@article {pmid41608229,
year = {2026},
author = {Zhu, L and Li, J and Yang, L and Li, T and Zhang, P and Li, P and Hong, Y},
title = {Multiple gastrointestinal metastases in de novo invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast: A case report and literature review.},
journal = {SAGE open medical case reports},
volume = {14},
number = {},
pages = {2050313X261417159},
pmid = {41608229},
issn = {2050-313X},
abstract = {Gastrointestinal tract (GIT) metastases occur in only 0.6% of metastatic breast cancer cases, with invasive lobular carcinoma being the predominant histological subtype. Synchronous GIT metastases at the time of invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) diagnosis are exceptionally uncommon. We report a case of de novo IDC presenting with synchronous, multifocal metastases in the stomach and colon. The diagnosis was prompted by significantly elevated tumor markers and confirmed via endoscopic examination and biopsy. This case underscores the rarity of GIT metastases, particularly in IDC, and highlights the critical need for a high index of suspicion in the face of markedly elevated tumor markers, even without gastrointestinal symptoms. While contrast-enhanced computed tomography has limited sensitivity for detecting small GIT lesions, endoscopic biopsy with immunohistochemical analysis remains the gold standard for diagnosis. Accompanying this report is a systematic literature review on breast cancer metastases to the GIT.},
}

@article {pmid41608012,
year = {2025},
author = {Aragão, JA and Amaral, JV and Sant'Anna Aragão, IC and Sant'Anna Aragão, FM and Reis, FP},
title = {Early Diagnosis of Male Breast Cancer: A Case Report and Literature Review.},
journal = {Cureus},
volume = {17},
number = {12},
pages = {e100241},
pmid = {41608012},
issn = {2168-8184},
abstract = {Male breast cancer (MBC) is a rare neoplasm, and this rarity underscores the critical importance of awareness and appropriate screening. This study presents a case of male breast cancer (MBC) in a 64-year-old patient to enhance understanding of this rare and frequently underdiagnosed neoplasm. A 64-year-old man presented with a palpable mass in the left breast. Imaging revealed bilateral gynecomastia and a highly suspicious 4.3-cm Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) 5 nodule with nipple retraction. Biopsy confirmed histologic grade III invasive ductal carcinoma. Immunohistochemistry showed positivity for hormone receptors (Estrogen Receptor (ER) 90%, Progesterone Receptor (PR) 50%) and was negative for Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 (HER2). Following left mastectomy, the patient experienced postoperative complications, including a contralateral hematoma and a persistent seroma. Oncotype diagnosis (DX) testing indicated a low chemotherapy benefit, leading to adjuvant therapy with tamoxifen. Pathologic tumor stage pT1c and pathologic nodal status pN0, confirmed by sentinel lymph node biopsy, indicated early-stage disease. The complexity of MBC underscores the critical importance of early diagnosis. The prompt detection of the suspicious mass, culminating in effective early-stage treatment, proved crucial to this patient's favorable prognosis, in contrast to the common trend of delayed diagnoses and their less promising outcomes. Accordingly, strengthening public awareness and professional training is essential to optimize management and improve outcomes in men with breast cancer.},
}

@article {pmid41454324,
year = {2025},
author = {Dahms, PA and Hinckley, B and Prekeris, R and Behbod, F and Lyons, TR},
title = {Semaphorin-7A promotes macrophage-mediated mammary epithelial and ductal carcinoma in situ invasion.},
journal = {Breast cancer research : BCR},
volume = {28},
number = {1},
pages = {25},
pmid = {41454324},
issn = {1465-542X},
support = {R01GM122768/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/United States ; R01CA211696-01A1/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States ; RSG-16-171-010CSM//American Cancer Society/ ; R01GM122768/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/United States ; R01CA211696-01A1/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) accounts for 20–30% of all breast cancer diagnoses. Considered stage 0, DCIS is contained in the ducts by the myoepithelium that surround the luminal cells in the mammary gland. DCIS can progress to invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) if the tumor cells break through the myoepithelium and invade the surrounding breast tissue. While 30–50% of DCIS tumors will progress to IDC, a majority will remain in a DCIS-like state. The mechanisms that drive this progression are not completely understood. There is currently no clinically recognized biomarker for predicting risk of DCIS progression. Therefore, all DCIS tumors are treated with standard of care, resulting in overtreatment. We have previously identified independent roles for semaphorin-7A(SEMA7A) and collagen in promoting DCIS progression to IDC.

METHODS: To investigate the relationship between SEMA7A and collagen remodeling in the mammary gland, we utilized patient tissues and mouse models of normal development and DCIS progression as well as a novel SEMA7A-blocking antibody.

RESULTS: We show that SEMA7A increases in patient samples of DCIS compared to matched normal tissues and in IDC compared to matched DCIS and normal tissues. This increase was correlated with the presence of CD68 + macrophages. Using puberty in the mammary gland as a model for normal epithelial invasion facilitated by macrophages, we show SEMA7A knockout mice exhibit delayed ductal elongation as well as decreased macrophages. Additionally, our SEMA7A-blocking antibody in a mouse model of DCIS decreased invasive tumor phenotypes and decreased organized collagen around the tumor. The invasive tumors had increased collagen and macrophage influx in the tumor. Finally, we show that SEMA7A activates an AKT/GSK3β/β-catenin signaling pathway within macrophages to promote expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the matrix remodeling enzyme MMP9 to facilitate invasion.

CONCLUSIONS: Our results demonstrate that SEMA7A regulates normal and transformed epithelial cell invasion through regulation of pro-invasive matrix remodeling via macrophages. Our studies also suggest that SEMA7A expression, macrophage phenotype, and collagen structure may be a predictor of risk for DCIS invasion. Thus, blocking SEMA7A may be a novel therapeutic strategy for high-risk DCIS patients to slow or prevent progression of disease.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13058-025-02180-w.},
}

@article {pmid41605726,
year = {2026},
author = {Liu, Y and Hu, S and Munot, S and Konofagou, EE},
title = {3-D Handheld Harmonic Motion Imaging System for Breast Tumor Assessment: A Clinical Feasibility Study.},
journal = {Ultrasound in medicine & biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2026.01.001},
pmid = {41605726},
issn = {1879-291X},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Harmonic motion imaging (HMI) is a displacement-based ultrasound elastography that simultaneously induces and tracks oscillatory on-axis motion using focused ultrasound and imaging transducers. Single transducer (ST)-HMI was recently developed to perform harmonic excitation and tracking using 1-D imaging arrays and electronic steering to exclude redundant raster-scanning. However, ST-HMI is limited to 2D imaging. This study develops 3-D-HMI with a handheld system.

METHODS: Harmonic radiation force (200 or 400 Hz) was generated using row or column elements of a row-column array (RCA), with resulting displacements estimated using the same elements for focused transmission and the remaining orthogonal elements in receive, interleaved between excitation pulses.

RESULTS: The proposed method was first validated in phantoms with stiff (Young's moduli: 22, 31, 44 and 56 kPa in 5.3-kPa background) or soft (5.1 kPa in 18.6-kPa background) inclusions (n = 12, diameters: 2.2-13.2 mm) mimicking malignant and benign tumors. The 3-D estimated normalized displacement detected all inclusions, including the smallest at 2 mm, and was found to be inversely proportional to the Young's modulus ratio of inclusions to background. 3-D HMI displacement maps of human breast tumors (n = 5) were reconstructed, including fibroadenoma (FA, n = 1) and invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC, n = 4), among which two were residual diseases after up to 12 wk of neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

CONCLUSION: 3-D-HMI was hereby described and found to be feasible, accurate and time-efficient volumetric mapping of relative stiffness. The proposed method increases the clinical potential of HMI to assess the mechanical properties of entire tumor volumes in a typical handheld manner, as in conventional breast sonography.},
}

@article {pmid41605126,
year = {2026},
author = {Watanabe, R and Miura, N and Kikugawa, T and Saika, T and Haffner, MC and Nelson, PS},
title = {Molecular pathology of rare histologic variants and treatment-resistant lineages of prostate cancer.},
journal = {Urologic oncology},
volume = {44},
number = {4},
pages = {110987},
doi = {10.1016/j.urolonc.2025.110987},
pmid = {41605126},
issn = {1873-2496},
abstract = {Rare histological variants of prostate cancer-including ductal adenocarcinoma, intraductal carcinoma of the prostate (IDC-P), neuroendocrine carcinoma, basal cell/adenoid cystic carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, sarcomatoid carcinoma, and stromal tumors-exhibit highly diverse biological behaviors and distinct molecular features. Accurate pathological recognition is essential, as these entities frequently diverge from conventional acinar adenocarcinoma in morphology, genomic alterations, therapeutic responsiveness, and clinical outcomes. Intraductal carcinoma of the prostate (IDC-P) and ductal adenocarcinoma often display genomic instability and aggressive clinical behavior, including enrichment for homologous recombination repair (HRR) defects and hypoxia-related pathways. Neuroendocrine subtypes, including de novo and treatment-related NEPC as well as double-negative prostate cancer (DNPC), are characterized by androgen receptor (AR) independence, RB1/TP53 loss, low prostate-specific antigen (PSA) production, and poor prognosis, reflecting lineage plasticity under therapeutic pressure. Other rare tumors-such as basal cell carcinoma/adenoid cystic carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and stromal tumors (STUMP and prostatic stromal sarcoma)-demonstrate unique pathological patterns and limited responsiveness to standard systemic therapies, underscoring the importance of tailored diagnostic and management strategies. This review integrates the histopathological, molecular, and emerging spatial transcriptomic insights across this spectrum of rare and treatment-resistant prostate cancer subtypes. By highlighting shared mechanisms such as genomic instability, androgen receptor (AR) pathway bypass, and microenvironmental remodeling, we outline key diagnostic considerations and evolving therapeutic implications relevant to precision oncology.},
}

@article {pmid41602403,
year = {2025},
author = {Han, H and Liu, J and Wang, C and Yang, M and Liu, J and Sun, P},
title = {Trastuzumab deruxtecan (DS-8201) plus bevacizumab for HER2-low metastatic breast cancer with malignant pleural effusion: a case report and literature review.},
journal = {Frontiers in oncology},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1694553},
pmid = {41602403},
issn = {2234-943X},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: HER2-low breast cancer has emerged as a distinct molecular subtype with unique biological features and therapeutic significance. Trastuzumab deruxtecan, an antibody-drug conjugate, has shown promising efficacy in both HER2-high and HER2-low disease.

CASE DESCRIPTION: We report the case of a 69-year-old woman with a 17-year history of breast cancer, initially diagnosed in 2007 with invasive ductal carcinoma and lymph node metastasis. After multiple lines of systemic therapy, the disease progressed with dynamic reduction of HER2 expression from 3+ to 1+, ultimately confirming HER2-low advanced breast cancer. Recurrent malignant pleural effusion became the predominant manifestation, severely impairing quality of life.

INTERVENTION AND OUTCOMES: DS-8201 monotherapy was initiated but failed to control pleural effusion. Sequential combinations of DS-8201 with intrapleural cisplatin and then intrapleural bevacizumab were attempted, with only the latter yielding significant benefit. The regimen was subsequently optimized to intravenous DS-8201 plus bevacizumab, resulting in rapid symptom relief, substantial reduction of pleural effusion, and sustained disease control. At the latest follow-up, the patient achieved 18 months of stable disease with improved quality of life and no severe adverse events.

CONCLUSION: To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of DS-8201 plus bevacizumab for HER2-low metastatic breast cancer with malignant pleural effusion. This case highlights the potential of this regimen as a promising therapeutic option for patients with limited alternatives.},
}

@article {pmid41599740,
year = {2026},
author = {Besli, N and Ercin, N and Tokocin, M and Boluk, SE and Cakmak, RK and Ozdogan, K and Aktokmakyan, TV and Toprak, M and Ercan, G and Beker, M and Celik, U and Capkinoglu, E and Tutar, Y},
title = {Carvacrol Selectively Induces Mitochondria-Related Apoptotic Signaling in Primary Breast Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts.},
journal = {Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {19},
number = {1},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/ph19010142},
pmid = {41599740},
issn = {1424-8247},
support = {123C141//Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey/ ; },
abstract = {Background/Objectives: Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are key stromal mediators of breast tumor progression and therapy resistance. Carvacrol, a dietary monoterpenic phenol, exhibits antiproliferative activity in cancer cells, but its effects on primary human breast CAFs remain unclear. This study aimed to determine whether carvacrol selectively induces mitochondria-related apoptotic signaling in breast CAFs while sparing normal fibroblasts (NFs). Methods: Primary fibroblast cultures were established from invasive ductal carcinoma tissues (CAFs, n = 9) and nonmalignant breast tissues (NFs, n = 5) and validated by α-SMA and FAP immunofluorescence. Cells were exposed to 400 μM carvacrol. Apoptosis was assessed by TUNEL assay and BAX/BCL-XL Western blotting. Changes in signaling pathways were evaluated by analyzing PPARα/NF-κB, sirtuin (SIRT1, SIRT3), autophagy-related markers (LAMP2A, p62), and matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-2, MMP-3). In silico molecular docking and 100-ns molecular dynamics simulations were performed to examine interactions between carvacrol and caspase-3 and caspase-9. Results: Carvacrol induced a pronounced, time-dependent apoptotic response in CAFs, with TUNEL-based viability declining to approximately 10% of control levels by 12 h and a marked increase in the BAX/BCL-XL ratio. In contrast, NFs exhibited minimal TUNEL positivity and no significant change in BAX/BCL-XL. In CAFs, but not NFs, carvacrol reduced PPARα expression and NF-κB nuclear localization, increased SIRT1 and SIRT3 levels, selectively suppressed MMP-3 while partially normalizing MMP-2, and altered autophagy-related markers (decreased LAMP2A and accumulation of p62), consistent with autophagic stress and possible impairment of autophagic flux. Computational analyses revealed stable carvacrol binding to caspase-3 and caspase-9 with modest stabilization of active-site loops, supporting caspase-dependent, mitochondria-related apoptosis. Conclusions: Carvacrol selectively targets breast cancer-associated fibroblasts by inducing mitochondria-related apoptotic signaling while largely sparing normal fibroblasts. This effect is accompanied by coordinated modulation of PPARα/NF-κB, sirtuin, autophagy, and MMP pathways. These findings support further evaluation of carvacrol as a microenvironment-directed adjunct in breast cancer therapy.},
}

@article {pmid41592189,
year = {2026},
author = {Baboli, KM and Salehiazar, S and Tran, T},
title = {Encapsulated Papillary Carcinoma of the Breast: Two Cases with Literature Review and Molecular Insights.},
journal = {Rhode Island medical journal (2013)},
volume = {109},
number = {2},
pages = {7-10},
pmid = {41592189},
issn = {2327-2228},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; *Breast Neoplasms/pathology/genetics/diagnosis/therapy/surgery ; Middle Aged ; Adult ; *Carcinoma, Papillary/pathology/genetics/diagnosis/therapy/surgery ; Class I Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/genetics ; Mastectomy, Segmental ; *Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/pathology ; },
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Encapsulated papillary carcinoma (EPC) of the breast is a rare subtype of breast cancer, accounting for 0.5-2% of cases, and typically affects postmenopausal women. Characterized by well-circumscribed lesions lacking peripheral and central myoepithelial cells, EPC is associated with favorable prognosis due to its indolent behavior and high hormone receptor positivity. However, its potential association with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) or invasive carcinoma necessitates thorough diagnostic evaluation.

CASE PRESENTATION: This study presents two cases of EPC-one in a 57-year-old and the other in a 39-year-old female-each with focal DCIS and strong estrogen and progesterone receptor expression. Both patients underwent breast-conserving surgery and were managed with hormone therapy.

CONCLUSION: Histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses confirmed the EPC diagnosis, and molecular insights revealed common mutations, particularly in the PIK3CA gene. This report underscores the importance of integrating clinical, histological, and molecular findings to guide diagnosis and management of EPC, which, despite its low invasive potential, shares genetic features with invasive ductal carcinoma.},
}

Humans
Female
*Breast Neoplasms/pathology/genetics/diagnosis/therapy/surgery
Middle Aged
Adult
*Carcinoma, Papillary/pathology/genetics/diagnosis/therapy/surgery
Class I Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/genetics
Mastectomy, Segmental
*Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/pathology

@article {pmid41591602,
year = {2026},
author = {Alshuaibi, H and Neduvanchery, S and Fitzpatrick, SG and Bhattacharyya, I and Islam, MN},
title = {Intraductal Salivary Gland Neoplasms of the Oral Cavity: A Retrospective Case Series with Emphasis on Newly Described Entities.},
journal = {Head and neck pathology},
volume = {20},
number = {1},
pages = {16},
pmid = {41591602},
issn = {1936-0568},
mesh = {Humans ; *Salivary Gland Neoplasms/pathology ; Retrospective Studies ; Female ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Aged ; Adult ; Aged, 80 and over ; *Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/pathology ; },
abstract = {PURPOSE: Intraductal salivary gland tumors represent a distinct and intriguing subset of salivary gland neoplasms, characterized by their origin within the ductal epithelium. These tumors encompass a wide range from benign entities such as intraductal papilloma to the malignant forms such as intraductal carcinoma (IDC). IDC often present as well-circumscribed mass due to their intraductal growth pattern, thereby mimicking benign neoplasms and posing diagnostic challenges. Recent advances have led to the molecular characterization of IDC, which may have been previously unrecognized or misclassified. This study aims to perform a comprehensive retrospective analysis of intraductal oral salivary gland neoplasms with a focus on reviewing newly described entities.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Following institutional review board approval, archival biopsy records from 2000 to 2024 were reviewed for cases diagnosed as salivary ductal papilloma or IDC. Additional cases previously classified as papillary cystadenoma or adenocarcinoma, not otherwise specified, were re-evaluated for features consistent with IDC. Cases suspected of IDC were subjected to immunohistochemical analysis for p63, S100, and mammaglobin expression.

RESULTS: Thirty-five benign intraductal neoplasms were identified, which included sialadenoma papilliferum (SP) (n = 18, 31.40%), DP (n = 12, 34.30%), and inverted ductal papilloma (n = 5, 14.30%). The mean age of benign lesions was 66.5, with a slight male predominance. Most benign cases occurred on the buccal mucosa (n = 18, 51.4%). A total of seven IDC cases were identified, comprising three low-grade apocrine, two intercalated-like, one mixed phenotype, and one high-grade apocrine type. The mean age of the IDC cases was 58.6 years with a female predominance (n = 4, 66%), and most frequently occurred on the palate (n = 3, 42%).

CONCLUSION: Intraductal salivary gland neoplasms present diagnostic challenges due to their overlapping clinical and histologic features. Understanding of the characteristic morphologic and immunophenotypic profile of IDC is essential for accurate diagnosis and appropriate patient management.},
}

Humans
*Salivary Gland Neoplasms/pathology
Retrospective Studies
Female
Male
Middle Aged
Aged
Adult
Aged, 80 and over
*Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/pathology

@article {pmid41587557,
year = {2026},
author = {De Coster, I and AbdelGhany, M and Sarakinou, E and Fineschi, C and Marchetti, E and La Gaetana, R and Nigro, S and Carducci, M and Massai, L and Conti, V and Rossi, O and Luna Cilio, G and Serry-Bangura, A and Tessitore, P and Van Damme, P and Withanage, K and Micoli, F and Berlanda Scorza, F and Rondini, S and Nakakana, UN and Kumar Arora, A},
title = {Safety and immunogenicity of a conjugate vaccine candidate against Salmonella enterica serovars Typhi and Paratyphi A in healthy adults in Europe: a phase 1 randomised controlled trial.},
journal = {The Lancet. Infectious diseases},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/S1473-3099(25)00730-3},
pmid = {41587557},
issn = {1474-4457},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Enteric fever caused by Salmonella enterica serovars Typhi and Paratyphi A remains a major concern. No vaccines are licensed against Salmonella Paratyphi A. We aimed to assess the safety and immunogenicity of an investigational conjugate vaccine against Salmonella Typhi and Paratyphi A (Vi-CRM197+O:2-CRM197).

METHODS: In this observer-masked, randomised, controlled, dose-escalation, single-centre, phase 1 trial done during Nov 28, 2022, to April 2, 2024, at the Centre for Evaluation of Vaccination in Belgium, healthy adults (aged 18-50 years) were randomly assigned (2:1 or 2:2:1 across different steps using sealed envelopes following a randomisation schedule generated by an independent statistician) to receive two intramuscular doses (on day 1 and day 169) of one of four Vi-CRM197+O:2-CRM197 formulations (low dose or full dose, with or without aluminium hydroxide) or a control vaccine (Vi capsular polysaccharide vaccine and diphtheria toxoid-tetanus toxoid-acellular pertussis vaccine for first and second dose). The primary outcome was vaccine safety (solicited events during 7 days and unsolicited adverse events during 28 days after vaccination, serious adverse events [SAEs], and adverse events or SAEs leading to study withdrawal or withholding of further study intervention administration from day 1 to day 197, and deviations from normal or baseline laboratory test values 7 days after vaccination). Secondary outcomes included long-term vaccine safety (SAEs and adverse events or SAEs leading to study withdrawal from day 197 to day 337), and immunogenicity, including anti-Vi and anti-O:2 IgG antibody geometric mean concentrations and geometric mean ratios (GMRs) by ELISA, and seroresponses (percentages of participants with anti-Vi IgG concentrations ≥4·3 μg/mL and ≥2·0 μg/mL; ≥4-fold anti-O:2 IgG concentration increase from baseline) at day 1 (as applicable), day 29, day 169, day 176, and day 197. Safety analyses were done on the solicited safety set, unsolicited safety set, and the exposed set. The primary immunogenicity analysis was done on the per-protocol set defined by timepoint. The trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05613205) and gsk-studyregister.com (205480), and is completed.

FINDINGS: 96 participants were randomly assigned, 12 to each low-dose group, 24 to each full-dose group, and 24 to the control group. The incidence of solicited administration-site events (mostly pain) ranged from six (50% [95% CI 21·1-78·9]) of 12 participants in the low-dose without aluminium hydroxide group to 23 (96% [78·9-99·9]) of 24 in the full-dose with aluminium hydroxide group, versus 22 (92% [73·0-99·0]) of 24 in the control group. Solicited systemic events (mostly fatigue, headache, and myalgia) ranged from eight (67% [34·9-90·1]) of 12 in the low-dose groups to 20 (83% [62·6-95·3]) of 24 in the full-dose with aluminium hydroxide group, versus 21 (88% [67·6-97·3]) of 24 in the control group. The incidence of unsolicited adverse events (mostly nasopharyngitis) ranged from seven (58% [27·7-84·8]) of 12 in the low-dose without aluminium hydroxide group to ten (83% [51·6-97·9]) of 12 in the low-dose with aluminium hydroxide group, versus 14 (58% [36·6-77·9]) of 24 in the control group. Most safety laboratory results were within reference ranges. No SAEs occurred. After dose 1 (ie, at day 29), full-dose without aluminium hydroxide and full-dose with aluminium hydroxide induced the highest anti-Vi IgG responses (GMR 53·01 [95% CI 31·94-87·99] and 31·55 [18·74-53·11], respectively) versus control (4·50 [2·93-6·90]). Full-dose without aluminium hydroxide and low-dose without aluminium hydroxide induced the highest anti-O:2 IgG responses after dose 1 (GMR 162·61 [91·17-290·04] and 114·19 [44·83-290·86], respectively), versus control (1·27 [1·02-1·60]). 89-100% and 82-100% of participants (lowest percentages for low-dose with aluminium hydroxide) had anti-Vi IgG ≥4·3 μg/mL at day 29 (in initially seronegative participants) and ≥4-fold anti-O:2 IgG increase from baseline, respectively, versus 13 (54% [95% CI 32·8-74·4]) and one (4% [0·1-21·1]) of 24 participants in the control group, respectively. The second dose did not boost the responses.

INTERPRETATION: Vi-CRM197+O:2-CRM197 formulations did not raise safety concerns and showed immunogenicity with a single dose, supporting further clinical assessment of the full-dose without aluminium hydroxide in target populations (infants and older age groups) in endemic regions.

FUNDING: Wellcome Trust.},
}

@article {pmid41585001,
year = {2026},
author = {Yoneda, H and Shimizu, Y and Bae, Y and Osako, T and Ogiya, A},
title = {A 21-Year-Old Female with Invasive Breast Cancer within a Benign Phyllodes Tumor.},
journal = {Surgical case reports},
volume = {12},
number = {1},
pages = {},
pmid = {41585001},
issn = {2198-7793},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Although breast cancer occurring within a phyllodes tumor (PT) has been reported, it is extremely rare in young patients. Herein, we describe a case of breast cancer complicated by a PT in a 21-year-old female.

CASE PRESENTATION: A 21-year-old female was referred to our hospital with a rapidly growing breast mass and suspected PT. Mammography revealed a well-defined, high-density mass. Ultrasonography revealed a blood-flow-rich hypoechoic mass with multiple slit structures, and MRI revealed a heterogeneous high signal on T2 weighted image with some diffusion restriction. A core needle biopsy revealed fibroepithelial lesions, and the lack of stromal changes suggested a high possibility of fibroadenoma. Based on the clinical and imaging findings, we considered the possibility of the PT being more than borderline malignant and planned tumor resection with a safety margin. The postoperative pathology revealed a benign PT complicated by invasive ductal carcinoma, with a predominance of intraductal carcinoma.

CONCLUSIONS: We report the case of a 21-year-old female with breast cancer occurring within a PT. The presence of cancer was difficult to predict preoperatively based on the patient's young age and imaging findings.},
}

@article {pmid41584599,
year = {2025},
author = {Garcia-Robledo, JE and Cabrera-Salcedo, S and Brandauer, AM and Romano, F and Rengifo-Martinez, J and Toro-Pedroza, A and Victoria, JS and Rios-Serna, LJ and Loukanov, A and Cardona, AF and Genovese, P and Baena, JC},
title = {Engineering the next generation of CAR T- cells: precision modifications, logic gates and universal strategies to overcome exhaustion and tumor resistance.},
journal = {Frontiers in oncology},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1698442},
pmid = {41584599},
issn = {2234-943X},
abstract = {Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy has transformed the treatment landscape of hematologic malignancies, delivering durable remissions in diseases previously associated with poor outcomes. However, translating this success to solid tumors has proven challenging due to antigen heterogeneity, limited tumor infiltration, immunosuppressive tumor microenvironments, and progressive T-cell exhaustion. In response, next-generation CAR T-cell platforms have emerged that integrate advances in receptor architecture, intracellular signaling, and programmable control systems to enhance specificity, persistence, and safety. This review comprehensively examines recent innovations in CAR T-cell engineering, including optimization of extracellular binding domains, hinge and transmembrane modifications, fine-tuning of intracellular signaling motifs, and the incorporation of alternative protein scaffolds. We discuss logic-gated strategies such as synNotch receptors, inducible ON-switch CARs, inhibitory CARs, and modular adaptor systems that enable context-dependent activation and reduce off-tumor toxicity. In parallel, we explore approaches aimed at overcoming T-cell dysfunction through intrinsic checkpoint rewiring, cytokine armoring, and epigenetic reprogramming to sustain antitumor activity in hostile microenvironments. The development of allogeneic and off-the-shelf CAR T-cell products derived from healthy donors, induced pluripotent stem cells, natural killer cells, γδ T cells, and macrophages is also reviewed, highlighting strategies to mitigate graft-versus-host disease and host immune rejection while enabling scalable manufacturing. Finally, we address current translational bottlenecks related to immunogenicity, regulatory complexity, and production logistics, and outline future directions for integrating Boolean logic circuits, safety switches, and automated GMP-compliant processes. Collectively, these advances position next-generation CAR T-cell therapies as programmable and adaptable immunotherapeutic platforms with the potential to extend durable clinical benefit beyond hematologic cancers into solid tumors.},
}

@article {pmid41581331,
year = {2025},
author = {Nori Cucchiari, J and Di Naro, F and Migliaro, G and Baldi Giorgi, SE and Pugliese, F and Amadori, T and Bicchierai, G and De Benedetto, D and Bellini, C and Vidali, S and Vanzi, E and Boeri, C and Lamagna, V and Miele, V and Susini, T},
title = {Cryoablation for Treatment of Early-Stage Breast Cancer: Efficacy and Quality of Life Assessment.},
journal = {Clinical breast cancer},
volume = {26},
number = {2},
pages = {70-79},
doi = {10.1016/j.clbc.2025.12.004},
pmid = {41581331},
issn = {1938-0666},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer among women. There has been growing interest in less invasive techniques for the treatment of breast lesions, with cryoablation emerging as promising option. We aimed to assess the safety and efficacy of cryoablation for the treatment of breast cancer tumor subtypes 12 months post-treatment.

METHODS: This single-center prospective study included patients with biopsy-proven BC who underwent ultrasound-guided-cryoablation treatment during 2021-2023. Locoregional staging was performed using ultrasound and contrast-enhanced mammography (CEM). Follow-up included ultrasound at 1-, 3-, 6- and 12-months with additional CEM and biopsy at 12-months. Rate of complete ablation, tumor size and quality of life (QoL) were assessed. Primary endpoint was absence of residual tumor for BC at 12-month post cryoablation.

RESULTS: Thirthy-six female patients (mean age, 84.5±6.7 years) with 39 biopsy-proven tumors (mean size 15.3±7.5 mm) underwent cryoablation. No device-related unexpected adverse events were reported. The 39 BCs were early-stage luminal A or B, invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) or IDC + ductal carcinoma in situ. Complete ablation rates for BC ≤ 15 mm and BC >15 mm were 100% and 84.6%, respectively; Cryoablation positively impacted patient QoL as assessed by validated questionnaires.

CONCLUSIONS: With improved QoL, cryoablation emerges as a promising, safe, and effective treatment option for low-risk breast cancer.

DISCLAIMER/PUBLISHER'S NOTE: The statements, opinions and data contained in all publications are solely those of the individual author(s) and contributor(s) and not of MDPI and/or the editor(s). MDPI and/or the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to people or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content.},
}

@article {pmid41579313,
year = {2026},
author = {Scherer, C and Fung, V and Anzellini, D and Osti, MF and Doridot, V and Muracciole, X and Nappa, M and Mesurolle, B and Loganadane, G},
title = {Real world experience of intraoperative radiation therapy (IORT) during lumpectomy for early-stage breast cancer: retrospective data from a single large institutional observational study.},
journal = {Breast cancer (Tokyo, Japan)},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {41579313},
issn = {1880-4233},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: We report outcomes of patients who received intraoperative radiation therapy (IORT) using 50 kV after lumpectomy and sentinel lymph node biopsy.

METHODS: Women with age > 45 and post-menopausal status, localized, unifocal, invasive breast carcinoma were included in the study. Patients were diagnosed by needle biopsy, and suitable for wide local excision of invasive ductal carcinoma without nodal involvement on conventional examination (cT1 and small cT2 ≤ 3.5 cm, cN0, M0). Overall, 489 patients who received adjuvant IORT after breast-conserving surgery were identified between March 2016 to June 2023. The median age was 68 years (range 49-93). The median tumor size was 8 mm (0-40 mm). Adjuvant whole breast adiation therapy (WBRT), chemotherapy and endocrine were additionally offered in 36 patients (7.4%), 12 (2.4%) and 384 patients (78.5%) respectively.

RESULTS: After a median follow-up of 36 months (range, 0-100), the 3-year LR was 1.4% (95% CI 0.6-3.1%). The 3-year LRFS, LRRFS, and PFS were each 97.1% (95% CI 94.6-98.5%), while the 3-year MRFS and OS were both 98.3% (95% CI 96.1-99.2%). The 3-year outcomes did not differ significantly between the IORT and IORT + WBRT cohorts. Patients who did not receive ET (n = 104) experienced a significantly higher rate of local recurrence compared with those who received ET (n = 384) (3-year LR 4.0% vs. 0.7%; p = 0.01). LRFS and LRRFS showed borderline significance (5-year LRFS 96.9% vs. 100%; p = 0.05). MRFS, PFS, and OS did not differ significantly between the two groups.

CONCLUSIONS: Preliminary 3-year results show that IORT with 50 kV achieves excellent local control in selected early-stage breast cancer patients. Endocrine therapy reduced local recurrence, while WBRT added no significant benefit, underscoring the need for longer follow-up.},
}

@article {pmid41574911,
year = {2026},
author = {Wei, X and Xin, K and Zheng, Z and Cui, X and Nie, L},
title = {Apocrine Intraductal Carcinoma With A Frankly Invasive Salivary Duct Carcinoma Component: A Case Report Showing Novel Genetic Alterations.},
journal = {International journal of surgical pathology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {10668969251407309},
doi = {10.1177/10668969251407309},
pmid = {41574911},
issn = {1940-2465},
abstract = {Intraductal carcinoma (IDC) and salivary duct carcinoma (SDC) are both rare tumors of the salivary glands that most frequently occur in the parotid glands. We present an example of apocrine IDC with a frankly invasive SDC component in the parotid gland. The clinicopathologic and molecular features were analyzed in this study. A 76-year-old female patient was admitted to hospital with a parotid mass. The biopsy result showed SDC, and radical resection surgery was performed. The tumor was characterized by an intraductal proliferation forming solid and cribriform structures with abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm, accompanied by comedo necrosis and apocrine secretion, some of which showed infiltrative growth without myoepithelial cells surrounding. Identifiable intravascular tumor thrombi and extensive lymph node (12 of 30) metastases were observed. The tumor cells were positive for androgen receptor and HER2, while negative for S100 and SOX10. The final diagnosis was apocrine IDC with an invasive SDC component. Next-generation sequencing revealed MET gene fusions and other gene mutations in the tumor cells. The rare MET gene fusions have not been reported in either IDC or SDC, which may enhance our understanding of the genetic alterations in a subset of SDCs that derive from IDC.},
}

@article {pmid41561668,
year = {2026},
author = {Claus, J and Pearce, J and Bojko, A and Manrai, P and Quddus, MR and Marketkar, S},
title = {Invasive Acantholytic Extramammary Paget's Disease of the Vulva With Mammary Carcinoma-Like Differentiation and MMR Loss: Report of an Unusual Case and Its Clinical Mimics.},
journal = {Gynecologic oncology reports},
volume = {63},
number = {},
pages = {102007},
pmid = {41561668},
issn = {2352-5789},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Paget's disease (EMPD) of the vulva primarily affects postmenopausal women and can present significant challenges in early clinical detection.Case Presentation: We report an exceedingly rare case of invasive acantholytic extramammary Paget's disease in a 78-year-old female patient. After biopsy-proven carcinoma, a radical hemivulvectomy of the left vulva was performed, which revealed an invasive adenocarcinoma, most consistent with primary extramammary Paget's carcinoma. Histologic examination demonstrated a unique morphology, featuring an in-situ component with suprabasal intraepidermal acantholysis and an invasive component with various morphologies, including basaloid, skin adnexal-like, focal squamoid, and mammary-like differentiation, resembling ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) with comedonecrosis and invasive ductal carcinoma. This varied morphology has not been described before. Interestingly, the tumor shows loss of MMR protein (MSH2, MSH6).

CONCLUSION: In the literature, acantholytic Paget's disease and acantholytic anaplastic Paget's disease have been used interchangeably. While anaplastic Paget's disease has been reported in the mammary and extramammary sites (scrotum, esophagus), involvement of the vulva has been reported only once in the literature. However, the current case is the first documented loss of MMR. Both cases presented with invasive disease ranging in depth from 3-5 mm, and positive lymph nodes emphasizing on the urgent need to further explore prognostic factors of this rare entity and to differentiate it from other acantholytic lesions, such as squamous cell carcinoma in situ and other acantholytic dermatoses.},
}

@article {pmid41549218,
year = {2026},
author = {Gallagher, K and Feldman, S and Barone, J and Mammen, J and Barone, R and Ochoa, D and McGinness, M and Frazer, T and Viscusi, R and Lang, JE and Lee, J and Adkins, LL and Johnson, S and Henry-Tillman, R and Korourian, S and Klimberg, VS},
title = {Prospective Phase II Multicenter Trial of Ablation after Breast Lumpectomy Added To Extend (ABLATE) Intraoperative Margins for the Sole Local Treatment of Breast Cancer.},
journal = {Annals of surgical oncology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {41549218},
issn = {1534-4681},
support = {CTSA Grant Award #UL1TR000039//University of Arkansas for Translational Research Institute/Arkansas Breast Cancer Research Program/ ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Excision followed by radiofrequency ablation (eRFA) is an intraoperative method that utilizes intracavitary hyperthermia to create an additional tumor-free zone around the lumpectomy cavity in patients with breast cancer, similar to partial breast irradiation. We hypothesized that intraoperative eRFA extends the "final" tumor-free margin, decreases local recurrence, and maintains cosmesis without the need for radiation (XRT).

PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients with unifocal ER+PR+HER2- or DCIS tumors less than or equal to 3 cm with clinically negative nodes were included. After standard lumpectomy, the RFA probe was deployed 1 cm circumferentially into the walls of the lumpectomy cavity. RFA was performed at 100°C for 15 min, followed by validated intraoperative Doppler sonography. Pain and cosmesis were assessed with the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) scales.

RESULTS: A total of 242 subjects were accrued to the study, with a median follow-up of 44 months (range 12-96 months); 60% were invasive ductal cancer (IDC), and 33% were ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). The average size was 1.1 ± 0.6 cm (0.2-3 cm). Reexcision for positive margins was < 5%. In-breast recurrence rate was 2.9%. Breast pain at 6 months was 19% with RFA combined with XRT versus 1.7% with RFA alone (p < 0.05). Cosmesis was good or excellent in 89% of subjects.

CONCLUSIONS: A majority of the subjects avoided whole breast XRT and mastectomy. Results indicate that eRFA, in lieu of XRT, is safe and effective, resulting in ~fivefold lower pain. By completing therapy in the operating room, eRFA can potentially enhance patient access and compliance, alleviate financial stress, and deliver superior cosmetic and quality-of-life outcomes.},
}

@article {pmid41546339,
year = {2025},
author = {Nishimura, A and Yatsuyanagi, M},
title = {[pT1c Breast Cancer Presenting with Skin Rupture without Skin Invasion-A Case Report].},
journal = {Gan to kagaku ryoho. Cancer & chemotherapy},
volume = {52},
number = {13},
pages = {1332-1334},
pmid = {41546339},
issn = {0385-0684},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; *Breast Neoplasms/pathology/therapy/complications ; Aged ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; *Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/complications/pathology/therapy ; *Skin/pathology ; Rupture, Spontaneous/etiology ; Neoplasm Staging ; Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy ; Mastectomy, Segmental ; },
abstract = {We report a case of breast bleeding caused by breast cancer without skin invasion. A woman in her 70s was aware of a mass in her right breast but left it untreated. About 6 months after noticing the mass, she visited our hospital due to bleeding from the right breast. Although needle biopsy did not reveal a diagnosis of breast cancer, we diagnosed her as having breast cancer based on clinical findings and recommended her to have surgery. Her consent was not obtained. Approximately 1 year later, she experienced bleeding from her right breast and visited our hospital. A tumor was identified, a biopsy was performed, and a diagnosis of breast cancer was made. A right lumpectomy and sentinel lymph node biopsy was carried out. Pathological diagnosis was invasive ductal carcinoma. No skin invasion was observed. The final diagnosis was pT1c, pN0 (sn), M0, pStageⅠ. After surgery, the patient was treated with tamoxifen and radiation therapy, and is currently free of recurrence.},
}

Humans
Female
*Breast Neoplasms/pathology/therapy/complications
Aged
Neoplasm Invasiveness
*Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/complications/pathology/therapy
*Skin/pathology
Rupture, Spontaneous/etiology
Neoplasm Staging
Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy
Mastectomy, Segmental

@article {pmid41546327,
year = {2025},
author = {Yoshioka, S and Hashizume, S and Sakai, S and Sawamura, N and Yasumoto, T and Ueda, R and Hayashi, S and Hara, A and Taniguchi, Y and Takeyama, H and Tanaka, N and Urano, N and Nishikawa, K and Okamura, S and Yokouchi, H},
title = {[Experience of Performing Liver Biopsy in Combination with TAE for Recurrence of HR-Positive HER2-Negative Breast Cancer with Rapid Appearance of Organ Metastases].},
journal = {Gan to kagaku ryoho. Cancer & chemotherapy},
volume = {52},
number = {13},
pages = {1297-1299},
pmid = {41546327},
issn = {0385-0684},
mesh = {Humans ; Middle Aged ; Female ; *Breast Neoplasms/pathology/therapy/chemistry/drug therapy/surgery ; *Liver Neoplasms/secondary/therapy ; Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases/analysis ; Biopsy ; Recurrence ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use ; *Liver/pathology ; },
abstract = {The patient was a 54-year-old woman diagnosed with right breast cancer at the age of 49 with cT4bN1M0, cStage ⅢB, and underwent radical surgery after preoperative chemotherapy. The histopathologic diagnosis was invasive ductal carcinoma, histological treatment effect Grade 1a, HR positive HER2 negative, chest wall irradiation and hormone therapy as postoperative treatment. At 5 years after surgery, there were no signs of recurrence on the imaging, but at a routine checkup 4 months later, left back pain and hip joint pain were observed, and bone metastases were diagnosed by MRI. PET- CT revealed multiple liver, lung, bone and lymph node metastases, and the course of recurrence was rapid in a short period of time. To re-evaluate the subtype, a liver biopsy was performed in combination with TAE to prevent bleeding for liver tumors with abundant blood flow. As a result, PgR turned negative, but there was no change in subtype. After irradiation to the pain area, paclitaxel and bevacizumab therapy was administered, and a marked reduction of pulmonary and liver metastases, and the disappearance of pain were observed. Local hepatic therapy with TAE followed by chemotherapy was thought to have helped the patient overcome the rapid tumor growth.},
}

Humans
Middle Aged
Female
*Breast Neoplasms/pathology/therapy/chemistry/drug therapy/surgery
*Liver Neoplasms/secondary/therapy
Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases/analysis
Biopsy
Recurrence
Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use
*Liver/pathology

@article {pmid41546306,
year = {2025},
author = {Sakurai, K and Suzuki, S and Adachi, K and Hirano, T and Kubota, H and Nagae, J and Sakamoto, A and Fujisaki, S and Ono, T and Tsuji, T},
title = {[Pleomorphic Invasive Lobular Carcinoma Developed after Surgery for Simultaneous Ipsilateral Multiple Cancers].},
journal = {Gan to kagaku ryoho. Cancer & chemotherapy},
volume = {52},
number = {13},
pages = {1234-1236},
pmid = {41546306},
issn = {0385-0684},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; Middle Aged ; *Carcinoma, Lobular/surgery/pathology ; *Breast Neoplasms/surgery/pathology ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; Mastectomy ; *Neoplasms, Multiple Primary/surgery/pathology ; },
abstract = {We report a case of pleomorphic invasive lobular carcinoma that developed after surgery for multiple ipsilateral cancers. The patient was a 54-year-old woman who visited our hospital after a tumor-like lesion was noted in her right breast. A needle biopsy revealed that the patient had invasive ductal carcinoma. No obvious distant metastasis was found;therefore, circular mastectomy and axillary lymph node dissection were performed. Histopathological examination revealed the following tumors;Tumor 1:Invasive ductal carcinoma(solid type), tumor diameter 33 mm, ER negative, PgR negative, HER2 negative, Ki-67 20.4%;and Tumor 2:Invasive lobular carcinoma, tumor diameter 6 mm, ER negative, PgR negative, HER2 negative, Ki-67 30.2%. The resection margin was negative, and lymph node metastasis was diagnosed as 3/12. Postoperative chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and endocrine therapy were performed. One year and 6 months after surgery, a hard lump was found in the remaining breast, and a needle biopsy confirmed it as pleomorphic lobular carcinoma. A pectoral muscle- sparing mastectomy was performed. Pathological examination of the excised specimen revealed new breast cancer:a pleomorphic lobular carcinoma, with tumor diameter 22 mm, and multiple daughter nodules. The resection margins were negative. The results were ER negative, PgR positive, HER2 negative, and Ki-67 25%. As the prognosis and treatment of invasive lobular carcinoma was unclear, caution was required.},
}

Humans
Female
Middle Aged
*Carcinoma, Lobular/surgery/pathology
*Breast Neoplasms/surgery/pathology
Neoplasm Invasiveness
Mastectomy
*Neoplasms, Multiple Primary/surgery/pathology

@article {pmid41546284,
year = {2025},
author = {Oshima, K and Hasegawa, M and Ogino, Y and Yamaura, M and Anno, K and Yanagisawa, K and Shinke, G and Katsuyama, S and Kinoshita, M and Hiraki, M and Iwagami, Y and Sugimura, K and Yasui, M and Takeda, Y and Murata, K},
title = {[A Case of Ipsilateral Breast Tumor Recurrence in Which a Sentinel Lymph Node Was Identified in the Contralateral Axilla].},
journal = {Gan to kagaku ryoho. Cancer & chemotherapy},
volume = {52},
number = {13},
pages = {1168-1170},
pmid = {41546284},
issn = {0385-0684},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; *Breast Neoplasms/pathology/surgery ; Axilla/pathology ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; *Sentinel Lymph Node/pathology/surgery ; Aged, 80 and over ; Recurrence ; Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy ; },
abstract = {The patient was a female in her 80s. She had undergone Bp+SN for left breast cancer 18 years ago. This time, she was referred to our department because of suspicion of ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence. Breast ultrasound revealed a 15 mm mass in the CA area of left breast, and biopsy revealed IDC, ER+, PgR+, HER2-. The diagnosis was cT1cN0M0, Stage Ⅰ, and the treatment plan was Bt+SN. Preoperative lymphoscintigraphy revealed a single accumulation in the contralateral axillary lymph node. Surgery was performed using the dye method, and the ipsilateral axilla was searched, but no sentinel lymph node was found. However, 1 sentinel lymph node in the contralateral axilla that only had RI uptake was found. Rapid diagnosis was negative for metastasis, so axillary dissection was omitted. Contralateral axillary lymph node metastasis is classified as distant lymph node metastasis according to the breast cancer treatment guidelines. However, contralateral axillary lymph node metastasis observed at the same time as ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence may be treated as regional lymph node metastasis if it is considered to be the result of changes in lymphatic flow caused by the initial surgery.},
}

Humans
Female
*Breast Neoplasms/pathology/surgery
Axilla/pathology
Lymphatic Metastasis
*Sentinel Lymph Node/pathology/surgery
Aged, 80 and over
Recurrence
Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy

@article {pmid41546264,
year = {2025},
author = {Kasagawa, T and Fujimori, T and Ishii, N and Ozaki, D and Yonemori, Y and Yasuda, S},
title = {[Three Cases of Esophageal Metastasis from Breast Cancer with Different Clinical Courses Based on Treatment Strategies].},
journal = {Gan to kagaku ryoho. Cancer & chemotherapy},
volume = {52},
number = {13},
pages = {1110-1112},
pmid = {41546264},
issn = {0385-0684},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; *Esophageal Neoplasms/secondary/therapy ; Aged, 80 and over ; *Breast Neoplasms/pathology/therapy ; Aged ; Middle Aged ; Fatal Outcome ; },
abstract = {Esophageal metastasis from breast cancer is rare and seldom diagnosed before death, with no established standard treatment. We report 3 cases managed at our institution. Case 1:A 78-year-old woman previously underwent surgery for invasive ductal carcinoma(ER+, PgR+, HER2-)at the age of 65. Eight years postoperatively, the first recurrence occurred, followed by progressive dysphagia 5 years later, leading to the diagnosis of esophageal metastasis. Case 2:A 63-year-old woman had surgery at age 48 for invasive ductal carcinoma(ER+, PgR+, HER2-). Fourteen years postoperatively, she experienced a recurrence, and 1 month later, rapidly progressive dysphagia developed, resulting in the diagnosis of esophageal metastasis. Case 3:An 81-year-old woman was diagnosed with stage Ⅳ(bone)invasive ductal carcinoma(ER+, PgR+, HER2-)at age 73. After 8 years of systemic treatment, esophageal metastasis was diagnosed. In Cases 1 and 3, radiation therapy was selected, leading to symptomatic improvement and maintenance of oral intake until death. In contrast, Case 2, complicated by interstitial pneumonia, was treated with chemotherapy, but symptoms did not improve, and the patient remained unable to take food orally until death.},
}

Humans
Female
*Esophageal Neoplasms/secondary/therapy
Aged, 80 and over
*Breast Neoplasms/pathology/therapy
Aged
Middle Aged
Fatal Outcome

@article {pmid41546245,
year = {2025},
author = {Sakurai, K and Suzuki, S and Adachi, K and Hirano, T and Kubota, H and Nagae, J and Sakamoto, A and Fujisaki, S and Ono, T and Tsuji, T},
title = {[A Case of T4b Breast Cancer That Developed 17 Years after Radiofrequency Ablation].},
journal = {Gan to kagaku ryoho. Cancer & chemotherapy},
volume = {52},
number = {13},
pages = {1055-1057},
pmid = {41546245},
issn = {0385-0684},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; Middle Aged ; *Breast Neoplasms/pathology/therapy/surgery ; *Radiofrequency Ablation ; Time Factors ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use ; Mastectomy ; *Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/surgery/therapy ; Neoplasm Staging ; },
abstract = {We report a case of T4b breast cancer that developed 17 years after radiofrequency ablation(RFA). The patient was a 64- year-old woman. She had been diagnosed with left breast cancer 17 years ago and had undergone RFA. After radiation therapy, she had been administered AI drugs for 5 years. She was diagnosed with a mass in her left breast and visited our department. At the time of admission, a mass measuring 7 cm in diameter was palpable in her left breast. A needle biopsy revealed the diagnosis of invasive ductal carcinoma. A systemic examination revealed no obvious distant metastasis. A pectoral muscle-sparing mastectomy+partial pectoralis major muscle resection+axillary lymph node dissection+reconstruction using a rhomboid flap was performed. Histopathological findings of the resected specimen showed invasive ductal carcinoma, tumor diameter 53 mm, negative resection margin, and no lymph node metastasis. ER positive, PgR positive, HER2 positive, Ki-67 30%, and the diagnosis was T4bN0M0, Stage ⅢB. After postoperative chemotherapy, radiation therapy was performed. After that, trastuzumab+pertuzumab was administered 17 times. Currently, the patient is being followed up with fulvestrant. Two years after surgery, there has been no obvious metastasis or recurrence.},
}

Humans
Female
Middle Aged
*Breast Neoplasms/pathology/therapy/surgery
*Radiofrequency Ablation
Time Factors
Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use
Mastectomy
*Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/surgery/therapy
Neoplasm Staging

@article {pmid41546236,
year = {2025},
author = {Adachi, K and Nagae, J and Kubota, H and Suzuki, S and Hirano, T and Ishibashi, N and Sakurai, K},
title = {[Bone Only Metastasis Breast Cancer with Effective Disease Control by Primary Tumor Resection-A Case Report].},
journal = {Gan to kagaku ryoho. Cancer & chemotherapy},
volume = {52},
number = {13},
pages = {1029-1031},
pmid = {41546236},
issn = {0385-0684},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; *Breast Neoplasms/pathology/surgery/drug therapy ; Middle Aged ; *Bone Neoplasms/secondary/surgery/drug therapy ; Mastectomy ; *Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/surgery/drug therapy/secondary ; },
abstract = {We report a case of metastatic breast cancer in the bones effectively treated with locoregional surgery. The patient was a 52-year-old woman who presented with an increasing right breast lump. A mass accompanied by skin redness 5 cm in diameter was palpable in the AC area of the right breast. Ultrasonography revealed multiple other masses in the bilateral breasts that were suspected to be malignant. Core needle biopsy led to the diagnosis of invasive ductal carcinoma in both breasts. Tumor marker 1-CTP was elevated, and bone scintigraphy showed multiple abnormal accumulations in the thoracic and lumbar spine, indicating multiple bone metastases. Bilateral mastectomy was first performed for local control. Histopathological diagnosis was invasive ductal carcinoma(scirrhous type)in both breasts, with multiple lesions, hormone receptor positive, and HER2 negative. After surgery, chemotherapy followed by endocrine therapy was administered, and tumor markers decreased, and bone metastases remained stable disease(SD). Two years and 2 months after surgery, no local recurrence or appearance of new lesions have been observed.},
}

Humans
Female
*Breast Neoplasms/pathology/surgery/drug therapy
Middle Aged
*Bone Neoplasms/secondary/surgery/drug therapy
Mastectomy
*Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/surgery/drug therapy/secondary

@article {pmid41546229,
year = {2025},
author = {Sugimoto, Y and Terada, I and Nakamura, S and Aoki, T and Okamoto, J and Yamazaki, H and Zaimoku, R and Tsukioka, Y},
title = {[A Case of Sarcoid-Like Reaction That Was Difficult to Distinguish from Breast Cancer Relapse].},
journal = {Gan to kagaku ryoho. Cancer & chemotherapy},
volume = {52},
number = {13},
pages = {1008-1010},
pmid = {41546229},
issn = {0385-0684},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; *Breast Neoplasms/pathology/drug therapy/diagnosis ; Recurrence ; Aged, 80 and over ; Diagnosis, Differential ; *Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/drug therapy/secondary ; *Sarcoidosis/diagnosis ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography ; },
abstract = {An elderly woman in her 80s with a medical history of rheumatoid arthritis and chronic hepatitis B was diagnosed with Stage Ⅳ, ER-negative, HER2-positive invasive ductal carcinoma of the left breast, with mediastinal lymph node metastases. She received chemotherapy combined with anti-HER2 therapy and achieved a complete remission after 12 months. Three years and 7 months later, FDG-PET/CT revealed enlargement of the left axillary lymph nodes, and they were suggested as recurrences. Radiotherapy was administered, resulting in temporary reduction in lymph node size. However, 10 months later, the lymph nodes re-enlarged and were subsequently surgically resected. Histopathological examination revealed that they were non-caseating granulomas without any evidence of malignancy, consistent with a diagnosis of sarcoid-like reaction. The patient has been followed up postoperatively without recurrence for 12 months.},
}

Humans
Female
*Breast Neoplasms/pathology/drug therapy/diagnosis
Recurrence
Aged, 80 and over
Diagnosis, Differential
*Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/drug therapy/secondary
*Sarcoidosis/diagnosis
Lymphatic Metastasis
Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography

@article {pmid41542527,
year = {2026},
author = {Rima, XY and Majumder, S and Hu, C and Patel, DS and Li, H and Huang, X and Nguyen, KT and Doon-Ralls, J and Nagaraj, CK and Hade, MD and Magaña, SM and Shankar, E and Zhang, X and Stover, DG and Ramaswamy, B and Reátegui, E},
title = {Multidimensional Cellular Micro-Compartments to Model Invasive Lobular Carcinoma Dormancy.},
journal = {bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.64898/2026.01.09.698501},
pmid = {41542527},
issn = {2692-8205},
abstract = {Invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) accounts for 10-15% of breast cancers. Despite favorable responses to anti-estrogen therapy, the dissemination of cancer cells and resistance to therapies are significant risks for patients with ILC. Late recurrences are prevalent in ILC, suggesting that disseminated tumor cell dormancy may be a mechanism preceding their late overt growth into metastatic lesions. Herein, we investigated the relationship between anti-estrogen resistance and dormancy through multidimensional in vitro models. The bioengineered platforms recapitulated the morphological characteristics of ILC and highlighted its distinction from invasive ductal carcinoma. Inducing a dormant phenotype revealed epigenetic changes and enhanced chemical and mechanical sensing of anti-estrogen-resistant ILC cells to the substrate surface, with p27Kip1 signaling playing a central role. We propose this platform as a high-throughput method to investigate the propensity of dormancy and its manifestation via a simplified and expedited approach.},
}

@article {pmid41540462,
year = {2026},
author = {Thabet, DM and Abu Bakr, ASWK},
title = {Immunohistochemical expression of CANT1 and B3GNT3 in invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast: diagnostic and prognostic significance in lymph node metastasis.},
journal = {Diagnostic pathology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1186/s13000-025-01745-9},
pmid = {41540462},
issn = {1746-1596},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Breast cancer is a leading global health concern, with lymph node metastasis (LNM) being a key prognostic factor affecting patient outcomes. Glycosylation-related enzymes such as calcium-activated nucleotidase 1 (CANT1) and Beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 3 (B3GNT3) have been implicated in tumour progression, yet their roles in breast cancer, particularly invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC), are not well defined. This study investigates the immunohistochemical expression and correlation of CANT1 and B3GNT3 in IDC and their potential role in predicting LNM and clinical outcomes.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Slides from paraffin blocks of 140 IDC cases and 108 corresponding metastatic axillary lymph nodes were stained with CANT1 and B3GNT3 antibodies. Associations between markers' immunoreactivity and clinicopathological variables were evaluated. Progression-free survival (PFS) was analysed using the Kaplan-Meier method. The prognostic significance of each variable was evaluated using both univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analyses.

RESULTS: High CANT1 and B3GNT3 expression was observed in 47.1% and 45.7% of cases, respectively. Both markers were significantly associated with tumour grade, tumour stage, Nottingham prognostic index, lymph node status, lymph node ratio, Her2 status, Ki-67 proliferative index and distant metastasis. A significant positive correlation was found between CANT1 and B3GNT3 expression (p < 0.001). Co-expression of both markers was strongly associated with LNM, along with a significant difference in the expression levels of each marker between primary tumours and corresponding LNM. Univariate analysis showed that tumour grade, stage, ER status and high B3GNT3 expression were all significantly associated with worse PFS. Multivariate Cox regression identified B3GNT3 expression, tumour grade and tumour stage as independent predictors of poor prognosis in IDC. High expression levels of CANT1 and B3GNT3 were associated with reduced PFS across all IDC cases (p = 0.035 and p = 0.001, respectively).

CONCLUSIONS: High CANT1 and B3GNT3 expressions are associated with aggressive clinicopathological features in IDC and predict unfavourable outcomes. These markers may serve as potential prognostic indicators and independent predictors of LNM in IDC patients.},
}

@article {pmid41540255,
year = {2026},
author = {Morigny, P and Vondrackova, M and Ji, H and Brejchova, K and Krakovkova, M and Makris, K and Trubacova, R and Samanci, TF and Kaltenecker, D and Ng, SP and Karthikaisamy, V and Chrysostomou, SE and Bidovec, A and Ponce-de-Leon, M and Krauss, T and Seeliger, C and Prokopchuk, O and Martignoni, ME and Claussnitzer, M and Hauner, H and Schweiger, M and Bindels, LB and Berriel Diaz, M and Herzig, S and Lutter, D and Kuda, O and Rohm, M},
title = {Multi-omics profiling of cachexia-targeted tissues reveals a spatio-temporally coordinated response to cancer.},
journal = {Nature metabolism},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {41540255},
issn = {2522-5812},
support = {949017//EC | EU Framework Programme for Research and Innovation H2020 | H2020 Priority Excellent Science | H2020 European Research Council (H2020 Excellent Science - European Research Council)/ ; },
abstract = {Cachexia is a wasting disorder associated with high morbidity and mortality in patients with cancer. Tumour-host interaction and maladaptive metabolic reprogramming are substantial, yet poorly understood, contributors to cachexia. Here we present a comprehensive overview of the spatio-temporal metabolic reprogramming during cachexia, using integrated metabolomics, RNA sequencing and [13]C-glucose tracing data from multiple tissues and tumours of C26 tumour-bearing male mice at different disease stages. We identified one-carbon metabolism as a tissue-overarching pathway characteristic for metabolic wasting in mice and patients and linked to inflammation, glucose hypermetabolism and atrophy in muscle. The same metabolic rewiring also occurred in five additional mouse models, namely Panc02, 8025, Apc[Min], LLC and KPP, and a humanised cachexia mouse model. Together, our study provides a molecular framework for understanding metabolic reprogramming and the multi-tissue metabolite-coordinated response during cancer cachexia progression, with one-carbon metabolism as a tissue-overarching mechanism linked to wasting.},
}

@article {pmid41539423,
year = {2026},
author = {Cingir Koker, S and Mhamane, A and Geppert, J and Shakir, G and Guillamat-Prats, R and Chen, B and Katra, P and Geiger, M and Tsokanos, FF and Wolff, G and Szendrödi, J and Rohm, M and Daniel, C and Maegdefessel, L and Steffens, S and Herzig, S},
title = {Nuclear receptor co-factor TBL1X/TBL1XR1 T cell activity protects against atherosclerosis.},
journal = {Molecular metabolism},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {102318},
doi = {10.1016/j.molmet.2026.102318},
pmid = {41539423},
issn = {2212-8778},
abstract = {Atherosclerosis is a long-term complication of obesity and diabetes and as such a key driver of vascular dysfunction and eventually mortality in affected patients. Both aberrant lipid metabolism and inflammatory reactions promote atherosclerotic plaque development in the vessel wall by triggering a cascade of cellular events involving multiple cell types, including smooth muscle cells, monocytic macrophages, and lymphocytes. Despite its eminent impact on human health, molecular drivers of cellular dysfunction in atherosclerosis remain poorly defined and therapeutic options are scarce. Here we show by single-cell RNA sequencing that the expression of the nuclear receptor co-factors, TBL1X and TBL1XR1, was particularly prominent in the CD4[+] T cell population of human carotid artery plaques. Indeed, genetic double deletion of TBL1X/TBL1XR1 in CD4[+] T cells led to a substantial shift from naïve CD44[low]CD62L[hi] cells to CD44[hi]CD62L[low] effector and Foxp3[+] Tregs. CD4[+] TBL1X/TBL1XR1 KO cells exhibited enhanced cytokine production capacity upon ionomycin/PMA stimulation, correlating with the induction of pro-inflammatory and cytokine-producing transcriptional pathways in these cells. Consistently, transplantation of bone marrow from CD4[+]-specific TBL1X/TBL1XR1 knock out mice into LDLR KO recipients doubled the development of atherosclerotic plaques in the aortic arch compared with wild-type bone marrow transplanted littermates. As TBL1X/TBL1XR1 expression levels were diminished in carotid arteries from patients with advanced unstable plaques compared to stable plaques or healthy controls, these data suggest that aberrant inhibition of TBL1X/TBL1XR1 in CD4[+] T cells may contribute to the development of atherosclerosis in humans. Restoration of TBL1X/TBL1XR1 functionality may thus serve as a novel, druggable strategy for preventing or limiting atherosclerosis progression.},
}

@article {pmid41538117,
year = {2026},
author = {Holmes, DR and Manoian, S and Rahman, RL and Ward, RC and Carp, NZ and Plaza, M and Kozlowski, K and Abe, S and Bailey, L and Kruper, L and Jones, V and Patterson, S and Tamayo, J and Littrup, P},
title = {Cryoablation: A Minimally Invasive Alternative for Early-Stage Breast Cancer: 6-Year Outcomes of the FROST Clinical Trial.},
journal = {Annals of surgical oncology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {41538117},
issn = {1534-4681},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Cryoablation is emerging as a minimally invasive alternative to lumpectomy for select women with early-stage breast cancer. The FROST trial (NCT01992250) was a prospective, phase 2 multicenter study evaluating the outcome of cryoablation in the management of stage I, hormone receptor-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative, node-negative invasive ductal carcinoma.

METHODS: Women 50 years old or older with unifocal, ultrasound-visible tumors were stratified by age: stratum 1 (age ≥70 years, endocrine therapy only) and stratum 2 (age 50-69 years, endocrine therapy + radiotherapy + optional sentinel node biopsy). Cryoablation was performed using a single cryoprobe under ultrasound guidance. Core biopsy 6 months after ablation was performed to confirm complete ablation. Patients were followed with clinical exams and imaging.

RESULTS: The study included 83 completed cryoablations and follow-up evaluations. The median tumor size was 9 mm. More than 85% of the subjects in each group received endocrine therapy (stratum 1 [89%, 43/48], stratum 2 [85.7%, 30/35]) and 74.3% (26/35) of the subjects in stratum 2 received recommended whole-breast radiation. Of the 83 patients, 82 received a post-ablation core biopsy 6 months after cryoablation showing no residual cancer, and 1 patient declined a core biopsy. During a median follow-up period of 6.1 years, the 5-year ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence rate (IBTR) was 3.64% overall (stratum 1, 2.08%; stratum 2, 5.80%). The invasive IBTR-free survival rate was 97.59% overall (stratum 1, 97.92%; stratum 2, 97.14%). No serious adverse events occurred.

CONCLUSIONS: The FROST trial adds to the growing body of literature supporting the efficacy and safety of cryoablation and supports ongoing research on cryoablation as a strategy for de-escalating breast cancer therapy.},
}

@article {pmid41536970,
year = {2025},
author = {Kitagawa, Y and Miki, H and Yamamoto, T and Sakai, Y and Watanabe, J and Fukunaga, Y},
title = {Atypical Intestinal Metastases from Invasive Lobular Carcinoma of the Breast: Two Surgical Cases Mimicking Primary Gastrointestinal Tumors.},
journal = {Surgical case reports},
volume = {11},
number = {1},
pages = {},
pmid = {41536970},
issn = {2198-7793},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Gastrointestinal metastasis arising from invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) of the breast is a rare but clinically significant manifestation. Unlike invasive ductal carcinoma, ILC has a higher propensity to metastasize into the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, often presenting with non-specific symptoms and mimicking primary GI tumors. Its accurate diagnosis requires a high index of suspicion and immunohistochemical (IHC) confirmation. Herein, we report 2 cases of intestinal metastases from ILC presenting with bowel stenosis.

CASE PRESENTATION: Case 1 involved a 45-year-old woman with no known primary malignancy, who presented with duodenal and small bowel strictures. CT revealed narrowing of the small intestine, along with multiple sclerotic bone lesions. Surgical resection was performed, following which histopathological examination revealed ILC with a characteristic IHC profile (CK7[+], CK20[-], GATA3[+], CDX2[-], E-cadherin[-]). Retrospective breast imaging and biopsy confirmed a diagnosis of primary ILC. Case 2 involved a 57-year-old woman with a known history of luminal-type ILC. At 56 months postoperatively, bone metastasis was detected and PET-CT revealed uptake in the sigmoid colon. Furthermore, colonoscopy demonstrated stricture with no visible mucosal lesions. Surgical resection was subsequently performed, following which IHC confirmed metastatic ILC with a receptor status (ER[+], PgR[+], HER2[-]) matching that of the primary tumor.

CONCLUSIONS: These cases demonstrate the diagnostic challenges posed by GI metastases arising from ILC, particularly due to submucosal infiltration and lack of endoscopic findings. IHC plays a critical role in differentiating these lesions from primary GI tumors. Although surgical resection may not prolong survival, it is valuable for symptomatic relief and for establishing a definitive diagnosis. Surgeons should be aware of the risk of ILC metastasizing into the GI tract. In patients presenting with atypical intestinal stenosis-particularly those with a history of ILC-metastasis should be considered. In such cases, IHC-guided diagnosis is essential.},
}

@article {pmid41287212,
year = {2026},
author = {Davies, I and Turland, A and Tran, HD and Wong, C and Cahn, O and Dunsterville, C and Sun, Y and Xiao, Y and Murphy, KG and Bloom, SR and Jones, B and Tan, TMM},
title = {A metabolic comparison of GIPR agonism versus GIPR antagonism in male mice.},
journal = {Diabetes, obesity & metabolism},
volume = {28},
number = {2},
pages = {1160-1167},
pmid = {41287212},
issn = {1463-1326},
support = {MR/N014103/1//MRC Doctoral Training Partnership/ ; //Metsera Inc/ ; //NIHR BRC/ ; //Eli Lilly LRAP programme/ ; 310835/Z/24/Z/WT_/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom ; 301619/Z/23/Z/WT_/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom ; 18/0005886/DUK_/Diabetes UK/United Kingdom ; 20/0006295/DUK_/Diabetes UK/United Kingdom ; MR/Y00132X/1/MRC_/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom ; MR/X021467/1/MRC_/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom ; MR/Y013980/1/MRC_/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom ; BB/W001497/1/BB_/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom ; BB/X017273/1/BB_/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Receptors, Gastrointestinal Hormone/agonists/antagonists & inhibitors ; Male ; Mice ; *Obesity/metabolism/drug therapy/etiology ; Diet, High-Fat/adverse effects ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide/pharmacology ; Insulin Resistance ; Liver/metabolism/drug effects ; Energy Metabolism/drug effects ; Triglycerides/metabolism ; Adipose Tissue/metabolism/drug effects ; Eating/drug effects ; Blood Glucose/metabolism ; Body Weight/drug effects ; Weight Loss/drug effects ; },
abstract = {AIMS: Targeting the glucose dependent insulinotropic polypeptide receptor (GIPR) is of growing interest for treating type 2 diabetes and obesity, though the optimal approach remains unclear. Both GIPR agonism and antagonism, respectively, incorporated into drugs like tirzepatide and maridebart cafraglutide, have paradoxically both shown significant weight loss effects in humans.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this study, the metabolic impacts of a GIPR agonist (GIP108) and antagonist (NN-GIPR-Ant) were evaluated in lean and high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese male mice. We assessed the impacts on food intake, body weight, glucose and insulin tolerance, liver triglyceride levels, bone markers and adipose tissue lipolytic gene expression.

RESULTS: In lean mice, neither peptide affected food intake or body weight, but GIP108 improved glucose tolerance. In obese mice, both agents reduced food intake and body weight, with NN-GIPR-Ant producing more sustained appetite suppression. Energy expenditure remained unchanged, as weight loss matched that of pair-fed controls. GIP108 improved glucose tolerance independently of weight loss, whereas NN-GIPR-Ant reduced insulin sensitivity compared to pair-fed controls. Both treatments slightly increased liver triglyceride content compared to their pair-fed controls, and no treatment significantly affected plasma bone marker levels. Finally, NN-GIPR-Ant reduced the expression of adipose tissue lipolytic genes.

CONCLUSIONS: Our data highlights the distinct metabolic effects of GIPR agonism and antagonism, offering insights for their future application in personalised metabolic disease treatments. Further human studies are needed to understand the long-term metabolic impacts of these therapies.},
}

Animals
*Receptors, Gastrointestinal Hormone/agonists/antagonists & inhibitors
Male
Mice
*Obesity/metabolism/drug therapy/etiology
Diet, High-Fat/adverse effects
Mice, Inbred C57BL
Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide/pharmacology
Insulin Resistance
Liver/metabolism/drug effects
Energy Metabolism/drug effects
Triglycerides/metabolism
Adipose Tissue/metabolism/drug effects
Eating/drug effects
Blood Glucose/metabolism
Body Weight/drug effects
Weight Loss/drug effects

@article {pmid41536875,
year = {2026},
author = {Nakai, G and Yamada, T and Tanaka, T and Yamamoto, K and Osuga, K},
title = {Two cases of uterine metastasis from breast cancer: Radiologic-pathologic correlation and literature review.},
journal = {Radiology case reports},
volume = {21},
number = {3},
pages = {1191-1200},
doi = {10.1016/j.radcr.2025.11.081},
pmid = {41536875},
issn = {1930-0433},
abstract = {Uterine metastasis from breast cancer is extremely rare and often misdiagnosed as primary uterine neoplasm due to nonspecific imaging features. We present 2 cases illustrating the radiologic-pathologic correlation of uterine metastases. Patient 1 was an 81-year-old woman with a history of invasive ductal carcinoma. Pelvic Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a well-circumscribed uterine mass with intermediate signal intensity (SI) on T2-weighted images (T2WI), high SI on diffusion-weighted images (DWI), and minimal contrast enhancement. Patient 2 was a 67-year-old woman with prior invasive lobular carcinoma, presenting with abnormal uterine bleeding 18 years after initial treatment. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a lobulated mass in the posterior uterine wall showing heterogeneous T2 SI and high SI on DWI, resembling a degenerative leiomyoma. In both cases, the myometrium was diffusely thickened, with low to mildly high SI on T2-weighted images (T2WI) and mildly high SI on DWI. No discrete lesions were observed in the cervix on imaging. Radiologic-pathologic correlation confirmed metastatic involvement of the uterus, including the cervix, either diffusely or focally. MR findings may be influenced by the stromal composition of metastatic lesions and by the morphologic diversity of metastases-features that parallel those seen in primary breast cancer. Because metastatic lesions may mimic leiomyomas or remain occult, diagnosis should not rely on T2 SI alone. Rather, the combination of multiplicity, DWI hyperintensity, and clinical history should be considered. Clinicians should maintain a low threshold for endometrial biopsy in conjunction with serum tumor marker assessment during the diagnostic evaluation of uterine lesions.},
}

@article {pmid41533600,
year = {2026},
author = {Sato, S and Urabe, F and Iwamoto, Y and Iwatani, K and Imai, Y and Tashiro, K and Umemori, M and Miki, J and Shimoda, M and Kimura, T and Takahashi, H},
title = {Prognostic impact of intraductal carcinoma of the prostate and PTEN loss in metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer treated with androgen receptor pathway inhibitors.},
journal = {Japanese journal of clinical oncology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/jjco/hyaf214},
pmid = {41533600},
issn = {1465-3621},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Intraductal carcinoma of the prostate (IDC-P) and phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) alteration are established adverse features in prostate cancer. However, their coexistence and prognostic relevance in the era of androgen receptor pathway inhibitor (ARPI) therapy for metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer (mCSPC) remain unclear, particularly in Japanese populations. We evaluated the prevalence, concordance, and prognostic significance of IDC-P and PTEN loss in patients with mCSPC treated with ARPI plus androgen deprivation therapy (ADT).

METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed consecutive patients with mCSPC who received ARPI plus ADT between February 2018 and June 2024 across three Japanese institutions. IDC-P was assessed on hematoxylin-eosin-stained biopsy specimens. PTEN loss was defined as ≥90% absence of cytoplasmic staining, consistent with the CAPItello-281 trial criteria. The primary endpoint was castration-resistant prostate cancer-free survival (CRPC-FS). Overall survival was evaluated as a secondary endpoint. Survival outcomes were assessed using Kaplan-Meier analysis and multivariable Cox regression modeling.

RESULTS: In total, 121 patients were included. IDC-P was identified in 68.6% of biopsy specimens, and PTEN loss in 15.7%. Patients with IDC-P more frequently presented with CHAARTED high-volume and LATITUDE high-risk disease. During a median follow-up of 36 months, 44 patients (36.4%) developed CRPC. IDC-P was independently associated with shorter CRPC-FS [hazard ratio [HR] 2.4, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.14-5.04; P = .02], whereas PTEN loss was not significantly associated with CRPC-FS or overall survival. Combined assessment of IDC-P and PTEN loss did not demonstrate additive prognostic value.

CONCLUSION: In this multicenter Japanese cohort, IDC-P, but not PTEN loss, independently predicted earlier progression to CRPC in patients with mCSPC treated with ARPI plus ADT. The limited overlap between IDC-P and PTEN loss suggests distinct biological mechanisms in Japanese populations. IDC-P remains a strong morphologic indicator of aggressive disease, whereas PTEN loss may serve as a therapeutic biomarker for phosphoinositide 3-kinase/AKT-targeted strategies.},
}

@article {pmid41532824,
year = {2026},
author = {Lawal, IO and Seidel, R and Li, X and Nayar, J and Mankoff, DA and Schuster, DM},
title = {[18F]Fluoroestradiol Uptake in Benign Nodular Sclerosing Adenosis of the Breast.},
journal = {Clinical nuclear medicine},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1097/RLU.0000000000006332},
pmid = {41532824},
issn = {1536-0229},
abstract = {A 70-year-old woman with estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) of the right breast underwent 18F-fluoroestradiol (18F-FES) PET/CT demonstrating uptake in the IDC (SUVmax 2.5) and also extensive 18F-FES uptake in bilateral breasts corresponding to marked bilateral background enhancement on MRI. MRI-guided biopsy of a representative enhancing 18F-FES-avid region in the left breast (SUVmax 3.5) revealed nodular sclerosing adenosis without cellular atypia or malignancy, but with 30% ER positivity on immunohistochemistry. False-positive uptake of 18F-FES is reported in irradiated lung and interstitial lung disease. This case highlights another mechanism of false-positive 18F-FES uptake due to ER overexpression in benign breast tissue.},
}

@article {pmid41531577,
year = {2025},
author = {Nishimura, H and Mine, Y and Takahashi, Y and Deshpande, GA and Watanabe, J and Kutomi, G and Naito, T},
title = {Estrogen Receptor-Low Breast Cancer With Sternal Metastasis Presenting as "Stiff Neck" in a Young Female.},
journal = {Cureus},
volume = {17},
number = {12},
pages = {e99072},
doi = {10.7759/cureus.99072},
pmid = {41531577},
issn = {2168-8184},
abstract = {A previously healthy 20-year-old Japanese woman was referred to the outpatient clinic for evaluation of right neck stiffness, which had persisted for two months, along with weight loss, malaise, and elevated inflammatory markers. On physical examination, spontaneous pain was noted in the right upper trapezius, along with incident pain around both clavicles and shoulders. Swelling was found around the sternal manubrium, and two palpable masses were present in the right breast. A computed tomography scan of the thorax revealed a low-density, lobulated area in the right breast, a soft-tissue mass in the sternal manubrium, multiple lymphadenopathies, and small nodules in the lungs and liver. Core needle biopsy of the breast mass confirmed estrogen receptor (ER)-low invasive ductal carcinoma, and testing for breast cancer susceptibility gene mutations was negative. Systemic chemotherapy was initiated for the treatment of metastatic triple-negative breast cancer. Breast cancer causing neck or shoulder pain is rare. The right neck stiffness likely resulted from brachial plexus compression due to bulky right axillary lymphadenopathy, leading to thoracic outlet syndrome. Lung metastasis could also cause referred pain through the vagus nerve. This case presented an atypical manifestation of "stiff neck" associated with thoracic tumors. Notably, the patient initially hesitated to share key symptoms, which may have contributed to a delayed diagnosis. We believe that the rapid progression of her lesions may have heightened her anxiety, which in turn further impaired her communication with the medical staff.},
}

@article {pmid41529373,
year = {2026},
author = {Erkan, S and Ghadage, K and Meister, P},
title = {Chromosome organization by Structural Maintenance of Chromosomes complexes in C. elegans.},
journal = {Current opinion in genetics & development},
volume = {96},
number = {},
pages = {102430},
doi = {10.1016/j.gde.2025.102430},
pmid = {41529373},
issn = {1879-0380},
abstract = {Genome folding is a key regulator of transcription, chromosome segregation, and genome stability. In Caenorhabditis elegans, chromatin folding strategies have diverged from those observed in mammals or flies, resulting in the absence of visible topologically associating domains (TADs) on autosomes. Here, condensin I, rather than cohesin, serves as the primary long-range loop extruder, while distinct cohesin isoforms specialize in mitotic cohesion and loop extrusion, forming enhancer-associated 'fountains' that modulate neuronal gene expression. On the X chromosome, dosage compensation depends on the dosage compensation complex, which incorporates a specialized condensin I[DC] to establish TADs, regulate chromatin states, and repress transcription. These multilayered mechanisms illustrate the evolutionary versatility of 3D genome organization and its intimate links to development, physiology, and lifespan, positioning C. elegans as a powerful model for dissecting structural maintenance of chromosomes-mediated genome regulation.},
}

@article {pmid41526590,
year = {2026},
author = {Del Riego, J and Estandía, C and Aynes, C and Campmany, A and Pallarés, F and Triginer, S and Papaleo, N and López, A and Aparicio, O and Dalmau, E and Tortajada, L},
title = {Upgrade to malignancy after excision of MRI-only B3 breast lesions: should the size and histological type of the lesion be considered for therapeutic management?.},
journal = {Insights into imaging},
volume = {17},
number = {1},
pages = {12},
pmid = {41526590},
issn = {1869-4101},
abstract = {OBJECTIVES: To determine the rate of malignancy upgrade in MRI-only B3 lesions and to identify clinical, imaging, and histological features that can predict upgrade.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective single-center study included MRI-only lesions diagnosed as B3 after MRI-guided vacuum-assisted biopsy and excised between January 2007 and March 2023. We calculated upgrade rates for the entire series and for subgroups based on possible risk factors. To analyze variables considered risk factors for upgrade, we used logistic regression, calculating odds ratios (OR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI).

RESULTS: Of 592 lesions biopsied, 89 (15.03%) were classified as B3. After excluding 30 lesions because excisional specimen results were unavailable, we analyzed 59 lesions in 51 patients. Biopsy classified 15 (25.4%) lesions as pure atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH), 27 (45.8%) as pure flat epithelial atypia (FEA), 12 (20.3%) as mixed lesions, and 5 (8.5%) as lobular neoplasia. A total of 7 (11.9%) lesions were upgraded to malignancy (71.4% to ductal carcinoma in situ, 14.3% to invasive ductal carcinoma, and 4.3% to invasive lobular carcinoma). Although histological type was not associated with upgrade to malignancy (p = 0.47), 20% of pure ADH and only 3.7% of pure FEA lesions were upgraded. Larger lesion size on MRI was associated with upgrade [6.25% of lesions ≤ 20 mm vs. 36.4% of those > 20 mm, p = 0.02; OR 8.57 (95% CI: 1.57‒46.71) p = 0.01].

CONCLUSION: Lesion size may predict upgrade in MRI-only B3 lesions independent of histological type; imaging follow-up may suffice for FEA lesions measuring < 20 mm.

CRITICAL RELEVANCE STATEMENT: Considering lesion size and histological type could help define the management of MRI-only lesions classified as B3 after MRI-guided vacuum-assisted biopsy.

KEY POINTS: The management of MRI-only B3 lesions has yet to be established. Lesion size is a relevant factor to consider when deciding clinical management in MRI-only B3 lesions. Conservative management appears to be safe in selected flat epithelial atypia lesions (< 20 mm).},
}

@article {pmid41526224,
year = {2026},
author = {Wu, ZS and Huang, SM and Huang, YH},
title = {Tramadol induced hypoxia signaling and paraptosis-like cell death in breast cancer cells via HIF-1α and ATF4 dependent pathways.},
journal = {Redox report : communications in free radical research},
volume = {31},
number = {1},
pages = {2588866},
doi = {10.1080/13510002.2025.2588866},
pmid = {41526224},
issn = {1743-2928},
mesh = {Humans ; *Tramadol/pharmacology ; *Activating Transcription Factor 4/metabolism/genetics ; *Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit/metabolism/genetics ; *Breast Neoplasms/metabolism/drug therapy/pathology ; Female ; Signal Transduction/drug effects ; Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress/drug effects ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism ; Cell Death/drug effects ; MCF-7 Cells ; Cell Survival/drug effects ; Cell Hypoxia/drug effects ; Paraptosis ; },
abstract = {OBJECTIVES: Tramadol, a clinically approved analgesic widely used for managing postoperative pain, has recently been shown to possess anticancer properties in several tumor models, especially in breast cancer. In this study, we explored the intricate molecular mechanisms by which tramadol induces cytotoxicity in breast cancer cell lines.

METHODS: Two invasive ductal carcinoma lines MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 were used to verify the molecular cytotoxicity of tramadol using cell viability analysis, flow cytometry analysis, real-time polymerase chain reaction, western blotting, Seahorse biogenetic, and transmission electron microscopy analyses.

RESULTS: Our findings demonstrate that tramadol induces the normoxic stabilization and nuclear translocation of hypoxia-inducible factor- 1 alpha (HIF-1α) to activate hypoxia responsive genes. Concurrently, tramadol triggers endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and activates the p-eIF2α/ATF4/CHOP signaling axis, leading to the generation of reactive oxygen species, impaired autophagy, mitochondrial dysfunction, including mitochondrial membrane depolarization and the decline of ATP production, cytoplasmic vacuolization, and lipid droplet accumulation which is characteristics of paraptosis-like cell death. Notably, the knockout of HIF-1α or ATF4 significantly reduced tramadol-induced cytotoxicity, highlighting their crucial roles in mediating these cellular responses.

CONCLUSION: Tramadol induced breast cancer cell death via paraptosis which highlights its therapeutic potential in targeting resistant cancer subtypes such as triple-negative breast cancer.},
}

Humans
*Tramadol/pharmacology
*Activating Transcription Factor 4/metabolism/genetics
*Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit/metabolism/genetics
*Breast Neoplasms/metabolism/drug therapy/pathology
Female
Signal Transduction/drug effects
Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress/drug effects
Cell Line, Tumor
Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism
Cell Death/drug effects
MCF-7 Cells
Cell Survival/drug effects
Cell Hypoxia/drug effects
Paraptosis

@article {pmid41524503,
year = {2026},
author = {Divband, G and Chehrara, M and Khodakarim, N and Nafissi, N and Hassanzadeh, L and Amini, H},
title = {Heterogeneous Response After [177Lu]Lu-FAPI-2286 Combination Therapy in Metastatic Breast Cancer.},
journal = {Clinical nuclear medicine},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1097/RLU.0000000000006242},
pmid = {41524503},
issn = {1536-0229},
abstract = {A 37-year-old woman with metastatic invasive ductal carcinoma, resistant to anti-HER2 therapy, underwent [177Lu]Lu-FAPI-2286 radionuclide therapy combined with antibody-drug conjugate chemotherapy. Baseline [68Ga]Ga-FAPI-2286 PET/CT confirmed extensive fibroblast activation protein expression in metastatic sites. After 5 cycles, follow-up imaging showed a significant reduction in FAPI uptake in skin lesions, resolution of bone lesions, and decreased pleural thickening. Clinically, the patient reported pain relief and resolution of lymphedema. However, new metastases emerged in cervical, mediastinal, and abdominopelvic lymph nodes, indicating a heterogeneous response, and biopsy of these newly emerged lymph nodes confirmed disease recurrence.},
}

@article {pmid41523374,
year = {2025},
author = {Yoshida, M and Oura, S},
title = {Ultrasound Findings of Breast Cancer in Dialysis Patients Require Careful Evaluation: A Case Report.},
journal = {Cureus},
volume = {17},
number = {12},
pages = {e98937},
pmid = {41523374},
issn = {2168-8184},
abstract = {Literature on the effects of renal failure on breast imaging in breast cancer patients on dialysis is scarce. A 73-year-old woman on dialysis noticed a mass in her left breast. In the left breast, which consisted entirely of fat tissue, mammography revealed two spiculated masses. Ultrasound also showed two irregular masses with internal low echoes, slightly attenuated posterior echoes, obscured margins, high depth-to-width ratios, no halos, and widespread peritumoral high echoes. In addition to axillary lymphadenopathy, MRI of the masses showed low signals on T1-weighted images and weakly high signals on fat-suppressed T2-weighted images. Core needle biopsy of the mass pathologically revealed atypical cells growing in trabecular and tubular patterns, with interstitial connective tissue proliferation and fat invasion, leading to a diagnosis of invasive ductal carcinoma. Due to impaired renal function, the patient underwent primary surgery, including a partial mastectomy and axillary lymph node dissection. Postoperative pathological examination showed scirrhous-type invasive ductal carcinomas infiltrating the surrounding fat tissue, nine metastatic lymph nodes, and abundant fat tissue with very scant mammary gland around the tumors. The patient had higher-than-usual postoperative drainage volumes, which varied from day to day, presumably due to the effects of dialysis. Despite a large 100 mL drainage volume on the fifth postoperative day, the patient was discharged on day six per her preference. Diagnostic physicians should note that breast cancer patients on dialysis can present with atypical breast imaging compared with patients without renal failure and should be treated with optimal surgical procedures based on thorough image evaluation.},
}

@article {pmid41521709,
year = {2026},
author = {Bujassoum Al-Bader, S and Al-Mulla, H and Al-Habish, H and Kusasi, S and Abduo, N and Bakheet, N and Ghazouani, H and Sidenna, M and Abbaszadeh, F and Alsulaiman, R},
title = {Identifying a Recurrent BRCA1 Variant in the Qatari Population With Unique Genotype-Phenotype Correlations.},
journal = {Molecular genetics & genomic medicine},
volume = {14},
number = {1},
pages = {e70144},
doi = {10.1002/mgg3.70144},
pmid = {41521709},
issn = {2324-9269},
support = {//Hamad Medical Corporation/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; Qatar/epidemiology ; *BRCA1 Protein/genetics ; Adult ; Middle Aged ; *Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer Syndrome/genetics/epidemiology/pathology ; Genetic Association Studies ; Male ; Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Ovarian Neoplasms/genetics ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndrome (HBOC) is the most common cause of hereditary breast and ovarian cancers in Qatar and worldwide, which is caused by pathogenic variants in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes. The aim of this retrospective study is to describe a common recurrent pathogenic variant in the BRCA1 gene that was observed in the native Qatari population with unique genotype-phenotype correlations.

METHODS: Medical records of Qatari patients (affected and unaffected) with personal and/or family history of breast and ovarian cancers who carry pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants in the BRCA1 gene were reviewed between 2013 and 2020. Epidemiological information and clinical data were reviewed, including age, gender, ethnic background, personal history of cancer, tumour characteristics, and family history. We used frequencies and proportions to describe the data and used Kaplan-Meier curves and log-rank analysis to compare survival rates. For the analysis, we used Stata Corp. 2015. Stata Statistical Software: Release 14, College Station, TX: Stata Corp. LP.

ETHICAL COMPLIANCE: Ethical committee approval was obtained from Hamad Medical Corporation IRB committee (MRC-01-20-1086).

RESULT: Sixty-three Qatari affected patients and unaffected individuals who carry the BRCA1 variant were included in the study. Our result confirms the presence of a common recurrent pathogenic variant c.4787C>A p.(Ser1596Ter) among Qatari patients who belong to 8 consanguineous large families, followed by c.4065_4068del p.Asn1355fs, both in BRCA1. The BRCA1 c.4787C>A variant is highly associated with early onset breast cancer, specifically invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) triple negative breast cancer (stage I, grade III), rather than ovarian cancer. Additionally, the c.4787C>A variant was found to exhibit high penetrance in families with early-onset breast cancer.

CONCLUSION: We showed that BRCA1 c.4787C>A pathogenic variant is a highly recurrent variant among Qatari consanguineous families and contributes to the early onset breast cancer in Qatar. Early identification of this variant can aid in improving patients' survival and guide early personalized treatment and prevention.},
}

Humans
Female
Qatar/epidemiology
*BRCA1 Protein/genetics
Adult
Middle Aged
*Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer Syndrome/genetics/epidemiology/pathology
Genetic Association Studies
Male
Aged
Retrospective Studies
Ovarian Neoplasms/genetics

@article {pmid41519706,
year = {2026},
author = {Adamson, B and van Boemmel-Wegmann, S and Horne, E and Soares, S and Zhang, Q and Kovacevic, L and Boualam, N and Somavanshi, R and Dorst, I and Sujenthiran, A and Buhl, C},
title = {Real-world evidence from Germany: representativeness analysis and mortality endpoint validation in electronic health record-derived oncology cohorts.},
journal = {BMC cancer},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1186/s12885-026-15548-8},
pmid = {41519706},
issn = {1471-2407},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: High-quality real-world data (RWD) for oncology research remains limited in Germany despite significant clinical need. Electronic health record (EHR)-derived datasets offer potential to capture longitudinal clinical information, but their value depends on representativeness and data quality. We characterized EHR-derived oncology cohorts from Germany, evaluating alignment with national benchmarks and validating mortality endpoints for real-world evidence generation.

METHODS: We analyzed deidentified EHR data from the Germany Flatiron Health Research Database comprising adult patients diagnosed with breast cancer, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), or colorectal cancer (CRC) between 2016 and 2024. Demographic and clinical characteristics were compared to national benchmarks. Overall survival was estimated using Kaplan-Meier methods. We validated our composite mortality variable against German Cancer Registry data.

RESULTS: The breast cancer cohort (n = 1,305, median age 58 years) included 75% early-stage disease, 80% invasive ductal carcinoma, 67% HR+/HER2-, and 19% triple-negative cases. The NSCLC cohort (n = 866, median age 69 years) comprised 49% stage IV disease, 73% non-squamous histology, and 16% EGFR-positive tumors among tested patients. The CRC cohort (n = 774, median age 67 years) included 31% stage IV disease with 90% receiving primary surgery. Cohort characteristics closely aligned with national benchmarks. Median overall survival from first-line therapy was 26.0 months (breast), 13.4 months (NSCLC), and 21.5 months (CRC). Mortality validation demonstrated 87.7% sensitivity and 91.7% specificity for vital status classification, with 98.8% temporal accuracy within 30 days.

CONCLUSIONS: German EHR-derived cancer cohorts are representative of national populations with validated mortality endpoints, supporting their use for robust real-world evidence generation in oncology research.},
}

@article {pmid41517325,
year = {2025},
author = {McMahon, JE and Craig, A and Cameron, ID},
title = {The Clinical Significance of the Manchester Colour Wheel in a Sample of People Treated for Insured Injuries.},
journal = {Journal of clinical medicine},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {},
pmid = {41517325},
issn = {2077-0383},
abstract = {Background/Objectives: The Manchester Colour Wheel (MCW) was developed as an alternative way of assessing health status, mood and treatment outcomes. There has been a dearth of research on this alternative assessment approach. The present study examines the sensitivity of the MCW to pain, psychological factors and recovery status in 1098 people with insured injuries treated in an interdisciplinary clinic. Methods: A deidentified data set of clients treated in a multidisciplinary clinic was conveyed to the researchers, containing results of MCW and injury-specific psychometric tests at intake, as well as recovery status at discharge. Systematic machine modelling was applied. Results: There were no significant differences between the four injury types studied: motor crash-related Whiplash Associated Disorder (WAD) and workplace-related Shoulder Injury (SI), Back Injury (BI) and Neck Injury (NI) on the MCW. Augmenting the MCW with Machine Learning (ML) models showed overall classification rates for Classification and Regression Tree (CRT) of 75.6% for Anxiety, 70.3% classified for Depression and 68.5% for Stress, and Quick Unbiased Efficient Statistical Trees could identify 68.5% of Pain Catastrophisation and 62.7% of Kinesiophobia. Combining MCW with psychometric measurements markedly increased the predictive power, with a CRT model predicting WAD recovery status with 80.7% accuracy, SI recovery status 81.7% accuracy and BI recovery status with 78% accuracy. A Naïve Bayes Classifier predicted recovery status in NI with 96.4% accuracy. However, this likely represents overfitting. Conclusions: Overall, MCW augmented with ML offers a promising alternative to questionnaires, and the MCW appears to measure some unique psychological features that contribute to recovery from injury.},
}

@article {pmid41516506,
year = {2025},
author = {Zeng, K and Yu, W and Qin, X and Long, S},
title = {Small-Target Detection Algorithm Based on Improved YOLOv11n.},
journal = {Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {26},
number = {1},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/s26010071},
pmid = {41516506},
issn = {1424-8220},
support = {2025JC-YBMS-255//Research on Semantic Change Detection in PolSAR Images with Limited Samples by Knowledge Guidance and Data Drive/ ; },
abstract = {Target detection in UAV aerial photography scenarios faces challenges of small targets and complex backgrounds. Thus, we proposed an improved YOLOv11n small-target detection algorithm. First, a detection head is added to the 160 × 160 resolution feature layer, and non-adjacent layer feature is fused via Asymptotic Feature Pyramid Network (AFPN) to alleviate feature loss caused by downsampling and reduce cross-level feature conflicts. Second, the Spatial Channel Attention SPPF (SCASPPF) module replaces the original Spatial Pyramid Pooling-Fast (SPPF) module to highlight key features and suppress irrelevant ones. Moreover, the loss function is enhanced by fusing MPDIoU and InnerIoU to boost detection accuracy. Finally, Inception Deep Convolution (IDC) is adopted to improve the C3k2 module, expanding the model's receptive field and enhancing small-target detection performance. Experiments on the Visdrone2019 dataset show that the algorithm achieves 39.256% mAP@0.5, 6.689% higher than 32.567% mAP@0.5 of the benchmark model (YOLOv11n).},
}

@article {pmid41510820,
year = {2026},
author = {Yoon, EJ and Jeong, J and Choi, Y and Kim, DH and Kim, TM and Choi, EK and Kim, YB and Park, D},
title = {Therapeutic effect of amniotic membrane mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosome-rich conditioned medium in cerebral palsy model.},
journal = {Stem cells translational medicine},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {},
pmid = {41510820},
issn = {2157-6580},
support = {NRF-2022R1A2C1003624//Ministry of Education/ ; },
mesh = {*Exosomes/metabolism ; *Mesenchymal Stem Cells/metabolism/cytology ; Culture Media, Conditioned/pharmacology ; Animals ; *Cerebral Palsy/therapy/pathology ; Humans ; *Amnion/cytology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Rats ; Cell Differentiation/drug effects ; Female ; Apoptosis/drug effects ; Oligodendroglia/metabolism ; Male ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Cerebral palsy (CP), primarily caused by perinatal cerebral hypoxia and ischemia, is a devastating neurological disease in children characterized by motor, behavioral, and cognitive disorders. This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effects of amniotic membrane mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosome-rich conditioned medium (ERCM) in a CP model.

METHODS: ERCM components were analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Biodistribution was examined via fluorescence-labeled ERCM in both normal and CP induced animals. In vitro, the neuroprotective effects of ERCM against lipopolysaccharide and potassium cyanide-induced cytotoxicity were assessed in human neural stem cells and oligodendrocyte progenitor cells, focusing on apoptosis, inflammation, and oligodendrocyte differentiation. In vivo, ERCM was injected into CP-induced animals, followed by evaluation of antiapoptotic and anti-inflammatory signaling, motor and cognitive function, and white matter integrity.

RESULTS: ERCM contained a broad array of growth factors and demonstrated enhanced retention in CP-affected brain regions. In vitro, ERCM significantly reduced apoptos is and inflammation, and promoted oligodendrocyte maturation via upregulation of Nkx2.2, CN Pase, and MBP. In vivo, ERCM treatment improved motor and cognitive performance, in hibited cell death and inflammatory responses, and increased expression of oligodendrocyte markers, including Nkx2.2, Olig2, CNPase, and MBP via increasing growth factor expression. Furthermore, ERCM attenuated demyelination in the corpus callosum, a region particularly vulnerable in CP.

CONCLUSION: ERCM confers therapeutic benefits in CP by preserving neural stem and oligodendrocyte progenitor cells, modulating apoptosis and inflammation, and enhancing oligodendrocyte differentiation. Accordingly, ERCM may present a good candidate as a CP therapeutic agent.},
}

*Exosomes/metabolism
*Mesenchymal Stem Cells/metabolism/cytology
Culture Media, Conditioned/pharmacology
Animals
*Cerebral Palsy/therapy/pathology
Humans
*Amnion/cytology
Disease Models, Animal
Rats
Cell Differentiation/drug effects
Female
Apoptosis/drug effects
Oligodendroglia/metabolism
Male

@article {pmid41510595,
year = {2026},
author = {Mooghal, M and Ali, ZM and Saleem, L and Yaqoob, A and Ahmad, F and Jamal, A},
title = {Evaluating Gentian Violet as a Low-Cost Alternative for Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy in Breast Cancer: A Single-Center Retrospective Study.},
journal = {Asia-Pacific journal of clinical oncology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/ajco.70062},
pmid = {41510595},
issn = {1743-7563},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) reduces morbidity in breast cancer (BC) surgery compared to axillary lymph node dissection. Standard tracers such as vital blue dye (VBD), methylene blue (MB), and radioisotopes (RIs) are effective but costly and logistically challenging. Gentian violet (GV), a low-cost alternative, offers a potential solution for resource-constrained settings.

METHODS: We conducted a single-center retrospective study at Cancer Foundation Hospital, analyzing 40 BC patients who underwent SLNB using GV and RI (January-December 2024). Sentinel lymph node (SLN) detection rates, concordance between GV and RI, and safety profiles were assessed. Detection was compared across tumor grade, histopathology, receptors, and chemotherapy status.

RESULTS: The median patient age was 52 years, with most patients having a BMI between 21 and 30 (72.5%). T2 tumors were the most common (60%), followed by T3 (17.5%). Stage II disease predominated (75%), and invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) was the most frequent histological subtype (70%). Among the cohort, 60% were estrogen/progesterone receptor-positive, 22.5% were triple-positive, and 10% were triple-negative. GV dye successfully identified SLNs in 97.5% of cases, with GV detecting more nodes than RI in 32.5% of patients, while both methods identified the same number in 50% of cases. The false-negative rate for GV was 2.5%. Detection rates were consistent across tumor subtypes, grades, and receptor statuses, with no statistically significant differences (p > 0.05). Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) did not impact SLN detection (p = 0.803). GV dye exhibited a favorable safety profile, with no intraoperative or postoperative complications reported at Days 0, 3-7, and 30. No cases of staining-related reactions, dermatitis, tattooing, or skin necrosis were observed.

CONCLUSIONS: Gentian violet is a safe, effective, and affordable alternative to MB for SLNB in BC. It demonstrates high detection rates and excellent safety, particularly suitable for resource-limited settings. Larger studies are warranted to validate these findings and support broader clinical adoption.},
}

@article {pmid41497941,
year = {2025},
author = {Bendadi, S and Afani, L and Zouiten, O and El Fadli, M and Belbaraka, R},
title = {Paraneoplastic Cerebellar Syndrome Revealing Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 (HER2)-Positive Breast Cancer: A Case Report.},
journal = {Cureus},
volume = {17},
number = {12},
pages = {e98519},
pmid = {41497941},
issn = {2168-8184},
abstract = {Paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration (PCD) is a rare neurological disorder that can precede the diagnosis of an underlying malignancy by several months or even years. We report the case of a 46-year-old woman who presented with progressive gait instability, dysarthria, and nystagmus. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed cerebellar atrophy without any mass lesion, and serologic testing showed strong anti-Yo antibody positivity. Two years later, she was diagnosed with a human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive, hormone receptor-negative invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast. The patient underwent a modified radical mastectomy followed by adjuvant chemotherapy and trastuzumab. Despite appropriate oncologic treatment, her neurological symptoms persisted and gradually worsened. This case highlights the diagnostic challenge of PCD, particularly when neurological manifestations precede tumor detection, and suggests that HER2-positive breast cancer may also be associated with anti-Yo antibodies. Early recognition of this syndrome and systematic malignancy screening are essential to improve patient outcomes.},
}

@article {pmid41494265,
year = {2026},
author = {Chen, Y and Wang, P and Zeng, J and Tan, M and Shan, K and Nie, L and Xue, Y and Wang, T},
title = {MGScreener: A multi-view mammography-based model optimized with active learning for breast cancer diagnosis.},
journal = {Talanta},
volume = {301},
number = {},
pages = {129345},
doi = {10.1016/j.talanta.2025.129345},
pmid = {41494265},
issn = {1873-3573},
abstract = {Breast cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related mortality among women worldwide. Early screening and accurate subtype classification are critical for guiding clinical decision-making. In this study, we present MGScreener, an interpretable multi-view framework that integrates dual-view mammography images, including cranial-caudal (CC) and mediolateral oblique (MLO) views, with patient-level clinical data. The model incorporates an active learning strategy to address two key classification tasks: distinguishing benign from malignant breast lesions and identifying invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) among malignant subtypes. An entropy-based uncertainty sampling method is employed to select highly informative cases from 210 unlabeled samples for prioritized annotation, substantially reducing manual labeling costs. Across two independent test sets, MGScreener-1 achieved an accuracy of 89.7 % and an ROC-AUC of 0.941 for benign-versus-malignant classification (Task 1), while MGScreener-2 achieved an accuracy of 88.2 % and an ROC-AUC of 0.884 for IDC identification (Task 2). With MGScreener assistance, radiologists improved their diagnostic accuracy by more than 10 % compared with independent reading. Overall, MGScreener offers a scalable and effective solution for precise breast cancer screening and molecular subtype classification.},
}

@article {pmid41494160,
year = {2026},
author = {Eldesouky, O and Seebauer, L and Rukwied, R and Carr, R and Roshan, M and Gottlieb, H and Tsilingiris, D and Kopf, S and Herzig, S and Fleming, T and Kessler, J and Szendroedi, J and Schmelz, M and Kender, Z},
title = {Mismatch between intact electrical excitability and lost heat pain in diabetic neuropathy.},
journal = {Pain},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1097/j.pain.0000000000003898},
pmid = {41494160},
issn = {1872-6623},
support = {SFB1158//Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft/ ; SFB1158//Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft/ ; 397846571//Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft/ ; Project Grant//Deutsche Diabetes Gesellschaft/ ; },
abstract = {Patterns of sensory involvement in diabetic neuropathy vary between studies and diagnostic approaches. Although some report early thermal deficits, others find predominant large-fiber changes, and hypersensitivity in early disease is inconsistently observed. Elevated heat pain thresholds (HPTs) may indicate either selective loss of heat transduction or advanced peripheral denervation of polymodal nociceptors. We examined whether thermal and mechanical pain functions align with psychophysical axonal excitability by combining German Research Network on Neuropathic Pain-quantitative sensory testing with slow depolarizing transdermal electrical stimulation of polymodal C-fibers in 66 adults with diabetes mellitus. Neuropathy was assessed by Toronto Consensus Criteria, quantitative sensory testing (QST), questionnaires, and serum neurofilament light chain (NfL) as a marker of axonal damage. Mechanical pain sensitivity correlated with electrically evoked pain (r ≈ 0.60-0.62, both P < 0.0001), consistent with parallel changes in mechanical transduction and axonal excitability, whereas HPT did not correlate with electrical pain. Many individuals with elevated HPT still exhibited strong electrically evoked pain responses, suggesting impaired heat transduction despite preserved superficial axonal excitability. Participants with sensory loss in QST showed reduced sensitivity to electrical stimuli and higher detection and pain thresholds, consistent with more advanced afferent dysfunction. NfL levels generally correlated with sensory impairment, although at low electrical intensities, higher NfL values were associated with stronger pain ratings, indicating intensity-dependent links between axonal pathology and nociceptor hyperexcitability. Combining QST with C-fiber-targeted electrical testing refines phenotyping of small-fiber dysfunction in diabetic neuropathy by revealing dissociation between thermal and electrical pain modalities and capturing the heterogeneous course from preserved function to selective thermal hypoalgesia and eventual sensory loss.},
}

@article {pmid41490083,
year = {2026},
author = {Li, J and Zhao, B and Chen, Y and Wang, G and Tian, X and Zhou, S},
title = {Research on the establishment of a four-classification model for breast mass ultrasound images based on transfer learning.},
journal = {PloS one},
volume = {21},
number = {1},
pages = {e0340111},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0340111},
pmid = {41490083},
issn = {1932-6203},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; *Breast Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging/classification/pathology ; Retrospective Studies ; *Ultrasonography, Mammary/methods ; Neural Networks, Computer ; Middle Aged ; Adult ; Fibroadenoma/diagnostic imaging ; Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/diagnostic imaging/pathology ; *Breast/diagnostic imaging/pathology ; Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous/diagnostic imaging ; Deep Learning ; Aged ; },
abstract = {Breast mass classification via ultrasound is critical for early diagnosis but remains challenging due to overlapping morphological features. This study evaluates the efficacy of optimized transfer learning (TL) based on deep convolutional neural networks (DCNNs) in distinguishing four breast mass categories: invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC), fibroadenoma (FA), mucinous carcinoma (MC), and inflammatory mass (IM). Our approach comprises four key steps: (1) applying extensive data augmentation to a retrospective dataset of 346 ultrasound images from 294 patients (November 2021-March 2023) classified by pathological confirmation; (2) implementing transfer learning with five pretrained DCNN models (ResNet18, ResNet50, DenseNet121, MobileNetV2, GoogLeNet); (3) optimizing model hyperparameters for four-class classification; (4) comparing performance metrics (accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score, AUC-ROC) against two senior radiologists (8- and 10-years' experience) on a held-out test set. Results: The DenseNet121 and GoogLeNet models demonstrated superior overall accuracy (0.912 and 0.926, respectively), significantly outperforming the radiologists' consensus (0.691) (p < 0.01). In class-specific analysis, the optimized models achieved notably higher accuracy for IDC, MC, and IM. Statistical testing confirmed the significant performance improvement of the top models over human experts. Optimized TL with DCNNs, particularly DenseNet121 and GoogLeNet, enables highly accurate four-class breast mass classification in ultrasound images, surpassing expert radiologist performance with statistical significance. This approach holds promise for clinical decision support. Code is publicly available at https://github.com/jinlao777/BCC.},
}

Humans
Female
*Breast Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging/classification/pathology
Retrospective Studies
*Ultrasonography, Mammary/methods
Neural Networks, Computer
Middle Aged
Adult
Fibroadenoma/diagnostic imaging
Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/diagnostic imaging/pathology
*Breast/diagnostic imaging/pathology
Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous/diagnostic imaging
Deep Learning
Aged

@article {pmid41486537,
year = {2025},
author = {Elmansorry, E and Saja, A and Mawada, A and Mawada, F},
title = {CLINICAL RELEVANCE OF HORMONAL RECEPTOR EXPRESSION IN BREAST CANCER: AN IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL STUDY FROM TRIPOLI, LIBYA.},
journal = {Experimental oncology},
volume = {47},
number = {3},
pages = {338-346},
doi = {10.15407/exp-oncology.2025.03.338},
pmid = {41486537},
issn = {2312-8852},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; *Breast Neoplasms/pathology/metabolism ; Middle Aged ; Adult ; *Receptors, Progesterone/metabolism ; Libya ; *Receptors, Estrogen/metabolism ; *Receptor, ErbB-2/metabolism ; Immunohistochemistry ; *Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism ; Young Adult ; Ki-67 Antigen/metabolism ; Clinical Relevance ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Breast cancer (BC) is the most frequently diagnosed malignancy among women in Libya; however, limited data are available on the immunohistochemical (IHC) profiles of BC in the region. This study aimed to characterize BC cases in Western Libya based on clinical, pathological, and IHC features.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded BC tissue samples were collected from the patients at the National Cancer Institute in Sabratha, Libya, between January and April 2024. IHC staining for estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), and Ki-67 was performed.

RESULTS: Patients' age ranged from 24 to 63 years (mean 44.60 ± 10.23), with the 44-53-year group being the most frequent (33%). Invasive ductal carcinoma was the most common subtype (74%), especially grade 3 (47%). Most tumors were ER-positive (78.6%), PR-positive (67.9%), and HER2-negative (67.9%), with low Ki-67 expression in 53.6% of cases. HER2 score 0 was most prevalent (40%). Mean PR expression was the highest in grade 2 tumors (53.0 ± 32.2), whereas Ki-67 in grade 3 tumors (51.1 ± 29.7). Significant associations were found between ER status and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (p = 0.039) and mastectomy status and mean cell hemoglobin concentration (p = 0.031).

CONCLUSION: The findings highlight the predominance of hormone receptor-positive and HER2-negative tumors in this Libyan cohort.},
}

Humans
Female
*Breast Neoplasms/pathology/metabolism
Middle Aged
Adult
*Receptors, Progesterone/metabolism
Libya
*Receptors, Estrogen/metabolism
*Receptor, ErbB-2/metabolism
Immunohistochemistry
*Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
Young Adult
Ki-67 Antigen/metabolism
Clinical Relevance

@article {pmid41485765,
year = {2025},
author = {Park, B and Choi, S and Han, J and Jung, SY and Lee, S and Kang, HS and Kim, S and Kwon, Y and Lee, EG},
title = {Reoperation Versus Dose-Escalated Radiotherapy for Ductal Carcinoma In Situ at the Surgical Margin After Breast-Conserving Surgery for Invasive Ductal Carcinoma.},
journal = {Journal of breast cancer},
volume = {28},
number = {6},
pages = {381-392},
doi = {10.4048/jbc.2025.0019},
pmid = {41485765},
issn = {1738-6756},
abstract = {PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to compare local recurrence (LR) rates in patients with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) at the surgical margins after breast-conserving surgery (BCS).

METHODS: This single-center, retrospective study included patients diagnosed with invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) who underwent BCS at National Cancer Center between 2014 and 2020. Patients with DCIS at the surgical margin were eligible for inclusion. Those who did not undergo re-excision received whole-breast radiotherapy with an escalated tumor bed boost of 15 Gy in five fractions. The 5-year breast cancer recurrence rates were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method, and prognostic factors were evaluated using univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression models.

RESULTS: Among the 235 eligible patients, 115 underwent re-excision (Re-excision + group), and 120 did not (Re-excision - group). With a median follow-up of 5.0 years (range, 3.1-6.6 years), the 5-year LR rate was 6.1% in the Re-excision + group and 5.8% in the Re-excision - group (log-rank p = 0.9). Re-excision was not significantly associated with differences in LR rates in multivariate analysis.

CONCLUSION: In cases where DCIS was present at the surgical margin after BCS, re-excision was not associated with a lower LR rate compared with dose-escalated radiotherapy. This study did not assess late radiation-related toxicities, such as breast fibrosis, which are important considerations for treatment decision-making. These findings should be interpreted with caution because of the retrospective design and limited event rate. Further prospective studies are warranted to determine optimal management strategies.},
}

@article {pmid41478291,
year = {2026},
author = {Gilman, L and Davis, A},
title = {Donor profiles, spreadsheets and video calls: un/known donor conception in the digital age.},
journal = {Human fertility (Cambridge, England)},
volume = {29},
number = {1},
pages = {2604885},
doi = {10.1080/14647273.2025.2604885},
pmid = {41478291},
issn = {1742-8149},
mesh = {Humans ; Male ; Female ; *Donor Conception/psychology ; Adult ; *Tissue Donors ; *Insemination, Artificial, Heterologous ; United Kingdom ; Reproductive Techniques, Assisted ; },
abstract = {This article explores how connections brought about through practices of donor conception are changing in the context of mediatisation and, in particular, how digital technologies shape possibilities for donors and recipient families to know one another. We focus on the growing practice of 'informal' donor conception (IDC) in the UK - donor conceptions which are arranged outside of medical institutions and often facilitated via online platforms. Drawing on interviews with 30 (intended) parents via IDC and 19 informal sperm donors, we show how donors and recipients carefully manage, or attempt to manage, the ways in which they are known and knowable to one another, and to a potential donor-conceived person. We identify four ways of knowing, and being known, within participants' accounts: 1) selective sharing of identifying information; 2) (dis)embedding donation connections within wider communities; 3) communicative forms of knowing; and 4) via the creation and management of digital artefacts. Donors and recipients sought to use and limit these different modes of knowing in varied combinations, shaped by their knowledge of (clinical) assisted reproduction practices, changing digital cultures and the legal marginalisation of IDC practices.},
}

Humans
Male
Female
*Donor Conception/psychology
Adult
*Tissue Donors
*Insemination, Artificial, Heterologous
United Kingdom
Reproductive Techniques, Assisted

@article {pmid41476663,
year = {2025},
author = {Elsharawi, I and Bethune, G},
title = {Extensive Intraductal Component (EIC) as the Most Predictive Factor for Residual Disease Post-Breast-Conserving Surgery With Close DCIS Margins: A Single Institutional Experience.},
journal = {International journal of breast cancer},
volume = {2025},
number = {},
pages = {8785445},
pmid = {41476663},
issn = {2090-3170},
abstract = {PURPOSE: We set out to assess whether the extensive intraductal component (EIC) status in invasive breast cancers serves as an independent predictor of residual disease (RD) in re-excisions performed at our institution. This laboratory-based study provides insights into the thresholds for additional surgical intervention in cases with close ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) margins following initial breast-conserving surgery (BCS). We also examined the unique characteristics specific to EIC-positive cases.

METHODS: BCS cases with invasive breast cancer and DCIS with close margins that had re-excisions following initial surgery (Dec 2019-Dec 2024) were selected and classified into EIC positive or EIC negative. Data collected on the initial excision included the EIC status and other clinicopathological information such as margin status, DCIS extent, cancer type and focality, TNM stage, biomarker status, and OncotypeDX Recurrence Score (RS). The RD status was collected on re-excision specimens.

RESULTS: Ninety-one cases were included (57 EIC positive and 34 EIC negative), with most being invasive ductal carcinoma. The rate of RD on re-excision was 70.2% and 32.4% in EIC-positive and EIC-negative cases, respectively (p < 0.001). EIC-positive cases showed a higher tendency to involve multiple margins, had a lower T stage and greater DCIS extent, and they were more commonly associated with multifocal cancer. Finally, when assessing predictors of RD, EIC status emerged as the most significant factor among other variables (adjusted odds ratio = 3.39). Secondary findings included a relatively increased proportion of EIC-positive cases (19%) exhibiting mucinous morphology (p = 0.0063) and HER2-positive tumor status (p = 0.035).

CONCLUSION: Findings show that EIC status is the most significant predictor of RD following BCSs with close DCIS margins. This emphasizes the importance of identifying EIC-positive cases in pathology reports and prioritizing them for additional re-excision when DCIS margins are close.},
}

@article {pmid41476587,
year = {2025},
author = {Huang, B and Han, Y and Zhang, Y and Liu, H},
title = {Breast cancer occult in renal cell carcinoma: a case report of a rare tumor-to-tumor metastasis and literature review.},
journal = {Frontiers in oncology},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1710242},
pmid = {41476587},
issn = {2234-943X},
abstract = {Metastasis from breast cancer (BC) to renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is rare. We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data, i.e., medical history, imaging, and laboratory examinations, as well as pathological features of a 62-year-old female with invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast metastasizing to clear cell renal cell carcinoma (CCRCC). A comprehensive literature review was also conducted. Her right breast mass was pathologically diagnosed as invasive ductal carcinoma eight months ago. A large mass in the left kidney was incidentally discovered during a computed tomography (CT) scan, which was consistent with RCC. She underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy, radical mastectomy, and endocrine therapy, as well as laparoscopic left nephrectomy four months postoperatively. Her pathological examination revealed two heterogeneous tumor components in the kidney: typical CCRCC [CD10+, Vimentin+, carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX)+, paired box gene 8 (PAX-8)+, 3% Ki-67 proliferation index) as well as multifocal metastatic invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast (estrogen receptor (ER) 50%+++, GATA binding protein 3 (GATA3) +, Human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER-2) 1+, and 20% Ki-67 proliferation index). These findings met the diagnostic criteria for TTM. She also continued BC endocrine therapy postoperatively. However, no recurrence or metastasis was observed during the 11 follow-up months.},
}

@article {pmid41471604,
year = {2025},
author = {Luo, S},
title = {Sensing User Intent: An LLM-Powered Agent for On-the-Fly Personalized Virtual Space Construction from UAV Sensor Data.},
journal = {Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {25},
number = {24},
pages = {},
pmid = {41471604},
issn = {1424-8220},
support = {LSKJ202459//Central Government's Guide to Local Science and Technology Development Funds, Lhasa City Science and Technology Program/ ; },
abstract = {The proliferation of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) enables the large-scale collection of ecological data, yet translating this dynamic sensor data into engaging, personalized public experiences remains a significant challenge. Existing solutions fall short: static exhibitions lack adaptability, while general-purpose LLM agents struggle with real-time responsiveness and reliability. To address this, we introduce CurationAgent, a novel intelligent agent built upon the State-Gated Agent Architecture (SGAA). Its core innovation is an advanced hybrid curation pipeline that synergizes Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) for broad semantic recall with an Intent-Driven Curation (IDC) Funnel for precise intent formalization and narrative synthesis. This hybrid model robustly translates user intent into a curated, multi-modal narrative. We validate this framework in a proof-of-concept virtual exhibition of the Lalu Wetland's biodiversity. Our comprehensive evaluation demonstrates that CurationAgent is significantly more responsive (1512 ms vs. 4301 ms), reliable (95% vs. 57% task success), and precise (85.5% vs. 52.7% query precision) than standard agent architectures. Furthermore, a user study with 27 participants confirmed our system leads to measurably higher user engagement. This work contributes a robust and responsive agent architecture that validates a new paradigm for interactive systems, shifting from passive information retrieval to active, partnered experience curation.},
}

@article {pmid41465291,
year = {2025},
author = {Chaudhuri, RK and Meyer, TA},
title = {Isosorbide Diesters: Mechanistic Insights and Therapeutic Applications in Skin and Neuroinflammatory Disorders.},
journal = {International journal of molecular sciences},
volume = {26},
number = {24},
pages = {},
pmid = {41465291},
issn = {1422-0067},
support = {None//Hallstar Beauty (United States)/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *Isosorbide/therapeutic use/pharmacology/chemistry/analogs & derivatives ; Animals ; *Neuroinflammatory Diseases/drug therapy ; *Esters/therapeutic use/chemistry ; *Anti-Inflammatory Agents/therapeutic use/pharmacology ; Skin/drug effects ; *Skin Diseases/drug therapy ; },
abstract = {Isosorbide fatty acid diesters constitute a novel class of bioactive compounds with emerging therapeutic applications in inflammatory and barrier-compromised disorders. Among them, isosorbide dicaprylate (IDC) and isosorbide di-linoleate/oleate (IDL) synergistically strengthen epidermal barrier integrity, enhance stratum corneum hydration, regulate keratinocyte differentiation, suppress proinflammatory signaling, and beneficially modulate the skin microbiome. Randomized, double-blind clinical trials in both pediatric and adult populations with atopic dermatitis (AD) demonstrate that topical IDC + IDL formulations significantly reduce pruritus, corticosteroid dependence, and Staphylococcus aureus colonization while improving sleep quality, disease severity scores, and overall quality of life. Extending applications within and even beyond dermatology, isosorbide dimethyl fumarate (IDMF)-a next-generation fumarate derivative designed to mitigate sensitization risk-exhibits potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities through NRF2 activation and NF-κB/IRF1 suppression. Preclinical studies in psoriasis and neuroinflammatory models, including multiple sclerosis, reveal robust modulation of oxidative stress and immune pathways with improved safety and mechanistic precision compared to conventional fumarates, although its systemic use remains exploratory and requires clinical validation. Collectively, isosorbide diesters emerge as multifunctional therapeutic agents offering barrier repair, immune modulation, and inflammation control, representing promising alternatives to corticosteroids and systemic immunosuppressants across dermatologic and systemic inflammatory disorders.},
}

Humans
*Isosorbide/therapeutic use/pharmacology/chemistry/analogs & derivatives
Animals
*Neuroinflammatory Diseases/drug therapy
*Esters/therapeutic use/chemistry
*Anti-Inflammatory Agents/therapeutic use/pharmacology
Skin/drug effects
*Skin Diseases/drug therapy

@article {pmid41285981,
year = {2025},
author = {Fayh, APT and Soares, IFM and Ferreira, GMC and Miranda, AL and Bezerra, ADL and Medeiros, GOC and Costa-Pereira, JP and Prado, CM and Gonzalez, MC and Verde, SMML},
title = {CT-based body composition and its demographic and clinical associations in women aged 20 to 40 with non-metastatic breast cancer.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {45321},
pmid = {41285981},
issn = {2045-2322},
abstract = {This cross-sectional study investigated the relationship between CT-based body composition parameters and demographic and clinical factors in young women (< 40 years) with non-metastatic (I–III) breast cancer. Data on anthropometry, sociodemographic characteristics, and tumor profiles were extracted from medical records. Body composition was assessed using CT scans at the third lumbar vertebra (L3), measuring skeletal muscle cross-sectional area (SM), skeletal muscle index (SMI), skeletal muscle radiodensity (SMD), visceral adipose tissue (VAT), and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT). A total of 173 patients were included (mean age: 33.8 ± 4.1 years). Most women had stage III tumors and hormone receptor-positive status. Higher VAT levels were associated with older age (P = 0.001). A higher education level was associated with higher SAT values. Women with invasive ductal carcinoma or positive estrogen receptor status were less likely to have high VAT. Patients with high VAT and SAT had higher BMI, SM, and SMI, and lower SMD (all P < 0.005). Our findings suggest that SAT and VAT are associated with educational level and tumor aggressiveness, respectively, highlighting the importance of monitoring body composition as part of clinical care in young women with breast cancer.},
}

@article {pmid41459862,
year = {2025},
author = {Thipsanthiah, K and Champangoen, K and Dasaeng, R and Kamsa-Ard, S and Jena, PK},
title = {Incidence of Colorectal Cancer in Loei Province, Thailand: Report from a Population-Based Cancer Registry.},
journal = {Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP},
volume = {26},
number = {12},
pages = {4477-4482},
doi = {10.31557/APJCP.2025.26.12.4477},
pmid = {41459862},
issn = {2476-762X},
mesh = {Humans ; *Colorectal Neoplasms/epidemiology ; Male ; Female ; Thailand/epidemiology ; *Registries/statistics & numerical data ; Incidence ; Retrospective Studies ; Middle Aged ; Aged ; Follow-Up Studies ; Adult ; Prognosis ; Aged, 80 and over ; Young Adult ; Adolescent ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Data regarding trends in Colorectal Cancer (CRC) incidence within Loei province are currently unavailable. Additionally, there is a scarcity of information from previous studies examining CRC time trends across Thailand.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to study the estimate the trend and incidence of CRC in Loei Province.

METHODS: An analytical retrospective cohort study was conducted using data from the Loei population-based cancer registry, collected through the Thai cancer-based program of National Cancer Institute of Thailand. A total of 754 patients were diagnosed with CRC (IDC-O-3, C18.0, C18.1, C18.2, C18.3, C18.4, C18.5, C18.6, C18.7, C18.8, C18.9, C1.9, C2.0) in Loei during 2017 - 2022. Age-standardized rates (ASR) were estimated, and their 95% confidence interval were reported. Annual percent change (APC) was calculated to quantify the incidence rate trends using Join-point regression. Both APC and 95% confidence interval were reported.

RESULT: We found that the overall ASR from 2017 to 2022 for all ages was 13.7 per 100 000 person-years for both sexes. (95% CI; 12.88, 14.56). Male ASR =15.54 per 100,000 person-years (95% CI; 14.70, 16.38). Female ASR = 12.07 per 100,000 person-years (95% CI; 11.23, 12.91). Additionally, the preliminary trends of overall CRC incidence increased between 2017 to 2022 by an APC of 3.72% (APC= 3.72; 95% CI; -6.62, 15.85). The percentage change for males increased by 5.49 % (APC= 5.49; 95% CI; -2.13, 14.26) per year. For females, the annual percentage change increased by 1.91 percent (APC= 1.91; 95% CI; -14.20, 22.53).

CONCLUSION: Our preliminary findings show an increasing trend in CRC incidence among both men and women in Loei Province. To gain a more comprehensive understanding and identify clearer patterns, future studies should analyze these trends over extended periods, such as 10 years or more. Evaluating the coverage and completeness of the cancer registry data will also be crucial. This knowledge will provide a foundation for planning effective CRC prevention and control strategies in the region.},
}

Humans
*Colorectal Neoplasms/epidemiology
Male
Female
Thailand/epidemiology
*Registries/statistics & numerical data
Incidence
Retrospective Studies
Middle Aged
Aged
Follow-Up Studies
Adult
Prognosis
Aged, 80 and over
Young Adult
Adolescent

@article {pmid41459855,
year = {2025},
author = {Cabıoğlu, N and Türkyılmaz, Z and Özkurt, E and İğci, A and Müslümanoğlu, M and Kapkaç, M and Yeniay, L and Taşdelen, İ and Aksaz, E and Haydaroğlu, A and Alanyalı, S and Çelik, V and Gazioğlu, E and Gökgöz, Ş and Şenol, K and Önal, B and Özbaş, S and Ok, E and Akcan, A and Canturk, NZ and Koçak, S and Güllüoğlu, B and Demirer, S and Koyuncu, A and Tükenmez, M and Girgin, S and Çolak, T and Velidedeoglu, M and Karadeniz, E and Akçay, MN and Oltulu, M and Kebudi, A and Emiroğlu, S and Uras, C and Özmen, V},
title = {Poor Prognostic Clinicopathological Features of Young Women with Breast Cancer in the MF18-04 Turkish National Breast Cancer Registry Study.},
journal = {Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP},
volume = {26},
number = {12},
pages = {4407-4417},
doi = {10.31557/APJCP.2025.26.12.4407},
pmid = {41459855},
issn = {2476-762X},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; *Breast Neoplasms/pathology/surgery/metabolism/epidemiology ; Adult ; Turkey/epidemiology ; Middle Aged ; Prognosis ; Young Adult ; Adolescent ; Registries ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Follow-Up Studies ; Age Factors ; *Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology/surgery/metabolism ; Mastectomy ; Receptors, Estrogen/metabolism ; Neoplasm Staging ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; *Carcinoma, Lobular/pathology/surgery/metabolism ; Receptors, Progesterone/metabolism ; Lymph Node Excision ; Receptor, ErbB-2/metabolism ; Survival Rate ; },
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: The role of younger age as a prognostic factor in breast cancer remains debated. Despite its association with an aggressive clinical course, there is insufficient research on its etiology. This study aimed to analyze age-related differences in breast cancer diagnosis among Turkish women.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data from 23,594 patients in the National Breast Cancer Database (NBCD) were analyzed. The demographic, clinical, and pathological characteristics of patients aged ≤40 years were compared with those >40 years.

RESULTS: The median age was 50 years (range 18-97). Among them, 4,535 patients (19%) were 40 years old or younger, with 84% of this subgroup being over 30 years old. Conversely, 19,059 patients (81%) were older than 40. Patients in the younger age group were less likely to have pathologic T1 disease (41% vs. 47%), N0 disease (49% vs. 55%), and Stage I disease (25% vs. 31%) compared to those over 40 (p<0.001). The rates of mastectomy (41% vs. 39%; p = 0.024) and axillary dissection (71% vs. 65%; p = 0.001) were higher among patients diagnosed at 40 years of age or younger. Multivariate analysis identified significant associations in younger patients, including invasive ductal carcinoma (95% CI, 1.06-1.43), estrogen receptor (ER) negativity (95% CI, 1.26-1.87), PR negativity (95% CI, 1.21-1.75), high histologic grade (95% CI, 1.43-1.87), multifocality/multicentricity (95% CI, 1.26-1.72), T3-T4 tumors (95% CI, 1.06-1.66), and axillary positivity (95% CI, 1.025-1.321).

CONCLUSIONS: Breast cancer diagnosed at ≤40 years is more likely to exhibit aggressive biology, multifocality, or multicentricity presentation, and present at advanced stages. Consequently, younger patients experience higher rates of mastectomy and axillary dissection. These findings suggest a poorer prognosis, highlighting the need for more intensive therapeutic strategies in this population.},
}

Humans
Female
*Breast Neoplasms/pathology/surgery/metabolism/epidemiology
Adult
Turkey/epidemiology
Middle Aged
Prognosis
Young Adult
Adolescent
Registries
Aged
Aged, 80 and over
Follow-Up Studies
Age Factors
*Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology/surgery/metabolism
Mastectomy
Receptors, Estrogen/metabolism
Neoplasm Staging
Lymphatic Metastasis
*Carcinoma, Lobular/pathology/surgery/metabolism
Receptors, Progesterone/metabolism
Lymph Node Excision
Receptor, ErbB-2/metabolism
Survival Rate

@article {pmid41457395,
year = {2026},
author = {Dudipala, H and Nazari, SS and Werneck da Cunha, I and Coligado, N and Baca, Y and Wei, S and Elliott, A and Smith, ND and Geynisman, DM and Brown, JT and Zarrabi, KK and Agarwal, N and Antonarakis, ES and Herchenhorn, D and McKay, RR},
title = {Molecular alteration profiles characterize intraductal carcinoma of the prostate.},
journal = {Cancer},
volume = {132},
number = {1},
pages = {e70238},
doi = {10.1002/cncr.70238},
pmid = {41457395},
issn = {1097-0142},
mesh = {Humans ; Male ; *Prostatic Neoplasms/genetics/pathology/surgery ; Aged ; Middle Aged ; Prostatectomy ; Mutation ; *Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/genetics/pathology/surgery ; *Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics ; *Carcinoma, Ductal/genetics/pathology ; Tumor Microenvironment ; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Intraductal carcinoma of the prostate (IDC-P) is an intra-acinar and/or intraductal neoplastic epithelial proliferation that is a distinct histological entity according to the 2016 World Health Organization (WHO) classification system. Clinically, it is associated with higher grade tumors and a more aggressive disease course. However, the molecular underpinnings of IDC-P are not well elucidated.

METHODS: This study identified radical prostatectomy (RP) cases from the Caris Life Sciences database, classified as prostatic adenocarcinoma with grade group 4/5 or with the words "cribriform," "necrosis," or "intraductal" in the pathology report. Digitized hematoxylin-eosin slides underwent central pathology review by a board-certified genitourinary pathologist to identify the presence of IDC-P according to the 2022 WHO classification. IDC-P cases (n = 175) were compared to non-IDC-P cases (n = 5334). Prostatic tumor specimens were sequenced via next-generation DNA/RNA sequencing.

RESULTS: Compared to non-IDC-P cases, the IDC-P cohort had significantly more mutations in MUTYH (4.5% vs. 1.4%; p < .01), FANCA (2.7% vs. 0.5%; p < .01), NBN (2.5% vs. 0.6%; p < .05), and MTOR (0.6% vs. 0.1%; p < .05). IDC-P tumors were enriched for DLL3 and CEACAM5 expression, with lower expression of STEAP1, TROP2, ERBB2, PSCA, and B7-H3, compared to non-IDC-P tumors. IDC-P had significantly higher neuroendocrine prostate cancer signature scores and IFN-γ signature scores, and similar androgen receptor signature scores, compared to non-IDC-P. The tumor microenvironment of IDC-P had significantly higher cell fractions of M2 macrophages and fewer dendritic cells.

CONCLUSIONS: IDC-P possesses a distinct molecular and immunological profile. Understanding these molecular underpinnings is crucial for the development of personalized treatment strategies for histologically distinct prostate cancer subsets.},
}

Humans
Male
*Prostatic Neoplasms/genetics/pathology/surgery
Aged
Middle Aged
Prostatectomy
Mutation
*Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/genetics/pathology/surgery
*Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
*Carcinoma, Ductal/genetics/pathology
Tumor Microenvironment
High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing

@article {pmid41455364,
year = {2025},
author = {Hao, S and Zhou, J and Siriwardena, T and Javor, S and Gan, B and He, R and Song, Y and Wang, Z and Xiao, W},
title = {A novel polypeptide molecule attenuates atopic dermatitis by targeting CCR8-CCL1 axis.},
journal = {International immunopharmacology},
volume = {170},
number = {},
pages = {116051},
doi = {10.1016/j.intimp.2025.116051},
pmid = {41455364},
issn = {1878-1705},
abstract = {Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common chronic inflammatory skin disease with diverse clinical phenotypes. Although a variety of drugs are available, the current clinical treatment still cannot meet the needs of patients with AD. In this study, we designed a series of polypeptides through a new drug discovery technology combined with big data and artificial intelligence in our polypeptide library and successfully screened 2 candidates by in vitro and in vivo study. As results showed that the 2 candidates have a high affinity for human CC chemokine receptor 8 (CCR8) and significantly inhibited interstitial dendritic cell (iDC) migration induced by CC chemokine ligand 1 (CCL1) via interfering with the CCL1-CCR8 axis. The efficacy of CCR8 polypeptide candidates on AD were further evaluated in two dermatitis mouse models. We found that applying SP-TG02 to the skin ameliorated MC903 and OXA-induced skin AD-like symptoms and histological damage, reduced mast cell infiltration and down-regulated the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in skin tissue. Collectively, SP-TG02 may be a promising novel CCR8 polypeptide inhibitor for the treatment of atopic dermatitis.},
}

@article {pmid41454442,
year = {2025},
author = {Brix, N and Samaga, D and Gehr, K and Dankó, B and Schumann, M and Drexler, G and Alnatsha, A and Beyer, G and Mahajan, U and Selmansberger, M and Mayerle, J and Belka, C and Zitzelsberger, H and Lauber, K},
title = {LDAcoop: Integrating non-linear population dynamics into the analysis of clonogenic growth in vitro.},
journal = {Molecular oncology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1002/1878-0261.70185},
pmid = {41454442},
issn = {1878-0261},
support = {551613698//Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft/ ; 02NUK047A//Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung/ ; 02NUK047C//Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung/ ; 02NUK061A//Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung/ ; 02NUK061C//Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung/ ; 02NUK086A//Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung/ ; 02NUK086B//Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung/ ; 02NUK087//Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung/ ; },
abstract = {The limiting dilution assay (LDA) is a key method to quantify clonogenic cells with self-renewing capacity in vitro, crucial for preclinical cancer research and therapy response assessment. It estimates the frequency of individual clonogenic, stem-like cells within a population based on their ability to form colonies with ≥50 cells at limiting cell numbers. Standard LDA analysis relies on linear, single-hit Poisson models, yet clonogenic growth under single-cell conditions often involves cooperative or competitive dynamics, violating this linearity assumption. Here, we present a modeling framework incorporating non-linear population dynamics into LDA analysis and introduce LDAcoop, an R-based tool for universal quantification of clonogenic cells in LDA formats. Across multiple cancer cell types, we benchmarked LDA against the colony formation assay (CFA) and show that LDA outperforms CFA, especially for patient-derived organoids, suspension cultures, and higher throughput applications. This renders the LDA format particularly suitable for larger-scale pharmacogenomic screening and drug sensitivity testing in complex models. Our results establish LDA and LDAcoop as versatile, scalable tools for robust quantification of clonogenic growth, supporting preclinical drug development and molecular precision oncology research.},
}

@article {pmid41445797,
year = {2025},
author = {Cheng, C and Wang, T},
title = {Case Report: Solitary scalp metastasis after surgery for invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast.},
journal = {Frontiers in oncology},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1709244},
pmid = {41445797},
issn = {2234-943X},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Breast cancer is one of the most common malignancies among women, and more than 90% of breast cancer-related deaths attributed to metastasis. Cutaneous metastases are relatively uncommon, and scalp involvement is exceedingly rare. Because of its atypical clinical presentation, scalp metastasis is often recognized and diagnosed only after a delay.

CASE PRESENTATION: We report the case of a 45-year-old woman diagnosed with invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) of the right breast with ipsilateral axillary lymph node involvement (clinical stage cT4bN3M0). The patient received six cycles of neoadjuvant chemotherapy and achieved a partial response (PR) according to RECIST 1.1 criteria. Subsequently, she underwent a right simple mastectomy with axillary lymph node dissection. Pathology demonstrated a Miller-Payne grade 3 response, with metastases identified in all 13 dissected axillary lymph nodes (13/13). Immunohistochemistry (IHC) revealed estrogen receptors (ER) and progesterone receptors (PR) positivity, human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) expression of 0, and Ki-67 expression of 20%. She subsequently received adjuvant radiotherapy and endocrine therapy. Surveillance imaging during follow-up showed no evidence of recurrence or distant metastasis. In December 2023, the patient developed a painless, round, skin-colored nodule on the left frontal scalp, accompanied by diffuse right periorbital edema and headache. Over the following year, she was evaluated in dermatology, neurosurgery, and oncology clinics. However, breast cancer metastasis was not initially suspected, resulting in misdiagnosis and delayed treatment. In April 2025, fine-needle aspiration of the scalp nodule confirmed metastatic carcinoma. IHC showed ER and PR positivity, HER2 expression of 1+, and Ki-67 expression of 35%. No additional metastatic lesions were identified. The patient was started on systemic therapy with fulvestrant plus dalpiciclib, and after four cycles, she achieved marked regression of the scalp lesion along with resolution of periorbital edema. The most recent examination, however, detected meningeal and calvarial metastases. Consequently, the patient received localized radiotherapy to these sites while continuing the original treatment protocol.

CONCLUSION: This case highlights the diagnostic challenges of atypical scalp metastases in breast cancer and underscores the importance of early detection and prompt initiation of comprehensive treatment.},
}

@article {pmid41443500,
year = {2025},
author = {Sekiya, N and Okamoto, K and Fukushima, K and Hosoda, T and Takahashi, K and Gu, Y},
title = {Prognostic stratification in cancer candidemia under routine infectious disease consultation: Palliative Prognostic Index identifies patients with favorable short-term outcomes.},
journal = {International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {108338},
doi = {10.1016/j.ijid.2025.108338},
pmid = {41443500},
issn = {1878-3511},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Although consultations with infectious disease physicians (IDC) improve adherence to guidelines and reduce mortality in candidemia, data on mortality risk during routine IDC are scarce, especially in cancer patients.

METHODS: This retrospective cohort study included cancer patients with candidemia between January 2013 and December 2023 at a Japanese cancer center and assessed the European Confederation of Medical Mycology Quality of Clinical Candidaemia Management (EQUAL) score and factors associated with 30-day mortality during routine IDC using Firth's penalized likelihood logistic regression.

RESULTS: Of 227 patients with candidemia, 197 were included in the final analysis. Most cases were hospital-acquired (91%), and the 30-day mortality was 28%. Solid tumors (78%) and central venous catheter placement (82%) were common. The most frequent species were Candida albicans (37%), C. parapsilosis (23%), and C. glabrata (20%). The median EQUAL score with and without CVC placement was 22 (interquartile range [IQR]: 20-22) and 19 (IQR: 17-19), respectively. Factors associated with 30-day mortality were the Palliative Prognostic Index (PPI) score (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 14.64; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 6.21-38.51; P < .001) and the EQUAL score (aOR: 0.019; 95%CI: 0.003-0.073; P < .001). These findings were consistent in patients with solid tumors. Patients with a low PPI score (< 4) had a 30-day mortality of 10.9%.

CONCLUSIONS: The PPI score before candidemia onset independently predicted mortality during routine IDC in cancer patients. These results highlight IDC mortality benefits stratified by PPI and may stimulate discussion about ID's role in end-of-life cancer care practice.},
}

@article {pmid41441520,
year = {2025},
author = {Suzuki, S and Horiuchi, H and Kabasawa, T and Oizumi, T and Kobayashi, Y},
title = {Paclitaxel-Induced Collagenous Colitis: A Case Report in Male Breast Cancer.},
journal = {Reports (MDPI)},
volume = {8},
number = {4},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/reports8040244},
pmid = {41441520},
issn = {2571-841X},
abstract = {Background and Clinical Significance: Collagenous colitis is an uncommon form of microscopic colitis characterized by chronic watery diarrhea and thickening of the subepithelial collagen layer. While various medications have been implicated in its pathogenesis, paclitaxel-associated collagenous colitis remains exceptionally rare in the literature. Recognition of this adverse event is crucial for appropriate management, particularly in patients receiving dose-modified chemotherapy regimens. This case highlights the importance of considering drug-induced collagenous colitis in cancer patients presenting with severe diarrhea during chemotherapy. Case Presentation: We report a 71-year-old Japanese male with metastatic breast cancer who developed acute-onset collagenous colitis during paclitaxel treatment. His primary tumor was invasive ductal carcinoma with hormone receptor-positive, HER2-negative disease (ER+, PgR+, HER2-, Ki-67 46%) and progressive metastatic disease. Given pre-existing renal dysfunction, paclitaxel was initiated at 60% dose reduction. Sixteen days after treatment initiation, the patient experienced abrupt onset of profuse watery diarrhea with approximately 10 bowel movements daily, necessitating hospital admission. Colonoscopic evaluation demonstrated increased vascular permeability and superficial mucosal erosions. Histopathological analysis revealed diagnostic features of collagenous colitis with a markedly thickened subepithelial collagen band measuring 23 μm. Following immediate cessation of paclitaxel, the patient experienced complete resolution of diarrheal symptoms without subsequent relapse. Conclusions: This case represents a rare manifestation of paclitaxel-induced collagenous colitis. Clinicians should maintain heightened awareness of this potential complication in patients receiving taxane-based chemotherapy who develop significant diarrhea. Prompt recognition and immediate drug discontinuation are essential for favorable outcomes and symptom resolution.},
}

@article {pmid41437877,
year = {2025},
author = {Gosein, M and Yong-Hing, CJ and Johal, P and Mar, C and Martin, T},
title = {Contrast-Enhanced Mammography for Detection and Characterization of Invasive Lobular Carcinoma.},
journal = {Canadian Association of Radiologists journal = Journal l'Association canadienne des radiologistes},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {8465371251398520},
doi = {10.1177/08465371251398520},
pmid = {41437877},
issn = {1488-2361},
abstract = {Invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) poses distinct diagnostic challenges due to its infiltrative single-file growth pattern, which often renders it mammographically occult, particularly in dense breast tissue. Contrast-enhanced mammography (CEM) combines the anatomical detail of conventional mammography with functional information from contrast uptake, likely improving the detection, staging, and assessment of ILC compared to conventional imaging techniques. CEM shows value in evaluating ILC tumor size and disease extent, especially in multifocal and multicentric disease, although MRI remains the gold standard. This review outlines the spectrum of ILC imaging features on CEM, including findings on both low-energy and recombined images. While CEM can provide ILC size and extent estimates comparable to MRI, its accuracy may be reduced in cases of non-mass enhancement or tumors larger than 3 cm. Additionally, ILC may demonstrate lower conspicuity enhancement than invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC), necessitating careful image interpretation. As clinical adoption of CEM increases, radiologists must become familiar with the variable imaging characteristics of ILC, to facilitate more accurate interpretation. Improved recognition of these features has the potential to support more precise treatment planning and better patient outcomes.},
}

@article {pmid41437607,
year = {2025},
author = {Ishikawa, Y and Ando, J and Takemae, M and Toyota, T},
title = {[Safe Use of Anti-HER2 Antibodies to a Patient with HER2-Positive Breast Cancer and Markedly Reduced Cardiac Function-A Case Report].},
journal = {Gan to kagaku ryoho. Cancer & chemotherapy},
volume = {52},
number = {12},
pages = {889-892},
pmid = {41437607},
issn = {0385-0684},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; *Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy/physiopathology/pathology/surgery ; Middle Aged ; *Receptor, ErbB-2/immunology/analysis ; *Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use/adverse effects ; Trastuzumab/administration & dosage ; Neoadjuvant Therapy ; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/administration & dosage ; },
abstract = {The patient was a 53-year-old female diagnosed with right breast cancer cT2N2bM0, cStage ⅢA, and the histopathological findings revelaed invasive ductal carcinoma, NG2, HG2, ER 90%, PgR 30%, HER2 3+, and Ki-67 50%. Cardiac function tests to assess suitability for neoadjuvant chemotherapy revealed a left ventricular ejection fraction of 39.7% and left ventricular hypokinesis. Trastuzumab was the preferred treatment for the breast cancer, and after consultation with the cardiologist, trastuzumab+pertuzumab+paclitaxel was initiated as neoadjuvant chemotherapy, in combination with an angiotensin Ⅱ receptor blocker and a beta-blocker. Post-surgery, histopathological examination revealed a non-pathological complete response, and treatment was continued with a T-DM1+aromatase inhibitor. The patient's cardiac function remained stable during anti-HER2 antibodies. We encountered a case in which anti-HER2 antibodies were administered to a patient with a HER2-positive breast cancer and markedly reduced cardiac function. With regular monitoring, appropriate cardiac care, and cardioprotective medications, anti-HER2 antibodies can be safely administered to patients with impaired cardiac function.},
}

Humans
Female
*Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy/physiopathology/pathology/surgery
Middle Aged
*Receptor, ErbB-2/immunology/analysis
*Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use/adverse effects
Trastuzumab/administration & dosage
Neoadjuvant Therapy
Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/administration & dosage

@article {pmid41436320,
year = {2025},
author = {Tekcan Sanli, DE and Sanli, AN},
title = {Deep Learning-Based Differentiation of DCIS and IDC from Mammographic Microcalcifications.},
journal = {Academic radiology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.acra.2025.12.002},
pmid = {41436320},
issn = {1878-4046},
}

@article {pmid41436217,
year = {2025},
author = {Khan, NU and Ali, SM and Pandit, DG and Chhetri, SK},
title = {Anti-AMPA receptor limbic encephalitis as the initial manifestation of metastatic breast cancer.},
journal = {BMJ case reports},
volume = {18},
number = {12},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1136/bcr-2025-268324},
pmid = {41436217},
issn = {1757-790X},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; *Breast Neoplasms/pathology/complications ; *Limbic Encephalitis/immunology/diagnosis/etiology/therapy ; *Receptors, AMPA/immunology ; *Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/secondary/complications ; *Autoantibodies/cerebrospinal fluid ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Middle Aged ; Plasma Exchange ; Diagnosis, Differential ; },
abstract = {Anti-α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptor limbic encephalitis is a rare neurological disorder often associated with malignancies. We present the case of a patient in her forties who initially presented with symptoms misattributed to migraine, later progressing to fever, confusion, declining consciousness and focal seizures. MRI findings were consistent with encephalitis, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis revealed lymphocytic pleocytosis with negative infectious workup. Despite initial empiric treatment for infectious encephalitis, her condition deteriorated. CT of the chest, abdomen and pelvis showed suspicious nodules in the left breast; biopsy confirmed the presence of metastatic invasive ductal carcinoma. She made a marked improvement following plasma exchange. Subsequently, the CSF autoimmune encephalitis panel returned positive for AMPA receptor antibodies, confirming the diagnosis of paraneoplastic encephalitis. This case underscores the need for early consideration of autoimmune and paraneoplastic causes in atypical or refractory encephalitis presentations, even prior to the availability of confirmatory antibody testing.},
}

Humans
Female
*Breast Neoplasms/pathology/complications
*Limbic Encephalitis/immunology/diagnosis/etiology/therapy
*Receptors, AMPA/immunology
*Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/secondary/complications
*Autoantibodies/cerebrospinal fluid
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Middle Aged
Plasma Exchange
Diagnosis, Differential

@article {pmid41433251,
year = {2025},
author = {Joshua, D and Rahimi, H and Seni, J and Ally, M and Omar, M and Joshi, J and Ali, F and Mohammed, S and Poulsen, A and Lund, S and , },
title = {Serial C-Reactive Protein Point-of-Care testing to optimize antibiotic treatment in hospitalized children with signs of infection in Zanzibar: A feasibility study.},
journal = {PLOS global public health},
volume = {5},
number = {12},
pages = {e0004777},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pgph.0004777},
pmid = {41433251},
issn = {2767-3375},
abstract = {Bacterial infections are among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in children, especially in low- and middle- income countries. As a result, antibiotics are frequently prescribed to children with signs of infection, even when cause may not be bacterial. This contributes to antimicrobial resistance (AMR), a global health concern. Integrating serial CRP point-of-care testing with culture and susceptibility testing may improve decision-making by facilitating earlier differentiation between bacterial and non-bacterial infections, promoting more appropriate antibiotic use.The study examined the feasibility of serial CRP POCT to guide discontinuation of antibiotic treatment in children in selected hospitals in Zanzibar, and to determine barriers to methods and procedures for the upcoming randomised controlled trial (RCT) (ISRCTN25937092).This prospective, individually randomized feasibility study was conducted between February 5 and March 3 2024 in two hospitals in Zanzibar. Research assistants and healthcare workers (HCWs) were trained on the use and interpretation of CRP POCT. Eligible neonates and children were randomized to CRP-guided or standard care antibiotic management. Feasibility was assessed using Bowen's framework; clinical outcomes were interpreted as exploratory.Eighty-two children participated, with a 96.0% follow-up rate. The CRP POCT intervention was rated "very important" by 89.7% of 58 HCWs. Adherence to CRP-based antibiotic guidance was high, though early discharges due to caregiver pressure were noted. The intervention integrated successfully into existing workflows and HCWs adapted the flowcharts in practice. Exploratory analysis showed CRP guidance reduced antibiotic treatment days in neonates with signs of infection (5.1 vs 6.6 days), and children aged 6 months to 12 years with febrile illness or diarrhoea (4.8 vs 6.7 days) compared to standard care, but the study was not powered for statistical inferences. This study suggests that the RCT of serial CRP POCT in guiding antibiotic treatment decision is feasible, and operationally implementable in this setting.},
}

@article {pmid41432796,
year = {2025},
author = {Donica, WRF and Shartzer, DS and Ramakrishnan, VG and Kuhl, E and Mais, DD and McMasters, KM and Ajkay, N},
title = {External Validation of a Pragmatic Scoring System for Predicting Upgrade of Atypical Ductal Hyperplasia at the Time of Surgery.},
journal = {Annals of surgical oncology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {41432796},
issn = {1534-4681},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH) carries a variable risk of upgrade at the time of surgery to ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) or invasive malignancy. We sought to externally validate a pragmatic upgrade risk scoring system previously demonstrated to have an upgrade rate of 0-2% in patients with a risk score of 0 out of 5.

METHODS: A multicenter, retrospective review of all percutaneous biopsies containing ADH was performed from 2017 to 2023. Women aged ≥ 18 years who underwent diagnostic mammography and surgical excision for pathologic correlation were included.

RESULTS: Among the 183 cases included, the mean age was 58 years ± standard deviation 11, and 91 patients (50%) reported a family history of breast cancer. Most biopsies were stereotactic (75%), vacuum-assisted (84%), and used 9-gauge needles (73%). Three of 14 (21%) patients with a risk score of 0 were upgraded to DCIS following surgical excision. Seven (19%) patients had a risk score of 1 upgraded - six to DCIS and one to an estrogen receptor-positive/progesterone receptor-positive/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative invasive ductal carcinoma measuring 5.45 mm in largest diameter. On multivariate analysis, age, mammographic lesion size, and suspicion of DCIS on biopsy were predictive of upgrade.

CONCLUSIONS: The risk model evaluated generally predicts the risk of upgrade of ADH at excisional biopsy but may underestimate the upgrade rate in the lowest-risk cohort. Because of the small sample size, further work is needed to determine whether the rate of upgrade is truly low enough in this lowest-risk cohort to recommend against excisional biopsy.},
}

@article {pmid41432120,
year = {2025},
author = {Xu, W and Fan, L},
title = {Antitumor Effects of Tumor-Derived Exosomes in Murine Hepatocellular Carcinoma Models.},
journal = {Iranian journal of immunology : IJI},
volume = {22},
number = {4},
pages = {},
doi = {10.22034/iji.2025.106436.3025},
pmid = {41432120},
issn = {1735-367X},
mesh = {Animals ; *Exosomes/metabolism/immunology ; *Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/immunology/therapy/pathology ; *Dendritic Cells/immunology ; Mice ; *Liver Neoplasms/immunology/therapy/pathology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Humans ; Antigens, Neoplasm/immunology/metabolism ; Cytokines/metabolism ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Exosomes (EXOs) are small vesicles derived from endosomes and secreted by most living cells including tumor cells. In recent years, these vesicles have been recognized as key mediators of intercellular communication, playing essential roles in the regulation and orchestration of diverse physiological and pathological processes within the organism.

OBJECTIVE: To further investigate hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)-derived exosomes containing tumor-associated antigens and to evaluate their immunostimulatory capacity and antitumor effects using in vitro and in vivo approaches.

METHODS: Following isolation from tumor cells, exosomes were characterized and subsequently co-cultured with dendritic cells (DCs). The expression of surface molecules associated with DC maturation was then assessed using flow cytometry. A mouse liver cancer model was established and animals were randomly assigned to three groups: a negative control group (treated with PBS), an iDC group, and a DC-TEXs (tumor-derived exosomes) group. Tumor volume was monitored in all groups, with a focus on changes in immune cell populations and cytokine levels.

RESULTS: Our in vitro studies showed that Hepa1-6 cell-derived EXOs dose-dependently enhanced dendritic cell (DC) maturation, as evidenced by increased expression of surface MHC-II molecules, co-stimulatory markers (CD40, CD80, CD86), and the maturation marker CD83. In vivo studies using subcutaneous HCC mouse models demonstrated that TEX administration significantly alters the tumor immune microenvironment, mainly through increased T lymphocyte infiltration and proliferation.

CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that TEXs can serve as endogenous immunotherapeutic agents by eliciting tumor-specific T lymphocyte responses through DC activation cascades. These findings provide novel insights into the therapeutic exploitation of tumor-derived vesicles for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma.},
}

Animals
*Exosomes/metabolism/immunology
*Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/immunology/therapy/pathology
*Dendritic Cells/immunology
Mice
*Liver Neoplasms/immunology/therapy/pathology
Disease Models, Animal
Cell Line, Tumor
Humans
Antigens, Neoplasm/immunology/metabolism
Cytokines/metabolism

@article {pmid41430004,
year = {2025},
author = {Roy, S and Shanmugam, G and Rakshit, S and Pradeep, R and George, M and Sarkar, K},
title = {Retraction Note: Exploring the immunomodulatory potential of brahmi (Bacopa monnieri) in the treatment of invasive ductal carcinoma.},
journal = {Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England)},
volume = {43},
number = {2},
pages = {58},
pmid = {41430004},
issn = {1559-131X},
}

@article {pmid41429548,
year = {2025},
author = {Mao, J and Wang, JQ and He, H and Li, YH and Peng, JQ and Peng, HZ and Xu, YQ and Xie, XB},
title = {[Analyzing the impact of chemotherapy on cellular heterogeneity and identifying potential therapeutic targets in breast cancer patients via single-cell RNA sequencing].},
journal = {Zhonghua yu fang yi xue za zhi [Chinese journal of preventive medicine]},
volume = {59},
number = {12},
pages = {2147-2156},
doi = {10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20250425-00356},
pmid = {41429548},
issn = {0253-9624},
support = {22JBZ037//Hunan University of Chinese Medicine "Unveiling and Commanding" Program for Discipline Development/ ; kq2502082//Changsha Municipal Natural Science Foundation/ ; 2024CX123//Graduate Innovation Research Project of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; *Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy/genetics/pathology ; *Single-Cell Analysis ; *Sequence Analysis, RNA ; Tumor Microenvironment ; Case-Control Studies ; Transcriptome ; },
abstract = {Objective: Profiling tumor cell heterogeneity before and after chemotherapy in breast cancer patients to delineate the cellular evolutionary trajectory at single-cell resolution, thereby identifying potential targets for intervention. Methods: Using a case-control study design, a female patient with breast cancer admitted to the Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine in September 2020 was enrolled as the subject. Fresh tumor tissue samples, collected both before and after chemotherapy, were subjected to single-cell RNA sequencing to assess transcriptomic profiles and observe the impact of chemotherapy on the intratumoral microenvironment. Specifically, a pre-chemotherapy biopsy sample was obtained in June 2020, and a post-chemotherapy surgical resection sample was obtained in September 2020. Pathological diagnosis confirmed Grade Ⅲ invasive ductal carcinoma for both samples, with a molecular subtype of Luminal B. Results: A significance threshold of |log2FC|>2 and a P-value <0.05 were set to define statistically significant differences for subsequent bioinformatic analysis. Sequencing data revealed that a total of 8 599 cells were profiled in this study, with 4 180 (48.6%) and 4 419 (51.4%) cells derived from pre- and post-chemotherapy tumor tissues, respectively. It characterized the cellular composition of the tumor microenvironment and identified 13 distinct cell clusters. These included basal cells, pericytes, plasma cells, T cells, B cells, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, NK cells, mast cells, epithelial cells, macrophages, cycling cells, and plasmacytoid dendritic cells. Signaling pathways and transcription factors associated with these cell clusters were subsequently analyzed and subjected to enrichment analysis. Furthermore, this study delineated the precise cellular architecture and developmental trajectories of breast cancer before and after chemotherapy. It also predicted that the APOD, ELN, and F2R genes may play pivotal roles in disease progression. Conclusion: This study utilized single-cell RNA sequencing to analyze intra-tumoral cellular heterogeneity in a breast cancer patient before and after chemotherapy. The findings may provide a clinically informative direction for identifying novel potential therapeutic targets during chemotherapy, prior to primary tumor resection.},
}

Humans
Female
*Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy/genetics/pathology
*Single-Cell Analysis
*Sequence Analysis, RNA
Tumor Microenvironment
Case-Control Studies
Transcriptome

@article {pmid41425867,
year = {2025},
author = {Kumari, B and Lahariya, R},
title = {Somatic mutation counts as a surrogate marker for tumor mutation burden to predict progesterone receptor-positive (PR+) status in PIK3CA-mutated breast cancer.},
journal = {German medical science : GMS e-journal},
volume = {23},
number = {},
pages = {Doc16},
pmid = {41425867},
issn = {1612-3174},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; *Class I Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/genetics ; *Breast Neoplasms/genetics/pathology ; *Receptors, Progesterone/metabolism/genetics ; Retrospective Studies ; Middle Aged ; *Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics ; Mutation ; Adult ; *Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/genetics/pathology ; Aged ; },
abstract = {OBJECTIVES: Invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC), the most prevalent subtype of breast cancer, is characterized by significant genomic heterogeneity. Tumor mutation burden (TMB) has emerged as a predictive biomarker for immunotherapy response, yet its estimation via whole-exome sequencing remains complex and costly. This study aimed to evaluate whether total somatic mutation count can serve as a practical surrogate for TMB and assess its association with progesterone receptor (PR) status in PIK3CA-mutated IDC patients.

METHODS: This retrospective observational study utilized publicly available data from a previously published breast cancer sequencing study. A total of 164 female IDC patients with confirmed PIK3CA mutations and documented PR status were included. Relevant genomic and demographic parameters - TMB, mutation count, and age - were extracted and analyzed. Statistical analyses included correlation, intergroup comparisons by PR status, and binary logistic regression. Predictive performance was assessed using area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) curves.

RESULTS: Patients with PR-negative status exhibited significantly higher TMB and mutation count than PR-positive patients (p-value<0.001 for both). TMB and mutation count were positively correlated (r=0.61, p-value<0.001), indicating overlapping representation of genomic instability. Logistic regression showed that mutation count was a significant predictor of PR status (p-value=0.01). Mutation count demonstrated a slightly superior predictive performance (AUROC=0.738) compared to TMB (AUROC=0.737).

CONCLUSION: Total mutation count shows strong potential as a surrogate biomarker for TMB and a predictive marker for PR status in PIK3CA-mutated IDC, offering a cost-effective genomic tool in personalized breast cancer stratification.},
}

Humans
Female
*Class I Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/genetics
*Breast Neoplasms/genetics/pathology
*Receptors, Progesterone/metabolism/genetics
Retrospective Studies
Middle Aged
*Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
Mutation
Adult
*Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/genetics/pathology
Aged

@article {pmid41421880,
year = {2025},
author = {Xu, W and An, Y},
title = {Author Response to "Letter to Editor: Deep Learning-Based Differentiation of DCIS and IDC from Mammographic Microcalcifications".},
journal = {Academic radiology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.acra.2025.12.001},
pmid = {41421880},
issn = {1878-4046},
}

@article {pmid41416307,
year = {2025},
author = {Abdelgelil, M and Alshangiti, A and Taha, W and Soliman, O and Aldandan, R and Alabbas, A and Abbas, H and Azam, F},
title = {Understanding the Rare Breast Cancer Subtypes With Variations in Histopathology, Molecular Profiling, Clinical Outcomes and Therapeutic Approaches.},
journal = {Cureus},
volume = {17},
number = {11},
pages = {e96952},
pmid = {41416307},
issn = {2168-8184},
abstract = {Background Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease with significant variation in clinical behaviour, pathological morphology and molecular patterns. While most of the breast cancer cases follow common histological and clinical patterns, but a few rare subtypes behave differently with a difference in prognosis and response to therapy. Recognizing these subtypes of breast cancer is important for accurate diagnosis and treatment planning. Aims and objectives This study aimed to evaluate the clinical features, pathological criteria, and outcomes of patients with these rare breast cancer subtypes treated at King Fahad Specialist Hospital (KFSH-D), a biggest regional tertiary care center. Patients and methods This is a retrospective, observational, descriptive study analyzing 30 patients diagnosed with rare breast cancer subtypes and treated at KFSH-D between January 2019 and December 2024. Results We included 30 patients with rare pathological breast cancer subtypes. Among them, eight patients (27%) had apocrine carcinoma. The mean age at diagnosis for this group was between 55 and 60 years and a mean tumor size was greater than 2 cm. Additionally, 14 (46%) patients had metaplastic carcinoma, with a mean age at diagnosis of 45-60 years and tumor sizes ranging between 3 and 5 cm. Five (17%) patients were diagnosed with mucinous adenocarcinoma. Their mean age at diagnosis was 70 years, with tumors larger than 2 cm. All of these patients had stage N0-N1 disease and were positive for estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and negative for Her-2/neu on immunohistochemistry (IHC). One (3%) patient had lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma. She was diagnosed at 51 years of age, with a tumor size of 2.2x3.2 cm. She underwent simple mastectomy and sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB). The tumor was histologic grade III with no lymphovascular invasion or intraductal component. We also identified two (7%) patients with invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) showing neuroendocrine differentiation. Both were positive for chromogranin A and synaptophysin on IHC. Their ages at diagnosis were 55-65 years, and tumor sizes ranged from 4 to 6 cm. These tumors were histologic grade III, hormone receptor-positive, and Her-2/neu negative. Survival outcomes varied across groups, with mucinous carcinoma showing the most favorable prognosis. Conclusion Rare subtypes of invasive breast cancers have distinct clinical and pathological behaviours with different outcomes. Recognition of these tumors will help in patient-tailored treatment strategies and will contribute to better patient management.},
}

@article {pmid41415796,
year = {2025},
author = {Sivacoumarane, S and Krishnamoorthy, A and Augustine, P and Dinesh, D},
title = {Neoplasm within Neoplasm-A Rare Case of Breast Carcinoma with Isolated Metastasis to a Uterine Leiomyoma.},
journal = {Indian journal of surgical oncology},
volume = {16},
number = {6},
pages = {1766-1768},
pmid = {41415796},
issn = {0975-7651},
abstract = {The most common sites of metastasis from breast cancer are the bone, lungs, and liver. Metastasis to uterine leiomyomas from breast cancer is extremely rare, and here we present such a case. A 46-year-old premenopausal lady presented with a left breast lump, diagnosed as cT4bN2M0 invasive ductal carcinoma. Imaging revealed a large asymptomatic subserosal uterine fibroid with no signs of metastasis elsewhere. She received neoadjuvant chemotherapy and underwent modified radical mastectomy with total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. Histopathology showed metastatic breast carcinoma within the leiomyoma, confirmed by GATA3 positivity and morphological similarity to the breast tumor. The ovaries, fallopian tubes, and cervix were free of disease. This case underscores the importance of thorough histopathological evaluation of surgical specimens, even without preoperative suspicion of metastasis.},
}

@article {pmid41415782,
year = {2025},
author = {Delshad, B and Abdolahad, M and Aghasi, M and Hosseinpour, P and Kohan, FZ and Akbari, ME},
title = {Evaluation of the Concordance of Cancer Diagnostic Probe Findings During Surgery and Suspected Distortion in Pre-surgical Mammography Based on Pathology.},
journal = {Indian journal of surgical oncology},
volume = {16},
number = {6},
pages = {1748-1754},
pmid = {41415782},
issn = {0975-7651},
abstract = {Cancer diagnostic probe stations (CDP) are expensive, and they are better used in patients with suspicious findings in initial mammography. For the first time, this study investigated the compatibility of suspicious findings observed in mammograms of patients before surgery with CDP findings based on pathology findings as the gold standard. This prospective study was conducted on 26 patients with breast cancer candidates for conservative surgery with suspicious findings in the initial mammography, who were referred to our institute between April 2024 and September 2024. Ultrasound and mammography findings before surgery, frozen findings, CDP during surgery, and pathology results of patients were collected using a checklist. A breast fellowship and a radiologist, with the guidance of the positions and hourly codes of the Quadrants of Breasts, classified the position of suspicious findings in CDP and mammography. The concordance rate between the two methods was evaluated with the Kappa coefficient. Based on mammography findings, 9 (36.4%) suspicious findings were observed in the lateral, 8 (30.8%) in the medial, and 5 (19.2%) in the interior of the breast. These results were confirmed in the CDP findings. Based on the pathology findings, 7 cases of lesions were of invasive type (4 IDC and 3 ILC), while the frozen results were free in all cases. The degree of concordance and correlation between mammography and CDP findings was 96.2%. Mammography findings were almost completely consistent with intraoperative CDP findings. Suppose there are suspicious findings in the mammography of patients who are candidates for conservative breast surgery. In that case, CDP can be used intraoperatively for these slight distortions of the surrounding tumor tissue to reduce recurrence and cost and increase patient survival.},
}

@article {pmid41415763,
year = {2025},
author = {Grewal, P and Kadayaprath, G and Sobti, P},
title = {A Rare Case Report-an Early-Stage Invasive Lobular Carcinoma with Her 2 Neu Positivity.},
journal = {Indian journal of surgical oncology},
volume = {16},
number = {6},
pages = {1362-1363},
pmid = {41415763},
issn = {0975-7651},
abstract = {Invasive lobular breast cancer is a rare and special subtype of breast cancer which has a different clinical behaviour and is morphologically different from other subtypes. However, it is not any different in terms of outcome as compared to invasive ductal carcinoma. It accounts for 5-15% of the invasive breast cancers (Li et al. in Br J Cancer 93:1046-1052, 2005). Her 2 Neu positivity in invasive lobular cancers (ILCs) is even rarer and has been linked to adverse outcomes, although limited literature is available. Management of ILCs with Her 2 Neu positivity is according to standard multimodality breast cancer management guidelines. Here, we report a case report of an early-stage invasive lobular breast cancer with hormone receptor and Her 2 Neu positivity.},
}

@article {pmid41415758,
year = {2025},
author = {Roy-Chowdhury, A and Swain, SS and Biswas, G and Kar, D and Mohanty, SK and Banerjee, B},
title = {Landscape and Immuno-Molecular Phenotyping of 301 Eastern Indian Breast Carcinoma Cases- A Comparative Assessment of TNBC Incidence.},
journal = {Indian journal of surgical oncology},
volume = {16},
number = {6},
pages = {1780-1787},
pmid = {41415758},
issn = {0975-7651},
abstract = {UNLABELLED: In the 2022-2024 Globocan data, India alone contributed 15.5% (1.4 million) of the staggering 23.8% of breast carcinoma (BC) cases globally and in the lot 0.85 million people succumbed to the disease. BC remains a complex and multifaceted disease that poses a significant threat and is a public health concern. Region-specific molecular subtyping is required with the updating trends of the disease. The study was conducted retrospectively at the Central Reference Laboratory, inDNA Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, from January 2021 to December 2023. A total of 301 BC patients were recruited in the study from multiple institutions in a consecutive manner across West-Bengal and Odisha. Statistical analysis was performed using GraphPad Prism (version 8.3.0) software. The study included 294 (97.6%) women and 7 (2.3%) men. Invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) was the most common histopathologic type observed in 90.2% (n = 267) of patients. Majority of them were diagnosed in the 4th to 6th decade of their life (n = 173; 58.45%) with a mean age of 50.8 years. ER + expression was detected in 104 (35.1%) and PR + in 87 (29.4%) cases. HER-2/neu overexpression was observed in 89 (30.1%) cases. A striking 39.8% (n = 118) triple-negative or basal-like status was noted in the cohort. Immunohistochemistry-based classification remains the gold-standard method for sub-typing of BC. The study highlights alarming numbers of TNBC cases and is the most prevalent sub-group in the 40-60 years age-group of eastern-Indian BC cases in comparison with region-specific incidence. Additionally, concurrent use of HER2/neu FISH on equivocal cases revealed a HER2/neu positivity conversion rate of 28%. Apart from studying the routine histo-molecular attributes, BRCA-based genetic screening needs to be brought into the mainstream testing for all clinically diagnosed BC cases.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13193-025-02282-z.},
}

@article {pmid41415643,
year = {2025},
author = {Park, SH and Yun, KW and Yoon, GY and Cho, Y and Kim, S},
title = {Effectiveness of Transcatheter Arterial Embolization in Locally Advanced Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Resistant to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy: A Case Report.},
journal = {Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology},
volume = {86},
number = {6},
pages = {1072-1078},
pmid = {41415643},
issn = {2951-0805},
abstract = {A 74-year-old woman was diagnosed with locally advanced invasive ductal carcinoma of the right breast, which was confirmed as triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) by immunohisto-chemical analysis. Multiple ipsilateral axillary lymph node metastases were identified, but no distant metastases were detected. The patient underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy, which was ineffective, and subsequently developed tumor-related wound bleeding. To control the bleeding and reduce tumor vascularity, transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) was performed. Permanent embolization using Embosphere microspheres and glue induced in complete ischemia, leading to a significant reduction in tumor and lymph node size, thereby enabling surgical resection. A follow-up examination one year later revealed no evidence of recurrence or metastasis. This case report highlights the potential therapeutic efficacy of TAE in the management of locally advanced TNBC resistant to neoadjuvant chemotherapy.},
}

@article {pmid41412445,
year = {2025},
author = {Collins, K and Gupta, S and Cheng, L},
title = {Updates in Bladder and Prostate Pathology: Diagnostic Consensus and Clinical Relevance.},
journal = {Human pathology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {106018},
doi = {10.1016/j.humpath.2025.106018},
pmid = {41412445},
issn = {1532-8392},
abstract = {Accurate grading, staging, and classification are essential components of bladder and prostate cancer pathology, directly influencing clinical management and patient outcomes. Recent initiatives by the International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) and the Genitourinary Pathology Society (GUPS) have produced key consensus updates aimed at refining diagnostic criteria and resolving long-standing controversies. This review highlights high-impact developments in bladder and prostate pathology, including updated grading systems and T1 substaging in bladder tumors, the proposed hybrid grading approach, and the classification of urachal carcinoma. Evolving perspectives in prostate pathology are also discussed, encompassing intraductal carcinoma of the prostate (IDC-P), neuroendocrine and aggressive variant tumors, and the clinical relevance of Grade Group 1 disease in the context of active surveillance. Recent literature and consensus statements are summarized with attention to diagnostic challenges and practical implementation. These focused updates highlight the dynamic nature of urologic pathology and reflect a broader movement toward greater diagnostic precision, reproducibility, and clinical relevance, with adoption of ISUP and GUPS frameworks essential for improving patient outcomes.},
}

@article {pmid41409392,
year = {2025},
author = {Ramezanpour, S and Vulasala, SSR and Sharma, S and Sharma, S},
title = {An unusual case of breast cancer masked by hidradenitis suppurativa.},
journal = {Journal of clinical imaging science},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {44},
pmid = {41409392},
issn = {2156-7514},
abstract = {We report a rare case of a 28-year-old African-American woman with chronic hidradenitis suppurativa (HS), in whom breast masses were initially misattributed to HS-related inflammation, delaying diagnosis of breast cancer. She presented with back pain and diagnostic work-up revealed thoracic vertebral metastasis. Dedicated breast imaging showed suspicious breast masses and biopsy confirmed invasive ductal carcinoma. This case highlights the importance of breast imaging when inflammatory skin conditions of the breast fail to respond to standard treatment.},
}

@article {pmid41403731,
year = {2025},
author = {Abou-El-Naga, AM and El Saied, AM and Akl, MM and Abd El-Aziz, SA},
title = {Pathological and Molecular Significance of HER2/neu Overexpression in Familial Breast Cancer Among Egyptian Women: A Comprehensive Study on Diagnostic and Prognostic Implications.},
journal = {Advanced pharmaceutical bulletin},
volume = {15},
number = {3},
pages = {637-645},
pmid = {41403731},
issn = {2228-5881},
abstract = {PURPOSE: Breast cancer remains the most prevalent malignancy among women worldwide, with a strikingly high incidence in Egypt, particularly in familial cases. This study aims to comprehensively elucidate the pathological and molecular significance of ERBB2 (HER2/neu) overexpression in Egyptian familial breast cancer, highlighting its role in tumor aggressiveness, immune evasion, and precision oncology.

METHODS: We enrolled 44 Egyptian breast cancer patients along with 35 daughters and 24 sisters (2013-2015, Mansoura University Hospital). Comprehensive analyses included serum biochemical assays, histopathological evaluation, immunohistochemical staining for ERBB2, and molecular detection of ERBB2 amplification using first-round and nested PCR. Associations with clinical, hormonal, and metabolic variables were also explored.

RESULTS: Serum biochemical profiling revealed significantly elevated ALT (6.6±0.55 U/mL), LDH (16.8±1.4 U/mL), and CA15 3 (160±13.33 U/mL), with reduced AST (2.6±0.22 U/mL) compared to controls (P≤0.05). Histopathology confirmed invasive ductal carcinoma with dense stromal desmoplasia. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated ERBB2 overexpression in>10% of tumor cells. Nested PCR detected ERBB2 amplification in 72% of patients, and in daughters (17%) and sisters (20%). Notably, higher ERBB2 expression was observed in unmarried patients (100%), pre-menopausal women (73-72%), and those with diabetes or hypertension, suggesting hormonal and metabolic modulation via PI3K/AKT/mTOR and MAPK/ERK pathways. ERBB2 mutations were identified in 14% of patients, 2.1% of daughters, and 1.2% of sisters. Furthermore, ERBB2 may upregulate PD-L1, contributing to immune evasion.

CONCLUSION: Our findings highlight ERBB2 as a pivotal diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in Egyptian familial breast cancer and support integrating HER2-targeted therapies with immune checkpoint inhibitors and metabolic interventions. This approach could transform outcomes in high-risk familial cohorts. The study emphasizes the importance of genetic screening and precision medicine strategies that consider molecular, hormonal, and metabolic contexts in breast cancer care.},
}

@article {pmid41398591,
year = {2025},
author = {Roy, P and Aggarwal, Y and Kochar, SK and Kochar, DK and Das, A},
title = {Integrative transcriptomic and machine learning approaches to decipher mitochondrial gene regulation in severe Plasmodium vivax malaria.},
journal = {Malaria journal},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1186/s12936-025-05725-8},
pmid = {41398591},
issn = {1475-2875},
support = {PID: 2019-1121//Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)/ ; },
abstract = {Mitochondria in Plasmodium vivax are functionally vital despite possessing a highly reduced genome and differing substantially from the human organelle. Beyond their classical role in energy production, they dynamically coordinate processes like pyrimidine biosynthesis and heme metabolism, adapting their functions across the intra-erythrocytic development cycle (IDC). Their unique architecture and stage-specific roles enable the parasite to fine-tune mitochondrial gene expression, involving both protein-coding sense transcripts and long non-coding natural antisense transcripts (NATs). This study unveils an unprecedented regulatory complexity by integrating transcriptomic profiling with advanced machine learning to decode the role of mitochondrial sense and natural antisense transcripts (NATs) in severe P. vivax malaria. We reveal distinct, clinically relevant expression signatures, where NATs emerge not as transcriptional by-products but as potent regulators tightly linked to mitochondrial pathways and translational machinery. This dual-layered transcriptomic landscape reflects an intricate molecular strategy by which the parasite fine-tunes mitochondrial function to survive under severe disease conditions. Importantly, while these findings illuminate novel regulatory mechanisms and position mitochondrial NATs as promising targets for antimalarial drug development, they represent preliminary insights derived from a limited clinical cohort and should not be interpreted as definitive clinical indicators. Validation in larger and diverse patient populations is essential to confirm their broader biological and clinical relevance. However, these results serve as indicators for potential innovative therapeutic interventions aimed at disrupting parasite bioenergetics and regulatory networks.},
}

@article {pmid41391258,
year = {2025},
author = {Li, Y and Leberzammer, J and Blanchet, X and Duan, R and Lacy, M and Triantafyllidou, V and Eckardt, V and Briem, E and Jung, AS and Su, R and Guerra, J and Jansen, Y and Hristov, M and Enard, W and Bernhagen, J and Weber, C and Atzler, D and Bartelt, A and Döring, Y and Santovito, D and Kaltner, H and Ludwig, AK and von Hundelshausen, P},
title = {Galectin-1 induces macrophage immunometabolic reprogramming, modulates T cell immunity and attenuates atherosclerotic plaque formation.},
journal = {Atherosclerosis},
volume = {413},
number = {},
pages = {120608},
doi = {10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2025.120608},
pmid = {41391258},
issn = {1879-1484},
abstract = {BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Atherosclerosis is a chronic immunometabolic disease driven by lipid accumulation and immune cell infiltration. Macrophages and T cells play key roles throughout plaque development. Galectin-1 (Gal-1), a glycan-binding protein, modulates immune functions in these cells and has been reported to attenuate atherosclerosis, though its mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Here, we investigated the effects of Gal-1 on macrophages and T cells during plaque formation.

METHODS: Effects of Gal-1 on atherosclerosis, macrophages and T cells during lesion formation were studied in Apoe[-/-] mice treated with recombinant Gal-1. Complementary mouse peritoneal foam cell and in vitro macrophage and T cell culture experiments were performed to study T cell differentiation, macrophage function, polarization and energy metabolism. The impact of Gal-1 on human macrophages was further evaluated in endarterectomy specimens.

RESULTS: Gal-1 treatment reduced lesion size and increased circulating IL-10 levels, inversely correlating with plaque burden. Unexpectedly, IL-10 neutralization also mitigated atherosclerosis, indicating that its action is at least partially IL-10-independent. In plaques, Gal-1 promoted anti-inflammatory macrophage phenotypes, mirrored by a quiescent metabolic and anti-inflammatory profile in foamy macrophages ex vivo. The use of the Gal-1[E71Q] variant revealed that these effects were only partly dependent on glycan binding. Beyond IL-10, Gal-1 reshaped cytokine profiles by increasing IL-17, IL-22, and IL-23, consistent with a macrophage-driven regulatory Th17 response, alongside higher frequencies of IL-10-producing and regulatory T cells.

CONCLUSION: Gal-1 protects against atherosclerosis associated with reprogramming macrophages and tuning T cell immunity through glycan-dependent and -independent pathways.},
}

@article {pmid41360305,
year = {2025},
author = {Torki, F and Bendena, WG and Chin-Sang, ID},
title = {IDENTIFICATION of NLP-5 and NLP-6 as potential ligands for the NPR-9 receptor in Caenorhabditis elegans.},
journal = {General and comparative endocrinology},
volume = {376},
number = {},
pages = {114869},
doi = {10.1016/j.ygcen.2025.114869},
pmid = {41360305},
issn = {1095-6840},
abstract = {Neuropeptides in Caenorhabditis elegans regulate physiological and behavioural responses to environmental cues, influencing locomotion, feeding, and fat storage via interactions with G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). C. elegans expresses a diverse repertoire of neuropeptides, including FMRFamide-related peptides, neuropeptide-like peptides (NLPs), and insulin-like peptides (INSs). Among these, the galanin/allatostatin-like GPCR, NPR-9, localized in the AIB interneurons, regulates locomotory behaviours (roaming and dwelling) and fat accumulation by inhibiting AIB activity. Recent studies identified NLP-1 as a ligand for NPR-9, modulating behaviour through direct receptor interaction. However, our research explored whether other neuropeptides, specifically NLP-5 and NLP-6 (allatostatin A-type/galanin-like neuropeptides), could also function as NPR-9 ligands, despite evidence suggesting NLP-1 as the primary ligand. In this study, we characterized phenotypes associated with NPR-9 receptor function, including Omega turns, roaming, and fat accumulation. Loss-of-function mutations in nlp-5, nlp-6, and nlp-1 exhibited behavioural phenotypes similar to npr-9 mutants, suggesting that NLP-5 and NLP-6 may act as additional ligands for NPR-9 or affect NPR-9 signalling. Furthermore, double-mutant analyses with candidate ligand genes suppressed phenotypes associated with NPR-9 overexpression, reinforcing the hypothesis that these neuropeptides may regulate NPR-9-mediated signalling.},
}

@article {pmid41385917,
year = {2025},
author = {Smyth, NM and Zaborowski, AM and Bolarinwa, BV and Hembrecht, S and Culhane, RJ and Narsiman, A and Canavan, CT and Sørensen, J and Downey, E and Allen, M and Butt, A and Power, C and McArdle, O and Morris, PG and Healy, N and McKenna, L and Hill, ADK},
title = {Do Not Rush to Omit Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy for Early Breast Cancer Patients.},
journal = {Clinical breast cancer},
volume = {26},
number = {1},
pages = {58-63},
doi = {10.1016/j.clbc.2025.11.006},
pmid = {41385917},
issn = {1938-0666},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Recent data suggest that sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) can be omitted in select patients with early breast cancer. The aim of this study was to determine the utility of SLNB for patients with early breast cancer.

METHODS: A retrospective analysis of patients diagnosed with breast cancer in a Level IV hospital in Dublin, Ireland, between December 2013 and March 2024 was conducted. Inclusion criteria included: female patients ≥ 18 years, with cT1 disease and a negative preoperative axillary ultrasound, who underwent breast conserving surgery and a SLNB.

RESULTS: In total, 334 patients were included. The median age was 59 years (26-91 years). The majority had invasive ductal carcinoma (261 patients, 78.1%) and were hormone receptor-postive and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative (274 patients, 82%). Final N stage was N0 in 282 (84%) of patients. Fifty-two patients (16%) had a positive-SLNB, despite a negative preoperative axilla. Twenty-four patients underwent an axillary clearance, of which 7 (14%) were positive, with only 3 patients (12.5%) upstaged following axillary clearance. Eighty-four patients (25%) received chemotherapy due to positive-SLNB. In line with contemporary data, 9 patients (2.7%) were eligible for CDK4/6 inhibitors, 48 patients (14%) for escalation to nodal radiation, or 275 patients (82%) for de-escalation to partial breast radiation.

CONCLUSION: While SLNB may be safely omitted in specific contexts, its omission carries the risk of under- and over-treatment. Our findings demonstrate that SLNB continues to guide adjuvant therapy for breast cancer patients, and thus, support the ongoing use of SLNB.},
}

@article {pmid41383507,
year = {2025},
author = {Vuppumalla, B and Ravichandran, A and Manickavasagam, M and Javvaji, CK and Vagha, K},
title = {Dual malignancies: a case report of the sequential occurrence of a trichilemmal tumor and breast carcinoma in a 56-year-old female.},
journal = {Frontiers in oncology},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1590725},
pmid = {41383507},
issn = {2234-943X},
abstract = {The authors present a rare case of the sequential occurrence of a malignant trichilemmal tumor (MPTT) and invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast in a 56-year-old woman. The patient initially presented with a palpable breast lump and a longstanding asymptomatic scalp swelling that had been present since childhood. Histopathological evaluation confirmed the breast lump as invasive ductal carcinoma, while the scalp swelling, initially suspected to be a benign cyst, was diagnosed as an MPTT. The patient underwent combination chemotherapy, which resulted in a favorable response of the breast carcinoma; however, the MPTT exhibited a discordant therapeutic outcome. Trichilemmal carcinoma is an uncommon cutaneous neoplasm, and its coexistence with breast carcinoma represents an exceedingly rare clinical scenario. Furthermore, the differential response of these malignancies to chemotherapy presents a significant therapeutic challenge. This case underscores the importance of accurate diagnosis, individualized treatment strategies, and a multidisciplinary approach for optimally managing such complex oncological presentations.},
}

@article {pmid41381594,
year = {2025},
author = {Makris, K and Fonda, V and Ramadhani, FF and Fadel, L and Davezac, M and Payet, B and Deligiannis, IK and Zhang, L and Horn, T and Heimerl, L and Jouffe, C and Heddes, M and Martinez-Jimenez, CP and Quagliarini, F and Uhlenhaut, NH},
title = {Hepatic metabolic reprogramming in male mice during short-term caloric restriction involves enhanced glucocorticoid rhythms.},
journal = {Nature communications},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1038/s41467-025-67228-z},
pmid = {41381594},
issn = {2041-1723},
support = {490946138//Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (German Research Foundation)/ ; 314061271//Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (German Research Foundation)/ ; 213249687//Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (German Research Foundation)/ ; ERCCoG GRACE 101086997//EC | EU Framework Programme for Research and Innovation H2020 | H2020 Priority Excellent Science | H2020 European Research Council (H2020 Excellent Science - European Research Council)/ ; },
abstract = {Caloric restriction prolongs lifespan and preserves health across species, with feeding times synchronized to day-night cycles further maximizing benefits. However, the mechanisms linking diet, diurnal rhythms, and lifespan remain unclear. In mice, the time point most strongly tied to dietary effects on lifespan coincides with the peak of glucocorticoid secretion (ZT12, lights-off). Caloric restriction raises circulating glucocorticoid hormone levels, implicating these signals as candidate mediators for its benefits. Here we show that in the liver, the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) is required for the metabolic response to caloric restriction. Hepatocyte-specific GR mutant males fail to mount this response, indicating that increased glucocorticoid amplitude is necessary for the adaptation. Using multiomics, we find that nutrient deprivation elicits a nuclear switch from active STAT signaling to increased FOXO1 activity, enabling GR to activate diet-specific gene expression programs. Our results suggest that glucocorticoid rhythms are crucial for caloric restriction-induced metabolic reprogramming.},
}

@article {pmid41380603,
year = {2025},
author = {Fabro, E and Silva, R and Cefarelli, AO and Mattera Coy, B and Montoya, N and Paparazzo, FE and Giberto, D and Almandoz, GO},
title = {Composition, distribution and toxicity of spring phytoplankton community in the San Jorge Gulf - Argentine Patagonia.},
journal = {Marine environmental research},
volume = {214},
number = {},
pages = {107721},
doi = {10.1016/j.marenvres.2025.107721},
pmid = {41380603},
issn = {1879-0291},
abstract = {San Jorge Gulf (SJG) is one of the most productive regions in the southwestern Atlantic Ocean, supporting a diverse community and key commercial species for fisheries. However, phytoplankton composition and dynamics in the area remain poorly studied, and most previous works have focused only on toxigenic phytoplankton. This study provides the first comprehensive assessment of the entire phytoplankton community (0.2-200 μm) in the SJG, northern waters (NW), and adjacent shelf waters (AW), as well as its relation to hydrographic conditions during two spring seasons. Furthermore, the occurrence of toxigenic species and the accumulation of toxins in benthic organisms are addressed. High biomass concentrations were observed in the SJG during both springs, with peaks of 706 μgC L[-1] in 2016 and 487 μgC L[-1] in 2017, associated with the North thermal Front System (NFS). Distinct hydrographic conditions were recorded in the two years, mainly reflecting differences in sampling time and in the penetration of the Patagonian Current (PC) into the gulf, which indicated different stages of the spring bloom. Microplanktonic diatoms such as Corethron pennatum, Leptocylindrus danicus, and Thalassiosira spp., dominated most sampling stations during both springs, particularly in the SJG, whereas nanoplanktonic chain-forming diatoms and dinoflagellates contributed substantially to total biomass in the NW and AW. The dinoflagellate Alexandrium catenella was the most abundant toxigenic species, associated with the detection of paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs) in plankton samples as well as in several benthic organisms.},
}

@article {pmid41377877,
year = {2025},
author = {Gu, C and He, Y and Lin, J and Wang, Z and Guo, S and Yang, H and Wang, W and Sun, J and Gan, H and Li, H},
title = {Preoperative prediction of axillary lymph node metastasis in breast invasive ductal carcinoma patients using a deep learning model based on dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging: a multicenter study.},
journal = {Gland surgery},
volume = {14},
number = {11},
pages = {2288-2301},
pmid = {41377877},
issn = {2227-684X},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) is the most common histological subtype of breast cancer, and axillary lymph node metastasis (ALNM) is a pivotal factor in clinical staging, prognostic assessment, and treatment planning. This study aims to develop and validate a deep learning (DL) model based on dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) for the prediction of ALNM in IDC patients.

METHODS: This multicenter study conducted a retrospective analysis of DCE-MRI images from 520 patients diagnosed with IDC of the breast. The training and internal validation sets consisted of 411 patients from The First Hospital of Qinhuangdao, while the external testing set included 109 patients from the Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Qinhuangdao. Radiomics and DL features were extracted separately from the DCE-MRI images. We evaluated five models (Clinical, Radiomics, Radiomics-Clinical, DL, DL-Clinical) using radiomics features, DL features, and clinical features. Finally, the predictive performance of the models was evaluated using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and the area under the curve (AUC).

RESULTS: The AUCs for the Clinical model and Radiomics model, which are machine learning models, and the DL-model, were 0.807, 0.840, and 0.865, respectively. The combined models incorporating clinical features, namely the Radiomics-Clinical and DL-Clinical models, achieved AUCs of 0.824 and 0.935, respectively. Among the five models, the DL-Clinical model demonstrated a significant advantage in predicting ALNM. Additionally, this model exhibited robust performance in both internal validation and external testing sets, with AUCs of 0.946 and 0.951, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS: The DCE-MRI-based DL-Clinical model provides a non-invasive adjunct tool for preoperative identification of ALNM in patients with breast IDC, thereby enhancing the efficacy of personalized treatment strategies and improving patient quality of life.},
}

@article {pmid41377359,
year = {2025},
author = {Jehangir, AM and Mehmood, N and Khan, MS and Abrar, Z and Riaz, AA and Antar, M and Khan, A},
title = {Concurrent malignant phyllodes tumor and invasive ductal carcinoma in a young female: a rare case report.},
journal = {Annals of medicine and surgery (2012)},
volume = {87},
number = {12},
pages = {8903-8908},
pmid = {41377359},
issn = {2049-0801},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Phyllodes tumors are rare fibroepithelial breast neoplasms, typically affecting middle-aged women. Malignant phyllodes tumors (MPTs) account for a minority of these cases and are extremely uncommon in adolescents. The synchronous presentation of MPT with contralateral invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) is exceptionally rare and presents unique diagnostic and therapeutic challenges.

CASE PRESENTATION: We report the case of a 19-year-old female who presented with a rapidly enlarging mass in the left breast, initially misdiagnosed as an abscess. On physical examination, a distinct right breast mass and bilateral axillary lymphadenopathy were also noted. Imaging and biopsy revealed an MPT in the left breast. Histopathology confirmed IDC in the right breast and metastatic adenocarcinoma in both axillae. Immunohistochemistry revealed high proliferative activity in the IDC. The patient underwent left mastectomy and was started on systemic chemotherapy, with a favorable initial response.

CLINICAL DISCUSSION: This case underscores the importance of considering rare malignancies in adolescents with atypical breast presentations and highlights the diagnostic limitations of imaging alone. The concurrent diagnosis of two distinct breast cancers in a young patient raises concern for a possible underlying genetic predisposition and supports the need for a multidisciplinary approach to management.

CONCLUSION: The simultaneous occurrence of MPT and IDC in adolescents is extraordinarily rare. Early histopathological assessment, comprehensive bilateral evaluation, and coordinated oncologic care are essential for optimal management in such complex cases.},
}

@article {pmid41374465,
year = {2025},
author = {Aydin, H and Bozkurt, C and Hayme, S and Bilge, AC and Oztekin, PS and Avdan Aslan, A and Ozcan, I and Gultekin, S and Eren, A and Durur Subası, I},
title = {Segmental Non-Mass Enhancement Features in Breast Magnetic Resonance Imaging: A Multicenter Retrospective Study of Histopathologic Correlations.},
journal = {Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {15},
number = {23},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/diagnostics15233084},
pmid = {41374465},
issn = {2075-4418},
abstract = {Background/Objectives: Segmental non-mass enhancement (NME) is the breast MRI distribution pattern with the highest positive predictive value (PPV) for malignancy. Despite its diagnostic relevance, its imaging characteristics have rarely been examined in isolation, leaving uncertainty in clinical practice. This multicenter retrospective cohort study aimed to evaluate multiparametric MRI features-including internal enhancement pattern, dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) kinetics, and diffusion restriction-in segmental NME to identify malignancy predictors. Methods: This retrospective cohort review included 14,834 breast MRI reports from five institutions (September 2017-February 2024), identifying 103 women (mean age, 44.4 ± 9.9 years) with segmental NME (70 malignant, 33 benign). MRI was performed at 1.5 T or 3 T using standardized protocols. Two breast radiologists, blinded to pathology, assessed internal enhancement, DCE kinetics, diffusion restriction, and short tau inversion recovery (STIR) features according to BI-RADS. Statistical analyses included chi-square/Fisher's tests and logistic regression. Results: Clustered ring enhancement (CRE) was significantly associated with malignancy (p = 0.004). Fast initial-phase enhancement (p < 0.001) and delayed-phase washout (p = 0.011) also correlated with malignancy. On multivariate analysis, fast initial-phase enhancement remained an independent predictor (odds ratio [OR] = 5.133, p = 0.031), whereas slow enhancement predicted benignity (OR = 0.194, p = 0.020). Histologies included ductal carcinoma in situ, invasive ductal carcinoma, granulomatous mastitis, and benign hyperplastic lesions. Conclusions: This study, focusing exclusively on segmental NME, identifies CRE, fast initial-phase enhancement, and washout kinetics as reliable imaging biomarkers. Incorporating these features into breast MRI interpretation may improve diagnostic accuracy, risk stratification, and management decisions.},
}

@article {pmid41374413,
year = {2025},
author = {Giannakaki, AG and Giannakaki, MN and Baroutis, D and Koura, S and Papachatzopoulou, E and Marinopoulos, S and Daskalakis, G and Dimitrakakis, C},
title = {Preoperative Breast MRI and Histopathology in Breast Cancer: Concordance, Challenges and Emerging Role of CEM and mpMRI.},
journal = {Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {15},
number = {23},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/diagnostics15233032},
pmid = {41374413},
issn = {2075-4418},
abstract = {Background: Preoperative breast MRI is widely used in surgical planning because of its high sensitivity. However, discrepancies with histopathology remain common and can affect tumor size assessment and treatment decisions. In addition, recent comparative studies have highlighted the growing role of contrast-enhanced mammography (CEM) and multiparametric MRI (mpMRI), both of which may improve specificity and accessibility compared to conventional MRI. Methods: A structured literature review was conducted in PubMed (2000-2025) according to PRISMA guidelines. Studies included if they evaluated preoperative breast MRI with histopathological correlation and reported sensitivity, specificity, or concordance outcomes. Data extraction focused on study design, patient and tumor characteristics, imaging methods, and clinical impact. Results: MRI demonstrates high sensitivity, particularly in detecting IDC and ILC. However, overestimation of tumor size remains a concern, particularly in ILC and high-grade DCIS, while underestimation is frequently observed after neoadjuvant therapy, especially in Luminal A tumors. Tumor size and stage significantly affect concordance, with advanced-stage tumors (T2-T3) showing better MRI-histopathology concordance than early-stage lesions (T0-T1). Specificity remains limited, particularly in DCIS and multifocal disease. Emerging evidence suggests that contrast-enhanced mammography (CEM) achieves comparable sensitivity with higher specificity, while multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) incorporating diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) improves lesion characterization and prediction of treatment response. Conclusions: While MRI remains a valuable diagnostic tool for breast cancer, histopathological validation is essential to guide treatment decisions. Future research should focus on AI-enhanced imaging techniques, CEM and multiparametric MRI to improve concordance rates, reduce overdiagnosis and translate imaging advances into meaningful clinical outcomes.},
}

@article {pmid41367817,
year = {2025},
author = {Zhao, Y and Liu, Y and Zheng, Y and Xu, X and Wang, Y and Zhang, X},
title = {Left ventricular sphericity indexes by gated single photon emission computed tomography myocardial perfusion imaging: potential opportunities and challenges for cardiac remodeling and clinical prognosis-a narrative review.},
journal = {Quantitative imaging in medicine and surgery},
volume = {15},
number = {12},
pages = {12857-12870},
pmid = {41367817},
issn = {2223-4292},
abstract = {BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Left ventricular (LV) remodeling is a crucial process in cardiac pathophysiology, significantly influencing the progression of heart failure (HF). LV sphericity indexes (LVSI), which include the shape index (SI) and eccentricity index (EI), are derived from gated single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) myocardial perfusion imaging (G-MPI) and are emerging as essential biomarkers for assessing LV remodeling (LVR). This review aims to summarize the imaging principles of LVSI and explore the pathophysiological insights and clinical applications associated with these indexes.

METHODS: A comprehensive literature search was conducted to identify relevant publications pertaining to LVSI. PubMed was searched for articles published using a combination of keywords, including "left ventricular sphericity index", "shape index", "eccentricity index", "left ventricular remodeling", and "prognosis". Both original studies and review articles were considered. Additionally, the references of retrieved articles were manually screened to identify further relevant publications. The final selection of studies included in this narrative review was based on their relevance to the topic, originality, and contribution to the understanding the clinical value of LVSI.

KEY CONTENT AND FINDINGS: LVSI assessed by routine G-MPI protocol enhances the predictive accuracy of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) and improves the risk stratification for different kind of cardiovascular disease, including ischemia with non-obstructive coronary artery disease (INOCA), suspected or known coronary artery disease (CAD), HF, and idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (IDC). The review also highlights the potential role of LVSI in guiding the personalizing treatment strategies, ultimately optimizing the management of patients with cardiovascular disease.

CONCLUSIONS: The integration of LVSI into routine G-MPI enhances the prognostic value without additional radiation or imaging. These indexes provide clinically relevant insights and are recommended for inclusion in the standard reporting to improve the outcome predictions and guide therapeutic decisions in the management of cardiovascular disease. Further investigation is warranted to standardize and optimize their application.},
}

@article {pmid41363921,
year = {2025},
author = {Panev, SD and Bozinovska, B and Veljanovska, BP and Bunovic, NP and Dimitrovska, MJ},
title = {Radiology Approach to Invasive Breast Lobular Carcinoma - Initial Experience.},
journal = {Prilozi (Makedonska akademija na naukite i umetnostite. Oddelenie za medicinski nauki)},
volume = {46},
number = {3},
pages = {135-142},
doi = {10.2478/prilozi-2025-0031},
pmid = {41363921},
issn = {1857-8985},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; *Breast Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging/pathology ; *Carcinoma, Lobular/diagnostic imaging/pathology ; Middle Aged ; *Mammography/methods ; *Ultrasonography, Mammary/methods ; Aged ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; Predictive Value of Tests ; Biopsy, Large-Core Needle ; Retrospective Studies ; },
abstract = {It is well known that invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) accounts for approximately 5-15 % of invasive breast cancers that remain one of the most common malignancies among women globally. ILC is distinguished from the more common invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) by characteristics histopathology features. The aim of the study was to emphasize the need of more specified diagnostic imaging approach in order to detect breast ILC, based on our institution experience. We describe a number of 17 female cases (58±7 years) who presented: breast fullness/asymmetry - 11 patients (64.7 %), pain - 2 patients (11.7 %), and the rest 4 patients (23.5 %) were asymptomatic. Diagnostic modalities used in this study were: 2D Mammography, Ultrasound, Digital Breast Tomosynthesis (DBT), and core biopsy in guidance by Ultrasound. On 2D Mammography, visible mass was found in 8 patients (47 %), and architectural distortion was found in 4 patients (23.5 %). On DBT additional 5 patients were examined from the total number of patients, and additional lesions were found such as occult lesions and additional architectural distortion. Using DBT, occult lesion was found in 3 patients (17.6 %) and architectural distortion was found in 2 patients (11.7%). Due to these inconclusive findings, DBT was carried out to improve visualization especially in those with more glandular tissue. The occult lesions were seen in 3 patients, which showed as false negative on 2D, as well as an architectural distortion in 2 patients, additionally seen on DBT. This multimodality approach, including DBT, holds promise for more reliable detection of occult lesions and distortions especially in denser breast, and for better clinical outcomes in patients with ILC, respectively.},
}

Humans
Female
*Breast Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging/pathology
*Carcinoma, Lobular/diagnostic imaging/pathology
Middle Aged
*Mammography/methods
*Ultrasonography, Mammary/methods
Aged
Neoplasm Invasiveness
Predictive Value of Tests
Biopsy, Large-Core Needle
Retrospective Studies