@article {pmid42949043,
year = {2026},
author = {Elayyan, R and In't Hout, B and Caldon, L and Ranawaka, N and Oweis, R},
title = {Late invasive breast cancer after mastectomy for incidentally detected male DCIS: recurrence or new primary?.},
journal = {Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1308/rcsann.2026.0109},
pmid = {42949043},
issn = {1478-7083},
abstract = {Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) in men is rare, and its long-term behaviour is not well defined. We report a case of late invasive breast cancer more than two decades after a mastectomy for incidentally detected high-grade DCIS in a 45-year-old man. This case highlights that, although mastectomy for pure DCIS offers excellent local control, invasive occurrence of new primary or local recurrence can still occur. Ongoing awareness and follow-up may therefore be warranted even in male patients treated definitively for DCIS.},
}

@article {pmid42951722,
year = {2026},
author = {Sadeghpour, S and Mirshahvalad, SA and Askari, E and Doostparast, A and Raeisi, N and Zendehdel, Z and Sadeghi, R and Pirich, C and Beheshti, M},
title = {Fibroblast activation protein-targeted PET uptake across various histopathological and molecular subtypes of breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.},
journal = {Seminars in nuclear medicine},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2026.10.006},
pmid = {42951722},
issn = {1558-4623},
abstract = {PURPOSE: To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis on the uptake value of fibroblast activation protein (FAP)-targeted PET (FAPI PET) across different histopathological and molecular breast cancer subtypes. As a secondary objective, to perform head-to-head comparisons with [[18]F]FDG PET.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Major medical literature databases were systematically searched to include studies in which biopsy-proven breast cancer patients were recruited, and uptake values for malignant primary tumors and/or metastatic lesions were reported. Meta-analyses were conducted in R (R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria) using the meta package.

RESULTS: Thirty-four studies met the inclusion criteria. Pooled average SUVmax in the primary malignancy was 11.74 (95%CI:9.95-13.53) on FAPI PET. In the studies in which SUVmax values were provided for both FAPI PET and [[18]F]FDG PET, on average, the pooled SUVmax was 6.19 (95%CI:4.26-8.12) higher on FAPI PET compared to [[18]F]FDG PET. FAPI PET showed rather consistently high uptake across all analyzed breast cancer subtypes (pooled estimates ranged from 10.27 to 19.99). Notably, in studies reporting SUVmax for IDC on both FAPI PET and [[18]F]FDG PET, FAPI PET showed 11.33 (95%CI:8.36-14.30) higher pooled uptake. Similarly, in studies providing SUVmax for luminal A breast cancer, FAPI PET showed 7.85 (95%CI:5.45-10.25) higher uptake compared to [[18]F]FDG PET.

CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that FAPI PET exhibits consistently high semi-quantitative values across breast cancer subtypes and can potentially enhance lesion conspicuity and detection rate, particularly in low-[[18]F]FDG-avid malignancies.},
}

@article {pmid42935076,
year = {2026},
author = {Rahim, A and Awais, M and Hafeez, M and Rehman, A and Sattar, A},
title = {Development of A Radiomics Signature Using CT Texture Analysis of Breast Lesions Secondary to Infiltrating Ductal Carcinoma to Predict Histologic Features: A Cross-Sectional Study.},
journal = {Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP},
volume = {27},
number = {10},
pages = {3829-3838},
doi = {10.31557/APJCP.2026.27.10.3829},
pmid = {42935076},
issn = {2476-762X},
mesh = {Humans ; *Radiomics ; Female ; *Breast Neoplasms/pathology/diagnostic imaging ; *Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology/diagnostic imaging ; Middle Aged ; *Tomography, X-Ray Computed/methods ; Adult ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Prognosis ; Follow-Up Studies ; },
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Radiomics has emerged as a promising approach for the non-invasive characterization of tumor biology using quantitative imaging features. Most radiomics studies in breast cancer have focused on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), while the potential utility of computed tomography (CT)-based texture analysis remains underexplored. This study aimed to develop radiomic signatures derived from CT texture analysis of breast lesions to predict histologic features.

METHODS: Patients with biopsy-proven infiltrating ductal carcinoma (IDC) who had undergone contrast-enhanced chest CT less than 1 month prior to biopsy at Dow University of Health Sciences during the study period (January 2023 to December 2023) were included. A region of interest (ROI) was manually drawn around the primary breast lesion, and radiomic features were extracted using LIFEx® software. An elastic-net regression model was used to select radiomic features for the development of the final radiomics signature.

RESULTS: Ninety-two women with biopsy-proven IDC were included (median age, 41.5 years; IQR, 32.7-51.0). Radiomic signatures demonstrated fair predictive performance for several histologic features. The model predicting high-grade tumors achieved an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) of 0.763, with an accuracy of 71.7%. For a high acinar score, the AUROC was 0.706, with an accuracy of 66.3%. The radiomic signature for high nuclear grade showed the best performance, with an AUROC of 0.827 and an accuracy of 77.2%. Prediction of PR expression yielded an AUROC of 0.731 and an accuracy of 70.6%. No reliable radiomic signatures could be developed for mitotic rate, estrogen receptor expression, HER2/neu status, or Ki-67 proliferation index.

CONCLUSION: In this proof-of-concept study, radiomic signatures based on CT texture analysis of IDC allowed prediction of histologic grade (nuclear grade and acinar score) and PR status with fair diagnostic accuracy. Further validation of these findings in larger cohorts of women with varying breast densities and scanned using different types of CT scanners is warranted.},
}

Humans
*Radiomics
Female
*Breast Neoplasms/pathology/diagnostic imaging
*Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology/diagnostic imaging
Middle Aged
*Tomography, X-Ray Computed/methods
Adult
Cross-Sectional Studies
Prognosis
Follow-Up Studies

@article {pmid42938240,
year = {2026},
author = {Djordjevic, M and Karanikolic, A and Velickovic, L},
title = {Clinicopathological Significance of CD44 and CD117 Expression/Co-Expression in Invasive Ductal Breast Cancer.},
journal = {Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {16},
number = {20},
pages = {},
pmid = {42938240},
issn = {2075-4418},
abstract = {Background/Objectives: Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer in women worldwide and has a high mortality rate; thus, it is essential to determine the relevance of not only standard clinicopathological parameters, but also non-standard parameters, such as cancer stem cell molecular markers CD44 and CD117. These factors could possibly be used to predict cancer aggressiveness and metastasis. The present study aimed to evaluate the significance of CD44 and CD117 expression/co-expression in relation to clinicopathological parameters, molecular cancer subtypes, and axillary lymph node (ALN) status in invasive ductal cancer (IDC) of the breast. Methods: The investigation included 136 patients with IDC in whom radical mastectomy had been performed. The level of CD44 and CD117 expression in cancer tissue (high or low) was determined via immunohistochemical analysis. Results: High CD117 expression and CD44/CD117 co-expression were closely linked to a higher Ki-67 index (p < 0.001; p = 0.003, respectively) and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) (p < 0.001; p < 0.001, respectively). Multivariate linear regression analysis revealed that CD44/CD117 co-expression was independently associated with a higher number (p < 0.001), as well as a higher percentage (p = 0.005) of metastatic ALNs. Conclusions: This study showed that CD44/CD117 co-expression is an independent predictor of a higher number and percentage of metastatic ALNs in IDC and may have potential prognostic value.},
}

@article {pmid42939058,
year = {2026},
author = {Van Hung, N and Thuan, MH and Quan, ND},
title = {Label-Free Biochemical Characterization and Subtype Classification of Human Breast Pathologies Using Fingerprint Raman Spectroscopy and Machine Learning.},
journal = {Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {13},
number = {10},
pages = {},
pmid = {42939058},
issn = {2306-5354},
abstract = {Breast cancer remains a major cause of cancer-related mortality, highlighting the need for improved molecular characterization of breast pathologies. Raman spectroscopy (RS) provides a label-free, non-destructive approach for probing tissue biochemical composition. This study investigated Raman spectral alterations across five human breast histopathological categories and explored their potential for machine learning-assisted classification. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue specimens were obtained from five patients, with one patient representing each category: normal breast tissue, intraductal papilloma, high-grade ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC), and invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC). A total of 100 Raman spectra (20 per patient) were acquired using 785 nm excitation over the fingerprint region (500-2000 cm[-1]). Spectral preprocessing involved Savitzky-Golay smoothing, asymmetrically reweighted penalized least-squares (arPLS) baseline correction, and vector normalization. The investigated spectra exhibited reduced relative lipid-associated contributions near 1063, 1300, and 1445 cm[-1], accompanied by increased relative protein- and nucleic-acid-associated features near 1003, 1420, and 1600-1650 cm[-1]. The phenylalanine-to-lipid intensity ratio (I1003/I1445) increased from ≤0.2 in normal tissue to ≥1.5 in invasive lesions, suggesting a potential spectroscopic descriptor of biochemical remodeling. Exploratory subtype-associated differences were also observed, including a prominent aromatic C=C-associated feature near 1618 cm[-1] in IDC and an enhanced carbohydrate-associated contribution near 890 cm[-1] in ILC. A support vector machine (SVM) classifier was evaluated using patient-independent leave-one-patient-out (LOPO) cross-validation. Across the five held-out patients, the model correctly classified 89 of 100 spectra, achieving an overall spectrum-level accuracy of 89.0%, sensitivity of 90.0%, specificity of 87.5%, and F1-score of 90.8%. Although these findings demonstrate encouraging discrimination within the investigated cohort, the limited number of biologically independent patients and the representation of each histopathological category by a single patient restrict the generalizability of the results. This study provides preliminary proof-of-concept evidence supporting the integration of Raman-derived biochemical features with machine learning for breast pathology characterization, warranting further validation in larger, multi-patient and multicenter cohorts.},
}

@article {pmid42945698,
year = {2026},
author = {Victoria Hincapie, JS and Mondragon-Cardona, A and Ochoa-Zárate, L and Cabrera-Salcedo, SC and Ríos-Serna, LJ and Loukanov, A and Garcia-Robledo, JE and Toro-Pedroza, A and Cañas, CA and Arrieta López, E and Baena, JC},
title = {The summa of ZUMA: Lessons from a decade of CD19-targeted CAR-T trials in B-cell malignancies.},
journal = {Leukemia research},
volume = {171},
number = {},
pages = {108356},
doi = {10.1016/j.leukres.2026.108356},
pmid = {42945698},
issn = {1873-5835},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The ZUMA program established the CD19-directed CAR-T therapies axicabtagene ciloleucel (axi-cel) and brexucabtagene autoleucel (brexu-cel) as effective treatments for relapsed/refractory B-cell malignancies, producing high response rates and durable remissions.

METHODS: We conducted a translational narrative review of ZUMA publications through April 2026 (PubMed, Cochrane Library, ClinicalTrials.gov). We extracted study design, patient characteristics, efficacy outcomes (ORR, CR, PFS, EFS, OS, DOR, MRD negativity), and safety outcomes (CRS, ICANS, hematologic toxicity).

RESULTS: Fifteen ZUMA trials enrolled more than 1100 patients with aggressive and indolent B-cell lymphomas and B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL). In large B-cell lymphoma, ZUMA-1 reported 5-year OS of 42.6% and PFS of 31.8%. ZUMA-7 showed that axi-cel was superior to second-line standard of care (median EFS 8.3 vs. 2.0 months). ZUMA-12 supported first-line use in high-risk disease (CR 86%; median PFS not reached at the 3-years analysis). In mantle cell lymphoma, ZUMA-2 achieved an ORR of 91-93%, with remissions beyond 3 years. In adult B-ALL, ZUMA-3 reported a CR/CRi rate of 71%, MRD negativity in 97% of responders, and a median OS of 25.6 months. In follicular lymphoma, ZUMA-5 reported a median PFS of 57.3 months. Early CAR-T expansion correlated with depth of response. CRS and ICANS were the main acute toxicities, and prolonged cytopenias were the most relevant late toxicity. Combination strategies (ZUMA-6, -11, -14, -19) remain largely exploratory.

CONCLUSIONS: ZUMA data establish CD19-directed CAR-T therapy as a transformative, potentially curative strategy in B-cell malignancies. Earlier integration into treatment sequencing, optimized T-cell fitness, cytokine modulation, and microenvironment-targeted combinations may further improve long-term outcomes.},
}

@article {pmid42946405,
year = {2026},
author = {Park, SC and Ho, JS and Won, RH and Kwon, YB and Na, YM and Ryu, YJ and Lee, HJ and Lim, HS and Lee, JS and Cho, JS and Park, MH},
title = {Predictors of Pathologic Complete Response Following Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Invasive Breast Cancer With Microcalcifications.},
journal = {Anticancer research},
volume = {46},
number = {11},
pages = {6275-6285},
doi = {10.21873/anticanres.18456},
pmid = {42946405},
issn = {1791-7530},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; Pathologic Complete Response ; *Neoadjuvant Therapy/methods ; *Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy/pathology/diagnostic imaging ; *Calcinosis/pathology/diagnostic imaging ; Retrospective Studies ; Middle Aged ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Adult ; Aged ; Mammography ; *Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/drug therapy/pathology ; Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases/metabolism ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND/AIM: Microcalcifications associated with breast cancer often persist after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC), complicating surgical decision-making even when pathologic complete response (pCR) is achieved. This study aimed to identify clinical and imaging factors associated with pCR in invasive breast cancer with microcalcifications following NAC.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: This retrospective study included 106 female patients with invasive ductal carcinoma and mammographic microcalcifications who underwent NAC followed by surgery at a single institution between January 2021 and January 2023. Clinicopathological characteristics, breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) response, and changes in microcalcifications on mammography were analyzed. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to identify independent predictors of pCR.

RESULTS: The overall pCR rate was 45.3% (48/106). pCR rates by molecular subtype were: HER2-enriched 81.5%, HR+/HER2+ 52.8%, triple-negative 25.0%, and Luminal A 11.1% (p<0.001). Radiologic complete response (rCR) on breast MRI was achieved in 46 patients, of whom 37 (80.4%) achieved pCR (p<0.001). Decreased or disappeared microcalcifications after NAC were associated with a higher, though non-significant, pCR rate (60.9% vs. 41.0%; p=0.266). On multivariable analysis, rCR [odds ratio (OR)=14.29; 95% confidence interval (CI)=5.00-50.00; p<0.001), HER2-enriched subtype (OR=25.00; 95%CI=4.55-100.00; p<0.001), and HR+/HER2+ subtype (OR=5.26; 95%CI=1.15-33.33; p=0.043) were independent predictors of pCR. A predictive model incorporating rCR, molecular subtype, and microcalcification response yielded an area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.904.

CONCLUSION: In patients with invasive breast cancer and microcalcifications undergoing NAC, HER2-enriched molecular subtype and radiologic complete response on breast MRI are strong independent predictors of pCR. These findings may help surgeons consider less extensive resection of calcified areas in selected patients.},
}

Humans
Female
Pathologic Complete Response
*Neoadjuvant Therapy/methods
*Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy/pathology/diagnostic imaging
*Calcinosis/pathology/diagnostic imaging
Retrospective Studies
Middle Aged
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Adult
Aged
Mammography
*Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/drug therapy/pathology
Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases/metabolism

@article {pmid42946424,
year = {2026},
author = {Guo, Y and Li, Y and Xiao, X and Song, Z and Li, X and Zhao, X and Guo, S and Zhao, J},
title = {Temporal Dynamics and Black-White Patient Differences in Contralateral Invasive Breast Cancer Risk Following DCIS and IDC: A Time-Varying Competing-Risks Analysis.},
journal = {Anticancer research},
volume = {46},
number = {11},
pages = {6437-6450},
doi = {10.21873/anticanres.18470},
pmid = {42946424},
issn = {1791-7530},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; *Breast Neoplasms/pathology/epidemiology/ethnology ; *Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/pathology/epidemiology ; Middle Aged ; Risk Factors ; SEER Program ; *Black or African American/statistics & numerical data ; *White People/statistics & numerical data ; Aged ; *Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology/epidemiology ; Time Factors ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND/AIM: The time-varying effects of risk factors on contralateral invasive breast cancer (CIBC) after primary ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) or invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) have not been fully explored.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: This study analyzed data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Time-varying effects were assessed using a time-varying-coefficient Fine-Gray competing risks model, depicted by cumulative regression coefficient and subdistribution hazard ratio [sHR(t)] curves. Cause-specific hazard ratio [HR(t)] curves served as sensitivity analyses. Mortality HR(t) curves and landmark competing-risk analyses were used to aid result interpretation.

RESULTS: A total of 596,103 women with a first primary DCIS or IDC (2000-2020) were included. For DCIS, age 51-60 years and tumor with size >5 cm posed persistent risks; age 61-70, ≥71 years, and micropapillary histology showed an early high risk that attenuated. Endocrine therapy's protective effect waned. For IDC, age 51-60 years was a persistent risk factor; hormone receptor positivity, N1 lymph node metastasis, and chemotherapy showed persistent inverse associations with CIBC risk. Age 61-70, ≥71 years, lymph nodal metastasis stages 2-3 (N2/N3), and tumor with size >5 cm exhibited early high risk with later attenuation. Notably, as observed in the curves, Black patients appeared to show higher peak risks for a subset of risk factors but shorter high-risk periods versus White patients.

CONCLUSION: Under the competing risk of death, some risk factors for CIBC after DCIS and IDC exhibit significant time-varying effects, with potential differences between Black and White patients. These findings may help develop individualized screening strategies and reduce the use of contralateral prophylactic mastectomy (CPM).},
}

Humans
Female
*Breast Neoplasms/pathology/epidemiology/ethnology
*Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/pathology/epidemiology
Middle Aged
Risk Factors
SEER Program
*Black or African American/statistics & numerical data
*White People/statistics & numerical data
Aged
*Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology/epidemiology
Time Factors

@article {pmid42928951,
year = {2026},
author = {Uchida, N and Suda, T},
title = {Contralateral Axillary Lymph Node Metastases Detected by Repeat Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy in a Patient with Ipsilateral Breast Tumor Recurrence: A Case Report.},
journal = {Surgical case reports},
volume = {12},
number = {1},
pages = {},
pmid = {42928951},
issn = {2198-7793},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: There is no consensus on the significance of repeat sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy in a patient with ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence (IBTR).

CASE PRESENTATION: A 49-year-old premenopausal woman developed an ipsilateral breast cancer (BC) lesion after previously undergoing lumpectomy, SLN biopsy, and adjuvant radiation therapy for left-sided lobular carcinoma in situ at the age of 35. Because of the contralateral SLNs identified on radioisotope lymphoscintigraphy, we decided to perform a left mastectomy with contralateral axillary lymph node dissection. Intraoperative SLN mapping using indigo carmine was negative. A total of 3 contralateral axillary lymph node metastases, all sentinel nodes, were identified among 18 resected nodes. Because this patient's second BC was an invasive ductal carcinoma, a different histology from her first tumor, we diagnosed a new primary BC along with contralateral axillary lymph node metastases and planned adjuvant therapy accordingly.

CONCLUSIONS: Repeat SLN biopsy for IBTR plays a key role in determining accurate SLN status and in optimizing adjuvant therapy.},
}

@article {pmid42930006,
year = {2026},
author = {Saeed, U and Uppal, MR and Uppal, R and Szepesváry, ZJ and Piracha, ZZ},
title = {Temporal Distribution of Elevated-HbA1c Records and a Young-Adult Multiorgan Biomarker Profile in Diabetes: A Retrospective Observational Study.},
journal = {Diseases (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {14},
number = {10},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/diseases14100379},
pmid = {42930006},
issn = {2079-9721},
abstract = {BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Diabetes-related renal, lipid, and hepatic abnormalities are clinically important, but their distribution may be heterogeneous and is not fully represented by HbA1c alone. We characterized the temporal age and sex composition of elevated-HbA1c records and, separately, the multiorgan biomarker profile of a 2022 young-adult subcohort.

METHODS: This retrospective observational study analyzed 1160 patient-year records classified as having elevated HbA1c from 2019-2022. These were annual record strata rather than 1160 unique individuals or a cohort followed as participants aged. A separate cross-sectional biomarker subcohort comprised 49 adults aged 18-29 years in 2022, of whom 26 were source-classified as having elevated HbA1c. Annual age and sex distributions were assessed using chi-square tests. Biomarker abnormalities were summarized with biomarker-specific denominators and Wilson 95% confidence intervals; sex comparisons were exploratory and used Fisher's exact tests, odds ratios, φ coefficients, and Benjamini-Hochberg false-discovery-rate correction.

RESULTS: Age composition differed across calendar years (χ[2][6] = 45.02, p < 0.001; Cramér's V = 0.139), with adults aged ≥60 years accounting for 50.0% of elevated-HbA1c records in 2022. Sex composition also varied (χ[2][3] = 19.47, p < 0.001; Cramér's V = 0.130). In the young-adult biomarker subcohort, the most frequent abnormalities were total cholesterol (60.0%), triglycerides (53.8%), UACR (45.5%), urea (40.0%), uric acid (40.0%), and ALT (35.3%). Elevated urea showed the largest female-to-male odds ratio (17.50, 95% CI 1.22-250.37; p = 0.041), but no sex-biomarker association remained significant after false-discovery-rate correction (minimum q = 0.295).

CONCLUSIONS: The study demonstrates temporal heterogeneity in elevated-HbA1c record composition and a descriptive young-adult biomarker profile dominated by dyslipidemia, albuminuria, selected renal-metabolic abnormalities, and ALT elevation. Because the archived dataset did not retain the paired continuous HbA1c-biomarker data or older-age biomarker data needed for dose-response or cross-age comparisons, the findings should not be interpreted as establishing an HbA1c-linked multiorgan causal relationship. They support the value of integrated organ-risk assessment and the need for prospective patient-level analyses across HbA1c and age strata.},
}

@article {pmid42931218,
year = {2026},
author = {Uppal, MR and Saeed, U and Uppal, R and Szepesváry, ZJ and Najmi, MH and Ozsahin, DU and Malik, QU and Piracha, ZZ},
title = {The Resistance Constellation Across the Sepsis-Uropathogen Continuum: A Thirteen-Year Atlas of Epidemiological Expansion, Resistance Kinetics, and Progressive Therapeutic Attrition.},
journal = {Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {15},
number = {10},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/pathogens15101066},
pmid = {42931218},
issn = {2076-0817},
support = {//the International Center of Medical Sciences Research (ICMSR)/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; Retrospective Studies ; *Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; *Drug Resistance, Bacterial ; *Sepsis/microbiology/epidemiology/drug therapy ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; *Urinary Tract Infections/microbiology/epidemiology/drug therapy ; *Bacteria/drug effects ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Conventional antibiograms compress antimicrobial resistance (AMR) into static percentages, obscuring whether therapeutic space is being lost gradually in high-burden pathogens or rapidly in less prevalent but increasingly resistant organisms. We developed a multidimensional longitudinal framework to map the evolving "resistance architecture" of bloodstream and urinary pathogens by integrating pathogen burden, demographic redistribution, specimen compartment, resistance velocity, and remaining antimicrobial-class activity.

METHODS: This retrospective, multicentre laboratory-surveillance study analysed 39,057 culture records collected through a multi-regional network from 2013 to 2025, comprising 4800 bloodstream and 34,257 urinary records. Three surveillance periods were compared: 2013-2017, 2018-2020, and 2021-2025. Analyses included temporal pathogen composition, demographic gravity, geographic surveillance concentration, compartment enrichment, descriptive Resistance Velocity, and Therapeutic Compression. Therapeutic Compression quantified the proportion of clinically relevant antimicrobial classes with susceptibility below a prespecified 80% threshold; sensitivity analyses were repeated at 70% and 90%. This measure represents microbiologically inferred treatment-space contraction, not patient-level therapeutic failure. Projections to 2030 were treated as exploratory scenarios. The urinary component derives substantially from 2013 to 2025 institutional surveillance resource previously used for a narrower urine-only analysis; overlap, counting units, and analytical distinctions are explicitly disclosed in the Methods.

RESULTS: Geographic surveillance contribution broadened over time, with the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index decreasing from 1.000 to 0.529 for bloodstream records and from 1.000 to 0.651 for urine. Bloodstream pathogen composition underwent greater temporal reorganization than the urinary compartment (Jensen-Shannon divergence: 0.0266 versus 0.0024). Between the earliest and latest periods, bloodstream Escherichia coli showed the greatest proportional expansion (odds ratio [OR] 4.05, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.29-7.14), followed by Klebsiella spp. (OR 2.65, 95% CI 1.38-5.11) and Salmonella spp. (OR 1.26, 95% CI 1.04-1.53). Urine remained dominated by E. coli, although the proportional contributions of Klebsiella spp. and Pseudomonas aeruginosa increased. Age redistribution exceeded sex redistribution, particularly among urinary isolates. Distinct pathways of therapeutic-space contraction emerged: S. Typhi showed sequential loss of established treatment classes; E. coli remained an entrenched, high-volume urinary resistance reservoir; Klebsiella carbapenem resistance increased from approximately 8% to 40%; and P. aeruginosa carbapenem resistance increased from approximately 10% to 30%. Increasing vancomycin resistance among enterococci and expansion of urinary Candida added Gram-positive and fungal dimensions. At the primary 80% threshold, Therapeutic Compression was highest for Proteus spp. (0.750), S. Typhi (0.714), and Candida auris (0.667). Rankings were relatively concordant between the 70% and 80% thresholds (Spearman's ρ = 0.789) but changed at 90%, where Klebsiella spp. and P. aeruginosa reached the highest compression scores (0.857). Exploratory 2030 scenarios indicated continued pressure on carbapenems and other reserve agents if the observed trajectories persist.

CONCLUSIONS: AMR within this surveillance network did not follow a universal upward curve; it evolved through pathogen-specific architectures of burden, acceleration, redistribution, and therapeutic-space contraction. Integrating these dimensions distinguished entrenched high-volume reservoirs from rapidly deteriorating invasive or lower-frequency threats that cumulative antibiograms may overlook. This network-based framework offers a potential early-warning approach for identifying pathogen-drug trajectories requiring intensified laboratory surveillance, antimicrobial stewardship, and infection-prevention attention, while avoiding inference of national prevalence, causality, or individual treatment failure.},
}

Humans
Retrospective Studies
*Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology/therapeutic use
*Drug Resistance, Bacterial
*Sepsis/microbiology/epidemiology/drug therapy
Microbial Sensitivity Tests
*Urinary Tract Infections/microbiology/epidemiology/drug therapy
*Bacteria/drug effects

@article {pmid42932315,
year = {2026},
author = {Ingawale, V and Dandapat, K and Konkada Manattayil, J and Gupta, S and Shashidhara, LS and Koppiker, C and Shah, N and Raghunathan, V and Kulkarni, M},
title = {Quantitative assessment of collagen architecture from routine histopathological images shows concordance with Second Harmonic Generation microscopy.},
journal = {PLOS digital health},
volume = {5},
number = {10},
pages = {e0001364},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pdig.0001364},
pmid = {42932315},
issn = {2767-3170},
abstract = {Collagen organization within the tumour microenvironment plays a critical role in tumour progression and has emerged as an important structural biomarker in cancer. Second Harmonic Generation (SHG) microscopy enables label-free visualization and quantitative assessment of fibrillar collagen architecture; however, its high cost, specialized instrumentation, and limited field-of-view restrict routine clinical application. In this study, we evaluated whether collagen features quantified from digitally scanned Masson-Goldner's Trichrome-stained histopathological sections can approximate measurements obtained from SHG microscopy. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded breast tumour tissues, including benign and invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) samples with varying collagen content, were analysed using SHG microscopy and whole-slide brightfield imaging. Matched regions of interest were analysed using two independent digital image analysis approaches: a conventional ImageJ-based workflow (TWOMBLI) and a machine learning-based computational pipeline. Collagen structural parameters including collagen deposition area, fibre number, and alignment metrics were quantified and compared across imaging modalities using correlation analysis. SHG signals were consistently detected from Trichrome-stained sections, confirming compatibility of SHG imaging. Quantitative comparison demonstrated significant concordance between SHG-derived collagen metrics and those obtained from digital image analysis pipelines, particularly for collagen area and fibre alignment. These findings demonstrate a proof-of-concept, that computational analysis of routine histopathological images can capture key spatial features of collagen organization comparable to SHG microscopy. Digital pathology-based collagen quantification therefore represents a potentially scalable and clinically accessible approach for assessing extracellular matrix architecture in tumour tissues.},
}

@article {pmid42920438,
year = {2026},
author = {DeCicco, D and Nethagani, S and Lai, L and Safi, D},
title = {Case Report: Ribociclib-associated bilateral neurotrophic keratitis requiring amniotic membrane transplantation during adjuvant treatment of early breast cancer.},
journal = {Frontiers in oncology},
volume = {16},
number = {},
pages = {1932226},
pmid = {42920438},
issn = {2234-943X},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 4/6 inhibitors with endocrine therapy are standard of care for hormone receptor (HR)-positive, HER2-negative breast cancer in metastatic and adjuvant settings. The ribociclib label lists dry eye and increased lacrimation among ocular reactions in under 10% of patients, and isolated vortex keratopathy, epithelial keratopathy, and palinopsia are described. To our knowledge, neither neurotrophic keratitis (NK) nor management of an ocular adverse event with amniotic membrane transplantation (AMT) has been reported with any CDK4/6 inhibitor.

CASE: A 42-year-old premenopausal woman with stage IIB (cT2N1) HR-positive/HER2-negative invasive ductal carcinoma achieved a pathologic complete response after neoadjuvant chemotherapy and bilateral mastectomy. Adjuvant abemaciclib was discontinued after one month for refractory gastrointestinal toxicity, without ocular complaints. Ribociclib 400 mg/day was initiated. After approximately four months she developed bilateral blurred vision; optometry identified bilateral inferior superficial punctate keratitis (SPK), and preservative-free lubrication was started. At the fifth-month visit, bilaterally reduced corneal sensitivity, a feature of early neurotrophic keratopathy, was documented, and prednisolone acetate 1% was begun. With symptoms failing to improve, ribociclib was held. At the six-month visit, with central SPK, tear-film instability, and further visual decline despite corticosteroid, amniotic membrane grafts with bandage contact lenses were placed sequentially in each eye, and topical cyclosporine 0.05% was started. Ribociclib was permanently discontinued. Right-eye vision normalized within five months; the left eye recovered over fifteen months. Anastrozole and all other concomitant medications were continued without recurrence.

CONCLUSION: To our knowledge, this appears to be the first reported case of bilateral neurotrophic keratitis during CDK4/6 inhibitor therapy and the first ribociclib-associated ocular adverse event refractory to standard topical therapy that improved after procedural intervention. A Naranjo score of 5 indicates a probable association, supported by a documented normal ocular baseline on the same concomitant medications, absence of ocular toxicity during brief prior abemaciclib exposure, and improvement after dechallenge with continued anastrozole. As a single, signal-generating case, causality cannot be established; additional reports and pharmacovigilance analyses are needed. As adjuvant use expands, clinicians should watch for corneal nerve toxicity beyond dry eye, ask routinely about visual symptoms, and refer early for eye care.},
}

@article {pmid42921085,
year = {2026},
author = {Grevillot, L and Jäkel, O and Qubala, A and Horn, J and Aitkenhead, AH and Liang, X and Magro, G and Badraoui-Čuprová, K and Vilimovský, J and Wulff, J and Henkner, K and Clark, CH and Skrijelj, D and Rinaldi, I and Souris, K and Rossomme, S and Lebbink, F and Hong, L and Krzempek, D and Menkel, S and Janson, M and Jensen, MF and Gosling, A and Bäckström, G and Emert, F and Schwamm, F and Safai, S and Free, J and Guterres Marmitt, G and Bello Garrote, FL and Stolarczyk, L and Vidal, M},
title = {ESTRO-EPTN guidelines for independent dose calculation and log file-based patient-specific quality assurance in scanned particle therapy.},
journal = {Physics and imaging in radiation oncology},
volume = {41},
number = {},
pages = {101109},
pmid = {42921085},
issn = {2405-6316},
abstract = {BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Independent dose calculation (IDC) and log file-based patient-specific quality assurance (PSQA) are increasingly used in scanned particle therapy (PT) to address pitfalls of phantom-based verifications. Highly modulated treatment fields, steep dose gradients, and growing interest for adaptive treatments require quality assurance (QA) approaches that are cost effective, patient-specific, and closely linked to the delivered treatment. Practical guidance is therefore needed for the safe clinical implementation of IDC- and log file-based PSQA.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: The ESTRO-EPTN (European Particle Therapy Network) developed consensus-based recommendations on IDC- and log file-based PSQA in PT. Current clinical practice, commissioning strategies, risk-management approaches, and available technical solutions were evaluated. Following a review of the literature, expert-based guidelines were developed covering clinical scopes, acceptance, commissioning and validation, integration with machine QA, data management, governance, and staged implementation.

RESULTS: IDC- and log file-based PSQA were identified as complementary elements within a quality-management framework. Log file-based approaches enable evaluation of the delivered treatment fraction(s), while IDC provides computational verification of the planned dose. When appropriately validated, these methods increase sensitivity to potentially clinically relevant deviations and can substantially reduce reliance on phantom-based measurements. Safe application requires robust machine QA, characterization of model limitations, risk analysis, and data traceability. Recommendations applicable to all centers were developed for IDC. Log file-based PSQA recommendations include minimum requirements for the vendors.

CONCLUSIONS: These recommendations aim to promote consistent and safe adoption across PT centers, while preserving the need for machine QA.},
}

@article {pmid42908836,
year = {2026},
author = {Fox, MK and Cao, Z and Sapa, H and Wang, Z and Schutt, WR and Rathnasinghe, R and Zhang, Y and Qian, J},
title = {pSIM: A next generation in vitro mRNA potency assay.},
journal = {Molecular therapy. Advances},
volume = {34},
number = {4},
pages = {201850},
pmid = {42908836},
issn = {3117-387X},
abstract = {Potency testing for mRNA-lipid nanoparticle (LNP) vaccines remains challenging due to complex cell-based mechanisms and dependence on strain-specific antibodies. Here, we introduce a next-generation in vitro mRNA potency assay named as pSIM, pulsed stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture (SILAC) internal dosing control (IDC) mass spectrometry (MS). The pSIM assay co-processes test and reference LNPs enabling effective concentration (EC50)-based or dosing-control-normalized linear slope readouts. We demonstrate its applicability across monocistronic and multivalent self-amplifying mRNA constructs for influenza and SARS-CoV-2, show an exploratory correlation between in vitro potency and in vivo neutralization in mice, and establish stability-indicating performance under heat stress, real-time storage, freeze-thaw, and RNA-lipid adduct formation. The assay is co-qualified for early phase quality control implementation to support phase-appropriate release and stability testing.},
}

@article {pmid42910083,
year = {2026},
author = {Tsioukaka, DG and Njocke, H and Ekodo, JVF and Omor, Y and Latib, R},
title = {Isolated cerebellopontine angle metastasis from breast cancer: The added value of MR spectroscopy.},
journal = {Radiology case reports},
volume = {21},
number = {12},
pages = {6514-6518},
pmid = {42910083},
issn = {1930-0433},
abstract = {Cerebellopontine angle (CPA) tumors are predominantly vestibular schwannomas and meningiomas; metastatic lesions in this location are rare, particularly in the absence of multiple brain metastases. We report the case of a 53-year-old woman with a history of invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast in HER2-positive metastatic relapse, in whom brain MRI revealed a single 28 × 24 mm mass in the right cerebellopontine angle. The lesion was isointense on T1- and T2-weighted images, contained fluid components, and showed restricted diffusion (ADC 0.64 × 10[-3] mm[2]/s) with intense peripheral enhancement after gadolinium administration. MR spectroscopy demonstrated markedly elevated Cho/NAA (6.73) and Cho/Cr (5.72) ratios within the lesion, with a normal perilesional spectroscopic profile, favoring a secondary lesion and allowing the main differential diagnoses to be excluded without biopsy. The patient underwent stereotactic radiotherapy (30 Gy in 5 fractions), with significant regression of the lesion on follow-up MRI at five months. This case illustrates the role of MR spectroscopy in the non-invasive characterization of atypical cerebellopontine angle lesions.},
}

@article {pmid42911537,
year = {2026},
author = {Mukwada, G and Rattanpal, D and Rowshanfarzad, P and Ebert, MA},
title = {In silico assessment of out-of-field dose in multiple brain metastases stereotactic radiosurgery.},
journal = {Physical and engineering sciences in medicine},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {42911537},
issn = {2662-4737},
abstract = {In stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for multiple brain metastases (MBM), there is higher out-of-field (OOF) dose contribution than that experienced in single metastasis. This study seeks to assess the impact of the introduced error in OOF dose in MBM SRS. CyberKnife Off-Centre-Ratios (OCRs) were modified by altering the measured umbra dose by an average 0.3 and 0.6% of the maximum in-field dose for 12 cones at 5 depths. An existing MATLAB Independent Dose Calculation (IDC) code was used to calculate dose at the Gross-Target-Volume (GTV) centre-of-mass (COM) and to surrounding voxels. GTV COM dose was calculated for 126 GTVs (36 patients) and dose deviations between unmodified and modified OCR were compared. Treatment plans in the Precision treatment planning system were analysed for potential causes of dose uncertainties. Up to 7.2% GTV COM dose deviation was observed for an average 0.6% change in umbra dose. Patients with many GTVs that were close to each other, with GTVs through which many beam passed or were proximal, and patients with large GTVs had higher dose deviations due to OOF dose contributions. Patients with multiple dose prescription levels (MDPLs) had larger dose deviations for GTVs with lower prescribed dose. Introducing known errors in umbra dose showed that MBM doses are impacted by OOF dose non-uniformly. OOF dose from one GTV beams can contribute significant dose to other GTVs and can be influenced by GTV-to-GTV proximity, geometrical distribution of GTVs, beam orientations, GTV sizes, and MPDLs. MBM SRS dose calculation demands accurate estimates of OOF dose.},
}

@article {pmid42913693,
year = {2026},
author = {El Ouati, A and Trojani, V and Botti, A and Braglia, F and Iori, M and Cagni, E},
title = {Configuration of a Monte Carlo-Based Secondary Plan Verification Tool: An Analytical Approach to User-Specific Parameter Tuning.},
journal = {Biomedical physics & engineering express},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1088/2057-1976/aeb80b},
pmid = {42913693},
issn = {2057-1976},
abstract = {Quality assurance in radiotherapy traditionally relies on pre-treatment measurement-based verification using homogeneous phantoms, which may not fully account for patient-specific heterogeneities. Independent dose calculation (IDC) methods have emerged as an alternative for secondary plan verification, but their accuracy depends on proper modelling of multileaf collimator (MLC) parameters. This work focuses on the efficient and systematic tuning of these parameters. In particular, the MC module of RadCalc® (RCMC, version 7.4) was commissioned for multiple photon beam energies (6X, 6FFF, 10X, 10FFF) for two Varian TrueBeam® linear accelerators, namely TB1 and TB2. An analytical workflow was developed to determine the optimal Additional Radiation to Light Field Offset (ARLFO) value from a linear interpolation of the differences between dose measurements at different MLC-gaps and RCMC calculations, combined with weighting factors reflecting dosimetric sensitivity and clinical MLC-apertures frequencies. The method was validated on an independent clinical set of plans using the Gamma Passing Rate (GPR) evaluation (2%/2 mm local dose criterion, 10% dose threshold), and statistical significance of differences between optimal and default values of ARLFO was assessed via Wilcoxon signed-rank test. The obtained optimal ARLFO values differed between the two linacs, being positive for TB1 and negative for TB2 across all beam energies. The use of the optimized ARLFO led to a systematic increase in median GPRs: for TB1, improvements ranged from +3.8 to +8.4 percentage points (p ≤ 0.028); for TB2, increases ranged from +8.8 to +17 percentage points (p ≤ 0.0020), with no significant change observed for 10X (p = 0.31). The proposed analytical approach enables simple, efficient, and reproducible user-specific parameter tuning in Monte Carlo-based secondary dose verification and is expected to be applicable across different clinical settings. .},
}

@article {pmid42918119,
year = {2026},
author = {Tank, P and D'Souza, F and Nagarajan, K and Muthukalingan, K and Kumar, AWS and Ramesh Kumar, N},
title = {Integrated Effects of Digestion Strategy and LC Gradient Architecture Define Host Cell Protein Detectability in CHO Null Harvests.},
journal = {Journal of proteome research},
volume = {25},
number = {10},
pages = {5200-5211},
doi = {10.1021/acs.jproteome.6c00097},
pmid = {42918119},
issn = {1535-3907},
support = {NA//Zelle Biotechnology Pvt. Ltd./ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; CHO Cells ; Cricetulus ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry ; Proteolysis ; Chromatography, Liquid/methods ; Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry/methods ; Trypsin/metabolism ; *Proteomics/methods ; Cricetinae ; *Proteins/analysis ; },
abstract = {Accurate characterization of host cell proteins (HCPs) is critical for biologics development, yet analytical outcomes are strongly influenced by the digestion strategy and chromatographic design. Here, we systematically evaluated digestion parameters, including digestion mode, enzyme ratio, and incubation time, together with LC-MS gradient architecture using a CHO null harvest as a controlled model system to isolate workflow-dependent analytical effects from biological variability. Specifically, the study was designed to determine how these variables jointly influence HCP detection and the physicochemical and biological characteristics of the detected protein populations. By comparing reducing and nonreducing digestion approaches across multiple trypsin ratios and incubation times, we found that under low-enzyme conditions, the primary constraint on HCP recovery is insufficient proteolysis rather than chromatographic undersampling. Reconfiguration of the gradient architecture altered peptide sampling efficiency and MS/MS utilization, enabling controlled comparison of digestion workflows under equivalent acquisition constraints. While higher enzyme ratios increased overall HCP identifications, subcellular localization analysis revealed that low-enzyme native digestion preferentially detected secreted and extracellular proteins with limited access to intracellular species. Extension of native digestion partially restored intracellular protein detection but did not fully recapitulate the coverage achieved by higher enzyme workflows. These findings demonstrate that digestion accessibility and chromatographic spacing impose workflow-dependent effects that shape both the depth and biological origin of detected HCPs, underscoring the need to consider the digestion strategy and chromatographic design together in HCP characterization workflows.},
}

Animals
CHO Cells
Cricetulus
Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Proteolysis
Chromatography, Liquid/methods
Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry/methods
Trypsin/metabolism
*Proteomics/methods
Cricetinae
*Proteins/analysis

@article {pmid42918709,
year = {2026},
author = {Shee, K and Song, JJ and Cowan, JE and Cornelia Ding, CK and Nie, J and Lee, G and Raizenne, BL and Simko, JP and Stohr, BA and Greenland, N and Sirohi, D and Wang, L and Chu, CE and Chappidi, M and Washington, SL and Shinohara, K and Nguyen, HG and Cooperberg, MR and Carroll, PR},
title = {The Nature of Progression on Active Surveillance for Favorable-risk Gleason Grade Group 2 Prostate Cancer.},
journal = {European urology oncology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.euo.2026.10.003},
pmid = {42918709},
issn = {2588-9311},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Active surveillance (AS) is a recommended option for favorable-risk Gleason grade group 2 (GG2) prostate cancer (PCa), but uptake varies.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the nature of progression of confirmed GG2 disease in a well-annotated AS cohort.

Participants at the University of California, San Francisco, were diagnosed with cT1-2N0/xM0/x, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) <20 ng/ml, core positivity ≤50%, and GG2 PCa without expansile cribriform or intraductal carcinoma (EC/IDC) at diagnosis, with two or more biopsies on AS from 2000 to 2025.

INTERVENTION: Active surveillance.

Outcomes were upgrade (GG3 or higher), volume increase to >50%, EC/IDC, disease progression (upgrade, volume increase, or EC/IDC), active treatment, recurrence (biochemical recurrence or salvage treatment) after radical prostatectomy (RP), metastasis, and PCa-specific mortality (PCSM). Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to identify risk factors for AS outcomes.

RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS: A total of 329 men were included. At 5 and 10 yr of follow-up, respectively, the upgrade rate was 31% and 58%, volume increase rate was 22% and 31%, EC/IDC development rate was 10% and 41%, disease progression rate was 44% and 79%, active treatment rate was 46% and 65%, and metastasis rate was 0.80% and 3.3%. The 5-yr post-RP recurrence rate was 32%. No PCSM events were recorded within 10 yr. PSA density (PSAD) and positive baseline multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI; Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System 4-5) were associated with disease progression and active treatment. Limitations include the single-institution cohort, a largely Caucasian population, and incomplete mpMRI and genomic testing.

CONCLUSIONS: Men with confirmed favorable-risk GG2 PCa on AS have moderate rates of disease progression requiring treatment at 10 yr. Metastasis and PCSM rates were low, but confidence intervals are wide and require external validation. Positive mpMRI and increased PSAD were associated with disease progression and can help tailor AS intensity.},
}

@article {pmid42903090,
year = {2026},
author = {Cheng, M and Wang, D and Lin, Y and Wu, C and Hong, R and Zhang, J and Li, J},
title = {Integrated CDK4/6 inhibitor resistance and primary-metastatic discordance in hormone receptor-positive/HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer: a translational framework focused on invasive ductal carcinoma with gastric metastasis.},
journal = {Frontiers in oncology},
volume = {16},
number = {},
pages = {1918231},
pmid = {42903090},
issn = {2234-943X},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: CDK4/6 inhibitors have reshaped treatment for hormone receptor-positive (HR+)/HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer, but resistance frequently emerges and may interact with metastatic phenotypic evolution. We developed an integrated resistance-discordance framework and explored its clinical interpretability in invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) with gastric metastasis.

METHODS: Public MSK-INK4 (cBioPortal study ID: breast_ink4_msk_2021) and MBCproject (brca_mbcproject_wagle_2017) cohorts were curated for HR+/HER2-negative disease. A five-module CDK4/6 inhibitor resistance score (0-5) was constructed from predefined mutation and copy-number events. In MBCproject RNA-seq samples, single-sample gene-set enrichment analysis quantified proliferation and estrogen-response activity. Discordance burden was defined as z(proliferation score) minus z(ER score), using primary tumors as the reference. Three institutional IDC gastric-metastasis cases were projected onto the framework for interpretability but not inferential testing.

RESULTS: Seventy HR+/HER2-negative MBCproject samples and 1116 deduplicated MSK-INK4 metastatic samples were analyzed. MBCproject metastases had higher resistance scores than primary tumors (P = 0.001), whereas metastatic scores were similar between MBCproject and MSK-INK4 (P = 0.202). Metastases showed higher proliferation activity (P = 0.014) and a trend toward lower ER activity (P = 0.071). The high-resistance/high-discordance quadrant was enriched for PI3K-axis events (OR = 16.52; P = 0.034), chromatin-remodeling loss-of-function events (OR = 12.47; P = 0.001), and cell-cycle/RB-axis events (OR = 9.03; P = 0.001). Among the three IDC gastric-metastasis cases, two available gastric NGS profiles mapped to predefined resistance modules, and the case with increased gastric Ki-67 showed the strongest IHC-adapted discordance and projected toward the high-resistance/high-discordance phenotype.

CONCLUSION: Coupling resistance-associated genomic events with metastatic phenotype discordance may provide a clinically interpretable lens for HR+/HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer and for rare IDC gastric-metastasis presentations.},
}

@article {pmid42903121,
year = {2026},
author = {Sweeney, C and Rush, G and O'Dwyer, S and Mac Eochagain, C and Plunkett, R},
title = {Complications of clozapine cessation in the context of chemotherapy-related neutropenia-a case report.},
journal = {Frontiers in oncology},
volume = {16},
number = {},
pages = {1863699},
pmid = {42903121},
issn = {2234-943X},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Clozapine is the gold standard for treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS). It requires strict monitoring of full blood count (FBC), due to the risk of neutropenia and agranulocytosis.

CASE HISTORY: AB is a woman in her mid-40s with TRS, diagnosed with invasive ductal carcinoma of the right breast. She was commenced on a chemotherapy regimen of docetaxel, carboplatin, trastuzumab, and pertuzumab. Four days after the initial infusion, AB developed neutropenia with an absolute neutrophil count of 0.2 × 10[9]/L. In accordance with local protocols and discussion with the Clozapine Patient Monitoring Service (CPMS), clozapine was immediately discontinued. Two weeks after clozapine cessation, AB displayed catatonic symptoms characterised by mutism, posturing, and automatic obedience, scoring 27 on the Bush-Francis Catatonia Rating Scale (BFCRS). A positive lorazepam challenge confirmed the diagnosis of clozapine-withdrawal catatonia. Despite regular high-dose benzodiazepines and treatment with antipsychotics, AB's presentation continued to deteriorate, characterised by prominent delusions and hallucinations, impeding oncological treatment. AB was seen extensively by liaison psychiatry and treated with high-dose typical and atypical antipsychotics; however, she failed to respond adequately to treatment. Given AB's extensive previous history of management on clozapine without previous haematological disturbance and ongoing decline in mental state, coupled with the timeline of symptoms 4 days after the administration of chemotherapy agents associated with neutropenia, namely, carboplatin, the decision was taken to reinstate clozapine. Following titration of clozapine and transfer to a specialist psychiatric unit, AB's symptoms resolved rapidly, allowing for the successful completion of chemotherapy. Carboplatin was omitted in subsequent cycles, with no further episodes of neutropenia.

DISCUSSION: This case highlights the diagnostic challenge of neutropenia in psychiatric patients on clozapine, who are also undergoing treatment for comorbid medical conditions. The presence of neutropenia in clozapine patients may lead to diagnostic overshadowing and delay the diagnosis of the underlying cause of neutropenia, resulting in delays to treatment as well as unnecessary cessation of clozapine and risk of relapse. Furthermore, this case highlights the risk of catatonia associated with the withdrawal of clozapine and the importance of its rapid identification and management.

CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians should consider differing aetiologies of neutropenia in clozapine patients, especially those undergoing chemotherapy. Furthermore, clinicians should be skilled in recognising catatonia and initiating prompt treatment.},
}

@article {pmid42903284,
year = {2026},
author = {Wannasri, T and Tosirisuk, P and Limpratya, T},
title = {Residual Oncological Risk After Chest Masculinization Surgery: Invasive Breast Cancer 2 Years After Surgery.},
journal = {Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open},
volume = {14},
number = {10},
pages = {e8222},
pmid = {42903284},
issn = {2169-7574},
abstract = {Chest masculinization surgery (gender-affirming mastectomy [GAM]) is increasingly performed to achieve a masculine chest contour. Unlike oncological mastectomy, GAM prioritizes aesthetic outcomes and may leave residual glandular tissue. Although breast cancer after GAM is uncommon, its occurrence raises important clinical considerations regarding residual risk and surveillance. We report a case of invasive ductal carcinoma arising 2 years after subcutaneous chest masculinization surgery in a transgender patient without testosterone exposure or known hereditary cancer predisposition. Clinical, imaging, pathological findings, and management were reviewed. A 44-year-old transgender man presented with a palpable left chest wall mass 2 years after GAM performed at an outside private clinic, where no preoperative imaging or pathological evaluation had been performed. He had no known hereditary cancer predisposition. Imaging demonstrated a 1.2-cm lesion beneath the nipple-areolar complex. Core biopsy confirmed hormone receptor-positive, HER2-negative invasive ductal carcinoma. Germline testing was negative. The patient underwent completion mastectomy with an axillary evaluation, which revealed stage IIA disease with nodal involvement. Adjuvant chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and endocrine therapy were administered. At 9-month follow-up, the patient remains disease-free. This case highlights that chest masculinization surgery reduces but does not eliminate breast cancer risk. Residual glandular tissue may represent a potential substrate for malignancy, although causation cannot be definitively established. Preoperative imaging should be considered in patients meeting standard breast cancer screening criteria. Excised tissue may warrant histopathological evaluation. Surgeons should provide appropriate counseling and maintain appropriate postoperative cancer surveillance.},
}

@article {pmid42905459,
year = {2026},
author = {Madani, S and Gharepapagh, E and Barough, MS and Rezaieh, NB and Montazer, M and Azizi, M and Rezaei, S},
title = {Comparison of 99mTc-Phytate and 99mTc-Antimony Trisulfide in sentinel lymph node detection: a lymphoscintigraphy study in breast cancer patients.},
journal = {Radiation protection dosimetry},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/rpd/ncag058},
pmid = {42905459},
issn = {1742-3406},
abstract = {Sentinel lymph node biopsy is critical for breast cancer staging and management. While 99mTc-Phytate is the established standard radiotracer, 99mTc-Antimony Trisulfide has limited clinical application due to radiopharmaceutical supply constraints. This proof-of-concept study evaluates both radiotracers' diagnostic effectiveness and validates 99mTc-Antimony Trisulfide as a viable alternative. This institutional study included 39 breast cancer patients undergoing sentinel lymph node biopsy. Patients received either 99mTc-Phytate (n = 28; 71.8%) or 99mTc-Antimony Trisulfide (n = 10; 25.6%) via periareolar (n = 24) or peritumoral (n = 15) injection. Sentinel lymph node identification and gamma probe concordance were analyzed. Mean patient age was 53.5 ± 9.5 years. Invasive ductal carcinoma predominated (87%). 99mTc-Phytate achieved 100% detection (28 of 28 patients), while 99mTc-Antimony Trisulfide achieved 90.9% (10 of 11 patients). Intraoperative gamma probe concordance was 100% in all successfully visualized cases (38 of 38). Both radiotracers effectively identify sentinel lymph nodes with high diagnostic accuracy. While 99mTc-Phytate remains the preferred first-line agent, 99mTc-Antimony Trisulfide represents a validated alternative, particularly valuable in resource-limited settings or during radiopharmaceutical supply disruptions.},
}

@article {pmid42905566,
year = {2026},
author = {Sinci, KA and Aksit, M and Gursoy Bulut, M},
title = {Benchmark Evaluation of Vision-Enabled Large Language Models in Mammography: A Case-Control Study.},
journal = {Journal of breast imaging},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/jbi/wbag038},
pmid = {42905566},
issn = {2631-6129},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To compare the diagnostic performance of five contemporary vision-enabled large language models (LLMs) in mammography interpretation using a case-control benchmark design.

METHODS: A total of 200 cases were analyzed using a quota-balanced case-control design (100 malignant, BI-RADS 4-5; 100 controls, BI-RADS 1-2). All models (ChatGPT-5T, ChatGPT-5I, ChatGPT-4o, Gemini 2.5 Pro, and Gemini 2.5 Flash) received standard mammography images. Models were evaluated for lesion detection, laterality, quadrant localization, lesion type, and malignant-benign discrimination. Performance was assessed using accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, balanced accuracy, Cohen's κ, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). Breast density was recorded for all cases, while histopathological subtype and lesion size were documented for malignant cases.

RESULTS: Lesion detection accuracy ranged from 79% to 91%, with high malignant sensitivity (92%-100%) but lower specificity in normal cases (24%-82%). ChatGPT-5T performed best in laterality (83%; κ = 0.70) and quadrant localization (73%; κ = 0.62). Lesion type classification was modest (74%-85%). In malignant-benign discrimination, ChatGPT-5T achieved the highest balanced accuracy (87%), while ChatGPT-4o showed poor specificity (28%). The study cohort was predominantly composed of lower-density breasts, larger lesions, and invasive ductal carcinoma as the most common subtype.

CONCLUSION: Vision-enabled LLMs demonstrated high sensitivity for breast lesion detection and classification tasks. More deliberative models, particularly ChatGPT-5T, consistently outperformed faster counterparts, especially in spatial reasoning tasks. However, reduced specificity in normal cases underscores that current LLM outputs should remain under radiologist supervision as supportive second-reader tools rather than standalone diagnostic systems. Given the quota-balanced design and cohort composition, results should be interpreted as comparative benchmarking rather than real-world diagnostic performance.},
}

@article {pmid40248531,
year = {2025},
author = {Altamirano, GA and Romero, C and Moreno Cabrera, CS and Sobalvarro, JI and Aragón Conrado, LE},
title = {From Breast to Eye: A Rare Case of Ocular Metastasis From Luminal Breast Cancer in a Nicaraguan Patient.},
journal = {Cureus},
volume = {17},
number = {3},
pages = {e80748},
pmid = {40248531},
issn = {2168-8184},
abstract = {Ocular metastases from breast cancer are rare but significant, with invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) showing a higher tendency for ocular involvement than invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC). Radiotherapy is the main treatment, but the prognosis is poor. This case involves a 37-year-old woman with a history of bilateral breast cancer, initially treated with surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. She later developed pulmonary progression, bone metastases, and other complications. The patient experienced worsening vision loss, headaches, tinnitus, and systemic decline. Imaging showed brain lesions and choroidal metastasis. Extensive metastasis was confirmed, including in the pleura, liver, and bones. Ophthalmologic evaluation revealed increased intraocular pressure, requiring medical management and planned cyclophotocoagulation. Due to the advanced disease, a palliative care approach was initiated, with radiotherapy planned for ocular metastasis. This case highlights the aggressive nature of metastatic luminal B breast cancer with ocular involvement and underscores the importance of early detection and a multidisciplinary approach to patient care.},
}

@article {pmid40248551,
year = {2025},
author = {Abdallaoui Maane, L and Ismaili, N and Siati, A and Fareh, M and Elghanmi, A and Bouziyane, A and Dehayni, M},
title = {Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: A Retrospective Study of 23 Cases in Morocco.},
journal = {Cureus},
volume = {17},
number = {3},
pages = {e80756},
pmid = {40248551},
issn = {2168-8184},
abstract = {Introduction Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is characterized by the absence of estrogen and progesterone hormone receptor expression in tumor cells, and the lack of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) growth factor expression on immunohistochemistry. It is considered an aggressive subtype with limited treatment options, based mainly on chemotherapy, surgery, and radiotherapy. Materials and methods This retrospective study examines the epidemiological, clinical, pathological, and therapeutic characteristics of TNBC. It is based on a series of 23 cases collected from the Medical Oncology Department of the Cheikh Khalifa Ibn Zaid Al Nahyan International University Hospital in Casablanca, Morocco, over a period of three years and six months. The study focuses on newly diagnosed patients with TNBC, with data collected from the medical records of patients who were diagnosed and treated during this period. Follow-up data were analyzed to assess disease progression and treatment response, but all cases included were diagnosed during the study period. Results Of the total 242 breast cancer cases, 12.4% (30 cases) were diagnosed with TNBC. Due to missing data, only 23 cases were included in the final analysis. The average age of patients was 51.35 years, and 26.09% (six patients) had a family history of breast cancer. Invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) was the most common histological type, accounting for 91.30% (21 cases) of cases, with a mean tumor size of 40.69 mm. Histoprognostic grades II and III were predominant, representing 30.43% (seven cases) and 52.17% (12 cases) of cases, respectively. Surgical treatments included conservative lumpectomy in 43.48% (10 patients), radical mastectomy according to the Patey technique in 26.09% (six patients), and no surgery for 30.43% (seven patients). Chemotherapy was administered to 69.6% (16 patients) of patients, with 39.1% (nine patients) receiving adjuvant therapy and 30.4% (seven patients) undergoing neoadjuvant treatment. Lymph node involvement was present in 63.64% (14 patients) of cases, with bone metastasis in 45.45% (10 patients) and lung metastasis in 27.27% (six patients). The disease course was considered unfavorable in 55% (13 patients) of cases, with disease progression observed in these patients. Specifically, 35% developed local recurrence, and 35% experienced metastatic progression. The average recurrence-free survival was 22.74 months post-diagnosis. Conclusion TNBC is a highly aggressive form of breast cancer, associated with a poor prognosis due to its high metastatic potential and frequent recurrence, particularly within the first two years after diagnosis. Current therapeutic options remain limited, highlighting the ongoing need for improved treatment strategies and early detection efforts.},
}

@article {pmid40251247,
year = {2025},
author = {Shahzad, T and Mazhar, T and Saqib, SM and Ouahada, K},
title = {Transformer-inspired training principles based breast cancer prediction: combining EfficientNetB0 and ResNet50.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {13501},
pmid = {40251247},
issn = {2045-2322},
mesh = {Humans ; *Breast Neoplasms/diagnosis/pathology/diagnostic imaging ; Female ; COVID-19 ; Deep Learning ; Machine Learning ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Algorithms ; },
abstract = {Breast cancer is a leading killer and has been deepened by COVID-19, which affected diagnosis and treatment services. The absence of a rapid, efficient, accurate diagnostic tool remains a pressing issue for this severe disease. Thus, it is still possible to encounter issues concerning diagnostic accuracy and utilization of errors in the sphere of machine learning, deep learning, and transfer learning models. This paper presents a new model combining EfficientNetB0 and ResNet50 to improve the classification of breast histopathology images into IDC and non-IDC classes. The implementation steps, it include resizing all the images to be of a standard size of 128*128 pixels and then performing normalization to enhance the learning model. EfficientNetB0 is selected for its efficient yet effective performance while ResNet50 employs deep residual connections to overcome the vanishing gradient problem. The proposed model that incorporates some of the characteristics from both architectures turns out to be very resilient and accurate in classification. The model demonstrates superior performance with an accuracy of 94%, a Mean Absolute Error (MAE) of 0.0628, and a Matthews Correlation Coefficient (MCC) of 0.8690. These results outperform previous baselines and show that the model performs well in achieving a good trade-off between precision and recall. The comparison with the related works demonstrates the superiority of the proposed ensemble approach in terms of accuracy and complexity, which makes it efficient for practical breast cancer diagnosis and screening.},
}

Humans
*Breast Neoplasms/diagnosis/pathology/diagnostic imaging
Female
COVID-19
Deep Learning
Machine Learning
SARS-CoV-2
Algorithms

@article {pmid40252206,
year = {2025},
author = {Sanli, AN and Kara, H and Tekcan Sanli, DE and Arikan, AE and Cabioglu, N and Uras, C},
title = {Comparison of Clinicopathologic Features and Survival Outcomes of Pleomorphic Lobular, Classical Lobular, and Invasive Ductal Carcinoma.},
journal = {World journal of surgery},
volume = {49},
number = {6},
pages = {1406-1417},
doi = {10.1002/wjs.12589},
pmid = {40252206},
issn = {1432-2323},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; *Breast Neoplasms/mortality/pathology/therapy ; *Carcinoma, Lobular/mortality/pathology/therapy ; Retrospective Studies ; Middle Aged ; *Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/mortality/pathology/therapy ; Aged ; SEER Program ; Adult ; Survival Rate ; Neoplasm Staging ; Mastectomy ; },
abstract = {PURPOSE: The objective of this research is to assess the clinical importance of pleomorphic lobular carcinoma (PLC) by contrasting its survival outcomes and clinicopathological characteristics with those of classical invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) and invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC).

METHODS: Data from the SEER (Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results) database, which covers patients with breast cancer diagnosed between 2010 and 2021, are used in this retrospective analysis. Clinical, pathological, and demographic factors were noted. Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression models were used to conduct survival analyses.

RESULTS: A total of 639,943 patients were included in the study. 182 (0.03%) patients were diagnosed with PLC, 74,565 (11.6%) were with ILC, and 565,196 (88.3%) were with IDC. Compared with ILC and IDC, PLC was associated with higher tumor grade, higher T, N stage, and stage 3-4 AJCC stage, higher hormone negativity, and triple negativity rates. Breast-conserving surgery (BCS) rates were lower in the PLC group, whereas mastectomy, no surgery, and chemotherapy rates were higher. Five-year and 10-year overall survival (OS) and disease-specific survival (DSS) rates were significantly lower in the PLC group than in both ILC and IDC (p < 0.05). However, when survival outcomes were evaluated according to stage, no statistically significant differences in overall survival (OS) or disease-specific survival (DSS) were found between PLC and ILC or between PLC and IDC across all disease stages (p > 0.05).

CONCLUSION: PLC, a very rare type of breast cancer, has worse clinicopathological features and worse survival outcomes than both ILC and IDC. These findings highlight the need for more specialized personalized targeted therapeutic strategies for PLC.},
}

Humans
Female
*Breast Neoplasms/mortality/pathology/therapy
*Carcinoma, Lobular/mortality/pathology/therapy
Retrospective Studies
Middle Aged
*Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/mortality/pathology/therapy
Aged
SEER Program
Adult
Survival Rate
Neoplasm Staging
Mastectomy

@article {pmid40255334,
year = {2025},
author = {Raj, FA and Ajmal, IT and Thiyagarajan, A and Ajmal, MY and Selvam, P and Muralidhar, V},
title = {Synchronous breast carcinoma with ipsilateral axillary tuberculosis, posing a diagnostic dilemma.},
journal = {Journal of surgical case reports},
volume = {2025},
number = {4},
pages = {rjaf218},
pmid = {40255334},
issn = {2042-8812},
abstract = {This case report describes a 63-year-old postmenopausal diabetic female with synchronous primary invasive ductal carcinoma of the right breast and tuberculosis (TB) of the ipsilateral axillary lymph nodes. Presenting with a palpable right breast lump and axillary lymphadenopathy, the patient underwent imaging, revealing BIRADS V classification and suspicious lymph nodes. Core needle biopsy confirmed invasive carcinoma, while lymph node histology revealed caseating granulomatous inflammation consistent with TB. Managed with modified radical mastectomy, adjuvant chemotherapy, and antitubercular therapy, the patient showed complete disease resolution on follow-up. This rare coexistence underscores the necessity for histopathological confirmation and multidisciplinary management to optimize outcomes.},
}

@article {pmid40256672,
year = {2025},
author = {Yuan, M and Yin, Y and Chu, Z and Yan, J},
title = {Investigation of Risk Factors and Development and Validation of a Nomogram for Predicting Overall Survival in Breast-Invasive Lobular Carcinoma.},
journal = {Breast care (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {20},
number = {2},
pages = {118-131},
pmid = {40256672},
issn = {1661-3791},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) of the breast is a common pathological subtype of breast cancer, ranks second in terms of incidence rate following invasive ductal carcinoma. The aims of this study were to construct a nomogram for predicting overall survival (OS) in patients with ILC and to identify risk factors that affect their survival prognosis.

METHODS: The patients diagnosed with ILC between 2010 and 2015 were extracted from Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. They were randomly split into a training set with 18,365 samples for model training and parameter tuning and a validation set with 7,872 samples for independent accuracy verification. The independent risk factors were screened by lasso regression and multivariable Cox regression. A nomogram was constructed for the 3-year, 5-year, and 10-year OS rates based on these independent risk factors. Model efficiency was assessed through Harrell's concordance index (C-index), calibration curves, receiver operating characteristic curves, and decision curve analysis (DCA).

RESULTS: A total of 26,237 patients diagnosed with ILC were included. The following factors were identified as independent risk factors associated with OS: age, marital status, grade, estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, surgery, radiation therapy, tumor size (T), lymph node (N), and metastasis (M) stages. The C-index was 0.795 in the training set, while in the validation set it was 0.791. The corresponding areas under the curve for 3-year, 5-year, and 10-year OS were 0.837, 0.828, and 0.791 in the training set and 0.832, 0.826, and 0.781 in the validation set, respectively. The calibration curve of the nomogram showed good consistency, and the DCA curves also suggested that it can provide valuable guidance for clinical decision-making.

CONCLUSIONS: The established nomogram predicting 3-year, 5-year, and 10-year OS for patients with ILC showed a good performance and it can help clinicians make more favorable clinical decisions.},
}

@article {pmid40260130,
year = {2025},
author = {Tamomh, AG and Ali, MO and Walana, W and Mohammed, NM and Hassan, IM and Hamed, ME and Alkab, MJ and Mohammed, GI and Albashir, EA and Mahmoud, RO and Ahmed, MS},
title = {Intestinal Parasitic Infections and Associated Risk Factors Among Children in an Internally Displaced Center (IDC) in Kosti City of the White Nile State, Sudan.},
journal = {Journal of parasitology research},
volume = {2025},
number = {},
pages = {5542680},
pmid = {40260130},
issn = {2090-0023},
abstract = {Background: Intestinal parasitic infections (IPIs) are considered a global health problem, especially in developing countries such as Sudan. Over three million people have been displaced in Sudan due to civil war, and children are severely affected. However, there is limited data regarding IPIs among children in internally displaced centers (IDCs) in the White Nile State, especially in Kosti City. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of IPIs and the associated risk factors among Sudanese children in an IDC in Kosti City, White Nile State, Sudan. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 508 children at the IDC, and 508 corresponding stool samples were collected. Parents and guardians of children aged 1-10 were contacted randomly to voluntarily enroll their wards in the study. The sample collection period was from June 15th to November 15th, 2023. The stool samples were examined using direct wet mount and formal ether concentration techniques. Results: The overall prevalence of IPIs among children of the IDC was 33.9% (172/508). Specifically, the prevalence of intestinal parasites (IPs) among the children were Entamoeba histolytica (6.7%), Giardia lamblia (25.0%), and Hymenolepis nana (2.2%). Age-wise, the proportion of IPIs among children (1-5 years) was 29.8% (59/198), and those 6-10 years were 40.3% (125/310), p < 0.05. IPIs among males (32.1%) were less than females (34.9%), p > 0.05. Conclusion: The study concluded a relatively high prevalence of IPIs among children in IDC in Kosti City, White Nile State, Sudan. Therefore, a swift public intervention plan is needed, such as improving hygiene and sanitation, health education, and periodic screening and deworming of the affected population, particularly children.},
}

@article {pmid40262013,
year = {2025},
author = {Young, R and Zaworski, E and Hart, M and Grewe, B and Liang, E and Pierpont, Y},
title = {Sarcoidosis Masquerading as Breast Implant- Associated Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma - The Importance of Definitive Pathology to Guide Therapy.},
journal = {WMJ : official publication of the State Medical Society of Wisconsin},
volume = {124},
number = {1},
pages = {71-73},
pmid = {40262013},
issn = {2379-3961},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/surgery ; Breast Neoplasms/surgery ; *Breast Implants/adverse effects ; Mammaplasty/adverse effects/instrumentation ; *Postoperative Complications/diagnosis/etiology/pathology ; *Lymphoma, Large-Cell, Anaplastic/diagnosis ; *Sarcoidosis/diagnosis/etiology/pathology ; Diagnosis, Differential ; *Seroma/diagnosis/etiology/pathology ; },
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma (BIA-ALCL) is a rare critical outcome of breast implantation that typically presents 8 to 10 years after textured-implant placement with periprosthetic seroma. Treatment consists of implant removal and capsulectomy, which is typically curative. But in rare case, malignant infiltration through the capsule results in disseminated disease, necessitating aggressive treatment with systemic chemotherapy. Sarcoidosis, a chronic systemic granulomatous disease characterized by noncaseating granulomas, is another rare cause of periprosthetic seroma.

CASE PRESENTATION: A 61-year-old female with a history of invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast status post textured implant-based reconstruction presented with late periprosthetic seroma and overlying rash. Cytology of seroma aspirate was suggestive of BIA-ALCL, and positron emission tomography-computed tomography was concerning for invasive disease. Surgical specimen pathology of the implant-capsule complex and skin punch biopsy of the overlying rash revealed only granulomatous inflammation. The patient was diagnosed with sarcoidosis and spared systemic chemotherapy treatment for disseminated BIA-ALCL.

CONCLUSIONS: BIA-ALCL should be ruled out in all cases of late periprosthetic seroma. Definitive surgical pathology is necessary to prevent misdiagnosis and inappropriate treatment of masquerading entities, such as sarcoidosis.},
}

Humans
Female
Middle Aged
Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/surgery
Breast Neoplasms/surgery
*Breast Implants/adverse effects
Mammaplasty/adverse effects/instrumentation
*Postoperative Complications/diagnosis/etiology/pathology
*Lymphoma, Large-Cell, Anaplastic/diagnosis
*Sarcoidosis/diagnosis/etiology/pathology
Diagnosis, Differential
*Seroma/diagnosis/etiology/pathology

@article {pmid40263095,
year = {2025},
author = {Li, Y and Ye, Y and Tao, X and Liang, X and Qiu, X and Zhao, J},
title = {Prognostic Features and Predictive Model for Mixed Invasive Ductal and Lobular Breast Carcinoma in Early-Stage Patients.},
journal = {Clinical breast cancer},
volume = {25},
number = {6},
pages = {e846-e856.e6},
doi = {10.1016/j.clbc.2025.03.019},
pmid = {40263095},
issn = {1938-0666},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; *Carcinoma, Lobular/pathology/mortality/therapy ; *Breast Neoplasms/pathology/mortality/therapy ; Prognosis ; *Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology/mortality/therapy ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Staging ; SEER Program/statistics & numerical data ; Aged ; Adult ; Survival Rate ; Kaplan-Meier Estimate ; },
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Mixed invasive ductal and lobular breast carcinoma (IDLC) is a rare and understudied subtype of breast cancer with unique prognostic characteristics.

METHODS: This study analyzed data from the SEER database and the METABRIC database. Survival outcomes of IDLC were compared with those of IDC and ILC using Kaplan-Meier survival curves and Cox regression analyses. Based on these findings, a prognostic model tailored for IDLC patients was developed using the SEER cohort, which was divided into a training set (70%) and an internal validation set (30%). The model incorporated clinical and molecular features and was externally validated using the METABRIC cohort. Its performance was assessed via C-index, AUC, calibration curves, and decision curve analysis (DCA).

RESULTS: A total of 26,138 early-stage IDLC patients were included, along with 391,888 IDC and 47,571 ILC patients. In unadjusted analyses, IDLC showed better overall survival (OS) and breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS) compared to both IDC and ILC. However, after multivariate adjustment, the differences in survival outcomes varied. IDLC demonstrated better OS than IDC and better BCSS than ILC. Additionally, a prognostic model for early-stage IDLC that incorporates clinical and molecular features was developed.

CONCLUSION: This study found that early-stage IDLC had superior BCSS and OS in unadjusted analyses. However, after multivariate adjustment, there was no difference in BCSS between IDLC and IDC, and no difference in OS between IDLC and ILC. A prognostic model was developed and validated, offering precise predictions of OS and BCSS.},
}

Humans
Female
*Carcinoma, Lobular/pathology/mortality/therapy
*Breast Neoplasms/pathology/mortality/therapy
Prognosis
*Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology/mortality/therapy
Middle Aged
Neoplasm Staging
SEER Program/statistics & numerical data
Aged
Adult
Survival Rate
Kaplan-Meier Estimate

@article {pmid40269494,
year = {2025},
author = {Nakamura, S and Fujii, K and Sakai, M and Sakai, K and Hanazawa, H and Nishimura, K and Notohara, K and Yamaguchi, K and Itasaka, S},
title = {Arm-Behind-the-Back Position for Breast Cancer Radiotherapy in Patients with Lupus Erythematosus and Shoulder Arthropathy: A Case Report.},
journal = {The American journal of case reports},
volume = {26},
number = {},
pages = {e946674},
pmid = {40269494},
issn = {1941-5923},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; *Breast Neoplasms/radiotherapy/complications/surgery ; Adult ; *Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/complications ; *Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/radiotherapy/complications/surgery ; *Shoulder Joint ; *Patient Positioning/methods ; *Radiotherapy, Conformal/methods ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND When 3-dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3DCRT) for postoperative breast cancer is performed in the supine position, patients are required to raise their arms to spare the arms from the irradiation field. However, patients with collagen vascular disease can experience severe joint symptoms. CASE REPORT A 43-year-old woman with a history of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) 10 years ago received a diagnosis of invasive ductal carcinoma of the left breast. Breast-conserving surgery and sentinel lymph node biopsy were performed. The pathological stage was IA. Physical and immunological examinations indicated that SLE disease activity was stable preoperatively and postoperatively. She had difficulty holding her left arm in a raised position because of arthritis related to SLE and steroid therapy. For postoperative radiation therapy, we developed an arm-behind-the-back position, in which a platform was placed between the patient's body and couch. In this position, the patient's arm was lowered behind the back, such that the arm did not interfere with the irradiation field of 3DCRT. The treatment plan achieved an acceptable homogeneity index, low dose to the lungs and heart, and no problematic hotspots. Although the time required for position matching and irradiation tended to be longer than that in the regular supine position, scheduled irradiation was safely completed. Grade 2 radiation dermatitis was observed. The patient showed no signs of local recurrence or distant metastases after 15 months. No radiation pneumonitis was observed. CONCLUSIONS The ingenuity of positioning can achieve radiotherapy in patients with collagen vascular disease and shoulder joint symptoms.},
}

Humans
Female
*Breast Neoplasms/radiotherapy/complications/surgery
Adult
*Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/complications
*Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/radiotherapy/complications/surgery
*Shoulder Joint
*Patient Positioning/methods
*Radiotherapy, Conformal/methods

@article {pmid40270907,
year = {2025},
author = {Šantrůček, J and Kubásek, J and Janová, J and ŠantrůčKOvá, H and Altman, J and Tumajer, J and Hrádková, M and Cienciala, E},
title = {Response of leaf internal CO2 concentration and intrinsic water-use efficiency in Norway spruce to century-long gradual CO2 elevation.},
journal = {Photosynthetica},
volume = {63},
number = {1},
pages = {51-63},
pmid = {40270907},
issn = {1573-9058},
mesh = {*Picea/metabolism/physiology ; *Carbon Dioxide/metabolism ; *Plant Leaves/metabolism/physiology ; *Water/metabolism ; Photosynthesis ; },
abstract = {The strategies of Norway spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst.] to increasing atmospheric CO2 concentration (C a) are not entirely clear. Here, we reconstructed centennial trajectories of leaf internal CO2 concentration (C i) and intrinsic water-use efficiency (WUEi) from the amount of [13]C in tree-ring cellulose. We collected 57 cores across elevations, soil, and atmospheric conditions in central Europe. Generally, WUEi and C i increased over the last 100 years and the C i/C a ratio remained almost constant. However, two groups were distinguished. The first group showed a quasi-linear response to C a and the sensitivity of C i to C a (s = dC i/dC a) ranged from 0 to 1. Trees in the second group showed nonmonotonic responses with extremes during the peak of industrial air pollution in the 1980s and s increase from -1 to +1.6. Our study shows a marked attenuation of the rise in WUEi during the 20[th] century leading to invariant WUEi in recent decades.},
}

*Picea/metabolism/physiology
*Carbon Dioxide/metabolism
*Plant Leaves/metabolism/physiology
*Water/metabolism
Photosynthesis

@article {pmid40272489,
year = {2025},
author = {Goto, M and Le Bihan, D and Sakai, K and Yamada, K},
title = {Reduction of biopsy rate in BI-RADS4 breast lesions: potential of an abbreviated advanced DWI protocol.},
journal = {European radiology},
volume = {35},
number = {10},
pages = {6421-6432},
pmid = {40272489},
issn = {1432-1084},
support = {JP23K07211//Japan Society for the Promotion of Science/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; *Breast Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging/pathology ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; *Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods ; Biopsy/statistics & numerical data ; Contrast Media ; Aged ; Adult ; Breast/diagnostic imaging/pathology ; Unnecessary Procedures/statistics & numerical data ; },
abstract = {OBJECTIVES: This study compared the diagnostic performance of diffusion biomarkers estimated from an abbreviated diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) protocol and assessed their potential to reduce unnecessary biopsies of benign BI-RADS 4 lesions identified on dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) MRI.

METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted from 2019 to 2023. All patients underwent abbreviated DWI at 3 T with four b-values (0 s/mm[2], 200 s/mm[2], 800 s/mm[2], and 1500 s/mm[2]). Regions of interest were manually placed on DWI, and biomarkers, including the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC0-800), perfusion fraction intravoxel incoherent motion, non-Gaussian diffusion (ADC0 and kurtosis [K]), signature index (S-index), and shifted ADC (sADC), were estimated. Diagnostic performance and the potential to reduce unnecessary biopsies were evaluated for each parameter.

RESULTS: In total, 168 female patients (mean age ± standard deviation, 56.2 ± 13.5 years) with 178 BI-RADS 4 lesions on DCE MRI were analyzed. The median ADC0-800, sADC, and ADC0 were significantly lower in malignant lesions, while S-index and K were significantly higher (all p ≤ 0.001). The diagnostic performance to reclassify lesions as benign or malignant was identical for ADC0-800 (area under the curve = 0.67), sADC (0.69), S-index (0.69), ADC0 (0.68), and K (0.66). Applying an ad-hoc threshold cutoff, all parameters reduced unnecessary biopsies (around 16%), while K resulted in a slightly higher reduction rate than ADC0-800 (20.5% vs 15.9%, p = 0.317) without reducing sensitivity.

CONCLUSION: Diffusion MRI biomarkers obtained using an abbreviated DWI protocol reduced unnecessary biopsies in BI-RADS 4 lesions, with K performing slightly better than ADC.

KEY POINTS: Question MRI BI-RADS category 4 includes a substantial number of benign lesions, and reducing unnecessary biopsies remains a critical clinical concern. Findings The parameters from abbreviated DWI show lesion differentiation comparable to ADC and have greater potential to reduce unnecessary biopsies. Clinical relevance This study underscores the potential of imaging biomarkers from abbreviated DWI for assessing breast MRI BI-RADS 4 lesions. These biomarkers may be comparable or superior to standard ADC in reducing unnecessary biopsies and could aid in improving patient management decisions.},
}

Humans
Female
*Breast Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging/pathology
Middle Aged
Retrospective Studies
*Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods
Biopsy/statistics & numerical data
Contrast Media
Aged
Adult
Breast/diagnostic imaging/pathology
Unnecessary Procedures/statistics & numerical data

@article {pmid40272491,
year = {2025},
author = {Cozzi, A and Di Leo, G and Houssami, N and Gilbert, FJ and Helbich, TH and Álvarez Benito, M and Balleyguier, C and Bazzocchi, M and Bult, P and Calabrese, M and Camps Herrero, J and Cartia, F and Cassano, E and Clauser, P and de Lima Docema, MF and Depretto, C and Dominelli, V and Forrai, G and Girometti, R and Harms, SE and Hilborne, S and Ienzi, R and Lobbes, MBI and Losio, C and Mann, RM and Montemezzi, S and Obdeijn, IM and Aksoy Ozcan, U and Pediconi, F and Pinker, K and Preibsch, H and Raya Povedano, JL and Rossi Saccarelli, C and Sacchetto, D and Scaperrotta, GP and Schlooz, M and Szabó, BK and Taylor, DB and Ulus, SÖ and Van Goethem, M and Veltman, J and Weigel, S and Wenkel, E and Zuiani, C and Sardanelli, F},
title = {Preoperative breast MRI for invasive ductal carcinoma with or without a DCIS component at needle biopsy: influence on surgical outcomes in the MIPA study.},
journal = {European radiology},
volume = {35},
number = {10},
pages = {6433-6443},
pmid = {40272491},
issn = {1432-1084},
mesh = {Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Young Adult ; Biopsy, Needle ; *Breast Neoplasms/surgery/pathology/diagnostic imaging ; *Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/surgery/pathology/diagnostic imaging ; *Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/pathology/surgery/diagnostic imaging ; *Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods ; Mastectomy/statistics & numerical data ; Preoperative Care/methods ; Prospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome ; },
abstract = {OBJECTIVES: To analyse the impact of preoperative breast MRI on surgical outcomes of patients diagnosed with pure invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) or IDC with an associated in situ component (IDC + ductal carcinoma in situ [DCIS]) at needle biopsy.

METHODS: Patients aged 18-80 years referred for upfront surgery after a diagnosis of pure IDC or IDC + DCIS at needle biopsy were retrieved from the Multicenter International Prospective Analysis (MIPA) database. In each subgroup, patients who underwent preoperative MRI (MRI groups) were matched 1:1 to those who did not (noMRI groups) according to eight confounding covariates. Surgical outcomes were compared with non-parametric statistics after calculating odds ratios (ORs).

RESULTS: Among 1051 patients with IDC + DCIS, 510 were retained after matching (255 in each group): in comparison to the noMRI group, the MRI group had significantly higher rates of first-line mastectomy (13.3% vs 6.3%; OR 2.30, p = 0.011) and of overall mastectomy (14.5% vs 7.5%; OR 2.11, p = 0.016), without significantly lowering the reoperation rate (9.4% vs 10.6%, OR 0.88, p = 0.768). Among 2459 patients with pure IDC, 1638 were retained after matching (819 in each group): the first-line mastectomy rate was not significantly higher in the MRI group (12.9% vs 12.1% in the noMRI group; OR 1.08, p = 0.654). Instead, the reoperation rate was significantly lower (2.6% vs 7.9%; OR 3.28 for avoiding reoperation, p < 0.001) with no increase in overall mastectomies (13.6% vs 13.7%: OR 0.99, p = 1.000).

CONCLUSIONS: In patients with IDC + DCIS, preoperative MRI did not reduce reoperations and increased mastectomies. Conversely, in patients with pure IDC, preoperative MRI reduced reoperations without increasing mastectomies.

KEY POINTS: Question The impact of preoperative breast MRI on surgical outcomes of patients with IDC at needle biopsy is controversial and lacks large-scale investigations. Findings For pure IDC at needle biopsy, MRI reduced reoperations without increasing mastectomies; for IDC + DCIS, MRI did not reduce reoperations and increased mastectomies. Clinical relevance In patients with IDC at needle biopsy, the decision to perform preoperative breast MRI should take into account the presence of associated DCIS, as the benefits of MRI on surgical outcomes were observed only in patients with pure IDC.},
}

Adolescent
Adult
Aged
Aged, 80 and over
Female
Humans
Middle Aged
Young Adult
Biopsy, Needle
*Breast Neoplasms/surgery/pathology/diagnostic imaging
*Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/surgery/pathology/diagnostic imaging
*Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/pathology/surgery/diagnostic imaging
*Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods
Mastectomy/statistics & numerical data
Preoperative Care/methods
Prospective Studies
Treatment Outcome

@article {pmid40272667,
year = {2025},
author = {Switalla, KM and Falade, IO and Quirarte, A and Baxter, M and Kaur, M and Sakr, RA and Corso, G and Mukhtar, RA},
title = {Positive Margin Rates After Breast-Conserving Surgery by Histologic Subtype: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Evaluating the Impact of Oncoplastic Surgery.},
journal = {Annals of surgical oncology},
volume = {32},
number = {7},
pages = {4899-4909},
pmid = {40272667},
issn = {1534-4681},
support = {K08 CA256047/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States ; K08CA256047/RC/CCR NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Female ; Humans ; *Breast Neoplasms/surgery/pathology ; *Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/surgery/pathology ; *Carcinoma, Lobular/surgery/pathology ; *Mammaplasty ; *Margins of Excision ; *Mastectomy, Segmental ; Prognosis ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC), the second most common histologic subtype of breast cancer, has a higher risk of positive surgical margins than invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC). Whether this risk persists for patients undergoing breast-conserving surgery (BCS) with oncoplastic approaches remains unclear. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess positive margins following oncoplastic BCS by histologic subtype and evaluate the impact of oncoplastic surgery on positive margins in ILC.

METHODS: We systematically searched the literature for articles reporting positive margin rates after oncoplastic BCS in ILC patients. Relative risks (RR) were log transformed and displayed with forest plots.

RESULTS: Eight studies, encompassing 754 ILC patients undergoing BCS (338 with oncoplastic surgery), were included. The pooled positive margin rate for ILC patients undergoing oncoplastic surgery was 31% (95% confidence interval [CI] 21-40%). Patients with ILC had a significantly higher RR for positive margins after oncoplastic BCS compared with IDC (RR 3.4, 95% CI 1.5-7.4). However, for ILC patients with larger tumors, oncoplastic BCS was associated with a significantly lower RR for positive margins compared with standard BCS (RR 0.5, 95% CI 0.3-0.9).

CONCLUSIONS: Invasive lobular carcinoma patients undergoing oncoplastic BCS have higher positive margin risks than IDC patients, underscoring the need for improved preoperative imaging and systemic therapies. However, the addition of oncoplastic surgery to BCS reduces positive margin rates compared with standard BCS in ILC patients, particularly for larger tumors. These findings highlight the role of oncoplastic surgery as an important technique to optimize outcomes for those at high risk of positive margins.},
}

Female
Humans
*Breast Neoplasms/surgery/pathology
*Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/surgery/pathology
*Carcinoma, Lobular/surgery/pathology
*Mammaplasty
*Margins of Excision
*Mastectomy, Segmental
Prognosis

@article {pmid40277687,
year = {2025},
author = {Otake, H and Ogata, F and Nakazawa, Y and Misra, M and Tsubaki, M and Kawasaki, N and Nagai, N},
title = {Pharmacological Behavior of Propylene Glycol/Polyvinyl Alcohol Hydrogel Incorporating Indomethacin Nanocrystals in the Skin.},
journal = {Gels (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {11},
number = {4},
pages = {},
pmid = {40277687},
issn = {2310-2861},
support = {2024068087//Takeda Science Foundation Pharmaceutical Research Grants/ ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: We previously reported that carbopol hydrogels incorporating indomethacin nanoparticles (IMC NPs) improved the low permeability and bioavailability of skin formulations in transdermal drug delivery systems. However, the combination of NPs with other types of hydrogels has not been sufficiently explored to date. Therefore, this study investigated propylene glycol (PG)/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogel as an alternative base to carbopol hydrogel for incorporating IMC NPs.

METHODS: IMC NPs were prepared using bead milling treatment, and these NPs were incorporated into PG/PVA hydrogel (IMC-NP@PG/PVA hydrogel). The IMC concentration was measured using the HPLC method, and seven-week-old Wistar rats were used to evaluate skin absorption.

RESULTS: Bead milling reduced the IMC particle size in the PG/PVA hydrogels to the nanoscale (30-200 nm) without altering its crystalline form. The IMC-NP@PG/PVA hydrogel exhibited enhanced uniformity, solubility, and drug release compared to the IMC microparticle-loaded PG/PVA hydrogel (IMC-MP@PG/PVA hydrogel), with a 1.44-fold greater area under the concentration-time curve. Transdermal permeability studies revealed that IMC-NP@PG/PVA had 2.36-fold higher absorption than the IMC-MP@PG/PVA hydrogel, with dissolved IMC permeating the skin. Pharmacokinetics in the rats showed significantly increased plasma levels, absorption rates, and bioavailability for IMC-NP@PG/PVA, demonstrating its superior delivery efficiency. Moreover, the skin absorption of IMC-NP@PG/PVA was higher than that of carbopol hydrogel.

CONCLUSIONS: These findings highlight the potential of PG/PVA hydrogels as an effective base for transdermal drug delivery systems based on NPs.},
}

@article {pmid40291355,
year = {2024},
author = {Singh, P and Khandelwal, Y and Bharti, K and Singh, S},
title = {An Uncommon Breast Odyssey: A Rare Case of Carcinoma Breast with Mesenteric Metastasis.},
journal = {Indian journal of nuclear medicine : IJNM : the official journal of the Society of Nuclear Medicine, India},
volume = {39},
number = {6},
pages = {463-465},
pmid = {40291355},
issn = {0972-3919},
abstract = {We present an unusual case of invasive ductal breast carcinoma in a postmenopausal female with a clinically node-negative disease that was incidentally found to have mesenteric metastatic deposits on [18]F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography scan. Mesenteric metastasis from invasive breast carcinoma is rare, with <1% cases reported worldwide and limited availability of diagnostic and therapeutic protocols for carcinoma breast with mesenteric metastasis, this proved to be a challenging and intriguing case. To further accentuate the complexity, the primary tumor of this mesenteric metastasis was found to be invasive ductal carcinoma, which is even more infrequent, and <0.5% of cases have been reported till date.},
}

@article {pmid40292978,
year = {2025},
author = {Wang, H and Shi, J and Wang, Q and Dong, L and Liu, H},
title = {Surface Crack Detection of Aluminum Alloy Using Injected Direct Current-Magnetic Field Measurement Method.},
journal = {Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {25},
number = {6},
pages = {},
pmid = {40292978},
issn = {1424-8220},
support = {52065026//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 809B032101//Young Talent Fund Project of Joint Fund of the Ministry of Education for Equipment Pre-research/ ; },
abstract = {Injected Direct Current-Magnetic Field Measurement (IDC-MFM) is a promising nondestructive technique for crack evaluation of aluminum alloy due to its high sensitivity to defect states. Finite element simulation and experiment were introduced in this research to reveal the relationship between the magnetic field and the crack size. The finite element simulation showed that the magnetic field at the defect increased with the currents, and the peak-to-peak value of the tangential component magnetic field Bx (ΔBxpp) correlated with both the width and depth of the crack very well. The high-sensitivity tunnel magnetoresistance probe was used for crack detection of aluminum alloy specimens with different crack widths and depths, and the results show that the relationship between the ΔBxpp and the crack was consistent with the simulation results, and ΔBxpp has a nonlinear positive correlation with crack width and a linear positive correlation with crack depth. The results of the present work show that IDC-MFM has high sensitivity in crack size detection and is a feasible solution for the quantitative evaluation of cracks in aluminum alloy.},
}

@article {pmid40293750,
year = {2025},
author = {Raghavendra, AS and Bassett, R and Damodaran, S and Barcenas, CH and Mouabbi, JA and Layman, R and Tripathy, D},
title = {Clinical Characteristics and Survival Outcomes of Metastatic Invasive Lobular and Ductal Carcinoma.},
journal = {JAMA network open},
volume = {8},
number = {4},
pages = {e251888},
pmid = {40293750},
issn = {2574-3805},
support = {P30 CA016672/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; Middle Aged ; *Breast Neoplasms/mortality/pathology ; *Carcinoma, Lobular/mortality/pathology ; Adult ; *Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/mortality/pathology ; Aged ; Cohort Studies ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Retrospective Studies ; },
abstract = {IMPORTANCE: Comparing the clinical and molecular features of metastatic invasive lobular carcinoma (mILC) and metastatic invasive ductal carcinoma (mIDC) is essential to enhance understanding of breast cancer biology and improve personalized treatment approaches.

OBJECTIVE: To compare mILC and mIDC in terms of survival outcomes and to investigate the association of clinicopathologic characteristics with those outcomes.

This cohort study included adult patients at the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center with their first metastatic diagnosis occurring between January 1997 and December 2020. Patient records were obtained from an institutional database. The study follow-up concluded in July 2023, and data were analyzed from July to December 2024.

EXPOSURE: Diagnosis of mIDC and mILC.

MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and disease-free interval (DFI) were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Survival distributions were compared using the log-rank test. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression was used to assess the association of metastasis onset, estrogen receptor (ER) expression level, and tumor grade with OS and PFS.

RESULTS: The analysis included a total of 9714 patients (9628 women [99%]), 8535 with mIDC and 1179 with mILC. The median age at metastasis was 53.3 years (range, 17.6-62.0 years). Generally, patients with mILC were older and had lower nuclear grade tumors and fewer metastasis sites than patients with mIDC. Patients with mILC had longer PFS (median, 0.65 years; 95% CI, 0.58-0.74) than patients with mIDC (median, 0.46 years; 95% CI, 0.45-0.48) (hazard ratio [HR], 0.78; 95% CI, 0.73-0.84; P < .001). For OS, patients with mILC had longer OS (median, 3.06 years; 95% CI, 2.87-3.29) than patients with mIDC (median, 2.60 years; 95% CI, 2.52-2.67 years) (HR, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.84-0.98; P = .01). Overall, patients with mILC had longer DFI than patients with mIDC (HR, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.64-0.75; P < .001). At initial diagnosis, patients with mILC were less likely to present with visceral metastasis (522 patients [44.3%]) than patients with mIDC (4909 patients [57.5%]). A higher proportion of patients with mILC (931 patients [79.0%]) than patients with mIDC (5431 patients [63.6%]) had bone-only metastasis.

CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: In this cohort study, patients with mILC had longer OS and PFS than those with mIDC. Metastasis onset, ER positivity, and tumor grade were associated with survival outcomes, and distinct metastatic patterns of mIDC and mILC were also associated with survival for mIDC and mILC, which may help guide more personalized treatment strategies for each subtype.},
}

Humans
Female
Middle Aged
*Breast Neoplasms/mortality/pathology
*Carcinoma, Lobular/mortality/pathology
Adult
*Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/mortality/pathology
Aged
Cohort Studies
Neoplasm Metastasis
Retrospective Studies

@article {pmid40298601,
year = {2025},
author = {Kim, HJ and Choi, WJ and Eom, HJ and Chae, EY and Shin, HJ and Cha, JH and Kim, HH},
title = {Impact of Preoperative MRI on Survival Outcomes in Patients with HER2-positive and Hormone Receptor-negative Breast Cancer.},
journal = {Radiology},
volume = {315},
number = {1},
pages = {e242712},
doi = {10.1148/radiol.242712},
pmid = {40298601},
issn = {1527-1315},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; *Breast Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging/mortality/surgery/metabolism ; *Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Aged ; *Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases/metabolism ; Adult ; Aged, 80 and over ; Preoperative Care/methods ; Young Adult ; Breast/diagnostic imaging ; },
abstract = {Background Little is known regarding the impact of preoperative breast MRI on the long-term outcomes of patients with breast cancer that is human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) positive and hormone receptor negative. Purpose To evaluate the impact of preoperative breast MRI on recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) in patients with HER2-positive and hormone receptor-negative breast cancer by using propensity score matching. Materials and Methods This retrospective study included women diagnosed with HER2-positive and hormone receptor-negative invasive ductal carcinoma between January 2007 and December 2016. Patients who underwent preoperative MRI (the MRI group) were matched with those who did not (the no-MRI group) using propensity score matching based on 19 clinical-pathologic covariates. RFS and OS were compared using Kaplan-Meier estimates, Cox proportional hazards models, and inverse probability weighting. Results Among 1094 women (median age, 52 years; age range, 24-91 years), 47.81% (523 of 1094) underwent preoperative MRI. The rates of total recurrence and death were 14.3% (75 of 523) and 7.07% (37 of 523) in the MRI group, respectively, compared with 16.5% (94 of 571) and 13.1% (75 of 571) in the no-MRI group. In the propensity score-matched set, preoperative MRI was not associated with total recurrence (hazard ratio [HR], 0.69; 95% CI: 0.47, 1.02; P = .06), local-regional recurrence (HR, 0.94; 95% CI: 0.52, 1.70; P = .84), contralateral breast recurrence (HR, 0.55; 95% CI: 0.24, 1.25; P = .15), or distant recurrence (HR, 0.56; 95% CI: 0.31, 1.03; P = .06). OS was not higher with preoperative MRI (HR, 0.63; 95% CI: 0.39, 1.00; P = .05). At multivariable analysis, preoperative MRI was not associated with improved RFS (HR, 0.89; 95% CI: 0.67, 1.19; P = .44) or OS (HR, 0.73; 95% CI: 0.48, 1.10; P = .14). Conclusion Preoperative MRI did not improve RFS or OS in patients with HER2-positive and hormone receptor-negative breast cancer. © RSNA, 2025 Supplemental material is available for this article. See also the editorial by Imbriaco and Ponsiglione in this issue.},
}

Humans
Female
*Breast Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging/mortality/surgery/metabolism
*Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods
Middle Aged
Retrospective Studies
Aged
*Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases/metabolism
Adult
Aged, 80 and over
Preoperative Care/methods
Young Adult
Breast/diagnostic imaging

@article {pmid40299211,
year = {2025},
author = {Shan, Y and Hou, F and Wang, Y and Han, Y and Cui, Z and Yin, G},
title = {Cervical metastasis of breast cancer: a case report and review of the literature.},
journal = {Discover oncology},
volume = {16},
number = {1},
pages = {633},
pmid = {40299211},
issn = {2730-6011},
abstract = {Metastatic breast cancer (BC) to the cervix is relatively rare among women with BC. Although the most common histopathological type of BC is invasive ductal carcinoma, invasive lobular carcinoma is more likely to metastasize to the female reproductive system due to its characteristic of the loss of E-cadherin. BC patients with metastasis to the cervix often exhibit no obvious clinical symptoms or may present with cervical-related symptoms, making early diagnosis challenging. CDK4/6 inhibitors, when combined with either aromatase inhibitors or fulvestrant, can enhance the prognosis for both premenopausal and postmenopausal women with recurrent ER-positive BC. We reported a patient with cervical metastasis of BC, who was ER-positive and HER2-negative. The patient received treatment with fulvestrant and abemaciclib after surgery for metastatic cervical cancer, achieving a progression-free survival of 31 months. We hope this case report will encourage more clinicians to prioritize gynecological examinations for patients with BC, particularly cervical cancer screening, in order to enhance the quality of life and prognosis for these individuals.},
}

@article {pmid40302091,
year = {2025},
author = {Al-Naqqash, M and Kareem, TF and Al-Bairmany, Y and Al-Serarati, W and Alshewered, A},
title = {Survival Values of Iraqi Male Breast Cancer.},
journal = {Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP},
volume = {26},
number = {4},
pages = {1379-1384},
pmid = {40302091},
issn = {2476-762X},
mesh = {Humans ; *Breast Neoplasms, Male/mortality/pathology/therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Iraq/epidemiology ; Retrospective Studies ; Survival Rate ; Follow-Up Studies ; Adult ; Prognosis ; Aged ; Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases/metabolism ; *Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/pathology/mortality ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Male breast cancer (mBC) is a rare disease, accounting for approximately 1% of all breast cancers. In Iraq, the mBC rate was 0.39% for all cancer types by 2022. This study aimed to estimate the survival rates and features of mBC in Iraq.

METHODS: This was a retrospective survival study. Males with BC were treated between March 2020 and March 2024 at the Department of Radiation Oncology and Department of Medical Oncology. The following data were collected from the records: age, marital status, family history, body mass index, surgery type, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, hormonal therapy, recurrence and/or metastasis, period of follow-up, histological type, tumor size, tumor grade, tumor stage, estrogen and/or progesterone receptor expression, HER2 neu status, metastasis site, BC side, and lymph node positivity.

RESULTS: The mean age of the patients was (54.75 ±12.25). The majority (95.7%) of the patients were married, and only (17.4%) of patients presented with a positive family history. Most patients underwent surgery (21, 91.3%), chemotherapy (19, 86.4%), radiotherapy (13, 59.1%), and hormonal therapy (15, 68.2%). The mean follow-up was (30.73 ± 24.55) months. The majority (16, 88.9%) of the patients presented with positive PR and ER, and most (11, 64.7%) presented with negative HER-2. The lungs, bones, surgical beds, and multiple sites represented metastasis.

CONCLUSION: The mean age of Iraqi male breast cancer patients was in the upper middle age. Most patients presented with T2 N0 stage, ER/PR positivity, and Her2neu negative. Grade II right invasive ductal carcinoma was reported in half of the men. The median follow-up period was 30 months. Disease free survival (DFS) after full treatment was 75 months.},
}

Humans
*Breast Neoplasms, Male/mortality/pathology/therapy
Male
Middle Aged
Iraq/epidemiology
Retrospective Studies
Survival Rate
Follow-Up Studies
Adult
Prognosis
Aged
Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases/metabolism
*Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/pathology/mortality

@article {pmid40307530,
year = {2026},
author = {Carletti, F and Maggi, M and Fazekas, T and Rajwa, P and Nicoletti, R and Olivier, J and Preisser, F and Soeterik, TFW and Giganti, F and Martini, A and Heidegger, I and Kasivisvanathan, V and Pradère, B and Ploussard, G and Hadaschik, B and Moro, FD and van den Bergh, RCN and Marra, G and Gandaglia, G and Zattoni, F and Kesch, C and , },
title = {Diagnostic accuracy of multiparametric MRI for detecting unconventional prostate cancer histology: a systematic review and meta-analysis.},
journal = {European radiology},
volume = {36},
number = {1},
pages = {17-29},
pmid = {40307530},
issn = {1432-1084},
mesh = {Humans ; *Prostatic Neoplasms/pathology/diagnostic imaging ; Male ; *Multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Accurate detection of unconventional histologies (UH) in prostate cancer (PCa) is crucial for treatment planning and prognosis. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the accuracy of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) in detecting UH on prostatectomy, particularly cribriform architecture (CA) and intraductal carcinoma (IDC-P), in patients with localized PCa.

METHODS: A literature search was conducted in major databases for studies published after 2000. Seventeen articles fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were eligible for qualitative analysis. Five studies met the inclusion criteria for meta-analysis.

RESULTS: The pooled sensitivity and specificity of mpMRI (Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) cutoff 3) to detect cribriform architecture were 0.91 and 0.29. The proportion of cribriform lesions increased with higher PI-RADS scores (23.2% for PI-RADS 1-2 to 66.7% for PI-RADS 5). For intraductal carcinoma (IDC-P), two studies found that IDC-P lesions were visible on mpMRI and had lower apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values compared to acinar prostate cancer. Four studies evaluating combined CA/IDC-P found sensitivities ranging from 33 to 100%. Lower ADC values were associated with CA/IDC-P in some studies, but not in others. Overall, mpMRI demonstrated promising sensitivity but moderate specificity in detecting these aggressive histological variants, with continued challenges in accurate sampling and characterization of mpMRI.

CONCLUSIONS: mpMRI shows high sensitivity but moderate specificity in detecting cribriform architecture in PCa, especially for high PI-RADS scores. These findings support the use of mpMRI for UH detection, but caution is advised in clinical interpretation. Larger prospective studies are needed to validate these results before routine clinical application. We studied how effective MRI is at identifying different UH of PCa, such as cribriform architecture and intraductal carcinoma. MRI is accurate at detecting these cancers when they are present, but it also produces a significant number of false positives. More research is needed to standardize imaging protocols and histological definition and ensure an accurate diagnosis.

KEY POINTS: Question The accurate detection of unconventional histologies in prostate cancer, particularly cribriform architecture and intraductal carcinoma, is challenging but crucial for treatment planning and prognosis. Findings mpMRI shows high sensitivity (91%) but low specificity (29%) for detecting cribriform architecture, with detection rates increasing proportionally with higher PI-RADS scores. Clinical relevance mpMRI can effectively detect aggressive unconventional histologies in prostate cancer, though its moderate specificity suggests the need for careful interpretation. This aids in risk stratification and treatment planning, potentially improving patient outcomes.},
}

Humans
*Prostatic Neoplasms/pathology/diagnostic imaging
Male
*Multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods
Sensitivity and Specificity

@article {pmid40308712,
year = {2025},
author = {Canzani, F and Alquati, S and Bordin, F and Barillaro, C and De Angelis, M and Di Silvestre, G and Dispenza, S and Gobber, G and Magnani, C and Manno, P and Cosci, F and Tanzi, S},
title = {Translation and Cross-Cultural Adaptation of the Instrument for the Diagnosis of the Complexity of Palliative Care Needs.},
journal = {Palliative medicine reports},
volume = {6},
number = {1},
pages = {187-195},
pmid = {40308712},
issn = {2689-2820},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: In recent years, the palliative care (PC) paradigm is evolving from a prognosis-based approach to one centered on complexity, also in response to the aging population and the increase in chronic diseases. It is therefore necessary to strengthen PC networks with effective management of the specialist resources available. The use of tools such as the spanish Diagnostic Instrument for Complexity in Palliative Care (IDC-Pal) can help evaluate the complexity of PC needs, thus guiding the clinical care response. The aims of this study were the translation and the cultural adaptation of the IDC-Pal tool to the Italian language.

METHODS: The methodology proposed by Beaton et al. and Sousa et al. was used for the translation and cultural adaptation of the IDC-Pal tool. Phase 1: a forward-backward translation with linguistic and cultural adaptation of the tool by two native Spanish translators and two native Italian translators, including two PC professionals and two nonprofessionals, was performed. Phase 2: the translation was evaluated by a panel of 12 Italian PC experts, who assessed the comprehensibility of the translated instrument, and proposed changes to the text, which was found to be incomprehensible to at least 20% of them. Phase 3: this version of the tool was proposed to a sample of the Italian target population (93 professionals including general practitioners, nurses, and hospital doctors at 9 Italian PC networks tested it on 168 patients in home and hospital settings), to evaluate its comprehensibility and usability. At the end of the experimental phase, a semi-structured interview was organized with the main researcher of each network, with the aim of receiving information about the comprehensibility of the tool. Finally, a definitive version was developed.

RESULTS: The translation and adaptation were achieved without major problems.

CONCLUSIONS: A conceptually, culturally, and linguistically equivalent italian version of the original IDC-Pal was obtained.},
}

@article {pmid40313479,
year = {2025},
author = {Fukada, R and Murakami, A and Wada, T and Inari, H and Yoshida, T},
title = {Epithelioid Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor of the Breast with Breast Cancer in the Contralateral Breast: A Case Report.},
journal = {Case reports in oncology},
volume = {18},
number = {1},
pages = {531-538},
pmid = {40313479},
issn = {1662-6575},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs) are common in the peripheral nerves of the head, neck, and limbs, with few reports of their occurrence in the breasts, and the epithelioid type is rare. Here, we aimed to report a case of an epithelioid MPNST of the breast.

CASE PRESENTATION: A 76-year-old woman presented with bilateral breast masses. Pathological findings showed a 60-mm invasive ductal carcinoma (T3N0M0 stage IIB) on the right breast and an epithelioid MPNST on the left breast. After surgical resection, the patient was treated with endocrine therapy alone for right breast cancer, and no recurrence was observed 4 years after surgery.

CONCLUSION: Reports of MPNSTs in the breasts are rare. The pathological analysis showed atypia of spindle cells, positive staining for vimentin, S100, SOX10, and epithelial-like cells, and positive staining for cytokeratin AE1/AE3. H3K27me3 is reportedly absent in typical MPNSTs; however, it is expressed in epithelioid types. It sometimes occurs in patients with a germline mutation in SMARCB1/INI1, where INI1 is absent in tumor cells. In this case, the tumor cells expressed H3K27me3 and also maintained INI1.},
}

@article {pmid40314623,
year = {2025},
author = {Poppe, MM and Boucher, K and Gaffney, DK and Brownson, KE and Smith, G and Howell, JN and Ticona, FF and Kim, J and Burt, L and Cannon, D and Kokeny, K},
title = {NOVEMBER, A Phase 2 Trial of a 9-Day Course of Whole Breast Radiation Therapy With a Simultaneous Lumpectomy Boost for Early-Stage Breast Cancer.},
journal = {International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics},
volume = {123},
number = {1},
pages = {141-149},
doi = {10.1016/j.ijrobp.2025.03.078},
pmid = {40314623},
issn = {1879-355X},
mesh = {Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; *Breast Neoplasms/radiotherapy/pathology/surgery ; *Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/radiotherapy/pathology/surgery ; Dose Fractionation, Radiation ; *Mastectomy, Segmental/methods ; Neoplasm Staging ; Patient Satisfaction ; Prospective Studies ; },
abstract = {PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES: A phase 2 prospective noninferiority trial evaluating a novel 9 fraction course of whole breast radiation and simultaneous lumpectomy boost.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Tis and T1-3N0 patients enrolled to receive 3420 cGy radiation to the breast with 3960 cGy to the lumpectomy cavity. The primary endpoint was averaged photographic cosmetic scores at 24 months with a hypothesis of >70% good to excellent cosmetic breast scoring 24 months after completing radiation, assuming a baseline excellent/good cosmetic scoring of 80% with an 80% power, α = 0.1.

RESULTS: From 2018 to 2020, with institutional review board approval, 103 patients were enrolled. Patients had mostly invasive ductal carcinoma (75%), tumor size ≤ 2cm (88%), negative margins (92%), no lympho-vascular invasion (80%), and estrogen receptor positive (85%). Patients had a mean age of 59.5 years (33-82). With a mean follow-up of 51 months, there were no local recurrences and 1 patient with both regional (axilla) and distant (brain) recurrence. Twenty-four-month post-radiation therapy (RT) cosmetic photos were 68% excellent/good, and 32% fair/poor. The null hypothesis was not rejected with one-sided 95% exact binomial confidence interval of 59.1% (59.1%-100%). There were no reported late ≥grade 3 radiation toxicity events and only 4 patients with late grade 2 events. Patient-reported outcomes utilizing the Breast-Q survey revealed breast satisfaction in 85% of women.

CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrate an effective novel 9 fraction whole breast + lumpectomy boost radiation schedule. This trial uses one of the shortest published radiation schedules for a lumpectomy boost. Although we did not meet our prespecified cosmetic endpoint, no significant cosmetic change from baseline was seen in 80% of patients. We demonstrate excellent local control, and patient-reported satisfaction with low RT-related toxicity. We hope to move this concept forward in a randomized trial against the 5-day United Kingdom (UK) Fast Forward regimen, inclusive of a simultaneous lumpectomy cavity boost.},
}

Adult
Aged
Aged, 80 and over
Female
Humans
Middle Aged
*Breast Neoplasms/radiotherapy/pathology/surgery
*Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/radiotherapy/pathology/surgery
Dose Fractionation, Radiation
*Mastectomy, Segmental/methods
Neoplasm Staging
Patient Satisfaction
Prospective Studies

@article {pmid40314919,
year = {2025},
author = {Takano, Y and Mizuno, K and Iwase, M and Morita, S and Torii, N and Kikumori, T and Ando, Y},
title = {Tumor mutational burden status and clinical characteristics of invasive lobular carcinoma of the breast.},
journal = {Breast cancer (Tokyo, Japan)},
volume = {32},
number = {4},
pages = {816-825},
pmid = {40314919},
issn = {1880-4233},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; *Breast Neoplasms/genetics/pathology/mortality ; Middle Aged ; *Carcinoma, Lobular/genetics/pathology ; *Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics ; Mutation ; *Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/genetics/pathology ; Aged ; Adult ; Tumor Burden/genetics ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: High tumor mutational burden (TMB-H) is an established biomarker for a favorable response to immune checkpoint inhibitors. However, tumor mutational burden (TMB) in invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) and invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) has not been sufficiently investigated.

METHODS: We collected data of patients with ILC or IDC from the Center for Cancer Genomics and Advanced Therapeutics database between June 2019 and August 2023. Furthermore, we examined the clinicopathological factors and TMB status.

RESULTS: Patients with ILC (n = 170) had a median TMB score of 4.00 mut/Mb (interquartile range, 2.00-7.14 mut/Mb), whereas those with IDC (n = 2598) had a score of 3.90 mut/Mb (2.00-6.00 mut/Mb). TMB-H was more common in patients with ILC than in those with IDC (18.2% vs. 10.1%, P < 0.001), particularly in the ER+ /HER2- subtype. Multivariate analysis revealed that the pathological diagnosis of ILC (P = 0.006), tissue samples collected from metastatic sites (P < 0.001), and older age (50 years, P < 0.001) were independent factors for TMB-H.

CONCLUSIONS: Patients with ILC were more likely to have TMB-H than those with IDC. The findings of this study would be invaluable in selecting treatment strategies for patients with ILC.},
}

Humans
Female
*Breast Neoplasms/genetics/pathology/mortality
Middle Aged
*Carcinoma, Lobular/genetics/pathology
*Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
Mutation
*Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/genetics/pathology
Aged
Adult
Tumor Burden/genetics
Prognosis
Retrospective Studies

@article {pmid40325205,
year = {2025},
author = {Bhagwat, A and Dutta, S and Saha, D and Reddy, MJB},
title = {An online 11 kv distribution system insulator defect detection approach with modified YOLOv11 and mobileNetV3.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {15691},
pmid = {40325205},
issn = {2045-2322},
abstract = {With the advent of smart distribution grids, detection of defects in insulators with unmanned aerial vehicles as a part of distribution automation system (DAS) has attained a widespread attention. The defects are essential to detect to avoid damaging the service life of distribution lines, serious power loss and cascading power outages in extreme conditions. The intricate background, limited image dataset and small-scale object makes the problem of detection more complex. Owing to the exponential advancement in deep learning, deep learning-based insulator defect detection is gradually attaining a foothold in the research domain. This paper presents a novel approach for detecting insulator defects in an 11 kV distribution system using a modified version of You Only Look Once (YOLO V11) and the MobileNetV3 model. Data augmentation was applied as part of the preprocessing phase to train the proposed model. The model's performance was compared with earlier versions of YOLO and other existing methods to demonstrate its effectiveness. Additionally, multiple case studies were conducted to validate the method's robustness and reliability for insulator defect detection. This paper incorporates a modified version of YOLOv11 architecture using the constituent C3K2, SPFF and C2PSA algorithmic blocks, mounted with a MobileNetV3 classifier to allow lightweight framework in DAS based devices. Studies involving various real-life scenarios show the efficacy and applicability of the proposed algorithmic pipeline.},
}

@article {pmid40332647,
year = {2025},
author = {Azizi, A and Mansouri, N and Faridi, B and Ramezani, M},
title = {Male breast cancer: common biomarkers, clinicopathology, and outcomes in the west of Iran.},
journal = {Journal of the Egyptian National Cancer Institute},
volume = {37},
number = {1},
pages = {35},
pmid = {40332647},
issn = {2589-0409},
mesh = {Humans ; *Breast Neoplasms, Male/pathology/therapy/mortality/epidemiology/diagnosis/metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Iran/epidemiology ; *Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Adult ; Retrospective Studies ; Aged ; Neoplasm Staging ; Prognosis ; *Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology/therapy/epidemiology/mortality ; Survival Rate ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Male breast cancer is a rare disease that accounts for less than 1% of all cancers in men and less than 1% of all diagnosed breast cancers. We retrospectively evaluated clinicopathologic features, treatment options, and overall survival in male breast cancer cases over 10 years (2012-2021).

METHODS: In this descriptive-cross-sectional study, the men with a breast cancer patient information based on demographic characteristics, type of surgery performed, pathological characteristics of samples (including the type of tumor involving lymph nodes and its grade), distant metastasis, immunohistochemical markers as well as family history of cancer, number of chemotherapy and radiotherapy sessions, use of anabolic drugs, and patient survival after surgery were recorded in the designed checklist.

RESULTS: The results showed that the mean age of men with breast cancer was 56.14 ± 14.59. Invasive ductal carcinoma was diagnosed in 86.3% of patients. In addition, metastasis occurred in 23.5% of patients, and most metastases occurred in the liver and then in the bone marrow, respectively. The highest frequency was related to stage IIB, with a frequency of 29.4%. The overall survival rate of 1, 3, and 5 years for 51 cases was 96%, 91%, and 65%, respectively, with an average survival period of 96 months. There was a significant relationship between age, metastasis, and disease stage with the survival status of patients (P = 0.03).

CONCLUSIONS: In the present study, old age, higher stage, and metastasis in male breast cancer were associated with unfavorable survival.},
}

Humans
*Breast Neoplasms, Male/pathology/therapy/mortality/epidemiology/diagnosis/metabolism
Male
Middle Aged
Iran/epidemiology
*Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
Cross-Sectional Studies
Adult
Retrospective Studies
Aged
Neoplasm Staging
Prognosis
*Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology/therapy/epidemiology/mortality
Survival Rate

@article {pmid40332918,
year = {2025},
author = {Basik, M and Cecchini, RS and De Los Santos, JF and Umphrey, HR and Julian, TB and Mamounas, EP and White, JR and Lucas, PC and Balanoff, CR and Tan, AR and Weber, JJ and Edmonson, DA and Brown-Glaberman, UA and Diego, EJ and Teshome, M and Matsen, CB and Seaward, SA and Wapnir, IL and Wagner, JL and Tjoe, JA and Thompson, AM and Wolmark, N},
title = {Breast Tumor-Bed Biopsy for Pathological Complete Response Prediction: The NRG-BR005 Nonrandomized Clinical Trial.},
journal = {JAMA surgery},
volume = {160},
number = {7},
pages = {723-731},
pmid = {40332918},
issn = {2168-6262},
support = {U10 CA180822/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States ; U10 CA180868/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States ; U24 CA196067/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Biopsy, Large-Core Needle ; *Breast/pathology ; *Breast Neoplasms/pathology/therapy/diagnostic imaging ; *Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology/therapy ; *Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/pathology ; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant ; Mammography ; Neoadjuvant Therapy ; Prospective Studies ; Pathologic Complete Response ; },
abstract = {IMPORTANCE: Use of modern neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) regimens has markedly increased rates of pathologic complete response (pCR) in breast cancer, raising the question of whether surgical removal of the primary tumor is required for patients with pCR. For surgery to be omitted, one must be able to accurately predict pCR before surgery.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate if adding post-NAC core needle biopsy of the tumor bed to trimodality imaging in patients who have clinical complete response (cCR) will predict pCR (resolution of both invasive disease and ductal carcinoma in situ) in 90% or more cases.

This was a phase 2, prospective, nonrandomized clinical trial. Patients were enrolled from August 2017 to June 2019. This is the final analysis, which was completed in December 2023. The setting included academic and community hospital center members of NRG (ie, the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project, the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group, and the Gynecologic Oncology Group) in the US and Canada. Patients with operable (T1-T3, stage I-III) invasive ductal carcinoma who completed NAC and achieved cCR and radiological complete response (rCR) or near rCR by mammography (mass ≤1 cm and no malignant microcalcifications), ultrasound (mass ≤2 cm), and magnetic resonance imaging (no mass with rapid rise or washout kinetics).

INTERVENTIONS: Patients underwent marker-directed stereotactic multiple-core needle biopsy of the tumor bed with marker placement before breast-conservation surgery.

MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: End points were negative predictive value (NPV) and sensitivity of the biopsy.

RESULTS: A total of 105 patients were enrolled with 101 evaluable (mean [SD] age, 52.8 [10.5] years); 77 patients (76.2%) were younger than 60 years, and all breast cancer subtypes were represented with 32 (31.7%) triple-negative breast cancer, 21 (20.8%) hormone receptor-positive/epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (ERBB2; formerly HER2)-negative (ERBB2-) breast cancer, and 46 (45.5%) ERBB2-positive (ERBB2+) breast cancer. In 101 evaluable patients, 36 had residual disease at surgery (pCR = 64%). With imaging criteria, NPV of the biopsy was 78.3% (95% CI, 67.9%-86.6%), and the sensitivity of the biopsy was 50% (95% CI, 32.9%-67.1%). In an exploratory subset analysis, the NPV in patients with ERBB2+ breast cancer was 90% (95% CI, 76.3%-97.2%). On retrospective central review, 62 of 101 enrolled patients met imaging eligibility criteria. In this exploratory post hoc analysis, NPV in these patients was 86.8% (95% CI, 74.7%-94.5%).

CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: These findings do not support breast conservation treatment without surgery based on the study criteria for cCR and rCR/near rCR by trimodality imaging and negative tumor-bed biopsy. Strict adherence to imaging criteria may be required to achieve acceptable predictive values.

TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03188393.},
}

Adult
Aged
Female
Humans
Middle Aged
Biopsy, Large-Core Needle
*Breast/pathology
*Breast Neoplasms/pathology/therapy/diagnostic imaging
*Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology/therapy
*Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/pathology
Chemotherapy, Adjuvant
Mammography
Neoadjuvant Therapy
Prospective Studies
Pathologic Complete Response

@article {pmid40337051,
year = {2025},
author = {Pai, S and Murthy, SV},
title = {Molecular Subtypes and Ki-67 index in Breast Carcinoma with Special Emphasis on Triple Negative Breast Cancer. A 3-year Study in a Tertiary Care Center.},
journal = {Indian journal of surgical oncology},
volume = {16},
number = {2},
pages = {478-490},
pmid = {40337051},
issn = {0975-7651},
abstract = {PURPOSE: Molecular subtyping of breast carcinoma and Ki-67 index has gained prominence in the recent past, as conventional factors such as surgical margins, tumor size, grade and lymph node involvement, are not sufficient to assess prognosis and make better therapeutic decisions. These subtypes include Luminal A, Luminal B, Triple Negative breast cancer (TNBC), and HER2-enriched subtypes. This study aimed to analyze the molecular subtypes and Ki-67 index in prognosis of breast carcinoma.

METHOD: This retrospective study was conducted in the department of Pathology in a tertiary care center over a period of 3 years. All invasive breast carcinomas (IDC) which were molecularly subtyped and Ki-67 indexed were included in the study. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS software.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Out of 253 cases, 231 cases (91.3%) were IDC-NST and 22 cases (8.7%) were special types. Metaplastic and papillary tumors were associated with higher grade and high Ki-67 value. TNBC (35.2%) showing a majority of high-grade tumors, was the most prevalent subtype followed by Luminal A (32%) showing low grade, unlike other studies which showed luminal A to be most common subtype. The rare PR positive subtype was also observed in our study.

CONCLUSION: TNBC and HER 2-positive subtypes exhibited bad prognosis with higher histological grade, high Ki-67 index and higher age at presentation whereas Luminal A subtype, with lower grade and low Ki-67 index showed better prognosis. Thus, this vast array of predictive and prognostic information obtained by molecular subtyping will help clinicians in not only distinguishing between low-risk and high-risk subtypes but also in customization of the treatment and follow-up of the patients.},
}

@article {pmid40337059,
year = {2025},
author = {Kumar, N and Gera, K and Patel, P and Lakhera, KK and Singh, S and Gurjar, B and Kumar, A and Singhal, P and Gora, B and Sharma, RG},
title = {From Statistics to Stories: Unveiling the Epidemiology of Breast Carcinoma in Northwestern India.},
journal = {Indian journal of surgical oncology},
volume = {16},
number = {2},
pages = {543-549},
pmid = {40337059},
issn = {0975-7651},
abstract = {After receiving the pathology report for breast cancer, the first question most patients ask their doctor is about their journey ahead. The type of cancer and how it spreads can give us an idea of what to expect during follow-up. Unfortunately, there is a lack of reporting, management, and documentation of breast cancer cases in India, resulting in a shortage of information on the different types of breast cancer. To address this issue, a study was conducted to gain a better understanding of the pattern of breast carcinoma in Northwestern India. A total of 2619 breast cancer pathology reports were gathered from four major diagnostic centres in Northwest India. Out of all breast cancer patients, 97.74% (2560) were women, while men accounted for only 2.25% (59) of the sample. At the time of diagnosis, 72% of patients were in stages III and IV, while only 28% of patients were in the early stages of cancer (stages I and II). The most common type of breast cancer was infiltrating duct carcinoma (IDC), which constituted 80.71% (2114/2619) of all malignant lesions. infiltrating lobular carcinoma was the second most common pathology, accounting for 5.38% (141/2619) of all cases. The rarer pathologies had a presentation rate below 10%. Our study revealed the most common symptom as a painless lump. Significant majority presented in advanced stages. An alarming 20% presented with foul-smelling ulceration or fungation of the skin. Varied presentations of breast cancer subtypes were evident. As the age-old saying goes-the 'most common' is often ignored as a large portion of the researcher's attention is focused on 'rarer stuff'. Similarly, IDC being the commonest deserves most of our attention. Not just the histology but its grades too. The lack of awareness regarding the risk factors and early detection methods of breast cancer is unfortunately even prevalent in 49% of healthcare workers. What India needs are more data reporting, timely diagnostic strategies, standardized reporting for pathology, and guideline-based management strategies. Increasing data collection electronically in the coming years will help India in displaying more data.},
}

@article {pmid40337425,
year = {2025},
author = {Mohamed, NMI and Yousif, AME},
title = {The yield of axillary clearance in breast cancer in Khartoum locality -Sudan: a cross-sectional study.},
journal = {Annals of medicine and surgery (2012)},
volume = {87},
number = {5},
pages = {2589-2601},
pmid = {40337425},
issn = {2049-0801},
abstract = {OBJECTIVES: Axillary clearance is an established part of the management of breast cancer. The aim of this study was to determine the number of retrieved lymph nodes (LNs) after axillary clearance surgery.

METHODS: Over a 2-year period (January 2020-December 2022), data from 96 patients, who underwent axillary clearance surgery in Khartoum locality, were collected. Multivariate analysis was used to assess the yield of axillary clearance.

RESULTS: The mean of total number of retrieved LNs was 12.8, the mean of positive LNs was 2.6. There was statistical correlation between the total number of retrieved LNs and total number of positive LNs (P = 0.000). 53.1% of patients had stage II breast cancer, with 91% of them having invasive ductal carcinoma. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy decreased the total number of retrieved LNs (P = 0.001). No statistically significant correlation was found between previous axillary surgery and the number of the retrieved LNs (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS: There were enough axillary LNs for histological studies; the total number of positive LNs increased with the increase in total number of retrieved LNs. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy reduced the yield of axillary clearance.},
}

@article {pmid40340873,
year = {2025},
author = {Gao, Y and Ali, H and Hu, Z and Sun, H},
title = {Sarcoid-like Reaction in Breast Cancer Tumor Bed and Axillary Lymph Nodes Following Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy: A Case Report.},
journal = {Annals of clinical and laboratory science},
volume = {55},
number = {2},
pages = {281-285},
pmid = {40340873},
issn = {1550-8080},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; *Breast Neoplasms/pathology/drug therapy/surgery ; *Neoadjuvant Therapy/adverse effects ; *Lymph Nodes/pathology ; Axilla/pathology ; Middle Aged ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; *Sarcoidosis/pathology ; *Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/drug therapy/pathology ; },
abstract = {Although granulomatous change is not commonly seen in breast cancer tumor bed and/or lymph node after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NCT), they may mimic lymph node metastasis or tumor progression or recurrence. We present a case of diffuse sarcoid-like reaction (SLR) developed in both the breast tumor bed and axillary lymph nodes after NCT. A postmenopausal Hispanic woman presented with a 11.4 cm left breast mass with swollen lymph nodes in her left axilla. A core biopsy of the breast mass was performed, leading to the diagnosis of grade 3 invasive ductal carcinoma. The tumor is negative for estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and human epidermal growth factor receoptor-2 overexpression. The patient received NCT with three cycles of doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide, followed by weekly paclitaxel for 12 weeks. After NCT, the tumor in her left breast significantly reduced in size, but the lymph nodes remained swollen. She subsequently underwent left modified radical mastectomy. Histological examination of the treated tumor bed revealed residual invasive tumor with frequent non-caseating granulomatous change. The granulomatous reaction was also seen in several axillary lymph nodes, of which only one had residual metastatic tumor cells. Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis, sarcoidosis, and infective etiologies were excluded based on the patient's medical history, imaging, and histological findings. We report a case of localized SLR in response to NCT in breast cancer tumor bed and axillary lymph nodes. Recognizing this feature is important to avoid misdiagnosis and overtreatment of SLR as residual cancer.},
}

Humans
Female
*Breast Neoplasms/pathology/drug therapy/surgery
*Neoadjuvant Therapy/adverse effects
*Lymph Nodes/pathology
Axilla/pathology
Middle Aged
Lymphatic Metastasis
*Sarcoidosis/pathology
*Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/drug therapy/pathology

@article {pmid40341568,
year = {2025},
author = {Lossos, C and Sanchez, S and Nonogaki, H and Gabrielson, E and Cimino-Mathews, A and Maleki, Z},
title = {Assessment of Estrogen Receptor, Progesterone Receptor, and Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 on Cell Blocks and Core Needle Biopsies in Metastatic Breast Cancer: A Real-World Experience.},
journal = {Acta cytologica},
volume = {69},
number = {4},
pages = {367-376},
doi = {10.1159/000546274},
pmid = {40341568},
issn = {1938-2650},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; *Breast Neoplasms/pathology/metabolism ; *Receptors, Progesterone/analysis/metabolism ; *Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases/analysis/metabolism ; *Receptors, Estrogen/analysis/metabolism ; Biopsy, Large-Core Needle ; Middle Aged ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; *Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis ; Immunohistochemistry ; Young Adult ; Biopsy, Fine-Needle ; Retrospective Studies ; },
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: The status of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) plays a crucial role in the management of patients with metastatic breast cancer. Herein we report our experience on ER, PR, and HER2 immunostains on cell block and core needle biopsy (CNB) specimens of metastatic breast cancers.

METHODS: Cytological samples of metastatic breast cancer with associated cell blocks or core needle biopsies were identified, on which ER, PR, or HER2 were ordered from 2019 to 2021. Both fine needle aspiration specimens and body effusion fluids were included. Patients' demographics, cancer histological subtype, biopsy site, specimen type (cell block or CNB) for immunohistochemistry and ER, PR, and HER2 expression were recorded.

RESULTS: 192 specimens from 177 patients were identified. Patients' mean age was 58.5 years (range 24-96). The majority of samples were obtained from patients with invasive ductal carcinoma. Staining was performed on core biopsies (n = 74/192, 38.5%) and on cell blocks (n = 118/192, 61.5%). Pleural fluid (n = 75) was the most commonly sampled site, followed by the liver (n = 48) and lymph nodes (n = 44). ER, PR, and HER2 were positive in 76.3%, 79.3%, and 13.2% of samples, respectively. Concordantly, ER+PR+HER2- was the most common sample phenotype. Seven samples had insufficient tissue to evaluate ER, PR, or HER2 status.

CONCLUSION: ER, PR, and HER2 immunohistochemical staining can be performed on cell block or CNB specimens of metastatic breast cancer and can provide reliable information to clinicians for optimal patient care.},
}

Humans
Female
*Breast Neoplasms/pathology/metabolism
*Receptors, Progesterone/analysis/metabolism
*Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases/analysis/metabolism
*Receptors, Estrogen/analysis/metabolism
Biopsy, Large-Core Needle
Middle Aged
Adult
Aged
Aged, 80 and over
*Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis
Immunohistochemistry
Young Adult
Biopsy, Fine-Needle
Retrospective Studies

@article {pmid40350661,
year = {2025},
author = {Farzan, JJ and Guart, JA and Kulkarni, N and Roberts, S and De la Cruz-Ku, G and Czerniach, DR and Dinh, KH},
title = {Managing Necrotizing Soft-Tissue Infection in Breast Cancer: A Case of Emergency Toilet Mastectomy.},
journal = {The American journal of case reports},
volume = {26},
number = {},
pages = {e946669},
pmid = {40350661},
issn = {1941-5923},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; *Breast Neoplasms/surgery/complications/pathology ; Aged ; *Mastectomy/methods ; *Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/surgery/complications ; *Soft Tissue Infections/surgery/etiology ; Debridement ; Necrosis ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND This case report presents a rare instance of advanced breast cancer presenting with superimposed necrotizing soft-tissue infection (NSTI) and sepsis, uniquely managed with an emergency toilet mastectomy. Toilet mastectomies have become increasingly rare and controversial in modern surgical oncology and are generally limited to palliative indications. This report contributes to the limited literature on NSTI of the breast in the setting of malignancy and highlights the potential utility of toilet mastectomy as a palliative option for carefully selected patients with advanced breast cancer complicated by infection. CASE REPORT A 71-year-old woman presented with a large fungating right breast mass after 50 years of receiving no health care. She was septic, with clinical signs of NSTI. Emergency surgical intervention involved a toilet mastectomy with extensive debridement. Histopathological analysis confirmed high-grade invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast with skin involvement, ER/PR-positive, HER2-negative, pT4bN0Mx. Cultures were consistent with type 1 NSTI. The postoperative course was complicated, requiring prolonged ICU care, multiple debridements, and advanced wound management. Significant complications included septic shock, acute kidney injury, and wound dehiscence. CONCLUSIONS This case is notable for 3 key aspects: (1) NSTI and sepsis are rare but serious complications of advanced breast cancer, underscoring the need for clinicians to maintain a high index of suspicion for this condition; (2) timely and aggressive management of NSTI, regardless of its association with underlying malignancy, is critical for reducing morbidity and mortality; and (3) toilet mastectomy, although less commonly performed today, remains an appropriate palliative intervention in select cases.},
}

Humans
Female
*Breast Neoplasms/surgery/complications/pathology
Aged
*Mastectomy/methods
*Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/surgery/complications
*Soft Tissue Infections/surgery/etiology
Debridement
Necrosis

@article {pmid40352795,
year = {2025},
author = {Lee, SR and Lee, JH and Kang, HJ},
title = {Tumors arising from an axillary accessory breast: a 10-year retrospective cohort study at a single center.},
journal = {Annals of surgical treatment and research},
volume = {108},
number = {5},
pages = {302-309},
pmid = {40352795},
issn = {2288-6575},
abstract = {PURPOSE: Pathologic lesions may occur in an axillary accessory breast (AAB). This study aimed to evaluate the characteristics of tumors arising from AABs and to recommend appropriate treatment.

METHODS: This retrospective study involved 3,544 women (18-65 years old) with AAB at Damsoyu Hospital in Korea from 2014 to 2023. The patients were divided into an AAB with benign tumors (TAAB) group and an AAB without tumors (AAB) group, and the tumors' pathologies were reviewed. A core biopsy was performed on tumors with possible malignancy identified by preoperative ultrasonography. All patients underwent complete excision of accessory mammary gland (AMG) tissue, including tumors. The postoperative results were checked 6 months after surgery.

RESULTS: Fifty-two out of 3,554 patients had tumors confirmed by preoperative ultrasonography. Preoperative core biopsies were performed on 11 patients. Two patients had malignant tumors (invasive ductal carcinoma) identified by core biopsy. Fifty patients had benign tumors identified by postoperative pathological analysis (46 fibroadenomas, 2 fibrocystic changes, and 2 sclerosing adenoses). Carcinoma in situ was confirmed in 2 patients using postoperative pathological analysis. No patients in either group developed tumors in the axilla during the follow-up period. All patients were satisfied with the axillary pain relief and the disappearance of bulging lesions.

CONCLUSION: We recommend a core biopsy if preoperative ultrasonography indicates a possibly malignant tumor. AAB patients may experience tumors, pain, and bulging appearance of an AMG; thus, complete AMG excision is necessary.},
}

@article {pmid40360413,
year = {2025},
author = {Sakurai, K and Suzuki, S and Adachi, K and Hirano, T and Kubota, H and Sakamoto, A and Osakaya, A and Fujisaki, S and Ono, T and Tsuji, T},
title = {[A Case of Thyroid Cancer Discovered Incidentally after Breast Cancer Surgery].},
journal = {Gan to kagaku ryoho. Cancer & chemotherapy},
volume = {52},
number = {4},
pages = {339-341},
pmid = {40360413},
issn = {0385-0684},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; Middle Aged ; *Thyroid Neoplasms/surgery/pathology/diagnosis ; *Breast Neoplasms/surgery/pathology ; Incidental Findings ; Carcinoma, Papillary/surgery ; Thyroid Cancer, Papillary ; Thyroidectomy ; Mastectomy ; *Carcinoma/surgery ; },
abstract = {The patient was a 51-year-old woman. A left breast tumor was detected during a health checkup and the patient was referred to our hospital. Upon arrival, a mobile mass measuring 17 mm in diameter was palpable in the CD region of the left breast. The mammogram showed a sawtooth mass. Ultrasonography revealed a hypoechoic mass with abundant blood flow. Needle biopsy revealed invasive ductal carcinoma. Systemic examination revealed masses in both thyroid lobes, and a fine-needle aspiration cytology diagnosis showed it to be benign. A left circular mastectomy and sentinel lymph node biopsy were performed. Pathological examination revealed a resection margin negative, ER negative, PgR negative, HER2 negative invasive ductal carcinoma, with a tumor diameter of 20 mm and 17.2% Ki-67 positivity. Thirty months after surgery, the left thyroid tumor showed a tendency to grow, and fine-needle aspiration cytology was performed again, which revealed a papillary carcinoma. A left thyroid lobectomy and lymph node dissection were performed. Pathological examination revealed that the patient had papillary thyroid cancer, T1aN0M0=Stage Ⅰ(<55y). Currently, 3 years after surgery, there is no evidence of metastasis or recurrence of either cancer.},
}

Humans
Female
Middle Aged
*Thyroid Neoplasms/surgery/pathology/diagnosis
*Breast Neoplasms/surgery/pathology
Incidental Findings
Carcinoma, Papillary/surgery
Thyroid Cancer, Papillary
Thyroidectomy
Mastectomy
*Carcinoma/surgery

@article {pmid40364451,
year = {2025},
author = {Nourbakshs, M and Du, L and Acosta, AM and Alaghehbandan, R and Amin, A and Amin, MB and Aron, M and Berney, D and Brimo, F and Chan, E and Cheng, L and Colecchia, M and Dhillon, J and Downes, MR and Evans, AJ and Harik, LR and Hassan, O and Haider, A and Humphrey, PA and Jha, S and Kandukuri, S and Kao, CS and Kaushal, S and Khani, F and Kryvenko, ON and Kweldam, C and Lal, P and Lobo, A and Maclean, F and Magi-Galluzzi, C and Mehra, R and Miyamoto, H and Mohanty, SK and Montironi, R and Nesi, G and Netto, GJ and Nguyen, JK and Nourieh, M and Osunkoya, AO and Paner, GP and Sangoi, AR and Shah, RB and Srigley, JR and Tretiakova, M and Troncoso, P and Trpkov, K and Van Der Kwast, TH and Zhang, M and Zynger, DL and Williamson, SR and Giannico, GA},
title = {Current practices in prostate pathology reporting: results from a survey of genitourinary and general pathologists.},
journal = {Histopathology},
volume = {87},
number = {2},
pages = {206-222},
pmid = {40364451},
issn = {1365-2559},
mesh = {Humans ; Male ; Pathologists/statistics & numerical data ; *Prostatic Neoplasms/pathology ; *Pathology, Clinical/standards ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Neoplasm Grading ; *Practice Patterns, Physicians'/statistics & numerical data ; *Prostate/pathology ; },
abstract = {AIMS: Standardizing pathology reporting protocols through peer consensus review is critical for the best quality of care metrics. Reporting heterogeneity due to discrepancies among professional societies and practice patterns may lead to heterogeneous management and treatment approaches. This issue prompted a multi-institutional survey of pathologists to address potential similarities or differences in trends and practice patterns in prostate pathology reporting worldwide.

METHODS AND RESULTS: A REDCap survey was distributed among 175 pathologists worldwide, recruited through invitations and social media. The response rate among invited pathologists was 83%. The practice locations were as follows: North America (USA, Canada, and Mexico, 62%), Europe (17%), Australia/New Zealand (3%), Central/South America (2%), Asia (13%), and Africa (2%). Most pathologists practiced for <5 years (28%). A genitourinary (GU) pathology fellowship was completed by 37%, 58% practiced in a subspecialized setting, and 43% in academia. Reporting includes (63%) or subtracts (37%) intervening benign tissue. Both Gleason score and Grade Groups (GG)s were reported by 96% of responders, whereas 94% report percent pattern 4 (%4). Aggregate grading and volume estimation in undesignated cores with different grades in the same jar are reported by 73% and 54% for systematic biopsies, and 83% and 62% for targeted biopsies, respectively. Cribriform morphology was reported by 81%. For presumed intraductal carcinoma (IDC), 89% use basal cell markers when isolated (iIDC), 82% with GG1 cancer, and 37% with ≥GG2. iIDC or IDC associated with GG1 or with ≥GG2 was not graded by 90%, 78%, and 70%, respectively. In radical prostatectomies, 90% report %4, but only 53% report it if the overall grade is ≥7. A tumour with Gleason 3 + 3 = 6 and <5% pattern 4 was graded as GG2 by 64%. A <5% cutoff for defining tertiary pattern was used by 74%, and 80% report >5% pattern 4 or 5 as a secondary pattern. Grading was assigned based on the dominant nodule by 59%. Finally, reporting practices were significantly associated with demographic characteristics.

CONCLUSIONS: Although most issues are agreed upon, significant discordance is identified among societies and pathologists in different practice settings. We hope this survey will serve as the basis for future studies and new collaborative approaches to more standardized reporting practices.},
}

Humans
Male
Pathologists/statistics & numerical data
*Prostatic Neoplasms/pathology
*Pathology, Clinical/standards
Surveys and Questionnaires
Neoplasm Grading
*Practice Patterns, Physicians'/statistics & numerical data
*Prostate/pathology

@article {pmid40367329,
year = {2025},
author = {Úbeda, B and Mensión, E and Ganau, S and Sitges, C and Macedo, M and Gasior, DM and Cebrecos, I and Sanfeliu, E and Bargalló, X},
title = {Second-Look Ultrasound: When Things Are Not Always as They Seem.},
journal = {Ultrasound quarterly},
volume = {41},
number = {2},
pages = {},
pmid = {40367329},
issn = {1536-0253},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Adult ; *Ultrasonography, Mammary/methods ; *Breast Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging/pathology ; Aged, 80 and over ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods ; Breast/diagnostic imaging/pathology ; Image-Guided Biopsy ; },
abstract = {The purpose of this study was to compare size, morphologic features, and degree of suspicion between findings at second-look ultrasound (SL-US) and additional lesions with histological confirmation detected on breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We performed an observational retrospective study including women who underwent SL-US between January 2021 and August 2022. Size, morphology according to Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) lexicon, and BI-RADS categories were analyzed for MRI and US findings. Two hundred twenty-four consecutive patients (aged 29-88 years; mean, 59.2 years) underwent SL-US to identify 235 additional lesions detected on MRI. US identified 173 (73.6%) findings. US- guided biopsy was performed in 148 (85.5%) of the detected lesions, proving 56 (37.8%) malignant and 92 (62.2%) benign. Mean size was 15.2 mm on MRI and 9.4 mm on US. Foci and masses showed good correlation, whereas nonmass enhancements tended to appear larger on MRI, and this difference was statistically significant (P = 0.0001). Morphology showed a higher agreement in the case of foci and masses than with nonmass enhancements. BI-RADS categories agreed in 66 cases (44.6%), whereas in 61 cases (41.2%), the degree of suspicion was higher for MRI, and in only 21 cases (14.2%) were lesions more suspicious on US than on MRI. In conclusion, lesions detected at SL-US show a higher agreement in size and morphologic features for foci and masses than with nonmass enhancements and similar or lower degree of suspicion than on MRI; therefore, decision to perform a biopsy should be based primarily on MRI findings.},
}

Humans
Female
Middle Aged
Aged
Retrospective Studies
Adult
*Ultrasonography, Mammary/methods
*Breast Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging/pathology
Aged, 80 and over
Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods
Breast/diagnostic imaging/pathology
Image-Guided Biopsy

@article {pmid40376199,
year = {2025},
author = {Bian, Y and Song, C and Nie, Y and Shen, X and Hui, F and Yu, G},
title = {Breast cancer metastasis to the nasopharynx: A case report.},
journal = {Oncology letters},
volume = {30},
number = {1},
pages = {331},
pmid = {40376199},
issn = {1792-1082},
abstract = {Breast cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality in women, with metastasis posing a significant clinical challenge. However, spread to the nasopharynx and nasal cavity is exceptionally rare. The current study presents the case of a 53-year-old woman diagnosed with invasive ductal carcinoma of the right breast, which later metastasized to the nasopharynx. Despite undergoing modified radical mastectomy, chemotherapy and endocrine therapy, the patient developed symptoms indicative of distant metastasis. The present study reviews the diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for such rare occurrences, offering insights into effective management. The study analyzes this case alongside previously reported instances with the aim of enhancing awareness and facilitating early detection and intervention.},
}

@article {pmid40379596,
year = {2025},
author = {Soran, A and Gultekin, MB and Venkatesulu, BP and Barry, PN and King, C and Bhargava, R and Karanlik, H and Yildiz, F and Soyder, A and Goktepe, B and Senol, K and Guzel, C and Sen, E and Yeniay, L and Dag, A and Trabulus, DC and Coskun, A and Veliyeva, H and Utkan, Z and Demirors, B and Sezgin, E and Vargo, JA},
title = {Biologically Informed Decision-Making for PMRT in pT3N0M0 Luminal Breast Cancers (Protocol MF22-02): International Multicenter Real-World Data.},
journal = {Clinical breast cancer},
volume = {25},
number = {7},
pages = {e887-e896},
doi = {10.1016/j.clbc.2025.04.012},
pmid = {40379596},
issn = {1938-0666},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; *Breast Neoplasms/pathology/radiotherapy/mortality/therapy/surgery ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Mastectomy ; Aged ; Adult ; *Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/epidemiology/pathology ; Neoplasm Staging ; Radiotherapy, Adjuvant/methods ; *Clinical Decision-Making ; Receptors, Estrogen/metabolism ; Follow-Up Studies ; Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases/metabolism ; *Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology ; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant ; Prognosis ; Receptors, Progesterone/metabolism ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Current guidelines do not list definitive recommendations for postmastectomy radiation therapy (PMRT) in patients with luminal pT3N0M0 breast cancer (BC). Increased data suggests de-escalation of radiation therapy (RT) in genomically defined biologically favorable luminal BCs. The goal of this study is to determine whether PMRT can be safely omitted for this specific subgroup of patients.

METHODS AND MATERIALS: Two hundred and 2 women from 16 centers with pT3N0M0 hormone receptor (HR) positive, HER2 negative BC who underwent mastectomy were retrospectively analyzed. No patients received neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Three patients were excluded because of positive surgical margins. Patients were divided into 2 groups: PMRT (n = 130) and no PMRT (n = 69). Groups were compared in terms of overall survival (OS), loco-regional recurrence (LRR) rate, and distant metastases (DM) in light of the Magee Equations Score (MS), menopausal status/age, axillary surgery, pathology, lymphovascular invasion (LVI), adjuvant chemotherapy, and adjuvant endocrine therapy.

RESULTS: The majority of the patients had invasive ductal carcinoma (49%, n = 98). There was no significant difference regarding tumor size, axillary surgery, and adjuvant endocrine therapy between the 2 groups (P = .82, P = .28, P = .12, respectively). LVI was 19% (n = 39), and it was greater in the PMRT group (25% vs. 10%; P = .01). Patients in the PMRT group received more chemotherapy (66% vs. 30%; P < .001), had more grade 3 tumors (28% vs. 9%, P = .005), and were more premenopausal (49% vs. 22%; P = .0001). At a median follow-up of 51.3 months for the no PMRT group and 65.9 months for the PMRT group (P = .041), 9% (n = 6) of patients from the no PMRT group and 2% (n = 3) from the PMRT group developed LRR (P = .047). There was no difference in local recurrence (1% in no PMRT group vs. 2% in PMRT group; P = .7) and distant recurrence (7% in no PMRT group vs. 3% in PMRT group; P = .16) in patients who received PMRT and no PMRT. Further comparison of the LRR in the no PMRT and PMRT groups in patients with an MS < 18 did not show a significant difference (3% vs. 4%; P = .64). However, among patients with an MS ≥ 18, no PMRT group had a higher LRR rate compared to the PMRT group (11% vs. 2%; P = .01). In patients with an MS ≥ 18, the administration of PMRT correlates with statistically significantly better LRR-free survival (HR 0.19; 95% CI 0.05-0.79; P = .02).

CONCLUSIONS: Our findings imply that when considering PMRT for patients with pT3N0M0, HR-positive, and HER2-negative BC, clinicians can benefit from a combination of pathological risk factors and recurrence prediction models. Patients with MS < 18 experience a comparable rate of recurrence irrespective of PMRT, while those with MS ≥ 18 have higher rates of LRR and thus should not omit PMRT.},
}

Humans
Female
*Breast Neoplasms/pathology/radiotherapy/mortality/therapy/surgery
Middle Aged
Retrospective Studies
Mastectomy
Aged
Adult
*Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/epidemiology/pathology
Neoplasm Staging
Radiotherapy, Adjuvant/methods
*Clinical Decision-Making
Receptors, Estrogen/metabolism
Follow-Up Studies
Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases/metabolism
*Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology
Chemotherapy, Adjuvant
Prognosis
Receptors, Progesterone/metabolism

@article {pmid40385773,
year = {2025},
author = {Mokhtar, J and Almarzooqi, S and Tahlak, S and Grassi, V},
title = {Lateral Intercostal Artery Perforator Flap for Enhanced Aesthetic Outcomes in Breast-Conserving Surgery.},
journal = {Cureus},
volume = {17},
number = {4},
pages = {e82354},
pmid = {40385773},
issn = {2168-8184},
abstract = {Oncoplastic breast-conserving surgery (O-BCS) combines oncological safety with superior aesthetic outcomes, enabling women to maintain their breast contour following partial mastectomy and other procedures. The lateral intercostal artery perforator (LICAP) flap, a muscle-sparing technique, is a procedure that utilizes excess soft tissue below the armpit to fill the cavity remaining after a lumpectomy for tumors located in the outer quadrant of the breast. We present an exemplary case of a 45-year-old female who underwent O-BCS for multifocal invasive ductal carcinoma, followed by reconstruction with the LICAP flap. The patient exhibited exceptional aesthetic outcomes following the LICAP flap procedure, preserving a natural breast contour while achieving clear surgical margins and eliminating residual cancer tissue. The efficacy and versatility of the LICAP flap technique qualify it as an effective approach that addresses the reconstructive aspects of oncoplastic breast surgery, while also achieving a successful oncological response.},
}

@article {pmid40386043,
year = {2025},
author = {Han, Y and Hu, X and Xiong, H and Zeng, L and Peng, Y and Su, T},
title = {CEP55 as a prognostic indicator and a predictive marker in oral squamous cell carcinoma.},
journal = {International journal of medical sciences},
volume = {22},
number = {10},
pages = {2446-2459},
pmid = {40386043},
issn = {1449-1907},
mesh = {Humans ; *Mouth Neoplasms/pathology/immunology/mortality/genetics/diagnosis ; *Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism/genetics ; *Cell Cycle Proteins/metabolism/genetics ; Prognosis ; Female ; Male ; Middle Aged ; *Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology/immunology/mortality/genetics ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Aged ; *Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck/pathology/immunology/mortality/genetics ; Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/immunology ; Immunohistochemistry ; *Nuclear Proteins/metabolism ; },
abstract = {Objective: To investigate the role of CEP55 in the occurrence and development of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Materials and Methods: Through the utilization of the online OSCC database and bioinformatic analysis, we examine CEP55 expression and its correlation with prognosis, pathways, and immune infiltration. CEP55 and other biomarkers were stained using immunohistochemical methods in 57 cases of OSCC and 44 cases of adjacent paired tissues, demonstrating the clear involvement of CEP55. Results: The expression levels of CEP55 were significantly higher in OSCC tissues compared to normal tissues. Additionally, higher levels of CEP55 were associated with a worse prognosis. CEP55 expression levels were significantly higher in OSCC tissues compared to normal tissues. Additionally, higher levels of CEP55 were associated with a worse prognosis. GSEA results indicated a correlation between CEP55 and the cell cycle. Immunohistochemical staining revealed a significant positive correlation between CEP55 and cell cycle-related protein markers (PCNA, P16, P21, and P53). Furthermore, CEP55 was found to significantly inhibit tumor immune infiltration. As a result, CEP55 expression decreased infiltration of 9 types of immune cells (iDC, mast cells, pDC, DC, Th17 cells, TFH, Treg, T cells, and neutrophils), while increasing infiltration of only 3 types of immune cells (Tcm, T Helper cells, and Th2 cells). Conclusion: The results suggest that CEP55 plays a crucial role in the progression of OSCC promoting cell cycle progression and suppressing immune infiltration.},
}

Humans
*Mouth Neoplasms/pathology/immunology/mortality/genetics/diagnosis
*Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism/genetics
*Cell Cycle Proteins/metabolism/genetics
Prognosis
Female
Male
Middle Aged
*Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology/immunology/mortality/genetics
Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
Aged
*Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck/pathology/immunology/mortality/genetics
Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/immunology
Immunohistochemistry
*Nuclear Proteins/metabolism

@article {pmid40389885,
year = {2025},
author = {Ndlovu, AK and Kasvosve, I and Rantshabeng, PS and Sharma, K and Govender, D and Naidoo, R},
title = {Female breast cancer classification using immunohistochemistry biomarkers staining in Botswana.},
journal = {BMC cancer},
volume = {25},
number = {1},
pages = {893},
pmid = {40389885},
issn = {1471-2407},
support = {PhD Scholarship//University of Botswana, Human resources/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; Botswana/epidemiology ; *Breast Neoplasms/classification/pathology/metabolism ; *Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism ; Immunohistochemistry/methods ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Adult ; Aged ; Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases/metabolism ; Receptors, Estrogen/metabolism ; Receptors, Progesterone/metabolism ; },
abstract = {Breast cancer remains the most diagnosed cancer among women world-wide and a leading cause of cancer-related deaths accounting for 15% of deaths in 2018. Worldwide, the incidence increased from 1.4 million in 2011 to over 2 million in 2018 with a concomitant increase in mortality from 458,400 to 626,679 in the same period. Low- and middle-income countries, such as Botswana, have a disproportionate burden of breast cancer incidence and mortality and there is an urgent need to characterise the unique tumour molecular profiles that may be influencing mortality in these populations. Methods A retrospective study of 125 archived mastectomy specimens (from 2006 to 2009) from women with breast cancer in Botswana was conducted. We determined molecular characteristics of breast cancers by carrying out four immunohistochemistry (IHC)classification (PR, ER, HER2 receptors and Ki 67), cytokeratin 5/6 and EGFR1.Statistical software STATA and SPSS were used to determine the relationship between histology, IHC of biomarkers of interest. Results Out of 125 breast cancer tissues, the distribution of molecular subtypes were as follows: Luminal A (44/125; 35.2%), Luminal B (and TNBC (23/125; 18,4%), HER2 Enriched (17/125; 13.6%), and Luminal B HER2 Enriched (9/125; 7.2%), Basal (9/125; 7.2%), and CK5/6 was expressed by 12.8% (16/125) of tumours. Furthermore 6% of the tumours were basal positive luminal tumours. Morphological 76% of tumours were IDC-NOS and 24% were special type, majority were grade 2 (40%) followed by grade 1(30.4%), grade 3 (23.2%) was and mucinous types were 6.4%. Clinical staging and tumour involvement data were incomplete. Conclusion The discovery of basal positive luminal breast tumours in women from Botswana original not accounted for in the four distinct molecular subtype calls for an expanded antibody panel 6-IHC panel) in order to stratify women of African descent patients into good/poor prognostic groups. Characterising tumour subtypes will better inform optimal therapeutic regimens for women with breast cancer in Botswana.},
}

Humans
Female
Botswana/epidemiology
*Breast Neoplasms/classification/pathology/metabolism
*Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
Immunohistochemistry/methods
Middle Aged
Retrospective Studies
Adult
Aged
Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases/metabolism
Receptors, Estrogen/metabolism
Receptors, Progesterone/metabolism

@article {pmid40392351,
year = {2025},
author = {Hu, P and Wu, X and Li, Y and Wei, F and Zeng, S and Xiao, Y and Liu, X and Liu, Z},
title = {Survival outcomes and prognostic factors of breast cancer spinal metastases: a retrospective study.},
journal = {Discover oncology},
volume = {16},
number = {1},
pages = {825},
pmid = {40392351},
issn = {2730-6011},
support = {BYSYZD2022023//Peking University Third Hospital/ ; Y73504-10//Peking University Third Hospital/ ; },
abstract = {PURPOSE: To investigate survival-related factors in patients with breast cancer spinal metastases (BCSM) within the context of multidisciplinary treatment.

METHODS: A retrospective cohort of 78 cases from July 2010 to December 2021 was recruited. These patients underwent surgery-based multidisciplinary treatment. Collected data included demographics, pathologies, symptoms, surgery-related data, adjuvant therapies, postoperative events, and survival data. The primary outcome was overall survival (OS). Kaplan-Meier survival curves were plotted. Univariate analysis employed the log-rank test, and post-hoc multivariate analysis utilized the Cox regression model.

RESULTS: The mean age was 50.9 years. 72 cases (92.3%) reported locoregional pain, and 30 cases (38.5%) presented with neurological dysfunction. The primary pathological subtype was invasive ductal carcinoma (83.3%).

SURGICAL PROCEDURES: total en-bloc spondylectomy (6.4%), debulking surgery (61.5%), palliative surgery (32.1%). Postoperatively, both pain and neurological function significantly improved (P < 0.05). Radiotherapy, endocrine therapy, chemotherapy/targeted therapy were given to 56.4%, 60.3%, 61.5% patients, respectively. The estimated OS was 50.0 months. Tomita's scores (P = 0.355) and Tokuhashi's scores (P = 0.461) showed no significant OS association. Univariate analysis indicated that preoperative neurological dysfunction (P = 0.003), postoperative neurological dysfunction (P = 0.051), adjuvant endocrine therapy (P = 0.025), and hormone receptor expression status (P = 0.009) were associated with patient survival. Multivariate analysis identified endocrine therapy as an independent protective factor for prognosis (aHR = 0.070, 95% CI 0.007-0.727, P = 0.026).

CONCLUSIONS: Patients with BCSM have experienced prolonged survival. Neurological status, adjuvant anti-drugs, and expression of hormone receptors played crucial roles in predicting survival. Conventional prognostic systems may require modification to incorporate these factors. However, this study has limitations inherent to its retrospective design, single-center cohort, and relatively small sample size, which may affect generalizability.},
}

@article {pmid40394843,
year = {2025},
author = {Raeisi, N and Saber Tanha, A and Jafari Zarrin Ghabaei, F and Barashki, S and Aryana, K},
title = {Favorable Palliative Effect of 177 Lu-FAPI-2286 in Two Breast Cancer Patients With Refractory Bone Pains.},
journal = {Clinical nuclear medicine},
volume = {50},
number = {9},
pages = {e564-e567},
doi = {10.1097/RLU.0000000000005753},
pmid = {40394843},
issn = {1536-0229},
mesh = {Female ; Humans ; *Bone Neoplasms/secondary/complications/radiotherapy ; *Breast Neoplasms/pathology/complications ; *Lutetium/therapeutic use ; *Pain/complications ; *Palliative Care ; Radioisotopes/therapeutic use ; },
abstract = {We present 2 women with advanced invasive ductal carcinoma who developed skeletal metastases despite extensive treatment, including surgery, chemotherapy, and hormonal therapy. Both patients experienced debilitating pain and were evaluated for bone palliation therapy using 177 Lu-FAPI-2286, after 99m Tc-FAPI-46 scintigraphy showed suitable uptake. Remarkably, both patients reported significant pain relief shortly after treatment. The only adverse effect noted was grade III thrombocytopenia in 1 patient. These cases highlight the potential of 177 Lu-FAPI-2286 in providing rapid and effective palliation for breast cancer patients suffering from refractory pain, suggesting further investigation into its role in theranostics and palliative care. In this report, we also conducted a comprehensive literature review on radio-ligand therapy with 177 Lu-FAPI in breast cancer.},
}

Female
Humans
*Bone Neoplasms/secondary/complications/radiotherapy
*Breast Neoplasms/pathology/complications
*Lutetium/therapeutic use
*Pain/complications
*Palliative Care
Radioisotopes/therapeutic use

@article {pmid40395698,
year = {2025},
author = {Hamze, M and Alawa, J and Alahdab, F and Al-Shemali, A and Alhussein, AN and Arab, NMA and Galal, B and Debel, J and Jemo, A and Khalil, M and Chagpar, A and Atassi, B and Khoshnood, K and Abbara, A},
title = {Breast Cancer Diagnosis and Management in an Area of Protracted Conflict: A Case Series from Northwest Syria.},
journal = {Avicenna journal of medicine},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {9-16},
pmid = {40395698},
issn = {2231-0770},
abstract = {Background Breast cancer remains a significant public health challenge in conflict-affected regions. This study aims to investigate the impact of armed conflict on the burden of breast cancer in female patients in northwest Syria, focusing on clinical presentations, management, diagnosis, access to care, and treatment outcomes. Methods We conducted a retrospective analysis of breast cancer patients diagnosed at the Idlib Oncology Center between March 2017 and January 2022. Data were extracted from clinical files and analyzed in R. The study was conducted at the Idlib Oncology Center, the main referral center for cancer care in northwest Syria, serving a population of 4.6 million. Results A total of 192 patients were included, with a median age of 45.5 years (interquartile range [IQR]: 40-56). Of 108 patients, 56.5% were internally displaced. Most patients were diagnosed with invasive ductal carcinoma (81.3%), and the majority presented at stages II and III (34.8 and 59%, respectively). Among 192 patients, 95.8% underwent surgery, with 96.6% having a mastectomy and 90.7% receiving chemotherapy. The median interval from symptom onset to diagnosis was 100.5 days, that from diagnosis to surgery was 14.5 days, and that from surgery to radiotherapy was 229 days. No significant effect was observed for chemical weapon exposure or family loss on survival. Displacement was associated with significantly lower predicted survival (p = 0.0038; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.05064-0.2570). Conclusions This study highlights a high prevalence of late-stage breast cancer, a high rate of mastectomies, delayed access to radiotherapy, and long delays between diagnosis and treatment in northwest Syria. Displacement negatively affects survival rates. Additionally, the substantial lack of radiotherapy in patients needing it and prolonged intervals between treatments contribute to poorer outcomes. Establishing localized oncology services and increasing funding for cancer medications and radiotherapy would improve access to necessary oncology care in this region.},
}

@article {pmid40399365,
year = {2025},
author = {Kondru, JB and Obulesu, YP},
title = {Comprehensive performance analysis of an electric vehicle using multi-mode Indian drive cycles.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {17699},
pmid = {40399365},
issn = {2045-2322},
abstract = {The constant advancements in the research and development society of vehicle manufacturing made the customer's attention towards EV ownership due to the better economic profile in the view of maintenance and operations. Even though the vehicles have better features the performance of the EV can be estimated with the consideration of the designed drive cycle for the region. According to that the procurement of EVs should be in the approved range of drive cycles with the concern of application. Based on that the article has concentrated on the performance of EV in the view of driving range and energy consumption of the battery for passenger transport applications. To observe the operational attributes of EV the assessment methodology was implemented for three Indian drive cycles (IDC) specifically on IUDC, MIDC, and IHDC. The quantitative assessment has been applied for the specifications of a 106-kW drive powered by the 30.2 kWh battery EV in the operational sequence model of three driving scenarios (aggressive, moderate, and slow) for a distance of 100 km with a four-wheel structure. To provide the vehicle statistics the assessment attempts the execution of performance parameters pictorially with the logistics of software evaluations for a particular average speed range of 21.2-50.02 km/h. From the assessment, it can be realized that the energy consumption of batteries is allowable in the range of 0.129-0.171 kWh/km for EV four-wheelers.},
}

@article {pmid40404608,
year = {2025},
author = {Tanabe, Y and Inoue, K and Takahashi, M and Mukai, H and Yamanaka, T and Egawa, C and Uchida, Y and Higashibeppu, Y and Sakata, Y and Sugawara, M and Tsurutani, J},
title = {Prognosis of Invasive Lobular Carcinoma and Effectiveness of Eribulin in Clinical Practice: A Post Hoc Analysis of a 2-Year Post-Marketing Surveillance.},
journal = {Asia-Pacific journal of clinical oncology},
volume = {21},
number = {6},
pages = {623-630},
pmid = {40404608},
issn = {1743-7563},
support = {//Eisai Co., Ltd/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *Ketones/therapeutic use ; *Furans/therapeutic use ; Female ; *Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy/pathology/mortality ; Middle Aged ; *Carcinoma, Lobular/drug therapy/pathology/mortality ; Aged ; Prognosis ; Product Surveillance, Postmarketing ; Prospective Studies ; Adult ; *Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use ; Polyether Polyketides ; },
abstract = {AIM: Invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) is the second most common breast cancer type after invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC). Eribulin mesylate (eribulin) is a non-taxane microtubule dynamics inhibitor approved for advanced or metastatic breast cancer, including ILC and IDC. However, real-world data from eribulin-treated patients with advanced or metastatic ILC are scarce.

METHODS: This post hoc analysis of a Japanese multicenter, prospective, observational post-marketing surveillance (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02371174) evaluated data from eribulin-treated patients with ILC or IDC. Overall survival (OS) from the initiation of first-line chemotherapy, OS from the first date of eribulin administration, and time-to-treatment failure (TTF) were evaluated. OS from eribulin initiation was also evaluated by line of eribulin treatment (first-line, second-line, and third-line or later). Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) with ≥ 5% frequency in both groups were evaluated.

RESULTS: Among patients with ILC (n = 33) and IDC (n = 543), median OS from the initiation of first-line chemotherapy was 25.5 and 39.0 months, respectively (hazard ratio 1.94 [95% confidence interval 1.28-2.94]; p < 0.05), median OS from the first date of eribulin administration was 16.0 and 18.0 months, respectively (1.31 [0.87-1.97]), and TTF was 6 and 5 months (0.92 [0.65-1.32]). No significant differences were observed in median OS when stratified by line of eribulin treatment. Type and frequency of ADRs did not differ significantly between the groups.

CONCLUSION: OS and TTF after eribulin initiation were similar between ILC and IDC cases, suggesting that eribulin might be a beneficial treatment option for ILC.},
}

Humans
*Ketones/therapeutic use
*Furans/therapeutic use
Female
*Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy/pathology/mortality
Middle Aged
*Carcinoma, Lobular/drug therapy/pathology/mortality
Aged
Prognosis
Product Surveillance, Postmarketing
Prospective Studies
Adult
*Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
Polyether Polyketides

@article {pmid40406802,
year = {2025},
author = {Kumar, SV and Kishore Singh, B and Gopal Madakshira, M and Kumar, V and Kumar Mishra, S and Sati, A and V Kumar, N},
title = {Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography - computed tomography (FDG PET-CT) negative orbital metastasis secondary to breast carcinoma: a diagnostic pitfall.},
journal = {Orbit (Amsterdam, Netherlands)},
volume = {44},
number = {6},
pages = {815-820},
doi = {10.1080/01676830.2025.2507374},
pmid = {40406802},
issn = {1744-5108},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; *Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 ; *Breast Neoplasms/pathology/diagnostic imaging ; *Orbital Neoplasms/secondary/diagnostic imaging/radiotherapy ; *Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography ; *Radiopharmaceuticals ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Adult ; *Carcinoma, Lobular/diagnostic imaging/secondary/radiotherapy ; *Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/diagnostic imaging/secondary ; Biopsy ; },
abstract = {Orbital metastases from breast carcinoma are uncommon and often present diagnostic challenges. Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography - computed tomography (FDG PET-CT) is widely used in oncologic imaging, but may fail to detect small or metabolically inactive orbital lesions. We report a 41 -year-old female with a history of hormone receptor-positive invasive lobular breast carcinoma who presented with a painless progressive swelling of the lower eyelid and proptosis over 3 months. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) orbit revealed a lesion in the inferolateral aspect of the left lower eyelid and extraconal compartment of the left orbit. FDG PET-CT did not demonstrate any metabolic activity in the orbit. A biopsy was performed, confirming metastatic breast carcinoma. The patient underwent external beam radiotherapy directed at the eyelid and orbital region, resulting in a favorable clinical response. This case illustrates the limitations of FDG PET-CT in detecting orbital metastasis from breast carcinoma, particularly in lobular subtypes ,and emphasizes the importance of correlating imaging with clinical suspicion and biopsy in such clinical scenarios.Abbreviations: FDG PET-CT= Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography - computed tomography, MRI= Magnetic resonance imaging,ILC= Invasive lobular carcinoma, IDC= Invasive ductal carcinoma.},
}

Humans
Female
*Fluorodeoxyglucose F18
*Breast Neoplasms/pathology/diagnostic imaging
*Orbital Neoplasms/secondary/diagnostic imaging/radiotherapy
*Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography
*Radiopharmaceuticals
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Adult
*Carcinoma, Lobular/diagnostic imaging/secondary/radiotherapy
*Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/diagnostic imaging/secondary
Biopsy

@article {pmid40407816,
year = {2025},
author = {Lu, D and Han, Y and Xu, R and Wang, C and Qin, M and Shi, J and Ye, F and Zhang, J and Luo, Z and Wang, Y and Lin, H and Jia, P and Zhu, J and Wang, C},
title = {Respiratory transmission potential of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome bunyavirus: evidence from intranasal exposure in a humanized mouse model.},
journal = {Emerging microbes & infections},
volume = {14},
number = {1},
pages = {2511134},
pmid = {40407816},
issn = {2222-1751},
mesh = {Animals ; Mice ; *Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome/transmission/virology/pathology/immunology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Humans ; *Phlebovirus/physiology/pathogenicity ; Lung/pathology/virology ; Administration, Intranasal ; Female ; },
abstract = {Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Bunyavirus (SFTSV) is a highly lethal pathogen with expanding endemic regions in Asia. While primarily transmitted by ticks, recent evidence suggests potential airborne transmission, raising significant public health concerns. This study investigates the potential for respiratory transmission and pathogenesis using humanized NCG mice inoculated with SFTSV via subcutaneous injection challenge (SIC) or intranasal drop challenge (IDC). Both groups demonstrated rapid systemic dissemination, marked by viremia, weight loss, and multi-organ injury, with hemorrhagic manifestations observed in high-dose infection groups. Histopathological evaluations revealed lung pathology in the intranasal drop challenge mice, including extensive alveolar disruption and inflammatory cell infiltration. Transcriptomic analyses further confirmed that respiratory route inoculation resulted in heightened expression of inflammatory signalling pathways such as IL-17 and NF-κB, potentially contributing to severe local immunopathology. Subcutaneous infection provoked an earlier systemic immune response, with significant upregulation of antigen-processing genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Nevertheless, both routes ultimately culminated in widespread injury to the liver, spleen, kidney, highlighting the systemic nature of SFTSV pathogenesis. These findings underscore the need for preventive strategies addressing respiratory spread.},
}

Animals
Mice
*Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome/transmission/virology/pathology/immunology
Disease Models, Animal
Humans
*Phlebovirus/physiology/pathogenicity
Lung/pathology/virology
Administration, Intranasal
Female

@article {pmid40409270,
year = {2025},
author = {Trendel, J and Trendel, S and Sha, S and Greulich, F and Goll, S and Wudy, SI and Kleigrewe, K and Kubicek, S and Uhlenhaut, NH and Kuster, B},
title = {The human proteome with direct physical access to DNA.},
journal = {Cell},
volume = {188},
number = {16},
pages = {4424-4440.e17},
doi = {10.1016/j.cell.2025.04.037},
pmid = {40409270},
issn = {1097-4172},
mesh = {Humans ; *Proteome/metabolism ; *DNA/metabolism/chemistry ; Chromatin/metabolism/chemistry ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Transcription Factors/metabolism ; },
abstract = {In a human cell, DNA is packed with histones, RNA, and chromatin-associated proteins, forming a cohesive gel. At any given moment, only a subset of the proteome has physical access to the DNA and organizes its structure, transcription, replication, repair, and other essential molecular functions. We have developed a "zero-distance" photo-crosslinking approach to quantify proteins in direct contact with DNA in living cells. Collecting DNA interactomes from human breast cancer cells, we present an atlas of over one thousand proteins with physical access to DNA and hundreds of peptide-nucleotide crosslinks pinpointing protein-DNA interfaces with single-amino-acid resolution. Quantitative comparisons of DNA interactomes from differentially treated cells recapitulate the recruitment of key transcription factors as well as DNA repair proteins and uncover fast-acting restrictors of chromatin accessibility on a timescale of minutes. This opens a direct way to explore genomic regulation in a hypothesis-free manner, applicable to many organisms and systems.},
}

Humans
*Proteome/metabolism
*DNA/metabolism/chemistry
Chromatin/metabolism/chemistry
Cell Line, Tumor
Transcription Factors/metabolism

@article {pmid40418704,
year = {2025},
author = {Hassan, F and Zhang, H and Idiaquez, DW and Pakasticali, N and Hyjek, E and Hussaini, M},
title = {KRAS may facilitate transformation of chronic lymphocytic leukemia to histiocytic sarcoma with indeterminate dendritic cell features.},
journal = {American journal of clinical pathology},
volume = {164},
number = {2},
pages = {157-162},
doi = {10.1093/ajcp/aqaf041},
pmid = {40418704},
issn = {1943-7722},
mesh = {Humans ; *Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/pathology/genetics ; *Histiocytic Sarcoma/pathology/genetics ; Male ; Aged ; *Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras)/genetics/metabolism ; *Dendritic Cells/pathology ; *Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/pathology/genetics ; Mutation ; Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics ; },
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: We sought to investigate the molecular mechanism underlying transformation of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) to histiocytic sarcoma (HS) with indeterminate dendritic cell (IDC) features.

METHODS: Extensive NGS-based genomic profiling was performed on samples of a patient who had CLL, secondary HS with IDC features, and CMML. Clonotypic evaluation of VDJ rearrangement status was performed to confirm clonal relatedness.

RESULTS: HS is a rare proliferation of malignant tissue histiocytes that is usually primary, although secondary HS exists and often demonstrates mutations in the Ras/Raf/MAPK or PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathways, but HS with indeterminate dendritic cell (IDC) features has not been previously reported. A 77-year-old man with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) presented with an oropharyngeal mass. Biopsy specimen showed large atypical histiocytic cells with oval-to-irregular indented nuclei. They were positive for CD33, CD4, CD68 (subset, weak), CD163 (subset, weak), BCL6, S100 (subset), CD1a, cyclin D1 (subset), and lysozyme (weak) but negative for Langerin, BRAF V600E, CD21, CD23, CD35, CD123, TCF4, TCL1, MPO, CD20, CD79a, CD10, MUM1, and BCL2. The patient was diagnosed with secondary HS with IDC features as well as chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) in the bone marrow. Careful genomic dissection of all 3 types of malignant cells showed that SF3B1 p.E622D was present in both CLL and HS but not CMML. In addition, the HS acquired KRAS p.G13D, which we hypothesize drove the transdifferentiation of CLL to HS. Moreover, next-generation sequencing (NGS) clonotypic evaluation of variable-diversity-joining (VDJ) rearrangements in both the HS and CLL established relatedness but not the CMML.Conclusion: This is the first report of secondary HS with IDC features arising from CLL. We establish by both IGH NGS analysis and mutational profiling that the CLL and HS are clonally-related and posit that acquisition of KRAS p.G13D drove transdifferentiation. This has therapeutic implications for targeting the RAS-BRAF-MAPK-ERK pathway.},
}

Humans
*Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/pathology/genetics
*Histiocytic Sarcoma/pathology/genetics
Male
Aged
*Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras)/genetics/metabolism
*Dendritic Cells/pathology
*Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/pathology/genetics
Mutation
Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics

@article {pmid40419691,
year = {2025},
author = {Shallah, AB and Zubir, F and Rahim, MKA and Jizat, NM and Basit, A and Yusof, KH and Majid, HA},
title = {Compact dual band crossover for 5G low and mid band applications using a metamaterial branch line coupler.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {18425},
pmid = {40419691},
issn = {2045-2322},
support = {R.J090301.7823.4J610//Higher Institution Centre of Excellence, Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia, Wireless Communication Centre, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia/ ; R.J090301.7823.4J610//Higher Institution Centre of Excellence, Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia, Wireless Communication Centre, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia/ ; R.J090301.7823.4J610//Higher Institution Centre of Excellence, Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia, Wireless Communication Centre, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia/ ; Q.J130000.3823.23H92//UTM Fundamental Research/ ; Q.J130000.3823.23H92//UTM Fundamental Research/ ; Q.J130000.3823.23H92//UTM Fundamental Research/ ; Q.J130000.3823.23H92//UTM Fundamental Research/ ; Q.J130000.3823.23H92//UTM Fundamental Research/ ; },
abstract = {This research paper introduces a compact dual-band crossover designed for the low and mid-band 5G frequencies at 0.7 GHz and 3.5 GHz. The innovative design is achieved by cascading two dual band branch-line couplers (BLCs), which utilize T-shaped transmission lines (TLs) with folded arms and stubs to reduce their overall footprint significantly. Additionally, the integration of metamaterial (MTM) structures, incorporating interdigital capacitor (IDC) unit cells, contributes to an impressive 90% size reduction compared to conventional components. The BLC's and crossover's performances were rigorously evaluated using CST Microwave Studio (CST MWS) simulations. Following successful simulations, the BLC and crossover were fabricated on a Rogers Duroid/RT5880 substrate, characterized by a dielectric constant of 2.2 and a thickness of 0.787 mm. A thorough comparative analysis between the simulated and measured results, alongside similar reported works, signifies the exceptional performance of the proposed BLC and crossover. These findings confirm their suitability for sub-6 GHz 5G frequency spectrum applications.},
}

@article {pmid40427132,
year = {2025},
author = {Alloush, F and Bahmad, HF and Deb, A and Ocejo, S and Valencia, AK and Abulaban, A and Krishnamurthy, K and Alghamdi, S and Poppiti, R},
title = {Influence of Cancerization of Lobules in Ductal Carcinoma In Situ of the Breast on the Pathological Outcomes in Mastectomy Specimens.},
journal = {Cancers},
volume = {17},
number = {10},
pages = {},
pmid = {40427132},
issn = {2072-6694},
abstract = {Cancerization of lobules (COL) is defined as the involvement of lobular acini by ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). Whether it represents a morphological variation in DCIS or a secondary extension of DCIS into lobules is debatable. The relation between COL and the probability of invasion is conflicting among different studies. We assessed if COL is a predictor of adverse pathological outcomes in mastectomy specimens. We reviewed the clinicopathological data of patients who underwent partial or total mastectomy for DCIS during a 3-year period (January 2015 until December 2017). Pathological parameters and follow-up data were collected. Whole-tissue hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) slides were reviewed and re-evaluated for COL. Cases with COL were stained immunohistochemically for E-cadherin and p120 to confirm the ductal phenotype of the neoplasms. In total, 171 mastectomies were identified including 65 specimens with pure DCIS and 106 specimens with DCIS with invasive carcinoma. COL was identified in 73 specimens. COL was significantly associated with adverse pathological outcomes including higher DCIS nuclear grade (p-value = 0.006), central (expansive "comedo") necrosis (p-value = 0.008), presence of DCIS within or less than 2 mm from the surgical resection margin(s) (p-value = 0.004), higher percentage of blocks/slides with DCIS (p-value < 0.001), and extensive intraductal component (EIC) (applicable in cases with invasion) (p-value < 0.001). Invasion was seen in approximately two-thirds of the cases regardless of the presence of COL, with no statistical significance. Ninety-eight patients achieved 60 months of follow-up, of which only one patient developed local DCIS recurrence and had COL and EIC. Four other patients developed metastatic disease related to the invasive component. While other studies have previously hypothesized that COL may be associated with a worse pathological outcome at mastectomy, our results show that it may indeed be a measure of a higher disease burden representing EIC; however, it is not associated with an increased risk of detecting invasive carcinoma.},
}

@article {pmid40433185,
year = {2025},
author = {Rezaianzadeh, A and Hosseini-Bensenjan, M and Sephidbakht, S and Haghpanah, S and Khosravizadegan, Z and Asmarian, N and Ramzi, M},
title = {Bayesian Spatial Analysis of the Incidence Rate of Patients with Breast Cancer in Southern Iran.},
journal = {Iranian journal of medical sciences},
volume = {50},
number = {5},
pages = {316-323},
pmid = {40433185},
issn = {1735-3688},
mesh = {Humans ; *Breast Neoplasms/epidemiology ; Female ; Iran/epidemiology ; Incidence ; Bayes Theorem ; Adult ; Spatial Analysis ; Middle Aged ; Registries/statistics & numerical data ; Cohort Studies ; Risk Factors ; Aged ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: In the female population, breast cancer is the most common cancer and a leading cause of cancer death. This study was designed to investigate the geographical pattern of breast cancer risk in different counties of Fars province in the south of Iran from 2001 to 2018.

METHODS: In this historical cohort study, data of Shiraz Population-Based Cancer Registry between 2001 and 2018 was used. The geographical variations of breast cancer incidence rate in 36 counties of Fars province were analyzed using the Bayesian spatiotemporal model.

RESULTS: Overall, the averages of relative risk (RR), temporal trend (TT), and δi for breast cancer were 1.59, 1.025, and 0.00 in the total female population; 1.21, 1.002, and 0.00 in the young female population (under 40 years of age); and 1.54, 1.02, and 0.00 in the female population with invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC), respectively. The steady increase in RR of breast cancer and IDC during 2001-2018 was observed in most counties located in the non-central part of the Fars geographic map. Moreover, a steady increase of young breast cancer RR was observed mainly in southern regions and some northern cities of Fars province.

CONCLUSION: Between 2001 and 2018 in Fars province, a steady annual increase of approximately 2% was observed in the total female population for all types of breast cancer, including IDC. High-risk areas, TTs, and changing patterns of breast cancer incidence were determined in this region. Furthermore, areas with a high risk of young breast cancer were identified, which requires special attention.},
}

Humans
*Breast Neoplasms/epidemiology
Female
Iran/epidemiology
Incidence
Bayes Theorem
Adult
Spatial Analysis
Middle Aged
Registries/statistics & numerical data
Cohort Studies
Risk Factors
Aged

@article {pmid40437613,
year = {2025},
author = {Zheng, Y and Tang, H and Liu, Q and Zhang, Y and Zhao, P and Zhang, S and Wang, C},
title = {Mutational analysis and protein expression of PI3K/AKT pathway in four mucinous cystadenocarcinoma of the breast.},
journal = {Diagnostic pathology},
volume = {20},
number = {1},
pages = {68},
pmid = {40437613},
issn = {1746-1596},
support = {81672606//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; ZR2022MH206//Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; *Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism/genetics ; Middle Aged ; *Cystadenocarcinoma, Mucinous/genetics/pathology ; *Breast Neoplasms/genetics/pathology ; DNA Mutational Analysis ; Mutation ; *Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics/analysis ; Aged ; Adult ; *Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/metabolism/genetics ; Signal Transduction ; Immunohistochemistry ; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing ; },
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Primary mucinous cystadenocarcinoma of the breast (BMCA) is a rare neoplasm with few reports in the literature. Its molecular characteristics, prognosis, and treatment protocols are not well understood, and there is a lack of consensus concerning the optimal management of this condition.

METHODS: Four cases of clinical and pathological data were collected from 2018 to 2024. Next generation sequencing with a 654 cancer-associated gene panel was utilized to detect gene mutations. Immunohistochemistry was carried out to evaluate protein expression levels.

RESULTS: Firstly, we combined clinical imaging examinations and IHC to exclude the possibility of metastasis from ovarian or pancreatic origins. BMCA was composed of cystically dilated ducts lined by tall columnar mucin-containing epithelium. The morphological spectrum of MCA varied from MCA alone to MCA combined with carcinoma in situ (CIS) to MCA associated with invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC). ER/PR/HER2 and CK20 were all negative, while CK7 and GATA3 were positive by IHC in four cases. Although the prognosis of the other three patients was favorable during the follow-up periods of 13, 10, and 3 months, respectively, case 2# experienced a recurrence of the primary focus after 42 months. No lymphatic metastasis was identified in cases 1-4#. In addition, next-generation sequencing (NGS) identified 17 mutated genes and 25 mutation sites in four cases. TP53, PIK3CA, AKT, PTEN, and RB1 were the highest frequency mutated genes. Given that AKT mutations typically refer to AKT1(E17K) rather than AKT2 or AKT3, AKT protein expression was detected only in Case 2# (AKT1, E17K). PTEN protein was expressed in case 4# (corresponded to missense mutation), loss of PTEN expression were corresponding with splicing mutation in case1#. In brief, AKT and PTEN protein expression could be corresponded to gene mutation in a certain extent. However, PIK3CA protein expression was positive in Case 2# but negative in Case 1#, which did not fully accordance with the NGS-detected missense mutations. No associated germline variations were detected. Additionally, neither PDL-1 expression nor microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) status was identified.

CONCLUSION: The tumorigenesis and development of BMCA may be regulated to the PI3K/AKT pathway. Consequently, a comprehensive genetic analysis of more cases could elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying this rare tumor.},
}

Humans
Female
*Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism/genetics
Middle Aged
*Cystadenocarcinoma, Mucinous/genetics/pathology
*Breast Neoplasms/genetics/pathology
DNA Mutational Analysis
Mutation
*Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics/analysis
Aged
Adult
*Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/metabolism/genetics
Signal Transduction
Immunohistochemistry
High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing

@article {pmid40439394,
year = {2025},
author = {Khan, L and Khan, M and Shakeel, F and Ali, T and Hina, M and Arif, A and Rahim Sarfaraz, F and Tariq, M and Hafiz, A and Qureshi, BM and Abbasi, AN and Ali, N},
title = {Effect of DIBH Coaching on Dosimetric Parameters of Heart and Lung Doses in Patients Undergoing Adjuvant Breast Radiotherapy.},
journal = {Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP},
volume = {26},
number = {5},
pages = {1809-1813},
pmid = {40439394},
issn = {2476-762X},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; Middle Aged ; *Heart/radiation effects ; Radiotherapy, Adjuvant/adverse effects/methods ; *Lung/radiation effects ; *Unilateral Breast Neoplasms/radiotherapy ; Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted/methods ; Radiotherapy Dosage ; *Organs at Risk/radiation effects ; *Breath Holding ; Follow-Up Studies ; *Mentoring/methods ; Adult ; *Breast Neoplasms/radiotherapy ; *Radiation Injuries/prevention & control/etiology ; Prognosis ; },
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Radiation exposure to the heart in women with left-sided breast cancer can lead to cardiac disease and increased mortality. Several techniques, including deep inspiration breath hold (DIBH), have been used to reduce cardiac exposure during radiotherapy. DIBH coaching prior to radiation planning can further reduce cardiac doses. This study aims to compare heart and lung dosimetric parameters between coached and non-coached patients using the DIBH technique for left-sided breast cancer treatment.

METHODS: All patients with left-sided breast cancer who received adjuvant radiotherapy (RT) using the DIBH were included. The first cohort, designated as the non-coached group, received verbal guidance on the breath hold technique but did not undergo formal coaching. The second cohort involved a comprehensive coaching protocol, which began in January 2022. This protocol, led by a physician, included demonstrations and instructions for performing the DIBH technique in the clinic and encouraged patients to practice at home before and during RT to optimize cardiac protection.

RESULTS: A total of 40 patients met the inclusion criteria for the study, with a mean age of 45.7 ± 8.38 years. Most patients had IDC and Stage II disease, and radiation was primarily delivered using 3DCRT with 4256 cGy in 16 fractions regimes. In terms of cardiac dose exposure, coached patients had slightly lower mean and maximum point cardiac doses, but these differences were not statistically significant. Coached patients also had a significantly lower mean V17 for left lung volume exposure compared to non-coached patients (18.3 vs. 21.6, p < 0.05).

CONCLUSION: DIBH coaching and home practice prior to RT planning can further reduce cardiac and lung doses, offering a cost-effective intervention, particularly in resource-limited settings, though further controlled studies with larger sample sizes and longer follow-up are needed to assess its clinical impact.},
}

Humans
Female
Middle Aged
*Heart/radiation effects
Radiotherapy, Adjuvant/adverse effects/methods
*Lung/radiation effects
*Unilateral Breast Neoplasms/radiotherapy
Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted/methods
Radiotherapy Dosage
*Organs at Risk/radiation effects
*Breath Holding
Follow-Up Studies
*Mentoring/methods
Adult
*Breast Neoplasms/radiotherapy
*Radiation Injuries/prevention & control/etiology
Prognosis

@article {pmid40441223,
year = {2025},
author = {Ma, X and Shi, W and Ren, N and Zhang, Y and Tian, X},
title = {Invasive ductal breast cancer with focal mucinous differentiation in a 38-year-old woman: Case report and literature review.},
journal = {Medicine},
volume = {104},
number = {22},
pages = {e42465},
pmid = {40441223},
issn = {1536-5964},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; *Breast Neoplasms/pathology/surgery/diagnostic imaging ; Adult ; *Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology/surgery/diagnostic imaging ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; *Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous/pathology/surgery ; },
abstract = {RATIONALE: Breast cancer (BC) is a common malignant tumor with a poor prognosis that requires early treatment. Invasive ductal BC with focal mucinous differentiation in a 38-year-old woman is rarely reported.

PATIENT CONCERNS: A 38-year-old woman presented to our clinic 3 months after discovering a breast mass that had increased in size during this period. Enhanced computed tomography showed an irregular mass with lobulated edges and burrs at the 9 o'clock position on the patient's right breast. An early enhanced scan showed significant heterogeneous enhancement with continuous enhancement.

DIAGNOSES: The patient's postoperative pathology suggested that the patient had an infiltrating ductal BC with focal mucinous differentiation.

INTERVENTIONS: The patient underwent right breast mass resection first. After the pathological diagnosis was confirmed, the patient underwent right breast resection and right axillary lymph node dissection.

OUTCOMES: The patient's postoperative recovery was good. To date, the patient has not experienced any symptoms of recurrence.

LESSONS: Owing to the poor prognosis of BC, patients with abnormal breast masses should be diagnosed and treated as soon as possible. Further prognosis research on the invasive ductal carcinoma with focal mucinous differentiation occurring in young individuals is warranted.},
}

Humans
Female
*Breast Neoplasms/pathology/surgery/diagnostic imaging
Adult
*Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology/surgery/diagnostic imaging
Tomography, X-Ray Computed
*Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous/pathology/surgery

@article {pmid40449850,
year = {2025},
author = {Dubois, C and Chesnel, C and Teng, M and Vivier, M and Noël, C and Amarenco, G and Hentzen, C},
title = {Effect on sensory and motor parameters of a first intradetrusor botulinum neurotoxin A injection in patients with neurogenic bladder: A retrospective study.},
journal = {The French journal of urology},
volume = {35},
number = {8},
pages = {102914},
doi = {10.1016/j.fjurol.2025.102914},
pmid = {40449850},
issn = {2950-3930},
mesh = {Humans ; Retrospective Studies ; *Botulinum Toxins, Type A/administration & dosage/therapeutic use ; Female ; Male ; Middle Aged ; *Urinary Bladder, Neurogenic/drug therapy/physiopathology/etiology ; Adult ; *Neuromuscular Agents/administration & dosage ; *Urinary Bladder, Overactive/drug therapy/etiology/physiopathology ; Urodynamics/drug effects ; Aged ; Urinary Bladder/drug effects/innervation/physiopathology ; Injections, Intramuscular ; Administration, Intravesical ; Treatment Outcome ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Overactive bladder (OAB) is common in suprasacral neurological disorders and often associated with detrusor overactivity (DO). Botulinum neurotoxin A (BoNT-A) is a second-line treatment inducing reversible chemical denervation. While its motor effects are well documented, its impact on sensory parameters in neurogenic bladder dysfunction remains poorly understood.

AIM: To evaluate sensory and motor bladder changes following BoNT-A injection in neurogenic DO (NDO).

METHOD: This retrospective single-center study included patients with NDO who received a first BoNT-A injection (from 2015 to 2024). Urodynamic assessments were performed pre- and 2-6months post-injection. Changes in OAB symptoms and urodynamic parameters were analyzed, including sensory (first desire to void [FDV], strong desire to void [SDV]), and motor parameters (DO occurrence, volume at first involuntary detrusor contraction (IDC)).

RESULTS: Among 90 patients (mean age 50.4±15.6years, 61% female, 53 with multiple sclerosis, 35 with spinal cord injury), urgency and urgency urinary incontinence significantly decreased (from 84% to 52% and from 80% to 42%, respectively; P<0.001). DO occurrence declined from 97% to 42% (P<0.001). Bladder sensations (FDV and SDV) persisted in 84% of patients but were significantly delayed.

CONCLUSION: BoNT-A is an effective treatment for neurogenic overactive bladder in multiple sclerosis and spinal cord injury, improving both urgency and urinary incontinence. Its clinical efficacy is associated with resolution of detrusor overactivity, alongside with sensory changes. Preserved but delayed filling sensations after treatment suggests that BoNT-A may modulate afferent signaling. However, whether its clinical benefits are primarily driven by sensory modulation or motor inhibition remains uncertain.},
}

Humans
Retrospective Studies
*Botulinum Toxins, Type A/administration & dosage/therapeutic use
Female
Male
Middle Aged
*Urinary Bladder, Neurogenic/drug therapy/physiopathology/etiology
Adult
*Neuromuscular Agents/administration & dosage
*Urinary Bladder, Overactive/drug therapy/etiology/physiopathology
Urodynamics/drug effects
Aged
Urinary Bladder/drug effects/innervation/physiopathology
Injections, Intramuscular
Administration, Intravesical
Treatment Outcome

@article {pmid40452312,
year = {2025},
author = {Grypari, IM and Pomoni, A and Tzelepi, V},
title = {Intraductal carcinoma of the prostate: A comprehensive literature review focused on grading challenges and controversies.},
journal = {Histology and histopathology},
volume = {40},
number = {12},
pages = {1869-1888},
pmid = {40452312},
issn = {1699-5848},
mesh = {Humans ; Male ; Neoplasm Grading ; *Prostatic Neoplasms/pathology ; *Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/pathology ; },
abstract = {Intraductal carcinoma of the prostate (IDC-P) is characterized by neoplastic cell proliferation within pre-existing ducts or acini, exhibiting architectural and cytological atypia exceeding that of high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia. Its presence in needle biopsies and prostatectomies is associated with adverse clinical and pathological features, including large tumor volume, high grade, advanced stage, early biochemical recurrence, and intrinsic resistance to systemic therapy. Although rare, IDC-P can occasionally occur without concurrent invasive cancer or be associated with low-grade prostate cancer. Molecularly, IDC-P resembles its associated invasive carcinoma, sharing alterations typical of high-grade aggressive tumors. These findings support the hypothesis that IDC-P arises from the retrograde spread of invasive carcinoma, with ducts providing a protective niche against the tumor microenvironment. In contrast, isolated IDC-P and IDC-P associated with low-grade invasive carcinoma may represent precursor lesions. IDC-P must be distinguished from other intraductal lesions, both benign and malignant, particularly in needle biopsies, as its detection impacts therapeutic decisions. While grading does not apply to isolated IDC-P, there is an ongoing debate regarding IDC-P with synchronous invasive cancer. The International Society of Urological Pathology (2019) recommends incorporating IDC-P into Gleason score calculations, whereas the Genitourinary Pathology Society advises against grading it at all. Both approaches have merit, but further validation studies focusing on cases where IDC-P inclusion alters the final grade, though uncommon, are warranted.},
}

Humans
Male
Neoplasm Grading
*Prostatic Neoplasms/pathology
*Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/pathology

@article {pmid40452670,
year = {2025},
author = {Nishiyori, R and Goto-Umeki, M and Fujinaga-Tada, M and Takumi, Y and Osoegawa, A and Furukawa, R and Oyama, Y and Sakai, T and Hatano, Y},
title = {A Rare Case of Male Breast Cancer Presenting as a Superficial Pigmented Nipple Tumor: The Importance of a Deep Excisional Biopsy and Immunohistochemical Analysis in Diagnosis.},
journal = {Cureus},
volume = {17},
number = {5},
pages = {e83353},
pmid = {40452670},
issn = {2168-8184},
abstract = {Nipple lesions present diagnostic challenges due to overlapping clinical and histopathological features. A 65-year-old male presented with a black skin lesion on his right nipple, initially suspected to be malignant melanoma. Dermoscopy suggested basal cell carcinoma, while punch biopsy findings indicated sweat gland carcinoma with negative mammaglobin staining. However, total resection revealed cord-like invasion into the deep dermis near the mammary gland, and immunohistochemistry showed mammaglobin positivity, leading to a final diagnosis of solid-type invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast. This case highlights the diagnostic challenges of male nipple tumors and underscores the need for thorough histopathological and deep-layer assessment to distinguish breast cancer from cutaneous malignancies.},
}

@article {pmid40455366,
year = {2025},
author = {Qiu, X and Tian, B and Gu, Y and Yin, K and Zhao, J and Wang, J},
title = {Novel nomograms for predicting overall survival and cancer-specific survival in invasive lobular carcinoma of the breast.},
journal = {Discover oncology},
volume = {16},
number = {1},
pages = {984},
pmid = {40455366},
issn = {2730-6011},
support = {TRYJ2021JC18//Screening and preliminary functional analysis of specific metabolites of breast malignant tumors/ ; },
abstract = {PURPOSE: Currently, the clinical diagnosis and treatment for invasive lobular carcinoma of the breast (ILC) often draw on the treatment approaches used for invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC), despite significant differences between the two. Studies evaluating the risk and prognosis of ILC are limited; thus, our goal was to construct a predictive model for the prognosis of ILC.

METHODS: Clinical data of patients diagnosed with unilateral primary ILC from 2010 to 2015 were acquired from the SEER database. Independent prognostic factors affecting patients' overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) were determined through univariate and multivariate analyses based on COX proportional hazards model and Fine-Gray competing risks model. Nomograms were constructed to forecast the 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year OS and CSS of the patients.

RESULTS: A total of 6,616 patients with ILC were included, with 1,083 deaths, of which 541 were attributed to ILC, and 542 to other causes. The univariate and multivariate analyses indicated that age, N stage, stage, surgery, PR status, radiotherapy, and brain metastasis are independent risk factors for OS of ILC patients, while age, N stage, stage, surgery, PR status, and brain metastasis are independent risk factors for CSS of ILC patients. The C-index, area under the ROC curve, and calibration curve of the 1-, 3-, and 5-year OS and CSS prediction models confirmed that it had good predictive capability.

CONCLUSIONS: This study has developed subtype-specific predictive models for OS and CSS of patients with ILC, offering clinicians a regimen. Reference for assessing patient prognosis and formulating individualized treatment.},
}

@article {pmid40460639,
year = {2025},
author = {Shekhar Das, H and Borah, K and Bora, K},
title = {Ensemble learning approach for detecting breast invasive ductal carcinoma from histopathological images.},
journal = {Pathology, research and practice},
volume = {272},
number = {},
pages = {156041},
doi = {10.1016/j.prp.2025.156041},
pmid = {40460639},
issn = {1618-0631},
mesh = {Humans ; *Breast Neoplasms/pathology/diagnosis ; Female ; *Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology/diagnosis ; *Deep Learning ; Neural Networks, Computer ; *Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted/methods ; Algorithms ; Ensemble Learning ; },
abstract = {Invasive ductal carcinoma is a type of breast cancer that is one of the most frequent and aggressive forms of breast malignancy, necessitating accurate and timely diagnosis for effective treatment. Though considered the gold standard, traditional histopathological diagnosis is subject to inter-observer and intra-observer variability, potentially impacting patient outcomes. This study proposed an ensemble learning approach for classifying invasive ductal carcinoma to address these challenges. The proposed method combines the strengths of multiple deep-learning models to enhance diagnostic accuracy and robustness. We employed a diverse set of pre-trained convolutional neural networks, viz, ResNet50, Xception, MobileNetV2, VGG16, and VGG19, each trained on histopathological images of breast histology slides. These five different deep learning models were compared in this work, and the resulting inference results are also shown. Ensemble and a fine-tuning approach to transfer learning were also used to extract the best results. These models were evaluated using evaluation metrics like accuracy to see which one does the job best. The proposed weighted average ensemble algorithm achieved 97.27 % accuracy. Among all models, the ResNet50 model outperforms the other models in identifying invasive ductal carcinoma. Therefore, ResNet50 is the preferred model when accuracy is the top concern for a particular resolution image, and the weighted average ensemble approach enhances the performance of the proposed work. Our results indicate that the proposed ensemble approach decreases variability in diagnoses and advancements in accuracy. This method holds promise for enhancing the precision of breast cancer diagnostics, potentially leading to better patient management and outcomes.},
}

Humans
*Breast Neoplasms/pathology/diagnosis
Female
*Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology/diagnosis
*Deep Learning
Neural Networks, Computer
*Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted/methods
Algorithms
Ensemble Learning

@article {pmid40464172,
year = {2025},
author = {Choi, S and Choi, EJ and Kim, BR and Kim, KM},
title = {An Unusual Occurrence of Synchronous Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Invasive Ductal Carcinoma in the Ipsilateral Breast: A Case Report.},
journal = {Current medical imaging},
volume = {21},
number = {},
pages = {10.2174/0115734056373786250527105407},
pmid = {40464172},
issn = {1573-4056},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; Middle Aged ; *Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/diagnostic imaging/pathology/surgery ; *Neoplasms, Multiple Primary/diagnostic imaging/pathology/surgery ; *Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/diagnostic imaging/pathology/surgery ; *Breast Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging/pathology/surgery ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Contrast Media ; Breast/diagnostic imaging/surgery/pathology ; Ultrasonography, Mammary ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The synchronous occurrence of primary pure squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) of the breast is rare. Accurate identification of synchronous primary malignancies is crucial because their prognosis and treatment differ significantly from recurrent diseases. Herein, we present an unusual case highlighting the synchronous development of primary SCC and IDC in the ipsilateral breast.

CASE REPORT: A 48-year-old woman presented with a palpable mass in her right breast. Preoperative dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) demonstrated an irregularly shaped mass with internal rim enhancement. Surgical resection confirmed IDC of nuclear grade 3 with a high proliferation index (Ki-67: 70%), and the patient underwent adjuvant chemotherapy without radiation. Five months postoperation, a chest computed tomography (CT) revealed a new round-shaped lesion with rim enhancement and relatively circumscribed margins near the previous operation site. Breast ultrasound additionally identified a complex cystic and solid mass with an echogenic rind and increased vascularity. Following total resection, a pure squamous cell carcinoma with prominent keratinization was confirmed.

CONCLUSION: Accurate and early diagnosis of synchronous multiple primary malignancies from recurrence of the primary tumor is critical for improving prognosis by establishing an appropriate treatment and follow-up plan. Recognizing complex cystic and solid masses with relatively circumscribed margins on radiological imaging can assist clinicians in identifying and managing rare cases where IDC and SCC coexist or appear sequentially within a short period.},
}

Humans
Female
Middle Aged
*Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/diagnostic imaging/pathology/surgery
*Neoplasms, Multiple Primary/diagnostic imaging/pathology/surgery
*Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/diagnostic imaging/pathology/surgery
*Breast Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging/pathology/surgery
Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods
Tomography, X-Ray Computed
Contrast Media
Breast/diagnostic imaging/surgery/pathology
Ultrasonography, Mammary

@article {pmid40468339,
year = {2025},
author = {Irandoust, K and Alipour, V and Arabloo, J and Nahvijou, A and Akbari, A},
title = {Economic burden of five common cancers in Iran: a systematic review of cost-of-illness with a focus on healthcare resource utilization.},
journal = {BMC health services research},
volume = {25},
number = {1},
pages = {800},
pmid = {40468339},
issn = {1472-6963},
mesh = {Humans ; Iran/epidemiology ; *Cost of Illness ; *Breast Neoplasms/economics ; Male ; *Stomach Neoplasms/economics ; *Prostatic Neoplasms/economics ; *Colorectal Neoplasms/economics ; *Lung Neoplasms/economics ; Female ; *Neoplasms/economics ; *Health Care Costs/statistics & numerical data ; *Patient Acceptance of Health Care/statistics & numerical data ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: According to the latest World Health Organization report, approximately half of the new cancer cases in Iran are attributed to five common cancers: gastric, breast, colorectal, lung, and prostate cancer. These cancers impose a heavy economic burden on healthcare systems and society, including direct medical costs (DMC), direct non-medical costs (DNMC), and indirect costs (IDC). This systematic review aimed to investigate the economic burden of these cancers in Iran.

METHODS: This systematic review was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines. The search strategy was developed using MeSH terms, Emtree, and previous literature. To identify relevant studies published up until December 27, 2023, searches were conducted in both international databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane, and the NHS Economic Evaluation Database) and national databases (SID, Magiran, and IranMedex). After removing duplicates and screening studies using Endnote software, eligible studies were selected for inclusion in the review. The costs were converted to USD 2021 using the CCEMG-EPPI-Centre cost converter.

RESULTS: A total of 22 studies were included in this review. Breast and colorectal cancer each had 4 studies, while prostate, gastric, and lung cancer each had 3 studies. The remaining 5 studies covered a combination of multiple cancers. Converting the costs from different studies to USD 2021 showed that the average annual DMC per patient with breast cancer varied from $13,954 to $34,772. These costs ranged from $14,671 to $28,656 for colorectal cancer, $7,970 to $16,821 for prostate cancer, $12,206 to $17,681 for gastric cancer, and $9,369 to $40,682 for lung cancer. Part of these variations may be related to differences in healthcare resource utilization, while another part may be due to differences in cost calculation methodology, study perspective, and study location. Additional cost conversion findings showed that in 85% of the studies, the average annual DNMC per patient for all cancers were estimated to be less than $4,000. Furthermore, the average annual IDC per patient for breast and lung cancer were estimated to be as high as $100,000 due to high mortality, compared to less than $30,000 for other cancers.

CONCLUSIONS: Given the high prevalence of these five cancers in Iran, their economic burden is significant. Policymakers should focus not only on reducing the disease burden but also on minimizing the economic burden of cancer. Strategies such as improving early detection, optimizing treatment pathways, and implementing cost-effective interventions could help reduce both healthcare costs and the overall financial strain on patients and the healthcare system.},
}

Humans
Iran/epidemiology
*Cost of Illness
*Breast Neoplasms/economics
Male
*Stomach Neoplasms/economics
*Prostatic Neoplasms/economics
*Colorectal Neoplasms/economics
*Lung Neoplasms/economics
Female
*Neoplasms/economics
*Health Care Costs/statistics & numerical data
*Patient Acceptance of Health Care/statistics & numerical data

@article {pmid40469550,
year = {2025},
author = {Mattia, A and Alomari, M and Hyjazie, T and Devisetti, N and Shen, Y and Haykal, S},
title = {Breast Reconstruction in De Novo Metastatic Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review.},
journal = {Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open},
volume = {13},
number = {6},
pages = {e6810},
pmid = {40469550},
issn = {2169-7574},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Breast reconstruction in de novo metastatic breast cancer (dnMBC) patients is a viable option. There remains no consensus on recommendations. We summarize postreconstruction clinical outcomes in dnMBC patients to identify surgical candidates.

METHODS: A systematic review was conducted across PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science from January 1, 1990, to November 1, 2024. The study methods were in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Data on patient demographics, disease characteristics, oncological treatment, surgical details, and clinical outcomes were collected.

RESULTS: A total of 7 studies (2635 breast cancer survivors) were identified. The average (SD) age was 47.5 (2.35) years, and most participants were White (n = 2080, 79.3%). Across studies, 39.0% (n = 761) of patients underwent implant-based reconstruction, 38.8% (n = 757) autologous reconstruction, 5.99% (n = 117) combined reconstruction, and 16.4% (n = 320) were not specified. Most cancers were invasive ductal carcinoma (81.3%) with estrogen-positive (73.1%) or progesterone-positive (48.4%) receptors and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive (33.7%) status. Primary tumors most often metastasized to bone (44.4%) or lymph nodes (38.5%). Overall survival and breast cancer-specific survival rates were prolonged among reconstructed patients without increased predilection for complications or delay in tumor treatment.

CONCLUSIONS: Reconstruction in dnMBC patients is an appropriate option, especially among younger patients with oligometastatic disease. Future studies are encouraged to investigate the impact on well-being and prolonged survival rates, which primarily seem to be limited to those with low disease burden and hormone receptor-positive tumor subtypes.},
}

@article {pmid40469556,
year = {2025},
author = {Suzuki, A and Komiya, T and Fujita, H and Shimada, K and Nonaka, M and Hanano, M and Takeishi, M and Ishikawa, T and Matsumura, H},
title = {Surgical Site Infection Owing to Mycobacterium mageritense After Immediate Breast Reconstruction Using a Deep Inferior Epigastric Perforator Flap.},
journal = {Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open},
volume = {13},
number = {6},
pages = {e6823},
pmid = {40469556},
issn = {2169-7574},
abstract = {Mycobacterium mageritense is a rare, rapidly growing, nontuberculosis mycobacterium that belongs to type IV of the rapidly growing mycobacteria. These bacteria are found in soil and water, and cause localized skin and soft tissue infections; however, they are challenging to culture, leading to diagnostic delays. To our knowledge, there have been 12 reported cases of surgical site infections (SSIs) caused by M. mageritense, with only 2 cases following breast reconstruction. A 51-year-old woman underwent nipple-sparing mastectomy and immediate breast reconstruction using a deep inferior epigastric perforator flap for invasive ductal carcinoma of the left breast. One month after surgery, she developed an SSI caused by M. mageritense. Despite initial outpatient treatment, the infection persisted, requiring multiple hospitalizations, administration of intravenous antibiotics, and several debridements under general anesthesia. Negative pressure wound therapy and a coordinated approach among various medical specialties are essential for managing infections. The patient experienced side effects from prolonged antibiotic use but eventually exhibited no signs of infection recurrence. This case highlights the challenges in diagnosing and treating M. mageritense SSIs, emphasizing the need for comprehensive surgical and medical management, together with patient-centered care, to effectively manage long-term treatment.},
}

@article {pmid40470186,
year = {2025},
author = {Dahms, PA and Hinckley, B and Prekeris, R and Behbod, F and Lyons, TR},
title = {Semaphorin-7A promotes macrophage-mediated mammary epithelial and ductal carcinoma in situ invasion.},
journal = {Research square},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {40470186},
issn = {2693-5015},
support = {R01 CA211696/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States ; R21 CA185226/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States ; P30 CA046934/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States ; R01 HD108335/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States ; R01 GM122768/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/United States ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) accounts for 20-30% of all breast cancer diagnoses. Considered stage 0, DCIS is contained in the ducts by the myoepithelium that surround the luminal cells in the mammary gland. DCIS can progress to invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) if the tumor cells break through the myoepithelium and invade the surrounding breast tissue. While 30-50% of DCIS tumors will progress to IDC, a majority will remain in a DCIS-like state. The mechanisms that drive this progression are not completely understood. There is currently no clinically recognized biomarker for predicting risk of DCIS progression. Therefore, all DCIS tumors are treated with standard of care, resulting in overtreatment. We have previously identified independent roles for semaphorin-7A (SEMA7A) and collagen in promoting DCIS progression to IDC.

METHODS: To investigate the relationship between SEMA7A and collagen remodeling in the mammary gland, we utilized patient tissues and mouse models of normal development and DCIS progression as well as a novel SEMA7A-blocking antibody.

RESULTS: We show that SEMA7A increases in patient samples of DCIS compared to matched normal tissues and in IDC compared to matched DCIS and normal tissues. This increase was correlated with the presence of CD68 + macrophages. Using puberty in the mammary gland as a model for normal epithelial invasion facilitated by macrophages, we show SEMA7A knockout mice exhibit delayed ductal elongation as well as decreased macrophages. Additionally, our SEMA7A-blocking antibody in a mouse model of DCIS decreased invasive tumor phenotypes and decreased organized collagen around the tumor. The invasive tumors had increased collagen and macrophage influx in the tumor. Finally, we show that SEMA7A activates an AKT/GSK3β/β-catenin signaling pathway within macrophages to promote expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the matrix remodeling enzyme MMP9 to facilitate invasion.

CONCLUSIONS: Our results demonstrate that SEMA7A regulates normal and transformed epithelial cell invasion through regulation of pro-invasive matrix remodeling via macrophages. Our studies also suggest that SEMA7A expression, macrophage phenotype, and collagen structure may be a predictor of risk for DCIS invasion. Thus, blocking SEMA7A may be a novel therapeutic strategy for high-risk DCIS patients to slow or prevent progression of disease.},
}

@article {pmid40470417,
year = {2025},
author = {Matsuo, T and Tanaka, T and Shien, T and Muraoka, A and Doihara, H},
title = {Detailed Ophthalmic and Pathological Features of Choroidal Metastasis From Breast Cancer: A Case Series of Five Patients.},
journal = {Cureus},
volume = {17},
number = {5},
pages = {e83484},
pmid = {40470417},
issn = {2168-8184},
abstract = {Breast cancer causes choroidal metastases on rare occasions. This study presented the eye manifestations of choroidal metastases from breast cancer and their response to treatments in detail as well as their pathological correlation in five patients. The patients' age at the diagnosis of breast cancer ranged from 24 to 69 years (median: 37 years). The time from the diagnosis of breast cancer to the detection of metastases was concurrent in one patient, two years later in three patients, and six years later in the other patient. The time from the detection of systemic metastases to the detection of choroidal metastases was the same in one patient, while it ranged from one to seven years later in four patients. Choroidal metastases were in the unilateral eye of four patients, whereas they were in both eyes of one patient. Choroidal metastases manifested as one or a few nodular or flat choroidal lesions with serous retinal detachment. As for the treatment of choroidal metastases, enucleation of the right eye was chosen based on the patient's wish as well as the family's wish in the earliest patient when cancer notification was not the norm in Japan. In the other four patients, whole-eye radiation was performed to reduce the choroidal metastatic lesions. As regards the prognosis, which was available in four patients, three patients died within one year from the diagnosis of choroidal metastases, while one patient died one year and eight months later. Regarding the pathology of breast cancer, which was available in four patients, immunostaining of the preserved enucleated eye in the earliest patient revealed that breast cancer cells in the choroidal metastatic lesion were positive for estrogen receptor and negative for progesterone receptor and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). Invasive ductal carcinoma in two patients was positive for estrogen receptor and negative for HER2, while invasive ductal carcinoma in the other patient was triple-negative for estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and HER2 with a high Ki-67 index. In conclusion, the prognosis for life was poor in patients with breast cancer who developed choroidal metastases. Choroidal metastatic lesions showed a response to whole-eye radiation to improve the quality of vision at the end of life. Vision-related symptoms should be monitored in the course of chemotherapy for systemic metastases.},
}

@article {pmid40474937,
year = {2025},
author = {Miranda-Pinzon, M and Gomez-Caturla, J and Ivorra-Martinez, J and Guijarro, N and Marset, X and Balart, R},
title = {Sustainable Approach to Overcome Polylactide Brittleness with Biobased Esters of Isosorbide and Fatty Acids.},
journal = {ACS sustainable chemistry & engineering},
volume = {13},
number = {21},
pages = {7962-7974},
pmid = {40474937},
issn = {2168-0485},
abstract = {This work reports on the design and synthesis of sustainable plasticizers from plant-based isosorbide to enhance the intrinsic brittleness of polylactide (PLA). To keep fully biobased carbon, isosorbide was esterified with fatty acids of varying chain length, leading to isosorbide dibutyrate (IDB), dicaprylate (IDC), and dipalmitate (IDP). These esters were incorporated into PLA at different concentrations. An approach to assess PLA-plasticizer miscibility was conducted by calculating solubility parameters (δ) and the Flory-Huggins interaction parameter, χ. The effect of plasticizer type and concentration on mechanical, thermal, and thermomechanical properties, as well as on microstructure and biodegradation, was also addressed. The results indicated that IDB and IDC notably enhanced PLA toughness, reducing the PLA's glass transition temperature (T g) from 60.3 to 27.7 °C with 20 wt % IDC. Consequently, strain at break dramatically increased from 12.8% (PLA) to over 300% with 20 wt % IDB or IDC. In contrast, IDP exhibited limited miscibility, resulting in phase separation, though it still improved the impact strength and ductility. All formulations demonstrated exceptional disintegration in compost soil, underscoring their potential as "double green" plasticizers suitable for PLA. Since both PLA and isosorbide can be industrially derived from starch, this work places starch as a key platform for sustainable polymers.},
}

@article {pmid40475302,
year = {2024},
author = {Xie, J and Jung, KJ and Allen, C and Chang, Y and Paul, S and Li, Z and Ma, Q and Chung, D},
title = {Analysis of community connectivity in spatial transcriptomics data.},
journal = {Frontiers in applied mathematics and statistics},
volume = {10},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {40475302},
issn = {2297-4687},
support = {R01 GM122078/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/United States ; R01 GM131399/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/United States ; R01 GM152585/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/United States ; U01 DA045300/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States ; R21 HG012482/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/United States ; U54 AG075931/AG/NIA NIH HHS/United States ; },
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: The advent of high throughput spatial transcriptomics (HST) has allowed for unprecedented characterization of spatially distinct cell communities within a tissue sample. While a wide range of computational tools exist for detecting cell communities in HST data, none allow for the characterization of community connectivity, i.e., the relative similarity of cells within and between found communities-an analysis task that can elucidate cellular dynamics in important settings such as the tumor microenvironment.

METHODS: To address this gap, we introduce the analysis of community connectivity (ACC), which facilitates understanding of the relative similarity of cells within and between communities. We develop a Bayesian multi-layer network model called BANYAN for the integration of spatial and gene expression information to achieve ACC.

RESULTS: We demonstrate BANYAN's ability to recover community connectivity structure via a simulation study based on real sagittal mouse brain HST data. Next, we use BANYAN to implement ACC across a wide range of real data scenarios, including 10× Visium data of melanoma brain metastases and invasive ductal carcinoma, and NanoString CosMx data of human-small-cell lung cancer, each of which reveals distinct cliques of interacting cell sub-populations. An R package banyan is available at https://github.com/dongjunchung/banyan.},
}

@article {pmid40478342,
year = {2025},
author = {Thill, M and Ghilli, M and Roncella, M and Kelling, K and Fansa, H and Golatta, M and Heil, J and Haasteren, V and Freitag, A and Togawa, R and Sagona, A and Rooney, TB and Fox, MJ and Barth, RJ},
title = {A Multi-institutional Study to Evaluate the Effectiveness and Safety of a Supine MRI-Based Guidance System, the Breast Cancer Locator[TM], for Breast Conserving Surgery in Patients with Nonpalpable Breast Cancer.},
journal = {Annals of surgical oncology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {40478342},
issn = {1534-4681},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The Breast Cancer Locator[TM] (BCL) has been demonstrated to be a safe and effective guidance system for breast-conserving surgery (BCS) in patients with palpable breast cancer, but its effectiveness in patients with nonpalpable breast cancer has not been evaluated.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: Supine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images were used to generate (1) an interactive three-dimensional (3D) virtual image of the tumor in the breast and (2) a plastic bra-like form (BCL) that enabled the surgeon to place wires that bracketed the tumor volume. The primary objective was to determine the proportion of patients undergoing margin negative resections.

RESULTS: A total of 35 subjects were enrolled at 5 sites by 9 surgeons. In the 33 patients treated per protocol, 31 had margin negative resections (94%). All 31 patients with negative margins had negative margins on the primary lumpectomy specimen resected with BCL guidance. Additional shave margins were taken in 4 of the 31 patients; no cancer was present in the shaves. A total of 25 patients had invasive ductal carcinoma, 7 invasive lobular carcinoma, and 3 ductal carcinoma en situ (DCIS). The mean tumor diameter was 3.1 cm and specimen volume was 56 ml. The median actual/targeted specimen volume ratio was 1.18. There was no significant difference in preop versus postop Breast-Q scores: 66.5 versus 64.0, p = 0.58. Surgeons judged the BCL guidance system to be easy to use in 91% of cases.

CONCLUSIONS: The BCL guidance system enabled surgeons to do precise BCS: margin negative resections were obtained in a high proportion of cases, resected specimen volumes were relatively low, and patients' satisfaction with their breasts was not adversely effected by surgery.},
}

@article {pmid40478792,
year = {2025},
author = {Li, H and Luo, M and Luo, W and Li, H and Cong, S},
title = {Integrated decision-control for social robot autonomous navigation considering nonlinear dynamics model.},
journal = {PloS one},
volume = {20},
number = {6},
pages = {e0324341},
pmid = {40478792},
issn = {1932-6203},
mesh = {*Robotics/methods ; *Nonlinear Dynamics ; Humans ; Algorithms ; Reward ; Decision Making ; Reinforcement, Psychology ; Walking ; },
abstract = {Reinforcement learning (RL) has demonstrated significant potential in social robot autonomous navigation, yet existing research lacks in-depth discussion on the feasibility of navigation strategies. Therefore, this paper proposes an Integrated Decision-Control Framework for Social Robot Autonomous Navigation (IDC-SRAN), which accounts for the nonlinearity of social robot model and ensures the feasibility of decision-control strategy. Initially, inverse reinforcement learning (IRL) is employed to tackle the challenge of designing pedestrian walking reward. Subsequently, the Four-Mecanum-Wheel Robot dynamic model is constructed to develop IDC-SRAN, resolving the issue of dynamics mismatch of RL system. The actions of IDC-SRAN are defined as additional torque, with actual torque and lateral/longitudinal velocities integrated into the state space. The feasibility of the decision-control strategy is ensured by constraining the range of actions. Furthermore, a critical challenge arises from the state delay caused by model transient characteristics, which complicates the articulation of nonlinear relationships between states and actions through IRL-based rewards. To mitigate this, a driving-force-guided reward is proposed. This reward guides the robot to explore more appropriate decision-control strategies by expected direction of driving force, thereby reducing non-optimal behaviors during transient phases. Experimental results demonstrate that IDC-SRAN achieves peak accelerations approximately 8.3% of baseline methods, significantly enhancing the feasibility of decision-control strategies. Simultaneously, the framework enables goal-oriented autonomous navigation through active torque modulation, attaining a task completion rate exceeding 90%. These outcomes further validate the intelligence and robustness of the proposed IDC-SRAN.},
}

*Robotics/methods
*Nonlinear Dynamics
Humans
Algorithms
Reward
Decision Making
Reinforcement, Psychology
Walking

@article {pmid40482189,
year = {2025},
author = {Gunes, A and Colapkulu-Akgul, N and Akgul, C and Unlu, I and Cinar, S},
title = {Axillary staging with 18F-FDG PET/CT in early breast cancer: impact of tumor subtypes.},
journal = {Annals of Saudi medicine},
volume = {45},
number = {3},
pages = {145-153},
pmid = {40482189},
issn = {0975-4466},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; *Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography/methods ; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 ; Retrospective Studies ; Middle Aged ; *Breast Neoplasms/pathology/diagnostic imaging ; Axilla ; Adult ; Lymphatic Metastasis/diagnostic imaging ; Neoplasm Staging ; Aged ; Radiopharmaceuticals ; Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases/metabolism ; Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy ; Reproducibility of Results ; *Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology/diagnostic imaging ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers in women globally. Axillary lymph node metastasis remains one of the most independent prognostic factors in breast cancer.

OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of 18F-FDG-PET/CT in detecting axillary lymph node metastasis based on immunohistochemical subtypes and its correlation with sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) results.

DESIGN: A retrospective cohort.

SETTING: Tertiary oncology center in Turkiye.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients diagnosed with early-stage invasive ductal breast cancer and who underwent preoperative F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission computed tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT) evaluation were included in the study. Patients were divided into five immunohistochemical subtypes: Luminal A, Luminal B HER2 (-) (human epidermal growth factor receptor 2), Luminal B HER2 (+), HER2 (+), and triple negative. SLNB and SUVmax (Maximum Standard Unit Value) results were compared.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Diagnostic accuracy of 18F-FDG PET/CT for detecting axillary metastasis was the primary outcome. Interrater reliability testing in determining the agreement between 18F-FDG PET/CT and SLNB was the secondary outcome.

SAMPLE SIZE: 248.

RESULTS: The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and accuracy of 18F-FDG-PET/CT for detecting axillary metastasis were 62%, 92%, 88%, 71% and 77%, respectively. Cohen's Kappa coefficient (0.54) showed moderate agreement with SLNB (P<.001). Tumors with positive HER2 gene amplification [HER2 (+) and Luminal B HER2 (+) have higher sensitivity than other subtypes (Luminal A, Luminal B HER2 (-) and triple negative). HER2 gene amplification also increases the agreement between 18F-FDG-PET/CT and SLNB results.

CONCLUSION: 18F-FDG-PET/CT has a high specificity but low sensitivity for ipsilateral axillary metastasis in invasive ductal carcinoma. The presence of HER2 gene amplification can increase sensitivity and concordance with SLNB.

LIMITATIONS: Retrospective design and limited number of patients for each subtype.},
}

Humans
Female
*Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography/methods
Fluorodeoxyglucose F18
Retrospective Studies
Middle Aged
*Breast Neoplasms/pathology/diagnostic imaging
Axilla
Adult
Lymphatic Metastasis/diagnostic imaging
Neoplasm Staging
Aged
Radiopharmaceuticals
Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases/metabolism
Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy
Reproducibility of Results
*Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology/diagnostic imaging
Sensitivity and Specificity