@article {pmid40841699,
year = {2025},
author = {SeyedForootan, F and Mahdavi, N and Koopaie, M},
title = {Mandibular metastasis of invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast: a case report.},
journal = {Journal of medical case reports},
volume = {19},
number = {1},
pages = {423},
pmid = {40841699},
issn = {1752-1947},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; Middle Aged ; *Breast Neoplasms/pathology ; *Mandibular Neoplasms/secondary/diagnostic imaging ; *Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/secondary/pathology ; *Mandibular Fractures/etiology/diagnostic imaging ; Lung Neoplasms/secondary ; Liver Neoplasms/secondary ; Fatal Outcome ; *Fractures, Spontaneous/etiology ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Metastasis of breast carcinoma to the oral cavity is an uncommon event, and mandibular involvement is even rarer. This case is notable owing to the delayed occurrence of mandibular metastasis 6 years after the primary diagnosis, highlighting its aggressive behavior, which resulted in a pathological mandibular fracture. Reporting such rare presentations can aid clinicians in identifying atypical metastatic patterns in breast cancer survivors.

CASE PRESENTATION: A 45 year-old Persian female with a history of invasive ductal breast carcinoma, diagnosed initially and treated 6 years earlier, presented with facial swelling and pain in the left lower jaw. She had been receiving bisphosphonate therapy for bone metastases. Clinical and radiographic evaluations revealed a radiolucent mandibular lesion with cortical bone perforation. Histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses confirmed metastasis from the primary breast cancer. Despite subsequent radiotherapy and chemotherapy, the lesion progressed, resulting in a pathological mandibular fracture and further metastases to the lungs and liver.

CONCLUSION: This case underscores the importance of considering metastatic disease in diagnosing oral lesions in patients with a history of malignancy. Early recognition of atypical presentations such as mandibular metastasis may facilitate timely intervention, although prognosis remains poor in such advanced stages.},
}

Humans
Female
Middle Aged
*Breast Neoplasms/pathology
*Mandibular Neoplasms/secondary/diagnostic imaging
*Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/secondary/pathology
*Mandibular Fractures/etiology/diagnostic imaging
Lung Neoplasms/secondary
Liver Neoplasms/secondary
Fatal Outcome
*Fractures, Spontaneous/etiology

@article {pmid40840868,
year = {2025},
author = {Chilumukuru, NS and Priyadarshini, P and Ezunkpe, Y},
title = {Deep Learning for the Early Detection of Invasive Ductal Carcinoma in Histopathological Images: Convolutional Neural Network Approach With Transfer Learning.},
journal = {JMIR formative research},
volume = {9},
number = {},
pages = {e62996},
doi = {10.2196/62996},
pmid = {40840868},
issn = {2561-326X},
mesh = {Humans ; *Deep Learning ; Female ; *Breast Neoplasms/diagnosis/pathology ; *Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/diagnosis/pathology ; *Early Detection of Cancer/methods ; *Neural Networks, Computer ; Convolutional Neural Networks ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) is considered the most common form of breast cancer, accounting for a significant percentage of mortality worldwide. Therefore, its early detection is vital to further improve patients' outcomes and survival rates. However, conventional diagnostic methods in the form of manual histopathological examinations are time-consuming, subjective, and prone to errors. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop automated solutions for accurate IDC detection in histopathology images to assist pathologists in clinical decision-making.

OBJECTIVE: We aim to develop and validate a convolutional neural network (CNN) model for early detection of IDC by analyzing histopathological images. The specific objectives are designing a deep learning-based technique for automated detection of IDC, assessing its performance compared to traditional diagnostic methods, and evaluating its utility in a clinical setup for early breast cancer diagnosis. These methods will be available to practitioners in underdeveloped countries via an open-source application.

METHODS: The dataset for the research included 277,524 publicly available histopathological images from Kaggle, comprising both IDC-positive and IDC-negative images. About 71.6% of images were IDC-positive (class 0), while 28.4% were IDC-negative (class 1). Since our data are unbalanced, we created a weighted loss function to overcome the class imbalance problem. Further development was based on a CNN using the approach of transfer learning with a pretrained architecture called Visual Geometry Group to uplift feature extraction so that performance may improve; hence, images were preprocessed and normalized to perform augmentation with robustness. The model was developed using a split of 80% for training and 20% for testing. Model performance was measured for accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, precision, recall, and F1-score in the confusion matrix and classification report.

RESULTS: From our CNN base model, we obtained an accuracy of 89% on the test set. Later, the base model was used with a weighted loss function to balance the class weights, giving a lower accuracy of 86% on the test set. Data augmentation was performed but did not improve the results. To deal with the class imbalance effectively, we performed transfer learning with a pretrained model, which gave an accuracy of 90% on the test set.

CONCLUSIONS: The CNN-based model thus showed accuracy and reliability for early detection of IDC from histopathological images. This technique will potentially act as an efficient and accurate assistant tool for pathologists, contributing to the early diagnosis of breast cancer and improving clinical outcomes. This paper provides an important contribution toward refining the performance of this model and widening its applications in a clinical setting by integrating it with other diagnostic techniques for better outcomes.},
}

Humans
*Deep Learning
Female
*Breast Neoplasms/diagnosis/pathology
*Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/diagnosis/pathology
*Early Detection of Cancer/methods
*Neural Networks, Computer
Convolutional Neural Networks

@article {pmid40836963,
year = {2025},
author = {Osman, H and Hassan, M and Alfaki, M and Haj-Ali, G},
title = {Association between VEGF gene polymorphisms and breast cancer risk.},
journal = {Biochemistry and biophysics reports},
volume = {43},
number = {},
pages = {102202},
pmid = {40836963},
issn = {2405-5808},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Breast cancer (BC) poses a significant global health challenge. In Sudan, the absence of a national cancer registry has resulted in an underestimation of BC incidence. BC is notably the most common cancer among Sudanese women, especially affecting those under 50, with many cases diagnosed at advanced stages. Angiogenesis, driven by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), plays a critical role in the progression and recurrence of BC. This study examines the relationship between the VEGF (rs699947) gene polymorphism and BC among Sudanese women in Khartoum State in 2022. Methodology: A case-control study was conducted with 30 BC patients, and tissue samples were collected for molecular analysis. DNA was extracted and genotyped for the VEGF (rs699947) polymorphism using allele-specific PCR.

RESULTS: No statistically significant association was found between the VEGF-2578 C > A polymorphism and BC risk in our study population. Although the A allele was more prevalent in tumor tissues compared to normal tissues, with no significant correlation with tumor stage or grade. The study revealed that BC in Sudanese women often presents at younger ages and is predominantly invasive ductal carcinoma, with stage II being the most common.

CONCLUSION: These findings emphasize the necessity for continued research to explore additional genetic factors and improve our understanding of BC and associated risks. Advancing early detection and prevention methods is vital, particularly for underrepresented populations. However, the small sample size in this study may limit the statistical power to detect significant associations, and thus, findings should be interpreted with caution.},
}

@article {pmid40835571,
year = {2025},
author = {Xu, W and Deng, S and Mao, G and Wang, N and Huang, Y and Zhang, C and Sa, G and Wu, S and An, Y},
title = {Differentiation of Suspicious Microcalcifications Using Deep Learning: DCIS or IDC.},
journal = {Academic radiology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.acra.2025.07.062},
pmid = {40835571},
issn = {1878-4046},
abstract = {RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: To explore the value of a deep learning-based model in distinguishing between ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) manifesting suspicious microcalcifications on mammography.

MATERIALS: A total of 294 breast cancer cases (106 DCIS and 188 IDC) from two centers were randomly allocated into training, internal validation and external validation sets in this retrospective study. Clinical variables differentiating DCIS from IDC were identified through univariate and multivariate analyses and used to build a clinical model. Deep learning features were extracted using Resnet101 and selected by minimum redundancy maximum correlation (mRMR) and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO). A deep learning model was developed using deep learning features, and a combined model was constructed by combining these features with clinical variables. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was used to assess the performance of each model.

RESULTS: Multivariate logistic regression identified lesion type and BI-RADS category as independent predictors for differentiating DCIS from IDC. The clinical model incorporating these factors achieved an AUC of 0.67, sensitivity of 0.53, specificity of 0.81, and accuracy of 0.63 in the external validation set. In comparison, the deep learning model showed an AUC of 0.97, sensitivity of 0.94 and specificity of 0.92, accuracy of 0.93. For the combined model, the AUC, sensitivity, specificity and accuracy were 0.97, 0.96, 0.92 and 0.95, respectively. The diagnostic efficacy of the deep learning model and combined model was comparable (p>0.05), and both models outperformed the clinical model (p<0.05).

CONCLUSION: Deep learning provides an effective non-invasive approach to differentiate DCIS from IDC presenting as suspicious microcalcifications on mammography.},
}

@article {pmid40829155,
year = {2025},
author = {Wang, H and Huang, R and Huang, J and Feng, L and Zhang, W},
title = {Mandibular Osteosarcoma Mimicking Bisphosphonate-associated Osteonecrosis on 99mTc-MDP Bone Scan in a Patient With Breast Cancer.},
journal = {Clinical nuclear medicine},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1097/RLU.0000000000006105},
pmid = {40829155},
issn = {1536-0229},
abstract = {We present the case of a 27-year-old woman with a history of left breast invasive ductal carcinoma who developed mandibular osteosarcoma, as documented by 2 MDP bone scans. She had undergone a radical mastectomy, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and intravenous zoledronic acid therapy. An initial bone scan 1 year later showed increased MDP uptake in the right mandible, suggesting drug-related osteonecrosis, but concurrent CT scans were normal. A follow-up bone scan performed 16 months later demonstrated increased MDP uptake in both mandibles. Subsequent partial mandibulectomy confirmed conventional osteosarcoma.},
}

@article {pmid40826794,
year = {2025},
author = {Li, S and Zhang, S},
title = {A case report of Chinese medicine combined with neoadjuvant chemotherapy in the treatment of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 breast cancer.},
journal = {Medicine},
volume = {104},
number = {33},
pages = {e43387},
doi = {10.1097/MD.0000000000043387},
pmid = {40826794},
issn = {1536-5964},
abstract = {RATIONALE: According to Chinese medicine, surgical trauma and chemotherapy aggravate patients' qi and blood deficiency and damage to the veins and channels. The combination of Chinese medicine and neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) can not only improve the above symptoms, but also is expected to alleviate the adverse effects of breast cancer chemotherapy, such as nausea and vomiting, thereby improving patient compliance to achieve tumor reduction or even tumor-free, and providing a new diagnostic and therapeutic idea for the clinical treatment of breast cancer. This paper reported a case of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2) invasive breast cancer treated with traditional Chinese medicine combined with NACT. The lesion disappeared after 2 months of treatment and effectively reduced nausea and the symptoms of loss of appetite during NACT.

PATIENT CONCERNS: The patient was a female, 54-year-old, unintentionally found a double breast lump with tingling pain over 1 year. During this period, the patient did not pay attention to any treatment, the mass increased progressively, hard texture, unclear boundary. Denied family genetic history of breast cancer. The patient was diagnosed with invasive ductal carcinoma of both breasts (multiple metastases in right axillary and supraclavicular lymph nodes), T4N3M0 (tumour staging basis), stage IIC, HER-2 positive by breast needle biopsy. In the course of NACT, the patient complained of severe nausea and vomiting, which seriously affected the quality of life and chemotherapy confidence.

DIAGNOSES: The patient was diagnosed with invasive ductal carcinoma of both breasts (multiple metastases in right axillary and supraclavicular lymph nodes), T4N3M0, stage IIC, HER-2 positive.

INTERVENTIONS: The patient was treated with NACT, and traditional Chinese medicine was taken orally.

OUTCOMES: After 2 months of combination therapy, the breast mass shrank, the symptoms of nausea and vomiting were significantly relieved, and the appetite became better. The biopsy of the breast tissue cut at the completion of NACT showed no upper, lower, internal, outer, and basal lesions.

LESSONS: Chinese medicine internal effect is remarkable and safe, new adjuvant chemotherapy combined with Chinese medicine internal effectively improve nausea, vomiting symptoms, and effectively inhibit tumor hyperplasia, shrink tumor lesions, this case allows us consider whether in breast cancer new adjuvant chemotherapy combined Chinese medicine internal effect can be better, and provide new ideas for clinical treatment.},
}

@article {pmid40824585,
year = {2025},
author = {Sakata, S and Hisa, T and Ito, Y and Nishiyama, S and Kudo, A and Yamada, T and Osera, S and Fukushima, H and Hamura, R and Shiozawa, S},
title = {Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma originating from focal pancreatic parenchymal atrophy demonstrated by transabdominal ultrasonography.},
journal = {Clinical journal of gastroenterology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {40824585},
issn = {1865-7265},
abstract = {In this report, we present an 80-year-old man referred for evaluation of a pancreatic mass detected by transabdominal ultrasonography during health screening. Additional examinations revealed severe, long-segment focal atrophy from the pancreatic head to the body, appearing as a cord-like hypoechoic lesion on transabdominal and endoscopic ultrasonography. Although cytological examination of pancreatic juice was recommended, the patient opted for a follow-up. Three years later, a hypoechoic mass with upstream main pancreatic duct dilatation developed in the atrophic region. Cytological examination of pancreatic juice revealed adenocarcinoma, and pancreaticoduodenectomy was performed. Histopathology revealed Stage IIB invasive ductal carcinoma and carcinoma in situ within the atrophic region. Retrospective review showed that focal atrophy was present on transabdominal ultrasonography 11 years before the invasive carcinoma mass appeared, progressing without main pancreatic duct dilatation until its development. During follow-up of focal atrophy, early diagnosis of carcinoma in situ or microinvasive carcinoma before main pancreatic duct dilatation is crucial. The present case suggests that severe, long-segment focal pancreatic parenchymal atrophy can be detected by transabdominal ultrasonography and that carcinoma in situ within the focal pancreatic parenchymal atrophy may progress to invasive carcinoma.},
}

@article {pmid40821286,
year = {2025},
author = {Silva, MJ and Patel, J and Huang, A and Lo Gullo, R and Pinker-Domenig, K},
title = {Breast Plasmacytoma as the Initial Manifestation of Multiple Myeloma in a 36-Year-Old Woman.},
journal = {Cureus},
volume = {17},
number = {7},
pages = {e87929},
pmid = {40821286},
issn = {2168-8184},
abstract = {Extramedullary plasmacytomas (EMPs) of the breast are extremely rare and may present as the initial manifestation of multiple myeloma (MM). We report the case of a 36-year-old woman who presented with a rapidly growing right breast mass. Mammography and ultrasound revealed an oval, circumscribed, heterogeneous, vascular mass, measuring up to 4.2 cm, categorized as Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) 4. Core needle biopsy revealed a plasmablastic/plasmacytic neoplasm with strong CD138 expression, lambda light chain restriction, high Ki-67 index, and negative Epstein-Barr virus early RNA in situ hybridization (EBER-ISH), consistent with plasmablastic plasmacytoma. Systemic staging confirmed the diagnosis of MM, and the patient underwent chemotherapy followed by autologous stem cell transplantation. This case illustrates how breast plasmacytoma (BP) can mimic primary breast malignancies on imaging, particularly triple-negative invasive ductal carcinoma, lymphoma, or malignant phyllodes tumor. Although rare, it should be considered in younger patients with atypical breast masses. Diagnosis relies on biopsy with histopathological and immunophenotypic confirmation. Early recognition and biopsy are key, as BP may mimic aggressive breast malignancies and carry prognostic significance in MM.},
}

@article {pmid40821164,
year = {2025},
author = {Iwaisako, N and Oura, S},
title = {Bilateral Breast Reconstruction Using Extended Latissimus Dorsi Musculocutaneous Flaps for Metachronous Bilateral Breast Cancer: A Case Report.},
journal = {Cureus},
volume = {17},
number = {7},
pages = {e88024},
pmid = {40821164},
issn = {2168-8184},
abstract = {A 49-year-old woman had undergone radiofrequency ablation (RFA) therapy and sentinel lymph node biopsy (SNB), followed by radiation therapy for her right breast cancer at the age of 31. The patient had further undergone nipple-sparing mastectomy (NSM), SNB, and immediate breast reconstruction using an extended latissimus dorsi musculocutaneous flap (eLDMCF) for her left breast cancer at the age of 43. Follow-up mammography further revealed widespread linear calcifications in the right breast. Core needle biopsy pathologically showed atypical cells growing in trabecular and tubular fashions with connective tissue proliferation, leading to the diagnosis of invasive ductal carcinoma. Due to the patient's strong preference for not using silicone prosthesis on right breast reconstruction, the patient underwent NSM and SNB, followed by immediate breast reconstruction using the right eLDMCF after obtaining full informed consent about the unknown bilateral eLDMCF harvesting effect on respiratory function. The patient recovered uneventfully and showed respiratory function as follows: preoperative 2.69 L to postoperative 2.46 L in vital capacity and preoperative 2.1 L to postoperative 1.83 L in forced expiratory volume in one second. The patient reported no respiratory symptoms and has been fully satisfied with the cosmetic outcomes of the reconstructed right breast. These results suggest that bilateral breast reconstruction using eLDMCFs can be a good therapeutic option for metachronous bilateral breast cancer.},
}

@article {pmid40814164,
year = {2025},
author = {Volfson, E and Moshkovich, M and Yakubov, R and Dalson, J and Kirshen, C},
title = {Dermatologic Mimickers of Paget's Disease of the Breast: A Systematic Review.},
journal = {Journal of cutaneous medicine and surgery},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {12034754251364870},
doi = {10.1177/12034754251364870},
pmid = {40814164},
issn = {1615-7109},
abstract = {Mammary Paget disease (MPD) is a rare form of breast cancer that accounts for just 1% to 4% of all cases and is often associated with underlying malignancies such as ductal carcinoma in situ and invasive ductal carcinoma. Its clinical presentation frequently mimics benign dermatologic conditions or malignant melanoma, leading to diagnostic confusion and significant treatment delays. This review explores the diagnostic challenges and patterns of misdiagnosis in MPD, as well as the consequences of delayed recognition. A comprehensive search of Embase and MEDLINE identified 29 studies reporting on 32 cases of MPD, all of which were initially misdiagnosed-most commonly as melanoma (44.4%) and atopic dermatitis (25.0%). The average diagnostic delay was 2.3 years. Most lesions were unilateral (93.8%) and involved the nipple-areolar complex (87.5%). Imaging modalities demonstrated limited sensitivity, reinforcing the importance of early biopsy for timely diagnosis. Surgical intervention was the predominant treatment approach, employed in 75% of cases, and no recurrences were reported during a mean follow-up of 1.3 years. These findings underscore the urgent need for heightened clinical suspicion, earlier tissue sampling, and the development of standardized diagnostic pathways to reduce misdiagnosis and improve outcomes in patients with MPD.},
}

@article {pmid40812028,
year = {2025},
author = {Khesali, M and Yazdi, SAM},
title = {Spontaneous migration of a port catheter tip to the pulmonary vein: A case report of an uncommon complication.},
journal = {International journal of surgery case reports},
volume = {134},
number = {},
pages = {111777},
doi = {10.1016/j.ijscr.2025.111777},
pmid = {40812028},
issn = {2210-2612},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE: Port catheters are commonly used for chemotherapy in cancer patients. However, complications such as spontaneous catheter tip migration can occur, leading to symptoms like pain, infection, or venous thrombosis, with factors like Changes in thoracic pressure potentially contributing to this rare phenomenon.

CASE PRESENTATION: This report details the case of a 44-year-old woman with invasive ductal carcinoma of the right breast who developed a cough following six chemotherapy sessions.

CLINICAL SISCUSSION: Imaging revealed that the catheter tip had migrated from the superior vena cava (SVC) to the right pulmonary vein.

CONCLUSION: The catheter was successfully removed using minimally invasive intravascular techniques under angiography guidance.},
}

@article {pmid40810087,
year = {2025},
author = {Suzuki, D and Oshi, M and Nishikawa, A and Kawashima, K and Sasamoto, M and Shibata, Y and Adachi, S and Narui, K and Takase, H and Yamada, A and Fujii, S and Endo, I},
title = {Breast Cancer With Airway Edema Caused by Metastatic Fracture of the Cervical Vertebra.},
journal = {World journal of oncology},
volume = {16},
number = {4},
pages = {422-425},
pmid = {40810087},
issn = {1920-454X},
abstract = {Bone is a common site of breast cancer metastasis, with the spine showing a particularly high affinity. An 83-year-old Japanese woman with Alzheimer's disease presented with a palpable mass in her left breast. A needle biopsy revealed invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast, hormone receptor-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative, with lymph node metastasis. Chest dynamic computed tomography showed no distant metastases. She was diagnosed with luminal-type, stage IIB (T2N1M0) breast cancer and underwent surgery. During induction of general anesthesia, intubation was difficult due to airway edema, necessitating bronchoscopy. The day after surgery, she reported neck pain, and radiography revealed a compression fracture of the third cervical vertebra. Magnetic resonance imaging confirmed a metastatic lesion in the third cervical vertebra. Postoperatively, she received endocrine therapy with letrozole, radiation therapy with zoledronic acid, and a cervical collar for cervical metastases. Seven months later, the osteolytic lesion calcified, and her pain improved. This case is unique because solitary cervical vertebral metastases from breast cancer, leading to compression fractures and airway edema, are rare. The case highlights the importance of considering cervical metastases in patients with breast cancer who develop airway difficulties or unexplained neck pain, particularly in the perioperative setting. Early recognition and intervention are crucial for preventing complications and optimizing patient outcomes.},
}

@article {pmid40807127,
year = {2025},
author = {McMahon, JE and Craig, A and Cameron, ID},
title = {Development of Cut Scores for Feigning Spectrum Behavior on the Orebro Musculoskeletal Pain Screening Questionnaire and the Perceived Stress Scale: A Simulation Study.},
journal = {Journal of clinical medicine},
volume = {14},
number = {15},
pages = {},
pmid = {40807127},
issn = {2077-0383},
abstract = {Background/Objectives: Feigning spectrum behavior (FSB) is the exaggeration, fabrication, or false imputation of symptoms. It occurs in compensable injury with great cost to society by way of loss of productivity and excessive costs. The aim of this study is to identify feigning by developing cut scores on the long and short forms (SF) of the Orebro Musculoskeletal Pain Screening Questionnaire (OMPSQ and OMPSQ-SF) and the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS and PSS-4). Methods: As part of pre-screening for a support program, 40 injured workers who had been certified unfit for work for more than 2 weeks were screened once with the OMPSQ and PSS by telephone by a mental health professional. A control sample comprised of 40 non-injured community members were screened by a mental health professional on four occasions under different aliases, twice responding genuinely and twice simulating an injury. Results: Differences between the workplace injured people and the community sample were compared using ANCOVA with age and gender as covariates, and then receiver operator characteristics (ROCs) were calculated. The OMPSQ and OMPSQ-SF discriminated (ρ < 0.001) between all conditions. All measures discriminated between the simulation condition and workplace injured people (ρ < 0.001). Intraclass correlation demonstrated the PSS, PSS-4, OMPSQ, and OMPSQ-SF were reliable (ρ < 0.001). Area Under the Curve (AUC) was 0.750 for OMPSQ and 0.835 for OMPSQ-SF for work-injured versus simulators. Conclusions: The measures discriminated between injured and non-injured people and non-injured people instructed to simulate injury. Non-injured simulators produced similar scores when they had multiple exposures to the test materials, showing the uniformity of feigning spectrum behavior on these measures. The OMPSQ-SF has adequate discriminant validity and sensitivity to feigning spectrum behavior, making it optimal for telephone screening in clinical practice.},
}

@article {pmid40805222,
year = {2025},
author = {Kwong, A and Ho, CYS and Au, CH and Ma, ESK},
title = {Germline BARD1 Mutation in High-Risk Chinese Breast and Ovarian Cancer Patients.},
journal = {Cancers},
volume = {17},
number = {15},
pages = {},
pmid = {40805222},
issn = {2072-6694},
support = {NA//Dr. Ellen Li Charitable Foundation/ ; NA//Kerry Kuok Foundation/ ; 03143406//Health and Medical Research Fund/ ; NA//Asian Fund for Cancer Research/ ; NA//Hong Kong Hereditary Breast Cancer Family Registry/ ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The prevalence of BARD1 mutations in breast and ovarian cancers varies across different ethnic groups. Evaluating the cancer risk and clinical significance of BARD1 mutations in the local Chinese patients with breast cancer, ovarian cancer, or both is clinically important for designing an appropriate surveillance scheme.

METHODS: This study used a 30 gene panel to identify BARD1 germline mutations in 2658 breast and ovarian cancer patients.

RESULTS: Among this cohort, the BARD1 mutation prevalence was 0.45% for breast cancer and 0.29% for ovarian cancer. In our 12 mutation carriers, we identified eight types of mutation variants, including three novel mutations. BARD1 mutation carriers were more likely to have a family history of liver, prostate, and cervical cancers (p-values = 0.004, 0.018, and 0.037, respectively) than patients who tested negative for mutations. Among the BARD1 mutants, the majority of the breast tumors were invasive ductal carcinoma (NOS type) (10/11, 90.9%) of high-grade disease (9/9, 100%) and half of them were triple-negative breast cancer (5/10, 50%).

CONCLUSIONS: Although the prevalence of BARD1 mutations is low and the penetrance is incomplete, we recommend including BARD1 in the test panel for breast cancer patients. Our data suggest that more comprehensive surveillance management may be considered in mutation carriers due to the familial aggregation of a relatively wide spectrum of cancers.},
}

@article {pmid40804747,
year = {2025},
author = {Awan, UA and Bashir, S and Hassan, U and Khan, SN and Awan, FM and Jabbar, A and Khan, S and Guo, X},
title = {HPV-driven breast carcinogenesis: associations with tumor severity, Ki67 expression and metastasis.},
journal = {Infectious agents and cancer},
volume = {20},
number = {1},
pages = {55},
pmid = {40804747},
issn = {1750-9378},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Breast cancer (BC) poses a significant global health challenge, and its potential link to HPV warrants investigation. This study investigates the prevalence, genotype distribution, and clinicopathological associations of human papillomavirus (HPV) in breast cancer patients from Pakistan.

METHODS: This single-institutional cross-sectional study included 501 FFPE BC specimens from female patients and 110 benign controls, collected between January 2019 and December 2023. High-risk (HR) HPV DNA was detected via highly sensitive real-time PCR, with genotyping conducted using the INNO-LiPA Genotyping Extra II assay. Clinicopathological data, including tumor grade, size, lymph node metastasis, and receptor status, were analyzed for associations with HPV infection. Statistical analyses employed the Kruskal-Wallis test for continuous variables and Fisher's exact or chi-square tests for categorical variables, as appropriate (p < 0.05).

RESULTS: HPV DNA was detected in 10.5% of BC cases (n = 53/501) compared to other statuses, with HR genotypes predominating (91%). HPV-16 (26%) and HPV-18 (15%) were the most frequent genotypes. HPV-positive cases exhibited aggressive tumor characteristics, including 58.5% grade III tumors, a mean tumor size of 65.6 ± 46.4 mm, and 32.1% N3 disease, with an increasing prevalence of HR-HPV associated with tumor stage and significance (p < 0.05). Invasive ductal carcinoma (34%) and invasive lobular carcinoma (28.3%) were the most common histological subtypes. Metaplastic carcinomas, with the largest mean tumor size (86.4 ± 74.6 mm), showed the highest HPV-16 prevalence (28.6%) and were linked to HR-HPV infection. Peak HPV incidence occurred in patients aged 51-60 years (37.7%). Geographically, HPV-16 predominated in Lahore (50%) and Peshawar (60%).

CONCLUSION: This study links HR-HPV to aggressive BC, with HPV-16 and -18 predominating in urban areas. Additionally, it highlights the importance of targeted vaccination and research into subtype-specific oncogenesis.},
}

@article {pmid40796089,
year = {2025},
author = {Tassot, J and Ahlstrom, A and Capalbo, A and Cheong, Y and Coticchio, G and Delbaere, I and Fadler, C and Gameiro, S and Goddijn, M and Kirkman-Brown, J and Laganà, AS and Moura-Ramos, M and Nordhoff, V and Orlić, A and Pinborg, A and Rives, N and Sousa-Leite, M and Nielsen, HS and Thorn, P and Vermeulen, N and Viville, S and Sermon, K},
title = {ESHRE's key research priorities in infertility: maximizing impact on science, people and society†.},
journal = {Human reproduction (Oxford, England)},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/humrep/deaf150},
pmid = {40796089},
issn = {1460-2350},
support = {//ESHRE/ ; },
abstract = {STUDY QUESTION: Which research topics in the area of infertility should be prioritized in the allocation of research resources?

SUMMARY ANSWER: Twelve research priorities were formulated, spanning the following areas: preventing infertility and preserving fertility, gynaecological diseases, male infertility, optimizing fertility treatments, optimizing psychosocial support and deepening knowledge on preimplantation development and early pregnancy.

WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY: Many research gaps related to infertility and its management remain understudied and underfunded, making it important to set priorities to ensure appropriate allocation of research resources.

STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION: The European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology (ESHRE) appointed a multidisciplinary working group, including a patient representative, to develop a list of research priorities related to infertility, which are relevant to researchers and institutions that fund research.

A list of research topics was collated based on the recommendations for future research formulated in ESHRE's evidence-based guidelines and suggestions submitted by ESHRE's Special Interest Groups as call topics for the ESHRE research grants. A scoring tool was developed to assess the expected impact of research on each topic on individuals, society and scientific advancement. Topics were scored independently by the working group members and the 12 topics with the highest scores were selected for presentation in this paper.

Using our newly developed scoring tool, we have identified 12 research priorities that broadly fall under six areas. These are preventing infertility and preserving fertility, gynaecological diseases, male infertility, optimizing fertility treatments (two priorities per area selected), optimizing psychosocial support (one priority selected) and deepening knowledge on preimplantation development and early pregnancy (three priorities selected).

The impact scoring tool would benefit from further testing and refinement in future projects. The scoring of some impact indicators is heavily based on the judgment and expertise of the scorers, which was accounted for by ensuring representation of knowledge and experience from all relevant disciplines and subject areas as well as the patient perspective within the working group.

This paper may serve to stimulate further thought and discussion within the infertility research community on the potential impact of proposed and ongoing research. It will furthermore inform and encourage policy makers involved in research funding allocation and contribute to a more efficient and purposeful allocation of research resources towards infertility research.

The technical support for this project was provided by ESHRE. A.C. reports employment at Juno Genetics. Y.C. reports a grant from Guerbet and honoraria from Ferring, Merck, Abbot, Nordic Pharma and Organon. G.C. reports consulting fees from Gedeon Richter and honoraria from Cooper Surgical. S.G. reports the development of www.myjourney.pt licensed under a CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 licence. J.K.-B. reports grants from the NIHR Evaluation and Studies Coordinating Centre, the Gates Foundation, the Economic and Social Research Council, BAYER Consumer Health and MRC Confidence in Concept; honoraria from Ferring and Cooper Surgical; travel support from Ferring, Cooper Surgical, Congressworks LLP, Deutsche Gesellschaft für Andrologie e. V., BAYER, University of Munster and ESHRE; a patent for microchannel sperm cell preparation; and a leadership or fiduciary role in the Association of Clinical and Reproductive Scientists. A.P. reports grants (to her institution) and consulting fees from Gedeon Richter, Ferring, Merck A/S and Cryos; honoraria from Gedeon Richter, Ferring, Merck A/S and Organon; and travel support (to her institution) from Gedeon Richter. H.S.N. reports grants from Freya Biosciences ApS, Ferring Pharmaceuticals, BioInnovation Institute, Ministry of Education, Novo Nordic Foundation, Augustinus Fonden, Oda og Hans Svenningsens Fond, Demant Fonden, Ole Kirks Fond and the Independent Research Fund Denmark; speaker's fees from Ferring, Merck A/S, Astra Zeneca, Cook Medical, Gedeon Richter, Ibsa Nordic, Novo Nordisk A/S; co-development of an app with the Maternity Foundation; and co-founding a project with Lulu Health. The remaining authors (J.T., A.A., I.D., C.F., M.G., A.S.L., M.M.-R., V.N., A.O., N.R., M.S.-L., P.T., N.V., S.V. and K.S.) have nothing to declare.

TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: N/A.},
}

@article {pmid40791519,
year = {2025},
author = {Hoffmann, RJ and Bensen, A and Dane, M and Arterberry, J and Smith, R and Korkola, J and Schedin, P},
title = {S-Nitrosylated COX-2 is a TME-regulated breast cancer biomarker of mesenchymal phenotypes.},
journal = {bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1101/2025.07.15.664474},
pmid = {40791519},
issn = {2692-8205},
abstract = {COX-2 is an inducible enzyme key to the production of inflammatory prostaglandins. COX-2 also has tumor intrinsic oncogenic activity in mouse models of breast cancer. Previously, we reported increased expression of Cys-526-nitrosylated COX-2 (SNO-COX-2), but not non-nitrosylated COX-2, with progression of early-stage human breast cancer to invasive ductal carcinoma. Here, we used a 3D culture model of early-stage human breast cancer (MCF10DCIS cells) to investigate the relationship between SNO-COX-2 expression and mesenchymal/invasive tumor cell morphology. We find that SNO-COX-2, but not non-nitrosylated COX-2, closely associated with mesenchymal phenotypes induced by fibrillar type I collagen. Interestingly, invasive phenotypes did not associate with induction of the classic epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers SNAIL , CDH2 (N-cadherin), and VIM (vimentin). By contrast TGFβ-1 strongly induced EMT-related transcripts, but not SNO-COX-2 protein expression or mesenchymal phenotypes. These observations suggest that in MCF10DCIS cells, SNO-COX-2 associates with mesenchymal phenotypes more strongly than non-nitrosylated COX-2 protein, or expression of classic EMT transcripts. In a mouse model with breast tumor heterogeneity, mesenchymal tumor regions also have increased SNO-COX-2 expression. Testing 300 distinct tumor microenvironment conditions, we find SNO-COX-2 protein expression is driven by inflammation, wound resolution, and cancer-associated factors, especially TNC, SPP1, decorin, fibrillar type I and III collagens, INF-γ, and IL-4/13, with evidence for specific extracellular matrix-ligand interactions driving both high and low SNO-COX-2 expression. In sum, in MCF10DCIS cells, expression of SNO-COX-2 is highly microenvironment-dependent and strongly associated with invasive/mesenchymal growth, indicating potential for SNO-COX-2 as a biomarker to assess risk of early-stage breast cancer progression.},
}

@article {pmid40332918,
year = {2025},
author = {Basik, M and Cecchini, RS and De Los Santos, JF and Umphrey, HR and Julian, TB and Mamounas, EP and White, JR and Lucas, PC and Balanoff, CR and Tan, AR and Weber, JJ and Edmonson, DA and Brown-Glaberman, UA and Diego, EJ and Teshome, M and Matsen, CB and Seaward, SA and Wapnir, IL and Wagner, JL and Tjoe, JA and Thompson, AM and Wolmark, N},
title = {Breast Tumor-Bed Biopsy for Pathological Complete Response Prediction: The NRG-BR005 Nonrandomized Clinical Trial.},
journal = {JAMA surgery},
volume = {160},
number = {7},
pages = {723-731},
pmid = {40332918},
issn = {2168-6262},
support = {U10 CA180822/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States ; U10 CA180868/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States ; U24 CA196067/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; *Breast Neoplasms/pathology/therapy/diagnostic imaging ; Prospective Studies ; Middle Aged ; Neoadjuvant Therapy ; Biopsy, Large-Core Needle ; Aged ; Adult ; *Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology/therapy ; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant ; *Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/pathology ; Mammography ; *Breast/pathology ; },
abstract = {IMPORTANCE: Use of modern neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) regimens has markedly increased rates of pathologic complete response (pCR) in breast cancer, raising the question of whether surgical removal of the primary tumor is required for patients with pCR. For surgery to be omitted, one must be able to accurately predict pCR before surgery.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate if adding post-NAC core needle biopsy of the tumor bed to trimodality imaging in patients who have clinical complete response (cCR) will predict pCR (resolution of both invasive disease and ductal carcinoma in situ) in 90% or more cases.

This was a phase 2, prospective, nonrandomized clinical trial. Patients were enrolled from August 2017 to June 2019. This is the final analysis, which was completed in December 2023. The setting included academic and community hospital center members of NRG (ie, the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project, the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group, and the Gynecologic Oncology Group) in the US and Canada. Patients with operable (T1-T3, stage I-III) invasive ductal carcinoma who completed NAC and achieved cCR and radiological complete response (rCR) or near rCR by mammography (mass ≤1 cm and no malignant microcalcifications), ultrasound (mass ≤2 cm), and magnetic resonance imaging (no mass with rapid rise or washout kinetics).

INTERVENTIONS: Patients underwent marker-directed stereotactic multiple-core needle biopsy of the tumor bed with marker placement before breast-conservation surgery.

MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: End points were negative predictive value (NPV) and sensitivity of the biopsy.

RESULTS: A total of 105 patients were enrolled with 101 evaluable (mean [SD] age, 52.8 [10.5] years); 77 patients (76.2%) were younger than 60 years, and all breast cancer subtypes were represented with 32 (31.7%) triple-negative breast cancer, 21 (20.8%) hormone receptor-positive/epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (ERBB2; formerly HER2)-negative (ERBB2-) breast cancer, and 46 (45.5%) ERBB2-positive (ERBB2+) breast cancer. In 101 evaluable patients, 36 had residual disease at surgery (pCR = 64%). With imaging criteria, NPV of the biopsy was 78.3% (95% CI, 67.9%-86.6%), and the sensitivity of the biopsy was 50% (95% CI, 32.9%-67.1%). In an exploratory subset analysis, the NPV in patients with ERBB2+ breast cancer was 90% (95% CI, 76.3%-97.2%). On retrospective central review, 62 of 101 enrolled patients met imaging eligibility criteria. In this exploratory post hoc analysis, NPV in these patients was 86.8% (95% CI, 74.7%-94.5%).

CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: These findings do not support breast conservation treatment without surgery based on the study criteria for cCR and rCR/near rCR by trimodality imaging and negative tumor-bed biopsy. Strict adherence to imaging criteria may be required to achieve acceptable predictive values.

TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03188393.},
}

Humans
Female
*Breast Neoplasms/pathology/therapy/diagnostic imaging
Prospective Studies
Middle Aged
Neoadjuvant Therapy
Biopsy, Large-Core Needle
Aged
Adult
*Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology/therapy
Chemotherapy, Adjuvant
*Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/pathology
Mammography
*Breast/pathology

@article {pmid40314623,
year = {2025},
author = {Poppe, MM and Boucher, K and Gaffney, DK and Brownson, KE and Smith, G and Howell, JN and Ticona, FF and Kim, J and Burt, L and Cannon, D and Kokeny, K},
title = {NOVEMBER, A Phase 2 Trial of a 9-Day Course of Whole Breast Radiation Therapy With a Simultaneous Lumpectomy Boost for Early-Stage Breast Cancer.},
journal = {International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics},
volume = {123},
number = {1},
pages = {141-149},
doi = {10.1016/j.ijrobp.2025.03.078},
pmid = {40314623},
issn = {1879-355X},
abstract = {PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES: A phase 2 prospective noninferiority trial evaluating a novel 9 fraction course of whole breast radiation and simultaneous lumpectomy boost.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Tis and T1-3N0 patients enrolled to receive 3420 cGy radiation to the breast with 3960 cGy to the lumpectomy cavity. The primary endpoint was averaged photographic cosmetic scores at 24 months with a hypothesis of >70% good to excellent cosmetic breast scoring 24 months after completing radiation, assuming a baseline excellent/good cosmetic scoring of 80% with an 80% power, α = 0.1.

RESULTS: From 2018 to 2020, with institutional review board approval, 103 patients were enrolled. Patients had mostly invasive ductal carcinoma (75%), tumor size ≤ 2cm (88%), negative margins (92%), no lympho-vascular invasion (80%), and estrogen receptor positive (85%). Patients had a mean age of 59.5 years (33-82). With a mean follow-up of 51 months, there were no local recurrences and 1 patient with both regional (axilla) and distant (brain) recurrence. Twenty-four-month post-radiation therapy (RT) cosmetic photos were 68% excellent/good, and 32% fair/poor. The null hypothesis was not rejected with one-sided 95% exact binomial confidence interval of 59.1% (59.1%-100%). There were no reported late ≥grade 3 radiation toxicity events and only 4 patients with late grade 2 events. Patient-reported outcomes utilizing the Breast-Q survey revealed breast satisfaction in 85% of women.

CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrate an effective novel 9 fraction whole breast + lumpectomy boost radiation schedule. This trial uses one of the shortest published radiation schedules for a lumpectomy boost. Although we did not meet our prespecified cosmetic endpoint, no significant cosmetic change from baseline was seen in 80% of patients. We demonstrate excellent local control, and patient-reported satisfaction with low RT-related toxicity. We hope to move this concept forward in a randomized trial against the 5-day United Kingdom (UK) Fast Forward regimen, inclusive of a simultaneous lumpectomy cavity boost.},
}

@article {pmid40108012,
year = {2025},
author = {Eom, HJ and Choi, WJ and Sun, YJ and Kim, HJ and Chae, EY and Shin, HJ and Cha, JH and Kim, HH},
title = {Preoperative breast MRI in HER2-positive/hormone receptor-negative breast cancer: surgical outcomes using propensity score matching.},
journal = {European radiology},
volume = {35},
number = {9},
pages = {5648-5657},
pmid = {40108012},
issn = {1432-1084},
abstract = {OBJECTIVES: To examine the association between preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and surgical outcomes in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive/hormone receptor (HR)-negative breast cancer through a propensity score (PS)-matched analysis.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients with HER2-positive/HR-negative invasive ductal carcinoma between 2007 and 2014 were retrospectively assessed and compared according to whether they underwent preoperative MRI. Inverse probability weighting (IPW) analysis and PS matching were used to adjust 17 covariates to control between the MRI and no-MRI groups. Surgical outcomes were compared between two groups and clinicopathologic variables were evaluated to determine who benefited from MRI.

RESULTS: Among 965 women (mean age ± standard deviation, 52 years ± 10), 423 (44%) underwent preoperative MRI and 542 (56%) did not. In the MRI group, a change in surgical management occurred in 48 patients (11%), and the change was appropriate in 31 of those patients (65%). The MRI group had a lower odds of initial mastectomy (odds ratio [OR], 0.63; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.47, 0.84; p = 0.002 and OR, 0.67; 95% CI: 0.48, 0.92; p = 0.01 for IPW and PS matching, respectively) and overall mastectomy (OR, 0.60; 95% [CI]: 0.45, 0.80; p = 0.001 and OR, 0.68; 95% CI: 0.49, 0.93; p = 0.02 for IPW and PS matching, respectively). In the subgroup analysis, asymptomatic patients or those with multifocal or multicentric lesions benefited more from MRI (61% vs 36%, p = 0.006 and 52% vs 31%, p = 0.02, respectively).

CONCLUSION: Patients with HER2-positive/HR-negative breast cancer who received preoperative MRI had a lower likelihood of undergoing mastectomy.

KEY POINTS: Question The role of preoperative MRI in predicting surgical outcomes in patients with HER2-positive/HR-negative breast cancer remains uncertain. Findings Preoperative MRI in HER2-positive/HR-negative breast cancer reduces mastectomy rates without increasing the positive resection margin or reoperation rate. Clinical relevance Preoperative MRI is beneficial in reducing mastectomy rates in women with HER2-positive/HR-negative breast cancer.},
}

@article {pmid40098503,
year = {2025},
author = {Jha, A and Regmi, PR and Pradhan, H and Thakur, M and Joshi, BR},
title = {Sonography as an Adjunct to Digital Mammography in Patients with Dense Breasts.},
journal = {Journal of Nepal Health Research Council},
volume = {22},
number = {4},
pages = {670-677},
doi = {10.33314/jnhrc.v22i04.4735},
pmid = {40098503},
issn = {1999-6217},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; *Mammography/methods ; Prospective Studies ; Middle Aged ; *Breast Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging/diagnosis ; Adult ; *Breast Density ; Aged ; *Ultrasonography, Mammary ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Nepal ; Young Adult ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Dense breasts are associated with an increased risk of cancer and also mask lesions on mammograms. In our study, we evaluated the role of sonography as an adjunct to digital mammography in patients with dense breasts.

METHODS: Sonography of 676 female patients with American College of Radiology category C or D mammographic density was done in this prospective cross-sectional analytical study in the Department of Radiology, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital. The final imaging diagnosis was classified as per the American College of Radiology Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System categories. Tissue diagnosis was obtained in patients with sonographic category 3 solid lesions larger than 3 cm, category 4 and 5 lesions. The data were tabulated and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Service (SPSS) for Windows version 22.

RESULTS: Additional sonography confirmed all BIRADS 1 mammograms as normal or benign, 95.7 % (112) of inconclusive, and 82.8% (n=135) of BIRADS 3 ones as benign. It had higher sensitivity and negative predictive value (100%) than mammography with similar accuracy. Most patients (479, 70.9%) had diagnostic indications. There were 540 (79.9%) cases in ACR BIRADS category c. A final diagnosis of benign (316, 46.7%) was most common, followed by normal (293, 43.4%) and malignant (67, 9.9%). The majority of the malignant lesions were Invasive Ductal Carcinoma (59, 88%).

CONCLUSIONS: Additional sonography confirmed mammography findings as normal, benign, or suspicious for malignancy, definitely described morphology and extent of mass, and also guided biopsy. It had higher sensitivity than mammography in dense breasts.},
}

Humans
Female
Cross-Sectional Studies
*Mammography/methods
Prospective Studies
Middle Aged
*Breast Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging/diagnosis
Adult
*Breast Density
Aged
*Ultrasonography, Mammary
Sensitivity and Specificity
Nepal
Young Adult

@article {pmid39909175,
year = {2025},
author = {Jean, J and Jochelson, MS and Moo, TA and Solomon, SB and Bryce, Y},
title = {Breast Cancer Recurrence after Cryoablation in Patients Who Are Poor Surgical Candidates or Who Refuse Surgery.},
journal = {Journal of vascular and interventional radiology : JVIR},
volume = {36},
number = {6},
pages = {971-978},
doi = {10.1016/j.jvir.2025.01.048},
pmid = {39909175},
issn = {1535-7732},
support = {P30 CA 008748/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *Cryosurgery/adverse effects ; Female ; *Breast Neoplasms/surgery/pathology/diagnostic imaging ; Retrospective Studies ; *Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; Middle Aged ; Aged ; Treatment Outcome ; Time Factors ; Risk Factors ; *Treatment Refusal ; Adult ; Risk Assessment ; *Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/surgery/pathology ; Aged, 80 and over ; *Carcinoma, Lobular/surgery/pathology ; Patient Selection ; Tumor Burden ; *Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/surgery/pathology ; },
abstract = {PURPOSE: To evaluate in-breast recurrence rates after cryoablation in patients with primary breast cancer who were poor surgical candidates or refused surgery.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients with primary breast cancer who were poor surgical candidates or who refused surgery and were treated with cryoablation at a single academic cancer center between October 2018 and June 2023 were retrospectively reviewed. Of the 60 treated patients, 45 had invasive ductal carcinoma, 6 had invasive lobular carcinoma, 2 had multicentric ductal carcinoma in situ, and 7 had other histology. Tumor size ranged from 0.3 to 9 cm, with a mean of 2.7 cm. Recurrence was defined as new tumor or regrowth of residual tumor in the ipsilateral breast.

RESULTS: With a mean follow-up of 21 months and median follow-up of 9.8 months, there was a recurrence rate of 10% (6 of 60 patients). Patients in the recurrence group had more poorly differentiated disease than those in the nonrecurrence group (66.7% vs 22.2%; P = .038). Tumor size did not differ between nonrecurrence and recurrence groups (nonrecurrence group mean, 2.7 cm [SD ± 2.6]; recurrence group mean, 2.5 cm [SD ± 1.0]; P = .506). Patients who were treated with palliative intent rather than curative intent were significantly older (79.7 years [SD ± 12.2] vs 72.5 years [SD ± 11.3]; P = .032).

CONCLUSIONS: Cryoablation can be considered a treatment option in patients who are poor surgical candidates or who refuse surgery, with a 10% recurrence rate at a mean follow-up of 21 months in this retrospective review that included patients with tumors up to 9 cm, unfavorable pathology, and multicentric disease.},
}

Humans
*Cryosurgery/adverse effects
Female
*Breast Neoplasms/surgery/pathology/diagnostic imaging
Retrospective Studies
*Neoplasm Recurrence, Local
Middle Aged
Aged
Treatment Outcome
Time Factors
Risk Factors
*Treatment Refusal
Adult
Risk Assessment
*Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/surgery/pathology
Aged, 80 and over
*Carcinoma, Lobular/surgery/pathology
Patient Selection
Tumor Burden
*Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/surgery/pathology

@article {pmid39701843,
year = {2025},
author = {Kayadibi, Y and Karagoz, SH and Kurt, SA and Kargin, OA and Guneren, C and Sahin, OE and Hamid, R and Yilmaz, MH},
title = {Diagnostic Characteristics and Clinical Relevance of Incidental Hypermetabolic Breast Lesions Detected on [18]F-FDG PET-CT: A Retrospective Evaluation.},
journal = {Academic radiology},
volume = {32},
number = {4},
pages = {1806-1815},
doi = {10.1016/j.acra.2024.11.031},
pmid = {39701843},
issn = {1878-4046},
mesh = {Humans ; *Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 ; Female ; *Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography/methods ; Retrospective Studies ; Incidental Findings ; Middle Aged ; *Breast Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging/metabolism/pathology ; Radiopharmaceuticals ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Breast/diagnostic imaging ; Clinical Relevance ; },
abstract = {RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: The study aimed to evaluate demographic and radiological characteristics of breast incidentalomas found on 18-fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography-Computed Tomography ([18]F-FDG PET-CT) performed for extramammary indications.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 12633 [18]F-FDG PET-CT scans performed between January 1, 2018 and January 1, 2024, were retrospectively reviewed. Breast incidentalomas that had undergone breast imaging, tissue diagnosis, or at least 2-year radiological follow-up were included. Demographic data and lesion size were recorded. Maximum and average standardized uptake values (SUVmax-SUVavg) and SUV corrected for lean body mass (SUL) were calculated using region of interest (ROI).

RESULTS: The inclusion criteria were met in 101 lesions (81 benign and 20 malignant). The most common benign lesion was fibroadenoma (n = 21), followed by stable lesions during follow-up (n = 18) and benign breast parenchyma (n = 11). The most common malignant lesion was invasive ductal carcinoma (n = 11). The diagnostic characteristics of SUVmax≥ 3, SULmax≥ 2, SUVavg≥ 0.735, SULavg≥ 0.48, and BI-RADS≥ 4 were 75%, 70%, 75%, 70% and 100% for sensitivity, 69%, 69%, 62%, 62% and 67% for specificity, and 69.3%, 68.3%, 62.4%, 61.4% and 73.3% for accuracy, respectively. The highest negative predictive values (NPV) were obtained with BI-RADS and SUVmax (100% and 92%, respectively). No significant difference in malignancy rate was observed for the lesion size and age of the patients (p > 0.05).

CONCLUSION: There is a risk of detecting malignancy in incidental lesions showing [18]F-FDG uptake. Radiological workup must be done, but SUVmax, with a high NPV value, can be used in conjunction with BI-RADS assessment for appropriate patient selection and effective management of resources.},
}

Humans
*Fluorodeoxyglucose F18
Female
*Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography/methods
Retrospective Studies
Incidental Findings
Middle Aged
*Breast Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging/metabolism/pathology
Radiopharmaceuticals
Adult
Aged
Aged, 80 and over
Breast/diagnostic imaging
Clinical Relevance

@article {pmid39644404,
year = {2025},
author = {Wu, M and Huang, Q and Zhang, L and Liu, Y and Zeng, M and Xie, C},
title = {Apo10 and TKTL1 in blood macrophages as potential biomarkers for early diagnosis of operable breast cancer.},
journal = {Breast cancer research and treatment},
volume = {210},
number = {2},
pages = {337-345},
pmid = {39644404},
issn = {1573-7217},
support = {A2022465//the Medical Scientific Research Foundation of Guangdong Province of China/ ; 2022A1515011329//the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; *Breast Neoplasms/diagnosis/blood/surgery/pathology ; *Biomarkers, Tumor/blood ; Middle Aged ; *Early Detection of Cancer/methods ; *Macrophages/metabolism ; Adult ; Aged ; ROC Curve ; Retrospective Studies ; Case-Control Studies ; Neoplasm Staging ; },
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Blood macrophage Apo10 and TKTL1 detection is a novel, noninvasive cancer screening approach, but its relevance in breast cancer remains uncertain. We compared the potential diagnostic value of Apo10 and TKTL1 with commonly used tumor markers in differentiating breast cancer patients.

METHODS: Physical examination and blood sample data from breast cancer patients who did not receive surgery or chemotherapy (retrospective; breast cancer group) and those with benign breast nodules and completely healthy subjects (prospective; control group) were collected from October 2020 to July 2022 at Sun Yat-sen University. Descriptive statistics and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were generated. The area under the ROC curve (AUROC) was calculated to compare the diagnostic efficiency of Apo10 and TKTL1 with conventional biomarkers (carcinoembryonic antigen [CEA], cancer antigens [CA-125, CA-199, CA-153]) in differentiating breast cancer from healthy breasts and benign breast nodules.

RESULTS: From October 2020 to July 2022, 153 breast cancer patients (primarily early-stage disease: n = 113 (73.9%) stage I/II) and 153 control participants (benign breast nodules, n = 56; healthy, n = 97) were included in this study. The breast cancer subtypes were mainly invasive ductal carcinoma (92.8%), with a few cases of DCIS (5.9%), infiltrating lobular carcinoma (0.7%), and mucinous carcinoma (0.7%). Notably, Apo10, TKTL1, and Apo10 + TKTL1 (APT) levels were significantly greater in the cancer group than in the control group (P < 0.001), demonstrating high diagnostic value (AUC = 0.901, 0.871, 0.938) that surpassed CA-125, CA-199, CA-153, and CEA. In a subgroup analysis excluding stage III patients, APT-based breast cancer screening was minimally affected, with the AUROC (0.933-0.938) varying by ≤ 1%.

CONCLUSION: Compared with conventional biomarkers, Apo10, TKTL1, and APT showed superior early-stage breast cancer screening efficacy, potentially emerging as a promising marker for discriminating breast cancer from healthy breasts and nontumoral lesions.},
}

Humans
Female
*Breast Neoplasms/diagnosis/blood/surgery/pathology
*Biomarkers, Tumor/blood
Middle Aged
*Early Detection of Cancer/methods
*Macrophages/metabolism
Adult
Aged
ROC Curve
Retrospective Studies
Case-Control Studies
Neoplasm Staging

@article {pmid39207921,
year = {2024},
author = {Oriakhi, S and Nwashilli, NJ and Ohanaka, CE and Osifo, OD},
title = {Diagnostic Accuracy of Mammographic Findings in Patients 35 Years and Older Presenting with Palpable Breast Lump in University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City.},
journal = {West African journal of medicine},
volume = {41},
number = {5},
pages = {548-554},
pmid = {39207921},
issn = {0189-160X},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; *Mammography/methods ; Middle Aged ; *Breast Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging/pathology/diagnosis ; Adult ; Prospective Studies ; *Hospitals, Teaching ; *Sensitivity and Specificity ; Nigeria ; Breast Diseases/diagnostic imaging/diagnosis/pathology ; Aged ; Breast/pathology/diagnostic imaging ; Predictive Value of Tests ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Mammography has become an invaluable tool for diagnosing breast lesions and detecting early breast cancer in women of 35 years and above.

AIMS: To correlate the mammography Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) categories with the histology in breast lesions and to determine the predictive values, sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of mammography.

PATIENTS AND METHOD: This was a one- year prospective study carried out from March 2015 to February 2016. Consecutive female patients of 35 years and above with breast lesions at the University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin-City were recruited. Patients with fungating breast lesions and those who declined recruitment were excluded. All patients had mammography and core biopsy of the breast lesion which was examined histologically.

RESULTS: A total of 101 patients were studied. Five patients had bilateral breast lesions making a total of 106 biopsies that were performed. The mean age of patients with benign breast disease was 47.0 ± 4.9 years while those with malignant breast disease was 49.9 ± 8.5 years; P-value was 0.080 which was not statistically significant. Fibrocystic disease 6 (5.6%) was the most common benign disease while invasive ductal carcinoma was the most common malignant breast disease 84(79.2%). BI-RADS 5 correlated mostly with malignant breast disease (97.0%); P value < 0.001 and was statistically significant.

CONCLUSION: This study showed that mammography is useful in the diagnosis of breast lesions in women who are 35 years and older. Patients with BI-RADS category 3, 4 and 5 had an increasing correlation with malignant breast disease.},
}

Humans
Female
*Mammography/methods
Middle Aged
*Breast Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging/pathology/diagnosis
Adult
Prospective Studies
*Hospitals, Teaching
*Sensitivity and Specificity
Nigeria
Breast Diseases/diagnostic imaging/diagnosis/pathology
Aged
Breast/pathology/diagnostic imaging
Predictive Value of Tests

@article {pmid38609794,
year = {2024},
author = {Weed, C and Wang, T and Mohan, SC and Wang, X and Tseng, J and Hu, T and Jaswinder, J and Boyle, MK and Amersi, F and Giuliano, A and Chung, A},
title = {Comparison of Clinical Breast Exam to Breast MRI Surveillance in Patients Following Nipple-Sparing Mastectomy.},
journal = {Clinical breast cancer},
volume = {24},
number = {5},
pages = {457-462},
doi = {10.1016/j.clbc.2024.03.011},
pmid = {38609794},
issn = {1938-0666},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; *Breast Neoplasms/surgery/pathology/diagnostic imaging ; Middle Aged ; *Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods ; *Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/diagnostic imaging/pathology/epidemiology/prevention & control ; Adult ; *Nipples/surgery/diagnostic imaging/pathology ; Aged ; Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/surgery/diagnostic imaging/pathology ; Carcinoma, Lobular/surgery/pathology/diagnostic imaging ; Mastectomy, Subcutaneous/methods ; Follow-Up Studies ; Physical Examination ; Prospective Studies ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Nipple sparing mastectomy (NSM) is increasingly being performed for patients with breast cancer. However, optimal postoperative surveillance has not been defined.

METHODS: A prospectively maintained database identified patients with in-situ and invasive cancer who underwent NSM between 2007-2021. Clinical data on postoperative breast surveillance and interventions were collected. Patients who had MRI surveillance versus clinical breast exam (CBE) alone were compared with respect to tumor characteristics, recurrence, and survival.

RESULTS: A total of 483 NSMs were performed on 399 patients. 255 (63.9%) patients had invasive ductal carcinoma, 31 (7.8%) invasive lobular carcinoma, 92 (23.1%) DCIS, 6 (1.5%) mixed ductal and lobular carcinoma, 9 (2.3%) others, and 6 (1.5%) unknown. Postoperatively, 265 (66.4%) patients were followed with CBE alone and 134 (33.6%) had surveillance MRIs. At a median follow-up of 33 months, 20 patients (5.0%) developed in-breast recurrence, 6 patients had (1.5%) an axillary recurrence, and 28 with (7.0%) distant recurrence. 14 (53.8%) LRR were detected in the CBE group and 12 (46.2%) were detected in the MRI group (P = .16). Overall survival (OS) was 99%, with no difference in OS between patients who had CBE alone versus MRI (P = .46). MRI was associated with higher biopsy rates compared to CBE alone (15.8% vs. 7.8%, P = .01).

CONCLUSIONS: Compared to CBE alone, the use of screening MRI following NSM results in higher rate of biopsy and no difference in overall survival.},
}

Humans
Female
*Breast Neoplasms/surgery/pathology/diagnostic imaging
Middle Aged
*Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods
*Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/diagnostic imaging/pathology/epidemiology/prevention & control
Adult
*Nipples/surgery/diagnostic imaging/pathology
Aged
Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/surgery/diagnostic imaging/pathology
Carcinoma, Lobular/surgery/pathology/diagnostic imaging
Mastectomy, Subcutaneous/methods
Follow-Up Studies
Physical Examination
Prospective Studies

@article {pmid38376280,
year = {2023},
author = {Bhatia, M and Ahmed, R and Nagarajakumar, A and Alani, A and Doddi, S and Metafa, A},
title = {Measurement of malignant spiculated mass lesions on mammogram: Do we include the length of the spicules?.},
journal = {Journal of cancer research and therapeutics},
volume = {19},
number = {7},
pages = {1794-1796},
doi = {10.4103/jcrt.jcrt_2052_21},
pmid = {38376280},
issn = {1998-4138},
mesh = {Humans ; Retrospective Studies ; *Mammography ; Biopsy ; },
abstract = {AIM: The aim of this study is to determine if the core size or size with spicules has a better correlation with the final histologic size of spiculated mass lesions.

METHODS: A retrospective study of 48-month duration from January 2014 to December 2017 of biopsy-proven invasive ductal carcinoma presenting as spiculated mass lesions on mammogram was conducted.

RESULTS: There were 195 patients in the study. The mean of the core size was 16.6 mm; when spicules were included the mean size was 27.4mm and final histologic size 21.1 mm. Using unpaired Student 't' test difference in the means was statistically significant (p<0.0001). Pearson number (R) core size versus final histologic size was 0.535 (P < 0.001) and for size with spicules versus final histologic size was 0.495 (P < 0.001).

CONCLUSION: Our study demonstrated that the core size has a stronger positive correlation to final histologic size and should be used preoperatively in decision-making about surgery.},
}

Humans
Retrospective Studies
*Mammography
Biopsy

@article {pmid38075206,
year = {2024},
author = {Sakurai, K and Yamada, S and Ito, R and Ochiai, M and Ando, T and Sakai, Y and Kato, T and Ito, H},
title = {Chromogenic in situ hybridization reveals specific expression pattern of long non-coding RNA DRAIC in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded specimen.},
journal = {Non-coding RNA research},
volume = {9},
number = {1},
pages = {76-83},
pmid = {38075206},
issn = {2468-0540},
abstract = {Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) plays an important role in the regulation of gene expression in normal and cancer cells. We previously discovered a novel tumor-suppressive lncRNA, DRAIC, in prostate cancer cells. Subsequent studies have demonstrated that DRAIC is dysregulated in various malignancies and exhibits a tumor-suppressive or pro-oncogenic function. However, details regarding its expression pattern in normal and cancerous tissues remain largely unknown. In this study, we performed chromogenic in situ hybridization (CISH) using RNAscope technology to assess DRAIC expression in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) specimens. In the neuroendocrine-differentiated cancer cell line VMRC-LCD, CISH revealed a diffuse localization of DRAIC in the cytoplasm as well as specific accumulation in the nuclear compartment. DRAIC expression was comprehensively analyzed using tissue microarrays containing 89 normal and 155 tumor tissue samples. DRAIC was weakly expressed in normal epithelial cells of the colon, bronchiole, kidney, prostate, and testis. Conversely, DRAIC was moderately to highly expressed in some cancer tissues, including prostate adenocarcinoma, invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast, neuroendocrine carcinoma of the esophagus, lung adenocarcinoma, and small cell lung carcinoma. While DRAIC knockdown did not affect VMRC-LCD cellular viability and invasive ability, gene expression related to the neuroendocrine and cancer-related pathways was altered. Our expression analysis revealed the specific expression pattern of DRAIC in normal and cancerous FFPE tissues. The results presented here may lead to the elucidation of additional novel functions of DRAIC.},
}

@article {pmid37124528,
year = {2023},
author = {Zhang, N and Xiang, Y and Shao, Q and Wu, J and Liu, Y and Long, H and Tao, D and Zeng, X},
title = {Different risk and prognostic factors for liver metastasis of breast cancer patients with de novo and relapsed distant metastasis in a Chinese population.},
journal = {Frontiers in oncology},
volume = {13},
number = {},
pages = {1102853},
pmid = {37124528},
issn = {2234-943X},
abstract = {PURPOSE: The present study aimed to identify clinicopathological characteristics of breast cancer liver metastasis (BCLM) as well as to characterize the risk and prognostic factors for the liver metastasis (LM) of breast cancer patients with de novo and relapsed distant metastasis in a Chinese population.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients with metastatic breast cancer (MBC) who were hospitalized in the Breast Cancer Center at Chongqing University between January 2011 and December 2019 were included in the present study. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify risk factors for the presence of BCLM. Cox proportional hazard regression models were performed to determine the prognostic factors for the survival of BCLM patients. The correlation between LM and overall survival was assessed by the Kaplan-Meier method.

RESULTS: In total, 1,228 eligible MBC patients, including 325 cases (26.5%) with de novo metastasis (cohort A) and 903 cases (73.5%) with relapsed metastasis (cohort B), were enrolled in the present study. In cohort A and cohort B, 81 (24.9%) and 226 (25.0%) patients had BCLM, respectively. Patients in these two cohorts had different clinicopathological features. Logistic regression analysis identified that the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) status in cohort A as well as the HER2 status and invasive ductal carcinoma histology in cohort B were risk factors for BCLM. The median OS of patients with LM was inferior to that of non-LM patients (17.1 vs. 37.7 months, P = 0.0004 and 47.6 vs. 84.0 months, P < 0.0001, respectively). Cox analysis identified that the primary T stage, Ki67 level, and breast surgery history were independent prognostic factors for cohorts A and B, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS: De novo and relapsed MBC patients have different risk and prognostic factors for LM. Patients with BCLM have an unfavorable prognosis.},
}

@article {pmid36931261,
year = {2023},
author = {Cardona Barberán, A and Bonte, D and Boel, A and Thys, V and Paredis, R and Machtelinckx, F and De Sutter, P and De Croo, I and Leybaert, L and Stoop, D and Coucke, P and Vanden Meerschaut, F and Heindryckx, B},
title = {Assisted oocyte activation does not overcome recurrent embryo developmental problems.},
journal = {Human reproduction (Oxford, England)},
volume = {38},
number = {5},
pages = {872-885},
doi = {10.1093/humrep/dead051},
pmid = {36931261},
issn = {1460-2350},
mesh = {Pregnancy ; Child ; Humans ; Male ; Female ; Animals ; Mice ; *Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic/methods ; *Calcium ; Ionomycin ; Calcimycin ; Prospective Studies ; Semen ; Pregnancy Rate ; Oocytes ; Embryonic Development ; Retrospective Studies ; Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing ; Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins ; },
abstract = {STUDY QUESTION: Can recurrent embryo developmental problems after ICSI be overcome by assisted oocyte activation (AOA)?

SUMMARY ANSWER: AOA did not improve blastocyst formation in our patient cohort with recurrent embryo developmental problems after ICSI.

WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY: The use of AOA to artificially induce calcium (Ca2+) rises by using Ca2+ ionophores (mainly calcimycin and ionomycin) has been reported as very effective in overcoming fertilization failure after ICSI, especially in patients whose Ca2+ dynamics during fertilization are deficient. However, there is only scarce and contradictory literature on the use of AOA to overcome embryo developmental problems after ICSI, and it is not clear whether abnormal Ca2+ patterns during fertilization disturb human preimplantation embryo development. Moreover, poor embryo development after ICSI has also been linked to genetic defects in the subcortical maternal complex (SCMC) genes.

STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION: This prospective cohort single-center study compared ICSI-AOA cycles and previous ICSI cycles in couples with normal fertilization rates (≥60%) but impaired embryonic development (≤15% blastocyst formation) in at least two previous ICSI cycles. In total, 42 couples with embryo developmental problems were included in this study from January 2018 to January 2021.

Of the 42 couples included, 17 underwent an ICSI-AOA cycle consisting of CaCl2 injection and double ionomycin exposure. Fertilization, blastocyst development, pregnancy, and live birth rates after ICSI-AOA were compared to previous ICSI cycles. In addition, the calcium pattern induced by the male patient's sperm was investigated by mouse oocyte calcium analysis. Furthermore, all 42 couples underwent genetic screening. Female patients were screened for SCMC genes (TLE6, PADI6, NLRP2, NLRP5, NLRP7, and KHDC3L) and male patients were screened for the sperm-oocyte-activating factor PLCZ1.

We compared 17 AOA cycles to 44 previous ICSI cycles from the same patient cohort. After AOA, a total fertilization rate of 68.95% (131/190), a blastocyst development rate of 13.74% (18/131), a pregnancy rate of 29.41% (5/17), and a live birth rate of 23.53% (4/17) were achieved, which was not different from the previous ICSI cycles (76.25% (321/421, P-value = 0.06); 9.35% (30/321, P-value = 0.18), 25.00% (11/44, P-value = 0.75), and 15.91% (7/44, P-value = 0.48), respectively). Calcium analysis showed that patient's sperm induced calcium patterns similar to control sperm samples displaying normal embryo developmental potential. Genetic screening revealed 10 unique heterozygous variants (in NLRP2, NLRP5, NLRP7, TLE6, and PADI6) of uncertain significance (VUS) in 14 females. Variant NLRP5 c.623-12_623-11insTTC (p.?) was identified in two unrelated individuals and variant NLRP2 c.1572T>C (p.Asp524=) was identified in four females. Interestingly, we identified a previously reported homozygous mutation PLCZ1, c.1499C>T (p.Ser500Leu), in a male patient displaying impaired embryonic development, but not showing typical fertilization failure.

Our strict inclusion criteria, requiring at least two ICSI cycles with impaired embryo development, reduced cycle-to-cycle variability, while the requirement of a lower blastocyst development not influenced by a poor fertilization excluded couples who otherwise would be selective cases for AOA; however, these criteria limited the sample size of this study. Targeted genetic screening might be too restricted to identify a genetic cause underlying the phenotype of poor embryo development for all patients. Moreover, causality of the identified VUS should be further determined.

Strong evidence for AOA overcoming impaired embryonic development is still lacking in the literature. Thus far, only one article has reported a beneficial effect of AOA (using calcimycin) compared to previous ICSI cycles in this patient population, whilst two more recent sibling-oocyte control studies (one using calcimycin and the other ionomycin) and our research (using ionomycin) could not corroborate these findings. Although no major abnormalities have been found in children born after AOA, this technique should be reserved for couples with a clear Ca2+-release deficiency. Finally, genetic screening by whole-exome sequencing may reveal novel genes and variants linked to embryo developmental problems and allow the design of more personalized treatment options, such as wild-type complementary RNA or recombinant protein injection.

This study was supported by the Flemish Fund for Scientific Research (grant FWO.OPR.2015.0032.01 to B.H. and grant no. 1298722N to A.B.). A.C.B., D.B., A.B., V.T., R.P., F.M., I.D.C., L.L., D.S., P.D.S., P.C., and F.V.M. have nothing to disclose. B.H. reports a research grant from the Flemish Fund for Scientific Research and reports being a board member of the Belgian Society for Reproductive Medicine and the Belgian Ethical Committee on embryo research.

TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT03354013.},
}

Pregnancy
Child
Humans
Male
Female
Animals
Mice
*Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic/methods
*Calcium
Ionomycin
Calcimycin
Prospective Studies
Semen
Pregnancy Rate
Oocytes
Embryonic Development
Retrospective Studies
Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing
Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins

@article {pmid36753450,
year = {2023},
author = {Taylor, DB and Burrows, S and Dessauvagie, BF and Saunders, CM and Ives, A},
title = {Accuracy and precision of contrast enhanced mammography versus MRI for predicting breast cancer size: how "good" are they really?.},
journal = {The British journal of radiology},
volume = {96},
number = {1144},
pages = {20211172},
pmid = {36753450},
issn = {1748-880X},
mesh = {Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; *Breast Neoplasms/pathology ; Prospective Studies ; Contrast Media ; Mammography/methods ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods ; },
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To evaluate and compare the accuracy and precision of contrast-enhanced mammography (CEM) vs MRI to predict the size of biopsy-proven invasive breast cancer.

METHODS: Prospective study, 59 women with invasive breast cancer on needle biopsy underwent CEM and breast MRI. Two breast radiologists read each patient's study, with access limited to one modality. CEM lesion size was measured using low-energy and recombined images and on MRI, the first post-contrast series. Extent of abnormality per quadrant was measured for multifocal lesions. Reference standards were size of largest invasive malignant lesion, invasive (PathInvasive) and whole (PathTotal). Pre-defined clinical concordance ±10 mm.

RESULTS: Mean patient age 56 years, 42 (71%) asymptomatic. Lesions were invasive ductal carcinoma 40 (68%) with ductal carcinoma in situ (31/40) in 78%, multifocal in 12 (20%). Median lesion size was 17 mm (invasive) and 27 mm (total), range (5-125 mm). Lin's concordance correlation coefficients for PathTotal 0.75 (95% CI 0.6, 0.84) and 0.71 (95% CI 0.56, 0.82) for MRI and contrast-enhanced spectral mammography (CESM) respectively. Mean difference for total size, 3% underestimated and 4% overestimated, and for invasive 41% and 50% overestimate on MRI and CESM respectively. LOAs for PathTotal varied from 60% under to a 2.4 or almost threefold over estimation. MRI was concordant with PathTotal in 36 (64%) cases compared with 32 (57%) for CESM. Both modalities concordant in 26 (46%) cases respectively.

CONCLUSION: Neither CEM nor MRI have sufficient accuracy to direct changes in planned treatment without needle biopsy confirmation.

ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE: Despite small mean differences in lesion size estimates using CEM or MRI, the 95% limits of agreement do not meet clinically acceptable levels.},
}

Female
Humans
Middle Aged
*Breast Neoplasms/pathology
Prospective Studies
Contrast Media
Mammography/methods
Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods

@article {pmid36729856,
year = {2023},
author = {Li, J and Lu, Q and Zhou, H and Xu, F and Huang, J and Hong, R and Wang, S},
title = {Significant response to margetuximab in Chinese HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer patient who progressed after second-line targeted therapy.},
journal = {Anti-cancer drugs},
volume = {34},
number = {7},
pages = {892-895},
pmid = {36729856},
issn = {1473-5741},
mesh = {Female ; Humans ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use ; *Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use ; *Breast Neoplasms/pathology ; East Asian People ; Receptor, ErbB-2 ; Trastuzumab ; },
abstract = {Activation of the antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity is one of the key mechanisms of anti-human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) monoclonal antibody treatment. Margetuximab is a fragment C (Fc)-modified chimeric anti-HER2 immunoglobulin G1 monoclonal antibody that shares epitope specificity with trastuzumab. In this case, we reported that margetuximab plus chemotherapy was effective as later-line therapy in a postmenopausal Chinese woman with metastatic diseases, who was diagnosed with estrogen receptor -, progesterone receptor (PR)-, HER2+ invasive ductal carcinoma. This patient used paclitaxel-albumin plus trastuzumab and pertuzumab as the first-line therapy with progression-free survival (PFS) of 14 months, and pyrotinib in combined with vinorelbine as the second-line therapy with a PFS of 17 months. Then she received margetuximab plus capecitabine as the third-line treatment, the metastatic lesions in the liver were obviously shrunk, indicating clinical partial response and the PFS was 7 months. This case revealed that margetuximab plus chemotherapy may be an appropriate option for the patients who progressed after treating with anti-HER2 monoclonal antibodies and pyrotinib.},
}

Female
Humans
Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use
*Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use
*Breast Neoplasms/pathology
East Asian People
Receptor, ErbB-2
Trastuzumab

@article {pmid34984130,
year = {2021},
author = {Betlloch-Mas, I and Soriano-García, T and Boira, I and Palazón, JC and Juan-Carpena, G and Sancho-Chust, JN and Chiner, E},
title = {Cutaneous Metastases of Solid Tumors: Demographic, Clinical, and Survival Characteristics.},
journal = {Cureus},
volume = {13},
number = {11},
pages = {e19970},
pmid = {34984130},
issn = {2168-8184},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Cutaneous metastasis (CM), while uncommon, is usually an indicator of poor prognosis. With cancer patients living longer, the incidence of CM has increased, which justifies its analysis.

OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to carry out a descriptive study of CM diagnosed for 18 years in a dermatology department of a tertiary care hospital and to assess the epidemiological, clinical, and histological variables that condition them, as well as data on their survival and prognosis.

METHODS: We performed a descriptive study of cases of CM diagnosed over 18 years in the dermatology department of a tertiary referral hospital analyzing the following variables: patient age and sex, site of primary neoplasm, pathochronology, survival time, histological findings, immunohistochemical markers, the anatomical area affected, the clinical appearance of the metastasis, therapeutic plan, and existence of metastases in other regions. We checked normal distribution using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and then compared the quantitative variables using the Student's t-test (unpaired samples), Mann-Whitney test (non-normal distribution), analysis of variance (ANOVA; for more than two groups), and categorical variables using the chi-square or Fisher's exact test.

RESULTS: We included 37 cases (20 men and 17 women), of whom 32 had died. The mean age was 62 ± 15 years. CM detection was defined early in 8% of cases, synchronous in 32%, and metachronous in 60%. The most frequent primary tumor sites were lungs (24%), breasts (21%), and bladders (11%). Most metastases were solitary. The most frequent locations for CM were the scalp, trunk, armpits, and groin. Most lesions had a nodular presentation (81%). Squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma showed the same frequency in lung cancer CM. Breast cancer leading to CM was the most common invasive ductal carcinoma. The most aggressive cases, with the worst survival, originated in lung neoplasms. Therapeutic management for most patients involved surgery in combination with other procedures. The only difference detected between the lung and breast cancer CM was the predominance of lung tumors in men (89%) and breast tumors in women compared with metastases from other sites; breast cancer CM manifested more frequently as plaques and less frequently as nodules (p < 0.05) and was less frequently associated with multisystemic metastasis. In lung cancer CM, time from tumor diagnosis to CM occurrence was shorter (p < 0.01) and multisystemic metastasis was more frequent than in CM of other tumors.

CONCLUSIONS: CM tends to affect patients aged above 60 years and arises predominantly from lung cancer in men and breast cancer in women. The most typical locations are the chest and scalp, and the appearance is usually nodular. Survival after CM detection is low, particularly in lung cancer CM.},
}

@article {pmid34703931,
year = {2021},
author = {Molaei Ramshe, S and Ghaedi, H and Omrani, MD and Geranpayeh, L and Alipour, B and Ghafouri-Fard, S},
title = {Up-regulation of FOXN3-AS1 in invasive ductal carcinoma of breast cancer patients.},
journal = {Heliyon},
volume = {7},
number = {10},
pages = {e08179},
pmid = {34703931},
issn = {2405-8440},
abstract = {Oncogenic and tumor-suppressive roles of long non-coding RNA make them an appropriate target for expression analysis in cancer studies. In this study, we selected two lncRNAs (EMX2OS and FOXN3-AS1) that are resided near the GWAS-identified SNPs for breast cancer (rs2901157 and rs141061110). These transcripts have been identified in different cancer types as either oncogenes or tumor suppressors. In the present investigation, we aimed to quantify the expression level of EMX2OS and FOXN3-AS1 in 44 breast cancer samples and normal adjacent tissues (ANCTs). The FOXN3-AS1 expression level was significantly increased in breast cancer samples compared with ANCTs (P value = 0.02), Also its amounts could distinguish two sets of samples with an accuracy of 70% (P value = 0.009). We have found an association between FOXN3-AS1 expression and tumor size (P value = 0.02). On the other hand, no significant differences were found in the EMX2OS expression level between two sets of samples (P value = 0.44); however, EMX2OS expression level has a significant association with the age of the patients (P value = 0.03). According to our result, FOXN3-AS1 can be demonstrated as a probable diagnostic marker in breast cancer so we suggest further functional studies to find the precise role of these lncRNAs in breast cancer progression.},
}

@article {pmid34439348,
year = {2021},
author = {Kwong, A and Shin, VY and Ho, CYS and Khalid, A and Au, CH and Chan, KKL and Ngan, HYS and Chan, TL and Ma, ESK},
title = {Germline PALB2 Mutation in High-Risk Chinese Breast and/or Ovarian Cancer Patients.},
journal = {Cancers},
volume = {13},
number = {16},
pages = {},
pmid = {34439348},
issn = {2072-6694},
support = {03143406//Health and Medical Research Fund/ ; },
abstract = {The prevalence of the PALB2 mutation in breast cancer varies across different ethnic groups; hence, it is of intense interest to evaluate the cancer risk and clinical association of the PALB2 mutation in Chinese breast and/or ovarian cancer patients. We performed sequencing with a 6-gene test panel (BRCA1, BRCA2, TP53, PTEN, PALB2, and CDH1) to identify the prevalence of the PALB2 germline mutation among 2631 patients with breast and/or ovarian cancer. In this cohort, 39 mutations were identified with 24 types of mutation variants, where the majority of the mutations were frame-shift mutations and resulted in early termination. We also identified seven novel PALB2 mutations. Most of the PALB2 mutation carriers had breast cancer (36, 92.3%) and were more likely to have family history of breast cancer (19, 48.7%). The majority of the breast tumors were invasive ductal carcinoma (NOS type) (34, 81.0%) and hormonal positive (ER: 32, 84.2%; PR: 23, 60.5%). Pathogenic mutations of PALB2 were found in 39 probands with a mutation frequency of 1.6% and 1% in breast cancer and ovarian cancer patients, respectively. PALB2 mutation carriers were more likely have hormonal positive tumors and were likely to have familial aggregation of breast cancer.},
}

@article {pmid34399237,
year = {2021},
author = {Salih, AM and Hammood, ZD and Pshtiwan, LRA and Kakamad, FH and Salih, RQ and Ali, BS},
title = {Intermammary breast cancer; the first reported case.},
journal = {International journal of surgery case reports},
volume = {86},
number = {},
pages = {106223},
pmid = {34399237},
issn = {2210-2612},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Cancer of the breast is the most common cancer among females. The current study aims to report and discuss a rare case of breast cancer in the intermammary region.

CASE REPORT: A 61-year-old lady presented with intermammary swelling for three months. Ultrasound examination showed a hypoechoic micro lobulated mass with internal vascularity seated on the chest wall. There was pathological lymphnodes in the right axilla. Core needle biopsy suspected invasive ductal carcinoma of no specific type. The patient was referred to an oncology center receiving 21 cycles of radiotherapy and hormonal therapy.

DISCUSSION: The most common site of the occurrence of breast cancer is the upper outer quadrant (found in one-third of patients), followed by the upper inner quadrant (9.4%)-both lower outer and inner quadrants (5.2%) and rarely in the central portion. Intermammary breast cancer is an infrequent finding.

CONCLUSION: Although it is extremely rare, breast cancer could occur in the intermammary region. It has the same management strategy as breast cancer.},
}

@article {pmid34316107,
year = {2021},
author = {Ramani, SK and Rastogi, A and Nair, N and Shet, TM and Thakur, MH},
title = {Hyperechoic Lesions on Breast Ultrasound: All Things Bright and Beautiful?.},
journal = {The Indian journal of radiology & imaging},
volume = {31},
number = {1},
pages = {18-23},
pmid = {34316107},
issn = {0971-3026},
abstract = {Ultrasound (US) lexicon of the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) defines an echogenic breast mass as a lesion that is hyperechoic in comparison with subcutaneous adipose tissue. However, at sonography, only 0.6 to 5.6% of breast masses are echogenic and the majority of these lesions are benign. approximately, 0.5% of malignant breast lesions appear hyperechoic. The various benign pathologic entities that appear echogenic on US are lipoma, hematoma, seroma, fat necrosis, abscess, pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia, galactocele, etc. The malignant diagnoses that may present as hyperechoic lesions on breast US are invasive ductal carcinoma, invasive lobular carcinoma, metastasis, lymphoma, and angiosarcoma. Echogenic breast masses need to be correlated with mammographic findings and clinical history. Lesions with worrisome features such as a spiculated margin, interval enlargement, interval vascularity, or association with suspicious microcalcifications on mammography require biopsy. In this article, we would like to present a pictorial review of patients who presented to our department with echogenic breast masses and were subsequently found to have various malignant as well as benign etiologies on histopathology.},
}

@article {pmid34035435,
year = {2021},
author = {Vaidya, JS and Bulsara, M and Baum, M and Wenz, F and Massarut, S and Pigorsch, S and Alvarado, M and Douek, M and Saunders, C and Flyger, H and Eiermann, W and Brew-Graves, C and Williams, NR and Potyka, I and Roberts, N and Bernstein, M and Brown, D and Sperk, E and Laws, S and Sütterlin, M and Corica, T and Lundgren, S and Holmes, D and Vinante, L and Bozza, F and Pazos, M and Blanc-Onfroy, ML and Gruber, G and Polkowski, W and Dedes, KJ and Niewald, M and Blohmer, J and McReady, D and Hoefer, R and Kelemen, P and Petralia, G and Falzon, M and Joseph, D and Tobias, JS},
title = {New clinical and biological insights from the international TARGIT-A randomised trial of targeted intraoperative radiotherapy during lumpectomy for breast cancer.},
journal = {British journal of cancer},
volume = {125},
number = {3},
pages = {380-389},
pmid = {34035435},
issn = {1532-1827},
support = {07/60/49/DH_/Department of Health/United Kingdom ; 10/104/07/DH_/Department of Health/United Kingdom ; 14/49/13/DH_/Department of Health/United Kingdom ; },
mesh = {Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Breast Neoplasms/pathology/*radiotherapy/*surgery ; Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology/*radiotherapy/*surgery ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Intraoperative Care ; Mastectomy, Segmental/*methods ; Middle Aged ; Prognosis ; Survival Analysis ; Treatment Outcome ; Tumor Burden ; Whole-Body Irradiation ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The TARGIT-A trial reported risk-adapted targeted intraoperative radiotherapy (TARGIT-IORT) during lumpectomy for breast cancer to be as effective as whole-breast external beam radiotherapy (EBRT). Here, we present further detailed analyses.

METHODS: In total, 2298 women (≥45 years, invasive ductal carcinoma ≤3.5 cm, cN0-N1) were randomised. We investigated the impact of tumour size, grade, ER, PgR, HER2 and lymph node status on local recurrence-free survival, and of local recurrence on distant relapse and mortality. We analysed the predictive factors for recommending supplemental EBRT after TARGIT-IORT as part of the risk-adapted approach, using regression modelling. Non-breast cancer mortality was compared between TARGIT-IORT plus EBRT vs. EBRT.

RESULTS: Local recurrence-free survival was no different between TARGIT-IORT and EBRT, in every tumour subgroup. Unlike in the EBRT arm, local recurrence in the TARGIT-IORT arm was not a predictor of a higher risk of distant relapse or death. Our new predictive tool for recommending supplemental EBRT after TARGIT-IORT is at https://targit.org.uk/addrt . Non-breast cancer mortality was significantly lower in the TARGIT-IORT arm, even when patients received supplemental EBRT, HR 0.38 (95% CI 0.17-0.88) P = 0.0091.

CONCLUSION: TARGIT-IORT is as effective as EBRT in all subgroups. Local recurrence after TARGIT-IORT, unlike after EBRT, has a good prognosis. TARGIT-IORT might have a beneficial abscopal effect.

TRIAL REGISTRATION: ISRCTN34086741 (21/7/2004), NCT00983684 (24/9/2009).},
}

Aged
Aged, 80 and over
Breast Neoplasms/pathology/*radiotherapy/*surgery
Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology/*radiotherapy/*surgery
Combined Modality Therapy
Female
Humans
Intraoperative Care
Mastectomy, Segmental/*methods
Middle Aged
Prognosis
Survival Analysis
Treatment Outcome
Tumor Burden
Whole-Body Irradiation

@article {pmid32416485,
year = {2020},
author = {Yokoyama, Y and Sakata, H and Uekusa, T and Tajima, Y and Ishimaru, M},
title = {Solitary pancreatic metastasis of gastric cancer with synchronous pancreatic ductal carcinoma: A case report.},
journal = {International journal of surgery case reports},
volume = {70},
number = {},
pages = {164-167},
pmid = {32416485},
issn = {2210-2612},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: There have been a few reports on solitary pancreatic metastases of gastric cancer. We present a case of solitary pancreatic metastasis of gastric cancer with synchronous primary pancreatic ductal carcinoma.

PRESENTATION OF CASE: An 86-year-old man who had undergone total gastrectomy two and half years prior presented with a poorly enhanced tumor in the pancreatic body. We diagnosed pancreatic ductal carcinoma and performed distal pancreatosplenectomy. Histopathologically, the tumor comprised poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma cells mixed with moderately differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma cells that were compatible with metastasis of gastric cancer. There was also invasive ductal carcinoma of the pancreas. The postoperative course was uneventful. Six months after surgery, computed tomography revealed peritoneal dissemination, and he died of recurrence 10 months after surgery.

CONCLUSION: Pancreatic metastasis of gastric cancer with synchronous primary pancreatic cancer can occur and should be considered in the differential diagnosis.},
}

@article {pmid31836680,
year = {2020},
author = {McDonald, ES and Doot, RK and Young, AJ and Schubert, EK and Tchou, J and Pryma, DA and Farwell, MD and Nayak, A and Ziober, A and Feldman, MD and DeMichele, A and Clark, AS and Shah, PD and Lee, H and Carlin, SD and Mach, RH and Mankoff, DA},
title = {Breast Cancer [18]F-ISO-1 Uptake as a Marker of Proliferation Status.},
journal = {Journal of nuclear medicine : official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine},
volume = {61},
number = {5},
pages = {665-670},
pmid = {31836680},
issn = {1535-5667},
support = {K01 DA040023/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States ; P30 CA016520/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States ; UL1 TR000003/TR/NCATS NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Adult ; Aged ; Biological Transport ; Biomarkers, Tumor/*metabolism ; Breast Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging/*metabolism/*pathology ; Cell Proliferation ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Positron-Emission Tomography ; },
abstract = {The σ2 receptor is a potential in vivo target for measuring proliferative status in cancer. The feasibility of using N-(4-(6,7-dimethoxy-3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-2(1H)-yl)butyl)-2-(2-[18]F-fluoroethoxy)-5-methylbenzamide ([18]F-ISO-1) to image solid tumors in lymphoma, breast cancer, and head and neck cancer has been previously established. Here, we report the results of the first dedicated clinical trial of [18]F-ISO-1 in women with primary breast cancer. Our study objective was to determine whether [18]F-ISO-1 PET could provide an in vivo measure of tumor proliferative status, and we hypothesized that uptake would correlate with a tissue-based assay of proliferation, namely Ki-67 expression. Methods: Twenty-eight women with 29 primary invasive breast cancers were prospectively enrolled in a clinical trial (NCT02284919) between March 2015 and January 2017. Each received an injection of 278-527 MBq of [18]F-ISO-1 and then underwent PET/CT imaging of the breasts 50-55 min later. In vivo uptake of [18]F-ISO-1 was quantitated by SUVmax and distribution volume ratios and was compared with ex vivo immunohistochemistry for Ki-67. Wilcoxon rank-sum tests assessed uptake differences across Ki-67 thresholds, and Spearman correlation tested associations between uptake and Ki-67. Results: Tumor SUVmax (median, 2.0 g/mL; range, 1.3-3.3 g/mL), partial-volume-corrected SUVmax, and SUV ratios were tested against Ki-67. Tumors stratified into the high-Ki-67 (≥20%) group had SUVmax greater than the low-Ki-67 (<20%) group (P = 0.02). SUVmax exhibited a positive correlation with Ki-67 across all breast cancer subtypes (ρ = 0.46, P = 0.01, n = 29). Partial-volume-corrected SUVmax was positively correlated with Ki-67 for invasive ductal carcinoma (ρ = 0.51, P = 0.02, n = 21). Tumor-to-normal-tissue ratios and tumor distribution volume ratio did not correlate with Ki-67 (P > 0.05). Conclusion:[18]F-ISO-1 uptake in breast cancer modestly correlates with an in vitro assay of proliferation.},
}

Adult
Aged
Biological Transport
Biomarkers, Tumor/*metabolism
Breast Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging/*metabolism/*pathology
Cell Proliferation
Female
Humans
Middle Aged
Positron-Emission Tomography

@article {pmid31164526,
year = {2019},
author = {Yamamoto, K and Hayashi, K and Waraya, M and Habiro, T and Hosoya, S and Kosaka, Y and Sengoku, N and Hayakawa, K and Inukai, M and Watanabe, M},
title = {[A Patient with Breast Cancer Who Achieved Continued Clinical Complete Response after Systemic Therapy Alone].},
journal = {Gan to kagaku ryoho. Cancer & chemotherapy},
volume = {46},
number = {4},
pages = {757-759},
pmid = {31164526},
issn = {0385-0684},
mesh = {*Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use ; *Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy ; Female ; Humans ; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence ; Middle Aged ; },
abstract = {A 53-year-old woman presented at our hospital because of a mass in the left breast. A mass measuring 2 cm in diameter was palpated in the upper outer region(C region)of the left breast. Mammography showed a mass with calcification. Mammary ultrasonography showed a mass measuring 18×16×14mm and enlarged lymph nodes in the left axillary region. Core needle biopsy revealed Luminal B invasive ductal carcinoma(scirrhous type). The estrogen receptor(ER)positivity was 95%, progesterone receptor(PgR)positivity was 60%, human epidermal growth factor receptor type 2(HER2)score was 2+, fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH)showed no amplification, and Ki-67 index was 60%. Clinical T1N1M0, StageⅡA cancer was thus diagnosed. As preoperative chemotherapy, the patient received 4 courses of treatment containing epirubicin (100mg/m2), 5-fluorouracil(500mg/m2), and cyclophosphamide(500mg/m2; FEC100), and 4 courses of treatment containing docetaxel and cyclophosphamide(TC). Clinical complete response(cCR)was confirmed on imaging studies. The patient was explained about the need for surgery, but she refused to undergo surgery. The patient is being followed up while receiving endocrine therapy, and there has been no recurrence or metastasis as of 2 years. We described our encounter with a patient with breast cancer who refused surgery after preoperative chemotherapy and has had no recurrence or metastasis during follow-up.},
}

*Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use
*Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy
Female
Humans
In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
Middle Aged

@article {pmid30855389,
year = {2019},
author = {Myers, PL and Park, RH and Mitchell, DC and Nghiem, BT and Amalfi, AN},
title = {Would Plastic Surgeons Choose Breast Conservation Therapy?.},
journal = {Annals of plastic surgery},
volume = {82},
number = {4S Suppl 3},
pages = {S202-S207},
doi = {10.1097/SAP.0000000000001922},
pmid = {30855389},
issn = {1536-3708},
mesh = {Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; *Attitude of Health Personnel ; *Breast Neoplasms/surgery ; *Choice Behavior ; *Clinical Decision-Making ; Health Care Surveys ; *Mastectomy, Segmental ; Surgeons/psychology/statistics & numerical data ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Breast conservation therapy is defined as partial mastectomy with subsequent radiation therapy and is the treatment for early-stage breast cancer. However, the unwanted risks of radiation must be considered as well as the impact on future breast reconstruction options. The purpose of this study was to assess the preference of plastic surgeons when given the hypothetical diagnosis of breast cancer.

METHODS: A survey assessing treatment preference of 3 hypothetical breast cancer diagnosis scenarios was designed and distributed by American Society of Plastic Surgeons via e-mail invite to its members.

RESULTS: The risk of cancer recurrence was the most common reason for treatment preferences of all three choices. However, for ductal carcinoma in situ, unilateral mastectomy with implant-based reconstruction is the preferred option with the second most influential reason of avoiding the risks of radiation therapy. For invasive ductal carcinoma node negative, unilateral mastectomy with implant-based reconstruction was the preferred option also due to risks of radiation therapy and anxiety of future surveillance. For invasive ductal carcinoma node positive, bilateral mastectomy with implant-based reconstruction was the preferred choice because of anxiety of future surveillance and also risks of radiation therapy.

CONCLUSIONS: In general, plastic surgeons did not prefer breast conservation therapy for in situ and early-stage breast cancer. Although the most common rationale for total mastectomy was risk of cancer recurrence for all disease severity, risks of radiation therapy are real and play an integral role in the decision-making process. In understanding our own biases, we can help better empathize with patients in consultation for breast reconstruction.},
}

Adult
Female
Humans
Male
Middle Aged
*Attitude of Health Personnel
*Breast Neoplasms/surgery
*Choice Behavior
*Clinical Decision-Making
Health Care Surveys
*Mastectomy, Segmental
Surgeons/psychology/statistics & numerical data

@article {pmid28607685,
year = {2017},
author = {Agosto-Arroyo, E and Rosa, M and Chau, A and Khazai, L},
title = {Concurrent BRAF and PTEN mutations in melanoma of unknown origin presenting as a breast mass.},
journal = {SAGE open medical case reports},
volume = {5},
number = {},
pages = {2050313X17711064},
pmid = {28607685},
issn = {2050-313X},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Metastases represent a small percentage of the malignancies affecting the breast, and only 5% of melanomas originate from non-cutaneous sites. Multiple genetic aberrations have been associated with the development of melanocytic lesions, including BRAF V600E mutation. Mutations in PTEN gene have also been related to the pathogenesis of multiple malignancies.

PURPOSE/METHOD: This is the case of a 28-year-old female who presented with a tender, palpable mass in the upper outer quadrant of the right breast. Ultrasound showed a 1-cm solid mass, initially diagnosed as invasive ductal carcinoma on biopsy. During pre-operative workup, a second mass was identified and biopsied. Immunohistochemical stains performed on the second mass biopsy demonstrated that the neoplastic cells were positive for cytokeratin AE1/3, pan-melanoma, tyrosinase, and SOX-10 and negative for CK7, CAM5.2, and GATA-3. Subsequent workup showed widespread metastatic disease involving the liver, lungs, bones, and brain. The brain metastasis tested positive for BRAF p.V600E and PTEN p.R130Efs*4 mutations. Thorough skin and eye examination did not reveal a primary melanoma.

CONCLUSION: Only few reports have been published of melanoma presenting as a breast mass. This is an interesting case due to the clinical presentation, diagnostic challenges, and genetic mutations profile.},
}

@article {pmid28580881,
year = {2017},
author = {Wander, SA and Mayer, EL and Burstein, HJ},
title = {Blocking the Cycle: Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4/6 Inhibitors in Metastatic, Hormone Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer.},
journal = {Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology},
volume = {35},
number = {25},
pages = {2866-2870},
doi = {10.1200/JCO.2017.73.9482},
pmid = {28580881},
issn = {1527-7755},
support = {T32 CA009172/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Aged ; Breast Neoplasms/*drug therapy/*enzymology/metabolism ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4/*antagonists & inhibitors ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 6/*antagonists & inhibitors ; Female ; Humans ; Peptide Fragments ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; Receptor, ErbB-2/biosynthesis ; Receptors, Estrogen/biosynthesis ; Receptors, Progesterone/biosynthesis ; },
abstract = {The Oncology Grand Rounds series is designed to place original reports published in the Journal into clinical context. A case presentation is followed by a description of diagnostic and management challenges, a review of the relevant literature, and a summary of the authors' suggested management approaches. The goal of this series is to help readers better understand how to apply the results of key studies, including those published in Journal of Clinical Oncology, to patients seen in their own clinical practice. A 68-year-old postmenopausal woman was diagnosed with breast cancer 6 years ago when she presented with a stage II (T2N1), right-sided, invasive ductal carcinoma considered grade 2 of 3 on core biopsy, with a positive fine-needle aspiration of a palpable, ipsilateral axillary lymph node. Immunohistochemical analysis was positive for estrogen and progesterone receptor expression and negative for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) overexpression. She received neoadjuvant dose-dense doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, and paclitaxel chemotherapy, followed by breast-conserving surgery and axillary lymph node dissection, which revealed residual disease in three of 11 nodes. She received adjuvant radiation therapy and initiated letrozole, with excellent compliance during the interval 6-year period. While receiving adjuvant letrozole therapy, she reported 3 months of worsening back pain. Skeletal scintigraphy and cross-sectional imaging confirmed widespread osseous metastatic disease and right supraclavicular lymph node enlargement (Fig 1). Core biopsy of the involved lymph node confirmed estrogen receptor (ER)-positive (90%), progesterone receptor-negative, HER2-negative recurrent metastatic breast cancer. The patient reported mild pain that was adequately controlled with over-the-counter anti-inflammatory medications. She has remained active with an excellent performance status.},
}

Aged
Breast Neoplasms/*drug therapy/*enzymology/metabolism
Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4/*antagonists & inhibitors
Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 6/*antagonists & inhibitors
Female
Humans
Peptide Fragments
Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
Receptor, ErbB-2/biosynthesis
Receptors, Estrogen/biosynthesis
Receptors, Progesterone/biosynthesis

@article {pmid27900579,
year = {2017},
author = {Saito, R and Miki, Y and Hata, S and Ishida, T and Suzuki, T and Ohuchi, N and Sasano, H},
title = {Aryl hydrocarbon receptor induced intratumoral aromatase in breast cancer.},
journal = {Breast cancer research and treatment},
volume = {161},
number = {3},
pages = {399-407},
doi = {10.1007/s10549-016-4063-x},
pmid = {27900579},
issn = {1573-7217},
mesh = {Adult ; Aged ; Aromatase/genetics/*metabolism ; Breast Neoplasms/genetics/*metabolism/pathology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; Estrogens/biosynthesis ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Ligands ; MCF-7 Cells ; Middle Aged ; Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon/*metabolism ; },
abstract = {PURPOSE: Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) inhibits estrogen receptor (ER) pathway, which may suppress estrogen-dependent cell proliferation. However, the correlation between AhR stimulation and intratumoral estrogen synthesis, especially through aromatase, has not been reported to date. In the present study, we examined this correlation in breast cancer cells.

METHODS: We examined AhR and aromatase immunoreactivity in 29 patients with invasive ductal carcinoma. We performed in vitro studies using three breast carcinoma cell lines, MCF-7, T47D, and MDA-MB-231.

RESULTS: AhR stimulation induced the mRNA expression of the aromatase gene in vitro in three breast carcinoma cell lines, and increased estrogen synthesis in MCF-7 cell line. Results of microarray analysis showed that AhR-induced aromatase expression was associated with BRCA1 induction. Analysis of patients with breast cancer showed a significant positive correlation between intratumoral AhR and aromatase status. We also compared the effects of AhR stimulation on the induction of intratumoral estrogen synthesis and inhibition of the ER signaling pathway, because AhR exerts contradictory effects on estrogen action in breast carcinoma cells. AhR-induced aromatase expression persisted for a significantly longer duration than AhR-induced ER pathway inhibition. Moreover, breast carcinoma cells treated with an AhR agonist tended to show earlier cell proliferation after removing the agonist than cells not treated with the AhR agonist.

CONCLUSION: The results of the present study suggest that AhR stimulates estrogen-dependent progression of breast carcinoma by inducing aromatase expression under some conditions. These results provide new insights on the possible roles of environmental toxins in breast cancer development.},
}

Adult
Aged
Aromatase/genetics/*metabolism
Breast Neoplasms/genetics/*metabolism/pathology
Cell Line, Tumor
Cell Proliferation
Estrogens/biosynthesis
Female
Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
Humans
Immunohistochemistry
Ligands
MCF-7 Cells
Middle Aged
Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon/*metabolism

@article {pmid27800068,
year = {2016},
author = {Ziyadi, M and Boujoual, M and Raiteb, H and Babahabib, MA and Kouach, J and Moussaoui, DR and Dehayni, M},
title = {[Squamous cell carcinoma of the breast: report of a case and review of the literature].},
journal = {The Pan African medical journal},
volume = {24},
number = {},
pages = {213},
pmid = {27800068},
issn = {1937-8688},
mesh = {Breast Neoplasms/diagnosis/*pathology ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/diagnosis/*pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Middle Aged ; Prognosis ; },
abstract = {Squamous cell carcinoma of the breast is a rare tumour of metaplasic origin; etiopathogeny is controversial; diagnosis is based on histological examination after eliminating the primary tumor; clinical and radiological examination is not specific; treatment is the same as for invasive ductal carcinoma; prognisis is poor due to tumor size and lymph node involvement. We report a case of breast squamous cell carcinoma in a 39 years old patient who was examined in the obstetrics and gynecology department of the military hospital in Rabat. Patient observation allowed us to specify the clinical characteristics of this entity which remains rare.},
}

Breast Neoplasms/diagnosis/*pathology
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/diagnosis/*pathology
Female
Humans
Lymphatic Metastasis
Middle Aged
Prognosis

@article {pmid27431459,
year = {2016},
author = {Bufi, E and Belli, P and Di Matteo, M and Giuliani, M and Tumino, M and Rinaldi, P and Nardone, L and Franceschini, G and Mulé, A and Bonomo, L},
title = {Hypervascularity Predicts Complete Pathologic Response to Chemotherapy and Late Outcomes in Breast Cancer.},
journal = {Clinical breast cancer},
volume = {16},
number = {6},
pages = {e193-e201},
doi = {10.1016/j.clbc.2016.06.007},
pmid = {27431459},
issn = {1938-0666},
mesh = {Adult ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/*therapeutic use ; Biopsy, Large-Core Needle ; Breast/*blood supply/diagnostic imaging/pathology ; Breast Neoplasms/*blood supply/*drug therapy/mortality/pathology ; Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/*blood supply/*drug therapy/mortality/pathology ; Contrast Media/administration & dosage ; Disease-Free Survival ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Kaplan-Meier Estimate ; Magnetic Resonance Angiography ; Middle Aged ; Neoadjuvant Therapy/methods ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/blood supply/*epidemiology/pathology ; Neoplasm Staging ; Prognosis ; Receptor, ErbB-2/metabolism ; Receptors, Estrogen/metabolism ; Receptors, Progesterone/metabolism ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Our objective was to investigate the relationship between asymmetric increase in breast vascularity (AIBV) and pathologic profiles of breast cancer. We also addressed the prognostic performance of AIBV and of vascular maps reduction after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in predicting pathologic complete response (pCR) at surgery and outcome at follow-up.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two hundred nineteen patients with unilateral locally advanced breast cancer (LABC) underwent magnetic resonance imaging before and after NAC. Axial, sagittal, and coronal maximum intensity projections were obtained in a subjective comparative evaluation. Asymmetrical versus symmetrical breast vascularity was defined through number of vessels, diameter, and signal intensity. Kaplan-Meier methodology was employed for late survival (31.4 ± 18 months follow-up).

RESULTS: AIBV ipsilateral to LABC occurred in 62.5% (P < .001). AIBV was significantly associated with invasive ductal carcinoma, G3, triple-negative, HER2+, and hybrid phenotypes (P < .001). pCR was more frequent among patients with AIBV (24%) (P = .001). After NAC, the vascular map was significantly reduced, particularly in patients with pCR (P < .001). At follow-up, the recurrence rate was 22% (6.1% mortality). AIBV after NAC was associated with worse late survival (P = .036). A trend towards worse late survival existed among patients with AIBV before NAC. We did not observe statistically different survival according to the variation of vascularity after NAC.

CONCLUSION: LABC with ipsilateral AIBV before NAC is associated with more aggressive pathologic profiles. Nonetheless, it is more sensitive to NAC and shows a higher frequency of pCR. The persistence of AIBV after NAC entails a worse late prognosis and should prompt more aggressive therapeutic strategies.},
}

Adult
Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/*therapeutic use
Biopsy, Large-Core Needle
Breast/*blood supply/diagnostic imaging/pathology
Breast Neoplasms/*blood supply/*drug therapy/mortality/pathology
Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/*blood supply/*drug therapy/mortality/pathology
Contrast Media/administration & dosage
Disease-Free Survival
Female
Follow-Up Studies
Humans
Kaplan-Meier Estimate
Magnetic Resonance Angiography
Middle Aged
Neoadjuvant Therapy/methods
Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/blood supply/*epidemiology/pathology
Neoplasm Staging
Prognosis
Receptor, ErbB-2/metabolism
Receptors, Estrogen/metabolism
Receptors, Progesterone/metabolism
Retrospective Studies
Treatment Outcome

@article {pmid27306813,
year = {2016},
author = {Terasawa, R and Iwamoto, M and Tanaka, S and Kimura, K and Takahashi, Y and Fujioka, H and Sato, N and Kawaguchi, K and Ikari, A and Maezawa, S and Tominaga, T and Matsuda, J and Umezaki, N and Uchiyama, K},
title = {[A Case of Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Breast].},
journal = {Gan to kagaku ryoho. Cancer & chemotherapy},
volume = {43},
number = {6},
pages = {749-752},
pmid = {27306813},
issn = {0385-0684},
mesh = {Adult ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use ; Biopsy, Fine-Needle ; Breast Neoplasms/*pathology/therapy ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/*diagnosis/therapy ; Chemoradiotherapy ; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant ; Fatal Outcome ; Female ; Humans ; Recurrence ; Thoracic Wall/*pathology ; },
abstract = {Squamous cell carcinoma(SCC)of the breast is a rare disease. We encountered a case of SCC of the breast that relapsed in the early postoperative period and rapidly progressed thereafter. A 38-year-old woman visited our hospital presenting with a tumor in the left breast consisting of a 5-cm mass with an irregularly sharped wall. Fine needle biopsy examination showed squamous cell carcinoma. A modified radical mastectomy by Auchincloss's method was performed on the left breast. SCC was confirmed by histological examination. Two months later, local recurrence on the chest wall was found during adjuvant chemotherapy. Thereafter, the disease rapidly progressed, and finally, the patient died of respiratory failure caused by lung metastasis. The prognosis of SCC of the breast is recognized as being more unfavorable than that of invasive ductal carcinoma. We should develop an effective chemotherapeutic strategy for this disease.},
}

Adult
Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use
Biopsy, Fine-Needle
Breast Neoplasms/*pathology/therapy
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/*diagnosis/therapy
Chemoradiotherapy
Chemotherapy, Adjuvant
Fatal Outcome
Female
Humans
Recurrence
Thoracic Wall/*pathology

@article {pmid27160778,
year = {2016},
author = {Han, Y and Wang, S and Hibshoosh, H and Taback, B and Konofagou, E},
title = {Tumor characterization and treatment monitoring of postsurgical human breast specimens using harmonic motion imaging (HMI).},
journal = {Breast cancer research : BCR},
volume = {18},
number = {1},
pages = {46},
pmid = {27160778},
issn = {1465-542X},
support = {R01 EB014496/EB/NIBIB NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Breast Neoplasms/*diagnostic imaging/pathology/*therapy ; Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/diagnostic imaging/pathology/therapy ; Female ; Fibroadenoma/diagnostic imaging/pathology/therapy ; *High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound Ablation/methods ; Humans ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; Middle Aged ; Postoperative Care ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) is a noninvasive technique used in the treatment of early-stage breast cancer and benign tumors. To facilitate its translation to the clinic, there is a need for a simple, cost-effective device that can reliably monitor HIFU treatment. We have developed harmonic motion imaging (HMI), which can be used seamlessly in conjunction with HIFU for tumor ablation monitoring, namely harmonic motion imaging for focused ultrasound (HMIFU). The overall objective of this study was to develop an all ultrasound-based system for real-time imaging and ablation monitoring in the human breast in vivo.

METHODS: HMI was performed in 36 specimens (19 normal, 15 invasive ductal carcinomas, and 2 fibroadenomas) immediately after surgical removal. The specimens were securely embedded in a tissue-mimicking agar gel matrix and submerged in degassed phosphate-buffered saline to mimic in vivo environment. The HMI setup consisted of a HIFU transducer confocally aligned with an imaging transducer to induce an oscillatory radiation force and estimate the resulting displacement.

RESULTS: 3D HMI displacement maps were reconstructed to represent the relative tissue stiffness in 3D. The average peak-to-peak displacement was found to be significantly different (p = 0.003) between normal breast tissue and invasive ductal carcinoma. There were also significant differences before and after HMIFU ablation in both the normal (53.84 % decrease) and invasive ductal carcinoma (44.69 % decrease) specimens.

CONCLUSIONS: HMI can be used to map and differentiate relative stiffness in postsurgical normal and pathological breast tissues. HMIFU can also successfully monitor thermal ablations in normal and pathological human breast specimens. This HMI technique may lead to a new clinical tool for breast tumor imaging and HIFU treatment monitoring.},
}

Adult
Aged
Aged, 80 and over
Breast Neoplasms/*diagnostic imaging/pathology/*therapy
Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/diagnostic imaging/pathology/therapy
Female
Fibroadenoma/diagnostic imaging/pathology/therapy
*High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound Ablation/methods
Humans
Imaging, Three-Dimensional
Middle Aged
Postoperative Care
Treatment Outcome
Young Adult

@article {pmid26329944,
year = {2015},
author = {Islam, A and Khondker, NS and Rahman, S and Reza, E and Mahamud, MM and Shaon, SA and Mariam, L and Pathan, FH},
title = {A Comparative Study between FNAC and Histopathology in Diagnosis of Breast Lump.},
journal = {Mymensingh medical journal : MMJ},
volume = {24},
number = {3},
pages = {486-491},
pmid = {26329944},
issn = {1022-4742},
mesh = {Adult ; Bangladesh ; *Biopsy, Fine-Needle ; Breast/*pathology ; Breast Diseases/diagnosis/pathology ; Breast Neoplasms/*diagnosis/pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Prospective Studies ; Reproducibility of Results ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; },
abstract = {Worldwide a large number of patients have been suffering from breast lump and this trend is gradually increasing. It is difficult to determine whether a lump is benign or malignant from clinical assessment. Thus the need for microscopic tissue analysis arises. This study was designed to determine the value of fine needle aspiration cytology in the diagnosis of breast lumps and to compare the result of FNAC with histopathological diagnosis to assess its accuracy. A prospective study in the period of January 2009 to December 2010 was done. One hundred and ten (110) patients who came to the Department of Surgery in Mymensingh Medical College Hospital, Bangladesh in two years for their palpable breast masses were chosen for the study. There were 70(63.63%) benign, 33(30.00%) malignant and 07(6.36%) suspicious smears in FNAC. Inadequate samples were repeated. The number of repeats increased the diagnostic accuracy of aspirates which is statistically significant when compared with histopathology. In histopathology Invasive ductal carcinoma was the most commonly reported lesion with maximum incidence in the 4th, 5th, and 6th decades followed by invasive lobular carcinoma and other malignant lesions. FNAC serves as a rapid, economical and reliable tool for the diagnosis of palpable breast lesions and its reliability is influenced by the skillness of the aspirator. So physician should use this tool with clinical experience.},
}

Adult
Bangladesh
*Biopsy, Fine-Needle
Breast/*pathology
Breast Diseases/diagnosis/pathology
Breast Neoplasms/*diagnosis/pathology
Female
Humans
Middle Aged
Prospective Studies
Reproducibility of Results
Sensitivity and Specificity

@article {pmid25585381,
year = {2015},
author = {Yang, M and Tang, M and Ma, X and Yang, L and He, J and Peng, X and Guo, G and Zhou, L and Luo, N and Yuan, Z and Tong, A},
title = {AP-57/C10orf99 is a new type of multifunctional antimicrobial peptide.},
journal = {Biochemical and biophysical research communications},
volume = {457},
number = {3},
pages = {347-352},
doi = {10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.12.115},
pmid = {25585381},
issn = {1090-2104},
mesh = {Amino Acid Sequence ; Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides/chemistry/*genetics/*metabolism ; Cell Line ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Colorectal Neoplasms/genetics/metabolism/pathology ; Conserved Sequence ; DNA, Neoplasm/metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/chemistry/*genetics/*metabolism ; Humans ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Recombinant Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid ; Tissue Distribution ; Tumor Suppressor Proteins/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; },
abstract = {Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are an evolutionarily conserved component of the innate immune response that provides host defence at skin and mucosal surfaces. Here, we report the identification and characterization of a new type human AMPs, termed AP-57 (Antimicrobial Peptide with 57 amino acid residues), which is also known as C10orf99 (chromosome 10 open reading frame 99). AP-57 is a short basic amphiphilic peptide with four cysteines and a net charge +14 (MW = 6.52, PI = 11.28). The highest expression of AP-57 were detected in the mucosa of stomach and colon through immunohistochemical assay. Epithelium of skin and esophagus show obvious positive staining and strong positive staining were also observed in some tumor and/or their adjacent tissues, such as esophagus cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma and invasive ductal carcinoma. AP-57 exhibited broad-spectrum antimicrobial activities against Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus, Actinomyce, and Fungi Aspergillus niger as well as mycoplasma and lentivirus. AP-57 also exhibited DNA binding capacity and specific cytotoxic effects against human B-cell lymphoma Raji. Compared with other human AMPs, AP-57 has its distinct characteristics, including longer sequence length, four cysteines, highly cationic character, cell-specific toxicity, DNA binding and tissue-specific expressing patterns. Together, AP-57 is a new type of multifunctional AMPs worthy further investigation.},
}

Amino Acid Sequence
Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides/chemistry/*genetics/*metabolism
Cell Line
Cell Line, Tumor
Colorectal Neoplasms/genetics/metabolism/pathology
Conserved Sequence
DNA, Neoplasm/metabolism
DNA-Binding Proteins/chemistry/*genetics/*metabolism
Humans
Molecular Sequence Data
Recombinant Proteins/genetics/metabolism
Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
Tissue Distribution
Tumor Suppressor Proteins/chemistry/genetics/metabolism

@article {pmid24936496,
year = {2014},
author = {Myong, JH and Choi, BG and Kim, SH and Kang, BJ and Lee, A and Song, BJ},
title = {Imaging features of complex sclerosing lesions of the breast.},
journal = {Ultrasonography (Seoul, Korea)},
volume = {33},
number = {1},
pages = {58-64},
pmid = {24936496},
issn = {2288-5919},
abstract = {PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the imaging features of complex sclerosing lesions of the breast and to assess the rate of upgrade to breast cancer.

METHODS: From March 2008 to May 2012, seven lesions were confirmed as complex sclerosing lesions by ultrasonography-guided core needle biopsy. Final results by either surgical excision or follow-up imaging studies were reviewed to assess the rate of upgrade to breast cancer. Two radiologists retrospectively analyzed the imaging findings according to the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System classification.

RESULTS: Five lesions underwent subsequent surgical excision and two of them revealed ductal carcinoma in situ (n=1) and invasive ductal carcinoma (n=1). Our study showed a breast cancer upgrade rate of 28.6% (2 of 7 lesions). Two lesions were stable on imaging follow-up beyond 1 year. The mammographic features included masses (n=4, 57.1%), architectural distortion (n=2, 28.6%), and focal asymmetry (n=1, 14.3%). Common B-mode ultrasonographic features were irregular shape (n=6, 85.7%), spiculated margin (n=5, 71.4 %), and hypoechogenicity (n=7, 100%). The final assessment categories were category 4 (n=6, 85.7%) and category 5 (n=1, 14.3%).

CONCLUSION: The complex sclerosing lesions were commonly mass-like on mammography and showed the suspicious ultrasonographic features of category 4. Due to a high underestimation rate, all complex sclerosing lesions by core needle biopsy should be excised.},
}

@article {pmid24577164,
year = {2016},
author = {Makhoul, I and Griffin, RJ and Siegel, E and Lee, J and Dhakal, I and Raj, V and Jamshidi-Parsian, A and Klimberg, S and Hutchins, LF and Kadlubar, S},
title = {High-circulating Tie2 Is Associated With Pathologic Complete Response to Chemotherapy and Antiangiogenic Therapy in Breast Cancer.},
journal = {American journal of clinical oncology},
volume = {39},
number = {3},
pages = {248-254},
pmid = {24577164},
issn = {1537-453X},
support = {UL1 RR029884/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Angiopoietin-1/blood ; Angiopoietin-2/blood ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/*therapeutic use ; Becaplermin ; Bevacizumab/administration & dosage ; Biomarkers, Tumor/blood ; Breast Neoplasms/chemistry/*drug therapy/surgery ; Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/chemistry/*drug therapy/surgery ; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant ; Cyclophosphamide/administration & dosage ; Docetaxel ; Doxorubicin/administration & dosage ; Female ; Fibroblast Growth Factor 2/blood ; Humans ; Interleukin-1alpha/blood ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9/blood ; Neoadjuvant Therapy ; Neovascularization, Pathologic/*drug therapy ; Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1/blood ; Platelet-Derived Growth Factor/metabolism ; Prospective Studies ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-sis/blood ; Receptor, ErbB-2/analysis ; Receptor, TIE-2/*blood ; Receptors, Estrogen/analysis ; Receptors, Progesterone/analysis ; Taxoids/administration & dosage ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/blood ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2/blood ; },
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a central mediator of angiogenesis in breast cancer. Research in antiangiogenic cancer treatment has been marked by the development of the monoclonal antibody bevacizumab, which targets VEGF in many solid tumors. As patients do not equally benefit from bevacizumab, it has become necessary to define the profile of patients who will benefit from the drug.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: We have conducted a prospective phase II study in 39 patients using bevacizumab in breast cancer in the neoadjuvant setting, and found improved pathologic complete response (pCR) when bevacizumab was added to chemotherapy in patients with hormone receptor negative and invasive ductal carcinoma. Blood samples were collected at baseline and serially while patients were on treatment. Circulating angiogenesis-related proteins angiopoietin (ANG)1, ANG2, basic fibroblast growth factor, IL-1a, matrix metalloproteinase 9, platelet derived growth factor - BB, platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule -1, Tie2, VEGF, and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 were measured at baseline and during treatment. This correlative study was conducted to identify specific serum angiogenic factor profiles that might be associated with pCR in the neoadjuvant setting in breast cancer patients receiving bevacizumab and chemotherapy.

RESULTS: Elevated baseline serum Tie2 and basic fibroblast growth factor were associated with pCR in response to this combination. Changes in serum levels of these proteins were seen during treatment but were not significantly different between the pCR and non-pCR groups.

CONCLUSIONS: Baseline-circulating Tie2 levels may help distinguish patients who will have pCR from those who will not and may form the basis for future development of antiangiogenic therapy in breast cancer. Larger studies are needed to validate these findings. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00203502.},
}

Angiopoietin-1/blood
Angiopoietin-2/blood
Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/*therapeutic use
Becaplermin
Bevacizumab/administration & dosage
Biomarkers, Tumor/blood
Breast Neoplasms/chemistry/*drug therapy/surgery
Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/chemistry/*drug therapy/surgery
Chemotherapy, Adjuvant
Cyclophosphamide/administration & dosage
Docetaxel
Doxorubicin/administration & dosage
Female
Fibroblast Growth Factor 2/blood
Humans
Interleukin-1alpha/blood
Matrix Metalloproteinase 9/blood
Neoadjuvant Therapy
Neovascularization, Pathologic/*drug therapy
Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1/blood
Platelet-Derived Growth Factor/metabolism
Prospective Studies
Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-sis/blood
Receptor, ErbB-2/analysis
Receptor, TIE-2/*blood
Receptors, Estrogen/analysis
Receptors, Progesterone/analysis
Taxoids/administration & dosage
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/blood
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2/blood

@article {pmid24525089,
year = {2014},
author = {Jalaguier-Coudray, A and Thomassin-Piana, J},
title = {Solid masses: what are the underlying histopathological lesions?.},
journal = {Diagnostic and interventional imaging},
volume = {95},
number = {2},
pages = {153-168},
doi = {10.1016/j.diii.2013.12.014},
pmid = {24525089},
issn = {2211-5684},
mesh = {Breast Neoplasms/*diagnostic imaging/*pathology ; Female ; Fibroadenoma/diagnostic imaging/pathology ; Humans ; Ultrasonography ; },
abstract = {The ultrasound signs of breast masses are explained by the histopathological data. Ultrasound masses are classified according to their shape and margin. Round or oval masses are benign when their margins are circumscribed (fibroadenoma, intramammary lymph node); on the other hand, with non-circumscribed margins (microlobulated or irregular), masses that are round or oval may be cancers. Seven histological types of round cancers have been identified: grade III invasive ductal carcinoma, colloid or mucinous carcinoma, medullary carcinoma, intramammary metastases, intracystic papillary carcinoma, lymphoma and high-grade phyllodes tumors. Irregularly shaped ultrasound masses with non-circumscribed margins are predominantly cancers but may in some cases be benign lesions such as sclerosing adenosis, a radial scar, fibroadenoma or phyllodes tumor.},
}

Breast Neoplasms/*diagnostic imaging/*pathology
Female
Fibroadenoma/diagnostic imaging/pathology
Humans
Ultrasonography

@article {pmid24394122,
year = {2013},
author = {Hagino, S and Iwata, K and Nakura, M and Yoshizumi, T and Tsuneda, A and Kiriyama, M},
title = {[A case of recurrent breast cancer that responded to bevacizumab].},
journal = {Gan to kagaku ryoho. Cancer & chemotherapy},
volume = {40},
number = {12},
pages = {2390-2392},
pmid = {24394122},
issn = {0385-0684},
mesh = {Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/*therapeutic use ; Bevacizumab ; Breast Neoplasms/*drug therapy/pathology/surgery ; Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/*drug therapy/surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Neoplasm Staging ; Recurrence ; },
abstract = {We report a case of a 59-year-old woman who was forced to undergo mastectomy of the right breast (Rt Bt) plus axillary lymph node (Ax) dissection for right breast cancer at another hospital. The pathological diagnosis was invasive ductal carcinoma(scirrhou[s sci], pT2N2M0, Stage IIIA, estrogen recepto[r ER[]+], progesterone recepto[r PgR[]+], human epidermal growth factor receptor-2[HER2][2+]). Although no recurrence was observed after postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy and endocrine therapy, skin metastasis on the left back and pleuritis carcinomatosa were detected at our hospital 9 years and 6 months after the operation. Thereafter, bone metastasis, contralateral lymph node metastasis, and frequent occurrence of hepatic metastasis were sequentially detected. The patient was treated with chemotherapy (a total of 4 regimens) and endocrine therapy in addition to radiation therapy for lymph node metastasis over a period of approximately 2 years and 3 months; however, disease control was poor. Therefore, combined chemotherapy with paclitaxel and bevacizumab was initiated from February 2012. Soon after the initiation of combination therapy, the serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) level gradually reduced and computed tomography (CT) revealed that the multiple-organ metastases had remarkably reduced in size. The response was classified as a clinical partial response (cPR). Although adverse events such as peripheral neuropathy, nose bleeding, and high blood pressure were observed, these were all of lesser that Grade 2 severity. The efficacy of chemotherapy was noted for 11 months.},
}

Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/*therapeutic use
Bevacizumab
Breast Neoplasms/*drug therapy/pathology/surgery
Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/*drug therapy/surgery
Female
Humans
Middle Aged
Neoplasm Metastasis
Neoplasm Staging
Recurrence

@article {pmid23267970,
year = {2012},
author = {Aomatsu, N and Kashiwagi, S and Asano, Y and Morisaki, T and Nakamura, M and Kawajiri, H and Takashima, T and Onoda, N and Ishikawa, T and Hirakawa, K},
title = {[A successful case of a super-elderly breast cancer patient treated with hormone therapy].},
journal = {Gan to kagaku ryoho. Cancer & chemotherapy},
volume = {39},
number = {12},
pages = {2042-2044},
pmid = {23267970},
issn = {0385-0684},
mesh = {Aged, 80 and over ; Anastrozole ; Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal/*therapeutic use ; Biopsy, Large-Core Needle ; Breast Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging/*drug therapy/pathology ; Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/diagnostic imaging/*drug therapy/pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Neoplasm Staging ; Nitriles/*therapeutic use ; Quality of Life ; Triazoles/*therapeutic use ; Ultrasonography ; },
abstract = {A 104-year-old female patient with a left breast mass was admitted to our hospital. Ultrasonography showed an irregular and low-echoic mass of about 2.4×2.4×1.4 cm size in the left breast EAC area. Core needle biopsy examination indicated invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast: ER (+), PR (+), and HER2 (-). An overall examination did not show a distant metastasis. We diagnosed her with left breast cancer(luminal A type) T2N0M0, stage IIA. We administered anastrozole at a dose of 1 mg/day. After 6 months, the primary tumor diameter was reduced to 2.1 cm, and the effect of anastrozole was considered a clinical partial response. The patient did not experience any adverse events during treatment. The partial response was maintained for about 2 years. We experienced a successful case of a super-elderly breast cancer patient treated with anastrozole. We conclude that hormone therapy is a useful treatment for super-elderly postmenopausal women with estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer.},
}

Aged, 80 and over
Anastrozole
Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal/*therapeutic use
Biopsy, Large-Core Needle
Breast Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging/*drug therapy/pathology
Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/diagnostic imaging/*drug therapy/pathology
Female
Humans
Neoplasm Staging
Nitriles/*therapeutic use
Quality of Life
Triazoles/*therapeutic use
Ultrasonography

@article {pmid23047180,
year = {2012},
author = {Warbrick-Smith, J and Cawthorn, SJ},
title = {Sentinel lymph node biopsy following prior augmentation mammaplasty and implant rupture.},
journal = {Journal of plastic, reconstructive & aesthetic surgery : JPRAS},
volume = {65},
number = {12},
pages = {e348-50},
doi = {10.1016/j.bjps.2012.09.004},
pmid = {23047180},
issn = {1878-0539},
mesh = {Adult ; Axilla ; *Breast Implants ; Breast Neoplasms/pathology ; Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology ; Female ; Granuloma, Foreign-Body/diagnosis/*pathology/surgery ; Humans ; Mammography ; Mastectomy ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; Prosthesis Failure ; *Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy ; Silicones/adverse effects ; Tissue Expansion ; },
abstract = {We report the case of a 44 year old lady with bilateral cosmetic silicone breast implants who had previously undergone a change of her right implant following extracapsular rupture. She presented 4 years later with a new lump in her right breast and underwent subcutaneous mastectomy for a grade 3 invasive ductal carcinoma. Sentinel lymph node biopsy demonstrated axillary silicone lymphadenopathy but nil evidence of metastatic disease. We present this as the first described case of successful sentinel lymph node biopsy in the context of prior augmentation mammaplasty and ipsilateral implant rupture with silicone lymphadenopathy.},
}

Adult
Axilla
*Breast Implants
Breast Neoplasms/pathology
Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology
Female
Granuloma, Foreign-Body/diagnosis/*pathology/surgery
Humans
Mammography
Mastectomy
Neoplasm Invasiveness
Prosthesis Failure
*Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy
Silicones/adverse effects
Tissue Expansion

@article {pmid22562451,
year = {2012},
author = {Yamamoto, Y and Shimada, K and Takeuchi, Y and Sofue, K and Shibamoto, K and Nara, S and Esaki, M and Sakamoto, Y and Kosuge, T and Hiraoka, N},
title = {Assessment of the interface between retroperitoneal fat infiltration of pancreatic ductal carcinoma and the major artery by multidetector-row computed tomography: surgical outcomes and correlation with histopathological extension.},
journal = {World journal of surgery},
volume = {36},
number = {9},
pages = {2192-2201},
pmid = {22562451},
issn = {1432-2323},
mesh = {Aged ; Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/*diagnostic imaging/pathology/surgery ; Female ; Hepatic Artery/*diagnostic imaging ; Humans ; Intra-Abdominal Fat/*diagnostic imaging/pathology ; Male ; Mesenteric Arteries/*diagnostic imaging ; Mesenteric Veins/diagnostic imaging ; Middle Aged ; *Multidetector Computed Tomography ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; Pancreatic Neoplasms/*diagnostic imaging/pathology/surgery ; Pancreaticoduodenectomy ; Portal Vein/diagnostic imaging ; Retrospective Studies ; Survival Analysis ; Treatment Outcome ; Vascular Neoplasms/*diagnostic imaging/secondary/surgery ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Precise assessment of retroperitoneal invasion is clinically important to allow the achievement of negative margin resections.

METHODS: The clinical records of 132 patients who underwent macroscopic curative pancreaticoduodenectomy for invasive ductal carcinoma of the pancreas between 2004 and 2008 were retrospectively examined. The clinicopathological factors, including retroperitoneal fat infiltration classified into four groups by multidetector-row computed tomography (MDCT), were analyzed. The relationship between the grade of retroperitoneal fat infiltration and surgical outcomes, as well as various histopathological factors, was also investigated.

RESULTS: The 5 year survival rate was 55.6 % for grade 0 infiltration (n = 8), 38.7 % for grade 1 (n = 54), 16.4 % for grade 2 (n = 49), and 0 % for grade 3 (n = 21). There were significant differences in survival in each group. Extrapancreatic nerve invasion and the surgical margin status were significantly associated with retroperitoneal fat infiltration demonstrated on MDCT. According to the grading classification among the 43 patients with pathological portal vein invasion, the 5 year survival rate was 45.9 % for patients with grade 1, which was significantly better survival that those with grade 2 (P = 0.007).

CONCLUSION: The grading criteria for retroperitoneal fat infiltration may be useful as a predictor of survival after pancreaticoduodenectomy for pancreatic head carcinoma. Pancreaticoduodenectomy with portal vein resection could provide favorable survival in patients with grade 1 retroperitoneal fat infiltration, even if histopathological portal vein invasion is present.},
}

Aged
Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/*diagnostic imaging/pathology/surgery
Female
Hepatic Artery/*diagnostic imaging
Humans
Intra-Abdominal Fat/*diagnostic imaging/pathology
Male
Mesenteric Arteries/*diagnostic imaging
Mesenteric Veins/diagnostic imaging
Middle Aged
*Multidetector Computed Tomography
Neoplasm Invasiveness
Pancreatic Neoplasms/*diagnostic imaging/pathology/surgery
Pancreaticoduodenectomy
Portal Vein/diagnostic imaging
Retrospective Studies
Survival Analysis
Treatment Outcome
Vascular Neoplasms/*diagnostic imaging/secondary/surgery

@article {pmid22020211,
year = {2011},
author = {Ghosn, M and Hajj, C and Kattan, J and Farhat, F and El Karak, F and Nasr, F and Abadjian, G and Chahine, G},
title = {Triple-negative breast cancer in Lebanon: a case series.},
journal = {The oncologist},
volume = {16},
number = {11},
pages = {1552-1556},
pmid = {22020211},
issn = {1549-490X},
mesh = {Adult ; Breast Neoplasms/*epidemiology/*metabolism/mortality/therapy ; Disease-Free Survival ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Lebanon/epidemiology ; Middle Aged ; Receptor, ErbB-2/metabolism ; Receptors, Estrogen/metabolism ; Receptors, Progesterone/metabolism ; Survival Analysis ; Young Adult ; },
abstract = {OBJECTIVES: To determine the incidence, characteristics, and survival outcomes of triple-negative breast cancer patients in a medical oncology practice in Lebanon.

METHODS: The pathology reports of all breast cancer cases diagnosed or treated in 1997-2008 were reviewed.

RESULTS: One hundred seventy breast cancer cases (9.3%) of the 1,834 cases that were identified in this practice over a 10-year span had a triple-negative phenotype, with a median age at diagnosis of 52 years. The pathology distribution of those cases was as follows: invasive ductal carcinoma, 85%; medullary carcinoma, 5%; invasive lobular carcinoma, 5%; 95 cases (63%) were grade III. At diagnosis, 17% presented with stage I, 47% had stage II, 24% had stage III, and 12% had stage IV disease, whereas 11% had an inflammatory component. After a median follow-up of 17 months, 43 patients (25.3%) had relapsed and the most common sites of relapse were the brain (19%), lungs (19%), and bones (12%). The risk for recurrence peaked at 1.5 years and became almost nil after 3 years. Twenty patients received induction chemotherapy, among whom six (42.9%) had a complete response and six (42.9%) had a partial response to treatment. None of the patients progressed on neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The 5-year disease-free survival rate was 75% for stage I, 58% for stage II, and 40% for stage III patients, whereas the 5-year overall survival rate was 88% for stage I, 72% for stage II, and 63% for stage III patients. Adjuvant therapy was administered to 96% of patients, using a taxane-based regimen in 38% of cases. The median survival time for stage IV patients was 19 months, with a first line taxane-based regimen used in 50% of cases.

CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of triple-negative breast cancer in Lebanon is similar to that described in the literature. In order to determine targets for future therapeutic options, it is essential to understand the biology of this particular breast cancer subtype.},
}

Adult
Breast Neoplasms/*epidemiology/*metabolism/mortality/therapy
Disease-Free Survival
Female
Humans
Incidence
Lebanon/epidemiology
Middle Aged
Receptor, ErbB-2/metabolism
Receptors, Estrogen/metabolism
Receptors, Progesterone/metabolism
Survival Analysis
Young Adult

@article {pmid19999196,
year = {2008},
author = {Naeem, M and Khan, N and Aman, Z and Nasir, A and Samad, A and Khattak, A},
title = {Pattern of breast cancer: experience at Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar.},
journal = {Journal of Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad : JAMC},
volume = {20},
number = {4},
pages = {22-25},
pmid = {19999196},
issn = {1025-9589},
mesh = {Adult ; Age Distribution ; Age Factors ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Breast Neoplasms/*epidemiology/*pathology ; Female ; Hospitals, Teaching/*statistics & numerical data ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pakistan/epidemiology ; Young Adult ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Breast Cancer is the commonest malignancy of females all over the world and second leading cause of death due to cancer among females. The aim of this Descriptive study was to see the various features of breast cancer in order to know the pattern of disease in the recent time. The study was conducted from Jan. 2007 to Dec. 2007 in Surgical C Unit, Postgraduate Medical Institute, Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar, Pakistan.

METHODS: Study included all patients presenting to and admitted in Surgical C Unit LRH, with carcinoma of breast during the above mentioned period. Name, age, sex, other relevant data, history and examination findings and results of histopathology and other investigations were recorded.

RESULTS: Total of 46 patients was included in the study, out of which there were 46 female and 1 male patients. Most common age group was 40-49 years with 14 patients, followed by 50-59 years with 12 patients. Most common type of carcinoma was infiltrating ductal carcinoma with no specific features with 38 patients. Other types included 2 infiltrating ductal carcinomas of papillary type, 1 mucinous type and 1 medullary type; 3 invasive lobular carcinomas, and 1 mixed lobular and ductal carcinoma. The disease was left sided in 24 cases, right sided in 20 cases while it was bilateral in 2 cases. Upper outer quadrant of the breast was most commonly involved (n = 26). There were 2 cases of stage I, 16 stage II, 20 stage III and 08 cases of stage IV disease. There were 2 cases of grade I, 16 grade II, and 28 cases of grade III.

CONCLUSION: Carcinoma breast is still a common problem presenting at a young to middle age group with invasive ductal carcinoma being the commonest variant with a high grade and a late stage of presentation due to lack of screening and awareness programs.},
}

Adult
Age Distribution
Age Factors
Aged
Aged, 80 and over
Breast Neoplasms/*epidemiology/*pathology
Female
Hospitals, Teaching/*statistics & numerical data
Humans
Male
Middle Aged
Pakistan/epidemiology
Young Adult

@article {pmid18408445,
year = {2008},
author = {Sugie, T and Nagai, T and Ohgaki, K},
title = {[A case of HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer responding to trastuzumab plus gemcitabine combination therapy].},
journal = {Gan to kagaku ryoho. Cancer & chemotherapy},
volume = {35},
number = {4},
pages = {683-686},
pmid = {18408445},
issn = {0385-0684},
mesh = {Antibodies, Monoclonal/*immunology/*therapeutic use ; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized ; Breast Neoplasms/*drug therapy/*immunology/metabolism/pathology ; Carcinoembryonic Antigen/blood ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Deoxycytidine/*analogs & derivatives/therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Immunotherapy ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Metastasis/diagnostic imaging/pathology ; Positron-Emission Tomography ; Radiography ; Receptor, ErbB-2/*immunology/*metabolism ; Tomography Scanners, X-Ray Computed ; Trastuzumab ; Gemcitabine ; },
abstract = {A 60-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital with left thigh pain. She had undergone mastectomy and axillary lymph node dissection for right breast cancer (T3N2M0) five years and two months earlier. The pathological diagnosis then was invasive ductal carcinoma with axillaryly mph node metastases. Hormone receptors and HER2 status were negative and positive (3+), respectively. The patient received adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy, but bone metastases appeared 18 months after surgery. Although trastuzumab-combination chemotherapy with taxane and/or capecitabine was given, bone metastases in thoracic vertebra resulted in incomplete paralysis in both legs. She underwent thoraco-lumbar vertebral fixation 10 months before admission. A PET/CT revealed multiple bone metastases in the left femur as well as vertebrae, and CEA rose markedly. She received radiotherapy and trastuzumab monotherapy in addition to bisphosphonate. Temporarily, CEA decreased, but because recurrence nests were recognized in the supraclavicle and mediastinum after the eight-month treatment, trastuzumab monotherapy was followed by trastuzumab plus vinorelbine combined therapy. This regimen markedly reduced CEA after three months, but it rose again over the following three months. As S-1-combined therapy was not effective, trastuzumab+gemcitabine (1 g/week and two weeks on/one week off) combined therapy was started. CEA decreased markedly after 4 cycles, and FDG accumulation in the recurrence region was markedly improved. The adverse event during this treatment was minor, and PS was sufficiently maintained. These results suggest that trastuzumab plus gemcitabine combination therapy is effective for HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer.},
}

Antibodies, Monoclonal/*immunology/*therapeutic use
Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized
Breast Neoplasms/*drug therapy/*immunology/metabolism/pathology
Carcinoembryonic Antigen/blood
Combined Modality Therapy
Deoxycytidine/*analogs & derivatives/therapeutic use
Female
Humans
Immunotherapy
Middle Aged
Neoplasm Metastasis/diagnostic imaging/pathology
Positron-Emission Tomography
Radiography
Receptor, ErbB-2/*immunology/*metabolism
Tomography Scanners, X-Ray Computed
Trastuzumab
Gemcitabine

@article {pmid16264937,
year = {2005},
author = {Katz, MS and Schapira, L and Harisinghani, MG and Hughes, KS},
title = {Palpable right breast mass in a pregnant woman.},
journal = {Nature clinical practice. Oncology},
volume = {2},
number = {4},
pages = {218-21; quiz 1 p following 222},
doi = {10.1038/ncponc0135},
pmid = {16264937},
issn = {1743-4254},
mesh = {Adult ; Breast Neoplasms/*pathology/therapy ; Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/*secondary/therapy ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Mastectomy ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications, Neoplastic/*pathology/therapy ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: A 29-year-old female presented with a palpable right breast mass at a 12-week prenatal visit. She had no family history of breast or ovarian cancer. Ultrasound revealed a 3 cm lobulated mass, which was confirmed to be malignant by a core biopsy. Postmastectomy pathology at 15 weeks' gestation demonstrated this mass to be a stage T2N0M0 high-grade invasive ductal carcinoma with 0/20 axillary nodes involved. A staging CT scan postpartum showed an enlarged right internal mammary lymph node, confirmed by MRI as suspicious for malignancy.

INVESTIGATIONS: Physical examination, breast ultrasound, core biopsy, mastectomy, CT scan, MRI.

DIAGNOSIS: Pregnancy-associated breast carcinoma.

MANAGEMENT: Mastectomy, chemotherapy and radiotherapy.},
}

Adult
Breast Neoplasms/*pathology/therapy
Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/*secondary/therapy
Combined Modality Therapy
Diagnosis, Differential
Female
Gestational Age
Humans
Lymphatic Metastasis
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Mastectomy
Pregnancy
Pregnancy Complications, Neoplastic/*pathology/therapy
Tomography, X-Ray Computed

@article {pmid15995634,
year = {2005},
author = {Tokatli, F and Altaner, S and Uzal, C and Ture, M and Kocak, Z and Uygun, K and Bilgi, S},
title = {Association of HER-2/neu overexpression with the number of involved axillary lymph nodes in hormone receptor positive breast cancer patients.},
journal = {Experimental oncology},
volume = {27},
number = {2},
pages = {145-149},
pmid = {15995634},
issn = {1812-9269},
mesh = {Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Axilla ; Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy/*metabolism/pathology ; Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/drug therapy/*metabolism/secondary ; Female ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Humans ; Immunoenzyme Techniques ; Lymph Nodes/*metabolism/pathology ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; Prognosis ; Receptor, ErbB-2/*metabolism ; Receptors, Estrogen/metabolism ; Survival Rate ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/metabolism ; },
abstract = {AIM: To evaluate the prognostic significance of HER-2/neu overexpression in hormone receptor and axillary lymph node positive breast cancer patients treated in a single institution.

METHODS: Paraffin-embedded primary breast cancers from 40 patients with invasive ductal carcinoma were studied immunohistochemically. HER-2/neu staining was classified as negative (0, 1+), weak/moderate positive (2+), or moderate/strong positive (3+) and was assessed for effectiveness as a predictor of outcome in univariate and Cox model multivariate analyses.

RESULTS: 20% of patients were positive for HER-2/neu. Significant associations were observed between HER-2/neu and increasing number of involved nodes (p = 0.014), p53 positivity (p = 0.039), the presence of vascular invasion (p = 0.029) and metastases (p = 0.01). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that HER-2/neu overexpression (p = 0.016) and age (p = 0.005) were independent predictors for disease-free survival (DFS) where the number of involved nodes (p = 0.032) was shown to be independent predictor for overall survival. In the HER-2/neu positively stained tumors, significant number of patients developed distant metastases than the patients with HER-2/neu negatively stained tumors (87.5% vs 34.4%, p = 0.01).

CONCLUSION: For node positive patients, HER-2/neu overexpression was a significant predictor of DFS.},
}

Adult
Aged
Aged, 80 and over
Axilla
Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy/*metabolism/pathology
Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/drug therapy/*metabolism/secondary
Female
*Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
Humans
Immunoenzyme Techniques
Lymph Nodes/*metabolism/pathology
Middle Aged
Neoplasm Invasiveness
Prognosis
Receptor, ErbB-2/*metabolism
Receptors, Estrogen/metabolism
Survival Rate
Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/metabolism

@article {pmid15832647,
year = {2005},
author = {Gogo-Abite, M and Nwosu, SO},
title = {Histopathological characteristics of female breast carcinomas seen at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Port Harcourt Nigeria.},
journal = {Nigerian journal of medicine : journal of the National Association of Resident Doctors of Nigeria},
volume = {14},
number = {1},
pages = {72-76},
doi = {10.4314/njm.v14i1.37139},
pmid = {15832647},
issn = {1115-2613},
mesh = {Biopsy, Needle ; Breast Neoplasms/*epidemiology/*pathology ; Carcinoma/*epidemiology/*pathology ; Developing Countries ; Female ; Hospitals, Teaching ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Incidence ; Neoplasm Invasiveness/*pathology ; Neoplasm Staging ; Nigeria/epidemiology ; Prognosis ; Registries ; Retrospective Studies ; Survival Analysis ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Breast carcinoma is an unpredictable disease in the sense that some patients may present with relatively early disease and die of widespread metastases within six months to one year, while others present with fairy advanced disease and yet survive longer. The aim of this study was to characterize breast carcinomas into prognostic groups using histological features.

METHODOLOGY: A total of 269 breast carcinomas in females received during a five-year period (January 1991 to December 1995 inclusive) were analyzed. Archive records (request forms and microscopic slides) of all breast malignancies diagnosed in the department of Anatomical Pathology of University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital were retrieved and evaluated with respect to histological type, histological grades, and mononuclear cell infiltration within the primary tumour. The modified Bloom-Richardson system of microscopic grading of breast carcinoma was used.

RESULTS: The majority of carcinomas showed scanty or absent tubule formation (43.1%) and 59% of cases showed numerous mitotic figures. Forty-nine percent of carcinomas show poorly differentiated or anaplastic nuclei. The final tumour grade (FG) which is the summation of tubular pattern, nuclear pleomorphism and mitotic grades of each of the tumours reveals that 53% fall in FG3, 26% in FG2while only 21% fall in FG1. The majority of the breast carcinomas in this study, 58%, show scanty or absent mononuclear infiltration.

CONCLUSION: The majority of breast carcinomas in this study are poorly differentiated invasive ductal carcinoma, "not otherwise specified" which exhibit high proliferation ratio and are associated with poor host cellular immune reaction. These attributes translate to poor prognosis.},
}

Biopsy, Needle
Breast Neoplasms/*epidemiology/*pathology
Carcinoma/*epidemiology/*pathology
Developing Countries
Female
Hospitals, Teaching
Humans
Immunohistochemistry
Incidence
Neoplasm Invasiveness/*pathology
Neoplasm Staging
Nigeria/epidemiology
Prognosis
Registries
Retrospective Studies
Survival Analysis

@article {pmid12138231,
year = {2002},
author = {Shimizu, Y and Yasui, K and Yamao, K and Ohhashi, K and Kato, T and Yamamura, Y and Hirai, T and Kodera, Y and Kanemitsu, Y and Ito, S and Yanagisawa, A},
title = {Possible oncogenesis of mucinous cystic tumors of the pancreas lacking ovarian-like stroma.},
journal = {Pancreatology : official journal of the International Association of Pancreatology (IAP) ... [et al.]},
volume = {2},
number = {4},
pages = {413-420},
doi = {10.1159/000065090},
pmid = {12138231},
issn = {1424-3903},
mesh = {Adenoma/diagnosis/*metabolism/*pathology ; Aged ; Carcinoma/diagnosis/*metabolism/*pathology ; Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mucins/*metabolism ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; Ovary/pathology ; Pancreatic Neoplasms/diagnosis/*metabolism/*pathology ; Stromal Cells/pathology ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Ultrasonography ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND/AIMS: Clinicopathological features and postoperative results from mucinous cystic tumors of the pancreas (MCTs) were reviewed. MCTs with ovarian-like stroma (MCTs-OLS+; n = 6) and those lacking ovarian-like stroma (MCTs-OLS-; n = 4) were compared to elucidate the oncogenesis of MCT without OLS.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: Ten patients with MCT were studied.

RESULTS: The 6 MCTs-OLS+ cases occurred in females and were located in the body and tail of the pancreas. The mean tumor size was 6.5 cm (range 2-11 cm). The majority (5/6) of MCTs-OLS+ were multilocular and exhibited tiny loculi on the cyst wall and septum characteristic of MCTs-OLS+. Pathological classifications were adenoma in 4 patients and noninvasive adenocarcinoma in 2 patients. All 6 patients were alive without tumor recurrence 6-124 months after tumor resection. Of the 4 MCTs-OLS- cases, 2 were males and 2 females; MCTs- OLS- were located in the tail of the pancreas. The mean tumor size was 6.9 cm (range 4-8.4 cm). Invasive cancer in the pancreatic parenchyma or extrapancreatic tissue was recognized in all 4 patients, and the pathological classification of epithelia of the cyst wall were adenocarcinomas. These findings were also compatible with common invasive ductal carcinomas of the pancreas with secondary retention cyst on pseudocyst. All patients died of the disease (15, 27, 31 and 80 months after resection, respectively). Whether or not OLS is specific for MCTs of the pancreas should be clarified in future studies.

CONCLUSION: The results of our study led to three hypotheses regarding the oncogenesis of MCTs-OLS-: (1) MCTs in which OLS disappears during the development of invasive carcinoma; (2) advanced cancer derived from intraductal papillary mucinous tumor of the pancreas, and (3) invasive ductal carcinoma of the pancreas with secondary cyst.},
}

Adenoma/diagnosis/*metabolism/*pathology
Aged
Carcinoma/diagnosis/*metabolism/*pathology
Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde
Female
Humans
Male
Middle Aged
Mucins/*metabolism
Neoplasm Invasiveness
Ovary/pathology
Pancreatic Neoplasms/diagnosis/*metabolism/*pathology
Stromal Cells/pathology
Tomography, X-Ray Computed
Ultrasonography

@article {pmid10939434,
year = {2000},
author = {Rokutanda, N and Iino, Y and Yokoe, T and Maemura, M and Horiguchi, J and Takei, H and Koibuchi, Y and Iijima, K and Oyama, T and Morishita, Y},
title = {Primary squamous cell carcinoma of the breast during lactation: a case report.},
journal = {Japanese journal of clinical oncology},
volume = {30},
number = {6},
pages = {279-282},
doi = {10.1093/jjco/hyd069},
pmid = {10939434},
issn = {0368-2811},
mesh = {Adult ; Breast Neoplasms/*etiology/pathology/physiopathology ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/*etiology/physiopathology/secondary ; Female ; Humans ; *Lactation ; Lung Neoplasms/secondary ; },
abstract = {A case of primary squamous cell carcinoma of the breast during lactation is reported. The patient was a 32-year-old woman, in post-partum lactating 18 months after delivery, who was referred to our hospital following detection of a lump in her left breast during physical examination in mass screening for breast cancer. The tumor, palpated in the upper outer quadrant of the left breast, was firm, well-defined and 2.8 x 2.6 cm in size. Ultrasonograms identified an irregular-shaped hypoechoic lesion and mammograms revealed a well-defined, circumscribed tumor. Based on these findings, breast cancer was suspected and an excisional biopsy was performed. The resected specimen was a firm, solid and circumscribed tumor with central hemorrhage. Microscopic findings demonstrated that the tumor consisted of an invasive ductal carcinoma with marked squamous metaplasia, such as keratinization and squamo-columnar junction. Breast-conserving surgery was performed and no lymph node involvement was noted. Both estrogen and progesterone receptors of the tumor were negative. Generally, the size of both squamous cell carcinoma and carcinoma during the lactation period tends to be larger than ordinary carcinomas. In this case, the cancerous lesion was detected at a relatively early stage. Although the cancerous lesion was detected at a relatively early stage and no lymph node involvement was noted, lung metastases occurred within 12 months of the surgery. Malignant potential is generally considered to be high in cases of squamous cell carcinoma of the breast with lactation and thus intensive treatment potentially resulting in severe side effects was considered to be necessary for this patient.},
}

Adult
Breast Neoplasms/*etiology/pathology/physiopathology
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/*etiology/physiopathology/secondary
Female
Humans
*Lactation
Lung Neoplasms/secondary

@article {pmid8090928,
year = {1994},
author = {Orel, SG and Schnall, MD and Newman, RW and Powell, CM and Torosian, MH and Rosato, EF},
title = {MR imaging-guided localization and biopsy of breast lesions: initial experience.},
journal = {Radiology},
volume = {193},
number = {1},
pages = {97-102},
doi = {10.1148/radiology.193.1.8090928},
pmid = {8090928},
issn = {0033-8419},
support = {R01CA583580/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Biopsy, Needle/instrumentation/*methods ; Breast/*pathology ; Breast Neoplasms/*pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/instrumentation/*methods ; Middle Aged ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Stereotaxic Techniques/instrumentation ; },
abstract = {PURPOSE: To evaluate the usefulness of a magnetic resonance (MR) imaging-guided system for localization and biopsy of mammographically and clinically occult breast lesions.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: The 11 needle localizations and one cyst aspiration were performed with MR imaging guidance in 11 patients with breast lesions. Two MR systems were tested; both required the patient to lie prone with the breast compressed between medial and lateral plates. One system used a grid with 18-gauge holes placed at 5-mm intervals and two reference markers to position the needle; the other, a stereotaxic external needle guide and a software system to calculate coordinates.

RESULTS: Fibroadenoma, ductal carcinoma in situ, invasive ductal carcinoma, atypical ductal hyperplasia, fat necrosis, and sclerosing adenosis were found at histologic examination. In two cases, biopsies revealed multi-focal breast cancer where mammographic and clinical findings had indicated a single lesion.

CONCLUSION: MR imaging-guided needle localizations may be performed in a clinical setting with the systems described. Accurate localization of mammographically and clinically occult lesions will allow MR imaging to achieve a clinically significant role.},
}

Biopsy, Needle/instrumentation/*methods
Breast/*pathology
Breast Neoplasms/*pathology
Female
Humans
Magnetic Resonance Imaging/instrumentation/*methods
Middle Aged
Sensitivity and Specificity
Stereotaxic Techniques/instrumentation

@article {pmid6548366,
year = {1984},
author = {Shousha, S and James, AH and Fernandez, MD and Bull, TB},
title = {Squamous cell carcinoma of the breast.},
journal = {Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine},
volume = {108},
number = {11},
pages = {893-896},
pmid = {6548366},
issn = {0003-9985},
mesh = {Adult ; Breast Neoplasms/immunology/metabolism/pathology/*ultrastructure ; Carcinoembryonic Antigen/analysis ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/metabolism/pathology/*ultrastructure ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Mucins/metabolism ; },
abstract = {We saw two cases of pure squamous cell carcinoma of the breast, one of which is associated with dermatomyositis. Electron microscopy of appropriately fixed tissue obtained from one tumor confirmed the squamous nature of the polyhedral and spindle-shaped tumor cells. One tumor was assayed for estrogen and progesterone receptor proteins and was found to be lacking both. Test results for mucin and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) were negative in both tumors. In contrast, a similarly examined case of invasive ductal carcinoma with areas of squamous metaplasia had slightly elevated concentrations of estrogen and progesterone receptor proteins, and test results for mucin and CEA were positive.},
}

Adult
Breast Neoplasms/immunology/metabolism/pathology/*ultrastructure
Carcinoembryonic Antigen/analysis
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/metabolism/pathology/*ultrastructure
Female
Humans
Middle Aged
Mucins/metabolism

@article {pmid40824984,
year = {2025},
author = {An, T and Dong, X and Dong, B and Jiang, H and Liu, L and Ma, B},
title = {Event-Triggered Mixed Nonzero-Sum Game Optimal Control for Modular Robotic Manipulator Performing Coordinated Operation Tasks.},
journal = {IEEE transactions on neural networks and learning systems},
volume = {PP},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1109/TNNLS.2025.3595563},
pmid = {40824984},
issn = {2162-2388},
abstract = {Taking advantage of high-performance intelligent robots to solve the coordination control problem such as assembly, handling, and installation, transportation is gradually becoming a kind of frontier subject with great scientific research value in the field of robotics. However, due to possible conflicts and inconsistencies between the manipulator and the operating object, it is challenging to design the optimal coordination control scheme between human and robot. This article presents an event-triggered mixed nonzero-sum game optimal control method, which considers both nonzero-sum game and cooperative game cases, for modular robotic manipulator (MRM) systems performing coordinated operation tasks. First, the joint torque feedback technique and joint task assignment method are employed to establish the dynamic model of MRM subsystem, and then, the global state-space description is deduced. For the unknown information containing interconnected dynamic coupling (IDC) terms and friction modeling errors, an adaptive neural network (NN) identifier is established by utilizing the measured input-output data of each joint module. The adaptive updating law guarantees that the NN weight error finally converged to a minimum neighborhood of zero. To ensure the optimality of system overall performance, the corresponding value functions reflecting the interconnectedness among each joint subsystem and manipulated object are constructed. Based on the idea of differential game, the coordination control problem of MRM system is transformed into a mixed nonzero-sum game problem among each joint module and the operated object. Next, by constructing a single critic NN with learning structure, the optimal value function is approximated to solve the event-based Hamiltonian equations, and then, the optimal control strategy of each player is obtained. Finally, the Lyapunov theory is used to analyze system stability, and the effectiveness of the presented method is reinforced by experimental results.},
}

@article {pmid40823661,
year = {2025},
author = {van Veen, FEE and Scheepe, JR and Blok, BFM},
title = {[Regional variation in urinary catheter use in the Netherlands: a population-based cohort from 2012 to 2021].},
journal = {Tijdschrift voor urologie},
volume = {15},
number = {5},
pages = {88-96},
doi = {10.1007/s13629-024-00458-w},
pmid = {40823661},
issn = {2211-4718},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Clean intermittent catheterization (CIC) is often preferred over indwelling catheters (IDC) due to fewer complications and improved quality of life. This study investigated trends and regional differences in CIC and IDC use in the Netherlands between 2012 and 2021.

METHODS: Data were collected from the Drug and Medical Devices Information System and regional differences were assessed using negative binomial regression (NBR).

RESULTS: The number of CIC users increased by 27.3%, from 34,204 to 43,528 and the number of ID users by 44.6%, from 41,619 to 60,172. The most significant increases were among male CIC users > 65 years and IDC users > 85 years. NBR showed significant regional variations, with higher CIC use in the northern Netherlands and variable IDC use across the country.

CONCLUSION: There is a growing number of catheter users in the Netherlands and there are regional differences, which may be explained by variations in patient populations, healthcare provider preferences, and adherence to guidelines.},
}

@article {pmid40809963,
year = {2025},
author = {Bellesini, JA and Foo, KY and Li, J and Sanderson, RW and Zilkens, R and Gale, L and Hardie, M and Hamza, S and Rijhumal, A and Saunders, CM and Kennedy, BF},
title = {Three-dimensional dynamic optical coherence tomography for breast tumor margin assessment.},
journal = {Biomedical optics express},
volume = {16},
number = {8},
pages = {3061-3074},
pmid = {40809963},
issn = {2156-7085},
abstract = {Intraoperative margin assessment techniques are needed to reduce the re-excision rate in breast-conserving surgery. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a non-invasive imaging technique capable of rapid three-dimensional (3-D) imaging of the internal microstructure of tissues. However, there is often low contrast between morphological features in breast tissue. Dynamic OCT (d-OCT), which provides additional contrast derived from the temporal variance of the OCT signal caused by intrinsic motion within the tissue, may provide a solution. However, few studies have applied it to breast tumor margin assessment. In this study, we acquired 3-D d-OCT images of ten human mastectomy specimens and three wide local excisions from breast-conserving surgery (BCS) procedures and, in each case, performed co-registered histology for validation. To optimize the trade-off between spatial resolution, temporal resolution, and acquisition time, we considered a range of acquisition settings. Several methods for visualizing d-OCT images were investigated, including Fourier weighted mean frequency, Fourier power spectral analysis, using red-green-blue (RGB) and hue-saturation-value (HSV) color spaces, and phase variance. We present d-OCT images of invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC), ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC), and lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS), and show that the contrast between malignant and benign regions is consistently higher with d-OCT than using OCT intensity alone. The improved contrast may derive from increased proliferation rates and collagen deposition in cancerous tissue compared to benign tissue. We believe that our results demonstrate that d-OCT has the potential to improve intraoperative tumor margin assessment during breast-conserving surgery.},
}

@article {pmid40809661,
year = {2025},
author = {Vulasala, SR and Louviere, CD and Navarro, F and Adler, GA and Gopireddy, DR and Hatch, P and Abu Hana, R},
title = {Systemic Sarcoidosis Mimicking Metastatic Invasive Ductal Carcinoma of the Breast.},
journal = {Cureus},
volume = {17},
number = {7},
pages = {e87860},
pmid = {40809661},
issn = {2168-8184},
abstract = {Sarcoidosis is a granulomatous inflammatory disorder of uncertain etiology that can closely mimic metastatic malignancies, particularly when it presents with multi-organ involvement. In patients with a confirmed diagnosis of cancer, to avoid misdiagnosis and subsequent inappropriate treatment, distinguishing between sarcoidosis and metastatic disease is essential. Histologic confirmation through tissue sampling and correlation with tumor markers are critical tools in this process. We report a case of a 36-year-old female with invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast who presented with suspicious findings that indicated metastatic disease involving her lungs, liver, and bones. However, tumor marker levels and histopathology revealed systemic sarcoidosis, not metastatic spread.},
}

@article {pmid40805194,
year = {2025},
author = {Tsai, MY and Yu, ZH and Chou, CP},
title = {AI-Based Ultrasound Nomogram for Differentiating Invasive from Non-Invasive Breast Cancer Masses.},
journal = {Cancers},
volume = {17},
number = {15},
pages = {},
pmid = {40805194},
issn = {2072-6694},
support = {KSVGH112-108//Kaohsiung Veterans Hospital/ ; },
abstract = {Purpose: This study aimed to develop a predictive nomogram integrating AI-based BI-RADS lexicons and lesion-to-nipple distance (LND) ultrasound features to differentiate mass-type ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) from invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) visible on ultrasound. Methods: The final study cohort consisted of 170 women with 175 pathologically confirmed malignant breast lesions, including 26 cases of DCIS and 149 cases of IDC. LND and AI-based features from the S-Detect system (BI-RADS lexicons) were analyzed. Rare features were consolidated into broader categories to enhance model stability. Data were split into training (70%) and validation (30%) sets. Logistic regression identified key predictors for an LND nomogram. Model performance was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, 1000 bootstrap resamples, and calibration curves to assess discrimination and calibration. Results: Multivariate logistic regression identified smaller lesion size, irregular shape, LND ≤ 3 cm, and non-hypoechoic echogenicity as independent predictors of DCIS. These variables were integrated into the LND nomogram, which demonstrated strong discriminative performance (AUC = 0.851 training; AUC = 0.842 validation). Calibration was excellent, with non-significant Hosmer-Lemeshow tests (p = 0.127 training, p = 0.972 validation) and low mean absolute errors (MAE = 0.016 and 0.034, respectively), supporting the model's accuracy and reliability. Conclusions: The AI-based comprehensive nomogram demonstrates strong reliability in distinguishing mass-type DCIS from IDC, offering a practical tool to enhance non-invasive breast cancer diagnosis and inform preoperative planning.},
}

@article {pmid40804863,
year = {2025},
author = {Cantisani, C and Caruso, G and Taliano, A and Longo, C and Rizzuto, G and D'Andrea, V and Pietkiewicz, P and Bortone, G and Gargano, L and Suppa, M and Pellacani, G},
title = {Multimodal Imaging Detection of Difficult Mammary Paget Disease: Dermoscopy, Reflectance Confocal Microscopy, and Line-Field Confocal-Optical Coherence Tomography.},
journal = {Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {15},
number = {15},
pages = {},
pmid = {40804863},
issn = {2075-4418},
abstract = {Mammary Paget disease (MPD) is a rare cutaneous malignancy associated with underlying ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) or invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC). Clinically, it appears as eczematous changes in the nipple and areola complex (NAC), which may include itching, redness, crusting, and ulceration; these symptoms can sometimes mimic benign dermatologic conditions such as nipple eczema, making early diagnosis challenging. A 56-year-old woman presented with persistent erythema and scaling of the left nipple, which did not respond to conventional dermatologic treatments: a high degree of suspicion prompted further investigation. Reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) revealed atypical, enlarged epidermal cells with irregular boundaries, while line-field confocal-optical coherence tomography (LC-OCT) demonstrated thickening of the epidermis, hypo-reflective vacuous spaces and abnormally large round cells (Paget cells). These non-invasive imaging findings were consistent with an aggressive case of Paget disease despite the absence of clear mammographic evidence of underlying carcinoma: in fact, several biopsies were needed, and at the end, massive surgery was necessary. Non-invasive imaging techniques, such as dermoscopy, RCM, and LC-OCT, offer a valuable diagnostic tool in detecting Paget disease, especially in early stages and atypical forms.},
}

@article {pmid40804756,
year = {2025},
author = {Gato, J and Vázquez, I and Coimbra, S and Santos, I and Dore, I and Shenkman, G and Janowicz, K and Ciesielski, P and Tasker, F},
title = {To build a family: exploring preferred paths to parenthood among plurisexual individuals without children.},
journal = {Journal of reproductive and infant psychology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-13},
doi = {10.1080/02646838.2025.2547920},
pmid = {40804756},
issn = {1469-672X},
abstract = {AIMS/BACKGROUND: Limited research has examined family-building strategies among plurisexual individuals. Culture and gender are essential determinants of parenthood prospects among individuals with minoritized sexual identities. For plurisexual individuals, the partner's gender also seems to play a critical role. Our investigation aimed to explore cisgender plurisexual individuals' preferred paths to parenthood considering their country of origin, gender, and partner's gender.

DESIGN/METHOD: We examined associations between preferred pathways to parenthood and country, gender, and partner's gender among 405 cisgender plurisexual individuals aged between 18 and 45 years (M = 25.76; SD = 5.57), from Portugal (n = 140; 34.9%), Israel (n = 78; 19.3%), Poland (n = 85; 21%), and the UK (n = 102; 25.2%).

RESULTS: Overall, couple adoption and sexual intercourse were the most chosen pathways to parenthood, and self-insemination and co-parenting were the least chosen. Participants from Poland and the United Kingdom were less likely to choose artificial insemination, single adoption, and self-insemination than their Portuguese counterparts. Women were more likely than men to choose artificial insemination. Individuals in different-gender relationships were more likely to choose sexual intercourse as a means of having children than were those in same-gender relationships, and the opposite was true for artificial insemination.

CONCLUSION: Country, gender, and the partner's gender influence plurisexual individuals' choice of some parenthood pathways. Psychological and reproductive counselling should consider these aspects.},
}

@article {pmid40797027,
year = {2025},
author = {Kliemank, E and von Rauchhaupt, E and Seebauer, L and Roshan, M and Ansmann, M and Flegka, V and Schimpfle, L and Tsilingiris, D and Bartl, H and Fleming, T and Kender, Z and Jende, JME and Mooshage, CM and Schwarz, D and Bendszus, M and Schirmacher, P and Herzig, S and Nawroth, PP and Kopf, S and Szendroedi, J and Sulaj, A},
title = {Cohort profile of the Heidelberg study on diabetes and complications HEIST-DiC.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {29580},
pmid = {40797027},
issn = {2045-2322},
abstract = {The Heidelberg Study on Diabetes and Complications (HEIST-DiC) is a prospective longitudinal study focused on the development and progression of diabetes-associated complications. Participants with/without diabetes mellitus undergo annual phenotyping of diabetes-associated complications over 11 years. Assessments include: albuminuria, estimated glomerular filtration rate for chronic kidney disease; clinical neuropathy scores, Purdue Pegboard test, electrophysiological examination, transcutaneous electrical nerve fiber stimulation, quantitative sensory testing and high-resolution magnetic resonance neurography for distal sensorimotor polyneuropathy; heart rate variability for cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy; funduscopic examination of undilated pupils for retinopathy; the 6-minute walk test, spirometry, body plethysmography, and carbon monoxide-based diffusing capacity measurements for respiratory lung disease; non-invasive scores, transient elastography and hepatic ultrasound for metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease; ankle-brachial index and carotid intima-media thickness for peripheral atherosclerosis; hand grip strength for muscle function; bioelectrical impedance analysis for body composition; skin autofluorescence for measurement of advanced glycation end products. Beta-cell function and tissue-specific insulin sensitivity are evaluated using oral glucose tolerance test or euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp. The biobank stores specimens of blood, urine, skeletal muscle, subcutaneous adipose tissue, and skin. Health-related quality of life, physical health, and somatic and depression symptoms are measured via standardized questionnaires. HEIST-DiC explores diabetes onset in high-risk individuals, disease progression and the development of complications, aiming to design personalized strategies to prevent, mitigate, or reverse diabetes-related complications.Trial registration: The study was retrospectively registered at Clinicaltrials.gov (NCT03022721, date of registration 20170112).},
}

@article {pmid40796841,
year = {2025},
author = {Chen, J and Liu, K and Cheng, Q and Wang, L},
title = {Modeling health literacy intentions: a structural equation analysis of community residents' willingness to acquire infectious disease specific health literacy.},
journal = {BMC public health},
volume = {25},
number = {1},
pages = {2734},
pmid = {40796841},
issn = {1471-2458},
support = {LGF21H260007 and LGF21H19000//Basic Public Welfare Research Project of Zhejiang Province/ ; 2020PY064, 2020KY238, and 2021PY065//Medical Science and Technology Project of Zhejiang Province/ ; 20220919Y059//Hangzhou City Science and Technology Bureau Project/ ; 0020190783//Health Science and Technology Project of Hangzhou Municipality/ ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: How the willingness to acquire infectious-disease-specific health literacy (IDSHL) can be promoted is unknown among community residents. Community residents' willingness to acquire IDSHL (CRWAI) and its impact on health status is a multifaceted phenomenon that encompasses many factors, including socio-demographic characteristics, cognition, attitude, health behavior, perceived-efficacy, and knowledge needs related to infectious diseases. Early identification of associated-factors for CRWAI is essential. The objective of this research is to construct analytical models and examine the influencing factors relevant to CRWAI.

METHODS: In this multi-center cross-sectional study, we included 3,921 subjects from Hangzhou City using the method of stratified cluster sampling. We applied a structural equation modeling (SEM) to examine the factors that affect the CRWAI.

RESULTS: The findings from the SEM indicated that socio-demographic factors (SDF) (β =0.017, p =0.021), infectious disease cognition (IDC) (β =0.105, p <0.001), infectious disease perceived-efficacy (IDPE) (β =0.109, p <0.001), and infectious disease knowledge needs (IDKN) (β =0.097, p <0.001) was positively correlated with CRWAI. There was no significant association between the attitude and health behavior regarding infectious disease and CRWAI (p>0.05). The results indicated that IDC and IDKN served as mediators in the connection between SDF and CRWAI. Moreover, it was found that IDPE played a mediating part in the relationship of IDC and CRWAI. IDKN functioned as a mediator in the link between IDPE and CRWAI.

CONCLUSION: Our findings have indicated potential mechanistic pathways and intervention targets for CRWAI. We have introduced the SEM to analyze the CRWAI. Given that SDF, IDC, IDPE, and IDKN demonstrate direct and interactive associations with CRWAI, strategic interventions targeting these determinants are critical for enhancing population health outcomes in community settings.},
}

@article {pmid40789889,
year = {2025},
author = {Pintican, R and Duma, MM and Spada, AM and Szep, M and Eniu, D and Chiorean, A},
title = {COVID-19 pandemic resulted in more metastatic breast cancer cases at diagnosis.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {29296},
pmid = {40789889},
issn = {2045-2322},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/epidemiology/virology ; Female ; *Breast Neoplasms/diagnosis/pathology/epidemiology ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Aged ; Adult ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Neoplasm Staging ; Pandemics ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; },
abstract = {The study aimed to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on breast cancer diagnosis, tumor characteristics, and staging in an Eastern-European country. This retrospective study included 11,635 breast cancer patients and clients presenting between March 2019 and March 2022. Patients were categorized into pre-pandemic, pandemic, and post-pandemic groups. Data included age, sex, pathology, tumor characteristics (histologic type, grade, ER/PR/HER2 status), and TNM staging. Statistical analysis compared these parameters across the three-time intervals.During the pandemic, breast cancer diagnosis decreased significantly compared to the pre-pandemic period (9.1% vs. 13.17%, p < 0.001) but increased post-pandemic (11%, p = 0.013). Invasive ductal carcinoma of non-special type (IDC-NST) was predominant in all three-time periods. Aggressive tumors (Nottingham grade 3, ER negative) increased during the pandemic and post-pandemic times. Molecular subtypes showed variations across time intervals, with triple-negative tumors rising significantly. Larger tumors, increased lymph node involvement (9-19%), and distant metastasis characterized the pandemic and post-pandemic periods. Compared to pre-pandemic patients, post-pandemic ones were 7 times more likely to be metastatic at diagnosis (p < 0.05). The COVID-19 pandemic led to a significant decrease in breast cancer diagnosis, particularly during the pandemic period. Tumors appeared more aggressive, with higher lymph node and distant metastatic involvement. The long-term prognosis and healthcare cost implications remain uncertain. These findings emphasize the need for adapted cancer screening programs and healthcare system readiness during pandemics.COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in a lower detection rate among patients diagnosed with breast cancer and increased TNM stage.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/epidemiology/virology
Female
*Breast Neoplasms/diagnosis/pathology/epidemiology
Middle Aged
Retrospective Studies
Aged
Adult
SARS-CoV-2
Neoplasm Staging
Pandemics
Neoplasm Metastasis

@article {pmid40787784,
year = {2025},
author = {Köker, SC and Tsokanos, FF and El-Merahbi, R and Jha, AK and Cicatelli, K and Weber, P and Mhamane, A and Kaltenecker, D and Morigny, P and Loft, A and Klepac, K and Maida, A and Molocea, CE and Hass, D and Vogl, ES and Alfaro, AJ and Sun, W and Zitzelsberger, H and Unger, K and Szendrödi, J and Li, Y and Diaz, MB and Wolfrum, C and Bartelt, A and Herzig, S and Georgiadi, A},
title = {The TBLR1/TBL1 Co-Factor Complex Acts as a Transcriptional Checkpoint in the Brown Adipose Tissue Response to Prolonged Cold Exposure.},
journal = {FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology},
volume = {39},
number = {15},
pages = {e70886},
pmid = {40787784},
issn = {1530-6860},
support = {450149205-TRR333/1//Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG)/ ; //Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislaufforschung (DZHK)/ ; J4224-B34//Austrian Science Fund (FWF)/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Adipose Tissue, Brown/metabolism ; Mice ; *Cold Temperature ; Thermogenesis/physiology ; *Transducin/metabolism/genetics ; Histone Deacetylases/metabolism/genetics ; Energy Metabolism ; Male ; *Nuclear Proteins/metabolism/genetics ; Mice, Transgenic ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Lipolysis ; Adipocytes, Brown/metabolism ; Mice, Knockout ; *Transcription, Genetic ; },
abstract = {Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is a key thermogenic organ, whose activation in response to cold environmental temperatures and β-adrenergic stimulation requires the proper function of the NCOR/HDAC3 corepressor complex in brown adipocytes. The NCOR/HDAC3 complex is large and multi-component, including the transducin beta-like 1 (TBL1) and TBL1-related 1 (TBLR1) proteins. Loss of TBL1 in the hepatocytes and TBLR1 in the white adipocytes has been shown to impair fasting- and β-adrenergic-induced lipolysis. However, their roles in BAT thermogenesis remain unknown. Here, we report that deletion of TBLR1 alone in brown adipocytes does not impair the adaptive thermogenic response to prolonged cold exposure. In contrast, simultaneous deletion of TBL1 and TBLR1 dampens β-adrenergic-induced lipolysis and mitochondrial respiration in cultured mouse brown adipocytes. Transgenic mice with UCP1-Cre mediated double deletion of TBLR1 and TBL1 exhibit reduced whole-body energy expenditure during prolonged cold exposure, lower core body temperature, increased appearance of unilocular adipocytes in BAT, and suppressed expression of metabolic and myogenic PRDM16 target genes. Also, we present some evidence that TBLR1 and TBL1 interact with HDAC3 and PRDM16 in brown adipocytes, potentially suggesting a direct involvement in the PRDM16-controlled transcriptional program. These findings identify the TBLR1/TBL1 complex as a critical regulator of BAT adaptation to prolonged cold and systemic energy homeostasis, shedding light on the context-dependent functions of corepressor complexes.},
}

Animals
*Adipose Tissue, Brown/metabolism
Mice
*Cold Temperature
Thermogenesis/physiology
*Transducin/metabolism/genetics
Histone Deacetylases/metabolism/genetics
Energy Metabolism
Male
*Nuclear Proteins/metabolism/genetics
Mice, Transgenic
Mice, Inbred C57BL
Lipolysis
Adipocytes, Brown/metabolism
Mice, Knockout
*Transcription, Genetic

@article {pmid40778244,
year = {2025},
author = {Ho, KC and Huffman, KN and O'Connor, MJ and Sparks, P and Bozigar, C and Sterbling, H and Hansen, N},
title = {Triple-Positive PALB-2 Breast Cancer in a 27-Year-Old Male-to-Female Patient.},
journal = {Eplasty},
volume = {25},
number = {},
pages = {e27},
pmid = {40778244},
issn = {1937-5719},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: There is a paucity of literature describing breast cancer prevention and screening guidelines in transgender patients. As more patients undergo gender-affirming care, breast cancer screening guidelines must be solidified for transgender patients. While there are no published incidence rates of breast cancer in the transgender population, case reports continue to underscore the prevalence of breast cancer in transgender females.

METHODS: A 27-year-old transgender woman with a family history of breast cancer and personal gender-affirming hormone therapy for 9 years was diagnosed with stage 3 invasive ductal carcinoma. The patient presented with a palpable breast lump and had never undergone breast imaging.

CONCLUSIONS: Breast cancer risk in transgender patients with long-term hormone therapy use is not well understood. Individuals, both male and female, with a family history of breast cancer; increased cumulative lifetime estrogen and progesterone use; or mutations in BRCA1, BRCA2, CHEK2, PTEN, or PALB2 genes have an increased risk for breast cancer. Hormonal treatment is often used alongside gender-affirming surgeries for development of female secondary sex characteristics in male-to-female patients. Although hormone therapy can have gender-affirming benefits, the increased lifetime exposure to estrogen and progesterone can increase the risk of breast cancer. Mammography guidelines for transgender patients vary by age, familial and genetic risk, as well as duration of hormone therapy. Three current organizations have published mammographic screening guidelines for transgender patients: the University of California San Francisco, the World Professional Association for Transgender Health, and the American College of Radiology. Future research should focus on substantiating these guidelines with greater data to produce evidence-based recommendations to guide the care of transgender patients.},
}

@article {pmid40773373,
year = {2025},
author = {Tucunduva, TCM and Zanetta, VC and Chala, LF and Torres, US and Viana, MP and Lee, MV and Silva, MM and Shimizu, C and Aguillar, VLN and de Mello, GGN},
title = {Advancements in Detection and Management of Ductal Carcinoma in Situ.},
journal = {Radiographics : a review publication of the Radiological Society of North America, Inc},
volume = {45},
number = {9},
pages = {e240174},
doi = {10.1148/rg.240174},
pmid = {40773373},
issn = {1527-1323},
mesh = {Humans ; *Breast Neoplasms/therapy/diagnostic imaging/pathology/diagnosis ; Female ; *Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/therapy/diagnostic imaging/pathology ; Mammography/methods ; },
abstract = {Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is a noninvasive breast cancer characterized by neoplastic epithelial cells confined to the ductal system by the basement membrane without invasion of adjacent tissue. Its progression to invasive carcinoma is not understood fully, and currently, DCIS is considered a nonobligatory precursor of invasive breast cancer. However, DCIS is challenging because it includes a heterogeneous group of lesions with varied histologic, immunohistochemical, genetic, radiologic, and clinical characteristics. This heterogeneity is reflected in its natural progression, with some lesions remaining indolent, whereas others may develop into invasive ductal carcinoma. As DCIS detection rates rise due to mammographic screening, concerns about overdiagnosis and overtreatment have emerged, which has lead to a greater focus on understanding the biologic characteristics of DCIS. Radiologists need to understand the various imaging techniques used to evaluate DCIS. These include mammography, contrast-enhanced mammography, tomosynthesis, US, and MRI. By familiarizing themselves with each modality's various strengths and limitations, radiologists can effectively assess DCIS and develop the appropriate treatment plan. Although current guidelines advise treating all cases of DCIS with surgery, radiation therapy, and hormonal therapy, ongoing trials are investigating the safety of active surveillance for women with low-risk DCIS. There is interest in improving the risk stratification of DCIS lesions, and new advanced tools, such as radiomics, artificial intelligence, and other emerging techniques, are showing positive initial results and have the potential to become valuable solutions in the future. However, further studies and development still are needed before they can be widely adopted in clinical practice. Published under a CC BY 4.0 license See the invited commentary by Chikarmane in this issue.},
}

Humans
*Breast Neoplasms/therapy/diagnostic imaging/pathology/diagnosis
Female
*Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/therapy/diagnostic imaging/pathology
Mammography/methods

@article {pmid40762843,
year = {2025},
author = {Metser, U and Ali Mirshahvalad, S and Dayes, IS and Parpia, S and Levine, MN},
title = {[18]F-FDG PET/CT of Oligometastatic Disease in Locally Advanced Breast Cancer: PETABC Trial Post Hoc Analysis.},
journal = {Radiology},
volume = {316},
number = {2},
pages = {e243788},
doi = {10.1148/radiol.243788},
pmid = {40762843},
issn = {1527-1315},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; *Breast Neoplasms/pathology/diagnostic imaging ; *Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography/methods ; *Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 ; Middle Aged ; Radiopharmaceuticals ; Prospective Studies ; Aged ; Adult ; *Neoplasm Metastasis/diagnostic imaging ; Neoplasm Staging ; },
abstract = {Background The optimal treatment of patients with oligometastatic breast cancer and the methods for selecting individuals who may benefit from metastasis-directed therapies are controversial. Purpose To determine the prevalence of oligometastatic disease (OMD; defined as five or fewer distant metastases) in patients with locally advanced breast cancer initially staged at fluorine 18 ([18]F) fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET/CT or at CT and bone scintigraphy (CTBS), and to compare patterns of local-regional and distant metastatic disease. Materials and Methods This is a post hoc analysis of data from a prospective, multicenter randomized trial including participants with stage IIb (T3N0) or III invasive ductal carcinoma in the breast between December 2016 and April 2022. Participants were randomized for staging at [18]F-FDG PET/CT or at conventional chest, abdomen, and pelvis CTBS. The prevalence of OMD, sites of distant metastases, and extent of local-regional disease were compared using the χ[2] test or Fisher exact test. Logistic regression was used to assess the association between imaging and disease extent, with P < .05 indicating a statistically significant difference. Results The study included 369 participants (mean age, 53 years ± 13 [SD]). OMD was more common on [18]F-FDG PET/CT scans (19 of 180; 11%; 95% CI: 6.9, 15.9) than on CTBS scans (eight of 185; 4%; 95% CI: 2.2, 8.3; P = .03). Polymetastatic disease (more than five distant metastases) was also more common on [18]F-FDG PET/CT scans (24 of 180; 13%) than on CTBS scans (13 of 185; 7%; P = .04). Patients with OMD that was depicted on [18]F-FDG PET/CT and CTBS scans had axillary lymph node metastases, but [18]F-FDG PET/CT helped to detect extra-axillary regional lymphadenopathy, extra-regional lymph node metastases, and liver metastases more frequently than did CTBS (six of 19 [32%] vs one of eight [13%], three of 19 [16%] vs 0 of eight [0%], and six of 19 [32%] vs one of eight [13%], respectively; P = .63, .53, and .63, respectively). Conclusion At patient presentation, [18]F-FDG PET/CT helped to detect OMD in more than one in 10 participants with locally advanced breast cancer, which was more than 2.5 times more often than CTBS, and [18]F-FDG PET/CT helped to detect more extensive local-regional metastatic disease. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02751710 © RSNA, 2025 Supplemental material is available for this article. See also the editorial by Ulaner in this issue.},
}

Humans
Female
*Breast Neoplasms/pathology/diagnostic imaging
*Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography/methods
*Fluorodeoxyglucose F18
Middle Aged
Radiopharmaceuticals
Prospective Studies
Aged
Adult
*Neoplasm Metastasis/diagnostic imaging
Neoplasm Staging

@article {pmid40761960,
year = {2025},
author = {Rios Herrera, O and De La Torre, M and Melnikau, S and Bogati, N and Debebe, K and Melhem, A and Johnson, RW and Pagé, J and Zamaro, A and Raeburn, T},
title = {Necrotizing Soft Tissue Infection of the Breast: A Unique Presentation of Underlying Invasive Breast Cancer.},
journal = {Cureus},
volume = {17},
number = {7},
pages = {e87310},
pmid = {40761960},
issn = {2168-8184},
abstract = {Necrotizing soft tissue infections (NSTIs) are life-threatening infections that most commonly affect the extremities, perineum, and abdominal wall. These infections begin with the presence of toxin-producing bacteria that invade through a defect in the skin barrier, such as a wound, laceration, trauma, or recent surgical incision. These bacteria cause subsequent tissue destruction and necrosis that can involve the superficial skin, subcutaneous tissue, fascia, and/or muscle. NSTIs can progress quickly, leading to severe sepsis, shock, and even death. NSTIs associated with the breast are an exceedingly rare occurrence, requiring early diagnosis and prompt surgical intervention. In this article, we report the case of a 46-year-old woman with an NSTI of the left breast, which required serial debridement initially, and subsequently a modified radical mastectomy given a pathological diagnosis of invasive ductal carcinoma.},
}

@article {pmid40761476,
year = {2025},
author = {Takahashi, A and Fujiwara, S and Takahashi, Y and Isoda, M and Yasukawa, M and Goda, K and Yamanaka, T and Yamashita, T and Yuguchi, S},
title = {A Case of Drug-Induced Pancytopenia due to Tamoxifen.},
journal = {Surgical case reports},
volume = {11},
number = {1},
pages = {},
pmid = {40761476},
issn = {2198-7793},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Tamoxifen (TAM) is a well-established treatment for hormone receptor-positive breast cancer with a known side-effect profile that includes hot flashes, genital bleeding, and diarrhea (0.1%-5%). Other notable side effects include liver damage, abnormal vaginal discharge, depression, dizziness, and headaches of unknown frequency. However, blood cell count reduction has not yet been reported as a side effect in Japan.

CASE PRESENTATION: A 46-year-old female patient was diagnosed with right breast cancer (cT1N0M0). The patient underwent partial right breast resection and sentinel lymph node biopsy. Owing to the positive surgical resection margin, a mastectomy was performed. Pathological analysis of the surgical specimen confirmed invasive ductal carcinoma (estrogen receptor [ER]: 95%, progesterone receptor [PgR]: 85%, HER2: 2+ [fluorescence in situ hybridization, FISH negative]), with macrometastasis in one sentinel lymph node. Postoperative treatment included chemotherapy (dose-dense adriamycin and cyclophosphamide [AC] to dose-dense paclitaxel [PTX]), irradiation, and TAM. While initial blood test results before starting TAM showed mild anemia (Hb: 8.9 g/dL Grade 2), a follow-up blood test 5 months after initiating TAM revealed a significant decrease in blood cell counts (white blood cell [WBC]: 2600/μL Grade 2, neutrophil [neu]: 0.55 × 10³/μL Grade 3, Hb: 7.7 g/dL Grade 2, platelet [PLT]: 13.3 × 10⁴/μL). Considering the onset of symptoms following TAM administration, drug-induced pancytopenia was suspected. TAM and its concomitant medication pregabalin were discontinued. However, the blood cell counts continued to decline, necessitating further investigation. Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) was suspected, leading to multiple bone marrow biopsies. However, no definitive hematological disorder was diagnosed. The patient received transfusions and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) injections based on the blood cell count. Approximately 4 months after the onset of neutropenia, gradual recovery was observed and spontaneous remission occurred. Given the rarity of spontaneous recovery from MDS, TAM is considered a potential causative agent of the observed decline in blood cell counts.

CONCLUSIONS: We report a case of suspected drug-induced cytopenia associated with tamoxifen administration.},
}

@article {pmid40757683,
year = {2024},
author = {Cushman, CJ and Abaleka, F and Ibrahim, AF and Yalamanchili, K and Thirumala, S and Quick, D},
title = {Pembrolizumab Induced Recall Dermatitis Occurring 5 Years After Radiotherapy.},
journal = {Reports (MDPI)},
volume = {7},
number = {4},
pages = {},
pmid = {40757683},
issn = {2571-841X},
abstract = {Background and Clinical Significance: Radiation recall dermatitis (RRD) following immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy has been infrequently reported. Case Presentation: We present a 47-year-old female patient who developed RRD of the breast following three doses of pembrolizumab administered as an adjuvant treatment post-nephrectomy for Stage III renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Notably, the affected breast had previously undergone external beam radiotherapy 247 weeks earlier for Stage IA invasive ductal carcinoma. She had received no prior chemotherapy at any point. RRD manifested as breast induration, erythema, and peau d'orange, and contraction of breast volume was noted following three cycles of pembrolizumab on week 17 (400 mg dose every 6 weeks). The dermatitis responded rapidly to systemic corticosteroids and no treatment interruption was needed. Conclusions: To date, this is the longest reported interval from completion of radiotherapy to RRD. A literature search underscores the variability in presentation and management of ICI-associated RRD.},
}

@article {pmid40755326,
year = {2025},
author = {Arshad, U and Rizvi, SF and Sohail, SK and Qamar, S and Sarfraz, R and Akhlaq, M},
title = {Expression of C-terminal tensin-like in breast carcinoma and its correlation with known prognostic factors.},
journal = {Polish journal of pathology : official journal of the Polish Society of Pathologists},
volume = {76},
number = {1},
pages = {10-15},
doi = {10.5114/pjp.2025.149282},
pmid = {40755326},
issn = {1233-9687},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; *Breast Neoplasms/pathology/metabolism ; *Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis ; Middle Aged ; *Tensins/analysis/biosynthesis ; Prognosis ; *Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology/metabolism ; Aged ; Adult ; Immunohistochemistry ; },
abstract = {C-terminal tensin-like (Cten) is a marker for poorly differentiated breast cancer. We evaluated the immunohistochemical expression of Cten in invasive breast carcinoma in our population and correlated it with known histopathologic prognostic variables. Fifty-seven specimens of modified radical mastectomy diagnosed as invasive ductal carcinoma were collected. The histopathologic findings were noted independent of the result of Cten. According to the results of Cten immunohistochemistry, the tumors were categorized as negative/mild, moderate, or high expression and were statistically corelated with histologic findings. In our study, 47 (82.5%) cases showed negative/mild expression, 2 (3.5%) cases showed moderate staining, and 8 (14%) cases showed strong expression of Cten. Positive Cten was present in pT4 stage tumors. Similarly, grade III tumor showed moderate expression in 2 (3.5%) cases and strong staining in 8 (14%) cases. Posi-tive expression of Cten was observed in cases with lymphovascular invasion (LVI) and high axillary lymph nodal involvement (N3). All these poor prognostic factors were significantly associated with moderate to high expression of Cten. We found that tumor size and extent, histologic grade, LVI, and lymph node status were significantly associated with Cten expression. C-terminal tensin-like can be used as marker of poor prognosis in breast carcinoma.},
}

Humans
Female
*Breast Neoplasms/pathology/metabolism
*Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis
Middle Aged
*Tensins/analysis/biosynthesis
Prognosis
*Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology/metabolism
Aged
Adult
Immunohistochemistry

@article {pmid40754350,
year = {2025},
author = {Represa, M and Lima, O and Ávila, M and Rubiñán, P and Torres, C and Sansón-León, S and Lugo, J and Álvarez-Fernández, M and Rubianes, M and Legarra, JJ and Pérez-Rodríguez, MT},
title = {Impact of infectious diseases consultation and oral sequential therapy in the management of post-surgical mediastinitis.},
journal = {Enfermedades infecciosas y microbiologia clinica (English ed.)},
volume = {43},
number = {7},
pages = {383-388},
doi = {10.1016/j.eimce.2025.06.005},
pmid = {40754350},
issn = {2529-993X},
mesh = {Humans ; *Mediastinitis/drug therapy/microbiology/etiology ; Retrospective Studies ; Male ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Aged ; *Anti-Bacterial Agents/administration & dosage/therapeutic use ; *Referral and Consultation ; *Postoperative Complications/drug therapy/microbiology ; Administration, Oral ; *Cardiac Surgical Procedures/adverse effects ; Length of Stay/statistics & numerical data ; Treatment Outcome ; },
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Post-cardiac surgery mediastinitis (PSM) is a serious, complex, and multifactorial complication of surgical procedures. Infectious diseases consultation (IDC) has demonstrated improvement in other complex infectious diseases. The objective of the study was to evaluate the impact of IDC in the management and outcome of patients with PSM.

METHODS: Observational retrospective study, of adult patients with PSM between January 2010 and June 2021. After January 2016, IDC was performed in all the patients with PSM. The primary endpoint was clinical success, a composite variable of clinical cure, and absence of adverse events, or recurrence. Also, in-hospital stay, and clinical cure was evaluated in patients that received oral sequential therapy (OST).

RESULTS: A total of 84 patients with PSM were included, 48 pre-IDC and 36 in IDC period. No differences in clinical success were observed between the two periods (pre-IDC 60% vs, IDC 77%, p=0.104). During the IDC period the rate of adequate targeted antibiotic treatment was higher (pre-IDC 71% vs. IDC 94%, p=0.016). Gram-negative bacilli infections (pre-IDC 42% vs. IDC 78%, p=0.002) and polymicrobial infections (pre-IDC 37% vs. IDC 63%, p=0.004) increased in the IDC period. Multivariate analysis did not show any variable associated with clinical success. OST was similar in both periods, and a shorter in-hospital stay was observed in the patients who underwent OST (no-OST, 70 days vs. OST, 44 days, p=0.003).

CONCLUSIONS: IDC was related with a higher adequate targeted antimicrobial therapy. We observed that OST offers a promising strategy in the management of this infection.},
}

Humans
*Mediastinitis/drug therapy/microbiology/etiology
Retrospective Studies
Male
Female
Middle Aged
Aged
*Anti-Bacterial Agents/administration & dosage/therapeutic use
*Referral and Consultation
*Postoperative Complications/drug therapy/microbiology
Administration, Oral
*Cardiac Surgical Procedures/adverse effects
Length of Stay/statistics & numerical data
Treatment Outcome

@article {pmid40750235,
year = {2025},
author = {Makkawi, M and Alasiri, L and Alasmari, S},
title = {Assessing the Prevalence of Breast Tumors and Associated Abnormalities in Hematological and Coagulation Parameters in the Asir Region, Saudi Arabia.},
journal = {Annals of clinical and laboratory science},
volume = {55},
number = {3},
pages = {373-379},
pmid = {40750235},
issn = {1550-8080},
mesh = {Humans ; Saudi Arabia/epidemiology ; *Breast Neoplasms/epidemiology/blood/pathology ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Adult ; Retrospective Studies ; Prevalence ; *Blood Coagulation ; Aged ; Fibroadenoma/epidemiology/blood ; Young Adult ; },
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: This study investigates the prevalence and classifications of breast tumors in the Asir region over the last five years, together with abnormal hematological parameters and coagulation profiles prior to cancer therapy.

METHODS: This retrospective analysis, covering the period from 2018 to 2022, was conducted at Asir Central Hospital in Abha, Saudi Arabia. Data on demographics and tumor types were obtained from the medical records of 764 patients. Hematological parameters and coagulation profiles of 94 malignant breast cancer patients and control samples were compared using GraphPad Prism.

RESULTS: The majority of cases were benign breast disease (61%, 473), followed by malignant tumors (38%, 292). The most common benign subtypes were fibroadenoma (53.2%, 252 patients), fibrocystic breast alterations (12.6%, 60 patients), and fibroadenosis (9.9%, 47 patients). Among malignant tumors, invasive ductal carcinoma (82.1%, 240 patients), ductal carcinoma in situ (7.1%, 21 patients), and invasive lobular carcinoma (3.7%, 11 patients) predominated. Malignancy patients had lower HB, RBC, MCHC, MCH, MCV, and HCT, and higher RDW. In addition, INR was significantly lower than the control group.

CONCLUSIONS: Over the five-year period ending in 2022, the incidence rate of malignant breast cancer increased in the Asir region. Patients with such cancers show significant abnormalities in hematological parameters and coagulation profiles prior to treatment.},
}

Humans
Saudi Arabia/epidemiology
*Breast Neoplasms/epidemiology/blood/pathology
Female
Middle Aged
Adult
Retrospective Studies
Prevalence
*Blood Coagulation
Aged
Fibroadenoma/epidemiology/blood
Young Adult

@article {pmid40748488,
year = {2025},
author = {Christiaans, CHH and van Veen, FEE and Scheepe, JR and Blok, BFM},
title = {Patient satisfaction, quality of life, and catheter-related complications in long-term urinary catheter users: a nationwide survey.},
journal = {World journal of urology},
volume = {43},
number = {1},
pages = {470},
pmid = {40748488},
issn = {1433-8726},
support = {10310012110004//ZonMw,The Netherlands/ ; 10310012110004//ZonMw,The Netherlands/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; Male ; *Quality of Life ; Female ; *Patient Satisfaction ; Aged ; *Urinary Catheterization/adverse effects/methods ; Middle Aged ; *Urinary Catheters/adverse effects ; Time Factors ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Aged, 80 and over ; *Catheter-Related Infections/epidemiology ; Netherlands/epidemiology ; Catheters, Indwelling/adverse effects ; },
abstract = {PURPOSE: To compare patient satisfaction, quality of life, catheter-related complications between three types of catheterization in long-term urinary catheter users. To improve clinical decision-making for long-term urinary catheter users.

METHODS: A nationwide survey study was conducted from August to September 2024. Patients who apply clean intermittent catheterization (CIC), have an urethral indwelling catheter (IDC), or a suprapubic catheter (SPC), were identified through the MediReva database, a Dutch medical supplier. The survey was developed by structured consensus meeting and consisted of the ICIq-LTCqol and the EQ-5D-5 L.

RESULTS: 3320 patients participated in the study (response rate 33%). 2634 performed CIC, 383 had an IDC, and 303 had an SPC. 75.9% was male and the mean age was 72 years. CIC patients reported the best patient satisfaction and QoL scores. When corrected for multiple confounders IDC and SPC were independently associated with lower patient satisfaction and QoL scores. There was no difference in UTI incidence in the last 6 months between the groups.

CONCLUSIONS: This study shows differences in patient satisfaction, QoL and, catheter-related complications between three types of catheterization. Healthcare providers should be aware of the impact of bladder drainage methods on the patient satisfaction and QoL, especially for those using an IDC or SPC. This information can be of added value in the decision-making process of long-term bladder management.},
}

Humans
Male
*Quality of Life
Female
*Patient Satisfaction
Aged
*Urinary Catheterization/adverse effects/methods
Middle Aged
*Urinary Catheters/adverse effects
Time Factors
Surveys and Questionnaires
Aged, 80 and over
*Catheter-Related Infections/epidemiology
Netherlands/epidemiology
Catheters, Indwelling/adverse effects

@article {pmid40746925,
year = {2025},
author = {Ayatollahi, H and Jafarian, AH and Pakize Moghadam, Z and Ayatollahi, Y and Ghayyem Hassankhani, G and Mehrad-Majd, H},
title = {Clinicopathological Characteristics of Breast Cancer Patients with Equivocal Immunohistochemistry: A Prevalence-Based Statistical Analysis.},
journal = {Iranian journal of pathology},
volume = {20},
number = {3},
pages = {273-279},
pmid = {40746925},
issn = {1735-5303},
abstract = {BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: Although the concordance between immunohistochemistry (IHC) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) is generally high for HER2 scores of 3+ and 1+, discrepancies remain in cases scored as IHC 2+. This study aimed to evaluate HER2/neu gene amplification using FISH in breast cancer patients with IHC 2+ and to examine associated clinicopathological characteristics.

METHODS: This retrospective study included tissue samples from 369 women diagnosed with invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast and an equivocal HER2 IHC score (2+). These samples were further assessed for HER2 gene amplification using FISH. Demographic and clinicopathological data were collected and analyzed.

RESULTS: The mean age of patients was 51.6 ± 2.6 years. FISH analysis revealed no HER2 amplification in 72.6% of IHC 2+ cases, while 27.4% demonstrated amplification. HER2 amplification was significantly associated with younger age, higher histological grade, lymph node involvement, larger tumor size, and reduced survival rate. No significant association was observed between HER2 amplification and margin involvement.

CONCLUSION: HER2 amplification is a significant predictor of aggressive tumor behavior and may necessitate targeted therapy. In cases with IHC 2+, both FISH results and relevant clinicopathological features should be considered prior to initiating trastuzumab treatment.},
}

@article {pmid40744681,
year = {2025},
author = {Moradi, G and Ahmadinejad, N and Zarei, D and Sadighi, N},
title = {Sonographic Correlations With Histological Grade and Biomarker Profiles in Breast Invasive Ductal Carcinoma.},
journal = {Cancer reports (Hoboken, N.J.)},
volume = {8},
number = {8},
pages = {e70288},
pmid = {40744681},
issn = {2573-8348},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; *Breast Neoplasms/pathology/diagnostic imaging/metabolism ; Middle Aged ; *Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology/diagnostic imaging/metabolism ; *Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis/metabolism ; Retrospective Studies ; Neoplasm Grading ; Adult ; Receptors, Estrogen/metabolism/analysis ; Receptor, ErbB-2/metabolism/analysis ; Receptors, Progesterone/metabolism/analysis ; *Ultrasonography, Mammary/methods ; Aged ; Prognosis ; Ki-67 Antigen/metabolism ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC), the most common breast cancer subtype, exhibits significant heterogeneity, limiting traditional prognostic markers. Molecular profiles improve precision, but imaging features may also reflect tumor biology.

AIMS: This study evaluates the predictive potential and clinical applicability of ultrasound features for determining tumor grade and molecular profiles in IDC.

METHODS AND RESULTS: A blinded radiologist retrospectively analyzed 109 IDC cases using the American College of Radiology (ACR) Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) classification, evaluating ultrasound features such as lesion shape, margins, orientation, echo pattern, calcifications, vascularity, and lymph node involvement. Tumors were graded histologically (Scarff-Bloom-Richardson system) as low (grades 1 and 2) or high (grade 3). Immunohistochemistry determined estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), and Ki-67 status. ER and PR positivity were defined as > 10% nuclear staining, HER2 graded on a 0-3+ scale, and Ki-67 positivity as ≥ 10% staining. Statistical analyses, including logistic and linear regression, examined correlations between ultrasound features and histological/molecular profiles. Among 109 women (mean age 48.4 ± 12.5 years), the mean tumor length and width were 21.83 ± 11.22 mm and 15.3 ± 6.97 mm, respectively. Histopathological grading revealed that grade 2 tumors were predominant (51%), while grade 1 and grade 3 tumors were observed in 25% and 24% of cases, respectively. ER and PR positivity were observed in 76.4% and 67.6% of cases, respectively. High-grade tumors were significantly associated with ER and PR negativity (p-value < 0.05). Ultrasound features associated with high-grade tumors included larger tumor length (p-value = 0.029). ER positive tumors had smaller axillary lymph nodes (p-value < 0.05). Likewise, PR positive tumors exhibited smaller suspicious axillary lymph nodes compared to PR negative cases (p-value = 0.004).

CONCLUSION: Sonographic features may correlate with histological grades and hormone receptor statuses in breast IDC, suggesting that ultrasound could aid in predictive assessment.},
}

Humans
Female
*Breast Neoplasms/pathology/diagnostic imaging/metabolism
Middle Aged
*Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology/diagnostic imaging/metabolism
*Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis/metabolism
Retrospective Studies
Neoplasm Grading
Adult
Receptors, Estrogen/metabolism/analysis
Receptor, ErbB-2/metabolism/analysis
Receptors, Progesterone/metabolism/analysis
*Ultrasonography, Mammary/methods
Aged
Prognosis
Ki-67 Antigen/metabolism

@article {pmid40743788,
year = {2025},
author = {Broitman, S and Golan, O and Menes, TS and Freitas, VAR and Kessner, R and Neeman, R and Mauda-Havakuk, M and Nechyporenko, Y and Stav, D and Lazar, S and Mercer, D and Amitai, Y},
title = {Outcomes following pre-operative MRI-guided bracketing in breast cancer patients.},
journal = {Clinical imaging},
volume = {125},
number = {},
pages = {110567},
doi = {10.1016/j.clinimag.2025.110567},
pmid = {40743788},
issn = {1873-4499},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: This study aimed to evaluate the surgical outcomes of patients undergoing magnetic resonance imaging-guided bracketing (MRI-B) prior to breast-conserving therapy (BCT).

MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective study included consecutive patients treated with BCT at our institution for invasive or in situ breast cancer between January 2016 and December 2022 and requiring MRI-B before surgery. Bracketing was performed by either inserting MRI-compatible wires or deploying clips under MRI guidance, with subsequent localization using mammography. Clinical, radiological, and pathological data were collected and correlated with positive surgical margins and imaging overestimation.

RESULTS: Among the 57 patients included, 10 (18 %) had positive surgical margins. Younger age (Mean: 56 vs 49 years) and the presence of ductal carcinoma in-situ (DCIS) or infiltrative lobular carcinoma (ILC) component (100 % vs 82 %) were most strongly associated with positive margins, although statistical significance was not reached (P = 0.11 and P = 0.149, respectively). MRI overestimated disease extent in 13 of 49 eligible patients (27 %). Overestimation was most strongly linked to isolated infiltrating ductal carcinoma (IDC; 38 % vs. 3 %, P = 0.008) and bracketed enhancing foci (54 % vs. 22 %, P = 0.084). During long-term follow-up, 2 patients (4 %) had local recurrence, and 3 patients (5 %) experienced distant recurrence.

CONCLUSIONS: MRI-B before BCT is associated with a clinically manageable rate of positive margins and local recurrence. However, optimizing patient selection is essential to minimize unnecessary bracketing and improve surgical outcomes.},
}

@article {pmid40742538,
year = {2025},
author = {Macedo, M and Agustí, E and Ganau, S and Úbeda, B and Sitges, C and Ribera-Perianes, J and Oses, G and Pascual, T and Mension, E and Vidal-Sicart, S and Bargalló, X},
title = {Preoperative localization of metastatic axillary lymph nodes using radioactive iodine seed before neoadjuvant chemotherapy. A one-step marking method for targeted axillary dissection.},
journal = {European journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {40742538},
issn = {1619-7089},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the reliability and effectiveness of using the radioactive iodine seed (RIS) as one-step target axillary dissection (TAD) procedure in breast cancer patients.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a non-randomized, single-center, prospective study. Consecutive patients between May-2022 and November-2023 with breast cancer and axillary involvement (cN1) planned to receive NAC and TAD surgery were marked with RIS in the pathologically proven ALN. Radiation levels emitted by the patient were measured. On the day of surgery, the marked lymph node (MLN) and sentinel lymph node (SLN) were removed. We studied the identification rate (IR) and the concordance rate (CR) between the MLN and SLN.

RESULTS: Forty patients participated in the study (39 females, 1 male; mean age 53). Most of the patients included were diagnosed with invasive ductal carcinoma (92.5%). Half of the patients were hormone receptor positive and HER2 negative, and the other half were triple negative or HER2 positive. There was one suspicious ALN in the majority of breast cancer cases (72.5%). Average time from RIS placement to surgery was 157 days. IR of RIS were 100% and IR of SLN was 95%. CR between SLN and MLN was 52.5%. No complications in RIS placement and carriage were reported. No breast or axillary relapse were reported in a 16-34 month follow-up period. The radiation levels were low at distances greater than 0.5 m.

CONCLUSIONS: The use of RIS for TAD as a one-step procedure for axillary staging of cN1 breast cancer patients in a pre-NAC context is a reliable and effective radiologic marker placement procedure.},
}

@article {pmid40736024,
year = {2025},
author = {Fang, W and Kozai, Y and Acevedo, DS and Brodine, R and Gorrepati, HS and Arviso, N and Cote, P and Thompson, A and Gerdes, Z and Espinoza, A and Bergeron, N and Brownfield, A and Cheng, N},
title = {Cooperative CCL2/CCR2 and HGF/MET signaling enhances breast cancer growth and invasion associated with metabolic reprogramming.},
journal = {Cancer biology & therapy},
volume = {26},
number = {1},
pages = {2535824},
pmid = {40736024},
issn = {1555-8576},
support = {P30 CA168524/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States ; R01 CA172764/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; *Breast Neoplasms/pathology/metabolism/genetics ; *Chemokine CCL2/metabolism/genetics ; Animals ; *Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-met/metabolism/genetics ; Signal Transduction ; *Receptors, CCR2/metabolism/genetics ; Mice ; *Hepatocyte Growth Factor/metabolism/genetics ; Cell Proliferation ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays ; Metabolic Reprogramming ; },
abstract = {With over 60,000 cases diagnosed in women annually, ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is the most common form of pre-invasive breast cancer in the US. Despite standardized therapy, under-treatment and over-treatment are prevailing concerns. By understanding the mechanisms regulating DCIS progression, we may develop tailored strategies to improve treatment. CCL2/CCR2 and HGF/MET signaling pathways are upregulated in breast cancers. Our studies indicate that these pathways cooperate to promote DCIS progression and metabolism. DCIS and IDC tissues were immunostained for CCL2 and HGF expression. DCIS.com and HCC1937 cells were analyzed for cell proliferation through PCNA immunostaining, apoptosis through cleaved caspase-3 immunostaining, and invasion through Matrigel transwell assays. AKT, AMPK, p42/44MAPK and PKC activities were analyzed in vitro through immunoblot and pharmacologic inhibition. CCL2 and HGF-mediated metabolism were analyzed by LC-MS. Glucose uptake and lactate production were measured biochemically. CCR2 and MET were targeted in breast xenografts through CCR2 knockout and treatment with Merestinib. Significant associations between CCL2 and HGF were detected in DCIS and IDC tissues. CCL2 and HGF co-treatment enhanced breast cancer cell growth, survival, and invasiveness over individual CCL2 or HGF treatment. These CCL2/HGF-mediated phenotypes were associated with metabolic changes including glycolysis and increased AKT, AMPK, p42/44MAPK and PKC signaling. CCL2/HGF-mediated glycolysis was reduced with AKT, AMPK and p42/44MAPK inhibition. CCR2 knockout combined with Merestinib treatment inhibited growth, survival, and stromal reactivity of breast xenografts more than CCR2 or MET targeting alone. CCL2/CCR2 and HGF/MET cooperate to enhance breast cancer progression and metabolic reprogramming.},
}

Humans
Female
*Breast Neoplasms/pathology/metabolism/genetics
*Chemokine CCL2/metabolism/genetics
Animals
*Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-met/metabolism/genetics
Signal Transduction
*Receptors, CCR2/metabolism/genetics
Mice
*Hepatocyte Growth Factor/metabolism/genetics
Cell Proliferation
Cell Line, Tumor
Neoplasm Invasiveness
Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
Metabolic Reprogramming

@article {pmid40734184,
year = {2025},
author = {Bai, Y and Guo, X and Liu, K and Zheng, B and Wei, Y and Wang, Y and Zhang, W and Luo, Q and Yin, J and Wu, L and Li, Y and Zhang, Y and Chen, A and Wang, X and Xu, X and Liu, C and Jin, X},
title = {SpaSEG: unsupervised deep learning for multi-task analysis of spatially resolved transcriptomics.},
journal = {Genome biology},
volume = {26},
number = {1},
pages = {230},
pmid = {40734184},
issn = {1474-760X},
support = {2022YFC3400400//National Key Research and Development Program of China/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *Deep Learning ; *Gene Expression Profiling/methods ; *Transcriptome ; Breast Neoplasms/genetics ; *Unsupervised Machine Learning ; Female ; Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/genetics ; },
abstract = {Spatially resolved transcriptomics (SRT) for characterizing spatial cellular heterogeneities in tissue environments requires systematic analytical approaches to elucidate gene expression variations within their physiological context. Here, we introduce SpaSEG, an unsupervised deep learning model utilizing convolutional neural networks for multiple SRT analysis tasks. Extensive evaluations across diverse SRT datasets generated by various platforms demonstrate SpaSEG's superior robustness and efficiency compared to existing methods. In the application analysis of invasive ductal carcinoma, SpaSEG successfully unravels intratumoral heterogeneity and delivers insights into immunoregulatory mechanisms. These results highlight SpaSEG's substantial potential for exploring tissue architectures and pathological biology.},
}

Humans
*Deep Learning
*Gene Expression Profiling/methods
*Transcriptome
Breast Neoplasms/genetics
*Unsupervised Machine Learning
Female
Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/genetics

@article {pmid40730795,
year = {2025},
author = {Murugesan, GK and McCrumb, D and Soni, R and Kumar, J and Nuernberg, L and Pei, L and Wagner, U and Granger, S and Fedorov, AY and Moore, S and Van Oss, J},
title = {AI generated annotations for Breast, Brain, Liver, Lungs, and Prostate cancer collections in the National Cancer Institute Imaging Data Commons.},
journal = {Scientific data},
volume = {12},
number = {1},
pages = {1317},
pmid = {40730795},
issn = {2052-4463},
support = {75N91019D00024/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Humans ; National Cancer Institute (U.S.) ; Male ; United States ; *Artificial Intelligence ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Female ; *Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging ; Prostatic Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging ; Breast Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging ; },
abstract = {The Artificial Intelligence in Medical Imaging (AIMI) initiative aims to enhance the National Cancer Institute's (NCI) Image Data Commons (IDC) by releasing fully reproducible nnU-Net models, along with AI-assisted segmentation for cancer radiology images. In this extension of our earlier work, we created high-quality, AI-annotated imaging datasets for 11 IDC collections, spanning computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the lungs, breast, brain, kidneys, prostate, and liver. Each nnU-Net model was trained on open-source datasets, and a portion of the AI-generated annotations was reviewed and corrected by board-certified radiologists. Both the AI and radiologist annotations were encoded in compliance with the Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) standard, ensuring seamless integration into the IDC collections. By making these models, images, and annotations publicly accessible, we aim to facilitate further research and development in cancer imaging.},
}

Humans
National Cancer Institute (U.S.)
Male
United States
*Artificial Intelligence
Tomography, X-Ray Computed
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Female
*Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging
Prostatic Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging
Breast Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging

@article {pmid40730731,
year = {2025},
author = {Pratt, CG and McClelland, PH and Long, SA and Moore, AN and Lewis, JD and Heelan, AA},
title = {The Metaplastic Conundrum: A National Cancer Database Analysis of Metaplastic versus Triple-Negative Ductal Breast Cancer.},
journal = {Annals of surgical oncology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {40730731},
issn = {1534-4681},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Historically, treatment approaches for metaplastic breast cancer (MpBC) have mirrored that of triple-negative ductal breast cancer (TN-IDC), yet MpBC has persistently worse survival. This study describes rates and response to neoadjuvant systemic therapy (NAC) for MpBC and evaluates survival between triple-negative MpBC (TN-MpBC), biomarker-positive MpBC (nTN-MpBC), and TN-IDC by treatment approach.

METHODS: The National Cancer Database was queried for females diagnosed with clinically non-metastatic MpBC or TN-IDC from 2011 to 2021. One-to-one propensity score matching between TN-MpBC and TN-IDC patients was performed.

RESULTS: Of 5575 MpBC patients, surgery and chemotherapy rates were high. For patients who received systemic therapy and surgery, an adjuvant approach was favored; however, NAC for TN-MpBC increased from 18.3 to 31.5% by 2021. Higher rates of NAC non-response and lower overall survival were found among MpBC cohorts compared with TN-IDC. For MpBC, an adjuvant approach had significantly better survival than other systemic therapy sequences. When evaluated by pathologic response to NAC, a partial or non-response had worse survival compared with complete response or not undergoing NAC. On Cox proportional hazard regression of matched patients, NAC had an adjusted hazard ratio of 2.56 (1.36-4.79) compared with not undergoing NAC.

CONCLUSION: MpBC is predominantly treated with surgery and systemic therapy, with increasing rates of NAC for TN-MpBC. However, patients with MpBC have inferior survival to TN-IDC, and NAC for MpBC is associated with worse survival compared with other systemic therapy sequences, unless a complete pathologic response is achieved. These findings reinforce the need for systemic treatment sequence optimization for MpBC.},
}

@article {pmid40727978,
year = {2025},
author = {Kahlon, N and Baddam, S and Bansal, N and Qureshi, Z and Maradana, J},
title = {Dynamic Changes in Breast Cancer Receptor Status: A Case Report Highlighting the Importance of Repeat Biopsies in Guiding Treatment Strategies.},
journal = {Journal of investigative medicine high impact case reports},
volume = {13},
number = {},
pages = {23247096251362974},
pmid = {40727978},
issn = {2324-7096},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; Middle Aged ; *Receptors, Estrogen/metabolism ; *Receptor, ErbB-2/metabolism ; *Breast Neoplasms/pathology/therapy/metabolism ; Receptors, Progesterone/metabolism ; Biopsy ; *Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology/metabolism ; Immunohistochemistry ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/pathology ; *Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/pathology ; },
abstract = {Breast cancer receptor status plays a critical role in treatment selection, yet receptor evolution throughout disease progression remains a significant challenge. This case describes a 58-year-old female initially diagnosed with estrogen receptor (ER)-positive (95%), progesterone receptor (PR)-negative (<5%), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative (immunohistochemistry [IHC] 0, fluorescence in situ hybridization-negative) invasive ductal carcinoma. Over 6 years, her tumor transitioned to triple-negative breast cancer at recurrence, then reacquired ER expression (80%) in metastatic mediastinal lymph nodes. HER2 status evolved from IHC 0 → HER2-low (IHC 1+ → IHC 2+), directly influencing therapy selection. These receptor changes led to major systemic treatment modifications, including endocrine therapy, immunotherapy, CDK4/6 inhibitors, and antibody-drug conjugates. Given the extended response duration and improved tolerability of targeted therapies, accurate receptor assessment is essential to ensure that patients receive the most effective treatment. Literature reports receptor discordance rates of ER loss (19%), PR loss (34%), and HER2 fluctuations (15%), reinforcing the necessity of biopsy-driven treatment adaptation. While serial biopsies remain invasive, they provide essential molecular insights that optimize systemic therapy choices, allowing patients to remain on the most appropriate, well-tolerated regimen for as long as possible. This case highlights the clinical significance of receptor evolution and advocates for biopsy-guided precision oncology in metastatic breast cancer management. Ensuring accurate receptor reassessment through periodic molecular profiling can maximize therapeutic efficacy, improving response rates, treatment tolerability, and overall patient outcomes.},
}

Humans
Female
Middle Aged
*Receptors, Estrogen/metabolism
*Receptor, ErbB-2/metabolism
*Breast Neoplasms/pathology/therapy/metabolism
Receptors, Progesterone/metabolism
Biopsy
*Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology/metabolism
Immunohistochemistry
Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/pathology
*Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/pathology

@article {pmid40727474,
year = {2025},
author = {Gu, W and Yuan, J and Dong, M and Sheng, J and Jiang, K},
title = {Case Report: Advanced breast invasive ductal carcinoma with erysipeloid cutaneous metastasis misdiagnosed as erysipelas.},
journal = {Frontiers in oncology},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1535421},
pmid = {40727474},
issn = {2234-943X},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Breast cancer has become the second most common cancer after lung cancer. Patients may present with skin manifestations at the time of initial diagnosis, while erysipel-like carcinoma typically appears later, following initial treatment. This delay increases the risk of misdiagnosis.

CASE PRESENTATION: The patient was a 51-year-old female. A modified radical mastectomy for left breast carcinoma (pT2N3M0, stage IIIC; tumor size 4.6 cm × 4.5 cm × 1.6 cm, 14/21 axillary lymph nodes involved), HER2-positive type, was performed on April 21, 2021. In April 2024 (three years post-surgery), the patient developed unexplained redness and swelling in the skin of the left upper limb, accompanied by increased skin temperature. This was misdiagnosed as erysipelas of the upper limb. After one week of antibiotic treatment, the redness and swelling slightly subsided. In May 2024, the patient experienced dizziness and headaches without any obvious cause. Enhanced cranial MRI revealed multiple brain metastases, with possible lymph node metastasis in the left cervical region. The patient underwent whole-brain radiotherapy. During radiotherapy, erysipelas-like rashes developed on the left chest wall, upper limb, and right breast skin. In June 2024, a skin biopsy of the chest wall confirmed cutaneous metastasis. Following systemic anti-tumor treatment, both the skin and brain metastasis improved.

CONCLUSION: Pathological biopsy should be emphasized when breast cancer patients develop localized rashes. Understanding the unique inflammatory manifestations of cutaneous metastasis is crucial for breast oncologists to enable early diagnosis, timely treatment, and improved overall survival.},
}

@article {pmid40727336,
year = {2025},
author = {Yang, Y and Cheng, L},
title = {Correlation between ultrasonic features and expression of immunohistochemical factors in invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast.},
journal = {Quantitative imaging in medicine and surgery},
volume = {15},
number = {7},
pages = {6044-6052},
pmid = {40727336},
issn = {2223-4292},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Breast cancer is the most common malignancy among women globally, with invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) accounting for approximately 80% of all breast cancer cases. IDC exhibits significant heterogeneity in terms of pathological manifestations and prognosis, which are largely influenced by the expression of immunohistochemical (IHC) factors. The study aimed to investigate the correlation between ultrasonic features and the expression of IHC factors in IDC of the breast.

METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted of the clinical data of patients with IDC confirmed by surgery and pathology from January 2019 to December 2022, with ultrasonography performed pre-operation and standard sonograms retained. Specifically, the correlation between sonographic signs and the expression of IHC factors such as estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2), E-cadherin, and Ki-67 was investigated using the univariate and binary logistic regression analyses. E-cadherin was included due to its role in epithelial-mesenchymal transition and metastasis in IDC. Key sonographic features (e.g., Adler grade, morphology, posterior echo) and IHC factors were analyzed.

RESULTS: The study identified significant associations between specific ultrasonic features and IHC factor expression. For ER expression, irregular shape [odds ratio (OR) =1.694, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.032-2.309, P=0.011], reduced posterior echo (OR =1.904, 95% CI: 1.211-2.901, P=0.008), and hyperechoic halo (OR =3.705, 95% CI: 1.277-7.903, P=0.003) were associated with ER-positive expression, while Adler grade II-III was associated with ER-negative expression (OR =0.390, 95% CI: 0.127-0.745, P<0.001). For PR expression, hyperechoic halo (OR =4.905, 95% CI: 2.664-11.231, P=0.01) was associated with PR-positive expression, while smooth margin (OR =0.513, 95% CI: 0.132-0.784, P<0.001) and maximum diameter ≥2 cm (OR =0.622, 95% CI: 0.267-0.874, P=0.005) were associated with PR-negative expression. Calcification (OR =1.806, 95% CI: 1.237-4.584, P=0.002) and maximum diameter ≥2 cm (OR =1.409, 95% CI: 1.194-2.385, P=0.01) were associated with HER-2-positive expression. Lymphatic metastasis (OR =1.450, 95% CI: 1.057-2.328, P=0.03) and Adler grade II-III (OR =0.704, 95% CI: 0.406-1.242, P=0.02) were associated with E-cadherin-positive expression. Reduced posterior echo was associated with Ki-67-negative expression (OR =0.307, 95% CI: 0.106-0.684, P=0.02). The areas under the ROC curves for each IHC factor were as follows: ER, 0.832; PR, 0.756; HER-2, 0.675; E-cadherin, 0.684; Ki-67, 0.703.

CONCLUSIONS: Since IHC factors are correlated with ultrasonic features to some extent, their biological behaviors can be preliminarily identified through analyses of their sonographic features, thereby providing a reference for clinically individualized treatment regimens and prognosis evaluation of patients.},
}