. Adding neutralizing TGFβ antibody or TGFβR1 blocker (SB431542) resulted in the full recovery of MO→iDC, despite the presence of ketamine.

CONCLUSIONS: Ketamine diminishes the process of MO→iDC in vitro. This is mediated via NMDA-dependent mechanisms and TGFβ.},
}

Anesthetics, Dissociative/*pharmacology
Cell Differentiation/*drug effects/physiology
Cells, Cultured
Dendritic Cells/*drug effects/metabolism
Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
Humans
Inflammation Mediators/metabolism
Ketamine/*pharmacology
Monocytes/*drug effects/metabolism

@article {pmid41795152,
year = {2026},
author = {Hibino, T and Kato, M and Tsuzuki, T and Nishikimi, T and Kimura, T and Komatsu, T and Hattori, K and Naito, Y and Sano, Y and Inoue, S and Matsuo, K and Sano, T and Kimura, T and Zennami, K and Ishida, S and Matsukawa, Y and Akamatsu, S},
title = {Total Positive Margin Length as a Novel Prognostic Indicator After Radical Prostatectomy.},
journal = {International journal of urology : official journal of the Japanese Urological Association},
volume = {33},
number = {3},
pages = {e70395},
doi = {10.1111/iju.70395},
pmid = {41795152},
issn = {1442-2042},
mesh = {Humans ; Male ; *Prostatectomy/methods ; *Prostatic Neoplasms/surgery/pathology/blood ; Retrospective Studies ; *Margins of Excision ; Middle Aged ; Aged ; Prognosis ; *Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/pathology/epidemiology/blood ; Neoplasm Grading ; *Prostate/pathology/surgery ; Risk Assessment ; Prostate-Specific Antigen/blood ; },
abstract = {OBJECTIVES: Positive surgical margins (PSMs) are associated with biochemical recurrence (BCR) following radical prostatectomy (RP). However, their prognostic significance varies, and not all patients with PSMs experience recurrence. This study aimed to evaluate whether detailed analysis of margin characteristics could improve postoperative risk stratification.

METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 1003 patients who underwent RP without neoadjuvant or adjuvant therapy. PSMs were categorized according to total PSM length (≤ 5 mm vs. > 5 mm), maximum PSM length (≥ 3 mm vs. < 3 mm), primary Gleason pattern (pGP) at PSM (pGP3 vs. pGP4-5), multifocality (single vs. multiple), and location (apex-only vs. others). Other pathological factors analyzed pathological T/N stage, ISUP grade group, and intraductal carcinoma of the prostate (IDC-P).

RESULTS: PSMs were present in 377 patients (37%), Total PSM length was 5.0 (0.1-66) mm and pGP3 was more common in apex-only PSMs. pGS, IDC-P, and PSM status were significant predictors of BCR in the entire cohort. Among margin parameters, total PSM length and pGP at the PSM were the strongest predictors. In organ-confined disease with PSM, BCR risk was significantly stratified into three groups based on total PSM length > 5 mm and pGP4-5 at the margin (0, 1, or 2; p < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS: A risk classification incorporating total PSM length and pGP at the margin improves postoperative prognostic stratification for localized prostate cancer with PSMs. In cases with multiple PSMs, total PSM length may be more informative than the maximum PSM length European Association of Urology recommended.},
}

Humans
Male
*Prostatectomy/methods
*Prostatic Neoplasms/surgery/pathology/blood
Retrospective Studies
*Margins of Excision
Middle Aged
Aged
Prognosis
*Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/pathology/epidemiology/blood
Neoplasm Grading
*Prostate/pathology/surgery
Risk Assessment
Prostate-Specific Antigen/blood

@article {pmid41777936,
year = {2026},
author = {Tashima, Y and Araki, Y and Araki, S and Tahara, Y and Tanaka, F},
title = {Exceptional and Durable Complete Response to Ado-Trastuzumab Emtansine in HER2-Positive Metastatic Breast Cancer: A Case Report.},
journal = {Cureus},
volume = {18},
number = {1},
pages = {e102669},
pmid = {41777936},
issn = {2168-8184},
abstract = {Ado-trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1) is an established treatment for patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive metastatic breast cancer who have previously received trastuzumab-based therapy. However, complete and durable responses to T-DM1 are uncommon, and long-term complete remission has rarely been reported. We report the case of a 72-year-old woman with HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer who achieved a sustained complete response following T-DM1 therapy. The patient was initially diagnosed with left breast invasive ductal carcinoma with axillary and abdominal lymph node metastases. She received first-line chemotherapy with trastuzumab, pertuzumab, and docetaxel, followed by maintenance anti-HER2 therapy and surgery for local disease control. During maintenance therapy, chest wall recurrence with rib and mediastinal lymph node involvement was detected. Re-biopsy confirmed persistent HER2 overexpression. After progression on endocrine therapy, T-DM1 was initiated. Marked tumor regression was observed on CT imaging three months after initiation of T-DM1, and complete radiological remission has been maintained for more than five years with continuous T-DM1 treatment. Adverse events were limited to mild liver dysfunction, and no clinically significant thrombocytopenia occurred. This case may represent an exceptional response to T-DM1 and highlights the potential for durable complete remission in selected patients with HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer. Further investigation is warranted to identify predictive factors for exceptional responses and to determine optimal treatment duration.},
}

@article {pmid41745694,
year = {2026},
author = {Shin, SU and Jang, M and Yun, B and Cho, SM and Choi, YY and Kim, B and Kim, MJ and Kim, SM},
title = {Comparison of Clinical Performance Between Digital Breast Tomosynthesis and MammouS-N.},
journal = {Tomography (Ann Arbor, Mich.)},
volume = {12},
number = {2},
pages = {},
pmid = {41745694},
issn = {2379-139X},
support = {Ministry of Science and ICT, Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy, Ministry of Health & Wel-fare, and Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Project Number: RS-2020-KD000001//Sun Mi Kim/ ; 06-2024-0049 from SNUBH Research Fund.//Sun Mi Kim/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; *Breast Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging/pathology ; Middle Aged ; Aged ; Adult ; Prospective Studies ; *Ultrasonography, Mammary/methods ; *Mammography/methods ; Breast/diagnostic imaging/pathology ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods ; },
abstract = {Background/Objectives: We compared the visibility of breast cancer using the newly developed standing automated breast ultrasound system (MammouS-N) and digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT), and identified factors influencing lesion visibility. Methods: We prospectively enrolled 100 women (mean age: 51.6 years; range: 26-76 years) who were diagnosed with breast cancer and were scheduled to undergo DBT between January and July 2024. They underwent DBT and an ultrasound on the same day. Two radiologists evaluated the visibility scores (0-5) of lesions corresponding to biopsy-confirmed breast cancers identified using magnetic resonance imaging. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to compare the visibility scores of cancers identified on DBT and/or MammouS-N images. Results: Among the 100 women, invasive ductal carcinoma was the most common malignancy (73%). DBT findings included negative findings (7%), masses (46%), masses with calcification (29%), calcifications only (15%), and architectural distortions (3%). On MammouS-N ultrasound, most lesions were classified as masses (93%), whereas 7% were non-mass lesions. For Reviewer 1, MammouS-N demonstrated significantly higher visibility scores (higher scores: 26 on MammouS-N, seven on DBT; equal scores: 67, z = -3.234, p = 0.001). For Reviewer 2, the two modalities showed no significant difference in visibility (higher scores: 27 on MammouS-N, 28 on DBT, equal scores: 45, z = -0.040, p = 0.968). Noncalcified lesions that were obscured on DBT were better visualized on MammouS-N (p < 0.001) by both reviewers. Conclusions: MammouS-N holds promise as an imaging modality complementary to DBT in women with dense breast tissue, particularly for non-calcified lesion detection.},
}

Humans
Female
*Breast Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging/pathology
Middle Aged
Aged
Adult
Prospective Studies
*Ultrasonography, Mammary/methods
*Mammography/methods
Breast/diagnostic imaging/pathology
Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods

@article {pmid41795110,
year = {2026},
author = {Karkeabadi, N and Omranipour, R and Nozheh, A and Farazmand, B and Esmaeilian, S},
title = {Invasive lobular carcinoma of the breast with multifocal gastrointestinal, ovarian, and peritoneal metastases: a case report.},
journal = {Journal of medical case reports},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1186/s13256-026-05952-w},
pmid = {41795110},
issn = {1752-1947},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Invasive lobular carcinoma of the breast exhibits distinct biological behavior and metastatic patterns compared with invasive ductal carcinoma, with a recognized tendency to involve unusual sites such as the gastrointestinal tract, peritoneum, and ovaries. These metastases are often clinically occult and may mimic primary gastrointestinal or gynecologic malignancies, leading to delayed diagnosis.

CASE PRESENTATION: We report the case of a 43-year-old Iranian woman with estrogen receptor-positive invasive lobular carcinoma who developed sequential multifocal metastases to the stomach, ovaries, peritoneum, rectum, and jejunum over a 9-year disease course. Initial biochemical progression, manifested by a rising serum cancer antigen 15-3 level, preceded overt radiologic or endoscopic findings. Gastric metastasis was confirmed by biopsy 6 years after primary treatment. Despite negative pelvic imaging, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy revealed occult ovarian and peritoneal metastases. Subsequent rectal and small-bowel involvement were diagnosed following new gastrointestinal symptoms. The patient was managed with multiple lines of systemic therapy and remains under active treatment with disease confined to the abdominal cavity.

CONCLUSION: This case highlights the insidious metastatic behavior of invasive lobular carcinoma and the limitations of conventional imaging in detecting gastrointestinal and ovarian involvement. Persistent or unexplained gastrointestinal symptoms and rising tumor markers in patients with a history of invasive lobular carcinoma should prompt consideration of metastatic disease and early histopathological evaluation.},
}

@article {pmid41787481,
year = {2026},
author = {Diallo, A and Aman, NA and Traore, B and Coulibaly, ZI and Kouacou, BFA and Nzi, MR and Doukoure, B and Diomande, MI},
title = {Interest of PD-L1 in the management of triple negative breast cancers in Ivorian patients.},
journal = {BMC women's health},
volume = {26},
number = {1},
pages = {},
pmid = {41787481},
issn = {1472-6874},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive subtype of breast cancer that does not express hormonal receptors and Her2. Its prevalence is high and varies from 30 to 41% in the Ivory Coast. For decades, chemotherapy has remained the only systematic treatment choice; however, the current availability of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) immunohistochemistry provides benefits for immune checkpoint inhibitors. The purpose of the study aimed to determine the prevalence of PD-L1 and its relationship with specific prognostic features for better survival of TNBC patients in the Ivory Coast.

METHODS: A 10-month prospective study included 132 patients diagnosed with TNBC. The paraffin blocks were subjected to PD-L1 immunohistochemistry. The Chi-Square Test was used to evaluate the correlations between PD-L1 status and prognostic parameters.

RESULTS: The mean age at diagnosis was 46.6 ± 12.9 years. 62.9% of the study population were premenopausal. The predominant histological type was invasive ductal carcinoma of no special type (95.5%) at the advanced stage of grade II (59.1%) and III (27.3%). There was an abundant inflammatory stroma (67.4%). 20.5% of TNBC patients were PD-L1 positive. PD-L1 status was significantly associated with the breast imaging-reporting and data system (BIRADS) scoring (p = 0.0362) and Nottingham grade (p = 0.0049). However, there was no association between PD-L1 expression and menopausal status (p = 0.1771), sex (p = 0.3030), inflammatory stroma (p = 0.0803), tumor necrosis (p = 0.0571), and histological type (p = 0.2037).

CONCLUSION: 20.5% of TNBC patients expressed PD-L1. This study highlights a significant association between PDL-1 expression and the BIRADS scoring and the Nottingham grade. The present study could help to select patients who would be likely to benefit from anti-PD-L1 immunotherapy for better clinical outcomes in the Ivory Coast.},
}

@article {pmid41776715,
year = {2026},
author = {De Coster, I and Leroux-Roels, I and Withanage, K and Suykens, L and D'Onofrio, V and Leroux-Roels, G and van Damme, P and Ciarlet, M and Adams, EM and Rida, W and Wen, J and MacDonald, M and Price, J and Kanesa-Thasan, N},
title = {A first-in-human Phase 1/1b randomized trial evaluating the safety and immunogenicity of a respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) virus-like particle subunit vaccine (IVX-121) in healthy young and older adults.},
journal = {Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics},
volume = {22},
number = {1},
pages = {2633021},
pmid = {41776715},
issn = {2164-554X},
mesh = {Humans ; Middle Aged ; Male ; Female ; Aged ; Adult ; *Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccines/immunology/adverse effects/administration & dosage ; Antibodies, Viral/blood ; *Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections/prevention & control/immunology ; Adolescent ; Young Adult ; Vaccines, Subunit/immunology/administration & dosage/adverse effects ; Adjuvants, Immunologic/administration & dosage ; *Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Human/immunology ; *Immunogenicity, Vaccine ; *Vaccines, Virus-Like Particle/immunology/administration & dosage/adverse effects ; Injections, Intramuscular ; Aluminum Hydroxide/administration & dosage ; Antibodies, Neutralizing/blood ; Healthy Volunteers ; Double-Blind Method ; },
abstract = {Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of lower respiratory tract disease in all age groups, with substantial burden in older adults. Here, we report the safety and immunogenicity of IVX-121, an investigational virus-like particle vaccine against RSV. This Phase 1/1b trial (EudraCT number: 2020-003633-38) randomized 90 healthy young (18-45 y of age; Phase 1) and 130 older adults (60-75 y of age; Phase 1b) to receive a single intramuscular injection of IVX-121 at low (25 µg), medium (75 µg), or high (250 µg) dose, with/without the adjuvant aluminum hydroxide (Al[OH]3), or placebo. Outcomes were assessed through Day 180. Older adult participants who had received IVX-121 or placebo could continue into an extension study in which safety was assessed for an additional 6 months before receiving IVX-121 (75 µg, unadjuvanted, open-label) on Day 365; safety and immunogenicity were assessed up to Day 546. Adverse reactions were generally mild, and there were no vaccine-related serious adverse events. All IVX-121 dose levels and formulations boosted preexisting RSV neutralizing antibody (nAb) responses. Although not statistically powered to compare treatment groups, there was no clear dose response and the adjuvant Al(OH)3 did not appear to improve immunogenicity. For both age groups, IVX-121 induced nAbs against RSV A and B, which remained above baseline levels for at least 6 months. A second dose of IVX-121 in older adults elicited a modest increase in nAbs against RSV A but not RSV B. Overall, IVX-121 had a favorable safety profile and induced immune responses against RSV in young and older adults.},
}

Humans
Middle Aged
Male
Female
Aged
Adult
*Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccines/immunology/adverse effects/administration & dosage
Antibodies, Viral/blood
*Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections/prevention & control/immunology
Adolescent
Young Adult
Vaccines, Subunit/immunology/administration & dosage/adverse effects
Adjuvants, Immunologic/administration & dosage
*Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Human/immunology
*Immunogenicity, Vaccine
*Vaccines, Virus-Like Particle/immunology/administration & dosage/adverse effects
Injections, Intramuscular
Aluminum Hydroxide/administration & dosage
Antibodies, Neutralizing/blood
Healthy Volunteers
Double-Blind Method

@article {pmid41776559,
year = {2026},
author = {Siddique, H and Khan, A and Salomon, I and Hashmi, AH},
title = {Unusual metastasis of breast cancer to the paranasal sinuses: a case report.},
journal = {Journal of medical case reports},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1186/s13256-026-05870-x},
pmid = {41776559},
issn = {1752-1947},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women, with invasive ductal carcinoma being the predominant subtype. Although metastases commonly affect the bones, liver, lungs, and brain, involvement of the paranasal sinuses is exceedingly rare and poses significant diagnostic challenges.

CASE PRESENTATION: A 70-year-old postmenopausal woman from Pakistan with a history of left-sided mastectomy and chemotherapy for invasive ductal carcinoma presented with an altered sensorium, aphasia, and reduced oral intake. Imaging revealed an aggressive, destructive lesion in the left frontal sinus, ethmoid air cells, and posterior parietal bone. Biopsy confirmed metastasis from the primary breast carcinoma. The patient received palliative radiotherapy and supportive care owing to her preference to avoid invasive interventions. Despite management, her condition progressively deteriorated, and she succumbed 2 years later. Paranasal sinus metastases are uncommon and often mimic rhinosinusitis, leading to a delayed diagnosis. Breast cancer metastasis to this region underscores the unpredictability of metastatic spread even years after the initial diagnosis. Management focuses on symptom control because surgical intervention is typically limited by anatomical constraints and the patient's overall health.

CONCLUSION: This case highlights the importance of maintaining a high index of suspicion for atypical metastatic sites in survivors of breast cancer. Multidisciplinary approaches and patient-centered care are critical for optimizing quality of life in advanced disease stages.},
}

@article {pmid41773136,
year = {2026},
author = {Aydrose, A and Elsdaig, HE and Abdalla, A and Abdalla, M and Alsadig, F and Ahmed, T and Abdallah, E and Alagha, A and Yousif, T},
title = {Breast Cancer During Pregnancy and Lactation: A Five-Year Retrospective Study in Sudan.},
journal = {Cureus},
volume = {18},
number = {1},
pages = {e102646},
pmid = {41773136},
issn = {2168-8184},
abstract = {Introduction Breast cancer diagnosed during pregnancy or within the first year postpartum is termed pregnancy-associated breast cancer (PABC), and it is the most common malignancy occurring during pregnancy. Objective The objective of this study was to investigate the characteristics of breast cancer patients diagnosed during pregnancy and lactation at Wad-Madani Teaching Hospital, Sudan, from 2017 to 2022. Methods A retrospective, cross-sectional study was conducted, screening 2,151 breast cancer patients. After applying age and menopausal status exclusions, 33 patients (2.69% of eligible patients) who experienced symptom onset during pregnancy or lactation were included. Data on demographics, clinical presentation, risk factors, receptor status, and histopathology were collected from hospital records. Results The most common clinical presentation was a palpable breast lump (31/33, 93.9%), followed by breast pain (12/33, 36.4%) and skin changes or ulceration (10/33, 30.3%). Inflammatory features were present in 11 patients (33.3%). Obesity (9/33, 27.3%) and early menarche (10/33, 30.3%) were prevalent risk factors. Histopathological analysis revealed invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) in 28 patients (84.8%). Regarding receptor status, 21 patients (63.6%) were estrogen/progesterone receptor (ER/PR)-negative, and 24 patients (72.7%) were human epidermal growth factor-2 (HER2)-negative. Conclusion Physiological changes during pregnancy and lactation complicate breast cancer detection and diagnosis. These findings underscore the need for heightened clinical suspicion, early investigation of breast symptoms, and a multidisciplinary approach to improve outcomes in this patient population.},
}

@article {pmid41772273,
year = {2026},
author = {Metser, U and Dayes, IS and Parpia, S and Eisen, AF and Hodgson, N and Cil, TD and George, R and Blanchette, P and Arnaou, A and Chan, A and Levine, MN},
title = {Prospective study on [18]F-FDG PET-CT for staging locally advanced invasive lobular breast carcinoma.},
journal = {British journal of cancer},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {41772273},
issn = {1532-1827},
support = {none//Cancer Care Ontario (Action Cancer Ontario)/ ; none//Cancer Care Ontario (Action Cancer Ontario)/ ; none//Cancer Care Ontario (Action Cancer Ontario)/ ; none//Cancer Care Ontario (Action Cancer Ontario)/ ; none//Cancer Care Ontario (Action Cancer Ontario)/ ; none//Cancer Care Ontario (Action Cancer Ontario)/ ; none//Cancer Care Ontario (Action Cancer Ontario)/ ; none//Cancer Care Ontario (Action Cancer Ontario)/ ; none//Cancer Care Ontario (Action Cancer Ontario)/ ; none//Ontario Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care (ministère de la Santé et des Soins de longue durée" into: Ministère de la Santé et des Soins de Longue Durée)/ ; none//Ontario Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care (ministère de la Santé et des Soins de longue durée" into: Ministère de la Santé et des Soins de Longue Durée)/ ; none//Ontario Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care (ministère de la Santé et des Soins de longue durée" into: Ministère de la Santé et des Soins de Longue Durée)/ ; none//Ontario Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care (ministère de la Santé et des Soins de longue durée" into: Ministère de la Santé et des Soins de Longue Durée)/ ; none//Ontario Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care (ministère de la Santé et des Soins de longue durée" into: Ministère de la Santé et des Soins de Longue Durée)/ ; none//Ontario Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care (ministère de la Santé et des Soins de longue durée" into: Ministère de la Santé et des Soins de Longue Durée)/ ; none//Ontario Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care (ministère de la Santé et des Soins de longue durée" into: Ministère de la Santé et des Soins de Longue Durée)/ ; none//Ontario Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care (ministère de la Santé et des Soins de longue durée" into: Ministère de la Santé et des Soins de Longue Durée)/ ; none//Ontario Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care (ministère de la Santé et des Soins de longue durée" into: Ministère de la Santé et des Soins de Longue Durée)/ ; },
abstract = {PURPOSE: Patients with locally advanced breast cancer (LABC) undergo staging tests. In the absence of metastases, they may receive combined modality therapy with curative intent. A randomised controlled trial (RCT) in patients with locally advanced breast cancer (LABC) compared staging using 18F-FDG PET-CT versus the usual CT chest/abdomen and bone scan, with the primary outcome being upstaging to Stage 4. Because of concern regarding the lower FDG-avidity of invasive lobular breast cancer (ILBC) compared to invasive ductal cancer (IDC), patients with ILBC were not eligible for the RCT.

METHODS: A prospective cohort study in patients with ILBC and TNM stage III or IIb (T3N0) was conducted contemporaneously to the RCT. Consenting patients from six regional cancer centres in Ontario all underwent whole body 18F-FDG PET-CT, CT with contrast of the chest/abdomen, and a bone scan. The primary endpoint was upstaging to stage IV. (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02751710).

RESULTS: Between December 2016 and April 2022, 41 patients with ILBC were enroled: 38 undergoing all three imaging tests. Five patients (13.2%) were upstaged due to distant disease; all had positive PET-CT scans. Among these five patients, two were positive on both CT and bone scan, two on either CT or bone scan, and one on neither. Six of 38 (15.8%) primary ILBC tumours lacked [18]FDG uptake and the mean standard uptake value was 4.4 (3.2).

CONCLUSION: In this cohort, 18F-FDG PET-CT detected all cases of metastatic spread.},
}

@article {pmid41769367,
year = {2026},
author = {Abe, M and Saito, F and Honma, N and Tamaki, Y and Goto, M and Fukutake, K and Sonobe, S and Katagiri, Y and Shibayama, T and Ogata, H},
title = {Invasive Lobular Carcinoma of the Male Breast With BRCA2 Mutation.},
journal = {Case reports in pathology},
volume = {2026},
number = {},
pages = {3580444},
pmid = {41769367},
issn = {2090-6781},
abstract = {Male breast cancer (MBC) is a rare condition, accounting for < 1% of all breast cancer cases. Reports of bilateral synchronous MBC are even more uncommon. Although lobular carcinoma is generally absent in the male mammary gland, a few cases of lobular carcinoma in MBC have been documented, comprising 1%-2% of all MBC cases. A man in his 80s presented to our hospital with a mass on his left nipple. After detailed examination, he was diagnosed with invasive ductal carcinoma of the left breast and invasive lobular carcinoma of the right breast. Because he had a family history of breast cancer, he underwent genetic testing and was found to have a BRCA2 gene mutation (c.331_347delinsC [p.Asn111Leufs∗5]). Simultaneous surgery was performed for bilateral breast cancer. Although drug therapy and radiation therapy were recommended after the operation, the patient was under observation due to his advanced age. A brief literature review is presented in this section.},
}

@article {pmid41768803,
year = {2025},
author = {Roy, B and Rathore, R and Singhal, S and Halder, S and Singh, N},
title = {Vaginal Neoplasm in a Breast Cancer Survivor.},
journal = {JNMA; journal of the Nepal Medical Association},
volume = {63},
number = {286},
pages = {433-435},
pmid = {41768803},
issn = {1815-672X},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; *Vaginal Neoplasms/secondary/drug therapy/diagnosis/pathology/diagnostic imaging ; Cancer Survivors ; Paclitaxel/therapeutic use ; Middle Aged ; *Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/pathology/therapy ; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography ; *Breast Neoplasms/pathology/therapy ; Mastectomy, Modified Radical ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/therapeutic use ; },
abstract = {According to GLOBOCAN 2022 data, Carcinoma breast is the second most common malignancy worldwide after lung and ranks 4[th] in mortality worldwide. Breast cancer can metastasize to various organs. The incidence of vaginal metastasis in carcinoma breast is 1-2%. Here we present a patient with post menopausal bleeding with vaginal mass. She had a history of Triple negative carcinoma left breast 3 years back, treated by Modified Radical Mastectomy followed by chemo radiotherapy. Vaginal biopsy was suggestive of a metastatic carcinoma breast. MRI and PET CT showed isolated vaginal growth. Due to poor performance status and multiple medical comorbidities, decision was taken to treat her with single agent Paclitaxel 3weekly until disease progression. This case report points out the necessity for thorough gynaecological examination in a cancer survivor, either via clinical examination, routine PAP smear or imaging.},
}

Humans
Female
*Vaginal Neoplasms/secondary/drug therapy/diagnosis/pathology/diagnostic imaging
Cancer Survivors
Paclitaxel/therapeutic use
Middle Aged
*Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/pathology/therapy
Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography
*Breast Neoplasms/pathology/therapy
Mastectomy, Modified Radical
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/therapeutic use

@article {pmid41768223,
year = {2026},
author = {Sklar, K},
title = {Ureteric Injury From an Indwelling Catheter in the Context of an Undiagnosed Duplex Ureter in a Labouring Woman: A Case Report.},
journal = {Cureus},
volume = {18},
number = {2},
pages = {e104410},
pmid = {41768223},
issn = {2168-8184},
abstract = {Indwelling urinary catheter (IDC) insertion is routine in obstetric practice and is considered low risk. Inadvertent ureteric catheterisation is rare and has been reported only in a few patients with complex backgrounds, mainly neurogenic bladder. This report describes a case of iatrogenic ureteric injury secondary to IDC insertion in an otherwise well woman, who was later found to have an undiagnosed duplex renal collecting system. Interestingly, an antenatal ultrasound in this case detected a fetal duplex renal collecting system. The case describes a woman in her thirties in spontaneous labour who had an IDC inserted due to concurrent epidural analgesia. She was noted to have minimal urine output after IDC insertion. She required an emergency caesarean section for a prolonged second stage and fetal tachycardia, and the bladder was noted to be oedematous and high during entry. Further imaging with computerized tomography following the caesarean section demonstrated the duplex collecting system with evidence of ureteric rupture of the lower pole moiety. The IDC was seen to be malpositioned, passing into the left ureter. The patient then required emergency cystoscopy with stent insertion. This case highlights a rare but serious complication related to routine IDC insertion. Consideration of maternal imaging when fetal renal anomalies are detected may be useful in diagnosing maternal duplex systems; however, current evidence does not support this practice.},
}

@article {pmid41768114,
year = {2026},
author = {AiErken, N and Wang, X and Zhang, M and Lei, K and Ling, Y and Yang, L},
title = {Clinical outcomes and aesthetic satisfaction of the lateral thoracic artery perforator (LTAP) flap in immediate oncoplastic breast reconstruction following breast-conserving surgery.},
journal = {JPRAS open},
volume = {48},
number = {},
pages = {1016-1024},
pmid = {41768114},
issn = {2352-5878},
abstract = {To investigate the clinical application, aesthetic outcomes, and patient satisfaction of the lateral thoracic artery perforator (LTAP) flap for immediate breast reconstruction following breast-conserving surgery (BCS) in breast cancer patients. Twenty-eight breast cancer patients (aged 33-65 years, mean 48.75 ± 7.481 years) treated between August 2023 and December 2024 were enrolled. Tumor diameters ranged from 1.05 to 2.80 cm (mean 1.50 ± 0.32 cm), with pathological types including invasive ductal carcinoma (25 cases), invasive lobular carcinoma (2 cases), and phyllodes tumor (1 case). All underwent LTAP flap reconstruction. Aesthetic outcomes and patient satisfaction were assessed using the BREAST-Q BCT module version 2.0, with data analyzed via SPSS 23. No postoperative complications occurred. All patients completed the BREAST-Q survey, with median (IQR) scores of 100 (42) for breast satisfaction and 76 (19) for physical well-being of the chest. The LTAP flap achieves favorable aesthetic outcomes and high patient satisfaction for immediate breast reconstruction after BCS, with good safety.},
}

@article {pmid41764344,
year = {2026},
author = {Williams, AE and Hoffmann, EJ and Inman, DR and Gari, MK and Zhou, C and Burkel, BM and Haidar, N and Pan, Y and Halambeck, M and Moore, BN and Wisinski, KB and McGregor, SM and Kerr, SC and Arendt, LM and Ponik, SM},
title = {Obesity and breast density enhance immune exclusion in the primary tumor microenvironment and promote breast cancer metastasis.},
journal = {Oncogene},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {41764344},
issn = {1476-5594},
support = {R01CA179556, R01CA206458, U54CA268069//U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Cancer Institute (NCI)/ ; R01CA179556, R01CA227542//U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Cancer Institute (NCI)/ ; P30CA014520//University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center (UW Carbone Cancer Center)/ ; P30CA014520//University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center (UW Carbone Cancer Center)/ ; GT1453//Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI)/ ; R25GM083252//U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS)/ ; },
abstract = {Recent epidemiological studies suggest that breast density and obesity together increase breast cancer risk. Although these risk factors have been explored individually, little is known about how they combine to alter the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) and promote disease progression. To address this gap, we developed a murine model of both risk factors. Spatial analysis of the TIME revealed macrophages and T-cells predominantly localized in the stroma of both risk factor groups, indicating an immune exclusion phenotype. Mice with dual risk factors had significantly increased lung metastasis. To establish the human relevance of this model, we interrogated the TIME in biopsies from 158 patients with invasive ductal carcinoma and 10 years of follow-up data. We found that patients with both risk factors had the highest incidence of metastasis (45%). Furthermore, spatial immune profiling revealed exacerbated stromal localization of macrophages and T-cells in the dual risk factor group that progressed to metastasis. Overall, we uncovered an immune exclusion phenotype in metastatic breast cancer patients with obesity and breast density, and we present a relevant murine model that parallels human disease. The murine model will enable future investigation into therapies that intercept the mechanisms by which dual risk factors modulate the TIME.},
}

@article {pmid41764072,
year = {2026},
author = {Hass, D and Madsen, AN and da Silva-Buttkus, P and Kjølbye, AL and Støy, S and Nøhr-Meldgaard, J and Sandahl, TD and Hrabě de Angelis, M and Jorgensen, R and Rohm, M and van de Bunt, M},
title = {Lipidated Interleukin-22 Reduces Body Weight And Spares Lean Mass In Mice By A Novel Gut Acting Mechanism Additive To GLP-1 Agonism.},
journal = {Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.ymthe.2026.02.041},
pmid = {41764072},
issn = {1525-0024},
abstract = {The prevalence of metabolic diseases, including obesity and type 2 diabetes, continues to rise. Although GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) now provide the first effective treatment options for patients with obesity, many still fail to reach their target weight. Interleukin (IL)-22 has emerged as a promising therapeutic due to its ability to modulate key metabolic factors. This study evaluated the potential of a novel long-acting lipidated IL-22 analogue as a complementary treatment to GLP-1RAs in mouse models. Lipidated IL-22 induced up to 20% weight reduction as a monotherapy and up to 40% in combination with GLP-1RAs, demonstrating additive efficacy. Lipidated IL-22 preserved lean body mass with less than half the lean mass loss of GLP-1RAs or caloric restriction. Glycemic control was also enhanced, with lipidated IL-22 normalizing blood glucose, and improving insulin sensitivity independent of food intake. Mechanistically, lipidated IL-22 enhanced intestinal secretion of anorectic factors like PYY and doubled fecal energy loss through reduced intestinal calorie absorption. These findings demonstrate the novel intestinal mechanisms of action of lipidated IL-22 and its additive potential to GLP-1RA treatment. Therefore, lipidated IL-22 is strongly positioned as a novel anti-obesity treatment that can address critical unmet needs in the treatment of metabolic diseases.},
}

@article {pmid41760667,
year = {2026},
author = {Swellam, M and Ramadan, A and Sobeih, ME and Bakr, NM},
title = {Clinical impact of the methylation status of SMAD4 and AKR1B1 genes in a liquid biopsy sample as a prognostic marker for breast cancer.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {16},
number = {1},
pages = {},
pmid = {41760667},
issn = {2045-2322},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; *DNA Methylation ; *Breast Neoplasms/genetics/pathology/mortality/diagnosis ; *Smad4 Protein/genetics ; *Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics ; Middle Aged ; Prognosis ; Adult ; Liquid Biopsy ; Aged ; ROC Curve ; Kaplan-Meier Estimate ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Aldehyde Reductase ; },
abstract = {The role of DNA methylation in the prognosis of breast cancer, particularly concerning small mothers against decapentaplegic 4 (SMAD4) and aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1 (AKR1B1), remains largely unexplored. This study aimed to investigate the clinical role of SMAD4 and AKR1B1 methylation as noninvasive prognostic biomarkers in breast cancer. The study included 140 individuals. The patients were stratified into two groups based on their diagnostic investigation: women diagnosed with cancer in breast (N = 80) and cases with benign lesions in breast (N = 30). Additionally, a group of subjects considered as healthy served as the control group (N = 30). Methylation levels of SMAD4 and AKR1B1 were quantified using the Methyl II quantitative PCR system. The methylation specificity and sensitivity were examined through performing a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. The association of the methylation of investigated patterns with breast cancer clinical features and response to treatment was also examined. Survival patterns were assesed using Kaplan-Meier analyses. The outcomes revealed that hypermethylation of SMAD4 and AKR1B1 was upregulated in cancerous patients relative to the benign group and healthy subjects. Based on the values of the area under the curve (AUC) (0.945 and 0.935, respectively) for SMAD4 and AKR1B1, both markers demonstrated superior diagnostic accuracy, surpassing conventional biomarkers for instance cancer antigen 15 - 3 (CA 15 - 3; AUC = 0.698) as well as carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA; AUC = 0.537). Remarkably, SMAD4 and AKR1B1 hypermethylation exhibited a significant association with invasive duct carcinoma (IDC), particularly in early stages, high grades, and cases with lymph node metastasis. A significant difference was observed in methylation status concerning both items and treatment response. Additionally, survival outcomes indicated that hypermethylation of SMAD4 and AKR1B1 was associated with worse DFS and OS. In conclusion, SMAD4 and AKR1B1 methylation may serve as significant epigenetic markers affecting breast cancer prognosis, potentially indicating more aggressive disease and poorer outcomes in these patients.},
}

Humans
Female
*DNA Methylation
*Breast Neoplasms/genetics/pathology/mortality/diagnosis
*Smad4 Protein/genetics
*Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
Middle Aged
Prognosis
Adult
Liquid Biopsy
Aged
ROC Curve
Kaplan-Meier Estimate
Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
Aldehyde Reductase

@article {pmid41760005,
year = {2026},
author = {Li, P and Wu, S and Ma, H and Ji, W and Wang, Y and Wang, L and Dai, Y},
title = {Occult metastasis of hormone receptor-positive breast cancer to the ovary: A case report and literature review.},
journal = {Medicine},
volume = {105},
number = {9},
pages = {e47830},
pmid = {41760005},
issn = {1536-5964},
support = {L2024-QCY-ZYYJJQ-270//Xianyang Municipal Science and Technology Bureau/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; *Breast Neoplasms/pathology/therapy ; Adult ; *Ovarian Neoplasms/secondary/therapy/surgery ; *Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/secondary/pathology/therapy ; Receptors, Estrogen/metabolism ; Receptors, Progesterone/metabolism ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use ; },
abstract = {RATIONALE: Breast cancer is the most common malignancy among women worldwide. It typically metastasizes to the bone, lungs, and liver, while ovarian involvement is relatively uncommon. This report aims to illustrate the clinical features, diagnostic approach, and treatment strategies for this rare type of metastasis through a case study, thereby enhancing clinicians' awareness and management capabilities.

PATIENT CONCERNS: A 32-year-old premenopausal woman presented with a palpable nodule in the left breast. Comprehensive diagnostic evaluation, including mammography, ultrasonography, contrast-enhanced computed tomography, and core needle biopsy, confirmed invasive ductal carcinoma, classified as Luminal A subtype (estrogen receptor/progesterone receptor-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative).

DIAGNOSES: Invasive ductal carcinoma of the left breast (pT3N3M1, stage IV) with ovarian metastasis.

INTERVENTIONS: The patient received 6 cycles of docetaxel/doxorubicin/cyclophosphamide chemotherapy (docetaxel, doxorubicin, and cyclophosphamide), followed by left modified radical mastectomy with axillary lymph node dissection, achieving R0 resection. Laparoscopic bilateral adnexectomy was also performed for ovarian ablation. Final pathology confirmed metastatic breast carcinoma in the ovaries.

OUTCOMES: The patient successfully achieved surgical tumor reduction, recovered well postoperatively, and showed no clinical evidence of disease progression.

LESSONS: This case highlights the distinct characteristics of ovarian metastases in HR+/HER2- breast cancer and their critical importance in differential diagnosis, particularly in distinguishing them from primary gynecologic tumors. For patients with a history of breast cancer, the presence of pelvic lesions should prompt consideration of metastatic potential to guide appropriate comprehensive treatment.},
}

Humans
Female
*Breast Neoplasms/pathology/therapy
Adult
*Ovarian Neoplasms/secondary/therapy/surgery
*Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/secondary/pathology/therapy
Receptors, Estrogen/metabolism
Receptors, Progesterone/metabolism
Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use

@article {pmid41759689,
year = {2026},
author = {Guo, Y and Moalem-Taylor, G and Shivdasani, MN and Fridman, GY and Aplin, FP},
title = {Safety assessment of a soft metal-free silicone peripheral nerve cuff implanted in rat models of neuropathic and inflammatory pain.},
journal = {The journal of pain},
volume = {42},
number = {},
pages = {106232},
doi = {10.1016/j.jpain.2026.106232},
pmid = {41759689},
issn = {1528-8447},
abstract = {Peripheral nerve stimulation offers a promising alternative to pharmacological treatments for chronic pain, and recent advances in direct current stimulation enable selective inhibition of nociceptive activity. However, the safety of direct current delivery systems, particularly soft, metal-free nerve cuffs, remains poorly characterized under pathological conditions. This study evaluated the safety and biocompatibility of a silicone tripolar cuff for ionic direct current delivery in naïve rats and rodent models of neuropathic (spared nerve injury) and inflammatory (complete Freund's adjuvant) pain. The cuff was implanted around the sciatic nerve and evaluated through behavioral testing (von Frey and Hargreaves), magnetic resonance imaging, and immunohistochemistry of the sciatic nerve, dorsal root ganglia, and spinal cord. In naïve cohorts, both short- and long-term implantation did not alter behavior outcomes, and neither disease model showed worsening of pain sensitivity. Across implanted groups, markers associated with immune activation and fibrotic encapsulation were upregulated. Notably, only the implanted spared nerve injury cohort exhibited additional pathological changes, including T cell infiltration in the sciatic nerve and dorsal root ganglia, elevated satellite glial and astrocytic responses, and significant interaction between injury and implantation. Demyelination and C-fiber loss were observed in spared nerve injury cohort irrespective of cuff placement, consistent with baseline injury-driven pathology. These findings indicate that the soft, metal-free cuff is well tolerated in healthy and inflammatory pain conditions but may exacerbate local inflammation and tissue changes when implanted near nerve injury. This supports its potential use in chronic pain management when implantation is distal to local injury site. PERSPECTIVE: This study provides the first comprehensive safety assessment of a soft, metal-free nerve cuff for iDC delivery in healthy and pathological pain models. This work advances iDC as a potential treatment for chronic pain, and helps identify pathological conditions in which invasive cuff implantation could exacerbate existing nerve injury.},
}

@article {pmid41759049,
year = {2026},
author = {Borges, P and Costa, V and Spencer, HB and Leite-Silva, P and Furtado, S and Barbosa, C and Pereira, C and Dos-Santos-Silva, I and Santos, LL},
title = {Breast Cancer in Cape Verde: Clinical-Molecular Profile and Impact of an International Treatment Partnership.},
journal = {JCO global oncology},
volume = {12},
number = {},
pages = {e2500258},
doi = {10.1200/GO-25-00258},
pmid = {41759049},
issn = {2687-8941},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; Middle Aged ; *Breast Neoplasms/therapy/pathology/mortality/epidemiology ; Adult ; Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Aged, 80 and over ; },
abstract = {PURPOSE: Breast cancer (BC) is becoming a significant public health issue in Cape Verde. Understanding the profile of BC cases is crucial for improving patient outcomes and guiding public health initiatives. This study aimed to investigate the clinical and pathologic characteristics, treatment approaches, and outcomes of BC cases diagnosed and treated at Agostinho Neto University Hospital between January 2015 and July 2021 following implementation of an international treatment partnership.

METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 158 female patients with BC diagnosed during the study period. Data were collected on patient demographics, tumor characteristics, treatment protocols, and survival outcomes. Immunohistochemistry was performed on a subset of 114 patients to identify molecular subtypes. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize all variables. Overall survival was analyzed, and log-rank tests were performed to formally compare the survival curves and assess the statistical significance of any observed differences. Cox proportional hazard models were used to determine the independent effect of sociodemographic factors and clinical characteristics.

RESULTS: The median age at diagnosis was 52.5 years, with patients ranging from 28 to 91 years. Most patients resided on Santiago Island. Invasive ductal carcinoma was the most common type, found in 93% of cases. Over half of the tumors were poorly differentiated, and 57% were diagnosed at advanced stages (III and IV). Subtype distribution mirrored sub-Saharan patterns, with 24% triple negative and 11% human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 positive. Among patients with potentially curable BC, 61.4% received adequate therapy that followed the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) Harmonized Guidelines for sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), including radiotherapy treatment, although this was performed abroad. The median follow-up calculated by reverse Kaplan-Meier was 33.7 months (IQR, 20.5-52.8 months). Patients treated according to stage-appropriate and phenotype-specific recommendations achieved better outcomes (79.9% 3-year survival).

CONCLUSION: This study emphasizes the importance of early diagnosis and adoption of the NCCN Harmonized Guidelines for SSA. Access to radiotherapy abroad, necessitated by the absence of local radiotherapy facilities, was correlated with improved survival. These findings underscore the feasibility of improving outcomes in low-resource settings through standardized treatment frameworks.},
}

Humans
Female
Middle Aged
*Breast Neoplasms/therapy/pathology/mortality/epidemiology
Adult
Aged
Retrospective Studies
Aged, 80 and over

@article {pmid41756704,
year = {2026},
author = {Ebrahimian, S and Soleimani Varaki, S and Zabihi, F},
title = {Breast Fibromatosis in a Patient With a History of Treated Breast Cancer: A Case Report.},
journal = {Clinical case reports},
volume = {14},
number = {3},
pages = {e72054},
pmid = {41756704},
issn = {2050-0904},
abstract = {Desmoid tumors are benign mesenchymal neoplasms that originate from muscular fasciae and aponeuroses. Breast involvement is exceptionally rare, accounting for less than 0.2% of all breast tumors. A 41-year-old woman with a history of right-sided invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) diagnosed in 2022 underwent breast-conserving surgery (BCS) and axillary lymph node dissection (ALND), followed by adjuvant chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and daily tamoxifen (20 mg). The tumor measured 3.5 cm at its greatest dimension, was grade 2, estrogen receptor (ER)-positive, progesterone receptor (PR)-positive, HER2 negative, and had a Ki-67 proliferation index of 25%. Histologic examination revealed a cribriform growth pattern without associated ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) or lymphovascular invasion (LVI), and one of nine axillary lymph nodes was positive for metastasis. In 2023, a total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy was performed for ovarian suppression. During routine surveillance in 2024, a new mass was detected at the 2 o'clock position in the right breast. Two core needle biopsies performed over 6 months confirmed fibromatosis. Ongoing tumor enlargement and severe pain, despite radiotherapy, led to a wide local excision. Breast fibromatosis can closely mimic carcinoma both clinically and radiologically, and histologic analysis remains essential for definitive diagnosis. Complete surgical excision with negative margins remains the treatment of choice.},
}

@article {pmid41756134,
year = {2026},
author = {Napolitano, G and Napolitano, R and Coppola, R and Ragone, A and Kafeel, S and Palmiero, G and Lombardi, A and Casaretta, G and Giannatiempo, R and Caraglia, M and Naviglio, S and Sapio, L},
title = {Monocyte distribution width in breast cancer: Results from a retrospective exploratory pilot study.},
journal = {Molecular and clinical oncology},
volume = {24},
number = {3},
pages = {21},
pmid = {41756134},
issn = {2049-9469},
abstract = {Despite the therapeutic breakthroughs achieved over the years, breast cancer (BC) continues to rank as the deadliest tumor among women worldwide. Therefore, prevention and screening programs remain crucial for the successful recovery of patients with BC. Monocyte distribution width (MDW) is a novel hematological parameter provided along with the complete blood count by DxH haematology analyzers. Variations in MDW have been associated with diagnostic and prognostic significance in sepsis, viral infections and other inflammation-related diseases. However, the potential role of MDW remains largely unknown in malignant disorders, including BC. Using a retrospective approach, patients with BC were included in the present study to examine the MDW levels at diagnosis in relation to controls. MDW was also assessed with respect to the histopathological features of BC. Either Welch's t-test or Brown-Forsythe and Welch ANOVA were used to estimate significance, while receiver operating characteristic curves and the area under the curve were used to evaluate the overall performance of MDW in BC. MDW levels were higher in patients with BC than in controls (P<0.0001), while no changes were recorded in the absolute monocytes count. With respect to the histopathological features, an elevated MDW was typically detected in BC presenting as invasive ductal carcinoma (P=0.0002), and expressing either estrogen (P<0.0001) or progesterone receptors (P<0.0001). Higher MDW levels were also observed in patients with BC scoring as grade III, as well as in those presenting lymph node involvement (N1-3), suggesting a possible association with the progression of BC. Overall, the present retrospective exploratory pilot study proposed MDW as a possible biomarker in BC, indicating future perspectives for the diagnosis, stratification and prognosis of this deadly disease.},
}

@article {pmid41755041,
year = {2026},
author = {Yeo, J and Kwon, Y},
title = {High-Sensitive Microwave Humidity Sensor Using Polyvinyl Alcohol/Carboxymethyl Cellulose (PVA/CMC) Composites.},
journal = {Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {26},
number = {4},
pages = {},
pmid = {41755041},
issn = {1424-8220},
support = {2023-0279//Daegu University/ ; },
abstract = {This study investigates the humidity sensing characteristics of microwave sensors coated with polyvinyl alcohol/carboxymethyl cellulose (PVA/CMC) composites with different weight percentages. The microwave sensor has a band-stop filter characteristic and consists of a microstrip transmission line with an interdigital capacitor-defected ground structure (IDC-DGS). To evaluate performance, PVA/CMC composites were prepared in 100/0 (pure PVA), 90/10, 80/20, 60/40, and 0/100 (pure CMC) weight percentages. The humidity sensing capability of the IDC-DGS-based microwave sensors coated with the PVA/CMC composites with different weight percentages was compared by measuring the variations in the resonant frequency and magnitude level of the transmission coefficient. The relative humidity (RH) was changed from 40% to 90% with increments of 10% at a temperature around 25 °C. The experimental results demonstrate that the humidity sensing capability of the microwave sensor in terms of the variations in the resonant frequency and magnitude level of the transmission coefficient increased as the weight percentage of CMC content increased. Pure CMC shows enhanced humidity sensing performance compared to gelatin and PVA in terms of the percent relative frequency shift and effective relative permittivity.},
}

@article {pmid41753930,
year = {2026},
author = {Griep, G and Bovadilla, RG and Gomes, LG and Cartagena, LQ and Rehder, GP and Serrano, ALC},
title = {2D and 3D Interdigital Capacitors and Bias Tees Technologies on MnM Interposer for mmWave Applications.},
journal = {Micromachines},
volume = {17},
number = {2},
pages = {},
pmid = {41753930},
issn = {2072-666X},
support = {2023/17414-4; 2022/13645-9 and 0001//FAPESP and CAPES/ ; },
abstract = {This paper presents two capacitors fabricated using the metallic nanowire membrane (MnM) interposer technology operating at mmWaves. Standard 2D interdigital capacitors (IDCs) are designed to operate up to 70 GHz, which presents a straightforward and non-complex fabrication. In comparison, this work also proposes an improved device that is more compact and exhibits large capacitance density, as high-performance vias enable the realization of high-depth capacitors. The fabrication process of 3D devices presents advanced maturity and innovation as it takes advantage of the porous nature of the interposer material to overcome the device complexity, and is also described in detail. Both capacitor types are modeled by a numerical lumped-element model that also considers parasitics. The 3D capacitors were successfully fabricated and characterized up to 70 GHz, displaying capacitance values between 30 fF and 160 fF and self-resonant frequencies in good agreement with mmWave applications. The quality factor of these devices, measured at 40 GHz, lies between 16 and 4, and the superficial capacitance density is between 4 pF/mm[2] and 8 pF/mm[2], showing that these devices are indeed promising for mmWave applications. These devices present considerably larger capacitance density compared to 2D traditional capacitors fabricated on the high-performance substrate, highlighting the advantage of 3D fabrication using nanowire growth. In addition, thin-film resistances are simulated and fabricated, projecting their functions as an RF-choke in a bias tee configuration using Ti thin film sputtering deposition step that is also part of the capacitors fabrication.},
}

@article {pmid41753610,
year = {2026},
author = {Rodas-Pazmiño, K and Pazmiño-Gómez, B and Cagua-Montaño, L and Valle-Asan, S and Acosta-Farías, M and Fajardo-Aguilar, PJ and Romoleroux-Gutiérrez, P and Jiménez-Gurumendy, A and Andaluz-Guamán, S and Rodas-Neira, E},
title = {Strain-Specific microRNA Reprogramming of Human Dendritic Cells by Probiotic and Commensal Escherichia coli Outer Membrane Vesicles.},
journal = {Microorganisms},
volume = {14},
number = {2},
pages = {},
pmid = {41753610},
issn = {2076-2607},
abstract = {Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are tractable, cell-free microbial outputs that can shape innate immune programs. Here, we compared OMVs from the probiotic Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (EcN) and the commensal strain ECOR12 in a paired within-donor model of human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (Mo-DCs) (N = 20). In the core integrated arm, Mo-DCs were exposed to iDC control, EcN OMVs, or ECOR12 OMVs (10 µg/mL, 24 h) and profiled for maturation markers (CD14, CD83, CD209), cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α, IL-10), and a targeted miRNA panel (miR-155-5p, let-7i-3p, miR-146b-5p, miR-29a-5p). Both OMV types promoted maturation (increased CD83 and reduced CD14), but generated distinct cytokine-miRNA configurations, with ECOR12 tending toward an IL-10-high profile and EcN toward higher IL-6/TNF-α tendencies. Multivariate integration separated conditions into reproducible, strain-specific immune fingerprints, supporting the key take-home that probiotic versus commensal E. coli OMVs imprint distinguishable coordinated response states in human DCs. In an extended phenotyping arm, ECOR63 OMVs were evaluated by ELISA and flow cytometry only and were not included in miRNA profiling or integrated PCA due to unavailable matched miRNA measurements.},
}

@article {pmid41751080,
year = {2026},
author = {Zhang, Y and Xu, Q and Chen, W and Fan, S and Hu, Y and Deng, X and Zhong, G and Luo, K and Chai, M and Zhong, H and Li, W and Hu, F and Wang, S and Liu, S},
title = {Evidence for Paternal Mitochondrial DNA Leakage in Diploid Hybrid Fish Lineages.},
journal = {Animals : an open access journal from MDPI},
volume = {16},
number = {4},
pages = {},
pmid = {41751080},
issn = {2076-2615},
support = {YLS-2025-ZY01011//Yuelushan Laboratory Breeding Program/ ; 2023YFD2400203//National Key R&D Program of China/ ; 32373119//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 32293252//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 2023TJ-N02//Youth Science and Technology Talents Lifting Project of Hunan Province/ ; CARS-45//the earmarked fund for China Agriculture Research System/ ; D20007//111 Project/ ; },
abstract = {Distant hybridization induces genomic instability in offspring, driving the occurrence of gene recombination and mutation. Analysis of the genomic genetic composition can be used to infer the genetic evolutionary relationships between species. Based on the improved diploid carp (IDC) and the improved diploid scattered mirror carp (IDMC) lineages derived from distant hybridization between female common carp and male blunt snout bream, this study analyzed the genetic variation in their mitochondrial genomes to investigate the impact of distant hybridization on mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) structural variation. Analysis of complete mitochondrial genome sequence structure and composition revealed subtle structural divergence across generations in both the IDC and IDMC lineages. Analysis of the protein-coding gene sequence structure demonstrated mitochondrial genome structure instability in nascent hybrid diploid lineages. Yet, subsequent self-crossing significantly narrowed the range of structural variation within each lineage. Furthermore, analysis of the genetic variation in the mitochondrial genome sequence structure revealed that paternal base insertions occurred in both F1 lineages, accompanied by mutations predominantly consistent with those in crucian carp. The results of this study also indicated that the strictness of the paternal mtDNA elimination mechanism varied significantly among polymorphic individuals across different generations of the hybrid lineages, reflecting the randomness of paternal leakage.},
}

@article {pmid41750424,
year = {2026},
author = {Suigo, L and Lanzini, A and Straniero, V and Margolin, W},
title = {Mechanistic Insights into the Antimicrobial Effect of Benzodioxane-Benzamides Against Escherichia coli.},
journal = {Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {15},
number = {2},
pages = {},
pmid = {41750424},
issn = {2079-6382},
support = {GM131705/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/United States ; },
abstract = {Background/Objectives: The bacterial cell division machinery is emerging as an attractive target for antimicrobial compounds. FtsZ, a highly conserved essential division protein, is the target for a number of small molecules such as benzamides. Recent studies show that benzodioxane-benzamides (BDOBs) are among the most potent inhibitors of FtsZ function in Gram-positive bacteria, although their ability to inhibit Gram-negative FtsZ, in particular Escherichia coli FtsZ, has been more controversial. Methods: Here, we use genetic and cytological methods to demonstrate that FtsZ of efflux pump-disabled E. coli can be efficiently targeted by BDOBs. Results: We show that engineered mutants and spontaneous variants map in or near the interdomain cleft (IDC) of FtsZ that confers resistance to BDOBs, similar to previous results with Gram-positive FtsZs. We also uncover spontaneous extragenic mutants that can confer high levels of resistance to at least one potent BDOB, including a mutant that encodes a novel hyperfission variant of the essential cell division protein FtsW. Conclusions: Our evidence indicates that as with Gram-positive bacteria, the IDC of Gram-negative bacterial FtsZ is directly targeted by BDOBs, provided efflux pumps are disabled. We also conclude that FtsZ-independent factors can influence the effect of BDOBs on E. coli cell division, including activation of division septum synthesis.},
}

@article {pmid41749909,
year = {2026},
author = {Ultimescu, F and Ardeleanu, C and Ginghina, O and Mardare, M and Zamfir, M and Puscasu, AI and Bondoc, I and Vacarasu, AB and Antoniu, T and Hudita, A and Galateanu, B and Gales, L and Serban, E and Liscu, HD and Ionescu, AI and Ceausu, M and Olinca, MV},
title = {From Static to Dynamic: Adaptive Molecular Subtyping in Treated Breast Cancers-Evidence from Single-Center Retrospective Cohort Study.},
journal = {Cancers},
volume = {18},
number = {4},
pages = {},
pmid = {41749909},
issn = {2072-6694},
abstract = {Background/Objective: Breast cancer (BC) management has traditionally relied on static clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical biomarkers (hormone receptor status, HER2 expression, and proliferative activity assessed at diagnosis). However, these biomarkers are typically evaluated at a single time point and may not reflect therapy-induced molecular evolution. This study evaluates whether longitudinal molecular profiling before and after treatment better characterizes tumor dynamics and provides clinically actionable insights into treatment response, resistance, and prognosis. Methods: Thirty-two patients with invasive breast carcinoma were analyzed using histopathology, immunohistochemistry, tissue-based next-generation sequencing, and plasma circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) analysis. Paired tumor tissue and plasma samples were collected before and after treatment when available. Changes in biomarker expression, molecular subtype, and genomic alterations were assessed to characterize molecular plasticity under therapeutic pressure. Results: The cohort had a median age of 54 years (range 29-86), predominantly invasive ductal carcinoma (>85%), and high-grade disease. Hormone receptor-positive tumors accounted for 78.1%. Molecular subtypes were Luminal A (34.4%), Luminal B HER2- (40.6%), Luminal B HER2+ (6.3%), HER2-enriched (6.3%), and triple-negative breast cancer (12.5%). Initial tissue sequencing identified PI3K/AKT pathway alterations in 28.1% of cases. Post-treatment analyses revealed substantial molecular discordance, including progesterone receptor loss (33.3%), HER2 status changes (33.3%), and Ki67 variability (77.8%). Plasma ctDNA analysis was informative in 53.1% of patients and identified additional clinically relevant alterations, including FGFR1 amplification and BRCA1/2 variants not detected in tissue. Conclusions: BC molecular profiles are dynamic and frequently altered by therapy. Longitudinal molecular assessment reveals clinically actionable changes overlooked by static subtyping, supporting a dynamic model of molecular classification, highlighting the potential value of adaptive molecular subtyping to improve treatment stratification and resistance monitoring.},
}

@article {pmid41748602,
year = {2026},
author = {Ativi, WX and Chen, W and Kwao, L and Ayivi, W and Sam, F and Alqahtani, A and Gu, YH and Al-Antari, MA},
title = {CMAF-Net: cross-modal attention fusion with information-theoretic regularization for imbalanced breast cancer histopathology.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1038/s41598-025-32794-1},
pmid = {41748602},
issn = {2045-2322},
support = {U22B2061//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; RGP2/314/45//Deanship of Scientific Research, King Khalid University, Saudi Arabia/ ; IITP-2025-RS-2024-00437191//Institute of Information & Communications Technology Planning & Evaluation (IITP) - Information Technology Research Center (ITRC), Ministry of Science and ICT, Republic of Korea/ ; IITP-2025-RS-2024-00437191//Institute of Information & Communications Technology Planning & Evaluation (IITP) - Information Technology Research Center (ITRC), Ministry of Science and ICT, Republic of Korea/ ; },
abstract = {Breast cancer diagnosis from histopathology images remains challenging due to two intertwined factors: severe class imbalance, where malignant cases represent a small minority of samples, and the need to integrate discriminative features across multiple spatial scales. Existing methods typically address imbalance and multi-scale fusion separately, leading to biased or redundant representations. We propose CMAF-Net, a theoretically grounded architecture that unifies information bottleneck principles with margin-based learning to jointly tackle these challenges. CMAF-Net employs a dual-branch CNN-Transformer backbone fused through a Cross-Modal Attention Fusion block, which implements temperature-controlled attention and redundancy minimization to preserve complementary local and global features. At the classification level, we introduce an Adaptive Class-Balanced Focal Loss that operationalizes margin theory under imbalance, enforcing larger margins for minority classes while dynamically adapting to feature distributions. Extensive experiments on the IDC dataset show that CMAF-Net achieves 94.92% sensitivity and 95.52% balanced accuracy, outperforming state-of-the-art baselines by up to 8.6% on malignant detection. Under extreme 99:1 imbalance, CMAF-Net maintains 76.45% sensitivity, demonstrating graceful degradation where competing methods fail catastrophically. Cross-dataset evaluation on BreakHis confirms robust zero-shot transfer across four magnifications with average sensitivity of 95.61%. Ablation studies and information-theoretic analyses validate the contributions of each component, while computational profiling shows CMAF-Net achieves superior accuracy-efficiency trade-offs compared to prior fusion networks. Beyond breast cancer, our framework establishes a principled template for information-theoretic fusion under class imbalance, with implications for rare disease detection, clinical decision support, and broader multi-modal learning tasks.},
}

@article {pmid41741671,
year = {2026},
author = {Lee, KH and Yang, Y and Heo, J and Kim, JH},
title = {Optimization of enhancement-mode MIS-GaN HEMT with dual channel for simple process using TCAD simulation.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1038/s41598-026-41105-1},
pmid = {41741671},
issn = {2045-2322},
abstract = {A metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS) GaN high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) utilizing a dual-channel structure is demonstrated for enhancement-mode (E-mode) operation using the Synopsys Sentaurus™ technology computer-aided design (TCAD) simulator. The MIS dual-channel HEMT (IDC-HEMT) employs two AlGaN/GaN heterojunction layers to form two two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) layers. Electrons in the lower 2DEG layer induce a continuous negative bias body effect on the upper channel, shifting the threshold voltage (Vth) in the positive direction and enabling E-mode operation. This structure achieves E-mode operation without requiring additional complex fabrication steps, such as the precise etching processes used in recessed gate or p-GaN gate designs. The 2DEG sheet density in the upper 2DEG of the MIS single-channel HEMT (ISC-HEMT) and IDC-HEMT are 5.49 × 10[12] cm[- 2] and 3.43 × 10[12] cm[- 2], respectively, while the lower 2DEG in the IDC-HEMT has sheet density of 0.76 × 10[12] cm[- 2], all obtained in the access region with a gate and drain bias of 0 V. Due to the reduced 2DEG sheet density in the upper 2DEG, the proposed IDC-HEMT exhibits degraded performance in on-resistance (Ron), with values 28.7 Ω∙mm, respectively, compared to the ISC-HEMT, which has and a Ron of 22.7 Ω mm. However, the Vth of the ISC-HEMT is - 1.41 V, while that of the IDC-HEMT is 0.25 V, demonstrating a significant positive shift of 1.66 V. This confirms that the proposed IDC-HEMT can operate in E-mode.},
}

@article {pmid41740233,
year = {2026},
author = {Martín-Quesada, AI and Martín-Abreu, C},
title = {Advances in the management of metastatic lobular breast cancer: Current evidence and emerging treatments.},
journal = {Seminars in oncology},
volume = {53},
number = {2},
pages = {152466},
doi = {10.1016/j.seminoncol.2026.152466},
pmid = {41740233},
issn = {1532-8708},
abstract = {Invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) comprises ∼10%-15% of breast cancers and is characterized by loss of the cell-adhesion molecule E-cadherin (encoded by CDH1), discohesive growth, predominant estrogen receptor (ER) positivity, low-to-intermediate proliferation, and atypical metastatic spread to bone and gastrointestinal/peritoneal sites. Diagnostic assessment is often challenging owing to diffuse infiltration, frequently yielding non-measurable disease per response evaluation criteria in solid tumors (RECIST). Molecularly, ILC is enriched for phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) activation and harbors emerging vulnerabilities-such as ROS1 synthetic lethality in CDH1-deficient tumors and fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1)/bromodomain and extra-terminal (BET) dependencies-now under study. Because metastatic ILC remains underrepresented in trials, systemic therapy often mirrors invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC). This short communication synthesizes current evidence to distinguish shared from plausibly lobular-specific signals; highlights near-term opportunities-including antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), oral selective ER degraders (SERDs), and selective use of immunotherapy in an immune-enriched subset with higher tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and PD-L1; and outlines trial-design adaptations-such as incorporating 18F-fluoroestradiol PET (FES-PET)-to improve representation and interpretability in metastatic ILC research.},
}

@article {pmid41737064,
year = {2026},
author = {Verma, P and Khurana, R and Kumar, S and Poojari, A and Rastogi, M and Agarwal, N and Gandhi, AK and Bharati, A and Mittal, K and Srivastava, S},
title = {Evaluation of Patterns of Recurrences in Patients With Breast Carcinoma: Are We Treating the Right Volumes, or Does the Tumor Biology Play the Role?.},
journal = {Cureus},
volume = {18},
number = {1},
pages = {e102214},
pmid = {41737064},
issn = {2168-8184},
abstract = {Purpose The study's purpose is to evaluate the patterns of locoregional recurrences (LRRs) in women with breast cancer treated with curative intent surgery with conventional postoperative radiation therapy and to assess whether LRRs are mainly related to clinical target volume (CTV) coverage, tumor biology, or both. Materials and methods This was a retrospective observational study conducted between 2016 and 2023; 151 patients with histopathologically proven infiltrating ductal carcinoma (IDC) of the breast were included in the study. After modified radical mastectomy or breast-conserving surgery (BCS) with axillary dissection or sentinel lymph node biopsy, based on the indications, patients also received regional nodal irradiation (RNI). Patients were treated with 50 Gy in 25 fractions with an additional 10-16 Gy boost in 5-8 fractions in BCS patients by conventional field border-based plans on the linear accelerator. Patients who developed LRRs were studied and mapped for patterns of recurrences and compared with the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) guidelines of CTV delineation. All cases of bilateral breast cancer were excluded. In all cases, regional RNI, including supraclavicular and axillary lymph node irradiation, was done, while internal mammary chain (IMN) irradiation was done in 19% of cases only. Results Median follow-up was 60 months. Of 151 patients, 15 (10%) developed LRRs. When compared to the index population, 40% of the patients in the recurrence group had triple-negative breast carcinoma versus 35.1% in the index population group, and 27% in the recurrence group were human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive versus 17% in the index group. Five-year LRR-free survival, distant metastasis-free survival, and overall survival were 90.07%, 82.79%, and 89.41%, respectively. Most of the patients with recurrences had aggressive biological features with IDC grade 3 tumors in 10/15 (67%), >4 node-positive disease in 15/15 (100%), triple-negative tumors in 6/15 (40%), and HER2neu 3+ disease in 4/15 (26.67%) (three out of the four patients had taken one year of anti-HER2 therapy also). Lymphovascular invasion was observed in 10/15 cases (67%). In 10 (67%) cases, LRRs were diagnosed simultaneously as the metastatic disease, while five (33%) patients presented with distant metastases secondarily. Chest wall (local) recurrences occurred in 12 (80%) cases, which also had a marginal failure, i.e., at the posterior border of RTOG volumes; 13 (87%) regional recurrences were observed in 11 patients; of these, seven (53.8%) recurrences occurred in the supraclavicular fossa. Four (31%) recurrences occurred inside the RTOG level III axilla, and two (15%) recurrences occurred inside the RTOG volume in the IMN. Of all 13 regional recurrences, only 3/13 (23%) regional recurrences occurred outside RTOG CTV, while 10 (77%) recurrences occurred inside RTOG volumes. Conclusion Our study showed that LRRs predominantly occurred in patients with aggressive tumor biology. Approximately 70% of failures were covered inside RTOG volumes, which indicates that if RTOG volume-directed planning had been used for radiation treatment in such high-risk patients, these geographical misses could have been avoided. Adopting RTOG guidelines for volume delineation in high-risk cases with aggressive histology might be beneficial. However, further follow-up and meticulous documentation of the recurrences are needed to improve their understanding.},
}

@article {pmid41735610,
year = {2026},
author = {Sadeghi, M and Ghaderi, A and Mousavi, P and Sabetian, S and Ramezani, A and Haghshenas, MR},
title = {FN1 as a key gene in modulating the integrin cell surface pathway in breast cancer.},
journal = {Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England)},
volume = {43},
number = {4},
pages = {},
pmid = {41735610},
issn = {1559-131X},
support = {4000409//deputy of Research in the Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran./ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; *Breast Neoplasms/genetics/metabolism/pathology ; *Fibronectins/genetics/metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics ; DNA Methylation ; *Integrins/metabolism/genetics ; Antigens, CD/genetics ; *Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/genetics/pathology/metabolism ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Middle Aged ; Cadherins ; },
abstract = {Breast carcinoma represents the most prevalent form of invasive neoplasia among the female population globally, and is distinguished by its molecular heterogeneity by significant genomic instability. The discipline of bioinformatics provides essential tools for the identification of novel biomarkers and enhances the prospects for subsequent experimental investigations. Differentially expressed messenger RNAs were assembled by employing datasets sourced from the Gene Expression Omnibus repository. Intersection of DEGs and proteins involving in the integrin cell surface interactions were done. Ce-RNA network were constructed and Functional analysis were done. Protein expression analysis, methylation and, Correlation analysis as well as drug sensitivity analysis for the hub genes were performed. The expression of FN1 were evaluated using Real-Time PCR for 45 invasive ductal carcinoma breast tissues and adjacent normal samples. We found FN1, CDH1, COMP, SPP1 and ITGA7 to act in integrin cell surface interactions. The Ce-RNA network consisted of 126 nodes and 192 edges which the network nodes were significantly enriched in known cancer pathways. Protein expressions of FN1, CDH1, COMP was upregulated while ITGA7 were downregulated. The methylation levels in ITGA7 and SPP1 promoter regions were significantly altered across all stages compared to normal. In contrast, FN1 and CDH1 promoter regions exhibited dysregulation only in stage 3 relative to normal. A correlation study identified five positive and three negative gene correlations. Altered expression of FN1, SPP1, CDH1, and ITGA7 in breast cancer enhanced cancer cell susceptibility to specific pharmacological molecules. FN1 expression was markedly higher in breast cancer tissues compared to non-cancerous tissues, showing a threefold increase (p < 0.0001). Both early-stage and advanced-stage cancers showed higher FN1 levels (p = 0.002, p = 0.01). Additionally, FN1 was higher in lower histological grade tissues (p = 0.0002). In ROC curve analysis with limited stage III samples, FN1 showed potential for diagnosing IDC, achieving an AUC of 0.82. We identified FN1 as a highly connected component of integrin cell-surface interactions in breast cancer and provide hypothesis-generating associations with drug sensitivity; these findings require further protein-level validation and functional testing before translational application.},
}

Humans
Female
*Breast Neoplasms/genetics/metabolism/pathology
*Fibronectins/genetics/metabolism
Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
DNA Methylation
*Integrins/metabolism/genetics
Antigens, CD/genetics
*Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/genetics/pathology/metabolism
Promoter Regions, Genetic
Middle Aged
Cadherins

@article {pmid41730259,
year = {2026},
author = {Dupont, AC and Farges, M and Chapelle, B and Cancel, M and Ribeiro, MS},
title = {From One Cancer to Two: [[18]F]FES PET/CT Redirected Diagnosis and Therapy in a Metastatic Breast Cancer Patient.},
journal = {Clinical nuclear medicine},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1097/RLU.0000000000006386},
pmid = {41730259},
issn = {1536-0229},
abstract = {A 59-year-old woman with an ulcerated right breast lesion was diagnosed with ER-positive invasive ductal carcinoma. Staging [[18]F]FDG PET/CT revealed intense uptake in the breast, axillary nodes, a large hypermetabolic pulmonary mass, mediastinal lymphadenopathies, and bone lesions. Because of this metabolic pattern, [[18]F]FES PET/CT was performed, demonstrating [[18]F]FES-avid bone metastases but no uptake in the lung mass. Biopsy confirmed a BRAF V600E-mutated lung adenocarcinoma. [[18]F]FES PET/CT proved crucial in differentiating synchronous primary malignancies from metastatic spread and guiding targeted therapy with dabrafenib-trametinib.},
}

@article {pmid41727395,
year = {2026},
author = {Javed, A and Dreyer, J and Cassidy, D and Amin, S},
title = {Metastatic lobular breast cancer masquerading as achalasia.},
journal = {VideoGIE : an official video journal of the American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy},
volume = {11},
number = {2},
pages = {41-45},
pmid = {41727395},
issn = {2468-4481},
abstract = {BACKGROUND AND AIMS: A 64-year-old woman with stage IV breast cancer taking exemestane presented with weight loss of 10 to 15 pounds and dysphagia of 3 to 6 months in duration. Upper endoscopy and positron emission tomography/computed tomography did not reveal a pathologic diagnosis. Esophageal manometry was suggestive of achalasia. The patient was referred for an esophageal peroral endoscopic myotomy (E-POEM) procedure. We aim to describe a rare finding encountered during submucosal dissection in an E-POEM that may result in an incomplete, aborted, technically challenging, or ineffective procedure.

METHODS: An E-POEM using a posterior approach is our preferred method. E-POEM was planned in the standard fashion. A mucosotomy followed by submucosal injection and dissection was performed, with plan for an extended circular and full-thickness myotomy of the lower esophageal sphincter.

RESULTS: During submucosal dissection, atypical yellow-brown tissue was encountered within the submucosal tunnel. This was initially thought to be related to fibrosis from severe achalasia. In total, 3 tunnels were created with eventual abortion of the procedure because this abnormal tissue was found 3 to 4 cm proximal to the esophagogastric junction in each tunnel. This tissue was biopsied, and all tunnels were closed without any postprocedural adverse event. Pathology demonstrated metastatic lobular breast cancer.

CONCLUSIONS: Invasive lobular breast cancer has a propensity to spread to the GI tract as compared with other forms of cancer such as invasive ductal carcinoma. Endoscopists who perform E-POEM who encounter difficulty expanding the submucosal plane during E-POEM should keep malignancy and metastatic disease in mind as a rare cause of pseudoachalasia, even in the absence of nondiagnostic pre-peroral endoscopic myotomy evaluation.},
}

@article {pmid41726015,
year = {2026},
author = {Nupur, N and Mohanty, M and Panda, K and Mohanty, NR and Dash, S},
title = {Diagnostic Accuracy of the BI-RADS, Using Both Mammograms and Sonograms, in Distinguishing Between Benign and Malignant Breast Masses.},
journal = {Indian journal of surgical oncology},
volume = {17},
number = {2},
pages = {462-468},
pmid = {41726015},
issn = {0975-7651},
abstract = {UNLABELLED: The American College of Radiology (ACR) created the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System, or BI-RADS, to standardize the way radiologists report mammography, ultrasound, and MRI findings. This study aimed to compare the diagnostic accuracy of combined mammography and sonography with that of mammography alone in differentiating malignant from benign breast masses. This 3-year, hospital-based cross-sectional study included female patients presenting with breast lumps. Diagnostic accuracy metrics, including sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and overall accuracy, were calculated with histopathology as the gold standard. This study evaluated 590 female patients with breast lumps (mean age 46.3 years), identifying 330 benign and 260 malignant cases. Fibroadenoma and invasive ductal carcinoma were the most common diagnoses. Patient age and body mass index (BMI) were significantly correlated with diagnosis, with an increased incidence of malignancy in the older and higher BMI groups, unlike fertility status; and, crucially, combining mammography with ultrasonography significantly enhanced breast lesion detection. This combined approach increased the sensitivity from 94.62% to 99.23% and the specificity from 86.67% to 90.91%. Consequently, both the PPV (84.83% to 89.58%) and NPV (95.33% to 99.34%) improved, resulting in an overall increase in diagnostic accuracy from 90.17% to 94.58%. This study revealed that combining mammography and sonography significantly improves the diagnostic accuracy for palpable breast masses, especially in differentiating between benign and malignant lesions. Integrating both imaging techniques into standard practice will lead to early diagnosis of malignant lesions and help avoid unnecessary biopsies for benign lesions.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13193-025-02432-3.},
}

@article {pmid41724602,
year = {2026},
author = {Tao, J and Niu, Z and Zhou, M and Zhao, J and Xiao, M and Zhu, Q},
title = {Viscoelastic Mechanical Properties Assessed by Ultrasound Correlates with Tumor Proliferation in Invasive Ductal Breast Cancer: A Preliminary Study.},
journal = {Ultrasound in medicine & biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2026.01.016},
pmid = {41724602},
issn = {1879-291X},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Ultrasound-based viscoelastic imaging enables the real-time characterization of tissue properties. In this study, we aimed to investigate the correlation between viscoelastic mechanical properties and tumor proliferation in invasive ductal breast cancer (IDC).

METHODS: This prospective study consecutively enrolled patients with IDC during October 2024 and January 2025. All patients underwent preoperative shear-wave elastography (SWE) and ultrasound-based viscoelastic imaging. The viscoelastic mechanical properties (viscosity coefficients [Vmax and Vmean] and dispersion coefficients [Dmax and Dmean]) and SWE (Emax) were measured within the tumor and in a 1-mm peritumoral region (Vtmax, Vtmean, et al.). Patients were stratified into high (Ki-67 ≥ 14%) and low (Ki-67 < 14%) proliferation groups. Viscoelastic mechanical properties and SWE between groups were compared.

RESULTS: Among the 124 female patients with IDC, 94 exhibited high Ki-67 expression while 30 had low Ki-67 expression. No significant differences were observed in SWE-based elasticity between the two groups (p > 0.05). Vmean and Vtmean were lower in the high Ki-67 group (1.1 [0.7-1.7] vs. 1.5 [1.0-2.3], p = 0.020; 1.3 [0.8-1.8] vs. 1.7 [1.1-2.4], p = 0.026, respectively). Using Vmean ≤ 1.2 Pa·s as cutoff value, a significantly higher proportion of high Ki-67 expression was found (64.9% vs. 35.1%, p = 0.016).

CONCLUSION: Viscoelastic mechanical properties, rather than traditional SWE elasticity, correlated with Ki-67 expression in IDC. A lower Vmean may be correlated with higher proliferative activity, potentially serving as a non-invasive imaging biomarker. These findings support further exploration of ultrasound-based viscoelastic imaging for the assessment of tumor microenvironment heterogeneity.},
}

@article {pmid41721009,
year = {2026},
author = {Sengupta, A and Saha, P and Chakraborty, R and Maiti, AK and Chakraborty, S and Datta, A and Datta, AS},
title = {Breast cancer: taxonomy, distribution analysis, risk factors, predictive biomarkers, and modern treatment method.},
journal = {Apoptosis : an international journal on programmed cell death},
volume = {31},
number = {3},
pages = {},
pmid = {41721009},
issn = {1573-675X},
}

@article {pmid41719937,
year = {2026},
author = {Westermann, S and Bennühr, BC and Fumo, AR and Rohm, M and Hiller, K},
title = {Muscle-immune metabolic crosstalk: shared pathways in cachexia and exercise.},
journal = {Current opinion in biotechnology},
volume = {98},
number = {},
pages = {103455},
doi = {10.1016/j.copbio.2026.103455},
pmid = {41719937},
issn = {1879-0429},
abstract = {Skeletal muscle and the immune system continuously exchange metabolites and signals that are essential for homeostasis. Disruption of this communication, such as during infection, inflammation, or cancer, triggers cachexia, a severe wasting syndrome characterized by altered amino acid flux, mitochondrial dysfunction, and systemic energy imbalance. By contrast, regular exercise activates overlapping pathways but directs them toward regeneration and hypertrophy, supported by controlled cytokine release and metabolite exchange. This review outlines the metabolic reprogramming that underlies muscle-immune crosstalk in cachexia and exercise, emphasizing how identical mediators, including interleukin-6, can promote either catabolism or adaptation depending on context. Understanding these shared yet divergent pathways opens avenues for therapeutic strategies that target metabolism and immune-metabolic communication.},
}

@article {pmid41718582,
year = {2026},
author = {Gilchrist, FJ and Clayton, S and Carroll, WD},
title = {Saving money but costing lives: the lack of integrated dose counters on pressurised metered dose inhalers.},
journal = {Expert opinion on drug delivery},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-7},
doi = {10.1080/17425247.2026.2636180},
pmid = {41718582},
issn = {1744-7593},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Pressurized metered dose inhalers (pMDIs) are used to deliver treatment to individuals with respiratory diseases. Whilst the technology within pMDIs has not significantly changed in the last 25 years, some changes in legislation and supply have taken place. These have been driven by pragmatism, cost and most recently concerns about the environmental impact of the propellants used within their manufacture. A major issue affecting patients in most countries, is the large number of pMDIs without an integrated dose counter (IDC). This makes it difficult or impossible for patients to monitor the number of remaining doses.

AREAS COVERED: This article will review how pMDIs work, their environmental impact and the adverse clinical effects of not having an IDC. It will also look at the scale and cost of the issue as well as ways in which individuals can safely assess if their pMDI is empty of medication.

EXPERT OPINION: We conclude there is an urgent need for IDCs on short acting beta agonist (SABA) pMDIs to be made mandatory as this is likely to reduce asthma exacerbations and deaths. Whilst waiting for this to happen, patients should be shown how to weigh their SABA canister to identify when it needs to be replaced.},
}

@article {pmid41713211,
year = {2026},
author = {Esteban-Burgos, AA and Molina-Mérida, R and Granero-Moya, N and Iribarne-Durán, LM and Montoya-Juárez, R and López-Morales, M},
title = {[Identification of palliative needs, complexities and other clinical variables in complex chronic patients in primary care in Andalusia: INCO-Pal study].},
journal = {Atencion primaria},
volume = {58},
number = {5},
pages = {103469},
pmid = {41713211},
issn = {1578-1275},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To describe palliative care needs, case and palliative complexity, frailty, prognosis, and other relevant clinical variables in complex chronic patients (CCPs) attended in Primary Care in Andalusia.

DESIGN: Descriptive, cross-sectional, multicentre study. SITE: Primary care centres in the eight provinces of Andalusia.

PARTICIPANTS: 179 CCPs randomly selected by case management nurses trained in the use of assessment tools.

INTERVENTIONS: Sociodemographic and clinical variables were collected, and validated tools were applied: NECPAL-ICO-CCOMS© for palliative needs, Frágil-VIG for frailty, ICCa for case complexity, IDC-Pal for palliative complexity, and the PROFUND and PPI indices to estimate prognosis.

MAIN MEASUREMENTS: The mean age was 80.59 (±9.764) years, and 54.7% were women. Forty-two point five per cent met NECPAL criteria for advanced PCC. The mean frailty was 0.37 (±0.166). Forty-one point three per cent were classified as complex cases (ICCa) and 26.3% presented high palliative complexity (IDC-Pal). The one-year mortality risk was 45-50% (PROFUND), with an estimated mean survival of 135days (PPI).

RESULTS: Statistically significant differences (P≤0,05) were found in tool scores by sex, presence of cognitive impairment, and caregiver availability. Significant correlations were observed between frailty, complexity, and prognosis.

CONCLUSIONS: A high proportion of CCPs in Primary Care in Andalusia present palliative needs, frailty, and clinical and social complexity, with a limited life expectancy. These findings evidence the need for systematic comprehensive assessments to identify early patients requiring specific palliative care and to optimize the use of health and social care resources.},
}

@article {pmid41710858,
year = {2026},
author = {Czyz, S and Marszal, W and Marszal, R},
title = {From Prophylactic Screening to Definitive Treatment: A Case Report of Breast Cancer in a Young Woman.},
journal = {Cureus},
volume = {18},
number = {1},
pages = {e101722},
pmid = {41710858},
issn = {2168-8184},
abstract = {This article presents the case of a 39-year-old woman with a positive family history of breast cancer (her family member had left breast cancer, cT4N2M0, non-luminal human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive). During routine prophylactic ultrasonographic examination, a breast mass was detected, which, on further diagnostics, turned out to be an invasive ductal carcinoma of the left breast. The stage of the disease was determined as pT1cN1mic(sn), Nottingham Histologic Grade 3 (NHG 3). The patient was subjected to surgical treatment, which involved left mastectomy with simultaneous removal of the axillary sentinel lymph node. Subsequently, adjuvant chemotherapy was administered, including a "dose-dense" regimen with the use of doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide, followed by treatment with paclitaxel. During chemotherapy, complications related to the implantation of a vascular port occurred, which resulted in its removal before the completion of treatment. After the completion of chemotherapy, breast reconstruction was performed. During the entire treatment process, extended genetic diagnostics were performed, which did not demonstrate the presence of pathogenic gene mutations. The treatment was completed, and the patient remains under continuous care of the oncology outpatient clinic.},
}

@article {pmid41710445,
year = {2026},
author = {Seifert, L and Guignard, B and Létocart, A and Regaieg, MA and Guimard, A and Chollet, D and Carmigniani, R and Pouleau, N and Charentus, A and Leprêtre, PM},
title = {Stroke Rate and Arm Coordination Management in Swimming in A Double Paralympic Triathlete Champion.},
journal = {Journal of sports science & medicine},
volume = {25},
number = {1},
pages = {211-220},
pmid = {41710445},
issn = {1303-2968},
mesh = {Humans ; *Swimming/physiology ; Energy Metabolism/physiology ; Oxygen Consumption ; Male ; *Arm/physiology ; *Athletic Performance/physiology ; Lactic Acid/blood ; Adult ; *Sports for Persons with Disabilities/physiology ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; *Para-Athletes ; Competitive Behavior/physiology ; *Motor Skills/physiology ; },
abstract = {The 2024 Paris Paralympic triathlon required swimming with and against the current which requested to adapt stroke mechanics. To understand how a Paralympic triathlete champion might adapt his stroke mechanics under varying current conditions, this study aimed to 1) determine the range and optimal stroke rate (SR) and index of coordination (IdC); 2) examine the flexibility of SR, IdC and associated total energy expenditure. The para triathlete performed two front crawl tests: 10 times 25m incremented in swimming speed (S), from which S-SR and S-IdC relationships have been modelled to detect two regimes of functioning and the most effective SR; then, 6 times 50 m at the speed of the 800 m freestyle using 6 different SR conditions: spontaneous SR (SRs), SRs imposed by tempo trainer, SRs+3, SRs+6, SRs-3 and SRs-6 cycles. Total energy expenditure was computed from post-exercise oxygen uptake and blood lactate measurements. In test 1, the highest effective SR equals 44 cycle.min[-1], which corresponds to the preferred SR in 800 m freestyle competition. In test 2, the para triathlete struggled to perform the high SR conditions, which was associated to higher total energy expenditure; conversely, the para triathlete naturally decreased SR. It is advised to modulate SR around the preferred SR to optimise efficiency under varying current conditions.},
}

Humans
*Swimming/physiology
Energy Metabolism/physiology
Oxygen Consumption
Male
*Arm/physiology
*Athletic Performance/physiology
Lactic Acid/blood
Adult
*Sports for Persons with Disabilities/physiology
Biomechanical Phenomena
*Para-Athletes
Competitive Behavior/physiology
*Motor Skills/physiology

@article {pmid41708931,
year = {2026},
author = {Pujol, N and Gal, J and Gautier, M and Rizzi, Y and Courtault-Deslandes, F and Schiappa, R and Hannoun-Levi, JM},
title = {Second Ipsilateral Breast Cancer Event: True Recurrence, New Primary, or True Recurrence Like? : Breast Cancer Local Recurrence.},
journal = {Annals of surgical oncology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {41708931},
issn = {1534-4681},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: In the case of a second ipsilateral breast cancer event (2[nd] iBCE) after breast-conserving treatment (BCT), tumor histology and topography are used to distinguish between true recurrence (TR) and new primary (NP). This study aimed to address the lack of data to accurately define TR and NP.

METHODS: Patients experiencing a second iBCE with a second BCT (lumpectomy + brachytherapy) were retrospectively analyzed. Histology (type, grade, hormone receptor [HR], human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 [HER2] status) and second iBCE topography were used to determine TR and NP. Oncologic outcomes of TR and NP were compared by cumulative incidence rate of second local relapse (CI-2[nd] LR), distant metastasis disease (CI-DMD), disease-free survival (DFS), and overall survival (OS). A systematic literature review was performed.

RESULTS: From September 2000 to January 2024, 113 patients met the inclusion criteria (76 TR patients, 37 NP patients). The median age was 52.1 years for the first and 65.4 years for the second iBCE. The median interval between the two breast surgeries (TIS1S2) was 149.3 months. The second iBCE occurred at a distance from the first iBCE (82.3%), was invasive ductal carcinoma (83.2%), and had a luminal profile (92%). With a median follow-up period of 78.9 months, CI-2[nd] LR was 4%, CI-DMD was 8%, DFS was 87%, and OS was 90%. No significant difference in oncologic outcome was observed between TR and NP (CI-2[nd] LR: 3 vs 6% [p = 0.9]/CI-DMD: 9 vs 5% [p = 0.6]/OS: 90 vs 91% [p = 0.5]).

CONCLUSION: This study suggests that TR and NP dichotomy based on tumor histology and topography does not necessarily support TR therapeutic consequences. In case of late TR, a second BCT could be carefully discussed for patients who wish to preserve their breast.},
}

@article {pmid41707646,
year = {2026},
author = {Cheng, Y and Wan, L and Huang, E and Zheng, B and Ding, X and Tan, S and Ma, G and Li, W and Chu, C and Wu, T and Chen, S and Zhuang, J and Na, R and Chen, Z and Teng, G and Zhang, D and Ju, S and Chen, M and Xu, B},
title = {A conserved eIF1A[+] luminal cell-centered hypoxic and "cold" tumor microenvironment promotes pan-subtype prostate cancer progression.},
journal = {Cell reports. Medicine},
volume = {7},
number = {2},
pages = {102619},
pmid = {41707646},
issn = {2666-3791},
mesh = {Male ; Humans ; *Prostatic Neoplasms/pathology/metabolism/genetics ; *Tumor Microenvironment ; Disease Progression ; Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit/metabolism/genetics ; Animals ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Mice ; },
abstract = {Prostate cancer (PCa) is a malignancy with high heterogeneity arising from tumor microenvironment and histological subtypes. Identifying conserved progression drivers within such heterogeneity is essential for improving clinical outcomes. Using imaging mass cytometry, this study analyzes 38 proteins across paracancerous tissue and four histological subtypes: low-grade prostate acinar adenocarcinoma (LgPAC), high-grade PAC (HgPAC), intraductal carcinoma (IDC), and ductal adenocarcinoma (DAC). Results reveal that eIF1A is overexpressed in high-risk subtypes including HgPAC, IDC, and DAC and correlates with poor prognosis. In luminal cells, EIF1A knockdown and the translation inhibitor homoharringtonine (HHT) both suppress HIF-1α translation and tumor growth, while promoting infiltration of anticancer immune cells including PD-1[-] T cells and CD163[-] macrophages. Clinically, neoadjuvant HHT combined with androgen deprivation therapy reduces hypoxia and enhances immune cell infiltration, as shown by single-cell RNA sequencing. Collectively, this work defines conserved molecular features across PCa subtypes, providing promising insights for clinical management. This study was registered at Clinicaltrials.gov (NCT06834321).},
}

Male
Humans
*Prostatic Neoplasms/pathology/metabolism/genetics
*Tumor Microenvironment
Disease Progression
Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit/metabolism/genetics
Animals
Cell Line, Tumor
Mice

@article {pmid41703656,
year = {2026},
author = {Bekai, C and Stirling, M},
title = {Metastatic breast cancer presenting with dyspeptic symptoms: a case report.},
journal = {Journal of medical case reports},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1186/s13256-026-05864-9},
pmid = {41703656},
issn = {1752-1947},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Breast cancer is among the most commonly diagnosed malignancies worldwide. While distant metastases typically involve the bone, lung, liver, and brain, metastasis to the gastrointestinal tract is uncommon and occurs disproportionately in invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC). The clinical presentation is often nonspecific, which can delay diagnosis. This case presents the synchronous diagnosis of both primary breast cancer and gastric metastasis.

CASE PRESENTATION: A 78-year-old woman presented with chronic belching, dyspepsia, and intermittent melena. Initial treatment and improvement with proton pump inhibitor therapy, suggested a primary gastrointestinal disorder. However, gastric biopsy confirmed metastatic invasive lobular carcinoma, and subsequent imaging revealed diffuse bony metastases.

CONCLUSIONS: This case highlights the synchronous diagnosis of gastric metastases originating from invasive lobular carcinoma with its associated diagnostic complexities and the limitations of traditional imaging modalities in detecting such metastases. Early recognition and accurate diagnosis are crucial for guiding appropriate treatment and improving patient outcomes. Therefore, we present a case that suggests considering breast cancer metastasis in the differential diagnosis for patients presenting with nonspecific gastrointestinal symptoms, even in the absence of breast-related complaints, is a reasonable clinical approach.},
}

@article {pmid41702510,
year = {2026},
author = {Vu, ATT and Shrestha, P and Le Thi, TH and Giri, A and Pham, KY and Nguyen, TTK and Cho, J and Kweon, S and Lee, NK and Hong, IS and Kwon, TK and Kang, JS and Jeong, JH and Yook, S},
title = {Protein corona-guided delivery of dextran-PLGA NPs for enhanced dendritic cell uptake, maturation and improved cancer immunotherapy.},
journal = {Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society},
volume = {392},
number = {},
pages = {114733},
doi = {10.1016/j.jconrel.2026.114733},
pmid = {41702510},
issn = {1873-4995},
abstract = {The formation of a protein corona (PC) significantly influences the behavior of nanoparticles (NPs) in biological fluids; however, its impact on immune modulation and therapeutic efficacy has not been completely understood. The dextran coating of NPs has demonstrated promising effects, including complement system activation and enhanced immune cell uptake. The stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway plays a vital role in coordinating innate and adaptive immunity, making STING agonists attractive candidates for cancer immunotherapy. In this study, we developed dextran-coated PLGA nanoparticles loaded with SR717 (Dex-PLGA@SR717 NPs) for enhanced uptake by immature dendritic cells (iDCs) and for promoting tumor-targeted immune activation. Following incubation with human serum (HS), Dex-PLGA NPs formed a PC enriched in the complement component C3, which resulted in superior cellular internalization compared with uncoated PLGA NPs. The significant role of Dex-PLGA@SR717 NPs in promoting iDC maturation and enhancing antigen presentation was confirmed through in vitro studies. This facilitated robust T cell activation and cytotoxicity against B16F10 melanoma cells. Biodistribution analysis revealed preferential accumulation of Dex-PLGA@SR717 NPs in immune-related organs, such as the spleen and lymph nodes, further supporting their immunostimulatory potential. In a murine tumor model, intravenous administration of Dex-PLGA@SR717 NPs (10 mg/kg SR717) was observed to effectively suppressed tumor growth by eliciting a potent antitumor immune response. These findings highlight the potential of Dex-PLGA@SR717 NPs as a promising immunotherapeutic nanoplatform for enhancing dendritic cell-mediated cancer treatment.},
}

@article {pmid41695362,
year = {2026},
author = {Li, S and Huang, T and Feng, M and Deng, M and Chen, X and Li, X and Mo, D},
title = {HER-2 overexpressing breast cancer during pregnancy: a case report and literature review.},
journal = {Frontiers in oncology},
volume = {16},
number = {},
pages = {1725927},
pmid = {41695362},
issn = {2234-943X},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Breast cancer during pregnancy (PrBC) is rare but increasingly reported due to delayed childbearing, widespread assisted reproduction, and younger onset of breast cancer. Among these, HER2-overexpressing subtypes pose particular clinical challenges in balancing effective oncologic control with fetal safety. It requires a delicate balance between optimizing maternal oncologic outcomes and ensuring fetal safety.

CASE PRESENTATION: We report the case of a 33-year-old woman diagnosed with HER-2 overexpressing invasive ductal carcinoma of the right breast at 16 weeks of gestation. Driven by a strong desire to continue the pregnancy, the patient, in consultation with a multidisciplinary team, opted for neoadjuvant chemotherapy. From 17 to 31 weeks' gestation, she received four cycles of epirubicin and cyclophosphamide, followed by one cycle of nab-paclitaxel, achieving a partial response. At 37 weeks, she underwent a successful vaginal delivery, giving birth to a healthy female infant. Postpartum, she continued her neoadjuvant treatment with three cycles of nab-paclitaxel plus dual anti-HER2 therapy (trastuzumab and pertuzumab). After completing the full neoadjuvant regimen, she underwent breast-conserving surgery, and pathology confirmed a complete response. Her postoperative treatment included adjuvant dual anti-HER2 therapy and whole-breast radiotherapy. At the last follow-up (18 months post-delivery), the mother showed no signs of recurrence, and the child exhibited normal growth and neurodevelopment.

CONCLUSIONS: This case demonstrates that with careful multidisciplinary planning and individualized treatment strategies, it is feasible to achieve both successful maternal oncologic control and the delivery of a healthy baby in patients with HER-2 overexpressing breast cancer during pregnancy. This case contributes valuable evidence to the management of this complex clinical scenario.},
}

@article {pmid41694167,
year = {2026},
author = {Eren, A and Karatay, E and Durur-Subasi, I},
title = {The Role and Feasibility of Automated Breast Ultrasound in the Evaluation of Male Breast Disease: Workflow Efficiency and Imaging Spectrum.},
journal = {Cureus},
volume = {18},
number = {2},
pages = {e103467},
pmid = {41694167},
issn = {2168-8184},
abstract = {Traditional hand-held ultrasonography (HHUS) suffers from inherent limitations, including operator dependency, lack of reproducibility, and long acquisition times in busy clinical settings. Automated breast ultrasound (ABUS) addresses these drawbacks by providing standardized, three-dimensional, and operator-independent imaging that separates acquisition from interpretation. While the diagnostic performance of ABUS has been extensively validated for supplemental screening in females with dense breast tissue, its specific application in the male population remains an unexplored frontier in the literature. Objective The objective of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic value, workflow advantages, and imaging spectrum of ABUS in male breast diseases based on a large-scale, single-center experience. Methods This retrospective study included 85 male patients (mean age: 36.6 ± 13.7 years) who underwent ABUS between April 2023 and February 2025. Inclusion criteria focused on symptomatic patients and those requiring high-risk screening or follow-up. Recall rates, complementary imaging frequency, and the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System or BI-RADS categories were analyzed. Results Breast pain (53 cases, 62.4%) was the most common symptom, and gynecomastia (29 cases, 34.1%) was the most frequent finding. The recall rate for secondary HHUS was 1.2% (1 case). Three biopsies revealed one lipoma, one invasive ductal carcinoma, and one papillary carcinoma. Conclusion ABUS provides a standardized, reproducible evaluation of male breast diseases with minimal recall and optimized workflow efficiency. It serves as a promising adjunct to standard imaging protocols, particularly in younger males where avoiding radiation is preferable, and offers a unique anatomical plane (C-plane).},
}

@article {pmid41685202,
year = {2026},
author = {Wake, H and Watanabe, K and Tanami, H},
title = {Surgical Management of Breast Cancer Adjacent to a Calcified Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt: A Case Report.},
journal = {Surgical case reports},
volume = {12},
number = {1},
pages = {},
pmid = {41685202},
issn = {2198-7793},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Breast cancer arising in tissue adjacent to a ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt is exceptionally rare, and there is little guidance on how to manage the shunt hardware during oncologic surgery in such cases.

CASE PRESENTATION: The patient was a 46-year-old woman with a history of intellectual disability and hydrocephalus. She had undergone VP shunt placement via the left chest wall for hydrocephalus during childhood. Decades later, she was admitted to our hospital for the examination and treatment of left breast cancer. Imaging studies revealed a tumor in the left nipple, with the shunt catheter passing as close as 12 mm from the tumor. During radical mastectomy for breast cancer, it became clear that preserving the catheter was not feasible. Consequently, the shunt catheter was rerouted, and both the left breast and the catheter were removed as a single unit. Pathological findings of a resection specimen revealed invasive ductal carcinoma pT2N1M0, pStage IIB. Although the catheter had been positioned very closely to the tumor, no cancer progression was observed along the catheter.

CONCLUSIONS: The present case is noteworthy for describing a rare case of mastectomy for breast cancer involving repositioning of an ipsilateral catheter. Included in this report is a review of past studies.},
}

@article {pmid41685010,
year = {2026},
author = {Purohit, T and Sahu, S and Dandekar, M and Verma, D},
title = {Expression of PTEN and p53 and Their Clinicopathological Correlation in Breast Cancer.},
journal = {Cureus},
volume = {18},
number = {1},
pages = {e101323},
pmid = {41685010},
issn = {2168-8184},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Breast cancer is one of the most common malignancies in women and is a major cause of cancer-related mortality. Alterations in the expression of tumor suppressor genes such as PTEN and p53 may influence tumor behavior and prognosis. This study aimed to evaluate the immunohistochemical expression of PTEN and p53 in breast carcinoma and analyze their association with clinicopathological parameters.

METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 50 histologically confirmed female breast carcinoma cases. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) for PTEN and p53 was performed using standard protocols. PTEN expression was assessed based on cytoplasmic and nuclear staining intensity and categorized as positive or negative. p53 expression was evaluated as nuclear positivity and categorized similarly. Statistical analysis was done using standard significance tests.

RESULTS: The mean patient age was 49.8 years. The most common histologic subtype was infiltrating ductal carcinoma (IDC). Loss of PTEN expression was found in most of the cases and was associated with higher tumor grade and lymph node metastasis. Most cases exhibited p53 overexpression, which showed trends toward an association with higher tumor grade, premenopausal status, and lymph node positivity. An inverse relationship was noted between PTEN loss and p53 positivity.

CONCLUSIONS: PTEN loss and p53 overexpression were frequent in breast carcinoma and correlated with aggressive tumor features. Combined assessment of these biomarkers may provide prognostic value and support therapeutic decision-making in breast cancer.},
}

@article {pmid41684983,
year = {2026},
author = {Sikandar, F and Zahid, S and Basit Ali, A and Younas, A and Mani Tripathi, K and Fatima, P and Fatima, F},
title = {Clinicopathological Characteristics and Postoperative Outcomes of Patients Undergoing Modified Radical Mastectomy: A Retrospective Study.},
journal = {Cureus},
volume = {18},
number = {1},
pages = {e101373},
pmid = {41684983},
issn = {2168-8184},
abstract = {Background Breast cancer remains the most common malignancy among women worldwide and a leading cause of cancer-related mortality, particularly in developing countries where delayed presentation and limited screening facilities persist. Objective The objective of this study is to evaluate the clinicopathological profile and short-term (30-day) postoperative outcomes of patients with breast cancer undergoing modified radical mastectomy (MRM) in a resource-limited tertiary care setting while exploring factors that may influence surgical complications. Methods This retrospective observational study included 210 female patients who underwent MRM between January 2022 and December 2024. Demographic, clinical, histopathological, perioperative, and 30-day postoperative outcome data were extracted from hospital records and analyzed using SPSS version 26.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY). Results The mean age was 51.4 ± 10.2 years, with 63.8% of patients being postmenopausal. Invasive ductal carcinoma was the predominant histological subtype (89.5%). Most patients presented with locally advanced disease (stage IIIC, 60%), and axillary lymph node involvement was observed in 65.7%. Estrogen receptor (ER) positivity was noted in 62.9%, progesterone receptor (PR) positivity in 57.1%, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2/neu) overexpression in 25.7%, and triple-negative breast cancer in 17.1% of cases. The mean operative time was 115 ± 25 minutes, and the mean blood loss was 210 ± 60 mL. Postoperative complications occurred in 27.6% of patients, most commonly seroma formation (16.2%). No 30-day postoperative mortality was observed. Conclusion Modified radical mastectomy remains a safe and effective surgical option for breast cancer management in resource-limited settings, providing acceptable morbidity and reliable short-term outcomes, particularly among patients presenting with advanced disease.},
}

@article {pmid41681766,
year = {2026},
author = {Hunt, E and Davis, M and Hou, W and Bains, H and Darby, T and Hou, J and Chung, J and Hadidchi, R and Duong, TQ and Maldjian, T},
title = {Analysis of Neutrophil/Lymphocyte Ratio as a Potential Biomarker Stratified by Breast Cancer Histologic Subtype.},
journal = {Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {16},
number = {3},
pages = {},
pmid = {41681766},
issn = {2075-4418},
abstract = {Background/Objectives: Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women. The neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is an emerging biomarker from peripheral blood that has been associated with breast cancer prognosis in some studies; however, some studies fail to demonstrate an association. We stratified breast cancer patients into invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) and invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) cohorts to evaluate if any meaningful association could be found in either cohort between NLR and mortality. Additionally, no prior studies have examined the relationship between NLR and background parenchymal enhancement (BPE) on breast MRI, an imaging feature linked to increased breast cancer risk and a potential imaging prognostic biomarker, so we examined the relationship between BPE and NLR in the two cohorts. Methods: This retrospective study included 794 breast cancer patients who had either IDC or ILC. Radiologists' MRI reports and their BI-RADS categorization of BPE (1 = minimal, 2 = mild, 3 = moderate, 4 = marked) were extracted and recorded. The NLR was calculated from blood counts obtained prior to treatment. Tumor characteristics were also recorded. Results: For patients with ILC, NLR was found to be associated with mortality. Additionally, patients with ILC and a high BPE had a significantly higher mean NLR compared to all other groups, including low BPE groups and all IDC groups. Conclusions: There is potential value in using NLR, a readily available blood biomarker, in models predicting prognosis in ILC patients.},
}

@article {pmid41676265,
year = {2026},
author = {Liu, XH and Fan, MZ and Lin, L and Bai, YY and Zhang, M},
title = {Ultrasonographic features and inflammatory status associated with tumor size in breast invasive ductal carcinoma.},
journal = {American journal of translational research},
volume = {18},
number = {1},
pages = {207-221},
pmid = {41676265},
issn = {1943-8141},
abstract = {OBJECTIVES: This study explored how ultrasound features relate to tumor size and inflammatory markers in invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) patients.

METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 218 female IDC patients. Based on the largest diameter of the tumor, patients were split into two groups: those with tumors ≤ 2 cm and those with tumors > 2 cm. We gathered data from conventional ultrasound (CUS), contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS), and virtual touch tissue imaging quantification (VTIQ), along with blood-based inflammation indicators like neutrophil count and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels. Group comparisons were done using univariate analysis, and Spearman correlation was used to examine relationships between tumor size and other variables.

RESULTS: Larger tumors were more frequently located in the upper outer quadrant (60.71% vs 41.03%, P = 0.035) and showed richer blood flow (73.57% vs 53.85%, P = 0.003). By CEUS, larger tumors were more likely to show high enhancement (90% vs 78.21%, P = 0.017) and expanded enhancement range (82.86% vs 70.51%, P = 0.034). VTIQ results showed that SWV max (P = 0.033), SWV peritumoral average (peri-avg) (P = 0.010), and SWVR max/min (P = 0.009) were significantly increased in the larger tumor group. Correlation analysis showed that tumor size was significantly correlated with the above elastic parameters (P < 0.05). For inflammation, CRP was significantly increased in the larger tumor group (P < 0.001) and positively correlated with tumor size (r = 0.249, P = 0.0002); neutrophils were also correlated with SWV peri-avg (r = 0.158, P = 0.019) (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS: Tumor size in IDC patients is not only related to their ultrasonographic features but also reflects their inflammatory status.},
}

@article {pmid41674992,
year = {2026},
author = {Zheng, Q and Jin, Z and You, J and Wang, Y and Zhu, H and Xu, J and Liang, T and Pei, S},
title = {A nomogram to predict disease-free survival in patients with residual triple-negative breast cancer after neoadjuvant chemotherapy based on clinicopathological and sonographic features.},
journal = {Translational cancer research},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {56},
pmid = {41674992},
issn = {2219-6803},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) who failed to achieve pathological complete response after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) may have a poorer prognosis. This study aimed to explore the factors associated with the adverse outcomes of these patients, and to develop a nomogram model for predicting disease-free survival (DFS).

METHODS: Patients diagnosed with TNBC at our institution between 2013 and 2022 were retrospectively evaluated. Clinicopathological and sonographic features associated with DFS were identified through multivariate Cox regression analysis to establish a nomogram model. The predictive performance of the nomogram model was assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and calibration curves.

RESULTS: A total of 103 TNBC patients with residual lesions following NAC were included in this study, with 15 cases (14.6%) experiencing DFS events. Multivariate analysis revealed that the pathological type of non-invasive ductal carcinoma [hazard ratio (HR) =7.741, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.928-31.081, P=0.004], lymph node involvement (HR =3.455, 95% CI: 1.152-10.359, P=0.027), and the presence of a hyperechoic halo on ultrasound images (HR =4.43, 95% CI: 1.164-16.852, P=0.029) were independent prognostic factors associated with poor DFS. Patients with multiple risk factors exhibited worse survival outcomes. The areas under the ROC curve for predicting 2-, 3-, 4-, and 5-year DFS rates in the nomogram model were 0.767, 0.786, 0.785, and 0.739, respectively. The calibration curves demonstrated excellent consistency between the nomogram-predicted and actual survival probabilities.

CONCLUSIONS: Our study developed a nomogram model to predict poor survival outcomes in TNBC patients with residual lesions after NAC, which may provide guidance for treatment strategies in high-risk populations.},
}

@article {pmid41673677,
year = {2026},
author = {Baena, JC and Cabrera-Salcedo, SC and Carrera Suárez, Y and Biancha-Vasco, JM and Rios-Serna, LJ and García-Mantilla, MD and Estrada-Schweineberg, M and Victoria Hincapie, JS and Toro-Pedroza, A and Garcia-Robledo, JE and Cañas, CA and Ortiz-Guzman, J and Loukanov, A},
title = {The avatar principle: exosomal dynamics guiding tumor adaptation and next-generation therapeutic strategies.},
journal = {Journal of nanobiotechnology},
volume = {24},
number = {1},
pages = {159},
pmid = {41673677},
issn = {1477-3155},
mesh = {*Exosomes/metabolism ; Humans ; *Neoplasms/therapy/immunology ; Tumor Microenvironment ; Immunotherapy/methods ; Animals ; Receptors, Chimeric Antigen ; Avatar ; },
abstract = {Exosomes are nanoscale extracellular vesicles that transfer proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids, reflecting the state of their parent cells. A persistent scientific challenge is that tumor-derived exosomes (TDEs) facilitate immune evasion, remodel the tumor microenvironment, and create premetastatic niches, intensifying tumor aggressiveness and undermining therapeutic efficacy, ultimately narrowing treatment options to palliative strategies in advanced settings. Yet their dual roles as suppressive agents and potential therapeutic tools remain poorly integrated within current cancer immunotherapy frameworks. This review examines the molecular mechanisms underlying TDE-mediated immune suppression and therapeutic resistance, while also highlighting engineering strategies to exploit or counteract exosome biology. Exosomes derived from chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells preserve antigen specificity and cytotoxic components without the risks of uncontrolled proliferation or cytokine release, offering a safer class of cell free immunotherapies. Advances in genetic engineering, hybrid vesicle design, and nanotechnology have extended exosome applications to the delivery of CRISPR/Cas systems, chemotherapeutic agents, immunoregulatory RNAs, and vaccines, with liposome or nanoparticle integration enhancing targeting and efficacy. Remaining obstacles include the lack of standardized protocols, scalability issues in production, and unresolved regulatory frameworks. Drawing on The Art of War, exosomes can be envisioned as avatars of strategy, discreet messengers capable of undermining host defenses while simultaneously carrying the potential to redirect immunity against the tumor. By embodying both deception and counterattack, they illustrate the capacity to penetrate hidden barriers and redefine the therapeutic battlefield, opening new horizons for precision cancer immunotherapy.},
}

*Exosomes/metabolism
Humans
*Neoplasms/therapy/immunology
Tumor Microenvironment
Immunotherapy/methods
Animals
Receptors, Chimeric Antigen
Avatar

@article {pmid41672380,
year = {2026},
author = {He, W and Jiang, Y and Jiang, B and Tang, Y and Zeng, L and Luo, L and Liao, X and Wu, S and Tan, Y and Li, Y},
title = {RTN4IP1 drives breast tumorigenesis: Molecular mechanisms linking elevated expression to enhanced proliferation, suppressed apoptosis, and therapeutic resistance.},
journal = {Biochimica et biophysica acta. Molecular basis of disease},
volume = {1872},
number = {5},
pages = {168181},
doi = {10.1016/j.bbadis.2026.168181},
pmid = {41672380},
issn = {1879-260X},
abstract = {Abnormal expression of RTN4IP1 is implicated in diverse pathologies, including malignant tumors, yet its role in breast cancer (BC) remains insufficiently defined. This study integrated TCGA-based bioinformatics analysis with experimental validation to characterize RTN4IP1-related phenotypes. RTN4IP1 mRNA and protein levels were elevated in BC tissues compared to normal breast tissue, with higher expression correlating with advanced T/N stages, HER2 positivity, aggressive PAM50 subtypes, and lower PR/ER status. Clinically, increased RTN4IP1 expression was more frequent in Black/African American patients, postmenopausal women, and invasive ductal carcinoma cases. Elevated expression was also linked to poorer overall survival in both the TNBC and HER2-positive subgroups. Functional assays showed that RTN4IP1 silencing was accompanied by reduced proliferation, increased apoptosis, and inhibited xenograft growth in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-453 models, whereas overexpression exhibited the opposite pattern. RTN4IP1 expression was further linked to features of the tumor immune microenvironment and to differential responses to Tamoxifen and Paclitaxel; inhibition of RTN4IP1 was associated with greater drug sensitivity, while overexpression coincided with reduced response. Together, these findings indicate that RTN4IP1 is closely associated with BC progression, prognosis, and treatment response, supporting its potential relevance as a biomarker and a candidate target for further investigation.},
}

@article {pmid41669457,
year = {2026},
author = {Ogunlade, SB and Wang, L and Maimone, S and Robinson, KA and Moran, KM and Leon, A and Morozov, AP and Nwachukwu, CT and Letter, HP},
title = {Mammogram-based AI risk assessment in patients with dense breasts undergoing supplemental molecular breast imaging.},
journal = {Quantitative imaging in medicine and surgery},
volume = {16},
number = {2},
pages = {123},
pmid = {41669457},
issn = {2223-4292},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Image-based artificial intelligence (AI) risk models can estimate short-term breast cancer risk directly from mammograms and may outperform traditional questionnaire-based tools. However, risk stratification remains particularly challenging in women with dense breasts who do not otherwise meet high-risk criteria. At our institutions, molecular breast imaging (MBI) is used as supplemental screening for this population. This study evaluated the performance and clinical utility of a mammography-based AI risk model (iCAD ProFound AI[®] Risk) in predicting short-term breast cancer risk among women with dense breasts undergoing MBI.

METHODS: This retrospective IRB-approved study included 416 non-actionable (BI-RADS category 1 or 2) screening digital breast tomosynthesis mammograms (BI-RADS C-D density) obtained from 2018 to 2023, all followed by MBI within one year. The cohort comprised 70 cancer cases (16.8%) and 346 (83.2%) non-cancer controls. Mammograms were retrospectively processed using the ProFound AI[®] Risk model to generate 1-year risk and density scores. Tyrer-Cuzick and Gail model scores were computed for comparison. Group differences were assessed using t-tests and effect sizes, and model discrimination was evaluated with ROC analysis using area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity, specificity, and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

RESULTS: Across the full cohort, mean AI risk scores were higher in cancer cases than controls (0.41±0.35 vs. 0.37±0.21), although this difference was not statistically significant (P=0.239; Cohen's d=0.23). Subgroup analyses demonstrated progressively stronger discriminatory performance with increasing breast density. The greatest separation was observed in women with extremely dense breasts (category D), where the AI model achieved an AUC of 0.75 (95% CI: 0.61-0.89; P=0.049), with 69.3% sensitivity and 61.1% specificity at a threshold of 0.14. Effect size in this group was the largest (d=0.41). In contrast, traditional models showed limited and non-significant discrimination across all density categories, with AUC values ranging from 0.54 to 0.63. When stratified by cancer subtype, the AI model produced significantly higher risk scores in invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) compared with controls (0.69±0.46 vs. 0.41±0.32; P=0.048; d=0.56). Although differences in ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) were not significant, risk scores trended higher for cancer cases. A similar pattern of increasing AI-estimated risk was observed with higher tumor grade, with the strongest separation seen in grade 2 cancers (P=0.089).

CONCLUSIONS: Although overall differences between cancer and non-cancer groups were not statistically significant, the mammography-based AI risk model demonstrated meaningful and statistically significant discrimination in women with extremely dense breasts, outperforming both Tyrer-Cuzick and Gail models. The AI model also showed better separation in ILC and in higher-grade tumors. These findings support the role of image-based AI tools in refining risk assessment in women for whom mammography is least effective and in guiding more targeted use of supplemental MBI screening.},
}

@article {pmid41669308,
year = {2025},
author = {Mohammadizadeh, F and Naraki, T and Vafaei, M},
title = {The Frequency of PD-L1 Marker Expression in ER Positive, PR Positive, HER2 Negative Invasive Breast Carcinomas, and Its Correlation with Clinicopathological Factors Affecting Prognosis.},
journal = {Advanced biomedical research},
volume = {14},
number = {},
pages = {153},
pmid = {41669308},
issn = {2277-9175},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of the PD-L1 marker in ER-positive, PR-positive, and HER2-negative breast carcinoma and examine its correlation with clinicopathological factors that affect prognosis in these patients.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study was conducted on paraffin-embedded tissue blocks from 50 invasive breast carcinoma patients. PD-L1 immunohistochemical staining was performed, and samples were examined to assess the membranous staining of tumor cells with the PD-L1 marker. ER, PR, and HER2 results were obtained from the pathology reports. The tumor proliferative index was divided into two groups: low proliferative index (<14%) and high proliferative index (= or >14%), based on the percentage of tumor cell nuclei with positive staining.

RESULTS: PD-L1 expression was negative in 44 (88%) and positive in 6 samples (12%). There was no significant difference in the mean age, tumor grade, and tumor proliferative index between the two groups (P value > 0.05). All positive PD-L1 samples belonged to the IDC tumor subtype with a mean tumor size of 6.33 ± 6.41 cm. In the negative PD-L1 group, 88.6% were IDC, 4.5% were ILC, and 6.8% were mixed tumor subtypes, with a mean tumor size of 2.79 ± 1.54 cm. Tumor subtype, tumor size, and axillary lymph node status showed no significant difference between the two groups (P value > 0.05).

CONCLUSION: According to the results of this study, there is no relationship between the PD-L1 expression and well-known clinicopathological prognostic factors in ER-positive, PR-positive, and HER2-negative invasive breast carcinomas.},
}

@article {pmid41669107,
year = {2026},
author = {Kawachi, K and Tang, X and Kasajima, R and Katayama, K and Yamaguchi, R and Yamaguchi, K and Furukawa, Y and Imoto, S and Miyano, S and Yoshioka, E and Washimi, K and Okubo, Y and Sato, S and Yokose, T and Miyagi, Y},
title = {Case Report: Mixed ductal-lobular carcinoma consisting of invasive lobular carcinoma with a glycogen-rich clear cell pattern and elevated tumor mutation burden.},
journal = {Frontiers in oncology},
volume = {16},
number = {},
pages = {1741727},
pmid = {41669107},
issn = {2234-943X},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Mixed ductal-lobular carcinoma (MDL) of the breast exhibits considerable molecular complexity. The pathways leading to the glycogen-rich clear cell morphology of the breast tumors, and its clinical relevance, currently remain unclear. Herein, we report a case of MDL, predominantly composed of invasive lobular carcinoma with a glycogen-rich clear cell pattern (gILC), accompanied by classic invasive lobular carcinoma and invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC).

CASE PRESENTATION: A 70-year-old woman presented with a 3.5 cm mass in the left breast, for which total mastectomy was performed. The pathological diagnosis was MDL predominantly comprising gILC. Tissue samples from the gILC and IDC areas were subjected to whole-exome and RNA sequencing. The gILC region had a higher tumor mutation burden than the IDC. Three stop-gain single nucleotide variations (SNVs) in CDH1, SETD2, and USP9 and two nonsynonymous SNVs in PIK3CA were identified in the gILC region, whereas only two nonsynonymous SNVs in SMAD4 and PIK3CA were identified in the IDC region. Phylogenetic analysis revealed a common ancestor of gILC and IDC, sharing a pathogenic PIK3CA p.H1047L mutation. Reduced SETD2 protein and H3K36me3 levels and the DNA mismatch repair-microsatellite instability-associated mutational signatures SBS6 and SBS26 were uniquely demonstrated in gILC. Further, a structural variant involving HNF1B and elevated HNF1B transcript levels was detected in gILC. The predominant gILC component was estrogen receptor-positive. Adjuvant endocrine therapy was administered postoperatively, and the patient currently remains disease-free at 51 months.

CONCLUSION: In this case, the gILC and IDC components of an MDL shared a common origin, but exhibited marked genomic divergence. This experience also shows that SETD2 functional impairment may underlie gILC hypermutation, while HNF1B overexpression could contributes to a glycogen-rich clear cytoplasm. Overall, this case emphasizes the complexity of MDL with gILC, and highlights the need for further studies to clarify the underlying molecular mechanisms and their prognostic implications.},
}

@article {pmid41663430,
year = {2026},
author = {Singareeka Raghavendra, A and Liu, DD and Pasyar, S and Damodaran, S and Shen, Y and Mouabbi, JA and Barcenas, CH and Tripathy, D},
title = {Prevalence of HER2-low status and outcomes in early-stage HER2-negative breast cancer.},
journal = {NPJ breast cancer},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1038/s41523-026-00901-8},
pmid = {41663430},
issn = {2374-4677},
abstract = {HER2-low breast cancer (IHC 1+ or 2+ without HER2 gene amplification) is a distinct and understudied subtype. In a cohort of 14,593 early-stage breast cancer patients treated at MD Anderson from 2006 to 2019, 60.4% were HER2-low. Multivariable analysis showed HER2-low status was independently associated with race, histologic subtype, higher nuclear grade and stage, and estrogen receptor (ER) positivity. Among 2464 patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy, HER2-low status was not linked to pathologic complete response (pCR), overall survival (OS), or disease-free survival (DFS) compared to HER2-0 tumors. Factors predicting pCR included nuclear grade III, stage I, invasive ductal carcinoma, lower ER/PR expression, and absence of lymphovascular invasion (LVI). Patients with TNBC had significantly higher pCR rates (31.9%) than those with luminal type (2.2%, p < 0.0001). Longer OS and DFS were associated with non-White race, lower stage and grade, negative LVI, and higher ER/PR levels. These findings confirm HER2-low status is common but not independently prognostic for response or survival.},
}

@article {pmid41660331,
year = {2026},
author = {Freire-Figueroa, IA and Vargas-Ardila, PA and Castaño-Rodríguez, I and Rojas-Romero, LO},
title = {Hypertrophic olivary degeneration mimicking tumor recurrence after brainstem radiosurgery: A diagnostic pitfall in neuro-oncology.},
journal = {Surgical neurology international},
volume = {17},
number = {},
pages = {42},
pmid = {41660331},
issn = {2229-5097},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Hypertrophic olivary degeneration (HOD) is a rare trans-synaptic degeneration of the inferior olivary nucleus resulting from disruption of the dentato-rubro-olivary pathway, also known as the Guillain- Mollaret triangle. Unlike most degenerative processes, it produces olivary hypertrophy rather than atrophy. In oncology patients with prior posterior fossa or brainstem involvement, this condition can simulate tumor recurrence or radiation necrosis, leading to unnecessary interventions if unrecognized.

CASE DESCRIPTION: A 38-year-old woman with a history of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast and previously treated brainstem metastasis presented with progressive right facial paresthesias and gait instability. Neurological examination revealed dysmetria, impaired rapid alternating movements, and gait ataxia without motor or sensory deficits. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated a nodular enhancing pontine lesion due to the treated metastatic lesion and a new enlargement involving the rostral aspect of the left central tegmental tract with associated hypertrophic change of the inferior olivary nucleus, consistent with unilateral HOD. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy and perfusion imaging excluded neoplastic recurrence. A multidisciplinary neuro-oncology board concluded that the findings were secondary to radiation-induced tract injury. The patient continued maintenance chemotherapy and received symptomatic management and rehabilitative therapy, with serial MRI showing stability.

CONCLUSION: HOD should be considered in patients with prior brainstem surgery or radiotherapy who develop delayed cerebellar signs and characteristic MRI findings. Recognizing its benign and self-limited nature is crucial to prevent misdiagnosis as tumor recurrence and avoid unnecessary oncologic or surgical interventions. Integration of advanced MRI techniques and multidisciplinary evaluation allows precise diagnosis and tailored management, ensuring appropriate treatment and long-term follow-up.},
}

@article {pmid41660202,
year = {2026},
author = {López-Ponce-de-León, JD and Muñoz-Ordoñez, JA and Toro-Pedroza, A and Arango-Ibanez, JP and Azcarate-Rodriguez, V and Naranjo-Ramírez, MC and León-Giraldo, H and Largo, J and Carrillo-Gomez, D and Arteaga-Tobar, AA and Escalante-Forero, M and Olaya, P and Florez, N and Olaya, N and Rivera-Muñoz, EL and Barbosa-Rengifo, MM and Nativi-Nicolau, J and Gómez-Mesa, JE},
title = {Survival in Adult Patients Undergoing Heart Transplantation 1995-2024: A Report of the RETRAC Registry.},
journal = {Global heart},
volume = {21},
number = {1},
pages = {7},
pmid = {41660202},
issn = {2211-8179},
mesh = {Humans ; Male ; *Heart Transplantation/mortality ; Female ; Middle Aged ; *Registries ; Survival Rate/trends ; Adult ; *Heart Failure/surgery/mortality ; Colombia/epidemiology ; Retrospective Studies ; Aged ; Follow-Up Studies ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Heart transplantation (HT) remains the definitive treatment for advanced heart failure that is refractory to both medical and invasive therapies. Although global registries offer extensive data on survival outcomes, there is a relative paucity of information regarding HT outcomes in Latin America (LATAM), particularly in Colombia.

METHODS: This study analyzed adult patients who underwent HT between 1995 and 2024, using data obtained from an institutional HT registry (RETRAC) in Cali, Colombia. Survival outcomes were evaluated using Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox proportional hazards models.

RESULTS: We included 260 patients who underwent HT in this 29-year cohort from a LATAM country. The median age at transplantation was 51 years, and 77.7% were male. The primary etiologies were idiopathic/dilated cardiomyopathy (IDC) (41.3%), ischemic cardiomyopathy (IC) (27.0%), and valvular heart disease (VHC) (9.7%). The most prevalent comorbidities were hypertension (HTN) (48.3%), diabetes mellitus (DM) (18.9%), and chronic kidney disease (CKD) (13.1%). The overall median survival following HT was 7.4 years. One-year survival was 74.6% (n = 194), five-year survival was 56.9% (n = 147), and ten-year survival was 46.9% (n = 122). Survival differed significantly by age and sex, with patients aged <40 years demonstrating the highest median survival (8.4 years) and those aged ≥60 years the lowest (2.2 years) (p = 0.038). The 40- to 49-year age group exhibited the most pronounced reduction in survival; however, this effect was attenuated after adjustment. Among patients under 40 years, females had significantly higher mortality compared to males (p = 0.0078), with younger males exhibiting better survival. Additionally, patients transplanted between 2016 and 2020 had higher survival rates. CKD was identified as a significant independent risk factor for increased mortality (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.79; 95% CI: 1.15-2.79; p = 0.01).

CONCLUSIONS: HT patients in Colombia exhibit demographic and clinical profiles comparable to global cohorts; however, they demonstrate lower survival rates and poorer clinical outcomes compared to international registries, such as the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation registry. Nonetheless, clinical outcomes are more favorable than those reported in other studies from the LATAM region. CKD emerged as a significant independent predictor of mortality. These findings highlight the need for region-specific strategies aimed at improving HT outcomes in LATAM.},
}

Humans
Male
*Heart Transplantation/mortality
Female
Middle Aged
*Registries
Survival Rate/trends
Adult
*Heart Failure/surgery/mortality
Colombia/epidemiology
Retrospective Studies
Aged
Follow-Up Studies

@article {pmid41658570,
year = {2025},
author = {Wang, Z and Bai, C and Zhang, N and Han, Z and Dong, H and Liu, S and Meng, J and Zhang, C},
title = {Predicting histological grade in invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast: a radiomics-based machine learning model using DCE-MRI.},
journal = {Frontiers in oncology},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1593075},
pmid = {41658570},
issn = {2234-943X},
abstract = {OBJECTIVES: To investigate the feasibility analysis of predicting the pathological differentiation grade of breast invasive ductal carcinoma based on DCE-MRI imaging histology.

METHODOLOGY: 198 patients with breast invasive ductal carcinoma who underwent preoperative enhanced MRI were retrospectively collected from January 2019 to October 2024.According to Nottingham histologic grading, 108 cases were divided into a high-grade group and 90 cases into an intermediate-low-grade group, which were randomly divided into 148 cases of the training group and 50 cases of the validation group according to a 3:1 ratio. The 3D slicer software was applied to extract the image histological features of the region of interest, and five models, namely, decision tree, Gaussian plain Bayes, logistic regression, random forest, and AdaBoost, were constructed by filtering the features with intragroup correlation coefficients and the minimum absolute contraction and selection operators. Compare the area under the work characteristic curve of subjects in the validation group and select the best model. The performance of the best model validation group was evaluated, the clinical usability of the best model was examined using decision curves, and the accuracy of the predictive model was visualized using calibration curves.

RESULTS: After rigorous stability and redundancy screening, 22 key radiomics features were selected from DCE-MRI images. Multiple machine learning models trained based on these features were evaluated for their predictive performance on the validation set. The logistic regression model achieved the highest AUC value of 0.795 (95% confidence interval: 0.664-0.927), outperforming other models such as random forest (AUC = 0.700), Gaussian naive Bayes (AUC = 0.700), AdaBoost (AUC = 0.718), and decision tree (AUC = 0.587). Consequently, the logistic regression model was ultimately selected as the optimal model.

CONCLUSION: The DCE-MRI radiomics model based on Logistic Regression can non-invasively and effectively predict the histological grade of IDC preoperatively, offering valuable potential for supporting individualized clinical decision-making.},
}

@article {pmid41652023,
year = {2026},
author = {Khodadadi AghGhaleh, M and Abedian, R and Zarghami, R and Fotuhi Siahpirani, A and Gharaghani, S},
title = {ConvAHKG: Action-based hybrid knowledge graph with a dual-channel convolutional approach for drug repurposing.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {16},
number = {1},
pages = {},
pmid = {41652023},
issn = {2045-2322},
abstract = {Drug repurposing efficiently identifies new applications for already approved drugs at reduced time and cost. ConvAHKG, an action-based hybrid knowledge graph approach, is proposed to improve the prediction of drug-disease associations by leveraging biological relationships among drugs, proteins, and diseases. AHKG is designed to integrate both drug and disease features to provide a comprehensive framework. To represent these relationships, Word2Vec embeddings are used to capture the semantic similarities among entities, and a novel dual-channel 1D convolutional neural network (IDC_Conv1D) is introduced for the classification of drug-disease pairs. This architecture is specifically intended to handle the complexity and heterogeneity of biological data. Furthermore, to address the significant class imbalance present in drug-disease datasets, a weighted binary cross-entropy loss function was introduced that assigns higher penalties to minority-class misclassifications, resulting in improved predictive performance. ConvAHKG outperforms state-of-the-art models, with an AUC of 0.9836 and an AUPRC of 0.9686. To validate its practical utility, we applied ConvAHKG to study non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The framework identified promising therapeutic candidates for NSCLC, including Trastuzumab, and molecular docking analyses demonstrated strong binding interactions for an additional predicted but experimentally unvalidated compound, further supporting its potential as a novel treatment option. All data and code used in this study are available at https://github.com/Marzieh-Khodadadi/ConvAHKG .},
}

@article {pmid41649045,
year = {2026},
author = {Nafissi, N and Mahadevan, A and Chiao, E and Rijal, N and Parajuli, R},
title = {Triple Negative Breast Cancer With Choroidal Metastasis Responsive to Sacituzumab Govitecan and Radiation Therapy.},
journal = {Cancer reports (Hoboken, N.J.)},
volume = {9},
number = {2},
pages = {e70462},
pmid = {41649045},
issn = {2573-8348},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; *Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/pathology/therapy ; Middle Aged ; *Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/therapeutic use/administration & dosage ; *Immunoconjugates/therapeutic use ; *Choroid Neoplasms/secondary/therapy ; *Camptothecin/analogs & derivatives/therapeutic use/administration & dosage ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use ; *Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/therapy/secondary ; Treatment Outcome ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Orbital metastases are rare in patients with breast cancer. However, medical management of orbital metastases is limited by the inability of treatment options to penetrate the blood-brain barrier. In patients with triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), these treatment options are further limited. Sacituzumab govitecan, an antibody-drug conjugate, has emerged as a promising agent for metastatic TNBC. However, to date, patients with central nervous system (CNS) disease have been excluded from corresponding clinical trials, making the efficacy of sacituzumab govitecan in patients with orbital metastases unclear.

CASE: A 61-year-old female was initially diagnosed with a left breast hormone receptor positive invasive ductal carcinoma, receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy with doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, and docetaxel and a partial mastectomy. Several years later, the patient presented with a cough and was subsequently diagnosed with metastatic triple negative breast cancer with hepatic, osseous, and right supraclavicular and thoracic nodal metastases. Concurrently, the patient noted floaters in her vision, later found to be consistent with orbital metastases. The patient received radiation therapy to both eyes and was started on Sacituzumab govitecan. Following cycle 1, the ophthalmic exam showed a dramatic decrease in the size of choroidal metastases.

CONCLUSION: This case report documents the first case of orbital metastases successfully treated with radiation therapy and sacituzumab govitecan. As such, this case highlights the importance of sacituzumab govitecan as a potentially effective option for TNBC patients with CNS disease. Further studies and real-world data are needed to investigate the efficacy of combined radiotherapy and sacituzumab govitecan toward ocular metastases.},
}

Humans
Female
*Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/pathology/therapy
Middle Aged
*Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/therapeutic use/administration & dosage
*Immunoconjugates/therapeutic use
*Choroid Neoplasms/secondary/therapy
*Camptothecin/analogs & derivatives/therapeutic use/administration & dosage
Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use
*Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/therapy/secondary
Treatment Outcome

@article {pmid41646442,
year = {2026},
author = {Lyu, X and Mao, F},
title = {Rectal metastasis in a patient with long-term breast cancer: a rare case report with literature review.},
journal = {Frontiers in oncology},
volume = {16},
number = {},
pages = {1597103},
pmid = {41646442},
issn = {2234-943X},
abstract = {Gastrointestinal (GI) metastases from breast cancer are uncommon, with rectal involvement being particularly rare. Here, we present a case of a 55-year-old female with a history of bilateral breast cancer who developed rectal metastasis seven years after initial diagnosis. The patient was initially diagnosed in 2017 with left breast invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) and right breast ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). Despite receiving comprehensive treatment, including modified radical mastectomy, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and endocrine therapy, she experienced multiple metastases involving the bones, lymph nodes, and pleura. In 2024, she presented with new bowel symptoms, and colonoscopy revealed rectal wall thickening with stenosis. Biopsy confirmed metastatic breast cancer with immunohistochemistry showing GATA3(+), CDX2(-), and loss of hormone receptor expression compared to the primary tumor. This case underscores the importance of considering gastrointestinal metastasis in breast cancer patients with bowel symptoms, even years after initial treatment. We also review the literature regarding the literature on the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of breast cancer rectal metastasis.},
}

@article {pmid41641105,
year = {2026},
author = {Nobile, I and Tessitore, A and Palumbo, M and Boccia, D and Mignogna, C and Bifulco, G and Della Corte, L},
title = {A case report of a mammary gland type adenocarcinoma of the vulva in a patient with a concomitant breast cancer: a diagnostic challenge.},
journal = {Frontiers in oncology},
volume = {16},
number = {},
pages = {1716250},
pmid = {41641105},
issn = {2234-943X},
abstract = {We describe the case of a 68-year-old woman who presented with a 4-cm ulcerated lesion in the left paraclitoral area. Imaging revealed increased FDG uptake at the vulvar lesion and multiple skeletal sites but no suspicious inguinal lymphadenopathy, while breast imaging showed a 30-mm BI-RADS 5 lesion in the upper outer quadrant of the left breast. Core biopsies confirmed two distinct primaries: an invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast and an eccrine ductal-type adenocarcinoma of the vulva arising from anogenital mammary-like glands. A bone biopsy demonstrated metastatic breast carcinoma. The patient underwent radical anterior vulvectomy with bilateral sentinel lymph node biopsy; final pathology confirmed a well-differentiated, adenocarcinoma of mammary-gland type of the vulva (pT1bN0) with negative margins. Because of breast metastases, systemic therapy with ribociclib and letrozole was initiated but later discontinued owing to therapy-related acute myeloid leukemia. At 9-month follow-up, no recurrence of the vulvar disease was observed. This report highlights one of the very few documented instances of synchronous mammary-like vulvar carcinoma and breast carcinoma. It underscores the diagnostic complexity of the case and emphasizes the importance of an individualized, multidisciplinary approach tailored to tumor biology, staging, and patient comorbidities.},
}